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{
"accepted_answer_id": "23565",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence I found these words in.\n\n> ここ数日 **って** **とこ** は 夜も昼も **ねえで** つづけたんだから むりもねえが...\n\nEspecially the **「とこ」** , I'm not sure if I should translate it to be 'bed' or\n'room' or something else.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-02T06:19:25.597",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"words",
"particles"
],
"title": "What are the meanings of 「って」, 「とこ」, and 「ねえで」 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 388
} | [
{
"body": "These are colloquial Japanese for `という`, `ところ` and `～ないで`. `ここ数日というところ` means\n'around the last few days'.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-02T08:47:18.970",
"id": "23565",
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] | 23562 | 23565 | 23565 |
{
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"body": "I checked around and it says here about the usage of 胃, however, I didn't see\nおなか there.\n\nWhat is the difference in おなか and 胃, in pronunciation and usage?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-02T07:04:37.940",
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"tags": [
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Is there a difference with 胃 and おなか?",
"view_count": 434
} | [
{
"body": "Both means _stomach_ , but おなか or 腹【はら】 refers to the whole _abdomen_ , while\n胃【い】 specifically refers to [this organ](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach)\nbetween the esophagus and the duodenum.",
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] | 23563 | null | 23564 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23570",
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"body": "I saw [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14257/difference-between-\nintransitive-and-passive) for how the nuance changes between the use of\npassive and intransitive verbs when the verb is negative. I was wondering what\nthe difference is with a positive verb. Here's an example:\n\n> 財布がみつかった。\n>\n> 財布がみつけられた。\n\nBoth of which, I hope, mean \"the wallet was found\". Is there a difference, or\nwould you just not bother with the passive if an equivalent intransitive verb\nexists?\n\nResponse to duplicate suggestion: I have looked at [Passive-transitive-verb\nvs. Intransitive-verb （他動詞の受け身 vs.\n自動詞)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/329/passive-transitive-\nverb-vs-intransitive-\nverb-%E4%BB%96%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%97%E3%81%91%E8%BA%AB-\nvs-%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E) but found the answer difficult to follow. In\nparticular I thought example 3 was supposed to be with an intransitive verb\nbut it still seems to be taking an object.\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-02T11:39:38.790",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
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"tags": [
"nuances",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Difference between passive and intransitive for positive verbs",
"view_count": 968
} | [
{
"body": "Whether you use intransitive or passive depends mostly on what you want to\nimply. Passive is used when there's clearly an active agent causing the action\n(even if the agent isn't explicitly stated). Intransitive doesn't carry that\ninformation.\n\n> * ドアが閉まる - The door closes.\n> * (彼に)ドアが閉められる - The door is closed (by him).\n>\n\nThe first example only means that the door closes. Without context, we have no\ninformation on _how_ it closes. It could have closed on its own.\n\nIn the second example, though, there's clearly someone else closing the door\neven if you choose not to include 彼に. (However, adding 彼に makes it sound just\nas awkward as its English translation in this case.)\n\nNow, some verbs really just go one way or the other, and your example verb\nhappens to fit into that category. 財布が見つかった is clearly the better choice, just\nbecause that's the way it is.",
"comment_count": 15,
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "23568",
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"body": "I'm seeing sentences using a conditional counter-factual statement, using both\nthe past and nonpast in sentences.\n\nExamples:\n\n> 安ければ買います\n\nAccording to the _Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar_ (DBJG), it can mean\nboth the factual \"I'll buy it if it's cheap\" and the counter-factual \"I would\nbuy it if it were cheap\".\n\nWhat about:\n\n> もっと安ければ買いました。\n\nAccording to DBJG, this translates to \"I would have bought it if it had been\nmuch cheaper\".\n\nIs there a difference? Perhaps this is more of a question about English than\nin Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-02T14:39:23.743",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"tense",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Conditional counter-factual, main verb past vs nonpast?",
"view_count": 541
} | [
{
"body": "# Present\n\n> 安ければ買います\n\nHas this got two opposing meanings, or is it simple less-specific (or specific\nin another way) compared to English? We could express the meaning as:\n\n> when cheap → buy\n\nIf we turn to the English expressions, we find they both include this basic\nmeaning:\n\n> counter-factual: when cheap → buy; but alas it's not cheap unfortunately\n>\n> factual: when cheap → buy; and there's every chance it's actually cheap\n\nOr in other words, the difference between `is cheap` and `were cheap` is that\nit's a different\n[mood](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjunctive_mood#English): indicative vs.\nsubjunctive. You could say the Japanese phrase is agnostic to mood; much like\nthe English `I give you a letter` is agnostic to the social status of both\nspeakers -- it could be used between two two equal or between a worker and his\nsuperior.\n\n(※※To put it into perspective, see the note below for a few thoughts on this.)\n\nBack to the Japanese phrase, here's an example illustrating the \"counter-\nfactual\" usage:\n\n> もうちょっと安ければ買おうと思うけど今は監視を続けているだけで満足ですわ。\n>\n> I think: (when a bit cheaper → let's buy). But...\n>\n> If it were cheaper I would consider buying it, but for now I'm contend just\n> keeping my tabs on it.\n\nIf you wanted to emphasize it's not cheap, or won't get cheaper, you could\nalso use:\n\n * もうちょっと安くしてくれたら買いますよ。 (here you are polite and leave the possibility open for the seller not to sell it cheaper)\n * もうちょっと安かったら買いたいです♪\n * もうちょっと安かったら買いたいけどこの値段だとちょっとなぁ。\n\n# Past\n\nAs for your second sentence, let us put it into context:\n\n> ([昔日のイラク 1980年代](http://books.google.de/books/about?id=hOJ-P2ys_KwC))\n> 「ウイスキーも、安ければとにかく買いました。」\n>\n> Whisky: at any rate, (when cheap → bought).\n>\n> And whisky too; I bought what was cheap.\n\nBut here the writer actually bought it, at least all the whisky that had been\ncheap. Now consider:\n\n * お店のものよりも安ければ買ったのですが…。\n * 写真代がもっと安ければ買ったのになぁとちょっと残念です。\n\nHere the speakers add a conccessive だが or のに because they didn't actually buy\nit.\n\n# Comparison\n\nNow we can compare the two sentences:\n\n> もう少し安ければ買ったのですが…\n>\n> もう少し安ければ買いますが…\n\nThe difference is simply one of tense: In the former expression the decision\nhas been made and you didn't buy it. In the latter sentence, you might as well\nstill be standing inside the shop wondering whether you should buy it or not.\n\nAnd as for the two English sentences you mentioned, they work the same way:\n\n * I would buy it if it were cheap. [=it's price could suddenly drop and you end up buying it]\n * I would have bought it, if it had been cheaper. [=you decided not buy it, and there might not be another chance for buying it anymore]\n\n# Note\n\n※※\n\nSomething always gets left out. In natural languages, irrelevant or\nunnecessary information is omitted. You can't always mention every little\ndetail and everything that could be said. There's no point in specifying the\nposition and velocity of every atom. But languages and customs differ in what\nis or can be left out.\n\nJapanese nouns can be both singular and non-singular (plural). Now this might\nsound like two different, opposed meanings. But there's a way to resolve this\nconflict: nouns are simply not marked for number and don't express any amount\nexplicitly.\n\nSome languages have got a _dual_ form. For example, to a Gothic speaker the\nEnglish pronoun `we` would be ambigous and could translate to:\n\n * wit (=the two of us)\n * weis (=many of us)\n\nYou could say the English `we` has got two oppsing meanings. But the better\nway to think about this is that `we` simply isn't as specific and stands for\n2+.\n\nAs a last example, consider the verb `(to) give`. English doesn't put as\nmarcch focus on social relationships grammar-wise, and thus this kind of\ninformation often gets omitted. This is the opposite of the plurals, here\nJapanese is more specific: 差し上げる, 差し上げます, 上げる, 上げます, くれる, やる etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-02T18:13:15.333",
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"body": "In English, \"child's play\" can literally mean \"play performed by a child\" or\nit can be used as an idiom to refer to \"something easy\".\n\nI see that Japanese 児戯 can also mean 子供の遊び (児の戯れ, I guess?) - but can it also\nbe used as an idiom to refer to \"something easy\"? I suppose you could always\nuse a \"simile\"-type construction, like 「その試験は児戯のように簡単だった」, but would I be\nclearly understood if I were to say something more terse like 「その試験は児戯だった」\n(cf. slightly unnatural English \"That exam was child's play\")?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-02T19:03:46.783",
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"id": "23569",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Does 児戯 have the same idiomatic value in Japanese as \"child's play\" does in English?",
"view_count": 243
} | [
{
"body": "児戯 is an uncommon and difficult word. 児戯のように簡単 would make sense as a literary\nexpression, and I won't be surprised if I see this in old novels. But if you\nsay this in a conversation today, people would probably say \"ジギって何?\"\n\n子どもの遊びのように簡単だった is not something people usually say, but it does make sense\nand better than 児戯 anyway.\n\nThere are at least two similar idioms in Japanese: 赤子の手をひねる and 子どもだまし.\n\n[赤子の手をひねる](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E8%B5%A4%E5%AD%90%E3%81%AE%E6%89%8B%E3%82%92%E3%81%B2%E3%81%AD%E3%82%8B)\n(lit. \"twisting a baby's arm\") is an idiomatic and metaphoric phrase that\nexpresses how easy something is.\n\n> テストは赤子の手をひねるように簡単だった。 \n> テストは赤子の手をひねるような簡単さだった。\n\nBut I think it's rarely used in daily conversations, either.\n\n[子どもだまし](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%AD%90%E3%81%A9%E3%82%82%E3%81%A0%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97)\nis used when there is something difficult/complicated/interesting for\nchildren, but too simple for adults.\n\n> テストは子どもだましみたいなものだったよ。\n\nThis sounds natural, although it may have a slightly different nuance.",
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"body": "> can it also be used as an idiom to refer to \"something easy\"?-\n\nYes. As the link @oldergod posted on comment suggests, it also has nuances\nlike puerility and worthlessness (I guess it's the same in English, too?).\n\n\"児戯のように簡単\" sounds strange for me (probably because \"児戯\" alone implies 簡単), and\nit's more often used in phrases \"児戯に類する\" and \"児戯に等しい\". I agree with @naruto in\nthat these are somewhat classical and bookish, but I don't think 児戯 is\nuncommon. I expect many people to understand these phrases even in\nconversations, if used properly.\n\nUsage examples from\n[青空文庫](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E5%85%90%E6%88%AF+site%3Aaozora.gr.jp)\n:\n\n> 児戯に類した空想\n> （「[愛撫](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000074/files/411_19633.html)」，梶井基次郎）\n>\n> それが総じて稚拙であり、いわゆる児戯に等しいものであった。\n> (「[フランス料理について](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001403/files/50019_37773.html)」，北大路魯山人）\n>\n> 拙者の太刀筋などは児戯に類するものでござる\n> (「[落語・教祖列伝](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001095/files/45892_36025.html)」，坂口安吾)\n>\n>\n> ナアニ。やって見せる。児戯に類する仕事だ(「[怪夢](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000096/files/921_21999.html)」，夢野久作）\n>\n> 四元の世界を眺めている彼には二元の芸術はあるいはあまりに児戯に近いかもしれない\n> （「[アインシュタイン](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000042/files/43074_23773.html),\n> 寺田寅彦）\n\nFor the example regarding an exam, you can say\n\n> 試験は児戯に等しかった\n\n, which may sound a little too grandiose and novel-like but totally\nacceptable. (This usage emphasizes the superiority of the person for whom\n試験が児戯に等しい rather than the easiness of the exam itself in my interpretation.\nFor example if you like Death Note, this expression really suits Light\nYagami.)",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-04T04:02:48.547",
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] | 23569 | null | 23575 |
{
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"body": "> 皆には私の方から話し **ておこう** 。\n\nCan anyone help me translate the above sentence? The ておこう is throwing me off\nas I'm unsure how it fits. From my understanding it's something like \"Everyone\nshould practice my advice?\" The context is a girl asking a boy for advice on\nwhat she should do to make someone like her. The previous sentence was:\n\n> そう、プレゼントだ。彼が気に入るものを贈るとポイントが高いぞ！\n\nWhich I'm roughly understanding as \"That's right, a present. You should give\nhim something he likes.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-03T02:16:58.230",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Help translating 皆には私の方から話しておこう",
"view_count": 242
} | [
{
"body": "Well first, it should be 話して and not 話て because the dictionary form is 話す.\n\nNow, onto this form : 話しておこう comes from the more general pattern, 「Vておきます」.\nYou may recognize that おこう is the volitional, non-polite, form (let's do) of\nおきます. If you know おきましょう, it is the same but less polite.\n\nThis pattern boils down to : do things in advance in order to realize a goal.\n(In Japanese :\n「ある目的のためにあらかじめある行為を行なう」[source](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/088.html)).\n\nSome examples from the same website :\n\n * 来週までにレポートを書いておきます。(Please prepare in writing the report by next week)\n * 発表のために資料をコピーしておきました。(Please prepare copies of the documents for the announcement)\n * 友だちが来るので、部屋をきれいにしておきます。(As your friends are coming over, please tidy up your room beforehand)\n\nSo, in your sentence, I would go with something the lines of :\n\n> Everybody, let's practice the talk from my point of view.\n\nI am lacking the context so it is difficult to check, please help us out by\nproviding more insight !",
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] | 23571 | null | 23572 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23574",
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"body": "When you are taking up an exam that is not written in 丁寧語 but rather in\ndictionary form, and it requires a brief answer from you (for example, the\nproblem you have to answer is simply 「理由：」 ), are you required to answer in\n丁寧語／ます形？ Any insights on answering exams written in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-03T02:51:08.893",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Answering exams in Japanese",
"view_count": 107
} | [
{
"body": "Does not really matter how is written the exam, you do not need to answer in\nます形.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-03T03:03:08.197",
"id": "23574",
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"body": "This is from a textbook I'm currently studying, and the paragraph in question\nis about someone's perspective on life etc.\n\n> あまり幸福じゃなくてもいいから、ごく普通に平凡な家庭を築きたい。人生にチャレンジですか？ちょっとそうしたい気持ちもあるんですけど、そうすると、それには\n> **はまっちゃいそう** で。そうすると、結婚もできなくなるじゃないかと思うんです。\n\nI understand the first part of the paragraph \"I don't have to be happy, but\nI'd like to establish a normal family life\". I also understand the meaning of\nはまっちゃいそう as \"to be hooked on something\", but I don't understand it in this\ncontext. Would someone please be able to explain this to me? Also, are they\nsaying \"I don't know if I can get married\"?.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-03T10:10:55.943",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Could someone please help me understand はまっちゃいそう in this context?",
"view_count": 711
} | [
{
"body": "The only part that's missing from your question is the translation of\n人生にチャレンジ. He's saying that if he chooses a チャレンジ \"self-challenge\"(?) for his\nlife (rather than an ordinary life), he might get hooked on whatever the\nchallenge is and he thinks that then he may not be able to get married.\n\nチャレンジ implies doing something out of the ordinary (e.g., starting up a\nbusiness in France). It's not clear why he thinks he can't get married if he\nchooses to pursue a チャレンジ rather than an ordinary life, but I guess by \"not\nget married\" he is thinking he might not be able to return to the status quo\nfamily life of a Japanese (that he now would even choose over being happy).\n\nIn any case, はまっちゃいそう means exactly what it usually does.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-03T11:43:31.823",
"id": "23577",
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}
] | 23576 | null | 23577 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It appears in contexts like:\n\n 1. [the title of this post: あなたに自由をもらたらすもの・・・](http://ameblo.jp/sonyidei/entry-11240835476.html)\n 2. [the text 灰色の中で輝きと落ち着きをもらたらす here](http://mixi.jp/view_bbs.pl?comm_id=3827706&id=36956970)\n 3. [禍をもらたらす鱗 here](http://blog.goo.ne.jp/namemillia/e/bf6d5f1e2c7f47422cbb21c746e1c680)\n\nI tried many dictionaries and translation engines, but there's no match (not\neven an approximation).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-03T15:02:31.893",
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"owner_user_id": "9769",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of もらたらす?",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "It would have to be a typo for 「 **もたらす** 」, which means \"to bring\", \"to\ncause\", \"to produce\", etc.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-03T15:20:39.473",
"id": "23582",
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}
] | 23581 | null | 23582 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could it become 瞬【まばた】いている? Why is there 瞬きする instead of 瞬く? And why is there\na は at the end?\n\n* * *\n\nSentence from the song キラキラ星【ぼし】:\n\n> きらきらひかる おそらのほしよ\n>\n> まばたきして **は** みんなをみてる\n>\n> きらきらひかる おそらのほしよ",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-03T18:00:31.053",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"て-form",
"particle-は",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Explanation/Usage of 瞬きしては",
"view_count": 287
} | [
{
"body": "「[瞬]{まばた}く」 is a fairly \"big\" word and it would sound too heavy or literary to\nuse in a children's song. The more common and intuitive word choice for native\nspeakers would be 「瞬き（を）する」 not only for children but also for adults as well.\n\n> 「まばたきし **ては** みんなをみてる」 is in the structure:\n>\n> 「A（を）し **ては** B（を）する」= \"to do A and B alternately\"\n>\n> = \"(The stars) keep blinking and looking at us all.\"\n\nSee Definition #3 here: <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/152199/m0u/>\n\n「は」 is part of the expression and it **cannot** be omitted.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-03T22:31:00.273",
"id": "23588",
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}
] | 23584 | null | 23588 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23590",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 列車に間に合うように早く家を出た (A)\n\nTranslates as \"I left home early in order to catch the train\".\n\nWould:\n\n> 列車に間に合うよう、早く家を出た (B)\n\nTranslate differently? Is there any nuance here (\"as if to catch the train\",\n\"appearing that I left early to catch the train\" etc.)? The (B) structure is\nquite common in Japanese literature and I'd like to come closer to\nunderstanding it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-03T18:03:19.017",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "What are the differences between ように and よう when used to link sentences?",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "The only difference is the degree of formality, not in the meaning or nuance.\n\n「よう」 sounds **slightly** more formal than 「ように」, but the two should be\ninterchangeable much of the time.\n\nOne might tend to use 「ように」 more often in informal conversations, but then\nagain, it could be replaced by 「よう」 with no problems most of the time.\n\nI think I myself used 「よう」 less often as a kid than I do now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-03T23:19:37.157",
"id": "23590",
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"score": 2
}
] | 23585 | 23590 | 23590 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23592",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[デジタル大辞林 gives the definition of\n[小っ酷い]【こっぴどい】](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/80141/m0u/%E3%81%93%E3%81%A3%E3%81%B4%E3%81%A9%E3%81%84/)\nas\n\n> 非常にひどい。手厳しい。\n\nBut I find this strange. Why would 小っ酷い mean 非常にひどい? Isn't prefixal 小【こ】- sort\nof a diminutive? At least, that's how it works in words like\n[「小雨」](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/78437/m0u/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9B%A8/)＝\n**少し** 降る雨,\n[「小柄」](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/76352/m0u/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9F%84/)＝体格が普通より\n**小さい** こと, and even the similar-looking 形容詞\n[「小恥ずかしい」](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/81175/m0u/)＝ **ちょっと** きまりが悪い.\n\nIs there some rhyme or reason as to why the 小 in 小っ酷い doesn't seem to behave\nlike a diminutive, or is this just one of those things that merely _is_?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-03T18:25:13.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23586",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-04-03T21:38:11.483",
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"owner_user_id": "3437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Why does [小っ酷い]【こっぴどい】 mean \"very ひどい\" rather than \"slightly ひどい\"?",
"view_count": 435
} | [
{
"body": "There is a difference in usage and meaning between 「こ」 and 「こっ」.\n\nWhile 「こ」 is generally used as diminutive, 「こっ」 is used for different meanings\nand nuances.\n\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%93%E3%81%A3-502305#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\ndefines 「こっ」 as:\n\n>\n> ［接頭］《接頭語「こ（小）」に促音が加わったもの》形容詞、ときに動詞に付いて、いささか、相当に、はなはだしく、などの意を添える。「―ぱずかしい」「―ぴどい」「―ぱずれる」\n\nMy translation:\n\n> [Prefix] 《Geminated version of prefix 「こ（小）」》Attached to adjectives and\n> sometimes verbs for added meanings of \"slightly\", \"considerably\", \"heavily\",\n> etc. 「―ぱずかしい」「―ぴどい」「―ぱずれる」\n\nNote that unlike 「こ」, 「こっ」 cannot be attached to nouns. (Your examples 「小雨」\nand 「小柄」 are in the structure \"小 + Noun\": therefore, it is not a fair\ncomparison.)\n\nThus, at least by dictionary definitions, there is nothing strange with what\n「こっぴどい」 means, which is 「とてもひどい」.\n\nIf I were to add my own perspective here, the word 「ひどい」 contains a fairly\nnegative subjective value judgement to begin with. In other words, it would\nnot be very natural to say 「すこしひどい」 or the like.\n\nIn conclusion, what the prefix 「こっ」 means depends on (1) the word that follows\nand (2) the context and what the speaker means to express. For instance,\npeople do say 「こっぱずかしい」 to mean both \"a little embarrassed\" and \"very\nembarrassed\".\n\nAdvanced learners might also need to know that 「こっ」 is sometimes used more for\nthe good rhythm it gives to one's speech than for the added meaning/nuance. In\nparticular, the small 「っ」 combined with a word starting in the p consonant\ngives the explosive kind of rhythm. The p sound is rare in the language to\nbegin with, so we \"create\" it by using\n[rendaku](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku) with words starting with a\nは-line syllable. The three examples above from デジタル大辞泉 should tell you\nsomething about it -- 「― **ぱ** ずかしい」「― **ぴ** どい」「― **ぱ** ずれる」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-04T09:37:58.440",
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}
] | 23586 | 23592 | 23592 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23589",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is from a light novel I'm reading. Here's the part that I'm having\ntrouble with this sentence:\n\n> オレは痛みを訴える頭を巡らせ\n\nBased on what I know regarding the rest of the sentence, I believe that this\ntranslation should be something like:\n\n> I developed a headache as I thought it over.\n\nAccording to my electronic dictionary, 巡らせ should be the imperative form of\n巡らす. But I'm having trouble reasoning out why the imperative would be needed\nhere since he's thinking it over himself and not being commanded by someone\nelse to think it over.\n\nIf you need more context, here's the passage that I'm looking at:\n\n> どうして、こんな事になったのだろう……。\n>\n> オレは痛みを訴える頭を巡らせ、こうなってしまった原因を思い返した。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-03T22:12:22.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23587",
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"owner_user_id": "9764",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Meaning of a conjugation of 巡らす (巡らせ)",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "> 「オレは[痛]{いた}みを[訴]{うった}える[頭]{あたま}を[巡]{めぐ}らせ」\n\n「巡らせ」 is **not** in the imperative form. Rather, it is the [連用形]{れんようけい}\n(continuative form) of the causative verb 「巡らせる」.\n\n「頭を巡らせる」 is a set phrase meaning \"to ponder\".\n\n> \"I pondered in my aching head, trying to recall the cause as to why this had\n> to happen.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-03T22:51:47.273",
"id": "23589",
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}
] | 23587 | 23589 | 23589 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23594",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To my knowledge, 運命{うんめい} is the more common of the two terms, meaning fate /\ndestiny. 命運{めいうん} is clearly the same 漢字 reversed, and translations give the\nsame meaning of fate / destiny. I was wondering if the two are in fact the\nexact same in meaning, or if there's a difference in nuance between them,\nother than the fact that 運命{うんめい} seems to be the more common of the two.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-04T09:46:48.870",
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"id": "23593",
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"owner_user_id": "9185",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 運命 and 命運",
"view_count": 1178
} | [
{
"body": "大辞林 says\n\n> **命運** \n> そのこと（もの）の存続にかかわる重大な運命。「—が尽きる」「国家の—」\n\nthe keywords being 存続にかかわる重大な, that is 命運 is serious and may affect the\ncontinuance of the thing or person whose 命運 is being discussed. WWWJDICT gives\n\"doom\" as translation; I don't think it is a good translation, but\nthematically it fits very well, it's a kind of fate that may be the last fate\nthe thing or person ever sees.\n\nAs for the word itself, I wouldn't see 命運 as a switched version of 運命, rather\nas something like\n\n> 命運 ≒ 命【いのち】にかかわる運【うん】 (or 命にかかわる運命)\n\n(運 is a word by itself), i.e. the life-or-death kind of fate.\n\nLastly, just to quantify your \"more common\", the\n[BCCWJ](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon) has\n\n> 運命 3260 results \n> 命運 236 results",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-04T11:44:08.010",
"id": "23594",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 23593 | 23594 | 23594 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23598",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "i've been learning japanese for 2 and a half years now. for a few weeks/months\nnow, i'm taking notes in japanese.\n\nListening to the teacher in french and taking notes in japanese my be\nchallenging at times, but it's increadibly stimulating and rewarding, given\nthat it was totally impossible not that long ago.\n\nYet i cannot find a translation for the statement : \"for all x, show that P(x)\nis true\", something like that.\n\nIt's especially the \"show that\" that i'm not sure how to properly translate.\n”全てのxについて、xはP(x)である”…「を証拠立てる」・「を証明する」… or anything else\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-04T14:05:38.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23595",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9774",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"mathematics"
],
"title": "How do i say \"for every x, show that P(x) is true\"?",
"view_count": 457
} | [
{
"body": "証拠立てる is virtually never used in mathematical articles. I would translate it\nlike so:\n\n * すべてのxに対してP(x)が真であることを示せ。\n * すべてのxについてP(x)が成り立つことを証明せよ。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-04T17:29:20.063",
"id": "23598",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-04T17:29:20.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "23595",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 23595 | 23598 | 23598 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23626",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I think I get the differences between the 4 conditionals. But in order to get\nused to speaking faster, I want to set hard rules for myself regarding when to\nuse each, and not just rely on intuition or feeling it, at least for now. Now\nI know my way of dividing the usages, is not the only way to divide them, as\nlong as it's one possible way that is not wrong, that's enough for me.\n\nSo the way I classified them is like so:\n\n * If x then y, where y is naturally or inevitably comes 'with' x → ｘとｙ\n * If x then y, where y does not happen after x, or for counter-factual statements , or for past habitual actions → ば \n * シカゴに行けば、車で行くよ\n * 雨が降ればよく家で本を読んだものだ\n * If/When x then y, where y happens after x, also when y is one of the following: Suggestion, Invitation, Request, Command, Volitional → たら \n * 嫌いだったら残してください\n * If/If it's true that x then y, or y does not happen after x and y is one of the following: opinion, judgement, suggestion, request, command, volition → なら \n * シカゴへ行くのならバスで行ってください\n\nIf I decide in my mind to choose my conditional according to these conditions,\nwill I be wrong? If so, what tweaks do I need to make in order to achieve\ncorrect usage? Again, I imagine that native speakers do not use such a scheme,\nand there may be more than one correct way of deciding which conditional to\nuse when. I'm just trying to come up with a simple way of starting to speak\nNOT-wrong while avoiding overwhelming myself with the amount of rules for\nthose 4 conditionals as laid out in 'A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar'.\n\nThank you very much for your help!",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-04T16:31:23.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2015-04-04T17:52:21.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "9677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Is classifying the usage of the conditionals (if/then) like so, correct?",
"view_count": 227
} | [
{
"body": "In order to speak faster, I'd recommend this strategy.\n\n 1. Use \"とき\" for \"when\"\n 2. Use \"A たら B\" for \"if A, then B (after A)\"\n 3. Use \"A なら B\" for \"if A, then B (before A)\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-06T03:29:53.220",
"id": "23626",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-06T03:29:53.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "23596",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] | 23596 | 23626 | 23626 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23600",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just read the short story 高瀬舟 and I got a bit confused by this sentence:\n\n> ［...］庄兵衛、まだどこやらに腑に落ちぬものが残っているので、なんだかお奉行さまにきいてみたくてならなかった。\n\nIn particular the last part of it, きいてみたくてならなかった\n\nきいてみたい + くて + なる-in-negative-past-tense-form\n\nIn this some old fashioned form of きいかなくてはならない ? By the flow of the story I\nclaim it means something like \"I have to ask the magistrate ...\", but I am not\nentirely sure if this is really correct.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-04T16:32:09.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23597",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-14T00:35:48.317",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-14T00:35:48.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "2965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Old fashioned grammar structure? 「きいてみたくてならなかった」",
"view_count": 550
} | [
{
"body": "No, it is neither old-fashioned nor a form of きかなくてはならない.\n\nThis form of ～てならない means \"really, really ～\". It is similar to the forms\n～てしかたがない・～てしょうがない・～てたまらない. Here are a few examples:\n\n> * ワープロを始めたせいか、この[頃]{ごろ}目が疲れ **てしょうがない** → It might be because I started\n> using a word processor, because lately my eyes are _really_ tired.\n> * いよいよあした帰国かと思うと、嬉しく **てしかたがありません** → Thinking about finally returning to\n> my home country tomorrow, it make me _super_ happy.\n> * どうしたんだろう。今日は朝からのどが渇い **てたまらない** → What's happening? Since this morning\n> I've been _really, really_ thirsty.\n> * あの人はどうも悪いことを考えているのではないかという気が **してならない** → I _really_ get the feeling\n> that that guy is somehow thinking about something bad.\n>\n\nThis is just きいてみたい in the paste tense of this form: きいてみたくてならなかった. So it is\nsays something like \"...for some reason I _really_ wanted to ask you, Mr.\nMagistrate.\"\n\nNote that the **て** here is _extremely_ important for the meaning. If it were\njust きいてみたくならなかった, it would say \"I did not become wanting to ask you\" which is\nalmost the opposite meaning.\n\n* * *\n\nAll examples taken from _どんな時どう使う日本語表現文型５００中・上級_",
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] | 23597 | 23600 | 23600 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23653",
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"body": "In the video game _Recettear_ , you can [buy a\nbook](http://www14.atwiki.jp/recettear/pages/42.html#id_91b404e0) with the\ntitle 仲良し姉妹の冒険記. The item description says the following:\n\n> 世界中を旅しているという姉妹に密着した, ノンフィクション作品。ドラゴンに食べられそうになったりと，結構大変な事になってます。\n\nThe book's translated title is \"The Tale of the Two Sisters.\" The\n[\"translated\" description\nreads](http://recettear.wikia.com/wiki/Tale_of_Two_Sisters) as follows:\n\n> A nonfiction work about two sisters and their travels. Shouldn't this have\n> been released sooner?...\n\nI believe the book is a reference to the \"prequel\" _Chantelise_ , which I\nassume is about the two sisters of the book.\n\nIn that game, the sisters have been cursed for 5 years and are looking for the\nwitch that cast the curse, embarking on a journey and travelling around the\nworld.\n\nHere's a world map from the prequel _Chantelise_ :\n\n\n\nAs you can see, this isn't literally the \"entire world\", but only one region\nof the world.\n\nIs there any way to translate this description of a book while preserving the\nmeaning of the original sentence that they haven't traveled everywhere?\n\nLike in the medieval ages, people in Europe knew about Asia and Africa, but if\nyou've traveled the whole of Europe, you could say that you've traveled the\nworld. Does the same apply to 世界(中)?\n\nThe game's universe too is sort of on a medieval/Renaissance level. They have\ngot typewriters, printed books, phonograph etc.\n\n* * *\n\nI'm trying to keep them from walking all around the world, twice over. Or is\nit possible, based upon the Japanese description of the book, that the two\nsisters might not have traveled the world before the events of the book?\n\n* * *\n\nOr do I have the translation wrong and the writer of the book has traveled the\nworld and wrote down the story of these sisters?",
"comment_count": 8,
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Translating 世界中 in this context, does it literally refer to the \"entire world\"?",
"view_count": 429
} | [
{
"body": "新明解国語辞典 第五版:\n\n> せかい【世界】\n>\n> ① 人間が住んでいたり 行って見たり することが出来る、すべての所。〔狭義では、地球上に存在するすべての国家・住民社会の全体を指す〕\n>\n> 「世界[一]{いち}・世界記録・世界保健機関・第三世界」\n>\n> ② そのものと その同類で形作っている、なんらかの秩序が有ると考えられる集まり。\n>\n> 「若者の世界〔＝仲間〕／魚の世界／学問の世界〔＝学問の領域内〕\n\nSense ② is interesting because it parallels the English word:\n\n> the animal / plant / insect world; the world of fashion; stars from the\n> sporting and artistic worlds\n\nThe relevant sense here, however, is ①. As the example 第三世界 illustrates, 世界\ndoes not necessarily refer to the entire earth. More examples from a\nhistorical context:\n\n> ヨーロッパ世界 、地中海世界、西方世界\n>\n> \"European\" world, mediterranean world, western world\n\nUnder normal circumstances, 世界 by itself would refer to the whole world these\ndays. In the context of the game _Chantelise_ , and especially as the\ndevelopers saw it fit to call it \"world\" map, it's entirely possible that's\nwhat they meant by 世界中. It's the entire in-game world.\n\nIn English, you could express this as \"\"travel around the world\", \"journey\nthrough the world\", or perhaps just a simple: \"travel the world\". And this\nmight be obvious, but \"travelling around the world\" does not imply one has\nbeen literally everwhere, only that one has been to many places over the\nworld.\n\n* * *\n\nThe following is a short description of what the book is about:\n\n> 世界中を旅しているという姉妹に密着した, ノンフィクシヨン作品。\n\nJudging only from this, it leaves open both possibilities: (a) the\nprotagonists begin their journey at, or after, the beginning of the book,\nwhich then tells the story of their journey; (b) the protagonists have already\nbeen travelling the world and the book tells another episode of one of their\njourneys.\n\nGiven the context, possibility (a) appears to be the case. There's no need for\nthem to go on their journey twice.",
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] | 23599 | 23653 | 23653 |
{
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"body": "In a daily conversation, I heard this sentence:\n\n> **私なりに** 添削してみましたが他の方の意見も参考にしてみてください！\n\nI think I understand, but I have never heard \"noun + なりに + ...\" before.\n\n 1. What does \"私なりに...\" mean? \n 2. How can it be generalized to other nouns?",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "what does \"私なりに...\" mean?",
"view_count": 1353
} | [
{
"body": "Xなりに means in X's own way. It restricts the scope of the succeeding statement\nso that it does not hold in general. I.e. it is valid in X's interpretation\nbut not _necessarily_ valid in other interpretations.\n\nThe に is just the particle に. Using の would create a noun phrase:\n\nXなりのY would mean X's own Y, for example 私なりの考え would be \"my own thoughts/idea\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-05T04:10:34.820",
"id": "23603",
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"body": "～なりに means \"in one's own way/style\". So that sentence means\n\n> I corrected it in my own way, but please get others' opinions too!\n\n 1. So 私なりに～ means \"in my own way\", and is a very common phrase to see for ～なりに.\n 2. It can basically be generalized to any other noun. It is used when that \"style\" can be emphasized for the situation.\n\n> * 私は私なりに[価値観]{か・ち・かん}を持っている → I have my own set of values.\n> * 子供は子供なりに率直に話す → Children speak very frankly in their own way.\n> * 彼は彼なりに問題の[解決策]{かい・けつ・さく}を求めている → He is looking for a solution to the\n> problem in his own manner.\n>\n\nThere is also the form `Noun1 + なりの + Noun2`. It shifts the focus of the\n\"style\" from the verb action to Noun2.\n\n> * 教授なりの考え → Professors' own idea\n> * [田舎]{≪いなか≫}はそれなりの魅力がある → The country(side) has a charm of its own\n>\n\nIn my opinion the nuances are subtle enough that なりに and なりの seem pretty\ninterchangeable when a Noun2 is involved (someone correct me on this if I'm\nwrong). For example, compare\n\n> * 私は **私なりに** [価値観]{か・ち・かん}を **持っている** → I have my own set of values (the\n> \"having\" is done in my own way).\n> * 私は **私なりの[価値観]{か・ち・かん}** を持っている → I have my own set of values (the\n> values are my own, but I have them the same way everyone else does).\n>",
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] | 23601 | 23604 | 23604 |
{
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"body": "In the light novel that I'm reading, there is a part where the protagonist is\ntrapped in the arms of his sleeping friend. Since the protagonist is a boy and\nhis friend is a girl, the situation is rather dangerous. These are his words:\n\n> 「ダメ、絶対に逃がさないんだから」\n\nHere is my translation for this sentence:\n\n> This is bad, because I absolutely cannot set (something) free...\n\nI know that the real meaning should have the reversed meaning for the verb\n\n> This is bad, because I absolutely cannot escape...\n\nI based my translation on these three clues:\n\n 1. オレは is the implied topic, or the protagonist. I mean, he's been using himself as the topic in the other sentences (オレは...オレは...オレは...).\n 2. There is no direct object, since I did not see an explicit オレを in the sentence.\n 3. According to my dictionary, 逃がす translates as \"to set free, to give away\". The verb itself is in the plain form negative and not passive. So he's the one responsible for setting free or giving away, not escaping.\n\nEdit: The answer to the question was number 4. The girl wasn't sleep talking,\nshe was awake and having fun. She's the one responsible for this line.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-05T05:08:26.200",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the subject for the following sentence 「ダメ、絶対に逃がさないんだから」?",
"view_count": 329
} | [
{
"body": "Are you sure it's said by the boy? \n「ダメ、絶対に逃がさないんだから」sounds pretty feminine. \n\"No, (you can't escape). I'll never let you go.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-05T06:28:10.073",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "23608",
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"body": "I have been using jisho.org and aedict (android) to look at the definition,\nkanji and reading of words. Sometimes though, they list words that have\nmultiple kanji in use and they are all indicated as \"common\" kanji.\n\nFor example: aedict says that, for the word のぼる、the common kanji in use are:\n上る、昇る and 登る. Another example is かたい when searched on jisho.org, which lists\nthe same exact list of meanings for 固い and 堅い and lists both as common kanji.\nThere are also alternative kanji listed, which are not labeled common but are\nalso not labeled as \"outdated kanji\" as some of the others are. For example,\n言葉 has alternative kanji 詞 and 辞.\n\nMy question: Is it okay to freely use any of them?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-05T06:41:28.230",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"homophonic-kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Multiple common kanji for a word: which to use?",
"view_count": 3631
} | [
{
"body": "# Better use kana instead of some weird or wrong kanji if you're not certain\n\nIn natural languages, the meaning of words are often extended, changed and\nmodified to fit the speakers needs. Just look up some basic verbs in an\nEnglish dictionary.\n\nWhen two of these meanings are far enough apart, we can call it two separate\nwords, and it makes sense to use a different spelling for these. For example,\n話す and 放す.\n\nHowever, often it happens that two of these meanings are rather close and\nrelated to each other. In English, we would spell it the same way, and it\nlooks like the same word to us. In Japanese, there are kanji in addition to\nthe phonetic-based kana, and different kanji get assigned to these closely\nrelated meanings as well.\n\nNote that dictionaries often list them as the same word. Also note that the\nboundary between just a different spelling and two different words is a grey\nzone. Further note that using different kanji for different meanings is done\nwith _on_ -reading-compounds related to the kanji's significance, so it would\nseem perfectly natural to do this for native words as well.\n\nAnd sometimes it happens that there are multiple spellings for meanings that\nare virtually identical and hard to separate.\n\nUntil recently (~pre-war), kanji had been more common even for spelling\nparticles etc, and there are some alternate spellings for some words hardly\nused anymore if ever.\n\nMy kanji dictionary 新撰漢和辞典・第六版・小学館 has got an appendix of alternative\nspellings:\n\n * はしる：走、奔、趨、赶、彍\n * つね：常、恒、庸、毎、経、彝、雅、願\n * いう：言、謂、曰、云、道\n\nAs I said, you won't come across many of the above.\n\nFor many words, there is a default kanji that can be used in most or all of\nits senses. And it may be acceptable to spell without any kanji in the first\nplace.\n\n * 分かる\n * 歌う\n * かける\n * 待つ\n * ただ\n * かたい\n * 言葉\n * のぼる(上る)\n\nSome alternate spellings are used for the effect in literature etc. For\nexample, I've seen 嗤【わら】う in a novel a few times.\n\nAs for your question, no it is not okay to use just any kanji for a certain\nword just because it has got that reading. If in doubt, check with a\ndictionary or default to kana.\n\nThe Microsoft IME includes some explanations on how to use different kanji for\na word that pop up while converting a word.\n\nPersonally, I can recommend the dictionary 明鏡国語辞典 published by 大修館書店; it\nincludes clear notes on different spellings, and sometimes even lists the\npossible kanji for each sense.\n\nHere's an online resource I found:\n[nihonjiten.com](http://www.nihonjiten.com/nihongo/doukun/)",
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}
] | 23607 | 23608 | 23608 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23613",
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"body": "I see this form often in manga book indexes. My dictonary gives me ダイ and テイ\nas possible readings for the first kanji, and I'm also not sure if the number\nshould be read as a counter (like 一つ is read ひとつ and not いちつ). How should I\nread those?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-05T13:41:45.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"counters"
],
"title": "What is the correct way to read chapter numbers? (e.g.: 第1話)",
"view_count": 4230
} | [
{
"body": "The ordinal prefix 第 is read だい. This is [sense two in\n大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/132400/m0u/%E7%AC%AC/):\n\n> ［接頭］数を表す語に付いて、ものの順序を表すのに用いる。「世界―一の都会」「―五巻」「―三レース」「―六感」\n\nThe counter 話 is read わ, and [it attaches to Sino-Japanese numerals such as\nいち](http://www.trussel.com/jcount.htm).\n\nPut it all together and you get だいいちわ.",
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{
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"body": "Actually, I'm not even sure, if the `～たい`-form of a intransitive verb is\npossible, or grammatically correct, but I sometimes read `終わりたい` or `終わりたくない`\nlike for example\n\n> まだ終わりたくない\n\nBut from everything I learned I would guess that `終わってほしい` or `終わってほしくない` is\nlike 'grammatically right', but also I know, that there are some special rules\nfor like `終わる`, so I guess both is possible.\n\nSo, if both is possible, what's the difference? Is it, that for `終わりたい` it is\nmeant for something I'm doing oneself and `終わってほしい` is for something I'm just\n'begging' and can't change myself?\n\nWould my question change for verbs like `助かる` or `見つかる`?",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-05T13:52:53.777",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 終わりたい and 終わってほしい",
"view_count": 515
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{
"body": "Both are correct for different meanings and/or nuances.\n\n「[終]{お}わりたい」 is used to talk about something that one is actively and/or\npersonally involved in. One would generally have at least an amount of control\nof when it can be finished.\n\nExample: You have been doing your homework and you wish to finish it as soon\nas possible so you can go play tennis.\n\n「終わってほしい」 is used to talk about something that one is not personally involved\nin (though you may be there). One has basically no control of when it might be\nfinished.\n\nExample: You are attending a lecture and getting bored. You would love to\nleave if at all possible, but obviously you cannot. All you can do is to wish\nit ended soon.\n\nOne could say the same about 「[助]{たす}かる」 and 「[見]{み}つかる」. All that matters is\nwhether or not you are part of the group that is waiting to be saved or found.",
"comment_count": 1,
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] | 23612 | 23614 | 23614 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23618",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[羅生門](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000879/files/127_15260.html)\n\n>\n> 細い喉で、尖った喉仏（のどぼとけ）の動いているのが見える。その時、その喉から、鴉（からす）の啼くような声が、喘（あえ）ぎ喘ぎ、下人の耳へ伝わって来た。「この髪を抜いてな、この髪を抜いてな、鬘（かずら）にしようと思うたのじゃ。」\n>\n> 下人は、老婆の答が存外、平凡な **のに**\n> 失望した。そうして失望すると同時に、また前の憎悪が、冷やかな侮蔑（ぶべつ）と一しょに、心の中へはいって来た。\n\nMy [default\ninterpretation](https://www.renshuu.org/index.php?page=grammar/individual&id=106)\nhere would be, since 平凡 here is a na-adjective, that it would mean \"despite\".\nThat is, the servant was disappointed despite the banality of her answer (that\nwent against his expectation). The [English translation](http://www.speaking-\njapanese.com/breaking-index.html), however, goes:\n\n> The servant was disappointed **by** the unexpected banality of the old woman\n> answer.\n\nThat is, the counter-factuality of \"despite\" is missing. Only causation is\nleft. Is it due to the translator's freedom of interpretation or have I\nmisunderstood this grammar point?\n\nHow is のに used here?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-05T14:55:45.710",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "What does のに mean here?",
"view_count": 189
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{
"body": "It is 「の + に」 in two words.\n\nIt is not the 「のに」= \"despite\" that you thought it was.\n\nThe 「の」 nominalizes the adjective 「[平凡]{へいぼん}な」. In meaning, 「平凡なの」＝「平凡なこと」.\n\n「に」 is the correct particle to use in 「～～ **に** [失望]{しつぼう}する」= \"to be\ndisappointed **with** \"\n\nThe translator is correct. There is no \"despite\" in there to begin with.",
"comment_count": 0,
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] | 23615 | 23618 | 23618 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "How can I say:\n\nX is 5 times bigger than Y (?)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "X times bigger than",
"view_count": 582
} | [
{
"body": "You can say 「X + **は** + Y + **の** + [５倍]{ごばい} + [大]{おお}きい。」.\n\nYou can also say 「XはYの５倍の大きさがある。」.",
"comment_count": 0,
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "23628",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Recently i found these four words and have no idea what's the difference\nbetween them. They all mean \"patience\" and \"endurance\". Here are some\nsentences:\n\n> 僕【ぼく】は、あいつには我慢【がまん】できない。 I can't abide that fellow.\n>\n> もう少【すこ】し根気【こんき】があったら成功【せいこう】していただろう。 With a little more patience, you would\n> have succeeded.\n>\n> 辛抱【しんぼう】しなければ成功【せいこう】することはできない。 You must persevere before you can succeed.\n>\n> 忍耐【にんたい】は成功【せいこう】への鍵【かぎ】であるとよく言【いわ】われている。 Perseverance, it is often said, is\n> the key to success.",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 根気【こんき】, 我慢【がまん】, 辛抱【しんぼう】 and 忍耐【にんたい】",
"view_count": 1192
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{
"body": "This is a good example of how bilingual dictionaries can become pretty useless\nat times. They just give you the **_counterparts_** in the other language;\nThey do not **_define_** the words for you.\n\n「 **根気** 」 is the will power that one needs to have in order to continue doing\nthe same thing for an extended period of time. Close to \"untiringness\".\n\n「 **忍耐** 」 means enduring one's distress, pain, anger, etc. It is all about\none's mental strength against one's own mental hardship, not directly against\nsomething external.\n\nThere is some interchangeability between 「根気」 and 「忍耐」, better yet\n「忍耐[力]{りょく}」, with the latter being the bigger (and less \"everyday\") word.\n\n「 **我慢** 」 refers to enduring by supressing one's emotions and physiological\ndesires. It is a somewhat colloquial and \"everyday\" kind of word. Parents use\nit often when talking to kids. Mostly used to talk about **relatively short-\nterm** activities such as holding a pee, not eating between meals, etc.\n\n「我慢」is closest to 「辛抱」 in meaning among the words in question here. It is\nfarthest from 「根気」 and 「忍耐」.\n\n「 **辛抱** 」, in my own words, is like the long-term version of 「我慢」. The two\nwords are indeed often interchangeable and when interchangeable, 「辛抱」 would\nsound slightly more old-fashioned. It is the kind of word that you use less\noften than your parents do. I feel it safe to say that we use 「辛抱」 to talk\nabout more abstract (and larger-scale) things like one's environment and\nliving conditions.",
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}
] | 23619 | 23628 | 23628 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23624",
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"body": "Is there some sort of bigger difference between the two? I tried reading some\nexample sentences, but couldn't distinguish between them. The level of\npoliteness perhaps?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-05T17:33:40.867",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 間違える and 誤る?",
"view_count": 580
} | [
{
"body": "I usually think of it as...\n\n> `間違える` > To make a mistake\n>\n> `誤る` > To make an error / to err\n\nYou can also say things like...\n\n> `間違いなどがあれば、` > If there are mistakes,\n>\n> `誤りがあれば、` > If there are errors / typos,\n\nA more polite email might use 誤る but it wouldn't be particularly out of place\nto use 間違い in either case (informal or polite).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-06T00:24:15.423",
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{
"body": "「[間違]{まちが}える」 and 「[誤]{あやま}る」 are interchangeable much of the time as far as\n**meaning** goes, but that does not mean we use the two equally often.\n\nNative speakers learn to actively use 「間違える」 years before they learn to use\n「誤る」. So, even into their adult life, they use 「間違える」 much more often in\n**informal** conversation and writing.\n\n「誤る」, therefore, sounds **less** informal and conversational. It is more often\nused in writing than in speaking.\n\nWhen saying \"Oops! Made a mistake!\" without thinkning, nearly everyone would\nsay 「間違えた！」 or 「間違えちゃった！」. I could **_not_** imagine a native speaker saying\n「誤った！」 or「誤っちゃった！」 in that situation. That would be very, very rare.\n\n**_Exception: When are they not interchangeable for meaning?_**\n\nWhen expressing something like \"to take the wrong path\", it can be tricky.\n\n「[道]{みち}を誤る」 would mean \"To take the wrong path (and become delinquent, anti-\nsocial, etc.)\"\n\n「道を間違える」 would mean \"to take the wrong street\".",
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] | 23620 | 23624 | 23624 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23622",
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"body": "I have a question about the meaning of 緑色 in the following sentence. Does the\nauthor means a green colored bug by it, or the nature itself?\n\nTranslation attempt: \"Ferocious 'green colored' will caught the butterfly.\"\n\n> 緑色の狂暴な意志が、蝶を捕まえていた。\n\n[Context](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DRuPU.jpg)",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-05T20:14:51.417",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 緑色 in this passage",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "The former:\n\n\n\n[(taken from\nhere)](http://blog.goo.ne.jp/bbutterfly/e/c2659d9af14ecf5a16d942a31e6b8892)\n\nIt doesn't say so explicitly, but the description reads a lot like a カマキリ,\nmantis.",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-05T21:32:41.440",
"id": "23622",
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}
] | 23621 | 23622 | 23622 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23730",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "現在、私は戦前の日本語を読んでいるところで、辞書にも存在していないことばを見つけました。次の文です：\n\n> ...極めて深酷に徹底的と云はざるを得ない。\n\n推測ですが、私にはこのように思われます：\n\n> ...極めて深刻に徹底的と言えざるを得ない。\n\nかと思っていますが、辞書などの根拠がないので、ちょっと自信がないです。\n\n[旧字体・新字体の便利帳](http://www.benricho.org/moji_conv/14_shin_kyu_kanji.html)を見ても、これは書いてありません。\n\n質問として、\n\n 1. 私の推測があっているかどうかをチェックしてもらいたいです。\n 2. またできれば、どこか辞典で掲載しているところを教えてください。\n 3. この「深酷」と普通の「深刻」で意味の違うところがあれば、教えてほしいです。\n\n* * *\n\nPresently, I am reading some pre-war Japanese, and I ran across a word that\ndoes not exist in the dictionary. The sentences is as follows:\n\n> ...極めて深酷に徹底的と云はざるを得ない。\n\nAs a guess, I think that this means the following:\n\n> ....極めて深刻に徹底的と言えざるを得ない。\n\ni.e. we must state that which is absolutely and thoroughly foundational.\n\nMy question is three-fold:\n\n 1. First, I want someone to check if my supposition is correct.\n 2. Is there any where that this is written in a dictionary?\n 3. I would like to learn if this 深酷 differ at all from the common 深刻 in meaning.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-06T00:49:47.803",
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"id": "23625",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kyūjitai-and-shinjitai",
"connotation"
],
"title": "「深酷」とは どういう意味ですか",
"view_count": 1556
} | [
{
"body": "[**学研漢和大字典**](http://hon.gakken.jp/book/1230008200)\n\n> 【深酷】（シンコク) ⇒深刻\n\n* * *\n\n[**漢字源**](http://hon.gakken.jp/book/1230310100)\n\n> 【深刻】\n>\n> ① **〔『深酷』とも〕態度や刑罰が非常にきびしくむごたらしいこと。**\n>\n> ② ふかくほりきざむ。\n>\n> ③〔国〕情勢などが切実でいたましい。\n>\n> ④〔国〕情勢が切実で重大である。\n\n* * *\n\nSo as the _kanji_ implies, 深酷 is an alternative spelling with a nuance of a\ngrave or harsh or atrocious (酷い【ひどい】, 酷い【むごい】) situation.\n\n* * *\n\nPerhaps it is worth noting that the Agency of Cultural Affairs considers 深刻\nmore common:\n\n> **文化庁**\n>\n> **語形の「ゆれ」の問題 漢字表記の「ゆれ」について**\n>\n> [...]\n>\n> 次に挙げる語なども，かっこの外のほうが一般的であると考えられる。\n>\n> 栄 養（営 養） 簡 単（簡 短）\n>\n> 観 点（看 点） 気 概（気 慨）\n>\n> 機 転（気 転） 規 範（軌 範）\n>\n> 漁 網（魚 網） 幸 運（好 運）\n>\n> 豪 胆（剛 胆） 作 戦（策 戦）\n>\n> 残 酷（残 刻） 自 動（自 働）\n>\n> 集 荷（集 貨） 冗 員（剰 員）\n>\n> 定 規（定 木） 定 宿（常 宿）\n>\n> 常 連（定 連） 準決勝（准決勝）\n>\n> 親 切（深 切） **深 刻（深 酷）**\n>\n> 素 性（素 姓） 整 然（井 然）\n>\n> 折 衷（折 中） 先 頭（先 登）\n>\n> 奏 功（奏 効） 滞 貨（滞 荷）\n>\n> 端 正（端 整） 富 裕（富 有）\n\n([kokugo.bunka.go.jp](http://kokugo.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/joho/kakuki/05/bukai02/04.html))",
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] | 23625 | 23730 | 23730 |
{
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"body": "Why does it look like this sentence is using \"but\" twice in a row?\n\n> でも、 そうかと言って、 もう一つ下のレべルのクラスだと、 やさしすぎてつまらないと思いますよ。\n\nTo my knowledge, でも means \"but\". On the other hand, my textbook says the\nphrase \"そうかと言って\" also translates to \"but, still\".\n\nIs the sentence being redundant here? If it's not, what kind of \"feel\" am I\nsuppose to get from this sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-06T11:41:14.010",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "The expression \"but\" used twice in row in a sentence",
"view_count": 1072
} | [
{
"body": "It's not. Don't take the translation of そうかと言って so literally. [This link\nhere](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6)\nstates 3 optional translations for the word. Could be translated as\n\"nevertheless\", \"and yet\", etc. It actually might not qualify (maybe someone\nelse can chime in) but think of it as an idiomatic expression.\n\nAlso worth noting, in general, Japanese is far more forgiving about saying the\nsame things twice in different. The more formal you get, the more common it\nbecomes.",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-06T12:20:41.347",
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{
"body": "There is no redundancy in this sentence -- none. If redundancy existed, that\nwould be because you **_translated_** word for word by using a dictionary.\n\nIt says 「でも、 そうかと[言]{い}って」; It does not say 「でも、しかし」, 「でも、それでも」 or 「しかし、それでも」,\nwhich would be redundant.\n\nHow about \" **But even if that were the case** \"?\n\n「そうかと言って」 is used to state a contrary idea/opinion while partially admitting\nthat there is some truth and/or validity in the other idea/opinion that has\nbeen presented.",
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] | 23627 | null | 23630 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23637",
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"body": "I am reviewing the interrogative words like 何、誰、どこ etc. and I saw 誰も being\nused in a positive sentence, I wonder what the difference would be if みんな were\nused instead. For example:\n\n> 誰もが知っている\n>\n> みんなが知っている\n\nSome people said it means the same but if there are two words it's not for\nnothing and there must be some nuance.\n\nAlso, if 誰も can be used in a positive sentence to mean everyone, that means\nどこも, 何も can also be used in a positive sentence?\n\nI came to think that the particle も after the interrogative word doesn't mean\n`no-`, but it's rather a sort of group meaning like \"every\", for example:\n\n誰もが知っている = everyone knows 誰もが知らない = everyone does not know\n\nIs it right? Then what is the nuance? Can someone explain it in detail?\n\n* * *\n\nOne more question, I also review the particles behind the interrogative words,\nand I think I understood how it worked, can you tell me if the following\nexamples are correct please\n\n * 誰にも任せない = I leave it to nobody.\n * 誰にでも任せないで = Don't leave it to anybody.\n * 誰でもができる = Anybody can do it.\n * 誰もがしらない = Nobody knows.\n * 誰かがいるの = Is there someone?\n\nAnother question, is the particle が obligatory in order to make these\nsentences correct grammatically? Often I see 誰でも being used without が.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-06T13:13:56.553",
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"score": 7,
"tags": [
"words",
"particle-が",
"particle-も",
"polarity-items",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "誰も used in a positive sentence",
"view_count": 2395
} | [
{
"body": "Since most of Japanese `Question + も` patterns (\"any- (... not)\") are, as you\nknow, only allowed to be used with negative predicates, we usually make some\nworkarounds to express the **\"every-\"** idea. Unfortunately, the ways we've\ntaken are not consistent across words, so maybe you're confused by it.\n\n```\n\n any- (+ NEG) no matter - (regular) every- (irregular)\n 誰 誰も 誰でも 誰も (noun), 誰もかも (noun)\n 何 何も 何{なん}でも 何もかも (noun)\n いつ いつも{HLL} いつでも (いつも can be used)\n どこ どこも どこでも どこも{HLL}全部 (noun), どこも{HLL}\n どれ どれも どれでも (どれも can be used)\n どう どうも どうでも (does it exists?)\n \n```\n\nIn other words, we ordinarily reword \"every-\" using \"no matter -\" series as\nlong as possible, and avoid using words in the \"every-\" row unless when\nthey're really needed. \n(`-も` and `-でも` can attach to every noun + case combinations (e.g. 誰からも,\nどこへでも, どれに関しても). These extended expressions stand for both \"any-\" in negative\nand \"every-\" in positive.)\n\nBack to your questions:\n\n> _Some people said it means the same but if there are two words it's not for\n> nothing and there must be some nuance._\n\nThe nominalized 誰も and みんな has exactly the same meaning, but if compared, 誰も\nhas stronger nuance than みんな, because みんな literally means \"the entire people\".\n\n> _Also, if 誰も can be used in a positive sentence to mean everyone, that means\n> どこも, 何も can also be used in a positive sentence?_\n\nAs you can see from my table above, there's no 何も which means \"everything\",\nyou have to use 何もかも. どこも can be used without changing its form, but mind the\naccent.\n\n> _誰もが知っている = everyone knows 誰もが知らない = everyone does not know_\n\nTheoretically 誰もが知らない _could_ mean \"everyone does not know\" (for Japanese\ngrammar doesn't prohibit it), but practically it only means \"no one knows\".\n\n> * _誰にも任せない = I leave it to nobody._\n> * _誰にでも任せないで = Don't leave it to anybody._\n> * _誰でもができる = Anybody can do it._\n> * _誰もがしらない = Nobody knows._\n> * _誰かがいるの = Is there someone?_\n>\n\nYou're almost correct, but 誰にでも任せないで is \"don't leave it to-no-matter-who\" →\n\"don't leave it to everyone\". One thing else is that 誰かがいるの doesn't completely\nequal to 誰かいるの. The former is unlikely to be uttered when the speaker speaks\ntoward the assumed \"someone\".\n\n> _Often I see 誰でも being used without が._\n\nYes, `-でも` + `が` is possible, at least for 誰でも, 何でも and どれでも, but it's\nredundant. I don't see any change in meaning.",
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] | 23631 | 23637 | 23637 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I'm trying to say \"I think I can speak a little Japanese because I have\nstudied a lot\".\n\nMy translation attempt:\n\n> わたしはちょっと日本語を話せるようになった思うからたくさんべんきょうすることがある\n\nDoes it sound right?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-06T14:32:56.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "How to express \"I think I can speak a little Japanese because I have studied a lot\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 2916
} | [
{
"body": "This doesn't sound right at all to me and it's obviously translated via google\n\nI would say:\n\n日本語を勉強したので、ちょっとできると思う",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-06T15:35:48.490",
"id": "23633",
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{
"body": "We don't do translation checks, so I'm just giving a number of pointers\n\n * you're using **AからB** to try to construct \"A because of B\", but in fact it translates to \" **B because of A** \", so you need to switch the statements to get the intended causality. This is the same for other conjunctions with a similar meaning, like ので (see [When to use ～ので vs ～から](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4715/when-to-use-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7-vs-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89)).\n\n * なっ **た思う** is no good. なった can be used to end a sentence or to modify a noun. To say _that_ you thought something, you need to use the quoting particle と to give なっ **たと思う**.\n\n * 勉強【べんきょう】 **することがある** is grammatically correct, but makes it sound like you are counting how many times you have studied Japanese. Here it might be better to use (the correct conjugation of (see below)) 勉強している \"I'm [currently] studying\" or \"I have been studying\".\n\n * Since your main clause is in the past tense (ようにな **った** ), the cause needs to be at least as old as the effect, that is, use the past tense here: 勉強してい **た**. Alternatively, you could say\n\n> 勉強しているから、[…] 話せると思います。\n\nor, (trying to improve on your old construction)\n\n> 勉強し **た** ことがあるから、[…] 話せるようになっ **た**",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-06T15:46:39.080",
"id": "23634",
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{
"body": "Casual\n\n日本語をよく勉強したから少し話せると思う\n\nMore polite (ます-form)\n\n(私は)日本語をよく勉強しましたから少し話せると思います",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-06T20:23:42.893",
"id": "23635",
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{
"body": "Depends on the exact context but I might say:\n\n僕は日本語をたくさん勉強してきたんで少しだけ喋れるようになったと思うんだ。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-06T20:31:45.493",
"id": "23636",
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] | 23632 | null | 23634 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23640",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say that I'm \"redesigning\" a web page, and I can think of several\nwords that may fit, but I'm not sure which is most appropriate or most widely-\naccepted in the technology world.\n\n * 更新 → This is usually used for upgrading/updating of software, although I have seen it used to mean \"refresh\" (for a view of some sort; browser, file manager, etc.). I'm not really upgrading anything in the sense of new functionality, simply a visual redesign (although I suppose that implies even a miniscule amount of functional improvement).\n * 改築 → Rebuilding or reconstructing; I'm not sure if it can be used figuratively for something not physical/structural.\n * 改造 → Remodeling; same argument as previous.\n * 改装 → Remodeling/redecorating; same as previous; seen it mostly used for redecorating the inside of buildings, houses, etc.\n * 改善・改良 → Straightforward \"improvement\"\n\nSo is one of these (or other) the \"set\" term for \"redesign\" in the tech world?\nMy gut tells me it is probably 更新 even though that one makes the least\nsemantic sense in my mind.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-06T23:23:43.257",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"terminology",
"computing"
],
"title": "What's the best way to say \"redesign\" pertaining to a web page/site?",
"view_count": 402
} | [
{
"body": "If it's chiefly a \"visual redesign\", I'd say デザインを新しくします（しました）。(\"We'll\nhave/We've got a new design!\")\n\n * 更新: It'll mean \"update\" of website, like adding a new article on WordPress. Maybe デザインの更新 would get your meaning across. The \"refresh\" sense is limited to browser function.\n * 改築: It sounds like you revamp the site's structure, or something.\n * 改造: Same as above, just more radically :)\n * 改装: This could be the best one word among these words.\n * 改善・改良: They only mean \"improvement\", as you said.\n\nThere's another widely used word: リニューアル (as noun _or verb_ ). Perhaps this\nwould convey more \"refresh\" vibe.",
"comment_count": 2,
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] | 23638 | 23640 | 23640 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23641",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the light novel that I'm reading, the protagonist is creatively arguing\nwith his friend to obtain more sleeping time.\n\nHowever, I'm a bit confused about how to handle the 起こしに in this sentence.\n\n> だからもう無理して起こしに来なくてもいいよ\n\nAccording to my research,\n\n**起こし** is the renyokei form of 起こす, meaning to wake up.\n\n**に** is the particle Ni and it's used to indicate purpose.\n\n**来なくて** is the negative -te form of come, so don't come.\n\nI know that the sentence means,\n\n> Since it would be more unreasonable otherwise, it is okay if you do not come\n> and wake me up.\n\nThe problem that I'm having is in the translation process.\n\nMost of the time, when I see a verb before a -Ni, it'll be in the -te form. If\nthat were the case here, like **起こしてに来なくて** , I'd be able to translate that\npart as **don't come to wake up**\n\nHowever, whenever I see the renyokei form of a verb, I'll insert an \"and\", and\nthat's where my translation falls flat. My problem right now is that, for\n**起こしに来なくて** , I get a literal translation, \" **don't come to wake up and** \"\n\nI understand that it shouldn't be taken literally, but it does suggest that\n\"wake up\" needs to be connected to something else like **もいい**. The problem is\nthat this doesn't fit with any grammar that I've learned so far -- especially\nbecause the link in the middle of a subordinate clause extends out it -- so\nI'm not confident at all in this leap of logic?\n\nI wish to request clarification because I've searched and could not find any\nexamples explaining why the Renyokei form is being used here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-06T23:51:50.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23639",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-24T13:51:57.507",
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"owner_user_id": "9764",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of the renyokei form + ni part of this sentence?",
"view_count": 335
} | [
{
"body": "> Most of the time, when I see a verb before a -Ni, it'll be in the -te form.\n\nMaybe you could provide some example? IMO, this is 100% **wrong**. You first\nassumption is false and that is what probably confuses you.\n\n_verb A (renhyoukei) + ni + verb B_ means _to b to a_. That is all you need to\nknow. \nThus, _起こしに来る_ means _to come to wake up_.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-07T00:22:06.130",
"id": "23641",
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}
] | 23639 | 23641 | 23641 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've started learning japanese not long ago, from what I've learned the\ncorrect way to say \"see you\" is じゃ【ja】、また【mata】.\n\nBut I've just seen a show and a character said じゃね【ja ne】.\n\nSo I searched a bit and found that the translation is actually またね【mata ne】.\n\nSo could anyone clear this up for me? What are the differences, what is the\nrole of また【mata】 and じゃ【ja】?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T00:39:18.337",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"translation",
"greetings"
],
"title": "What is the correct way of saying \"see you\"?",
"view_count": 20312
} | [
{
"body": "So, the actual \"correct\" (i.e. expanded) phrase is :\n\n> じゃあ、またね！ or じゃまたね！\n\nKeep in mind that is only intended for casual conversations. Other greetings\nare in order in other contexts (See below). This phrase itself is actually\nalready a\n[shortening](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AD)\nwhere 「じゃ」 replaces 「では」 wit the same meaning but more informal.\n\nTo separate it, think of \"じゃ「あ」\" as `then`, \"また\" is closer to `see you` and\n\"ね\", albeit more [complicated](http://www.tofugu.com/2013/07/11/the-many-uses-\nof-ne/), can be\n[summarized](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23442/whats-the-\nmeaning-of-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%AD-in-here) as:\n\n> The ね is either implying a question where agreement is expected (...)\n\nSo as virmaior pointed out, \"また\" is probably the closest to `see you`. But you\nwould usually use it in a casual way, thus shortening the sentence to either:\n\n * じゃ、また\n * じゃ、ね\n\nThat means `see you around`, `see you soon`...\n\nIf you want to be more precise, add an event or a timeframe after また:\n\n * また来週{らいしゅう}! (See you next week)\n * また会｛あ｝おうね! (See you next time we meet)\n * また来{き}ます! (I'll be back, lit. see you when I come back)\n\nYou can then play around with other durations, and add/remove parts of the\noriginal sentence as pointed out in the comments:\n\n * じゃあ、明日{あした}ね (Catch / See you tomorrow)\n * また今度{こんど} (Catch / See you next time)\n * また後{あと}で (Catch / See you afterwards)\n\nRemember that, as almost always in japanese animation, these are familiar\nexamples (Do not use them in a business context) !",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T01:29:18.683",
"id": "23643",
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{
"body": "Actually じゃ、また is the abbreviated form of\n\nでは[Indicate changing the subject of conversation]、また(again)今{こん}度{ど}(next\ntime)会{あ}いましょう(meet)\n\nwhich, altogether, gives \"See (you) again next time\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-15T14:20:37.387",
"id": "23784",
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"body": "As others have pointed out, there are many ways that one can say farewell.\nHowever, you seem interested in the shortest, most common way to say it\ncasually. This is the phrase that you want:\n\nじゃね！\n\nTo clarify, the phrase 「じゃ、またね！」is used in the same way we might say \"Ok, see\nyou later!\" in English. The また part carries the meaning of \"later\".\n\nIf you shorten that longer phrase to just 「じゃね！」 it can be used the same way\nthat an English speaker might say, \"Later!\" or, \"See ya!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-15T21:34:47.543",
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"score": 1
}
] | 23642 | null | 23784 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23649",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering if there is any ambiguity with sentences that have adjectives\nqualifying a noun, especially regarding the が particle.\n\n> 1. 僕が好きな人\n>\n\nCan this sentences have an ambiguous double meaning of \"The person that I\nlike\" and \"The person that likes me\"?\n\n> 2. 僕が食べたい魚\n>\n\nCan this mean either \"fish I want to eat\" or \"fish that wants to eat me\"?\n\nto make the meaning of this sentence clearer would\n\n> 3. 僕を食べたい魚-\n>\n\nONLY mean \"fish that want to eat me\" as the only interpretation?\n\nIs there a go-to interpretation for qualifications like this or does one have\nto identify exclusively via context unless there are further details provided?\n\nFor example, more detailed, clear-cut sentences\n\n> 4. 僕が好きなところ\n>\n\nThis sentence would ONLY mean \"The place that I like/My Favorite place\"\n\n> 5. 野菜を食べるのが好きな人\n\nIn this sentence the only interpretation could be \"People that like eating\nvegetables\"",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T02:56:27.473",
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"id": "23644",
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"owner_user_id": "4385",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Ambiguity in sentences with a noun qualified by an adjective with が particle",
"view_count": 949
} | [
{
"body": "> 1.) [僕]{ぼく}が[好]{す}きな[人]{ひと}\n>\n> Can this sentences have an ambiguous double meaning of \"The person that I\n> like\" and \"The person that likes me\"?\n\nFirst, that is not a sentence; It is only a noun phrase (or a relative\nclause). \"The person that I like.\" is not a sentence in English, either.\n\nThe answer is affirmative. **It can mean both** , but to mean \"The person that\nlikes me.\", it is more natural to say 「僕 **のこと** が好きな人」.\n\n> 2.) 僕が[食]{た}べたい[魚]{さかな}\n>\n> Can this mean either \"fish I want to eat\" or \"fish that wants to eat me\"?\n\nStrictly speaking, **no**. It can only mean \"the fish that I want to eat\".\n\nIn Japanese, we DO NOT say 「～～たい」 to talk about a third party's desire (in\nthis case, the fish). We say 「食べたがっている」. This is a common mistake among\nJ-learners.\n\n「僕（のこと）を食べたがっている魚」 = \"The fish that wants to eat me\"\n\nSee here for details: [Aren't がる and たがる the same\nthing?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3839/arent-%e3%81%8c%e3%82%8b-and-%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%82%8b-the-\nsame-thing)\n\n> to make the meaning of this sentence clearer would\n>\n> 3.)僕を食べたい魚-\n>\n> ONLY mean \"fish that want to eat me\" as the only interpretation?\n\nIt is missing 「たがる」 as I mentioned above. You need to use it to talk about the\nfish' desire.\n\n> Is there a go to interpretation for qualifications like this or does one\n> have to identify exclusively via context unless there are further details\n> provided?\n\nDepends on the phrase. As I stated, 「僕が食べたい魚」 can only mean \"the fish I want\nto eat\" _**with or without**_ further context, but the phrase would be\nambiguous if one did not know about たい vs. たがる.\n\nContext is important as Japanese is a most contextual language, but your own\nknowledge of the grammar and such is equally important.",
"comment_count": 3,
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] | 23644 | 23649 | 23649 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Contrary to\n[various](http://forums.na.leagueoflegends.com/board/showthread.php?t=1932158)\nurban legends, [Japanese does have a word for \"No\"](http://www.mahalo.com/how-\nto-say-no-in-japanese), however, it appears it's extremely rare to hear it\nused directly, given the connotation of impoliteness of \"iie\". Even factual\nquestions like \"Is your sign X\", are answered with \"chigau\" when one's sign is\nnot X.\n\nI'm completely new to Japanese and I'm trying to figure out how many ways\nthere are to express nuances of \"yes\" vs. \"no\".",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-07T04:55:44.097",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"negation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "What is the approximate ratio of ways to express agreement vs. disagreement?",
"view_count": 350
} | [
{
"body": "While you can't exactly number all the possible ways to express \"yes\" or \"no\",\nif you are are new to Japanese, then check out [this delightful\nvideo](http://www.japansociety.org/webcast/waku-waku-japanese-lesson-47-how-\nto-say-no), which explains いいえ, (もう)いやです, だめです, and (もう本当に)やめてください. It will\nteach you several nuanced ways to say \"no\" in Japanese, which all seem eerily\nintended to prevent molestation on trains.\n\nKeeping with the uncomfortable video theme, [watch this\nvideo](https://youtu.be/-8RxvF84rNk) and learn several ways to say \"yes\" from\ntwo young women who are unduly interested in borrowing your car. They talk\nabout うん, いい, いいよ, はい, and いいですよ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-05-02T00:52:14.490",
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] | 23645 | null | 24079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23652",
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"body": "I've been reading 不思議の国のアリス (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland) and there's a\nsentence that is baffling me. It reads:\n\n> [After having fallen down the rabbit hole]\n>\n> それがすごく急で、 **アリスがふみとどまろうかと考えるひまもないうちに** 、気がつくと何やら深い井戸みたいなところを落っこちているところでした。\n\nMy main concern is the bolded part. I'm not sure if it's Alice who \"does not\nhave any free time to consider remaining\" or whether it's the \"inside that\ndoes not have any free time to consider remaining\". I guess the latter case\nwould seem more probable; one could interpret it as figurative language: i.e.\nthat's how relentlessly fast the rabbit hole seemed to progress.\n\nHow does うち work here? And who is the subject of the verb 気がつく? Is it Alice or\nthe general observer?",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Which noun is being modified in アリスがふみとどまろうかと考えるひまもないうちに",
"view_count": 305
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{
"body": "The former; the fall was so sudden (それがすごく急で) that she had no time to consider\nbracing her feet.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T06:25:44.550",
"id": "23648",
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"body": "> 「Mini-sentence A + **うちに** + Mini-sentence B」=\n>\n> \"B happens **while** A is happening.\"\n\nB = [気]{き}がつくと[何]{なに}やら[深]{ふか}い[井戸]{いど}みたいなところを[落]{お}っこちているところでした\n\nA = アリスがふみとどまろうかと[考]{かんが}えるひまもない\n\nAbove is the structure of the whole sentence and one's comprehension of this\nstructure is the prerequisite to a good analysis of any part of it.\n\nYou clearly are unfamiliar with the usage of 「～～うちに」, which is a temporal\nexpression just like \" **while** \" in English. 「うち」 has several different\nmeanings and you could find them all in a medium-sized dictionary. \"\n**Inside** \" is one of the meanings but that is not what it means in the\nsentence in question.\n\n> \" And who is the subject of the verb 気がつく?\"\n\nIt is Alice; No other possibilities.\n\n「アリスがふみとどまろうかと考えるひまもないうちに」, therfore, means:\n\n\"while Alice had no time to think about holding her ground\"",
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] | 23646 | 23652 | 23652 |
{
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"body": "How do I say the above sentence in Japanese? I would suppose it's\n\nそれは私の意向はなくなかったら。 (sore wa watashi no ikou wa nakunakatta.)\n\nBut I'm not sure about the 'nakunakatta'. It might be a double-negation?\n\nOr might there even be a completely different sentence for this purpose?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T07:48:59.687",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "\"It was not my intention.\"",
"view_count": 846
} | [
{
"body": "How we say it **totally** depends on the situation, the speaker, etc.\n\nMore common phrases would include:\n\n「そういうつもりではありませんでした。」\n\n「そんなつもりではなかったのです（or なかったんです）。」\n\n「（それは）私の[本意]{ほんい}ではありません（or ありませんでした）。」\n\n「（それは）私の[意図]{いと}していることではありません。」\n\nThe first two without using a Sino loanword would be the most versatile. In\nformal or serious situations, however, the ones using a Sino loanword would\nsound better.\n\n「本意」= one's real intention\n\n「意図」= an intention",
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] | 23650 | 23651 | 23651 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23656",
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"body": "**EDIT :[Here](http://vocaroo.com/i/s0qSxNzp2PUx) is the extract.**\n\n* * *\n\nI heard the expression うりこぼる or (うりこぶる I'm not sure) in the anime 進撃の巨人 and\ncan't find much info on it. It's from episode 4 around 10:30, just after マルコ's\nlines. The sentence is pronounced by ジャン.\n\nThe full sentence is :\n\n> うりこぼらないで言えよ...本音を。\n\nI wonder if it is an idiomatic expression or an abbreviation of one, or\nsomething else.\n\nThe general idea seems to be \"stop lying\".",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T17:24:05.170",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of うりこぼる or うりこぶる - EDIT : AUDIO ADDED",
"view_count": 240
} | [
{
"body": "It's お[利口]{りこう}ぶらないで言えよ、本音を。\n\nお利口ぶる means いい子ぶる \"to pretend to be a good boy; to act goody-goody\"",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T22:11:20.967",
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] | 23654 | 23656 | 23656 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23666",
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"body": "Is it used in the positive sense \"you should do good things for others! good\nthings will happen to you as well\" or rather, negative \"good things are rooted\nin selfish motivations\", or something else?",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T19:23:11.400",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "How is 情けは人の為ならず used?",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[情]{なさ}けは[人]{ひと}の[為]{ため}ならず」\n\nIf I remember correctly what I learned in high school, there is a huge\ndiscrepancy between what this proverb originally meant and what many people\ntoday **think** it means.\n\n**_Original meaning_** : The first of the two interpretations you listed. \"Do\ngood things for others and good things will eventually happen to you.\"\n\n**_Common misinterpretation_** : \"Show (too much) mercy and it will not bring\ngood results to that person in the end.\" In other words, \"Be on the strict\nside to others if you want them to succeed in the long run.\"\n\nYour second interpretation \"Good things are rooted in selfish motivations.\"\nappears to be your own.",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-08T00:24:22.933",
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] | 23655 | 23666 | 23666 |
{
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"body": "Please listen to this short extract from a gintama episode:\n<http://picosong.com/VzF8>\n\nWhat exactly are they saying? The part I don't get is specifically \"ni\nkawareru ni\" and \"narete\". Do they really mean kawaru?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T22:29:16.290",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What are they saying and what does it mean?",
"view_count": 225
} | [
{
"body": "It says 「自分はこんな素敵な主人達に飼われるにふさわしい、素敵な犬になれているだろうか？」\n\n飼われる is the passive form of 飼う, to keep (a pet).\n\n～にふさわしい means \"to deserve\"\n\nなれて(なれる) is the potential form of なる, to become.",
"comment_count": 2,
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}
] | 23657 | 23658 | 23658 |
{
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"body": "こんにちは！\n\nI am currently learning the Japanese language (along with the Russian\nlanguage) outside of schooling, and decided that besides reading raw text for\npractice I could use manga as well. However, I was quite confused when I began\nreading my favorite series 'One Piece'. \nI noticed that while I could not read most of the kanji (along with most\nkatakana), pieces were written in hiragana to the side (which is apparently\ncalled furigana). However, furigana only appears to be besides kanji and not\nmost katakana (despite it [\"consisting of smaller\nkana\"](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furigana)).  Can someone explain the\nexact usage of furigana (why it is sometimes used in rather mature series\ntoo), and what the section without furigana says.\n\nありがとう!",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T22:55:00.947",
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"owner_user_id": "9794",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"furigana"
],
"title": "Exact use of furigana?",
"view_count": 2753
} | [
{
"body": "_Hiragana_ and _katakana_ are both phonetic (sound-based) writing systems.\n_Furigana_ is used to show the phonetic reading of a _kanji_ (or sometimes\neven [Latin\nlettering](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/JR_Namba_entrance.jpg)).\n\nIt is not used with _katakana_ because _katakana_ is already phonetic, so its\npronunciation is unambiguous. For example, my name (Eric), in _katakana_ ,\nwould be エリック. You could express this phonetically equivalently in _hiragana_\nas えりっく. The _katakana_ in your example would be phonetically equivalent to\nしゅがあ. I would recommend [reading about the Japanese writing system to learn\nabout _katakana_ and\n_hiragana_](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/writing).\n\nOn the other hand, _kanji_ are very difficult by comparison. Students learn\naround 2,000 _kanji_ over the course of many, many years, while _hiragana_ and\n_katakana_ take essentially no longer than first year. So, if the _kanji_ is a\nvery high grade level, the person may not know it at all, but may know the\nword that it represents if they know the sound of it.\n\n_Kanji_ also often have different readings. Notably, they usually have a\nChinese reading and a Japanese reading, but they can have multiple of these as\nwell. Take [食](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F#Japanese) for example.\nた and しょく are among its many readings.\n\nIn fact, the Wikipedia article you already linked states this nice and\nconcisely:\n\n> In modern Japanese, it is mostly used to gloss rare kanji, to clarify rare,\n> nonstandard or ambiguous kanji readings, or in children's or learners'\n> materials.\n\nYou will notice that _manga_ published in _shounen_ magazines will (almost?)\nalways have _furigana_ , while it's far less common in _seinen_ magazine\n_manga_ , simply because by the upper end of the _seinen_ age range, people\nknow enough _kanji_ to read it all. (I have noticed a few in _seinen_ books,\nbut as far as I know they're less common, such as the _kanji_ for もらう.)",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T23:46:32.223",
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"body": "Furigana is used to clarify how a word should be pronounced. It's common in\nbooks for children, since children probably aren't familiar enough with kanji\nto be able to read the text. With the furigana at the side, they can figure\nout what the word means based on the pronunciation, while at the same time\nthey can learn the kanji and will be able to recognize the word in the future.\n\nFurigana can also provide rare readings that the reader probably wouldn't be\nable to guess without it. For example, 赤茄子 can be read as トマト. Another example\nis the common word 私. This word means \"I\" and is usually pronounced わたし,\nalthough it can also be pronounced わたくし to make it sound more formal. If the\nauthor writes 私 but intends the わたくし reading, there's no way to convey that\nwithout furigana (except maybe context, but that's not always reliable). This\nreason is why you'll see it sometimes in content for adults.\n\nIt's also used a lot with names, since names often have completely irregular\nand unpredictable pronunciations.",
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] | 23659 | 23662 | 23662 |
{
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"body": "Whilst reading Japanese manga, to assist me in learning, I frequently come\nacross a few actions that I am completely unfamiliar with. (Section is circled\nin red):\n\n\n\nIt even appears in fan art (this time differently):\n\n\n\nNow I know that normally onomatopoeia like \"SLASH\" and \"BANG\" are depicted\nhere, so maybe this is similar? Can someone tell me what this is?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T23:05:20.717",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Meaning of onomatopoeia バン / ババン / バーン",
"view_count": 1179
} | [
{
"body": "バン！/ ババン！/バーン！ is like \"Ta-da! / Ta-dah!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-07T23:17:07.057",
"id": "23661",
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}
] | 23660 | 23661 | 23661 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23669",
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"body": "Below here is a full sentence I have found the word.\n\n> この品物の山は **いってえ** どうしたことだ.",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-08T00:06:10.663",
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"id": "23664",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "What does the word 「いってえ」 mean?",
"view_count": 596
} | [
{
"body": "「いってえ」 is how the \"tough Kanto guy\" would colloquially pronounce 「[一体]{いったい}」.\n\n「一体」, when combined with a question word (in this case, どう), is the Japanese\nequivalent of \"on earth\", \"the heck\", \"the f***\", etc.\n\n「この[品物]{しなもの}の[山]{やま}はいってえどうしたことだ。」 = \"How on earth did you get all this\nmountain of stuff?\"\n\nDepending on the context, there may be a better translation.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-08T01:34:18.143",
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] | 23664 | 23669 | 23669 |
{
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"body": "There are (at least) two words which mean \"to give\": あげる and くれる. The former\nis used when you give to someone else, and the latter is used when someone\nelse gives to you.\n\nBut which do you use if you want to say that someone else gave something to\nanother person, where both parties are outside your social circle?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-08T00:58:33.670",
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"id": "23667",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Giving and receiving with two 3rd persons",
"view_count": 420
} | [
{
"body": "That would definitely be 「あげる」 if you are speaking from the **giver's\nstandpoint**.\n\n「AさんはBさんにプレゼントをあげた。」= \"A gave B a present.\"\n\nIf, however, you are speaking from the **receiver's standpoint** , you would\nuse 「もらう」.\n\n「BさんはAさんに（or から）プレゼントをもらった。」 = \"B received a present from A.\"\n\n「くれる」 **cannot** be used to talk about a transaction between two third\nparties.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-08T01:10:50.463",
"id": "23668",
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{
"body": "For your situation you will want to use あげる, which is used when the recipient\nis not in your social circle. The giver can be anyone.\n\nTake note of social status too. If the recipient is **socially superior** the\ngiver, then you should use 差し上げる（さしあげる), but you don't have to. When the\nrecipient is **socially equal, or slightly lower** , then you use あげる。 If the\nrecipient is inferior you can choose to use やる, but that is often only for\npets, plants, or your in-group inferiors (such as younger siblings).\n\n> 田中さんは山田先生に本を差し **上げました／あげました** 。 Mr. Tanaka gave Mr. Yamada (social\n> superior) a book.\n>\n> 山田先生は田中さんに本を **上げました** 。Mr. Yamada gave Mr. Tanaka (social inferior) a book.\n>\n> 田中さんは鈴木さんに本を **上げました** 。Mr. Tanaka gave Mr. Suzuki (social equal) a book.\n>\n> 田中さんは子猫にえさを **やりました** 。Mr. Tanaka gave the kitten (social inferior) some\n> food.\n\n**Note:** くれる can be used when the recipient is in your social circle (your\nfamily), not just yourself. If you (or someone in your family) receives\nsomething from a social superior, you have to use くださる.\n\n> 山田先生は母に本をくださいました。Mr. Yamada (social superior) gave my mom a book",
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{
"body": "You need to refine your thinking on these verbs. Rather than thinking of あげる\nas you give to someone else, think of あげる as anyone giving something to anyone\nelse _except_ for when the recipient is you/your in-group.\n\nThen you adjust for register (さしあげる vs あげる, etc.), but within a single\nregister, that's how you cover all your \"to give\" bases with あげる／くれる。",
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] | 23667 | 23668 | 23668 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23671",
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"body": "Is it ok to substitute \"知らせる\" for \"教える\"? I do it all the time and it seems to\nwork-out. But, maybe \"知らせる\" does not even mean \"教える\" at all? I've never asked.\nIf the meaning is close, then when might it be natural to say \"知らせる\" in place\nof \"教える\"?\n\n\"陳べる\" seems like a really strange word? I've never heard it used. The kanji\nlooks weird. Even so, sometimes I'll say it when I should say \"教える\". When is\nit ok, not ok, to do this substitution?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-08T02:41:43.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23670",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "When is using \"陳{の}べる\" and \"知{し}らせる\" in place of \"教{おし}える\" ok?",
"view_count": 284
} | [
{
"body": "I personally think of it this way.\n\n> 教える although meaning to teach, can be used in place of the English to tell.\n\nFor example,\n\n * 電話番号を教えてください。Please TELL me you phone number.\n * 天体物理学{てんたいぶつりがく}について教えてください。Please TEACH me about Astrophysics\n\nIn this instance please TEACH me your phone number would sound somewhat odd\n(similar to I never want to forget your phone number). However teaching\nsomeone about Astrophysics would not seem odd at all.\n\n> お知らせする would mean something close to, to inform / notify.\n\nFor example,\n\n * これから明日の会議についてお知らせいたします。 From now, I will inform you about the details of the conference tomorrow. OR From now, I will notify you as to the details of tomorrows conference.\n * 電話番号変更の知らせ。 Notification of change of phone number.\n\nWhilst not explicitly used for this purpose, although probably able to be\nunderstood, it would seem a bit odd to substitute 教える with お知らせする in most\ncircumstances. Although this does depend on what exactly you are saying.\n\n * 10時に連絡先を教えます。I will tell you the contact details at 10 o'clock.\n * 10時に連絡先をお知らせします。I will inform you as to the contact details at 10 o'clock.\n\nAfter a bit of research, 陳べる does not seem to be in use and has been replaced\nby 述べる.\n\n> 述べる means something close to express, state or mention\n\n述べる implies more of giving a statement\n\n * 意見を述べる to express / state ones opinions (seemingly the most common use of 述べる is when it has 意見 attached to it)\n * 理由を述べる to give / state a reason\n\nIn this sense, 教える can't be replaced by 述べる without altering the meaning of\nthe sentence. - 暗号を教えてください。Please tell me the passcode. - 暗号を述べます。To state the\npasscode.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-08T03:00:39.873",
"id": "23671",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I do not think so, when looking at a few definitions:\n\n * [知らせる](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%89%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B) : Has a notion of `to notify` : this is particularly visible when looking at bulletin boards, they have written `お知らせ` on them. Same thing, when we receive security notifications or such, they are labeled `お知らせ`.\n * [教える](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E6%95%99%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B) : Has a notion of `teaching`. Therefore, I would use it when I would like a colleague to tell/teach me about how to use a piece of equipment for example.\n * [陳べる](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E9%99%B3%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8B) : I have never encountered it, but according to the dictionary it is more declarative.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-08T03:01:16.693",
"id": "23672",
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"score": 0
}
] | 23670 | 23671 | 23671 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23674",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the light novel that I'm reading, the protagonist says\n\n> 「人の趣味に文句つけるなよ！」\n\nAfter performing the research, I've finally worked out this translation,\n\n> \"Don't complain about a person's hobby!\"\n\nUnfortunately, it relies on 文句 being a direct object...possibly. I couldn't\nfind any examples for translating 文句をつける without breaking the phrase apart.\n\nHere are some of the examples that I found when を was included. (src:\n<http://www.mahou.org/Kanji/3667/?example>)\n\n> 彼は何でも僕のすることに文句をつける。 He finds faults with everything I do. [M]\n>\n> 彼はいつもあれこれと文句をつける。 He is always complaining of this and that.\n\nI'd like to know if the を particle is missing because it's a casual\nconversation. Or does the above-listed phrase have a different meaning\naltogether?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-08T04:03:47.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23673",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-08T06:38:23.680",
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"owner_user_id": "9764",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Can を be left out for this phrase 文句をつける?",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "That kind of を drops quite often in casual conversation; you say\n\n文句つけるな （文句をつけるな） \n文句言うな （文句を言うな） \nケチつけるな（ケチをつけるな） \nケーキ全部食べちゃった。（ケーキを全部食べてしまった。） \nうどん買っといて。（うどんを買っておいて。） \n宿題やんなさい！（宿題をやりなさい。）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-08T06:38:23.680",
"id": "23674",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
}
] | 23673 | 23674 | 23674 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 日本語が分かる\n\nWell, somebody posted the above on twitter and I got curious what it would\nactually mean. All of the given answers where _Google Translate_ crap.\n\nBut as I do not understand Japanese I am a bit lost. Maybe something like `Do\nyou understand Japanese?` or `I understand Japanese.`?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-08T09:21:14.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23676",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-04-08T12:52:26.697",
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"owner_user_id": "9804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 日本語が分かる",
"view_count": 2091
} | [
{
"body": "日本語 means Japanese and 分かる is a verb meaning \"to understand\".\n\nSo I would translate it as \"understand Japanese\".\n\nIf there was a の on the end then it would be a question:\n\n> 日本語が分かるの？\n>\n> Do you understand Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-08T10:11:05.337",
"id": "23677",
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},
{
"body": "* 日本語{にほんご} (nihongo) means `Japanese Language`\n * が (ga) is the particle indicating the subject\n * 分かる{わかる} (wakaru) is the verb `to understand`\n\nWithout any context, this seems like it would simply be a statement:\n\n> I understand Japanese.\n\nHere are some basic examples of usages with different context:\n\n**Asking someone if they understand Japanese**\n\n> 日本語が分かる？ or 日本語が分かるの？\n>\n> Do you understand Japanese?\n\n**Stating that he understands Japanese**\n\n> 彼{かれ}は日本語が分かる。\n>\n> He understands Japanese.\n\nJapanese is very context based, so the same phrase can have different meanings\nin different situations.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-09T01:10:56.760",
"id": "23685",
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"score": 6
}
] | 23676 | null | 23685 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Does イギリス and 英国 mean the same thing? Looking at\n[jisho](http://beta.jisho.org/search/united%20kingdom) it seems they do.\n\nI know 国 mean country and I think 英 means English. So together it means\nEnglish Country I guess. イギリス is written in Katakana so it's probably a\nforeign word but I can't recognise the English word it was derived from.\nPerhaps it doesn't come from English.\n\nAnyway in what situations would you use one over the other?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-08T10:19:53.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23678",
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"owner_user_id": "5237",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "When to use イギリス and 英国?",
"view_count": 77
} | [] | 23678 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23695",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This monologue piece is is taken from an anime (魔法少女まどか☆マギカ, episode 2, this\nstarts at ~10:55). It makes sense to me except for the highlighted part:\n\n> 別に珍しくなんかないはずだよ \n> 命と引き換えにしてでも 叶えたい望みって \n> そう言うの抱えている人は 世の中に大勢いるんじゃないのかな \n> **だから それが見付からない私達って** \n> **その程度の不幸しか知らないって事じゃん** \n> 恵まれ過ぎて バカになっちゃってるんだよ \n> 何で 私達なのかな \n> 不公平だと思わない \n> こーゆーチャンス 本当に欲しいと思っている人は他にいるはずなのにね\n\n[Audio extract.](https://clyp.it/52m1q5ox) [I've included the earlier bits for\ncontext as well]\n\nThe way I've seen Xしか～ない used is normally (always?) to stress that there is\nnothing but X.\n\nIn this sense, it goes something like:\n\nUs, who have haven't found it [the wish], **know nothing but the unhappiness\nof that degree** [???]. This makes little sense within the rest of the\nmonologue that stresses how much of \"happy fools\" she and her friend are\n[context: they are granted a free wish in exchange for becoming magical girls\nbut can't think of anything worth risking their lives for].\n\nThis makes me think I've fundamentally misunderstood this part of grammar. Is\nthat so, and where did I go wrong?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-08T18:51:35.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "9771",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"anime"
],
"title": "Usage of しか～ない in this piece of anime monologue",
"view_count": 285
} | [
{
"body": "> [命]{いのち}と[引]{ひ}き[換]{か}えにしてでも [叶]{かな}えたい[望]{のぞ}みって\n>\n> そういうの[抱]{かか}えている[人]{ひと}は [世]{よ}の[中]{なか}に[大勢]{おおぜい}いるんじゃないのかな。\n>\n> **だから、 それが[見付]{みつ}からない[私達]{わたしたち}って、**\n>\n> **その[程度]{ていど}の[不幸]{ふこう}しか[知]{し}らないってことじゃん。**\n>\n> [恵]{めぐ}まれ[過]{す}ぎて バカになっちゃってるんだよ。\n\nTo understand any sentence taken from a passage, one needs to be able to\nreplace _**in Japanese**_ all of the **impersonal pronouns** with actual and\nconcrete words that are used in the passage.\n\n> 「だから **それ** が見付からない私達って、 **その程度の不幸** しか知らないってことじゃん」\n\n「 **それ** 」＝「命と引き換えにしてでも叶えたい（ような）望み」= \"a desire so urgent that one would like\nto have granted even in return for one's life\"\n\nThe speaker and his/her friend do not have that kind of desire.\n\n「 **その程度の不幸** 」＝「命と引き換えにしてでも叶えたい（ような）望みがない程度の不幸」= \"a level of unhappiness\nwhere one does not have a desire so urgent that one would like to have granted\neven in return for one's life\"\n\n**Do not ever translate「その程度」 to \"that degree/level\" because it always means\n\"a lower degree/level\".**\n\nThat is the level of unhappiness that the speaker has experienced first-hand.\nIn other words, the speaker and his/her friend have **not** experienced the\nextreme kind of desire that quite a few people would have in this world.\n\n「～～しか知らない」= \"~~ is all one knows\", \"one knows nothing but ~~\", etc.",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-09T15:03:41.690",
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}
] | 23679 | 23695 | 23695 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23681",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "<http://picosong.com/VamJ>\n\nCan anyone understand the first part of what she's saying?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-08T21:33:24.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23680",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is she saying?",
"view_count": 301
} | [
{
"body": "She is saying 「[足]{あし}さえ[止]{と}めなければ、きっと[追]{お}いつけるわよ。」.\n\nSandwiched between \"sh\" and \"s\", which are somewhat similar, the 「い」 vowel in\n「し」 of 「[足]{あし}さえ」 was not pronounced clearly. I think that is what prevented\nyou from catching the first couple of words.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-08T21:37:20.707",
"id": "23681",
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}
] | 23680 | 23681 | 23681 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23684",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I wanted to ask this question because it is the first time I have honestly\nbeen unable to find any information on a given form. I know it involves the\nverb \"to be born,\" but I've never seen a stem+し form. For some more\ninformation, the full line is:\n\n> 人{ひと｝の世｛よ｝に 生｛う｝まれし頃｛ころ｝より 戦｛いくさ｝道｛みち｝\n\nFor those curious, the quote comes from a game called Xenoblade. Could someone\nexplain what construction \"生まれし\" uses and possibly give a rough translation of\nthe whole thing? Also, I don't know many kanji, so using kana in answers would\nbe appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-08T23:52:50.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23682",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-17T02:28:13.923",
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"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"archaic-language",
"auxiliary-き"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"生まれし\"",
"view_count": 695
} | [
{
"body": "The し is the rentai-kei (attributive) form of the past auxiliary き in\nclassical Japanese. \n<http://www.hello-school.net/haroajapa009002.htm> \n生まれし頃(literary)→生まれた頃(modern)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-09T00:10:52.383",
"id": "23683",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-09T00:16:08.260",
"last_edit_date": "2015-04-09T00:16:08.260",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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},
{
"body": "「 **し** 」 is the [連体形]{れんたいけい} (attributive form) of the **retrospective\nauxiliary verb** 「 **き** 」. 連体形 modifies nouns (頃 in this case).\n\nEven though 「き」 is a Classical auxiliary verb, it is listed in any medium-\nsized dictionary of Modern Japanese because it is still used today in creative\nwriting where the author's aesthetic preference calls for the old-fashioned\nand/or literary kind of taste.\n\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%97-515145#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88>\n\n「生まれ **し** 頃」＝「生まれ **た** 頃」= \"around the time I was born\"\n\n「人の世に生まれし頃より戦道」, therefore means:\n\n\"I have always walked on the road of war since I was born.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-09T00:56:46.377",
"id": "23684",
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"score": 6
}
] | 23682 | 23684 | 23684 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23687",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "From the tale 金太郎【きんたろう】:\n\n> だけど勝つ【かつ】のはいつも金太郎で、大きな【おおきな】体のクマでも金太郎にはかてません。\n\nI understand a few things:\n\n 1. だけど is contrasting the previous sentence.\n 2. の is nominalizing かつ.\n 3. The second 金太郎 takes the particle に because of the verb かてません.\n\nI'm having trouble finding (1) the main topic, and (2) the subordinate clause.\n\nI also don't understand how the other particles and the conjunction of this\nsentence are being used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-09T04:16:23.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23686",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"syntax",
"subjects",
"clause-pattern"
],
"title": "Analyzing 「だけど勝つのはいつも金太郎で、大きな体のクマでも金太郎にはかてません」",
"view_count": 204
} | [
{
"body": "> だけど勝｛か｝つのは何時｛いつ｝も金太郎で大｛おお｝きな体{からだ｝の熊｛くま｝さんでも金太郎には勝｛か｝てません\n\nSo let's start from the beginning:\n\n * `だけど` introduces a contrast with the previous sentence similar to `but` or `although`.\n * `勝つのは` nominalizes `勝つ` and introduces it as the subject using particle `は`, thus `the one who wins is`\n * `何時も` adverb meaning `always`\n * `金太郎で`: This is the part stating that it's _Kintarô_ who wins. `で` is the _continous form_ (連用形) of the copula だ, here indicating that the sentence isn't over yet. \n * `大きな体の熊さん`: \"Mr.\" Bear's big body\n * `でも` is not the conjunction `でも=but, yet, still`, but the adverbial particle (副助詞) `でも=even`. See these questions for more details: [1](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5666/), [2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18540/), [3](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19784/) If it helps, think of it as `熊 で+(あって)+も`, `even if it is a bear`\n * `勝てません` is the potential negative form (=cannot) of `勝つ`.\n\nSo I would conclude by saying:\n\n> Although (something), the one who victory is always Kintarô, (and) even Mr.\n> Bear with his huge body cannot win against Kintarō.\n\nOr a bit further from the Japanese:\n\n> But Kintarô would always win, even the Bear with his huge strength was no\n> match for him.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-09T04:52:46.417",
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},
{
"body": "There's no subordinate clause here. That's coordinate clauses:\nだけどかつのはいつも金太郎だ・です and おおきな体のくまさんでも金太郎にはかてません。で in 金太郎で is the continuative\nform of the auxiliary だ.\n\nThe topic in だけどかつのはいつも金太郎だ is かつの, \"the one who wins\", and the subject in\nおおきな体のくまさんでも金太郎にはかてません is おおきな体のくまさん. でも, \"even\", has replaced the subject\nmarker が.",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-09T04:59:51.040",
"id": "23688",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 23686 | 23687 | 23688 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23694",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've looked around, but I couldn't find an answer for this question. Here's\nthe example phrase that I'm trying to translate that I pulled from a light\nnovel:\n\n> せりとレタスとキャベツの違い\n\nI'm not sure whether it means. My guess is either:\n\n> the difference of parsley, lettuce, and cabbage\n\nor:\n\n> parsley, lettuce, and cabbage's difference (difference modifies cabbage\n> only)\n\nLogically, it should be the second, but I seem to recall that it can mean the\nfirst if you reason out the literal translation.",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"particle-の",
"particle-と",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "What does の apply to after a list of items with と?",
"view_count": 298
} | [
{
"body": "You usually say ＡとＢの違い to mean \"the difference between A and B\" and ＡとＢとＣの違い\nto mean \"the difference among A, B and C\", and I think it would be more\nnatural to interpret せりとレタスとキャベツの違い as \"the difference of parsley, lettuce,\nand cabbage\" than \"parsley, lettuce and the difference of cabbage\".",
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"body": "Recently, [@naruto](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/5010/naruto)\nmentioned the phrase 頭が赤い魚を食べた猫, which can be understood [in many\nways](http://togetter.com/li/567493). There is some ambiguity in how each word\nrelates to each other.\n\nAmong other possibilities, it could mean\n\n * [(頭が赤い)魚]を食べた猫 (red-headed fish)\n * [(頭が赤い)+(魚を食べた)]猫 (red-headed cat)\n\nThe same applies here. Consider the following pattern:\n\n> ＡとＢとＣのＤ\n\nAs far as logic and grammar is concerned, this can be interpreted as either\none of these possibilities:\n\n 1. (ＡとＢとＣ)のＤ\n 2. (ＡとＢ)と(ＣのＤ)\n 3. Ａと[(ＢとＣ)のＤ]\n\nNote that A, B, C, and D can be nouns or noun phrases. If the latter, it could\nget even more confusing, so I won't consider this case.\n\nUsually context resolves the ambiguity and makes it obvious. For the example\nyou gave, that would be possibility (3): the difference between certain kinds\nof vegetables.\n\nTo illustrate the point, let me give some examples for each possibility.\n\n(`《》` markers added by me for clarity)\n\n①:\n\n * 《せりとレタスとキャベツ》の違い\n * 《ブランデーと梅酒と柑橘【かんきつ】ジャム》の大人[珈琲]【コーヒー】\n * garden COLORING BOOK 《小鳥と花と動物》のぬり絵\n * 《君と彼女と彼女》の恋\n\n②:\n\n * 勇者と少女と《変化の指輪》\n * 「使命」と「運命」と「人生の意味」\n * 僕と君と《夜空の星》\n * 星杯騎士団【グラールリッター】と七耀教会【しちようきょうかい】と《黒【くろ】の史書【ししょ】》\n * コナンと平次【へいじ】と《恋の暗号》\n\n③:\n\nNote the first sentence.\n\n * [ポスドク]【postdoctor(al)】問題と《アメリカと日本の違い》\n * 下妻物語【しもつまものがたり】と《ウルルと森の物語》\n * 竹取物語【たけとりものがたり】と《伊邪那岐命【いざなぎのみこと】の伊邪那美命【いざなみのみこと】の物語》\n * 《伊邪那岐命【イザナギノミコト】と伊邪那美命【イザナミノミコト】の夫婦神》と《伊邪那岐命と伊邪那美命の争いを仲裁した菊理媛大神【ククリヒメノオオカミ】》が祀られている\n * 和風レシピと《梅酒と梅干しの作り方》\n\nI had a hard time coming up with examples for case ③, but it's definitely\npossible.\n\nTo summarize, only context and common sense can tell you what の applies to, it\ndepends on what the nouns or noun phrases A, B, C, and D are.\n\nLastly, if you _really_ wanted to leave no ambiguity, you could resort to a\nlengthy phrase that says it explicitly, such as せりとレタスとキャベツという3つの(野菜・植物)の違い.",
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}
] | 23689 | 23694 | 23694 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23691",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What do the words じゃが and おるかの mean? Here are the sentences in which I found\nthese words.\n\n 1. 警察の者 **じゃが** 。\n 2. ジョーという少年は **おるかの**?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"role-language"
],
"title": "What do the words じゃが and おるかの mean?",
"view_count": 626
} | [
{
"body": "Those are good examples of what my favorite author [筒井康隆]{つついやすたか} has\ntermed「[全国共通]{ぜんこくきょうつう}いなか[言葉]{ことば}」, which I would translate to \"All-Japan\nStandard Provincial Dialect\".\n\nIt is an imaginary dialect, instead of an existing dialect, that is used in\nstories. Believe it or not, it is most often used in children's stories.\n(Which is why I rarely recommend that beginning learners use children's\nstories as a study material. They will encounter strange sentence endings that\nthey will not find in textbooks or even dictionaries.)\n\nPractically all nationally-known children's stories take place in a small town\nin the countryside, but they never tell you where exactly in Japan. The kind\nof Japanese spoken by the characters all virtually falls within the realm of\nthis imaginary dialect. If they use a real, existing dialect, the kids,\nparents or teachers will not understand it unless they are from that area.\n\n「[警察]{けいさつ}の[者]{もの} **じゃが** 。」＝「警察の者 **ですが** 。」= \"I am from the Police\nDepartment.\"\n\n「ジョーという[少年]{しょうねん}は **おるかの**?」＝「ジョーという少年は **いますかねぇ** ？」= \"Is there a boy named\nJoe here?\"\n\nEDIT: An interesting (or rather funny) fact about this Standard country speech\nis that it is actively used in Japanese translations of stories from outside\nof Japan as long as the characters are from the countryside in their own\ncountry. Subbing and dubbing of foreign films are no exception, either. The\ncity guys will be speaking Tokyo dialect and the country guys will be speaking\nthis imaginary provincial dialect -- especially when the country guy is rather\nold.",
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] | 23690 | 23691 | 23691 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23707",
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"body": "Recently I have heard that the collocation その程度【ていど】 always implies a low\ndegree, or rather a degree or level of something the speaker or author feels\nis insufficient or _too_ low.\n\nFor example:\n\n * **その程度** の不幸しか知らない (implying they don't know what true misfortune/unhappiness is)\n * **その程度** の地震で、そればかりで、あの種類の構造物が崩壊するのは少しおかしいと思った (implying the earthquake was small enough it shouldn't have destroyed it)\n * お前のご奉仕は **その程度** か？ いいかげん、ご主人様の気持ちに気づけ！ 良太にはご奉仕の精神が足りない！ (implying she isn't doing much for him)\n\nIt seems that その程度 often carrys this connotation, but I've been wondering,\ndoes it always? See below for a few examples I've collected where it expresses\na rather high degree, albeit never with a positive connotation. And\nadmittedly, they are from older books. So the question is:\n\n * Can その程度 be used to talk about a (subjectively) high degree of something?\n * Can it be used with a positive connotation, for a degree that is considered to be good or desirable? \n * How common would this usage be nowadays; or is it be limited to a few special situations?\n\n* * *\n\nHere a a few examples I believe exhibit either a high degree. While looking\nfor examples, I did notice that this usage seems to be less common.\n\n>\n> 遊ぶのは勿論もちろんならんし、話をしても不可いかん。今後、この規則を破るものがあったら、発見次第それぞれの所属チイムの責任者によって、処分して貰もらう。尚【なお】、\n> **その程度によっては** 、ホノルルなり、サンフランシスコなりに、船が着いたら、下船させてしまうぞ。\n>\n> ――田中英光【たなかひでみつ】 『オリンポスの果実』\n\nJudging fron the context and considering the consequences --having to leave\nthe ship-- this `程度` of violating the rules seems to be rather high.\n\n* * *\n\n> ある年の秋だった。Ａ工場のあるＮ市は、日本全国を襲った暴風雨の襲撃をこうむった。 **その程度**\n> は日本の諸都市中で最もみじめな部分に属するほどであった。\n>\n> ――葉山嘉樹【はやまよしき】 『海に生くる人々』\n\nThis paragraph is rather explicit about the `程度` of the damage being anything\nbut low.\n\n* * *\n\n> Ａの研究によると、高齢者の肉体は常に衰耗の一路を辿るにしても、 **その程度**\n> はひとによつて違ふばかりでなく、同じひとりについて、部分的に遅速の差があり、その結果、ひとによつて、ある部分は既に老境に入り、ある部分は未だ青春の名残りをとゞめてゐるといふ現象がしばしばみられるといふのである。\n>\n> ――岸田國士【きしだくにお】 『老病について』\n\nHere the `程度` of aging seems to be styled as neutral.\n\n* * *\n\n>\n> われわれの現在もっている（現在のみならず将来にしても）育児の知識をさきにたてて赤ん坊を取り扱うということは、また一つのまちがいのもとです。すなわちはじめにいった通り、子供を育てるにはまず何よりも子供自身の生きる力を尊重しなくてはならないからです。子供自身からその力その生命の真の要求が強くあらわれるようでなければ、親々の詰め込み養育詰め込み教育になってしまって、\n> **その程度**\n> その種類こそちがえ、子供をいろいろの邪道に連れこんでゆくことになります。詰め込み養育や教育がもっともよくできた場合にも、盆栽や箱庭式の健康と人物をつくりあげるだけのことになってしまいます。\n>\n> ――羽仁【はに】もと子【こ】 『おさなごを発見せよ』\n\nI don't think the author would have bothered to write this if she didn't\nbelieve the `程度` of raising children the wrong way weren't too high, at least\nin some cases.\n\n* * *\n\n>\n> 若きダルガスはいいました、大樅がある程度以上に成長しないのは小樅をいつまでも大樅のそばに生【はや】しておくからである。もしある時期に達して小樅を斫【き】り払ってしまうならば大樅は独【ひと】り土地を占領してその成長を続けるであろうと。しかして若きダルガスのこの言を実際に試【ため】してみましたところが実にそのとおりでありました。小樅はある程度まで大樅の成長を促【うなが】すの能力【ちから】を持っております。しかし\n> **その程度** に達すればかえってこれを妨ぐるものである、との奇態【きたい】なる植物学上の事実が、ダルガス父子によって発見せられたのであります。\n>\n> ――内村鑑三【うちむらかんぞう】 『デンマルク国の話 信仰と樹木とをもって国を救いし話』\n\nI'm not quite certain, but as the idea is that the `小樅` support the growth of\nthe `大樅` until they grow too big and now hinder its growth, I think it\nqualifies as an example.",
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"tags": [
"nuances",
"collocations",
"connotation"
],
"title": "Can その程度 be used for a high degree or with a positive connotation?",
"view_count": 264
} | [
{
"body": "\"Always\" is too much. Among your examples, Uchimura's sentence implies \"no\nless than that degree\" but others are neutral in implication, in other words,\nその means \"its/their\" instead of \"that\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-10T05:13:21.510",
"id": "23700",
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"body": "その程度 consists of the two words その and 程度, and can be used as such with no\nparticular connotation.\n\nFurthermore, as noted by [@broccoli\nforest](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/7810/broccoli-forest), over\ntime the combination その程度 has become a collocation with an additional nuance,\nnamely implying a low or insufficient level or degree.\n\nIn the latter case, it can be considered one \"word\" or expression, which is\nsupported by the change in pitch accent: そのていど{LHHLL}. In the former case it\nis その{LH}+ていど{LHH}.\n\n* * *\n\nConcerning the question regarding the positive and negative connotation,\nconsider the following thought:\n\n> その程度で満足すべきなんじゃないのか、とラッセルは言いたいのでは。\n\nAt first sight, there appears to be a positive connotation here. However, upon\nfurther reflection we find that そのていど{LHHLL} is still something subjectively\nbad; it is merely something you should be satisfied with, instead of wanting\nmore. Being satisfied might involve a positive connotation here, but その程度\ncertainly does not.\n\nSimilar considerations apply to this:\n\n> 貰ったほうは、何かの形で返さないとですから。お菓子とかその程度でいいのでは？\n\nOne is aware that sweets aren't the best gift, but considers it alright and\nacceptable: 適当でいいんじゃない.\n\n* * *\n\nTaking these considerations and the examples from the question into account, I\nbelieve we can say that:\n\n * そのていど{LHHLL} is often used as an expression associated with a negative connotation and low(er) degree or level.\n\n * At most it involves a neutral connotation when it is simply a combination of その{LH}+ていど{LHH}. In that usage, a rather a low(er) or high(er) degree could possibly be involved.\n\n * It is not an expression associated with a positive connotation or high(er) degree or level.",
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}
] | 23696 | 23707 | 23707 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23705",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I still notice this when I see `[verbal noun]する` instead of `[verbal noun]だ`.\nWhile I understand the meaning of both, I'm missing the qualities that often\nmake する or がある seem to be a more natural choice in Japanese.\n\nFor example instead of:\n\n> 国民の平均身長は栄養状態と相関 **して** いる。\n\nI would want to say:\n\n> 国民の平均身長は栄養状態と相関 **だ** 。\n\nI'd probably ask:\n\n> Windows 10はRaspberry Piと対応 **です** か？\n>\n> Windows 10はRaspberry Piと互換 **です** か？\n\ninstead of:\n\n> windows 10はRaspberry Piに対応 **して** いますか？\n>\n> windows 10はRaspberry Piに互換 **して** いますか？\n\nIn the Windows 10 example, I see there could be an implication of Microsoft\nprovid **ing** something. But at times, as in the first example, it's not\nclear why there's the emphasis on dynamicity (continous form 〜ている).\n\nAre things as I'd do it in fact less natural?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-10T00:02:56.217",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"irregularities-exceptions"
],
"title": "Understanding the subtleties behind [noun]する vs [noun]だ",
"view_count": 548
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{
"body": "You can interpret it as 『国民の栄養状態は平均身長と相関』だ but the 国民の栄養状態は平均身長と相関 part is\nstill imcomplete sentence.\n\nLikewise, 「『Windows 10はRaspberry Piと対応』ですか？」\n\nSo, it's different from 相関している or 対応している.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-10T05:26:15.683",
"id": "23701",
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{
"body": "No subtleties, just grammar.\n\nFirst, 相関 stands for \"correlation\" as noun and \"to correlate\" as verb. Now,\n\n> × 国民の平均身長は栄養状態 **と** 相関だ。\n\nIt's an ungrammatical sentence because Japanese postpositions can't modify\nnoun by its own, contrary to English prepositions (but similarly to that of\nLatin & Romance languages). Grammatical ones are:\n\n> (a) 国民の平均身長は栄養状態 **と** 相関 **的** だ。 (turn into _na_ -adjective) \n> (b) 国民の平均身長は栄養状態 **との** 相関だ。 (postp. + の make it noun modifier) \n> (c) 国民の平均身長は栄養状態 **と** 相関が **ある** 。 (divert modifiee to a verb) \n> (d) 国民の平均身長は栄養状態 **と** 相関 **している** 。 (use its own verb form)\n\nBut note that the meaning of sentence (b) is \"The nations' average stature is\na correlation with nutritional status.\", therefore doesn't equal what (d)\nmeans.\n\nIf you talk about subtlety, well, the distinction between _na_ -adjectives\n(adjective nouns or nominal adjectives, as you like) and nouns is rather\nsubtle but undeniably exists.\n\nLikewise:\n\n * 対応 is a _verb or noun_ , but **not adjective**\n\n> × Windows 10はRaspberry Piと対応ですか？ \n> ○ Windows 10はRaspberry Piに対応していますか？\n\n * 互換 is an _adjective_ (some people use it as a noun too?), but **not verb**\n\n> ○ Windows 10はRaspberry Piと互換ですか？ \n> × Windows 10はRaspberry Piに互換していますか？",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-10T09:00:22.660",
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}
] | 23698 | 23705 | 23705 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23703",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From the song 四角革命 by 相対性理論\n\n> **四角カクカク革命前夜の**\n>\n> **長いあいあい間のロマンス**\n>\n> 近いカイカイ開戦前夜に\n>\n> やってくるくる車の行列\n>\n> 兎角カクカク革命前夜は\n>\n> 街のにぎわい恋のロマネスク\n>\n> 奇怪カイカイ開戦前夜に\n>\n> 迫りくるくる狂った結末\n\nI'm translating this song and the bolded lines are confusing me.\n\nMostly, I'm not sure how to translate 長いあいあい間のロマンス.\n\nWould it be \"lengthy time of romance\" or could it mean \"long distance\nromance\"? The context of the song would lead me to believe 長い is referring to\na long distance, but 間 is used for time, right?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-10T06:02:55.407",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Meaning of 長い間のロマンス in the song 四角革命",
"view_count": 179
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{
"body": "<http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E9%95%B7%E3%81%84%E9%96%93>\n\nAs you can see, `長い間` is exclusively used for time, so it would be a `long\ntime of romance`. I don't think its possible to interpret this as 'long\ndistance'.",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-10T06:57:03.313",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 23702 | 23703 | 23703 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23724",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "These two words, 無【な】くす and 失【うしな】う, seem to be very similar in meaning, but\ni'm not sure of the difference. Can someone please explain? Here are some\nexamples:\n\n> 彼【かれ】は時々【ときどき】希望【きぼう】を失う【うしな】。 He sometimes loses hope.\n>\n> 失【うしな】うものは何【なに】もない。 You have nothing to lose.\n>\n> 新【あたら】しい政府【せいふ】は国【くに】から腐敗【ふはい】を無【な】くすと約束【やくそく】した。 The new government\n> promised to rid the country of corruption.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-10T07:05:08.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23704",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "9696",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 無【な】くす and 失【うしな】う",
"view_count": 2835
} | [
{
"body": "Generally speaking, 「無くす」 would be a more versatile word than 「失う」 as the\nlatter is a more nuanced word. While 「無くす」 is an everyday word that even\ntoddlers can use actively and correctly, you will not see small kids using the\nword 「失う」 in real life. I think it safe to say that 「失う」 is used more often in\nwriting than in speaking.\n\nOnly 「無くす」 can be used to talk about losing \"little tangible\" items such as a\nbook, keys, hat, cellphone, umbrella, etc. You would sound incredibly weird if\nyou used 「失う」 instead.\n\nTo talk about losing more important things, tangible or intangible, you can\nbasically use either word as long as you remember that 「無くす」 would tend to\nmake it sound more conversational. Those items would include a house, job,\nlife, confidence, rights, etc.\n\nAs shown in your last example, only 「無くす」 can be used to talk about making\nsomething unnecessary or evil disappear by human effort. 「失う」 cannot be used\nthere at all. 「失う」 can only be used to talk about losing something you did not\nwant to lose.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T14:45:58.977",
"id": "23724",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 23704 | 23724 | 23724 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23722",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My study book writes some words like あまり and おおぜい in pure hiragana and I can't\nfigure out whether it is common to write these words in hiragana as the books\nsays, or I'd better write them in their kanji correspondences that I see in a\ndictionary. For example, I know that I can write うるさい as either 煩い or 五月蝿い but\nI also know that to write うるさい in kanji in the first place is not a common\npractice. So I have no problem with うるさい but not with those new words above\nand more words to come.\n\nWhat I usually do is to type the word in google, wait for the search bar to\ndrop suggestions and see if the word is in hiragana or kanji. But this\ndefinitely has a limit (since most of the time suggestions show both uses) and\nI can't just make a new post every time I see a new word to ask which one to\nuse.\n\nIs there any good way to know how a word is commonly written?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-10T09:31:46.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23706",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9817",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "How do you know what word to write in its kanji correspondence?",
"view_count": 1047
} | [
{
"body": "Google searches for this are pretty useful. There are sites like Jisho.org\n(<http://beta.jisho.org/>) that can tell you if something is usually written\nin kana. It also gives you alternative kanji forms.\n\nI don't know too many specifics, but the suggestions given by Google or\nMicrosoft Word usually suffice. Please correct my errors though.\n\nHere's a good link: [When should I replace kanji with\nhiragana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/8315/when-should-i-\nreplace-kanji-with-hiragana)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T11:32:41.497",
"id": "23722",
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"score": 0
}
] | 23706 | 23722 | 23722 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23710",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the full sentence.\n\n> いったいなにを **さわいどるんかの** ？\n\nWhat does the bolded part mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-10T11:55:29.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23708",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-04-10T12:30:35.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "3275",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning",
"dialects",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Meaning of the phrase 「さわいどるんかの？」",
"view_count": 234
} | [
{
"body": "It's [一体]{いったい}[何]{なに}を[騒]{さわ}いでいるんだ？ or 騒いでいるんですか？ \"What's the fuss about?\"\nin some regional dialect or the role language for old speakers.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-10T12:37:01.727",
"id": "23710",
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"parent_id": "23708",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] | 23708 | 23710 | 23710 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23711",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't understand how と is used in the bolded sentence below. Does と in that\nsentence imply と言って (\"Understand it please - said ボイスくん looking at me.\"), or\ndoes it imply と言わんばかりに (\"ボイスくん was looking at me as if saying 'understand\nit'.\")?\n\nFor reference, that last sentence is a narration, and not part of the\ndialogue.\n\n> ボイス「死体も何も、殺される瞬間、俺はその場にいた」\n>\n> ボイス「忘れやしない」\n>\n> ボイス「ーー絶対に」\n>\n> 思い出したくもない、と言わんばかりに表情を歪め、その感情を吐露する。\n>\n> 僕「・・・・・・殺されたのですか？」\n>\n> それは、また。ご愁傷様ですとでも言うべきなのだろうかーーと悩んでいると\n>\n> ボイス「ーー三年前の山賊たちがやらかした傷痕は、今の俺達の心を蝕んでいるんだ。それを治すことができるのは先生だけ」\n>\n> **察してくれよ、とボイスくんが僕を見る。**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-10T12:17:41.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23709",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Can と imply と言わんばかりに?",
"view_count": 238
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[察]{さっ}してくれよ、とボイスくんが[僕]{ぼく}を[見]{み}る。」\n>\n> Does と in that sentence imply と言って (\"Understand it please - said ボイスくん\n> looking at me.\")?\n\nNo, it does not imply that. If ボイスくん had actually said 「察してくれよ」 out loud to 僕,\nthe author surely would have expressed that using a direct quote just like all\nthose direct quotes from the beginning.\n\nBesides, the combination of 「察してくれよ (Please guess [how I am feeling].)」 and\n「僕を見る (He looked at me)」 should tell us that there were no words being spoken\nduring that moment.\n\n> or does it imply と言わんばかりに (\"ボイスくん was looking at me as if saying 'understand\n> it'.\")?\n\nYes, it does. Other possibilities include 「とでも言いたげに」、「とでも言うように」, etc.\n\nThe reason that the author just used 「と」 could be the fact that s/he used\n「と言わんばかりに」 only a few lines before.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-10T14:06:55.227",
"id": "23711",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "23709",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 23709 | 23711 | 23711 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23714",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand most of the below sentence, but when I get to 恩着せがましいと思うのではないか,\nthings get confusing.\n\n日本人は人見知りが激しいので打ち解けあうまでは時間かかりますが、仲良くなると恩着せがましいと思うのではないかと思います。\n\nMy translation: A Japanese person's shyness is intense, so it takes a long\ntime to get close to them, but I think that if you do, they might think you\nare condescending.\n\nIs my translation right? If not, what would be the correct translation and\nwhy?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-10T17:55:17.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23712",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-11T11:14:11.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7872",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The use of 恩着せがましい with と思う in this sentence",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "In 仲良くなると恩着せがましいと思うのではないかと思います, the subject of 恩着せがましい is 日本人 and the subject\nof the first 思う is the reader, so it's basically saying:\n\nI think that once you do, YOU might find THEM condescending.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-10T22:36:43.470",
"id": "23714",
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"parent_id": "23712",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 23712 | 23714 | 23714 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23717",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'd like to understand whether the とこに配属 within this dialogue (and in general)\ncan be used in reference to assignment of a position such as proxy, instead of\njust assignent to a division.\n\nFor context, soldiers have been assigned to divisions within the defending\narmy in a conflict. Character A is speaking to character B about the captain\nof the divison.\n\n> Character A says「あいつがウチら第4部隊長だがあいつは連隊長でもある。代理だが実質はお前が第4部隊長だ。しっかりな！」\n>\n> Character B replies 「めんどくせーとこに配属されちまったぜ。。。ったくよォ」\n\nSo I've understood that as:\n\n> Character A: That guy may be our fourth division's captain, but he's also\n> the commander of the whole regiment. You may be called his substitue, but\n> you're essentially the captain of the fourth division. Look alive!\n>\n> Character B: I've gotten myself assigned to a tiresome position...good\n> grief.\n\nIt's character B's line that I'd like to ask about, specifically his word\nusage of とこに配属され. Contextually, I'd assume that character B is complaining\nabout his assignment as the General's substitute, however if I take what he\nsaid literally, then I'd assume him to be complaining at being assigned to the\ndivision at all.\n\nBasically, what I'd like to ask is, can とこに配属され be used to refer to being\nassigned to a position within a division?\n\nI've previously only come across it being used as being assigned to certain\ngroups or divisions, but the assignment of a position makes most sense in\ncontext so...this isn't exactly a piece of information you can find in\ndictionaries since it's more about phrasing (referring to a position as a\nplace) than anything else, so I'm turning here.\n\nI would be extremely grateful if anyone could increase my knowledge in this\nsubject, and if you could tell me whether I was right or wrong, along with\nwhy, in my initial translation and understanding.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-10T19:36:17.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23713",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-12T09:45:26.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can とこに配属され be used for being assigned to a position?",
"view_count": 229
} | [
{
"body": "1. とこ is a coloquial abbreviation of ところ, which means place. In that sentence, it refers the troop, not the position. If he said it in standard(non-slungy) Japanese, It would be 面倒臭いところに配属されてしまったぜ。全くよ.\n 2. I'm not an expert, but a division is far (about 10 times) larger than a regiment in military jargon. So this 部隊 may be a battalion or a company. I would translate it as a troop.\n 3. ウチら第4部隊 is \"we the fourth troop\", not \"our fourth division\" (Notice that it's not ウチらの). So あいつがウチら第4部隊長だ is \"That guy is the commander of us the fourth troop\".\n 4. ~~実質 in this sentence is not essentially, but practically. So~~ 代理だが実質はお前が第4部隊長だ is \"You are the deputy, but practically the commander of the fourth troop\". あいつ(the real commander of the fourth troop) was mostly absent, because he also worked as the commander of the regiment.\n 5. You should take it literally. He complained about his assignment to the troop, which has this(#4) background. He had thought the deputy had been easy job (It might be true in other troops), but actually it was not.\n 6. しっかりな！ is \"Keep in there!\", but \"Good luck!\" is more natural translation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T00:29:20.380",
"id": "23715",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "To analyze this strictly by the actual words being used, 「とこ（＜ ところ）」 should\ndefinitely refer to 「[第]{だい}4[部隊]{ぶたい}」 as the word 「[配属]{はいぞく｝」 , by\ndefinition, means \"assignment to a department, divison, group, etc.\". In real\nlife , that is how we use the word as well.\n\nIt is true that when one gets assigned to a division, one is often given a\nspecific position in it, but it is still not \"correct\" or even \"normal\" to use\nthe word 「配属」 to refer expressly to one's assignment to that position. We have\nanother word for that -- 「[就任]{しゅうにん}」.\n\nAbove was for the better understanding of the original within the original\nlanguage, but **_translation is another thing_**.\n\nIf you feel using the word \"position\" would be appropriate, nothing will stop\nyou from using it. You have that much freedom as a translator and that is,\nafter all, why you used \" **Look alive!** \" and \" **good grief** \", which were\nnot even said in the original. Whatever sounds good and makes sense in the\ntarget language is what a translator shoots for.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T01:13:07.783",
"id": "23717",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "23713",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 23713 | 23717 | 23715 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23746",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Things like 何度も and 何回も are somehow common. In what cases would there be\ndifferences between the two? Are they the same differences between the plain 回\nand 度? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T02:24:59.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23718",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-08T17:55:41.113",
"last_edit_date": "2015-04-11T03:48:03.987",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"counters"
],
"title": "Differences between \"何度も or 何度でも\" and 何回も?",
"view_count": 2403
} | [
{
"body": "While there exists a large amount of interchangeability between 「[回]{かい}」 and\n「[度]{ど}」, it is also true that in certain situations, only using one of the\ntwo is either \"correct\" or \"preferred\" over the other.\n\n> **_Interchangeable:_**\n\n**_General frequency_** : \"X has happened Y times.\", \"Person X has done\nsomething Y times.\", etc.\n\n「この[冬]{ふゆ}、４回/度[雪]{ゆき}が[降]{ふ}った。」= \"It snowed 4 times this winter.\"\n\n「その[映画]{えいが}は2回/度[観]{み}ました。」= \"I have seen the film twice.\"\n\n> **_Not Interchangeable:_**\n\n1) **_Ordinal numbers_**.\n\n「[第]{だい}16 **回** XYZ[大学日本語弁論大会]{だいがくにほんごべんろんたいかい}」= \"The 16th Annual XYZ\nUniversity Japanese Speech Contest\". Using 「度」 here is incorrect.\n\n2) **_Proverbs and sayings_**.\n\n「二 **度** あることは三 **度** ある。」= \"What happens twice will happen thrice.\" Using 「回」\nhere would be extremely weird.\n\n「三 **度** [目]{め}の[正直]{しょうじき}」= \"Third time lucky.\" 「回」 cannot be used.\n\n3) **_Decimals_**.\n\n「アメリカ[人]{じん}は[週平均]{しゅうへいきん}8.6 **回** ハンバーガーを[食]{た}べる。」= \"On average, Americans\neat a hamburger 8.6 times a week.\" 「度」 should not be used with a decimal.\n\n4) **_Larger numbers_**.\n\nThis is a strong tendency and certainly not a written rule, but we do not use\n「度」 much when the number is \"large\". We would **_not_** say 「140度」 or 「3800度」.\nWe would use 「回」 for numbers that large.\n\n(If you used 「140度」 or 「3800度」 out of context, native speakers would think,\nwithout a fail, that you were talking about a temperature of something and not\na frequency -- \"140 degrees Celcius\", etc.)\n\nThere could be more cases where the two words are not interchangeable, but I\nwill leave it to the experts here.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-12T19:48:01.203",
"id": "23746",
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"parent_id": "23718",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] | 23718 | 23746 | 23746 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23720",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example, the word かばん (bag) is pronounced kabaN when it's alone but what\nif another word like と (and) comes after it? Would it be still pronounced\nkabaNto, or should you consider the following と and say kabanto?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T09:45:46.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23719",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-14T17:51:41.433",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-14T17:51:41.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9817",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Does the pronunciation of ん change with the sound following it?",
"view_count": 566
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it does. For example, ん is pronounced like [n] in かばんと、かばんの、and かばんで\n(before [t], [n] or [d]), like [ng]/[ŋ] (as in siNGer) in かばんが and かばんか\n(before [g] or [k]), and like [m] in かばんも (before [m], [p], or [b]).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T11:05:22.803",
"id": "23720",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-11T11:05:22.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "23719",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Adding to the other great answers, with かばん, the N, for linguists, is a uvular\nnasal /N/, almost like a real nasal vowel.\n\nThe original /N/ pronunciation is also retained, or become a nasal vowel\nbefore approximants (like y and w-sounds: や、ゆ、よ、わ...）as in ほんを、こんや、...\n\nIn general, the ん sound can also vary depending on the speaker. Although, all\nthis stuff is what I've learned so far. Please correct my errors too!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T11:23:42.527",
"id": "23721",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-11T11:23:42.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9822",
"parent_id": "23719",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 23719 | 23720 | 23720 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23726",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While reading I came across a strange usage which none of my dictionaries\ncould decipher.\n\n> 腰を **仲ばし** 、両手を大きく振りながら、てくてく歩く。\n\nWhile googling I found the sentence 手を前方に進め上体を倒しながら **仲ばします** accompanied by a\npicture of someone doing stretching exercises.\n\nFrom what I know ば is a particle used for conditions but I don't know how 仲\ncomes into the picture.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T14:58:35.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23725",
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"tags": [
"usage",
"conjugations",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Usage and meaning of 仲ばし",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "「腰を **仲** ばし」 makes no sense I am afraid. Are you sure it was not\n\n「腰を **伸** ばし」?\n\n「[腰]{こし}を[伸]{の}ばす」 means \"to straighten oneself\".\n\nThe sentence you found on google is incorrect as well. It should be 「伸ばします」 at\nthe end.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-11T15:06:47.500",
"id": "23726",
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}
] | 23725 | 23726 | 23726 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23729",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read this sentence in a book for beginners, but I can't find the grammar in\nany of my books or online:\n\n> おばあさんが川で洗濯をしていると、川上のほうから、大きな桃が「どんぶらこ、どんぶらこ」と流れてきました。\n\nWhich I translate as\n\n> While the old woman was washing in the river, a big peach came floating down\n> from upstream (with some sound effects).\n\nHowever, I can't find any references that mention that the verb in -ている form\nfollowed by と should mean \"while\". Or indeed any references to such a\nconstruct at all. Can someone please explain this grammar, how common it is,\nand when it is right to use it? Note that I am familiar with the verb-ている form\nwhen referring to \"verb-ing\" or when there is a change of state. I'm also\nhappy that と after a verb can mean \"if\", but that doesn't seem to work here.\n\nMany thanks",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-11T16:21:00.467",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What is the function of と in verb-ていると form",
"view_count": 1448
} | [
{
"body": "It is indeed the conditional と but takes more of the form of 'when' rather\nthan 'if', in a similar way to how とき is used. You'll see it used in this way\nquite a lot. This also means that anything before と doesn't necessarily have a\ncause-effect relationship. It's not _because_ the the women was doing her\nlaundry by the river that the peach came.\n\n```\n\n それは先生に聞くとすぐ分かった (I understood immediately when i asked my teacher) - DOBJG pg.481\n \n```\n\n[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/と](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%A8)",
"comment_count": 6,
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] | 23727 | 23729 | 23729 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23797",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference between 光る{ひかる}, 輝く{かがやく}, and 光り{ひかり}輝く{かがやく}?\nAccording to my dictionary, they all mean \"to shine\" or \"to be bright\", but\nI'm sure they aren't always interchangeable. Looking at example sentences, it\nseems that the sun, moon, a star, and a diamond can both 光る and 輝く, but eyes\nmostly 輝く. I can't figure out anything based on that, though, and I'm not even\nsure if it's correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-11T16:42:27.147",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 光る, 輝く, and 光り輝く?",
"view_count": 889
} | [
{
"body": "輝く is more of a sparkle/shine, instead of just a plain shine. Shimmer maybe?\nAnd 光る as to give off light. This might be the only time in the history of the\ncommunity that a Google Image Search of\n[輝く](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E8%BC%9D%E3%81%8F&es_sm=91&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=FW8pVdzBC8K1oQTxpoHACQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1216&bih=977)\nversus\n[光る](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E5%85%89%E3%82%8B&hl=en&biw=1216&bih=977&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=tm8pVeTbG5D1oASb_IGYDg&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ)\nwill explain this better than a dictionary answer.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-11T19:03:08.373",
"id": "23731",
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{
"body": "Something that 光る is something that emits/reflects light. The sun. A star. A\nflashlight. An LED.\n\n輝く is to shimmer/sparkle. The sun reflecting off a lake's waves does 輝く. A\ndiamond reflecting light does this.\n\nAs for 光り輝く, it's the same thing as 輝く.\n\nAnd as someone else here said, if you just want to compare words to get a\nnuanced meaning of the word, a google image search is always a great thing to\nuse.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-16T06:38:01.367",
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}
] | 23728 | 23797 | 23797 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23735",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": " \n\nCame across these while reading a novel.\n\nHow do you read this?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-11T21:24:43.740",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Reading and significance of dakuten with kana for which it normally is not used",
"view_count": 780
} | [
{
"body": "The letter あ゛doesn't exist indeed in Japanese. But あ゛is rarely used in manga\nto emphasize the letter あ. The letter ゔ exists. But it is normally written in\nkatakana.\n\nPronunciation: ゔぁ => va ゔぃ => vi ゔ => v or vu ゔぇ => ve ゔぉ => vo",
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] | 23732 | 23735 | 23735 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23737",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am exchanging an email with someone of higher social status than me after\nnoticing a possible mistake on their part.\n\nI want to say\n\n> I'm wondering if a mistake has been made\n\nMy first thought was something like\n\n> どこかに間違っているか聞きたいんですが。。。\n\nBut that, to me, sounds like I'm asking \"is there something wrong?\"\n\nWhat would be the proper way of asking them without offending them?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-11T21:51:38.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "4044",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"questions",
"formality"
],
"title": "Asking somebody of higher social status whether they made a mistake",
"view_count": 589
} | [
{
"body": "> 「どこかに[間違]{まちが}っているか[聞]{き}きたいんですが」\n\nThe problems with this sentence is multifold.\n\n1) 「どこかに間違っている」 is ungrammatical.\n\n2) There is **_no_** respect, politeness or humility expressed anywhere in it.\n「聞きたい」 is something you would say to your close friend or someone much\nyounger.\n\nWhen speaking to a person of a higher status, it is very important **not** to\nsound judgemental even if you are 200% certain that s/he has made a mistake.\n「どこかに間違っている」, even though it is ungrammatical, sounds highly judgemental. (It\nwould be grammatical if you drop the 「に」 or replaced it with 「が」, but it would\nstill lack all respect.)\n\nThe format that I would recommend the most in this case would be to \"\n**politely request a recheck** \" even though you know there is a mistake. To\ndo this, it would often take an extra sentence or clause.\nRespectful/polite/humble speech tends to take more words in Japanese as in\nmany other languages.\n\nI myself would phrase it like:\n\n> 「XXとありますが、YYではないでしょうか。[大変]{たいへん}お[手数]{てすう}ですが、ご[確認]{かくにん}お[願]{ねが}いいたします。」\n\nor\n\n> 「XXの[部分]{ぶぶん}に間違いがあるようです。[恐]{おそ}れ[入]{い}りますが、[再度]{さいど}ご確認いただけますでしょうか。」\n\nThe real question, however, is whether or not the rest of your letter would\nsound equally respectful, polite and humble.",
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}
] | 23733 | 23737 | 23737 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23736",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I had been wondering about this for a while. Consider the spelling of he names\nof _Izanagi_ and _Izanami_ in the 古事記:\n\n> \n>\n> 伊邪那岐神【いざなぎのかみ】 and (妹【いも】)伊邪那美神【いざなみのかみ】\n>\n> ([source](http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/772088/1))\n\nBoth of their names use the _kanji_ 邪, which, at least today, is associated\nwith a negative connotation such as よこしま.\n\nThere are several theories regarding the meaning and origin of their names:\n\n * 「誘【いざな】う」の語根 + ぎ・み(男性・女性を表す語)\n * 功【いさを】の語根\n * サンスクリットの「伊舎那天【いしゃなてん】」、「伊舎那后【いしゃなくう】」\n\nBut at any rate, the _kanji_ would appear to be _ateji_ used mainly for their\nphonetic value. Still, there are many possible _kanji_ candidates and I would\nexpect their semantics would at least e taken into consideration.\n\nIf we take a look at [a list of\n_man'yōgana_](http://www1.kcn.ne.jp/~uehiro08/contents/kana/1ran.htm), we find\nsome with a rather negative connotation, eg. 恥【ぢ】 or 愚【ぐ】, albeit most of them\ndo not strike as negative as 邪.\n\nMoreover, _Izanagi_ and _Izanami_ are amongst the more important _kami_ (I\nwould think), and 射 seems to be the [most common transcription of _za_\n](http://www1.kcn.ne.jp/~uehiro08/contents/kana/dza.htm) in the _Man'yōshū_ ,\ncompiled only about 50 years after the _Kojiki_ , at a frequency of 85/99.\n\nThere is an answer [at\n_chiebukuro_](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1160498971)\nhypothesizing that this choice had been China's way of making fun of Japan and\ndemonstrating their superiority. While this might be a possible explanation\nfor the names 卑弥呼【ひみこ】 and 邪馬台国 (やまたいこく・やばたいこく・やまとこく), which appear in the\n魏志倭人伝【ぎしわじんでん】 written in the late 3rd century in China; this seems to be an\nimplausible explanation for the names in the 古事記 written in the early 8th\ncentury not in China but in Japan.\n\nI looked up 邪 in a _kanji_ dictionary and apparently, it originally referred\nto the place name 琅邪【ろうや】. However, we can find for example the following\npassage in the 古事記 proving that 邪 had already been associated with a negative\nmeaning.\n\n> [〔原文〕](http://www.seisaku.bz/kojiki_index.html) 爾速須佐之男命答白「 **僕者無邪心**\n> 、唯大御神之命以、問賜僕之哭伊佐知流之事。故、白都良久三字以音、僕欲往妣國以哭。爾大御神詔、汝者不可在此國而、神夜良比夜良比賜。故、以爲請將罷往之狀、參上耳。無異心。」\n>\n> [〔文語訳〕](http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98)\n> ここに速須佐の男の命答へ白したまはく、「 **僕(あ)は邪(きたな)き心無し。**\n> ただ大御神の命もちて、僕が哭きいさちる事を問ひたまひければ、白しつらく、僕は妣(はは)の國に往(い)なむとおもひて哭くとまをししかば、ここに大御神汝(みまし)はこの國にな住(とど)まりそと詔りたまひて、神逐(かむやら)ひ逐ひ賜ふ。かれ罷りなむとする状(さま)をまをさむとおもひて參ゐ上りつらくのみ。異(け)しき心無し」とまをしたまひき。\n>\n> [〔現代語訳〕](http://radicaldiscovery.net/study/kojikia.htm) すると速須佐之男の命は、「\n> **私に邪悪な心はありません。** 伊邪那岐の大御神から泣き喚く理由を問われましたので、\n> 『私は母の国に行きたいと思って泣いているのです』と申し上げました。\n> すると伊邪那岐の大御神は、『お前はこの葦原中国に住んではならない』と言って、私を追放されたので、\n> 母の国に参ろうとする事情を申し上げようと思い、高天原に参上したのです。邪心などありません」と答えた。\n\nInterestingly, the spelling was changed to 伊弉諾尊 and 伊弉冉尊 in the\n[日本書紀](http://www.seisaku.bz/shoki_index.html), 弉=>大きく堂々としている and 冉=>しなやかなさま),\nyet as illustrated above, the significance of 邪 must have been known.\n\nPerhaps considering _Izanami_ 's fate does contribute some insight into this\nnaming choice:\n\n>\n> イザナミは火神を生んだために女陰を焼かれてこの世を去ったとなっている。この病臥中にイザナミの嘔吐や糞，尿から木，火，土，金，水(五行)の神が生じたとあるが，これらの神々は同時に焼畑農耕の発生を暗示しているともいえる。\n>\n> [...]\n>\n> 最後には黄泉国【よみのくに】との境において対立し，男神は人間の生をつかさどる神として，女神は人間の死をつかさどる冥界の神として互いに絶縁する。\n>\n> 「世界第百科事典 第二版 平凡社」より\n\n* * *\n\nThe question is thus: Are there any insights or explanations as to why 邪 was\nchosen to spell the names 伊邪那美神 and 伊邪那岐神? Or was it used merely for its\nsound?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-11T21:55:35.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23734",
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"score": 12,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"culture",
"classical-japanese",
"manyōgana"
],
"title": "Why was 邪 chosen to spell the names of 伊邪那岐神 and 伊邪那美神 in the 古事記?",
"view_count": 585
} | [
{
"body": "Actually 邪 has a long history of being used for its sound alone, going back at\nleast to the [Warring States Shakespeare,\nZhuangzi](http://ctext.org/zhuangzi):\n\n> 天之蒼蒼、其正色 **邪** 。其遠而無所至極 **邪** 。\n>\n> The sky looks very blue. Is that its real color, or is it because it is so\n> far away and has no end? [tr. Burton Watson]\n\nHere the character 邪 is twice used simply to represent the sound of asking a\nquestion, corresponding nicely to the Japanese か.\n\nIn a proper Chinese dictionary like [this one from\nTaiwan](http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/) there is not one but several\ndefinitions of 邪 that simply represent a sound.\n\n[Motoori\nNorinaga](http://www.norinagakinenkan.com/norinaga/shiryo/about.html), a\nJapanese scholar of _Kokugaku_ active during the Edo period and who would have\npossessed a formal education in the Chinese classics, would have known all of\nthis and therefore did not even mention that 邪 is also used to mean よこしま. He\nidentified 邪 as one of two ways that the Nara period Japanese indicated the\nsound _za_ , and said the following about it:\n\n> The kana 邪 _za_ is also often written as 耶, and, while it is not a mistake\n> in Chinese writing, as well, these two graphs are often used\n> interchangeably; in the _Yupian_ , it states that 耶 is the common way of\n> writing 邪, we should treat 邪 as correct. [tr. Ann Wehmeyer, p. 99]\n\nActually, from Motoori we might get a hint of why 邪 was used. As I said, there\nis one other way of writing _za_ , which is 奢. Motoori says that this is used\nto write the word _iza_ 伊奢, which means \"come!\" This is the \"come!\" that\nYamato-takeru says to his rival, and the same kanji is used when a prince\nunder enemy fire invites his men to drown themselves. Like Motoori, I regard\nthe _Kojiki_ as a very consciously produced book, and I think it is possible\nthat a different ateji was chosen for 伊邪那岐神 and 伊邪那美神 to show that the action\nthey were known for was something different the beckoning these human\ncharacters do.\n\nBy the way, it is wrong to assume that the _Nihon Shoki_ began being compiled\nafter the _Kojiki_ was finished. There is no evidence for this other than the\nchronological sequence of their presentation to the Emperor, but we do not\nknow why multiple books were requested, when this request was made, etc.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-11T23:36:54.430",
"id": "23736",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 13
},
{
"body": "To complement Avery's answer, one thing that may be worth investigating is\nthat the _Nihon Shoki_ has a particular phonetic orthography for Japanese (so-\ncalled _Man’yōgana_ or _ateji_ , which are directly based on Chinese and\nKorean phonetic use of kanji). Whereas the _Kojiki_ and _Man’yōshū_ phonograms\nare based on Early Middle Chinese (also the source of Japanese _go-on_ kanji\nreadings), the _Nihon Shoki_ phonograms are based on Chang'an Late Middle\nChinese (the source of _kan-on_ ). The _Nihon Shoki_ system is also of note\nbecause apparently it tried to encode Old Japanese pitch accent with Middle\nChinese tones. The notation didn't caught. For details see Miyake, _Old\nJapanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction_.\n\nSo anytime you find a difference in phonetic orthography between the _Kojiki_\nand _Nihon Shoki_ , the first thing I'd do is to check out the Chinese\nreconstructions for them, in Old/Early Middle for _Kojiki_ and Chang'an Late\nfor the _Shoki_. Sadly, I can't find a reconstruction for 弉/奘; but its modern\nMandarin reflex, _zàng_ , has a tone 4, with suggests that at least the tone\nwas different from 邪 _xié_ < MC * _zjæ_ with a level tone (Baxter/Sagart).\n\nSo possibly they changed the phonogram because, in a notation based on\nChang'an Late Middle Chinese phonology, the pronunciation of 奘 was a better\nmatch for Old Japanese ざ, and possibly even for the pitch accent of the words\n_Izanagi/Izanami_.",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-17T17:59:22.333",
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"score": 6
}
] | 23734 | 23736 | 23736 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23739",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I feel as though I understand what the below sentence means, but what I think\nit means makes no sense.\n\n> 日本に行ったら、アメリカのいいところも発見できるかもしれないですね。\n\nMy translation: If you go to Japan, you might be able to discover good\nAmerican areas.\n\nIs my translation correct? If so, why? If not, what would your translation be\nand why?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-12T02:18:57.497",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 17,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of ところ in アメリカのいいところ",
"view_count": 1143
} | [
{
"body": "I think what's throwing you off is that you're translating ところ too literally.\nところ does mean \"place\", but it can be used on a much more abstract level, such\nas a point in time or a characteristic. For example:\n\n> 学校へ行くところでした。- I was going to school. (Lit: I was at the point where I was\n> going to school.)\n>\n> 彼は高慢なところがない。- He doesn't have any pride. (Lit: He has no places of pride.)\n\nThe ところ in your example isn't referring to literal places, but an abstract\nplace like in the examples above. It's referring to the _characteristics_ of\nAmerica.\n\nI would translate it as:\n\n> If you go to Japan, you might be able to discover the good points of\n> America.\n\nWhere \"points\" refers to the characteristics of America.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-12T02:49:55.407",
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] | 23738 | 23739 | 23739 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23744",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading about the て form and trying to understand it, then I came across\nsome sentences using て form and a question came into my mind:\n\nWhat changes if instead of using the て form for all verbs and adjectives, と/や\nare used?\n\nExample:\n\n> 日本語クラスは簡単で面白くて楽しい。\n\nCouldn't it be rewritten like this?\n\n> 日本語クラスは簡単なと面白いと楽しい。\n\nOr are と/や used only for \"things\", while the て form is used for words?\n\nAlso, I read that て form is used to connect the contents of the sentence. But\nin the example I rewrote above, isn't it clearly connected?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-12T07:38:35.947",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"て-form",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Difference between て-form and と/や for connecting adjectives/verbs",
"view_count": 1638
} | [
{
"body": "と -in the sense of `A and B`- and や can only be used to connect nouns or noun-\nphrases, but they cannot be used to connect adjectives and verbs.\n\nTherefore this sentence would be wrong:\n\n> x 日本語クラスは簡単なと面白いと楽しい。\n\nBut you can say this:\n\n> ○ 日本語クラスといえば、「簡単な」と「面白い」と「楽しい」という言葉を思い出す。\n>\n> Regarding Japanese classes, I think of [the words] \"easy/simple\" and\n> \"interesting\" and \"fun\".\n\nHere the words are only mentionted, effectively they become the noun `the word\nX`.\n\nThe _te_ -form can be used to join sentences, phrases or verbs/adjectives. For\nillustration, another example with the _te_ -form:\n\n> 早起きして体操をした\n>\n> 本を読んで感想を書く\n\nNote that the _te_ -form has got a few other usages as well, such as implying\na causal relationship:\n\n> 金が無くて行かれない\n\nFinally, it should be mentioned that と can be used with verbs as well, but\nthat is a different usage and coonects phrases, but not nouns:\n\n> 電気を消すと暗くなる。 (If/When lights are turned off, it gets dark.)\n>\n> 家に帰ると手紙が来ていた. (There was a letter waiting for me when I got home.)\n>\n> どうして節電しないといけないの？ (Why do [I/we] need to save electricity?)",
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}
] | 23742 | 23744 | 23744 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23788",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a bit lost with the bolded sentence from _Doraemon_.\n\n> のび太： でたらめいうな！！ 人の運命なんか、わかってたまるか！！\n>\n> ドラえもん： それがわかるんだ。\n>\n> ドラえもん： **どうしてわかるかというとだね。**\n>\n> ドラえもん： なに これ？\n>\n> のび太： おもち。\n\nI understand どうして、わかる and いう, but I don't get the かと and とだね after them and\nhow it works together.",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-12T18:17:52.487",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"manga"
],
"title": "Meaning and grammar of 〜かというとだね",
"view_count": 2425
} | [
{
"body": "> それがわかるんだ。\n\n`I (do know/am able to tell) it [=people's destiny].` First, he claims that he\ndoes have the ability indeed.\n\n> `〈どうしてわかるか〉というと`だね。\n\n`As for why I know it, you see..` Now he teases you that he knows why. 〜というと\nis used to bring up an issue (〜 **という** と) and follow it up with the reason\n(〜という **と** ). But here, _Doraemon_ doesn't want to reveal the information\njust yet in this sentence.\n\n> なに これ？\n\n`What's this?` Now he gets distracted before he can explain it.\n\n> おもち。\n\n= お餅. A rice-cake.\n\n* * *\n\nGrammatically, you can explain it by saying that he mentions the entire phrase\ninstead of using it (`どうしてわかるかというと`) and appends the copula だ + ね, to bring\nthe listener's attention to it.\n\nHere is an example of how というと is used to offer a reason for a question,\nnamely why some people still get caries even though they use an electric\ntoothbrush that is supposed to be effective against it.\n\n>\n> 電動歯ブラシは効率的に歯についた黴菌【ばいきん】落とすのに有効な道具です。なのに電動歯ブラシを使っている方の中に虫歯や歯周病が治らない方も増えているのです。それは\n> **どうしてかというと** 電動の震えているブラシの毛が黴菌【ばいきん】に触れていないのです。\n>\n> ([source](http://www.nishikata-shika.com/short_musiba.html))\n\nDictionary-wise, you can find an entry for というと [in the\nデジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/154746/m0u/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%A8/).\nThe bolded part applies in this case, although the difference between the 4\nsenses is rather subtle.\n\n> と‐いうと\n>\n> １ ある事柄を受けて、そこから予想される内容や導かれる結論を示す。…とすると。…となると。「今週もだめ、来週もだめ―、今月は会えないね」\n>\n> ２ **ある事柄を提示し、それに関連したことについて下に続ける意を表す。…ということについては。** 「新聞記事―、最近公害問題はあまり見かけないね」\n>\n> ３ ある事柄に関して、代表的なものや、特に結びつきの強いものを挙げる。「コンピューター―彼に聞けばよい」\n>\n> ４ ある事柄を受けて、それに伴って必ずあとの事柄が生じることを表す。「旅行をする―天気が悪くなる」",
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"score": 2
}
] | 23745 | 23788 | 23788 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23750",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm wondering what 形 and 形程度 mean in the following conversation. I know that 形\ncan be used quite figuratively but I never got a good feel for it.\n\nA: しかしリーダーといっても形程度のことだろう？\n\nB: 形で判断されることもあるでしょ？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-12T20:27:59.890",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 形 here?",
"view_count": 461
} | [
{
"body": "「[形]{かたち}」, here, means \" **token** \" or \" **by name only** \".\n\nA: \"It's nothing more than a token leader, is it?\"\n\nB: \"(But) you get judged by your name at times, y'know.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-13T00:02:30.967",
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"score": 3
}
] | 23747 | 23750 | 23750 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23749",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From the manga _yotsubato!_ , casual conversation:\n\n> 早く寝るのはいいけど、せめて晩飯食って風呂入ってからにしろ\n\nIn this sentence how does からにしろ at the end change it? I know the full sentence\nmeans this:\n\n> It's ok to go to bed early, but at least eat dinner, and take a bath.\n\nBut wouldn't that be\n\n> 早く寝るのはいいけど、せめて晩飯食って風呂入る。\n\nI'm guessing that しろ is the imperative form of する, から is `from`, and に is the\ndirectional particle. But I don't see how that changes the sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-12T21:14:02.570",
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"owner_user_id": "9117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "Meaning and usage of 〜してからにしろ",
"view_count": 1664
} | [
{
"body": "> Dictionary form: 「Te-form of Verb A + から + に + する 」\n>\n> Imperative form: 「Te-form of Verb A + から + に + しろ（or せよ） 」\n\nThis is a common set phrase meaning \"Do (something) only after doing A.\"\n\nThe translation you provided is passable but is certainly not a very literal\none.\n\n> 「[早]{はや}く[寝]{ね}るのはいいけど、せめて[晩飯]{ばんめし}[食]{く}って[風呂]{ふろ}[入]{はい}ってからに **しろ** 。」\n\nIn this sentence, 「しろ」=「寝ろ」. but the translation does not clearly says it. It\nis only implied successfully because \"Verb A\" here happens to be 「寝る」 so the\nreader will know that one would have to do everything else (eat dinner and\ntake a bath, in this case) before going to bed.\n\nA highly literal translation would be:\n\n> \"It is OK to go to bed early, but _**do so**_ at least after eating dinner\n> and taking a bath.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-12T23:44:29.013",
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"score": 11
}
] | 23748 | 23749 | 23749 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23754",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the newspaper article titled\n[山中ら、予備検診で異常なし…ＷＢＣバンタム級](http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/sports/etc/20150413-OYT1T50109.html),\nwhat meaning is created by placing \"ら\" after \"山中\"?\n\nDoes it make \"山中慎介\" plural, and then \"山中ら\" means something like \"Yamanaka and\nhis hangers-on\".\n\nMaybe, \"Clintonら\" means \"Hillary Clinton and her senior campaign staff\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-13T12:57:04.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23753",
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"owner_user_id": "9509",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"plurals"
],
"title": "why does \"ら\" follow \"山中{やまなか}\" here: \"山中ら、予備検診{よびけんしん}で異常{いじょう}なし\"",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "「ら」 is a plural suffix.\n\nIn this case, 「山中ら」 just means \"Yamanaka and his opponent\", **_not_**\n\"Yamanaka and his hangers-on\". The hangers-on do not need to take a\npreliminary physical before a boxing match.\n\n\"Yamanaka and his opponent pass their preliminary physical.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-13T13:43:15.687",
"id": "23754",
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"score": 7
}
] | 23753 | 23754 | 23754 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23763",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading the following Doraemon [page](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nnAYY.jpg)\nand I've got a few questions\n\nI'll name all panels beginning from the top right, going left\n\nIn the 8th panel: でも、これからはドラエモンがついてるから安心しな、おじいさん。\n\nThose 2 から are both for giving the reason for something (because)? It's a bit\nconfusing.\n\nIn the 5th panel I don't quite get なんだもの at the end of なにをやらせてもだめなんだもの. Is it\nmaybe a way of emphasizing the なにをやらせてもだめ statement?\n\nIn the 7th panel I don't get ろくなめにあわないんだ. A deconstruction or clarification of\nwhat is what in the sentence would be much appreciated. The rest I get, more\nor less.\n\nThen, in the last panels, I don't quite understand the て after おじいさん and what\nhe refers to by だれのこと. Is he asking who the robot means by おじいさん?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-13T17:51:05.897",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"manga"
],
"title": "A few Doraemon related questions",
"view_count": 698
} | [
{
"body": "> In the 8th panel: でも、これ **から** はドラエモンがついてる **から** 安心しな、おじいさん。\n>\n> Those 2 から are both for giving the reason for something (because)? It's a\n> bit confusing.\n\nNo, only the second 「から」 is for stating a reason. \"Don't you worry\n_**because**_ Doraemon will be with you from now on, Grandpa!\"\n\n「これ **から** 」 just means \" _ **from**_ now on\".\n\n> In the 5th panel I don't quite get なんだもの at the end of なにをやらせてもだめなんだもの. Is\n> it maybe a way of emphasizing the なにをやらせてもだめ statement?\n\nNot quite but kind of close. This 「もの」 is like a nuanced and somewhat\nemotional \"'cuz\". It is a colloquial sentence-ending particle for stating a\nreason with an amount of dissatisfaction towards the current situaton. In real\nlife, it is mostly kids and women who use this 「もの」.\n\n\"'Cuz you're no good at anything.\"\n\n> In the 7th panel I don't get ろくなめにあわないんだ. A deconstruction or clarification\n> of what is what in the sentence would be much appreciated. The rest I get,\n> more or less.\n\nIt is 「ろくな[目]{め}に[遭]{あ}わないんだ。」 if one were to use kanji.\n\n「目に遭う」 means \"to experience\".\n\n「ろくな」 , all by itself, means \"satisfactory\" or \"good\", but it is often used\ntogether with a negative word as in this case -- 「ない」. It is one of those\nwords that are often used by native speakers but not really by Japanese-\nlearners.\n\n「ろくな目に遭わないんだ。」= \"You don't have such good experiences.\" ⇒ \"Bad things keep\nhappening to you.\"\n\n> Then, in the last panels, I don't quite understand the て after おじいさん and\n> what he refers to by だれのこと. Is he asking who the robot means by おじいさん?\n\n「て」＝「って」. It is a quotative particle.\n\n『おじいさん』て、だれのこと？ = \"Who do you mean by 'Grandpa'?\"",
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"score": 8
}
] | 23756 | 23763 | 23763 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23762",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference of meanings between the spellings\nしまう、仕舞{しま}う、終{しま}う、了{しま}う? Or at least, between the first two? (They are\nmarked as common.)\n\nIf there is a source about such nuances, I'll appreciate links.\n\n**More specifically:** \nI know that しまう (in kana spelling) is a subsidiary verb, and a very common\none. Besides that, I want to learn the full verb pronounced 【しまう】 ( _1 to\nfinish; 2to close down; 3to put away_). So:\n\n 1. Is the kana spelling しまう used for the full verb at all?\n 2. If I want to translate the full verb from English into Japanese, how do I choose the spelling?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-13T18:17:44.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "3453",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"homophonic-kanji",
"spelling",
"resources"
],
"title": "What is the difference between spellings しまう、仕舞う、終う、了う?",
"view_count": 502
} | [
{
"body": "Adding on to **oals** ' answer:\n\n> 仕舞う\n>\n> to finish; to close; to do something completely; to put away; to put an end\n> to\n>\n> Common word, Godan verb with u ending, Transitive verb, **Usually written\n> using kana alone**\n\nSource: [edict](http://www.edrdg.org/jmdict/edict.html), searchable on\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/words?jap=%E4%BB%95%E8%88%9E%E3%81%86&eng=&dict=edict)\n\nIt seems only しまう and 仕舞う are in common use (the others being rather obscure),\nand even among those two, I've only ever come across the hiragana form.\n\nWhile not a native speaker, they do all seem to refer to the same word. Any\ndifference in nuance would come from the spelling (kanji is generally\nperceived to be more professional, etc..)\n\nAlso, all of the spellings you listed are listed within the same entry in both\nthe\n[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BB%95%E8%88%9E%E3%81%86%E3%83%BB%E7%B5%82%E3%81%86%E3%83%BB%E4%BA%86%E3%81%86%E3%83%BB%E8%94%B5%E3%81%86-285661)\nand [デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/100617/m0u/).\n\n**Update:**\n\nI don't believe しまう is used very often aside from the common ~てしまう construct.\nThere are many other alternative and more commonly used words used depending\non the context. (終わる, 終える, 成し遂げる, and so on..)\n\nThere is also the expression しまった, which you may see.\n\n**Update 2:**\n\nRegarding your second question, if you are intent on using the verb しまう, I\nwould stick to しまう as the other spellings are not in common use (as denoted on\nデジタル大辞泉 with ▽).\n\n**Correction from DariusJahandarie:**\n\n> 「しまう」 is used commonly as a regular verb, and **even in those cases it's\n> almost never written using kanji** (although using kanji is more acceptable\n> here than when it's being used as a 補助動詞).",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-13T20:18:19.080",
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"score": 3
}
] | 23757 | 23762 | 23762 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23760",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Don't know if it should be read as まいろ, まあいろ, あさいろ or in some other way.\nCouldn't find it in any dictionary.\n\nContext: ",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-13T18:45:25.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23758",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-04T23:55:01.340",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"colors"
],
"title": "How do you read 麻色?",
"view_count": 629
} | [
{
"body": "It's read like a regular compound word, あさいろ\n\n[Here's a passage](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000879/files/52_15239.html)\nfrom Aozora Bunko with furigana:\n\n```\n\n 何か妙な[粉]{こな}をふりかけた[麻色]{あさいろ}の[縮]{ちぢ}れ毛の[鬘]{かずら}である。\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-13T19:29:54.400",
"id": "23760",
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{
"body": "* 灰 (はい)\n\n灰色 (はいいろ)\n\n * 茶 (ちゃ)\n\n茶色 (ちゃいろ)\n\n * 黄 (き)\n\n黄色 (きいろ)\n\n * 銀 (ぎん)\n\n銀色 (ぎんいろ)\n\nI'm not 100% sure, but the trend seems to be attaching いろ directly to the\nstandalone word. Going from this, I would assume that 麻色 is read as あさいろ.\n\nApologies for not being able to provide a confident answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-13T19:36:35.343",
"id": "23761",
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] | 23758 | 23760 | 23760 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23766",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[夏目漱石の坊っちゃん](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/752_14964.html):\n\n> 親類のものから西洋製のナイフを貰【もら】って奇麗【きれい】な刃【は】を日に翳【かざ】して、友達【ともだち】に見せていたら、一人が\n> **光る事は光るが切れそうもない** と云った。切れぬ事があるか、何でも切ってみせると受け合った。そんなら君の指を切ってみろと注文したから、\n> **何だ指ぐらいこの通りだと**\n> 右の手の親指の甲【こう】をはすに切り込【こ】んだ。幸【さいわい】ナイフが小さいのと、親指の骨が堅【かた】かったので、今だに親指は手に付いている。しかし創痕【きずあと】は死ぬまで消えぬ。\n\nIn particular, I am having trouble comprehending the text in bold. I have\nincluded the context of the sentence in hopes of making it more clear.\n\n> ひかる こと は ひかる が きれそう も ない。\n\nFrom what I understand, it is something along the lines of \"the shining thing\n(the knife) shines, but it doesn't seem to be able to cut\". However, what is\nthe purpose of the も particle in this case?\n\n> なんだゆびぐらいこのとおりだと\n\nAs for this clause, I can't seem to make much sense out of it.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-13T19:22:49.337",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"questions"
],
"title": "Meaning of 光る事は光るが切れそうもない and 何だ指ぐらいこの通りだと",
"view_count": 465
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[光]{ひか}る[事]{こと}は光るが[切]{き}れそうもない」\n\nis in the structure:\n\n> 「Verb or Adjective + ことは + _**Same**_ Verb or Adjective + が/けど + Phrase」\n>\n> = \"(Something) is _**indeed**_ ~~~~, but ~~~~~~\"\n\n「切れそうもない」= \"does not (even) look like it cuts well\". 「も」 is there for\nemphasis, which is why I used \"even\".\n\n> \"It is indeed shiny, but it does not (even) look like it cuts well.\"\n\nOnto the next phrase,\n\n> 「[何]{なん}だ[指]{ゆび}ぐらいこの[通]{とお}りだ **と** 」\n\n「と」 at the end is quotative. So, for the sake of understanding, do pretend you\nare instead seeing:\n\n> 『何だ指ぐらいこの通りだ！』 **と** （言って、言いながら, etc.）\n\n何だ = \"what the heck\", 指ぐらい = \"it's only a finger\", このとおりだ = \"just like this\" ⇒\n\"I'll show ya.\"\n\nThis is what the guy said before he actually cut his finger. You should be\nable to figure out how to put it all together as an indirect quote within the\nsentence.",
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}
] | 23759 | 23766 | 23766 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23767",
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"body": "I've been noticing that Latin letters in abbreviations and acronyms are\n_(obviously)_ common in Japan.\n\nFor instance:\n\n * JR becomes **ジェイアール**\n * CM becomes **シーエム**\n * N3 becomes **エヌさん**\n * NHK becomes **エヌエイチケイ** (I think)\n\nAre there any set rules for pronouncing (possibly made-up) acronyms like\nthese, or rather, are there set _Japanese_ pronunciations for each English\nletter? How would a **日本人** pronounce a random acronym like **AXQ, JSOC** or\nsomething?\n\nMaybe pronunciation is irregular... but would you guys know any good\nguidelines or sources?\n\nI've noticed that there may be some irregularities, like here [Why is \"UFO\"\npronounced as if it were a\nword?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18545/why-is-ufo-\npronounced-as-if-it-were-a-word) I'm more or less okay with \"guessing\" the\npronunciation of letters. Still, is there any actual list of the sounds?\n\nAny help is appreciated!",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-14T01:20:34.143",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Pronouncing abbreviations, acronyms, letters? (NHK, CM, JR, A...)",
"view_count": 776
} | [
{
"body": "Most of the acronyms I know are pronounced phonetically as they are in both\nyour example and most of the time in English. However just as English turns\nsome acronyms into their own words, the same happens in Japanese. I can't\nthink of a specifically defined rule and to further muddy the waters, some of\nthese are influenced by some of the people or companies representing them.\n\nYour two examples would most likely (some people would prefer the proper\nJapanese words - such as the second example) be used instead.\n\n`AXQ [AXQ] エイエクスキュー / Ei-eks-kyu` {Unsure of specific example that you are\nreferring to} `JSOC [統合特殊作戦コマンド] ジェイソック / Jei-sok`\n\n> More Examples...\n\n * Acronym [日本語] \n * カタカナハツオン / English pronunciation\n\n> * NASA [米航空宇宙局]\n> * ナサ / Nae-sa\n> * JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) [独立行政法人宇宙航空研究開発機構]\n> * ジャクサー / Ja-ksa\n> * NISA (Nippon Individual Savings Account) [日本少額投資非課税制度]\n> * ニーサ / Ni-sa\n> * MOFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) [外務省]\n> * 外務省 / Mo-fa\n> * ※ Only usually referred to in Japanese as 外務省\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-14T02:35:51.120",
"id": "23767",
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] | 23765 | 23767 | 23767 |
{
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"body": "I know:\n\n * 最近どうですか？\n\n * 最近どう？\n\nto ask, `what's up?`/`how's it going?`.\n\nwhat other ways are they to say _what's up?_ or _how's it going?_\n\n**Slang-y** ways would be nice to know too.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-14T05:36:49.320",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "(Slang) Way's to say: What's Up/How's It Going",
"view_count": 27096
} | [
{
"body": "Casual (to your friend):\n\n * 元気？\n * 元気にしてる？\n * 最近どう？\n * 調子はどう？\n\nA bit polite (to your colleague):\n\n * 元気ですか？\n * 最近どうですか？\n * 調子はどうですか？\n\nPolite, formal:\n\n * お元気ですか？\n * 調子はいかがですか？\n * ご機嫌いかがですか？ (rare; mainly used in fiction by nobles)\n\nSlangy, masculine but respectful (e.g. to a senior in your sport team):\n\n * 元気っすか？\n * 調子どっすか？",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-15T01:09:54.190",
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}
] | 23768 | null | 23777 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23770",
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"body": "I am looking for a shorter word to convey the fact that a customer buys again:\n\n> 去年のお客さんが今年も買ってくれたので、価値があるかと思います\n\nI want to insist on the fact that a customer buying again means that they like\nthe product and think the price is fair.\n\nIt is only the second time they buy, though, so \"regular\" is probably a bit\ntoo strong.\n\nI haven't found anything similar on ALC.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-14T05:46:12.143",
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"tags": [
"business-japanese",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Customer who bought from you in the past, and buys again because they like the product",
"view_count": 362
} | [
{
"body": "* 常連\n * 常連客\n * 常連のお客様\n * お得意様\n * リピーター\n * リピート客\n\n> こちらの化粧品は、常連のお客様もたくさんいらっしゃいます。\n>\n> リピーターを増やすための販売戦略を考える",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-14T05:58:24.930",
"id": "23770",
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"score": 4
}
] | 23769 | 23770 | 23770 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23776",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between 〜くない and 〜くありません? Both are added to an\ni-adjective (イ形容詞, verb type adjective) to make it negative. For example:\n\n * 寒くない\n * 寒くありません\n\nBut what's the difference? Is one more polite or more formal than the other?\n\nIs there a term to use to tell them apart. E.g. One is polite Negative etc.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-14T12:10:09.057",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"adjectives",
"negation",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Adjective negation: difference between 〜くない and 〜くありません",
"view_count": 3038
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{
"body": "* 〜くない (casual)\n * 〜くありません (formal)\n\nIt's basically that simple. So saying 寒くありません is more formal than saying 寒くない.\n\nHowever, I feel that saying 寒くありません is a bit stiff even if you are trying to\nbe polite. Instead, saying 寒くないです sounds more natural and is also more polite\nthan leaving off the です.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 8
}
] | 23772 | 23776 | 23776 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I just learnt about 〜てみる and the book introduced 〜てみたい in an exercise.\n\nI can see the difference between, say, 食べたい and 食べてみたい, but with 行きたい and\n行ってみたい it's not so clear.\n\nWould I be right to assume the first expresses my desire to go somewhere, and\nthe second my desire to go and check out if I like it?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-14T17:53:35.343",
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"owner_user_id": "5423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Difference between 〜てみたい and 〜たい",
"view_count": 5853
} | [
{
"body": "First, whether the main verb is 「[食]{た}べる」 or 「[行]{い}く」, the usages of 「～～たい」\nand 「～～てみたい」 stay the same.\n\nIf I said 「スペインに行ってみたい。」, what should you know as a listener? You should know\nthat:\n\n> 1) I am interested in going to Spain.\n\nAnd also that;\n\n> 2) I have never been to Spain. ← This is an implied **_fact_**.\n\nFrom this simple sentence alone, however, you would not know how much I really\nwant to go there. The chances that I might actually go may or may not be very\nhigh.\n\nNow, what if I said 「スペインに行きたい。」 instead? You would know that:\n\n> 1) I have a fairly strong desire to go to Spain.\n>\n> You would **_not_** know if I have been to Spain before.\n\nTherefore, a person saying 「スペインに行きたい。」 would generally have a higher chance\nof finding himself in Spain in the near future than a person saying\n「スペインに行ってみたい。」.\n\nHere is a children's song that should \"explain\" nicely the nuance of 「～～てみたい」.\nNot many people went abroad at the time this song came out.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlXJEuWqu3I>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-15T00:27:42.410",
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{
"body": "～たい expresses your desire to do something. ～てみる is used to express that you\nwill try something (usually for the first time). so when you put them\ntogether, ～てみたい expresses that you want to try to do something for the first\ntime. (which would imply that you will see if you like it or not). This works\nfor all verbs.\n\n夏休みに日本に行きたいです。 I want to go to Japan during summer vacation.\n\n夏休みに日本に行ってみます。I will try to go to Japan during summer vacation.\n\n夏休みに日本に行ってみたいです。I want to try to go to Japan during summer vacation.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-15T00:42:52.660",
"id": "23775",
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"body": "I would like to add a note on the implications of 〜てみたい. Consider the case of\nthe verb 行く. In a simple sentence such as Ｘに行ってみたい, it may imply you have\nnever been to X before.\n\nIn general, however, it implies that the verbal action is in some sense\nsomething new to you, and that you'd like to experience it. Or in other words,\nif you are `trying out something to see how it is`, you would not have to try\nit out or see how it is if you were familar with it already.\n\nBut perhaps this is better illustrated by examples.\n\n> 行くのはいつも春から秋。 **冬にも行ってみたい。**\n\nThe speaker is saying that he has been there [滝野【たきの】すずらん丘陵公園【きゅうりょうこうえん]\nalready, but only during summer or autumn. He has never experienced it during\nwinter. The speaker would like to pay a visit during winter as well.\n\n>\n> 今年(2014年）初めて熊谷【くまがや】うちわ祭【まつり】に行きました。素晴らしいお祭りでしたが、公式サイトでも、熊谷市のサイトでもスケジュールがほとんどわからず、ＧＰＳの山車・屋台情報も混雑で（？）表示されませんでした。\n> **来年も行ってみたい** のですが事前にある程度詳しい情報を入手できるサイトなどは無いでしょうか？\n\nThe speaker has already been to the festival at _Kumagaya_. However, the\nfestivals from two different years are never the same. The speaker is hoping\nthe logistics will be better next year.\n\n> 《中禅寺湖【ちゅうぜんじこ】》日光の紅葉は経験上、ハズレがなく満足度が高いです。 **今年も行ってみたい。**\n\nSimilar to the above. For all we know this year might be different and it\ncould turn out not be fun; but the speaker is convinced otherwise and wants to\ngo and find out. It could be a new or different experience compared to last\nyear.\n\n> 商業施設での香りが消費者行動に影響:\n>\n> * 「好意的な印象 86.3%」\n> * 「 **また行ってみたい** 70.3%」\n> * 「より長くそのお店にいたい 69.5%」\n>\n\n>\n> ([source](http://www.at-aroma.com/research/pdf/enquete/enquete02.pdf))\n\nA survey on the effect of releasing pleasant fragrances in shops. About 70%\nanswered they would like to go there again. As above, they could find new\nproducts, better prices &c. -- it might be worth a try.\n\n> もう何年も故郷に帰ってない感じがして、ふとした瞬間に「懐かしい **故郷の学校へ行ってみたい**\n> な」と思うような気持ちがして、こう言う時って、誰にでもあると思うんですよ。\n\nObviously the speaker has already been to the school they attended as a child,\nbut many years have passed since. The speaker wants to see his old school\nagain and see what has become of it.\n\n* * *\n\nEspecially the last example shows that the notion of never having done it\nbefore needs to can be rather subtle. The construction 〜てみる adds some sense of\ntrying something new or different or seeing how it is, but the details vary\ndepending on the context.",
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}
] | 23773 | null | 23779 |
{
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"body": "This is from a textbook, the person is trying to explain how his generation is\ndifferent from his father's generation. He says that all his father did was\nwork and save money.\n\n> 自分が楽しむとか、遊ぶために稼ぐとかいう感覚じゃなくて、なんか、ただ稼ぐみたいな感覚で稼いでたんじゃないかなと父を見る時に、ちょっと思って。\n\nThen he says:\n\n> 半分間違っているんじゃないかなと思う部分があるから、 アメリカチック,アメリカナイズされすぎているっていうか。\n\nFrom what I can gather, he is saying that (just working and saving money) is\nhalf wrong, and their working ethics (I suppose?) became too americanised.\n\nAm I correct? What does it mean?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-15T01:23:04.440",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 半分間違っているんじゃないかなと思う部分があるから、アメリカチック,アメリカナイズされすぎているっていうか。",
"view_count": 502
} | [
{
"body": "You are almost correct. And I want to mention some details that you didn't\nmention.\n\nThe first sentence means \"When I observe my father, I somewhat think he feels\nlike he simply earns money, rather than earning money to have fun or enjoy\nhimself.\"\n\nThe first sentence doesn't mention saving money but earning money without any\npurpose to spend (e.g. to have fun).\n\nYou are correct about the second sentence, but I want to mention one thing to\navoid confusion. The second sentence is talking about the father's work ethic\nbeing half-wrong, not having a work ethic in common.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T11:48:41.727",
"id": "23805",
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"parent_id": "23778",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 23778 | null | 23805 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23782",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can't find rules on how commas work with relative clauses.\n\nParagraph [[click for full text]](http://www.natsumesoseki.com/home/yume_juya)\n\n>\n> すると石の下から斜｛はす｝に自分の方へ向いて青い茎｛くき｝が伸びて来た。見る間に長くなってちょうど自分の胸のあたりまで来て留まった。と思うと、すらりと揺｛ゆら｝ぐ茎｛くき｝の頂｛いただき｝に、心持首を傾｛かたぶ｝けていた細長い一輪の蕾｛つぼみ｝が、ふっくらと弁｛はなびら｝を開いた。\n\nProblematic part:\n\nすらりと揺｛ゆら｝ぐ茎｛くき｝の頂｛いただき｝に、心持首を傾｛かたぶ｝けていた細長い一輪の蕾｛つぼみ｝が、ふっくらと弁｛はなびら｝を開いた。\n\nMy understanding of how grammar works here:\n\nX頂にY蕾がA\n\nX and Y are both relative clauses that describe (respectively) the tip and the\nbud. に marks location (the stem's tip), が the active agent (the bud), Y the\nactive agent's action (lit. \"luxuriantly opening petals\") that happens in the\nplace marked by に、 (the stem's tip).\n\nIs this the right way to think about it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-15T11:51:02.287",
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"owner_user_id": "9771",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Commas and relative clauses",
"view_count": 479
} | [
{
"body": "I must say that your understanding of the sentence is 100% accurate.\n\nRules regarding the use of commas around relative clauses (or anywhere for\nthat matter) in Japanese are not nearly as strict as in English. Where to use\ncommas is pretty much left at the discretion of each writer.\n\nThe two commas used in 「すらりと揺ぐ茎の頂に、心持首を傾けていた細長い一輪の蕾が、ふっくらと弁を開いた。」 seem more\nthan reasonable to me. They surely help the readers understand the exact\nstructure of the sentence.\n\nHad the sentence been written in the structure \"subject + location + action\",\nit might well have used only one comma as in\n「心持首を傾けていた細長い一輪の蕾が、すらりと揺ぐ茎の頂にふっくらと弁を開いた。」 even though that still would be the\nauthor's choice instead of ours.\n\nThe comma after 「蕾が」 would not be omitted by almost anyone because the phrase\nmodifying 「蕾」 is fairly long to begin with.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-15T12:39:30.370",
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"score": 5
}
] | 23781 | 23782 | 23782 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23798",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come upon a couple of phrases in Doraemon I quite don't understand.\n\nThe first is said by Nobita's mother, trying to calm Nobita down after finding\nhim freaked out by his first encounter with Doraemon.\n\nShe says:\n\n> よけいな心配しないで、のびのびと育ってね。\n\nI don't quite get the て form at the end. Shouldn't it be 育った (`you were\nraised`)? Also, I wonder if that is a quotation と?\n\nThe second is a bit further on, when Nobita is trying to convince himself that\nthere's nothing to worry about after Doraemon's prediction that he would be\nhanged in 30 minutes time. He says:\n\n> つりたくない者が、つるわけない。\n\nWould it be something like `Even though I don't want to hang, there's no\nreason to think I will.`?\n\n* * *\n\nImage of both pages:\n\n * [First sentence](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XU005.jpg)\n * [Second sentence](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Oaenn.jpg)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-15T14:04:03.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23783",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-04-15T14:46:26.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "3275",
"owner_user_id": "5423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"phrases",
"manga"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「つりたくない者が、つるわけない」 and 「よけいな心配しないで、のびのびと育ってね」",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "> よけいな心配しないで、のびのびと育ってね。\n\nて form at the end of a sentence serves as a command form. The と is a case\nparticle, のびのび is a mimetic word and adverb. The と can be left off.\n\n> つりたくない者が、つるわけない。\n\nAnyone who doesn't want to hang himself, can't possibly hang himself.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T07:13:44.170",
"id": "23798",
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"parent_id": "23783",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 23783 | 23798 | 23798 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23786",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read the title of the article\n[キタシロサイ、地球にたった1匹のオス、24時間体制で守られる](http://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2015/04/15/last-\nmale-northern-white-rhin_n_7067626.html?utm_hp_ref=japan) as \n\"The last male rhino on earth **is being protected** by a system that is\nactive 24-hrs per day.\"\n\nThe \" _...is being protected..._ \" makes me want to say \"...守られ **ている** \"\n\n 1. Were the title: \"キタシロサイ、地球にたった1匹のオス、24時間体制で守られ **ている** \", how would the meaning change?\n 2. Were space not an issue, would the continuous tense have been used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-15T15:35:18.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23785",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-15T16:09:55.840",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9509",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "why does the following title end \"...守られる\" and not \"守られている\"? just to save space?",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "It is **_headline grammar_** , not \"regular\" grammar. Words are often omitted\nintentionally in article headlines in Japanese just as in English.\n\nIn English, you would see \"[Name] Shot Dead\" instead of \"[Name] Has Been Shot\nDead\" as a headline, would you not?\n\n> 1.Were the title: \"キタシロサイ、地球にたった1匹のオス、24時間体制で守られ ている \", how would the\n> meaning change?\n\nThe meaning would stay the same, but it would sound pretty awkward as a\nheadline; It is just too long.\n\n(For fairness, I wonder why you did not mention the absence of a subject\nmarker as well. That, too, is intentional. No は/が in headlines, generally.)\n\n> 2.Were space not an issue, would the continuous tense have been used?\n\nNo, for the reason I stated above, it would not have.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-15T15:55:56.530",
"id": "23786",
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}
] | 23785 | 23786 | 23786 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23794",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm studying Japanese adjectives right now, and I see that adjectives can be\nformed to refer to past tense.\n\nFor example, 自転車は楽だったです。\n\nSo, I'm trying to understand a little bit better how the ～だった works. Is it\nused like, \"the bike used to be comfortable\", or \"the bike (I was riding) was\ncomfortable (when I was riding it).\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-15T16:05:07.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23787",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-16T00:29:05.247",
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"owner_user_id": "9857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How is the past tense in this sentence translated?",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[自転車]{じてんしゃ}は[楽]{らく}だったです。」\n\n**This is ungrammatical**. As a Japanese-speaker, I do know that a few of us\nwould actually say it, but if one said or wrote it in school, it would\ncertainly be corrected.\n\nThe correct sentence would be:\n\n> 「自転車は楽でした。」 or\n>\n> 「自転車は楽だった。」\n\nThe former is a little politer than the latter.\n\nNow, onto how to translate it..\n\nTo tell the truth, it is rather difficult without context. A very short\nsentence/phrase like this can mean a few different things without any context\nto go with it.\n\nWithout context, most native speakers would think of the following.\n\n> \"The bicycle ride was comfortable.\"\n>\n> \"The bike felt comfortable.\"\n>\n> \"(Going there by) bicycle was easier (than doing so by other methods of\n> transportation).\"\n\n**It would not be taken to include the meaning of \"used to\" unless the context\nclearly suggested it. It would be taken to refer to the simple \"near\" past.**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T00:29:05.247",
"id": "23794",
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] | 23787 | 23794 | 23794 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23792",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there a difference between these two sentences\n\n> 昨日はビールを飲んでパイを食べました。\n>\n> 昨日はビールを飲みパイを食べました。\n\nMore generally, when should I choose one form over the other?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-15T17:28:28.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23789",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-16T00:38:35.380",
"last_edit_date": "2022-07-15T22:52:54.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"て-form"
],
"title": "て versus combining-form for joining clauses",
"view_count": 2654
} | [
{
"body": "**EDIT:**\n\nSo it seems **my original answer was incorrect**. For the semantics of ～て\nlinkage, please see [this article](http://hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/TE.pdf)\n(many thanks to @snailboat).\n\nRegarding the actual question, I believe verb stems and ～て are very similar\n(perhaps interchangeable) in terms of semantics. However, according to my\ntextbook (titled _Tobira: Gateway to Advanced Japanese Learning through\nContent and Multimedia_ ) and Kyle's answer, the verb stem is associated with\nformality and as such, it is more often seen in formal writing.\n\nIf you would like to imply or emphasize the ordering of a sequence of\nactivities, a ~てから construct can be used (there are other options too).\n\n> 朝【あさ】ご飯【はん】を食【た】べてテレビを見【み】ました。 \n> \" _subject_ ate breakfast and watched TV. (in no particular order)\"\n\n> 朝【あさ】ご飯【はん】を食【た】べテレビを見【み】ました。 \n> \" _subject_ ate breakfast and watched TV. (in no particular order)\"\n\n> 朝【あさ】ご飯【はん】を食【た】べてからテレビを見【み】ました。 \n> \"after eating breakfast, _subject_ watched TV.\"\n\n* * *\n\n**Original (Incorrect!) Answer**\n\n> The first sentence:\n>\n\n>> 昨日はビールを飲んでパイを食べました。\n\n>\n> implies that you drank beer, **and then** ate pie.\n>\n> On the other hand, the second sentence:\n>\n\n>> 昨日はビールを飲みパイを食べました。\n\n>\n> does not imply anything about the order in which you performed the two\n> actions. It could be translated as \"drank beer and ate pie\", or \"ate pie and\n> drank beer\".\n>\n> In other words, **using ~て to join sentences implies temporal ordering**. As\n> a result, it is usually used to convey a sequence of actions, whether they\n> take place in the past, present, or future.\n>\n> See [this\n> answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2934/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F-vs-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A6-and-\n> stem-form-vs-%E3%81%A6form-as-conjunctions)",
"comment_count": 12,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-15T21:39:58.217",
"id": "23792",
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"score": 7
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{
"body": "The conjunctive form (aka pre-ます form) sounds more\ndry/learned/erudite/scholarly/formal. I hate all of those adjectives to\ndescribe it, but I think you know what I mean. It's of a higher register than\nthe て form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T06:29:27.703",
"id": "23796",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] | 23789 | 23792 | 23796 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> （1）“日本では美味しい和食が食べられる”\n>\n> （2）“日本は美味しい和食が食べられる”\n\nどっちも使えるんですね。意味もわかりますけど、もうちょっと詳しい文法を知りたいです。\n\n私はこう思います(正しいかどうかわからない)：\n\n> “日本では美味しい和食が食べられる” ⇒ “私は日本で美味しい和食が食べられる” から\n> 変わった文です。(この場合主語がつくと、自然な日本語とは思わないけど、私にとってもっと理解しやすいと思う。)\n>\n> “日本は美味しい和食が食べられる” ⇒ “私は日本で美味しい和食が食べられる” から 変わった文ではなく ”日本は私は美味しい和食を食べられる” から\n> 変わった文です。\n\n私は、他には “へは には とは etc” と “は” だけ を比べる場合も この例文と同じだと思います。\n最後に、日本語が下手ですので、私が言ってる意味が先生たちに分かるかどうかちょっと心配してますので、英語でもっと説明します。\n\nI think that the phrase \"日本は\" in sentence（1）is just like the meaning of \"about\nJapan\" in English and doesn`t emphasize \"where\". If I try to translate it, I\nthink it would be \"About Japan, I can eat delicious Japanese food there\"）\n\nAnd, the \"日本では\" in sentence（2）, I think, the meaning would be \"In Japan\" and\nsomehow with kind of emphasis about that. If I translate it, I think it would\nbe \"In Japan, I can eat delicious Japanese food.\"\n\nAnd, in other cases, I think we also can apply the same rule to them, like\n“日本は旅行に行きたいです” is kind of like \"About Japan, I want to go there.\" And,\n“日本には旅行に行きたいです” is like \"I want to go to Japan.\"\n\nI know I barely hear “日本は旅行に行きたいです” because of the lack of \"に\", but in some\ncases, “に と へ etc” are optional and don't play an important role.\n\nSo, Finally, I want to know the ideas from you guys because all of the\nexplanations above are just my opinions. No matter what I said is correct or\nnot, I hope you guys will explain the grammars to me. Thank you very much.\n質問が多くてすみません。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-04-15T17:54:01.407",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "「日本では美味しい和食が食べられる」と「日本は美味しい和食が食べられる」は違う？",
"view_count": 327
} | [
{
"body": "> （1）“[日本]{にほん} **では** [美味]{おい}しい[和食]{わしょく}が[食]{た}べられる”\n>\n> （2）“日本 **は** 美味しい和食が食べられる”\n\nThe difference, the way I see it, is that while (1) is a complete sentence by\nany standard, (2) would only be considered a complete sentence by the standard\nof informal and/or colloquial speech.\n\n「日本 **では** おいしい和食が食べられる。」, without adding anything, is simply a good and\nnatural-sounding sentence all by itself. I am unsure as to why you think it is\nstrange. (Sorry, I personally do not write 「おいしい」 using kanji.)\n\n「日本 **は** おいしい和食が食べられる。」, while any Japanese-speaker would understand it if\nyou said it, just leaves a feeling of unnaturalness and incompleteness in\none's ear. It would become a complete and more natural-sounding sentence if\none added words to it as in:\n\n「日本 **は** おいしい和食が食べられる **国です** 。」\n\n「日本 **は** おいしい和食が食べられる **ので、[大好]{だいす}きです** 。」\n\n「日本 **は** おいしい和食が食べられる **ので、[毎年行]{まいとしい}きます** 。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T07:28:22.347",
"id": "23801",
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},
{
"body": "Roughly saying, you're right.\n\nCompared with 日本では…, the sentence with 日本は… lacks solid image of a grammatical\ncase, and are likely to appear along with another sentence in which 日本 doesn't\nfunction as a locative case.\n\ne.g. 旅行するならどこだろうか？ 日本だろうか？ 日本は美味しい和食が食べられる・・・\n\nYou say 日本で美味しい和食が食べられる” から 変わった文, but whether what you say is right or not\ndepends on what you mean by 変わった. If you mean \"topicalized\", you are right.\nHowever, if you mean \"interchangeable\", it's not.\n\nOff topic; 「どっちも使えるんですね」は「どっちも使えるんです **よ** ね」としてください。",
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"creation_date": "2015-04-16T11:46:52.627",
"id": "23804",
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"score": 3
}
] | 23790 | null | 23804 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23795",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When reading manga, I frequently notice that I have no idea what a character\nsays. This is not because I do not know what the kanji is, rather it is very\ndifficult for me to decipher what the kanji looks like. In printed manga, I\nmeasured that printed kanji are often times 4mm in width and just 2mm in\nlength. This is exceptionally apparent with kanji that have increased strokes\nand are more intricate than others (亭 vs. 璽).\n\nNow this is only really apparent to printed kanji (such as newspapers, manga,\netc.) as\n\n * a) When ink is involved in printing, intricate characters can appear to run together or strokes can become quite close together.\n * b) Characters on things like computer screens are more clear, not as small and can be magnified.\n\nNow I attempted to perform a search on this topic online, and I found nothing.\nI am hypothesizing that maybe native and experienced speakers just recognize\nthe kanji more easily? Are these problems experienced by others, and how can\nthis be dealt with?\n\nEDIT: Here's an example (however, this is not the same as it is on a computer\nscreen):  (blue arrow indicated\neasy to read kanji, red is more difficult)",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-15T22:17:34.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23793",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-04-15T23:32:58.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "9794",
"owner_user_id": "9794",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"readings",
"publishing"
],
"title": "How is character size dealt with?",
"view_count": 1537
} | [
{
"body": "Thanks to @firtree and the other users in the comments for helping me with\nthis. I'll re-post specifically what @firtree stated:\n\n> I'm afraid that it would always be hard to read the small-font kanji. Native\n> speakers learn lots of kanji by heart, and see them many times, so they\n> recognize them even with unreadable strokes, from the general outline.\n> That's where the non-square contour actually helps. Also the character\n> density pattern helps. And other characters around could help to guess the\n> whole word, which takes a vast knowledge of vocabulary. So you can try to\n> read easier tests with bigger font size and simpler kanji (like 1-6 grades),\n> and see forward to improve your skills.\n\nPractice, memorization and increased familiarity, looking for radicals and\ngeneral outlines can all help in identifying small-font kanji.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T01:12:07.617",
"id": "23795",
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}
] | 23793 | 23795 | 23795 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23800",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence containing the phrase.\n\nちと 忠告【ちゅうこく】 **しにたちよったんじゃ** 。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T07:21:58.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23799",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-16T07:58:15.010",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of ～しにたちよったんじゃ?",
"view_count": 292
} | [
{
"body": "It's ちょっと忠告しに、立ち寄ったんだ。 （I just dropped by to give you a piece of advice. ） in\na regional dialect or the role language for old speakers.\n\n~~しに means するために, \"(in order) to~~\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T07:27:27.450",
"id": "23800",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-04-16T07:58:15.010",
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"parent_id": "23799",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] | 23799 | 23800 | 23800 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23803",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering how I would say to someone that they can reach me at this\nemail address or they can mail me here at this email address.\n\nI would guess it would use the potential form of send for something like\n\n> あなたは メールを [email protected]まで おくれます。\n\nIs this correct? Or how could I say it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T09:21:23.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23802",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-16T09:46:05.387",
"last_edit_date": "2015-04-16T09:42:35.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "3275",
"owner_user_id": "7952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"email"
],
"title": "How to say \"email me at this mail address\"?",
"view_count": 5760
} | [
{
"body": "There are several ways to say it. Some of the common ways would be\n\n「[email protected]までメールください。」 \n「メールはこのアドレスまで（お願いします）。[email protected]」 \n「メールは下記アドレスまで。[email protected]」 \n「メールはこちらへどうぞ。[email protected]」\n\nTo a friend, you would say\n\n「ここにメールしてね。[email protected]」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T09:46:05.387",
"id": "23803",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-16T09:46:05.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "23802",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 23802 | 23803 | 23803 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23814",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Off these excerpts from\n[夢十夜](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/799_14972.html):\n\nA 「田圃｛たんぼ｝へかかったね」と背中で云った。\n\nB 「どうして解る」と顔を後うしろへ振り向ける **ようにして** 聞いたら、\n\nA 「だって鷺｛さぎ｝が鳴くじゃないか」と答えた。\n\n\"asked **by** turning my head towards my back\"?\n\nこの時代の藁沓は深いものであった。立つと膝頭｛ひざがしら｝まで来た。その端｛はし｝の所は藁｛わら｝を少し編残｛あみのこ｝して、房のように下げて、歩くとばらばら動く\n**ようにして** 、飾りとしていた。\n\n\"decorated **in the manner of** \"?\n\nHow does ようにして work in general?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T11:51:40.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23806",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-16T16:14:22.337",
"last_edit_date": "2015-04-16T11:57:57.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "9771",
"owner_user_id": "9771",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does ようにして work when followed by a verb/al?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "We have _**two very different**_ usages of 「ようにして」 here.\n\n> 「[顔]{かお}をうしろへ[振]{ふ}り[向]{む}け る **ようにして** [聞]{き}いた」\n>\n> \"asked **by** turning my head towards my back\"?\n\n_**Yes**_ if you mean he turned his head just a little, but _**no**_ if you\nmean he turned his head around anywhere close to 180 degrees.\n\n「ように」 was used because he did **not** turn his head that much. Here, 「よう」=\n\"like\".\n\nHad he actually turned anywhere completely around, the author would have used\na phrase like 「振り向けて聞いた」 without 「ようにして」.\n\n> 「[歩]{ある}くとばらばら[動]{うご}く **ようにして** 、[飾]{かざ}りとしていた」\n>\n> \"decorated in the manner of\"?\n\nNot exactly, but the \"in the manner of\" part is not far off. A more versatile\ntranslation of 「ように」 in this context would be \" **so that** \".\n\n”They made the top part so that it rustled when you walked and they (also)\nused it (the top part) as a decoration.\"\n\n> How does ようにして work in general?\n\nThat is too broad a question, really, but what @user4092 says in the comment\nabove summarizes it well -- \"so that\" and \"as if\". Those should work at least\nmost of the time.\n\nThe meaning mostly depends on the relationship between the two verb phrases\nthat sandwich 「ようにして」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T16:14:22.337",
"id": "23814",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-16T16:14:22.337",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "23806",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 23806 | 23814 | 23814 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "23913",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "An exchange goes like this 「from\n[第三夢](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/799_14972.html)」:\n\n> A「どうも盲目は不自由でいけないね」と云った。\n>\n> B「だから負おぶってやるからいいじゃないか」\n>\n> A「負ぶって貰もらってすまないが、どうも人に馬鹿にされていけない。 **親にまで馬鹿にされるからいけない** 」\n\nI thought the first [subordinate] clause ended at 馬鹿にされる, so compound particle\nにまで (?) would apply to 馬鹿にされる to mean \"even my father makes a fool of me\",\nbefore the sub.conjunction から followed by いけない [main clause] to show speaker's\ndiscontent at 親にまで馬鹿にされる.\n\nSomething like\n\n> I don't like that **even** my father looks down on me.\n\nHowever, the [English\ntranslation](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1568364156) goes:\n\n> And I **particularly** do not like being looked down on by my own father.\n\nThis means 親にまで applies to いけない instead of 馬鹿にされる, leading to a totally\ndifferent translation. This implies から here must be a particle (??) instead of\na conjunction.\n\nWhat's going on here?\n\nIn simple terms, do I look at it as\n\n> [親にまで馬鹿にされる]からいけない\n>\n> or [親にまで馬鹿にされるからいけない]\n\nAnd why?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T13:04:27.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "23807",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-22T08:33:30.580",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9771",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "How is から used here?",
"view_count": 353
} | [
{
"body": "Edit: How about reading it this way: \n「[親にまで馬鹿にされるから]いけない。」 = 「親にまで馬鹿にされるからいやだ・馬鹿にされるのがいけない・いやだ。」 (Lit. It's no good\nsince you're made a fool of even by your own parent. I hate it that I'm made a\nfool of even by my own parent.)\n\n* * *\n\nIt's saying 「[親にまで馬鹿にされるから]（盲目は）いけない。」(Lit. I am looked down on even by my own\nparent, so being blind is not good.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-16T13:25:59.353",
"id": "23809",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-16T15:27:00.483",
"last_edit_date": "2015-04-16T15:27:00.483",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "23807",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 「どうも[人]{ひと}に[馬鹿]{ばか}にされていけない。 **[親]{おや}にまで馬鹿にされるからいけない** 」\n\nThe translation that your book gives you for the last half is:\n\n> \"And I **_particularly_** do not like being looked down on by my own\n> father.\"\n\nIn this case, the \"particularly\" part of the translation is NOT literal. It\nis, however, contextually clearly implied.\n\nThe first half tells us that the speaker is looked down on by people in\ngeneral -- 「人に馬鹿にされる」. Then he talks about being looked down on by his own\nfather.\n\nHe is implying **_\"Of all people, why your own father?\"_** and that would be\nwhat this translator wanted to convey by using the word \"particularly\" IMHO.\n\nThe use of 「から」 here is quite normal. It is a conjunctive particle expressing\na reason or cause. 「から」 is not a conjunction; It is a particle. You may be\nthinking of 「だから」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-04-22T08:33:30.580",
"id": "23913",
"last_activity_date": "2015-04-22T08:33:30.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "23807",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 23807 | 23913 | 23809 |
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