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{
"accepted_answer_id": "24854",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering the nuance between those words.\n\n天 seems to have a more mystical flavour (like in the word 天上).\n\nI don't get the nuance between 空/大空 and 地/大地.\n\n土地 seems to be a smaller/more localised land than the other two.\n\n**Feel free to edit my post and add any related word that seems relevant.**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T10:21:35.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24853",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-07T10:49:52.270",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-07T10:28:33.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "4822",
"owner_user_id": "4822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Nuance between 天, 空 and 大空 and between 地, 大地 and 土地",
"view_count": 488
} | [
{
"body": "空 and 大空 both mean the same thing, but 大空 emphases the vastness of the sky.\nAnalogous to that, 地 and 大地 mean the same thing, but 大地 stresses the size of\nthe land/earth.\n\n天 has a nuance of being distant to or above earth and it is the word you would\nused to contrast against it: 地と天. For that reason, it should not be surprising\nthat it can also mean heaven.\n\nA recommendation for the future: I personally think the goo 類語 dictionary is\nvery great to quickly get an overview over the differences of similar words (I\nalso used them for reference here), see\n[空(そら)／大空(おおぞら)](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/thsrs/12181/m0u/%E5%A4%A7%E7%A9%BA/)\nand\n[地(ち)／大地(だいち)／土(つち)](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/thsrs/12226/m0u/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0/).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T10:49:52.270",
"id": "24854",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-07T10:49:52.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4289",
"parent_id": "24853",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] | 24853 | 24854 | 24854 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24858",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My question is about the differences when using という in a question compared to\nwithout.\n\nTake for example the 4 questions below\n\n> 何があったというのだ？ \n> 何があったのだ？ \n> 何かが始まるというの？ \n> 何かが始まるの？\n\nThe two questions with という were said by characters to themselves and were said\nbecause they thought that something is/is about to happen due to their\nbirthmarks shining. Does the usage of という have any relevance to the way the\ninformation has been obtained before they ask the question or is it purely for\nemphasis or some other usage?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T11:50:28.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24856",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-13T12:25:30.120",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-07T13:21:18.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10273",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"questions",
"quotes"
],
"title": "The usage of という in questions",
"view_count": 536
} | [
{
"body": "「～～というのだ」、「～～というの」、「～～というのか」, etc. added at the end of a question generally\nfunctions to **_emphasize_** the question itself.\n\nBy adding one of those phrases, you are expressing the fact that you\n**really** want to know the answer because whatever happened that caused you\nto ask the question perplexes, surprises, shocks you, etc.\n\nThus, you will not attach one of those phrases just to ask someone what he had\nfor lunch or where he got his new haircut. You probably will attach one,\nhowever, if you see a friend coming out of a restaurant looking very sick or\nbump into him with the weirdest haircut.\n\n> Does the usage of という have any relevance to the way the information has been\n> obtained before they ask the question or is it purely for emphasis or some\n> other usage?\n\nI find this to be a very insightful question. In real life, the way the\ninformation has been obtained would generally have very little to do with the\nuse of 「という」. It is the content of the event/situation that matters such as\nhow puzzling it is.\n\nIn this particular case, however, it is fiction where those questions are\nuttered. \"Birthmarks shining\" is a highly peculiar event: therefore, one could\nsay that the way the information has been obtained would have much to do with\nthe use of 「という」 here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T12:28:40.353",
"id": "24858",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-13T12:25:30.120",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-13T12:25:30.120",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "24856",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 24856 | 24858 | 24858 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24860",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How can I simplify what the student said in the following dialogue?\n\n> 先生：昨日何をしましたか。\n>\n> 学生：お菓子を食べながら日本語を勉強したり、テレビを見ながら日本語を勉強したり、お酒を飲みなが\n> ら日本語を勉強したり、音楽を聞きながら日本語を勉強したり、寝たりしました。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T12:28:21.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24857",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-08T07:23:20.690",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to simplify a sentence with multiple ながら + たり?",
"view_count": 458
} | [
{
"body": ">\n> お菓子を食べながら日本語を勉強したり、テレビを見ながら日本語を勉強したり、お酒を飲みながら日本語を勉強したり、音楽を聞きながら日本語を勉強したり、寝たりしました。\n\nSo I think you're trying to say that you did these things:\n\n1 お菓子を食べながら日本語を勉強した \n2 テレビを見ながら日本語を勉強した \n3 お酒を飲みながら日本語を勉強した \n4 音楽を聞きながら日本語を勉強した \n5 寝た\n\nAnd you wrote it this way:\n\n> (1)たり(2)たり(3)たり(4)たり(5)たりしました。\n\nTo avoid repeating 日本語を勉強した, I think you can think it as:\n\n1 (1'お菓子を食べる)+(2'テレビを見る)+(3'お酒を飲む)+(4'音楽を聴く)+ながら日本語を勉強した \n2 寝た\n\nand rewrite it as:\n\n> [(1')たり(2')たり(3')たり(4')たり]しながら日本語を勉強して、(2)ました。 \n> (I studied while doing (1')(2')(3')and(4'), and did (2).)\n\nthen you'll have:\n\n> お菓子を食べたり、テレビを見たり、お酒を飲んだり、音楽を聞いたりしながら、日本語を勉強して、寝ました。\n\nThis is like \"I studied while eating snacks, watching tv, drinking sake, and\nlistening to music, and then went to bed\".\n\nIf you want to say you took a nap while studying, how about:\n\n> お菓子を食べたり、テレビを見たり、お酒を飲んだり、音楽を聞いたりしながら、日本語を勉強しました。昼寝もしました。\n\nI studied while eating snacks, watching tv, drinking sake, and listening to\nmusic. I took a nap, too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T13:01:22.843",
"id": "24859",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-08T07:23:20.690",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-08T07:23:20.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "24857",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "> 「お菓子を食べ **ながら** 日本語を勉強し **たり** 、テレビを見 **ながら** 日本語を勉強し **たり** 、お酒を飲み **ながら**\n> 日本語を勉強し **たり** 、音楽を聞き **ながら** 日本語を勉強し **たり** 、寝 **たり** しました。」\n\nThe biggest issue with that long sentence clearly is the overuse of 「たり」 and\n「ながら」, which is making the sentence look kinda sloppy. What is worse, you are,\nwithout exaggeration, mostly saying 「日本語の勉強」 when you are not saying 「たり」 and\n「ながら」.\n\nThus, we need a **_major_** operation in order to make it sound like it was\nwritten by an adult speaker.\n\nFor starters, I would suggest something like:\n\n> 「（[主]{おも}に）日本語の勉強や[昼寝]{ひるね}をしていました。勉強は、テレビを見 **たり** 、お菓子を食べ **ながら**\n> とか、お酒を飲み、音楽を聞き **ながら** しました。」\n\n(I know that is not the kind of sentence a Japanese-learner could arrive at,\nbut hard as I try, I cannot write like a Japanese-learner. I almost wish I\ncould, though.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T14:26:41.370",
"id": "24860",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-07T14:26:41.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "24857",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 24857 | 24860 | 24860 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24862",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading a graded reader about the 地蔵（じぞう）folktale. The おじいさん gets to the\nstatues and finds them with snow on their heads and bodies. He removes the\nsnow from them and places hats on five out of six of them. Then he says:\nあれ、困りましたねえ. After that, he realizes there's one left without a hat, he takes\nhis off and places it on it's head. My question is, when he says 困りました, does\nhe mean he was troubled before he put the hats on the five statues, and after\nthat he wasn't? Or that he's troubled because there's one without a hat left?\nI think it's the former, and if it were the latter, it would be 困っています. Is\nthat assumption correct?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T15:47:50.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24861",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-15T01:56:46.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "困りました or 困っています",
"view_count": 287
} | [
{
"body": "It sounds like he said it after he realized there's one without a hat. In\ndaily speech people say 困った to themselves or about someone else at the moment\nthey realize something's wrong. Saying 困っています sounds like you're asking for\nsome kind of long term help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T16:58:21.817",
"id": "24862",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-07T16:58:21.817",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10274",
"parent_id": "24861",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> My question is, when he says 困りました, does he mean he was troubled before he\n> put the hats on the five statues, and after that he wasn't? Or that he's\n> troubled because there's one without a hat left? I think it's the former,\n> and if it were the latter, it would be 困っています. Is that assumption correct?\n\nThink of 困りましたねえ、or こまったねぇ, is an idiom and you are better off not dissecting\nit. Simlpy think of the phrase as\n\n\"Oh no. This won't do.\"\n\nおじいさん simply encountered a six-statue-and-five-hat situation, laments it, and\nthen finds a solution. No more, no less going on. It's an idiom. It's sort of\nlike how you are better off not dissecting \"You are welcome.\" and wonder what\nis being welcomed and such.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-15T01:56:46.737",
"id": "86633",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-15T01:56:46.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14444",
"parent_id": "24861",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 24861 | 24862 | 24862 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24908",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The usual spelling would be hiragana for the first part and kanji for the\nsecond, but the spellings 貴女（方）(if the addressee is female) and 貴男（方）(if the\naddressee is male) are also in use. On to my question: the spelling 貴方 is more\ncommon than either, but then how would you write あなた方? My IME offers 貴方方, but\nthat looks rather clunky. It doesn't offer 貴方々, but I can find examples of\nthat spelling. Would the first or second spelling be more common? (As I've\nsaid, the _most_ common is あなた方)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T19:52:20.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24863",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-29T07:59:33.817",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"spelling"
],
"title": "Spellings of あなた（がた）",
"view_count": 302
} | [
{
"body": "It would depend, but 「あなた方」 would usually be fine. I simplify a bit, but\noverusing kanji when not needed is not preferable in everyday text. Not saying\n「貴方方」would be taken bad in anyway, just have the master nit pickers frown.\n\nThis isn't something major or thought about normally, but in newspapers and\nsuch, they will usually use\n\n「たぶん」over「多分」\n\n「こちら」over「此方」\n\n「または」over「又は」\n\nAs for 「貴方々」that is most likely a typo, since having 々 after a kanji means\nrepeating that letter, there is a word「方々」, but in this case it's\n「貴方」(you)[方](people）",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T01:50:17.363",
"id": "24908",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-19T23:01:10.313",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-19T23:01:10.313",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4991",
"parent_id": "24863",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 24863 | 24908 | 24908 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24865",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How can I express the nuance \"I 'find' studying Japanese interesting\"?\n\n> 日本語を勉強していることが面白い\n>\n> Studying Japanese is interesting\n>\n> 日本語を勉強していることが面白いと思う\n>\n> I think studying Japanese is interesting\n\nThe difference in nuance in English is that when you 'find something\ninteresting' it implies you have some experience in the activity. This nuance\nis not conveyed by the above sentences (in English at least).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T20:39:13.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24864",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-09T06:50:07.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "How to express that you \"find\" something boring, interesting etc",
"view_count": 2144
} | [
{
"body": "日本語を勉強していることが面白い doesn't really mean \"studying Japanese is interesting\", it\nsounds like \"I find it interesting/odd that he/she is studying Japanese\".\n\n\"I find studying Japanese interesting\" can be expressed as \"（私は）日本語を勉強するのが面白い\"\n(or …勉強することが…). If you add …と思う, you can still express the same thing. But\nit's ambiguous and can also mean \"I think it's studying Japanese that is\ninteresting\". If you insert な after 面白い, i.e.日本語を勉強するのが面白いなと思う, you can get\nrid of the ambiguiry and it means \"I find studying Japanese interesting/fun\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-07T22:35:38.640",
"id": "24865",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-07T22:35:38.640",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> Studying Japanese is interesting.\n\nYou can say it as:\n\n> 日本語を勉強するのは面白い。 \n> 日本語を勉強することは面白い。\n\nI think it'd be more natural to say it as:\n\n> 日本語の勉強は面白い。\n\nwhich literally means \"Study of Japanese is interesting.\"\n\n> I think studying Japanese is interesting.\n\nSo you can say it as:\n\n> 日本語を勉強することは面白いと思う。 \n> 日本語を勉強するのは面白いと思う。 \n> 日本語の勉強は面白いと思う。(← I think this is more natural)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-08T06:26:27.320",
"id": "24873",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-09T06:50:07.487",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-09T06:50:07.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "24864",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 24864 | 24865 | 24865 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24869",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 日本語 **を** 話す \n> 日本語 **で** 話す\n\nI found that those two sentences can be translated as \"I speak Japanese\". Is\nthere a difference regarding the particles?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-08T01:01:35.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24866",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-08T02:32:12.547",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-08T01:16:39.667",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Difference between を話す and で話す",
"view_count": 765
} | [
{
"body": "On the one hand, `を` in this case indicates the direct object. You are talking\nJapanese.\n\nOn the other hand `で` indicates the means by which you accomplish the action.\nYou are talking in Japanese, or talking using Japanese.\n\nNote that both sentences could be extended :\n\n * `電話で日本語を話す` : I talk Japanese on the phone (using the phone).\n * `日本語で起{お}こった事｛こと｝を話す` : I talk in Japanese (about) what happened.\n * `事実{じじつ}を話す` : To speak the truth\n\nNote that the second example is not the most natural, you would often use について\nor に関{かん}して to indicate the topic.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-08T02:32:12.547",
"id": "24869",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3614",
"parent_id": "24866",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 24866 | 24869 | 24869 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24870",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "At the store the other day, a toddler walked by and called me おじさん. I know\nthis is a generic \"mister\" for children toward middle-aged adults. I'm\nwondering if there's an equivalent generic word for adults toward children?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-08T02:09:34.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24867",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-08T16:41:07.027",
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"owner_user_id": "8042",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Generic title for children?",
"view_count": 602
} | [
{
"body": "There are several generic word for children, and we can call toddlers like:\n\n`ぼく (Only for boys, popular)`\n\n`わたし (Not only but especially for girls)`\n\nExample:\n\n> ぼくはどこからきたの? (Where did you come from?)\n>\n> ぼく/わたしのおなまえは? (What's your name?)\n\nAdditionally, for schoolchildren (older than toddlers), we can call them\n`[君]{きみ}`. Usage of `君` is really wide. With `君`, you can call persons younger\nthan you.\n\nExample:\n\n> [君]{きみ}はどこから[来]{き}たの? (Where did you come from?)\n\n## EDIT\n\n### Robert's question\n\nQ. `ぼく would sound as if I was referring to myself.`\n\nWhy Japanese people call toddler boy `ぼく` is that, the usage of original `僕`,\na FIRST person pronoun, had been varied in long Japanese history.\n\nSome SECOND person pronouns are imported from first person pronouns. Examples\nare: `お[前]{まえ}`, `[手前]{てまえ} (てめえ)`. Case of `ぼく` can also be applied to this,\nbut this is a special case anyway. You can say `ぼく` only for toddler boys.\n\n### Some additional suggestion\n\nAs you can read in comments, `お[兄]{にい}ちゃん` and `お[姉]{ねえ}ちゃん` can be used in\nsome case but it can't be used for toddlers. `[坊]{ぼう}や` is more suitable for\nthis _toddler_ case. `[坊主]{ぼうず}` sounds funny and can also be used but it\nsounds rough.\n\n## See also\n\n[Wikipedia -\n日本語の一人称代名詞](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E)\n\n[Wikipedia -\n日本語の二人称代名詞](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E)",
"comment_count": 12,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-08T02:45:16.903",
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{
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"body": ">\n> [思い切って「妊娠してるの」と告げると彼は「俺の子だと言うのか？」と言った。](http://classic.jisho.org/sentences?jap=%E6%80%9D%E3%81%84%E5%88%87%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%80%8C%E5%A6%8A%E5%A8%A0%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E5%91%8A%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E5%BD%BC%E3%81%AF%E3%80%8C%E4%BF%BA%E3%81%AE%E5%AD%90%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82&eng=)\n>\n> When I braced myself and said, \"I'm pregnant\" he said \"Are you saying it's\n> mine?\"\n\nThe translation puzzles me. \"Saying\" would normally be used for 言っている, but it\nis used for 言う instead. A case could be made that the translation is being\nliberal, but other example sentences make me suspicious:\n\n>\n> [どうして謝るのですか](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E8%AC%9D%E3%82%8B%22)\n>\n> Why are you apologizing?\n\nPerhaps, there are more bad translations than I thought, but even then, there\nare cases where I cannot think that the present tense of a verb is anything\nbut progressive. For example, [there is this\ntrailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbqOCoBkGvg) (the example sentence is\nat 4:29)\n\n> もう。何を言わせるのよ\n\nSo, when 言う is translated as \"saying,\" particularly in dramatic situations\nsuch as 「私はダメだと言うの？」 is it a liberal translation and they really mean habitual\naction or is it literally \"saying?\"",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
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"title": "Why is \"saying\" used for the translation of 言う?",
"view_count": 180
} | [
{
"body": "This is just a result of you trying to map English onto Japanese. It's fine to\nsay these in Japanese, but because of the subtle differences in the ways\nEnglish and Japanese can handle verb tenses, the translation to English\nchanges it into a progressive \"ing\" despite it being hammered into our brains\nin Japanese 101 that \"ing\" is for \"ている.\"\n\nRather, what would _you_ suggest as an alternative translation? For どうして謝る\nwould you say \"Why do you apologize?\" I'd wager that you would agree that \"why\nare you apologizing?\" is more natural/better than \"why do you apologize?\"",
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"body": "What's the difference between \"怪しい\" and \"疑わしい\"?\n\nThe two entries in weblio are similar\n([怪しい](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E6%80%AA%E3%81%97%E3%81%84) versus\n[疑わしい](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%96%91%E3%82%8F%E3%81%97%E3%81%84)).\n\nApparently, they're similar enough that\n[dictionary.goo.ne.jp](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/thsrs/3345/m0u/) has a\nguide for distinguishing the two words (along with two other words), but it's\nin Japanese and Google Translate doesn't do a good job of translating it.\n\nAs background, it's being used to describe an ad that had a stated\nrequirement, but where it's suspected the creator of the ad had an ulterior\nmotive in mind. \"疑わしいアド\" was used in my original version of an online post,\nwhereas \"怪しい求人\" was suggested by a native speaker of Japanese.\n\nI've just discovered that Wiktionary has some info on distinguishing the terms\n(order reversed for ease of reading):\n\n> 怪あやしい (ayashii) implies something for which the true nature isn't known, and\n> this uncertainty is a bad thing.\n\nand\n\n> 疑わしい implies something for which the true nature or quality isn't known, but\n> that may be good or may be bad.\n\nwhich is at least in English, but still seems a little confusing to someone\nwho is somewhat unfamiliar with Japanese culture.",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference between 怪しい and 疑わしい",
"view_count": 714
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{
"body": "An difference between them is that [怪]{あや}しい is near to spoken language and\n[疑]{うたが}わしい is near to written language in my feeling. Of cource both 怪しい and\n疑わしい can be used in both spoken / written language though.\n\n## Examples\n\nHere are some examples of non-swappable case.\n\n### Example 1\n\nIn ordinary conversation,\n\n```\n\n OK: あの男の人、[怪]{あや}しいよね。 (That man looks suspicious, doesn't he?)\n NG: あの男の人、[疑]{うたが}わしいよね。\n \n```\n\nIn above case, `怪しい` sounds natural but `疑わしい` does not.\n\n### Example 2\n\nIn educational document,\n\n```\n\n OK: この[数値]{すうち}は[出典]{しゅってん}が[示]{しめ}されておらず、[疑]{うたが}わしい。\n (This value is doubtful / suspicious that does not indicate the source.)\n \n NG: この[数値]{すうち}は[出典]{しゅってん}が[示]{しめ}されておらず、[怪]{あや}しい。\n \n```\n\nIn polite document or speaking, 怪しい is not suitable.",
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"body": "according to the link you posted\n(<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/thsrs/3345/m0u/>) 疑わしい only means that the\ninformation is uncertain/doubtful. 怪しい means that the uncertainty/doubt is a\nbad thing.\n\nIf i had to put it in simple terms 疑わしい would be 'doubtful', while 怪しい would\nbe 'suspicious'.\n\n> As background, it's being used to describe an ad that had a stated\n> requirement, but where it's suspected the creator of the ad had an ulterior\n> motive in mind. \"疑わしいアド\" was used in my original version of an online post,\n> whereas \"怪しい求人\" was suggested by a native speaker of Japanese.\n\nin this case 疑わしいアド would suggest an advertisement of uncertain validity\n(without the negative connotations, e.g. posted as a prank), while 怪しい求人 would\nmean suspicious job offer (e.g. some mafia hunting for prostitutes, disguising\nit as a job offer)",
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{
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"body": "Suppose there is a box which can contain either an animal or object. I am\nconfused in choosing either あります or います when asking the contents of the box.\n\n * 箱の中に何がありますか。\n\n * 箱の中に何がいますか。\n\nWhich should I use in this case? Any comments are welcome.",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "箱の中に何がありますか versus 箱の中に何がいますか when I don't know whether it is an animal or object",
"view_count": 193
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{
"body": "> 1.「[箱]{はこ}の[中]{なか}に[何]{なに}が **あります** か。」\n>\n> 2.「箱の中に何が **います** か。」\n\nFirst of all, 「には」＞「に」 if you want to sound natural.\n\n**_If you absolutely must choose between the two_** , you would choose #1.\nThat is because it is not natural to choose #2 unless you already know it is\nan animal inside.\n\nThere is, of course, a possibility that you say #1 and it turns out that it is\nan animal inside, but you would not be held responsible for using the \"wrong\"\nverb when you indeed did not know what was in the box but somehow thought it\nwas an inanimate object.\n\nIf you did not have to choose between those two, you would have better choices\nand those include:\n\n> 「箱の中には何が[入]{はい}っていますか。」\n>\n> 「箱の中に入っているのはなんですか。」 ← Only 「に」 is possible here.\n>\n> 「箱の[中身]{なかみ}はなんですか。」\n\nBoth of those are more neutral in the sense that whatever you find in the box\nin the end, you will be saved from having used the wrong word in asking your\nquestion.",
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{
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"body": "What's the difference between 実際 and 実態? apparently these are two different\nwords, but looking at the entry for\n[実態](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/98572/m0u/%E5%AE%9F%E6%85%8B/) and\n[実際](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/98394/m0u/%E5%AE%9F%E9%9A%9B/) i\ncan't understand the difference.\n\n> 実態: 実際の状態, 本当のありさま\n\nisn't it the same as\n\n> 実際: 物事のあるがままの状態\n\n?\n\nWhat is the difference between these two words and it's usage and nuances?",
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"word-choice",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "difference between 実際 and 実態",
"view_count": 529
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{
"body": "Firstly, for the overlapping meaning of \"real situation\", 「[実態]{じったい}」 is used\n**_far more often_** than 「[実際]{じっさい}」. Importantly, this is just about the\nonly meaning 「実態」 is used for.\n\ne.g. 「ショービジネスの実態」、「[山口組]{やまぐちぐみ}の実態」, etc. (山口組 is the largest yakuza\norganization.)\n\nVery few people would use 「実際」 to say those in reality.\n\nSecondly, 「実際」 has another meaning that 「実態」 does not, which is \"actual\npractice (as opposed to theory)\".\n\ne.g. 「[銀行業務]{ぎんこうぎょうむ}の実際を[学]{まな}ぶ」(to study the actual practice of bank\nbusiness)\n\nYou cannot use 「実態」 to say the above for the same meaning. If you do, the\nmeaning of the phrase will change to \"to study the real situation of bank\nbusiness\". It sounds like you are still studying with books.\n\nLastly, while 「実態」 is generally used only as a noun, 「実際」 is frequently used\nadjectivally and adverbially by adding 「の」 and 「に」, respectively.\n\ne.g. 「実際 **に** 見てきなさい。」(Go see it in real life!) 「これが実際 **の**\n[手紙]{てがみ}です。」(This is the actual letter.)",
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] | 24884 | 24887 | 24887 |
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"body": "Continuing from [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24867/542)\n\n## 1. Generic title for children redux\n\nConsider the following cases for each situation where a person speaks to two\nchildren of different age:\n\n> How are the following done for the 2 situations below:\n>\n\n>> A: A person (you/I) addresses the younger one directly \n> B: A person (you/I) addresses the older one directly \n> C: Referring to the older one when speaking with the younger one. \n> D: Referring to the younger one when speaking with the older one.\n\n* * *\n\n> **(Situation 1)** There are two children present, one visibly older than the\n> other and they are siblings.\n\nSince there are two children, can they both be addressed as `ぼく` by the\nspeaker? If the pronoun `ぼく` is contended, which referent gets priority? Would\nthe speaker refer to the older one using `ぼくの{お兄さん・お姉さん}`? Would the most\nnatural solution be to refer to them by name?\n\n> **(Situation 2)** There are two children present, one visibly older than the\n> other and they are **not** siblings.\n\nIf they are not related by kinship ties, can we still use `お兄さん・お姉さん`? Again,\nwould the most natural solution be to refer to them by name?\n\n* * *\n\n## 2. Referring to self in the context of children\n\n2.1 Is `ぼく・わたし` available to refer to self?\n\n2.2 What is the age range of the speaker or age difference from the child to\nrefer to self as `{お兄さん・お姉さん・other kinship titles}`. At what approximate age\nof the child does the use of kinship terms for self-reference become\ninhibited(if it becomes inhibited at all)?\n\n2.3 Does the use of `お兄さん・お姉さん` for self reference contend with the physical\npresence of an actual older sibling? If it does, which referent gets priority?\nAnd does the use/disuse of the prefix `お` resolve the ambiguity?",
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"tags": [
"first-person-pronouns",
"second-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "Generic title for children redux & referring to self in the context of children",
"view_count": 262
} | [
{
"body": "When speaking about oneself 私{わたし} is always OK for both genders for any age.\nFor boys (and some tomboys) 僕{ぼく} is also used. You may also hear あたし which is\nused by slightly older females (High School age onwards) in casual situations.\n\n * **A** : If you know their name then their name. Else あなた or 君 or 私/僕(if they have already referred to themselves as such).\n\n * **B** : If you know their name then their name. Else お兄さん・お姉さんor あなた or 君 or 私/僕(if they have already referred to themselves as such). In the case they have both referred to themselves as 私・僕 and you want to refer to them both as the same, then facing said person and/or addressing them(body movement-wise) would allow you to use私・僕 in most cases. Otherwise referring to the younger as私・僕 and the older as お兄さん・お姉さん would, in most cases, be ok.\n\n * **C** : If you know their name then their name. Else お兄さん・お姉さん。\n\n * **D** : If you know their name then their name. Else 弟・妹(with optional あなた・君の___)。 Alternately in all cases, asking their names really wouldn’t hurt.\n\n### Situation 1\n\nRunning on from the explanation above (A-D), depending on what has been\nestablished in the conversation, would determine what each child would be\ncalled. If the speaker knows neither, and neither has addressed themselves\nyet, then あなた or 君 would be fine (in most instances). Further, following A and\nB (above) would follow the usage. As to who gets priority when the word 僕 is\nused, that depends on who is older/who refers to themselves as such/who you\nare focussing on. Take the example of talking to two Peters, when you address\nthe one on the left, you do not say “Peter on the left”, you would focus on\nsaid Peter and address him as “Peter”. The Peter on the right would notice the\nattention is not on him (assuming he is paying attention) and thus would\nassume you are intending to talk to the Peter on the left. There are\nsituations when the speaker would refer to the elder one as 僕・私のお兄さん・お姉さん,\nmainly where the younger one has established that they are 僕・私 and you ask a\nquestion to the younger one pertaining to the elder one.\n\nThe most natural (and clearly most understood) way of referring to each would,\nin almost every instance, be by name.\n\n### Situation 2\n\nThis question is difficult as we do not know the context of each child’s\nrelationship to each other. If the children are school friends you may here\nthe younger child referring to the older one as 先輩 and the older one refer to\nthe younger one by name. If however, they are rather close (best friends,\nneighbourhood friends, family friends), it would not be uncommon to hear them\ncall each other by name.\n\n## 2.1\n\n私 is always ok in any context (even business although you will most often hear\n私{わたくし}) to use to refer to yourself. 僕 is ok in most situations but is not\nacceptable in most business situations (a problem you shouldn’t face talking\nto kids). Depending on your age in regards to the children, you may also refer\nto yourself as お兄ちゃん・お姉ちゃん or おじさん・おばさん or even お爺{じい}さん・お婆{ばあ}さん. This runs\noff of the question you refer to in your post in that if you refer to a child\nas 僕 or 私 the way to identify yourself within the conversation becomes an age\nstatement comparable to your child audience.\n\n## 2.2\n\nThe age range to use お兄さん・お姉さん when related to a person can be an order of\nminutes (in the case of twins etc. one is usually the older twin). When\nreferring to yourself as お兄さん・お姉さん age wise you are usually High School Age to\n30yo. This is not a set age and usually can be ascertained by what the child\nrefers to you as. Similarly self-reference terms do not become obsolete as\nchanging the terms to fit your age accordingly (お兄さん＞おじさん＞お爺さん).\n\n## 2.3\n\nThis is highly contextual as to how so far you have been referring to the\nchildren in your conversation. If you have referred to younger sibling as 僕\nand the older one as お姉ちゃん, then use of お姉さん to refer to yourself would be\nunderstood, however this would be more noted by vocal inflections and\npronunciation. Using or not using the お is another way in which you can break\nup the references. Referring to the older sibling as 姉ちゃん and yourself as お姉さん\nwould make the references noticeably separate.\n\n**※** It is also of note that the age of the child and vocabulary will reflect\nhow much of the references and context they can understand. It is also of note\nthat like any relationship in any language anywhere in the world, people refer\nto each other how they feel comfortable referring to each other. Children are\nno different. I have listed common usages however, this is an definitely a\nnon-exhaustive list.\n\nOnce again, the most natural (and clearly most understood) way of referring to\neach would, in almost every instance, be by name.",
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{
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"body": "Here is the sentence including the word.\n\n> 丈少年をかこんでなごやかな子どもたちの写真をとらせてください。新聞に大きくのせます **から** 。\n\nI'm not sure if I can translate it as 'Then' like this:\n\n> Please let me take a photograph of you kids surrounding the boy 'Joe'.\n> **Then** it will be put in a newspaper with a large picture.",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of the word 「から」 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 121
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{
"body": "As far as meaning goes,\n\n> 「丈少年をかこんでなごやかな子どもたちの写真をとらせてください。新聞に大きくのせます **から** 。」\n\n＝\n\n> 「新聞に大きくのせます **から** 、丈少年をかこんでなごやかな子どもたちの写真をとらせてください。」\n\nThe dictionary definitions of this 「から」 would be \"because\" or \"as\".\n\nMy own would be \"so that (I will be able to) ~~\", \"so that (it will enable me\nto) ~~\".\n\nThis 「から」 is often placed at the end of a sentence.",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "24895",
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"body": "It is a situation when a worker noticed that one of his colleagues is working\nall day and all night without taking a rest. He then said the following:\n\n> それじゃ **いくつ** からだが **あってもたりゃ** しねえ。\n\nThen his hard-working colleague said this:\n\n> なあにおれのからだは人一倍がんじょうだから...\n\nQuestions:\n\n 1. Is the sentence 「それじゃ...」 a question or just an opinion or something else? could it always be a question if it contains the word 「いくつ」?\n 2. What does the word 「あってもたりゃ」 mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-09T12:34:52.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "Questions about the words 「いくつ」and 「あってもたりゃ」",
"view_count": 126
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. Is the sentence それじゃ... a question or just an opinion or something\n> else? could it always be a question if it contains the word いくつ?\n>\n\nIt is a statement, not a question.\n\nWhether or not 「いくつ」 makes the sentence a question depends on the other words\nused (and the sentence structure).\n\n「いくつからだがあっても」 here means \" ** _no matter how many bodies you've got_** \"\n\n> 2. What does the word 「あってもたりゃ」mean?\n>\n\n「あってもたりゃしねえ」(Kanto tough guy speech)\n\n=「あっても[足]{た}りはしない」(Dictionary form of above)\n\n=「あっても足りない」(Simplified)\n\n= \"will never be enough\" 「足りる」 means \"to be satisfactory in quantity\"\n\nThe first sentence means:\n\n**_\"That way (← \"If you work like that\"), no matter how many bodies you've\ngot, it won't be enough!\"_**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-09T12:47:57.920",
"id": "24895",
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}
] | 24894 | 24895 | 24895 |
{
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"body": "For example here\n<https://twitter.com/vladiii_ap_bot/status/321001378766000128>. EPWING\ndictionary and Google search didn't help.\n\n> 追従も度が過ぎると **度量が知れる** ぞ、ダーニック。余を領王と呼ぶお前は、我が主人でもある。余はサーヴァント、そのことを否定はせん",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-09T13:20:23.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24896",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-06-09T15:38:16.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "1797",
"owner_user_id": "10296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 度量が知れる mean?",
"view_count": 186
} | [
{
"body": "元ネタは[これ](http://typemoon.wikia.com/wiki/Darnic_Prestone_Yggdmillennia)っぽい。\n\nIn this context, the speaker, as a Servant of Darnic, says Darnic should not\nbe too obsequious to the speaker, although Dernic refers to the speaker as\nLord (領王).\n\nSomeone's 度量 refers to their capacity, potential, tolerance, generosity, etc.\n\n度量が知れる literally means something like \"reveal one's capacity\", and it is a set\nphrase usually used to point out someone's little-mindedness, petty-\nmindedness, incompetence, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T16:21:15.927",
"id": "24949",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 24896 | null | 24949 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a actual usage difference between these two pronouns? Or is it simply\nthat こちらの is more formal than この?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-09T15:38:52.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24899",
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"owner_user_id": "10297",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronouns"
],
"title": "こちらの vs この when referring to something",
"view_count": 598
} | [
{
"body": "こちら is very often used to talk about people as well as a simple replacement to\nこの. You are likely to have heard the phrase:\n\n> こちらこそ\n>\n> Along the lines of \"I'm the one who should be saying that\"\n\nThis is an example of こちら being used to refer to people, specifically the\nself. In phone calls, and letters, people very often use こちら in place of 私.\nThis commonly refers to the speaker's own situation, or their self, but often\nis used generally to refer to a group of people one is affiliated with, rather\nthan an individual themselves. An example of this is:\n\n> こちらは天気がいいです, said in a letter, for example.\n\nAn alternative usage is when directing people, meaning \"this way\" (written in\nKanji as 此方, though I rarely see people use this in recent years). In shops,\nor even by people all over, phrases such as こちらへください is common to use, meaning\n\"this way please\" to direct them.\n\nEqually, you can use こちら to mean これ in polite language, then, as you\nmentioned, this extends to using こちらの rather than この.\n\nHopefully this is helpful in showing the versatility of こちら, a very useful\nword in Japanese that extends far beyond one usage.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-09T18:54:26.317",
"id": "24900",
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}
] | 24899 | null | 24900 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24907",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In fiction, I've occasionally seen humble language used for other people - it\nseems to be an insult, and is most common as a command (申せ！). Is my perception\ncorrect, and is the insult sense restricted to verbs that don't follow the\nお（連用形）する・いたす form? (I assume, of course, that this is more common in the past\nand fiction than present real Japanese.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-09T20:24:56.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24903",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-10T01:36:58.093",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Humble language for other people as an insult",
"view_count": 281
} | [
{
"body": "謙譲語 was used like this when the speaker was clearly much higher than the\nlistener (... well, at least in fiction). For example, a governor would say to\ntheir people,「こちらに参れ」, 「早く申せ」, 「～と存ぜよ」, 「そのように致せ」, or 「ありがたく賜れ」.\n\nThese are (sometimes) called\n[尊大語](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/132073/m0u/) (arrogant\nexpression?), and insult is usually _not_ intended. I think these were natural\nwordings between two people with different social status in those days.\n\nOf course, these are almost never used today (except when a joke is intended).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-10T01:36:58.093",
"id": "24907",
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"score": 6
}
] | 24903 | 24907 | 24907 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know the basics behind its grammatical function, but there isn't much out\nthere giving the details and subtleties on its usage. Anyone know?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T01:15:13.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24905",
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"owner_user_id": "3172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What are the different ways to use までもない?",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "A few off my head.\n\nこれくらいの怪我なら病院に行くまでもない\n\nMy wound is not serious enough to go to hospital.\n\n今日暑いことは言うまでもない\n\nNeedless to say its hot today.\n\nAs seen it usually means it doesn't need to do what ever the word right before\nit.\n\n...I hope I'm making sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T01:35:16.210",
"id": "24906",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 24905 | null | 24906 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24913",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I apologize if I'm not making much sense, very much in the beginning of my\nstudies.\n\nI'd like to modify the phrase \"cogito ergo sum\" into one that means 'I write,\ntherefore I am'.\n\nWhat I came up with is **我作る, ゆえに我あり**.\n\nI figured that **作る** would be a good choice to convey something more than the\nact of writing, and indicate it's a creation/creative act.\n\nThe part of **ゆえに我あり** I took from the Japanese [Wikipedia\npage](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%91%E6%80%9D%E3%81%86%E3%80%81%E3%82%86%E3%81%88%E3%81%AB%E6%88%91%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A)\nfor the phrase.\n\nCan I have some reviews, and perhaps some pointers if I'm doing something\nwrong? The more details you can give me, the more I'm able to learn from this\nexercise.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T09:33:23.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24911",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-10T10:03:32.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10307",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "I'm trying to modify \"cogito ergo sum\" into \"I write, therefore I am\" - am I doing it right?",
"view_count": 292
} | [
{
"body": "You're replacing a verb with a verb, so there's not much that could have gone\nwrong. In other words, your construction is fine.\n\nYou said you wanted to end up with \"I write, therefore I am\" and then chose a\nverb that doesn't mean \"to write\", so obviously 我作る、ゆえに我あり doesn't mean \"I\nwrite, therefore I am\", but something more along the lines of \"I make,\ntherefore I am\".\n\nYou're asking for pointers, so one should point out that just about everything\nin this phrase is different from standard Japanese that you would be learning\nin a textbook or basic course.\n\n * 我 is an archaic way of saying \"I\"\n * particles have been omitted\n * ゆえに is a comparatively rare conjunction for indicating causality (and may thus be considered \"advanced\" vocabulary) \nIn BCCWJ (Japanese corpus), ので 453599 results, ゆえに 2161, 故に 2634\n\n * sentences usually don't end in あり, but rather in ある or あります",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T10:03:32.797",
"id": "24913",
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}
] | 24911 | 24913 | 24913 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A guy complimented my wig on the Internet, and then he said \"またそのカツラか\nぶったら、写真載せてくださいね!\" I did understand that he wants me to upload more pictures of\nit but I can't make sense of the first sentence? And the word buttara? What is\nthat?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T09:59:23.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24912",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-08T13:03:32.040",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-08T13:03:32.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "10308",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Problems with some Japanese words",
"view_count": 148
} | [
{
"body": "It looks like a line break or space in the wrong place. かぶる means \"to wear [a\nhat]\" (as in \"to put on one's head\").\n\nぶったら would be from ぶつ, meaning \"to punch [so.]\" and isn't relevant here.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T10:08:32.117",
"id": "24914",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-10T10:08:32.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "24912",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 24912 | null | 24914 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24919",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a difficulty to parse the following sentence.\n\n> 中国人で日本語が話せる方は、お電話ください。\n\nI just understood the following partial phrases.\n\n * 中国人で means \"with Chinese\"\n * 日本語が話せる方 means \"person who can speak Japanese\"\n * お電話ください means \"please telephone\"\n\nI have learnt で that functions as\n\n * バイクで学校へ行きます。I go to school by a motorcycle.\n * 家で食べます。 I eat at home.\n\nBut the particle で in question is difficult to understand.\n\nWhat does the sentence actually mean and what is the usage of で in this case?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T15:03:52.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24917",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-09T05:29:51.853",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-10T15:24:19.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "9896",
"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to parse 中国人で日本語が話せる方は、お電話ください。",
"view_count": 1146
} | [
{
"body": "You are mixing up **two completely different** 「で's」.\n\n 1. Particle 「で」← 「バイク **で** 行く」、「家 **で** 食べる」, etc.\n\n 2. [連用形]{れんようけい} (continuative form) of the affirmation auxiliary verb 「 **だ** 」. (Auxiliary verbs conjugate just as verbs and adjectives do.)\n\n> 「[中国人]{ちゅうごくじん} **で** [日本語]{にほんご}が[話]{はな}せる[方]{かた}は、お[電話]{でんわ}ください。」\n\nIt is the second 「で」 above that is used in this sentence; therefore, 「中国人で」\ndoes not mean \"with Chinese\".\n\n「中国人 **で** 日本語が話せる」 is a relative clause that modifies the 「方」 meaning \"those\nwho are Chinese **_and_** able to speak Japanese\".\n\nTherefore, the 「中国人で」 part can be replaced by 「中国人であり」.\n\nIt uses 「中国人 **で** 」 instead of 「中国人 **だ** 」 because the phrase continues to\nadd more information besides the applicants having to be Chinese.\n\nThe sentence means:\n\n> \"Those who are Chinese and able to speak Japanese, please call (us).\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T15:50:14.480",
"id": "24919",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-02-09T05:29:51.853",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "24917",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 19
}
] | 24917 | 24919 | 24919 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24921",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It was said by a guy who has just realized that his kid has done something\nimproperly.\n\nHere is the sentence including the word.\n\n> 丈{じょう}のやろうついにやってはならねえことまで **やり** やがったか....",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T16:37:10.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24920",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-04T06:22:24.720",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-04T06:22:24.720",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「やり」 mean?",
"view_count": 538
} | [
{
"body": "The word here is やる 'do'.\n\n連用形 + やがる is a way of demeaning the participator in an action. Much like -て +\nしまう, it indicates discontent with the fact that the action happened; but\nunlike with しまう, the discontent is directed primarily at the person who chose\nto do the action (rather than しまう's focus more on the typically unintended\naction itself). It can be rendered with phrases like 'had the gall to do',\n'went and did', etc; though often it works to just leave it untranslated.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T16:44:13.887",
"id": "24921",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-10T16:44:13.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "24920",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 24920 | 24921 | 24921 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24929",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I wanted to say someone is bored would I be able to say\n\n> メアリイさん は つまらない です\n\nor would this imply that the person is boring rather than bored?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T19:02:23.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24922",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-10T23:58:14.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10247",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Does つまらない mean to be boring and bored or just boring",
"view_count": 909
} | [
{
"body": "It can mean both, but your example is tricky because, as has been discussed\nhere multiple times (e.g. たい vs. たがっている), one often could not directly express\nanother person's feelings as one's own in Japanese.\n\n> 「メアリーさんはつまらないです。」\n\nin the strictest sense, only means \"Mary is **boring**.\"\n\nTo make it mean \"Mary is **bored**.\", one needs to add words and say:\n\n> 「メアリーさんは **つまらなさそう** です。」\n\nNot to confuse you, the sentence just above can also mean \"Mary seems to be\nboring.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T23:40:14.893",
"id": "24929",
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"parent_id": "24922",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 24922 | 24929 | 24929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So take the following (contrived) example in english.\n\n> A: What does 'plane' mean? \n> B: Which 'plane'? 'Plane' like 'the thing in the sky'? 'Plain' like 'hills\n> on the ground'? Or 'plane' like 'a pocket dimension'?\n\nAnother example in Japanese:\n\n> A: 「なのか」はどういう意味ですか？ \n> B: どっちの「なのか」？「なのか」 **like** 「みっか」？「なのか」 **like** 「だよね」?\n\nHow do I express the 'like' in that way in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T19:54:48.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24923",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-10T23:22:43.660",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-10T21:51:03.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "769",
"owner_user_id": "769",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "How to make comparisons using \"like\" in japanese?",
"view_count": 732
} | [
{
"body": "Informally, I would suggest 「みたいな」 or even just 「の」. One can say:\n\n> 「みっか、よっか」みたいな「なのか」？\n>\n> 「みっか、よっか」の「なのか」？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-10T23:22:17.953",
"id": "24927",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-10T23:22:17.953",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "24923",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "In casual speech, you might say:\n\n> A: 「なのか」ってどういう意味？ \n> B: どっちの「なのか」？「なのか、ようか」（とか（言うとき））の「なのか」？（それとも、）「なのですか」って意味の「なのか」？\n\nIf you want to sound politer you might say:\n\n> A: 「なのか」はどういう意味ですか？ \n> B: どっち（orどちら）の「なのか」ですか？「なのか、ようか」（など）の「なのか」ですか、それとも「なのですか」という意味の「なのか」ですか？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-10T23:22:43.660",
"id": "24928",
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"parent_id": "24923",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] | 24923 | null | 24927 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24931",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm wondering -- is something like\n\n> ジョンが迷っていると気づいたら、何とかしないと、と。 **ジョンなら絶対に出来る、と言った瞬間、突然ハンドルをつかんで引いた。**\n> その痛烈な性格の変化は今でも鮮明に覚えている。\n\nconsidered sloppy writing, or is it acceptable?\n\nThese are the intended topics/subjects:\n\n> （私は）ジョンが迷っていると気づいたら、何とかしないと、と。\n> **（私が）ジョンなら絶対に出来る、と言った瞬間、（ジョンは）突然ハンドルをつかんで引いた。** （私は）その痛烈な性格の変化は今でも鮮明に覚えている。\n\nNamely, in the bolded sentence, the topic switches from 私 to ジョン, made\nespecially confusing due to the subject of the embedded sentence under 瞬間\nbeing 私, in addition to the surrounding sentences having 私 as their topic.\n\nIn English fiction, it's not uncommon to intentionally make the reader think\nabout who is doing or saying what by leaving things more ambiguous than one\nnormally would. I assume it's the same with Japanese fiction, but I'm\nwondering if this specific method doing of it is considered acceptable.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-10T22:49:21.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24924",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-06-10T23:37:21.567",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"composition"
],
"title": "Implicit topic switching",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "That is totally normal and acceptable, which is exactly why you as well as\nothers understood the sentence itself and the passage.\n\nIf a \"person\" performs an unexpected action the moment you have made a\nstatement, that person would **_not_** be yourself nearly 100% of the time,\nwould it? Thus, the author is successfully communicating with the readers.\n\nIn addition, the sentence that follows backs up the reader's understanding of\nthe **bolded** sentence because one would **_not_** say 「その **痛烈な** 性格の変化」 to\ndescribe a change in one's own character.\n\nGenerally speaking, placing a subject where it can be omitted for the reader\ncomprehension could easily break the rhythm and flow of the writing, which any\nprofessional writer would like to avoid doing.",
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}
] | 24924 | 24931 | 24931 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24945",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I was looking through a list of words that normally are written in kana,\ninstead of their kanji. Two caught my attention because the list has them\nwritten in katakana, instead of hiragana. But, as neither are 外来語, writing\nthem in katakana seems strange.\n\n**When given no context, is it true that both \"honey bee\" and \"dolphin\" are\nwritten in katakana (instead of hiragana)?**\n\n(Note: I do not care about any theory as to \"why\" they are exceptions. Simply,\nwhen _there is no context_ and they are just words in a list, should both be\nwritten in katakana?)\n\nHere is the full list of animals written in kana, instead of kanji:\n\n> あかんぼう baby, infant \n> **イルカ dolphin** \n> うさぎ a rabbit \n> かたつむり snail \n> きつね a fox \n> くらげ a jellyfish \n> とら tiger \n> とんぼ dragon fly \n> ばら rose \n> **ミツバチ honey bee** \n> やまあらし porcupine \n> やもめ a widow \n> りす a squirrel",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T01:09:03.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24932",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-06-11T17:19:07.237",
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"owner_user_id": "10193",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"orthography"
],
"title": "Are ミツバチ and イルカ more frequently written in katakana?",
"view_count": 1111
} | [
{
"body": "Both words you mentioned have Kanji.\n\n> 海豚｛いるか} - dolphin\n>\n> 蜜蜂{みつばち} - honey bee\n\nMost biological terms are written in Katakana in everyday language (places\nlike aquariums and TV spots). However it is also not uncommon to see them\nwritten as Kanji in biological or science texts.\n\nOther examples include...\n\n-海豹{あざらし} (アザラシ) >[Earless Seal]\n\n-海驢{あしか} (アシカ) >[Eared Seal]\n\n-膃肭臍{おっとせい} (オットセイ) >[Fur Seal]\n\n-蜻蛉{とんぼ} (トンボ) >[Dragonfly]\n\n-水黽{あめんぼ} (アメンボ) >[Water Strider]\n\n**EDIT:** The list you provide I have usually seen as the following.\n\n赤ん坊(a baby is an animal?)、イルカ、うさぎ・ウサギ、蝸牛、狐、くらげ・クラゲ、トラ、トンボ、バラ、ミツバチ、山荒、寡婦（a\nwidow is an animal?）、リス\n\nDepending on where you are usually depends on how they are written. A\nchildren's science/biology centre will usually feature all names in ひらがな as\nsome 小学生 aged children have not yet learned カタカナ. However family aquariums and\nzoos usually feature the 漢字 and カタカナ readings ie. 北極熊{ホッキョクグマ}.\n\nWithout knowing more about your list and the person who wrote it, it is\nsomewhat difficult to know why they chose to put all except 2 items as\nhiragana. The choice whether to use ひらがな or カタカナ (or even Kanji) readings when\nreferring to various animals is largely a stylistic choice by the author as\nboth ひらがな and カタカナ can be read and understood interchangeably in this context.\nTo cover all your bases (aand make it easier to search for), you could always\nhave a third column in your database for カタカナ readings (instead of just ひらかな).\n\nSome sources:\n\n<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%9A>\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1319142318>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T01:31:00.467",
"id": "24933",
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{
"body": "I'm in the translation industry and in my experience if given a list such as\nyours with no context there is no particular reason those words need to be\nwritten in katakana. The English is also inconsistent. Some words are\narbitrarily preceded with \"a\". I think the katakana usage here is the same\nthing.\n\nI hope this helps",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T04:52:30.313",
"id": "24941",
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{
"body": "> When given no context, is it true that both \"honey bee\" and \"dolphin\" are\n> written in katakana (instead of hiragana)?\n\nYes, but using hiragana is perfectly acceptable.\n\nNames of species is one area where katakana is very often used, but there seem\nto be no rule to tell which is more widely used to write a specific name. In\nthe examples you mentioned above, ウサギ，カタツムリ， etc. are equally common, and I\ncan't really say which (katakana vs. hiragana) is more common. I feel イルカ is\nmore often seen than いるか, but I wouldn't find it odd if I see いるか without\ncontext. (There are contexts where one is probably preferred over the other,\nbut I think this is out of topic for this question).\n\nThe common custom to write names of species (plants, animals, insects..) seems\nto have derived from the convention of academic fields.\n\nSeveral informations that might interest you:\n\n * Japanese wikipedia [encourages to use katakana in titles of articles of species](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9#.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE.E5.90.8D).\n * [現代日本語書き言葉における非外来語のカタカナ表記事情 (pdf)](https://www.ninjal.ac.jp/event/specialists/project-meeting/files/JCLWorkshop_no4_papers/JCLWorkshop_No4_35.pdf) (Frequency of Katakana Representation for Japanese Non-loan Words as Observed in the BCCWJ Corpus), found under the [National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics](https://www.ninjal.ac.jp/event/specialists/project-meeting/m-2013/jclws04/) , deals with similar question. While neither みつばち nor イルカ is observed in the article, it mentions the plant/animal names as a more-likely-to-be-written-in-katakana words.\n * [The Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/) may be good for individual research.",
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"creation_date": "2015-06-11T08:16:00.800",
"id": "24945",
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{
"body": "I wholeheartedly agree with [@Ian's\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/24941/1628). There's absolutely\nno reason why \"honey bee\" should have been written in katakana, and \"snail\"\nnot. In fact, in the BCCWJ mentioned in [@Yosh's\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/24945/1628), writing \"snail\" in\nkatakana is more popular by roughly the same margin:\n\n> みつばち 70 results \n> ミツバチ 212 results\n\n> かたつむり 77 results \n> カタツムリ 194 results\n\n(\"dolphin\" is hard to get numbers for, because いるか appears so often as part of\n～ているか, which might be a reason to choose katakana in this case. This argument\ndoesn't hold for みつばち, though!)\n\n**But that's not the only thing that's wrong with that list.** The \"baby,\ninfant\" entry is rarely written in kana, but practically always in kanji:\n\n> 赤ん坊 1252 results \n> あかんぼう 17 results\n\nAnother misleading entry:\n\n> 寡婦 304 results \n> やもめ 61 results\n\nSo, the list you're looking at is\n\n * inconsistent in its choice of kana syllabary,\n * provides misleading information of what words _really_ are written more frequently in kana, and\n * includes obscure words, like \"porcupine\", at the expense of more obvious choices, like \"candle\":\n\n> ろうそく 296 results \n> ロウソク 158 results \n> ローソク 158 results \n> 蝋燭 48 results\n\nAnyway, all in all, I think you need a better list.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T17:07:03.493",
"id": "24951",
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"score": 5
}
] | 24932 | 24945 | 24945 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24936",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Me and my friend were talking about death and the universe and ect. But I\ntried to write:\n\n> 瀬間は死でした。\n\nHe then corrected me by writing\n\n> 瀬間は死んでいます。\n\nI don't understand the ～んでいます at the end of the sentence. Also what's wrong\nwith what I originally said? My friend can't really give me a good answer to\nwhy I should write the second one.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T02:23:45.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24934",
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"owner_user_id": "9669",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is んでいます and why use it?",
"view_count": 4183
} | [
{
"body": "Because what you're trying to say would require 死 to be used as a verb, and\nthe way your buddy put it as 死んでいます means \"is in a dead state\" or \"is dead\",\nrather than \"…died\".\n\nIf you want to say \"he IS dead\" you would say かれは死んでいます。To say \"he was dead.\"\nyou would say かれは死んでいた or 死んでいました。 You would never use でした for this because\nyou are dealing with a verb not an adjective.\n\nHard to explain, but maybe someone will have a better more succinct\nexplanation for you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T02:55:55.183",
"id": "24935",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10314",
"parent_id": "24934",
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{
"body": "「んでいます」 is not a single unit, you're splitting the word in the wrong place.\n\n# How to break down 死んでいます\n\n「死んで」 is the _-te_ form of 「死ぬ」. You then connect that to 「いる」 (or if you're\nbeing polite, 「います」). Together, they form the _-te-iru_ form of 「死ぬ」: 「死んでいる」\n\n# The _-te-iru_ form\n\nThe _-te-iru_ form of a verb has multiple meanings, and depending on the type\nof verb, those meanings differ. In the case of 「死ぬ」 (which is a state-change\nverb)...\n\n> 死んでいる \n> \"is dead\" (stative reading) \n> \"are dying\" (iterative meaning) (like, multiple different things are dying)\n\nSo, 「瀬間は死んでいます。」 unambiguously means \"瀬間 is dead.\", given the understanding\nthat 「瀬間」 is a person's name (preventing the iterative meaning, since that\nwould be a singular subject). On the other hand, if 「瀬間」 were the name of a\nspecies or something, then it'd likely be the iterative meaning.\n\n# What you said\n\nYou said 「瀬間は死でした。」, which means something like \"瀬間 was death.\" In your\nsentence, 「でした」 is the polite past-tense copula, and 「死」 is the noun for\n\"death\". I can't think of any time you'd want to say this outside of fiction.\nThat said, your sentence is at least grammatical.",
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}
] | 24934 | 24936 | 24936 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24938",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A young employee points out an error made by the boss in a blog post, the\nfollowing ensues:\n\n> boss: なるほど、あとで直しとくわ \n> employee: ありがとうございます。 **一丁前にご指摘失礼しましたー** 。\n\n**QUESTION:** What does 一丁前 refer to in this dialog?\n\nAccording to my dictionary, 一丁前 means \"becoming an adult or full-fledged\nmember of society\". \nDoes the employee points out that himself has only recently become an adult,\nand thus is not in a position to point out errors? Or does he points out that\nhe is not in a position to point out errors because the boss is a older than\nhimself?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T03:25:30.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24937",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-11T04:06:39.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Meaning of 一丁前にご指摘失礼しました",
"view_count": 195
} | [
{
"body": "> [一丁前]{いっちょ(う)まえ}にご指摘失礼しました。\n\nI think it's like \"Excuse me for pointing out (your error) like / as if I am a\nfull-fledged member/worker (of the company/society).\"\n≒「[一人前]{いちにんまえ}に/偉そうに指摘して、失礼しました。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T03:41:38.130",
"id": "24938",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "24937",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] | 24937 | 24938 | 24938 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24942",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「迷宮都市オラリオ。「ダンジョン」と通称される地下迷宮を保有する。いや迷宮の上に築き上げられた巨大都市。\n**都市、ひいてはダンジョンを管理する「ギルド」を中核して栄える都市は** 、ヒューマン含めあらゆる種族の亜人が生活を営んでいる。」\n\nHow can you figure out who is doing the action of ギルドを中核にする?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T04:48:24.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24940",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-11T05:08:32.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Who is doing the action?",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "Parse it as:\n\n> [(都市、ひいてはダンジョンを管理する)「ギルド」を中核にして栄える]都市\n\n都市、ひいてはダンジョンを管理する「ギルド」を中核にして栄える is a relative clause modifying 都市. \n都市 is the subject for the action 都市、ひいてはダンジョンを管理する「ギルド」を中核にして栄える.\n\n(Likewise, 都市、ひいてはダンジョンを管理する is the relative clause modifying ギルド, and ギルド is\nthe subject for 都市、ひいてはダンジョンを管理する.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T04:58:57.837",
"id": "24942",
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}
] | 24940 | 24942 | 24942 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24947",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example:\n\n> 柔和{にゅうわ}な線{せん}で縁取{ふちど}られた宝石{ほうせき}のような瞳{ひとみ}に、 **ほっそりとした**\n> 顎{あご}、綺麗{きれい}な鼻筋{はなすじ}。美人{びじん}っていう人{ひと}の条件{じょうけん}しっかりと備{ととの}えちゃってる。\n\nWhat is the purpose of the と in ほっそりとした instead of just saying ほっそりした?\n\nAlso what's the difference the following two?\n\n> 美人っていう人の条件しっかり **と** 備えちゃってる\n>\n> 美人っていう人の条件 **を** しっかり備えちゃってる\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-11T05:33:41.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24943",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-21T00:08:22.147",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 16,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of adding と?",
"view_count": 2032
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{
"body": "> 1.「Onomatopoeic Adverb + Verb/Verb Phrase」\n>\n> 2.「Onomatopoeic Adverb + **と** + Verb/Verb Phrase」\n\nThe difference between the two in meaning and nuance is fairly subtle and\nminimal and both are equally correct.\n\nWhen 「と」 is added, it can sound _slightly_ more formal and for that reason, it\ntends to be more often used in writing than in speaking. The 「と」 places a\nsmall amount of emphasis on the onomatopoeic adverb as well. Please note,\nhowever, that these are merely tendencies and are, by no means, rules.\n\n> Also what's the difference the following two?\n>\n> 美人っていう人の条件しっかり **と** 備えちゃってる\n>\n> 美人っていう人の条件 **を** しっかり備えちゃってる\n\nThere is no difference in meaning -- none. Both sound pretty informal because\nof the 「ちゃってる」 endings. It just so happens that each entence omits one\nparticle.\n\nNeedless to say, 「～～ちゃってる」 is the colloquial form of 「～～てしまっている」.\n\nExtra:\n\n(For those of you who did not know, we have a _**ton**_ of onomatopoeic\nadverbs that are in the _**physical**_ form of\n\n> 「 **Kana + small っ + kana + り** 」＝「 **〇っ〇り** 」.\n\nHow many of these you can freely and actively use would be directly related to\nhow natural your Japanese is. We use a few of them on a daily basis.)\n\nA good list can be found here: [http://www.asahi-\nnet.or.jp/~QM4H-IIM/k010502.htm](http://www.asahi-\nnet.or.jp/%7EQM4H-IIM/k010502.htm)",
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] | 24943 | 24947 | 24947 |
{
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"body": "I can't figure out the reference of そのこと in the following passage. Does it\nmeans that この後の事態 is much more important than 成立しない会話? Or the opposite?\n\n> リリス「お兄さんのことを、今も君は考えている？」\n>\n> ソフィア「・・・・・・・・・・・・」\n>\n> リリス「・・・・・・そう。待っているのね、彼のことを」\n>\n> 返答は、相変わらずの沈黙だ。 それに伴い、階下の騒ぎも聞こえない。 沈静したのか、それともこれは嵐の前か・・・・・・\n>\n> リリス「どちらだと思う？ストライフが来てくれたらいいのだけど、彼は彼で忙しそうだし・・・・・・」\n>\n> リリス「それでも待ってみましょうか。貴女は彼を、私は・・・・・・そうね、あの人を。待つ女っていうのも、それほど悪いものじゃないと思わない？」\n>\n> ソフィア「・・・・・・・・・・・・」\n>\n> 先ほどから成立しない会話を、しかしリリスは楽しんでいるようだった。少なくともそう、この後に事態はどう転ぶのか・・・・・・ **そのこと**\n> よりも重要だ。\n>\n> リリス「・・・・・・マスター、駒はそろいました。後は貴方にお任せします」\n>\n> どこか祈るようなリリスの声に、答えるものは・・・・・・\n\nMaster is not ソフィア, he doesn't even present in this scene.",
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"grammar"
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"title": "Reference of そのこと in the following passage",
"view_count": 177
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{
"body": "It is neither.\n\nIt is saying that the fact that 「リリスがその会話を **楽しんでいること** 」 right this moment is\nmore important than 「この後に事態はどう転ぶのかということ」.",
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"body": "All three of these seem to translate to influence/affect. Are there any\ndifferences in meaning? Or are they interchangeable? I can't figure anything\nout by looking at example sentences (although I have a feeling one of them has\na negative connotation).\n\nOne of these example sentences I found (from jisho.org) is:\n\n> 彼の父親は彼によい影響を与えた \n> His father had a good influence on him\n\nIs there a reason 与える is used here? Or could the others have been used here as\nwell (assuming any necessary shifts in grammar are made)?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Differences between する, 及ぼす, 与える with 影響?",
"view_count": 480
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{
"body": "> * 影響する\n> * 影響を与える\n> * 影響を及ぼす\n>\n\n * 影響する is grammatically different from the other two; it is one verb, and cannot be modified by the dictionary form of an adjective like よい (\"よい影響する\" is wrong).\n * \"父親は彼によく影響する\" is grammatically correct, but it sounds more like \"to affect strongly\" rather than \"to have a good effect/influence\".\n * 影響を与える and 影響を及ぼす are semantically the same, but I feel 及ぼす is not frequently used except in formal situations or technical articles. I think \"彼によい影響を及ぼした\" is perfect in a written biography, but sounds too grandiose in a conversation. \"よい影響を与えた\" is better, but it's still a bit stiff. A more natural expression in a conversation would be \"父親がいて彼にはいい影響があった\".\n * I found one [person who feels 影響を及ぼす has a negative connotation](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1024117990), but personally I don't think so.",
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"body": "I understand that と見える can come after a noun, a verb and an i-adjective and\nmeans 'seems'. Could you please provide some simple examples of how to use\nthis construct with a **noun**? I can't think of an example where this would\nbe meaningful.\n\nFor i-adjectives does the following examples have different meaning/nuance\nおいしいと見える and おいしそうだ\n\nAlso, I can't figure out how it works in this quote:\n\n> 私には本物の若殿様がわかります。\n>\n> 若様は手習いのあとと見えて、手に墨がついております。」\n>\n> I know who the real young lord is. _**It seems it is after**_ the young\n> lord's writing practice and his hands are stained with ink.\n\nIn this case と見える doesn't come after noun, verb or adjective and my\ntranslation sounds very clumsy. Thanks.",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Use of と見える in this sentence",
"view_count": 1130
} | [
{
"body": "**美味しいと見える** does not work as grammar. If Japanese people say it, it means the\nsame as **おいしそうだ**.",
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"body": "Here it means simply \"to see\", but I think it means more appears than that and\nmore than \"seems\". I think the idea is that what is seen is clear and\napparent. For example:\n\n> 竜巻のあとと見えて、風速がEF5のしきいを超えたことをすぐに理解できる。\n>\n> Upon seeing the ruins/remains/trace of the tornado, it's easy to understand\n> the wind speeds were in the realm of an\n> [EF5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Fujita_scale).\n\nThough that's just my opinion.",
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"body": "と can be used with either a sentence or a noun.\n\n```\n\n with 思う\n 彼は正しいと思う (with sentence, \"[I] think he is right\")\n これを形見と思う (with noun, \"[I] think of it as a keepsake\")\n \n with 見られる\n 地震が原因で倒壊したとみられる (with sentence, \"[It] collapsed probably due to the earthquake\")\n 地震が原因と見られる (with noun, \"the earthquake is probably the cause\")\n \n```\n\n～と見える means \"it seems that...\". However, it is considered very formal or old.\n\n```\n\n 先生はお忙しいと見える (with sentence, \"The professor seems to be busy.\")\n 先生は多忙と見える (with noun, same meaning)\n \n```\n\nSome more... 彼はなかなかの秀才と見え、あの問題を一瞬で解いてしまった (he seems very talented, and solved\nthat problem in an instant.) やつはなかなかの堅物と見える (that guy seems too serious)\n\nYour example\n\n```\n\n おいしいと見える\n \n```\n\nis correct but very unnatural, because it combines informal/conversational\n(おいしい) and formal/historic (～と見える) words. (By the way, おいしいと見える is\nsentence+～と見える、with the sentence's subject etc. are let out).\n\nThat said, the difference between ～そうだ and ～と見える in\n\n```\n\n 先生はお忙しそうだ\n 先生は多忙と見える\n \n```\n\nis that, as I already said, the latter is much more formal (but not 敬語. The\npolite version is 先生はご多忙とお見受けする)\n\n```\n\n 若様は手習いのあとと見えて\n It seems it is after the young lord's writing practice,\n \n```\n\nThe meaning of あと is \"after,\" but grammatically it is a noun in Japanese.",
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{
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"body": "# English\n\nWhat function is に serving in this sentence (the speaker has been asked to\npick out the real lord from a group of people):\n\n> 私 **に** は本物の若殿様がわかります\n>\n> I know who the real young lord is\n\nIt seems to me that the sentence would make perfect sense without に.\n\n# Japanese\n\nこの文の「に」の役割はなんですか？（話し手は少数の人から本物の若殿を選び出すように言われました）\n\n> 私 **に** は本物の若殿様がわかります\n>\n> I know who the real young lord is\n\n私には、「に」がなくても意味は変わらないように思えますが、どうなんでしょうか？",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Use of に in 「私には本物の若殿様がわかります」",
"view_count": 2074
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{
"body": "わかる is a potential verb. Potential verbs sometimes take に or には to contrast or\nemphasize their subjects. So 私にはわかります means ‘I know it while others probably\ndo not.’ Examples are:\n\n> 彼 **にできる** ことなら私 **に** も **できる** 。 I can do what he can do.\n>\n> あなた **に** 私の気持ちが **わかる** ？ Do you know how I feel?\n>\n> あの子 **に** は幽霊が **見える** んだ。 That kid sees ghosts (while we don't).",
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"body": "After a bit of research I've tentatively convinced myself that this is the\nanswer:\n\nわかります is acting as a passive verb 'to be known' rather than 'to know' or 'to\nunderstand'. In which case に is marking the agent of the action, so the\nsentence literally translates as 'the real young lord is known **by** me.\n\nWithout に it would become 'I understand the real young lord' which is a\ntotally different meaning.",
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"body": "> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/167736/meaning/m0u/> 《格助詞「に」＋係助詞「は」》\n>\n> １． 「に」の付いた部分を強める意を表す。 「僕―わかっている」 「ここ―ない」 「わざわざ出向く―当たらない」\n\nThat's all that's in the dictionary, which says 「は」 just adds emphasis.\n\n私に本物の若殿様がわかります \n私には本物の若殿様がわかります\n\nI don't know. 私には分かる、鳥には見える、犬には聞こえる・・・ These seem kind of special to me. I\nlike Naho's \"Potential verbs\" explanation.\n\n「僕に出来る」「僕には出来る」だったら、just adds emphasis.で説明できるようだが。 \n「分かる」が「受け身」だという説明にも何だか捨て難いものが有るな。\n\nしかし本題は「に」なんですね！\n\n> [Why is には used in this sentence instead of\n> は?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39861/16344) なぜ殺されたのか君には分からないのですか?\n\n * 君は分かるか？ 「Do you understand?」\n\n * 君に分かるか？ （この「に」は何なんだ？）\n\n * 君には分かるか？ Just emphasis of the above.\n\n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/166083/meaning/m0u/> \n> ６． 動作・作用の行われる対象・相手を表す。「人―よくかみつく犬」「友人―伝える」 \n> 10． 受け身・使役の相手・対象を表す。「犬―かまれた」「巣箱を子供たち―作らせる」 \n> 11． 比較・割合の基準や、比較の対象を表す。「君―似ている」「一日―三回服用する」\n\n（この「に」は何なんだ？） I could not choose between the three candidates and gave up. I\ndecided to ask Mr. Niwa :\n\n> <http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/04dousibun.html> のキャッシュです。 \n> 10． 彼には子どもはありません。 \n> 11． 私にはそれが聞こえましたが、彼には聞こえなかったようです。\n>\n>\n> 以上のような、能力・所有などを表す動詞とともに使われる「Ｎに」があります。主体、あるいは所有者とすることも考えられますが、「抽象的な場所」としておきます。\n\nMr. Niwa's answer : 「抽象的な場所」 ！ ！ ！\n\n> <http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/07kakujosi.html> のキャッシュです。 \n> 7.3 に\n>\n> ② 存在の場所 （物理的・抽象的） 家にいる、 結論に問題がある、 この病気は子どもに多い\n\n* * *\n\n「抽象的な場所」 ねぇ・・・ まぁ、落ち着いて考えてみると、（私にも）かなり納得できるな。\n\n「それが聞こえた」 というのを意思とは関係なしに自動的に起きる自然現象のようにとらえて、 「私にそれが聞こえた」 と、 その現象が起きる 「抽象的な場所」\nを示す。\n\n「君に分かるか？」 「君には分かるか？」 私には分かる、鳥には見える、犬には聞こえる・・・\nこういうのも、意思や努力とは無関係に起きる事象であると見ることもできる。\n\nそう私には感じられる。 （ ← これは 「受け身」 か？ ）",
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{
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"body": "I only know that both mean \"easy\". But when would I use 簡単{かんたん} or 易しい{やさしい}\nrespectively?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 簡単{かんたん} and 易しい{やさしい}",
"view_count": 12767
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{
"body": "**Overall:**\n\n> 簡単(な) means \"simple\"\n>\n> 易し(い) means \"easy\"\n\n* * *\n\n簡単(な) means \"simple\" rather than easy. For instance, simplified Chinese\ncharacters are known as 簡体字 (simplified characters) using the first kanji of\nthis compound. Simple is an excellent English translation for the word, and it\nmeets the meaning and feeling of the word well.\n\n易しい is firstly an adjective. You can use it as you use \"easy\" in English,\nrather than \"simple\" for 簡単. For instance saying a test is easy, or that it's\neasy to achieve some goal, like an easy test, all use this word. 易し **さ**\nrefers to the \"easiness\" of something, using the same さ suffix seen in 長さ and\n大きさ to describe \"-ness\" of some qualitative adjective.\n\nA 3rd choice you left out that also helps us understand 易しい better is 易{やす}い.\nThe same kanji is used in this as 易しい, and the word is appended to the end of\nverbs to say that something was easy **to do**. 例えば\n\n> 日本語が分かり易いです （英：Japanese is easy to understand）",
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"body": "As always, \"translated words\" can often get in the way of understanding the\nwords in the context of their original language. You would need to \"forget\"\nfor a moment the word \"easy\". That is just too easy a definition.\n\nThere is some interchangeability between the two words, especially in more\ninformal speech, but there actually exists a difference in meaning between the\ntwo, making the words uninterchangeable in many situations.\n\n> 「簡単」 has to do with an **_objective_** kind of simplisity and brevity.\n\nSuppose I wrote my answer to this question in just two short sentences. That\nwould certainly be a 「簡単な[回答]{かいとう}」, but not necessarily a 「易しい回答」. It is\nsimple and brief, sure, but is it \" **user-friendly** \"? If you did not feel\nmy short answer helped you understand the matter much, you would not call my\nanswer 「易しい」.\n\nPeople sometimes have to have a 「簡単な」 dinner, write a 「簡単な」 email, do a 「簡単な」\nbedmaking or car wash, etc. for a lack of time or other reasons. Point is you\ndo not call any of these 「易しい」.\n\nFollowing me so far?\n\n> 「易しい」 is often more of a **_subjective_** opinion.\n\nIt is originally the same word as 「[優]{やさ}しい」= \"gentle\", \"friendly\", etc.,\nwhich is why I used the term \"user-friendly\" a while back.\n\nIf you find, for instance, this explanation of mine easy to understand so far,\nyou could call it 「易しい」, but since I have already written more than a few\nsentences, you would **_not_** call it 「簡単」. I would feel like I have wasted\nmy time if anyone called it 「簡単な[説明]{せつめい}」.\n\nSo, as I stated in the beginning, in informal real-life settings, native\nspeakers (myself included) sometimes do use the two words interchangeablly,\nbut there is a not-so-small difference officially and historically.",
"comment_count": 0,
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] | 24956 | 24961 | 24961 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24963",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that describes an action happened a bit before and is catching up\nto now, but my materials have been nebulous on clarifying that in practical\nterms. It uses 明日、漫画を持ってくる as example of how it can be used to describe\nbringing something, 先生を歩いてくる, as one of someone that comes walking,\nメキシコに行ってきます as one for going and coming back, 雪が降ってくる as one for the snow\nstarting to fall and ワインを買ってくる as one for someone who does something and comes\nback, but it doesn't clarify those any further than that. Am I missing\nsomething?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-12T02:26:55.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What are the subtleties of \"て Form＋くる\"?",
"view_count": 190
} | [
{
"body": "There are lots of different ways to use -てくる, ranging from physical movement\nto the flow of time. But they can all be boiled down to 3 main concepts:\n\n 1. **To do something and return.**\n\nKnowing the function of the て form, this is pretty straightforward- it is\nsimply connecting a series of sequential events. First, you did something, and\nthen you came (back/here).\n\n> ワインを買ってくる \n> I bought the wine and then came (home).\n\nThe verb in the て form can even be the complete opposite of くる, and it's still\nthe same thing.\n\n> メキシコに行ってきます \n> I will go to Mexico and come (back).\n\n 2. **To describe a motion coming towards the speaker.**\n\nYou could just use くる on its own, but doing it this way allows the speaker to\nbe more descriptive. Were they walking? Running? Flying? You can easily\ndescribe how they came, or what they were doing as they were coming.\n\n> 先生が歩いてくる \n> The teacher is walking (towards me). Or _the teacher comes walking_. \n> 明日、漫画を持ってくる \n> Tomorrow, I will bring a manga. (I will hold a manga as I am coming.)\n\n 3. **To describe how things have changed or how they will change.**\n\nWhen used in the present tense, -てくる means the action has already started, is\nstill happening, and will continue into the future.\n\n> 雪が降ってくる \n> It has (just) started to snow (and it will snow from now into the future).\n\nWhen used in the past tense, -てきた means the action has happened from the past\nuntil now.\n\n> 寒くなってきた \n> It's been getting cold (up until now).\n\nIt seems to be a common misunderstanding that ていく always describes a change\nfrom now into the future, and てくる does the opposite. This is **only true** if\nthe former is in the present tense and the latter is in the past. The reality\nis that if _either_ of them are in the past tense, it means from the past\nuntil (no later than) the present, and if they're in the present tense then it\nmeans from the present (or before) into the future. (The difference between\nてくる and ていく in this regard is a separate topic.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-12T04:48:16.767",
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}
] | 24962 | 24963 | 24963 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24968",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 怪物を退治し、人々を救い、囚われの姫様を助け出す、最高に格好良い英雄達のように自分もなりたい **と** 、当時の僕は本気でそんな夢を抱いていた。\n\nCould someone explain to me what the と does at the end of the sentence? Is it\nused as a quoting particle?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-12T10:41:14.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24965",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-06-12T12:08:47.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What does と do in this sentence?",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "> 怪物を退治し、人々を救い、囚われの姫様を助け出す、最高に格好良い英雄達のように自分もなりたい **と** 、当時の僕は本気でそんな夢を抱いていた。\n\n**＝**\n\n> 『怪物を退治し、人々を救い、囚われの姫様を助け出す、最高に格好良い英雄達のように自分もなりたい。』 **と** 、当時の僕は本気でそんな夢を抱いていた。\n\nThis 「と」 is the quotative particle. The inside of the 『 』 is what the speaker\nseriously thought to himself back then. It is what 「そんな夢」 refers to as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-12T12:11:54.057",
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{
"body": "Consider the following chain of sentences.\n\n> 自分もなりたいと思った。 \n> 自分もなりたいと、僕は思った。 \n> 自分もなりたいと、当時の僕は思った。 \n> 自分もなりたいと、当時の僕は本気で思った。 \n> 自分もなりたいと、当時の僕は本気でそんな夢を抱いていた。\n\nNow consider it in reverse order. Are you still in doubt as to whether と here\nis the quoting particle?",
"comment_count": 0,
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] | 24965 | 24968 | 24968 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24975",
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"body": "My question is about the usage and meaning of いや in response to questions.\nTake, for example, the 2 examples below.\n\n1)\n\n> 「僕たちは、もっと親睦を深める必要があると思うのでござるよ」\n>\n> 「いきなりどうしたのよ、何か思うところでも？」\n>\n> 「いや、常日頃から思っていたのでござるが、こう、色々と釈然としないのでござるよ」\n\n2)\n\n> 「ジューゾーくんも、盛り上げ役、ご苦労さま。 喉渇いたでしょう？」\n>\n> 木陰で休んでいたジューゾーに果汁を混ぜた冷水を渡し、ミントは目を細めて微笑う。\n>\n> 「いやぁ、折角こうして遠方から集まり、縁を得たのでござるから、仲良くなっておかねば損というもの！皆も楽しんでいるようで、一安心でござる」\n\nFrom what I see, the usage of いや in response to a question like this can\neither mean \"that's wrong/not true etc.\" i.e. saying that what the other\nperson just said is not \"correct\", or it can be used as a sort of filler that\ncomes at the start of a sentence similar to how one might use \"well\" in\nEnglish. Looking at the above three lines I was thinking which one (or whether\nboth) of these usages fits better. Since She asked him that and later in his\nresponse he gives a very vague and unspecific response by using 色々と(even\nthough he clearly does as is evident very shortly afterwards). Or is it used\nas a sort of filler before he starts speaking, as he clearly didn't want to be\nasked this question (as is obvious from the way he answered it)?.\n\nCan anyone clarify how いや is used in response to questions like this in\ngeneral, and in this specific case?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-12T11:51:35.463",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "The usage of いや in response to questions",
"view_count": 9058
} | [
{
"body": "In both cases, 「いや」 is used only as an interjection (a \"filler\" in your word),\nwhich is the equivalent of something like \"well, um\" or \"well, you know\". It\ndoes not really mean anything important.\n\nWe actually use this 「いや」 **_quite_** often in informal speech (mostly in\nspeaking) just to create a momentary pause before making a statement. And from\npersonal experience, I know Japanese-learners tend to take this 「いや」 to mean\n\"no\" by mistake.\n\nWhether 「いや」 is being used as an interjection or as a casual \"no\" depends\nsolely on the context. So, let us examine the context where 「いや」 is used in\nyour examples.\n\n1) Someone says to you 「いきなりどうしたのよ、何か思うところでも？」= \"What's this about all of a\nsudden? Got something on your mind?\"\n\nThen you reply 「いや、常日頃から思っていたのでござるが、こう、色々と釈然としないのでござるよ。」= \"いや、 I've always\nbeen thinking 'bout this, like, how things have kinda remained unexplained\n(between us).\"\n\nYou indeed have something on your mind here, don't you? That is why this is\nnot a place to say 'no'. That 「いや」 is a quintessential filler.\n\nThe quintessential fillers using 「いや」 often come in the forms:\n\n> 「いや」、「いやね」、「いやな」、「いやいや」、「いやその」、「いやまあ」、「いや、それがね」、「いや、それがですね」、「いやあああ～」, etc.\n\nAmong those, 「いや」 and 「いやいや」 could be used as a casual 'no' depending on the\ncontext. Others will always be interjections. (At least, I am being unable to\nthink of an exception at the moment.)\n\n2) You are only making a comment of your own will. Since you are not answering\na question, that is no place to say 'yes' or 'no' in the first place. 「いやぁ」 is\nan interjection.\n\nThat is not a negative answer to the question 「喉渇いたでしょう？」 as 「いやぁ」 all by\nitself is nowhere near a natural negative answer to the question \"Aren't you\nthirsty?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-13T00:07:13.960",
"id": "24975",
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}
] | 24967 | 24975 | 24975 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24971",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 頭痛に頭を掻き毟り{むしり}つつ、震えるもう片方の手が宙を泳いだ。\n\nDoes もう modify 泳いだ here, as in \"already moved (lit. swam through air/space)\"?\nSo that \"while X (tearing hair with one hand due to headache), the trembling\nother hand **already** moved\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-12T12:16:10.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24970",
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"owner_user_id": "10334",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs",
"parsing"
],
"title": "What role does もう play in this sentence?",
"view_count": 100
} | [
{
"body": "The もう here is the same as the one in もう一つ \"another one\".\n\nIn your example sentence, [he] is scratching off his head with one arm. **The\nother** , shaking arm [was trying to swim in the air or whatever].\n\nSo, もう片方の手 means \"the other arm\" (as opposed to \"the one arm\").\n\nThis もう can be used with arms, items, people, anything. Like\n\n> 二人の男の人を見た。一人は帽子をかぶって、 **もう** 一人は杖をついていた。 \n> I saw two men. One wearing a hat, the other one with a walking stick.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-12T12:36:44.177",
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}
] | 24970 | 24971 | 24971 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24980",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When to read a character as 中{なか}, and when to read it as 中{ちゅう}?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-12T16:33:30.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24973",
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"owner_user_id": "6895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji"
],
"title": "中{なか} vs 中{ちゅう}",
"view_count": 984
} | [
{
"body": "I may be wrong, sorry for that. But I think that 中{なか} can be used by itself.\nFor example: 猫{ねこ}は部屋{へや}の中{なか}にいます。 - Cat is in a room. (lit. Cat exists in a\nroom.) \nWhereas 中{ちゅう} can't be used by itself but must be a part of a word. For\nexample: 中{ちゅう}学{がく}生{せい} - Middle school student.\n\nI think that's it. By the way: 中{なか} is kun-reading, and 中{ちゅう} - on-reading.\nKun-readings are mostly used by themselves but on-readings, in most cases, are\npart of a word(s).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-13T00:18:14.697",
"id": "24977",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "「中」（ちゅう） is an 音読み ( _onyomi_ ) so it is [used in multi- _kanji_ compound\nwords and words that do not end in\n_hiragana_](http://www.tofugu.com/2010/03/23/the-types-of-kanji-in-japanese-\nonyomi-vs-kunyomi/) （途中 [ _tochuu_ ], 午前中 [ _gozenchuu_ ], 中心 [ _chuushin_ ],\n中途半端 [ _chuutohanpa_ ]）.\n\n「中」（なか） can be a stand-alone word in a sentence. However, it can also be used\nin combinations （仲良し [ _nakayoshi_ ], 仲直り [ _nakanaori_ ], 真夜中 [ _mayonaka_\n]), place names （中野区 [Nakano- _ku_ ], 中川区 [Nakagawa- _ku_ ]), and surnames （田中\n[Tanaka], 中西 [Nakanishi]), etc.\n\nIf you are in a situation where you need to guess on the pronunciation in a\nmulti- _kanji_ compound word, guess なか if it is the first _kanji_ in the word\nand guess ちゅう if it is the last _kanji_ in the word.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T01:36:13.837",
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}
] | 24973 | 24980 | 24977 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24991",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I began reading manga (To Loveる) and I saw something I don't understand or\nrather why it is used there.\n\nThe sentence is:\n\n> まさか こんな“辺境”にまでお逃げに **なられるとは** ねエ・・・\n\nI mostly understand but there's the ending part that makes me confused.\n\n 1. Why is と even used there? \n 2. And what's with は? Is it like ending-particle わ?\n 3. And one more: why is there used passive form of なる (なられる)?\n\nSorry for asking a lot! It would be great help if you could help me get it\nright.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-13T00:09:32.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24976",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particles",
"manga"
],
"title": "Help with お逃げになられるとは",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "> 「まさか、こんな”[辺境]{へんきょう}”にまでお[逃]{に}げになられるとはねエ・・・ 」\n\nTo give it my own TL,\n\n**_\"Good Lord! How you/he/she escaped all the way to this remote place!\"_**\n\n> Why is と even used there? And what's with は?\n\nIt is 「とは」 that we should be looking at here.\n\n「～～～とは」 expresses the speaker's surprise, anger, excitement, etc. The\nimportant thing is that one can end a sentence with this 「とは」 without directly\nstating how one feels about an event/situation. The sentence in question is\nactually an example of this. The 「ねエ」 ending does not count as a meaningful\nstatement. How the speaker feels is left unsaid. Thus, the 「・・・」 at the end.\n\n> Is it like ending-particle わ?\n\nNo, it is nothing like 「わ」. To end a sentence with 「わ」, you need to make a\nmeaningful statement first and then, you add a 「わ」 at the end.\n\n> why is there used passive form of なる (なられる)?\n\nThat is not the passive voice; It is the honorific speech. The speaker is\nbeing respectful to the person who ran away.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-13T10:05:31.730",
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}
] | 24976 | 24991 | 24991 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I'm living in Japan right now, and I've been stocking up on idioms to make\nmy speaking a little less stilted. In English, I like to proceed an idiom with\nsomething like \"You know what they say,\" or \"We have a saying-\" but I can't\nfind a similar structure in Japanese via googling, and of course Genki isn't\nvery useful either. Is there something like that in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-13T00:29:48.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24978",
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"owner_user_id": "10341",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "\"You know what they say...\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 1124
} | [
{
"body": "I think you could say:\n\n> (ほら、)よく言うでしょう、～～って。 \n> (ほら、)よく言うだろう、～～って。 (← casual, masculine) \n> (ほら、)よく言うじゃないですか、～～って。 \n> (ほら、)よく言うじゃない、～～って。(← casual, a bit feminine) \n> etc...",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T04:25:04.620",
"id": "24982",
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}
] | 24978 | null | 24982 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Why are the words\n[「とうもろこし」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/17398/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B7-why-\nkana-what-is-the-etymology) and 「とうきび」 so commonly used in Hokkaido, whereas\n「コーン」 seems to be more commonly used on the other islands of Japan?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-13T01:26:04.613",
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"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Why are the words 「とうもろこし」 and 「とうきび」 used more commonly in Hokkaido than 「コーン」?",
"view_count": 133
} | [
{
"body": "As a main islander, I can assure you that almost no one down here would call a\nwhole ear of corn コーン. We actually use とうもろこし for that 99% of the time .\n\nWhat we call コーン in Honshu are:\n\n**_Corn \"kernels\" sold canned or frozen, corn as a side dish, corn as a\ntopping on pizza or ramen, etc._**\n\nI have been to Hokkaido 12-13 times, but my impression is that this is not any\ndifferent up there except for the fact that quite a few Dosanko call an ear of\ncorn とうきび instead of とうもろこし.\n\n「[道産子]{どさんこ}」 means \"Hokkaido person(s)\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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] | 24979 | null | 24985 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24986",
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"body": "> 風颯々｛かぜさっさつ｝として松の梢｛こずえ｝を吹く. The wind murmurs in the boughs of the pine trees.\n> ｜ The breeze is soughing in the pine tops. (研究社 新和英大辞典 第５版)\n\nWhy isn't 風 here followed by a case marker like は or がif it's treated as the\nsubject of the predicate (颯々として松の梢を吹く)?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "Why is there no agent marker in this sentence?",
"view_count": 73
} | [
{
"body": "The only reason is that that is a poetic expression, not a sentence from\n\"regular\" prose; therefore, one should not apply the prose grammar to it.\n\nInsert a 「は」 and the sentence will sound much less poetic.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T06:24:36.883",
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] | 24983 | 24986 | 24986 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24988",
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"body": "What would be the difference in meaning between:\n\n> 富と名声とか、そういったのを求めている人達と中身は変わらないような **気はちょっとするんだけど。**\n\nand\n\n> 富と名声とか、そういったのを求めている人達と中身は変わらないような **気がちょっとするんだけど。**\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 気がする and 気はする?",
"view_count": 854
} | [
{
"body": "There is a subtle difference in nuance, if not in meaning, between the two.\n\nBy sayng 「気 **は** する」, you would sound just a little bit less sure of what you\nare saying than when you use 「気 **が** する」.\n\nEven adding a word like 「ちょっと」 would not really change the degree of\n\"sureness\" expressed by 「気 **が** する」.",
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] | 24984 | 24988 | 24988 |
{
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"body": "How can one use 二週間 to say, \"In two weeks from today, I am going to Tokyo.\"\n\nI am confused on how one would use particles here and I need some help.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T06:29:01.527",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"time"
],
"title": "How 二週間 can be used to say \"In two weeks...\"",
"view_count": 5154
} | [
{
"body": "If it were me, I would say\n\n> 今日から二週間後[に]、東京へ行く。\n\nI don't think 後 is usually considered a particle (助詞).\n\n二週間 = a _duration_ of two weeks. So you need to express after that duration\nhas passed.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T10:11:49.443",
"id": "24992",
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},
{
"body": "Two other ways to say this:\n\n> 二週間したら東京へ行く。\n>\n> 二週間[経]{た}ったら東京へ行く。\n\nThe verb する in the first one is roughly equivalent to the verb 経つ in the\nsecond one, and both mean \"to pass time\".",
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"creation_date": "2016-02-09T13:37:16.660",
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] | 24987 | null | 24992 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "24990",
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"body": "In the case in question, my intention is to say that something is good, but\nisn't unusually delicious.\n\nMy attempt has been\n\n> いい味がしますが、非常に美味しいじゃありません。\n\nMy concern is that I've made an error in the second part in saying 美味しいじゃありません\nrather than 美味しくない.\n\nIs this right, and if not, what is a correct and natural way to say it\ninstead?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T08:37:32.320",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "How to say something is not unusually x",
"view_count": 275
} | [
{
"body": "> いい味がしますが、非常に美味しいじゃありません。\n\n「おいしいじゃありません。」 (i-adjective + じゃありません。 / じゃないです。) sounds ungrammatical (even\nthough you can say 「おいしいじゃありませんか！」「おいしいじゃないですか！」 \"It's good, isn't it?\" /\n\"Isn't it good?\").\n\nI think you could say more like:\n\n> ｛いい味 **は** しますが、 / 味はいいですが｝、非常においしい｛というわけでは / というほどでは / というほどでも｝ありません。\n\nAlternatively, I think you could also say:\n\n> * まあ普通においしい｛けど / ですが｝、ものすごくおいしい｛というわけでは / というほどでも｝ありません。\n> * まあまあおいしい｛けど / ですが｝、｛びっくりするほど* / 驚くほど｝おいしい｛というわけでは / ということは｝ありません。\n> * 普通においしい｛けど / ですが｝、びっくりするほど*ではありません。\n>\n\netc... \n*びっくりするほど would sound casual and colloquial.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T08:52:19.777",
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}
] | 24989 | 24990 | 24990 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25016",
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"body": "I am trying to teach myself some Japanese and I wanted to find out how to say\n\"I don't trust anyone\" or \"I no longer trust this person (because of a bad\nexperience\".\n\nSo I thought it was a good idea to use [Google\ntranslate](https://translate.google.com) and I got the following confusing\nresults:\n\n> \"I cannot trust anyone\" gets translated to \"私は誰を信頼することはできません\"\n\nbut\n\n> \"I don't trust anyone\" gets translated to \"私は誰を信用していません\"\n\neven though the meaning of the word trust in both English sentences is the\nsame (as there is only one meaning of \"to trust someone\" in English).\n\nNext I tried \"I don't trust you\" which gets translated to \"私はあなたを信頼していません\".\n\nBut why not \"私はあなたを信用していません\"?\n\n> Please could one of the native speakers here on this forum explain to me the\n> nuances of 信用 and 信頼？\n\nPersonally, completely disregarding Google translate, I would say\n\n> \"（あなたに)信用しないよ\"\n\nin a situation where for example the person I am talking to suggests to pick\nme up and drive me to the airport in time to catch a flight but I express my\nconcern about their reliability.\n\n> And what would a spouse say to their better half after being cheated on?\n> \"あんたに信頼できない\"?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T12:25:34.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "24993",
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"owner_user_id": "10344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 信用 and 信頼 and when to use which?",
"view_count": 2521
} | [
{
"body": "A Japanese thesaurus has [an\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/thsrs/8619/m0u/%E4%BF%A1/).\n\nIn short, 信用 means that you believe them not to lie to you, and 信頼 that you\ntrust them to work as you expected. These are often but other aspects of the\nsame matter, but for example, a clever lawyer might be 信用できないが信頼できる to the\nclient, and your nice but incompetent friend is 信用できるが信頼できない to you.\n\nUnfortunately, Google Translate is 信用も信頼もできない. The result you got was likely\nto be an accidental difference in the source text (for \"trust\" can be\ntranslated either way) of parallel corpora they use. \n(And it totally failed to translate \"not any\" construction into meaningful\nexpression.)\n\nPS \nBoth 信用 and 信頼 take objects with を case. Google was right on this point.",
"comment_count": 3,
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] | 24993 | 25016 | 25016 |
{
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"body": "I've been reading a novel and found this sentence.\n\n> 牛のデカイ後頭部を見下ろしたの **もつか** の間、頭部と胴体の間から鳩がでてきた.\n\nWhat does もつか mean here?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T14:40:27.930",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 「もつか」 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "You are parsing the phrase incorrectly.\n\nIt is 「～～も/つかの間」.\n\n「つかの[間]{ま}」 means a \"moment\".\n\n> 「Phrase A + も + つかの間、 + Phrase B」\n\n= **\"B happens as soon as A happens.\"**\n\n**_\"No sooner had I looked down on the back of the cow's huge head than a\npigeon popped out from between its head and body.\"_**\n\n(What in the world am I translating in the middle of the night?)",
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] | 24995 | null | 24996 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25038",
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"body": "I'm wondering about this specific piece of grammar. I think you use \"wakaru\",\nbut what do you use it with? Do you use a particle, like \"to\" or maybe some\nother construction?\n\nFor example, if you wanted to say: \"She understood that time was running\nout.\", what would you say/write?\n\n-- Thank you! ^^ (It says to not post this as a comment and somehow the\ncomment button doesn't even work for me... oh well.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T17:22:58.857",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "\"Understand that...\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 820
} | [
{
"body": "I would probably say something like :\n\n> 時間が尽きてることってわかっていた\n\nBut I am not a native speaker so this may not be the best one...",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T22:22:45.590",
"id": "25003",
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{
"body": "I'm also not a native speaker but I would write the following\n\n> 彼女は時間が少ししか残ってなかったことが理解していました。\n>\n> The girl understood (was aware) that there was little time left.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T00:48:30.693",
"id": "25023",
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"body": "You can say:\n\n> もう(あまり)時間がないとわかった。(She realized that...) \n> or \n> もう(あまり)時間がないとわかっていた。(She was aware that...)\n\nusing the quotative particle と. Or:\n\n> もう(あまり)時間がないことがわかった。(She realized...) \n> or \n> もう(あまり)時間がないことがわかっていた。(She was aware that...)\n\nusing the case particle が: 「～～が+わかる」\n\nIf you use 理解する, add the particle を:\n\n> もう(あまり)時間がないことを理解した。(She realized...) \n> or \n> もう(あまり)時間がないことを理解していた。(She was aware...)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T07:08:35.533",
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] | 24997 | 25038 | 25038 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25005",
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"body": "What's the meaning of という in 言うことを聞かないというのなら?\n\n> 言う事を聞かないというのなら \n> どうしてもというのなら \n> もし、君が例外だというのなら\n\nIn these examples the words in \"quotes\" were never directly said. Is it\ncorrect to view these usages as \"indirect quotes\" which represent the\nview/stance/etc. of the listener as interpreted by the speaker due to the\nlisteners actions/words? Or does it serve some other function?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T18:02:14.750",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "The meaning of という in 言うことを聞かないというのなら",
"view_count": 505
} | [
{
"body": "You are mostly on the right track. Those would not, however, be called\n\"indirect quotes\" if the words were not uttered in the first place.\n\"Interpretation\" is a good word for it as the 「～～」 part of 「～～というのなら」 is only\nwhat the speaker \"assumes\" to be true ; He did not \"hear\" it.\n\n「というのなら」 is close to \"if that is the case\", \"if that is what it means\" in\nmeaning (even though translating is less important than understanding and\nbecoming able to use the phrase).\n\nThere is a reason for writing it as 「いう」 instead of 「言う」. For a quote, whether\ndirect or indirect, 「言う」 would naturally be used because someone has actually\nmade a statement.\n\nYou can say 「言う事を聞かないというのなら～～～」 to your pet dog, for instance, when it is not\nobeying you. The dog did not say anything. It is just you interpreting or\nassuming from its actions. This is a good example because it contains both\n「言う」 and 「いう」. You say things to your dog, so that is 「言う」.",
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] | 24998 | 25005 | 25005 |
{
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"body": "\n\nWhat is the first kanji? Is it 宵?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T20:06:02.003",
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"owner_user_id": "10350",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Can someone please help me identify the first kanji in the image?",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's 宵{よい}の刻{こく}, and means \"evening time\". More info\n[here](http://classic.jisho.org/kanji/details/%E5%AE%B5).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-13T21:08:00.750",
"id": "25000",
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{
"body": "The first kanji is 宵{よい}, yes. The character alone means evening (though\nsometimes also leans towards a meaning of \"night\" in Chinese)\n\n> 宵{よい}の刻{こく}\n\nmeans \"evening\" under this context.\n\nDue to the constraints on size of characters and pixels, I suppose they could\nonly write one line in the 月 part for it to still be readable. Obviously a\ntrait of most video games of the time in Japanese (as is general awkwardness\nwith reading some Kanji, though context does often give it away).",
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{
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"body": "Just found a book and read the synopsis:\n\n> 余命一週間と宣告された“たまらん”こと玉木走太\n\nIs this equivalent in meaning to 洒落にならない?",
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"tags": [
"translation",
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],
"title": "What does 「たまらん」 mean?",
"view_count": 1193
} | [
{
"body": "In this particular case, たまらん is his nickname. たま comes from his surname 玉木(\n**たま** き), and らん is \" **run** \" which comes from his given name **走** 太(そうた).\nOf course, it's a pun for 堪らん =\n[堪らない](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84).",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "25007",
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"body": "I am interested to decompose どうかなさいましたか into its atomic words. My attempt is\nas follows, is it correct?\n\n * どうか\n * なさいました\n * か\n\nI don't know the dictionary form of なさいました. I totally get confused. How to\nparse どうかなさいましたか and what does it mean in English?",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
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"title": "How to parse どうかなさいましたか and what does it mean in English?",
"view_count": 1396
} | [
{
"body": "なさいました is the past tense form of なさいます, なさいます is the polite form of なさる, and\nなさる is an honorific form of する, \"do\", so なさいました means しました. どうかなさいましたか is the\nhonorific way of saying どうかしましたか？ \"What happened?\" \"What's the matter?\"",
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] | 25006 | 25007 | 25007 |
{
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"body": "Here is the sentence including the word.\n\n> 生{せい}活{かつ}費{ひ}そのほかいっさいのせわを丹{たん}下｛げ｝氏{し} **よりうけ**",
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"tags": [
"words",
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"renyōkei",
"particle-より"
],
"title": "What does the word 「よりうけ」 mean?",
"view_count": 162
} | [
{
"body": "より means \"from\" (similar to から). \nうけ(受け) is the 連用形 form of 受ける, \"to receive\", \"to be given\", etc.",
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] | 25008 | 25010 | 25010 |
{
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"body": "Are they the same or is there another wording that is しないのでなければ? What does the\nlatter mean? Does the するの in the front imply that it's something that has\nalready been done? I'm interpreting it as something like \"if it weren't for\"\nfrom the way it sounds but I'm not really sure about it. The more I think\nabout it, the more it seems like they can have the same meaning.",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"translation",
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],
"title": "The difference between しなければ and するのでなければ?",
"view_count": 345
} | [
{
"body": "するのでなければ is the same as しない(の)なら(ば).\n\nFor example, 日本へ行かなければ富士山は見られない means only after you go to Japan you can see\nMt Fuji, while サンフランシスコへ行くのでなければ花飾りはいらない means you don't need flower ornaments\nunless you are scheduled to go to Sanfrancisco.",
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{
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"body": "> 当初とすげ替わった目的、アイズ・ヴァレンシュタインさんのことも **含めて** 。\n\nI'm not sure what the て-form does in this sentence.\n\nCould it be short for ている?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
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"title": "What is the て-form doing in this sentence?",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "No, it can't be short for ている. ヴァレンシュタインさんのことも含めて means \"including things\nabout Wallenstein\"",
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"id": "25013",
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"body": "It's hard to say something definitive without more context, but it's probably\neither one of the followings:\n\n 1. The [te-form used as a request](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13003/5010). \"Please include things about Wallenstein, too.\"\n 2. The main verb after 含めて (教えてください, 話そう, etc.) is omitted, because it's already specified before this sentence. \"(Tell me about the incident.) Including things about Wallenstein.\"",
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{
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"body": "Context: Two friends had a spar and one of them beats the other one. The\nfollowing conversation then happens\n\n> 「お前、ちょっとは手加減しろよ」\n>\n> 「俺とお前の腕に大した差はないよ」\n>\n> 「なんかムカつくな」\n\nMy question is to what is the cause of this emotion. Is it due to the way the\nspeaker spoke as if they had little difference in skill (even though it was a\nrelatively quick and easy win), is it just a general phrase to express\nannoyance at his loss with nothing specific in mind?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"meaning",
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],
"title": "What does ムカつく refer to in this situation",
"view_count": 767
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{
"body": "> 「お前、ちょっとは手加減しろよ」\n>\n> 「俺とお前の腕に大した差はないよ」\n>\n> 「なんかムカつくな」\n\nIt depends though. This is usually stated out of arrogance or disgust of the\nspeaker (with regards to skill in this context).\n\nIn this case, the speaker expected a more challenging fight, but he got rather\ndisappointed.",
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"body": "「俺とお前の腕に大した差はないよ」というのは、つまり「俺とおまえの腕には、差が **ある** 。」ということだからです。「 **大した** 差は、\n**ない** 。」は、「少しは、差がある。」「俺のほうが腕が上だ。/\n俺のほうが強い。」ということを前提として(当たり前のこととして)言っていることになるので、こう言われると、普通、ムカつくと思います。\n\nBecause 「俺とお前の腕に **大した** 差はないよ」 means/implies there _is_ difference. This is\nlike \"(I'm stronger/better than you, but) the difference in our skills is not\nso big (that I have to do 手加減).\"",
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{
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"body": "I am a beginner in Japanese and so far, I've met two words for \"neighbor\": 隣人\n(りんじん) and となり, as in となりのトトロ :)\n\nIn Danish, there are different words for neighbor, depending on the location\nof his/her place in relation to yours. For example, the word for neighbor\nliving across the street is different from the word for neighbor living just\nnext house.\n\nDoes the word 隣人 give any information as for where the neighbor is located in\nrelation to my place? For example, is it neighbor to the left, or above (in\napartment complex) or across the street?\n\nIf there is no such separation, what is the most commonly used word for\n\"neighbor\" in Japanese?\n\nThank you for reading this far, and any answers are very appreciated!",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "neighbor, but on which side?",
"view_count": 4847
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{
"body": "First off, here are some terms for the word \"neighbor\".\n\n> 近所の人 （きんじょのひと）\n\nLiterally \"neighborhood person\" or \"person in your neighborhood\" within a\nhousing unit.\n\n> 隣席の人（りんせきのひと）\n\nUsed in seating arrangements.\n\n> 仲間 （なかま）\n\nFriend or \"Neighbor\" in a Biblical context.\n\n> 隣接 （りんせつ）\n\nThis is used in terms when using \"neighboring\" countries or such terms\ninvolving political connections.\n\n* * *\n\nIn your question\n\n> Does the word 隣人 give any information as for where the neighbor is located\n> in relation to my place? For example, is it neighbor to the left, or above\n> (in apartment complex) or across the street?\n\nとなりのひと、左の人、前の人、後ろのひと or 右のひと will suffice.\n\nHope this helps.",
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"body": "> In Danish, there are different words for neighbor, depending on the location\n> of his/her place in relation to yours. For example, the word for neighbor\n> living across the street is different from the word for neighbor living just\n> next house.\n\nWe have these words in Japanese, too; the neighbor living next door is\nお[隣]{とな}り(さん) or 隣りの人, across the street is お[向]{む}かい(さん) or 向かいの人, and next\nto お向かい (on the left/right) is ([左]{ひだり}/[右]{みぎ})[斜]{なな}め向かい or はす向かい.\n\n> Does the word 隣人 give any information as for where the neighbor is located\n> in relation to my place? For example, is it neighbor to the left, or above\n> (in apartment complex) or across the street?\n\n隣人 would be お隣りさん, neighbor living next door. 隣人 is literary and お隣りさん is\ncasual and conversational.\n\nNeighbor to the left/right is [左]{ひだり}[隣]{どな}り/[右]{みぎ}隣り, above in the\napartment complex is [上]{うえ}の人, 上の[階]{かい}の人, or [上階]{じょうかい}の人/[方]{かた}(more\nformal).\n\n> what is the most commonly used word for \"neighbor\" in Japanese?\n\nWe have ご[近所]{きんじょ}(さん) (casual), [隣近所]{となりきんじょ}(casual), 近所の人,\n[近隣]{きんりん}(住民/の人)(more formal), etc.",
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] | 25020 | 25034 | 25034 |
{
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"body": "\n\nThere is 格, then that kanji that i can't recognise, and then 内 and 庫. What\nkanji is that one in the between the first and the third one?",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Could someone help me identify this kanji?",
"view_count": 49
} | [] | 25021 | null | null |
{
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"body": "I've recently been reading Tobira and there was a sentence that I was really\nhaving trouble finding exactly what was going on in it.\n\n> そして、「どこに住んでるの？」と「い」を言わなかったり、「どこ、住んでるの？」と「に」を落として言ったりすると、もっとくだけた感じになります。\n\nI think I figured out the meaning which I would interpret as\n\n> \"Not saying the 「い」 in 「どこに住んでるの？」 and saying 「どこ、住んでるの？」 while dropping the\n> 「に」 gives a more relaxed impression.\"\n\nBut my issue is specifically with そして、「どこに住んでるの？」と「い」を言わなかったり,\n\nNormally, from my interpretation when a phrase marked with と followed by the\nverb 言う in this manner it would be quoting what was said/will be said.\nHowever, what's being said in this case seems to be marked with the を?\nIntuitively, I initially thought 「どこに住んでるの？」と「い」を言わなかったり carried the meaning\nof \"Not saying 「どこに住んでるの？」 and 「い」\".\n\nMy logic behind this being that the 言わなかったり is of course in the negative form.\nIf someone could breakdown the grammar for this example (especially regarding\nusing both particles in a single sentence with 言う) I would be super\nappreciative!\n\nI've seen the particle を with 言う a lot recently but haven't considered the\ndifferences between と and を with 言う until now. What exactly is the difference\nbetween using を or と with 言う and what are some cases one would be chosen over\nthe other?\n\nThanks!\n\nNote: The question this was claimed to be a duplicate of does not have an\nanswer that addresses the concurrent use of both particles within a single\nsentence.",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"quotes"
],
"title": "Using both と and を with the verb 言う？",
"view_count": 1561
} | [
{
"body": "◯◯を △△と 言う stands for \"to call ◯◯ △△\" or \"to express ◯◯ as △△ by utterance\".\n\nIn the case of ｢どこに住んでるの？｣と「い」を言わなかったり, you can regard it as \"she saved saying\nい like どこに住んでるの\".",
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T07:09:53.777",
"id": "25039",
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"body": "Here is my attempt on this question (made possible thanks to user4092's answer\nand comments):\n\n**〇〇と〜 can pretty much attach onto any predicate it wants to, and (literally\nspeaking) means \"do ~ with the sound of 〇〇\".** (Or even more relaxed maybe,\nlike \"do ~ with a resemblance to 〇〇.\")\n\nIt can even attach all the way outside of the negation (like in your sentence)\nassuming that there isn't something which needs to attach below the negation\nlike an object to its left.\n\nWhen you say 彼の名を太郎と言う, the syntax is like\n\n> 彼の名を太郎と言う \n> <[kare=NO na]=WO [tarou=TO iw]>-u \n> \"I say his name like 'tarou'.\"\n\nso if you negate it you get\n\n> 彼の名を太郎と言わない \n> <[kare=NO na]=WO [tarou=TO iw]>-anai \n> \"I don't say his name like 'tarou'.\"\n\nBut when you say a sentence like yours,\n\n> ｢どこに住んでるの？｣と「い」を言わない \n> _doko ni sunderu no_ =TO [[ _i_ =WO iw]-anai] \n> \"[not say 'i'] like 'doko ni sunderu no'\"\n\n(I speculate that this is in fact the same と as the one you generally find\nwith onomatopoeia such as ゆっくりと.)",
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] | 25022 | null | 25039 |
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"body": "This question is related to the questions\n([here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2123/do-people-actually-\nrespect-the-nuances-of-%E6%8E%A2%E3%81%99-vs-%E6%8D%9C%E3%81%99)) and\n([here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6426/same-reading-\nsimilar-meaning-different-kanji)) regarding a word or verb with multiple kanji\noptions, for example [作る、造る、創る] or [蔵、倉、庫]\n\nIs there a resource somewhere that will tell me the nuance differences in\nbetween the kanji? This can be in English or in Japanese. Teachers will often\ngive me a distinction, but I haven't found a way to look this up myself.",
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"homophonic-kanji",
"resources",
"dictionary",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Where can I find the nuance/meaning differences between words with different kanji options?",
"view_count": 935
} | [
{
"body": "There is an official document (「異字同訓の漢字の使い分け例」) that covers a number of these.\nFor example:\n\n> つくる ０８４ \n> 【作る】こしらえる。米を作る。規則を作る。新記録を作る。計画を作る。詩を作る。笑顔を作る。 \n> 会社を作る。機会を作る。組織を作る。 \n> 【造る】大きなものをこしらえる。醸造する。 \n> 船を造る。庭園を造る。宅地を造る。道路を造る。数寄屋造りの家。酒を造る。 \n> 【創る*】独創性のあるものを生み出す。 \n> 新しい文化を創（作）る。画期的な商品を創（作）り出す。 \n> * 一般的には「創る」の代わりに「作る」と表記しても差し支えないが，事柄の「独創性」を 明確に示したい場合には，「創る」を用いる。\n\nOr this, which is admittedly a little less helpful.\n\n> くら \n> 倉－倉敷料。倉荷証券。 \n> 蔵－蔵屋敷。蔵払い。\n\nSee links from the [Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%A8%93%E7%95%B0%E5%AD%97)\nor [online version](http://joyokanji.info/iji.html)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-15T04:50:15.830",
"id": "25030",
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"body": "While **ssb** ’s answer is absolutely sufficient, I want to point out—in\naddition—an English resource that some may not think of in these\ncircumstances.\n\nOf the three current, major kanji–English dictionaries (Nelson,\nSpahn–Hadamitzky and Halpern), Jack Halpern’s [New Japanese–English Character\nDictionary](http://www.kanji.org/kanji/dictionaries/njecd/njecd.htm) is\nactually rather well equipped with information suited for us beginners.\n\nThis is part of page 47 (and a small inset of page 46), covering about a fifth\nof the total entry for the kanji 作:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UKlcH.jpg)\n\nWhile the other kanji dictionaries in English cover more kanji and use a\n(slightly) more traditional radical look-up method, they come nowhere near the\namount of semantic information Halpern covers in this dictionary. They each\nhave their own strengths and weaknesses, and I would like to say that this is\nHalpern’s strength.\n\n(The latest edition of this dictionary goes under the name [The Kodansha Kanji\nDictionary](http://www.kanji.org/kanji/dictionaries/KKD/kaneirev.htm). And it\nseems to have been expanded by some 1,000 kanji entries, 5,000 senses and\n7,000 compunds; as well as some further 1.000 synonym expositions and about\n100 additional usage notes.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-14T20:22:44.820",
"id": "34129",
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},
{
"body": "One low-budget option is the IME. Microsoft's IME (and possibly others) has\nlittle comments next to the homonym kanji that help you to choose the correct\none: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IiukV.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/F5zVM.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-03T18:49:22.697",
"id": "40626",
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}
] | 25024 | 25030 | 25030 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25027",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As in, the kind you would see in a video game. Do people just use カットシーン, or\nis there some specific term?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T03:22:38.640",
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"id": "25026",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese",
"terminology",
"video-games"
],
"title": "Japanese Term for \"Cutscene\"?",
"view_count": 1263
} | [
{
"body": "Particularly in film or video games, カットシーン is widely used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-15T04:04:00.627",
"id": "25027",
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{
"body": "I often hear it referred to as [ムービー]{LHHH} (rather than [ムービー]{HLLL}),\nalthough I hear カットシーン is equally common.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T14:25:51.627",
"id": "25047",
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}
] | 25026 | 25027 | 25047 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According my teacher,\n\n * ～くする or ～にする is used for direct action, but\n * ～くなる or ～になる is used for indirect action\n\nFor me, the meaning of direct and indirect is a bit ambiguous. Consider there\nis a tool than can cut something. The tool can be either powered by a motor or\npowered by human energy. Is the decision whether directly or indirectly based\non the source of energy to do the action?\n\nI mean the sentence A below will be true if the tool is powered by a motor,\nfor example. Otherwise it will be false if powered by a human.\n\n> A: このツールを使うと、ズボンが短くなります。\n\nWith almost the same logic, the sentence B below will be true if the tool is\npowered by a human. Otherwise it will be false if powered by a motor.\n\n> B: このツールを使うと、ズボンを短くします。\n\nWhat do you think? More precisely, when do we have to use する and なる? Any\ncomment is appreciated.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-15T05:01:19.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "～くする or ～にする versus ～くなる or ～になる",
"view_count": 1137
} | [
{
"body": "> A: このツールを使うと、ズボンが短くなります。\n\nIf you use ～くなる or ～になる here, you intend to mean this: \"If you use this tool,\nthe pants becomes smaller.\"\n\n> B: このツールを使うと、ズボンを短くします。\n\nIf you use ～くする or ～にする here, you intend to mean this: \"If you use this tool,\nyou make the pants smaller.\"\n\nAs opposed to ～くなる or ～になる, **～くする or ～にする** implies that you have made a\ndecision or have made an action yourself.\n\n**～くなる or ～になる** on the other hand, you're just making a statement or an\nobservation that something has undergone change.\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T06:49:01.427",
"id": "25036",
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}
] | 25031 | null | 25036 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Found this in book that I've just read\n\n> きっとその魅力がわかていた **だける** かと思います",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-15T05:24:46.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25032",
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"owner_user_id": "10345",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What does 「だける」means in this sentence?",
"view_count": 380
} | [
{
"body": "> きっとその魅力がわかていただけるかと思います\n\nIt is\n\n> きっとその魅力がわかって **いただける** かと思います\n\nwhich is a potential form of \"いただく\".\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T05:49:50.880",
"id": "25033",
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}
] | 25032 | null | 25033 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25049",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is イングリッシュ a good translation of Engrish?\n\nThe Japanese-language Wikipedia\n[article](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engrish) on the subject only uses\n\"イングリッシュ\" at the start (presumably just as part of Wikipedia indicating how\nthe subject of articles are pronounced). When trying a google web search, many\nhits were referring to English schools referring to English, not Engrish (for\nexample english-bell.com), and a google image search mainly gets hits for\nJohnny English, or the English cocker spaniel.\n\nIf it's not a good translation, what words or phrases, if any, are likely to\nbe easily understood, preferably without being offensive?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-15T06:46:28.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25035",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"terminology"
],
"title": "Is イングリッシュ a good translation of \"Engrish\"?",
"view_count": 266
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, the word **イングリッシュ** is much more acceptable.\n\nThe term is a bit derogatory though.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T06:53:38.273",
"id": "25037",
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"body": "Translating _Engrish_ in Japanese is no easier than pulling yourself up by\nyour bootstrap, since they use it while they don't notice using it.\n(Transcribing _Engrish_ would face the same paradox, too.)\n\nSo, basically you should explain instead of translating. The first sentence in\nyour Wikipedia link shows one of the most thorough samples.\n\n> 日本人が日本語の文章を英語に翻訳を[ _sic_\n> ]する時、あるいは英語で文章を書こうとした時に生み出された、語法・文法・綴り・語彙などの点で奇妙な英語表現\n\nBut for the sake of brevity, you can just express it as\n「（日本人の）変な英語」「怪しい英語」「奇妙な英語」 etc.\n\nYou could throw a visual knuckleball like イングりッシュ (cf. トイザらス _Toys\"R\"Us_ ),\nwhich might convey the intended oddity but not guaranteed to be understood as\nyou expect, either.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T16:23:23.250",
"id": "25049",
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"score": 5
}
] | 25035 | 25049 | 25049 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25041",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "私は漢字ドリル本から漢字を勉強している。例文は”耳をすます”。\n\nThe sentence stands alone with no context.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-15T07:43:17.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25040",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"definitions"
],
"title": "耳をすます、何といみですか？what does it mean?",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "> 耳をすます\n\nIt means \"Listen Carefully\". or \"lend a discerning ear\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T08:31:03.320",
"id": "25041",
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] | 25040 | 25041 | 25041 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25074",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**この**\n\n> この文型{ぶんけい}は文{ぶん}の作{つく}り方{かた}を示{しめ}している。\n\n**こちら**\n\n> こちらの文型は文の作り方を示している。\n\n 1. In all contexts, \"この文型...\" refers to just _one_ grammatical pattern?\n 2. \"こちらの文型...\" might refer to one grammatical pattern, or possibly a list of grammatical patterns (context decides which)? With no context, I feel ambiguity.\n\n**as a side note** : \nThis might be because \" _この_ \" can be made explicitly plural \" **これらの...** ,\nhowever \" **こちららの...** \" would just sound too strange?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-15T11:18:40.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25043",
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"owner_user_id": "10193",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"plurals"
],
"title": "\"この\" vs \"こちらの\" with regard to implied plurality",
"view_count": 221
} | [
{
"body": "1. Yes, it refers to one or collective one.\n 2. こちら can be (1) \"this one\" or \"our side\" when the other one (\"that one\" or \"their side\") is already present in the context, or (2) a polite form of これ or これら. The latter usage wouldn't be decent in your context. So, that こちらの is \"this\" opposed to the aforementioned.",
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"creation_date": "2015-06-16T12:00:11.217",
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}
] | 25043 | 25074 | 25074 |
{
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"body": "What is the difference between びっくりした and びっくりするじゃないの?\n\nThe only thing I can think of is that one is just a general way of saying that\nsomething scared you, whilst the other is a way of \"blaming\" the person who\ndid something which scared you.\n\nAnother question is, how does びっくりしたじゃないか etc. (i.e. the た form usage) differ\nin usage to びっくりするじゃないか?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T13:49:57.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25046",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"tense",
"modality",
"tag-question"
],
"title": "What is the difference between びっくりした and びっくりするじゃないの",
"view_count": 2140
} | [
{
"body": "Straightly put,\n\n> びっくりした\n\nmeans \"I'm surprised!\"\n\nOn the other hand,\n\n> びっくりする **ん** じゃないの\n\nmeans \"Shouldn't you be surprised?\"\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-17T02:16:09.597",
"id": "25091",
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},
{
"body": "It's a little difficult to tell for certain without punctuation or context,\nbut...\n\nThe first one almost certainly means \"[I'm] Surprised\" (or something like \"You\nstartled me\").\n\nThe second one probably means something like \"Don't Surprise me!\" (As in\n\"Don't sneak up on me!\", etc.) For example, parents often say to children\n\"~するじゃないのよ！\" to mean \"Don't ~\". (This is colloquial).\n\nFor your second question, again, without context, it's a bit difficult to\nanswer, but \"びっくりしたじゃないか\" would typically be in reference to something that\njust happened, to express shock like \"Well that was surprising, wasn't it!\"\n\n\"びっくりするじゃないか?\" is more like \"[That kind of thing] would surprise anyone,\nright?\", and would more likely be used express surprise in context of\nsomething you heard on the news, etc., or suppose that it would be surprising\nto people in general.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T07:07:24.053",
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{
"body": "びっくりした means \"I'm surprised\". びっくりするじゃないの means \"You surprised me\".\n\nYou use びっくりしたじゃないか when you are surprised. You use びっくりするじゃないか when you are\nabout to be surprised and not surprised.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-23T01:42:00.047",
"id": "41908",
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] | 25046 | null | 41908 |
{
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"body": "If two twin brothers attended the same class, how would their teacher address\neach of them to indicate to whom they were speaking to, since they shared the\nsame family name?\n\nWould one be seen as the older brother, even though they were born only\nminutes apart?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-15T19:30:57.640",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"culture",
"names"
],
"title": "How are twins addressed by their teacher at school?",
"view_count": 4207
} | [
{
"body": "I think the teacher would generally just include their first names as part of\nthe address, e.g.\n\n> … \n> 浅野さん \n> 東健太郎君 \n> 東良一君 \n> 藤田君 \n> …\n\n(But sharing the same family name isn't just a problem for twins. If you're\ncalled 木村, 田中, 山田, 佐藤, 斎藤, or similar, chances that someone in your class\nshares your family name are higher than usual. My guess would be that two\npeople in the same class with the same family name are more likely to be\nunrelated than likely to be twins...)\n\nThat said, some teachers may also use first names and/or nicknames to address\ntheir students, depending on the age of the students (and usually also\ndepending on the age of the teacher).\n\nAs for your second question, the first born twin is treated as older sibling\nand the second born twin as the younger sibling. This is also recorded as such\nin the Japanese family register (戸籍). There is no common name for \"[younger or\nolder] brother\", only for \"younger brother\" or \"older brother\", so you would\ntalk about your twin brother as 双子の弟 or 双子のお兄ちゃん, etc., or even simply as 弟 or\nお兄さん, etc.\n\nFor all practical purposes, there is little difference between twins and (non-\ntwin) brothers, except the fact that they share the same age and thus are in\nthe same class (although in bigger schools twins may also be separated into\ndifferent classes). In some families this will also mean that the first born\ntwin, if also the first born son, will be the heir.",
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"score": 7
}
] | 25053 | null | 25054 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25084",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I need a noun that includes all of: (desktop computer, laptop, tablet,\nsmartphone).\n\nBack in the day, in English, a \"computer\" normally only meant a desktop\ncomputer. These days, I think most people understand that desktops, laptops,\ntablets, and smartphones are all \"computers\", they just have different form\nfactors.\n\nWhat about Japanese? Does \"コンピュータ\" mean: desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphone?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T02:40:46.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "10193",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Can \"コンピュータ\" be interpreted to include smartphones and tablets?",
"view_count": 155
} | [
{
"body": "I'd say: **tablets, yes; smartphones, no**.\n\nThe word コンピュータ is not actually used all that much, it sounds a bit\nformal/heavy iron. The everyday word for personal computing devices is パソコン or\nPC, which by default means a desktop. [Subcategories of\nパソコン](http://www.yodobashi.com/%E3%83%91%E3%82%BD%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3/ct/11970_500000000000000201/)\ninclude laptops (ノートパソコン or just ノート) and tablets (タブレットPC).\n\nMobile phones ([携帯電話]{けいたいでんわ} or [携帯]{けいたい}), on the other hand, are a\n[different\ncategory](http://www.yodobashi.com/ec/feature/174101_000000000000024018/index.html)\naltogether, further split into featurephones/dumb phones\n([ガラケイ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_syndrome)) and\nsmartphones (スマートフォン, スマホ).\n\nAll that said, while this split made a lot of sense ten years ago, with\ntoday's devices the line is increasingly blurry, particularly for tablets. For\nexample, while Kakaku.com's categories follow the Yodobashi split above, if\nyou [search for \"iPad\"](http://kakaku.com/search_results/ipad/) you get back\n70k hits under パソコン and 50k under 携帯.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T04:13:04.337",
"id": "25063",
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},
{
"body": "What コンピュータ refers to greatly depends on the context. When explicitly asked,\nmost people of course understand that a smartphone is also a kind of コンピュータ.\nBut in daily life, people tend to use コンピュータ to refer to bigger ones, such as\ndesktop PCs or supercomputers. If someone just says \"昨日コンピュータを買ったよ\", it\nprobably means they bought a Windows PC or a Mac.\n\nOne catch-all term you can use in business/formal settings is 情報機器, which\nusually includes various products such as desktop PCs and tablets, and\nsometimes facsimiles, game consoles, and so on.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-16T16:26:41.500",
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}
] | 25058 | 25084 | 25084 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25071",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is the dialogue including the word.\n\nA: とまあこんなところが矢{や}吹{ぶき}丈{じょう}の罪{ざい}状{じょう}だが...\n\nあんたもずいぶんたいへんな少年を保護していたものだな ええ？\n\nB: どうもごめいわく **おかけしやして**...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T02:43:23.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25059",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-16T08:13:18.263",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does the 「おかけしやして」mean?",
"view_count": 781
} | [
{
"body": "I'm pretty sure you must mean\n\n> B: どうもごめいわくおかけし **ゃ** して...\n\nThis expression comes from ”～てしまっています。”, in colloquial form.\n\nWhen used in polite form:\n\n> ご迷惑を **おかけしてしまって** 、申し訳ございません。\n\nThis is basically in inflection from おかけします。\n\nIn this case\n\n> B: どうもごめいわくおかけし **ゃ** して...\n\nIt's a conversational shortcut.\n\nHope I'm making sense.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T03:02:41.807",
"id": "25060",
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},
{
"body": "> どうもごめいわくおかけし **や** して・・・ \n> = どうもご[迷惑]{めいわく}(を)おかけし **ま** して・・・\n\n～しやして(しやす) means ～しまして(します) in regional (probably Edo / 江戸っ子言葉) accent.\nおか(掛)けします/おかけしました is the humble form of かけます/かけました. 「申し訳ありません(でした)」 or\n「すみません(でした)」 is being left out after the おかけしやして・・・.\n\n> どうもご迷惑をおかけしまして、(すみませんでした。) \n> (I am sorry that) I (or, in this context, \"he\" = 矢吹丈) caused trouble /\n> bothered you...",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-16T08:06:57.297",
"id": "25071",
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"score": 5
}
] | 25059 | 25071 | 25071 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25062",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been reading about writing order and the question has been poking at me\nfor a while now: **since writing order could theoretically introduce\nambiguity, is it possible that someone has written a poem that reads\ndifferently depending on the direction it's read in?**\n\nFor example, read left-to-right, it would mean one thing, while read top-down,\nit would mean something entirely different.\n\n```\n\n ~` ~` ~` ~` ~` ~` ~`\n +- +- +- +- +- +- +-\n =_ =_ =_ =_ =_ =_ =_\n \n```\n\nIn this pretend language that's supposed to represent Japanese, the poem would\nread:\n\n```\n\n ~` ~` ~` ~` ~` ~` ~` +- +- +- +- +- +- +- =_ =_ =_ =_ =_ =_ =_\n A frog jumped into a pot of boiling water and jumped back out.\n \n```\n\nor top-down:\n\n```\n\n ~` +- =_ ~` +- =_ ~` +- =_ ~` +- =_ ~` +- =_ ~` +- =_ ~` +- =_\n A man went to the deli to buy some ham.\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\nEdit:\n\nSomeone provided an [interesting\nexample](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%A6%E8%AA%AD%E3%81%BF) (now\ndeleted), so I thought I should add this in, since it's probably the reason\nthey deleted their answer:\n\n[ **addendum** ] I'm thinking about an example that reads in both directions\nin full, rather than being \"Bible code\" or the peppering of a message within a\nlarger text. I did not have the following in mind:\n\n```\n\n In a small town, there liveD a man who, despIte his lOw inTellect, was loved \n by many. He was an...\n \n```\n\nOr\n\n```\n\n I apologize for my rudeness, but I don't quite think YOU know what \n you ARE talking about. Stupidity comes in many forms, not just A poorly \n developed intellect. This common assumption tends to JERK those in the know. \n \n```\n\nRather, something like\n\n```\n\n I l i k e f o o d\n n i c i v o n n i\n m a l e r l o n\n a b r l r g y m n\n o u e y e o e\n s , s d o t k p r\n t , n f n o \n a t a e u o t\n g h v l l w o\n n e i l , s e\n a o i\n n m l o h a a\n t a e f e b \"\n n n o ,\n , t u\n l t h\n y e\n \"\n h\n a\n d\n \n```\n\nPretending for the moment that the vertical passage makes any sense and that\n\"n iciv onni\", etc, are English words. Think \"crossword puzzle\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T03:07:48.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25061",
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"owner_user_id": "10370",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"ambiguity",
"poetry"
],
"title": "Does there exist a poem that uses direction to change its meaning?",
"view_count": 260
} | [
{
"body": "One example of a block of text which is _fully_ understandable both vertically\nand horizontally, is from this comedy. (And I'm afraid I know nothing more\ncomplex or sophisticated than this.)\n\n極秘情報 (Top Secret) performed by アンジャッシュ \n<https://youtu.be/n5JfsbM89v8>\n\n```\n\n ワタシ\n カツラ\n ナノダ\n シカモ\n ゲイ○\n \n```\n\n\"モ○\" at the bottom right is actually a kanji number 一七〇 (170) written\nvertically, and \"一七\" looks like katakana モ.\n\nWhen read vertically, \"シラダ\" (whose height is 170cm), \"タツノ カイ\" and \"ワカナ シゲ\" are\nthree typical Japanese names.\n\nWhen read horizontally, it reads \"私カツラなのだ しかもゲイ。\" (I wear a wig, and\nfurthermore, I'm gay).\n\n* * *\n\n\"Bible Code\" type wordplay is much more common, and it probably exists from\nancient times. Some people believe that\n[いろは歌](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroha), which was created as early as the\n10th or 11th century, has [such a\ncode](http://www.geocities.jp/yasuko8787/z029.htm).\n\nToday this kind of wordplay is called\n[縦読み](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E7%B8%A6%E8%AA%AD%E3%81%BF), and you can find\nnew 縦読み created every day in forums like 2ちゃんねる. Recently newspapers often\nhave [wonderful 縦読み in TV guide\npages](http://matome.naver.jp/odai/2134492560702759201).",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T03:21:54.423",
"id": "25062",
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"score": 2
}
] | 25061 | 25062 | 25062 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just want to ask what is the impact of using お帰りなさい on someone who just come\nback from a business trip? well to elaborate a little, we have a Japanese\nemployee in our company, and one of my colleague say that to him, sometimes\nshe is using お帰りなさいませ on him. While my other colleague are saying like welcome\nback on him; So I am just wondering what is its impact on him since every time\nshe said it to him he seems happy and sometimes laughing.\n\nThanks a lot",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T04:19:14.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25064",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-16T05:23:33.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Is it okay to use お帰りなさい on a collegue?",
"view_count": 264
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, yes it is perfectly fine to say おかえりなさい to a colleague coming\nback from somewhere.\n\nSecond, a female colleague saying おかえりなさいませ is likely kidding by imitating the\noverly elaborate manner of speaking in Maid cafes or such, which makes him\nlaugh. However, another possibility is the female colleague simply being very\npolite.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-16T05:23:33.453",
"id": "25068",
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}
] | 25064 | null | 25068 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The hypothetical scenario is given as follows.\n\n * Yesterday night I played game and intentionally did not do the homework. I did not forget for sure. :-)\n * This morning the teacher asked me and I want to pretend to regret what I did.\n\nFrom this scenario, I want to say something that makes use of ～てしまいました\ngrammar.\n\n> 宿題を[the て form of しない]しまいました。\n\nWhat is the て form of しない ?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T04:34:28.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25065",
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"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the て form of しない?",
"view_count": 294
} | [
{
"body": "しないで would be the て form of しない, but in conversation you don't hear the\nnegative form of a verb used with しまいました. Instead you use the positive form of\na verb + て form + しまいました. So for example, 宿題をしてしまいました would emphasize that you\ndid your homework. If you didn't do the homework you need to connect it's\nnegative with another verb. For example, 宿題をしないで来てしまいました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-22T08:48:07.013",
"id": "25228",
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"score": 2
}
] | 25065 | null | 25228 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25080",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have no idea what the answer is for the following question. What is the\ndifference between 家{うち}の子{こ}供{ども} versus 私{わたし}の子{こ}供{ども} ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T04:52:25.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25066",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 家{うち}の子{こ}供{ども} versus 私{わたし}の子{こ}供{ども}?",
"view_count": 761
} | [
{
"body": "家の~ or 私の~ is basically the same thing with the former stressing on that its\nyours. You can see it as if the stress is on one's own. You can use it even in\nthe context when the object does not belong to your family. Like 家の会社 or\n家の上長{じょうちょう}.\n\nConsider 家の as something is member of one's (whatever group) you want to refer\nto.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-16T13:29:10.623",
"id": "25080",
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},
{
"body": "I think it's rather like the difference between \"my daughter\" and \"our\ndaughter\". These can only ever refer to the same person, but the shades of\nmeaning are different. 家の~ is a bit informal, but it's very common in speech.\n「私の息子は...」 sounds a bit formal, and it's also redundant, since 「息子は...」 would\nmean the same thing.\n\nPS: A nearby native speaker (うちの三男, actually) points out that it would be more\nnatural to write 家 in hiragana.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-16T14:43:50.790",
"id": "25082",
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"score": 3
}
] | 25066 | 25080 | 25080 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25070",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm not sure if it means \"very long time\" in this sentence. If it means that,\nwhat does the 「っ」 do in the sentence?\n\nジョーのやろうは刑{けい}務{む}所{しょ}へ **たたっ** こまれるようなことになるんでしょうか？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-16T06:14:26.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25069",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-06-16T12:48:59.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"prefixes"
],
"title": "What does the word 「たたっ」 mean?",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": "It's the passive of たたっこむ, which is an elided form of 叩き込む, which here\nfiguratively means 'to throw someone in prison'. Thus a translation might be:\n\n> That bastard Joe, could it be that he's going to end up getting thrown in\n> prison?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T06:29:24.377",
"id": "25070",
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}
] | 25069 | 25070 | 25070 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My question isn't about the meaning and usage of it, but rather how it means\nwhat it means as I don't quite see it grammatically. For example, I can\ngrammatically understand the usage of 心に残る、耳に残る and other phrases, but when I\nlook for definitions of 印象 none of them refer to a physical or abstract\n\"location\". Is this just me misunderstanding how に残る is being used here or can\nsomeone else clarify this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T11:14:28.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25073",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-16T12:06:02.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 印象 refer to in 印象に残る?",
"view_count": 373
} | [
{
"body": "印象 in 印象に残る means \"impressions\" in the sense of _memories of a memorable\nexperience_.\n\n残る means \"to remain, to stay behind, ...\" and in this phrase doesn't refer to\nremaining in a _physical_ location, but if you like to think of 残る as physical\nyou may think of its use in 印象に残る as idiomatic. (Of course, 耳に残る doesn't mean\nyou've got something in your ear.)\n\n印象に残る then means \"to be unforgettable, to stay in one's _mind_ \", similar to\n心に残る \"to be unforgettable, to stay in one's _heart_ \" where the difference is\nthat the memory is not related to an emotion (which would be 心), but to a\n(say, visual or phenomenological) impression (that's 印象).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-16T12:06:02.917",
"id": "25076",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
] | 25073 | null | 25076 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'd appreciate it if anyone can give me directions on the meaning of this\nkanji:\n\nHow many strokes does it have?\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T12:03:55.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25075",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T16:25:01.313",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T16:25:01.313",
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"owner_user_id": "10376",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"stroke-count"
],
"title": "Kanji from an image",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "That's two kanji with 1 & 12 strokes (in that order).",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-16T12:08:09.727",
"id": "25077",
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] | 25075 | null | 25077 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "My grandma always says, \"そこ\" when she wants someone to move, -usually she just\nsays that to my mom or me- but I have heard that that translates more as a\nbrusque, **move** than an, \"excuse me\". Would I just add ”ください” to the end to\nmake it more polite?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T13:56:08.923",
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"tags": [
"politeness",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the polite way to say, \"move?\"",
"view_count": 3376
} | [
{
"body": "そこ literally means \"there\" so you can't just add ください to it. For \"move\", I\nthink you would say:\n\n> どいて。(informal) \n> どいてください。(polite form of どいて, but still sounds informal) \n> (ちょっと、)そこ、あけて。 (Lit. Make room there.) \n> etc.\n\nTo sound polite I think you could say:\n\n> ちょっとあけてください。 \n> ちょっとあけてくれませんか。 \n> ちょっとあけてもらえますか。 \n> ちょっとあけてもらえませんか。 \n> ちょっとすみません。 \n> etc...",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-16T15:05:46.860",
"id": "25083",
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},
{
"body": "To add to the other answers, if you want to go even more polite (i.e. a more\nformal setting or dealing with strangers) you can use 失礼します. It's more\nindirect too, rather than explicitly saying \"get out of the way or move\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T00:33:20.390",
"id": "25085",
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{
"body": "You may simply say\n\n> どいて頂けませんか。\n\nThis however, is too polite:\n\n> どいて頂けませんでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 1,
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] | 25081 | null | 25083 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25090",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I know when placed after a verb it means \"seems like\" or \"looks like\", but\nwhat I want to know is what the そう in\n\n> そう です か\n\nmeans. I know そう です か means \"Is that so?\" but I've seen そう used with other\nwords and I'm not sure what exactly it means. Does it even have a meaning on\nits own or is its meaning affected by the characters that follow it?\n\nI know this might seem like a translation question but whenever I tried to\nsearch for an answer online I was only really able to find answers relating to\nhow to use Sou when attached to verbs.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T00:55:46.063",
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"owner_user_id": "10247",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"definitions"
],
"title": "The meaning of そう",
"view_count": 8358
} | [
{
"body": "The word \"そう\" can be meant in different ways.\n\nOne of which is as you mentioned is correct.\n\n> そう です か ---> \"Is that so?\"\n\nAnother example:\n\n> A: あの象は大きいと思う。\n>\n> B: **そう** ですか。。。\n>\n> A: **そう** 。 いつも **そう** 思ってるよ。\n\nWhen you say **そう** stand-alone, it means that you agree with what a person\njust said or did. This is also commonly used in verbal instructions, wherein a\nsensei says he notices that you have received his instruction very well, say\nin martial arts or Ikebana.\n\nWhen you say **そう** as in the last sentence, the speaker is simply bringing up\nthe original topic again. in this case how \"big the elephant is\".\n\nHope this makes sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T02:06:41.353",
"id": "25088",
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{
"body": "This 'そう' is an adverb which is similar to English 'so', or 'like that'.\n\n * そう思う。 (I) think so.\n * そうする、 (I'll) do so.\n * そう大きくはない。 (It's) not that big.\n\nAnd you can use 'そう' by itself to mean many things, depending on the context\nand the intonation:\n\n * そう。 That's it. Yes. Exactly. Good.\n * そう？ Is that so? Really? Are you sure?\n * そう。 Oh. Okay. Uh-huh. (not very interested)\n * そう、あれは10年前… Well, that was 10 years ago ... (used to recall something old)\n\n'そう' that comes after a verb (e.g しそう, 思いそう) is an auxiliary verb, and it's\netymologically different. One online dictionary has two entries for the\n[adverb\nそう](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/127918/m0u/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86/) and\nthe [auxiliary verb そう](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/129024/m0u/).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T02:10:49.727",
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{
"body": "It might also help to see that そう is part of a \"KSAD\" set:\n\nこう - そう - ああ - どう Meaning: like this - like that (\"close to you\") - like that\n(\"far away\") - like what?\n\nThis is just like:\n\nここ - そこ - あそこ - どこ Meaning: here - there (\"close to you\") - there (\"far away\")\n- where?\n\nIn these \"KSAD\" sets of meanings, English usually does not have words which\nneatly distinguish between the S and A words, but in this case the association\nbetween \"S\" and the person addressed explains why そう can just mean \"You're\nright.\"\n\nFootnote: I made up the \"KSAD\" term myself, but apparently in Japanese these\nare referred to with the term 「こそあど」.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-15T09:28:12.820",
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] | 25086 | 25090 | 25090 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25093",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the following examples:\n\n * A: 来年アメリカへ行くと思っています。\n * B: 来年アメリカへ行こうと思っています。\n\nWhen do we have to use ～行くと思っている and ～行こうと思っている ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-17T04:00:42.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25092",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "When do we have to use ～行くと思っている and ～行こうと思っている ?",
"view_count": 885
} | [
{
"body": "To put it simply, using the volitional form (意向形{いこうけい}) as in B expresses an\nintent while using the dictionary form (辞書形｛じしょけい｝) expresses a thought, plain\nand simple.\n\ni.e. when saying A you are saying that you are thinking about going to\nAmerica, as though this is not related to your volition :\n\nYou do not know yet if you are going there or not (Maybe you are sent for work\nor studies).\n\nWhen saying B, you are thinking about going to America, i.e. pondering if you\nshould go or not : you want to go to America and are thinking about it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T04:22:55.873",
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"score": 8
}
] | 25092 | 25093 | 25093 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Found a sentence:\n\n> 屋上に来てしまったのも **そのせい**\n\nWhat does そのせい mean in that sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T05:25:00.563",
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"id": "25094",
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"owner_user_id": "10345",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What does 「そのせい」 mean?",
"view_count": 362
} | [
{
"body": "~せい marks the reason for something, basically means \"Because of ...\"\n\nその means \"that\"\n\nCombining these the whole sentence means:\n\nEnding up on the rooftop was because of that too.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T05:32:06.503",
"id": "25095",
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"score": 6
}
] | 25094 | null | 25095 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25101",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my understanding, ～てから、～てから、～します is used to express several consecutive\nactions that are done one after the others. However, I always find the\nsentence A below but I never find the sentence B. I think the sentence B\nconforms to the fact one action is done after the others.\n\n * A: 右に曲がって、まっすぐ行って、左に曲がって、まっすぐ行くと、突き当りにあります。\n\n * B: 右に曲がってから、まっすぐ行ってから、左に曲がってから、まっすぐ行くと、突き当りにあります。\n\nShortly speaking, when do we have to use the first grammar and the last one?\nAny comments are welcome.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-17T08:14:25.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25097",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-06-17T09:02:54.630",
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"owner_user_id": "9896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "～て、～て、～します versus ～てから、～てから、～します",
"view_count": 391
} | [
{
"body": "The basic difference between a regular 〜て and a 〜てから is emphasis. てから\nemphasises the order things go in.\n\n〜てから is used much much more rarely than a regular て for joining sentences. I'd\nestimate that for every てから, you'll see fifty sentences joined with a plain て.\n[1] When I see 〜てから used, it's immediately a flag for me that I should pay\nattention.\n\nHere's a sample sentence from the Tanaka corpus:\n\n> [祖父]{そふ}は[祖母]{そぼ}がぽっくり[逝って]{いって}から[急]{きゅう}に[老け込みました]{ふけこみました}。\n>\n> After Grandma's sudden death, Grandpa began to age rapidly.\n\nIf written without から, it would read:\n\n> 祖父は祖母がぽっくり逝って急に老け込みました。\n>\n> Grandma died suddenly, and Grandpa aged rapidly.\n\nDoesn't make much sense, does it?\n\nAnother sentence, from an old JLPT test:\n\n> [真理子]{まりこ}さんは[高校]{こうこう}に[入って]{はいって}からバスケットボールを[始めました]{はじめました}。\n>\n> Mariko-san started basketball after she went into high school.\n>\n> 真理子さんは高校へ入ってバスケットボールを始めました。\n>\n> Mariko-san went into high school and started basketball.\n\nThere's nothing wrong with either sentence, but in the former sentence, you\nknow that she didn't dabble in basketball before entering.\n\nIn your directions example, the 〜てから version would (exaggeratedly) read\nsomething like this:\n\n> Only after turning right, go straight. After going straight, turn left, and\n> only after that, go straight.\n\nOften, when used, it makes a big difference in how the sentence reads. So the\nrare times you run across it, pay attention to it.\n\n[1] I'm not really sure why they're teaching it at such low levels since it's\nthat rare.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T11:26:39.590",
"id": "25101",
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}
] | 25097 | 25101 | 25101 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25099",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following kanji on a JLPT N5 vocabulary list: 違う. 違う「ちがう」,\nis presented as 'different'. I would appreciate it very much if somebody could\npresent me simple examples of the use of it in the given meaning. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-17T10:16:06.140",
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"id": "25098",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Use and examples of 違う",
"view_count": 947
} | [
{
"body": "When to use 違う?\n\nYou use 違う if you _intend to correct the speaker_ about whatever point he\nconveys.\n\nExample:\n\n> A：ジョンさんはアメリカ人ですか。\n>\n> B：違います (or 違う, to sound colloquial) 。フランス人です。\n\nAnother use of 違う:\n\nWhen a speaker describes that _two things are different_.\n\n> A: りんごとオレンジは違う果物です。\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T10:32:38.947",
"id": "25099",
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}
] | 25098 | 25099 | 25099 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25103",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the following two sentences:\n\n> A: かぎをなくしてしまいました。\n>\n> B: かぎを落としてしまいました。\n\nI have looked up in dictionaries and I found\n\n * 落とす ：drop, lose, etc\n\n * なくす ：lose\n\n * 落ちる ：drop, fall, etc\n\nI think the meaning of 落とす for lose is the same as 落ちてなくす which is drop\nfollowed by lose.\n\nIs there any difference?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-17T12:12:18.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25102",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 落とす and なくす?",
"view_count": 643
} | [
{
"body": "> A: かぎを **なくして** しまいました。\n\nIn this sentence, you **lost** your keys.\n\n> B: かぎを **落として** しまいました。\n\nIn this sentence, you **dropped** your keys.\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-17T12:15:09.217",
"id": "25103",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] | 25102 | 25103 | 25103 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If one speaks Japanese to a, say, stranger in Modern times, is 「でござる」still\nacceptable?\n\nIf somebody says 「でござる」, what would be the people's general reaction?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-17T12:31:10.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25105",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is でござる used in Modern Society?",
"view_count": 814
} | [
{
"body": "Yes (and no). People frequently use でございます in very polite speech, and nobody\nwould find it strange to hear it used in such a context. Given that it's used\nfrequently in polite situations, though, it will usually take the polite ます\nform. That is to say I think that it would be much less common to hear someone\nuse でござる in its plain form. でござる is typical speech in fiction for samurai, for\nexample, so if using plain form someone might remark that you sound like a\nsamurai.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-17T12:39:47.527",
"id": "25106",
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{
"body": "When my American husband tried using でござる in speech among college-age Japanese\nfriends for fun after reading the _Rurouni Kenshin_ manga, back when he was\nlearning Japanese in the early 2000s, they were baffled and told him to stop.\nYou could toss it out once or twice as a joke, but no: though you could be\ngrammatically-correct in using it, it's not considered acceptable/welcome\nspeech to consistently use in general contexts. If you persisted in it (my\nhusband chose not to), you would likely be viewed as eccentric and/or 空気読めない.\nIt's not \"really off-putting\" to the level of making people cringe or feel\noffended, but Japanese culture doesn't generally welcome individuals going\nagainst the norm and standing out, so you'd be indicating that either you\ndon't give a crap about that value, or that you don't understand it, or that\nyou're odd.\n\nSee also Boaz Yaniv's answer\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/653/if-i-wanted-to-sound-\nmore-like-a-samurai-what-words-and-phrases-should-i-learn/673#673) which\nexplains that\n\n> the stereotypical Samurai speech in Jidaigeki is actually based on the Edo\n> dialect of late Edo period. Many of the mannerisms you'd find in this speech\n> do not specifically represent Samurai, but rather a typical resident of Edo\n> in that particular time.",
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"creation_date": "2015-06-18T05:19:31.857",
"id": "25126",
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}
] | 25105 | null | 25126 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "When you first meet somebody, polite language is, on the whole, the most\ncommonly used form of Japanese. Children may differ, and I understand that not\n_everyone_ will use plain form, but regardless a majority of people do.\n\nAt some point in a friendship, inevitably friends will switch to plain form.\nAgain, different people are comfortable to do this at different times, but\n**how do people make the transition from polite to plain language?** Do they\njust start using it, and the other person just plays along? Is it a gradual\nthing, where you switch in and out of plain form and then just stick to it\nafter a while after using it more and more?\n\nPersonal experiences and examples are welcomed",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-17T14:12:40.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25109",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-19T06:50:44.270",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 22,
"tags": [
"culture",
"spoken-language",
"formality"
],
"title": "How do Japanese speakers transition from polite to plain form amongst friends?",
"view_count": 6027
} | [
{
"body": "In my personal experience, the transition from polite to plain form is done\nspontaneously, specifically if you are of the same age level or same position\n(at work).\n\nA month or two after your introduction, you may switch to plain form **if\nthere are no inhibitions from your part of any kind** , or you have done a\nmilestone together (project closure, etc) . Otherwise, it is best to stick to\npolite form.\n\nOn the other hand though, it would be best if we err in the side of caution\nwhen we use plain form to people superior to our position (at work), or\nelderly people. In this case, I usually apply the polite form.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T14:20:03.240",
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"body": "Whenever it feels right. This is probably not the answer you were looking for,\nso here are my observations:\n\n * If it's anything work related, or official, you stick to the polite language, no matter how well you know the person you are talking to.\n * As soon as you are doing something else in your private life, let's say having a beer together, it's okay to use the plain language. If the person is uncomfortable with that, he will most likely tell you.\n * People under 30 are more likely to switch to plain language when talking to someone of a similar age, even if they barely know each other.\n * Japanese are less likely to talk politely to you if you are a foreigner, because they want to make sure that you understand them.",
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"body": "In my experience, the nature of the relationship and the nature of the\ncommunication are both important for knowing when/how to use the plain form\nand to knowing what the use of plain form signals.\n\nIn **written** _workplace_ communication, I never see plain form (I work at a\nuniversity).\n\nIn **written** _personal_ communications (things like Facebook or IM), I\nrarely see ~ます forms. Only in the most formal invitations do these crop up.\n\nIn **verbal** _workplace_ communication, I've seen quite large variance among\nlanguage users. Some users almost invariably use the polite forms; other users\nuse plain form except when giving a formal communication (e.g., say starting a\nmeeting or being the person who is handling the meeting point). One parameter\nthat affects this is the role/position one has in the organization and\nmeeting.\n\nConsequently, I am much more careful to use polite forms in 運営委員会 than when I\nam talking to my own students. Though note, that the use of polite / plain is\nalmost universally mixed in the communication I encounter. Some professors\ninsist on polite forms from their students and use 僕 to refer themselves;\nothers don't care whether students give them polite forms or not.\n\nMy advisor when I came to Japan generally used the plain form when talking to\nme, but the first sentence was often in a polite form. I generally but not\nuniversally use the plain form when talking to my students. Some professors\n(who sound refined when they do it well) stick to the polite form for almost\nall communications in person.\n\nIn verbal communication among friends, I would say that to close friends, I\nrarely use ます forms (です remains however in some contexts). To people\nintroduced to me by friends, I will generally do the introduction in polite\nforms and quickly transition to plain forms for most communication if that's\nthe pattern they are talking with my friends in. To people I meet through\nother means, I will start with ます constructions and stick with them until I\nfeel comfortable around the person.\n\n* * *\n\nI might suggest the following equation where P(x) is the probability I use a\nます construction:\n\nP(x) = A x [Their age - my age ] - B x [length of time I've known them] + C x\n[business relationship > government office > acquaintance [~0] > friend of\nfriends [< 0] > direct friend relationship [<< 0] ] - E x [depth into the\nconversation/message] + F x [written > 0 | spoken < 0]\n\nWhere A, B, C, D, E, and F are positive constants that vary somewhat by the\nindividual.\n\nWe could call it the \"virial politeness law\" (Cf.\n<http://facstaff.cbu.edu/rprice/lectures/realgas.html>)",
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"body": "I think there's a lot of variation between speakers. Even as a foreigner at a\nuniversity, I have met various types of speakers:\n\n * never use teineigo at all, even though I'm clearly older\n * people who use keigo for a few minutes and switch when I reply in casual form (most common)\n * people who use keigo for weeks, and say it's uncomfortable to use casual form because I am older; then switch once we are actually friends\n * people who use keigo forever even with close friends, simply because the friend is a staff member at the university\n\nMore traditional circles like taiko, martial arts etc. will use a lot of\nteineigo and mostly still conform to traditional sempai/kouhai structure.\n\nHowever, other clubs such as my chorus group, while having a sempai/kouhai\nstructure and showing a lot of respect for it, are looser. Some kouhai aren't\neven using teineigo here. Some sempai will use teineigo all the time, even\nwhen addressing kouhai - it's a bit of personal preference. In particular, for\nanything authoritative (e.g. meetings, orders, teaching), using polite form\nseems to be more appropriate than causal. In keeping with that, written form\nis much more likely to use teineigo.\n\nI rarely hear 'baribari keigo', or keigo beyond teineigo. When talking to\nother members of your in-group about something a higher up (e.g. teacher) has\ndone for you, use of passive form, くださる, いただく and お宅 etc. are common. The\npassive form of verbs is sometimes used for sempais. But it's rather thinly\nused in my experience. (I should quality that Japanese people still show an\nenormous amount of respect to higher ups, more so than Western countries, but\nlanguage appears to play a smaller role in this than before)",
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"body": "Shifting from polite speech to casual speech is usually a gradual and implicit\nprocess when a mature adult makes friends with someone. Depending on the\nsituation, it may take months or even years to switch. Actually I often find\nmyself using some polite sentences when I chat with people who have been my\nclose friends more than 10 years.\n\nHere are some random thoughts:\n\n * Upbeat, young, blue-collar or _charai_ people are much quicker to adopt casual speech, whereas calm, older, white-collar, urban or _otaku_ people tend to keep using polite speech longer. I basically belong to the latter category :)\n * IMO \"go to an _izakaya_ personally and you can drop keigo\" is an oversimplification. Nevertheless, an _izakaya_ is certainly a good place to try to start using a bit of casual speech.\n * Exclamatory phrases (especially i-adjectives) and jokes tend to be said in casual forms (すごい! 頑張れ!). です(か) in short sentences is often the first candidate of dropping (いつ? これ? 本当?)\n * Important and/or businesslike topics tend to be discussed in polite forms (e.g., making an appointment, paying at izakaya)\n * There are lots of useful intermediate, \"softener\" expressions and particles that allow you to avoid sounding overly friendly or remote. (e.g, 見ています → 見てます → 見てるよ → 見てる; 行きませんか → 行きません? → 行きます? → 行かない? → 行く?) Dropping particles like が/を, using contracted forms, choosing slangy/dialectal words and certain sentence-endings ([っす](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36/5010), じゃん, etc) and so on are all relevant.\n * It's possible to explicitly invite someone to use casual speech (タメ口) if you think the other person is speaking too politely, but please note that being forced to use タメ口 can be sometimes stressful to a person like me. I never do this, and people around me almost never did it to me.\n * Many Japanese people believe that Western people prefer frank communications and that plain forms are easier to understand for foreigners. So what you experience as a foreigner may be a little different from what two native speakers normally do.",
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"body": "When do we have to use the following questions?\n\n> どうしますか\n\nand\n\n> 何をしますか\n\nIs there any difference between them?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T17:49:44.740",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "どうしますか versus 何をしますか",
"view_count": 680
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{
"body": "「どうしますか」 could be used when it seems like something is wrong or hard to\ndecide, like \"Would this be okay?\" or \"What should we do?\" or \"What would you\ndo if you were in my shoes?\" or \"What would you like to do about it?\" or \"How\nwould ____ be?\"\n\n「何をしますか」 could be used for casual situations, like \"What do you want to do?\"\nor \"What're you going to do?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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{
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"body": "So far I've only learned how to use numbers in the context of counting e.g.\nこのピザは 5枚ある (this pizza has five slices).\n\nHow do I express it in the following way:\n\n> This is a **five-slice pizza**\n\nI would naively guess at \"これは5枚のピザがある”, but I've not seen a counter used to\nmodify a noun like that before.\n\nSecondly, kind-of in the reverse direction how would I express the part in\nbold below:\n\n> (Please exit from) **the front five coaches** of this ten coach train\n\nHmm, I tried to construct this sentence but it just made me more sure that my\nguess for the first part of the question was wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T18:46:04.673",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"counters"
],
"title": "Use of numbers in descriptions",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "(Though I don't know if this answers your question:)\n\n> This is **a five-slice pizza**.\n\nYou normally say it as:\n\n> これは、 **５枚[切]{ぎ}りの** ピザです。 \n> or \n> このピザは、５枚切りです。\n\n* * *\n\n> (Please exit from) **the front five coaches** of this ten coach train.\n\nI think you'd normally say it as:\n\n> １０[両]{りょう}[編成]{へんせい}の電車の **[前]{まえ}５両** / **前の５両** (から降りてください。/ 下車してください。/\n> お降りください。)",
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{
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"body": "Considering that ある is objectifying wouldn't it be offensive to use it in いる's\nplace when talking about a person, or would it just be seen as a mistake?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T20:26:09.810",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Can using ある in place of いる be offensive?",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "No, I don't think it would offend someone. You're probably concerned that it\ncould offend someone because it sounds like you're treating someone as an\nobject, not a person. Actually, many people think it is just a grammatical\nerror, and they don't feel it is an offensive expression. They might take it\nas a mistake, or some people may not even understand as applying ある for a\nperson almost never happens for native speakers. Some people might think you\nwanted to say あるく (which means walk) because that is a common verb for a\nperson.",
"comment_count": 0,
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] | 25114 | 25116 | 25116 |
{
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"body": "ネーム is the rough draft which the finished manga is based on.\n_([reference](http://bakuman.wikia.com/wiki/Name))_\n\nI can't for the life of me figure out the origin of this word. Why did it end\nup being the English word \"name\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T22:03:00.040",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why are japanese comic storyboards called names (ネーム)?",
"view_count": 1386
} | [
{
"body": "So you're referring to [ネーム in this\nsense](http://bakuman.wikia.com/wiki/Name), right?\n\nネーム was originally [jargon used in the Japanese (non-manga) publishing\nindustry](http://iso-labo.com/wakaru/category/publication.html#NA), where it\nmeans 'caption' (of figures, tables, etc.), a short text describing the\nessential point of a figure/table. Then it gained a broader sense, and it may\nalso refer to any \"floating\" small fragment of text that has to be typeset\nseparately from the main text -- such as contents of balloons of manga.\n\nThe following is my speculation, but in the past when DTP was not available,\nmanga publishers needed the contents of the balloons before the drawings,\nbecause they needed to physically prepare the movable types. People in charge\nof the typesetting process might have said \"絵は要らない! 早くネームをくれ!\" (\"I don't want\npictures! Just give me the ネーム!\").\n\nWhen this term, ネーム, came into use in the manga industry, its meaning changed\na bit. It began to refer to not only the balloon contents, but also the\nstoryboarding/plotting process as a whole. Even today, the most important part\nof ネーム is the text, not pictures, as you can see in real examples.",
"comment_count": 1,
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] | 25117 | null | 25121 |
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"body": "When reading through [The meaning of\nそう](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25086/the-meaning-\nof-%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86), I was thinking about そう's status as a 副詞. Certainly,\nit acts like many other 副詞 in that it can directly modify verbs.\n\nHowever, I was curious about the usage そうだ -- a form that I _think_ not all 副詞\nsupport.\n\n**副詞 that directly work with だ:**\n\nこうだ、どうだ、ああだ (?) all work, along with some other things classified as 副詞, like\nなぜだ.\n\n**副詞 that work with だ by omission:**\n\nThen, I think there are other 副詞 that work, like きっとだ, たまにだ. But, I think\nthese only work if you interpret something as being omitted, like きっと（できるの）だ\nor たまに（するの）だ, for example.\n\nIn other words, semantically, the 副詞 does not seem to be modifying the meaning\nof the copula.\n\n**副詞 that don't work with だ at all:**\n\n×決してだ, ×どうかだ, and probably more. These seem to share the trait that they need\nspecific endings (決してする **な** , どうかして **ください** ) which the だ gets in the way\nof.\n\n**Question:**\n\nAssuming my judgments are correct, this seems like somewhere where the 学校文法\nframework is failing to explain what's going on fully. Is there a better way\nto think about these things? Are こう、そう、どう、なぜ actually also nouns? What is the\nactual syntax/theory of the cases where 副詞 work by omission?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-17T22:19:32.630",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "副詞 before copula",
"view_count": 532
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{
"body": "I don't know if this will answer your question but I hope this helps. I will\nexplain it in a different way. If this is not what you are looking for, I\napologize ahead of time.\n\nJapanese 副詞 can be broken into several groups. I do not know the English names\nso I will write them as I know.\n\n情態副詞： ゆっくり、きらきら、てくてく、ぼんやり etc. They express the state of something. \n程度副詞： とても、もっと、非常に etc. They express things like \"very\" big instead of just\nbig. \n陳述{ちんじゅつ}副詞： きっと～だ/だろう、たぶん～だろう、決して～（し）ない etc.\n\nThese adverbs usually express the speaker's feelings and are also more than\nlikely used in a set, rather than stand alone. But since it is common to omit\ninformation, you may not notice the patterns, especially with words like たぶん\nand きっと. Most of these 副詞 are set up with either a negative or だろう. If the 副詞\nis used with だ, it is basically stressing the message of the sentence.\nあなたはきっとできるだろう and あなたはきっとできるんだ（or even きっとできるよ etc.) is changing from \"I think\nyou can definitely do it\" to \"I'm sure you can do it\" kind of nuance. I hope\nthat makes sense. Another example is with negative 陳述副詞 like 決して～（し）ない. With\n彼は決してうそをつかない and 彼は決してうそをつかないだろう, the former shows more confidence in the\nspeaker's assertion.\n\nHowever, こうだ、そうだ、ああだ、どうだ are known as 指示詞. They only point out\ndirections/distance from object(s) A and B, either physically or\npsychologically.\n\nSo, I think you can see that こさあど words are not considered 副詞 but as 指示詞\ninstead.",
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{
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"body": "I received the following email and I want to submit the 要旨, but should I\naddress the body of my email to 加島 or to 本部事務局? I did a Google search for her\nfull name but I didn't find it on a university website, so I don't know if she\nshould be addressed as 先生 or as さん.\n\n>\n> 日本基督教学会本部事務局の加島と申します。第63回学術大会での研究発表のご希望を受け付けました。（正式には、7月中旬の理事・幹事による承認を経て、研究発表が認められます）。\n>\n> 今後の予定をご紹介いたします。\n>\n>\n> １．6月19日（金）まで研究発表の要旨を400字程度にまとめ、本部事務局までお送りください。これは、理事・幹事による研究発表審査のためのものです。理事・幹事が内容を確認しますので、誤字・脱字等にもご注意ください。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-18T04:52:56.500",
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"id": "25122",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"honorifics",
"formality",
"email",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "How to address a formal email response to a 学会本部事務局 when you don't know if the person is a 教授 or not?",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "Don't use さん in a formal email.\n\nI think \" **事務局の** 加島\" means she is probably a clerical staff rather than a\nteacher. (Of course it's a good idea to check it using Google search) So the\nsafe choice would be to address her as 加島 **様**.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-18T07:43:19.927",
"id": "25127",
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] | 25122 | 25127 | 25127 |
{
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"body": "I want to say,\n\n> For health, I don't smoke, don't drink alcohol too much, do much exercise.\n\nHere is my attempt, but\n\n> 健{けん}康{こう}のために、たばこを吸{す}わなくて、あまりお酒{さけ}を飲{の}まなくて、よく運{うん}動{どう}しています。\n\nmy teacher said it sounds weird but she has not explained to me why it is\nweird.\n\nCould you help me to make it correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-06-18T05:00:30.287",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to concatenate negative form of verbs to make use of the pattern ～て、～て、～します?",
"view_count": 132
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{
"body": "Your sentence does sound awkward, if not terribly ungrammatical, for using\n「～～なくて」 multiple times. To me, it sounds \"forced\" or at least \"translated\" for\nthe purpose of getting used to the negative te-form, but the way you used it\nis making the sentence sound unadultlike.\n\nTo \"correct\" it with the minimum amount of plastic surgery, I might suggest\nsomething like:\n\n> 「健康のために、たばこ **は** 吸わず、あまりお酒 **も** 飲まず、よく運動する **ようにしています** 。」\n\nThe next one would probably be too much trimming, but to avoid using 「ず」\nmultiple times, one could say:\n\n> 「健康のために、タバコ **や** お酒 **は(or を)** [控]{ひか}え、よく運動するようにしています。」\n\nYou may just disregard my second sentence.",
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"creation_date": "2015-06-18T09:53:07.227",
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}
] | 25124 | 25129 | 25129 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 7,
"body": "> そんなわけで、まだ日も暮れない夕方の通学路を、駅に向かってゆっくりと歩く俺と加藤。\n\nI encountered this quote in a light novel and am stuck on how to interpret it.\nIt feels like 歩く should be \"walking\" in this context, but it is not 歩いている. The\nsentence does not seem to express future or habitual action like the\ndictionary form of a verb usually does either.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-18T05:16:04.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2015-06-18T16:41:43.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "9896",
"owner_user_id": "7712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses",
"aspect"
],
"title": "How does the present tense work in a relative clause?",
"view_count": 1472
} | [
{
"body": "You can use verbs in dictionary form to express the action of the noun.\n\nYou can also change most of the verbs into ている forms without any change in\nmeaning.\n\nYou can also use た forms, especially if there are time words marking past like\n昨日 etc.\n\nAll in all, all they are doing is acting like an adjective to describe the\nnoun it is connected to. So you are correct in your translation. You can\nconfirm the tense (ended action or future action etc.) by the text around the\nsentence. Hope that helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-18T11:07:16.067",
"id": "25131",
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"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "Japanese verbs don't really have tense. They are more aspect based.\n\n * Is the action completed? 歩いた\n * Or not completed? 歩く\n\nAlso, 歩く is a verb of movement（移動動詞）like 森を走る or 空を飛ぶ, so it uses を and\nalready implies an action that takes place over a period of time.\n\nSo, the sentence you provide from the book is part of a story narrative. It's\nvery common for Japanese to prefer the imperfect aspect (not yet completed\naction) in such a narrative context. After all, the story isn't over yet\nright? :P",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-13T02:12:11.833",
"id": "35879",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-13T02:12:11.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "15738",
"parent_id": "25125",
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"body": "There's not really enough context for a translation of the whole sentence, but\nI would do the following with the verb in question...\n\n`駅に向かってゆっくりと**歩く**俺と加藤。`\n\n> Kato and I slowly **walked** toward the station.\n>\n> Kato and I leisurely **made our way** to the station.\n\nI would choose \"walked\" or \"made our way\" in the past tense because it's clear\nfrom the context that this is a narrative about something that has already\nhappened.\n\nI guess you could go with...\n\n> Kato and I **were** slowly **walking** to the station.\n\n...if you wanted to emphasize that part.\n\nI guess what I'm getting at is that the fact that 歩く isn't 歩いている doesn't in\nany way rule out the idea that it's a progressive action taking place in the\npast. The verb 歩く in this context already gives that information, so if the\nauthor had chosen to write...\n\n`駅に向かってゆっくりと歩いている俺と加藤。`\n\n... then the basic meaning would not change and there wouldn't be any\ngrammatical problems, but it would seem like he was emphasizing the \"we were\nwalking\" part for some reason.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-13T02:30:40.297",
"id": "35881",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-13T02:30:40.297",
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{
"body": "OP says he/she is \"stuck on how to interpret it.\"\n\nEither of the following works :\n\n> そんなわけで、まだ日も暮れない夕方の通学路を、駅に向かってゆっくりと歩いている俺と加藤。\n>\n> そんなわけで、まだ日も暮れない夕方の通学路を、駅に向かってゆっくりと歩く俺と加藤。\n\nThe latter sounds more like a line from a movie (TV drama) script. The\nnarrator probably imagines himself a hero in a movie or a TV drama.\n\nIt also seems like a voice-over description.\n\n( Described video service (DVS) provides people who are visually impaired a\nvoice-over description of a program’s key visual elements with narration that\nis inserted during natural pauses in program dialogue. DVS generally presents\nactions that are not reflected in the dialogue, such as the movement of a\nperson in a scene. )",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T20:29:17.023",
"id": "38830",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-29T20:29:17.023",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "25125",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Disclaimer: I'm not an grammar expert, but I too was also struggling with\nthis, and not just with relative clauses. :-)\n\nI think you're mistaking it as future tense, when it's actually the infinitive\ntense. My advice would be to compare it (surprisingly) to English:\n\n> While the sun hadn't yet set, we **walk** towards the station.\n\nVs:\n\n> While the sun hadn't yet set, we **were walking** towards the station.\n\nIt seems like in Japanese, just as in English, the preference is to use the\n**infinitive** tense (the first sentence) in literature. In conversations,\nyou'd use the second form.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-28T01:51:46.447",
"id": "41269",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-28T01:51:46.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "This is still marked unanswered, but two of the above answers are correct. The\nmost salient point is that 歩いている would draw special attention to the ongoing\naction itself, as if to prepare the listener for something that was going to\nhappen. For example if they were walking and then they noticed something on\nthe ground.\n\nAlso, it feels more literary or \"painting a static picture\" (rather than\nconjuring up a moving picture in the listener's mind) as someone else noted.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T19:05:59.193",
"id": "41779",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T19:05:59.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19118",
"parent_id": "25125",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Saying 歩いている俺と加藤 is not wrong at all, but 歩く俺と加藤 looks more vivid and\ninteresting. This writing style is especially preferred in a script of a\ndrama, [sport news](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23349/5010), etc.\nSticking to the present tense is one of the fundamental rules of writing a\nscreenplay, according to [this\npage](http://kyakuhonkakikata.com/rulesofscreenplay).\n\nThis style is sometimes called [historical\npresent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_present) as opposed the past\ntense, but the general idea is that the employment of the pure dictionary-form\nis an effective way to express something vividly with a \"you-are-there\"\nfeeling. Using ている is redundant and can make this sentence a bit dull.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-17T15:01:06.450",
"id": "43622",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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}
] | 25125 | null | 43622 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25130",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is the first line of <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNI7hRPT2z8>\n\nMy problem is trying to understand what is trying to be conveyed. The sentence\ncan be broken into two parts:\n\n大好きなこのアリアカンパニーで and for simplicity we will cut this to このアリアカンパニーで as it\ndoesn't change the focus of my question as 大好きな informs us of the speakers\nfeelings of the company.\n\n無理に行き先を決めずゆっくり行こう: \"volitional\" form here is used as an invitation to the\nlistener(We who are watching the advert). Or at least I thought it was\nspeaking to us until later on. Starting at 0:43 it appears that the same\nperson who said that initial line is talking to a potential new recruit for\nthe company, which made me think that the line was directed towards this new\nperson instead, although this would to me seem rather strange to do it like\nthis. Can anyone clarify for me who is it that is being spoken to and a very\nbrief contextual translation?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-18T09:22:56.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25128",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-18T10:39:32.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10389",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of \"大好きなこのアリアカンパニーで無理に行き先を決めずゆっくり行こう” and to who it is said",
"view_count": 119
} | [
{
"body": "She is clearly talking to herself and to be completely honest, my Japanese\nbrain would not take any other interpretations.\n\nThe phrase 「[大好]{だいす}きな」 already gives us an important clue right from the\nbeginning. Who else besides the redhead herself do we know for sure likes\nアリアカンパニー so much that they plan on spending multiple years with it? Certainly,\nnot you the viewers or the possible new recruit.\n\nExpressing \"I shall ~~~~.\" is one important function of the volitional.\n\n\"I shall move on slowly without forcing myself to decide on my destination\nwith this Aria Company that I love so much \"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-18T10:39:32.440",
"id": "25130",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "25128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 25128 | 25130 | 25130 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25140",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This question is about the meaning of する in phrases like 偉そうにする, 幸せそうにする, and\n楽しそうにする\n\nIs this usage used to describe the way they do things/act, as opposed to doing\na specific verb such as in the cases of 美味しそうに食べる。So for example, 偉そうにする could\ndescribe the way the person talks, walks, their body language etc. The given\nexample of もっと楽しそうにしたらどうなの in full was せっかくの旅行なんだからもっと楽しそうにしたらどうなの which was\nsaid to someone who was complaining whilst they had come here to enjoy\nthemselves. Now from context it clearly means something like \"how about\nyou/why don't you try to enjoy yourself more(or I'd phrase it \"at least try to\nenjoy yourself\"), but I don't quite see grammatically which usage of する this\nwould come under.\n\nEdit: Just adding some of my thoughts. Would it be like 幸せそうにする > act happily\n> be happy?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-18T17:56:13.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25136",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-18T23:54:22.777",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-18T18:51:23.357",
"last_editor_user_id": "10389",
"owner_user_id": "10389",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The meaning of する in もっと楽しそうにしたらどうなの",
"view_count": 635
} | [
{
"body": "In the phrases you have listed, 「する」 roughly means \"to behave\" or \"to conduct\noneself\" in a certain manner **_said from the perspective of another\nperson_**. The true intentions or emotions of the person in question is not\nbeing considered here.\n\nThus, a definition like \"to appear to be behaving\" might actually be more\nfitting.\n\nTo give a rather common real-life example, some of the people who get labeled\nas 「えらそうにしている」 by others may indeed have no intention of acting like a big\nshot. It is just that they look like they do to some people.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-18T23:54:22.777",
"id": "25140",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-18T23:54:22.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "25136",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] | 25136 | 25140 | 25140 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "25139",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "With 丁寧語, it's very possible - 僕が行きます is a perfectly normal thing to say. But\nwhat of 僕が参ります? Would that sound odd? 私が参ります would be more normal, I think,\nbut is 僕が参ります possible at all?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-18T20:40:35.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "25138",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-19T05:56:11.033",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-18T20:52:43.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"keigo",
"pronouns",
"first-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "僕 in 敬語 - is it possible?",
"view_count": 775
} | [
{
"body": "I think 僕 is not very respectful (to the listener). It's not exactly rude (you\ncan use it with です・ます, after all) but it's a little relaxed.\n\n**So, if you are using 尊敬語 or 謙譲語 to show respect to the listener, then I\nthink 僕 does not fit** (normally you'd be using 私{わたくし} or some more relevant\nterm like 弊社).\n\n 1. However, if you're using 尊敬語 to show respect to some third party then I think it's totally fine. For example,\n\n> **Manager to subordinate:** \n> 僕は先ほど社長がおっしゃった件についてまだ答えを出していない。\n\n 2. Also, I can think of at least one exception here, which is if a much older person is talking to someone much younger, but that younger person is still someone who you would still use a light 尊敬語 with... for example,\n\n> **Presenter (company A) to onlooker (company B):** \n> 僕の発表は以上です。どう思われましたか？ or ご質問はありますか？\n\nThere might be other cases where the situation balances itself out enough (in\nthis case, old -> young vs company -> unaffiliated company) that you could\nprobably get some light/loose 尊敬語 where it might make sense to use 僕.\n\nAs a note, if you are ever using 謙譲語 (like you are in your example), then I\nthink that's already enough proof that the conversation is pretty formal in\ntone and you should not be using 僕. (Unless the 謙譲語 is being used\nsarcastically, of course.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-06-18T22:13:04.727",
"id": "25139",
"last_activity_date": "2015-06-19T05:56:11.033",
"last_edit_date": "2015-06-19T05:56:11.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "25138",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 25138 | 25139 | 25139 |
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