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{
"accepted_answer_id": "52907",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am having some trouble grasping the meaning of 寄せられる in this context. While\nthe most common meaning of 寄せる that I see is something akin to \"to approach\",\nit is clearly varied in meaning contextually, as I see it often and am unclear\non exactly what it implies. Here's the passage:\n\n> しかし、 企画に対して、「 社会が苦しい」「 読んで生きるのが楽になりました」 という感想が思った以上に **寄せられて** います\n> 。そうした決断は難しいようです.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-08-31T20:45:27.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52903",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-08-16T12:26:23.950",
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"owner_user_id": "13569",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 寄せる in this context",
"view_count": 294
} | [
{
"body": "If you read the beginning of the [Huffington Post\narticle](https://www.google.co.jp/amp/m.huffingtonpost.jp/amp/2017/08/22/kiriya%20interview_a_23158043/)\nwhich you quoted, you can see the project consisted of a survey.\n\nYou can even find a synonym for the 寄せる in the first two sentences of the\narticle itself:\n\n> ハフポスト日本版が6月からスタートさせた「だからひとりが好き」の企画で掲載した、中学・高校で感じた「同調圧力が苦痛だった」という記事に\n> **寄せられた声** だ。\n>\n> **こうしたメッセージ** がたくさん **届き** 、同じ悩みを抱えた人たちがいかに多いかを実感した。\n\nThe word simply means \"gathered\", \"received\".\n\nAnd you can find the definition in the\n[dictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/227809/meaning/m0u/) too:\n\n> ５ 意見・情報などを送り届ける。手紙・文章などを送る。提供する。「回答を―・せる」「便りを―・せる」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-01T01:41:10.350",
"id": "52907",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "From [goo辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/227809/meaning/m0u/), 寄せる has the\nfollowing meaning:\n\n> ５ 意見・情報などを送り届ける。手紙・文章などを送る。提供する。「回答を―・せる」「便りを―・せる」\n\nWhich means to send options, information or letter, article.\n\n寄せる + られる becomes 寄せられる, which is the passive form of 寄せる.\n\nSo the original sentence is:\n\n> ...... opinions like 「 社会が苦しい」「 読んで生きるのが楽になりました」 are sent (to the organizer)\n> more than expected.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-01T01:43:36.950",
"id": "52908",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-01T01:43:36.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
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| 52903 | 52907 | 52907 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52914",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "i'm just starting kanji , and a bit confused. if onyomi is when two kanji\ntogether why is 日曜日 has both of the reading?when do i read the kanji kunyomi\neven so it's with another kanji?or do i just memorize them as words?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-01T11:24:11.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52912",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-01T12:14:37.977",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-01T11:41:34.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "25630",
"owner_user_id": "25630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "kun'yomi vs on'yomi",
"view_count": 338
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think I have the right answer but in my view most _kun+on_ compound\nwords are kind of common \"set expressions\" like the days of the week, some\ntime expressions, etc. I think in 日曜日 the last 日 \" _bi_ \" acts more like a\nsuffix, but I'm not quite certain. My advice is, if you can, try to memorize\nthe _kun+on_ , _on+kun_ or even _kun-kun_ kanji compounds as words, not trying\nto read and split their meaning and reading because they are very few compared\nto the _onyomi_ compounds and some are very commonly used. I hope it helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-01T12:14:37.977",
"id": "52914",
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"parent_id": "52912",
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"score": 0
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| 52912 | 52914 | 52914 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "話し合いの結果、事務所と食堂は禁煙ということになった。\n\nFirst, my translation:\n\n\"As a result of the discussion, office and dining hall became non-smoking\narea\"\n\nI think that in this case, ことになった isn't used in the sense of 私は出張することになった。=>\nIt was decided that I make the business trip. Instead, I think that it is more\n禁煙という **こと** +なった. \"It became a non-smoking **thing** \"\n\nI might be wrong though, because I must admit that I still have quite a lot of\nissues with という. It's not that it would hinder me from understanding a\nsentence (at least in most cases), but it's still kind of a blackbox for me,\nsince I can't really detect much regularity in its use.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-01T17:28:13.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52916",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-01T19:23:57.513",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How is the ことになる construction used here",
"view_count": 100
} | [
{
"body": "In your sentence \"It was decided that I make the business trip\" the word\n\"decided\" is just a possible interpretation which would be determined by\ncontext. This seems to be one of the examples where Japanese prefers\ndescription of things happening in the world rather than speaking of actions\nof actors. The sentence literally is \"as for me, things have become so that\n(someone, possibly \"I\") will make a business trip\" or \"the thing of me making\na business trip has come to be (somehow)\".\n\nSame way with the ending part of the sentence in question ~ the thing you can\ndescribe as a smoking restriction came to be. The whole sentence actually\nsupplies enough information, it was a result of a discussion so we can\nconclude that it was decided.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-01T19:17:34.733",
"id": "52918",
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| 52916 | null | 52918 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52921",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "\n\nI'm drawing onomatopoeia from JoJo's Bizarre Adventure for the fun of it, but\nI would at least like to know the meaning (and romaji) of what i'm trying to\ndraw. I've been trying to identify this but these katakana only look slightly\nsimilar to some I see on Wikipedia. Any help would be appreciated, thanks!\n\n(please note that I do not have very much knowledge of Japanese)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-01T22:41:22.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52920",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-03T02:41:14.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25641",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Can someone help me identify this onomatopoeia?",
"view_count": 1229
} | [
{
"body": "> ガン \n> ガン \n> ガン...\n\nPronounced as \"gan gan gan...\"\n\nIt's an onomatopoeia often used for the sound of hitting something hard.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-01T23:54:57.397",
"id": "52921",
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},
{
"body": "ガン、ガン、ガン、ガン... Gan,gan,gan... Interesting, metal fist hitting sound.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T02:41:14.457",
"id": "52952",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-03T02:41:14.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25647",
"parent_id": "52920",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
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| 52920 | 52921 | 52921 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52923",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Context: in a manga a man is explaining the rope-a-dope boxing technique ([see\nwikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope-a-dope)) and he uses these\nwords:\n\n> ロープに体を沈めて相手の攻撃をかわし更にカウンター。予期しない反撃ならいくら打たれ強くても **意識を刈りとる** ことができる。\n\nThe meaning of the first sentence is pretty clear to me, but I don't\nunderstand the second sentence. What is the meaning of 刈りとる? I didn't find\nthis collocation on dictionaries. Is it a metaphor meaning \"to knock down\nunconscious\"? My translation attempt:\n\n> (It is a technique where) you lay on the ropes dodging the opponent's\n> attacks, and then blow a counter-punch. It doesn't matter how many times or\n> how strong you get hit, if the punch is unexpected, you are able to knock\n> down the opponent.\n\nIt would be great if you could also check the rest of my translation. Thank\nyou for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-02T00:03:23.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52922",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-03T02:35:22.330",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"expressions",
"sports",
"collocations"
],
"title": "Meaning of 意識を刈りとる",
"view_count": 192
} | [
{
"body": "> \"you lay on the ropes dodging\" → \"you lay yourself on the ropes dodging.\" \n> \"How many times, how strong you get hit\" → \"How struck strong the opponent\n> is?\"\n\nI think the other parts of your translation are correct.\n\n刈り取る literally means cut something with a sickle or a really sharp thing.\n\nThis time,\n\n> 一発で相手の意識を刈り取る。まるで死神の鎌の様だ。 \n> Knock the opponent down with one punch. His punch as sharp as the sickle of\n> the Reaper.\n\nIt should be one punch knock out. \nAfter you land a punch, and the opponent won't wake up. No need for 10 counts.\nYou can also google \"意識を刈り取る ボクシング\" and check YouTube and blogs contain its\nusage in the sentences.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-02T00:09:47.983",
"id": "52923",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-03T02:35:22.330",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-03T02:35:22.330",
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{
"body": "> 予期しない反撃ならいくら打たれ強くても意識を刈りとることができる。 \n> It would be great if you could also check the rest of my translation.\n\nLet me break it down into smaller chunks:\n\n予期しない反撃なら \n\"if your counterattack is unexpected,\" -> \"with an unexpected counterattack,\" \nいくら打たれ強くても \n\"no matter how tough/resilient your opponent might be,\" \n\"意識を刈りとることができる \n\"you can knock him out\"\n\nPut together:\n\nWith an unexpected counterattack, you can knock out your opponent, no matter\nhow tough/resilient he might be.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-02T00:39:40.810",
"id": "52924",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-02T00:39:40.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "52922",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 52922 | 52923 | 52924 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52927",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this line from a song,\n\n> 大人【おとな】になるにつれ 遠【とお】ざかってしまったり\n\nI'm tempted to say it translates to\n\n> As you grow older, you're growing apart (from me)\n\nbut I'm not entirely sure how to interpret しまったり. It doesn't seem to be a form\nof 〜たり, but I can't find much explanation of 〜り either. Could someone help me\nunderstand the grammar here?\n\nEdit: As I research more and more, I'm questioning more and more my parsing of\nthe sentence. So if I have it completely wrong, please correct me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-02T01:13:35.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52926",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-02T14:03:25.047",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-02T02:04:38.863",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does しまったり mean?",
"view_count": 334
} | [
{
"body": "To me, this looks like morphological building blocks being strung together.\n\nSo you have the main verb in て-form: [遠]{とお}ざか **って**\n\nThen this is followed by しまう, a construction which indicates that the action\nwas accidental (or finished completely). So 食べて **しまいました** means either \"I\naccidentally ate it\" or \"I ate it all\".\n\nIn the example you gave, the しまう is in たり form (create with the rule: short\npast form + り) which is used to mean \"things like X\"- in this case, \"you're\ndoing things like (totally/accidentally) growing apart from me\", etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-02T04:13:26.303",
"id": "52927",
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| 52926 | 52927 | 52927 |
{
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"body": "In this sentence:「 これだと乗り換えなし。」I understand that the speaker is trying to tell\nme that there is no need to change trains (interchange) when riding a certain\ntrain.\n\nWhat is the function of 「だと」in this sentence? Somethimes i hear 「だって」in a\nrather forceful/insistent tone. Are they the same? Or their meanings are\ntotally differenf?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-02T04:44:22.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52928",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Function of \"だと\"",
"view_count": 6206
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{
"body": "I think you are right on 「だって」 is rather insistent than 「だと」.\n\n\"これだど乗り換えなし\"\n\nYou are stating \"In this case, you don't have to change the trains.\"\n\nYou are not sure about other cases though, at least in this case you don't\nhave to change the trains to the destination.\n\n\"これだって乗り換えなし”\n\nYou are stating \"Even in this case, you don't have to change the trains.\"\n\nYou know that possibly there are some other cases you don't have to change the\ntrains to the destination.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-02T05:01:48.893",
"id": "52929",
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"body": "> これだと乗り換えなし。\n>\n> I understand that the speaker is trying to tell me that there is no need to\n> change trains (interchange) when riding a certain train.\n\nYour understanding is somewhat correct.\n\n「これだと」 is like: \n(1) これであると \n(2) この乗り物（列車、電車など）であると \n(3) 利用する乗り物がこれだと \n(4) この乗り物に乗れば \n(5) これに乗りさえすれば\n\n> Somethimes i hear 「だって」in a rather forceful/insistent tone. Are they the\n> same?\n\nSo, your understanding is incorrect.\n\nThe interpretation for the given sentence will be like:\n\n * There is no need to change trains when riding **this** train. \n * There is no need to change trains if you ride **this** train.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-02T05:05:31.293",
"id": "52930",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-09-02T06:00:25.017",
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"body": "> これだと乗り換えなし。 \n> What is the function of 「だと」in this sentence?\n\nThe だと consists of the copula 「だ」 (or, the assertive auxiliary / 断定の助動詞「だ」)\nand \nthe conjunctive particle / 接続助詞「と」, meaning \"if\" or \"when\".\n\nSo これだと literally means \"If/When (it) is this\", ⇒ \"If/When you choose/take/use\nthis\", or \"With this\".\n\nYou could rephrase your sentence as これ **なら** 乗り換えなし. \"If it's this, ⇒ With\nthis, you don't have to change trains.\"\n\n> Sometimes I hear 「だって」 in a rather forceful/insistent tone. Are they the\n> same?\n\nNo, the だと here is quite different from だって.\n\nThe だと that can be rephrased as だって, as in 「なん **だって** ？」≂「なん **だと** ？」, is\nthe copula 「だ」 + the quotative particle / 引用の格助詞「と」.\n\nこれだって can mean \"even if (it) is this\" / \"even this\" (≂ これ **でも** ), or \"this\none, too\" (≂ これ **も** ). The だって here is made of the copula 「だ」 + the binding\nparticle / 係助詞「とて」.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-02T07:18:27.130",
"id": "52932",
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}
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| 52928 | null | 52932 |
{
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"body": "> 重みがあって、 **振ると** 音がする未開封のクッキーの箱が、開け **てみると** 空っぽだったみたいに。\n\nHello there. I'm in the process of reading a complex text now, and I myself am\nnot really good at Japanese right now (around N5, maybe a bit less skillful\neven), but I'd like to tackle complex topics, because I believe it'll help me\nlearn the language faster.\n\nAnyway, what I'd like to ask here in regards to this question, is going to\nfollow after my attempt at translation:\n\n> Having some weight, it made sounds when I shook it: an unopened cookie jar\n> that, when opened, seemed empty.\n\nI'd like to point out that the context of this sentence is essentially a\ndescription of some magical box that can grant wishes. And it also seems\nunnaturally empty.\n\nI'd like to ask you about the parts in bold. 「振ると」 here is essentially \"when\nyou shake it\", this is not really difficult. However, the other \"~と\" part in\nthe sentence, 「開けてみると」, bugs me a bit. It seems I don't understand the nuance\nin what the 「～てみる」part does here specifically. I'd translate it as \" **When I\nopened it** , ...[it seemed empty]\". However, I've translated this just as I\nwould an ordinary 「~ると」 clause, and I don't think that's right. Also, almost\nall the examples on Tatoeba list the 「～てみると」 clause as either \"When you do X,\nyou find that...\" or \"If you did X, you'd find that...\", and I can't shake a\nfeeling that I'm not seeing some nuance here. Is there more to the last part\nof the sentence then just \"When I opened it, it seemed empty\"?\n\nEDIT: Also yes, I should have mentioned that I've researched the fact that\n「Vてみる」is \"try and see what comes of it\", but I'm not really getting how I can\nuse that in my sentence. Also, both 「~ると」 and 「～てみると」are \"When I did one\nthing, another thing followed\" or \"When you do one thing, another thing\nfollows\"? Essentially I may be off here on the point if the main character\ntalks about things he already did (When I opened the box,...), or he describes\nwhat could have happened if that was done (When/if the box is opened, ...). No\nclarity yet on those fronts. Does the と part here include the **completeness**\nof the action or stating the fact about what **could** happen?\n\nDoes the last part become\n\n> \"When I tried to open it, it seemed empty\",\n\nor\n\n> \"If you try to open it, it seems empty\"?\n\nAnd if second option is true, how does 「だった」(past tense) fit here?\n\nThanks for all the help.",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What's the nuance of ordinary ~ると and ~てみると here?",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "Verb in て-form + みる = try doing verb (to see what happens).\n\n> 開けてみると When I tried opening it\n\nThis makes logical sense because みる is 'to see'. So you are doing the verb and\n**seeing** (the result), which is exactly what 'trying' means.",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-02T08:53:12.950",
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| 52933 | null | 52935 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52938",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For context: This is the last sentence in a small story about a man who has 2\nboys in his neighbourhood which look very smilar to each other. He now tells\nus about the consequences of this:\n\n> でも、二人は顔も髪型もそっくりなので、いまでもうっかり太郎君を次郎君と呼んだり、次郎君を太郎君と呼んだりしてしまい **そうになる** 。\n\nFirst, my translation:\n\n> However, because the two, Tarou and Jirou, completely look alike, even now\n> **I become** regrettably calling Tarou Jirou and Jirou Tarou.\n\nI would usually interpret this X (Verb, adj etc.) そうに V like\n\n> 楽しそうに遊びます。 \n> \"Someone plays happily\"\n\nHowever, なる after そうに seems to make this way of interpretation impossible.\n\"someone happily becomes\" still makes some sense, although the object of this\n\"to become\" seems to be missing.\n\nAlso, if I follow the grammatical explanations from my textbook, this \"...そうに\nVerb \" further determines the verb following そうに. I think I already\nencountered such a case with そうになる in the past and it still confuses me a lot.\nEspecially in the case in question, I just can't muster the understanding how\nthis \"I regrettably interchange their names\" can further determine the process\n\"to become\". It feels overly complicated to me which is why I fear that I\nmisunderstood something. Even more so because the translation I did above\nfeels like it doesn't even reflect this concept: \"to become regrettably doing\nX\" doesn't seem to further determine \"to become\". \"to regrettably doing X\nbecome\" would reflect it, but it is ungrammatical. So I can't even think of a\ngrammatical translation reflecting the concept I'm assuming we have here Oo ^^",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Did I interpret this そうになる correctly",
"view_count": 1438
} | [
{
"body": "「そうになる」 should not be translated literally, because this is a grammar\nconstruct that means \"almost\". For example:\n\n> 風邪を引きそうになった。\n\nThis means \"I almost caught a cold\". So the action doesn't actually happen, it\n**almost** happens.\n\nThat means that in your sentence, he regrets **almost** calling the boys by\nwrong names. Probably he still has those unconscious urges to call the boys\nincorrectly.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-02T12:14:04.987",
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{
"body": "**そうになる** is translated as **almost**. For example:\n\n 1. 駅で押されて、階段から **落ちそうになった** 。\n\nAt the station I was pushed, so I **almost fell** down the stairs.",
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| 52937 | 52938 | 52938 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52945",
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"body": "> そんな素敵なライブにナレーションで参加させて頂けて本当に嬉しいです\n\nWhat does that sentence mean? I'm confused with the use of particle \"de\"\nthere. As far as I know, \"de\" is used to indicate location or time of action.\nAnd ナレーション is neither location nor time.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "The use of particle \"de\"",
"view_count": 206
} | [
{
"body": "This で is used for indicating \"way\",\"means\",\"role\". ナレーションで参加する means \"to join\nsomething in a role of narration\".\n\nFor example, 私は、エキストラで映画に出た(I appeared as an extra in a movie).",
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| 52939 | 52945 | 52945 |
{
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"body": "Is it true that the meaning of 忌々しい is \"annoying\"?\n\nWhat is the root word of 忌々しい and its meaning? Is it 忌まう?",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology",
"morphology",
"reduplication"
],
"title": "Meaning of 忌々しい",
"view_count": 417
} | [
{
"body": "The word it's based of is 忌む, which means to avoid (jinx). 忌々しい stands for\nsuch attribution as one wants to avoid.",
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"body": "### Verb stem + -しい adjectives in general\n\nExpanding on user4092's answer, and in the spirit of exploring word formation\npatterns, it is worth noting that there are various -しい adjectives that derive\nfrom the 未然形【みぜんけい】 (incomplete form) of verbs. Examples:\n\n * 疑【うたが】わしい _\"suspicious, fishy\"_ , from 疑【うたが】う _\"to doubt, to suspect\"_\n * 優【やさ】しい _\"kind\"_ (evolving from _\"modest\"_ , from earlier senses of _\"shameful, embarrassing\"_ from the idea of _\"shying away or shrinking from view\"_ ), from 痩【や】す (modern 痩【や】せる _\"to become skinny\"_ )\n * 床【ゆか】しい _\"elegant\"_ , from 行【ゆ】く _\"to go\"_ , from the sense of _\"something you want to go towards\"_\n * 懐【なつ】かしい _\"dear, nostalgic\"_ , from 懐【なつ】く _\"to take to someone, to find someone dear\"_ → of similar meaning to 慣【な】れ付【つ】く, with the initial な perhaps a contraction of, or cognate to, 慣【な】れ\n * 腹立【はらだ】たしい _\"irritating, provoking\"_ , from 腹立【はらだ】つ _\"to become angry\"_\n * 難【むずか】しい _\"difficult\"_ , from 憤【むつ】く (modern 憤る, read as むつかる in the Kansai and むずかる in the Kantō, meaning _\"to become peevish\"_ )\n * 好【この】ましい _\"preferable, desirable\"_ , from 好【この】む _\"to prefer\"_\n * 慎【つつ】ましい _\"humble, modest; frugal\"_ , from 包【つつ】む _\"to wrap something up (and keep it inside something else); to conceal\"_ , from the sense of keeping one's thoughts to oneself and not boasting, or of keeping one's money and not spending it\n\nWe can infer from the list above that the general sense of 未然形【みぜんけい】 verb\nstem + -しい seems to be _\"evoking the quality of the root verb\"_.\n\n### 忌々しい in specific\n\nAs user4092 explained, the root of 忌々【いまいま】しい is not verb 忌【い】まう, but rather\nverb 忌【い】む _\"to avoid something (as unfortunate or taboo)\"_. (For that matter,\n忌【い】まう derives from the 未然形【みぜんけい】 of 忌【い】む + auxiliary verb\n[ふ](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%B5), which indicates repeated or\nongoing action or state.) Given the meaning of the root verb, and the pattern\nof -しい adjective formation, we can arrive at the meaning of 忌々しい as _\"evoking\na quality of avoidance, as of misfortune or taboo\"_ → _\"detestable\"_.\n\nReduplication of 未然形【みぜんけい】 verb stems in -しい adjectives, as in the formation\nof 忌々【いまいま】しい, seems to be quite unusual. A quick survey of my dictionaries to\nhand turns up various -しい adjectives based on reduplication, but none of them\nreduplicate the 未然形【みぜんけい】 verb stems **of 五段活用【ごだんかつよう】 verbs** (where the\nvowel on the end of the verb stem changes for each conjugation form; often\ncalled \"Group 1\", \"five-row\", or \"quintigrade\" in English). 忌【いま】しい without\nreduplication does exist in the historical record, but according to my dead-\ntree copy of Shogakukan's 国語大辞典【こくごだいじてん】, this appears in the [Edo\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period) and has already fallen out\nof use, while reduplicated 忌々【いまいま】しい appears much earlier in the [Heian\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_period), showing up in the\n源氏物語【げんじものがたり】.\n\nIn conclusion, 忌々【いまいま】しい seems exceptional in its formation, but quite\nstraightforward in its meaning and structure.\n\n### Update\n\nThe bold above about 五段活用【ごだんかつよう】 verbs follows a helpful comment from\nmacraf, pointing out the existence of other reduplicated-verb-root -しい\nadjectives for 一段活用【いちだんかつよう】 verbs (where the vowel on the end of the verb\nstem _doesn't_ change for each conjugation form; often called \"Group 2\", \"one-\nrow\", or \"monograde\" in English). Examples include:\n\n * 馴【な】れ馴【な】れしい _\"overly familiar\"_ , from 馴【な】れる _\"to become used to something, to get familiar with something\"_\n * 猛猛【たけだけ】しい _\"fierce, aggressive; cheeky, impudent\", from 猛【たけ】る _\"to be rough and ready; to get angry; to become high-spirited or excited\"_ , and possibly cognate with 高【たか】い _\"high, tall\"_ from the idea of _\" **high** spirits\"_\n * 冴【さ】え冴【ざ】えしい _\"extremely clear and bright\"_ , from 冴【さ】える _\"to become clear and bright\"_\n * ふてぶてしい _\"brazen, impudent\"_ , from ふてる _\"to take a contrary or oppositional attitude, to force one's own way\"_\n * 晴【は】れ晴【ば】れしい _\"bright, shiny, sunny\"_ , from 晴【は】れる _\"to become bright and sunny\"_",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 52940 | null | 53064 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this line from a song about summer things (I previously asked about the\nsame song [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/52926/what-\ndoes-%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A-mean)...), I'm just\nslightly confused.\n\n> 図書館涼しくて 7時でも明くて \n> _toshokan suzushikute shichiji de mo akarukute_\n\nWhen translating literally, I'd say it means\n\n> The library is cool, it's bright even at 7 o'clock\n\nBut I'm kind of missing how this piece fits into the theme of summer. With the\nartist describing the library as \"cool/refreshing\", does he possibly mean that\nit's one of the only places around with A/C? It would make sense if it's a\nrural area, but I was wondering if this maybe has some sort of cultural\nconnotation to it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-02T17:42:10.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52941",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does \"the library is cool\" have to do with summer?",
"view_count": 111
} | [
{
"body": "It depends on how old the lyrics writer was and what environment they\nbelonged. It depends on the financial state of them. I think they are not so\nrich.\n\nFurthermore, it depends on where they lived.\n\nIf they were students and had to spend the whole day at home during the summer\nvacation, it might be expensive to use the A/C whole day long. Their parents\nwould not allow it, although it is not likely these days. Going outside to a\nbeach or a mountain seems fun but very hot. If they have to do their homework,\na library might be a perfect place. If they only have to kill time, a library\nmight still be a perfect place. They can kill time all day long and it is\ncompletely free. No money is needed. If they go to a department store, they\nhave to keep walking and would be tired. If they go to a family restaurant or\nMcDonald's, they have to pay some money and they can't stay there more than a\ncouple of hours. Young people would never think, but the elderly people would\nprevent to use the A/C in order to save money, and they sometimes even suffer\nfrom heat strokes these days. For this reason, I'd like to know how old the\nwriter is or how old the parents of the writer are.\n\nI don't know whether this is a particular Japanese culture or not, but a\nJapanese can think of the merit of a library with no difficulty.\n\nFurthermore, in the west of Japan, seven o'clock in the evening in the summer\nis still light outside. Therefore, the location might be the east or the\nmiddle of Japan.\n\nHope this helps!",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 52941 | 52946 | 52946 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52947",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> だいたい、どうして乗れもしないギアに乗ろうなんてしたのよ?\n\nI think the translation is \"Why did you get into the gear you can’t even ride,\nanyway?\"\n\nI guess なんて here emphasizes the previous part (乗れもしないギアに乗ろう), but I can't\nreally understand using of 乗ろう. ～ろう forms volitional or presumptive verbs and\nit doesn't seem to work here.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-02T19:36:41.497",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 乗ろうなんてした mean here?",
"view_count": 268
} | [
{
"body": "なんて is phonic change from など と. In short, 乗ろうなんてした is the same as 乗ろう など と した\nor \"tried to do such a thing as getting into\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-02T23:15:19.097",
"id": "52947",
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"body": "I think the other answers are fine.\n\nI have had different image. He had made an attempt to do it, but failed it.\n\nWhy did you foray into riding the Gear you never had made it?",
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| 52943 | 52947 | 52947 |
{
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"body": "Literally it means \"the risk is a spring\", but that doesn't really make sense.\n\nthe original context:\n\n> もしも旅団ではない者にこの能力を使ってしまった場合！！即座にオレ自身が命を失うようプログラムされている！！ \n> これは制約と誓約！！覚悟の証！！ **リスクはバネ** ！！制約と覚悟が大きい程念は強く働く！！",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T00:15:29.263",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"metaphor"
],
"title": "meaning of リスクはバネ",
"view_count": 302
} | [
{
"body": "If バネ is being used metaphorically to mean 行動を起こすきっかけ as mentioned by\nl'électeur, and きっかけ = リスク and 行動 = 念を強化するの, then in this context, an\nequivalent phrase would be リスクは念を強化するのを起こす.",
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| 52950 | null | 52991 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52956",
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"body": "Given that Japanese uses a noun to express that something is liked, how would\nyou use it in relative clause?\n\nI was trying to write \"Touhou Music I Like\" in Japanese for a YouTube\nplaylist, but suddenly realized I simply didn't know how to even begin writing\nit, and had to settle for 東方の音楽 instead.\n\nSo ya, can't use 東方の音楽が好きだ私, so what would I use? Please explain in a way that\ncan be extrapolated to apply to other scenarios too, btw.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"relative-clauses",
"nouns"
],
"title": "How would you say \"Music I Like\"? (Using Nouns In Relative-Clauses)",
"view_count": 305
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{
"body": "It might help to realise that 好き is an adjective.\n\nThus, 'music I like' is as easy as 好きな音楽 - 'liked music', to translate it very\ndirectly. For 'Touhou music I like', 好きな東方音楽 would do just fine.\n\nIf you're not also creating a playlist for music someone else likes, then you\ncan leave 私 out entirely.\n\nAs for 東方の音楽が好きだ私, you might benefit from a breakdown of the issues with it:\n\nAs it stands, this is a full sentence. It sounds like 私 is a very backgrounded\ntopic, something like how some UK English dialects might say 'I like Touhou\nmusic, I do'.\n\nIf you want to put 好き in front of something, you're probably intending to\nmodify it. To do this, you have to change 好きだ to 好きな, using the relative\nclause forming form (rentaikei) of だ.\n\nUnfortunately, this change (to 東方の音楽が好きな私) makes it a noun phrase where the\nhead is 'me' - it comes out sounding like 'me, who likes Touhou music'. You'd\nneed to put 音楽 where 私 is now.\n\nThis leaves you with 私が好きな東方の音楽. Because 好き doesn't line up quite right with\nthe English word 'like', this comes out as 'the Touhou music that likes me'. X\n**が** 好きなY is 'the Y that likes X' - to make it 'the Y that X likes', you need\nthe が to be は or に, and since は isn't permitted in subordinate clauses like\nthis one, you need に. (Overall, 好き works like this: LIKERは/に LIKEDが 好き)\n\nThis gives you 私に好きな東方の音楽, which is decently serviceable. As I mentioned\nabove, you don't really need 私に if you don't plan to contrast this with\nplaylists of Touhou music that other people like. And as for 東方の音楽 vs. 東方音楽, I\nmight be wrong here, but 東方の音楽 sounds like 'music from Touhou' (i.e. Touhou is\na specific work) while 東方音楽 sounds like 'Touhou music' (i.e. Touhou music is a\ncategory of music). So to me, without further context, the most naturalistic\ntranslation is 好きな東方音楽.",
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"body": "The basic argument structure for 好き（だ） is\n\n```\n\n ① **が** ②が 好き（だ）\n \n```\n\nWhere ① is the the liker and ② is the thing being liked.\n\nIn main clauses, the first argument (if expressed at all) would typically be\ntopicalized unless you had a specific reason not to do so:\n\n```\n\n ① **は** ②が 好き（だ）\n \n```\n\nA constituent is topicalized by adding は and possibly moving it to the front\nof the clause. But when は is added to が, you get the impossible sequence *がは,\nso the が must be omitted.\n\nIn a relative clause, though, you can't do this (topicalization is a main\nclause phenomenon), so the underlying が is retained:\n\n```\n\n 1. 私 **は** （この）東方の曲が 好き（だ） ← _main clause_\n 2. 私が ~~東方の曲が~~ 好き **な** 東方の曲 ← _relative clause_\n \n```\n\nIn example 1, we have a main clause, so we can topicalize the first argument\nand omit だ. \nIn example 2, we have a relative clause; the second argument (thing being\nliked) has been pulled out of the clause and moved into head position, so the\nrelative clause modifies it.\n\nIn relative clauses, だ takes its noun-modifying form な and cannot be omitted.\n\nThe liker can optionally under go が-の conversion in a relative clause:\n\n```\n\n 2. 私 **が** 好きな東方の曲\n 3. 私 **の** 好きな東方の曲\n \n```\n\nBut it cannot be marked with に:\n\n```\n\n 4. *私 **に** 好きな東方の曲\n \n```\n\nThis is ungrammatical unless it's part of a larger sentence in which a\nfollowing predicate licenses に, as 好き（だ） does not license a dative-nominative\n(に-が) argument structure.",
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| 52954 | 52956 | 52956 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "62460",
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"body": "I'm trying to understand the below phrase, but having difficult with the\n\"愛の響き合い\" and \"繋ぎ合わせる\" portions: (See\n[here](https://kakuyomu.jp/works/1177354054880721135/episodes/1177354054880721477)\nfor more context if needed, it's the first paragraph)\n\n> 皆、朝日を望みながら、必死で働いている. 生まれては消える、そのくり返しを、 **愛の響き合い** で **繋ぎ合わせ** ながら。\n\n\"愛の響き合い\" seems to literally be \"the resonance of love\", but from what I gather\nthis is not a common expression, and I'm having trouble grasping what it\nmeans. Could it be referring to relationships?\n\nAlso, the use of the verb \"繋ぎ合わせる\" is a little confusing here. My guess is it\nis close to something like \"eking out a living\" (similar to the phrase 命をつなぐ).\nIf someone could confirm that, I'd appreciate it.\n\nWhile I am talking about this phrase, a final question relates to the use of\nくりかえし. It clearly seems to be referring to the cycle of birth and death (lit:\n'being born and disappearing'). However, do you feel this implies the same\n'individuals' are being (reborn), or that each 'individual' is only living one\nlife.\n\nIn case the context matters, the setting of this story is where 'letters' live\nin a city that is in the the mind of a fiction author.\n\nUPDATE: My eventual goal is to translate this, however I am not asking for\nsomeone to do it for me. Nonetheless, I will give my best guess so far\n(focusing on the second sentence above) as it may indicate whether I am in the\nright direction or not.\n\n_They all eked out a living as part of the endless cycle of birth and death,\nwith only love to help them through it._\n\nUPDATE:\n\nI have long back posted my translation for this work online (with the full\npermission of the author). If you are interested in reading it to see how I\nrendered this portion, you can check it out\n[here](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2017/09/06/japanese-novel-translation-\ncube-city-%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%93%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82-by-ikkai-\ninubousaki-%E7%8A%AC%E5%90%A0%E5%9F%BC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%8B-chapter-1-part-1/).\n\nI'm glad I left this open since it generated some interesting discussion, but\nI think it's time I close it now. I'll mark the latest answer from Kana since\nI think it is the most thorough and provides the most insight.\n\nAfter reading some of these newer responses I might have changed my\ntranslation, but I will leave it as-is, at least for now.\n\nUPDATE2:\n\nSo to not make people go to my site I will just post my translation of the\nfirst paragraph of the story, and I have italicized the sentence in question.\n\nEveryone worked throughout the night. This was only natural, since in this\nplace–a city without a sun–there was nothing but night. In Idea City, the\nmorning held off until the very last day: the day the world ended. _They all\nworked themselves to the bone in the hope of one day seeing the morning sun,\neking out a living as part of the endless cycle of birth and death, bound\ntogether by love._ But just as this thought came to mind, the ground beneath\nme lurched.",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"愛の響き合い\" and \"繋ぎ合わせる\" in a tricky phrase",
"view_count": 478
} | [
{
"body": "As you say, this is an unusual choice of words, which is presumably designed\nto make you feel like the phrase has a deep meaning and make you think.\n\nI'd say `繋ぎ合わせる` means \"weave them together.\" The original page you linked to\nis gone, so I can't see the context of this paragraph. \"Eke out\" feels like\nyou are stretching something, and I personally don't feel that nuance in this\nword, though other parts of the sentence, like `必死で` carries that meaning.\n\nAs for `くり返し`, I agree with you that it refers to the cycle of birth and\ndeath, but given that the subject of the sentence is `皆`, it's pretty\nreferring to people coming and going, and I don't think there's anything\nparticularly here that makes you feel like individuals are reborn.\n\nAdding it all up, for me the overall picture is that of a tapestry. Each of\nus/them are mortal, but they connect together through reciprocal love (parents\nand child, neighbors to neighbors, man to woman, etc), and together we/they\nweave a bigger story that carries on. It's a beautiful emotionally charged\npicture, albeit a common one.",
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"creation_date": "2018-06-24T23:35:51.283",
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"body": "I'm going to see how much I can write out without giving it away, so it will\nbe pretty short.\n\n**愛の響き合い**\n\nThis is definitely uncommon, mainly because common Japanese does not allow for\na flexible expression of emotions the way English does (it _is_ from a high-\ncontext culture after all), and also because \"愛\" is really not used that much\nin everyday speech. For \"響き合い\", I would say resonance or harmony, interpreted\nas interactions (see: \"harmony\" in music) based on a shared love, is a good\nstart for understanding the phrase.\n\n**繋ぎ合わせる**\n\nPreface: since we are talking about Japanese, where each letter carries\nmeaning, we should think in terms of words in English.\n\nPut literally this means, \"To make connect to each other\", right? Well think\nabout what happens when words are connected. When you connect words, you\ncreate meaning, intent, all sorts of communication which we take for granted\nevery day. I think you should try this perspective when reading the sentence,\nas I believe that this sentence is a metaphor for real life from beginning to\nend. To that end, you should also consider why \"Connecting together the\nrepeated cycles of life and death\" is important (くりかえしを、繋ぎ合わせる）.\n\n**Extra Point**\n\n\"働いている\" probably carries a double meaning in this sentence. Specifically\nbecause we are talking about a subject that only exists to convey meaning, it\nprobably has a deeper message than just \"to work\". I think a contextually\ncomplete translation of this sentence will look very different from the\noriginal Japanese. Look at the letters as an existence which only begin to\ncarry meaning when they work together, and I think that's where your answer\nis. Also, try restructuring the sentence to \"textbook Japanese\" (put the ながら\nclause before the first sentence), and see if that helps you think about how\nto translate it.\n\nLet me know what you think!\n\nEdit: Added more to the answer and fixed grammar",
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"creation_date": "2018-10-23T16:03:10.860",
"id": "62361",
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"body": "First, these sentences are all metaphors, the unique expression of the author.\nEspecially in novels, it’s one of the common structures to put a metaphor at\nfirst to let readers figure out what it actually implies by reading through\nthe following chapters.\n\n\"愛の響き合い\" \n愛=love, 響く= this word has several meanings; echo/resound/touching (it can\nrefer to echoes of physical sounds as well as something emotional that impacts\nyour mind), 合う=to each other. \nSo, it literally indicates something like \"Echoes of love are touching\neveryone’s mind to each other.\" \nThe author didn’t make it clear what kind of love it was, though, you could\nguess that it refers to love between \"letters\". The reason for it is that the\nsubject of the first sentence is \"皆(=letters)\", and it refers to hard everyday\nlives of \"letters\".\n\n\"そのくり返し\" \nIt literally can be interpreted as \"くり返し(the cycle)\" of \"その(it)\". So, you get\nto figure out what the \"その(it)\" refers to.\n\n\"生まれては消える\" works as an adjective which modifies \"その繰り返し\". You could guess\n\"そのくり返し\" indicates something is born and dies repeatedly.\n\n\"(その) It\" seems to be referring to something everyone builds up through day-\nto-day hard work (it can be guessed from the former context).\n\n→\n皆、朝を望みながら必死で働いてる。(でも、必死に働いて作り上げたものは)生まれては消えてのくり返しだ。(それでも、)愛の響き合いでなんとかそれ(生まれては消えてをくり返す何か)を繋ぎ合せている。\n\n\"繋ぎ合わせる\" \nIt literally means \"connect to each other\". \nThis part implies \"connect something, which is born and dies repeatedly, to\neach other\".\n\n→ 愛の響き合いでなんとかそれ(生まれては消えてをくり返す何か)を繋ぎ合せている。 \nReaders have no idea what the \"それ(Smth repeats the life cycle)\" is at this\nmoment. The author didn’t make it clear intentionally so that readers can\nenjoy figuring out through further readings.\n\nConsidering the following paragraphs, \"生まれては消える何か\" clearly refers to \"ideas\nbuilt by words (言葉たち) which are created and destroyed by 'erasers' over and\nover again.\"\n\nWords that live in the idea city work hard desperately, but the ideas they\nbuild are destroyed by \"erasers\". The ideas repeat this life cycle, but\n\"words\" are trying to connect these ideas with love. \n\"愛-Love\" among \"words\" is illustrated by ゆらぎ子 and 絶対夫. However, it seems to be\nreferring to the general love of every word, not only these two’s relationship\n(when considering \"愛を繋ぎ合わせながら\").\n\n<http://inubousaki-ikkai.kir.jp/denshokai/rippoutaitoshi/>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-10-27T13:05:05.563",
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| 52957 | 62460 | 62460 |
{
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"body": "質問があるんですが、「かしら」と「かな」は終助詞ですね。どう違いますか？どう使った方がいいんですか？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T04:38:23.077",
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"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "The usage of かな and かしら",
"view_count": 544
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{
"body": "意味は同じです。どちらも何かを疑問に思う時に使います。\n\nしかし、「かしら」は（現実では東京の一地方の方言、創作では女性の役割語であって）あまり標準語とは言えないので、特に使わなくていいと思います。",
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| 52959 | 52965 | 52965 |
{
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"body": "I'd suppose the answer would generally be yes depending on who you're talking\nto but I'm a bit unsure.\n\nJust wondering if it isn't weird to speak very casually online",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T04:42:47.263",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "would you use keigo online?",
"view_count": 626
} | [
{
"body": "If you are using a social network tool, probably you don't have to worry about\nthe words so much. Other than that, It's possibly better for you to use keigo\nin order to be understood by other people.",
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"body": "for business (or what would normally be politely addressed eg to an estate\nagent, japanese teacher) emails, absolutely.\n\nMore 'anonymous' stuff like 2 chan, youtube comments etc you can be more\ncasual.\n\nBut if its an app where youre chatting with someone you dont know well (eg\nlanguage exchange, dating app etc) its worth being polite and maybe using\nkeigo",
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| 52960 | 53199 | 52962 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52964",
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"body": "I was reading Abe Shinzo's twitter for some explainable reason, and I found a\ntweet where he says 心を無にする. It feels wonderfully _Japanese_ to me given the\nfact that it involves heart and doing nothing, and while I can read it, I have\nno idea what exactly its actually trying to say, thus I ask... what does it\nmean?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T06:01:46.570",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is 心を無にする supposed to mean?",
"view_count": 245
} | [
{
"body": "心を無にする means 雑念をを取り払う. 雑念 means distraction. A dictionary says it means \"free\none's mind from worldly thoughts\", \"shut out idle thoughts from one's mind\".\nAnd it implies \"to focus something by eliminating distraction\".\n\nLeaders must decide many important things and receive lots of information from\nothers every day. There would be sometimes when they are confused with too\nmuch information. At such time, the phrase would be used.\n\nThis may be\nhelpful.[http://潜在意識なび.net/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E/%E5%BF%83%E3%82%92%E7%84%A1%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/](http://%E6%BD%9C%E5%9C%A8%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E3%81%AA%E3%81%B3.net/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E/%E5%BF%83%E3%82%92%E7%84%A1%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95/)",
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| 52961 | 52964 | 52964 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52967",
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"body": ">\n> 自然な話し方で話せるようになるためには、多くの日本人と色々な場面で話したり、日本の映画やドラマを見て、どんな場面で、どんな人が、どんな相手に、どんな話し方をしているかをよく観察するといいでしょう。\n\nThis is from the first reading of Tobira's second chapter. I actually have two\nquestions:\n\n 1. Which clause or verbs does といい modify? Does it modify only 「どんな場面で、どんな人が、どんな相手に、どんな話し方をしているかをよく観察する」, or does it also modify 「日本の映画やドラマを見て」and「多くの日本人と色々な場面で話したり」?\n 2. 話す and 見る connected to 観察する differently; the first uses たり, while the second uses て-form. Is this allowed? Why was this done?",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs",
"conditionals",
"reading-comprehension",
"modification"
],
"title": "Which clause(s) does といい modify in this sentence?",
"view_count": 90
} | [
{
"body": "1.Both 「多くの日本人と色々な場面で話したり」and\n「日本の映画やドラマを見て、どんな場面で、どんな人が、どんな相手に、どんな話し方をしているかをよく観察する」\n\n2.Because 日本の映画やドラマを見て connects the following phrase. It means \"When you watch\nJapanese dramas and movies, you should observe ～\"",
"comment_count": 6,
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| 52963 | 52967 | 52967 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52979",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is \"この人は本気ですか？\" correct?\n\nAny better ways to say this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T10:10:58.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52966",
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"owner_user_id": "25649",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do I say \"Is this person serious?\"",
"view_count": 492
} | [
{
"body": "> Is this person **serious**?\n\nAccording to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, there are two\npossible meanings for \"serious\" as:\n\n(1) not joking or pretending if someone is serious about something they say or\nplan to do, they really mean it and are not joking or pretending\n\n(2) quiet/sensible someone who is serious is very quiet and sensible, and does\nnot laugh and joke much\n\nFor (1), the given sentence will be intepreted as \"この人は真剣｛しんけん｝/本気｛ほんき｝ですか？\"\nor \"この人、真剣｛しんけん｝/本気｛ほんき｝ですか？\", and for (2) it will be as\n\"この人は真面目{まじめ}/生真面目｛きまじめ｝ですか？\" or \"この人、真面目{まじめ}/生真面目｛きまじめ｝ですか？\".",
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| 52966 | 52979 | 52979 |
{
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"body": "I wanna clarrified meaning of these words. Is that right 道々 is 'along the way'\nand mean of 口々 is 'bad mouthing'? Is there any chance that both of them have\nanother means?",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T10:25:41.670",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"reduplication"
],
"title": "Meaning of 道々 and 口々",
"view_count": 138
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{
"body": "The meaning of \"along the way\" is rare and that of \"every road\" is far more\ndominant for 道々.\n\n口々 doesn't mean \"bad mouthing\" but \"every mouth\". It almost only appears in\nthis set phrase: （人々は、みな）口々に言う (Everyone says).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T14:06:26.127",
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| 52968 | null | 52980 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52973",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was just wondering what is the translation for \"いいのにな\" in English. I'm kind\nof confused about that \"のに\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T10:42:04.327",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of \"いいのにな\"?",
"view_count": 1827
} | [
{
"body": "It would be helpful if you gave the whole sentence, but you can probably take\nit as, 'it would good if ... but this is (unfortunately) not the case', which\nexpresses a wish or regret.\n\nFor example, おばあちゃんがいるといいのにな\n\nI wish grandma was here.\n\nThe な gives the sentence more feeling and makes it sound like the speaker is\ntalking to themselves.\n\n<http://www.tanos.co.uk/jlpt/skills/grammar/sentences/?grammarid=367>",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 52969 | 52973 | 52973 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "At the moment I can only remember 気持ちいい and 気持ち悪い, but I am sure there are\nmore adjectives like this. They consist of a noun and then an adjective. I'm\nconfused about them because I've seen 気持ちの悪い and I don't know how this would\ntranslate (feeling's bad?).\n\nIf I wanted to use adjectives like this on their own, do I just say it like\n「それが気持ち悪い」? Also, if I wanted to modify a noun, would I then use it like so:\n「気持ちの悪い人」?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T11:34:29.833",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "How do I use adjectives like 気持ち悪い?",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's taken as either one adjective or combination of a noun and an\nadjective.\n\nSo, you can say either それが 気持ち悪い or それが 気持ちが 悪い, likewise 気持ち悪い人 or 気持ちの悪い人 in\nmodifying clauses.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 52971 | null | 53005 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52976",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to say \"Alive animals that arrive to Europe\" and my attempt would\nbe something like ヨロッパに着く生きている動物が..\" but it seems kinda wrong to concatenate\nthe two verbs in that way. I'm not sure if by simply changing 着く to 着いて would\nmake any sense.\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T12:02:32.927",
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"owner_user_id": "9478",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Concatenating two verbs to describe a noun",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "> Alive animals that arrive to Europe ヨーロッパに着く生きている動物が..\n\nYour attempt in Japanese somewhat makes sense, but not so good.\n\nGoogle translation gives me as: ヨーロッパに到着｛とうちゃく｝した生きている動物, but the expression\nisn't natural though it makes sense.\n\nMy attempt is as follows depending on the situation how the animals arrive to\nEurope:\n\n> (1) 生きてヨーロッパに到着｛とうちゃく｝した動物 or 生きてヨーロッパに着｛つ｝いた動物 \n> (2) 生きたままヨーロッパに到着した動物\n\nIn (1), the animals arrive to Europe after their making great effort such as\nswimming across the Atlantic Ocean. \nOn the other hand, in (2), these animals are very weak to be carried alive, so\nit was very lucky this time that they could carry them to Europe alive.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T12:39:10.260",
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| 52972 | 52976 | 52976 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52999",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I tried to translate the phrase, 'I was so angry I could kill him', but I was\ntold by my Japanese girlfriend that, 'aitsu wo koroseru gurai okotta', was\nunnatural and, 'gaman dekinai gurai okotta', was better.\n\nThis is in the context of my explaining 'could' to her to express feeling or\nextent in English. The sentence comes from a textbook.\n\nWhat is the best way to translate this sentence in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T12:40:43.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say I was so angry I could kill him in Japanese",
"view_count": 588
} | [
{
"body": "I agree with your girlfriend's comment. I do not know if this translation\nlooks like a textbook answer, but another way to translate that sentence would\nbe 彼を殺そうかと思うくらい怒った(Kare wo korosou kato omou kurai okotta). Putting it more\nformally, 殺意を抱くほどの怒りを覚えた (Satsui wo idaku hodono ikari wo oboeta).",
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| 52977 | 52999 | 52999 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52982",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here's the full sentence.\n\nうちっちーの中にはグロスやらなんや\n\nWhat does なんや mean? Also, about particle \"やら\", does \"グロスやら\" means \"lip gloss\nand things like that\" or does it denote uncertainty about the gloss?\n\nHere's the link for the context.\n<https://twitter.com/Saito_Shuka/status/903899104664731652>\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T13:16:03.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52978",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles",
"learning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of なんや in the end of sentence?",
"view_count": 859
} | [
{
"body": "> うちっちーの中にはグロスやらなんや\n\nBefor examining the given sentence, let's study the following phrases.\n\n> (1) なんやらかんやら (なんやら-かんやら) \n> (1)' 何｛なん｝やら彼｛かん｝やら (何｛なん｝やら-彼｛かん｝やら) \n> (2) **なんやかんや (なんや-かんや)** \n> (2)' 何｛なん｝や彼｛かん｝や (何｛なん｝や-彼｛かん｝や) \n> (3) なんだかんだ (なんだ-かんだ) \n> (3)' 何｛なん｝だ彼｛かん｝だ (何｛なん｝だ-彼｛かん｝だ) \n> (4) なんだかだ (なんだ-かだ) \n> (4)' 何｛なん｝だ彼｛か｝だ (何｛なん｝だ-彼｛か｝だ)\n\nNote: We usually don't insert a dash/hyphen like that in the parenthesis. I\nonly place it to tell you to pronounce the phrase with making a short pause at\nthe dash is placed for your convenience.\n\nThese phrases all has the same meaning like _something or other_ ; _one thing\nor another_ ; _this or that_.\n\n> does \"グロスやら\" means \"lip gloss and things like that\"?\n\nYour understanding is correct.\n\nI think the writer wanted to say like:\n\n> \"There are various things like a lip gloss and the like in the うちっちー pouch\". \n> うちっちーの中にはグロスやら **、** なんや **かんや入｛はい｝ってます！**\n\nやら in グロス **やら** comes from the usage of やら in \"(1) なん **やら** かん **やら** \" that\nmeans like \"and the like\". So I said your understanding is correct.\n\nAnd なんや in グロスやら **なんや** comes from \"(2) **なんや** かんや\" by omitting かんや.\n\nI think グロスやらなんやかんや is more formally natural than グロスやらなんや, but the writer\nchose グロスやらなんや because she thought the formal expression sounds or looks a\nlittle tedious.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T14:57:28.997",
"id": "52982",
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| 52978 | 52982 | 52982 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 逮捕しといてくれ。\n\nI know the sentence is a command/plea, and that's why くれ, but I don't\nunderstand the しといて. Why is that or what does it mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T14:56:56.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52981",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25075",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"contractions",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Explanation of the grammar in 逮捕しといてくれ。",
"view_count": 764
} | [
{
"body": "しといて is a contraction of しておいて (cf. ておく : do something as preparation for some\npurpose). Arrest him so he doesn't cause any more trouble.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T15:02:01.573",
"id": "52983",
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| 52981 | null | 52983 |
{
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"body": "I have heard from someone that phrases with ご無沙汰 imply \"guilt for not staying\nin touch\".\n\nWhile I know this can be the case if words like \"申し訳ありません\" are used, is it\ntrue that ご無沙汰 always indicates guilt?\n\nMy feeling is this word is more neutral and does not necessarily indicate\nguilt.\n\nFor reference, this comment was made in context of comparing ご無沙汰 to 暫く and\n久しぶり.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T15:14:31.617",
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"id": "52984",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Does ご無沙汰 imply guilt for not staying in touch?",
"view_count": 874
} | [
{
"body": "I think 'guilt' is a bit strong, but there is certainly an element of mild\napology contained in the phrase (as with many Japanese phrases). Perhaps\nsomething like \"I've left it too long to contact you, but ...\" or \"It's been\nfar too long, but...\" . Something along those lines.\n\nSo, not guilt and not quite an apology, but rather a courteous way of saying\nthat you've left it a bit long before contacting someone again.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-20T14:29:16.277",
"id": "53388",
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{
"body": "I think it implies guilt only in the same sense that Japanese people often\napologize for things that many people in other countries do not apologize for.\n\nFor example, in Japan people often apologize for sending \"unsolicited emails\"\nbut really the \"unsolicited email\" is about something that the recipient and\nsender have already talked about, both parties want to continue talking about,\nand is not an unsolicited email.\n\nSimilarly, ご無沙汰 is generally just a formality of expressing guilt for things\nthat people in many other countries would not express guilt for.\n\nIt's more formal and implies more guilt than 久しぶり.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-17T00:07:49.827",
"id": "55991",
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"body": "> My feeling is this word is more neutral and does not necessarily indicate\n> guilt.\n\nYou are right. at least \"Today\", the word ご無沙汰 is neutral.\n\nCheck the Youtube and search by the word ご無沙汰\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/resultssearch_query=%E3%81%94%E7%84%A1%E6%B2%99%E6%B1%B0>\n\nThe result shows the first 4 are about stories between woman and its boyfriend\n( or vice versa ) who have not had sexual contact for certain period of time (\nmostly long ).\n\nThe 6th result is a song by Takurou Yoshida, とんとご無沙汰, which is a love song\nabout a male and a female who love each other but have not met for a long\ntime.\n\nSo you can use ご無沙汰 perfectly neutrally.\n\n( Though some say, ご無沙汰しています。申し訳御座いません。\"I apologize that I have not sent you a\nletter etc. )",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-01-17T10:42:56.227",
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| 52984 | null | 55991 |
{
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"body": "So I need to write a short essay about an interesting experience I had for\nschool and I decided to write about a cooking class I went to.\n\nI'm trying to say\n\n> because I have been to a patisserie class, I did not learn anything new/I\n> did not learn any new techniques.\n\n(The context is dessert making.) But I'm not sure what the right word for\n'techniques' is. The word for 'technique' in the dictionary is 手法 but is the\ncontext correct for 'cooking techniques' because all the other words that mean\n'technique' are very specific.\n\nIn terms of the sentence I would like to write this but I'm not sure if it is\ncorrect.\n\n> パティスリーのクラスに行ったことがありますから、新しいtechniquesを習いませんでした。\n\nPreferably I would like to say 'I did not learn anything new' but I'm not sure\nhow to form that sentence. Would it be\n\n> 何も新しいを習いませんでした。\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T16:29:46.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52986",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say 'techniques' (as in cooking)",
"view_count": 234
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{
"body": "The word you are looking for for \"technique\" is 技術｛ぎじゅつ}. When you google\ntranslate it it comes through as technology, but it has more meanings than\nthat. (<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93-50443>)\n\nYou can slap 術 on the end of lots of things and mean techniques. So you could\nsay ベーキング術 to mean baking techniques.\n\n> パティスリーのクラスに行ったことがあったから、新しいベーキング術を習いませんでした。\n\nIf you just wanted to say \"I didn't learn anything\" you would say\n\n> あまり勉強にはなりませんでした。\n\nor\n\n> 何も新しいことを学びませんでした。",
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"creation_date": "2018-07-03T21:54:45.963",
"id": "59859",
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| 52986 | null | 59859 |
{
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"body": "So usually when saying 'I think' you use 'と思います' but that is normally used\nwith a single sentence like '美味しかったと思います。' But how do you say 'I think' when\nyou have multiple sentences? For example I am trying to say.\n\n> 'Is marriage or work more important for them?' If marriage is more\n> important, they should get married. If work is more important, they should\n> not get married and work, I think.'\n\nI have got this so far (I know that it is very bad so I'm sorry about it, I\nhaven't done many constructions like this before.)\n\n> この人のために、結婚か仕事は一番大切ですか。結婚は一番大切なら、結婚します。仕事は一番大切なら、結婚をしませんしはたらきます。\n\n(I'm sorry I know this paragraph is a grammatical mess.) I am answering a\nquestion so I would like to add 'I think' so it doesn't sound like I am saying\nshe should do this for certain.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T17:13:42.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "52987",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-05T05:04:25.273",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-03T17:27:33.223",
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"owner_user_id": "25653",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"I think\" if there is more than one sentence.",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "You would still use 思う in this case. Your translation has some problem though.\nFirst, you can't use ために like that, here I would use には. Second, you should\nuse その.\n\n> その人には、結婚と仕事のどちらが一番重要なことですか。\n\nYou don't need to repeat 一番大切 in the following part of your sentence.\n\n> 結婚なら結婚するべきで、仕事なら一生独身にして働くべきだということを、私は思う。\n\nI can't vouch that my phrases are perfectly natural but I can tell you for\nsure that in this case too, you would use nothing more than 思う but you should\nglue your sentence together.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-03T17:26:03.230",
"id": "52990",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-03T17:34:30.533",
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{
"body": "> how do you say 'I think' when you have multiple sentences?\n\nI think you could say 「～～て形、～～終止形 + べきだ + と思う」, as in...\n\n> その人にとって、結婚と仕事のどちらが（より）大切ですか。 \n> 結婚が（より）大切なら結婚 **して** 、仕事が（より）大切なら結婚｛しないで/せずに｝働くべき **だと思い** ます。\n\nYou could also use [大事]{だいじ} or [重要]{じゅうよう} instead of 大切.\n\nor...\n\n> その人にとって、結婚と仕事のどちら（の[方]{ほう}）が大事ですか。 \n> 結婚（の方）が大事なら結婚 **して** 、仕事（の方）が大事なら結婚｛しないで/せずに｝働くべき **だと思い** ます。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-05T04:57:04.273",
"id": "56415",
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"body": "I was trying to read [this editorial](http://editorial.x-winz.net/ed-73463)\nand I am really wondering how I should understand the following sentence.\n\n>\n> 露骨な介入の背景には、１０月の党大会を控えて権力基盤を強めたい思惑もあろう。｛｛江沢民{こうたくみん}政権時代の既得権益層が｛今も力を持つとされる｛石油や電力などの｝業界｝｝が、習{しゅう}指導部に忠誠を示すかどうかの判断材料とする｝ためである。\n\nHere is how I understand it, I included in parenthesis the word or group of\nwords I tried to translate.\n\n> In the background of this open intervention, reinforcing the basic\n> prerogatives seems to be a desired intention (思惑) of the upcoming (を控えて) one\n> party big meeting to be held in October. That is because (ため), the fact that\n> whether the electric and petroleum industry, which were regarded as powerful\n> under the Jiang Zemin (江沢民{こうたくみん}) leadership and still are (regarded as\n> powerful), will show their allegiance to the Xi leadership (習{しゅう}指導部) or\n> not will serve as decision material.\n\nI have real difficulties with how to render 思惑 in the first phrase, I am not\nsure to understand well を控えて and above all I can't make head or tail of ため in\nthe last sentence. The best I can think of is that ため goes with and explain\nthe first sentence that ends with あろう. But all of that is just mere\nsuppositions so I would be very grateful to anyone who could clarify this\nexcerpt.",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "How to parse this sentence and how to understand ため?",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "In short, 露骨な介入 is for the purpose（ため）of using it as criteria to judge if the\nelectro or petro industries obey to Xi.",
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| 52988 | 53006 | 53006 |
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"body": "I'm learning this word and the softwares I'm using (the package JLPT N4\nVocabulary Deck on Anki, and the app Takoboto, plus Google translation) tell\nme that sakan is pronunced \"sakau\" with a \"u\" sound at the end ! I'm confused.\n\nIs it really how this word is pronunced ? Or is it an error of translation ?\n\nedit:\n\nAcually, all the words finishing in -n that I've just tried on Google\ntranslation (konban, ichiban, nedan) finished with the sound \"u\" by the person\nspeaking.\n\nI wasn't aware this problem existed.",
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"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How is \"sakan\" (盛ん) really pronunced?",
"view_count": 277
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{
"body": "The Japanese ん can be a bit tricky because it is pronounced differentely\ndepending on where it is located in the sentence.\n\nI am not a linguist, so I cannot explain the behaviour using the appropriate\nterminology. As a rule of thumb, suffice it to say that ん will be vocalised\nwhen it is positioned at the end of a syllable or a word. Avoid pronouncing it\nlike an English \"n\" in those instances!\n\nTo learn more about how you should pronounce ん, check out the wikipedia page:\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology#Moraic_nasal>",
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"body": "What is the aspect in the following example for the word\n[窺う](http://jisho.org/search/%E7%AA%BA%E3%81%86)?\n\n> 2. to await (one's chance) _usually written using kana alone_\n>\n> 彼は発言の機会をうかがった。\n>\n> He watched for an opportunity to speak.\n>\n>\n\nDoes it mean:\n\n 1. He watched for an opportunity, but it did not happen.\n\n 2. He watched for an opportunity and he got one.\n\n 3. Whether he had a chance to speak or not, cannot be inferred.\n\nIs it possible to form sentences distinguishing between the situation 1. and\n2. using the verb 窺う? What form would it take?",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T21:33:35.163",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"aspect"
],
"title": "The aspect of the verb 窺う",
"view_count": 462
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{
"body": "It would mean No.3 because this うかがう means \"watch for an opportunity\" and we\ncan't infer whether he had a chance to speak or not without more sentences.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-01T15:31:33.253",
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"body": "from [goo](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/18017/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> **うかが・う〔うかがふ〕【×窺う】の意味**\n>\n> ［動ワ五（ハ四）］\n>\n> １ すきまなどから、ひそかにのぞいて見る。「鍵穴から中を―・う」\n>\n> ２ ひそかにようすを探り調べる。「顔色を―・う」「ライバル会社の動きを―・う」\n>\n> ３ 一部分から全体を推し量って知る。それとなくようす、状況を察する。\n>\n> 「意気込みのほどが―・われる」「その一斑 (いっぱん) を―・うことができる」\n>\n> ４ ようすを見て、好機の訪れるのを待ち受ける。「逃走の時機を―・う」\n>\n> ５ 一応心得ておく。\n>\n> 「弓射、馬に乗ること…必ずこれを―・ふべし」〈徒然・一二二〉\n>\n> ６ 調べ求める。調べ探す。\n>\n> 「近く本朝を―・ふに」〈平家・一〉\n>\n> [可能]うかがえる\n\nI think of the goo definitions, #4 gets your gist:\n\n> ようすを見て、好機の訪れるのを待ち受ける。 \n> To wait in reservation of a good moment to intercede/arrive while viewing\n> the situation. \n> _(my attempt at translating this entry)_\n\nI certainly get the feeling that the word is describing the act of waiting in\nanticipation of an event or time, in a way that is not explicit or alerting.\nIt implies a general sense of vigilance and of reserve. It does not\nnecessarily imply that the subsequent action was successfully performed, but\nthat the preparation of sensibility is being taken and achieved (such as\nwaiting with tact, viewing in stealth, what have you) in order to obtain the\nresult of moving into the next action (which in the case of your example,\nwould be speaking).\n\n**EDIT:** Wanted to expand because I feel I might not have answered the\nquestion in its entirety. I draw my conclusion not only from the meaning in\nentry #4 at goo, but as a combination of the other entries that pertain to\nthis word. All of the meanings have a similar sense of 忍び寄る, or, to come\ncreeping in opportunely. As I did state before, it does not give me any\ninference regarding what happens next. Therefore, I think the aspect of the\nsentence is like your choice #3, where the chance to speak or not cannot be\ninferred and needs to be more explicitly stated. To get the meaning of choices\n#1 and #2, you'd want to state it:\n\n> 彼は発言の機会をうかがったけど、機会が来なかった。 \n> He watched for an opportunity to speak, but it did not come.\n>\n> 彼は発言の機会をうかがって言った。 \n> He watched for an opportunity to speak and then he spoke.",
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"body": "I've seen a few topics on \"~てやる\" here (I do apologise in advance if this\nquestion overlaps too much with any previous answered posts), but I have a\nspecific question regarding the phrase \"やってやる\".\n\nI was told by a fellow Japanese learner that \"やってやる\" is a casual way of saying\n\"I'll do it for you\" so the nuance is + \"for someone\". However, my textbook\nonly lists the following definitions:\n\n> To do it/ to give it a go\n\nWith no mention of doing something specifically \"for someone\".\n\nIs the nuance indeed doing something \"for someone\" or is it just \"I'll do it\"\nregardless of whether your doing something for someone or not?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T21:39:53.823",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "The nuance of \"やってやる\"",
"view_count": 197
} | []
| 52993 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53002",
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"body": "> “それありき”で、あとから選手を選んでんじゃないか？\n> と。『Aブロック、10人選ばなきゃいけない』『じゃあ、まあしょうがないけど“コイツ”入れておこうか？』みたいな。なんかそういうのを凄く感じますよね、今年の最終リーグ戦を\n> **見ても** 。だから『そうじゃないだろう』と（言いたい）。\n\nIn the context the speaker is talking bad things about the organization of a\ntournament (リーグ戦). He talks about how they (the organization in charge) select\nthe participants of the tournament and then he says how much he hates it\n(凄く感じます). \nIs there something implied after 見ても?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-03T23:43:41.980",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "How to interpret 見ても in this paragraph?",
"view_count": 163
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{
"body": "A small but important correction - the 凄く感じます here doesn't mean anything about\nhatred (though there is of course negative feeling implied in the wider\ncontext). The 感じます simply has its usual meaning of \"feel\", and its object is\nそういうの, which refers back to the content of the previous sentences - the\nspeaker has a strong feeling/intuition that the organisation is choosing the\ntournament participants in this way.\n\nYour intuition that there should be something after 見ても is correct, but it\nisn't implied - it's simply been stated earlier in the sentence. This is a\nform of 倒置法, a grammatical phenomenon where elements in a sentence are\nreversed for emphasis, or (as is the case here) to better follow the speaker's\ntrain of thought.\n\nSo the original sentence here would be 今年の最終リーグ戦を見ても、そういうのを凄く感じます, literally\nsomething like \"Even from looking at this year's final tournament, I strongly\nget that kind of feeling.\" The 見て…感じます implies causation (looking at X, I feel\nY), and the も indicates that this year's final tournament is just one of many\nthings that makes the speaker feel that this is the case.",
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| 52995 | 53002 | 53002 |
{
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"body": "In English I can say \"what about X?\" to mean \"why did you mention X?\", \"what\nwere you going to say about X?\", \"what does it have to do with X?\" and so on.\n\nHow can I ask the same thing in japanese? In particular, in casual speach.\n\nNote that this is not what I'm asking about: \"I like sushi. **How about**\nyou?\"\n\nMy question about this: for example, we're walking with my friend and suddenly\nshe yells \"sushi!\". And then she says nothing. Strange. I don't get her and\nask her \"Sushi? **What about** sushi\"?",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-04T01:33:43.120",
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"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"spoken-language",
"casual"
],
"title": "\"What about X?\", one more meaning",
"view_count": 184
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{
"body": "I think the words you want are \"すしがどうした!\", \"なんですし?\", \"すしが何!\". I think there\nare many ways to say this.",
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| 52996 | 53012 | 53012 |
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"body": "Eg: \"What is it like for T-san to be jealous?\"\n\nIs it ヤキモチ焼きのTさんはどうですか？\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 10,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-04T02:14:36.390",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do you say \"what is like to be xx\"",
"view_count": 590
} | [
{
"body": "I think.\n\n\"What is it like for T-san to be jealous?\"\n\n**ヤキモチ焼くって、Tさんにとってどんな感じですか？**\n\nEdit 1:\n\nSo, did I make a mistake in English Grammar.\n\nWhat is it like (for you) to be a philosopher?\n\n**哲学者でいるって、あなたにとってどんな感じですか？**\n\n<http://www.whatisitliketobeaphilosopher.com/>\n\nYou can find a lot of interviews of philosophers on the page like the\nfollowing questions about their personalities.\n\nWhere did you grow up?\n\nWhat did your parents do?\n\nWas your family, were you, religious?\n\nand so on so forth...",
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{
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"body": "When I translate this sentence \"The stone could be anywhere.\" into Japanese,\nHow can I do that?\n\nI asked a native English speaker this meaning, he said it means \"The stone can\nonly be in one place but the possibilities are not limited and instead include\nthe entire universe.\"\n\nA word \"anywhere\" in an affirmative sentence is translated as どこにでも in\ndictionaries, so if I follow dictionaries, it would be translated as\nどこにでもあるだろう、but it means \"The stone could be everywhere\", doesn't it? So I\nthink it should be translated as \"どこかにあるだろう\".\n\nWhat do you think about this?\n\nIn addition context, this stone is \"the Stone of Scone\", on which Scotland\nKing sat in ancient times and stolen by England.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-04T02:52:29.107",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"polarity-items"
],
"title": "どこにでもある or どこかにある",
"view_count": 478
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{
"body": "固い表現でよくて他の文脈で意図を補足できるなら「その石はどこにでもありうる」でいいのかもしれませんが、普通のこなれた表現でいくなら「その石はどこにあってもおかしくない」でいかがでしょう。\n\n\" _the_ stone\"\nと言っている以上、「石ころなんて地面を見たらどこにでもある」と言いたいのではなく、特定の「石」の所在について話題にしているのですよね。そのネイティブスピーカーが言う通り、「その石自体は1個しかないはずだけど、存在する場所はまったく不明だ」という文脈が想定されます。\n\n従って、「その石はどこにでもあるだろう」は誤解を受けやすく、むしろ「その石はどこかに(は)あるのだろう」の方が近いと思います。ただこれだとちょっと無責任にも聞こえるので、「どこにあってもおかしくない」のような言い方の方がニュアンスとして近いことが多いかな、と思います。\n\n言うまでもありませんが、文脈によります。その「石」が、（「神の愛」とか「フロギストン」とか「暗黒物質」とかのように）直接認識しづらくともあらゆる場所に同時普遍的に存在する可能性があるモノなのであれば、「その石はどこにでもあるのかもしれない」といった訳が理論上はあり得ると思います。",
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| 52998 | 53000 | 53000 |
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"body": "I'm watching Ponyo, this is dialogue at 30:15:\n\n> お前達に農場の仕事を見せようなんて連れて来たのがいけなかったのだ。\n\nI'm not sure about ようなんて, what does that do grammatically? Anyway here's how I\nunderstand it:\n\n> It was not possible to bring you guys to watch farm work.\n\nBut the English version of the movie has:\n\n> Bringing you along to watch me was a mistake.\n\nIs the English version just taking liberties or am I wrong in my\ninterpretation?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-04T10:39:47.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53004",
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"owner_user_id": "13634",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Verb + ようなんて, what does that do?",
"view_count": 253
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{
"body": "\"[よう](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86-652682#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\"\nin this case is an auxilliary verb, indicating will/intent for something, in\n終止形{しゅうしけい}-form (more commonly known as dictionary form). The adverbial\nparticle\n\"[なんて](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A6-590615#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)\"\nis attached to verbs in that form, and it essentially means \"などという\" in\nJapanese. It's basically a way of bringing up actions such as that in a\ndisparaging way, \"something like x\".\n\nThe real problem, as people in the comments mentioned, is actually\n[いける](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B-202380#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\n(\"物事をうまくすることができる。うまくこなす\", \"To be able to do something well\"). Since the\nspeaker is explaining (のだ) that having brought them along to show them how it\nis to work on a farm did not go well, that was was translated as \"bringing you\nhere was a bad idea\".",
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| 53004 | null | 53010 |
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"body": "Can I say\n\n> お兄さんは結婚いたしております\n\ninstead of\n\n> お兄さんは結婚しております",
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"title": "Can I say お兄さんは結婚いたしております?",
"view_count": 187
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{
"body": "\"いたす\" is used for what \"I\" (the speaker) do when the opponent is superior. It\nis called \"謙譲語\". If you're talking about the brother of others, you should not\nuse this.\n\nIf you're talking about your own brother, you may say \"兄は結婚いたしております\".",
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| 53008 | 53011 | 53011 |
{
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"body": "> 面倒な手順の方が成功しそうじゃない？\n\nWhat is ～そう ? Is is the contrary of ～そうにない ? So it would mean something like :\n\"It's likely that you will succeed if you do it the hard way\" ?",
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"title": "Verb +～そう grammar",
"view_count": 379
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{
"body": "<https://www.italki.com/question/353833> \n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/129025/meaning/m0u/> \n\"～そう\" means \"it seems\", and \"～そうにない\" is the negative form. More literally,\nyour sentence would be \"Doesn't it seem likely that you will succeed if you do\nit the hard way?\", with \"じゃない?\" meaning \"doesn't/isn't it?\" here.",
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| 53009 | 53026 | 53026 |
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"body": "As I was browsing the Nintendo e-shop, I noticed a [new\ntitle](http://social.gust.co.jp/shiroyuri/) whose tagline is:\n\n> 美少女｛びしょうじょ｝と美少女と美少女が惹｛ひ｝かれあうRPG\n\n(Don't judge...)\n\nHow to interpret this 惹かれるあう? I understand that the appeal of the RPG are the\n(numerous) beautiful girls, but what nuance does it bring?\n\nMy dictionary only gives 会う/合う as possible writings for あう but I am not sure\nhow to interpret it.",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "What is this form: Vb + あう + Noun",
"view_count": 217
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{
"body": "A verb + しあう means \"to do together(each other), so 惹かれあう means \"to be\nattracted to each other\".\n\n美少女と美少女と美少女が惹かれあう modifies a noun \"RPG\".",
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| 53013 | 53018 | 53018 |
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"body": "I am new to writing formal letters in Japanese, and I am currently writing to\na kind person who will be very understanding if I make small mistakes, but I\nwould like to get as much right as possible.\n\nSearching in a dictionary or searching online you would find that there are\npairs of set phrases that roughly translate to \"Dear ...,\" and \"Sincerely,\n...\". One such combination would be 拝啓/敬具.\n\n<https://www.livinglanguage.com/blog/2016/06/30/composing-business-letters-in-\njapanese/>\n\nThe part I am confused about is wether to write a name after these, as most\nsites explaining this don't actually include an example. And even if one does,\nit is hard for me to see if they are writing something that is old fashioned\nor otherwise seen as quirky.\n\nHere's an example, where there is a name after 拝啓, but none after 敬具, and I\ndon't know if that is because the example ends before the name, or because you\naren't supposed to write a name there.\n\n<https://blogs.transparent.com/japanese/how-to-write-business-emails-in-\njapanese/>",
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"formality",
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"title": "Usage of beginning and end expressions in formal letters - include names?",
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{
"body": "I think you can use both 拝啓 and 敬具 without any additional information\nimmediately after them. You can find excellent instructional articles about\nit, but the most part in japanese, like [this one](https://docoic.com/354). As\nyou can see in red on sample image:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cLfkF.png)",
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| 53014 | 53017 | 53017 |
{
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"body": "I found this on my favorite seiyuu's IG. She's talking about a book.\n\n> もちろん未知なお話だけど、もしかしたらユリゴコロは誰でも胸の中に眠っているのではないのか、など共感出来る部分もあったり。\n\nMy understanding of the sentence above is despite the book is unheard of, she\nwants to tell us that the book (the content, the story, the feeling) is\nactually in our heart and we can sympathize with it. But why she chose to use\nではない there? Or is it related to のか or など?\n\nAlso, what's the translation of that sentence? Thanks!",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"learning",
"particle-など"
],
"title": "About ではない, のか and など",
"view_count": 1345
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{
"body": "ではないのか is one phrase. It means \"wonder\",\"suspect\". もしかしたら～ではないのか means \"I\nwonder that maybe ～.\"",
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"body": "These two phrases are different: ではない, ではないのか.\n\n**How different**\n\nThe former phrase ではない means to negate or deny something. The phrase is a\ndirect expression. See the following example.\n\n> 好きではない\n>\n> Not like; Dislike\n\nThe latter phrase ではないのか, usually in the form of ではないか, changes the direct\nexpression to an indirect expression that hints a suggestion or possible\noutcome. See adapted examples.\n\n> 好きではないのか\n>\n> Does [one] not like?\n>\n> 子供は本を好きではないのか。\n>\n> Don't children like books?\n\nAs a result, the last sentence is now open to more than one possibility of\nanswer: the children like books, the children dislike books, the children\nneither like nor dislike books. The direct expression earlier is now being\nquestioned and the answer could be any one of those.\n\n**What phrase after that**\n\nJapanese sentences could omit spacing between words and phrases, which makes a\nsentence difficult to be identified by parts. Consider the quoted part of\nsentence from above question.\n\n> ○○ではないのか、など○○\n\nWhat comes after 「○○ではないのか」 is a comma and 「など」 that means \"et cetera\". So the\nword など is related to the preceding phrase and not related to phrases after\nthat. One could have noticed this, if 「など○○」 had spacing in between.\n\nIn Japanese, the word 「など」 is often found in middle of a sentence, and seldom\nfound at the end of a sentence. The trend is opposite in English, in which the\nword \"et cetera\" is often found at the end of sentences.\n\n**What seiyuu says and why**\n\nNow returning to the quoted sentence from the seiyuu, followed by the\ntranslation in English. Except for the word ユリゴコロ, this would be explained\nafterwards.\n\n> もちろん未知なお話だけど、もしかしたらユリゴコロは誰でも胸の中に眠っているのではないのか、など共感出来る部分もあったり。\n>\n> The story was certainly new (unknown) however, there have had parts that\n> [one] can feel sympathy [in which] perhaps ユリゴコロ does exist (dormant) in the\n> heart of anyone, et cetera.\n\nThe seiyuu expressed her opinion by using the phrase 「ではないのか」 to suggest a\npossibility that ユリゴコロ does exist. But this phrase by itself does not\nnecessarily mean ユリゴコロ actually exist; The fact something that was certain\nbefore is now made questionable.\n\n**What is ユリゴコロ**\n\nThe word 「ユリゴコロ」 is invalid (not found in dictionary) and has no definite\nmeaning. Also, the translated title \"Nan-Core\" does not make sense and has no\ndefinite meaning either. Those who actually read and review the book may\nfigure out the intended meaning.\n\nThere is an opinion that suggest 「ユリゴコロ」 is a wordplay for 「拠り所」, which\nliterally means \"place to depend on\". The interpretation may differ, as noted\nby a thread on Yahoo!知恵袋.\n\n> Q: [...] 拠り所をユリゴコロと聞き違えていますが、それがイコールではないですよね？\n>\n> A:\n> 「拠り所の聞き違え」という一応の説明がありますが、質問者さんのおっしゃるとおりで、この物語に触れた人によっていくつも解釈ができるようになっていると感じました。なので、質問者さんが殺人衝動だと感じたなら、それもアリなのではないでしょうか。正解がないですもんね。\n> [...]\n\nIn short, ユリゴコロ is _not_ equal to 拠り所; There is no correct interpretation to\nthis. That being said, 「○○ではないのか」 is expressing an opinion about ユリゴコロ and the\nseiyuu may have other related opinions as indicated by 「など」.\n\n**References**\n\n 1. [では無い on Jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E7%84%A1%E3%81%84)\n 2. [では無いか on Jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E7%84%A1%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B)\n 3. [など #sentences on Jisho.org](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9%20%23sentences)\n 4. [など。 #sentences on Jisho.org](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9%E3%80%82%20%23sentences) (Note the period)\n 5. [ユリゴコロ by Mahokaru Numata on Goodreads.com](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/19265504)\n 6. [Nan-Core by Mahokaru Numata on Goodreads.com](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20819762-nan-core)\n 7. [沼田まほからさんの「ユリゴコロ」を読まれた方に... on Yahoo!知恵袋](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1272893592)",
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| 53015 | 53048 | 53048 |
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"body": "So when connecting い adjectives you go from い to くて Like:\n\n> おもしろい 楽しい -> おもしろくて楽しいです。= interesting and fun\n\nAnd with な adjectives you add で Like:\n\n> きれいな やさしい -> きれいでやさしいです = pretty and kind\n\nSo what do you do with a の adjective? I want to say 'a sunny and warm place'\nusing はれ and あたたかい but はれ is a の adjective so I don't know how to connect it\nso I was wondering what to do in this case.\n\n(I know I can just say 'あたたかくてはれの所' but I was just wondering how you would say\nit the other way round.)",
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"title": "Connecting の adjectives",
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{
"body": "はれの あたたかい -> はれていてあたたかい \nThis is the answer of your question but I don't know general rule of の\nadjectives. \nI'll show you some examples.\n\nはれの あたたかい -> はれていてあたたかい \nあめの あたたかい -> あめがふっていてあたたかい \nくもりの あたたかい -> くもっていてあたたかい",
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"body": "There are many many controversial topics in Japanese linguistics. And I\nbelieve that the \"Because\" is also one of them. Recently, I've been struggling\nbetween _から_ and _ので_ so hard...But I think I've got them a little bit from\nthe former topics. And _boom_ , today at class, my teacher gave me another\nnot-really-new \"Because\"- **_理由のて型_** - **_\"Because\" of te-form._**\n\nCan anyone give me some ideas how can I use it when we've got a lot of\ntroubles with _から_ and _ので_? And I've also heard that _ために_ also has the\nmeaning of \"Because\" too... But I haven't learnt _ために_ yet...So please, just\nfocus on the **_\"Because\" of te-form._** Thanks in advance!",
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"tags": [
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"title": "\"Because\" in Japanese!",
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{
"body": "If you separate a sentence in two (S1 and S2), you can use the te-form of the\nverbs to express reason or cause, where S1 is the reason or cause for S2, two\nevents that occur sequentially, by consequence.\n\nExamples of _A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar_ book:\n\n1. ワインを飲みすぎて頭が痛い。= I've drunk too much wine and have a headache.\n\n2. このスープは辛くて飲めない。= This soup is salty (or (spicy) hot) and I can't drink/eat it.\n\n3. 私はテニスが大好きでよく友達とする。= I love tennis and often play with my friends.\n\nAs you can note, te-form don't have exactly the same meaning as から and ので,\nthat are usually used to explain a reason for something, I think is more about\na way to show a consequence of a action or state.\n\nBoth forms has a lot of different meanings and usages, you will get used with\nthem with time and continuous study. I'm trying as well xD",
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"body": "```\n\n ウソついたら、オオヤマフグリのトゲ、百万本の～ましゅ！\n \n```\n\nI know it's pinky swear - \"If you lie, you'll swallow million thorns!\"\n\nBut what is オオヤマフグリ?\n\nIs it an imaginary thing, maybe 大山陰嚢, something like \"high mountain pinecone\"?\n\n**Edit:** It's from video game \"Xenogears\". A dialogue with a little girl in\nthe item shop.\n\n```\n\n ほんとの、ほんとね？\n そいじゃ、ゆびきり！\n ウソついたら、\n オオヤマフグリのトゲ、\n 百万本の～ましゅ！\n これで、オッケー！\n ふたりの燃えるハートは、\n かちゃいきずなで結ばれたのよ！\n \n```",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does オオヤマフグリ mean?",
"view_count": 641
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{
"body": "It seems to be a plant name (possibly a very thorny one). I could not find\nthis specific one but Wikipedia has\n[オオイヌノフグリ](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E3%83%8E%E3%83%95%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA)\n( _Veronica persica_ ) which may be related. I did find a blog post which has\na picture mentioning オオヤマ **ノ** フグリ:\n<https://lineblog.me/maze8074/archives/345233.html>",
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"body": "> ウソついたら、 **オオヤマフグリ** のトゲ、百万本 **の～ましゅ** ！\n\nAs for オオヤマフグリ, it must be typo for オオイヌノフグリ, whose meaning is explained in\nIgor Skochinsky's answer.\n\n\"百万本の～ましゅ\" sounds like what is pronounced by a toddler, and is an euphonic\nchange from \"百万本[飲]{の}ます\". So your interpretation as \"If you lie, you'll\nswallow million thorns!\" is partially incorrecrt: it should be like \"If you\nlie, I'll make you swallow million thorns!\"\n\nI guess it's a pinky swear, but we rarely use the phrase for a pinky swear; To\ntell you the truth I've never heard it.\n\nWe use one of the following phrases to make a pinky swear:\n\n * 指｛ゆび｝切｛き｝り\n * 指切りしよう _Let's make a pinky swear!_\n * 指切り拳万{げんまん}\n * 指切り拳万[針]｛はり｝千本｛せんぼん｝飲｛の｝ます\n\n指切｛ゆびきり｝り means _to cut your fingers_. \n拳万{げんまん} means _to punch you hard ten thousand times_. \n針｛はり｝千本｛せんぼん｝飲｛の｝ます means, as you know, _make you swallow a thousand needles_\n\nI didn't know what \"pinky fingers\" means, so I look it up on the Internet.\nIt's very interesting to know that we also do the same gesture with joining\npinky fingers in a symbolic gesture made when children swear on a promise\ntogether. \nThis seems to be an exported culture/custom from Japan.\n\n### EDIT\n\nThanks to goldbrick's comment, I re-examined. \nOn second thought, オオヤマフグリ is a fictional plant based on オオイヌノフグリ and it has\nan incredibly large number of sharp thorns.\n\n* * *\n\n### EDIT 2\n\nAs is written in Yuuichi Tam's answer, the author who created the name\n\"オオヤマフグリ\" seems to have a very rich imagination. So it is no wonder he thought\nof the name from what is beyond our imagination. With knowing the above\nthings, I'll think about what the name came from.\n\nIt is hard to assume that the author thought of \"オオヤマフグリ\" from \"オオイヌノフグリ\" when\nthinking again now. The reason is that if you search for the word \"オオイヌノフグリ\"\non the Internet, you could soon understand that most of the Japanese people do\nnot know or do not use it because there are only seven hits. Besides, it is a\npretty flower that doesn't have such horrible thorns at all.\n\nNext, the word \"ふぐり\" or \"フグリ\" means testicles in English, and the total number\nof hits is 422700, so the possibility that the author knew it was strong, but\nit is hard to understand that the author quoted it as part of the name\naccompanied by the feeling difficult to use forcibly.\n\nWell then, what did the author get the wording of \"オオヤマフグリ\" from? If you think\nit sincerely, you have to swallow it when you tell a lie or break your\npromise, so you have to start with thinking that it should be plants or\nanimals having thorns, burrs, spines or quills; or [針]｛はり｝ ( _spines_ ,\n_quills_ , lit. _needle_ ), [棘]{トゲ} ( _thorns_ , _splinters_ , _spines_ ) or\n[毬]{イガ} (burrs) .\n\nTalking of \"spines or 針｛ハリ｝\", we soon image a \"hedgehog or 針鼠｛ハリネズミ｝ (lit.\n_needle-rat_ or _spine-rat_ )\" that is a spiny mammal. However, since hedgehog\nis a small and cute mammal, and its spines are short, it doesn't have an\nenough image to threaten a liar with making him/her swallow its spines.\nResembling a hedgehog, we could soon image a \"porcupine or山荒{ヤマアラシ} (lit.\n_mountain-devastator_ or _mountain-buster_ ) with a coat of long and sharp\nspines. Spines of a porcupine have a sufficient image of threatening a liar.\nFrom the Japanese name of \"ハリネズミ or _hedgehog_ \", we come up with a fish with\nmany spines called \"針千本{ハリセンボン} or _porcupinefish_ \". According to Wikipedia,\nporcupinefish have the ability to inflate their bodies by swallowing water or\nair, thereby becoming round. This increase in size (almost double vertically)\nreduces the range of potential predators to those with much bigger mouths. A\nsecond defense mechanism is provided by the sharp spines, which radiate\noutwards when the fish is inflated. But, the pronunciation of \"ハリネズミ or\n_hedgehog_ \", \"ハリセンボン or _porcupinefish_ \" or \"ヤマアラシ or _porcupine_ \" is too\nmuch different from \"オオヤマフグリ\" whose origin we are looking for.\n\n\"イガ or burrs\" means the skin of a plant full of thorns, so イガ satisfies the\nfirst condition as a candidate for オオヤマフグリ. \nTalking about \"イガ or _burrs_ \", \"毬栗｛イガグリ｝ or _chestnut_ \" is famous, which is\na Japanese chest nut lit. _chestnut in burrs_. When I was looking into \"イガグリ\"\non the Internet, I found an explanation that イガグリ which grows naturally is\ncalled \"柴栗｛シバグリ｝\" or \"山栗｛ヤマグリ｝\". \"This is it!\" I thought. If \"山栗｛ヤマグリ｝ lit.\n_mountain chestnut_ \" grows deeply in big mountains, it could be called\n\"大山｛オオヤマ｝栗｛グリ｝\" . Don't you think \"オオヤマグリ\" sounds like \"オオヤマフグリ\"? I will\ndecide that \"オオヤマグリ\" is the origin of \"オオヤマフグリ\". \nLet's wait for the correct announcement from the author.\n\n### 日本語\n\nYuuichi\nTamさんの回答にあるように、オオヤマフグリという名前を創造した作者は発想が大変豊かな方だと想像します。従って我々の想像を超えたところから名前を考えたとしても全く不思議ではありません。それを承知で考えてみました。\n\n今あらためて考えますと、「オオイヌノフグリ」から「オオヤマフグリ」を考えたとは想定しにくいですね。その理由は、インターネットで「オオイヌノフグリ」という言葉を検索しますと、ヒット数がたった７件しかないほど日本人のほとんどが知らないあるいは使わない単語だからです。しかも、恐ろしいほどのトゲやハリがない可憐な花です。\n\n次に、「フグリ」「ふぐり」と言う言葉は英語ではtesticles あるいは\nballsという意味で、ヒット数が合計して422700件あるので、作者が知っていた可能性は高いですが、名称の一部として敢えて使うのには遠慮が伴う言葉であり、作者が参考にしたとは考えにくい気がします。\nなお、「フグリ」は、ポケットモンスターリーフグリーンの女主人公にファンが付けたあだ名として有名であるとの記事が見つかりましたので、アニメ業界では比較的知られた言葉とは推察できます。あだ名としての「フグリ」は、「リーフグリーン\nleaf green」の中間の発音から造った呼称のようですが、本来の「フグリ\ntesticles」が持っている発音と同じことが分かり、一旦意味が分かってしまうと、使うのが憚（はばか）られ、今ではこの女主人公を「リーフ」と呼ぶようになったようです。大変常識的な解決方法だと思います。\n「ふぐり」ついでですが、誰もが知っている「松ぼっくり」も語源的には「松ふぐり」のようです。しかし、「松ふぐり」もヒット数が800数十ですので、死語に近いと思われ作者が参考にしたとは考えにくいです。\n\nそれでは、一体どこから「オオヤマフグリ」を考えついたのでしょうか。\n素直に考えますと、嘘をついた人に飲ますのですから、「針」や鋭い「トゲ」がいっぱいあるもの（動植物）が連想のスタートでしょう。\nトゲ、ハリ、イガなどからは、「ハリセンボン」「ハリネズミ」「イガ栗」「イバラ」などが思い浮かびます。「ハリネズミ」は少し優しく可愛い動物なので、その連想から外国の「ヤマアラシ」が浮かびます。本当に痛そうなトゲがいっぱいあります。それでも、いずれも「オオヤマフグリ」と発音が違い過ぎます。\n\n「イガ」とは棘（トゲ）のいっぱい生えた植物の皮を指すようですので候補として合格です。「イガ栗」を調べておりますと、自生するものは、別名「柴栗」「山栗」と言うとあります。これだ！と思いました。「ヤマグリ」。山深く大山に自生している山栗、「オオヤマグリ」です。似ていますね。「オオヤマフグリ」と「オオヤマグリ」。これで決まりとします。あとは、作者からの正解発表を待ちましょう。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A4ed8.jpg)",
"comment_count": 8,
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"body": "I can't find the description that オオイヌノフグリ has とげ, the spikes. Therefore,\nオオイヌノフグリのトゲ doesn't make sense.\n\nI think maybe the writer confused オオイヌノフグリ and ヤマアラシ.\n\nヤマアラシ is \"hedgehog.\"\n\nHowever, it is quite absurd to confuse オオイヌノフグリ, a plant, with ヤマアラシ, an\nanimal.\n\nIn short, I don't understand the sentence. Maybe the writer was talking about\ntheir own imaginary creature.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T11:40:04.897",
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"body": "I found this comment \"イチゴカブト リンゴユリ\nカミナリダイコン・・ってまあ実に多彩なネーミングです。これは植物に限らず動物も然り。牛はクマギュウですし、トンガリイボザルやらオオヤマフグリやらゾウツバメやら、なんか思わず「一体どんな動物なんや？」なんて想像しちゃいそうですね（笑）他にもモンスターのネーミングとか、ゼノはなんか「ネジが一本抜けたような」センスで思わずにやりとしちゃいます。(There\nare various fictitious names like Ichigokabuto, Ringoyuri and Kaminaridaikon.\nThey are not only for plants , but also for animals like a caw is called\nKumagyu, other animals are called Tongariibozaru, Ooyamafuguri and Zoutubame.\nWe may wonder how animals they are, when we hear their fictitious animals'\nnames. Monsters'names are also odd. The names in the game of Xenogears are odd\nand they make me smirk.\" in internet.\n\nHe seemed to talk about the characters of the video game \"Xenogears\". So I\nthink オオヤマフグリ is a character of the game which is like porcupines.",
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| 53021 | null | 53039 |
{
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"body": "I basically have two questions:\n\nWhen we use なくなる we basically force the verb to be in negative so that we can\nreplace い by く and then add なる. For example: 見えなくなる (to become not visible).\nMy question is, what if I want to use it in positive, meaning \"to become\nvisible\"?\n\nSecond question, which is related to the first. I have the following sentence:\nナスはほぼカロリーないが、揚げ油が2/3くらい吸われてなくなる which I think I can translate for \"Eggplants\nhave no calories but the suck 2/3 of the frying oil\". However, it is using\nなくなる which for me, it implies that the verb 吸う has been first converted into\nnegative form 吸われてない and then replace it by なくなる. The question is, how can it\nhave a positive meaning while having a negative conjugation?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-04T22:09:58.780",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Ending なくなる being positive?",
"view_count": 1401
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{
"body": "For \"to become visible\", you can use \"見えるようになる\".\n\nIn the sentence, 揚げ油が2/3くらい吸われてなくなる, it is should be divided as: \n揚げ油が (the frying oil) 2/3くらい (about 2/3 of) 吸われて (is absorbed) なくなる\n(disappeared).\n\nThe negative of \"吸われる\" is \"吸われない\", not \"吸われてない\". The \"て\" here separates the\ntwo verbs \"吸われる\" and \"なくなる\". So the sentence means: \nAbout 2/3 of the frying oil is absorbed and disappeared.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T00:18:06.893",
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"body": "1. That's a good question. The grammatical opposite of 見えなくなる would be 見えるようになる (raw verb needs ように unlike the negative has adjective-adverb conjugation), but it's more strongly associated with the other meaning of 見える, \"able to see\". It's also natural to use 見えるようになる in the setting \"come within the scope of sight\" (e.g. 夏の星座が **見えるようになる** ), but for fading and emerging kind of visibility change, you could instead use 現れる \"appear\" or 出てくる \"pop up\" etc.\n\n * 「[見えなくなり、またあらわれ、また隠れ、またあらわれて](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=lFcUKZBUeuAC&lpg=PT69&ots=P45kJFJqwC&dq=%22%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A%E3%80%81%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9F%22&hl=ja&pg=PT69#v=onepage&q=%22%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A%E3%80%81%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9F%22&f=false)」(A translation of _The Invisible Man_ by H. G. Wells)\n 2. 「吸われてなくなる」 is two phrases, 吸われて、なくなる \"be sucked, and lost\" (≈ \"be soaked up\"). Do not confuse it with negative-passive-ている form 吸われて（い）ない (\"not (yet) be sucked\"). Actually, there's no chance of confusion, because you can't attach なる to 吸われていない, since ている and なる conflict as both semantically represent aspect-like feature of a verb.",
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"body": "For the first question you can use ように+なる. For example, 見えるようになる means \"to\nbecome visible\".\n\nFor the second part, I think it is 吸われて+なくなる. That is, it's two different\nverbs. The first one, 吸う, is in the passive て-form to connect with なくなる “to\ndisappear\". Notice that here that が helps you understand how things are\nconnected.\n\nSo basically the second sentence is \"The eggplant has almost no calories but\n2/3 of the frying oil is absorbed and disappears\".",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T00:24:23.030",
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| 53025 | 53029 | 53029 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53052",
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"body": "Context: in a boxing match, boxer A is fighting against the particularly tough\nboxer B. Even after having taken a lot of punches, boxer B is still standing.\nDuring a break, the trainer of boxer A says:\n\n> タフネスにも **スイッチ** がある。ちゃんと殺しきれよ… ガキ…\n\nI think that スイッチ has a metaphorical meaning here. Since it is usually\nassociated with switching things on/off, could it mean something like `a way\nto stop` or `a way to defeat`? How would you translate it? My translation\nattempt:\n\n> Even toughness can be stopped in some way. You must totally destroy him,\n> kid...\n\nThank you for your help!\n\nEDIT: for more context, I can say that boxer B is a 打たれ強い boxer. He's an ex\nkick-boxer who says that boxing punches are 'light' compared to the kicks you\nget in kick-boxing. Being not afraid of punches, he advances to get close to\nhis opponent even while being hit. He is an infighter, a boxer who fights at\nclose distante from his opponent. [Here's the entire page the sentence is\ntaken from.](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1VeLW.jpg) In this page Boxer B has\njust got up after being knocked down by Boxer A. For further context, here are\nthe following pages: [28-29](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FTwIQ.jpg) and\n[30-31](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7GcEK.jpg). The manga is called\n[リクドウ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6).",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T00:22:58.877",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"katakana",
"loanwords",
"metaphor",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of スイッチ in the following sentence",
"view_count": 299
} | [
{
"body": "Even devices that produce great force will move or stop depending on the on /\noff of the switch.\n\nIn this case, I think that the phrase means that you should turn off or\ndestroy the opponent's switch properly so that you definately stop the supply\nof his toughness to demonstrate; in other words, you should aim at the\nopponent's **weak points** or **vital points** in order to let the opponent\nnever attack you.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T04:38:35.647",
"id": "53036",
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"body": "In my opinion, Boxer B was knocked down in 1st round because his body was not\nwarm enough or something. I think that it's not normal in the real boxing\nthough, the trainer worries about boxer B will get used to the Boxer A's hard\npunches as the round goes on if the **toughness switch on**. The trainer said\nthe boxer A should have completely knocked him out in the 1st round. My\ninterpretation.\n\nAfter I read the pages, boxer B was knocked down(flash-down: not so much\ndamage since boxer B was not get used to the boxer A's punches trajectory) by\nboxer A's counter-punch in 1st round. So, boxer B doesn't carry over his\ndamage to next round and he may recover quickly during the round interval.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T12:18:01.780",
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| 53030 | 53052 | 53036 |
{
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"body": "When hearing (not reading) 口唇 in a sentence, should it be assumed that the\nspeaker is saying \"lips\" and not \"red lips\" (紅唇)? If not, what cues can be\nused to determine which is being meant?\n\nI know that 赤い唇 also means red lips, and I would assume that it is used to\navoid ambiguity.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-05T01:16:10.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53032",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-05T02:18:45.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "23922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "Telling the words 口唇 and 紅唇 apart contextually",
"view_count": 110
} | [
{
"body": "How was 口唇 pronounced when you heard it? \nAnyway we **only** say くちびる for lips. \nIf you have a chance to read 口唇, it's correct to pronounce it as こうしん. You may\nhave no chance to hear こうしん for lips in daily life, because the sound has a\nlot of homonyms like 行進 _march/parade_ , 更新 _update_ , 交信 _communication_ ,\netc, that are more familiar than 口唇.\n\nI think that \"口唇{こうしん}\" is a medical term used only in an oral hospital and\nthe like apart from daily use, and in that case 口唇｛こうしん｝ simply means lips and\ndoes not mean 紅唇 that could be understood as \"red lips\".\n\nUsually we say \"赤い唇｛くちびる｝\" or \"唇｛くちびる｝が赤い\" for \"red lips\", not\n\"紅{あか}い唇{くちびる}\".\n\n\"紅\" isn't good for expressing being red for lips but good for cheeks, like\n\"紅｛あか｝い頬｛ほほ｝\" or \"紅｛あか｝い頬｛ほ｝っぺた\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T02:15:50.713",
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| 53032 | 53034 | 53034 |
{
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"body": "I'm surprised this question hasn't been asked already so in case I just missed\nit in my searches please point me to it.\n\nIs there a general way to express \"being sorry\" not when apologizing of\ncourse, but rather when you want to convey sympathy towards someone's\nunfortunate circumstances.\n\nI am sure that in certain specific situations there would be standard\nsentences for this, e.g., \"I'm sorry for your loss\".\n\nHowever, I'm interested in more general situations. How to answer \"Oh, I'm\nsorry about that\" when someone tell's you about something unfortunate they\nare/have been going through?\n\n**Random examples:**\n\n 1. > **A:** I lost my wallet with all my documents in it.\n>\n> **B:** Oh, I'm sorry about that...\n\n 2. > **A:** I didn't get the scholarship and I won't be able to go study abroad.\n>\n> **B:** Oh, I'm so sorry to hear that...\n\n 3. > **A:** I got fired.\n>\n> **B:** Oh, I'm very sorry to hear that...\n\nI tried on purpose to think of situations with different degrees of severity.\nAlso suppose that A and B are quite close, but I think regardless of A and B's\nrelationship in English one would say something on the line of \"I'm sorry\"\n(the difference stands in how much A means it).\n\nOne thing I could think of in Japanese would be\n\n> **B:** \"あ、それは残念/大変ですね...\"\n\nHowever, this to me sounds more like an objective acknowledgment that\nsomething is bad/unfortunate rather than a subjective expression of one own's\nsympathetic feelings. Something like in English maybe would be \"Ah, that's too\nbad/that sucks...\".\n\nSo is there something in Japanese closer to the English \"being sorry\" in this\nkind of situations? Or very simply people just wouldn't use anything like\nthat?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-05T05:06:43.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53037",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"expressions",
"culture"
],
"title": "How to express \"being sorry\" as a sympathetic feeling?",
"view_count": 7814
} | [
{
"body": "The expression that matches \"being sorry\" is それは お気の毒に… / お気の毒（さま）です.\n\n(残念だ is used when something ends without reaching expectation. So, you don't\nreally use it in the cases of 1 or 3 unless it implies that it prevents the\nperson from doing something. However, I think it's a compassion rather than an\nobjective acknowledgement.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-05T08:55:23.190",
"id": "53043",
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{
"body": "> A: I lost my wallet with all my documents in it.\n>\n> B: Oh, I'm sorry about that...\n\nおお、それは大変でしたね。\n\n> A: I didn't get the scholarship and I won't be able to go study abroad.\n>\n> B: Oh, I'm so sorry to hear that...\n\nおお、それは残念でしたね。\n\n> A: I got fired.\n>\n> B: Oh, I'm very sorry to hear that...\n\nええっ？ それは大変でしたね。大丈夫ですか。\n\nThese are my responses. In short, I agree with what you thought of.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"id": "53049",
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]
| 53037 | null | 53049 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53042",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the following sentence what's the function of \"して\"? 私は日本語を勉強しています。 If I\nexclude it, does it make sense? 私は日本語を勉強います。\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T08:14:04.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "います versus しています",
"view_count": 3048
} | [
{
"body": "No.\n\n> 私は日本語を勉強しています。\n\n\"I am studying Japanese (now).\"\n\n> 私は日本語を勉強します。\n\nI study Japanese. or I will study Japanese.\n\n> 私は日本語を勉強います。\n\nThis sentence just doesn't make sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T08:50:13.100",
"id": "53042",
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{
"body": "I know I am 5 years late but for anyone else who sees this in the future, します\nand しています are variations of 'to do/play' and います is used in sentence structure\n'to exist' for people (PLACEにPERSONはいます means 'PERSON is in PLACE')",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2023-02-28T19:14:27.157",
"id": "98740",
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"score": -3
}
]
| 53041 | 53042 | 53042 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53047",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Context: This happens in the main character's dream. He sees some weird person\nand he can't clearly see their face (so he doesn't even know if they're a man\nor a woman). The person gives him a magical box that can grant wishes. After\nthey hold out the box:\n\n> そして確か僕は、「どうして僕に **こんなものを** ？」なんてつまらない質問をした。\n>\n> 「君が実におもしろいからだよ。私は個性のない君たちの些細な相異を区別できない。 **その人をその人と認識できない。**\n\nA couple of things. First, こんなもの here is the magical box. Then there is my\nattempt at translation of this paragraph:\n\n> And then, of course, what a boring question I asked!\n>\n> \"Such a thing? To me? Why?..\"\n>\n> \"Because you're quite amusing. I can't tell apart the slight differences in\n> your kind's colorless personalities.\n\nHowever, I can't seem to bind the sentence in bold to the context and the\nprevious text here. If translated literally, I would do this as \"Can't\nrecognize/realize such people from such people\". I'm almost sure the \"person\"\nis talking about the whole mankind (because there's no others who could fit\ninto 君 **たち** near the main character). Then if they're indeed talking about\nthe entire human race, who are その人 (such people)? And the question that bugs\nme the most is: how does 認識できない fit here? 認識 is literally\n\"recognition/realization/knowledge\", and I don't have a slightest clue about\nhow you can \"recognize/realize その人 from その人\". So any help would be greatly\nappreciated.\n\nAlso, I would like to ask if I understand the \"と\" particle correctly and it\nindeed means \"...such people **from** such people\". Because if it means\n**and** as it usually does in such a case, then I don't have a slightest clue\nhow to interpret it, either.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T10:26:55.167",
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"owner_user_id": "25562",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "How does this sentence fit into context?",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "I cannot recognize その人 as その人.\n\nIt essentially means that to him (the speaker?), all colorless people are all\nthe same and he can not tell the difference between any of them. So it is\nimpossible is identify an individual.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T10:51:21.287",
"id": "53046",
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{
"body": "> 「どうして僕にこんなものを？」\n\nI think this is a short form of \"どうして僕にこんなものを **くれるの** ？ _Why will you give me\na thing like this?_ or _Why will you give me a box like this?_ \" judging from\nthe given context.\n\n> その人をその人と認識できない。\n\nI'll give you similar sentences as follows in order that you could understand\nthe above given sentence for yourself.\n\n(1) 私は、その人をArchAlessusと認識できる _I can recognize that person as ArchAlessus._ \n(2) 私は、その人を先生と認識できる _I can recognize that person as a teacher._ \n(3) 私は、その人を他の人と区別して認識できる _I can recognize that person by distinguishing it\nfrom other people_. \n(4) 私は、その人をその人と認識できる _I can recognize that person as that person_.\n\n### EDIT\n\n> (1) 私は、その人をArchAlessus **と** 認識できる _I can recognize that person as\n> ArchAlessus._ \n> I don't think I've ever seen \"と\" translated as \"as\" before.\n\nWe usually say like \"私は、その人をArchAlessus **と** 認識できる\" for \"I can recognize that\nperson as ArchAlessus\", and we can understand the meaning very well, but it's\nbetter to say formally as \"私は、その人をArchAlessus **として** 認識できる\".\n\nThen the questioner may understand \"と\" as \"as\" perfectly.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T10:57:22.540",
"id": "53047",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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| 53045 | 53047 | 53047 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53058",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard in a movie 何処に住むのも自由 and I wonder what's the difference with どこに住んでも自由\n?\n\nI think nominalizer の + も is more formal but not sure.\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-05T12:00:54.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53051",
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"owner_user_id": "9539",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "どこに住んでも and どこに住むのも difference",
"view_count": 81
} | [
{
"body": "I think.\n\n何処に住むのも自由。\n\n**You are free to choose where you live.**\n\n何処に住んでも自由。\n\n**Wherever you live, you are free.**",
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| 53051 | 53058 | 53058 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can we say something \"goes\" as in goes a certain way? I know you can say\n上手く行くor順調に行くto say something goes well, but does \"行く\" also work if we're\ntalking about things going poorly or just the way they go in general?\nSpecifically, I want to say something like, \"however things go\" or \"however it\nturns out.\" 例えば：本番はどう行っても... Does that work?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-05T12:25:22.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53054",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-09-05T12:39:26.153",
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"owner_user_id": "25690",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "something goes well/poorly/etc",
"view_count": 247
} | [
{
"body": "* something goes well: 上手く行く or 順調に行く\n * things going poorly : うまく行かない\n * however things go: ものごとがどう **なっ** ても, どう **なろ** うが or どう **なろ** うとも\n * however it turns out: それがどう **なっ** ても, どう **なろ** うとも, どう **転{ころ}ん** でも or どう **転{ころ}ぼ** うとも\n\n**運｛はこ｝ぶ** is also used for \"to go\" in a phrase like \"things go ものごとが運ぶ\" or\n\"things go well 順調に運ぶ or 順調に運んでいます\".\n\nWe don't say 本番はどう行っても\n\n* * *\n\n## EDIT\n\nI'm going to edit my answer in order to give further information about some\nverbs that have similar meanings of \"go\" by the meaning of 行く in \"うまく行く\" or\n\"うまく行かない\".\n\n> They are 転{ころ}がる, 運｛はこ｝ぶ, and 回｛まわ｝る.\n\nIn this information, definitions of them are from jisho.org and most sentence\nexamples are from [BCCWJ](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/): Balanced\nCorpus of Contemporary Written Japanese.\n\nInterpretations in English for example sentences are only for convenience to\nthe questioner, and the accuracy of them is not guaranteed.\n\n> ### [転｛ころ｝がる](http://jisho.org/search/%E8%BB%A2%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B)\n>\n> Godan verb with ru ending, intransitive verb \n> 1. to roll; to tumble \n> ... \n> 5. **(of a situation or outcome) to change; to turn out**\n\n * カジノ擁護{ようご}記事｛きじ｝の続編｛ぞくへん｝も、思｛おも｝わぬ方向｛ほうこう｝に **転がる** 気配｛けはい｝をみせている。 _The sequel to the article on advocacy to host casinos also shows signs of **turning out** in an unexpected direction_.\n * 自分｛じぶん｝が思｛おも｝ったとおりにやれば、ものごとがよいほうに **転がる** のではないかという予感｛よかん｝がわいてきます。 _When I do as I thought, I get a feeling that the things will **change** to the better_.\n * たくさん本｛ほん｝が売｛う｝れれば印税｛いんぜい｝もたくさん入｛はい｝る…とすべていいほうに **転がる** わけです。 _The more the books are sold the more you can get royalties; if it is realized all situations will start to **change** better. This is what I think_.\n * そりゃ、どちらかと言｛い｝えば、いい方に **転がった** 方｛ほう｝がいい。 _Well, if anything, it would be better to **turn out** to be a better one_.\n * **転がる** と助｛たす｝かるが、運｛うん｝任｛まか｝せにする訳｛わけ｝にはやはり行｛い｝かないので、少｛すこ｝しでも確実｛かくじつ｝に進｛すす｝む為｛ため｝、 **転がす** 努力｛どりょく｝をする。 _I'll appreciate it if it **goes** well, but still I cannot leave it to luck, so I'll make an effort to make it **go** well for surely progressing even a little_.\n\n> ### [運｛はこ｝ぶ](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%8B%E3%81%B6)\n>\n> Godan verb with bu ending, Transitive verb \n> 1. to carry; to transport; to move; to convey \n> ... \n> 4. **to go (well, etc.); to proceed; to progress**\n\n * 第一｛だいいち｝航空｛こうくう｝戦隊｛せんたい｝が空中戦｛くうちゅうせん｝を優位｛ゆうい｝に **運ぶ** ためには、この隙｛すき｝を突｛つ｝いていく必要｛ひつよう｝があった。 _In order for the First Air Squadron to **have** the advantage of the aerial combat, it was necessary to attack the weak point of the enemy_.\n * 「必｛かなら｝ず隠｛かく｝れ家｛が｝から出｛で｝てくるだろう。そこを撃｛う｝てばよい」「そう思｛おも｝いどおりにことが **運ぶ** か」「やってみることだ。」 \" _He will surely come out of the hideout. That's the moment you should shoot him_.\" \" _Does it **work** well as expected?_\" \" _Do it_.\"\n * この新｛あたら｝しく始｛はじ｝めた不動産｛ふどうさん｝業｛ぎょう｝がうまく **運ぶ** ように、日々｛ひび｝努力｛どりょく｝をしているものの、市況｛しきょう｝の悪｛わる｝さはいかんともしがたい。 _Despite my daily efforts so that this newly started real estate business **goes** well, I could not avoid the bad market conditions_.\n * もとよりことは簡単｛かんたん｝に **運ぶ** とは考｛かんが｝えていなかったが、予想｛よそう｝以上｛いじょう｝の抵抗｛ていこう｝に遭｛あ｝った。 _From the beginning, I didn't think that it was easy to **process** , but I met with opposition more than expected_. \n * 隣｛とな｝り駅｛えき｝ならば会社｛かいしゃ｝の同僚｛どうりょう｝などに会｛あ｝わず、マイペースで事｛こと｝が **運ぶ** ことになります。 _If you would pass through the neighboring station, you could **do** it smoothly at your own pace without meeting the colleagues of the company and the like_.\n * 【囲碁｛いご｝の解説｛かいせつ｝】白｛しろ｝１は黒｛くろ｝を三々｛さんさん｝に導｛みちび｝こうというものですが、そう簡単｛かんたん｝に事｛こと｝が **運ぶ** かどうか。 _《Explanation of the game of Go》 Placing the white stone 1 is the intention to lead the opponent to place a black stone at the position of the third row and the third columun, but I don't know if the game **proceeds** so easily as intended_.\n\n> ### [回{まわ}る](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%9B%9E%E3%82%8B)\n>\n> Godan verb with ru ending, intransitive verb \n> 1. to turn; to revolveSee also ぐるぐる \n> ... \n> 3. **to function well**\n\n * あの人｛ひと｝がいないと我｛わ｝が社｛しゃ｝は **回って** いかない。 _Without him our company would cease to **function_**.\n * ドイツ人｛じん｝はなぜ、1年｛ねん｝に150日｛にち｝休｛やす｝んでも仕事｛しごと｝が **回る** のか。 _Why can Germans **handle** their jobs well even if they take 150 days off in a year?_\n * 肩｛かた｝の力｛ちから｝を抜｛ぬ｝いた方がビックリするくらい仕事｛しごと｝が **回る** ようになるんです。 _The more relaxed people get their jobs surprisingly **going** smoothly_.\n * 究極｛きゅうきょく｝の組織｛そしき｝作｛づく｝りは自分｛じぶん｝がいなくてもうまく **回る** 組織｛そしき｝を作｛つく｝ることだ。 _The ultimate creating an organization is to make an organization that **functions** well even if you are not there_.",
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| 53054 | null | 53056 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53060",
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"body": "What is the meaning of \"もとになった\"?\n\nHere is the sentence in which I find this expression:\n\n> **もとになった** 鳥山先生のイラストはDB大全集第６番182ページ掲載.\n\nMaybe simply, (this illustration) _originally_ was published on [...]?\n\nFor more context:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OZDVu.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T15:06:43.377",
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"owner_user_id": "25405",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of \"もとになった\"?",
"view_count": 865
} | [
{
"body": "It means:\n\nthe _original_ illustration was published in ...\n\nThe version here is an altered/modified version based on the original\nilluatration.\n\n[Weblio](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%82%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B)\ntranslates もとになる as \"become the basis\". Here \"もとになった\" is used to modify\n\"鳥山先生のイラスト\". So it literally means: \nThe illustration of Mr. Toriyama that became/is the basis (of this\nillustration) ...",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T15:20:35.063",
"id": "53060",
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{
"body": "If X is the もと of Y, it means X is the original that Y was based on. So in\nthis case, the もとになった…イラスト would be the illustration that the pictured cel was\nbased on. (Presumably the pictured illustration is from a cel created by Toei,\nand the もとになったイラスト would be the illustration by Toriyama that's mentioned in\nthe passage above.)",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T15:23:25.680",
"id": "53061",
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"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "53059",
"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 53059 | 53060 | 53060 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53063",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I learnt that walk is あるく in japanese, however <http://jtalkonline.com/the-\nbasics-of-grammar/> site mentions it as あるき constantly. Is the site wrong or\nare those two interchangable?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T17:17:31.427",
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"tags": [
"words",
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "あるき vs あるく to say walk",
"view_count": 7202
} | [
{
"body": "[歩]{ある}く is the dictionary (or plain affirmative) form of \"to walk\". The\ndictionary form is a more informal form of verbs. The page you link to is\nsimply displaying several conjugations of this verb. Specifically, it is\nshowing [丁寧語]{てい・ねい・ご} conjugations which are for polite speech (Note: polite\nspeech is not the same as \"humble\" or \"respectful\" speech. That is a different\ntopic altogether).\n\nSome of conjugations they list are:\n\n * ある **き** ます → Present or future affirmative tense; this is equivalent to あるく, just more polite\n * ある **き** ません → Present of future negative tense; \"I don't/won't walk\"\n * ある **き** ました → Past affirmative tense; \"I walked\"\n * ある **き** ませんでした → Past negative tense; \"I didn't walk\"\n\n[歩]{ある}く is one of the \"5 level verbs\" ([五段動詞]{ご・だん・どう・し}). Without going\n_too_ much into it, they are verbs who conjugate along the 5 kana in the\nrespective columns. Here, 歩く is part of the \"k\" column: that is, the kana\n**か・き・く・け・こ**. The \"u\" combination (here, **k** + **u** = く) is always the\ndictionary form: hence, 歩 **く**. The other combinations mean different things.\nThe \"i\" combination is how you form the polite form (here, き).\n\n * 歩 **か** ない → the **か** combination is the negative plain form (equivalent to 歩きません)\n * 歩 **き** ます → the **き** combination is for forming the polite form\n * 歩 **く** → the **く** as we mentioned is for the dictionary form\n * 歩 **け** ば → the **け** combination is to form the potential form (\"If I/you walk\")\n * 歩 **こ** う → the **こ** combination is to form the volitional form (\"I will walk\" or \"Let's walk!\")\n\nHopefully this helps clear up why they had different forms on that page. They\nwere simply using more polite speech instead of informal speech.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T17:26:00.397",
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| 53062 | 53063 | 53063 |
{
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"body": "I'm not sure if I translate this passage from the song right:\n\nほら、あなたにとって、大事な人ほどすぐ側にいるの。\n\nI'm not sure which perspective we're talking about. Is the other person right\nby my side because I'm important to him/her? Is the の at the end a nominalizer\nor as an explanation?\n\nただ、あなたにだけ、届いて欲しい響け恋の歌。\n\nI assume this means that I want the song to reach just him/her. However, why\nis there the ただ? Is it a conjunction to the previous sentence and if yes why?\n\nAlso, what is the form of 響け here - the imperative? If yes, how does that fit\ninto the sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-05T18:29:01.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53065",
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"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "Sentence from song 小さな恋の歌",
"view_count": 175
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{
"body": "The first sentence means \"The more important people are for you, the closer\nthey are to you\". This の indicates emotional emphasis, which is mainly used by\nfemale. ただ～だけ means \"just only\". I think this 響け is close to hope than the\nimperative and 響け恋の歌 is inversion.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T17:55:26.503",
"id": "53088",
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| 53065 | null | 53088 |
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"body": "I have a very brief question, how is を貫き通せる meant to be interpreted in the\nfollowing line?\n\n> […]我が道を貫き通せるほど拳が硬いわけでもない。\n\nDictionary definitions of \"貫き通す\" includes the following:\n\n> 1. to go through; to pierce; to penetrate\n> 2. to persist; to stick to; to enforce (one's) will\n>\n\nI asked a friend who is native Japanese, and she says it should be interpreted\nas something like - to make someone \"carry out\" or \"put into practice\" -\n(though there's a language barrier here so we could be misunderstanding each\nother and there's only so much she can teach me in English.) Doesn't this seem\na bit different to the dictionary definitions?\n\nSo assuming my friend is correct, how does a phrase like \"carry out\" fit into\nthe above example sentence? I can't seem to parse it naturally e.g. \" he\ndidn't really have fists that were so strong it could carry out its own way\"\n??\n\nSo basically how is を貫き通せる being used/it's meaning in this context, and with\nthat in mind what is a more natural sounding way to parse the above sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-05T22:44:55.947",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Understanding the use of \"を貫き通せる\"",
"view_count": 567
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{
"body": "Original sentence.\n\n\"我が道を貫き通せるほど拳が硬いわけでもない。\"\n\nYour translation attempt or:\n\n**he didn't really have fists that were so strong it could carry out its own\nway.**\n\nIs it so strange?\n\n**he didn't have so strong fists that it could carry out his own way.**\n\nor\n\n我が道 sounds strange? His own way sounds like the path with no end?\n\n**he didn't have so strong fists that it could carry out his own plan.**\n\nor\n\nI am not sure though, 我が道を貫く might indicate \"his own way of doing something.\"\nIn such case,\n\n**He didn't have so strong fists that it could carry on something in his own\nway.**",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T23:21:20.467",
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"body": "Base on `大辞林` the suitable explanation of `貫き通す` shall be:\n\n> 信念や信条などを最後まで変えずに持ち続ける。\n\nSo the understanding of `我が道` in the context might be `my faith` `信念` in\nspiritual `心`.\n\n> 我が道を貫き通せる\n>\n> my persistent faith\n\nNext, the fists are not phsycial, but the metaphor to describe the front\nphrase. In this sentence, you can consider it's hard as stone.\n\n> 拳が硬い\n\nin the opposite, it's hard but not 100% positive, maybe 95% or 97%.\n\n> ほど...でもない\n\nSimply combine together:\n\n> My faith is persistent but not unbreakable like the hard fists.",
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"body": "So basically how is を貫き通せる being used/it's meaning in this context, and with\nthat in mind what is a more natural sounding way to parse the above sentence?\n\n＊\n\nI believe '[貫]{つらぬ}き[通]{とお}す' is connecting with the idiomatic phrase\n'[我]{わ}が[道]{みち}を[行]{い}く(literal translation is 'to go my way'). \n'道' in '我が道を行く' suggests (his/her) way of doing things, or (his/her)\nprinciple. \nFor '貫き通す', definition 2. in your dictionary applies here. The phrase has\nconnotation of 'till the end', too. \nSo what '我が道を貫き通す' amounts to is like, 'to stick to his/her principle\nunbudgeably, and till the end.' \nPlease note that '我が道(my way)' points not to the speaker's way of doing\nthings, but to that of the subject in the sentence. \nTaking these into consideration, your line should be parsed :\n\nHis fists are not strong enough for (him) to stick to (his) principle.\n\nI have let 'he' the subject of the sentence in accordance with your version of\nthe line in English. This should be a reasonable interpretation, though we\nneed more information to be certain of the pronouns that I have parenthesized.",
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"creation_date": "2018-07-08T11:52:44.353",
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| 53067 | null | 53121 |
{
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VWJx9.jpg)\n\nWhy is it 'tsuitachi' if the pronunciation can only be ichi, hito, or hitotsu?",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T00:26:31.773",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 16,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why is 一日 'tsuitachi'?",
"view_count": 12274
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{
"body": "There are a few words in Japanese where the Kanji reading does not match up\nwith the given 音読｛おんよ｝み or 訓読｛くんよ｝み readings. These are 熟字訓｛じゅくじくん｝\nparticularly if the reading is more important and derived from the meaning of\nthe word and not from a combination of the Kanji that make up the word.\nOftentimes, these are used for what are known as 大和言葉｛やまとことば｝, or \"words\nnative to the Japanese language\", which are approximated in Kanji.\n\nIn present day, dates in Japanese are given in the pattern Year-Month-Date, as\na count. For example, today is 二千十七年｛にせんじゅうななねん｝九月｛くがつ｝五日｛いつか｝ (more commonly\nwritten with numbers such as 2017年9月5日).\n\nHowever, in the past, the start of the month was categorized by the start of\nthe lunar cycle, and so had a special name. This was known as 月立ち｛つきたち｝.\nTherefore, 1日 (or, in this case 一日) is derived from the older Japanese word\nfor referring to the start of the month, also known as the moon rising, or\n月立ち｛つきたち｝.\n\n月立ち｛つきたち｝ over time morphed into the word ついたち, which is written with the\n熟字訓｛じゅくじくん｝ of 一日｛ついたち｝ for the sake of preserving the pattern of counting the\nstart of the month as the first day, but also because it carries the similar\nmeaning of the \"rising of the new moon\" or \"the start of the month\", which\nalso is the \"first day of the month\".",
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"body": "It's sometimes read _ichinichi_ or _ippi_ , but the most recommended form is\n_tsuitachi_.",
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"creation_date": "2019-08-21T19:07:04.177",
"id": "70246",
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| 53068 | null | 53069 |
{
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"body": "What is the meaning of あれこれ and あちらこちら? Are both describe thing that plural?\nOr just 'here and there' and 'these and that' ?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T03:09:58.930",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of あれこれ and あちらこちら",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "It means this and that.\n\nFor example:\n\n * What have you been doing lately? (最近 何をしているか）\n * Well, this and that. (さあ、あれこれ)\n\nRemember that これ,それ and あれ are used as position pronouns.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T05:19:28.257",
"id": "53072",
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| 53070 | null | 53072 |
{
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"body": "Is there any difference between \"健康になったという人\" and \"健康になった人\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T05:16:41.107",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "what exactly does \"という\" mean in \"健康になったという人\"?",
"view_count": 247
} | [
{
"body": "This という can be interpreted in two ways. The one indicates\n同格・内容説明(apposition・explanation of the following word). Another indicates a\nshort form of と言うことだ(It is said).\n\nSo 健康になったという人 means the same as 健康になった人 or \"A person who is said to have\nbecome healthy\".\n\nThere are some usage of という. This link would help you. [The という in things like\n〜ということ・〜というの・〜という感じ・〜というわけ\netc](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12441/the-%e3%81%a8%e3%81%84%e3%81%86-in-\nthings-\nlike-%e3%81%a8%e3%81%84%e3%81%86%e3%81%93%e3%81%a8-%e3%81%a8%e3%81%84%e3%81%86%e3%81%ae-%e3%81%a8%e3%81%84%e3%81%86%e6%84%9f%e3%81%98-%e3%81%a8%e3%81%84%e3%81%86%e3%82%8f%e3%81%91-etc)",
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| 53071 | 53082 | 53082 |
{
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"body": "少しはマシになってきたな - it's getting a bit better.\n\nI asked someone and they told me I wrote \" You're looking a bit better\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T10:33:58.590",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Which is correct? Understanding the term マシ",
"view_count": 225
} | [
{
"body": "> 少しはマシになってきたな\n>\n> * It's getting a bit better.\n> * You're looking a bit better.\n>\n\nBoth are correct. \nAccording to [BCCWJ](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/): Balanced Corpus of\nContemporary Written Japanese, マシ is used far more for expressing the state of\nthings, but it is also used for people. \nIn the case of a person, it usually refers to that the person's health\ncondition is getting better.\n\n**For things**\n\n * １週間でもう白く水が濁り始めていました。まぁ、これで濁りは **マシになる** と思います。最後に水質向上剤。\n * ヘルメットの風切り音でしたら、空気穴を閉めれば **マシになる** と思います。\n * ＳＭＡＰの中居って最近前より歌が **マシになった** って思うのは気のせいですか？\n * 日本の景気は、来年は少しは **マシになる** でしょうか？\n * 夏休みですから混んでると思います。御盆休みよりは **マシになる** かもしれません。\n\n**For people**\n\n * とりあえず、薬飲んで寝ます。明日には少し **マシになってる** といいんだが。\n * 食べたらダメでしたので、給食でお団子やお餅が出たら、残してました。その次の日には **マシになって** 遅いものの食べれてました。\n * 背中にお肉が乗っかって首が埋もれてた。今は大分 **マシになり** 、鎖骨もその存在が分かるまでになった。こうなると二度と太りたくなくなる。\n * 少しでもキレイになろうと思って、洗顔や食べ物などにも気をつかい前よりはだいぶ **マシになり** ました。\n\n* * *\n\n# EDIT\n\n誰{だれ}かの顔｛かお｝のニキビが治｛なお｝ってきたとき、その人｛ひと｝に対｛たい｝して、「少しはマシになってきたな」と言｛い｝いますが、日本語｛にほんご｝では次｛つぎ｝のように、いずれの方法｛ほうほう｝でも表現｛ひょうげん｝できます。\n\n * 「お前のニキビが少しはマシになってきたな」\n * 「ニキビが治って、お前少しはマシになってきたな」\n\n同様｛どうよう｝に、英語｛えいご｝でも「ニキビ」に着目｛ちゃくもく｝した場合｛ばあい｝と、「ニキビの持｛も｝ち主｛ぬし｝」に着目｛ちゃくもく｝した場合｛ばあい｝とで二通｛ふたとお｝りの表現｛ひょうげん｝ができると思｛おも｝います。\n\nWhen someone's acne in the face is getting better, we say to him/her\n\"少しはマシになってきたな\". \nWe can express the phrase in the following both ways like:\n\n * \"お前のニキビが少しはマシになってきたな\".\n * \"ニキビが治って、お前少しはマシになってきたな\".\n\nNaturally I think that you can express the situation in two ways in English:\nwhen paying attention to 'acne itself' or 'acne's owner'.\n\n * \"It's getting a bit better.\"\n * \"Your acne has somewhat healed, so you are looking a bit better.\"",
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| 53075 | null | 53076 |
{
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"body": "I'm not sure if these two have the same meaning, but I don't think they bear\nthe meaning that I know which is the basic なる (to become).\n\n> 1. 内なる声と言いますか・・\n>\n> 2. 彼女よりさらに深遠の、未知なる人物こそが黒幕なのではないかと疑わせるのだ…。\n>\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T13:13:35.243",
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"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does なる mean in these cases?",
"view_count": 687
} | [
{
"body": "It's the 連体形 of the old auxiliary [なり](http://www.hello-\nschool.net/haroajapa009008.htm). You can replace it by である.",
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"body": "なる has several different meanings in Japanese. \"To become\" is just one of\nthem.\n\nFrom [this\ndictionary](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B-348198#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88),\nthere are the following meanings of it:\n\n> なる\n>\n> 〔断定の助動詞「なり」の連体形〕\n>\n> ① …にある。 「内－世界」\n>\n> ② …という名の。 「顔回{がんかい}－者」\n>\n> ③ …に当たる。…である。 「義兄－人物」\n\nYour sentence should fall into this category.",
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"body": "This なる is a form of the old copula なり (equivalent to modern だ), and\nspecifically an earlier form of the usage that became the modern な particle\nused with adjectives. There are a few adjectives that can still take なる\ninstead of な in modern Japanese; this form generally has a literary or poetic-\nsounding effect.\n\nIn the case of the specific two adjectives used here, 内 and 未知, the なる form is\nactually the only form they can take as な-adjectives in modern Japanese - 内なXX\nand 未知なXX aren't really used. However, they can be used regularly as noun\nforms, so 未知なるXX could be rephrased as the equivalent but less poetic-sounding\n未知のXX, and 内なるXX similarly as 内のXX (though in the latter case it's perhaps not\nthe most natural expression).",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T13:36:56.390",
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"body": "I would interpret “1.内なる声” as “my inner voice,” and 2.” 未知なる人物” as “the person\nI don’t know yet.” “なる” used in both examples means “which / who is,” like the\nvoice which is (sounds) in my heart, and the person whom I’ve not known / met\nyet.\n\nWe can say：\n\n複雑なる関係 – relationship which is complicated\n\n彼の妻なる女性 – a woman who is said to be his wife.\n\n日本のピカソなる棟方志功 - Munakata Shiko who is regarded as Japanese Picasso\n\n更なる投資 – further investment\n\nAll different from another usage of ….になる、meaning to become.\n\n\"ABC なる xyz\" is a pretty common usage, and not an old locution.",
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| 53077 | 53080 | 53079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53120",
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"body": "I've seen this question on Yahoo and couldn't figure out what とした exactly\nmeant.\n\n> デスノートの主人公、夜神月（ヤガミ・ライト）ですが、この名前、なかなか素敵でミステリアスで良いと思いますが、実際に自分の子供に「月（読み方はライト）」\n> **とした** 場合役所では、認めてもらえるのでしょうか？",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T15:31:44.327",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What does とした mean?",
"view_count": 243
} | [
{
"body": "> 実際に自分の子供を「月（読み方はライト）」とした場合、役所では認めてもらえるのでしょうか？\n\n=実際に自分の子供の名前を「月（読み方はライト）」 **とした場合に** （ **と、設定した場合に** ）（ **と、決めた場合に**\n）、役所の戸籍係では、認めてもらえるのでしょうか？\n\n～とした ＝～と した（”する”の過去形）\n\n~と＝as\n\nした＝did, made, decided\n\n_If I **decided** my child's name **as** \"月 (the pronunciation of it is raito)\n,\" would the authority admit the name?_",
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| 53083 | 53120 | 53120 |
{
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"body": "> 書く時には書くスタイルに合った書き言葉的表現、そして、話す時には話すスタイルに合った話し言葉的表現があることを覚えておいてください。\n\nThe above quote is from the second chapter of Tobira. My question concerns\n書き言葉的表現 and 話し言葉的表現. The book states that (書き/話し)言葉的 is a な-adjective, as are\nmost nouns attached to the 的 suffix. But why has the な been omitted between\n言葉的 and 表現? Shouldn't it be 書き言葉的な表現 and 話し言葉的な表現?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T16:13:28.493",
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"owner_user_id": "23869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Can you omit the な between な-adjectives and nouns?",
"view_count": 75
} | []
| 53084 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53093",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> シャ－カ－ン殿はファティマの碧玉…… そしてそれによって得られるファティマの至宝を狙っております。\n\nFrom the context, Shakhan(シャ－カ－ン) needs \"Fatima Jasper\"(ファティマの碧玉) to get\n\"Fatima Treasure\"(ファティマの至宝), but hasn't acquired it yet.\n\nSo would it be\n\n> \"...by means of it he is aiming to obtain the treasure of Fatima.\"\n\nor\n\n> \"...by means of it he'll be given the opportunity to aim for the treasure of\n> Fatima.\"\n\n?",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T16:33:12.487",
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"owner_user_id": "25396",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 得られる mean here?",
"view_count": 121
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{
"body": "Here ファティマの碧玉 and ファティマの至宝 are both direct objects of the verb 狙う. それによって得られる\nis a relative clause that modifies ファティマの至宝.\n\n * シャ－カ－ン殿はファティマの碧玉を狙っております。\n * そして、シャ－カ－ン殿は（それによって得られる→）ファティマの至宝を狙っております。\n\nSo the former is closer to the original Japanese sentence.\n\n> シャ－カ－ン殿はファティマの碧玉…… そしてそれによって得られるファティマの至宝を狙っております。\n>\n> * Shakhan is aiming to obtain _a)_ Fatima Jasper, and _b)_ the treasure of\n> Fatima which he can get by obtaining Fatima Jasper.\n> * Shakhan is aiming to obtain Fatima Jasper, and by extention, the\n> treasure of Fatima.\n>",
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| 53086 | 53093 | 53093 |
{
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"body": "I'm reading a story in Japanese (a short novel in digital format) and here's\ntwo lines from the end of the chapter I'm reading:\n\n> 後に、争乱の全てを知ったガーディアンの一人が口にした。\n>\n> そんな彼だからこそ、健二郎というガーディアンだからこそ、世界そのものに臨む資格があったのかもしれないと。\n\nContext - before these two lines, the author was describing the nature of a\ncharacter (健二郎) by stating some of his shortcomings, especially compared to\nhis fellow \"ガーディアン\".\n\nMy question is, A) is line 2 a quotation linked to line 1 and is basically\nquoting what \"ガーディアンの一人が口にした\"/ \"one of the guardians […] said\". I'm not sure\nif it's a direct quotation of \"ガーディアンの一人\" because there was white spacing\nbetween the two lines ( spacing between paragraphs) rather than being in one\nparagraph together. I'm not familiar with Japanese novels, so perhaps this is\na normal formatting in novels?\n\nAnd B) as for parsing the first line is how I would do it:\n\n> later on, one of the guardians who knew everything about the dispute spoke.\n\nBut is \"後に\" referring to something that will happen later or something that\nhas already happened later? I know 口にした is past tense and I'd be more inclined\nto believe the latter, however from the general context, it makes me think\nthis line is describing a future event. So perhaps it would be better parsed\nas \"later on, one of the guardians who knew everything about the dispute would\nsay it to him.\" And then insert quotation. Your help is greatly appreciated!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T16:56:01.667",
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"tags": [
"tense",
"parsing",
"quotes"
],
"title": "Help with understanding quoting in this passage, and past events or future?",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "> A) Is it a direct quotation of \"ガーディアンの一人\"\n\nIt is a quotation of \"ガーディアンの一人\", which isindicated by the last kana \"と\" in\nthe second paragraph.\n\n> B) Is this future or past\n\nFrom the contents here, I feel it is something that has already happened\nlater.\n\nIf it feels like a future event according to general context, maybe the write\nhas just shifted to another narative angle that is viewing the whole event\n(and the quote) as in the past.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T23:54:38.717",
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"body": "# English\n\n> 後に、争乱の全てを知ったガーディアンの一人が口にした。 \n> そんな彼だからこそ、健二郎というガーディアンだからこそ、世界そのものに臨む資格があったのかもしれないと。\n\nAs for the interpretation of A) and B), I think that the fefe's answer is\ncorrect.\n\nApart from fefe's answer, I'll examine and answer the questions of the\nquestioner one by one.\n\n### 1.\n\nThough the given lines are separated by a Japanese punctuation mark \"。\" and a\nwhite spacing between the two lines (spacing between paragraphs), it could be\nsaid they are connected by anastrophe or inversion. \nIn general, as in the example in (d) below, the example in which two lines of\ndifferent paragraphs are connected by inversion is not so rare in Japanese.\n\nFor example, examples from (b) to (d) made from (a) using inversion, I think\nthe last (d) is the most natural. \n(a) 雨が降ってきたと彼は言った。 \n(b) 彼は言った雨が降ってきたと。 \n(c) 彼は言った、雨が降ってきたと。 \n(d) 彼は言った。 \n雨が降ってきたと。\n\nHowever, as the questioner had a doubt, I also realized there is an additional\nwhite spacing between the two lines. I think there might be two reasons for\nthe spacing as follows.\n\nThe first reason is to enhance the effect of the inversion by not immediately\nclarifing the content of the story that was not told on the first line. By\ndoing this, you can expect various effects like to give the reader room to\nthink about the content of the story, to give expectations to the reader or to\ntease the reader.\n\nIt is sure that the second reason may be surprising, but I think that the\nspacing is an aesthetic consideration of the author.\n\nRegarding this white spacing, I assume that the author made judgment from the\nstand point of spatial arrangement of the characters of the two lines, since\nthe second line is very long or voluminous. In other word, the author thought\nthat with placing the white spacing the printed matter looked better judging\nfrom the balance. It seems to be close to the method of margin arrangement\nfrom the aesthetic point of view described by the term\n\"[布置｛ふち｝章法{しょうほう｝](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95) lit.\n_placing or allocation and punctuating method_ \" in calligraphy.\n\nTherefore, the answer to A) is \"The second line is the contents itself of the\nfirst line\".\n\n### 2.\n\nI think the reason for making the interpretation of the tense confused is the\nexistence of \"後｛のち｝に、\" at the beginning of the line. You can interpret the\nline having \"口にだす\" like the following (f) to (h). \n(f) 争乱の全てを「後に」知ったガーディアンの一人が「争乱を知る前に」口にした。 \n(g) 争乱の全てを「後に」知ったガーディアンの一人が「争乱を知ったあとで」口にした。 \n(h) 争乱の全てを知ったガーディアンの一人が「後に」口にした。\n\nExamining the two lines having inversion macroscopically, you could understand\nthat they consist of three parts as follows. \n(i) 「後に、」「ガーディアンの一人が口にした。」「〇〇だと。」\n\nIf you make this sentence into an ordinary sentence by excluding inversion, it\nbecomes as follows. \n(j) 後に、ガーディアンの一人が〇〇だと口にした。\n\nIf you put \"後に\" within the sentence, it will be either (k) or (l), but both\nhave the same tense showing the time. \n(k) ガーディアンの一人が後に〇〇だと口にした。 \n(l) ガーディアンの一人が〇〇だと後に口にした。\n\nWe couldn't know the event or time that \"後に\" in the line refers to according\nto the lines given by the questioner. \nHowever, it is obvious that \"the event or the time\" is earlier than \"口にした\".\n\"口にした\" is written in a past tense, so the fact or act of \"口にした\" is clearly a\npast event. \nThe fact that (k) and (l) seems to be correct implies that eventually the\ninterpretation of (h) in (f) to (h) seems to be correct.\n\nTherefore, the answer to B) is \"it happened in the past.\"\n\n# 日本語\n\n> 後に、争乱の全てを知ったガーディアンの一人が口にした。 \n> そんな彼だからこそ、健二郎というガーディアンだからこそ、世界そのものに臨む資格があったのかもしれないと。\n\nA)の解釈もB)の解釈も、fefeの回答が正しいと思います。 \n_As for the interpretation of A) and B), I think that the fefe's answer is\ncorrect._\n\n私なりに、質問者の質問を順番に検討し回答していきます。\n\n１．最初の文と次の文とは句点「。」や１行空けた改行を挟んで２つの文になっていますが、２つの文は倒置法でつながっています。一般に下の(d)の例にあるように、\n**２つの文が改行を挟んで倒置法で結ばれる例は、日本語ではそれほど珍しくありません** 。\n\n例えば、(a)に対する(b)から(d)の例では、最後の(d)が一番自然に感じます。 \n(a) 雨が降ってきたと彼は言った。 \n(b) 彼は言った雨が降ってきたと。 \n(c) 彼は言った、雨が降ってきたと。 \n(d) 彼は言った。 \n雨が降ってきたと。\n\nしかし、質問者が疑問を持ったように、質問者の提示した２つの文では **空白行が１行多めに入っています** 。その理由は、以下のように２つ考えられます。\n\n最初の理由は、倒置法の効果を一層高めるために、１行目で予告した話の内容をすぐに明らかにしないことです。こうすることで、読み手に話の内容を考える余地を与えるため、あるいは、読み手に期待を持たすため、あるいは読み手をじらすための効果などが期待できます。\n\n２番目の理由は、意外かもしれませんが、作者の美的な配慮であると思います。 \nこれは、２つ目の文が非常に長い（＝ボリュームが大きい）ので、作者が文字の空間的配置から判断して行ったもので、空白行を入れた方が印刷物として見たときにバランスが良いと判断したのだと思います。書道でいう「[\n**布置章法**](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95)」という用語で説明されている美的な視点からの余白処理の手法に近いものだと思われます。\n\n従って、質問者のA)に対する回答は、「２行目は、１行目の '口にした' 内容そのもの」です。\n\n２．時制の解釈を迷わすのは、冒頭の「後に、」だと思われます。「口にした」の文は、次の(f)から(h)のように解釈することが可能です。\n\n(f) 争乱の全てを「 **後に** 」知ったガーディアンの一人が「争乱を知る前に」口にした。 \n(g) 争乱の全てを「 **後に** 」知ったガーディアンの一人が「争乱を知ったあとで」口にした。 \n(h) 争乱の全てを知ったガーディアンの一人が「 **後に** 」口にした。\n\n倒置法を使った２つの文を巨視的に見ますと、次のように３つの部分から成り立っています。 \n(i) 「後に、」「ガーディアンの一人が口にした。」「〇〇だと。」\n\n倒置法を外して普通の文にしますと、次のようになります。 \n(j) 後に、ガーディアンの一人が〇〇だと口にした。\n\n「後に」を文の中に入れると、(k)か(l)のいずれかになりますが、いずれも時制的には同じです。 \n(k) ガーディアンの一人が **後に** 〇〇だと口にした。 \n(l) ガーディアンの一人が〇〇だと **後に** 口にした。\n\n確かに(l)の中の「後に」が、「何の後に」であるのかは質問者から与えられた文のどこにも書かれていない。しかし、「何」は「口にした」より過去であることは明白である。「口にした」が過去形で書かれているので、「口にした」事実は明らかに過去の出来事である。\n\n(K)と(l)が正しそうだということは、結局(f)から(h)の中では、(h)の解釈が正しそうだとわかります。\n\n従って、質問者のB)に対する回答は「過去」のことです。",
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| 53087 | null | 53091 |
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"body": "Is it possible for me to use あの人は その人は この人は to address somebody (instead of\nusing their name) who is beside me because i'm doing a presentation and i'm\nrequired to describe somebody but that person will also be there to describe\nhimself. If it is possible which one is the most suitable? Or is there any\nother way to adress them",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-06T19:47:21.247",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"phrase-requests",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "How can I explain about someone who is beside without saying their name for example \"he likes to eat fruits\"",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "この人 etc are OK, but could sound a little too casual and intimate for to some\nextent formal situations. Basically, 彼 or 彼女 are safer in those cases.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T11:33:36.617",
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| 53089 | null | 53110 |
{
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"body": "From [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/46606/how-\nis-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F-formed) I found the following\nsentence:\n\n> 彼は壁を赤くではなく青く塗った\n\nI was wondering specifically about 赤く＋ではなく. Does ではなく just attach regardless?\n\nThe question described ではなくas だ＋は＋ない using their connective forms. But with い\nadjectives and adverbs, 赤いだ and 赤くだ aren't ever used, riight? Or does that\njust not matter?\n\nI don't really see any alternative, but perhaps would 赤くてはなく (is not red but)\nor something similar work?\n\nThanks, and sorry if it's an easy question or repeat",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-06T23:50:38.677",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"adverbs",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "ではなく（て） with Adjectives/Adverbs",
"view_count": 693
} | [
{
"body": "I think you should think AではなくB as a idiom and it can be mixed with words of\nvarious grammatical roles.\n\nIn the case of a verb, it is 私は、歩いてではなく(歩くのではなく)走って学校に行く.\n\nIn the case of a noun, it is 私は、はしではなくフォークでご飯を食べる。\n\nIn the case of a adverb, it is 私は時間がちょっとではなくたくさんほしい。\n\nIn the case of a i-adjective which modifies a verb, it is 彼は壁を赤くではなく青く塗った.\n\nIn the case of a i-adjective, it isn't この壁は赤くではなく青い but この壁は赤くなく青い.\n\nIn the case of a na-adjectiv, it is 私は英語が嫌いではなく好きだ。",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T04:21:58.193",
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"body": "This may just be a lazy Tokyo colloquialism, but the closest phrasing we\nregularly use is **赤い** ？ **赤く** はないけど... but that structure is using\nadjectives in both sentences. If you think of the adverbs as independent\nunits, the phrasing **早く** 寝た？ **早く** ではなくいつも通り寝た。becomes more palatable.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T06:07:50.507",
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"body": "赤いだ is impossible but 赤くだ can happen. e.g 色が変わったというのは青くではなく赤くだ: The color\nhaving changed doesn't mean into blue but into red.\n\nThe example sentence is difficult to rephrase, apart from 赤ではなく.\n\n赤くてはなく is ungrammatical.\n\nOn the other hand, a structure like 赤くはなく青く塗った per se is possible. However in\nthis case, it's a weird expression because it would mean that being blue and\nbeing red essentially can simultaneously happen.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T09:54:03.930",
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| 53090 | 53097 | 53097 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53095",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've read that ピカドン (onomatopoeia for a flash and for a loud bang) is used for\natomic bombs, but is it, or was it prior to Hiroshima, used to describe the\nflash of lightning and the sound of thunder?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-07T03:21:31.130",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Is or was ピカドン used for lightning and thunder?",
"view_count": 593
} | [
{
"body": "Both ピカピカ and ドン/ドーン were (and still are) fairly common and generic\nonomatopoeias. ピカピカ existed before WWII (confirmed on 青空文庫).\n\nIf I understand correctly, their combination, ピカドン, [specifically referred to\natomic\nbombs](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3). It\noriginated from onomatopoeias, but ピカドン itself is a noun.",
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| 53094 | 53095 | 53095 |
{
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"body": "Can someone explain to me in colloquial term the difference between plain-\nform（普通形【ふつうけい】） and dictionary-form（辞書形【じしょけい】）of the verbs? As far as I can\ntell there is no difference between the two but my school book says plain-form\nand dictionary-form separately.\n\nI would really appreciate it if someone can clear this up for me. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T06:08:34.893",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What is the difference between plain form and dictionary form of the verbs?",
"view_count": 8330
} | [
{
"body": "My guess is that your book talks of \"plain-form\" when is referring to a style\nof speech. For example, in casual conversation you use the _plain-form_ as\nopposed to the \"polite-form\" (普通形{ふつうけい} and 丁寧形{ていねいけい} respectively in\nJapanese).\n\nIn some cases this happens to be the same as the dictionary-form or\n辞書形｛じしょけい｝. Specifically in the non-past and positive case:\n\nFor example:\n\n> **Polite** : 学校に行きます。\n>\n> **Casual** : 学校 **行く** 。\n\nIn the second case you're using a plain-form that _happens to be_ just the\ndictionary form. So there is no difference here.\n\nHowever, in general the \"plain-form\" could be really anything. That is,\nwhatever the conjugation of the verb you still call it \"plain form\". Using the\nsame example as above:\n\n> **Polite** : 昨日、学校に行きませんでした。\n>\n> **Casual** : 昨日、学校 **行かなかった** 。\n\nSo in this second example, the verb is in the the _negative past plain form_.\nSo you notice that although this is still called \"plain-form\" it is not the\nsame as the dictionary form in this case (the latter being 行く of course).\n\nSo, to resume:\n\n**Dictionary form** : is the form of the verb as it is found in the dictionary\n(not surprisingly).\n\n**Plain form** : it indicates a form of the verb that is generally used in\ncasual/non-formal conversations and it includes present/past and\naffirmative/negative conjugations (in other words dictionary/root form, -nai,\n-ta, and -nakatta forms).\n\nYou can see more\n[here](https://www.coscom.co.jp/japaneseverb/japaneseverb01-jpr.html).",
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{
"body": "If you refer to 普通形{ふつうけい} as plain form, you should know that 辞書形{じしょけい} is\npart of the 普通形{ふつうけい} as the less polite equivalent to the マス形{けい}.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T06:26:13.830",
"id": "53104",
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| 53101 | 53103 | 53103 |
{
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"body": "Not sure how to say \"I got used to it compared to before\" or something\nsimilar:\n\n> 1. 前よりに慣れるようになった。\n> 2. 前よりに慣れるのです。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-07T07:30:07.817",
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"id": "53105",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Not sure how to say \"I got used to it compared to before\" or something similar",
"view_count": 254
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, the 前よりに that appears in both of your candidate sentences\ndoesn't make any sense. に can't attach to 前より, so the expression should be\neither just 前より慣れる or 前より **それに** 慣れる (where それ could be replaced by more\nspecifically whatever it is you're talking about getting used to).\n\nSecondly, in your first candidate, the ように doesn't really fit in this\nexpression. ～ようになる in this sense is used to express something you're doing\nmore frequently than before, but since 慣れる refers to the _process_ of becoming\nused to something, it doesn't make much sense to talk about doing it more\nfrequently. It would be like saying in English \"I've got into the habit of\ngetting used to it\" - it implies that you have to get used to it all over\nagain every time. So it would make more sense to simply omit the ようになった here\nand say 前より慣れた.\n\nAs for your second candidate sentence, the only real problem with it (aside\nfrom the unnecessary に previously mentioned) is that it's not in the past\ntense - so it doesn't mean \"I've got used to it\", it means \"I get used to it\".\nAgain, this doesn't seem very natural since it's a habitual expression,\nwhereas \"getting used to something\" is a process that usually only happens\nonce over a period of time. If you change the sentence into the past tense\n(前より慣れたのです) it's perfectly acceptable.\n\nSo in conclusion, neither of your suggested sentences are perfect as-is, but\nthey would be fine with a little adjustment, as 前より慣れた(のです). To make it sound\neven more natural, and perhaps include a little more of the\ngradual/comparative sense that I think you were trying to achieve with the\nようになる, I would perhaps suggest something like 前より慣れてきた, where the きた suggests\na gradual process that's still in progress.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T09:42:04.890",
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| 53105 | 53108 | 53108 |
{
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"body": "From <http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B-ni-\nyotte-ni-yoru/>: \n人によって考え方が違う。 \nEveryone has a different point of view. \nhito ni yotte kangaekata ga chigau.\n\nCan I use 人に対して考え方が違う(hito ni taishite kangaekata ga chigau). \nUsing the \"in regards to\" meaning of に対して(ni taishite).\n\nAlso I'm confused as to why these 2 have to be used. In many cases I feel that\nthe 対して(taishite)/よって(yotte) can just be changed to 'には(ni wa)' and convey the\nsame meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-07T07:58:45.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53106",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-07T09:10:15.527",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-07T08:31:20.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "903",
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between ni Yotte and ni Taishite",
"view_count": 2321
} | [
{
"body": "**によって** and **に対して** are not interchangeable. They are also not replaceable\nwith **には**.\n\n人 **によって** 考え方が違う。Depending on the person, thoughts differ.\n\n人 **に対して** 考え方が違う。Thoughts regarding people differ.\n\n（何か） **に対して** 、人 **によって** 考え方が違う。 In regards to (some topic), depending on the\nperson, thoughts differ.\n\n人（人間） **に対して** 人 **によって** 考え方が違う。Depending on the person, thoughts regarding\npeople (humanity) differ.\n\n海外の人 **には** 、人 **によって** 考え方が違う。Among foreigners, depending on the person,\nthoughts differ.\n\n* * *\n\n**によって** is specifying a separate relationship with each member of the subject\ngroup and the predicate.\n\n**に対して** is presenting its object in opposition to the subject.\n\nFor example:\n\n報告書 **によって** 、結果が違う。Depending on the report, the results differ.\n\n報告書 **に対して** 、結果が違う。Regarding the report, the results differ (from something\nelse, not necessarily other reports).\n\n**には** is a method of refining the subject of discussion. The nuance, and\ngrammatical use, is quite different from the other two. That doesn't seem to\nbe your main question, though, so I'll leave it at that regarding **には**.",
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| 53106 | 53107 | 53107 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53113",
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"body": "Does「自己紹介を短いようにする」mean \"I will make my introduction short\".\n\nI want to say \"I can only speak a little Japanese, so I'll make my\nintroduction short\".\n\n「日本語が少ししか話せないので、自己紹介を短いようにする。」\n\nI'm not sure what the effect of 「ように」is. Or is it alright to just say 「短くする」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-07T13:28:37.453",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "I will make make my introduction short",
"view_count": 94
} | [
{
"body": "> 日本語が少ししか話せないので、自己紹介を **短いように** する。\n\nThis is weird and unnatural to my ears.\n\n> 日本語が少ししか話せないので、自己紹介を **短く** する。\n\nThis is perfect.\n\n> 日本語が少ししか話せないので、自己紹介を **長くならないように** する。\n\nThis is perfect, too.",
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| 53112 | 53113 | 53113 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53118",
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"body": "```\n\n 本名ジョー•力石、現箱さき親方\n \n```\n\n現 is reality/consciousness or present/current, 箱 is box/shamisen, 親方 is\nmaster/craftsman. And さき is 先? So 現箱さき親方 is \"top shamisen craftsman of the\npresent day\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T14:21:17.650",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-09-07T15:49:22.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "25396",
"owner_user_id": "25396",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 現箱さき親方?",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "I think 箱さき is his name as a sumo stable master. 現 means 現在の, which means\n\"present\". Probably this 親方 means \"a sumo stable master\". So it means \"The\npresent Hakosaki sumo stable master\".\n\nYou may wonder why the word \"present\" is necessary. It is because sumo stable\nmasters take on the names of their masters. Thus there must be a way to\ndistinguish between the present and past masters.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T16:36:23.720",
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| 53114 | 53118 | 53118 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53117",
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"body": "> たこ焼きはタコと小麦粉と卵で作ることができます\n\nは particle there is used as topic marker.\n\nで particle there is used as material marker.\n\n 1. can you explain me what role of が there? object of できます or because \"new information\" to listener or something else？\n\n 2. is でき a verb like in english? does it always come at the end of sentence especially if there are verbs more than once?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-07T15:27:44.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53116",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-09-08T15:55:49.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "18316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "が in たこ焼きはタコと小麦粉と卵で作ることができます",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "できる in the sense of \"to be able to do something\" is a little unusual as verbs\ngo, in that what you would normally think of as the object (the nominalised\naction that you can do) always takes the subject particle が. できる never takes\nthe particle を, and is used as follows:\n\n> 私は数学ができる。 I can do maths. \n> 私は平泳ぎができる。 I can do the breaststroke. \n> 私は高く飛ぶことができる。 I can jump high.\n\nThe reason behind this is probably because できる is originally an intransitive\nverb with the basic meaning of \"to come into existence\", \"to be made\", \"to\ntake shape\". It's still commonly used in this sense, in sentences like:\n\n> 新しい城ができた。 \"A new castle has **been built**.\" \n> 車は速く動くようにできている。 \"Cars **are made** to move fast.\"\n\nThis sense can also be extended to less literal usages, such as:\n\n> 私は彼氏ができた。 \"I got myself a boyfriend.\" \n> (literally: \"As for me, a boyfriend **came into existence**.\")\n\nAnd I believe the sense we're interested in here, of \"being able to do\nsomething\", is actually an extension of this kind of usage.\n\n> 私は平泳ぎができる。 \"I can do the breaststroke.\" \n> (literally: \"As for me, the breaststroke **takes shape**.\") \n> 私は高く飛ぶことができる。 \"I can jump high.\" \n> (literally: \"As for me, the thing of jumping high **takes shape**.\")\n\nOf course, nobody really thinks of it in this way - for all practical\npurposes, できる is used in the same way as the English \"can do\". But because of\nthese roots, grammatically it takes the action itself as a subject, not an\nobject.\n\nThe relationship between Japanese できる and English \"can do\" in this usage is\nactually almost identical to that between Japanese ある and English \"have\". In\nboth cases the root meaning of the verb is intransitive (できる = \"to come into\nexistence\", ある = \"to exist\"), but they are also used to express a meaning that\nis expressed with a transitive verb in English (\"to be able to do\" and \"to\nhave\"). In both cases the object of the relevant verb in English becomes the\nsubject in Japanese:\n\n> 彼は **お金が** ある。 \"He has **money**.\" \n> 彼は **数学が** できる。 \"He can do **maths**.\"\n\nWhilst what would be the subject in English - the person who has the object /\nis able to do the action - can either be the topic of the sentence, or\nalternatively can be stated as an indirect object with に. In basic sentences\nthis に will generally also be topicalised:\n\n> **彼は** お金がある = **彼には** お金がある \n> **彼は** 数学ができる = **彼には** 数学ができる\n\nBut the に can also occur on its own, for instance in questions:\n\n> **彼に** 何がある？ \"What does he have?\" \n> **彼に** 何ができる？ \"What can he do?\"",
"comment_count": 4,
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| 53116 | 53117 | 53117 |
{
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"body": "I am wondering about the long vowel _e_ , and whether it is _-ee_ or _-ei_.\nLet's use _hē_ as an example, is _hē_ written as へい or へえ?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T20:56:49.533",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"hiragana",
"spelling",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "Hiragana - Long vowel e (ei or ee)",
"view_count": 5050
} | [
{
"body": "Long vowel E is usually written using い, so, へい is correct. There are some\nexceptions where it is written with え such as ねえさん、but these are exceptions to\nthe rule, and don't change pronunciation.\n\nThere are also a few other ways the vowel can be written as extended:\nsometimes the ー mark will be used just as in katakana, and sometimes a smaller\nえ is used, for example when ending a sentence with ねぇ. However, again, these\nare exceptions, so it's best to assume that the vowel is extended with い.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-07T23:34:24.997",
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"body": "The proper way to write the extended え-sound (hē, in your question) would\nusually be written as へい. In casual writings though most people don't make\nsuch a distinction.\n\nRead the [explanation for long sound\nhere](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Ch%C5%8Donpu).",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-18T01:42:29.523",
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"body": "In theory, “ええ” and “えい” are two distinct phonemic segments, mapping to /ee/\nand /ei/ respectively.\n\nIn practice, however, the latter is often pronounced as the former, even in\nincreasingly formal contexts, but theoretically they are distinct. — we are\ncurrently witnessing the middle of a phonemic merger in a language. As time\ngoes on, one would expect the /ei/ pronunciation to sound increasingly more\noutdated, until it is considered completely incorrect, and the segments have\ncompletely merged.\n\nThus, “えい” can always be pronounced as “ええ”, but not _vice versā_.\n\nThis rule does not apply across morpheme boundaries; across morpheme\nboundaries, such as in the common “している”, it must always be pronounced /ei/.\n\nThus “ええ” is the correct “long e”.\n\nIt should also be said that phonemically Japanese does not have “long vowels”\nwhich are a phonetic realization if successive identical vowels, or, in some\nanalyses a vowel an a chroneme. The underlying form of [e:] can either be\nanalysed as /ee/ or /eR/ depending on whom one speaks to, never as /e:/, which\nis applicable to, say, Latin, which has a true distinction between short and\nlong vowels.\n\n[This discussion](https://www.japan-\nguide.com/forum/quereadisplay.html?0+130884) provides some insight from some\nnative speakers on the matter.",
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{
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"body": "In the context of 「冬場は朝の空気がピンと張{は}りつめている」I'm confused about 「張りつめている」.\n\nI've seen examples where `空気が張りつめている` means `a tense atmosphere/air,` but how\nwould this be expressed in the context of \"winter morning air\"? Can winter\nmorning air be \"tense\"? And would this a positive or negative feeling?\n\nI've come across a synonym in an online dictionary that said \"tingling\" but\ngave no example. When I think of \"tingling/tingley\" I think of \"electrifying\"\nor \"chill(ing)\" - something that sends a feeling through your body - so would\nit be a stretch to say that this could possibly be similar to `brisk` or\n`crisp` or `bracing` (or any other synonym of \"brisk\")? I just can't get past\na description of winter morning air as being `tense` or `stifling`.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-07T23:39:08.097",
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"owner_user_id": "20056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does 「張りつめている」 mean?",
"view_count": 522
} | [
{
"body": "If **空気がピンと張っている** is difficult to understand, I think that **\"空気が澄んでいる** :\nthe air/atmosphere is pure\" is close. If the temperature is low and dry, there\nusually is not so much water vapor in the air, it normally doesn't contain\nmuch dust, sand or something. Then you can feel the pure air. You may feel\nlively. I think it's a close feel of **\"空気がピンと張り詰めている\".**\n\nNew edition of Edit 1:\n\nNormally on a cold day, air(it contains water vapor) which is a gaseous state\ntends to be solid state, which is likely to be a crystal. It's more ordered\nand lucid. if you have ever touched crystal, it's rigid, tense.\n\n\"空気がピンと張っている” is more of a metaphorical expression, it's not really talking\nabout physics or chemistry though, but it might be related to the condition\nthat the air has been changing into a more rigid state.\n\nBelow Old edition: which is more related to stifling case, stressful\nsituation.\n\n\"張る\" is used when you string your guitar. **ギターの弦を強く張る.** implies to string\nyour guitar tighter. If you ever have strung a guitar and the string is not\ntight, it sounds really dull and not tense. On the other hand, if your guitar\nstring is very tight, it sounds sharper but maybe making you worry about due\nto the high tension of guitar string. It might lead to the guitar being\nbroken. **\"空気がピンと張り詰めている\"** is a metaphorical expression. But it may be\nrelated to guitar. The high strung guitar is high tension, then it leads to\nbroken guitar. So, if the air of some situation is in a high tension, it might\nbe going to be broken.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-08T23:18:10.840",
"id": "53142",
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"body": "# English\n\n> 空気{くうき}がピンと張｛は｝り詰｛つ｝めている \n> Literally it could be said, \" _the air is tightly tense up to the limit_ \".\n\nIn Japanese, this is the common expression describing the temperature is very\nlow in winter. Please remember it as a set phrase. It has nothing to do with\n\"to be tense\" in English, but as kimi Tanaka explains earnestly, in Japanese\nwe feel the air tightens metaphorically when it is cold like a string of the\ngiutar \"is in high tension\".\n\nOn the contrary, we say \"寒｛さむ｝さが緩｛ゆる｝む _It gets warmer._ literally _the cold\ntemperature becomes loosened_ \". \"To loosen\" is an antonym for \"to tighten\" or\n\"to strain\". When it gets warmer, the cat lies in a sunny place and often\nlooks \"get relaxed\" or \"be loosened\".\n\nIf you can understand a little that \"寒さが緩む\" means \"it gets warmer\", please\nunderstand that \"空気が張り詰める\" or \"空気がピンと張る\" means \"the temperature is low\" as the\nopposite meaning of \"空気が緩む\".\n\n* * *\n\n### EDIT\n\n\"空気がピンと張り詰める\" must be cold and **dry** that is also written in kimi Tanaka's\nanswer.\n\nI looked up in an English dictionary at hand and I found the meaning for\n\"crisp\". It says:\n\n> ### crisp\n>\n> adj. \n> 1. hard; dry; easily broken \n> ... \n> 3. **(of the air, weather, etx.) cold, dry, and fresh: crisp winter day** \n> ...\n\nI think the third meaning of \"crisp\" is something like \"空気がピンと張り詰めている\".\n\n# 日本語\n\n> 空気がピンと張り詰めている\n\n日本語では冬になって、気温が大変低いことをこのように表現します。セットフレーズとして覚えてください。英語の to be tense\nとは全く関係ありませんが、kimi\nTanakaさんが丁寧に説明しているように、日本語では寒いことをギターの「弦が張っている」ように感じて、比喩的に表現します。\n\n逆に、気温が上昇して暖かくなることを、「寒さが緩｛ゆる｝む」と言います。「緩む」は「張る」や「緊張する」の反意語です。暖かくなると、猫が日当たりの良い場所で体を伸ばして「弛緩している」あるいは「リラックスして寝そべって」姿をよく見ます。「弛緩する」は\n英語では _get relaxed_ or _be loosened_ に当たります。\n\n「寒さが緩む」が暖かくなることであると少し理解できるなら、その反対の意味として「空気がピンと張る」「空気が張り詰める」は「気温が低い」ことだと理解してください。",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 53123 | null | 53142 |
{
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"body": "I recently learned the word 運輸{うんゆ}, which has ん immediately followed by ゆ.\nHowever, seeing this made me wonder in what way this is different to にゅ. I\ncan't imagine that there's much of a difference in pronunciation because both\nhave n immediately followed by y, so I thought this might be similar to how\ndouble consonants use ん instead of っ.\n\nIs there a difference between んや、んよ、んゆ and にゃ、にょ、にゅ, or is it simply a\ndifference in how they're written?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of n+y consonants",
"view_count": 327
} | [
{
"body": "ん is not really n. We romanize it as so, but it's really ŋ.\n\nActually, you can already pronounce it. Start by saying \"sing.\" Then, say it\nwithout the g. But not as seen. Finish in the position of saying g, but don't\nsay g. In contrast, try saying \"seen guh.\" You can also find this sound in\nankle and a few other words.\n\nSo, にゃ is exactly as you think and one syllable. But んや is two syllables ŋ+ya.\nBut really, うんゆ is two syllables うん+ゆ.\n\nHope this clarifies everything.",
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"body": "There is a difference in pronunciation. Between vowels (and at the end of\nwords), the moraic nasal (ん) becomes a nasalized echo of the preceding vowel.\nThe contrast can be seen when transcribed into the IPA in the following (I\nhave placed the period between mora rather than syllables for the sake of\ndemonstrating the difference in the length of the words too):\n\n * うんゆ: /u.ũ.ju/\n * うにゅ: /u.nju/\n\nうにゅ isn't a word though. For an example of real (if uncommon) words, here's\none pair:\n\n * 漢音（かんおん）: /ka.ã.o.õ/\n * 観音（かんのん）: /ka.n.no.õ/\n\nWhile nasal vowels are fairly common across languages, English doesn't feature\nthem on a phonemic level, so it might take some practice to learn how to\npronounce them.",
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| 53124 | 53137 | 53127 |
{
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"body": "A fiend of mine wants to name a plant San-san, but written correctly.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-08T01:07:35.867",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"names",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "If I were named San, and somebody wanted to write out my name with the san honorific, what would it look like?",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "Given as how a Japanese person is unlikely to be named \"San\", the name itself\nshould be written in Katakana. The \"-san\" honorific is always written in\nHiragana. Therefore:\n\n> **サン** さん \n> **San** -san",
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| 53125 | 53126 | 53126 |
{
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"body": "I've heard that when it comes to naming their first born sons, Japanese\nparents often use the kanji for \"one\", \"一\" like \"一郎\" for example, as their\ngiven names, and for second or third sons the kanji for two and three may be\nused respectively.\n\nHowever, is it strange to come across names where \" 一 \" Is used in one's given\nname even if they aren't the first born son? I ask this because I'm reading a\nJapanese light novel where the character's name is 一温 and not much is known\nabout his siblings but it seems as if he might have an older brother.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-08T01:56:25.733",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "A question about Japanese names with \" 一 \" kanji",
"view_count": 475
} | [
{
"body": "一, 二, 三 are used for the part of boy's given name, and they are few to be used\nfor girls. Although they are not decided to use them in order of birth,\ngenerally they are used in order of birth. For example, if 三 is used for the\neldest brother in the family as part of the name, and a brother born later is\ngiven 一 in its name, they would be asked the reason sometimes in various\noccasions for the rest of their life, which is easily understood to be very\nannoying for them. Therefore it is not clever to force such an exception. \nBy the way, examples such as\n\"[加藤一二三](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%97%A4%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89)\n_Hifumi Kato_ \", a master of Japanese Shōgi also known as Japanese chess\nworld, and \"山本五十六 _[Isoroku\nYamamoto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto)_ \", a Japanese\nMarshal Admiral of the Navy and the commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet\nduring World War II until his death, have nothing to do with the oder of their\nbirth. As for \"五十六 lit. _fifty-six_ in 山本五十六 is the age of his father when he\nwas born.",
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| 53128 | null | 53131 |
{
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"body": "I would like to know if Noun+でいる is grammatically correct, and when to use the\nsentence structure. Here is how I analyze the sentence:\n\n勝った + つもり(N, thought) + でいる + やがる(inflection, showing contempt)\n\nAnd the meaning of the sentence is \"(He) thought he won.\"\n\nBut \"Noun+でいる\" is not a legal 接続 as far as I know. Is \"つもりでいる\" an exception?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-09-08T04:51:27.120",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"slang"
],
"title": "Is \"勝ったつもりでいやがる\" grammatically correct?",
"view_count": 754
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{
"body": "The structure of a noun with でいる is valid, to begin with, and the difference\nbetween である is that the でいる version means that the speaker is, compared with\nである, conscious that the state could only continue for a limited period.\n\nFor example, 母でいる may sound paradoxical because being 母 is permanent, but it's\nactually an expression that implies that you need some effort to be someone's\nmother.\n\nLikewise, 買ったつもりでいる implies that such euphoria won't last long.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-10T06:18:13.600",
"id": "53159",
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"body": "> * I would like to know if Noun+でいる is grammatically correct.\n> * Is \"つもりでいる\" an exception?\n>\n\nYes, it is grammatically correct, and \"つもりでいる\" is not an exception.\n\nFirst of all I highly evaluate the question by the questioner. The reason for\nthis is that the expression \"つもりでいる\" in Japanese is quite familiar, and it is\neasy to understand that \"つもり\" is a noun, but if you replace \"つもり\" part with\nanother noun at hand it generally does not make sense as Japanese. Why? It's\nvery interesting to see what kind of secret is hidden in \"つもりでいる\".\n\nI searched for the example of \"＊＊＊でいる\" in BCCWJ: Balanced Corpus of\nContemporary Written Japanese [here](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/). As\na search result of 500 examples, most of the examples having a noun that\ncorresponds to \"つもり\" part was \"つもりでいる\" posted by the questioner. Though other\nexamples were not so many, I could collect some, so after classifying the\nexamples, I'll show them as follows:\n\n(1) 一人{ひとり}でいる、二人{ふたり}でいる、 皆{みんな}でいる \n(2) 正直｛しょうじき｝でいる、 嘘｛うそ｝つきでいる \n(3) 笑顔｛えがお｝でいる、 泣｛な｝き顔｛がお｝でいる、しかめ面｛つら｝でいる、しかめっ面｛つら｝でいる、 知｛し｝らん顔｛かお｝ でいる \n(4) 気持{きも}ちでいる \n(5) ありのままの姿{すがた}でいる、ずぶ濡{ぬ}れでいる \n(6) 元気{げんき}でいる、達者{たっしゃ}でいる、病弱{びょうじゃく}でいる \n(7) 友達{ともだち}でいる (、母｛はは｝でいる) \n(8) 孤独{こどく}でいる\n\nNext, I highly appreciate user 4092's finding and/or knowledge that \"つもりでいる\"\ncould be explained clearly by letting it compared with and clearing the\ndifference with \"つもりである\". With this knowledge, it became also very easy for me\nto explain how \"つもりでいる\" works.\n\nI know my understanding partially overlaps with user 4092's finding and/or\nknowledge, I think the biggest difference between \"である\" and \"でいる\" is that the\nformer describes the objective fact, state or condition, while the latter\nexplains the fact, state or condition combined with the will or intention of\nthe person who has them relating to them. In short, it is the difference\nbetween objective state and subjective state.\n\nAs for \"つもりでいる\" that the questioner posted and there were the most usage\nexamples, it could be translated into English as \"I have an intention that\",\n\"I'm trying to\" or \"I'm going to\". Unlike the examples shown from (1) to (8),\nthis is a special example in which the meaning of the speaker's will and\nintention is included from the beginning in the noun \"つもり\" itself, so when it\nis used in \"つもりである\", it seems to be an example where the meaning does not\nchange much as compared with other examples. Nouns of this kind having the\nnuance of \"will\", \"intention\" or \"judgement\" as \"思い\", \"考え\", \"判断\" and \"理解\"\ncould be expressed as follows, they make sense and their meanings would not\nchange much used in \"である\" form as: \"思いでいる\" － \"思いである\", \"考えでいる\" － \"考えである\",\n\"判断でいる\" － \"判断である\" and \"理解でいる\" － \"理解である\".\n\nIf you change the examples from (1) to (8) to \"である\" form, there are many cases\nsound strange as Japanese. In those cases, if you change them to \"です\" form,\nthey make sense as ordinary Japanese.\n\nThe humble form \"おります\" of \"いる\" is often used in a letter, postal card or\ne-mail in the form of \"でおります\" instead of \"でいる\". This expression is\nconveniently used when expressing the feelings of the sender along with the\nstate of the sender of the letter.\n\n\"である\" or \"です\" is a copula and there is no intention or will in its use, while\n\"でいる\" needs the intention or will of the owner of the noun, so nouns which\nhave neither will nor intention, such as flowers, trees, stones, etc. that are\nnouns at hand could not be used in \"でいる\" form.",
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"id": "53190",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "53129",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 53129 | 53190 | 53159 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53189",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": ">\n> 例年ありますからね。『まあ、もらえるんだろうな』とは思ってましたけど、実際、いまこうやって目の前にするまでは、この権利証があるのかどうか、よくわからなかったですし。\n\nIn the context the speaker is recieving a contract (let's say a job contract).\nIn this particular scene he is sitting on a chair with the contract laying in\nfront of him on a table, he is acting very cocky because he won a similar\ncontract years ago but was cheated out the job, so he is trying to remind that\nto the company.\n\n> 実際、いまこうやって目の前にするまでは\n\nIs this sentence implying that the speaker wasn't expecting to see the\ncontract laying in front of him, or is it implying that he was expecting it\nand it was the only way to know he'd be getting the contract. Also, I'm not\nsure whether いま is connected to こうやって or to まで.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-08T12:16:00.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53132",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-11T05:16:48.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Nuanced meaning of 実際、いまこうやって目の前にするまでは",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "He has inferred there should be the contract as same as previous years'\nwinners. But he was cheated out of the job contract before. Therefore, in his\ncase, the very moment he is seeing the contract just in front of him, he has\nnot been so sure if he could expect the contract will exist in the world or\nnot.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-11T05:16:48.437",
"id": "53189",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "53132",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 53132 | 53189 | 53189 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53136",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 社長から電話が **かかってきた** とき、私は子供とピクニックに出かける準備をしていた\n\nI found this question on a JLPT N4 exercise, What I knew about the てくる is to\ndo something and go back or to become, but I don't really think both might\nmake sense.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-08T13:05:45.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53133",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-08T14:23:18.593",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-08T13:55:29.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "25732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "What is the usage of てくる in this sentence?",
"view_count": 231
} | [
{
"body": "According to jisho.org,\n[かかる](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%8E%9B%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8B) can be used to mean\n`to get a call` (definition 13) which was phrased by them as\n[`電話が掛かる`](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%8C%E6%8E%9B%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8B)\n(usually written without kanji).\n\nUnderstanding 〜てくる as 'start to verb' is a good starting point, but that isn't\nthe only way to understand it, neither is it the best. In this particular\ncase, we would best be able to understand its meaning with かかる. My\nunderstanding of かかってくる in this particular sentence is either `came` or\n`received.` In light of the full translation, this might make more sense.\n\n> 社長から電話がかかってきたとき、私は子供とピクニックに出かける準備をしていた\n\nMy translation is as follows:\n\n> When I got a phone call from my manager, I was preparing to go on a picnic\n> with my children.\n\nOr in a less wordy sense:\n\n> I was getting ready to go on a picnic with my kids when my manager called.\n\nI would suggest that you read up on 〜てくる a little more. Here is a [good\nresource.](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B-te-kuru/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-08T14:23:18.593",
"id": "53136",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-08T14:23:18.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "53133",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 53133 | 53136 | 53136 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53135",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was taking a look at Wikipedia's page on the [Ryukyuan\nlanguages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages) when I came\nacross the following picture:\n\n\n\nThe billboard on the left features three kana-like characters that I have\nnever seen before, and that are not part of the gojuuon system. Interestingly,\nthey are not listed on Wikipedia's page for [Okinawan\nscripts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawan_scripts) either, despite this\npage detailing four different transcription systems (Conventional, Council,\nRyukyu University, and New Okinawan).\n\nGiven that the caption below this picture says that it was taken in the town\nof Kin, I presume that the sign is written in a Kunigami language variety?\nHowever, I can't seem to find any references that describe a unique kana\nsystem for this area. Would anyone be able to provide any references that list\nthe readings for these characters (and any others that may be in use for this\nlanguage variety)? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-08T13:11:15.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53134",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-08T13:53:37.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25070",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"kana",
"ryukyuan-languages"
],
"title": "What are these Okinawan kana-like characters?",
"view_count": 1351
} | [
{
"body": "In this webpage\n[沖縄の言葉で書かれた注意書きがわからなすぎる](http://portal.nifty.com/kiji/170430199498_1.htm),\nthere is the following picture:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JecmA.jpg)\n\nComparing this one with the one in your post makes me think that maybe it is\njust your picture is missing some paint.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-08T13:53:37.237",
"id": "53135",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-08T13:53:37.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "903",
"parent_id": "53134",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 53134 | 53135 | 53135 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do Japanese people hand-write the Japanese Quotation Marks (「 」)? Is there\na correct stroke order?\n\nI am asking specifically about those used in horizontal writing, although I\nwouldn't mind knowing about the vertical ones too.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-08T15:23:41.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53138",
"last_activity_date": "2017-10-26T23:57:35.650",
"last_edit_date": "2017-10-26T23:57:35.650",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25734",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"handwriting",
"punctuation",
"quotes",
"stroke-order",
"stroke-count"
],
"title": "Quotation Mark Stroke Order",
"view_count": 550
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, I believe the stroke order works as normal, starting from the top down.\nSo with '「' you would write the top horizontal line first then as a separate\nstroke or carrying on from the left corner of the line do the vertical line.\n\n(In modern writing this is usually done in one stroke but I've seen both\nstyles.)\n\nThen with the other bracket simply do the reverse, the vertical line then the\nhorizontal starting from right to left.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-10-26T22:34:08.497",
"id": "54070",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25348",
"parent_id": "53138",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 53138 | null | 54070 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've seen 浮かべる used thus: 「してやったり！」の表情を浮かべる and 不敵な笑みを浮かべる. Given that it uses\nを with a noun, it would be a transitive verb, right? I'm wondering if the best\ntranslation would be \"To show/to express\". Finally, is it used with only\nfacial expressions?\n\nAs for the rest of them, I'm struggling to properly distinguish them. I would\nlike to be able to say \"It makes me think of home\" or something along those\nlines. If these words are uncommon or there are better words, then please let\nme know.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-08T19:48:41.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53140",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-12T09:47:35.437",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-08T21:35:55.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "How does one use 「浮かべる」、「浮かぶ」、「思い浮かべる」、and 「思い浮かぶ」？",
"view_count": 705
} | [
{
"body": "As for your example, **It makes me think of home.**\n\nIt sounds like you have a lucid image of hometown, therefore you can say\n**故郷が思い浮かぶ**.\n\nOn the other hand, **故郷が浮かぶ** sounds like images just simply pop up in your\nhead and it's not so important or you have a vague image of hometown. Since\n**浮かぶ** is associated with an expression like **雑念が浮かぶ: miscellaneous thought\ncomes into mind.** which is a collection of unstable images. Therefore, in my\nopinion, **故郷が思い浮かぶ** sounds you are retrospecting your hometown rather than\nsaying **故郷が浮かぶ**.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-08T21:56:01.730",
"id": "53141",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-12T09:47:35.437",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-12T09:47:35.437",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "53140",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The obvious difference here is that 浮かぶ is intransitive whereas 浮かべる is\ntransitive. Therefore you have to say 彼は笑み **を** 浮かべた and 彼の顔に笑み **が** 浮かんだ.\nThe former implies he did it deliberately, while the latter implies the smile\nmight have appeared beyond his control. 浮かぶ/浮かべる can be used with various\nthings that can \"surface\" or \"emerge\". For example 皮膚に浮かんだ血管 refers to a\nvessel that has come to the surface of the skin. 容疑者として浮かんだ人 refers to a\nperson who emerged as a crime suspect during an investigation.\n\n思い浮かぶ (intransitive) and 思い浮かべる (transitive) are both used to express ideas in\none's mind, as the 思い part suggests. 浮かぶ is interchangeable with 思い浮かぶ when it\nexpress some idea coming into your mind suddenly or spontaneously:\n\n> * ある考えが思い浮かんだ。 A certain idea came into my mind.\n> * ある考えが浮かんだ。 A certain idea came into my mind.\n>\n\n思い浮かべる can be simply translated as \"to imagine\". It's usually _not_\ninterchangeable with 浮かべる.\n\n> * 星を見ているところを思い浮かべてください。 Imagine you're watching stars.\n> * [×] 星を見ているところを浮かべてください。 (incorrect)\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-12T05:42:39.287",
"id": "53217",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-12T05:42:39.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "53140",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 53140 | null | 53217 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53149",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Even by looking at a dictionary, I can't make the difference between those two\nwords しでかす and やらかす... What are the closest english words to translate those\nwords? Are there situations when one is used and not the other? Is one more\nused than the other? (more casual etc.)\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-09T00:23:08.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53144",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-10T06:56:07.207",
"last_edit_date": "2022-09-10T06:56:07.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "43676",
"owner_user_id": "9539",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "しでかす and やらかす difference",
"view_count": 218
} | [
{
"body": "IMO they are interchangeable, but やらかす is much more common. Some think if you\nuse やらかす, the speaker is rarely angry, whereas it's more possible that the\nspeaker is angry if しでかす is used. However, IMO both are archaic and when used,\nare used to an almost comical effect & is used rarely in a serious situation.\nE.g. one would never say 飲酒運転の車に背骨をおられた。ほんとやからしてくれたわ or\n飲酒運転の車に背骨をおられた。ほんとしでかしてくれたわ. It's used for things like\nあいつ洗剤全部使って行きよった。やからしてくれたわ。 or あいつ洗剤全部使って行きよった。しでかしてくれたわ。\n\nIMO there is no difference in nuances between the two.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-09T07:56:56.780",
"id": "53149",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-09T07:56:56.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "53144",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 53144 | 53149 | 53149 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The classical Okinawan poetry collection the _Omoro Sōshi_ is written (mostly)\nin Hiragana, but the phonetic mapping of the characters to sounds seems to be\ndifferent to their standard mapping.\n\nFor example, the title \"おもろそうし\" was presumably (according to the [Okinawan-\nEnglish\nWordbook](https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8guTfpBKm5kC&source=gbs_navlinks_s))\npronounced more like /u.mu.ɾu u.soː.ɕi/.\n\nShort /o/ and /e/ in standard Japanese seem have been shifted to /u/ and /i/\nin Okinawan respectively, and moreover, Okinawan phonology seems to\ndistinguish between /ɸ/ and /h/, and seems to feature glottalized vowels,\napproximants, and nasal consonants, all of which are not distinguished\naccording to the standard mapping of the hiragana.\n\nSo my question is, how did the hiragana orthography used in the _Omoro Sōshi_\ncorrespond to the pronunciation of the poems? And did it adequately map the\nphonetic inventory of the language, or was it\n[defective](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defective_script) in some regards?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-09T03:01:43.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53148",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-09T03:01:43.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25070",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"kana",
"phonology",
"poetry",
"ryukyuan-languages"
],
"title": "Phonetic Mapping of the Hiragana System Used in the Okinawan Omoro Sōshi",
"view_count": 201
} | []
| 53148 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was looking at example sentences for 「気づく」 to determine which particle it\nuses and I found that it takes 「に」. For example: 「彼はそれ **に** 間もなく気づくだろう」.\nHowever, I also found these sentences: 「私は彼が有名人 **だと** 気づく」 and 「自分が一人\n**であるのに** 気づく」.\n\nFirstly, I'm struggling to analyse 「一人であるのに気づく」; 一人 (noun) + であるの\n(nominaliser) + に気づく is this correct? I thought that you only used である with こと\n(e.g. 先生であること), but you use な with の (e.g. 先生なの).\n\nSecondly, I have no clue what 「だと」 means in the other example. Again, it looks\nlike a nominalised sentence to me, but I'm not sure how 「だと」 is used. Even if\nit was nominalised, why is と used and not に?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-09T10:05:14.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53150",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-23T06:04:40.587",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-29T01:13:03.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「だと」 and 「であること・なの」",
"view_count": 2246
} | [
{
"body": "There are a few (probably more than I'm thinking of) cases where に and と can\nbe used interchangeably, such as に比べて/と比べて, and I think that's the case with\n気づく also.\n\n私は彼が有名人だと気づく\n\nThere's an implicit nominalization here: 彼が有名人だ (the fact that he is famous)\nと気づく (I realize). It's similar (probably related) to when you use と as the\nquoting particle without using quotation marks.\n\nAs for 一人であること, I don't think the rule you learned about when the の\nnominalizer is required is correct. 一人なのに気づく sounds like you're saying, \"I\nrealize it **despite the fact** that I am alone.\"\n\n**Edit:** Just thought of a more obvious analogy. I trust that nothing seems\nodd about the だと combination in this sentence:\n\n有名人だと思う。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-09T14:22:14.647",
"id": "53152",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-09T15:22:36.810",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-09T15:22:36.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "25413",
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "53150",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Like \"to realize\" can take either an object or a clause and you can say\n\"realize it\" and \"realize that something is something\" respectively, 気づく can\nbe combined with either an indirect object or a quotation clause and can be\nsaid as \"(indirect object) に気づく\" and \"(clause)と 気づく\".\n\nIn order to nominalize the clause, you can use abstract noun こと or pronoun の\nwith the verb in the clause in the attributive form, that of the copula is\n（で）ある or な. Once you nominalize the clause, you can regard it as an indirect\nobject for the structure of …に気づく.\n\nIn summary, you can change …だと気づく into {…である / …な} + {こと / の} に 気づく.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T15:14:32.180",
"id": "53172",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T15:14:32.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "53150",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 53150 | null | 53152 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53191",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 本当に来てくれたんだね。へー、こういうのもアリなんだ。個別の相談事なんてのもさ。\n\nI think I understand the global meaning of the sentence, but I don't\nunderstand how the sentence has been made.\n\nI assume that by 個別の相談事なんてのもさ。it means that he wishes to have a different\ndiscussion, but I can't say more than that.\n\n個別の相談 => A different (special) discussion\n\n事 => I have no idea what this one means in this case\n\nなんて => I assume it is the one showing something like surprise\n\nのも。I'm not sure at all, is it an emphasis to say \"Especially since it is a\ndifferent discussion, (I'm surprised) that you really came.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-09T12:39:14.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53151",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-11T08:32:32.910",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-09T14:47:13.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "20501",
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Construction of this sentence?",
"view_count": 209
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not entirely sure if it's an actual abbreviation thereof, but I believe\nなんての as a set casual expression is equivalent to などというの, and essentially means\n\"something like\", \"the likes of\", etc.\n\n相談 and 事 aren't really separate words here; 相談事{そうだんごと} is something of a set\nexpression that means roughly the same as 相談 on its own; I'd say the\ndifference is just that 相談事 sounds a little more concrete, like it's about a\nspecific topic or a more formalised discussion.\n\n個別 doesn't really mean \"different\" or \"special\" here but rather \"individual\" -\nhe's specifying 個別の相談事 \"an individual, one-on-one discussion\" as opposed to a\ndiscussion involving everyone.\n\nAnd finally the のも - this is linking back to the のも in the previous sentence.\nThis whole final clause is a clarification of what he means by こういうの in the\nprevious sentence, so it's possible to rephrase them as a single sentence\nへー、個別の相談事なんてのもアリなんだ \"Wow, so individual consultations like this are allowed\ntoo, are they?\"\n\nSeparately, the two sentences could be translated as \"Wow, so stuff like this\nis allowed too, is it? You know, things like individual consultations.\" (The\nexplanatory さ particle in this instance fulfils a similar role to the \"you\nknow\" in the English sentence, helping to mark the final clause as a\nclarification of the preceding one.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-11T08:32:32.910",
"id": "53191",
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"parent_id": "53151",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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]
| 53151 | 53191 | 53191 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53156",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What **てやったら** in のませてやったら mean? Is it some conditional form of のませる verb? I\ncan't find it in dicts.\n\nAnd how would i translate the whole sentence: おちちでも のませてやったら どーだ?\n\nAll i can assume is \"How do you drink anything but milk?\"\n\nBy the way, is どーだ equal to どう and means \"how\"?\n\nAnd why だ is in the end of question sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-09T22:38:09.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53153",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T03:11:13.707",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-10T00:24:34.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "903",
"owner_user_id": "25746",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What てやったら in のませてやったら mean?",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "> What てやったら in のませてやったら mean? Is it some conditional form of のませる verb? I\n> can't find it in dicts.\n\n～てやったら is the conditional form of ～てやる. ～てやる is a less polite version of\n～てあげる, \"doing ~~ for someone's benefit\". See [meaning of\n～てやる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14416/9831).\n\nのませてやったら is the conditional form of のませてやる. \nのませてやる consists of the te-form of causative verb のませる + subsidiary verb やる．\n\n> And how would i translate the whole sentence: おちちでも のませてやったら どーだ?\n\nTo break it down to smaller chunks...\n\nおちち -- breast, milk \nでも* -- or something \nのませてやったら -- if you let (someone) drink \nどうだ -- how about...?\n\n*For this usage of でも, see [Meaning of “でも” in “食事でもどうですか？”](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/21520/9831)・[The use of でも and ででも in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/13464/9831)\n\nPut together: \nおちちでも のませてやったら どーだ? \n\"How about letting (someone) drink milk or something / suck the breast or\nsomething?\" \n\"Why don't you give (someone) milk / the breast or something?\"\n\n> By the way, is どーだ equal to どう and means \"how\"?\n\nRight. どーだ is どうだ, どう \"how\" + だ (copula).\n\n> And why だ is in the end of question sentence?\n\nIt's quite normal, especially for males, to end a wh-question with だ in casual\nspeech, as in 「～どうだ？」「～なんだ？」「～どこだ？」「～だれだ？」 etc. \n「～だ？」 sounds rather masculine. Females would tend to say\n「～どう？」「～なに？」「～どこ？」「～だれ？」 instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T02:49:50.427",
"id": "53156",
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]
| 53153 | 53156 | 53156 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ① いつの間にかパーティーは終わっていた \n> ② いつの間にかパーティーは終わった\n\nHow do you interpret the two sentences above?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T00:59:07.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53154",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T05:54:09.500",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-10T03:21:12.323",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25748",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 終わった and 終わっていた",
"view_count": 307
} | [
{
"body": "This ～ている expresses \"the continuation of state\" as described in detail in\n[When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)\n\n * パーティーは終わっていた。 = The party had ended.\n * パーティーは終わった。 = The party ended.\n\nThe former form is used when, for example, you visited somewhere but found\nthere was already no one left. The latter is used when you just heard a\nclosing address from the host.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T05:54:09.500",
"id": "53158",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T05:54:09.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 1
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]
| 53154 | null | 53158 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the phrase: _The Winters of Quebec are cold._\n\nI understand that the correct form is\n\n```\n\n ケベックは冬が寒いです。\n \n```\n\nSince a possessive form is involved here (the Winters **of** Quebec), why is\n\n```\n\n ケベックの冬は寒いです。\n \n```\n\nnot correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T02:15:29.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53155",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T07:36:19.090",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-10T02:23:22.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "25749",
"owner_user_id": "25749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-は",
"particle-の",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "[Noun 1]は[Noun 2]が[Adjective] or [Noun 1]の[Noun 2]は[Adjective]",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "Both sentences are fine. They only have slightly different meaning, and you\nwould use one or the other depending on context, for example:\n\nEx.1: \"Where do you live?\" \"I live in Quebec\" \"Winters are cold in Quebec,\naren't they?\"\n\n(ケベックは冬が寒いですね - \"As for Quebec, winters are cold\" - The topic is Quebec,\nsomething that have came up in the conversation, and the speaker elaborates on\nthat topic suggesting that it has cold winters)\n\nEx.2: \"It's winter now in Quebec\" \"Winters are cold in Quebec, aren't they?\"\n\n(ケベックの冬は寒いですね - \"As for Winters of Quebec, they're cold\" - The topic is\n\"winters of Quebec\", which have just came up in the conversation, and the\nspeaker elaborates on that topic suggesting they're cold)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T07:36:19.090",
"id": "53161",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T07:36:19.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25260",
"parent_id": "53155",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 53155 | null | 53161 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53160",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For a while now I've been trying to write \"[I'm happy that] X chose me\", and\nI've come across the following:\n\n```\n\n Xが選んでくれて\n Xに選ばれてくれて\n Xに選んでもらって\n \n```\n\nWhere the second option (passive + くれる) actually seems to have the most number\nof hits, despite me having never learned it and no English sites explaining it\neither. But I can't make sense of it. くれる talks about the giver, while the\npassive form refers to the speaker/receiver. What does this structure mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T04:52:49.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53157",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T06:37:56.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Passive form + くれる",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "Aが Xに 選ばれてくれて 私はうれしい means \"I'm glad that X chose A / A is chosen by X\". It\nindicates that compared with X, A is closer to 私 and 私 thanks A.\n\nXに選ばれてくれて can't mean \"X chose me\" unless you see the situation from a\ndifferent viewpoint.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T06:37:56.590",
"id": "53160",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T06:37:56.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 53157 | 53160 | 53160 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53163",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context, see here:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/67MgwSw/img-20170910-0001-new.pdf>\n\nthe following excerpt is from the very last line: じゃ、帰りに旅行会社に寄って、調べてみます。\n\n=> \"Well, coming home I will try to research travel agency coming close/being\nclose.\"\n\n\"Coming close\" refers to the criteria mentioned by the partner in dialogue\nbefore (see link). However, I'm still not really wether I interpreted the\ncontext correctly. Furthermore, what irritates me is that in my\ninterpretation, 旅行会社 is the direct object of 調べてみます. There is no を or any\nother particle though...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T08:21:01.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53162",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T08:32:44.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to interprete 寄る in this sentence",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "[寄る](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/228575/meaning/m0u/) here should take\nthis meaning:\n\n> ３ ある所へ向かう途中で、他の所を訪れる。立ち寄る。「出社前に得意先に―・る」「帰りに飲みに―・る」\n\nOn the way to some place, stop by at another place.\n\nAnd 旅行会社 is not the direct object 調べてみる. XXXに寄る here means \"stop by XXX\".\n\nThe whole sentence should be:\n\nOn my way home, I will stop by the travelling agency and check (it).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T08:32:44.953",
"id": "53163",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T08:32:44.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "903",
"parent_id": "53162",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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]
| 53162 | 53163 | 53163 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53166",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a couple of questions in one really. I received this snippet from a\nnew penpal and I wasn't sure what some of it meant:\n\n> 日本語になりにくいです。\n\nOnline translations (I know, rarely reliable...) yields:\n\n> \"It is hard to become in Japanese.\".\n\nI'm just starting out but have read about \"ni naru\" meaning \"to become\",\nhowever I've not seen \"ni nari\" before.\n\nI find it hard to separate all-hiragana words at the moment so I'm not 100%\nsure if the phrase is split up as \"Nihongo ni nari nikui desu.\"\n\n* * *\n\nAlso, within the message are the following symbols:\n\n。。。。。。。。\n\n※`<some text>`※\n\n→ ？？？\n\nAre these Japanese-specific in any way...?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T10:57:05.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53164",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T13:20:50.253",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-10T13:20:50.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18100",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "First Message From Japanese PenPal Has Slightly Confused Me",
"view_count": 1468
} | [
{
"body": "なりにくい is of the form\n\n> 連用形 _ren'yōkei_ + にくい\n\nmeaning \"difficult to [verb]\" or \"hard to [verb]\".\n\nなる is \"to become\" or \"to change into\" (where \"change\" here is intransitive)\nand なり is its _ren'yōkei_ (\" _masu_ -form\"). So\n\n> 日本語になりにくい = _lit._ difficult to change into Japanese\n\nOnly you know the context, but maybe you asked your pen pal how to translate\n\"cow tipping\" into Japanese, and he or she tried to tell you \"this phrase\ndoesn't easily translate to Japanese\".\n\nYou can remember this construction also for やすい, which works exactly the same\nbut means the opposite of にくい, i.e. \"easy to\" or \"likely to\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T11:49:29.080",
"id": "53166",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T11:49:29.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "53164",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 53164 | 53166 | 53166 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53173",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "someone says this in a book:\n\nでもスキルが生きるかどうかは人格ありきなわけだから\n\nwhether someone is skilled ... something to do with personality. what does ありき\nmean here? I found it as a noun meaning location of something but I don't see\nhow it would work in this sentence",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T11:40:10.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "53165",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-11T13:34:30.260",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-11T07:23:50.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"copula"
],
"title": "can you use ありき as a な-adjective",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "First, the answer to your question is yes. You need to change the copula だ\ninto the attributive form such as …である or …な when you connect the clause\n人格ありきだ to the noun わけ.\n\nEdit:\n\nWhen you combine two sentences of 人格ありきだ (one's personality is prior to it)\nand わけだ (it's for the reason) into one sentence \"It's for the reason that\none's personality is prior to it\", you can't just put them in a row like\n人格ありきだわけだ, but you have to change だ as in ありきだ into some forms that can\nconnect to the succeeding noun, which are である or な.\n\nIn this regard, verb ある happens to be the same form either when it terminates\nthe sentence or when it connects to a noun. However, だ only works when it\nterminates the sentence and な only does when it connects to a noun.\n\nSecond, Aは Bありき だ means that B is a precondition or an essential condition for\nA. So, the example sentence means \"But, whether you can activate your skill or\nnot depends on your personality, so...\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-10T15:39:49.810",
"id": "53173",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-11T13:34:30.260",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-11T13:34:30.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "53165",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 53165 | 53173 | 53173 |
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