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"accepted_answer_id": "21695",
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"body": "今まで、「探す」には「見つけようとする」という意味しかないと思っていました。辞書が挙げる語義にも、現代において一般的な用法（下記1.と2.）では「見つけようとする」以上の意味は含まれていません。\n\n> 1. 必要なものや失ったものを見つけようとする。「安い下宿を―す」 \n> 2. ものを見つけるためにかき回す。「押し入れを―す」 \n> 3. 中にある物を表し出す。「このふる里の女の前にてだにつつみ侍るものを，さる所にて才―しいで侍らむよ」〈紫式部日記〉 \n> 4. 他の動詞の連用形に付いて，度を越して…する，の意を表す。「ふみ付け〱ふみ―されて土まぶれ」〈浄瑠璃心中天網島上〉 \n> （「スーパー大辞林」より、例文を一部割愛）\n\nしかし、「探してくる」「探してきた」という表現になると、文脈によっては「探した上で見つけてくる」「探して見つけて帰ってきた」という意味が入っているように思われます。\n\n> 例1: この犬は毎回ボールをちゃんと探してくる。 \n> 例2: じゃあ僕が探してくるよ。 \n> 例3: 友達が適当な動画を探してきた。 \n> 例4: 今日は家具を探してきた。 \n> 例5: これまで長い年月探してきた。 \n> 例6: せっかくまぼろしの親子丼を探してきたのだから、食べて帰らないわけにはいかない。 \n> （Googleで検索した結果を参考にひねり出した例文です）\n\nこれらの例でいうと、例1と例3です。\n\n * 例1と例3は、実際に犬はボールを見つけ、友達は動画を見つけたという意味になるのでしょうか？\n * その場合、その意味はどこから生じているのでしょうか？文法用語に詳しくなく、的確な表現ができませんが、「比喩」ではないし、「文脈にもとづいた慣習的意味付け」のようなものでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-06T15:47:18.677",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "「探してくる」には「見つける」という意味は含まれますか？",
"view_count": 3402
} | [
{
"body": "私のようなネイティブスピーカーは思ってもみなかった視点で、なるほどなと思いました。\n\n結論から言うと、「探す」に「見つける」という意味が含まれるかどうかはともかく、「探してくる」はたしかに「見つけてくる」「見つけて戻ってくる」という意味になる場合があります。\n「文脈にもとづいた慣習的意味付け」というより一種の動詞句ですね。このままひとつの動詞として記憶するのがいいと思います。\n\nentoさんの例で言うと、#1, #3 に加えて #2 も、おそらく「見つけてくる」という意味で使われることが多いでしょう。\n\nこれに対して #5 には「見つけてくる」の意味は含まれていません。#5\nにおける「きた」は、「これまで」「長い年月」と呼応して、「動作や状態が継続したまま現在に至った」ことを示すもの（「くる」の助動詞的用法のひとつ）として感じられ、結果的に\n#1 / #2 / #3 とは違う構文になるのだと思います。\n\n＃4\nはあまり見かけない、やや不自然な文であるように思われます。おそらく、「見つけてきた」のかどうかが判別しづらいため、このような言い回しは回避されるのではないでしょうか。\n\n「見つけてきた」ことを表現するのであれば\n\n> 今日は家具を見つけてきた。\n\n見つけたかどうかはともかく、とにかく「行ってきた」ことを示すのであれば\n\n> 今日は家具を探しに行ってきた。（しかし収穫はなかった、残念！）\n\nあたりがごく自然な発話であるように感じられます。\n\n＃6もちょっと意味がとりづらいです。まず「食べて帰る」という以上、この時点ではまだ出先にいるわけですから、そもそも「見つけて帰ってきた」という語義にはそぐわないような。。。\n\n> せっかくまぼろしの親子丼を探してきたのだから、食べないわけにはいかない。\n\nこれなら、やはり「見つけてきた」「見つけて、持ち帰った」の意味で、自宅かどこかでこれから食べようとしているのだな、とわかります。 もしくは、#5\nと同様の表現だとするなら、\n\n> これまでさんざん苦労してまぼろしの親子丼を探してきたのだから、ここで食べて帰らないわけにはいかない。\n\nこんな感じでしょうか。\n\n以上、参考文献も示さずに個人的印象だけで書いてしまいましたがご容赦を！",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-07T00:08:10.957",
"id": "21677",
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{
"body": "大変興味深い質問ありがとうございます。\n\n> **例1と例3は、実際に犬はボールを見つけ、友達は動画を見つけたという意味になるのでしょうか？**\n\n確かになりますね。\n\n> **その場合、その意味はどこから生じているのでしょうか？**\n\n手元に本などがないので適当な回答になってしまいますが（いつもですが）、今考えてみた限りでは、この現象は「てくる」の意味として記述されるべきではないかと思います。というのも、\n\n> 被害者の経歴と交友関係を **調べて** きました。 \n> 今の政治について、10人の専門家に意見を **尋ねて** きました。\n\nという場合、「[調べる](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/112369/m0u/%E8%AA%BF%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8B/)」「[尋ねる](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/136622/m0u/%E5%B0%8B%E3%81%AD%E3%82%8B/)」自体には「答えや情報を知る」という意味はないのに、この場合は結果を得ていると思われるからです。辞書の「[～てくる](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/64270/m0u/%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B/)」の部分のそれらしい意味を見ると、\n\n> ㋒ある動作をしてもとに戻る。…しに行って帰る。\n>\n> ㋓ある動作・状態をそのまま続けながら、こちらへ近づく。また、そのようにしてこちらへ至る。\n\nとしか記載がありませんが、おそらく日本語でこのような「ある目的を目指すが、その目的への到達は意味しない」という動詞の例が少ないため、見落としたか省略したものと思われます。\n\n思うに、「行ってくる」という単純な例においても、ただ単に往復するだけの意味には使わず、「行ったことにより何かをして、戻る」という場合に使われるように思いますし、「～てくる」の意味の一端として、「\n**Vをして、その結果生じた事態を帯びて戻る** 」というまとめ方もできるかもしれません。",
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{
"body": "Allow me beating the dead horse.\n\nI think 探し出す should be used (instead of 探す) in the examples 1 and 3.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-07-06T02:32:11.810",
"id": "25527",
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}
] | 21673 | 21695 | 21695 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21681",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How should I read the \"~\" mark that stands for range, as described in the\ntitle?\n\nI saw this in the following sentence:\n\n> 3~4行ごとに1行あけると読みやすい。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-07T08:17:07.073",
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"id": "21679",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T08:49:23.977",
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"owner_user_id": "6895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 19,
"tags": [
"readings",
"numbers",
"symbols"
],
"title": "How to read: the \"~\" (tilde) in \"3~4 行\"",
"view_count": 2704
} | [
{
"body": "There is no strict rule about this. It's best not to use this \"～\" symbol\ndenoting a range, when it's meant to be read out loud by someone.\n\nBut if you really have to, you can read the \"～\" symbol as \"から\" in many cases.\n\n> * 3～4行ごと さんからよんぎょうごと\n> * 2月3～5日 にがつみっかからいつか\n> * 15～17階 じゅうごかいからじゅうななかい or じゅうごからじゅうななかい\n> * 500～600円 ごひゃくえんからろっぴゃくえん or ごひゃくからろっぴゃくえん\n>\n\nNote that this sounds like you strictly specify the range of numbers. If you\nsay like this, it means \"three or four lines; not five nor two\".\n\nAlternatively, in this case, you can use the common idiom \"さんよん\", which more\nvaguely refers to the range _around_ it.\n\n> * 3～4行ごと さんよんぎょうごと\n> * 2～3日間 にさんにちかん\n> * 4～5回 しごかい\n> * 500～600円 ごろっぴゃくえん\n>\n\nThese are closer to English \"a few\", \"several\", \"a couple of\", etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-07T09:45:41.243",
"id": "21681",
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"score": 35
}
] | 21679 | 21681 | 21681 |
{
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"body": "Ch.16 of the textbook 中級から学ぶ日本語 introduces the ～と、 structure, with this\nexample:\n\n> 早{はや}く花{はな}がさくように **と、** 毎日水{まいにちみず}をやっている。\n\nWithout the と particle I would read this as 'I water the flowers everyday so\nthat they bloom quickly' as per the verb+ように structure.\n\nI'm inclined to think that this is the と which has the 思って, 言って, 感じて omitted\n(per A Dictionary of Intermediate Grammar p.464) but I can't see how or why\nany of those three verbs would apply to the above sentence.\n\nThe exercise for this structure wants us to complete some sentences, these are\ntwo of them, noting that one of them is かと:\n\n> 少しでもやせられる **ようにと** 、＿＿＿＿＿ \n> いつ帰ってくる **かと** 、＿＿＿＿＿",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-07T09:00:30.897",
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"owner_user_id": "7760",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "verb+ようにと、 or verb+かと、",
"view_count": 7110
} | [
{
"body": "Whenever you suspect a quotative 「と」, it would often help understand the\nsentence better if you actually put the supposedly quoted phrase in real or\nimaginary parentheses _**AND**_ insert a verb after the と that you feel might\nhave been implied by the author or speaker.\n\n> [早]{はや}く[花]{はな}がさくように **と** 、[毎日水]{まいにちみず}をやっている。\n>\n> = 『早く花がさくように』 **と** 、毎日水をやっている。\n>\n> = 『早く花がさくように』 **と** （[思]{おも}って、[願]{ねが}って, etc）、毎日水をやっている。\n\nDespite your statement, 「思う = to think」 does fit there and so does 「願う = to\nhope」. 「[祈]{いの}る = to pray」 would probably be too much. 「思う」 in Japanese can\ncontain the nuance of \"to hope\" depending on the context and this sentence\nbelongs to such context.\n\n「[感]{かん}じる」 does not fit.\n\n「[言]{い}う」 would fit if the speaker actually uttered「早く花がさくように！」 when s/he\nwatered the plant everyday.\n\n> = \"I water the plants everyday hoping they bloom soon.\"\n\nIf you meant to ask us to do the exercize at the bottom, here are a few\nexamples.\n\n> [少]{すこ}しでもやせられる **ようにと** 、____________。 Again, the verb implied after the\n> 「と」would be 思い、思って、願って, etc. 「～～ように」 means \"so that ~~\". = \"so that I could\n> get as slim as possible.\"\n\nSuggestions for the last half:\n\n> 毎日2[時間歩]{じかんある}いています / デザートを[食]{た}べないようにしています / ビールをやめました, etc.\n\nFinally,\n\n> いつ[帰]{かえ}ってくる **かと** 、＿＿＿＿＿＿。 The verb implied here would be 思い or 思って. 願う\n> is not possible because it is about \"when someone would return\", not\n> \"someone returns soon\". 「か」 must be used when a question word is used. In\n> this case, the question word is 「いつ」.\n\nPossible phrases for the last half:\n\n> ワクワクしています / [心配]{しんぱい}しています / [楽]{たの}しみにしています, etc.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-07T10:59:51.913",
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}
] | 21680 | null | 21682 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21762",
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"body": "I encountered this phrase and after a bit of Googling, it seems to describe\nthe action of crowding around a particular thing or object (people crowding\naround someone, trees crowding around a building) but doesn't 取り囲む itself also\ndescribe that action? Does omitting the 周囲 change the effect of its use in\nsentences or is it more similar to an idiomatic set phrase?\n\nThe sentence i saw it in was:\n\n> 周囲を取り囲むように大勢の学生が集まっている。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-07T19:22:13.547",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "「周囲を取り囲む(ように)」, set phrase?",
"view_count": 261
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese motion verbs utilize the particle を for both object and place the\naction takes place. So you can equally say:\n\n> 彼を取り囲む。 \n> 周囲を取り囲む。 \n> 彼の周囲を取り囲む。\n\nbut not:\n\n> × 彼を周囲を取り囲む。 (same case particle cannot be repeated in one clause)\n\nIn my opinion, the `周囲を取り囲む` version has slightly more \"completely surrounded\"\nnuance, but it barely matters in the usual case. Also, the `周囲` can be used as\ngood as a \"dummy noun\" to bypass obvious pronouns like _him_ , _her_ , _it_\netc. in English. We hate pronouns.\n\nIf you'd look for similar expressions in Japanese, they abound:\n\n> 上を見上げる \n> 後ろを振り返る \n> 下に落ちる \n> 前に進む \n> ︙\n\nOf course, you don't want to translate them literally.\n\n \n(from <http://www.inquisitr.com/6826/for-restrooms-go-back-toward-your-\nbehind/>)",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-12T14:21:01.027",
"id": "21762",
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}
] | 21685 | 21762 | 21762 |
{
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"body": "I have two sentences:\n\n 1. どれがあなたのペンですか？\n 2. あなたのペンはどれですか？\n\nAre there any differences between the two sentences? I've heard that Japanese\nis a flexible language structure so I'm wondering if they are interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-07T19:32:02.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21686",
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"owner_user_id": "7736",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "Should どれ always be the first part of a sentence?",
"view_count": 173
} | [
{
"body": "Both are 100% grammatical; That is for sure.\n\nThere is, however, a _slight_ difference in nuance between the two. It is so\nslight that I probably would not mention it if I were teaching a beginning or\nintermediate learner.\n\n**_Both mean \"Which one is your pen?\"_**\n\nThe difference is in the main focus.\n\n> 1) どれがあなたのペンですか？\n\nfocuses more on the \"which one\" part.\n\n> 2) あなたのペンはどれですか？\n\nfocuses more on the \"your\" part -- in other words, the listener him/herself.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-07T23:54:55.293",
"id": "21689",
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}
] | 21686 | 21689 | 21689 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21688",
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"body": "I searched every translation site I could find, and I can't make sense of what\nit's supposed to mean. I know 看板親父 is some kind of chef in a restaurant, but\nwhat do you called it in English?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-07T21:55:37.610",
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"id": "21687",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 看板親父 mean?",
"view_count": 842
} | [
{
"body": "Translation sites (or even big paper dictionaries) would not work with\n「[看板親父]{かんばんおやじ}」 because it is not an established term.\n\nThe well-established term instead is 「[看板娘]{かんばんむすめ}」, which refers to a\npretty girl store clerk that draws many (male) customers. 「看板」 originally\nmeant a \"signboard\" but also has another meaning of \"draw\" or \"attraction\".\n「娘」 means a \"young girl\" or \"daughter\". So a 看板娘 is often the business owner's\nown daughter.\n\n「看板親父」, therefore, is a coined parody that plays on the original phrase 「看板娘」\nand it would refer to a male owner or employee of character who attracts many\ncustomers.\n\nIf it is a chef that is being referred to as a 看板親父, how about a \"star chef\"\nfor a translation?\n\n[This smoke shop in Tokyo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2mJQ-BRmmg) has a\nrare 看板[犬]{けん} as it says in the video title.",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-07T23:31:24.547",
"id": "21688",
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] | 21687 | 21688 | 21688 |
{
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"body": "I'm sorry if this is a duplicate question (I bet it is), I didn't really know\nwhat to search for.\n\n猫を描く、犬を描かない。 (I draw cats, I don't draw dogs.)\n\nHow do you say that sentence without having to repeat 描かない? So it would be 'I\ndraw cats, not dogs.'",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-08T03:26:01.020",
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"owner_user_id": "9336",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say a sentence without repeating the word?",
"view_count": 1098
} | [
{
"body": "It's tricky in Japanese. \nfor example\n\n> 猫を描くが、犬はその限りではない。 (\"その限りではない\" is the same as \"not\" or close to it)\n\nI'm a Japanese native speaker myself. \nBut, I have no knowledge of another way to do it without repeating \"描く\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-09T02:13:49.993",
"id": "21700",
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{
"body": "Depending on how attached you are to the original meaning, you could go with\nsomething like \"Instead of dogs, I draw cats\": 犬のかわりに猫をかく。\n\nOr go into why it is you don't draw dogs: 犬が好きじゃなくて、猫を書く。\n\nBut I'm not sure you're going to find a way to retain the simplicity and\nprecise meaning of your sentence and not repeat yourself.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-13T19:20:20.687",
"id": "21790",
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] | 21691 | null | 21700 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just watched the 1948 film \"A Hen in the Wind,\" directed and co-written by\nYasujiro Ozu. I'm guessing the title is a reference to a Japanese proverb or\ntraditional metaphor. Does anyone recognize it? Does anyone know what it\nmeans? (I don't speak or read Japanese, but\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Hen_in_the_Wind) has the following\ntranslation in Japanese characters: **風の中の牝鶏【めんどり】**.)",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-08T05:07:45.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21693",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-15T19:07:24.320",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "\"A Hen in the Wind\"?",
"view_count": 543
} | [
{
"body": "It doesn't seem to be based on a proverb or expression. (Maybe there's a hint\nthat the husband is a \"weathercock\" (cock in the wind) -- opportunistic,\nunprincipled ... .)\n\nThe first thing the heroin Tokiko did was to sell her wardrobe one by one --\nshe had to pluck her feathers like a hen. Then she had to be plucky and strong\nin the cold wind.\n\nAs the following comment says, the title may refer to the women in general at\nthe time. I suppose that when the movie came out, the meaning of the title was\nobvious to the general public.\n\n<http://ameblo.jp/jahyon2002/entry-10937011475.html>\n\n> 11. タイトルの意味 -- おっしゃる通り、風の中の牝鶏はヒロインの事であり、 不本意な形で自立を余儀無くされた女性全般なのでしょうね。\n>",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-01T22:33:14.003",
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] | 21693 | null | 37119 |
{
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"body": "The following sentence I saw confuses me:\n\n> わたしは すしが たべられないです。\n\nSo it takes the verb たべる (to eat), turns it into the potential form たべられる(to\nbe able to eat) and then conjugates it in to the informal negative たべられない\n(cannot eat). Happy with all of that. But then it adds です onto then end, which\nI'm guessing is supposed to make it formal. My question is, why does it not\njust say:\n\n> わたしは すしが たべられません。\n\nAre both forms correct? Can you always make a formal sentence by adding です to\nan informal conjugation and why would you choose one way over the other?\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-08T13:31:17.327",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Use of です after informal verb conjugation",
"view_count": 112
} | [] | 21694 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently learned that if you are asked if you've, say, been to Japan, you\ncan use \"nara\" and reply with \"I've been to China, but I have not been to\nJapan\" to sort of lesson the blow of your reply. What if you were sick and\nsomeone asked you if you took medicine, how would you use a \"nara\"-like word\nto say something like, \"I slept early, but I did not take medicine.\" I used\nbeing sick since it's just a more convenient situation, but it can be\nanything. How would you say I have done this, but I have not done what you\nasked if I have done in the style of a \"nara\" sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-08T21:01:08.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21698",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Using \"Nara\" with Different Verbs",
"view_count": 1151
} | [
{
"body": "Unless you are already pretty fluent, my true recommendation would be to _not_\nuse 「なら」 in saying \"I slept early, but I did not take medicine.\" If a\nJapanese-speaker (me) had to think for a few seconds about how to say\nsomething, it would usually not be the most natural-sounding sentence.\n\n「なら」 works better with two nouns with only one verb (as your China-Japan\nsentence) than with two different verb phrases.\n\nIf you absolutely had to use 「なら」for some reason, you could say:\n\n> 「[早]{はや}めに[寝]{ね}る **だけなら** してるけど、[薬]{くすり} **は** [飲]{のん}んでいない。」 or\n>\n> 「早めに寝る **だけなら** してるけど、薬 **までは** 飲んでいない。」\n\nIt is the contrastive 「は」 in the last half; Do not use 「を」 if you want to\nsound natural.\n\nFinally, if you did not have to use 「なら」, you could say it much simpler as:\n\n> 「早めに **は** 寝たけど、薬まで **は** 飲んでいない。」\n\nThat is how I recommend you phrase it using a nice pair of contrastive 「は's」.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-09T00:42:09.260",
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}
] | 21698 | null | 21699 |
{
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"body": "Is 筆順 a more professional sounding term?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-09T17:09:55.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21701",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-09T23:57:42.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "9352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Does using 書き順 sound childish?",
"view_count": 202
} | [
{
"body": "IMHO, using 「[書]{か}き[順]{じゅん}」 does _not_ sound childish per se. It is indeed\nin wide use across all age groups. It is when compared with 「[筆順]{ひつじゅん}」 that\n「書き順」 could possibly sound slightly more informal, if not necessarily\nchildish, but the difference is still fairly minimal.\n\nThe gap in formality and technicality between those two words is not as great\nas one might often expect to exist between an originally Japanese word and its\nSino loanword counterpart. This is because 「書き順」 and 「筆順」 do not represent\nsuch a pair in that while the latter is a Sino loanword, the former is a\nhybrid, not a pure [大和言葉]{やまとことば} (with 書く being originally Japanese and 順\nbeing a loanword).\n\nI personally could not think of a situation where using one of these two words\ncould sound considerably more formal, informal, adult-like or childish. If you\nhave experienced such a situation, please do tell us.",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T00:39:21.040",
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] | 21701 | null | 21709 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21704",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "From what I understand, both 「ひがし」 and 「あずま」 meant \"east\" and then the latter\nbecame the reading of 東.\n\nIs 「ひがし」 an archaic term and never used, or are both acceptable? If both are\nacceptable, what context/how are the two written differently?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-09T22:18:08.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21702",
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"owner_user_id": "9355",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "「ひがし」 vs. 「あずま」",
"view_count": 1194
} | [
{
"body": "Uh, I think you have it backwards? ひがし is the ordinary word for \"east\" in\nmodern Japanese. あずま is archaic, and I'm pretty sure people would look at you\nweird if you used it.\n\nThere are, however, some compounds in which あずま is fossilized. The only one I\nwas aware of before looking things up was 東夷【あずま.えびす】 \"Eastern barbarians\";\nthere also appear to be compounds like 東遊【あずま.あそび】 (a particular kind of dance\nthat came from eastern Japan) and 東下り【あずま.くだ.り】 \"travelling away from the\ncapital, to the East\". In all of these compounds, \"east\" appears to generally\nmean \"east of Kyoto\", which was the capital at the time あずま was still common.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-09T23:46:59.003",
"id": "21703",
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{
"body": "Are you sure they aren't the other way round? I have only ever known `東` as\neither `ひがし` on it's own `東{ひがし}` or `とう` when used in a compound `東京{とうきょう}`.\n\nThe reading `あずま` seems like in comes from the period where the region\nencompassing Kyoto and Nara were the political and cultural capitals of Japan\nas it basically means Tokyo from the Perspective of Kyoto. My dictionary tells\nme that the reading `あずま` is outdated so I would recommend the `ひがし` reading\nwhen reading contemporary words, for example `東口{ひがしぐち}` as opposed to\n`東口{あずまぐち}`, unless the name of the person or place expressly uses `あずま` as\nit's reading.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-09T23:50:58.603",
"id": "21704",
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"body": "Ah, sorry, I read your post mistakingly. We do not call eastward 東（あずま）,\ncompletely an old word, thus we call eastward as 東（ひがし）\n\n## FYI please refer to the origin of あずま ( I mistakingly wrote the below\nfirst, sorry )\n\nI think the question is answered here. ( No UPVOTE NEEDED, Downote is OK )\n\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1218307767>\n\nI think Mr. Darius can read entire contents, however, I dare to translate for\nthose who can not read.\n\n> 日本武尊に関係が有ります。\n>\n\n>> この「あずま」という言葉は碓氷峠から東、群馬・関東の方を見て日本武尊が「吾嬬(あずま)はや……」と言ったのが語源だそうです。\n「わが妻はもういないのか」と言う意味 日本武尊が関東を平定し、信濃に入ろうとしたとき、碓氷峠から関東平野をかえりみて愛する妻を偲んで言ったのだそうです。\n日本武尊は関東へは海を行ったのだけれど、その時海が荒れ、海神の怒りを鎮めるために日本武尊の愛姫・弟橘姫が荒れ狂う海に身を投げました。このことを思い出し、「吾嬬(あずま)はや・・・」とつぶやいたそうです。\nこのことから、碓氷峠より東の関東を「あずまの国」と呼ぶようになり、「東」を「あずま」と読むようになったとされています。\n\nTranslation\n\nThis is related with Yamato Takeru No Mikoto ( * Yamato Takeru No Mikoto is an\n( perhaps ) imaginary person who appears in 日本書記 ( にほんしょき ) which was\npublished around AD 700 discribing the histories and legends of the emperors\nor God before the century. For more info, please refer to this English site\n<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamato_Takeru>\n\n東（あずま）'s origin is when Yamato Takeru No Mikoto went to the Usui Toge ( * Usui\nToge is here\n<http://www.google.co.jp/maps/place/36%C2%B020%2741.6%22N+138%C2%B039%2703.8%22E/@36.344889,138.651056,8z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=ja>,\nit is in Kanto Sanchi ( = Kanto Mountains which divides Chubu Chihou (\n中部地方（ちゅうぶちほう)) = the middle part of Japan from Kanto Chihou 関東地方 ( かんとちほう ) =\nmainly south east area of Japan )),\n\n( perhaps in order to conquer the Eastern barbarians at that time ), he said\non the top of the peak, looking at the Kanto area, \"吾嬬(あずま)はや……\".\n\nThis utterance is meant to be \"I came so far from my home so my wife is not\nhere ( lamenting )). Yamato Takeru No Mikoto wento Kanto area by sea, however\nthe sea became wild , so that Takeru's loving daughter 弟橘姫(おとたちばなひめ）threw\nherself into the sea in order to seethe the anger of God Of Sea. At that time\ntoo, Yamato Takeru No Mikoto, uttered remembering back the Usui Toge,\n吾嬬(あずま)はや・・・\n\nHenceforth the region east from Usui Toge ( mainly Kanto region ) is called\n東（あずま）\n\n******** 東,あずま＝ 吾嬬 = 吾妻 ＝ my wife in old Chinese ************",
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] | 21702 | 21704 | 21704 |
{
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"body": "How do you say: I have been learning Japanese for several months'.\n\nI've come up with '日本語は数ヶ月を習っています。'Or would the word order '数ヶ月に日本語を習っています。'\nbe more precise.\n\nAlso, how do I say 'the coming [month]'? Eg 'This coming April I have some\ntime off work.'\n\nThank you in advance!",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T00:21:51.483",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"particles"
],
"title": "Word order and expressing time",
"view_count": 297
} | [
{
"body": "This is two questions?\n\n**First:**\n\n> 'I have been learning Japanese for several months.'\n```\n\n 私は数ヶ月間日本語を習っています。 \n \n```\n\nCorrection: \nthe meaning of \"間\"(or\"の間\") is same as 'for'\n\n```\n\n 日本語は数ヶ月を習っています。 NG \n 日本語を数ヶ月間習っています。 OK \n \n 数ヶ月に日本語を習っています。 NG\n 数ヶ月間日本語を習っています。 OK \n \n```\n\n**Second:**\n\n> 'the coming [month]' e.g.'This coming April'\n```\n\n 次のXX月 e.g.今年の四月 \n \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T01:56:44.603",
"id": "21710",
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{
"body": "> > How do you say: I have been learning Japanese for several months'.\n>>\n\n>> I've come up with '日本語は数ヶ月を習っています。'Or would the word order\n'数ヶ月に日本語を習っています。' be more precise.\n\nThe answer is （私は（implied))日本語を数ヶ月習っています。\n\nNow, first of all, please be reminded 数ヶ月 ( for several months ) is an adverb.\n\nHere is an English site.\n\n<http://www.japaneselanguageguide.com/grammar/adverb.asp>\n\nDown below near the bottom, there is \"Adverbs that don't derive from\nadjectives\" list.\n\nAnd you can see there, 毎朝,毎日,明日etc etc denoting the time. So likewise these,\n数ヶ月 is an adverb and what is modifying is \"習っています”． ( = be learning ).\n\nSo for the last one, を, the particle. What do you learn? Yes, it is 日本語。\n\nThus, the answer is 日本語を（object)数か月習っています(verb)。\n\nIt conforms with Japanese SOV style. ( Like English, adverbs modify verbs,\nauxiliary, adjective, right? So, between 日本語を and 習っています, comes the adverb\n数ヵ月。\n\n> > Also, how do I say 'the coming [month]'? Eg 'This coming April I have some\n> time off work.'\n\nThe answer is この4月に暫(しばら）く休暇（きゅうか）を取ります。\n\nNow, 休暇（きゅうか）を取ります。 is like as the first one, \"take the time off\" So, the\ngrammar is OV. 暫（しばら）く, an adverb, denoting \"some time\"\n\nこのis, in English \"This\", thus \"coming\" is inferred.\n\nHere is an English site for Japanese demonstrative adjective\n\n<http://www.japaneselanguageguide.com/grammar/demonstrative-adjective.asp>\n\nSo, 4月, April, に is a particle, denoting, when ( in this case ), thus the\nanswer will be like \"In this April, I am going to take some time off work\".\n\nGood luck.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T04:10:48.550",
"id": "21715",
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] | 21706 | null | 21715 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21714",
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"body": "「日本語{にほんご}を習得{しゅうとく}する」means \"to acquire the ability to use Japanese\", right? \n「日本語を勉強{べんきょう}する」means \"to study Japanese\", right?\n\nSo, in what ways are 「日本語を習得している」 different from「日本語を勉強している」？\n\nMight a nuance be that 「習得している」 is optimistic? In English, something like \"I\nam on the path to mastering Japanese.\"「勉強している」 is simply \"I am studying\nJapanese.\"\n\nSurely, 「日本語を習得した」 is completely different from「日本語を勉強した」. The former meaning\n\"I learned (mastered?) Japanese.\" The latter \"I studied Japanese.\", right?\n\nI assume that the comparison applies to 「習得していた」 and 「勉強していた」 in the same way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-10T02:10:32.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21711",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-10T04:03:03.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4835",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is 「習得している」much different from 「勉強している」？",
"view_count": 1176
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, 習得 is much different from 勉強, and your understanding is correct.\n\n勉強 means to study, to put effort to learn something. It may imply that they\nhave actually acquired the ability, but that's not important.\n\n習得 means to actually master/acquire the ability to do something. Whether you\nhave put effort is not important.\n\n> 5年日本語を勉強してきたが、まだ習得できていない。 \n> I have studied Japanese for five years, but I haven't mastered it yet.\n\nIt's possible to say:\n\n> I am on the path to mastering Japanese. \n> （私は）日本語を習得している途中です。\n\nBut it would be more natural to say 「日本語はまだ勉強中です。 I'm still learning\nJapanese.」",
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"score": 3
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] | 21711 | 21714 | 21714 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21713",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does it refer to two different types of markets? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T02:54:29.057",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between (いちば/しじょう) for 市場?",
"view_count": 1530
} | [
{
"body": "\"いちば\" is a real place, e.g.\n\n * [魚市場]{うおいちば} (fish market)\n * [青果市場]{せいかいちば} (fruit and vegetable market)\n * etc. \n\n\"しじょう\" is the abstraction, e.g.\n\n * [国内市場]{こくないしじょう} (domestic market)\n * [労働市場]{ろうどうしじょう} (labor market)\n * [金融市場]{きんゆうしじょう} (financial market)\n * etc. \n\n**_Exceptions:_**\n\n * [中央卸売市場]{ちゅうおうおろしうりしじょう} (central wholesale market)\n * others (in the field of finance often \"しじょう\")",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T03:21:00.463",
"id": "21713",
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"score": 11
}
] | 21712 | 21713 | 21713 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "For example, how would you say \"I thought you were in Japan\"?\n\nHow about any other samples on how to use _omou_ in past tense?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T05:08:50.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How do you use \"omou\" in the past tense?",
"view_count": 11573
} | [
{
"body": "Nihon ni iru to omotteta noni.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-10T05:12:55.447",
"id": "21718",
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"body": "Well, I guess the past tense of 思｛おも｝う is 思った, thus \"I thought\" can be\ndirectly translated to \"思った\".\n\nAccording to\n[tatoeba](http://tatoeba.org/eng/sentences/search?query=%E6%80%9D%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F&from=und&to=und)\n(Not the best example around, but still) :\n\n`初{はじ}めは病気{びょうき}だと思った。 それは本当{ほんとう}だと思った。`\n\nAre valid sentences and mean:\n\n * At first, I thought he was sick.\n * I thought it was true.\n\nSo 思った covers your use case :\n\n` 日本にいると思った。`\n\nTo expand on the other answer : 思ってた would be akin to a progressive form, it\nis a Verb-て+いる、but contracted. However, in this case the meaning is rather one\nof \"state-of-being\", i.e. \"思ってた\" is closer in meaning to \"I was in the state\nof thinking\" that \"I thought\". It is best to use it in your case, because (I\nthink) it puts more emphasis on the fact that you have changed your mind since\nthen. Depending on your intention, you can then add endings to your verb,\na.k.a のに. However, I am unsure to its sense.\n\nBy looking at [this link](http://maggiesensei.com/2012/06/20/how-and-when-to-\nuse-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%ABnoni-request-lesson/) and [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18063/the-%E3%81%AE-\nin-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AB-and-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AB) it appears that のに is\nsimilar to \"although\" or \"even though\" and the main sentence is often dropped.\nIn our case I guess のに would be expanded and translated to :\n\n`Even though I thought you were in japan, (you are here)`",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T05:14:12.257",
"id": "21719",
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"body": "Past tense of omou is omoimashita (formal ) or omotta (non formal).\n**あなたは日本にいると思いました。** I thought you were in Japan.\n\nthere are a lot of verb conjugation websites out there I think it would be\neasier if you know the the basic of Japanese verb conjugation. Try learning\nthe Te- form it would make you understand how easy it is to conjugate verbs.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T05:16:31.093",
"id": "21720",
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{
"body": "I'll assume that you aren't literally asking how to conjugate 「思う」 to past\ntense (which simply put, is just 「思った」), but instead that you are actually\nasking \"how to use it in past tense\".\n\n* * *\n\nWhat makes this complicated is that 「〜と思う」 doesn't mean \"to think ~\" (as in,\nthe state of holding some belief). Instead, it means something more like \"to\nhave the thought ~\" (as in, the instantaneous occurrence).\n\nThe state of \"to think ~\" then becomes 「〜と思っている」.\n\n* * *\n\nUsing your example sentence \"I thought you were in Japan\", there are a lot of\ntranslations. Let us consider these two:\n\n> 日本にいると思った。\n>\n> 日本にいると思っていた。\n\nTrying to explain the difference using English glosses probably will be a\nfutile exercise, but with the prior explanation in mind, this difference might\nmake sense:\n\n * The first (using 「思った」), expresses a degree of surprise or disbelief (because 「思った」 by itself means that you \"just had the thought\", and that notion of immediacy/recency indicates your surprise/disbelief).\n\n * The second (using 「思っていた」) is neutral.\n\nSo, depending on the context, you may choose the first or the second.\n\nFor example, if you live in America and someone you thought was in Japan walks\nin the door, you could say something like\n\n> え！？今日本にいると思った！ \n> \"Huh?! I thought you were in Japan!\".\n\nOn the other hand, if you're talking about what you thought in the far past,\nwhere the surprise is no longer relevant, you would say something like\n\n> 昨日電話した時、日本にいると思っていた。 \n> \"When I called you yesterday, I thought you were in Japan.\"\n\n* * *\n\nOf course, \"I thought you were in Japan.\" can be used in yet even more ways in\nEnglish, for example, \"Man, I thought you were in Japan.\", in which case you'd\nsay something like 「日本にいると思っていたのにな…」. I guess I would classify this usage\nnuance as \"expressing inconvenience\".\n\nAnyways, to save you from an even longer answer, let me conclude that if you\nare trying to pay attention to nuance, then English and Japanese tend to be\npretty drastically different and translating between them can be pretty hard\nfor that reason. Hopefully this answer let's you know about the things you\nmight need to worry about with regards to 「思う」 in particular, at least.",
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"id": "21721",
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] | 21717 | null | 21721 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21740",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Sometimes when I see verbs in a sentence that uses it as a subject or noun\nrather than an event or verb which explains what happens in a sentence. E.g.:\n\n> * 私は食べるのが好きです。\n> * 金曜日、日本へ行っては思う。\n>\n\nIn the two examples,the verbs are expressed in different ways but both are\ntreated as nouns. In the first example 「食べる」 is expressed as 「食べるのが」 but 「行く」\nis expressed as 「行って」 in the second example.\n\nWhat is the difference between these two sentences?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-10T11:06:18.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21722",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-10T16:32:02.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "7955",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 〜て and 〜の？",
"view_count": 589
} | [
{
"body": "I will assume you already have a relatively good understanding of the verb+の\nform as a nominaliser. It is similar to verb+こと.\n\nRegarding ては, have you come across the verb+てはいけない structure before, meaning\n\"do not do x\"? This is probably the most common usage of the ては form, at least\nfor beginners. It is essentially saying \"if you do x, it will not do\". In\nother words, ては is yet another conditional form.\n\nFrom A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar. p.463:\n\n> The conjunction TE WA is used to connect an action or state presented as a\n> topic and a negative comment.\n\nExamples:\n\n> そんなに勉強しては、体をこわしますよ。 = If you study that hard you will ruin your health.\n>\n> あの男は来ては邪魔になる。 = If he comes he will get in our way\n\nSo this is the theory behind it. I'm not sure about the example you gave\nthough, I wonder if it should be 金曜日、日本へ行っては **どう** 思う？ And if that works,\nwhether it has a negative or cynical nuance as per the above explanation from\nADIJG.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T15:49:38.700",
"id": "21724",
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{
"body": "私は食べるのが好きです means \"I like eating\" and 食べるの functions as a noun but 行って(は) as\nin 金曜日、日本へ行っては思う is not a noun but an adverb or a verb in an adverbial form,\nand it means \"Every friday I go to Japan and think\".\n\nAs for 金曜日、日本へ行っては思う, first, は is not a particle to denote the subject of the\nsentence here, so the sentence doesn't mean \"the act of going make me think\"\nor something. This は following a て form means you automatically repeat those\nsequential actions of going and thinking.\n\n * 思う : I think\n * 日本へ行って、思う : going to Japan, I think (there)\n\nNow 行っては… means the actions above occur repetitively, and if you regard the\npreceding action as a condition for the following one, you can translate it\ninto \"Every time I go to Japan, I think\".",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-11T09:29:45.783",
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}
] | 21722 | 21740 | 21740 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21737",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this construct that I'm not familiar with:\n\n> 「。。。推移しておりますしょうか。」\n\nWhat is the use of the ending 「～おりますしょうか。」 I assumed it to be a shortening of\n「～おりますでしょうか」 seeing as the meaning seems to be the same. Is this correct?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-10T17:44:58.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21726",
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"owner_user_id": "9292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use of 「～ておりますしょうか。 」",
"view_count": 324
} | [
{
"body": "I believe this was a typo. 「しておりますしょうか」 itself is neither grammatical nor\ncommonly accepted. Your assumption that it was meant to mean 「しておりますでしょうか」 is\nperfectly rigid.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-11T06:23:32.627",
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}
] | 21726 | 21737 | 21737 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21730",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is from one of the readings in 中級から学ぶ日本語 workbook (Ch.16), about a man\nwho has just retired and is sitting back with a beer thinking about how hard\nhe worked and whether it was all worth it. There are a couple of sentences in\nthere that use the ず form which are confusing me:\n\n> There were also those terrible times when I had to go away on business three\n> times a month. それでも別に不満には思わず人の倍働き、今日定年を迎えたのだ。\n\nI'm guessing it means something like, 'Yet, without being aware of my\ndissatisfaction, and working twice as hard as others(?), today I welcome in my\nretirement.' But I'm not sure if 別に不満には思わず modifies 人 as in 'a person who is\ndissatisfied without knowing', or if there are three clauses in there 1) not\nrealising my(?) dissatisfaction, 2) working twice as hard as a normal person\n(??), 3) welcome in my retirement.\n\n> I would think 'I'm quitting! But if I quit, what could I do? The world is a\n> tough place, I have to support my family.' These thoughts troubled me.\n> だれにも言わず、だれにも言えず、苦しんだ。\n\nDoes this mean 'Not telling anyone, and not being able to tell anyone, I\nsuffered through it'?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T18:18:23.340",
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"id": "21727",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ず negative verb",
"view_count": 2176
} | [
{
"body": "Sorry but both Eric Wang and e2r2i2k2 are incorrect. 言わず is similar to 言わないで,\nnot 言わない (unless it's placed at the end of a sentence). And this 思わず is a\nnegative adverbial which modifies 働き. ず never modifies a noun.\n\nず ≒ ずに ≒ ないで \n（ 思わず ＝ negative of 思い ）≒ 思わずに ≒ （ 思わないで ＝ negative of 思って ）\n\nSo the sentence means: \"Having worked twice as hard as others without feeling\nunhappy in particular, today I'm having the day of retirement\".",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T19:42:29.243",
"id": "21730",
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"score": 6
}
] | 21727 | 21730 | 21730 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21733",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While filling in the application I have met the next sentence:\n\n * ｢コースガイド」から **希望する** 大学を選ぶこと｡ There was also a translation into English:\n * Please choose the universities that you wish to attend from among those listed in the“Course Guide.” \n\nBut, it was the first time for me, when I have met the verb **希望する**. I know\nthe word 希望 and it's meaning \"hope\", but not the verb.\n\n1) I am not even sure, how to translate it. For ex.: 大学を **希望します** ? 2) Also I\nam confused, in which situations (except this application, where I need to\nfill in a chosen school) can I use this verb **希望する**. Is it very formal? Is\nthere any situations, whe this verb can suit?\n\nI hope, my question is clear.Thank you a lot in advance.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-10T22:09:25.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21731",
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"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Usage of a verb 希望する",
"view_count": 487
} | [
{
"body": "When someone says 「希望する大学」, it implicitly means 「(進学を)希望する大学」, hence, \"wish to\nattend\" (although, it should be \"hope to attend\" to be more accurate). When\nyou say 「大学を希望します」, it is translated to \"I hope for a college,\" which sounds a\nbit strange. A better way to say it would be 「大学進学を希望します」.\n\nI don't think 希望する is very formal, but a more informal way of saying it would\nprobably be 進みたい or 行きたい.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T23:16:49.377",
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}
] | 21731 | 21733 | 21733 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21739",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have met the sentence:\n\n * 各学生への **細やかな** 配慮と個人的な学術的な指導があるため。\n\nThe word **細やかな** is translated in the dictionary usually as _friendly_ or\n_tender_.\n\n1) Could you please tell me more exact translation of this word and of the\nwhole sentence? 2) And in which contexts is this word most suitable?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-10T22:57:33.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21732",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Usage of an adjective 細やか（な）",
"view_count": 251
} | [
{
"body": "「細やかな配慮」 is a common phrase in Japanese (it has 250,000 hits in Google). It\nmeans \"careful consideration\".\n\nAs for contexts, it is the same as the English counterpart, i.e. more often in\nmore formal, polite writing.\n\nAs this sentence is missing a larger context, it is hard to translate\nperfectly, but it would be something like\n\n> (Because) careful consideration and individual educational guidance are\n> there for each student.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T01:03:47.847",
"id": "21734",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-11T01:03:47.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "> 1) Could you please tell me more exact translation of this word and of the\n> whole sentence?\n\n\"Thanks to his/her(?) **kind consideration** and personal academic advice to\nhis/her own each student\"\n\n> 2) And in which contexts is this word most suitable?\n\nI think considering the contents of the speech, it is something related with\nuniversities, post graduate, or something about a particular professor, etc.\n\n* * *\n\nHere is some extra grammatical information:\n\n細やか is actually an \"adjectival noun\" (形容動詞{けいようどうし}) , which you can learn\nalmost anything about on the [_Adjectival noun_ Wikipedia\npage](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjectival_noun_%28Japanese%29).\n\nSince the word that comes after it is 配慮{はいりょ}, which is a noun, it conjugates\n(similar to verbs).\n\n> There is one type of adjectival noun in modern usage, with inflections as\n> follows. \n> [ _Note: On the Wikipedia page, you can see all the conjugation forms that\n> are copied below._ ]\n>\n> 未然形 (Irrealis) `-daro` \n> 連用形 (Adverbial) `-daQ` `-de` `-ni` \n> 終止形 (Conclusive) `-da` \n> 連体形 (Attributive) `-na` \n> 仮定形 (Hypothetical) `-nara` \n> 命令形 (Imperative) ×\n\nThus, it conjugates into the 連体形{れんたいけい} (attributive), which is the form that\nleads into nouns: 細やか **な**\n\n細やか denotes \"considerate\", \"discreet\", \"minute\", etc, etc.",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-11T02:51:22.913",
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},
{
"body": "The term 「細やか」, as suggested by the letter \"細\", has the nuance like _finesse_\n, _delicateness_ , _subtleness_ , _sensitiveness_. So when it is used to\nmodify 配慮(concideration/care), the outline of the meaning of the expression\n\"細やかな配慮\" is that there has been a careful, adequate and warm care for the\nstudents, which supported each student in need. The support was accessible and\nwas regardful of the different states that different students had.\n\nModifying the word like \"配慮\" and \"心づかい\" is one of the most suitable contexts\nfor this word. It can also be used to describe other things. Some examples\ntaken from [青空文庫](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/) :\n\n> 隣家の主婦の愛情の細やかさ (横光利一,\n> [睡蓮](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000168/files/1103.html))\n\n,\n\n> 人の生活の細やかな味わい (有島武郎,\n> [幻想](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000025/files/4666_20525.html))\n\n,\n\n> 生々と細やかに描き出され (宮本百合子,\n> [同志小林の業績の評価によせて](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000311/files/2842_8479.html))\n\n,\n\n> 光琳の蒔絵のような細やかな柳の葉をすいすいすいすい描き出した (正岡容,\n> [圓朝花火](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001313/files/47769_34009.html))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T08:31:03.687",
"id": "21739",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-11T13:56:08.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "4223",
"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "21732",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 21732 | 21739 | 21739 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21742",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In an email, I came across\n\n> 搭載されてます機能。。。\n\nI understand how 「～ています」can get shortened to 「～てます」, but I thought this was\ninformal (hence, contradicting the need for the 「～ます」 ending.\n\nAlso, I found it strange to be using a verb with a 「～ます」 ending as an\nadjective. What are the rules/nuances of using 「～ます」 like this?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T01:32:50.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21735",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-11T16:19:49.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "「～てます」 as an adjective",
"view_count": 237
} | [
{
"body": "> 搭載されてます機能\n\nIf this was in a formal business email, I would say it's grammatical but\noverly casual. As you well know, the ています-to-てます-conversion is very common in\ncasual and colloquial Japanese, but that's not something you can use in a\nbusiness email.\n\nThey should have wrote in one of the followings ways:\n\n> * 搭載されています機能\n> * 搭載されております機能 (using humble おる)\n> * 搭載されている機能\n>\n\nAs you can see, using ます to modify the following noun like this is not\nuncommon.\n\nThat said, the last one is universally valid, and I personally prefer it even\nin a formal email. There is no need to use 丁寧語 there, and I feel that using\nthe first form too much may leave an obsequious impression on people.\n\nOf course you can safely say \"搭載されてる機能\" in a casual situation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T16:19:49.753",
"id": "21742",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "21735",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 21735 | 21742 | 21742 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21743",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have no idea how to translate this sentence pattern into Japanese. If I try\nwith basic grammar, it sounds very wrong and overly complex.\n\nWhat is the most natural way of expressing this? If there is a more business\nversion, please share it as well.\n\nFor example\n\n> * 電話が鳴ったら早く電話に出ると言われました\n> * それが出来ると課長に報告してと言われました.\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T12:24:59.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21741",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-11T17:34:11.240",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-11T16:16:19.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "664",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "I was told to do X if Y",
"view_count": 556
} | [
{
"body": "If you want to avoid using quoted speech, the common idiom worth memorizing is\n**\"Xするよう(に)言う\"**.\n\nYour translation attempt is not bad, but here are a few comments:\n\n * In the first example, are you intentionally using [the plain form 出る as an imperative](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15816/5010)? That makes sense, but it's better to simply use the imperative form 出ろ.\n * No need to say 電話 twice.\n * In the second example, this それ is usually omitted.\n * Replace 出来ると with 出来たら. Explaining the difference between と and たら is difficult for me, but you can see this page: [Conditionals | Learn Japanese](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals)\n\nHow about these?\n\n> * 電話が鳴ったら早く出ろと言われました。\n> * 電話が鳴ったら早く出るように言われました。\n> * 出来たら課長に報告してと言われました。\n> * 出来たら課長に報告するよう言われました。\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T17:25:26.110",
"id": "21743",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
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"parent_id": "21741",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 21741 | 21743 | 21743 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21746",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the following sentence and I'm having troubles understanding the\ngrammar:\n\n> …一条君の事好きだった…\n\n`一条` stands for the person's name. That being said, I understand `君` is a\npersonal pronoun like `you`, as for the phrase `君の事` means something like\n\"yourself\" or \"the real you\".\n\nWhat I don't get is the gramatics behind adding the person's name followed by\na pronoun that refers to that person: `一条君の事`. Maybe it has to do with the\nfact that there is no `は` or `が` particle to denote topic/subject?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T18:04:01.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21744",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-11T19:42:28.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "5230",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "(Person's name) + 君の事",
"view_count": 663
} | [
{
"body": "君 when applied to person's name is not \"きみ\" but is \"くん\", which is honorific\nsuffix for boys. の事 is hard to translate directly, but basically it means\n\"someone's being\" (sorry if this is not the best translation). 好きだった is quite\nobvious.\n\nSo we get: \"I used to like (love) mr. Ichijo\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T18:22:01.033",
"id": "21746",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-11T18:22:01.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6748",
"parent_id": "21744",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "**[君]{きみ} vs. [君]{くん}**\n\n> 1) 君 is read **きみ** in:「一条、君の事好きだった。」\n>\n> 2) 君 is read **くん** in:「一条君の事好きだった。」\n\nIn Sentence #1, 「[君]{きみ}」 is a second-person pronoun.\n\nIn Sentence #2, 「[君]{くん}」 is a friendly honorific mostly for boys or those who\nare lower in status than you.\n\nSentence #1 can only mean **_one_** thing: \"I liked you, Ichijou.\"\n\nSentence #2 can mean **_two completely different_** things: \"I liked you,\nIchijou.\" **_and_** \"I liked Ichijou.\"\n\nWhich one Sentence #2 means depends on the context. I want to point out that,\nunlike in English, we often use the person's name (plus an honorific) as a\nkind of a \"second-person pronoun\" when speaking directly to that person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T01:10:35.500",
"id": "21750",
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"score": 6
}
] | 21744 | 21746 | 21750 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21751",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I deal with lots of formal emails (within the company) that refer to unnamed\n3rd parties. The first reference is 「研究者」. If I want to use \"they\" later in\nthe email, what should I use? I've seen both 「彼ら」 and 「先方」 used, but I'm not\nclear on nuances of these or if there are other choices.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T18:14:10.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21745",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-12T02:01:13.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"formality",
"email"
],
"title": "3rd person references in formal emails",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "Any clarification as to who exactly 研究者 is? Are they customers? Employees?\nTrainees?\n\nAlso who are you addressing the email to? 彼ら is often quite brash to use when\nemailing your superiors (but this really does depend on them, mine let me get\naway with all sorts of things).\n\nI would stick with 先方 but really if all else fails just call them 研究者 -\n{Probably the one I would personally use in a similar situation}. Otherwise it\ncan get confusing and the meaning of 先方 could mean any of the parties involved\nassuming you mention any other party / groups of people in an email.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T02:01:13.030",
"id": "21751",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-12T02:01:13.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9241",
"parent_id": "21745",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 21745 | 21751 | 21751 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21759",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have a question about the meaning of という訳でもないのだが in the following passage.\nIf I'm understanding correctly\n\n> 「いたからと言ってなんだ」 - 「居たからと言って何だ」\n\nwould translate to something like\n\n> \"even if he/she was, then what\".\n\nHowever, I can't quite understand the whole sentence:\n\n\"Well, it's not that, (even if she was there, then what).\" - fast translation.\n\n> ・・・・・・それにしても、あの少女のことは綾奈も知らないのか。\n>\n> 先程はうまく説明できなかったが、目立つ、というより、不思議な感じがした。\n>\n> まあ、いたからと言ってなんだ、 **という訳でもないのだが** 。\n>\n> ・・・・・・。\n>\n> ちょっと後で後輩のやつにもメールで聞いてみるか。\n>\n> ・・・・・・本当に、いたからと言ってなんだ、というわけじゃ、ないんだけどな。\n\nContext: The MC seems a strange girl. And now he's asking his friends if they\nhave seen here before.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-11T22:04:18.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21747",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T21:00:13.960",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-28T21:00:13.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "3183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「という訳でもないのだが」",
"view_count": 2651
} | [
{
"body": "Edited per the further info from Mr.Naruto.\n\nHmmmm....quite interesting. Let me answer, will you.\n\n> > ・・・・・・・それにしても、あの少女のことは綾奈も知らないのか。 先程はうまく説明できなかったが、目立つ、というより、不思議な感じがした。\n> まあ、いたからと言ってなんだ、という訳でもないのだが。 ・・・・・・。 ちょっと後で後輩のやつにもメールで聞いてみるか。\n> ・・・・・・本当に、いたからと言ってなんだ、というわけじゃ、ないだけどな。\n\nSince there are no sentences before and after this, ( if you can post them,\nplease do it so for further information. )\n\nMy translation will be like this ( I am sorry if I make some English mistake (\nwhich means, if it sounds unnatural to you )\n\n> > Hmmmm, well then even Naya does not know about the girl. When I spoke with\n> you, I was not able to explain anything well about the girl, to me, she\n> seemed to have had kind of a surreal look, not striking impression as you\n> might say. However that doesn't make me inquire about her furthermore ・・・・・\n> I will try to ask my subordinate ( junior? ) later by e-mail, but please\n> notice it is not because the girl was up there and left some impact on me.\n\n## And regarding your question,\n\nI have a question about the meaning of という訳でもないのだが in the following passage.\nIf I'm understanding correctly 「いたからと言ってなんだ」 - 「居たからと言って何だ」 would translates\nsomething like - \"even if he/she was, than what\", however I can't quiet\nunderstand the whole sentence.\n\n* * *\n\nI think your understanding is, in the end, correct, \"even if she was there,\n\"then\" what\" seems to fit with this context. The \"speaker\" does not care, or\nalthough he might actually care, he is speaking to his friend that the girl's\npresence was not important at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T00:54:21.243",
"id": "21749",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-12T03:04:34.270",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-12T03:04:34.270",
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},
{
"body": "> 「(Situation or event) + （だ）から + **と** 言ってなんだ（、） + **と** いうわけ + では/でも/じゃ +\n> ない」\n\nIn short, this is a set phrase to make things vague. It being a set phrase is\nthe important point because it will enable the listener or reader to know\nautomatically that the speaker or writer is being purposely vague about\nsomething.\n\nBecause it is a phrase to make things vague, it can be difficult to translate\nit naturally into a language (or culture) where vagueness is not regarded as\nvirtue --- or at least not as much as it is in the Japanese culture.\n\nNotice the two quotative 「と's」. That would already be a good sign of\n\"vagueness\", wouldn't it? No one actually has said or heard anything regarding\nthe fact that the girl was there. Nor the speaker is about to make a\nmeaningful comment on that fact.\n\nThe speaker basically has nothing concrete to say here, which is why 「なんだ」 is\nbeing used instead of a meaningful phrase or even one \"real\" adjective. He is\nat a loss of words.\n\nIf you absolutely need a translation, you could use:\n\n> \"It is not that I want to make a (particular) statement (about the\n> situation).\"\n>\n> \"It is not that a discussion is in order (about the situation).\"\n>\n> \"(She was there.) Not that it is important.\"\n\nPoint is, no matter how you translate it, you will not be able to translate it\nback to the original Japanese phrase in question. That is the limitation of a\ntranslation method in foreign language studies.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T09:00:07.500",
"id": "21758",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-12T09:00:07.500",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "* \"～という訳ではない\" is a common set phrase which corresponds to \"That is not to say ～\" or \"That doesn't mean ～\", referring to what was already stated. Using で **も** ない instead of ではない adds \"not in particular\" or \"not really\" feelings to the sentence.\n\n * There is another common set phrase \"だから何だ？\" （or \"だからどうした？\"）, which means \"so what?\" It actually implies something negative -- \"that's _not_ important\", \"It _doesn't_ matter\", or \"I _don't_ care\".\n\nThese by themselves are easy to you, aren't they?\n\nIn the sentence in question, I think you got the last half right. But maybe\nyou read the first half of the sentence using the above knowledge, like \"so\nwhat? she is _not_ important\". That would result in something like \"That's not\nto say she is not important,\" or \"she _does_ matter to me,\" which did not\nmatch the context. (Of course, the guy who said this (twice) is actually very\ncurious about the mysterious girl. But in that sentence, he is trying to\ndeceive himself, saying he's not interested.)\n\nIf that's the case with you, let's stop interpreting this なんだ part as \"so\nwhat?\" This なんだ is not negative by itself, but should be interpreted as \"it\nsomehow matters\" or \"it's of some importance\". The whole sentence can be\nunderstood as \"That is not to say {if she was there, then it somehow matters\nto me}\". Or to put it plainly, \"I don't really care if she was there\".\n\nThere are similar idioms, 「どうということはない」「どうという訳ではない」「なんということはない」「なんのことはない」, etc,\nall of which mean \"nothing special\", \"doesn't matter\", \"it's a piece of cake\",\netc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T12:58:05.207",
"id": "21759",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-12T14:58:10.557",
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"score": 5
}
] | 21747 | 21759 | 21759 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21756",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does 回, the kanji for \"turn\", mean in 回答 \"answer\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T03:01:43.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21753",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-16T10:02:10.240",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-12T04:27:42.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "9357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "What does 回 mean in 回答?",
"view_count": 563
} | [
{
"body": "In Chinese, this kanji (or hanzi) originally contains a notion of \"returning\"\n(both transitive and intransitive); for example, 回来 \"to come back\", 回家 \"to go\nback home\", etc.\n\nAlthough in Japan this kanji seems to mean more of \"rotating\" than\n\"returning\", in this case, the original meaning has been carried over into\nJapanese.\n\nSo 回答 is about \"returning an answer.\"\n\n* * *\n\n**[Edit]** More precise answer is provided below by Broccoli forest. Please\ndon't miss it!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T04:27:32.050",
"id": "21756",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7667",
"owner_user_id": "7667",
"parent_id": "21753",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] | 21753 | 21756 | 21756 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21755",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is\n\n> 私は水曜日本に行きます。\n\na reasonable way to say \"I'm going to Japan Wednesday.\"?\n\nIf it is, is this also okay?\n\n> 水曜、私は日本に行きます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T03:08:04.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21754",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-12T11:39:15.337",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-12T03:13:58.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "9372",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is this how to say \"I'm going to Japan Wednesday.\"?",
"view_count": 2010
} | [
{
"body": "You **need** to say 水曜日 rather than just 水曜.\n\nIt might also be preferable to use へ instead of に\n\nbut other than that your sentences will work.\n\n> 私は水曜日、日本に行きます。\n\nand\n\n> 水曜日、私は日本に行きます。\n\nBest per Tomono-san is\n\n> 私は水曜日に日本へ行きます。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T03:51:08.723",
"id": "21755",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-12T11:39:15.337",
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"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "21754",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 21754 | 21755 | 21755 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I want to add から(because) to にくいです, would it become にくいだから or にくいから Also,\nif I want to add けれども to とくいです、is it とくいだけれども or とくいけれども\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T05:44:11.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21757",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-12T15:02:18.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9373",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Plain Form of にくいです and とくいです",
"view_count": 438
} | [
{
"body": "This is what we call a 「ひっかけ[問題]{もんだい}」, a catch question.\n\nEven though 「にくい」 and 「とくい」 may look alike, each belongs to a different part\nof speech. 「にくい」 is a [形容詞]{けいようし} and 「とくい」, a [形容動詞]{けいようどうし}. In the world\nof Japanese-as-a-foreign-language, however, I hear that the former is called\nan \"i-adjective\" and the latter, a \"na-adjective\".\n\n**When attaching other words such as から、けれど、ので, etc. directly to these two\ntypes of \"adjectives\", an extra word must also be inserted with one of the two\ntypes.**\n\n> **_I-adjectives vs. Na-adjectives:_**\n\nWith 「から」:\n\n> 「にくい + から」 vs. 「とくい + **だ** + から」 （「にくい **だ** から」 is incorrect.）\n>\n> 「おおきい + から」 vs. 「きれい + **だ** + から」\n\nWith 「けれども」:\n\n> 「にくい + けれども」 vs. 「とくい + **だ** + けれども」\n>\n> 「かわいい + けれども」 vs. 「すてき + **だ** + けれども」\n\nWith 「ので」though you did not ask about it:\n\n> 「にくい + ので」 vs. 「とくい + **な** + ので」\n>\n> 「ちいさい + ので」 vs. 「しずか + **な** + ので」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T15:02:18.267",
"id": "21763",
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"parent_id": "21757",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 21757 | null | 21763 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21767",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the following sentence:\n\n図書館へ行くつもりなんだ\n\nWhat is なんだ from the grammar point of view?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T19:44:39.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21766",
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"owner_user_id": "4851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to understand なんだ",
"view_count": 466
} | [
{
"body": "I guess I was right, so I'll offer it as an answer.\n\n[According to\nDaijirin](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0-590581#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\n(look at the bottom of the link) it is a shortened form of the 連語 `なのだ`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T20:07:31.397",
"id": "21767",
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"parent_id": "21766",
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"score": 2
}
] | 21766 | 21767 | 21767 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21781",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 生活になぶられた、男の子は自殺した。\n\nMy translation:\n\n> Tormented by daily life, the boy killed himself.\n\nMy other translation:\n\n> The boy who was tormented by daily life killed himself.\n\nI was wondering if there is any nuance when using the passive voice in\ndescriptive relative clauses, and if some of my word choices like 「生活」 and\n「なぶる」 sound natural in this context.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T20:35:37.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21768",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-23T15:57:33.043",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-23T15:57:33.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "9117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "生活になぶられた、男の子は自殺した。Passive voice in Descriptive Relative clauses, and word choice",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "Unfortunately, [なぶる](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/164697/m0u/) is very\nrare in modern Japanese, except that the compound なぶり殺す is occasionally used.\n\nI'm not sure about the exact nuance of \"tormented by daily life\", but if I\nhave to find a transitive verb that fits this situation, I would choose\n[打ちのめす](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/19476/m0u/) or\n[打ちひしぐ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/19510/m0u/). The latter is mainly\nused in its passive form (打ちひしがれる).\n\n> * つらい日常生活に打ちのめされた男の子は、自殺してしまった。\n> * つらい日常生活に打ちひしがれた男の子は、自殺してしまった。\n>\n\nThere is no problem with using passive voice in a relative clause. But don't\ninsert a comma between the noun and the relative clause.\n\nAnd generally speaking, Japanese language tends to avoid inanimate subjects\nwith transitive verbs. See [this\ndiscussion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15518/how-can-i-come-\nto-terms-with-the-animate-inanimate-distinction-in-japanese), or [examples\nhere](http://honmono-eigo.com/tyuuzyoukyuu/museibutsu.html). If you can\nreplace the subject with 少年, you can say this in various ways using\n「思い悩む」「絶望する」, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-13T06:47:01.953",
"id": "21781",
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}
] | 21768 | 21781 | 21781 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How to understand チラツ ?\n\nMy textbook gives \"leaflet\" as a translation. It's in katakana, though, so I'm\nlooking for a corresponding English word, but what is it?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T21:01:42.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21770",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-12T23:46:34.107",
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"owner_user_id": "4851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How to understand チラツ",
"view_count": 1046
} | [
{
"body": "Did you mean チラシ? If so, this is just 散らし written in katakana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T21:10:15.393",
"id": "21771",
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{
"body": "\"Flyers\" > \"Leaflets\"\n\nThe word would most often refer to the (advertising) flyers that are inserted\nin newspapers. In Japan, many flyers are also thrown into your mailbox\n(without your permission).\n\nIt is 「チラ **シ** 」, not 「チラ **ツ** 」. It is the シ in サシスセソ, not the ツ in タチツテト.\n\nFinally, forget the kanji some people mentioned in the comments above for now.\nTo refer to \"flyers\", 「チラシ」 is basically never written using that kanji.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T23:46:34.107",
"id": "21775",
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"score": 2
}
] | 21770 | null | 21775 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21778",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The passive/active verb preference question has been discussed before (\n[Passive vs. active form of verb (past) What is the\ndifference?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4588/passive-vs-\nactive-form-of-verb-past-what-is-the-difference) ), but I had a specific\nquestion.\n\nWhen a verb is used in the adjective location, is active form preferred always\nto passive form?\n\nI would tend to write:\n\n> 保存されたファイルを添付しました。\n\nBut I was told it would better to use the active voice:\n\n> 保存したファイルを添付しました。\n\nIs this always the better (clearer) form?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T21:21:37.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21772",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Passive vs Active form of verbs when used as adjectives",
"view_count": 447
} | [
{
"body": "> I would tend to write:\n>\n\n>> 保存されたファイルを添付しました。\n\n>\n> But I was told it would better to use the active voice:\n>\n\n>> 保存したファイルを添付しました。\n\n>\n> Is this always the better (clearer) form?\n\nMost certainly, the active voice form is better. This is because of who saved\nthe file.\n\n> 保存したファイルを添付しました。\n\nSince quite often the Japanese language omits the subject, this speech has an\nunspoken implication of:\n\n> (私が）保存したファイルを添付しました。\n\nOn the other hand, when I hear:\n\n> 保存されたファイルを添付しました。\n\nThis passive-verb adjective ( taking 連体形 ) tempts me to ask \"by whom the file\nwas saved?\", since in this case the unspoken implication of the Subject is\n(誰かが）保存したファイルを添付しました, meaning, having attached the file \" _someone_ (has)\nsaved.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T02:22:47.943",
"id": "21777",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-13T05:56:54.437",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "In this specific case, at the phrase level, the difference between 保存したファイル\nand 保存されたファイル is usually subtle; both means \"saved file\".\n\nHowever, this phrase is followed by 添付しました whose subject is _you_ , so I feel\nit flows much better when you use the same subject.\n\nYour first example perfectly makes sense, but may be unnecessarily complicated\nas compared to the second one.\n\n**Edit:**\n\nThis may be too obvious, but if you say \"保存されたファイル\", there would be small\nambiguity regarding who saved the file. I don't think that's a huge problem in\nthis specific case, but when the creator of the file is important, you have no\nchoice but to use the active voice.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T02:42:39.117",
"id": "21778",
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}
] | 21772 | 21778 | 21777 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Dear fellow lovers of the Japanese language, please bear with my possibly\nfoolish question.\n\nI've come across this sentence in a visual novel (Fate/Stay Night):\nが、人の噂など当てにならないのが常だ。こんな勝負を持ち出すあたり、男嫌いというより、単に今まで興味がなかっただけかもしれない。\n\nI'm not sure as to what exactly \"あたり\" means in this context. Is it the usual\nmeaning as a noun (success / vicinity), or something else? Can it be replaced\nwith something like のは without the sentence losing much of its original\nmeaning?\n\nThank you for your patience.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-12T23:28:28.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21774",
"last_activity_date": "2021-06-06T17:35:15.993",
"last_edit_date": "2021-06-06T17:35:15.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "21657",
"owner_user_id": "9381",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "あたり at the end of a clause",
"view_count": 1422
} | [
{
"body": "> \"Is it the usual meaning as a noun (success / vicinity), or something else?\"\n\nYou are thinking of another word 「[当]{あ}たり」 as you mention \"success\".\n\"Vicinity\", however, is strongly related to the word in question.\n\nThis one is 「[辺]{あた}り」. 「当たり」 and 「辺り」 are pronounced differently as well --\npitch accent-wise, that is.\n\nThis usage of 「～～～あたり」(It is more than O.K. to write it in kana.) may not be\neasy for the learner. It is a somewhat **_euphemistic_** way of giving an\nexample and making a comment about it.\n\nThe structure is **「(an example) + あたり + (speaker's comment or opinion)」**.\n\n> \"Can it be replaced with something like のは without the sentence losing much\n> of its original meaning?\"\n\nGood insight! That is exactly what I meant by \"euphemistic\".\n\nIf you said something like \"～～が～～するのは～～だ\", it could at times sound too\nstraightforward and/or judgemental. By using 「あたり」, you can _soften_ things a\nlittle without changing the meaning.\n\n「こんな勝負を持ち出すあたり、～～～」 means:\n\n\"Her proposing a match like that, for instance, (makes me wonder ~~~~)\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T01:05:40.543",
"id": "21776",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-13T01:05:40.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] | 21774 | null | 21776 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "If I understand correctly, 便利さ and 利便性 have the same meaning.\n\nIs there any difference in nuance or usage?\n\nMaybe 利便性 is more formal?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T06:16:28.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21779",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-13T17:43:01.743",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-13T06:25:53.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 便利さ and 利便性",
"view_count": 638
} | [
{
"body": "便利 is a quality something provide, 利便 is a quality people perceive.\n\n> ○ 便利を図る \n> ○ 利便を図る\n>\n> ○ 便利な製品 \n> ? 利便な製品\n>\n> ? 人々の便利さ \n> ○ 人々の利便性\n\nIt's true that 利便性 sounds more formal than 便利さ, but it mainly comes from the\ndifference between -性 and -さ. Theoretically, 便利 also has a form of 便利性 as well\nas 利便 has 利便さ, but apparently disfavored than their counterparts according to\nGoogle search.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T07:04:32.197",
"id": "21784",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-13T10:55:57.727",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Yes, \"利便性\" is more formal. \n\"[利便性]{りべんせい}\" = \"便利さの[程度]{ていど}\"\n\n**example(nuance)**\n\n> \"便利さが[高い]{たかい}\" > bad. \n> \"便利さの程度が高い\" > not wrong. not too bad. \n> \"利便性が高い\" > right. good.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T07:24:49.347",
"id": "21785",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-13T07:24:49.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9235",
"parent_id": "21779",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "便利(な) can modify almost anything; 調理器具, 文房具, ソフトウェア, (何でも売っている)店,\n(何でも答えてくれる)ウェブサイト, (色々な状況で使える)ことわざ, (頼みを断らない)友人, etc. (Don't use the last\nexample unless you want to lose your friends.) Commodities such as 鉛筆 or 包丁\nare almost exclusively modified by 便利.\n\n利便性の高い tends to modify larger and/or public things, mainly focusing on their\n_accessibility_ rather than _functionality_. For example, (駅から徒歩で1分の)家,\n(24時間営業の)店, (大都市を短時間で結ぶ)路線, (簡単な手続きで使える)公衆無線LANサービス, etc. (But you can use 便利\nfor these, too)\n\nAnd 利便性 does sound more formal; it's rarely used in casual conversations.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nAfter the discussion below and Google search, I think 利便性の高い家 and 便利な家 well\nillustrated the difference of the two words.\n\nQuite contrary to Kentaro Tomono's statement, apparently 利便性の高いマンション almost\nalways refers to its _location_ -- good _access_ to the nearby facilities such\nas a station, supermarket, school and library.\n\n> * 「利便性」とは、(中略)まず第一には駅からの近さや都心などターミナル駅までの所要時間などのことを指します。(from [All About\n> マンション購入術](http://allabout.co.jp/gm/gc/29254/))\n> * **利便性** とは **交通や買い物などの便利さ** のことです。 (from [新版\n> マンションはこうして選びなさい](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=MZ9dAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT88&lpg=PT88))\n>\n\nIt was not until I checked [the 57th Google result](http://www.rental-mansion-\nmerit.net/use/riben.html) that I could find this term used for a different\naspect of residency.\n\n便利なマンション also refers to the same thing in most cases (e.g. 通勤に便利な家). But it\nwas far easier for me to find different examples, such as 家具付きのマンション,\nエアコン完備のマンション,\n[あると絶対便利なマンションの施設](http://allabout.co.jp/matome/cl000000003200/).",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T11:01:00.477",
"id": "21786",
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"score": 1
}
] | 21779 | null | 21784 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21783",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reading this news article today:\n\n[阿部サダヲが4年ぶりの主演ドラマで水原希子、山口智子 **らと**\n共演](http://www.cinematoday.jp/page/N0070648)\n\nIn the heading and again in the text is 「山口智子 **らと** 共演」\n\nMy question is what is the meaning of the らと between Yamaguchi Tomoko and co-\nstarring? I could not find any dictionary reference for it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T06:45:03.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21780",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-12T17:40:55.063",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-12T17:40:55.063",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"plural-suffixes"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of らと?",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "> = 達と\n\n水原希子、山口智子 **ら** と共演 → 水原希子、山口智子 **& Others**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T06:48:26.250",
"id": "21782",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-13T07:29:20.310",
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"owner_user_id": "9244",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "「らと」 is **two words** , not one, which is why it will not be found in the\ndictionary.\n\n「～～ら」 = \"~~, etc.\"\n\n「と」 = \"with\"\n\n> \"Sadao Abe is co-starring **_with_** Kiko Mizuhara, Tomoko Yamaguchi,\n> **_etc_**.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-13T06:54:10.087",
"id": "21783",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "21780",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 21780 | 21783 | 21783 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21788",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The speaker just finished preparing a ring for a tournament when he says this\nsentence by himself (there is no hearer in the scene) :\n\n> さて...テレビ局に行くとするか。\n\nI know that とする can mean \"to decide to\", like にする, the sentence would then\nmean :\n\n> I (just decided that) am going to go to the TV station.\n\n**What difference is there between the volitional form 行こう and 行くとする when it\nmeans \"to decide to\"?**\n\nIf とする means \"to suppose\", \"to assume\" then the sentence would mean :\n\n> I guess I am going to go to the TV station.\n\nWhich makes more sense to me because of the か which I guess adds a bit of\nuncertainty which wouldn't fit (to me) with the meaning \"to decide to\".\n\n**What difference is there between the conjectural 行くだろう(か？), 行くとするか and\n行くと思う(か？)when it means \"To suppose\"?**\n\nBonus point for a quick explanation of this か that I seem to find everywhere.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-13T11:11:26.863",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "とする(か) VS Volitional, conjectural and と思う",
"view_count": 1687
} | [
{
"body": "It appears that you may be overanalyzing the phrase a little bit.\n\n> 「(Verb) + とするか」 is a **set phrase** that one says to oneself meaning:\n>\n> \" **Time to (verb)!** \" or \" **Gotta (verb)!** \"\n\nYou do not need a listener to say this even out loud, either.\n\n> \"I know that とする can mean \"to decide to\", like にする, the sentence would then\n> mean :\n>\n> I (just decided that) am going to go to the TV station.\"\n\n「～～とする」 and 「～～にする」 that mean \"to decide to\" have very little to do with\n「～～とするか」. There is a grammar difference between the two as well.\n\n> \"to decide to (verb)\" = 「(Veb) + **こと** + とする」 or 「(Verb) + **こと** + にする」\n>\n> \"Time to (verb)\" or \"Gotta (verb)\" = 「(Verb) + とするか」 without using 「こと」\n\nThis difference with 「こと」 is huge as it changes the meaning and usage\nentirely.\n\n> \"What difference is there between the volitional form 行こう and 行くとする when it\n> means \"to decide to\"?\"\n\nThis question could not be answered because 「行くとする」 does not mean \"to decide\nto go\" even if you wanted it to mean it. Instead of saying 「行くとするか。」, however,\nyou could say 「（そろそろ）行こうか。」 to yourself. That would be a fairly natural choice\namong us native speakers, too. Another choice would be 「（そろそろ）行くか。」.\n\n> \"If とする means \"to suppose\", \"to assume\" then the sentence would mean :\n>\n> I guess I am going to go to the TV station.\"\n\nI think it safe to say that the meaning of \"to suppose\" is _**included**_ in\nthe phrase 「(verb) + とするか」 even though that is not the meaning of the phrase\nas a whole.",
"comment_count": 0,
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}
] | 21787 | 21788 | 21788 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21794",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When using する verbs, is there a significant semantic/connotative difference\nbetween using the bare noun compared to simply adding a nominalizer (の・こと)\nafter the する?\n\n例：\n\n「運転が好きです。」\n\n「運転することが好きです。」\n\nI'm tempted to say that the latter emphasizes the act of driving, such that\nthey'd be translated respectively to: \"I like driving.\" \"I like the act of\ndriving.\"\n\n... Though I'd be hard pressed to explain even in English how these are\nsignificantly different in meaning. Maybe they're effectively synonymous in\nJapanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-13T19:08:12.810",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Nominalizing する Verbs",
"view_count": 156
} | [
{
"body": "I have no prior research but, speaking from experience, I would say most of\nthe time your way of thinking is right, for some examples (like the one you\nproposed) the difference from one sentence to the other is simply the level of\nemphasis you want to impose. But I also believe that for other sentences such\nas:\n\n```\n\n 野球が好きです\n \n```\n\nand\n\n```\n\n 野球することが好きです\n \n```\n\nyou have a more distinct difference in meaning, the first sentence has the\nmeaning of \"liking baseball\", the sport itself, the second sentence carries\nthe meaning \"I like to play baseball\". But since I have not made a prior\nresearch I would also like to hear from others.",
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] | 21789 | 21794 | 21794 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21793",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to write a phrase that says \"Fortunately I passed (the exam)\" and I\nwould like to use 幸い in it, but I'm not sure how I would go about writing it,\nmainly because I'm not quite sure which particle to use together with 幸い. In\nmy vision there are 2 options:\n\n```\n\n 幸いに合格した\n \n```\n\nor\n\n```\n\n 幸いで合格した\n \n```\n\nI'm more inclined to say that the first option is the right one, but both\ncould be wrong or the second option could be the right one. I would appreciate\nsome insight.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-14T01:20:59.687",
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"owner_user_id": "7489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "幸い Usage with Particles (~で or ~に)",
"view_count": 140
} | [
{
"body": "「[幸]{さいわ}い **に** 」 is the correct form and another possibility is 「幸い **にも**\n」.\n\n「幸い **で** 」 is incorrect.\n\nYou will see/hear 「幸いです」、「幸いである」、「幸いでした」, etc., but the 「で」 is not a particle\nin any of those phrases.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-14T01:38:19.710",
"id": "21793",
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"score": 4
}
] | 21792 | 21793 | 21793 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21798",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When referring to previous document (manual, email, etc.) or a previous\nstatement/reply I'm not sure of the difference between using 「点」, 「所」 and\n「箇所」.\n\nI would want to say something along the lines of:\n\n> 「その点では、問題があります。」\n>\n> 「マニュアルには、一箇所は不一致になりました。」\n>\n> 「間違えたところは、４つあります。」\n\nBut to me, it seems as though 「点」, 「所」 and 「箇所」 are mainly interchangeable,\ngranted the sentence might have to be slightly changed to accommodate the new\nword.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "9292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Using 「点」 vs 「所」 vs 「箇所」to refer to a point in a document, description, etc",
"view_count": 968
} | [
{
"body": "**箇所{かしょ}** (or 個所) is a physical \"point\" you can point where it is (that is,\non the paper or elsewhere). You can translate it as \"place\", \"spot\" or \"site\".\n**点{てん}** , by contrast, indicates abstract \"point\" you can only name in your\nmind (unless it means literal \"dot\"). Possible translations are \"respect\",\n\"regard\" or \"aspect\".\n\n> ○ 論旨{ろんし}に筋{すじ}の通{とお}らない **点** がある。 _There are illogicalities in the\n> argument._ \n> × 論旨に筋の通らない **箇所** がある。\n>\n> × 誤字{ごじ}を三 **点** 修正{しゅうせい}しました。 \n> ○ 誤字を三 **箇所** 修正しました。 _I fixed three typos._\n\n**所{ところ}** is a vague word more or less corresponds to \"where\". It could be\nused in place of both 箇所 and 点, just sounds more informal (colloquial) than\nthem. Take care that 点 and 箇所 are counter words (as above), while 所 is _not_\n(`× 誤字を一ところ修正しました。`).",
"comment_count": 5,
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"score": 3
}
] | 21795 | 21798 | 21798 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is this a grammatically sound sentence?\n\n今年、私が勉強したことがない科目を習うことにします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T04:03:38.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21797",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-14T12:27:00.497",
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"owner_user_id": "9373",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "is this a grammatically sound sentence?",
"view_count": 140
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it is, if only that's what you're trying to say.\n\nIt means: _This year, I'm(we're) decided to learn (i.e. take classes of)\nsubject(s) that I've never studied._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T06:36:30.077",
"id": "21799",
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{
"body": "It's a grammatically sound sentence. That said...\n\n1) The mixing of 勉強 and 習う is kind of weird, I think.\n\n2) Unless it's there for special emphasis, I think you can dispose of the 私が.\n\n3) This might just be a question of style, but ～ことにする should be in the past\ntense when making a decision (since you've already made it). If you're making\na selection, then nonpast sounds right (てんぷらにする).\n\n今年は勉強したことがない科目を勉強することにした。\n\n(In fact, 今年は勉強したことがない科目にした might be the least redundant. And you can also say\n今年は勉強したことがない科目にする, too, since it's a selection.)\n\nIn this case, if you're going to use nonpast, then it sounds kind of redundant\nto say 勉強したことがない科目を勉強することにする - just say 勉強したことがない科目を勉強する。\n\n4) I have a slight nagging doubt about using 勉強する with 科目. Something in me\nwants to say that とる or some other verb might be more natural. That's beyond\nthe limits of my 勘 as a nonnative speaker, though. :) Maybe a native speaker\nwill chime in.",
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"id": "21800",
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] | 21797 | null | 21800 |
{
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"body": "I heard the phrase of \"ぼくとお茶しませんか\" from a rather odd [Japan Times\narticle](http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/17/language/desperately-\nseeking-the-lost-art-of-nanpa) by a presumably Japanese woman called Kaori\nShoji. It's also mentioned elsewhere, such as [in a native speaker's blog\nabout Japanese](http://onephrasejapanese.blogspot.com.au/2014/03/the-word-of-\ntoday-would-you-mind-having.html).\n\nIt literally means \"Won't you have green tea with me?\", but there's two things\nI don't know.\n\nWhat venue is implied by the phrase? Is it implied to be a public venue such\nas a cafe, or instead is it somebody's home?\n\nAlso, is the phrase still used nowadays, or considered out-dated?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T14:28:54.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21801",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Nuance and current-ness of \"ぼくとお茶しませんか\"",
"view_count": 281
} | [
{
"body": "> What venue is implied\n\nAt least traditionally, [Kissa-\ntens](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AB%E8%8C%B6%E5%BA%97). Kissa-tens\nused to be cool until around the 80's together with this phrase. Note that\n\"tea\" here doesn't mean green tea. Kissa-ten's primary attraction is coffee\nand to a lesser degree english tea.\n\n> Also, is the phrase still used nowadays, or considered out-dated?\n\nI would say mostly outdated.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-14T19:10:05.743",
"id": "21809",
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{
"body": "ぼくとお茶しませんか is used to _Nanpa_ described in that article.\n\n> For men, the favored tactic was nanpa (originally derived from the term\n> nanjyaku, 軟弱 — which means softie) and this amounted to cruising the streets\n> of Shibuya or Shinjuku, looking out for anyone cute who seemed available,\n> and pulling out that famed and lamest of lines: “Bokuto ocha shimasenka?\n> (「ぼくとお茶しませんか」, “Would you like to have a cup of tea with me?”).\n\nIf I want to say \"Let's take a break\" to my friends, I use\n\n * ちょっとお茶しない？\n * 休憩しない？\n\nand others.\n\nIn this situation, 僕と/私と is left out because it emphasizes \"with who?\" more\nthan needs. So ぼくとお茶しませんか？ is too politely, and it appears odd.\n\n> Also, is the phrase still used nowadays, or considered out-dated?\n\nAs one of _Nanpa_ tactic, it maybe still used.\n\nHowever, I have an impression _Nanpa_ is outdated culture...",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-15T03:04:46.937",
"id": "21817",
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] | 21801 | null | 21817 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21804",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "EDIT : Part of the answer here : [meaning of ギッタンギッタン with\nreference](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19833/meaning-\nof-%E3%82%AE%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3-with-\nreference)\n\n* * *\n\nThe speaker just said :\n\n> オレさまはおまえみたいなカスでもようしゃしねえぞ。\n>\n> I won't show mercy, even to a scum like you.\n\nAnd continues with :\n\n> メロメロのギッタギタにのしてやる。\n\nI know めろめろ can mean \"weeping uncontrollably\", \"to flare up\" or \"to collapse\".\n\nI suppose ぎったぎた is ぎたぎた and means \"greasy, sticky\".\n\nAnd I guess のす means something like \"To knock down someone\" here.\n\nBut I just can't do the maths...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T14:29:50.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21802",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-16T19:01:32.640",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "4822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of メロメロ, ギッタギタ and のす",
"view_count": 1197
} | [
{
"body": "> オレさまはおまえみたいなカスでもようしゃしねえぞ。\n\nI won't show mercy, even to a scum like you.\n\nYes, the translation seems to me O.K.\n\nAnd regarding your next question,\n\n> メロメロのギッタギタにのしてやる。\n\nThis is actually meaning nothing but full of slang.\n\nLike in English, \"I'm gonna beat a mother fucking scumbag like you right now\"\nstuff.\n\nHowever, interestingly, めろめろ has a definition in the dictionary.\n\n<http://gogen-allguide.com/me/meromero.html>\n\nTranslation\n\n> The word めろめろ has been used since Kamakura era and used in variety of ways.\n> According the dictionary about the origin of word, 名語記（めいごき）, it was used to\n> denote \"stripping something thin\" and from the dictionary in Edo era it was\n> used with the same meaning of \"めそめそ” （＝almost same with めろめろ). After Meiji\n> era, The word changed the meaning to denote \"spreading fire\". In modern\n> times, \"メロメロになる” is used towards the opposite sex, or a lovely child, due to\n> a word めらめら that has the same meaning with めろめろ used in Meiji era ( flaring\n> up = have crush on ). However, there is an another theory that holds that\n> the word came from the English word \"mellow\", but since this word has been\n> used from Kamakura era, so it is hard to think the theory is correct.\n\nAnd about ギッタギタ, that is not defined in the above 語源辞典{ごげんじてん} (the dictionary\nof the origin of words), but I found in an English-Japanese the meaning.\n\n<http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/completely>\n\ncompletely = ぎったぎた。\n\nHowever since according to 知恵袋{ちえぶくろ} (wisdom bag), as I said, it actually\nmeans nothing but being used when taunting somebody or some kind of abusive\nword.\n\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1010242465>",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-14T16:27:44.297",
"id": "21804",
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}
] | 21802 | 21804 | 21804 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21806",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Amongst native speakers of English, \"sayonara\" is one of the best known\nJapanese words, at least for words that don't fill a semantic gap (\"sushi\" is\nderived from a Japanese word but fills a semantic gap). It's sometimes used in\nEnglish when saying goodbye, usually in a casual context.\n\nAnd yet, I haven't really noticed the Japanese word さようなら being used in real\nlife, with a couple of exceptions.\n\nOne is when Japanese people are talking with English-speakers. One case I can\nrecall is a Japanese teacher using it at the end of most of her lessons.\n\nThe other instance seems to be when Japanese has re-imported the word from\nEnglish, and written it in katakana. For example\n[サヨナラゲーム](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0),\nor the English \"Sayonara sucker\" in \"Wreck-it Ralph\" being subtitled in\nJapanese with \"サヨナラ[something]\" (if I recall correctly).\n\nOne possibility is that in Japanese, the word さようなら is only used in formal\ncontexts, which I haven't encountered.\n\nIs さようなら still used in real life? If so, when is it used?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-14T15:06:08.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21803",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Is さようなら still used in real life?",
"view_count": 5815
} | [
{
"body": "For the most part さようなら is only really the word to use when you do not expect\nto see somebody again for a long time, or indeed ever. The word has this in\ncommon with the English word \"Goodbye\", except goodbye has drifted from its\noriginal meaning to the point where it's appropriate -- if sometimes a little\nformal -- in any type of parting.\n\nJapanese has a number of other expressions that better fit day to day use\nincluding general expressions for when you don't know when you'll see somebody\nnext and more specific ones when you do know when you will see them:\n\n**General**\n\n * じゃまた\n * またね\n * じゃね\n * また今度\n\n**Specific**\n\n * また明日 _tomorrow_\n * また来週 _next week_\n * また月曜日に _monday, but could be replaced by any specific arranged time_\n\nさようなら is still appropriate when you don't expect to see somebody for a long\ntime but arguably this is a far less frequent occurance in the modern world\nthen it was previously. It's rare that people will go on long journeys and\ntechnology has made communication easier. The main situation I can think of\nwhere it would still fit is if somebody is moving (a neighbour to a new area,\na colleague to a new department, a fellow student to a new school, etc) and\nyou don't expect to stay in touch with them.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-14T16:45:49.683",
"id": "21806",
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"owner_user_id": "1667",
"parent_id": "21803",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "I agree with James' answer.\n\nAdditionally,\n\n * Children might use さようなら more than adults, because they often hear that word in classrooms.\n * In very formal contexts like in bussiness, 失礼します is often used. (This phrase is also used when you are entering rooms like a president's office or a staff room)\n\n<http://cotoacademy.com/blog/japanese-study/good-bye-in-japanese-sayonara/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T17:20:15.310",
"id": "21807",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-26T11:21:22.937",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-26T11:21:22.937",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "What I've heard about \"さようなら\", is that it is actually still used nowadays.\nBut, as colleagues mentioned before, there should be more time to pass till\nyou will see each other again.\n\nAt the end of work, colleagues,who working together, say to each other\n\"お疲れさまでした\"( _or other forms of the same phrase depending on the level of\npoliteness_ ). Which actually means something like \"thank you for your hard\nwork\" and replaces our West-style \"Good bye!\". Also the phrase \"お疲れさまでした\"\ncould be used before superiors. Then, you could hear this in the Universities\nor colleges - when teacher and students say it to each other after the classes\nhave been finished. \nAnd, the last thing, you can use \"お疲れさまでした\" even when you meet people on there\nwork place!\n\nIn other words, everywhere, when I was expecting to hear \"Good bye\", I heard\n\"お疲れさまでした\" instead of \"さようなら\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T18:03:59.313",
"id": "21808",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9364",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 21803 | 21806 | 21806 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "We know that 真っ赤 means \"deep red,\" but how did it come to mean 'downright', as\nin 真っ赤な嘘 (outright lie)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T19:40:17.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21810",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-14T23:36:27.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7161",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"colors"
],
"title": "How did 真っ赤 came to mean \"downright\"?",
"view_count": 202
} | [
{
"body": "真っ赤 doesn't mean deep red, it's an emphatic expression of being red.\n\nIt comes form suffix ma and reduplicated adjectives.\n\n 1. ma aka aka --> makkakka --> makka (まっかっか is still a word)\n 2. ma kuro kuro --> makkuro\n\nEdit: Sorry, my answer was irrelevant to OP's question.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T23:22:58.393",
"id": "21814",
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"parent_id": "21810",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 21810 | null | 21814 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21816",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Dear fellow lovers of Japanese language,\n\nI've come across this dialogue in a visual novel:\n\n> …って、もうじき七時か。秘密の話はこのヘンにしとこう。いつ人がやってくるか判らないし、朝になったら学生らしく振舞わないとな\n\nThe implied meaning is unambiguous here, as it is that they should stop\ntalking secrets and act more like students.\n\nHowever, I'm at my wit's end with the grammar in the second sentence. Is しとこう\na volitional form of しとく (a shortened ～しておく)? That is, does 秘密の話はこのヘンにしとこう。\ncarry the meaning that they should put these stories down [in preparation] for\nwhat happens in the next sentence? It would make sense to me this way but I'm\nvery inexperienced with Japanese language so please correct me if I'm wrong.\n\nThank you for your patience.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T21:23:08.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21812",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-15T01:12:57.287",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-14T22:49:32.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "9384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"slang"
],
"title": "Does しとこう mean what I think it means in casual speech?",
"view_count": 884
} | [
{
"body": "しておく means you do something and leave the situation as it is for a while. (I\nknow it's often translated to \"in preparation\" but that's not accurate in the\nfirst place.)\n\nIn this case, 秘密の話はこのヘンにしとこう, compared with simple …しよう, sounds a less\nforcible suggestion, I mean, it's lighter to suggest the ending point around\nthere than to suggest to shut it down.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-14T23:10:20.187",
"id": "21813",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-14T23:10:20.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "21812",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "「おく」, when used as a subsidiary verb, can basically serve two functions.\n\n> 1) Expresses \"performing Action A in advance (so it will help one perform\n> Action B in the future)\".\n>\n> 2) Expresses \"leave something as-is\" or \"let a situation continue\".\n\nJudging from the context given, I would say that we have a case of function #1\nin use here.\n\nYou have been doing some secret talk (all night) and you want to stop now\nbecause it is almost 7 o'clock and people may start coming in any minute. It\nis time you acted like normal students again.\n\nAction A: Bring the secret talk to an end.\n\nAction B: Act and look like normal students.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-15T01:12:57.287",
"id": "21816",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "21812",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 21812 | 21816 | 21813 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21831",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could someone please clarify the meaning of 自意識過剰? Does it mean the person is\noverly self-conscious of other people's looks/opinions (e.g. very shy person),\nor does it imply an overly huge ego (e.g. narcissist)? Both (somehow)?\nSomething else entirely?\n\nThank you.\n\nEdit:\n\nIt seems I'm not the only one confused about here, e.g. here\n<http://matome.naver.jp/odai/2138723251351191301> one person says it can mean\nboth, while the other confirms my intuition that it doesn't make too much\nsense for two opposite things to share a common word (being shy vs.\negocentric/narcissist).\n\nStill, it would be interesting to hear if anyone manages to find a more\nmeaningful distinction as it could shed some light on the way Japanese\napproach to their public image and how it may differ from ours (a fascinating\ntopic in itself, I suppose).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-15T20:47:34.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21823",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-16T05:54:41.833",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-16T00:43:35.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "9384",
"owner_user_id": "9384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "自意識過剰 - what does it mean, exactly?",
"view_count": 419
} | [
{
"body": "It refers to a person who is worrying too much about evaluations from others.\n\nAs a consequence, 自意識過剰な人 can appear both as narcissists and shy worriers, but\nI think their appearance is not important.\n\nEven when this term is used for \"narcissistic\" people, it implies they are not\nfully confident, and they are trying to beautify themselves out of unnecessary\nanxiety. On the other hand, a true narcissist does not care about other\npeople's criticism.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T05:16:56.153",
"id": "21831",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-16T05:54:41.833",
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"parent_id": "21823",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 21823 | 21831 | 21831 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21827",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I apologize if this is a silly question but can ければ be used to simply link two\nverbs (as in, \"and\")? It doesn't make much sense (or does it?) in the\nfollowing sentence for \"to scream angrily\" making the person to \"follow/cling\nto\" to the narrator, that is: \"(he) was in the state as if he wanted to say\nsomething (but) Shinji didn't shout and didn't follow\" as opposed to \"didn't\nshout, so didn't follow me\"?\n\n> 何か言いたげな口調のまま、慎二は怒鳴る事もなければ追いすがってくる事もない。\n\nCouldn't it simply be replaced here by ...怒鳴る事もなくて追いすがってくる事...?\n\nHave I completely misunderstood the sentence?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-15T21:25:40.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21824",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-16T07:14:51.867",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-15T21:33:23.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "9384",
"owner_user_id": "9384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "ければ possibly used to link verbs instead of causation? (visual novel, narration)",
"view_count": 315
} | [
{
"body": "_**Double Negatives:**_\n\nThe structure that you need to be looking at is:\n\n> 「～～ **も** なければ～～ **も** ない」 = \"neither ~~ nor ~~\"\n\nThis has **nothing to do with causation**. It can link two\n**verb/adjective/noun** phrases, not just verbs.\n\nAs you mentioned \"causation\", I think you are thinking of another usage of\n「（な）ければ」 as in 「チーズが **なければ** ピザは[作]{つく}れない。」 = \"If you have no cheese, you\ncannot make pizza.\"\n\n> 「[慎二]{しんじ}は[怒鳴]{どな}る[事]{こと}もなければ[追]{お}いすがってくる事もない」,\n>\n> therefore, means: \"Shinji would **neither** yell at me **nor** follow me\n> about\"\n\nExample with adjectives:\n\n「このピザはうまくもなければ、まずくもない。」 = \"This pizza is neither good nor bad.\"\n\nExample with nouns:\n\n「あの[人]{ひと}は[男]{おとこ}でもなければ、[女]{おんな}でもない。」 = \"That person is neither a man nor a\nwoman.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T00:49:00.507",
"id": "21827",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "21824",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 21824 | 21827 | 21827 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21828",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "found it at the kanji workbook of shin nihongo no kiso. would it be something\nlike \"among the japanese cuisine, kyoto's cuisine is specially tasty\"? I know\nthat で is used to say \"among\" but the only example I know is using SでいちばんAdj",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-15T21:32:26.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21825",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-16T10:07:56.343",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-16T01:42:38.457",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "what is the use of で in 日本料理は京都の料理でたいへん美味しい",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[日本料理]{にほんりょうり}は[京都]{きょうと}の[料理]{りょうり} **で** たいへん[美味]{おい}しい。」\n\nThe content of the sentence is somewhat questionable, but it is a grammatical\nsentence and it can be analyzed as such.\n\n**_The 「で」 here is an auxiliary verb, not a particle_**. 「で」 is the\n[連用形]{れんようけい} (the conjunctive / continuative form) of the affirmation\nauxiliary verb 「だ」. This 「で」 can be replaced by 「であり」.\n\nThe author could have used a **comma** and wrote:\n\n「日本料理は京都の料理で、たいへん美味しい。」\n\nIt is saying **two separate things** , which is why you need a 連用形 to connect\nthem.\n\n1) Japanese cuisine is (or \"means\") Kyoto cuisine.\n\nand\n\n2) It is delicious.\n\nRelated: [Translation of particle で in\n「オーストラリアは今夏でとてもあついです」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/21468/translation-\nof-\nparticle-%e3%81%a7-in-%e3%82%aa%e3%83%bc%e3%82%b9%e3%83%88%e3%83%a9%e3%83%aa%e3%82%a2%e3%81%af%e4%bb%8a%e5%a4%8f%e3%81%a7%e3%81%a8%e3%81%a6%e3%82%82%e3%81%82%e3%81%a4%e3%81%84%e3%81%a7%e3%81%99)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T01:12:07.453",
"id": "21828",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
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"parent_id": "21825",
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"score": 5
}
] | 21825 | 21828 | 21828 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For 飲みつつそう言った, I'm confused on how it works because a person can't really say\nanything while water is in their mouth. However, does that mean the person\ntalked in between sips or does it mean that the person has yet to actually\ndrink anything and simply talked while raising the cup to his lips? I also saw\na sentence like 聴衆の前に立ちつつ、新製品の発表を行った, so does it mean that the person already\nfinished drinking and said it since 立ちつつ means the person was already\nstanding, not doing the action while in the process of getting to one's feet?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T02:29:30.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21829",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-16T10:05:33.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does つつ work in a sentence like 飲みつつそう言った?",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "You have to regard the verbs (飲む, 立つ) not as actions, but more like \"states of\nbeing.\" 「立ちつつ」 means the person announced the product while in a state of\nstanding. Same with 「飲みつつ」, where \"state of drinking\" does not begin and end\nwith each sip, but rather continues while the person continues to take sips.\n\nI guess in English, you could similarly say \"He/She said so while sipping on\ntheir drink,\" even though, as you point out, it is very hard to say anything\nwith liquid in your mouth!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T04:11:11.067",
"id": "21830",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-16T04:11:11.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9401",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> つつ = ながら\n\n飲み **つつ** そう言った = 飲み **ながら** そう言った\n\nDrink = (to have a glass in hand + carry contents into mouth + put down glass)\n\nAction1 (drink)\n\n> Start(have a glass) ----- carry contents into mouth(once or multiple times)\n> ----- End(put down the glass)\n\nAction2 (say)\n\n> Start ---- End\n\nAlthough you are not drinking when you are talking, what does not stop is not\nthe behavior of drinking. For example, you are drinking as long as the glass\nis in your hand.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T06:54:59.147",
"id": "21832",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-16T10:05:33.187",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-16T10:05:33.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "9244",
"parent_id": "21829",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 21829 | null | 21832 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21835",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just came across an unfamiliar phrase: ありきたりっちゃありきたり.\n\nDoes anyone know what this means? Mainly its because I don't know what the\nfunction of the っちゃ is here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T14:45:47.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21834",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-17T10:04:00.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "Unfamiliar phrase: ありきたりっちゃありきたり",
"view_count": 204
} | [
{
"body": "「～～っちゃ」 is a common colloquial pronunciation of 「～～と[言]{い}えば」. It is heard\nmainly, if not exclusively, in Kanto.\n\n> 「word or phrase + と言えば + _**same**_ word or phrase」 = \"somewhat\n> (word/phrase)\", \"(word/phrase) to a degree\", etc.\n\nIt is a way of affirming a quality partially, if not entirely.\n\n> 「ありきたりっちゃありきたり」\n>\n> = \"somewhat conventional\", \"kind of ordinary\", \"just another ~~\", etc.\n\nThe best translation would depend on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T15:03:42.650",
"id": "21835",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "21834",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 21834 | 21835 | 21835 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21849",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Recently I've been trying to wrap my head around the differences between\n「らしい」「よう」「みたい」「そう」.\n\nI thought I was making some progress when I gave this example to a Japanese\nfriend.\n\n> 知らない人と話しました。そのあと、友達と話す時に\n\nIf I wanted to convey what I thought of the stranger to my friend, my guess\nwas:\n\n> いい人みたい\n\nHowever, I was also told it was possible to say:\n\n> いい人そうだった\n\nIf you google いい人そう or いい人そうだった you will get quite a bit of hits.\n\nIs いい人 actually some sort of compound na-adjective rather than a noun?\n\nOr is this some sort of exception to the rule?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T15:15:53.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21836",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-17T05:53:45.993",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-17T05:53:45.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "6912",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "いい人そう。using \"seemingly\" そう with nouns?",
"view_count": 514
} | [
{
"body": "I slept on it and still think it is a great question because you noticed\nsomething as a learner that I had never noticed in all of my life as a\nJapanese speaker.\n\nWe **DO** say 「いい[人]{ひと}そう」 quite frequently and think nothing of it.\n\nWe **DO NOT** , however, really say\n「すばらしい人そう」、「[頭]{あたま}のいい人そう」、「[保守的]{ほしゅてき}な人そう」, etc.\n\nJust like 「いい + 人 + そう」, all of those have the same grammatical structure\n「adjective + 人 + そう」. So, what makes the difference?\n\nIt seems to me that Japanese speakers are unconsciously treating the phrase\n「いい人」 as a compound functioning adjectivally in this case. The simplicity and\nsemantic broadness of the word 「いい」 appear to be making it all possible. In\nshort, 「いい人そう」 is an exception to the normal grammar standards.\n\nThere may be grammarians out there who insist on the ungrammaticality of the\nphrase 「いい人そう」 but the truth is people use it and they will understand it if\nyou use it. It has already won its citizenship.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-17T01:01:55.203",
"id": "21849",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "[漆谷\n(2010)](http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%8E%A5%E5%B0%BE%E8%BE%9E%E3%80%8C%E3%81%92%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E%E3%80%8C%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%A0%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%99%82%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6-%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A4%E3%81%98%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%8F%A2%E6%9B%B8-%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E7%B7%A8-%E6%BC%86%E8%B0%B7-%E5%BA%83%E6%A8%B9/dp/4894764709)\nstates that \"noun + そうだ\" was once widespread until Edo period, then gradually\nlost in the lead up to present-day language. While he cites actual examples\n「いい酒そう」 or 「お眠気そう」 from Edo novels and play books, he says the major part of\nattachable nouns are those about _person_ or _place_. Of course these usages\nhave been almost perished today, but it seems that your いい人そう is one of the\nfew relics from the past.\n\nFor what it's worth, I've also got some (quite popular) related expressions\nfrom Google:\n\n * いい奴そう (\"good guy\")\n * いい子そう (\"good boy/girl\")\n\nand sporadic ones:\n\n * いい方そう (\"good (gentle)man/lady\")\n * (や/嫌)な奴そう (\"mean guy\")",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-17T06:49:20.707",
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}
] | 21836 | 21849 | 21849 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21859",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Could you please help me out with the last bit of this sentence:\n\n> 「ええ。弓道部は問題児も多いし、巧いのが一人減ったからね。四月の新入生獲得の為に、少しぐらいは見栄えを良くしとかないと」\n\nI've been wondering about the last bit, namely the usage of 少しぐらい and negative\nending + と.\n\nOne definition of 少しぐらい that I found was 規模が不十分であることを示す表現, i.e. an expression\nto demonstrate an insufficiency in scope (please correct me if I'm wrong).\n\nSo if 少しぐらいは is the subject (I may be wrong here, as I've seen adverbs + は\nbefore but haven't seen grammar rules about it yet), then じておく (negative) + と\n- does it work like じゃん (isn't it)? Anyhow, does 少しぐらい add a negative (as in\n\"we don't have enough!\") or a somewhat positive implication (\"little by\nlittle\") in this kind of casual speech? That is, I'm not sure if she's\ncomplaining or being more positive.\n\nSorry if this sounds a bit confused.\n\nThank you for your patience.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-16T17:05:03.767",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "少しぐらいは and 少しぐらい usage in casual speech",
"view_count": 611
} | [
{
"body": "While 少しぐらい can be used to limit the degree of something like you said, in\nthis case it means \"for a little while\".\n\n「V~ないと」is a shorter form of the grammar construction 「V~ないといけない」 which\ntranslates as \"have to/ must\"\n\nAs stated in l'électeur's answer to [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/21812/does-%E3%81%97%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%81%86-mean-\nwhat-i-think-it-means-in-casual-speech), the 「V~ておく」 construction:\n\n> 1) Expresses \"performing Action A in advance (so it will help one perform\n> Action B in the future)\".\n>\n> 2) Expresses \"leave something as-is\" or \"let a situation continue\".\n\nしとく is a contraction of the しておく and so therefore, 「見栄えを良くしとく」 should be\ninterpreted along the lines of \"Keep up appearances (in preparation for\nsomething)\"\n\nBasically, the final conjugation came about as follows:\n\n「見栄えを良くする」→\n\n「見栄えを良くしておく」→\n\n「見栄えを良くしとく」→\n\n「見栄えを良くしとかない」→\n\n「見栄えを良くしとかないといけない」→\n\n「見栄えを良くしとかないと」\n\nAltogether, 「四月の新入生獲得の為に、少しぐらいは見栄えを良くしとかないと」 roughly means: \"We have to keep\nup appearances for a little while, in order to get freshmen to join in April\n(lit: for the acquisition of freshmen in April)\"",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-16T23:12:34.690",
"id": "21843",
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"body": "### 少しぐらいは\n\n少しぐらい（少しくらい） usually conveys a nuance like \"wouldn't matter (to subject) with\njust a bit\", that means the speaker is inclined to it.\n\n> 少しぐらい分けてくれてもいいのに。 (implies they refuse to share a slightest bit to the\n> speaker) \n> 少しぐらい遊ぼうか。 (implies they couldn't play for some reason while they've longed\n> to)\n\nWith this sense, 少しぐらい is adverb and rarely stands as a noun, so it's\nimpossible to interpret it as a subject (the underlying form isn't 少しぐらいが).\nThe real subject of this sentence should be \"we\" or \"you\" (but I can't decide\nfrom your context). The は is practically emphasizing the limitation, say,\n\"compared to nothing\".\n\nA general tip is that you can't expect a subject should be manifested (or even\nsome priority is given to) in Japanese, since the subject is one of the most\ninferable part unless you drastically change the topic.\n\n### しとかないと\n\nIt consists of \"Verb + ておく (contracted) + ない + と\". The last と is not\n\"quotation\" one but \"conditional\".\n\nThis part roughly means \"must keep V-en (have V-ing done beforehand)\". How\ncome it means _must_? Actually, Japanese lacks a word _must_ and we usually\ncombine three elements `(negation) + (conditional) + (word means \"no good\")`\nto express \"must / have to / have ~ to do\" kind of meanings. The last part is\noften omitted in conversation, thus when you see a sentence ending in\n`(negation) + (conditional)`, you can take it as a _must_ with 95% confidence.\n\n> 学校に行かなきゃ。 \n> もう起きなければ。 \n> 買い物しないと。 \n>\n> [生きねば。](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E7%94%9F%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AD%E3%81%B0&tbm=isch)\n\n### Conclusion\n\n> 少しぐらいは見栄えを良くしとかないと \n> lit. \"We(?) must improve the appearance beforehand however little it\n> differs (because I think it's good).\" \n> → _I think we ought to make there looks a bit neater, at least better than\n> nothing._\n\n(Sorry if my English translation is awkward.)",
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}
] | 21837 | 21859 | 21859 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can you tell me what ぐらいでいいのでは means? \nAlso, I don't understand why potential form of the verb is used in this\nsentence Can you help me to translate this sentence?\n\nContext: The questioner asked how to eat \"elegantly\" while you talk to\nsomeone, and the responder wrote:\n\n> 口に運ぶ量を少なめにするといいと思いますよ。三回ぐらい噛んで飲み込める **ぐらいでいいのでは** ？",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-16T20:45:58.103",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of ぐらいでいいのでは in 「三回ぐらい噛んで飲み込めるぐらいでいいのでは？」",
"view_count": 275
} | [
{
"body": "That ぐらい is 位, or \"degree\". So, translating it word by word, it's \"Isn't it\nenough by the degree in which you can bite it three times and swallow it?\".\nWhat it says is eventually \"I think it's enough when you do it so that you\ncould bite it three times and swallow it\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-17T18:14:25.383",
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"body": "Thanks to your additional info, OP, the question is now answerable.\n\nSo, the overall context is:\n\n> Person A: \"How should/could one eat elegantly while speaking to another?\"\n>\n> Person B:\n> 「[口]{くち}に[運]{はこ}ぶ[量]{りょう}を[少]{すく}なめにするといいと[思]{おも}いますよ。[三回]{さんかい}ぐらい[噛]{か}んで[飲]{の}み[込]{こ}める\n> **ぐらいでいい** のでは？ 」\n\n「～～ぐらいでいいのでは？」 is an expression of **suggesting a method** for an action. It\ngives a _**rough**_ _**idea**_ of what should suffice in achieving a good\nresult, which should explain why 「ぐらい = \"approximately\"」 is being used.\n\n「～～でいいのでは？」 = 「～～でいいのでは **ないでしょうか** ？」 if that helps you understand the phrase\nbetter. It is a way of asking the question: \"Wouldn't ~~ suffice?\", \"Wouldn't\n~~ be good enough?\"\n\nWhat is the rough idea being suggested? It is \"bringing a somewhat small\namount of food into your mouth at a time so that _**one could swallow**_ it\nonly after chewing it about 3 times\".\n\nTo say \" _ **one could swallow**_ \", it uses the potential form 「飲み込める」.",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-19T10:50:42.573",
"id": "22900",
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}
] | 21839 | null | 22900 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24699",
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"body": "Occasionally on Twitter, I see tweets from young native Japanese-speakers\nlike:\n\n> おはようございま[鶴]{つる}\n\nwith the obvious meaning of おはようございます。\n\nIs this change of ます to まつる just a form of slang, and is it commonly used and\nunderstood?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-16T21:29:50.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21840",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-16T21:51:08.193",
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"owner_user_id": "8027",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Is the ending ~ま鶴 just a slang corruption of ~ます?",
"view_count": 305
} | [
{
"body": "Commonly understood, not commonly used. It sounds cute or annoying, depending\non your personal biases. It has no special meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-05-29T22:09:29.157",
"id": "24632",
"last_activity_date": "2015-05-29T22:09:29.157",
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{
"body": "As mentioned in the comments above, this seems to be just a small Twitter\nfollowing. The main user, YANAKIKU, is a musician, and changing the ending of\nverbs to 〜ま鶴 seems to be their usage of artistic license, most likely to be\ncute.\n\nI haven't seen it used anywhere other than this, so I assume the meme (if it\ncan be called this) is really just for fans of the group.\n\nOther examples from their twitter page include:\n\n> おはようございま鶴♡ 昨日はありがとうございま鶴でした！\n>\n> マシュー今日はありがとうございま鶴でした！マシューのMCだとなんともいえない安心感がありま鶴！ めっちゃかっこよかった♡\n> 最後ご挨拶できなくてごめんね！これからもよろしくお願いしま鶴！\n>\n> おはようございまつる\n\nNot really something I'd be able use anytime or anywhere without feeling self\nconscious ; )",
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] | 21840 | 24699 | 24699 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21856",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need some help with the sentence below. Things like ～ている、～でいる when finishing\nthe verb as in [似]{に} **ている** 、[読]{よ}ん **でいる** are okay for me. But next\nsentence is something else, because the ending でいた is standing after a noun,\nnot a verb.\n\n> 結婚した後、日本語を勉強するつもり **でいた** が、生活のために始めた仕事は、フランス語を教えること。\n\n * Could you please explain, why でいた was used here, in this sentence? \n * And when we can usually use grammar like this?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-16T21:47:38.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21841",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-16T22:45:16.900",
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"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "What could it be: つもりでいた？?",
"view_count": 716
} | [
{
"body": "This is simply a valid combination of two things you already know:\n\n * te-form + いた forms the past-progressive\n * the te-form of the copula is で\n\nso we have:\n\n * 日本語を勉強するつもりだ -> intend to study Japanese\n * 日本語を勉強するつもり **でいた** -> **was intending** to study Japanese",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-17T05:53:53.593",
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}
] | 21841 | 21856 | 21856 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21844",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Take the following sentence. 人は魚が好きだ. I thought this meant \"Person is likable\nfish\" (I'm new at this) I was told it meant \"People like fish\" Why?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-16T22:20:30.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21842",
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"owner_user_id": "9408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "What is wrong with my translation?",
"view_count": 160
} | [
{
"body": "AはBが好き/嫌いだ means A likes/dislikes B.\n\nは indicates the theme and が indicate the subject, it litteraly means \"About A\n: B is liked\".\n\nThere are many adjectives that follow this pattern in which what would be the\ndirect object in english is the subject in japanese.\n\n> 私は彼が羨ましい。\n>\n> I envy him. \"To me, he is enviable.\"\n\nNot strictly an answer to your question but the AはBが + adjective structure is\nalso used in many cases where the verb \"to have\" would be used in english.\n\n> あの女の子は背が高い。\n>\n> That girl is tall. \"That girl has a tall height (back)\", \"About that girl,\n> her height is tall.\"\n>\n> 犬は鼻が長い。\n>\n> Dogs have long noses.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-16T23:34:43.953",
"id": "21844",
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}
] | 21842 | 21844 | 21844 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21861",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My friend who is Japanese asked me where to meet him. I want to tell him \"\nnext to Tim Hortons like last time\" Do I say \"Tim hortons no chikai zenkai\nmitai\" Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-17T00:10:47.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "21846",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How can I say this in japanese?",
"view_count": 644
} | [
{
"body": "My suggestion is:\n\n> zenkai mitai ni Tim Hortons no soba de. (前回みたいに Tim Hortons のそばで。)\n\nFirst, `chikai` neither is grammatical here, nor means \"next to\". It means\n_near_ or _around_ , that means it could also be a place one block away from\nTim Hortons. `soba` is the right word \"where beside\" (it's a noun). An\nalternative is `tonari` (\"next door\"), if where you're mentioning is another\nbuilding, house or park etc.\n\nNext, English language sometimes modifies from behind: \" _right_ next to TH\"\nvs. \"next to TH _like last time_ \", but Japanese doesn't do this. We always\nsay \"like-last-time next to TH\".\n\nLastly, it's better to put `de` in the end. Your English actually means \"Let's\nmeet next to --.\", only without saying the \"Let's meet\" part. Likewise in\nJapanese, \"-- no soba de aou\" without \"aou\" must be \"-- no soba de\", otherwise\nyour friend would be subconsciously baffled around 0.2 seconds about what he\nshould do next to Tim Hortons.",
"comment_count": 2,
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] | 21846 | 21861 | 21861 |
{
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"body": "I am starting to learn Japanese, and a question struck me:\n\nIf I were to write a note to a friend, or perhaps an extended essay, when\nwould it be appropriate to write vertically?\n\nFrom my experience trying to read books/manga it seems there is a massive\npreference for vertical writing, but most of my instruction books use the\nhorizontal.\n\nAre there any considerations for choosing which style to write in? Does the\nchoice have much meaning besides readability? I imagine vertical writing has\ntraditional connotations.\n\nWhat would you do for a:\n\n * Hand written note\n * College essay\n * Business document",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-17T02:22:29.063",
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"id": "21851",
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"owner_user_id": "9414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"handwriting"
],
"title": "When writing Japanese when is it appropriate to write vertically?",
"view_count": 1320
} | [
{
"body": "Once you get used to it, there's no real readability differences between\nhorizontal and vertical.\n\n\"Hand written note\" is ambiguous between two meanings. I've never seen my\nstudents take their notes vertically if that's what you mean. Most of the post\ncards we get from Japanese friends are vertically-written. Hand-written notes\non post-it notes are almost always horizontal in my experience. Letters are\ncommonly vertical.\n\n\"College essays\" written by students are almost always horizontal. \"College\ntextbook\" is a little harder since 教科書 is used in my experience both for what\nwe would call a \"textbook\" and what we might call a primary source. Older\nprimary source materials are almost always vertical (often published by 岩波).\n\"Essays\" like in a literature journal are generally vertical.\n\nBusiness documents are almost exclusively horizontal. Or at least they are in\nmy spheres (university, realtor).\n\nGovernment treaties appear to be vertical. At least that was my experience\nhaving to correlate [the US-Japan tax\ntreaty](http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/usa/keizai/jyouyaku.html) between the\nEnglish and Japanese. I was slightly surprised that a contemporary treaty is\nwritten that way. But I think that goes to show the signaling that something\nis formal that vertical writing invokes.",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-17T02:50:07.573",
"id": "21852",
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}
] | 21851 | null | 21852 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "21858",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "去年の3月まで所属していた大学講座から、「最終講義・懇親会」の案内が来ました。\n\n欠席・出席を返答する葉書が入っていました。一番下のところに、「コメント欄」があります。そこに、「特に行けない人は、コメントを書いて欲しい」というようなことが書いてありました。\n\n私が行ける場合は、その欄には何も書かないで送るのが普通ですか。あるいは、伝統的に何か書いた方がいいですか。何か書いたほうがよい場合、普通何を書きますか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-17T03:09:25.797",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "最終講義・懇親会の出欠連絡の葉書に、伝統的にどんなコメントを書くべきですか。",
"view_count": 4607
} | [
{
"body": "出席できる場合は、以下のようなメッセージを添えた方が丁寧だと思います。\n\n> ご招待ありがとうございます。当日お会いできることを楽しみにしております。\n\n欠席の場合は、\n\n> ご招待ありがとうございます。昨年は大変お世話になりました。当日はあいにく都合が付かず欠席とさせて頂きます。今後もますますのご活躍をお祈りいたします。\n\nなどはいかがでしょう（スペースに応じて適当に省略してください）。\n\n「退職 あいさつ 文例」などで検索すると色々出ます。\n\n * [退職 挨拶 メール 返信 文例](http://uluss.com/outlookshare/taisyoku-aisatu-mail-bunrei/)\n * [どう返す？退職の挨拶メールに対する適切な返信定型文まとめ](http://careerpark.jp/4110?page=2)\n\nまあ、大学教授なら英語で書いても全く問題ないとは思いますが…。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-17T07:20:15.567",
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{
"body": "> 行ける場合は、その欄には何も書かないで送るのが普通ですか。\n\n何も書かない人もたくさんいます。 \n「御出席」の「御」を二重線で消して、その下に「させて頂きます」と付け加えるだけの人もいます。\n\n> あるいは、伝統的に何か書いた方がいいですか。何か書いたほうがよい場合、普通何を書きますか。\n\n特に決まっていないと思いますが、もし書くとすれば、\n\n> (この[度]{たび}は)ご[退官]{たいかん}おめでとうございます。 \n> (是非とも)[拝聴]{はいちょう}させていただきます。\n\nといったことを書くとよいかと思います。 欠席する場合は、行けないということを詫びる文とともに\n\n> ご[退官]{たいかん}おめでとうございます。 \n> 在学中は大変お世話になりました。（←その教授があなたの恩師である場合） \n> 今後とも引き続きご[指導]{しどう}ご[鞭撻]{べんたつ}(orご[教示]{きょうじ}ご鞭撻) を[賜]{たまわ}りますよう(orの[程]{ほど}、)\n> お願い申し上げます。 （←特にあなたが研究者の場合） \n> 今後の[益々]{ますます}のご[活躍]{かつやく}とご[健勝]{けんしょう}を[祈念]{きねん}いたします。\n\nといったことを書くとよいかと思います。",
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] | 21854 | 21858 | 21860 |
{
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"body": "I've been reading more Japanese literature, and in doing so I've come across\nhiragana with something that looks like 、to the right of some characters where\nふりがな would be (keeping in mind that Japanese is written from top to bottom in\nbooks. It's not a comma, and it seems to usually appears on hiragana in\nsuccession.\n\nI was thinking it was for emphasis, something like italics, but don't know\nwhat it means for certain.\n\nI've attached a picture to clear up any confusion as to what it looks like.\nThey're on the very right of the image by 「いわし」.\n\n",
"comment_count": 2,
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"orthography",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "What do dots next to Hiragana mean in literature?",
"view_count": 374
} | [] | 21862 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22864",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I never knew the differences between 「～かかわらず」 and 「～かまわず」 and assumed they\nwere more or less the same until I tried saying\n\n> *「ソフトの機能にかまわず、。。。」\n\nand was told to use 「かかわらず」.\n\nWhat am I missing?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-17T21:15:33.910",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Difference between 「～かかわらず」 and 「～かまわず」",
"view_count": 355
} | [
{
"body": "〜かまわず is the 〜ず negative form of [構]{かま}う, meaning to \"care about/mind/pay\nattention to\". It has an emotional/personal sense to it to.\n\n> * 鉛筆で書いても構いませんか1 → May I write with a/in pencil? (\"Do you not care if I\n> write in pencil?\")\n> * 彼は身なりのことはかまわない2 → He doesn't care about his appearance.\n>\n\n〜かかわらず is the 〜ず negative form of かかわる, meaning \"have to do\nwith/concerning/related to\" (関係のある〜・〜について・〜に関して）. This is more objective in\nits use.\n\n> * そのことには何もかかわっていません1 → I have nothing to do with the matter.\n> * それは命にかかわることだ1 → It's a matter of life (and death).\n>\n\nSo when you say `ソフトの機能にかまわず、。。。`, it sounds like what follows is some kind of\nemotional relationship to the software, when you were probably going for\nsomething like `Regardless/Irrespective of the software's functionality, ...`.\n\n* * *\n\n1 Examples from プログレッシブ英和・和英中辞典 \n2 Example from ウィズダム英和辞典／ウィズダム和英辞典",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-17T21:49:24.677",
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"body": "I think the difference can be summarized by the glosses\n\n> 「〜かかわらず」⇒ \"regardless of ~\" \n> 「〜かまわず」⇒\"without minding ~\"\n\nI guess they are somewhat similar, but using one instead of the other does\nresult in a different meaning in every sentence I can think of.\n\nHere's an example where 「〜かかわらず」 doesn't work:\n\n> 私に構わず行ってください。 \n> \"Don't mind me and go ahead.\"\n>\n> ?私にかかわらず行ってください。 \n> ?\"Go ahead, despite me.\"",
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] | 22863 | 22864 | 22864 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22892",
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"body": "As in, to add a selfish and careless tinge to 決める? Here, for instance:\n\n> 「ふうん。勝手に決めて、わたしに負けるのもイヤ？」\n\nImplying that such action (without taking any other context into\nconsideration) would lead the other party to lose to the speaker?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T00:19:38.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22866",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can 勝手に決める by itself carry a negative connotation?",
"view_count": 462
} | [
{
"body": "Depending on the situation yes, it can carry a negative connotation. It is\nespecially easy to see this situation in school and love-related dramas where\npeople are trying to make plans and there is a quarrel or disagreement over\nsomething and one of the parties gives up trying to give input.\n\n> Aさん： じゃあ、どうする？ \n> Bさん： そうだね．．． \n> Aさん： どこのレストラン行く？イタリアン？フレンチ？ \n> Bさん： ちょっと洋食は今食べる気じゃないなぁ～ \n> Aさん： じゃあ、中華料理は？ \n> Bさん： それも別に食べる気分じゃないな～ \n> Aさん： もういいよ、 **勝手に決めて** <--- Is now angry/fed up",
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] | 22866 | 22892 | 22892 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22879",
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"body": "(私は)山田先生 **が** 私の指導教員になってもらってほしいのでメールを書いています。\n\nI am trying to say: \"I hope Yamada Sensei could be my advisor, so I'm writing\nthis mail.\"\n\nIn this situation, is が the correct particle?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T00:29:04.150",
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"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Particle Choice: は・が・を - \"I want ... to be my ...\"",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "The correct particle to use there is 「に」. Another possibility is 「と」, but 「に」\nwould be far more common. Some children might use 「が」, but they, too, will\ngrow out of it in time.\n\n> 「(person) + **に** + (thing/position) + **に** + なってもらう」 = \"to have (person)\n> become a/my (thing/position)\"\n\nI actually see a huge problem in the middle part of your sentence. Not sure if\nI should correct it, but 「なってもらってほしい」 makes no sense.\n\nIt is 「なってほしい」 or 「なってもらいたい」 for grammatical correctness, but because those\nlack any respect for the teacher, you would want to say: 「なっていただきたい」\n\n> 「[山田先生]{やまだせんせい} **に** [指導教員]{しどうきょういん} **に** なっていただきたく、メールをお[送]{おく}りしています。」",
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] | 22867 | 22879 | 22879 |
{
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"body": "Can someone say:\n\n\"ここに暑いですね?\"\n\nTo ask: \"Its hot in here, isn't it?\" Or is the correct way to say it:\n\n\"ここで暑いですね？\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T01:17:41.460",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Particle question about で and に",
"view_count": 201
} | [
{
"body": "The usual thing to say would just be\n\n暑いですね。\n\nBut if you to want to use ここ, I would say\n\nここは暑いですね。\n\nここが is also grammatically correct, though the emphasis is different. Neither に\nor で are appropriate here. に is typically used for a directional noun (though\nit is also used with things you might not think of direction, such as 住む), and\nで is usually used for where an action happens (well, it has other uses as\nwell). Here there's no action happening, or a direction for it to happen in.\n\nIf you want to say \"in here\" (as in, in this room) rather than just here\n(which is all ここ means) you might say\n\nこのなかは暑いですね。 or このへやは暑いですね。",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T02:54:01.177",
"id": "22870",
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"body": "Neither で nor に is correct. Both sound highly ungrammatical here.\n\nThe only grammatical solution is to use は.\n\n> ここは暑いですね。\n>\n> Or maybe better: この中は暑くないですか？\n\nAs you might have learned, Japanese is said to be a \"topic-based\" language.\nWhat this means is, in many cases, you have to first indicate the topic of the\nsentence using は. In this case the topic is about \"here\", ここ.\n\nBy the way of course there are cases \"here\" should be translated as ここに or\nここで. Like:\n\n> [本棚]{ほんだな}はここに[設置]{せっち}します。 The bookshelf will be installed here.\n>\n> あなたたちはここで待っていてください。 You please wait here.\n\nIn these cases ここは never occurs, because the topics are \"the bookshelf\" and\n\"you\", not \"here\".\n\nIn contrast, your example has no topic other than \"here\". (Even in English,\nthe subject \"it\", which is often called a \"formal subject\", virtually means\nnothing.)\n\nSo, you have to attach は to the topic ここ in this case.",
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] | 22868 | null | 22870 |
{
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"body": "I have always struggled with translating チャレンジ, which has nuances quite\ndifferent from the English \"challenge\". Now I am working on a document which\nuses this word to a ridiculous amount, \"challenging\" my ability to find\nappropriate turns of phrase. In the past, I have used \"attack\", \"go up\nagainst\", \"take on\", \"move boldly into\", \"take initiative\", and so forth. Here\nare some samples:\n\n```\n\n 社員個人や組織のより積極的なチャレンジを応援する\n チャレンジを評価する人事制度改革\n チャレンジしやすい制度に改革すると\n 風土づくりにチャレンジする\n \n```\n\nAny contemporary English that is appropriate for this type of usage?",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T03:25:27.197",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translating チャレンジ",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "Dictionaries seem to give me \"self-challenge\" or \"trying hard to do\nsomething\". Perhaps something like perseverance?",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T06:13:20.117",
"id": "22875",
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"body": "Suggestions:\n\n**Disclaimer** : I am not a translator, linguist, teacher or anything like\nthat. I am just a regular Japanese speaker walking down the street who uses no\ncontractions.\n\n社員個人や組織のより積極的なチャレンジを応援する\n\n\"endeavors\"? \"undertakings\"?\n\nチャレンジを評価する人事制度改革\n\n\"attempts\"? \"aspirations\"?\n\nチャレンジしやすい制度に改革すると\n\n\"to try new things\"?\n\n風土づくりにチャレンジする\n\n\"to tackle\"? \"to approach\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
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}
] | 22871 | null | 22884 |
{
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"body": "So guys I searched about this difference and didn't find a conclusive answer.\n\nWhat is the difference or is there any difference at all like this:\n\n> この部屋はいつもきれいな **のに** 今日はちらかっている。\n\nAlthough this room is always clean, today it is a \"mess\".\n\n> この部屋はいつもきれい **だけど** 今日はちらかっている。\n\nThis room is always clean but today it is a \"mess\".\n\nFor me it's like のに focuses on the first part of the sentence:\n\n> この部屋はいつもきれい\n\nand けど focuses on the second part:\n\n> 今日はちらかっている\n\nAm I right?\n\nのに can be used like けど and vice versa?\n\nThanks",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "のに (noni) versus けど (kedo) to mean “but, although\" etc",
"view_count": 8474
} | [
{
"body": "のに introduces some disappointment. \nThe room's owner would probably say the first sentence.\n\nThe second sentence is just an observation.\n\nThe のに includes a soft 'Why isn't it clean as always ?'",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T05:37:46.593",
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{
"body": "Both are almost identical actually, but I feel a slight sensation of regret\nfrom the のに version.\n\nSo, you may be right. When a person says この部屋はいつもきれいな **のに** , s/he is perhaps\npicturing the tidy room it used to be in his/her mind, from which a tinge of\ndisappointment rises at the sight of the mess of actual room.\n\nOn the other hand, the けど version seems to be pretty neutral and objective,\nwith no sensation.",
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"score": 3
}
] | 22872 | null | 22873 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22878",
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"body": "In English, we have a construction like\n\n> Yeah, I would never let him in. **If you were to ask why,** well, I guess\n> I'd say because he's too young.\n\nMy sense of the nuance is that it _admits_ that what you just said may result\nin a \"why?\"; that what you said is perhaps a little hard to understand without\na reason. Sort of a way of softening a strong statement. (The \"guess\" softens\nit even more in that example.)\n\nI was trying to think of an equivalent in Japanese, and first, I thought of\n「なぜなら」, but that seems to have a completely different nuance to me (rather\nstilted, and certainly not softening; perhaps like \"As to why,\" in English).\n\nThen, I thought of perhaps the more syntactically similar option, 「なぜかというと」. I\n_think_ this might have a similar softening nuance to \"If you were to ask\nwhy\", but I'm not entirely sure since I don't hear it too often.\n\n**Is 「なぜかというと、〜」 a reasonable equivalent to \"If you were to ask why, ...\" in\nEnglish (i.e., similar nuance)? Is there a better equivalent?**\n\n* * *\n\n英語では、こういう表現があります：\n\n> Yeah, I would never let him in. **If you were to ask why,** well, I guess\n> I'd say because he's too young.\n\nこの表現は、「なぜ？」と思われるだろうな、理由をつけないと分かりづらいだろうなと思っているということを伝えるようなニュアンスがあると思います。強い言い方を和らげるような使い方があると。（この例文は、\"guess\"によって更に和らげられていますね。）\n\n日本語で言おうとして、最初に頭に浮かんだのは「なぜなら」だったのですが、「なぜなら」は全く違うニュアンスを持っているような気がします。（とても堅苦しい、けして和らげはしないニュアンス。英語の\"As\nto why,\"に似てるような。）\n\n次に思いついたのは、「なぜかというと」だったのです。考えてみるとこの方が構文的には英語に近いですね。\"If you were to ask\nwhy\"と同じ和らげるニュアンスがあるような気がしますが、あまり耳にしない表現なので、よく分かりません。\n\n**「なぜかというと、〜」は\"If you were to ask why\"に相当する日本語ですか？更に相当する日本語はありますか？**",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-18T06:04:04.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22874",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-18T07:45:45.847",
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"owner_user_id": "3097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "\"If you were to ask why, ...\"",
"view_count": 459
} | [
{
"body": "I agree with your statement regarding 「なぜなら」. That is not the softener you\nwant to put in your washer because it gives off an almost clinical or\nmathematical coldness. = \"A is B because ~~.\"\n\n「なぜかというと」 does sound softer and so does 「なぜかといえば」, but I have to wonder if we\nwould use 「なぜ」 when we wanted to sound soft. 「なぜ」 in and itself could sound\nkind of cold, too, if I were to speak on the native level.\n\nMy personal recommendation, thus, might be 「というのは」 or 「というのも」, which is even\nsofter than the two above because of the lack of the word 「なぜ」. Every native\nspeaker knows that you are going to give a reason if you use one of those two\nphrases.\n\nColloquially, that would be 「つーのは」, which I am sure someone in your calibre\nwould be familiar with.\n\n「というのは/というのも、あの[子]{こ}は[歳]{とし}が[若]{わか}すぎるんですよね。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-18T06:32:31.023",
"id": "22878",
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"score": 3
}
] | 22874 | 22878 | 22878 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How would you say \"A is close to B\" ? As in, \"A and B are nearby each other\".\n\nWould you use 近く here? If so, how?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T06:15:59.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22876",
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"owner_user_id": "9418",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How do say \"close to\" re: location?",
"view_count": 22779
} | [
{
"body": "AはBに近いです。\n\nLit. \"To B, A is close\" but more likely to be translated \"A is close to B\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-18T06:19:26.500",
"id": "22877",
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{
"body": "You can use either 「[近]{ちか}い」 or 「近く」, but each requires a different sentence\nstructure. That is because while the former is an adjective and the latter, a\nnoun.\n\n> 「A + **は** + B + **に** + 近 **い** です。」\n>\n> 「A + **は** + B + **から** + 近 **い** です。」\n>\n> 「A + **は** + B + **の** + 近 **く** + **に** + あります。」\n\nThe particle choices are very important in these short phrases.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T07:30:33.853",
"id": "22880",
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"score": 9
}
] | 22876 | null | 22880 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22883",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "Using the form **～てしまう** we mean, that something happened in a way we did not\nexpect. But what if we use a negative form before the **～てしまう** ending? Will\nit be also grammatically right?\n\nFor example:\n\n> 昨日メッセージを書いていなくてしまいました。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-18T11:44:48.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22881",
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"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can we use negative form before ～てしまう : f.ex. なく+～てしまう？",
"view_count": 6257
} | [
{
"body": "You cannot say:\n\n> *「[昨日]{きのう}メッセージを[書]{か}いていなくてしまいました。」\n\nas it is ungrammatical and it does not mean anything.\n\nYou can, however, say:\n\n> 「昨日メッセージを書かなくなってしまいました。」,\n\nwhich is at least grammatical, if not very natural content-wise. It would\nmean:\n\n\"I stopped writing messages yesterday.\"\n\nThe reason that it does not sound natural in Japanese is that \"昨日\" is too\nclose to the present to say that one has terminated an activity for good.\n\nIt would sound perfectly natural if you replaced 「昨日」 with\n「[一か月]{いっかげつ}くらい[前]{まえ}から」 or 「[２-３週間前]{にさんしゅうかんまえ}から」.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T12:14:44.653",
"id": "22882",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "なくて doesn't connect to しまう but ないで does, in other words, you can say\n昨日、メッセージを書かないでしまった.\n\n(Technically, 書いていないでしまった is possible but that sounds very awkward. On the\nother hand, 書かないでいてしまった is fine though I still can't see the point to use it\nhere.)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T12:57:25.300",
"id": "22883",
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{
"body": "> what if we use a negative form before the ～てしまう ending?\n\nHow about using ～ずにいてしまう (negative ず + particle に + verb い(る) + particle て +\nしまう), as in:\n\n> 昨日、メッセージを書かずにいてしまいました。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T13:34:04.713",
"id": "22885",
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},
{
"body": "I don't think 書かないでしまった is possible. It sounds highly unnatural. At least, I\nhave never heard of such wordings.\n\nHowever you can show the negative sense using additional words, like:\n\n> 昨日はメッセージを書きそびれてしまった。\n>\n> Or: 昨日はメッセージを書かずに過ごしてしまった。\n\nHere, ～そびれる is a sort of auxiliary verb to mean \"to fail to ～\", while 書かずに過ごす\nis a simple set of words; \"to pass (time) without writing\". 書かないで過ごす is also\npossible.\n\n* * *\n\n**[EDIT]** I made some google search and found that actually a certain amount\nof people including novelists DO use ないでしまった. So this seems to be about the\n\"difference among individual speakers\". While I would still retain my opinion,\nyou could use ないでしまった probably with no problem...",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T01:22:32.893",
"id": "22906",
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{
"body": "Yes, that's right.\n\n**Written language(rare)**\n\n> \"～(できなくorしてなく)て\" + \"しまいました\" \n> e.g.「昨日メッセージを書いていなくてしまいました。」\n\n**Spoken language(general)**\n\n> \"しまった\" + \"～(できなかったorしてなかった)\" \n> e.g.「しまった。昨日メッセージを書いていなかった。」\n\nNote: \n\"しまいました\" = \"しまいます\" + \"～た\"(past tense) \n\"しまいます\" = \"しまう\" + \"～ます\"(Polite language)\n\nNuance: \n「昨日メッセージを **[書いていなくて]{reason}** **[しまいました。]{negative result}** 」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-20T10:05:08.630",
"id": "22909",
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"owner_user_id": "9235",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 22881 | 22883 | 22883 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22893",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am new here and very happy that I found this webpage, where everyone can ask\nquestions concerning Japanese. ^^ I am studying Japanese in my 2nd year now\nand in my free time, I love to translate song lyrics, which are not always\neasy.\n\nCurrently, I'm struggling with the phrase ボタンを掛け違う.\n\nI've tried to read Japanese explanations for it, but I still can't figure out\nwhat exactly the concept of this phrase is. That's why I would be very\ngrateful if someone could briefly explain me the concept of this phrase.\n\nThe context in the song is 掛け違ったボタンは直ぐほつれた, which makes it even more difficult\nto find like the one phrase to insert into the lyrics in English. To keep it\nvery short, the song is about a person, whose world is falling apart and who\ncan't hear any mercy anymore.\n\nThank you very much in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T16:58:30.923",
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"id": "22886",
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"owner_user_id": "9419",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"definitions",
"phrases",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "How would you translate ボタンを掛け違う?",
"view_count": 549
} | [
{
"body": "ボタンを掛ける means to button a button, so ボタンを掛け違う would break down like this:\n\n> ボタンを掛け(to button) + 違う(to not match the correct~)\n\nThis can be roughly translated as 'to misbutton a button'\n\nSo the song lyric (掛け違ったボタンは直ぐほつれた) would mean something along the lines of \"A\nmisbuttoned button soon becomes loose.\"\n\nI hope this explanation helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T17:56:30.693",
"id": "22887",
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{
"body": "It is a **_metaphor_** (unless the song is actually about buttons) used to\ndescribe an interpersonal relationship.\n\n「ボタンを[掛]{か}け[違]{ちが}う」 is a fairly common metaphor meaning \"to have small\nmisunderstandings\", \"to be at cross purposes\", \"to fail to move closely\ntogether\", \"to continuously have little disagreements\", etc.\n\n「掛け違ったボタンは[直]{す}ぐほつれた」 might be difficult for you because the author is\ncreating a new phrase using an existing metaphor. Once again, unless the song\nis about real buttons, this phrase is a metaphor as well.\n\nIt would mean something like \"small misunderstandings easily lead to other\n(even larger) misunderstandings\", \"once at cross purposes, it only became more\ndifficult for us to unite\", etc.\n\nIt is saying that things are starting to fall in a vicious cycle now.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-19T00:25:46.567",
"id": "22893",
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"parent_id": "22886",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] | 22886 | 22893 | 22893 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "My textbook says ある can be used for possession, but further on it says 持っている\nis used for possession. Are both correct? Are there any differences?\n\nWhen talking with a Japanese friend (in very limited and simple\nconversations), when I use ある, she usually corrects me with 持っている.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-18T18:59:47.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22888",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-22T23:02:37.703",
"last_edit_date": "2015-03-02T21:21:36.797",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"possession"
],
"title": "ある or 持つ, what's the difference?",
"view_count": 4912
} | [
{
"body": "'Have' in English has many meanings. When you want a more passive sounding\n'have', then 「ある」 is best. When you can change 'have' to 'there is...', then\nuse this. 「ある」 can also mean possession, but this is a more passive way of\nsaying it. 「持っている」 is used more for the meaning of 'I have it with me' or\n'right here in my hand'. It draws attention to you HAVING it, where 「ある」\nplaces stress on the item existing in a place (that of course may be at your\nhouse or in your bag). There is a lot of gray area between the two where both\nare fine.\n\nIf you can reword the English to accept \"There is/are...\" instead of\n\"...has...,\" that means use 「ある」.\n\nOne example would be:\n\nThe station has a cafe. -> There is a cafe in the station.\n\nSo the Japanese would be 「駅にカフェがある。」\n\nYou can say:\n\nI have a pen on my desk. -> There is a pen on my desk.\n\n(granted your intended meaning is the same). So the Japanese would be\n「テーブルの上にペンがある。」\n\nBut saying this in English is strange:\n\nI have a pen. -> ?There is a pen (in my hand?).\n\nSo here, you would use 「もっている」. If you used 「ある」, it would sound overly\nindirect.\n\n(As pointed out in comments) This is only a general rule. Whenever you don't\nwant to stress 'possessing an object,' use 「ある」.\n\n「ペンを持っている。」 I have a pen (stressing possession) 「ペンがある。」 I have a pen (not\nstressing anything, so it is more like 'the pen exists')\n\nIn a question: 「ペンある？」 Do you have a pen? (translation depends on\ncontext)(natural way to ask) 「ペンを持っている?」 Do you have a pen?\n\nAs this last one stresses possession, it may be asking if you have a pen with\nyou, but not necessarily. eg 「３DS持っている。」 which is 'I own a 3DS.' or 'I have a\n3DS right now, in my possession.'\n\n「持つ」also has other meanings/uses (「持っていく」 to bring, for example), but that is\noutside of your question.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-19T00:53:03.873",
"id": "22894",
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},
{
"body": "Carrying 持っている\n\nexists ある\n\nRough example: You would not say \"I am carrying my arm\" but you would say \"I\nam carrying an apple\"\n\n鉛筆 がある (enpitsu ga aru) means \"There is a pencil\" and can also mean \"I've got\na pencil\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-03-08T05:52:41.887",
"id": "23113",
"last_activity_date": "2015-03-08T05:52:41.887",
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{
"body": "ある generally places the emphasis on the fact that the object exists. If you\ncan casually say that something exists, you might have it, if it's something\nthat you can possess. 持っている places the emphasis on the object's presence with\nyou, especially if it's something you're holding with you or with your\nbelongings.\n\nAs a result, ある as the verb \"to be\" can be used to refer to objects and their\nexistence. (i.e. 駅前はカフェーがある。) It can be used to refer to objects you have\n(i.e. 僕のかばんの中にいろんなえんぴつがある。)\n\n持っている is definitely used for objects that you possess, but I think the\ncontextual limit for using 持っている is something that is portable or movable,\nsuch as a car, or a small possession. But, for example, you could not say\n持っている about something fixed like a house. You can't carry a house with you.\n\nThe background context is that normally, 持っている implies that you carry it with\nyou. Things you carry with you are generally your possessions. But places are\nnot those kinds of possessions, however they do exist. In those cases, using\nある is more contextually correct.",
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}
] | 22888 | null | 22894 |
{
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"body": "この言葉について私自身の定義を与えるが、今から異なるシナリオを見ましょう。\n\nIs the above sentence good?\n\nI want to say: \"I will give my definition about this word, but for now let's\nlook at the different scenarios\"\n\nI will derive the definition of this word from the scenarios that I will\nprovide (my intention of the above sentence)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-18T23:37:43.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22891",
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"owner_user_id": "9421",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "Is the following sentence correct?",
"view_count": 253
} | [
{
"body": "* Don't mix だ/である style and です/ます style.\n * Replace 今から (from now) with ひとまず (for now; putting that aside).\n * Use も (also; too) instead of を so that you can clarify your intention.\n * 見てみましょう (take a look) is better than simple 見ましょう here.\n * (optional) 定義を与える sounds like a literal translation. Consider 定義を述べる.\n\n> * この言葉について私自身の定義を述べますが、ひとまず、異なるシナリオも見てみましょう。\n> * この言葉について私自身の定義を述べるが、ひとまず、異なるシナリオも見てみよう。\n>",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-19T05:07:35.583",
"id": "22897",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 22891 | null | 22897 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was under the impression that 思った meant that, sometime in the past, you did\nthe instantaneous action of \"think\" and had a thought while 思っていた meant that\nyou kept a thought for a period of time. However, I did a search of \"ずっと思った\"\nand found that there seemed to be an overlap with \"ずっと思っていた\" with sentences\nsuch as \"マンションに住んでよかったってずっと思った.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-19T04:21:01.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22895",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 思った and 思っていた?",
"view_count": 2515
} | [
{
"body": "Your interpretation about 思った and 思っていた is CORRECT.\n\nYou usually don't say ずっと思った。, especially the use of ずっと is incorrect. The\nonly possible interpretation of\n\n```\n\n マンションに住んでよかったってずっと思った\n \n```\n\nwould be\n\n```\n\n （何かをする度に）「マンションに住んでよかった」って 毎回 思った。\n \n```\n\nmeaning \"Every time I encountered a difference between life in マンション and life\nin a 一戸建てor アパート, I felt that マンション was better.\"\n\nずっと is sometimes used for something that repeats, also for something\ninstantaneous but frequent.\n\nsimilar to 頻繁に, 常に, 毎回。\n\nAlso, unlike 思った, using 思っていた near a clear context of time without information\non how you think now usually means you dont think so anymore, you changed your\nmind. Especially when you're talking about a point of view. In such situation,\nif you still think the same way, you should say it explicitly.\n\n```\n\n 学生時代は朝ご飯を食べないほうが良いと思っていたから朝は食べていなかった。今はお昼が遅いから朝食べている。\n \n```",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T00:31:56.910",
"id": "22903",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9423",
"owner_user_id": "9423",
"parent_id": "22895",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 22895 | null | 22903 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "未来につなぐ\n\nDoes this phrase have a precise meaning, a meaning that can be translated into\nprecise English? Or is this simply a positive-sounding but vague trendy\nmarketing phrase?\n\nI see for example the following from company and government websites, usually\nas a title or a motto:\n\n 1. 未来につなぐ環境戦略\n\n 2. 未来につなぐ森づくり\n\n 3. 未来につなぐ松下幸之助の精神\n\n 4. 未来につなぐわらごはん\n\nBut, for example 1 above, \"Environmental Strategy Connecting to the Future,\"\nsounds vague and a bit silly, not very natural. \"Linking to the Future\" sounds\na bit better but still odd.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-19T04:57:22.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22896",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-16T13:19:47.977",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-15T22:04:32.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "5343",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrases",
"copywriting"
],
"title": "未来につなぐ: Precise meaning? Fuzzy marketing buzzword?",
"view_count": 362
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's a marketing phrase. コーポレートスローガン (corporate slogan). \nSee [企業のスローガン・企業コピーまとめ](http://matome.naver.jp/odai/2126276350931073501)\n\n> 未来につなぐ環境戦略 > not natural (not colloquial) \n> 未来につなぐ **ための** 環境戦略 > natural\n\ne.g. \n**_Talk:_** \n「[本日]{ほんじつ}は _未来につなぐための環境戦略_ について[討議]{とうぎ}しましょう」\n\n**_TV Commercial:_** \n「 _未来につなぐ環境戦略_ 」(with something BGM)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-19T07:24:09.547",
"id": "22899",
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"owner_user_id": "9235",
"parent_id": "22896",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 22896 | null | 22899 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22905",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The next sentence sounds enough strange for me, as I have got used to\nconstructions like \"「...」と（Aさんが）言った。\" or something similar. But, here it looks\nlike at least the word \"言う\" was omitted.\n\nWhy do we have just \" **と** 運転手\" after the direct speech?\n\n> 「ああ、あの道ですね。ヒルキンに、よく通りましたよ」 **と** 運転手。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-19T22:32:07.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22902",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-20T01:14:34.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Constructions like [ \"direct speech\" と noun ]",
"view_count": 181
} | [
{
"body": "A common feature in Japanese is to shorten things down to its very essence, in\nthis case が言いました/が言った are simply omitted because to a native speaker it is\nobvious what the verb should be.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T01:04:07.973",
"id": "22904",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-20T01:04:07.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9210",
"parent_id": "22902",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Yes, it's a pure omission. Omitting は言った at the end of a sentence is fairly\ncommon in novels.\n\nIt makes the sentence sound light to make the whole paragraph flow smoothly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T01:07:10.150",
"id": "22905",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-20T01:14:34.067",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7667",
"owner_user_id": "7667",
"parent_id": "22902",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 22902 | 22905 | 22904 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22911",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm kinda new to this site so I'm not entirely sure how the format works.\n\nIn the sentence below, which I'm assuming I translated correctly as \"When I\nwas in high school, I studied often\":\n\n> 高校のころ、僕は勉強した。\n\nsome people tend to add に after ころ when I looked it up. Is it necessary and is\nit wrong to have/not have the に particle in the sentence? I'm fairly certain\nthat the に particle is used for destination/certain time reference among other\nthings but I don't see why it's more common to not have it at the end of ころ\nwhile some people actually do\n\nAlso, I didn't know if I can include a separate question since I didn't really\nwant to make a whole new thread for it but is it wrong if I were to\nsay「高校でいるのころ」 instead of 「高校のころ」 to be more specific?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T04:02:26.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22908",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-20T12:16:34.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9429",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between using ころ and ころに？",
"view_count": 1353
} | [
{
"body": "For the translation, I would say\n\n> 高校のころ、僕はよく勉強していた。 (spoken)\n>\n> 僕が高校生だった頃はよく勉強していた。 (written)\n\n * You usually use 高校のころ when you're speaking.\n * よく勉強していた: Here, よく勉強する means study often, 勉強 has a duration so していた is better.\n * After 頃 , you usually use は or nothing.\n\nYou can use 頃に when you want to insist on the time context. Like:\n\n> あの頃にあなたに会った。 (It's あの頃 that I met you)\n\nor when it's the destination.\n\n> あの頃に戻りたい。 (I want to go back to あの頃)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T12:16:34.390",
"id": "22911",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9423",
"parent_id": "22908",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 22908 | 22911 | 22911 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know the difference between 「にかかわらず」 and 「にもかかわらず」 with regard\nto the semantics of the predicate-argument relation.\n\nDo they express the same semantic relation (non-causality?)? or does one have\na broader meaning?\n\n[EDIT]\n\nAs for an example, let's consider 「で」 and 「でもって」.\n\n * 「で」 might be used to mark the instrumental case, so does 「でもって」.\n * 「で」 might be used to mark the locative case ; 「でもって」 does not.\n\nWhat about 「にかかわらず」 and 「にもかかわらず」?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T12:22:04.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22912",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-22T13:09:52.200",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-22T13:09:52.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "6591",
"owner_user_id": "6591",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles",
"compounds",
"linguistics"
],
"title": "Difference between 「にかかわらず」 and 「にもかかわらず」",
"view_count": 2793
} | [
{
"body": "There are many usages, but 「にかかわらず」 and 「にもかかわらず」are different. (You can't\nreplace them)\n\nWhen you want to insist you won't care about something:\n\n```\n\n 何か(A) にかかわらず 何か(B) をする。\n Without caring about something(A), do something(B).\n Without worrying about something(A), do something(B).\n \n It's similar to:\n 何か に拘らず 何か をする。\n 何か を気にせず 何か をする。\n 何か を問わず 何か をする。\n 何か を意識せず 何か をする。\n \n Sample:\n 学歴 にかかわらず 社員を募集する。\n \n```\n\nWhen you want to insist there is something else involved:\n\n```\n\n 何か にかかわらず\n Not only something, but also ...\n \n Sample:\n 鳥 にかかわらず 人間にも影響のある病。\n \n```\n\nにもかかわらず is used when you want to insist on something negative, something you\ndidn't want to occur. Also when you get mad at someone.\n\n```\n\n 出来事(A) にもかかわらず 何か(B) が起きた。\n -> Even though there was a fact(A), something bad(B) happened.\n \n Sample:\n 妊娠している にもかかわらず タバコを吸っている。\n \n 何か(A) した にもかかわらず 何か(B) が起きた。\n -> Even though something(A) was done (in the past, on purpose to prevent something), something bad(B) happened.\n \n Sample:\n 対策した にもかかわらず また問題が起きた。\n \n```",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T15:55:43.043",
"id": "22916",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-20T15:55:43.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9423",
"parent_id": "22912",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 22912 | null | 22916 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22917",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is an example conversation in one of my textbooks. I don't really\nunderstand the third sentence and how to make sense of it in English. My\nunderstanding is that わけ is used to provide a reason or circumstance to\nexplain something but I don't see how to translate that along with the rest of\nthe sentence.\n\nまり: ハナさん、どうしてポーラさんとぜんぜん話さなくなったの？\n\nハナ: うん、ちょっと...\n\nまり: わけを話してくれたら、何か助けてあげられるかもしれないよ。\n\nMari: Hanna, why is it you’ve never talked to Paul?\n\nHanna: Er, well...\n\nMari: Is it that when you talk, there’s something you can’t help?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T14:03:43.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22913",
"last_activity_date": "2015-05-03T04:01:46.830",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-20T16:49:37.313",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4463",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Use of わけ in this conversation",
"view_count": 258
} | [
{
"body": "> まり: ハナさん、どうしてポーラさんとぜんぜん話さなくなったの？\n\n話さなく is 話さない(not speak) adverbialised ＋ なった, the past form of なる(to become)\nSo, the translation \"Hanna, why is it you’ve never talked to Paul?\" I think is\na little off. I would equate it to closer to something like \"Hanna, why have\nyou stopped talking to Paul?\"\n\n> まり: わけを話してくれたら、何か助けてああげられるかもしれないよ\n\nHere, わけ can be interpreted as reason or cause. As cirno said, with 話す, it\nthen means 'state one's reasons,' this can be read as 'If you state your\nreasons for me'\n\nThe second half I believe has a typo with a second あ added, and should be\n'何か助けてあげられるかもしれないよ'\n\n何か(something) + 助けて(to help) + あげられる(potential form of あげる, to give) +\nかもしれない(possibly, may be)\n\n何か助ける would be something like 'give some kind of help.' Conjugating to て-form\nand adding あげる means you are giving the action of helping, in this case to the\nlistener Hanna, so 'do the favor of giving some kind of help to you(Hanna)'\n\nAdd in potential form and かもしれない, you get 'possibly I would be able to do you\nthe favor of giving some kind of help.'\n\nPutting the whole sentence together and making it sound a little natural in\nEnglish: \"If you tell me why, I might be able to help you.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T16:17:16.283",
"id": "22917",
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"last_editor_user_id": "6905",
"owner_user_id": "6905",
"parent_id": "22913",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 22913 | 22917 | 22917 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22933",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've normally seen it being used in past tense, e.g.\n\n> 「我慢した―があった」\n\nHowever, I'm not sure how to correctly interpret a sentence like:\n\n> 「生きている―がない」\n\nI've come across this definition:\n\n>\n> [期待できるだけの値うち。](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B2%E6%96%90-456608#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)\n> (sense two in 大辞泉)\n\nAssuming 期待できる is used to express a [strong possibility or hopeful\nfeeling](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E6%9C%9F%E5%BE%85%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B)\nand だけの + 値うち is used to gauge the worth of the attached rel. clause (I've\nonly seen だけの being used to express sufficiency before, so I'm not sure if\nthat's correct), does a sentence like 「生きている―がない」 mean 'there is no value in\nexpecting/hoping to live'?\n\nIf I stumbled badly at some point (or numerous points, probably) in this chain\nof logic I'd be grateful if you could point out where it happened.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T14:26:02.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22914",
"last_activity_date": "2015-03-01T09:21:26.130",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-20T19:48:55.150",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "甲斐 （かい） usage in present tense",
"view_count": 594
} | [
{
"body": "As a side note, 広辞苑 states:\n\n> かい 【詮・甲斐】 : 行動の結果としてのききめ。効果。また、してみるだけの値打ち。\n\nI believe your assumption\n\n> Assuming 期待できる is used to express a strong possibility or hopeful feeling\n> and だけの + 値うち is used to gauge the worth of the attached rel. clause\n\nis correct, but the overall interpretation is slightly different. Using the\ndefinition you quoted, \"生きている甲斐がない\" can be interpreted as\n\"生きていることに、期待できるだけの価値がない\"(*1), which can be roughly translated into **\"Nothing\nvaluable is going to happen in my life\"**. If I allow myself to be informal\ndue to my not being fluent, it's like _\"Yes, I'm alive. What can I expect from\nit because I'm alive? (There should be something, right?) Nothing, nothing\ntruly valuable!\"_\n\n新和英大辞典, a good Japanese-English dictionary from 研究社, has\n\n> Life [is meaningless, is not worth living, has no point]\n\nfor \"生きる甲斐がない\". I think these are quite good translations.\n\nSo yes, this phrase is used by people who are unhappy, and who don't expect to\nbe happy in the future.\n\n(Careful : anything below is my subjective point of view)\n\nIt is important though, that the speaker is unhappy because of the lack of\nsome essential value in his/her life, and not because of excessive amount of\nsadness. This phrase is sometimes used with \"without you/her\", to express how\ndeeply the speaker cares about him/her and how crucial his/her existence is,\nto the point it affects the meaning of his/her whole life.\n\n* * *\n\n(*1) : This phrase is can be a little confusing --- without \"、\", this can also\nbe interpreted as \"「生きていることに期待できる」だけの価値がない\", \"there is no value good enough\nfor me to expect a good deal from my life\", which does not really make sense\nwithout context. I used the phrase as \"生きていることに、「期待出来るだけの価値」がない\" here.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T14:25:01.690",
"id": "22933",
"last_activity_date": "2015-03-01T09:21:26.130",
"last_edit_date": "2015-03-01T09:21:26.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "4223",
"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "22914",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 22914 | 22933 | 22933 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22919",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen that there are people _obsessed_ with kanji, and they are seen as\n_kanji lovers_ , could you explain me why? and give me some examples of it?\nwhere is better to use hiragana or katakana instead of kanji because is _odd_\nuse kanji?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-20T20:42:27.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22918",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-21T00:47:36.887",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-20T23:12:07.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "7387",
"owner_user_id": "7387",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What are kanjimaniacs?",
"view_count": 154
} | [
{
"body": "Some people like difficult words. Some like to sound overly formal. It is the\nsame in English as in Japanese, but English uses longer (or less common) words\nwhere Japanese speakers use more kanji to sound either smart or eloquent.\n\nThere are two other reason though. One is word/etymology/history-nuts. It's\nkind of like someone using 'ye' instead of 'the', but not that archaic.\nInstead of going back 500 years, the kanji usage might have only been uncommon\nfor 60 or 100 years. They just want to sound a little\nold/quirky/nerdy/literary. Shiina Ringo's lyrics are good example of this.\n\nThe other is humor, but this more obvious. You can give any set of strange\nkanji any furigana (reading) you want if it is for the sake of reading. The\nkanji might be \"Great Death Witch,\" but the reading is \"mother.\" Kerorogunsou\n（ケロロ軍曹） does this a lot.\n\nBut to answer your question: find someone/a writing style you want to emulate.\nUse kanji where they use kanji. Use hiragana where they do. More kanji is not\nbetter. Just like English flows best with a mix of big and small words,\nJapanese is easier to read with a good balance of kanji and hiragana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-21T00:41:13.177",
"id": "22919",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-21T00:47:36.887",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-21T00:47:36.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "9292",
"owner_user_id": "9292",
"parent_id": "22918",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 22918 | 22919 | 22919 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22929",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In 吉本隆明という共同幻想, which is a hilarious book that everyone should read, Kure\nTomofusa critiques Yoshimoto Takaaki's byzantine writing style. One\nparticularly confounding example is given as follows:\n\n> > 個々ばらばらに見えていた問題が、大体統一的に見えるようになったというようなことがあると思うんです。\n>\n> 「見えるようになったというようなことがあると思うんです」は「見えるようになった」でよい。\n\nI have some little tricks for deciphering these phrases by themselves, but\nthis sentence throws me for a loop.\n\n 1. Is Kure Tomofusa right to say that this sentence can be drastically simplified?\n 2. Is a literally accurate translation of the original sentence possible?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-21T08:23:32.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22921",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-22T04:09:40.443",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "583",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Can this incredibly complex sentence be simplified?",
"view_count": 226
} | [
{
"body": "I'm horrible at translation, but since no one has answered so far, let me give\na stab a more-or-less literal translation.\n\n> I think that things such as problems which were apparently separate and\n> disjointed becoming more-or-less apparently unified happen.\n\nThe というようなことがある, which I think of as \"things such as ... happen,\" seems to be\npart that translates awkwardly because the long preceding clause in Japanese\ngets put in the middle of the English phrase (though probably there's a more\nelegant way to do this). If you allow yourself to be a little less literal,\nit's not so bad:\n\n> (I believe) it happens that problems which had appeared separate and\n> disjointed may come to appear more-or-less unified.\n\nContracting as Kure Tomofusa suggests would leave you with a sentence like\n\n> Problems which had appeared separate and disjointed came to appear more-or-\n> less unified.\n\nI don't know what kind of answer you want for 1). Sure you can simplify things\nif you're willing to give up on nuances or meanings. The former version is\nmuch less assertive than the latter. Without context, the second version is\nsaying simply \"this happens,\" but the former version is more along the lines\nof \"(things like) this can happen.\" But if you mean whether Kure Tomofusa is\nright that one should be more direct and assertive with words, that seems\nhighly subjective.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T04:09:40.443",
"id": "22929",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-22T04:09:40.443",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9199",
"parent_id": "22921",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 22921 | 22929 | 22929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22925",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Last year, I heard from other English speakers about the katakana verb レリゴる.\nIt's supposed to be a verb related to the movie\n[Frozen](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_%282013_film%29)\n([アナと雪の女王](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%81%A8%E9%9B%AA%E3%81%AE%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B)).\n\nIs the verb generally understood by Japanese speakers? I tried searching\nweblio and jisho.org for レリゴる, レリゴ, or レリゴー, but couldn't get any relevant\nmatches. Also, I tried doing a google search for レリゴる and the matches I got\ndidn't seem to include the verb.\n\nAlso, what does it mean? Does it mean [to watch\nFrozen](https://twitter.com/akokitamura/status/468207904827252736) ([link to\ntweet pictured within the\ntweet](https://twitter.com/miusakamoto/status/468001394322976768)), or to\n[sing \"Let It Go\"](https://twitter.com/adamliaw/status/539932019057098753)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-21T13:26:20.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22923",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-22T08:44:52.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Is レリゴる likely to be understood, and what does it mean?",
"view_count": 341
} | [
{
"body": "Jokingly coining such verb using a title/character of a movie/anime/book is\nnot uncommon among native speakers, but many of them are one-time jokes which\nwill be forgotten soon. Only a few of them (including\n[マミる](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%9F%E3%82%8B) = to have one's head\nmutilated; to die a tragic death) will be widely recognized and gain specific\ndefinitions.\n\nI don't think the verb レリゴる itself caught on last year. So the actual meaning\nwould purely depend on the context. I think people _may_ use it at least in\nthree ways:\n\n> * （カラオケで）「何歌う？」「レリゴっちゃう？」 = To sing _Let it Go_\n> * （映画館の前で）「何観ようか？」「もう1回、レリゴるとか？」 = To watch _Frozen_\n> * 「まだ気にしてるの？ レリゴっちゃいなよ！」 = To let it go, to forget\n>\n\nEDIT: Please note that these are more like possible jokes rather than normal\nconversations.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T00:18:41.037",
"id": "22925",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-22T08:44:52.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"parent_id": "22923",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 22923 | 22925 | 22925 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was playing a game (Yu-Gi-Oh) until I found this:\n\n> **これといった** 用があって来た **わけじゃない**.\n\nThis was in the very beginning of the game, when someone woke me up. I'm not\nsure what 「これといった」 and 「わけじゃない」 mean. May someone help me, explaining the\nsentence? Thank you very much!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-21T20:32:33.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22924",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-29T04:28:33.317",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-29T04:28:33.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9433",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Understanding これといった〜ない",
"view_count": 619
} | [
{
"body": "This would have been a much better question had you shown your own translation\nattempt. The sentence indeed contains a couple of very useful words and\nphrases.\n\n> 「これといった[用]{よう}があって[来]{き}たわけじゃ **ない** 。」\n\n「これといった」 = 「これと[言]{い}った」 ≠ 「これと[行]{い}った」\n\nAs a way to understand this phrase, try \"rewriting\" it in your head to\n『これ！』と言った, which would **_roughly_** mean **\"saying** **'This is it!'\"**.\n\nSince 「これといった」 is always used in conjunction with a **_negative_** expression\ncontaining 「 **ない** 」, the basic idea of a phrase/sentence containing 「これといった」\nwould automatically be something like **_\"there is nothing one could point\none's finger and say 'This is it!'_**\n\nA wordy explanation, I know, but you will keep encountering this quotative 「と」\nfor as long as you study Japanese. Informally, it is 「って」 (and I am sure you\nkeep hearing that).\n\nMoving on to 「 **～～わけじゃない** 」, it means \" **It is not the case that ~~** \" ,\n\"I do not mean to ~~\"\n\n「これという用があって来たわけじゃない。」, therefore, means:\n\n> \"It is not that I came here for any particular (or 'important') errand.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T12:14:21.667",
"id": "22931",
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"score": 4
}
] | 22924 | null | 22931 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22963",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am currently studying the usage of Verb て Verb て sentence structure which\nmeans that I have two te form verbs being used in a sentence. I just need a\nbit of clarification.\n\nFor example:\n\n> I wake up at 6:00 AM, brush my teeth, and go to university on Monday,\n> Wednesday, and Friday.\n\nWould the sentence be...\n\n> げつ、すい、きんは ごぜんろくじに おきて、はを みがいて、だいがくへ いくんです。",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T01:20:55.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22926",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-26T01:45:33.197",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-25T20:42:26.393",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4691",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Usage of Verb て Verb て",
"view_count": 194
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, your use of the -て is correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-26T01:45:33.197",
"id": "22963",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 22926 | 22963 | 22963 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does 形から入る mean? What contexts may it be used in? I can't find the phrase\nin my dictionary.\n\nI ran across this in an anime. Transcription of the relevant parts:\n\n> [麻]{ま}[音]{おん}の父さん 「本当にこの子は『漫画家になりたい』言うたり、『ぬいぐるみの中に入る人になりたい』言うたり、あれはいつだったかな」\n>\n> 麻音の母さん 「小３の時ですよ、突然…手品師になるからシルクハットとタキシードを買えって言って」\n>\n> 父さん 「そうだった！とりあえずこの子は[形]{かたち}から[入る]{はいる}からな」\n>\n> 麻音の友だち１ 「ははは…なにそれ？」\n>\n> 麻音の友だち２ 「夢、変わりすぎ！」\n>\n> 父さん 「まあ、何でもいい。自分で選んだ道だな。麻音が自分自身のなりたいものになればいい」\n\nTranslation attempt:\n\n> 'Really, this girl used to say things such as \"I want to become a mangaka\",\n> \"I want to become someone who is inside stuffed animals\"... when was that\n> again?'\n>\n> 'When she was in third grade. She just suddenly demanded a silk hat and a\n> tuxedo because she wanted to become a magician.'\n>\n> 'That's right. Anyway, she **???** '\n>\n> '[laughter] What on earth?'\n>\n> 'Your dreams [of future] are too strange!'\n>\n> 'Well, anything works for us, if it's a path she's taken by herself. She may\n> become anything she wants to.'",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T10:41:20.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22930",
"last_activity_date": "2015-03-26T08:18:59.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "6820",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What does 形から入る mean?",
"view_count": 602
} | [
{
"body": "Good question. The phrase would drive me up the wall if I were a Japanese\nlearner, too.\n\n「[形]{かたち}」 here means \"appearance\". What that ultimately means is \" **\n_outfit_** \".\n\n「[入]{はい}る」 here means \"to start (learning something new)\".\n\nI am sure small bilingual dictionaries could be useless with these two in this\nparticular context.\n\n> 「形から入る」 means \"Someone (always) starts with the outfit (when taking interest\n> in a new field).\"\n\nFashion over practical training, sorta.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T12:30:57.507",
"id": "22932",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-22T12:48:33.893",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-22T12:48:33.893",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "You can practice magic if you have cards. A silk hat and a tuxedo are nothing\ndo with magic. You only need them on stage. \nSo, 「形から入る」 means, buy a complete suite, or more than necessity, before\ntraining. If you give up, it's a waste.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-03-26T08:18:59.250",
"id": "23459",
"last_activity_date": "2015-03-26T08:18:59.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9701",
"parent_id": "22930",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 22930 | null | 22932 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22935",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "don't understand meaning of もったり Just want to draw attention to its use in a\nsentence: ・・・の方がもったりしていたり・・・だったりする。 so I doubt there is implied something like\n持ったり",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T15:01:23.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22934",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-22T15:25:03.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "6677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "meaning of もったり",
"view_count": 197
} | [
{
"body": "「もったり」 ≠ 「[持]{も}ったり」\n\nThere is nothing in common between those two. The meaning is completely\ndifferent and so is the pronunciation. The pitch accent is on the 「た」 in\n「もったり」 and 「も」 in 「持ったり」.\n\n「もったり」 is an adverb describing, for instance, the texture of whipped cream. \"\n**Sticky liquid** \", \" **glutinous** \", etc. would come to mind.\n\nIt can also mean \" **dull** \" or \" **slow-moving** \" depending on the context.\n\nNote that regardless of how you translate it, it is an **adverb** in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T15:17:15.880",
"id": "22935",
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"parent_id": "22934",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 22934 | 22935 | 22935 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why do we say 何と言いますか as opposed to どうやって言いますか or something along the those\nlines when asking how to say something? The first seems to be \"Say what?\"\nwhile the second would seem to me to say \"How to say?\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T18:44:23.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22936",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-23T06:40:00.300",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-22T19:02:17.523",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"questions"
],
"title": "Asking how to say something, why do we say 何といいますか?",
"view_count": 556
} | [
{
"body": "One of the most basic structures for naming an object in Japanese is:\n\n> これは～といいます。 ---- This is called ～. / This is ～.\n\nFor example:\n\n> これは急須といいます。 ---- This is called a _kyusu_. / This is a _kyusu_.\n\nHence the interrogative:\n\n> これは何といいますか？\n\nsimply by replacing the noun part with 何 and adding a か at the end.\n\nBTW どうやって言いますか sounds as if you are asking about the manner of telling someone\nsomething; like, visiting him/her, or making a phone call, or just texting to\nhim/her,...etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-23T06:21:09.473",
"id": "22941",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-23T06:40:00.300",
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"score": 2
}
] | 22936 | null | 22941 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22938",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence:\n\n> 私はどんな動物に例えられるの？\n\nAnd i was wondering how do you express the personal agent (the one who is\ndoing the comparing) in this sentence? Are they also marked by に? Or does the\nsentence structure have to change in order to make this more natural?\n\n> 私はどんな動物にアリスに例えられるの？\n\nIn all fairness this probably isn't the best example to use. I also came\nacross [this topic](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/forum/viewtopic.php?id=254)\nwith the following example:\n\n> お金は田中に渡された - The money was given to Tanaka\n\nHow would you express who gave the money to Tanaka in this passive\nconstruction? And does this have a double meaning to also say _The money was\ngiven by Tanaka_?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-22T20:45:38.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22937",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-17T01:17:00.623",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-17T01:17:00.623",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"passive-voice",
"によって-passives"
],
"title": "The personal agent and indirect object in a passive sentence",
"view_count": 440
} | [
{
"body": "The words that you are looking for are:\n\n> 「～～に」 and\n>\n> 「～～によって」\n\nI would, however, need to remind you that the reason for describing an event\n(or situation) using the passive voice is often the very fact that the\npersonal agent is of little to no importance to the speaker and/or listener.\n\nThis, coupled with the fact that both subjects and objects are often not\nmentioned in Japanese in the first place, can make your sentence sound\nunnatural if you inserted a 「～～に」 or 「～～によって」.\n\nWith that in mind, one could say:\n\n> 「[私]{わたし}はアリスにどんな[動物]{どうぶつ}に[例]{たと}えられるの？」, which sounds more natural than\n>\n> your own 「私はどんな動物にアリスに例えられるの？」, but both are correct.\n\nBoth mean \"What kind of animal would I be compared to by Alice?\"\n\nMoving on to the money story...\n\nTo express who gave the money to Tanaka in the sentence:\n\n> 「お[金]{かね}は[田中]{たなか}に[渡]{わた}された。」,\n\nyou can insert \"by someone\" right after お金は.\n\n> 「お金は **スミスによって** 田中に渡された。」= \"The money was given to Tanaka by Smith.\"\n\nIn this case, it would be better using 「によって」 because a 「スミスに田中に」 would sound\nkind of clumsy with the \"name に name に\" structure.\n\nAs long as one avoids using the \"name に name に\" structure, one could use\neither 「に」 or 「によって」 to express a personal agent. When mentioning the personal\nagent is important or crucial, one would definitely choose 「によって」 over a plain\n「に」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-23T01:11:13.390",
"id": "22938",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "22937",
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"score": 3
}
] | 22937 | 22938 | 22938 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22943",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "After studying copula verbs `だ` and `です` in japanese grammar books by myself a\ncouple of months ago, I was under the impresion that `だ` is omittable as it is\nimplied by the context.\n\nMoving on, I recently began reviewing `na-adj` and `i-adj` with a different\nbook, and found out plain non-past form of `i-adj` are conjugated **without**\n`だ` while plain non-past `na-adj` are conjugated **with** `だ`.\n\nExamples would be:\n\n`i-adj: この時計は大きい`\n\n`na-adj: 彼女が好きだ`\n\nThat being said, it `だ` only used with `na-adj` or can it be used with `i-adj`\nand ommitted whenever the speakers wants to?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-23T04:05:36.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22939",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-11T01:01:23.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5230",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"copula"
],
"title": "Is だ (plain form of です) omittable?",
"view_count": 9629
} | [
{
"body": "だ can be dropped after i-adj because the final い in i-adj, or its\nconjugations, carries the same meaning as the copula itself.\n\nIn na-adj, the final な--used as a link from the adjective to nouns or noun\nphrases--is etymologically derived from the copula. ( In 古語, the link is more\neasily understood. Changes to the language overtime obfuscated the connection,\nbarring some regional accents near Nagoya. ) It's use is limited to linking\nadjectivals to nominals, however, and therefore is no longer used in the\nsentence final form. ( Not to be confused with the sentence final な that\nindicates reflection--asking one's self a question internally--as in\n俺の説明がくどいな… )\n\nAlso, the だ form of the copula is used in casual speech and therefore can be\ndropped as a matter of style--just like in casual American English.\n\nvis. \"What's that?\" \"Bread.\" versus the less curt, \"It's bread\".",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-23T06:18:15.210",
"id": "22940",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-23T07:38:13.050",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-23T07:38:13.050",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "**だ is not the plain form of です.** They're related, but you can't use だ\neverywhere you can use です, so calling one the plain form of the other doesn't\nwork.\n\nです has two functions:\n\n 1. As a polite copula, similar to だ:\n\n> りんご **だ** → りんご **です** （noun） \n> きれい **だ** → きれい **です** （na-adj）\n\n 2. As a politeness marker, following i-adjs:\n\n> うつくしい → うつくしい **です** （i-adj)\n\ni-adjs form complete predicates on their own, and there's no need to add a\ncopula to them:\n\n> ＊うつくしい **だ** ← i-adj+copula, ungrammatical \n> うつくしい **です** ← i-adj+politeness marker, OK\n\nThere's another difference between the two forms. As copulas, だ and です inflect\nfor tense:\n\n> りんご **だった** → りんご **でした** （noun） \n> きれい **だった** → きれい **でした** （na-adj）\n\nBut as a politeness marker, です does not inflect; the word before it does:\n\n> うつくし **かった** → うつくし **かったです** （i-adj）\n\nIt's true that you can generally omit sentence-final だ in informal style. It's\nalso true that you must omit sentence-final だ before certain particles such as\nか and さ. But when you say うつくしい without だ, that **does not mean だ is omitted**\n; it was never there in the first place, and it's ungrammatical to add it.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"body": "Just some observations. Everything is omittable in Japanese, like in many\nlanguages; which adds some spice. Any sentence heavily relies on context, so\nin informal speech people can spell just a meaningful half of the sentence.\nStill It does not mean the sentence is correct. For me, personally, the\ndifficulty is finding out where can you omitt だ or である in formal (not\nceremonial) writing, i.e. reports and manuals. Using である too often is\ndiscouraged, despite basic rules; so I try finalizing sentences with other\nverbs in るform. When you use です, or で~~ます you usually add it by intention to\nhonor the opponent. So there is no reason for omitting です; rather replace it\nwith だ by the rules, or when avoiding text bloating. And yes, both です and だ\nprobably have (there are theories) similar origins, somewhat related to the\nuniversal verb \"be\", ある, while です is a reduction of its honorific forms.\nTherefore the usage became not exactly equivalent. Another minor theory I've\nseen, is that they come from different verbs, \"be\" and \"do\". For instance in\nKansay there was a ”や” particle in place of だ, which suspiciously resembles\n\"やる\"(I could not confirm it yet). And Kansai dialect has roots in very old\ncapital Japanese.",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "22947",
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"body": "<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/formal#part3> doesn't explain\nthe reason clearly.\n\nCan anyone explain?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"etymology"
],
"title": "How does the negative form of である get to be ではない?",
"view_count": 663
} | [
{
"body": "\"ではない\" is the negation of the assertion\n\n> **Positive:** 「学生である」->「学生だ」(\"だ\" is assertive sentence) ---> OK \n> **Negative:** 「学生でない」->「学生でないだ」「学生だでない」---> NG \n> alternate 「[学生(だ)]{assertive} <は> [ない]{Negative}」 >>>「学生ではない」 ---> OK\n\n\"Assertion\" has the meaning of enhancement(or Emphasis) for the Subject. \n\"ではない\" provides further emphasis than \"でない\". (the Subject is \"彼が学生でないこと\")\n\nNote:\n\n> 「彼は _学生である_ 」 ---> OK (Simple Positive and Simple Assertion) \n> 「彼は _学生でない_ 」---> OK (Simple Negative) \n> 「彼は _学生ではある_ 」 ---> OK (Positive affirmation of the Assertion) \n> 「彼は _学生ではない_ 」 ---> OK (Negation of the Assertion)\n\nExamples:\n\n> 「彼は確かに _学生である_ 」 \n> 「彼が _学生でない_ ことは確かだ」 \n> 「彼は働いていないが、 _学生ではある_ 」 \n> 「彼は勉強をしているが、 _学生ではない_ 」",
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"body": "Without fear, I am going to state that both 「でない」 and 「ではない」 are \"correct\"\nnegative forms of 「である」. Both are in wide use in our time.\n\nThat is, however, _**not**_ to say that there exists a great amount of\ninterchangeability between 「でない」 and 「ではない」.\n\n> 「ではない」 is used most often in main clauses while 「でない」 is generally used in\n> subordinate clauses.\n\n_**Main Clause: \"This is not pizza.\"**_\n\n> 「これはピザ **ではない** 。」 sounds more than natural and correct.\n>\n> 「これはピザ **でない** 。」 sounds very unnatural and inappropriate. Most native\n> speakers would correct you right away if you said this.\n\n_**Subordinate Clause: \"You cannot be a model if you are not pretty.\"**_\n\n> 「きれい **でない** と、モデルにはなれない。」 sounds perfectly natural and \"correct\".\n>\n> 「きれい **ではない** と、モデルにはなれない。」 sounds just wrong and unnatural.",
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] | 22942 | 22947 | 22954 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22950",
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"body": "I have this question about 鮮魚 or 新鮮な魚. I've read them both in different\nsituations and I want to know if there's a correct way or in what situations\ncan I use each of them.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-23T14:46:35.203",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Which one is better? 鮮魚 or 新鮮な魚?",
"view_count": 272
} | [
{
"body": "鮮魚 is virtually a commercial term which is mostly seen in fish shops,\nsupermarkets and sea food restaurants. Using 鮮魚 in everyday conversation may\nsound slightly weird.\n\nFor example, supposing you are on a fishing boat and having a catch-and-cook\nlunch, if you say やっぱり鮮魚はおいしいね your friends may laugh, because it sounds a\nlittle funny. Using 新鮮な魚 is more natural in this case.",
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] | 22949 | 22950 | 22950 |
{
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"body": "Does 感謝 happen before 説明 or after? It's possible to write\n\"分かるように分かりやすく説明してあげるから後で感謝しなさいよね！\" so I feel it might be ambiguous, but I'm\nnot sure.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
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],
"title": "When does 感謝 happen in 分かるように分かりやすく説明してあげるから感謝しなさいよね！",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "To be fair, the English would be just as ambiguous: \"I'm gonna say it nice and\nsimple so even you can understand, so thank me [feel thankful], will ya?\"",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-24T02:15:32.333",
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"body": "感謝 happen after 説明. \"後で感謝しなさいよね\" this sentence is meant the feelings of the\nspeaker.\n\nWhen's another writing in Japanese:\n\"あなたが理解できるように私が分かりやすく説明をします。私の説明が終了したら、私に感謝して下さい。\". In English: \"I will\nexplain as you can understand that. After I have finished the easy-to-\nunderstand explanation, I want you to show the gratitude.\"\n\n\"分かるように分かりやすく説明してあげるから後で感謝しなさいよね！\" This sentence is used between people of\nrelatives or close relationship if help the people in trouble with minor\nproblems. So part of the statement is omitted.",
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] | 22951 | null | 22952 |
{
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"body": "On <http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/should#part5>, the author\ndoesn't explain the etymology of べからず. Can anyone explain?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-24T05:33:03.813",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why is the negative form of [べき] べからず?",
"view_count": 971
} | [
{
"body": "# Conjugation of べき\n\nべき, or rather べし (kanji 可し), is an auxiliary adjective* just like for example\n熱い.\n\nHowever, it retains the classical conjugation of adjectives. 熱い had once been\n熱【あつ】き, and there existed an additional form 熱【あつ】し. 熱き is used for modifying\nnouns (熱き炎), 熱し for ending sentences (炎は熱し).\n\nIn the classical conjugation, there existed an あり-form for each adjective: The\nverb ある ( _to be_ ) joined with the adjective (in its 連用形-base/masu-form)**.\n\n * 熱き → 熱く+ある → 熱かる***\n * べき → べく+ある → べかる\n\nLiterally it meant _to be [adjective]_ , and it could now be modified further\nlike any other verb, and be joined with some helper verbs etc. that required a\nverb.\n\nOther than the adjective ない for negation, in classical Japanese you could\nnegate verbs by adding the helper verb ず/ぬ. Some traces of this remain in\nmodern Japanese in あらぬ疑い or in the shortened form せん (negation of する).\n\nLike with ない, ず/ぬ is added to the 未然形-base:\n\n * 行く→行かない→行かず\n * ある→[あらない](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12644)→あらず\n\nThus:\n\n * 熱かる→熱からず\n * べかる→べからず\n\nFinally, ず is both the 終止形 (for ending sentences) and 連用形 (for joining\nwords/actions), while ぬ is the 連体形 (for modifying nouns).\n\nNote that you can add ある again to form べからざる. This is often used to modify\nnouns (instead of べからぬ).\n\n# Examples:\n\n * 無用の者立ち入る **べからず**\n * 働かざる者食う **べからず**\n * 許す **べからざる** 行為\n * この庭のいたづらに広きこと、あさましく、 **あるべからぬ** 事なり。 (from 徒然草, 第２２４段, modern: この家の庭はいたずらに広くて、みっともないものである。)\n\n* * *\n\n# Further reading:\n\n * [How to negate べき](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18646/1016)\n * [The function of あり in i-adjectives](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/11135)\n * [An introduction to classical Japanese conjugation](https://kafkafuura.wordpress.com/classical-japanese/) See especially the paragraph that starts with (use ctrl+f) `All く形容 have an accompaning あり form`\n * [An historical grammar of Japanese, auxiliary adjectives](https://archive.org/stream/historicalgramma00sansuoft#page/110/mode/2up) by Sir George Bailey Sansom\n\n* * *\n\n# Notes\n\n* As far as its conjugation is concerned, べし mostly behaves like any other i-adjective. However, note that its usage is rather odd, especially what remains in modern Japanese: you would expect adjectives to join to the 連用形 (such as 分かりやすい) - or perhaps to the 未然形 like ない. But in reality we have got forms such as 来るべき時.\n\n** Sources for this etymology:\n\n * [An historical grammar of Japanese, p. 105](https://archive.org/stream/historicalgramma00sansuoft#page/104/mode/2up)\n\n * 全訳古語辞典・第三版、旺文社、Miyakoshi・Sakurai・Ishii・Oda 2003, かり\n\n> 〔形容詞、または形容詞型に活用する助動詞「べし」「まじ」「ごとし」などの連用形語尾「く」に、動詞「あり」が付いた「くあり」のつづまったもの〕\n\n * A history of the Japanese language, by Bjarke Frellesvig (Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 233, chapter _8.2.1 Secondary conjugations: ar- extended forms_\n\n> In OJ the existential verb _ar-_ was used with the infinitive of the\n> adjectival copula (-ku), the regular copula ( _ni_ , _to_ ) and the negative\n> auxiliary ( _-zu_ ) to form analytic forms, and these combinations sometimes\n> fused phonologically: ADJ- _ku ar_ => ADJ- _kar_ , [...] In EMJ [Early\n> Middle Japanese] the fused forms gave rise to secondary conjugations, all of\n> which belong to the _r_ -irr conjugation and have the basic paradigm in\n> Table 8.7. [eg. for adjectives: -kar, kara, kaQ-, kari, kari, karu, kare,\n> kare]\n\n*** This plain form is rarely used, because as mentioned, it is used mainly\nfor more complex conjugations. See this question, [the function of あり in\ni-adjectives](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/11135).\nOccasionally, the plain form gets used: 「はしたなめ、煩はせ給ふ時もおほかり」(from 源氏物語, modern:\n（桐壺の更衣を）きまり悪い目にあわせ、苦しめ困らせなさるときも多い。)",
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] | 22953 | 22956 | 22956 |
{
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"body": "I've seen nakama used in One Piece a lot, but I've learned tomodachi in my\ntext book. Is there a different in usage?",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 仲間 and 友達?",
"view_count": 19192
} | [
{
"body": "I think the word \"Tomodachi\" often represents people the person is close with\nwho are of (approximately) the same age.\n\nBy contrast, the word \"Nakama\" often represents someone with whom the person\nshares a goal or an acquaintance.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"body": "As far as I can see, 仲間 is used more as company or partnership. For example\n\n> あの 人たちは 釣り 仲間 です。Remarking their role as fishing partners, and that you\n> often fish with them.",
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"body": "It's a question of degree. 友達 is pretty much anyone you hang out with on a\nregular basis; 仲間 is a much closer relationship, almost like 'someone you\nchoose to share your life with'. 仲間 also seems to have a sense of 'doing\nthings together' or 'working towards a common goal' which is absent from 友達.\n\nThe context of shounen manga gives a nice demonstration of one boundary\nbetween the two. The protagonist's 仲間 are in effect the other main characters\n- the people that travel with him and work together with him to do whatever it\nis he's doing. His 友達 are all the other people he knows and likes - the ones\nthat he'll hang out with if he comes across them, but they're not constantly\nwith him and they're off doing their own things.\n\nIt's a distinction English doesn't make, so it's hard to think about when\nyou're not used to it.",
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"body": "仲間: People who share the same goal and work/struggle/fight together in a group\nor organization. They often can be your close friends, too, but that's not\nnecessary. A person whom you personally dislike, or whom you don't even know,\ncan sometimes be your 仲間. In _One Piece_ [it sounds\ndramatic](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21515/5010) because it's about\npeople who share the same destiny, literally in the same boat. That won't\nhappen often in real life. 仲間になってくれ means \"Join us,\" but not \"Be my (personal)\nfriend.\"\n\n友達: A friend. Something based on personal feelings of intimacy or affection.\nYou don't have to do something special with your 友達. They can be someone you\nhaven't met for a long time.",
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"body": "In addition to blutorange's link, there's also a [discussion\nhere](http://blog.codebook-10000.com/entry/20131218/1387374361). Since it is\nin Japanese, let me just roughly translate the last part, which gives\ndictionary definitions of each term:\n\nTomodachi - A person with whom one reciprocates trust, and treats as an equal.\nSomeone close that one hangs out with and chats with.\n\nNakama (first 3 entries)\n\n 1. a relationship of doing things together, or such a person\n 2. people of the same occupation, status, etc\n 3. things of the same kind/category",
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] | 22957 | 22964 | 22964 |
{
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"body": "I have been watching Fate/Stay Night, the Unlimited Blade Works one. In this\nparticular episode, as Shirou (male character) tells other characters that\nSaber (female character) will stay at his place, they are very surprised and\nuse the word `同居{どうきょ}`.\n\nThe subtitles I have used the word \"shack up\" to translate that idiom.\nHowever, in English \"shack up\" has a sexual\n[connotation](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/shack+up) :\n\n> 1. To live together and have sexual relations without being married.\n> 2. To live, room, or stay at a place\n>\n\nHowever, in Japanese it does not [seem\nso](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/thsrs/6556/m0u/) :\n\n>\n> 「同居」は、家族が一緒に同じ家に住むことをいうが、家族でない人が、その家族の家に一緒に住む場合にもいう。また、部屋を借りて友達や兄弟などと一緒に住む場合にもいう。\n\nBut as the other protagonists are quite shocked at this, and that Fate/Stay\nNight is after all based on an erotic game, does 同居 carry a sexual connotation\nin colloquial Japanese ? Or is it just poor translation ?",
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"creation_date": "2015-02-26T09:29:30.807",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Does 同居 have a sexual connotation?",
"view_count": 355
} | [
{
"body": "Your observations are correct. 同居 does not necessarily imply sexual relations.\nFor example 両親と同居する, 兄と同居する, and so on are perfectly natural.\n\n同棲 (or 同せい since 棲 is not in the Joyo kanji list) is the one that does imply\nhaving sexual relations without getting married. 両親と同棲する is incorrect.\n\nOf course, 俺と同居しよう or 俺と一緒に住もう would be actually understood as a proposal for\n同棲 or even marriage in great many cases, especially when this is said between\na young man and a woman. I don't know the story of _Fate_ , so I can't judge\nif it was a bad translation.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-26T12:53:09.043",
"id": "22968",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] | 22966 | 22968 | 22968 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22982",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "# Background\n\n* * *\n\nSo before I start off I thought I'd give a little background as to why I want\nto know this. So my mother is knitting me a sweater and asked what kind of\nthings should be on there. I thought it'd be funny if there was a Japanese\nsentence saying \"something in Japanese\". This way when people ask what the\nsweater says, I'd say \"something in Japanese\". Of course they'd think \"Yes,\nbut what does it say?\" Maybe not original, but it makes me laugh non the less. \n \n\n# What have I tried\n\n* * *\n\nI know a little Japanese, but I'm not very good at it or anything. First of\nall I'm wondering if my word for \"something\", \"なにか\", is actually correct. I\nthought something along the lines of the following might work:\n\n 1. なにかにほんごです; I think this would roughly translate to \"something Japanese\"?\n 2. これはなにかにほんごです; I think this would be something like \"This is something Japanese\".\n\nThe problem with these sentences is that I'm not sure if they would indicate\nthat it is something Japanese, or something _in_ Japanese. \n \n\n# Question\n\n* * *\n\nWhat is the correct translation for \"something in Japanese\". Preferably\nwithout kanji, because I don't know those (yet). If it's not too much of a\nhassle it would be interesting to see them non the less.\n\nSorry by the way, I know it's not supposed to be a translation site. But I\nthought it might still fit the format because I guess it's more about grammar?\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-26T12:50:18.560",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What would be the correct translation of \"Something in Japanese\"",
"view_count": 4202
} | [
{
"body": "**Revised answer in light of comments and further thoughts**\n\nなにか does mean something, though you could substitute the more colloquial なんか\nto be more casual. The only thing I can think of as a literal translation is\n\n> にほんごでなにか or にほんごでなんか\n\nThis would translate to \"something in Japanese\" in a sentence like\n\nにほんごで なにか （なんか） いってください (Say something in Japanese)\n\n(One uses [language]で rather than [language]に for things like speaking in a\ncertain language.)\n\nHowever なんか is often used as a negative exclamation, so the words にほんごでなんか by\nthemselves could be interpreted in a negative way as in l'electeur's comment.\nIn any case, the above translation is not really a stand-alone phrase, and the\nmeaning may not be apparent without context. (Think of the phrase \"a little\nGerman\" in English--it's meaning is not clear without context--\"I know a\nlittle German. He's right over there.\") So it's not perfect, but I can't think\nof anything better for what you want.\n\nAnother possiblity is the following:\n\n> わからない。にほんごだ。(or わからない。にほんごです。if you want to be a little more formal)\n\nThis means \"I don't know/understand. It's Japanese.\" These are complete\nsentences that a native could parse, though one might be confused as to what\nit means on a T-shirt. (Imagine seeing a T-shirt which says \"I don't know.\nIt's English.\") This will work a bit differently as a joke though, in that the\njoke might not get revealed (compare: \"What does that say?\" \"Something in\nJapanese.\" \"But what does it mean?\" \"Something in Japanese\" \"What?!?\" ...\nversus \"What does that say?\" \"I don't know. It's in Japanese.\" \"Oh.\").",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-02-26T15:03:40.227",
"id": "22970",
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},
{
"body": "While it is \"easy\" to translate the phrase \"something in Japanese\" into\nJapanese, none of the literal translations would sound either natural or good\nenough to sew onto a sweater.\n\nThose would be 「にほんご **での** なにか」、「にほんご **による** なにか」、「にほんご **の** なにか」, etc.\n\nThese would look, on a sweater, more than just weird or nonsensical to\nJapanese-speakers, trust me, if not to the rest of the world.\n\nYour own attempts, 「なにかにほんごです」 and 「これはなにかにほんごです」, which are sentence-like\nwhile being slightly ungrammatical, _strangely_ look even better than my\ndirect translations above (which are grammatical). I have thought about this\nand reached the conclusion that in Japanese, with an ambiguous word like\n「なにか」, a sentence would sound better than a noun phrase which is the\nequivalent of \"something in Japanese\".\n\n> \"The problem with these sentences is that I'm not sure if they would\n> indicate that it is something Japanese, or something in Japanese.\"\n\nNo problem, the only thing 「にほんご」 can mean is the \"Japanese language\" --\nnothing else. It is not like the English word \"Japanese\", which can refer to a\nfew different things.\n\nHere are some _ideas_ if not solutions. If anything, all of these are at least\ngrammatical and natural-sounding.\n\nIf you absolutely must use 「なにか」, you could say:\n\n1.「なにかにほんごでかいてあります。」、「なにかにほんごでかかれています。」、「にほんごでなにかかいてあります。」 and\n「にほんごでなにかかかれています。」, all of which mean \"Something is written in Japanese.\"\n\n 2. Place 「ここに」= \"here\" at the beginning of any of the four sentences above as an option.\n\nIf you do not have to use 「なにか」:\n\n 3. 「これはにほんごです。」 = \"This is (in) Japanese.\" \n\n 4. 「これはにほんごのぶんです。」 = \"This is a Japanese sentence.\" \n\n 5. 「これがよめるひとはすごいです。」 = \"You are awesome if you can read this.\" Literally, \"A person who can read this is awesome.\"\n\nI could go on if you were not a beginner...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-27T11:46:45.160",
"id": "22982",
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"parent_id": "22967",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 22967 | 22982 | 22982 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23043",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Going off the main clause I think the general meaning here is that Saegusa\n(2nd person) is giving the speaker (narrator, 1st person) a surprised look\n(lit. \"giving me a great suprise\" - the speaker used 上品に to stress random\nthings before so assume it's the same here).\n\n> (NARRATOR, 1st person): まあ、なんてこれまた上品に驚いてくれる三枝さん。\n\nThere's not much relevant context here other than the narrator just having\nsurprised Saegusa by revealing a surprising fact (surprise!).\n\nWhat I'm missing here is the role of なんてこれまた.\n\nThe grammar book I'm using as\n[reference](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/4789012956) has two forms\nof なんて, the first one (a fixed phrase) used before a noun or a verb as a\nquestion, e.g.\n\n> なんていうひとですか。\n\nOr as なんて＋Ａｄｊ｜Ｎ＋だろう as an exclamation, e.g.\n\n> なんて難しいんだろう！\n\nThe second form (a particle) is used after another word \"to express a strong\nfeeling\", e.g.\n\n> 小学校からのいじめが中学まで続く **なんて** ひどい。\n\nAs for これまた, I am at a loss. Does it carry any nuance? Google search didn't\nhelp\n[much](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1328071213)\n(or, to be more accurate, I don't really know where to look for).\n\nおしえてください！\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-26T17:42:26.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22971",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-20T02:06:26.610",
"last_edit_date": "2015-02-26T21:29:27.420",
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"owner_user_id": "9384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "これまた／なんてこれまた meaning?",
"view_count": 896
} | [
{
"body": "> 「まあ、なんてこれまた[上品]{じょうひん}に[驚]{おどろ}いてくれる[三枝]{さえぐさ}さん」\n\n「なんて」 here expresses exclamation, which is the same usage as 「なんて」 in\n「なんて[難]{むずか}しいんだろう！」 among the examples you have listed. = \"How ~~!\"\n\n「これまた」 should **not** be analysed too literally by its components 「これ」 and\n「また」. Instead, it should be treated as a common set phrase used to express a\ngreat degree of exclamation, excitement, surprise, etc. that the speaker is\nfeeling about something.\n\nTherefore, 「なんてこれまた」 is what I might call a double-exclamatory expression\nsimilar in feeling to \"how on earth\", \"how freaking ~~\", \"what in the world\",\netc.\n\n> \"Boy, how freaking elegantly Saegusa showed his surprise!\"\n\nThat is just a \"translation\". The original is only a long noun phrase, not a\nsentence like my TL above, in which 「なんてこれまた上品に驚いてくれる」 modifies 「三枝さん」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-03-04T13:44:13.730",
"id": "23043",
"last_activity_date": "2015-03-04T13:44:13.730",
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"parent_id": "22971",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 22971 | 23043 | 23043 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22974",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm just double-checking the nuances of a translation. The speaker is listing\nseveral people here:\n\n> オレやひろしも藤岡さん【ふじおかさん】やお前【おまえ】の両親【りょうしん】だって黙まってねえ\n\nContextually, the speaker, listener and Hiroshi are a group of three close\nfriends. The presence of the も is kind of confusing me on whether the\nspeaker's saying \"I, as well as Hiroshi,\" or \"Hiroshi and me, as well\".\n\nBasically, like the subject header said: \"X and Y, as well\" or \"X as well as\nY\"?\n\nI mean, is the speaker using the も to add Hiroshi to the list?\n\n> \"I, and Hiroshi too, Fujioka-san and even your parents, we won't stay\n> quiet.\"\n\nOr is the speaker using the も to add himself _and_ Hiroshi to the list?\n\n> \"I and Hiroshi, as well as Fujioka-san and even your parents, we won't stay\n> quiet.\"\n\nI'm assuming it's the second one, both because of the context and the や there.\n\nI mean, if the speaker had wanted to treat himself and Hiroshi as separate\nincidents using も, then he'd have said \"オレもひろしも\" right? \"I, as well as\nHiroshi,\"\n\nBut, instead he used \"オレやひろしも\" which leads me to believe the speaker is\ntreating himself and Hiroshi as one item with the や and then linking them to\nthe rest of the list with the も \"Hiroshi and me, as well as etc.\"\n\nAnyway, some confirmation would be nice.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-26T19:02:57.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22972",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-02-27T04:35:49.623",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "Help with nuances of a list please? X や Y も...\"X and Y, as well\" or \"X as well as Y\"?",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "Translations are always a little funny because they are always influenced by\nthe listeners own understood nuances.\n\nI would translate this as\n\n```\n\n Hiroshi and I, even Fujioka and your parents, aren't staying quiet.\n \n```\n\nThe も in this case, separates the two groups of \"Hiroshi and I\" and \"Fujioka\nand your parents\" which is why I put the \"even\" before \"Fujioka\"\n\nFinally, the verb form at the end sounds more like people are already saying\nthings...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-27T01:31:11.167",
"id": "22974",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-27T01:31:11.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7089",
"parent_id": "22972",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 22972 | 22974 | 22974 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "22976",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A friend and I are slowly translating a Japanese novel (夢魔 by 森村誠一）together\nfor practice/fun, and we've found something weird (to us) in this sentence:\n\n「丘陵状の山が波のようにたたなわり、山腹に民家が点在している。」\n\nWe couldn't find anything for the 「なわり」, but I did come across 「畳なはり」. Which\nwasn't in our dictionary, but means \"Tatami needle\" according to the oh-so-\nreliable Google Translate, ...which doesn't really make sense. The 「（たた）なわり」\nneeds to be a verb doesn't it?\n\nSo I looked around some more and saw 「畳なばり」 (Tatami needle), and 「畳まる」, a verb\nmeaning to fold.\n\nAs of right now, we're going with that verb, which makes our translation\nsomething like \"The hill-shaped mountain folds like a wave, and the\nmountainside is dotted with private houses.\" It basically makes sense, and the\nsound-change seems reasonable, but...\n\nIf anyone could tell us what this verb(?) is, or if our speculation seems\nreasonable, we'd appreciate it...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-27T05:39:46.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "22975",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-27T05:58:05.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "204",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is (たた）なわり?",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "It's a verb たたなわる. 広辞苑 defines it as \"かさなりあってつらなる\".\n\nAnyway it's a very rare word. I can't remember any instance I actually\nheard/read this word. Perhaps I never did.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-02-27T05:58:05.687",
"id": "22976",
"last_activity_date": "2015-02-27T05:58:05.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7667",
"parent_id": "22975",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 22975 | 22976 | 22976 |
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