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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "I'm looking for some good ways to express whether food or other consumables\nare served at a restaurant. Here is some ideas I have:\n\n```\n\n この辺のレストランではラーメンを出してない (or \"〜が出てない\"?)\n この辺のレストランではラーメンを扱ってない\n この辺のレストランではラーメンを取り扱ってない\n この辺のレストランではラーメンを売ってない\n \n```\n\nWhich of these are natural or best for everyday conversation? If there are any\nother common ones I've missed please let me know.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-12T17:55:22.770", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36612", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-12T22:15:35.840", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11825", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "expressions" ], "title": "Natural way to talk about food served in a restaurant", "view_count": 128 }
[ { "body": "Among the four options you listed, ラーメンを出していない/出さない sounds the most natural to\nme. You can also say 「 **この辺の店はラーメンをやって(い)ない** 」 , which would sound equally\nnatural and even more casual.\n\nラーメンを扱う and ラーメンを取り扱う sounds too formal and stiff for everyday conversations.\n~を売る店 is okay for ordinary shops, but not for restaurants. I think\nハンバーグを売る店/寿司を売る店/etc will almost never be heard from native speakers.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-12T18:43:06.237", "id": "36614", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-12T18:49:41.550", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-12T18:49:41.550", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36612", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "I like naruto's reply, but I'd be curious of your intent since your format\nseems a bit odd.\n\nIn addition you may want to consider the below as a reference. It doesn't\nquite fit your mold but it feels more natural.\n\nこの辺でラーメンを食べられるお店(レストラン)はありますか。\n\nor\n\nこの辺でラーメンを食べられるお店(レストラン)はありません。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-12T22:15:35.840", "id": "36617", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-12T22:15:35.840", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "6823", "parent_id": "36612", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36622", "answer_count": 2, "body": "Sentence 1: 先生、この歌をお聞きになったことがありますか。 \n \nI thought it can just be \nSentence 2: 先生、この歌をお聞きになりましたか。\n\nIs sentence 2 wrong? If it's not, what's the difference in nuance between\nthose two?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T02:17:20.893", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36619", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T04:20:38.987", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "13611", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "usage" ], "title": "what nuance does ことがありますか add in this sentence?", "view_count": 222 }
[ { "body": "The two sentences in your example have slightly different meanings.\n\n```\n\n Sentence 1: 先生、この歌をお聞きになったことがありますか。 \n \n```\n\nYou might say this to ask the teacher if he/she had had the experience of\nhearing the song in the past. In _other_ words, \"Are you familiar with this\nsong?\" or \"Do you know this song?\"\n\n```\n\n Sentence 2: 先生、この歌をお聞きになりましたか。 \n \n```\n\nYou might say this to ask the teacher if he/she had simply physically heard\nthe song with their ears. So, maybe you're playing a tune and before the first\nbar is finished you quickly stop the music to ask the teacher if he/she has\nheard what that you were playing that particular song. Sort of like, \"Did you\nhear this song?\"\n\nQuick Summary:\n\n> Sentence 1: 先生、この歌を **お聞きになったことがありますか** 。\n\n**Have you heard** this song before Sensei?\n\n> Sentence 2: 先生、この歌を **お聞きになりましたか** 。\n\n**Did you hear** this song Sensei?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T04:11:31.037", "id": "36620", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T04:11:31.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36619", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "Not wrong. The difference is same as in English.\n\n> Sentence 1: この歌をお聞きになったことがありますか。\n>\n> Sentence 2: この歌をお聞きになりましたか。\n\nThese can be translated to\n\n> Sentence 1: Have you heard this song?\n>\n> Sentence 2: Did you hear this song?\n\nThe first one puts emphasis on the experience and the second one on the fact\n(not so long time ago).\n\nIt is natural for 先生 to answer \"Yes, when I was 5 years old.\" for the first\none, but this answer sounds strange for the second one. If 先生 answers \"Yes,\nlast week.\", it sounds natural for both.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T04:20:38.987", "id": "36622", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T04:20:38.987", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "16065", "parent_id": "36619", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36696", "answer_count": 3, "body": "> 名前書いたら帰る (I will write my name and I will go home)\n\nI was a bit confused because of the conditional たら, so I tried to made up a\nsentence to later ask a native speaker:\n\n> シャワーを浴びたら公園に行く (I want to say: \"I will take a shower and I will go to the\n> park\")\n\nSo, it uses the same grammar as in the manga I read. But when I asked my\nfriend, he said that the sentence: シャワーを浴びて公園に行く sounds more natural than the\none I made.\n\nWhat it's the difference between those two sentences? Is there any special\nrule about describing consecutive actions by using the conditional form?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T09:39:18.563", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36625", "last_activity_date": "2022-02-27T22:18:01.990", "last_edit_date": "2022-02-27T22:18:01.990", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "9478", "post_type": "question", "score": 9, "tags": [ "conditionals" ], "title": "2 different ways to describe consecutive actions", "view_count": 663 }
[ { "body": "したら is considered a conditional and can have the nuance \" _if_ X then Y\",\nwhich can imply that X may not happen. So your second sentence would sound\nsomething like one of these two:\n\n```\n\n If I take a shower, I will go to the park.\n When I take a shower, I will go to the park.\n \n```\n\nUsing the plain 〜て form more accurately describes two or more sequential\nactions, and you can use 〜てから to explicitly state these things are done one\nafter another, with no overlap.\n\nBecause of this your friend's sentence is much more natural for what you want\nto say.\n\nThe 〜たら has some complex nuances, however. For details, you can see an article\n[here](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2015/02/10/the-real-story-on-three-\njapanese-\nconditionals-%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%80%81%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%80%81%E3%81%99%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B0-suru-\nto-shitara-sureba/) I wrote about it.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T18:39:31.050", "id": "36630", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T23:26:14.857", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-13T23:26:14.857", "last_editor_user_id": "11825", "owner_user_id": "11825", "parent_id": "36625", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "[V1+たら+V2](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B):\nis used for \"After doing V1, I'll do V2\" or \"When I do V1, I'll do V2\"\n\nTherefore you can translate the following sentences as:\n\n名前書いたら帰る - When I write my name, I'll go home.\n\nシャワーを浴びたら公園に行く - After I shower, I'll go to the park.\n\n* * *\n\nThis is contrasted to [V1 (て-form) +\nV2](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound) which is used as\n\"I'll do V1 and (then) do V2\",\n\n名前を書いて帰る I'll write my name and (then) go home.\n\nシャワーを浴びて公園に行く - I will shower and (then) go to the park.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T22:31:56.703", "id": "36637", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T17:02:30.010", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-14T17:02:30.010", "last_editor_user_id": "3916", "owner_user_id": "3916", "parent_id": "36625", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "> 「シャワーを[浴]{あ}び **たら** [公園]{こうえん}に[行]{い}く。」\n\nis completely correct and _**very**_ natural despite what your friend said.\n「たら」 is used that way all the time among us native speakers. The nuance of\nthat sentence is that you know you will be going to the park pretty soon, but\nyou just want to take a shower first.\n\nNuance-wise, it is not as if taking a shower were the important \"condition\"\nfor you to go to the park. In other words, this is fairly different from\nsaying \" _ **If A, then B**_.\" both in meaning and feeling.\n\n「たら」 is only \"fully conditional\" both in name and form when used in sentences\nsuch as:\n\n> 「[雨]{あめ}が[降]{ふ}っ **たら** 、[明日]{あす}のピクニックは[中止]{ちゅうし}になります。」(If it rains,\n> tomorrow's picnic will be canceled.)\n>\n> 「そんなにお[菓子]{かし}ばかり[食]{た}べて **たら** 、[太]{ふと}るわよ。」(You will get fat if you keep\n> eating snacks like that.)\n\nI am sure that you could \"feel\" the difference in the use of 「たら」 between\nthose two sentences and the sentence in question about showering and going to\nthe park.\n\nIf the sentence in question had been:\n\n> 「シャワーを浴び **たら** 、公園に **行ってもいい** わよ。」\n\nit would have been a full-fledged conditional sentence because it would then\nhave meant \" _ **You may go to the park only if you take a shower first**_.\" A\nmother might say that to her kid.\n\nRegarding the other sentence in question,\n\n> 「シャワーを浴び **て** 公園に行く。」\n\nis certainly grammatical and \"okay\", but it is _**not**_ necessarily more\nnatural than the first sentence using 「たら」.\n\nTo my Japanese ears at least, that is a very character-less sentence. It is\nclose to memo-writing in feeling -- \" _ **Will do A and B**_.\".\n\nIt would be considerably more natural for a native speaker to say:\n\n> 「シャワーを浴び **てから** 公園に行く。」\n\nif one wanted to imply that the order of the two actions happening is of some\nimportance.\n\nThe te-form in general is useful, but it would help Japanese-learners to\nproduce more natural-sounding sentences if they learned to use\n「~~てから」、「~~て、それから」 instead of just using 「~~て」 in describing the order of\nconsecutive actions.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T23:48:48.430", "id": "36696", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T23:48:48.430", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36625", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36643", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Is ずんぐり(むっくり) at all related to/derived from [栗]{くり}?\n\nHere is a screenshot of the Google Image results when I searched for 「[くり\nキャラ](https://www.google.com/search?biw=1342&bih=986&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%80%80%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9&oq=%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%80%80%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9&gs_l=img.3..0i4l2.9960.13987.0.14854.9.8.1.0.0.0.62.436.8.8.0....0...1c.1j4.64.img..0.9.437...0i4i24.LELvfXDBL48)」:\n\n[![くり キャラ](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yRZ3z.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yRZ3z.jpg)\n\nAs you can see, most of these characters fit the description of ずんぐりむっくり.\n\nSo is there some kind of etymological connection here, or is this just an\nadorable coincidence?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T16:28:04.617", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36627", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T02:03:10.353", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "78", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "words", "etymology" ], "title": "Origin of ずんぐり(むっくり)", "view_count": 199 }
[ { "body": "No, there's no particular reason to suppose an etymological connection between\n/kuri/ and the other two words.\n\nThis /-ri/ ending is very common in mimetic adverbs, and indeed we find the\nexpected related term /mukumuku/ as well. There is no /zuguzugu/ that I'm\naware of, but according to the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten there is a dialect word\n/zugumu/ which means \"to be short and fat\".\n\nIn other words, we know in similar cases that the /-ri/ is an affix and the\nspecific mimetic meaning is carried by the rest of the word. We have strong\nevidence that this is the case here too. Therefore the most likely hypothesis\nis that the appearance of /-kuri/ or /-guri/ in these two words is just a\ncoincidence, same as it is in /bikkuri/, /yukkuri/, etc.\n\n**However** , it is certainly possible that the design of the _characters_ you\nshow was influenced by the similarity of the two words. Even if the word\n/kuri/ has nothing to do with /zunguri/ etymologically speaking, an\nillustrator might still notice the similarity of the words (even\nsubconsciously!) and let it influence her work.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T02:03:10.353", "id": "36643", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T02:03:10.353", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "531", "parent_id": "36627", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36642", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I came accross :\n\n> 行くのに1時間かかる。\n>\n> 行くには1時間かかる。\n\nAnd someone told me I could say :\n\n> 行くのには1時間かかる。\n\nSo I would like to know the difference between all these in details please,\nthanks", "comment_count": 8, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T17:58:19.883", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36628", "last_activity_date": "2021-01-28T21:14:01.130", "last_edit_date": "2021-01-28T21:14:01.130", "last_editor_user_id": "4216", "owner_user_id": "9539", "post_type": "question", "score": 12, "tags": [ "には" ], "title": "What is the difference between のに and には?", "view_count": 989 }
[ { "body": "These are the same except for the contrasting nuance added by「は」\n\n> * 行くのに1時間かかる\n> * **行く** のには1時間かかる ( **帰る** のには10分ですけど) \n> _Going_ there takes an hour. (But _coming back_ takes 10 minutes)\n>\n\nThis one is sort of a \"set phrase\" where the は is playing more of a topic-\nidentifying role rather than a contrasting one.\n\n> * **行くには** 1時間かかる \n> It takes an hour **to get there**\n>\n\nIt seemed natural for me to switch up the word order in the English sentences\nthere between using 行くのに and 行くには. Perhaps there is a shift in focus as well.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T01:33:59.620", "id": "36642", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T01:33:59.620", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36628", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36634", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> (1) **二つ目** のお話のthemeは愛と失意{しつい}です。 \n> (2) **二つ** のお話のthemeは愛と失意です。\n\nFundamentally, both sentences mean\n\n> The two themes of this talk are love and despair.\n\nWhat is the difference in meaning / nuance between #1 and #2?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T20:57:48.197", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36632", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T21:06:08.137", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15778", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "nuances", "counters" ], "title": "\"二つ目のお話しのtheme\" vs. \"二つのお話しのtheme\" nuance difference?", "view_count": 73 }
[ { "body": "The first one means\n\n> The themes of the **second** talk are love and despair.\n\nThe second one means\n\n> The themes of the two talks are love and despair → implying either 1) that\n> one talk is about love, and the other is about despair, **or** 2) they are\n> _both_ about both love and despair.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T21:06:08.137", "id": "36634", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T21:06:08.137", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "78", "parent_id": "36632", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "What exactly are the differences between using について and につき? In the following\nsentences, my grammar book says they are not interchangeable, but I don´t\nquite understand why. Thank you very much for your help.\n\n> この記事に **ついて** のご意見をお聞かせください。\n>\n> 新しい事業計画 **につき** 、これから御説明いたします。", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T20:59:23.200", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36633", "last_activity_date": "2020-03-15T10:50:39.833", "last_edit_date": "2020-03-15T10:50:39.833", "last_editor_user_id": "33435", "owner_user_id": "13771", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "verbs" ], "title": "Difference between について and につき", "view_count": 623 }
[ { "body": "> この記事 **についての** ご意見をお聞かせください。 \n> Please tell me your opinion **about** this article.\n>\n> 新しい事業計画 **につき** 、これから御説明いたします。 \n> Now I'd like to talk **about** the new project plan.\n\nNot interchangeable in the first sentence due to the の after について.\n\nBut this would be fine:\n\n> 新しい事業計画 **について** 、これから御説明いたします。 \n> Now I'd like to talk **about** the new project plan.\n\n * Also, 「につき」has an additional common usage \nwhich isn't interchangeable with「について」:\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ovWmf.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ovWmf.png)\n\nHere it is the same as saying, 「工事中 **なので** 」or「工事中 **のため** 」\n\n\" **Due to** Construction\" / \" **Because of** Construction\" \n\"Please Refrain from Parking\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T01:17:28.033", "id": "36641", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T01:17:28.033", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36633", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36645", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I'm new here but had some trouble finding this so I am going to ask.\n\nIs it OK to have more than one は or が particles in the same sentence, I've\nrealized that in cases that there is a comma it is OK because the sentence is\nfragmented but I have no clue in cases where there no comma.for instance the\nsentence \"I don't like people who like fish\". I have come with three ways to\nwrite it and Google translator have the same translation for the 3 of them bUT\nI feel that only one is right:\n\n1.私は魚が好きな人が好きじゃない\n\n2.私は魚好きな人が好きじゃない\n\n3.私は魚好きな人すきじゃない\n\nFor some reason I fell the third one is the correct, so I ask you, which one\nis the correct and why?\n\nThanks in advance.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T21:14:12.257", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36635", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T03:40:22.520", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16104", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "particles" ], "title": "Many subject and topic particles in the same sentence", "view_count": 311 }
[ { "body": "The correct translation is 1.\n\n> 私は魚が好きな人が好きじゃない。\n\n私は(noun)が好きじゃない and the (noun) is 人 which has been modified by 魚が好きな.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T21:44:33.667", "id": "36636", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T21:44:33.667", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11192", "parent_id": "36635", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "It's OK to have two or more が/は in one sentence, and this typically happens\nwhen a _relative clause_ is involved, like in this case. (I think you know the\nbasics of relative clauses, but here's a good starter: [Relative Clauses and\nSentence Order](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/clause))\n\n> 1. 私は魚が好きな人が好きじゃない。\n> 2. 私は魚好きな人が好きじゃない。\n> 3. 私は魚好きな人好きじゃない。\n>\n\nThese all make sense, and carry the same meaning.\n\nBut Sentence 3 sounds blunt and a bit unnatural to me. While simple particles\nlike が/は tend to be omitted in simple sentences in casual conversations, a\nlonger noun clause like 魚好きな人 (\"people who like fish\") tends to be explicitly\nmarked with some particle. Otherwise, the sentence would be hard to parse.\n\n> * 本読んだ。 (okay in casual conversations)\n> * [?] 友達に借りた厚くて難しい本読んだ。 (makes sense, but を is usually expected after 本)\n>\n\nAnd also note that `好【ず】き` after a noun is [almost considered as a suffix\n(\"-phil\", \"lover\")](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D-1), so Sentence 2\nlooks okay simply because 魚【さかな】好【ず】き sounds like one na-adjective. Note that\n好き is read as ずき due to\n[rendaku](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2526/5010).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T03:09:17.350", "id": "36645", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T03:40:22.520", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36635", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36639", "answer_count": 1, "body": "The whole sentence is:\n\n> 私 **となりに** 住んでおります綾瀬と申します\n\nIt's from the manga yotsubato, that I'm trying to read along with a translated\nversion. The translated one says \"I live right next door. We're the Ayase\nresidence\"\n\nSo I couldn't find anything conclusive about this なり word, and I also don't\nknow about this と, if it's part of the same expression, or a separate\nparticle, and if it is, I don't know the role it's playing here. Could you\nplease clarify?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T23:13:51.653", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36638", "last_activity_date": "2020-03-21T14:27:49.773", "last_edit_date": "2020-03-21T14:27:49.773", "last_editor_user_id": "37097", "owner_user_id": "12121", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "manga" ], "title": "What does と and なり mean in this sentence?", "view_count": 138 }
[ { "body": "I think you are confused because you are trying to distinguish と and なり while\nit is just a single word: となり, or 隣 in kanji, that means \"neighbor/next to (as\nin living next door)\". This should clarify your doubt I hope.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T23:31:57.697", "id": "36639", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T23:31:57.697", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14205", "parent_id": "36638", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36644", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm reading a manga and two people are having a conversation about a secret\nrendezvous (not sure yet if it's a rendezvous between the two people speaking\nor the people they are speaking about), when the man says:\n\n> 今ごろお前の隣の部屋で / **ヤリまくり** だ\n\nI believe the first part says \"About this time at your neighbor's place,\" but\nI don't know what the second part means. I've looked it up on jisho.org and\nhave inputted it into a few translators and nothing relevant comes up. I've\neven parsed it thinking that as 2 separate words (ヤリ+まくり) something would ring\na bell. The slash is where the sentence was broken up in the manga.\n\nPlease tell me what **ヤリまくり** means and if I've correctly translated the first\npart of the sentence as well.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-13T23:55:15.207", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36640", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T03:51:50.850", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-14T03:51:50.850", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "11234", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning", "manga", "parsing" ], "title": "Meaning of: やりまくり", "view_count": 1479 }
[ { "body": "Yes it's やり (masu-stem of やる) + まくり (masu-stem of まくる).\n\n * やる: See the eleventh definition of [やる on jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E9%81%A3%E3%82%8B).\n * masu-stem + まくる: \"to do a lot of...\" It's the second definition of [まくる on jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%8D%B2%E3%82%8B).\n * まくり is in the masu-stem form so that it works as a noun. See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T02:11:10.807", "id": "36644", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T02:11:10.807", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36640", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36647", "answer_count": 1, "body": "There is a line in an anime said this:\n\n> でも[高校生]{こうこうせい} **のみ** [運]{うん}ないな。\n\nI understand all the vocabulary in the above line. However, I really don't\nknow which one is indicated by のみ, the high school or luck?\n\nSo I try to translate it randomly, in the way I feel most comfortable:\n\n> But, you're only unlucky high school student.\n\nAm I right? Thanks for advance.\n\nUpdate: **The context** is a boss having a conversation with a newbie. It\nhappens in workplace for graphic designer, btw. The previous lines of this\nboss is about how surprised she is when she learn how young her new junior is,\njust graduating high school.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T04:36:15.133", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36646", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T06:35:51.297", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-14T06:35:51.297", "last_editor_user_id": "7736", "owner_user_id": "7736", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation", "particles" ], "title": "Closed due to misunderstanding | How should I translate the sentence with ~のみ", "view_count": 104 }
[ { "body": "Some context would be helpful as it seems a very colloquial expression. Anyway\nI believe that のみ here refers to the student (since it always follows what it\nrefers to) and I would translate \" _...but only high school student(s?) have\nno luck_ \".\n\nSplitting it a bit more, it makes me feel of something along the line of \"\n_(the fact of) having no luck is restricted to high school students_ \". Does\nthat make sense to you, given the context?\n\nHowever, what seems a bit odd to me is that のみ is usually used in formal\nspeech/writing while the sentence you wrote seems from a casual conversation.\n\nThere is some explanation about だけ and のみ\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/amount).\n\nSome context would be helpful as it seems a very colloquial expression. Anyway\nI believe that のみ here refers to the student (since it always follows what it\nrefers to) and I would translate \" _...but only high school student(s?) have\nno luck_ \".\n\nSplitting it a bit more, it makes me feel of something along the line of \"\n_(the fact of) having no luck is restricted to high school students_ \". Does\nthat make sense to you, given the context?\n\nHowever, what seems a bit odd to me is that のみ is usually used in formal\nspeech/writing while the sentence you wrote seems from a casual conversation.\n\nThere is some explanation about だけ and のみ\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/amount).\n\nBig Edit: Thanks to a comment now we know that the sentence was actually:\n\"高校生にも見えないな\" .. That has pretty much nothing to do with your original\nquestion.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T05:10:54.063", "id": "36647", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T06:34:42.050", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-14T06:34:42.050", "last_editor_user_id": "14205", "owner_user_id": "14205", "parent_id": "36646", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36656", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm reading Kawabata's 「雪国」alongside Seidensticker's translation from 1956. A\nfew pages in our narrator casts a glance at a sick man's hand and describes it\nas 男の青黄色い手. Now I'm wondering what colour is being described. When I google\nthe term I get recipes for how to make green but I've a feeling the hand is\nmore distinctly both blue and yellow. However, Seidensticker translates it as\n\"ashen\" - which seems not only to be an attempt at translating it into how one\nin the English language would often describe the colour of a sick person, but\nalso wholly off considering the kanji at play.\n\nTo my inner eyes the distinct combination of blue and yellow seems right -\nmoreso than green or ashen - but I'm interested in how a native (or anyone\nwith a keen inner eye) perceives this.\n\nよろしくお願いします。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T10:49:52.827", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36649", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T15:00:18.753", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "8082", "post_type": "question", "score": 8, "tags": [ "meaning", "colors" ], "title": "The colour of 青黄色い", "view_count": 230 }
[ { "body": "There are many common expressions to describe unhealthy skin using colors (eg,\n青白い, 赤黒い, 土気色の), but 青黄色い is not something in common use in modern Japanese.\n青い is commonly associated with pale and anemic skins, but 黄色い皮膚 is usually\nassociated with jaundice (due to some liver disease). And according to\nWikipedia, this guy (行男) had intestinal tuberculosis, which rarely causes\njaundice. I'm at a loss to explain this further, but we can instantly\nunderstand that his hand had a \"very unusual and unhealthy-looking color\",\nanyway.\n\nShould this have been translated literally as \"blue and yellow\" rather than\n\"ashen\"? I'm not very sure, but \"blue and yellow\" seems a bit too vivid to my\ninner eyes... After reading the first part of 雪国 ([available\nhere](http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/tachiyomi/bunko/index.php?pcd=321301000064)),\nsomehow I feel the author was trying to describe something more colorless,\n土気色-ish skin by 青黄色い...", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T14:38:02.517", "id": "36656", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T15:00:18.753", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-14T15:00:18.753", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36649", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36654", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Someone asked me to lend money but I want to reject his request by saying:\n\n> I don't want to take the risk of not being repaid by you.\n\nHow to say it in Japanese?\n\nMy attempt is as follows:\n\n> あなたが返さないリスクを取りたくないです。\n\nDoes it sound natural?\n\n# Note:\n\nIndirectness is not necessarily needed in this context.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T12:52:02.017", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36650", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T14:15:46.520", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11192", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation" ], "title": "How to say \"I don't want to take the risk of not being repaid by you\"?", "view_count": 890 }
[ { "body": "> あなたが返さないリスクを取りたくないです。\n\nThis would surely make yourself understood, but there is a small room for\nimprovement. Saying あなた is not really common in Japanese, as you probably\nknow.\n\nInstead, you can say \"お金が返ってこないリスク\" or \"お金を返してくれないリスク\" (without あなた).\n\nThis statement will sound very \"direct\", as you can guess. Please use at your\nown risk.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T14:15:46.520", "id": "36654", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T14:15:46.520", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36650", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "So, from my search it seems a lot of people say that there are almost no\ndifferences between による and によっては. Nevertheless, my grammar books says that\nによっては can be used like for \"on the possibility of something happen\". An\nexample:\n\n> 国によっては安楽死が認められている。\n\nSo this sentence, instead of translating like \"Depending on the countries,\neuthanasia may be allowed\", a more proper translation should be \"Depending on\nthe countries, there is a possibility that euthanasia may be allowed\".\n\nWhoever it also adds, that there are some exceptions, and 晴れ時々曇り、所により雨 also\nhas a nuance of possibility that something will happen.\n\nCan someone please add some more example sentences to explain this? It seems\nthat による has just so many uses, and I´m getting quite confused distinguishing\nbetween them all. Thank you.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T13:07:55.910", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36651", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T01:52:23.730", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T21:47:55.753", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "13771", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "nuances" ], "title": "による for highlighting differences", "view_count": 302 }
[ { "body": "First of all, I do not necessarily think that 「~~による」 has so many usages at\nall. It certainly is a very useful phrase and therefore, it is used\nfrequently, but it has a rather limited meaning and usage -- \" _ **to depend\non ~~**_ \".\n\nI naturally have no idea exactly what your grammar book says, but as a\nJapanese-speaker, I do know for sure that the sentence:\n\n> 「[国]{くに}によっては[安楽死]{あんらくし}が[認]{みと}められている。」\n\ndoes _**not**_ mean either\n\n> \"Depending on the countries, euthanasia _**may**_ be allowed\" or\n>\n> \"Depending on the countries, _**there is a possibility**_ that euthanasia\n> _**may**_ be allowed.\"\n\nFrom where in the original Japanese sentence are you getting \" _ **may**_ \" or\n\" _ **possibility**_ \"?\n\nThat original sentence simply means:\n\n> \"Depending on the countries, euthanasia is allowed.\"\n\nRegarding the often-used expression in weather forecast:\n\n> 「[晴]{は}れ[時々曇]{ときどきくも}り、[所]{ところ}により[雨]{あめ}」\n\nIt does not explicitly say \"possibility that something will happen\". It is\njust that weather forecast is all about possibilities in the first place. That\nphrase just means:\n\n> \"Sunny, partly cloudy with isolated showers.\"\n\nIt is true, though, that 「~~による」 and 「~~によって」 appear at different places in\nsentences, and that may be part of your confusion.\n\nFor instnace, the sentence above about euthanasia can be rephrased as:\n\n> 「安楽死が認められているかどうかは、国による/よります。」 or\n>\n> 「安楽死が認められているかどうかは、国によって[異]{こと}なります。」\n\nBoth mean the same thing as the original.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T15:34:45.257", "id": "36754", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T01:52:23.730", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36651", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36653", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I just finished the manga, [Goodnight Punpun Vol.\n1](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1421586207) and I noticed several\noccasions within the work where a character crossed their arms and chanted\n\"Sei\". Could someone tell me the meaning of this gesture?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T13:17:25.460", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36652", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T14:42:53.080", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16107", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "culture", "phrase-requests" ], "title": "Sei Sei Sei chant", "view_count": 489 }
[ { "body": "Do you mean this?\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZOro8.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZOro8.png) \n(taken from the [sample\nhere](http://sokuyomi.jp/product/oyasumipun_001/CO/1/))\n\nThis strange gesture and chant is not something widely shared in the Japanese\nculture.\n\nFrom what I can tell from the sample, this gesture is intended to be\nmeaningless and puzzling at first sight. It feels just like other surrealistic\nexpressions found throughout the sample. Maybe this is going to be proven\nmeaningful somewhere after vol. 1. Maybe it will be meaningless forever.\n\n[This tweet](https://twitter.com/comanchieeeeeee/status/78799100476272641)\nsays it's a religion(?) found only in this manga. I think it's reasonable, but\nI couldn't confirm it.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T13:56:10.083", "id": "36653", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-14T14:42:53.080", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-14T14:42:53.080", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36652", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36661", "answer_count": 1, "body": "要はその期限まで、誰にも私たちの事をしゃべらず、また、勝手に **死ななければ晴れて** 自由の身ってこと。\n\nI don't understand what that bold part mean.\n\nIs this a set phrase?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T16:07:13.503", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36658", "last_activity_date": "2021-09-18T12:23:20.857", "last_edit_date": "2021-09-18T12:23:20.857", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11352", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "words" ], "title": "晴れて usage and meaning", "view_count": 219 }
[ { "body": "晴れて is a adverb and it means \"overtly\",\"publicly\",\"openly\". So 晴れて自由の身だ means\nI am openly free. See [晴れて in goo\n辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/180580/meaning/m0u/%E6%99%B4%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6/).\n\nFor example, 晴れて夫婦になる, 晴れて無罪となる.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T18:27:55.057", "id": "36661", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T05:30:26.293", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T05:30:26.293", "last_editor_user_id": "11104", "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "36658", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36683", "answer_count": 3, "body": "I came across an example like this:\n\n> 頼り無さげに 見られるぶん;生徒達に慕って もらえるのは 素直に嬉しい \n> tayorinasage ni mirareru bun; seitotachi ni shitatte moraeru no wa sunao ni\n> ureshii\n\nAfter searching several grammar dictionaries, I haven't seen a single example\nof ぶん used like this, nor of げ used after a さ nominalization of of an i-adj.\nEventually, with the help of a native Japanese-speaker, I parsed this sentence\nlike this:\n\n> \"The degree to which I am seen as appearing unreliable, as for being able to\n> get my students to look up to me, I am truly happy.\"\n\nI've interpreted it as the teacher explaining that she'd rather be admired\nthan respected. For a more natural translation:\n\n> \"As much as they might see me as unreliable, my students' affection is what\n> truly makes me happy.\"\n\nThis seems like an odd usage of ぶん, I'd expect either ほど or くらい in this\nposition. The closest example on this site I've found is: [The meaning of “ぶん”\nin “見ているぶんには…”](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13653/), but this\ndeals with a post-verb ぶん only in a specific context. Is this use of ぶん\ncommon?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T17:58:43.610", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36659", "last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T06:09:53.577", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "16112", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "nominalization" ], "title": "ぶん after a standard form verb vs ほど or くらい", "view_count": 1451 }
[ { "body": "I hear this in daily speech from time to time. Not every day, but often enough\nto be familiar with it.\n\nThis usage seems to fit with the 4th definition of「分」found\n[here](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%88%86):\n\n> 物事の様子・状態。また, **程度** 。 **くらい** 。 「この-なら大丈夫だ」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T00:23:34.727", "id": "36664", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T00:23:34.727", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36659", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "頼り無さげに見られる **ぶん** 、生徒達に慕ってもらえるのは素直に嬉しい is different from ほど or くらい versions in\nthe point that it means \"To be honest, I'm glad that my students get along\nwith me **exactly because** they might see me as unreliable\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T02:50:40.167", "id": "36671", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T02:50:40.167", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "36659", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> ぶん【分】... \n> (語法) 「・・・分(だけ)、・・・」の形で、その程度に応じて他の事柄の程度も進む意を表す。「期待していなかった **分**\n> 、余計にうれしかった」「スピードを上げた **分だけ** 疲れが出た。」\n\nIn the format of \"~~分(だけ)、~~\", it indicates that the degree of something\nbecomes greater in accordance with the higher degree of something else.\n「期待していなかった **分** 、余計にうれしかった」 \"I felt all the happier because I wasn't\nexpecting that.\" 「スピードを上げた **分だけ** 疲れが出た。」 \"I got all the more exhausted\nbecause I increased my speed.\"\n\nSo I think the ぶん in your example means \" **All the more for/because...** \"\n\n> 頼り無さげに見られる **ぶん** 、生徒達に慕ってもらえるのは素直に嬉しい。\n\n\"Frankly / Naturally I feel **all the happier** that my students adore / look\nup to / count on me **because** I am (usually/often) seen unreliable.\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T06:50:38.823", "id": "36683", "last_activity_date": "2017-08-15T06:09:53.577", "last_edit_date": "2017-08-15T06:09:53.577", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "36659", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36670", "answer_count": 2, "body": "> 才能がないことはないけど、私(の or は)才能があまりすごくない。 \"It's not that I don't have talent, but\n> my talents aren't very cool.\"\n\nWhich particle would be more acceptable? I ask this because in Japanese there\nare phrases such as 頭がいい (smart) and in sentences with this it would be, for\nexample:\n\n> 彼は頭がいい。He is smart. (\"his head is good.\")\n\nWith は as opposed to の because while の is not technically incorrect は in that\nplace sounds more natural to Japanese speakers. When describing attributions\nof something one uses \"Topic は Noun が Adjective です\", right? Can I use this\npattern in this case?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-14T23:44:21.887", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36662", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T07:31:40.940", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14352", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-は", "particle-の" ], "title": "の or は, which particle would be a better choice in this sentence?", "view_count": 196 }
[ { "body": "Probably best not to use 私は unless this is the first sentence in a paragraph,\nor you're contrasting yourself with someone/everyone else.\n\nSomething like this would sound better to me:\n\n> 才能がないことはないけど、才能があまりすごくない。\n\nBut, if you definitely want to put 私は in, I would suggest putting it up front:\n\n> 私は才能がないことはないけど、才能があまりすごくない。\n\nTo get across the full meaning of your English expression though, I would\nsuggest something like the following:\n\n * 才能がない **こともない** けど、 **そんなにすごいわけではないです** 。\n * **私は** 才能がない **こともない** けど、 **そんなにすごいわけではないです** 。 \n\n\"It's not that I don't have talent, but my talents aren't very cool.\"", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T00:38:54.727", "id": "36665", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T07:31:40.940", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-15T07:31:40.940", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36662", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "In the first sentence, the only acceptable choice is は.\n\n才能がないことはないけど、私の才能があまりすごくない is wrong because it lacks topics (while it's a\nsentence of statement that stands for general judgement or recognition about\nsomething). In other words, 私の才能は… is correct.\n\nThe second sentence is basically the same. But there's a room to suppose\n(unusual) situations where you use topicless sentences, like when you suddenly\nbump into a scene where you find someone unexpectedly smart, or when you\nconfirm what the opponent has just said.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T02:20:08.147", "id": "36670", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T02:20:08.147", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "36662", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36666", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I have been learning Japanese for a month now, using various online sources\nand the Genki I textbook. In the textbook, lesson 1 introduces the\n「XはYです」sentence structure and although I'm way past this lesson, I always\nreturn to this concept because it's simple, yet confusing for me.\n\nThe grammatical explanation given to me was \"X is Y. As for X, it is Y.\"\nUnlike the other sentence structures mentioned in the book, for example\nnoun1のnoun2 (to express possession), there was no indication whether the X and\nY variables in 「XはYです」were supposed to be a specific part of speech.\n\nI know I can replace the variables with nouns, for example 私はがくせいです to say \"I\nam a student.\" And that they are interchangeable, for example がくせいは私です to say\n\"The student is me.\n\nIf nouns are interchangeable, can a noun and an adjective be interchangeable\nas well? For example, 私はかわいいです (I am cute) to かわいいは私です(Cute I am). If not, is\nthere a sentence structure where I can state the adjective first before\nmentioning the noun?\n\nありがとうございます!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T00:16:08.260", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36663", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T05:06:17.930", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16115", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "usage", "syntax", "particle-は", "word-order" ], "title": "Can I replace X with an adjective in 「XはYです」?", "view_count": 288 }
[ { "body": "## X は Y です\n\n * Noun, Noun Phrase ⇒ X \n * Adjective, Noun, Noun Phrase ⇒ Y \n\nかわいい by itself is an adjective, so it can't go into X\n\n> ×「 **かわいいは** 私です」 - This is _not_ OK\n\nIf you add の you can make a noun phrase and put that before the noun at Y\n\n> ○「 **かわいいのは** 私です」 - This is OK\n\nYou can see more information about how の can be used to make noun phrases\n(nominalization) at the links below:\n\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticles>\n<http://www.imabi.net/l112nominalization.htm>", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T00:49:12.320", "id": "36666", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T05:06:17.930", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-15T05:06:17.930", "last_editor_user_id": "7055", "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36663", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36691", "answer_count": 4, "body": "At work, I would naturally use the above line as a transition. What equivalent\nphrases can I use in Japanese?\n\nI could come up only with a quite literal translation:\n\n> 真面目に言うと", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T01:13:46.037", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36668", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T07:45:00.603", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T05:28:05.903", "last_editor_user_id": "11104", "owner_user_id": "664", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "translation", "idioms" ], "title": "\"On a more serious note\" equivalent expression in Japanese", "view_count": 351 }
[ { "body": "Jitsu ni.\n\nInformally speaking.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T04:12:23.240", "id": "36676", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T04:12:23.240", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16119", "parent_id": "36668", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "真面目な話 \nマジな話 (slangy)\n\n実に for this meaning is too old fashioned. I only see it in novels written in\nseveral decades ago.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T05:47:30.683", "id": "36680", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T07:45:00.603", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T07:45:00.603", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "16065", "parent_id": "36668", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "> 「[真面目]{まじめ}に[言]{い}うと」\n\nis **_not_** really the equivalent of \" ** _on a more serious note_** \" in\nthat the former cannot be used to introduce a new topic, which is what the\nlatter is used for.\n\n「真面目に言うと」 can only be used when you want to describe in a more serious manner\nthe same thing that you have just described jokingly or half-jokingly.\n\nIf you want to move on from a non-serious topic to a rather serous one, you\ncould say:\n\n> 「(もう[少]{すこ}し or もっと or ちょっと)真面目な[話]{はなし}を **すると** 」\n\nor\n\n> 「(もう少し or もっと or ちょっと)真面目な[話題]{わだい}に[変]{か}えると」\n\nYou could use 「シリアスな」 instead of 「真面目な」 with no problems.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T15:26:13.840", "id": "36691", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T16:02:24.867", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-15T16:02:24.867", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36668", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "I like the expression \"それより\" which has the nuance of \"more importantly...\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T15:37:43.183", "id": "36692", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T15:37:43.183", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11825", "parent_id": "36668", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36717", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I want to write Inoue Akane. I can write Inoue (井上) but I can't write Akane.\n\nHow would you change アカネ/あかね to 茜? It doesn't show up on the kanji bar thing\n(when you write in hiragana and you have to change it to kanji) so am I\nwriting Akane wrong?", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T01:59:28.340", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36669", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T05:44:16.327", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T05:39:08.613", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "16118", "post_type": "question", "score": -5, "tags": [ "names", "input-method" ], "title": "How do I write Akane in Japanese?", "view_count": 2202 }
[ { "body": "First of all, you are doing everything correctly by typing `akane` in hiragana\nmode, which should give you `あかね`, and trying to convert it to kanji.\n\n[![akane](https://i.stack.imgur.com/72j8v.gif)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/72j8v.gif)\n\nIn the list of suggestions when trying to convert あかね, you _should_ get 茜 as a\nsuggestion (my IME has it). If this doesn't work for you, you should be able\nto get it by its other reading せん.\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yRRLZ.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yRRLZ.png)\n\nIf neither あかね nor せん convert to 茜 in your IME, you should always be able to\nadd it as an option (in the \"custom dictionary\") to your IME. (Doing this,\nhowever, becomes a tech support question, which is off-topic for this site.\nYou should be able to find a tutorial online for your IME.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T05:24:49.060", "id": "36717", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T05:44:16.327", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T05:44:16.327", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "36669", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36694", "answer_count": 3, "body": "「Vて+しまう」 to express an action that has taken place unintentionally often with\nunsatisfactory results (guidetojapanese.org). I have a sentence below and I\ndon't know what the 「しまう」 for.\n\n> 試験が終わった!今日は飲んじゃおう!(~のんでしまおう) \n> meaning: Oh, the exam is over! I am going to have a drink!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T02:56:57.793", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36672", "last_activity_date": "2018-05-20T02:58:33.320", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-15T05:37:52.837", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "11132", "post_type": "question", "score": 6, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning" ], "title": "Vて+しまう? 他の使い方がある?", "view_count": 1071 }
[ { "body": "In this case rather than expressing that the action is unintentional and\nperhaps unsatisfactory, in this case it means something like:\n\n> \"The exam is over! _Today_ , let's drink!\"\n\n(Normally I would refrain from drinking today, but since _today_ is the day\nthat we completed the test it's OK to let myself have a little fun and **_not\nworry about the result_** so much)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T03:41:30.440", "id": "36675", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T03:41:30.440", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36672", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "Sometimes ~んでしまう means some of actions that you do without too much thinking\nabout the responsibility or afterwards. Such as: 飲んでしまう やってしまう いってしまう, etc.\nThis may be quite similar to \"unintentional behavior\", but it is also slightly\ndifferent.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T19:41:01.513", "id": "36694", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T19:41:01.513", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16129", "parent_id": "36672", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 }, { "body": "I found a paper about the Vて+しまう form.\n\n<https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/45277/1/15thIlbonyongu_Ms.Isshiki.PDF>\n\n> 本稿では -てしまう の主観的意味として<一掃><遺憾>を挙げる。<一掃> は 動作主体が意志を持って行為を行って負担感などを一掃し、その結果、話し\n> 手が爽快感を感じること を表し、<遺憾>は 動作主体が意志を持って行為を行い、あるいはコントロール不可能な状況下で行為を行い、その結果話し手が残念\n> な気持ちになること を表すが、これらは両形式に固定的な意味というよりは、 発話状況を含めた文脈によってその都度実現する語用論的意味である。\n\nI think this `一掃(sweep)` exactly explain the nuance of しまう。\n\n> 動作主体が意志を持って行為を行って負担感などを一掃し、その結果、話し手が爽快感を感じることを表す (The agent does something\n> by own will and sweep the sense of burden, as a result the speaker feels a\n> sense of exhilaration.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2018-05-20T02:58:33.320", "id": "58835", "last_activity_date": "2018-05-20T02:58:33.320", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11556", "parent_id": "36672", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36681", "answer_count": 4, "body": "When you are talking to a 3rd person, fundamentally\n\n> (1) それは、 **私達** の出来あげたものです。 \n> (2) それは、 **われわれ** の出来あげたものです。\n\nmean:\n\n> That is something that we all created together.\n\nWith regard to using them as **first person, plural, possessive pronouns** ,\nthis a nuanced choice. `I'm not asking about using them as subjects, objects,\ntopical nouns, etc. Just as possessive pronouns.`\n\n * My feeling is that #1 is about taking more direct credit for what was accomplished? It sounds rude? Like you considered yourself the lead in a small group of 4 or 5 people? \n\n * Even if you were the lead, always express to outsiders that _a team of equals_ , among them yourself, accomplished something? That is choice #2?", "comment_count": 11, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T02:59:46.893", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36673", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T02:09:33.570", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-15T03:44:24.557", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "15778", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "nuances", "first-person-pronouns" ], "title": "Difference between \"私達\" and \"われわれ\" when used as possessive pronouns?", "view_count": 2688 }
[ { "body": "I don't believe that there is any special difference in meaning imparted by\nadding の to われわれ or わたしたち・わたくしたち.\n\nAdding の only turns these words into a possessive pronouns.\n\nThe choice between these expressions will always involve how you feel about\nwho you are addressing and people you include as \"we\", regardless of whether\nwhat follows describes something you have done together or not.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T03:21:17.963", "id": "36674", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T03:21:17.963", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36673", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "There are no such differences in terms of nuances that you point out. Both are\nnot rude and can be used for 4,5 people. 私たち and われわれ are always\ninterchangeable without making the sentence rude or improper.\n\nInstead, it changes an impression a bit. われわれ sounds slightly more academic or\npolitical while 私たち sounds slightly softer. Or I can say われわれ, in any\ngrammatical situations, is more used by male speakers. But it's not strange at\nall if women use われわれ.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T05:28:46.287", "id": "36678", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T05:28:46.287", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16065", "parent_id": "36673", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "* There is not such verb as 出来上げる, although 出来上がる (intransitive) and 作り上げる (transitive) exist.\n * No one can possess a verb. That の after 我々/私たち is a _subject_ marker, which can replace が only in relative clauses. See: [How does the の work in 「日本人の知らない日本語」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/5010)\n * 我々 and 私たち are always first person and plural pronouns, of course. And I don't know why you think they behave differently only when used as the possessive pronouns.\n * Simply, 我々 is more formal and stiffer than 私たち. The number of people in the group doesn't matter. The level of confidence doesn't matter. Whether you were a lead or not doesn't matter, either. You can use 我々 when you do a presentation in a business setting, make a serious speech, take a job interview, etc. But recently more and more people tend to use 私たち in such a situation, too, because 私たち sounds milder. Politicians 100 years ago might have been using 我々 all the time, but we often hear politicians say 私たち today. Using 私たち won't be rude in almost any situation. Using 我々 in an inappropriate situation (eg. among close friends and referring to \"we\") is not rude, either, but it may sound a bit unfriendly, depending on the context.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T05:48:49.950", "id": "36681", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T06:26:40.890", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36673", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "Essentially, both mean \"We\". In my experience 我々 has the nuance of a \"we\"\nwithin a defined group: we (our class, our company, our country), where 私達 has\nno nuance. A very common use case is 我々日本人", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T02:09:33.570", "id": "36715", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T02:09:33.570", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7003", "parent_id": "36673", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36679", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I just had to tell a long booking number over the phone, and realized that\nsome characters like V/B can be hard to convey.\n\nSo, I want to learn exactly how each letter is currently taught in Japanese\nschools.\n\nFor every case where there are variants (like for H or\n[Z](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6018/what-is-the-more-common-\npronunciation-for-the-r-%C5%8Dmaji-letter-z-in-japanese/6022)), please select\nonly one, the one that will be the most understood and induce the least amount\nof ambiguity when spoken as part of a meaningless booking number.\n\nPlease also indicate what moras must be stressed.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T05:19:44.883", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36677", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T11:25:11.893", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "107", "post_type": "question", "score": 20, "tags": [ "pronunciation", "katakana", "loanwords", "rōmaji", "pitch-accent" ], "title": "How to pronounce the English alphabet? (A, B, C, ...)", "view_count": 11000 }
[ { "body": "I share your experience. Sticking straight to the _katakana_ pronunciation\nbelow, I have never had the problem of someone not understanding me any more.\nI believe this is the pronunciation currently taught in Japanese schools.\n\nA: エー【HL】 \nB: ビー【HL】 \nC: シー【HL】 \nD: ディー【HHL】 \nE: イー【HL】 \nF: エフ【HL】 \nG: ジー【HL】 \nH: エイチ【HLL】 \nI: アイ【HL】 \nJ: ジェー【HHL】 \nK: ケー【HL】 \nL: エル【HL】 \nM: エム【HL】 \nN: エヌ【HL】 \nO: オー【HL】 \nP: ピー【HL】 \nQ: キュー【HHL】 \nR: アール【HLL】 \nS: エス【HL】 \nT: ティー【HHL】 \nU: ユー【HL】 \nV: ブイ【HL】 \nW: ダブリュー【HLLLL】 \nX: エックス【HLLL】 \nY: ワイ【HL】 \nZ: ゼット【HLL】\n\nIn all cases the pitch drops after the first mora (which is high, or\n\"stressed\"). This is how you should read them as single letters or multiple\nunrelated letters. As an acronym, the main drop in pitch happens on the last\nletter only, e.g. URL ユーアールエル【LHHHHHL】. (This is just the same as in English,\nwhere the last letter is stressed, so it is not something you need to try to\nremember separately.)", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T05:32:00.900", "id": "36679", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T10:27:34.737", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T10:27:34.737", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "36677", "post_type": "answer", "score": 24 }, { "body": "I agree with Earthliŋ for the most part. Though I have never heard of Japanese\nstudents being taught and official \"Katakana-ized\" version of the English\nalphabet. Generally they seem to be taught to imitate native pronunciation as\nclosely as possible.\n\nI use and hear the following variations regularly: \nDisclaimer: I live in Kansai.\n\n * A - エイ \n * D - ディー or デー (in musical contexts) or デイ (as an abbreviation for \"day\") \n * H - エイチ or エッチ (usually referring to intercourse) \n * J - ジェイ \n * K - ケイ \n * V - ブイ or ヴイ \n(This is a bit of a tricky one, for people who have \nlived overseas ヴイ seems to be used more)\n\nIf someone has trouble over the phone understanding ブイ, you might like to try\nsaying it a bit less staccato, like \"bwee\".\n\n * W - ダブルユー or ダブル (as in www.google.com - ダブル・ダブル・ダブル ドット)", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T06:15:20.323", "id": "36682", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T07:33:32.703", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-15T07:33:32.703", "last_editor_user_id": "7055", "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36677", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "Can すごく be used to describe a person or only an inanimate thing?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T07:06:14.330", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36684", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T05:27:08.077", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T05:27:08.077", "last_editor_user_id": "11104", "owner_user_id": "16121", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "すごく to describe a person?", "view_count": 409 }
[ { "body": "> すご **く** is only for adjectives and verbs\n\n * すごく **あつい** - really hot \n * すごく **つかれた** - really tired\n\n> すご **い** is only for nouns\n\n * すごい **人** - great/awesome/cool person\n * すごい **山** - great/awesome/cool mountain", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T07:13:02.393", "id": "36685", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T07:34:03.390", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-15T07:34:03.390", "last_editor_user_id": "7055", "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36684", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36689", "answer_count": 4, "body": "```\n\n 「……さすがにそれはちょっと、あまりオススメできないっていうか……」\n \n 優には悪いけど、恥ずかしい……。\n \n 俺があのベッドで寝るのも恥ずかしいし、自分の部屋にあるのも恥ずかしい……。\n \n ……というか根本的な問題として置けるのか、アレは。\n \n 「なんで? 私と寝るのイヤなの?」\n \n 「いや……そういうことは全くもってない**んだけど**……」\n \n 「じゃあ問題ない、いい生活にはいい睡眠が大事」\n \n```\n\nCan anyone help me understand what it means?\n\nIn dictionaries it says that the definition for this usage of けど is\n言い切りを避け、婉曲に表現する気持ちを表す but I don't understand what is being left unsaid.\n\nEdit : Unfortunately the suggested duplicate question doesn't answer my\nquestion. The answer there literally says the same as the definition I\nprovided. If that definition answered my question then I wouldn't have posted\nthis question. My question is more about what is left unsaid and the function\nof けど in this case. Is what's left unsaid something like \"けど いやなのはそのベッドで寝ること”\nor is it him expressing his confusion as to why she would think that he\nwouldn't want to sleep together.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T07:17:35.460", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36686", "last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T14:29:17.537", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-15T08:24:03.367", "last_editor_user_id": "16122", "owner_user_id": "16122", "post_type": "question", "score": 8, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "What does んだけど mean here?", "view_count": 5623 }
[ { "body": "You can think of the usage of んだけど here as something like, \"but it's just\nthat...\"\n\n> 「いや……そういうことは全く思っていない **んだけど** ……」\n\n\"No... That's not how I feel at all, **it's just that**...\" \n(Well, _you know_... that thing I don't want to talk about directly with you)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T08:11:09.250", "id": "36687", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T08:33:51.687", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-15T08:33:51.687", "last_editor_user_id": "7055", "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36686", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "This sentence can translate to:\n\n> いや……そういうことは全くもってないんだけど…… \n> No... I don't mean it, _but_...\n\nRegarding the grammatical function, the けど in question is basically the same\nas けど described in this question: [けど at the end of the\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2086/5010)\n\nWithout けど, the sentence would become 「そういうことは全くもってないよ」, which is almost equal\nto accepting the girl's proposal in this context (I don't know what her\nproposal is, but it seems to be something very embarrassing to the boy). So he\nhedged by adding けど. He weakened his statement by saying けど, and implied he\nstill wanted to refuse her proposal in some way or other.\n\nThis type of けど/が/ですが/だが happens all the time in Japanese, much more\nfrequently than in English. You don't usually have to fill \"the unsaid part\"\nbecause even the speaker himself is often unaware of what he wants to say\nafter けど. It's basically just the sign of hedging. It's not always possible to\nfill the \"unsaid part\" in one way, and we can only guess from the context.\nThat said, judging from the excerpt, my guess is that \"the unsaid part\" is\nsomething like 「やっぱり恥ずかしい」「それでもオススメできない」「置けるかどうかも分からない」.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T09:24:23.093", "id": "36689", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T09:24:23.093", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36686", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "Japanese use often \"〜ないんだけど...\" to response like this. When we say it, we are\nlooking for the good explication of our own feeling. In this case, maybe he\nhad his reason, but he don't want to tell it to her directly, because the\nreason was shameful for him or hurtful for her. So he hesitate about tell it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2018-09-28T13:31:24.703", "id": "61818", "last_activity_date": "2018-09-28T13:31:24.703", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "31404", "parent_id": "36686", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "I think this can help: <http://maggiesensei.com/2016/05/07/how-to-\nuse-%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-kedo-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-dakedo/>\n\n\"★You add のだ ( = noda) / んだ ( = nda) to emphasize your feeling or contrast\nmore.\n\nAlso the sentence with のだ ( = noda) / んだ ( = nda) sounds more explanatory.\n\nんだ ( = nda) is a casual contraction of のだ ( = noda)\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2019-01-23T14:29:17.537", "id": "65038", "last_activity_date": "2019-01-23T14:29:17.537", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "32677", "parent_id": "36686", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "What reading would be used for \"鮫\" if it's a last name or a first name?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T09:13:52.207", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36688", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T09:37:33.640", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16124", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "kanji", "readings", "names" ], "title": "Kanji reading of a name", "view_count": 159 }
[ { "body": "Well according to [here](http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~suzakihp/index40.html)\nthere are 2 households with the last name 鮫{さめ} in Japan. Perhaps you met one\nof them? :)\n\nHowever, if you change it to 鮫島{さめじま/さめしま} you can find many more households,\nlike this women's soccer player: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aya_Sameshima>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T09:37:33.640", "id": "36690", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-15T09:37:33.640", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1217", "parent_id": "36688", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36700", "answer_count": 1, "body": "The pronunciation of [三日]{みっか} and [六日]{むいか}, the 3rd and 6th days of the\nmonth, are very similar, as are [四日]{よっか} and [八日]{ようか}, the 4th and 8th days\nof the month. Is there any inherent significance to that? That is, was there\nhistorically any etymological process like infixing a glottal stop (or the\nhistorical predecessor of っ) or ablaut to derive the name of the 2n-th day of\nthe month from the n-th day? I'm thinking about something like the etymology\nof 'eleven' and 'twelve' in English, which came from longer words that were\napproximately 'one left' and 'two left'. I haven't run across any productive\nprocess for doubling numbers in other languages, though (especially small\nones); is this just a coincidence or convergent evolution?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-15T18:13:50.547", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36693", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-16T05:37:40.740", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7701", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "etymology" ], "title": "Connection between みっか/むいか and よっか/ようか", "view_count": 394 }
[ { "body": "Here is how people counted numbers up to ten in archaic Japanese:\n\n```\n\n number n-th day (modern Japanese)\n -------- --------------- -----------------\n ひとつ ひとひ/ついたち ついたち\n ふたつ ふつか ふつか\n みつ みか みっか\n よつ よか/ようか よっか\n いつつ いつか いつか\n むつ むゆか むいか\n ななつ なぬか なのか\n やつ やうか ようか\n ここのつ ここぬか ここのか\n とを とをか とおか\n \n```\n\nSo these day names except for 1日 were directly derived from `number + か`,\nalthough they underwent some sound changes. Notably, many vowels before か were\nturned to \"u\" (eg, fut **a** tsu → fut **u** ka, nan **a** tsu → nan **u** ka,\nkokon **o** tsu → kokon **u** ka). In addition, many やう sounds were later\nchanged to よう (eg きゃう(京) → きょう, やうやう(漸う) → ようよう), and that's probably why the\nsound of 8日 became even closer to that of 4日.\n\nUltimately, your question is about simple numbers. Are there any relationships\nbetween みつ (3) vs むつ (6), and よつ (4) vs やつ (8)? Actually, some people suspect\nthat they are etymologically related, because むつ can be considered as \"double\nみつ\", and やつ as \"double よつ\". According to [『和力:\n日本を象る』](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=1Kalz7-zvTAC&lpg=PT278&ots=4TufSrExGa&dq=%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%A4%E3%80%80%E3%82%80%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A4%20%E8%AA%9E%E6%BA%90%20%E5%80%8D&hl=ja&pg=PT278#v=onepage&q=%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%A4%E3%80%80%E3%82%80%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A4%20%E8%AA%9E%E6%BA%90%20%E5%80%8D&f=false):\n\n>\n> 「みっつ」と「むっつ」は語幹が「m」、「よっつ」と「やっつ」は「y」(略)とすると、語幹が同じ子音同士の意味する数値が、倍の関係になっている、という指摘である。つまり、「m」が三と六、「y」が四と八、「t」が五と十となり、それぞれが一:二の関係になっている\n\nThis seems to be only a hypothesis. These numbers have been used since long\nbefore Japanese people learned how to write characters. It must be very\ndifficult to make a definitive conclusion.\n\nFinally, please note that よっか and ようか sound very different to the ears of\nnative Japanese speaker today. Speech recognition software like _Siri_ is\noften bad at distinguishing these, but the chance of misunderstanding in\nhuman-to-human conversations is reasonably low.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T05:15:10.430", "id": "36700", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-16T05:37:40.740", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-16T05:37:40.740", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36693", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "In my textbook there is a clause that I don't really understand:\n\nなぜ占い好きと関係があるというと、、、\n\nSo my understanding takes me this far:\n\n * It's a question asking why 占い好き something\n * It's asking why something about relationship(s) - or why relationships to 占い好き exist?\n\nMy problem here is: 関係 means relationship right, so I would expect to see at\nleast **two** things references: ie why is there a relationship between 占い好き\nAND X? ...but here there is no X. To me the question just seems to be: why is\nthere a relationship between 占い好き ... huh?\n\nAny comments much appreciated!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T01:14:23.910", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36697", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-16T10:00:33.463", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16132", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "syntax", "expressions", "questions" ], "title": "How can 関係 be used when there is only one subject?", "view_count": 118 }
[ { "body": "I think the sentence is about to explain how \"IT\" is correlated with 占い好き. And\n\"IT\" must be something in the previous sentences or paragraph. It is common to\nomit pronoun in some cases. The full sentence may be:\n\nなぜこれが占い好きと関係があるというと、、、", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T01:35:10.667", "id": "36698", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-16T01:35:10.667", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16129", "parent_id": "36697", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "You are right. Using two nouns or phrases are expected when you refer to any\nrelationship as follows.\n\n[鶏]{にわとり}と[卵]{たまご}の[関係]{かんけい} The relationship between chicken and egg.\n\nAとBの関係 or AとBは関係がある are broadly used. However, it doesn't necessarily mean you\nhave to always use two nouns as either of them could be omitted or implied.\n\nIt is quite common to drop a pronoun or subject in Japanese and without\nreading further context, it is not possible to know what is referred to in\nrelation to '占い好き'.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T08:20:14.010", "id": "36701", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-16T10:00:33.463", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-16T10:00:33.463", "last_editor_user_id": "12271", "owner_user_id": "12259", "parent_id": "36697", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 3, "body": "So this sentence appeared in my grammar book:\n\n> パーティーの__地震が起こり、会場は大騒ぎになった。\n\nIt says the correct thing to write in the blank space is 最中に. Which would\nroughly translate the sentence to \"Just as the party was going on, an\nearthquake occurred, and the venue changed into an uproar\".\n\nWhile I understand why 最中に is a correct answer, I don´t quite understand why\nうちに can't also be used. I thought that besides using うちに like の前に, it could be\nalso be used as 間に。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T10:55:19.307", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36702", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-03T01:20:10.797", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-03T01:20:10.797", "last_editor_user_id": "19278", "owner_user_id": "13771", "post_type": "question", "score": 8, "tags": [ "grammar", "word-choice", "time" ], "title": "最中に and うちに differences", "view_count": 3528 }
[ { "body": "うち is a noun which usually means '(inside) your own house', '(inside) your\nmind' and your family. It is not used to indicate 'in the middle of something\nsuch as パーティー.\n\n'うちに' is used to indicate a period of time within which an action continuously\noccurs. It is close to 'while', but the most important thing to remember is it\nis not used when a single event occurs.\n\nI think you are thinking about 途中 which means 'in the middle of' as in\n\n> パーティーの **途中** 地震が起こり、会場は大騒ぎになった。\n\nIt translates to\n\n> (Literally) In the middle of the party... While the party was going on...\n\n'最中に' is different from 途中 as '最' literally means 'most' which is used to\nchange the following character or word to _superlative_ and '中' means\n'middle'. It literally translates to 'in the height of' or 'in the most middle\nof'. Your example sentence translates to\n\n> (Literally) In the height of the party... When the party was reaching the\n> best moment... When the party was reaching the climax\n\nIt is important to understand what the character '最' means and what difference\nthis character makes.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T11:35:59.443", "id": "36703", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-16T13:27:18.197", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-16T13:27:18.197", "last_editor_user_id": "12259", "owner_user_id": "12259", "parent_id": "36702", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "> 「パーティーの______[地震]{じしん}が[起]{お}こり、[会場]{かいじょう}は[大騒]{おおさわ}ぎになった。」\n>\n> \"An earthquake hit right in the middle of the party and the place just\n> panicked.\"\n\nWhile 「[最中]{さいちゅう}に」 may not be the only phrase that can correctly fill in the\nblank, it is a far better choice than 「うちに」. In fact, using 「うちに」 there would\nbe highly inapproproate. Why?\n\nWhen we say 「noun + の + うちに」, the duration of what that noun represents must\nbe fairly long. It needs to last at least several days and it can last a few\nyears as well. You might say:\n\n> 「[夏休]{なつやす}みの **うちに** 『ハムレット』を[読]{よ}むつもりです。」\n\nIt is fine to say that because the summer recess lasts 6 weeks.\n\nOr you can place a whole mini-sentence in front of 「うちに」 to say something\nlike:\n\n> 「[日本]{にほん}に[住]{す}んでいる **うちに** 、ぜひ[韓国]{かんこく}にも[行]{い}ってみたい。」\n\nThe speaker will be living in Japan for a year, so he can say this using\n「うちに」.\n\nTo go back to the original sentence, we need to think about **how long this\nparty lasts**. A few hours at the most, right? And how long does an earthquake\nlast? A couple of minutes at the most, normally, yes? If so, that is your\nprime opportunity to use 「 **最中に** 」-- _**something quick happening right in\nthe middle of a not-so-long-lasting event**_.\n\nRegarding 「[間]{あいだ}に」 that you mentioned, it may not be totally incorrect to\nuse it here, but it does not sound nearly as natural as when using 「最中に」. I\nwill admit that some native speakers might actually use 「間に」 here, but to me\nat least, it would lack the \"capture the moment\" kind of impact that 「最中に」\ngives you.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T00:48:21.023", "id": "36712", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T00:48:21.023", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36702", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "There are two reasons.\n\n * Unlike ~の間に, it seems that ~のうちに cannot be directly used with nouns that denote an event. (As long as it's used with the noun that denotes a time span, it can be very short)\n\n> * 今年のうちに/今日のうちに/7月のうちに/夏のうちに\n> * 朝のうちに/午前のうちに/日中のうちに\n> * 夏休みのうちに/オリンピックの開催期間のうちに\n> * 小学生のうちに/子供のうちに\n> * 一瞬のうちに\n> * [*]番組のうちに/[*]コンサートのうちに/[*]オリンピックのうちに\n\nYour sentence should at least be パーティーが終わらないうちに or パーティーをやっているうちに.\n\n * Unlike ~の間に, うちに has the nuance of \"no later than ~ ends\" rather than \"in the midst of\". In other words, when one says うちに, there is usually a \"deadline\" in his mind. But such nuance is not necessary in this case.\n\n> * 子供のうちに勉強をしておきましょう。\n> * 鉄は熱いうちに打て。 Strike while the iron is hot.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T00:50:40.840", "id": "36741", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T00:50:40.840", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36702", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36707", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Of the various ways to express the word \"and\" in Japanese, I don't understand\nhow you would express the following.\n\nFor example, how would you translate the sentence, \"I play music, and/but I\nalso write music.\" From my understanding, you wouldn't use a て-form\nconstruction here because the two are not happening in sequence necessarily,\nand you can't use も because the nouns are the same, correct? As another\nexample, perhaps in response to the question \"What are you hobbies?\", one\nmight respond with \"I play music, and I also climb mountains.\"\n\nAlso, would the grammatical structure change if instead of \"I play music, and\nI also write music,\" you said \"I play music. Oh, but I also write music!\" sort\nof as an added-on part?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T16:02:17.463", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36706", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T17:21:00.487", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10795", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "conjunctions" ], "title": "How to express \"and/also\" in this context?", "view_count": 9427 }
[ { "body": "The word \"and\" is usually translated as \"そして\" but it is literary and \"し\" and\n\"と\" are more used than it. The word \"also\" is translated as \"も\".\n\n\"I play music, and I also write music.\" is translated as \"私は音楽を演奏するし、作曲もする\".\nAs you said, て with this sentence may be unnatural but も can be used because\nthe words \"play music\" and \"write music\" are different in meaning.\n\nThe response for \"What are your hobbies\" is \"My hobbies are to play music and\nto climb mountains,\" and it is translated \"私の趣味は、音楽を演奏することと山に登ること\".\n\n\"I play music. Oh, but I also write music!\" is translated as\n\"私は音楽を演奏する。しかし、作曲もする.\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T17:04:12.163", "id": "36707", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T17:21:00.487", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T17:21:00.487", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "36706", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36710", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm reading a manga in Japanese and need help with this, because I can't\nunderstand what it really means. Thanks!\n\n\"おうおういっちょ前におったてて\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T17:59:46.083", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36709", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-16T22:46:30.963", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-16T18:15:54.680", "last_editor_user_id": "542", "owner_user_id": "16138", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "meaning", "phrases" ], "title": "Help with おうおういっちょ前におったてて because I can't understand!", "view_count": 228 }
[ { "body": "> 「おうおういっちょ[前]{まえ}におったてて。」\n\n=\n\n> 「おうおう、[一丁前]{いっちょうまえ}におっ[立]{た}てて。」\n\n「いっちょ前」 is how we colloquially pronounce 「一丁前」, which means the same thing as\n「[一人前]{いちにんまえ}」 = \" ** _a full-fledged man_** \", \" ** _an adult_** \", etc.\n\n「おっ」 is a slangy verb prefix that emphasizes the meaning of that verb.\n\n「立てる」 here means \" ** _to get or keep an erection_** \".\n\nPut it all together, you will have:\n\n> \"OMG, you've got a good hard-on like a grown man!\"\n\nOther verbs we often use with this prefix include:\n\nおっぱじまる、おっぴらく、おっぴろげる、おったまげる, etc.\n\nNotice the [rendaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku) ( ** _'h' ⇒ 'p'_**\n) in the first three above. You **_must_** use the 'p' sound for those.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T22:31:46.023", "id": "36710", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-16T22:46:30.963", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-16T22:46:30.963", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36709", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36713", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> 技術の革新が環境に与える悪影響についても **解決していかねばならない** \n> Simultaneously with the innovation of technology concerning negative\n> influence ...\n\nCan you explain the grammar behind 解決していかねばならない? I know it has a connection\nwith かねる but why -ば and ならない at the end?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-16T23:57:34.237", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36711", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T01:06:38.360", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T00:01:42.097", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15896", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Why ば and ならない in 解決していかねばならない?", "view_count": 595 }
[ { "body": "「~ねばならない」 means \"must\", \"have to\".\n\n* * *\n\n「解決していかねばならない」 consists of:\n\n解決して -- te-form of 解決する (or, noun 解決 + verb する + particle て) \nいか -- 未然形 (imperfective form) of the subsidiary verb いく(行く) \nね -- 仮定形 (hypothetical form) of the negative auxiliary ぬ \nば -- conjunctive particle ば \nなら -- 未然形 of なる \nない -- negative auxiliary\n\nSo ~ねばならない literally means \"doesn't work if... not\", but I think you should\njust learn it as a set phrase, together with its variants: ~なければならない,\n~なければいけない, ~なくてはいけない, ~なくてはならない, ~ないといけない, ~ねばならぬ, etc.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T00:51:44.273", "id": "36713", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T01:06:38.360", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T01:06:38.360", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "36711", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36739", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I've read a lot of mangas and I've noticed the use of **がいい** after a verb\ne.g.\n\n見る{みる}がいい。\n\n諦めた{あきらめた}ほうがいい。\n\nDoes it work as an adverb?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T01:50:01.493", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36714", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T05:21:10.780", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T05:21:10.780", "last_editor_user_id": "11104", "owner_user_id": "16147", "post_type": "question", "score": 10, "tags": [ "verbs", "imperatives", "role-language", "連体形" ], "title": "The meaning of ~がいい", "view_count": 5261 }
[ { "body": "見るがいい。means \"Why don't you take a look at it?\"\n\n見たほうがいい。means \"You'd better take a look at it.\"\n\n諦めるがいい。means \"Just give up on it.\"\n\n諦めたほうがいい。 means \"You'd better give up on it.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T10:29:47.207", "id": "36727", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T10:29:47.207", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15967", "parent_id": "36714", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "No, 見る and 諦めた方 are grammatically _subjects_ , not _adverbs_ in those\nsentences. Words marked with が should be nouns, of course.\n\nAs you know, `noun + がいい` (lit. \"~ is good\", with exhaustive-listing _ga_ ) is\nusually used when you choose one thing from a few possible options.\n\n> 「ラーメンとカレー、どっちがいい?」「ラーメンがいい。」\n\nIf you want to use this with two or more possible actions (verbs), you\nnormally need a **nominalizer** , which can turn verbs into nouns:\n\n> 「寝る **の** と遊びに行く **の** 、どっちがいい?」「寝る **の** がいい。」\n\nAlternatively, you can use 方【ほう】, which is a **noun**. ほう literally means\nsomething like \"side\", but it has many usages, including comparing two or more\noptions. See: [What is 方 used for (when attached to a\nた-verb)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6525/5010) and [This usage of 方\nconfuses me](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15321/5010)\n\n> * 本を書く **ほう** がいい。 I like writing books (rather than doing something\n> else). / You should write a book about it.\n> * ラーメン **のほう** がいい。 (≒ラーメンがいい)\n>\n\n* * *\n\nWhat I've explained so far is about modern, standard Japanese grammar.\nHowever, `dictionary-form + がいい` existed in classic Japanese, and is still in\nuse in some rare cases. This is one way of giving an order. (To be precise,\nthis verb form is\n[連体形](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive_verb#Japanese), which was\nslightly different from the dictionary form in classic Japanese) See:\n[<動詞の辞書形> + がよい ― How is this\nallowed?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6714/5010)\n\n> * 見るがいい! (≒\"Behold!\")\n> * 諦めるがいい!\n>\n\nNote that this is a very pompous way of speaking, and no one speak like this\nin real life. In manga, you would typically see this used by a noble princess,\nold man, etc.\n\nThe negative counterpart is perhaps `dictionary-form + でない`. See: [何も言うでない !\nmeaning and origin](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33807/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T23:41:40.117", "id": "36739", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T23:41:40.117", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36714", "post_type": "answer", "score": 16 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36738", "answer_count": 1, "body": "This is in the beginning of the Oregairu manga (it's on the 10th page of\nvolume 1, which is in the free sample on\n[ebookjapan](http://www.ebookjapan.jp/ebj/175031/volume1/)):\n\n> 近頃の高校生は **らいたい** こんな感じじゃないでしゅか\n\nWhat does らいたい mean here? I would also be interested in how I could have found\nthe answer on the internet, since I couldn't find anything useful via various\nsearches on google and jisho.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T02:39:23.843", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36716", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T05:26:30.883", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T05:26:30.883", "last_editor_user_id": "11104", "owner_user_id": "16148", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning", "manga" ], "title": "What does らいたい mean here?", "view_count": 324 }
[ { "body": "Did you notice the same guy said\n噛み[まくった](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1397/5010) in the next frame?\nHere 噛む is a slangy expression meaning \"to falter\" (see the [fifth definition\nin jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%99%9B%E3%82%80)).\n\nThe original sentence is: **だ** いたいこんな感じじゃないで **す** か.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T22:08:43.010", "id": "36738", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T22:08:43.010", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36716", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36723", "answer_count": 1, "body": "If I want to say \"Tanaka, who is a doctor, drinks cola\". Is \"Isha da Tanaka wa\nkoora o nomu\" the correct saying or not?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T06:35:33.150", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36718", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T08:44:09.827", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15891", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "syntax" ], "title": "How to modify nouns which are present affirmative?", "view_count": 66 }
[ { "body": "It depends on what you're saying, but for something following this pattern,\nyou would use の, e.g. 医者{いしゃ}の田中{たなか}はコーラを飲{の}む.\n\nYou could also use である, which would make for a more \"direct\" translation:\n\"医者{いしゃ}である田中{たなか}はコーラを飲{の}む.\" だ can never be used in the attributive position\nsince it is only a copula; you must use である instead. Additionally, and this\nmay be subjective, but I feel that using である puts more emphasis on the\nattributive phrase or clause, and the rest of the sentence is something that\ndepends on it--for example, \"Tanaka, being a doctor, drinks cola.\" This\nimplies that his being a doctor is important to the fact that he is drinking\ncola, which is not true in this case. In other words, you can't really use it\nfor things that you're \"just mentioning\" or have no relation to the rest of\nyour statement (at least, that's how I see it).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T08:44:09.827", "id": "36723", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T08:44:09.827", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9596", "parent_id": "36718", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36728", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I want to say the following:\n\n> We are now living in the era of smartphone in which uneducated lazy people\n> look (as if they are) busy and important.\n\nAnd my attempt is as follows:\n\n> 無教育な怠け者がまるで忙しくて重要ように見えるというスマートホンの時代に、我々は今住んでいる。\n\n# Questions\n\n * Among 重要, 大切, 大事 which is the most relevant to mean \"important people\"?\n\n * Has という been used correctly here?\n\n * In my Japanese translation above, it seems there are 2 adverb of time which is 時代 and 今. However, the English translation, 今 is modified by 時代. Therefore, how to make ~時代 the modifier of 今? How about the following?\n\n> 無教育な怠け者がまるで忙しくて重要ように見えるというスマートホンの時代である今、我々は住んでいる。", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T07:02:53.023", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36719", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T10:49:23.273", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T07:14:43.650", "last_editor_user_id": "11192", "owner_user_id": "11192", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "word-choice", "meaning" ], "title": "We are now living in the era of smartphone in which uneducated lazy people look busy and important, how to say it in Japanese?", "view_count": 199 }
[ { "body": "Your attempts look pretty good.\n\nAmong the few questionable parts, though, the most important would be your\nverb choice of 「 **住んでいる** 」. Native speakers' choice would definitely be 「\n**生きている** 」. To live in a certain age/era is 「生きる」. This mistake is actually\nkind of common among J-learners because in English, both are \"to live\".\n\nThe other \"mistakes\" are fairly minor compared with that verb choice.\n\n> \"Among 重要, 大切, 大事 which is the most relevant to mean \"important people\"?\"\n\nMost definitely, 「重要」. It is just about the only choice out of the three.\n\nOne cannot, however, say 「重要ように」; One must say「重要 **な** ように」 or 「重要であるかのように」.\n\n> \"Has という been used correctly here?\"\n\nYes, it has (and I was impressed by it).\n\n> \"In my Japanese translation above, it seems there are 2 adverb of time which\n> is 時代 and 今. However, the English translation, 今 is modified by 時代.\n> Therefore, how to make ~時代 the modifier of 今? How about the following?\"\n\nEasy. Use 「今の時代に」、「この時代に」 or 「今この時代に」. All are almost equally good. You could\nalso use 「[現代]{げんだい}に」 instead.\n\nYour phrase 「スマートホンの時代である今」 is actually correct and even natural by the native\nstandard. Other choices would include:\n\n「このスマホの時代に」、「今、このスマホの時代に」、「スマホ[全盛]{ぜんせい}の現代に」, etc. (I myself like the last\none, but you are the author.)\n\nOther minor points I want to mention:\n\n「忙しくて」 sounds conversational. I would drop the 「て」 if I were you. To make it\nsound even more formal or academic, you might consider using 「[多忙]{たぼう}で」.\n\n「見える」 can be left as is, but 「見えてしまう」 and 「見えがちである」 might be a little better\nword choices.\n\nFinally, I would suggest that you use one more comma as the sentence is fairly\nlong.\n\nAn example that uses as much as what you used would be:\n\n> 「無教育な怠け者が、まるで多忙で重要であるかのように見えてしまうという、スマートフォン全盛の現代に我々は生きている。」\n\nOne cannot use 「今」 together with 「現代」, so I dropped it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T10:30:30.697", "id": "36728", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T10:49:23.273", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T10:49:23.273", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36719", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36736", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Are there Japanese terms for logical fallacies, or are the English phrases\nused when they are discussed? If you're wondering what I mean by \"logical\nfallacies,\" I mean anything on [this\nlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies), courtesy of Wikipedia.\nHow would we discuss things like \"begging the question\" or a \"straw man\"\nfallacy? Japan might not have the history of philosophy that Europe does, but\nat least things at this level you could encounter in everyday speech--how\nwould I point it out to someone in Japanese?\n\nEDIT: Since my original question was somewhat ambiguous, I'll clarify: I'm\nlooking for terms for the individual fallacies themselves, not the term one\nwould use to describe the category. For example, I looked it up, and there is\na specific term for \"confirmation bias\" (確証{かくしょう}バイアス), but I was unable to\nfind many others I searched for, such as \"onus probandi/burden of proof,\" or\n\"post hoc (ergo propter hoc).\" What I want to know is if there are any\naccepted words in Japanese that correspond, even loosely, to these fallacies,\nand if not, how they could be otherwise represented.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T07:18:51.643", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36720", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T21:53:30.673", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T08:33:46.727", "last_editor_user_id": "9596", "owner_user_id": "9596", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation" ], "title": "Japanese Names for Logical Fallacies?", "view_count": 556 }
[ { "body": "Probably there is no established set of sophisticated words you can safely use\nin Japanese. Most of the words listed in\n[誤謬](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%A4%E8%AC%AC) and\n[詭弁](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%AD%E5%BC%81) are totally unfamiliar\nto me. Actually, I think I have visited these pages a few times before, but\nthey didn't seem to be worth memorizing to me because no one use them in real\nlife :D\n\nAs an exception, to refer to \"straw man\", its direct translations,\n[藁人形論法/ストローマン](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3),\nare relatively well-known among people who like debates. Still, I would say\nyou should avoid using this nearly all the time in real discussions.\n\nSome concepts may be explained using easier words. When you want to say straw\nman, you can probably say \"論点のすり替え\" (although this may have broader sense than\nstraw man) or \"言ってもいないことをさも言ったかのように言う\".\n\nAnd 確証バイアス, 選択バイアス, 交絡バイアス, etc. are words commonly known to researchers of\nnatural science who need to know statistical analysis. These are explained in\ntextbooks of statistics.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T21:53:30.673", "id": "36736", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T21:53:30.673", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36720", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36734", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> 晩ご飯を食べなかったボブは、映画で見た銀行に行った。 \n> Bangohan o tabenakatta bobu wa, eiga de mita ginkou ni itta.\n\nThis means \"Bob, who didn't eat dinner, went to the bank HE saw at the movie.\"\nWhat if I want to say \"Bob, who didn't eat dinner, went to the bank I saw at\nthe movie.\" What do I need to change/add?\n\nAnd why it doesn't mean \"...the bank that saw at the movie\" being a subject\nbut an object instead in that clause?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T07:37:48.247", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36721", "last_activity_date": "2020-08-04T02:29:11.330", "last_edit_date": "2020-08-04T02:29:11.330", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "15891", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "syntax", "relative-clauses", "ambiguous-relative-clauses" ], "title": "Modifying nouns (how to know if a modified noun is the object or the subject?)", "view_count": 701 }
[ { "body": "As for the first question, you can simply explicitly indicate the subject in\nyour second relative clause.\n\n> 晩ご飯を食べなかったボブは、 **私が** 映画で見た銀行に行った。 \n> Bangohan o tabenakatta bobu wa, **watashi ga** eiga de mita ginko ni itta.\n\n* * *\n\nAs for the second question, how a relative clause modifies the following noun\ndepends on what is said or unsaid in the relative clause. Let's start from\nthis simple sentence:\n\n> 私は映画で銀行を見た。 \n> Watashi wa eiga de ginko wo mita. \n> _I saw a bank in the movie._\n\nYou can make three noun phrases from this:\n\n * 映画で銀行を見た **人** \neiga de ginko wo mita hito \n_the **person** who saw a bank in the movie_\n\n * 私が映画で見た **もの** \nwatashi ga eiga de mita mono \n_the **thing** which I saw in the movie_\n\n * 私が銀行を見た **映画** \nwatashi ga ginko wo mita eiga \n_the **movie** where I saw a bank_\n\nAs you can see, there is no word that corresponds to English relative pronouns\n(eg \"which\", \"who\", \"where\", \"that\") which can indicate the grammatical role\nof the relative clause. This means this phrase can be _theoretically_\nambiguous:\n\n * 銀行を見た映画 \n 1. _the movie where [I/he/etc] saw a bank_\n 2. _the movie that saw a bank (?)_\n\nIn most cases this is not a problem, because everyone knows a movie is an\ninanimate object can't see something. However, you can still make an ambiguous\nphrase which can be interpreted in two ways if there is no context:\n\n * 本を貸した人 \nhon o kashita hito\n\n 1. _the person who lent a book (to someone)_ (i.e., the giver)\n 2. _the person to whom [I/he/etc] lent a book_ (i.e., the recipient)\n * 私が好きな猫 \nwatashi ga suki na neko\n\n 1. _the cat who likes me_\n 2. _the cat I like_\n\nRelated questions:\n\n * [Ambiguity in meaning of sentences with a noun qualifed by an adjective with が particle](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23644/5010)\n * [が in subordinate clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30171/5010)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T20:39:34.230", "id": "36734", "last_activity_date": "2020-05-14T00:23:00.927", "last_edit_date": "2020-05-14T00:23:00.927", "last_editor_user_id": "27987", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36721", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36725", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm reading a manga and a man (Shusuke) and woman (Nozomi) are having a\nconversation. It starts out with them talking about congratulating a mutual\nfriend (Sawada) on getting a job when Shusuke says:\n\n(1)\n\n> あーあいつのぞみちゃん狙いだからな\n\nI believe it says \"Ah— That guy (Sawada) is aiming for you, Nozomi-chan.\"\nSince there are no particles, I'm just guessing.\n\nNozomi responds by saying Sawada told her she can make a reservation to the\nrestaurant any time she wants and then says:\n\n(2)\n\n> なんだったかな? **ル** の **つく** お店\n\nWhich I've translated to \"I wonder...\" but I don't understand the rest of the\nsentence because I don't know what **ル** means which, in turn, causes me to\nnot know what **つく** means. I'm guessing **つく** is a verb because when I look\nit up on jisho.org, only verbs come up. Jisho.org doesn't turn anything up for\n**ル/る** either.\n\nSo, I guess I actually have 2 questions, but I didn't want to separate them\nbecause they flow together for contextual reasons.\n\n 1. How to translate the first sentence since there are no particles\n\n 2. What does **ルのつく** mean", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T08:36:06.647", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36722", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T09:48:32.990", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11234", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "meaning", "manga" ], "title": "How to translate a sentence that has no particles", "view_count": 298 }
[ { "body": "> 「あー、あいつのぞみちゃん[狙]{ねら}いだからな。」\n\n=\n\n> 「あー、あいつ **は** のぞみちゃん狙いだからな。」\n\nThis sentence means exactly what you guessed it did.\n\nNote that there is no particle \"omitted\" between 「のぞみちゃん」 and 「狙い」.\n「~~狙い」(\"aiming at ~~\") is a very common phrase and it can be treated as one\nword as far as grammar.\n\nRegarding 「ルのつくお[店]{みせ}」, it means \" ** _the shop/eatery whose name starts\nwith 「ル」_** \". 「つく」 is indeed a verb and it is written 「付く」 in kanji. = \" **\n_to be attached_** \", literally. Here, it means \" ** _to be included (in the\nspelling), particularly as the first kana_** \".\n\n「ルのつくお店」 is, of course, a relative clause in which 「の」 means 「が」. There has\nbeen a question about this 「の」 recently.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T09:48:32.990", "id": "36725", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T09:48:32.990", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36722", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36726", "answer_count": 2, "body": "When do I have to use naru hodo, and when do I have to use wakarimashita? As\nfar as I know, they both mean something like \"I understand\" or \"I understood\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T09:47:17.227", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36724", "last_activity_date": "2019-10-04T23:46:23.647", "last_edit_date": "2019-10-04T23:46:23.647", "last_editor_user_id": "9878", "owner_user_id": "9878", "post_type": "question", "score": 14, "tags": [ "usage", "word-usage" ], "title": "when do I have to use naru hodo, and when do I have to use wakarimashita?", "view_count": 46818 }
[ { "body": "Both \"naru hodo\" and \"wakarimashita\" mean \"I understand,\" but there is a\ndifference in the usages and nuances between those two words.\n\n\"Naru hodo\" means \"That makes sense to me.\" and includes the feeling of\nadmiration such as \"Wow\" or \"Oh\".\n\n> A: \"Why is this jacket so expensive?\"\n>\n> B: \"Because it is handmade and moreover it is '60 vintage.\"\n>\n> A: \"Naru hodo!\"\n\nOn the other hand, \"wakarimashita\" means just \"I got it.\" or \"Will do.\" You\ncan use this phrase when you are asked to do something from your boss.\n\n> A: \"Could you make two copies of this document ?\"\n>\n> B: \"Wakarimashita.\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T10:21:55.873", "id": "36726", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T14:39:37.053", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "15967", "parent_id": "36724", "post_type": "answer", "score": 15 }, { "body": "I like to think that Naruhodo is more like \"Oh, I see!\" \nYou say it when you have just understood something that you did't understand\nuntil this moment.\n\nWakarimashita is simply \"Ok\" or \"Understood\". You say it when someone asks you\nto do some task, or when someone is explaining you something in a more formal\nsituation.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T18:37:42.147", "id": "36733", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T18:37:42.147", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16152", "parent_id": "36724", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36730", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mbIOZ.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mbIOZ.png)\n\nThe context:The person who are saying these have been attacked and while he\nwas running away got injured.Madoka finds him and she is trying to help him.\n\nMy question is:What's the function of と言う here?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T13:51:12.447", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36729", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T14:05:49.870", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16028", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation" ], "title": "Function of と言う", "view_count": 125 }
[ { "body": "As explained by istrasci\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12755/what-is-the-\ndifference-between-using-%E3%82%92-and-%E3%81%A8-with-the-\nverb-%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86), in this case と is a quotation marker (the use of\nbrackets also hints at that). So it literally means:\n\n> Say \"run away without me\".\n\nLook closer, not all these options are about saying something. The third\noption is a different kind of action. So the brackets and と言う are used to make\nit clear what is a phrase and what isn't.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T14:05:49.870", "id": "36730", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T14:05:49.870", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "12271", "parent_id": "36729", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36735", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I saw it used recently but don't remember the line. It was being used toward a\ngroup of subordinates, as 小奴ら. I can't find the word in any dictionary or\nbeing explained online. What is the meaning and reading of 小奴?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T16:31:04.043", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36731", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T23:51:22.027", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T23:51:22.027", "last_editor_user_id": "4187", "owner_user_id": "4187", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "What is the meaning and reading of 小奴?", "view_count": 337 }
[ { "body": "I think that is こやつら (koyatsura), which I would translate as something like\n\"These f****** bastards\".\n\n奴 is a derogatory way to say \"he/she\". Something like \"This man\".\n\nPutting the 小 before 奴 makes it worse, and shows more anger and disrespect for\nthe subject.\n\nら is just to make it plural.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T17:49:51.030", "id": "36732", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T17:55:20.113", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T17:55:20.113", "last_editor_user_id": "16152", "owner_user_id": "16152", "parent_id": "36731", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "こやつ is usually written in hiragana. But in kanji, it's **此奴** , not 子奴 nor 小奴.\nYou can find this word [in\njisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%AD%A4%E5%A5%B4),\n[デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/82436/meaning/m0u/),\n[Wiktionary](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%93%E3%82%84%E3%81%A4), and\nany other decent dictionary.\n\nこやつ is a dated word used in place of こいつ. It often has a derogatory or\naccusatory nuance. Today, we mainly see こやつ in samurai dramas, historical\nnovels and such. If you heard this used referring to someone's subordinates,\nprobably it was for showing his humbleness to someone else (ie, introducing\nA's subordinates to A's boss).\n\nBy the way, according to [this\npage](http://cjjc.weblio.jp/content/%E5%B0%8F%E5%A5%B4), 小奴(こやっこ)seems to\nrefer to \"infant\" or a certain type of servant in the Edo period. It's a very\nrare word, and I'm not familiar with this.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T20:57:59.770", "id": "36735", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-17T22:34:58.773", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-17T22:34:58.773", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36731", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "So instead of pronounce, 'la le li lo lu', I pronounce it normally, which is,\n'ra re ri ro ru'. Could the Japanese tell the difference?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-17T22:05:10.123", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36737", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T00:42:10.267", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16155", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "words", "word-requests" ], "title": "Is it okay if we pronounce a word with an 'r' sound in English 'R' instead of the Japanese 'R', which is somewhere in between 'L' and 'R'?", "view_count": 1347 }
[ { "body": "If you simply cannot produce the Japanese sound, it'll work. I know someone\nwho always used the English R, and it didn't sound as strange to my Japanese\nfriends as it did to be as an American. R, L, and the Japanese consonant all\nsound similar to Japanese people, but not to me.\n\nBut, even if it sounds alright, you'll ultimately have a harder time speaking.\nYour mouth is in a completely different position, and R doesn't link vowels\nquite as distinctly as the actual Japanese consonant. You'll end up feeling\nlike everything is a tongue-twister, and might accidentally substitute W for\nR, which will make your speech incomprehensible.\n\nIf you have to make a substitute, I think L is much closer. But I really\nadvise practicing the Japanese sound.\n\nFor L, you just press your tongue against the roof of your mouth and hold it\nthere. For Japanese らりるれろ, you flick your tongue a little bit behind that\npoint, and don't relax your tongue quite as much.\n\nYou can practice by saying words like \"butter\" with a mock-English accent\n(butter->budda->badda->バラ). It sounds cheesy, but that's what did the trick\nfor me seven years ago!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T00:42:10.267", "id": "36740", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T00:42:10.267", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15798", "parent_id": "36737", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36751", "answer_count": 1, "body": "According to the book I am reading now, a relative clause ending with noun\nmust be followed by の. But sometimes I also find a relative clause ending with\nnoun that is followed by である.\n\nConsider the following examples:\n\n> A: 両親が日本人 **の** 学生はクラスの20%をしめている。\n>\n> B: 両親が日本人 **である** 学生はクラスの20%をしめている。\n\nLiterally it means\n\n> The students whose parents are Japanese constitute 20% of the students in\n> the class.\n\n# Questions\n\n * When do we have to use の and である for a relative clause ending with a noun?\n\n * Is there any difference in nuance?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T02:37:31.063", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36743", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T14:40:50.680", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "11192", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "grammar", "relative-clauses" ], "title": "Relative clause ending with a noun should be followed by の or である? What is the difference?", "view_count": 257 }
[ { "body": "> When do we have to use の and である for a relative clause ending with a noun?\n\nThe general tendency, if not the absolute rule, is that it would sound less\nformal and more conversational if you used 「の」.\n\n(Grammatically speaking, this 「の」 is **_appositional_**.)\n\n「である」 would make the sentence sound more formal and/or academic. In any kind\nof formal speech or writing, you would use 「である」 in that example sentence.\n\n> Is there any difference in nuance?\n\nThe only difference in nuance is the level of formality as discussed above.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T09:57:53.463", "id": "36751", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T14:40:50.680", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T14:40:50.680", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36743", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36745", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Here is the sentence including the word. It is said by an old man who is\ncooking some food and planning to give it to a younger person who is in jail.\n\n> ようし わしゃあ **やったる** ぜ\n\nI am not sure if it is a shorten form of 「やってやる」which means \"Doing something\nfor someone who is below than the speaker\"\n\nIs it still used nowadays in Kantou area?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T04:12:25.233", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36744", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-27T01:55:27.357", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-27T01:55:27.357", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9559", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "manga", "dialects", "contractions", "subsidiary-verbs" ], "title": "What does the word 「やったる」 mean?", "view_count": 501 }
[ { "body": "Yes, it's short for やってやる. Please see [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010) for the list of\nsimilar contractions. I think this contraction is common throughout Japan\nregardless of generation (but it sounds relatively masculine)\n\nAnd `te-form + やる` means not only \"to do something for someone\" but also \"dare\nto do something\", \"to do something proactively with an active effort\", \"to do\nsomething and show off (the result / one's power)\" etc. See: [what does てやる\nmean when it is not used for\ngiving?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14413/5010)\n\nThe sentence probably just means \"I'll do that\" (without \"for someone\").", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T04:26:18.057", "id": "36745", "last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T09:11:07.653", "last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T09:11:07.653", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36744", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36752", "answer_count": 1, "body": "For the sake of simplicity, assume that there are 60 women and 40 men in my\nclass.\n\nI want to say the following statements. Are they correct?\n\n 1. The ratio of men to women is 2 to 3.\n\nクラスの女性に対する男性の割合は2対3だ。(Type A)\n\n 2. The ratio of men to women is 2 to 3.\n\nクラスの男性の女性に対する割合は2対3だ。(Type B)\n\n 3. Women is 3/2 of men.\n\n女性の割合は男性の割合の2分の3だ。\n\n 4. Women is 60% of the class.\n\n女性はクラスの60%だ。(Type C)\n\n 5. Women is 60% of the class.\n\n女性の割合はクラスの60%だ。(Type D)\n\n 6. Women is 60% of the class.\n\n女性は6割だ。(Type E)\n\n 7. Women is 60% of the class.\n\n女性の割合は6割だ。(Type F)\n\nAny other possible proportions are also welcome.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T05:13:47.823", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36746", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T13:54:24.637", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T05:25:08.410", "last_editor_user_id": "11192", "owner_user_id": "11192", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "grammar", "word-usage" ], "title": "How to represent percentage and ratio in Japanese?", "view_count": 2553 }
[ { "body": "Your sentences look pretty good overall, but:\n\n * The first two sentences may be correct, but confusing to me. If you want to use A対B, it's better to clarify which number corresponds to which sex. Try something like these: \n\n> * クラスの《男女比{だんじょひ}¦性別の割合》は、男性対女性が2対3だ。\n> * ...男性(が)2、対、女性(が)3だ。\n> * ...男性(が)2に対して女性(が)3だ。\n\n * 3分の2 (= 2/3 = 66.7%) is fairly common, but 2分の3 (= 3/2 = 150%) is not something we say in daily life, although it's mathematically correct. Most people have to stop for a moment and think what it means. Instead, you can say 「1.5倍だ」。\n * (Type C-F) Some sentences lack a topic which serves as the denominator. And when we say something like this, isn't (うちの)クラス the normal topic? \n\n> * うちのクラスは女性が《6割¦60%》だ。\n> * うちのクラスの女性の割合は《6割¦60%》だ。\n> * うちのクラスは《6割¦60%》が女性だ。\n> * うちのクラスの《6割¦60%》は女性だ。\n\n * If you do want to use 女性 as the topic, it's better to use an appropriate verb. \n\n> * 女性はクラスの《6割¦60%》を《占める¦構成する》。 (sounds like a math problem...)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T10:11:54.037", "id": "36752", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T13:54:24.637", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T13:54:24.637", "last_editor_user_id": "11192", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36746", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36748", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I see this used but I can't figure out what it means.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T05:51:48.073", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36747", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T06:01:30.190", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16161", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning", "words" ], "title": "What does かこっかな mean?", "view_count": 138 }
[ { "body": "かこっかな is a more casual way of かこうかな(書こうかな), and 〜うかな means \"I'm wondering if I\nshould 〜.\" So the phrase means \"I'm wondering if I should write something\". I\ndon't know the whole sentence but かこっかな means this.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T06:01:30.190", "id": "36748", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T06:01:30.190", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11790", "parent_id": "36747", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36750", "answer_count": 2, "body": "It is said by the old man to a group of children about going to see a boy who\nis in a jail.\n\n> _Old man:_ おめえら そんなかっこうであそんでいていいのか ジョーにあいにいくしたくを **せん** でもいいのか\n>\n> _Child:_ あたいたちもつれてってくれるの?\n\nI noticed that there is a blank space between 「を」 and the word 「せん」. I then\nthink that 「せん」 would not be a transitive verb but a noun followed by an\nexpression 「でもいい」 to be translated like \"would...be good?\". In my guess, it\nwould relate to something like travelling by train or 「線」.\n\nIf I am correct, I am still further curious why the writer did not use the\nKanji instead of Hiragana so that it would be more easier to catch the\nmeaning.\n\nHere is the screenshot.\n\n[![enter image description\nhere](https://i.stack.imgur.com/G1yev.jpg)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/G1yev.jpg)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T06:06:14.290", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36749", "last_activity_date": "2017-04-04T06:14:32.483", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "9559", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "words", "manga", "role-language" ], "title": "What does the word 「せん」 mean in this sentence?", "view_count": 1088 }
[ { "body": "In this phrase, せん is not 線。 せん is しない (don't do) in some dialects.\n\nI think the blank between したくを and せん makes it difficult for you to\nunderstand.\n\nしたくをせん means \"don't prepare\". したく (支度 in kanji) is preparation.\n\nSo the phrase ジョーにあいにいくしたくを せんでもいいのか means \"Would it be okay for you to be not\nprepared to meet Joe?\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T06:29:31.320", "id": "36750", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T05:24:29.913", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T05:24:29.913", "last_editor_user_id": "11104", "owner_user_id": "11790", "parent_id": "36749", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "* 「 **せんでも** いいのか」 = 「 **しなくて** もいいのか」 \n * 「せん」 = 「しない」\n\nせん・せぇへん is a common way to say しない especially in Kansai. \nYou can see something similar in the Standard Japanese「すみま **せん** 」\n\nIn 時代劇 on TV, they often say せぬ which is a literary equivalent of せん.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T05:53:27.260", "id": "36775", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T04:51:29.843", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-20T04:51:29.843", "last_editor_user_id": "7055", "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36749", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "> それで一体どうしたのかね?どうにも **穏やかではなさそうだ** が\n\nMy question is about the meaning of 穏やかではなさそうだ in the above.\n\nAccording to the man who asked him this, he found the protagonist fainted in\nthe park.\n\nThe translation in what I was watching was \"you don't look particularly calm\".\n\nI've only seen 穏やか used in the context of not talking about people, but about\nother things like...\n\n> 電話で話せないこととは穏やかではなさそうだね\n\nIs the translation correct or is 穏やかではなさそうだ referring to something else?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T17:52:11.953", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36755", "last_activity_date": "2016-08-17T20:32:12.087", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T17:55:34.490", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "16167", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "translation", "meaning" ], "title": "What does どうにも穏やかではなさそうだが mean", "view_count": 135 }
[ { "body": "You can definitely use 穏やか to describe people/personalities. (A quick search\nof `穏やかな人` on Google shows lots of hits.\n\nIf you look at the 2nd definition of 穏やか\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/31486/meaning/m0u/) it says, which fits\nthe translation pretty well.\n\n`2 気持ちが落ち着いていて物静かなさま。「―な人柄」「―に話し合う」「心中―でない」`", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T18:37:21.883", "id": "36756", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T18:37:21.883", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3916", "parent_id": "36755", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "穏やかでない \"not moderate\" is an euphemistic idiom that describes something\n(usually about an event or a remark) is disturbing, ominous, abnormal, or\nalarming.\n\nIn this case, though I don't know much about the context, it doesn't seem\nlikely to mean \"(the character, behavior of) someone isn't calm\". Maybe what\nthe speaker wants to tell is that the protagonist looks so badly hurt or\ndistressed, or himself foresees some grave complications behind the situation.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T19:43:47.163", "id": "36760", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T19:43:47.163", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "36755", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36772", "answer_count": 2, "body": "> 曲がりくねった道 \n> 地図さえない \n> **それもまた 人生**\n\nIn this beautiful song from Misora Hibari, I don't understand the last line.\n\nIt surely means something like \"That is life\" but I don't understand the use\nof も and また. Why not saying それ人生? (I know, it couldn't fit in the song, but\nstill from a grammatical point of view.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T19:16:55.877", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36758", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T04:11:51.830", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T02:58:20.930", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "15759", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "particles", "song-lyrics" ], "title": "それもまた 人生, what does it mean literally?", "view_count": 240 }
[ { "body": "Grammatically, it means \"That **_also_** is life.\"\n\nもまた - - also\n\nIt probably refers to another line/section in the song mentioning something\nelse that would elicit the 'that is life' response.\n\nThis is a good\n[question](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1279551617)\nto look at as well.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T19:50:12.413", "id": "36761", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T19:55:56.260", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T19:55:56.260", "last_editor_user_id": "3916", "owner_user_id": "3916", "parent_id": "36758", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "By saying もまた (=also), the lyrics imply such a way of living (ie. \"でこぼこ道や\n曲がりくねった道 地図さえない\") is not the only way of human life.\n\nIf you said それ **が** 人生 (\"That is life\") here, it would mean _everyone_ lives\na life with many ups and downs. It would be perfectly fine in the lyrics of\nother songs. However, the person in this song is not talking about people's\nlife in general. She is recalling her own life, which she thinks was\nparticularly turbulent but satisfactory.\n\nそれ人生 is broken. We sometimes drop が after それ in most casual and colloquial\nsituations, but you can't do so here.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T03:17:37.693", "id": "36772", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T04:11:51.830", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T04:11:51.830", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36758", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36763", "answer_count": 2, "body": "In the Genki I textbook, it says that the i and the u vowels are sometimes\ndropped when placed between voiceless consonants or at the end of an utterance\npreceded by voiceless consonants.\n\nThe example given, すきです, demonstrates both points.\n\nCurrently, I am learning about adjectives and was wondering whether the vowel\ndrop is also applied to adjectives (or words in general) that end in \"いい\", for\nexample かわいい and うれしい.\n\nSince the i is at the end of an utterance preceded by voiceless consonants in\nboth examples, I believe that the vowel drop is acceptable. Therefore, is it\nappropriate in speech to say \"kawaides\" and \"ureshides\" or do I have to say\nthe long i-vowel?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T19:24:59.987", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36759", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T22:04:53.860", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T21:08:32.177", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "16115", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "pronunciation", "contractions", "i-adjectives", "vowels", "long-vowels" ], "title": "Can the last い in かわいい be dropped?", "view_count": 275 }
[ { "body": "The vowels aren't \"dropped\"; they simply become voiceless, which is explained\n(poorly) to English speakers as being \"dropped\" because the concept of\nvoiceless vowels doesn't exist in English. In these two examples, the い is\nvoiced in both cases.\n\nFor かわいい, the voicing of わ means that the first い is voiced, and thus the\nadjacent final い must also be voiced. Aside from that, though, if it's\nfollowed by です then it doesn't matter since the [d] at the start is always\nvoiced. Thus the final い in うれしい must also be voiced. But since vowels are\nvoiced by default, the final い would also make the previous い voiced.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T20:49:17.233", "id": "36762", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T20:49:17.233", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9596", "parent_id": "36759", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "The vowel drop described in your textbook happens between consonants. However,\neven though the vowel is dropped, the rhythm of the word isn't changed.\n\n> [[s.ki.de.s]] ↔ [[su.ki.de.su]]\n\n(the dot `.` denotes separation of syllables).\n\nYou cannot do the same with the [[i]] in かわいいです [[ka.wa.i.i.de.s(u)]] or\nうれしいです. (I don't understand your comment about voiceless consonants, but\nneither [[i]] is between consonants.)\n\n* * *\n\nHowever, a final -i is sometimes dropped in colloquial speech. I would\ndescribe this as a separate phenomenon, though.\n\n> 痛い → 痛っ or 痛ッ \n> 寒い → 寒っ or 寒ッ\n\nIn writing (e.g. ads, manga), the silent mora is usually represented by っ (or\nッ).\n\nFor your two words, you'd get\n\n> カワイい → カワいっ \n> うれしい → うれしっ\n\nThe second be pronounced [[u.ɺe.ɕ. ]], i.e. with a(n almost?) silent final -i.\nHowever, note that the rhythm is not ~~[[u.ɺeɕ]]~~.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T21:05:17.053", "id": "36763", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T22:04:53.860", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T22:04:53.860", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "36759", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36767", "answer_count": 1, "body": "What role does と play in the following sentence?\n\n> みなさんは、アフリカの平原で、ライオンがのんびり **と** 寝そべっている姿をテレビや映画などで、見たことがあるでしょう。\n\nIn my understanding, のんびり is a noun and 寝そべっている is a verb. So interconnecting\na noun with a verb with と does not make sense here.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-18T22:38:58.160", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36764", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T00:43:33.340", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-18T22:45:03.777", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "11192", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-と" ], "title": "What role does と play in this sentence?", "view_count": 528 }
[ { "body": "> 「ライオンがのんびり+ **と** + [寝]{ね}そべっている」\n>\n> \"the lion is lying sprawled in a carefree manner\"\n\n_**「のんびり」 is an adverb, not a noun**_. It means \"in a carefree manner\",\n\"leisurely\", etc.\n\nThe 「と」 here is an _**optional**_ particle. You can say 「のんびり寝そべっている」 without\nusing a 「と」.\n\nSee definition #5 in\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A8-579147#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88).\n\nWhat does the optional 「と」 do, then? It gives a little more emphasis to the\nmeaning of the adverb 「のんびり」 and the state of the lion at the moment. The\ndifference the 「と」 brings about is quite subtle, but subtlety is a big part of\nLanguage and the native speakers' brains will surely pick up the difference.\n\nOther examples:\n\n「しっかり(と)[聞]{き}く」 (to listen carefully)\n\n「ほんのり(と)[甘]{あま}い」 (slightly sweet)\n\n「ピカピカ(と)[輝]{かがや}く」 (to shine brightly)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T00:38:13.243", "id": "36767", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T00:43:33.340", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36764", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36768", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Sorry if this is a very basic question, but I'm trying to understand\neverything in my first lesson (online, Rocket Japanese). I don't understand\nwhat the purpose of **お** is in the phrase お元気ですか, which is explained as how I\nask someone how they are. I believe 元気 refers to well-being or health, です is\nroughly the verb \"to be,\" and か is added to turn the phrase into a question.\nBut nowhere is お explained. Is it actually required, and if so, what does it\nadd to the question? On the site it is translated to \"how are you?\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T00:06:20.093", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36765", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T01:02:58.440", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T01:02:58.440", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9841", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "translation", "honorifics", "prefixes" ], "title": "What is お in お元気ですか?", "view_count": 1306 }
[ { "body": "お and ご, both represented by [the kanji 御](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%BE%A1),\nare prefixes that increase the politeness of a word. They are often used when\nreferring to other people to put them on a higher level than yourself, which\nis why you say 「お元気ですか」 to other people, but you say 「元気です」 about yourself.\n\nWhether you use お or ご is dependent on the word, so ご元気 is not correct. お\nusually goes with 訓読{くんよ}み readings and ご with 音読{おんよ}み readings.\n([source](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2014/03/21/japanese-honorific-\nprefixes-%E3%81%8A-and-%E3%81%94-o-and-go/)) This rule is already broken by\nthe word 元気; fortunately the kanji 御 is rarely used, so you usually don't have\nto guess which one it is when reading.\n\nIn addition, there are certain words that usually have お/ご on the front, such\nas _alcohol_ (お酒{さけ}). Some words require it, or would change in meaning or\nreading without it, like _sorry_ (御免{ごめん}), _rice/meal_ (ご飯{はん}), _stomach_\n(お腹{なか}), and _money_ (お金{かね}).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T00:38:21.450", "id": "36768", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T00:38:21.450", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9981", "parent_id": "36765", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36770", "answer_count": 3, "body": "I just watched an episode called:\n\n> ハロルド王子{おうじ}さらわる!\n\nWhat is this さらわる? Can it be written with kanji? Any reason why online\ndictionaries don't seem to understand its structure?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T00:17:20.813", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36766", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T08:33:15.423", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "12271", "post_type": "question", "score": 7, "tags": [ "grammar", "verbs" ], "title": "さらわる - what form is this?", "view_count": 538 }
[ { "body": "First, you should know that conjugated verb forms will not be found in\ndictionaries, paper or on-line. All you find generally are the \"dictionary\"\nforms.\n\n「さらわる」 is the **_literary (and classical) passive voice form_** of 「さらう」 (\" **\n_to kidnap_** \"). Its modern counterpart is 「さらわれる」.\n\nThe passive voice forms:\n\nClassical: 「~~る」 and 「~~らる」\n\nModern: 「~~れる」 and 「~~られる」\n\nThe old form is still in use when the author sees it fit for his/her aesthetic\npurpose. It is used in titles quite often. To the native ears, the old form\nsounds more dramatic and just plain \"nice\" for a lack of word, but that is\njust like how older forms are treated in English, isn't it?\n\nSo, 「~~さらわる」 means \"~~ kidnapped\" to use the headline grammar.\n\nIn prose, of course, it would be \"~~ gets kidnapped.\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T01:11:58.580", "id": "36770", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T01:20:26.723", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T01:20:26.723", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36766", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 }, { "body": "To write さらわる with kanji: 攫わる (this is for the \"kidnap\" meaning of さらう)\n\nIn Classical Japanese this was the verb さらふ which is conjugated with ハ行四段活用,\nlike 言ふ.\n\nTo make the passive form of さらふ you need to add the Classical Japanese 助動詞「る」\nwhich attaches to the 未然形 (this is 「は」 for ハ行四段活用)\n\n 1. Put さらふ into 未然形 ⇒「さら **は** 」\n 2. Add 助動詞「る」⇒「さら **はる** 」\n 3. Change the Kana to match Modern Japanese spelling rules: さらはる ⇒「 **さらわる** 」\n\nThis is how you get the meaning of, \"to be kidnapped\".\n\nThere are other, somewhat similarly constructed words which are still in\ncommon use as verbs on their own in Modern Japanese, which you can look up in\na Modern Japanese dictionary:\n\n終わる、備わる、変わる、etc.\n\nさらわる is constructed from similar rules, but is not recognized as a verb in its\nown right for Modern Japanese, so you wouldn't find it in a modern dictionary\nas「さらわる」, but you would likely find the dictionary form of the root「さらふ」in a\nClassical Japanese dictionary.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T05:21:05.780", "id": "36774", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T06:27:10.817", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T06:27:10.817", "last_editor_user_id": "7055", "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36766", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "In the same way as \"襲わる\" with \"襲われる - be attacked\", \"奪わる\" with \"奪われる - be\nrobbed of,\" \"囚わる\" with \"囚われる- be captured,\" “さらわる” is a bit oldish way of\nsaying “さらわれる,” which is a passive form of the verb, さらう, and you can put\nKanji character, “攫う” to this.\n\nKenkyusha's Japanese English Dictionary (英和中辞典:5th Edition) defines “攫う” as:\n\n 1. 横合いから持ち去るーcarry away, sweep away.\n\n 2. kidnap, abduct.\n\n“ハロルド王子さらわる” means Prince Harold was kidnapped.\n\nThere is another Kanji character, “浚(う)” to “さらう,” which means:\n\n(川、井戸などの)底にたまっているものを取り除く‐clean out (a well) dredge (a river). -Readers\nJapanese English Dictionary.\n\n攫う and 浚う are different words though pronounced the same.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T00:42:10.227", "id": "36868", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T08:33:15.423", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T08:33:15.423", "last_editor_user_id": "12056", "owner_user_id": "12056", "parent_id": "36766", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36771", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I know 助かります (助かる) means: to be saved; to be rescued; to survive.\n\nImperative form : 助かれ\n\nbut people say 助かれます(i.e. Amazon.co.jp delivery man came earlier than\nspecified time and i said 早いですね、he replied 助かれます, i did not understand)\n\nN.B: I am learning Japanese (beginner)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T01:05:19.627", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36769", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T01:21:37.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16171", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "what does \"たすかれます\" mean and use for?", "view_count": 328 }
[ { "body": "I think might be hearing 「助か **り** ます」, which would be a way to say \"thanks\"\nwhen something you did was helpful.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T01:21:37.337", "id": "36771", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T01:21:37.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36769", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36779", "answer_count": 3, "body": "In the popular novel 火花, after the two main characters engage in a manzai-like\nconversation, Kamiya says the following:\n\n```\n\n 「二人がかりで結構時間かかったな。笑いって、こんなに難しかったっけ?」\n \n```\n\nI think I have a good understanding of that statement. However, the next\nstatement by Tokunaga is as follows:\n\n```\n\n 「僕も吐きそうになりました」\n \n```\n\nGenerally, I've seen 吐く used to mean \"spit out\" or \"throw up\". I know there\nare a few other meanings as well, but none of them seem to fit the context\nhere.\n\nIt just seems strange for a comedian to say \"I was ready to throw up\" after\nonly a few exchanges with someone (I'd say less than a minute), even if it was\nan intense discussion (or comedy routine). And they haven't been drinking\nenough here to actually mean \"vomit\".\n\nMy guess is something like \"break out laughing\", but I've never heard 吐く used\nin this context, at least without an object.\n\nCan someone please clarify what 吐く means here?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T05:53:58.127", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36776", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T07:43:13.173", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11825", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "words" ], "title": "The meaning of 吐く in a scene from 火花", "view_count": 201 }
[ { "body": "From my understanding, Tokunaga is talking about how difficult it is to get\nlaughs from the audience and how much effort is required - in this case, to\nthe point of vomiting. 「吐く」 is normally not used to express laughter.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T06:24:47.043", "id": "36777", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T06:24:47.043", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16178", "parent_id": "36776", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "We often use 緊張して吐きそうになる, which means \"I am almost throwing up under\ntension/pressure.\"\n\nTokunaga was so nervous that he was almost throwing up.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T06:26:50.580", "id": "36778", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T07:42:03.247", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T07:42:03.247", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "36776", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I found an excerpt from [here](http://hon.bunshun.jp/articles/-/3833?page=3).\n\nIt looks like he went out with his 先輩{せんぱい} for the first time drinking, in\nwhich he never drank before and felt very nervous.\n\nThen his 先輩 says:\n\n> その代わり笑わしてな。でも、俺が真面目に質問した時は、ちゃんと答えて\n\nSo he feels under a lot of pressure to make his 先輩 laugh, also they have a\nvery quick exchange back and forth where he is under a lot of pressure to\nanswer.\n\n> 僕も吐きそうになりました\n\nWhile a literal translation of this is \"I feel like I'm going to vomit\" I\nthink a more accurate interpretation is \"I feel sick\". I often hear this\nphrase in a situation where someone is under a lot of pressure too. For\nexample, when you have a huge workload and you don't know what to do next, I\nwould hear this phrase from a co-worker.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T06:26:59.547", "id": "36779", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T07:43:13.173", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T07:43:13.173", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "1217", "parent_id": "36776", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36781", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> 「あぁっ しかもあんな強引にされちゃったりして」\n>\n> 「もぉ… **蓮も好きなんだから** 」\n\nWhat does 蓮も好きなんだから mean in the above?\n\nTo me it's ambiguous and could mean \"I also love you\", \"you also love me\", or\nthat he also loves something else.\n\nCan anyone help me understand?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T07:09:01.037", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36780", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T08:57:16.427", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "16180", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "meaning of 蓮も好きなんだから", "view_count": 374 }
[ { "body": "`person + も + 好き` (with a target unsaid) is a euphemistic and idiomatic phrase\nmeaning \"[person] is a lecher\". Basically it means \"Oh, you (=蓮) also love\n****\", where **** is a certain type of activity, not a person, which is unsaid\nbecause saying it would be explicit.\n\nThis idiom is particularly well-known as a part of\n[加藤茶](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha_Kat%C5%8D)'s signature gag,\n[ちょっとだけよ](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%87%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%82%88).\n\nSometimes this phrase is used with a bit pejorative/ridiculing nuance\nreferring to someone with any other extraordinary taste/hobby. For example:\n\n> 彼は週末になると山に登っているよ。 **彼も好きだね** 。(or あいつも好きだな, etc)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T08:09:59.330", "id": "36781", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T08:57:16.427", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T08:57:16.427", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36780", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36786", "answer_count": 1, "body": "What is 社会運動標榜 and how is it different from 社会運動家 ?\n\nThe first is criminal in Japan and the second is not, but I'm not clear on the\ndifferences.\n\nProps if you can also explain how this may or may not relate to a political\nlobby.\n\nRef.\n[社会運動標榜ゴロ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%A8%99%E6%A6%9C%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AD)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T09:52:16.320", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36782", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T02:54:40.970", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T10:57:17.707", "last_editor_user_id": "16181", "owner_user_id": "16181", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "words" ], "title": "What is 社会運動標榜?", "view_count": 230 }
[ { "body": "* **社会運動** : (noun) \"social movement\"\n * **家【か】** : (postfix) \"-ist\", \"-er\"\n * **社会運動家** : (noun) \"social activist\" (neutral)\n * **標榜** : (noun, suru-verb) \"advocate\"\n * **社会運動標榜** : \"social-movement-advocating\"\n * **ゴロ** : (noun, jargon) \"public enemy\", \"person/group who does illegal actions\" (from [ゴロツキ](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%A0%B4%E8%90%BD%E6%88%B8) \"rogue\", \"thug\")\n\nSo 社会運動標榜ゴロ is \"social-movement-advocating\" + \"rogue\". It refers to an\norganization that makes money by unjustifiable, illegal means, while\npretending to be a benign political or social organization. For example, a\ngroup that does charity donation frauds is a 社会運動標榜ゴロ.\n\nTo be clear, the 社会運動標榜 part by itself does not have the illegal connotation.\nゴロ does.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T11:42:51.727", "id": "36786", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T02:54:40.970", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-20T02:54:40.970", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36782", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "In what situation might a Japanese person say:\n\n> 「おしたいして おりました。」\n\nand what is it most commonly used to imply?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T10:09:11.713", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36783", "last_activity_date": "2019-12-17T22:07:24.270", "last_edit_date": "2019-12-17T22:07:24.270", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16182", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning", "set-phrases" ], "title": "When might someone say おしたいしておりました?", "view_count": 236 }
[ { "body": "> 「お[慕]{した}いしておりました。」\n\nBasically, it is used in **_two_** different situations:\n\nRomantic: To elegantly tell someone that you used to love him/her deeply.\n\nNon-Romantic: To express how deeply you used to respect someone.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T23:08:29.313", "id": "36796", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T23:08:29.313", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36783", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36785", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I found this sentence on\n<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%82%8B>\nand it struck me as odd.\n\n> 山田【やまだ】さん **が** いらっしゃいますでしょうか。\n\nListening to my co-workers (business phone calls) I've noticed that most times\nthey will drop the particle completely and I don't believe that I have ever\nheard them use 「が」. As a point of reference I would probably say something\nlike 「〇〇さん、いらっしゃいますでしょうか?」.\n\nMy question: Is there a semantic difference between using 「は・が」or nothing at\nall? Also beyond the base semantics are there any connotations to using\n〇〇さん「が・は」?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T10:19:38.210", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36784", "last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T00:29:03.200", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T12:31:39.027", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "1806", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "particle-は", "particle-が", "keigo", "business-japanese", "は-and-が" ], "title": "〇〇さん「は・が」いらっしゃいますか?", "view_count": 233 }
[ { "body": "The sentence:\n\n> 「[山田]{やまだ}さん **が** いらっしゃいますでしょう **か** 。」\n\nis definitely more than weird and it is nothing native speakers would say. The\nparticle needs to be 「は」, and never 「が」.\n\n**To ask if someone is in, the topic marker is always 「は」**. Admittedly,\nthough, using 「が」 to do so is a very common mistake among Japanese-learners.\n\nThere is, however, a situation in which 「Name + が」 can be used with\n「いらっしゃる/いらっしゃいます」 **_in a statement_** if not a question. That is when you\nhave just seen or found someone and want to tell another person that he is\nhere/there. You will say:\n\n> 「山田さん **が** いらっしゃいます。」\n\nThis is completely correct and you cannot use 「は」 here.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T10:51:50.523", "id": "36785", "last_activity_date": "2019-10-01T00:29:03.200", "last_edit_date": "2019-10-01T00:29:03.200", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36784", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36790", "answer_count": 3, "body": "In sentence: \"放課後とりま石井ん家に集合な!\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T14:49:23.873", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36788", "last_activity_date": "2017-01-19T13:49:03.993", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16185", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation" ], "title": "What does \"石井ん家\" (abbreviation) mean?", "view_count": 283 }
[ { "body": "I believe the ん is just a contracted の in this case.\n\n> 放課後とりま石井 ** _の_** 家に集合な! → We're meeting at Ishii's house after school!\n\n* * *\n\n**Edit** : Apparently 「とりま」 is a slang contraction of 「とりあえず、まあ」.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T15:12:57.350", "id": "36789", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T16:39:55.993", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T16:39:55.993", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "78", "parent_id": "36788", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "> 「Person's Name/Nickname or Personal Pronoun + ん + [家]{ち}」\n\nis an informal way of saying \" ** _~~'s place/house_** \". 「家」 is read 「ち」 in\nthis expression. This reading is exceptional, so it must be mentioned.\n\n「~~ + **ん** ち」=「~~ + **の** + うち」\n\n「とりま」 is a slangy shortened form of 「 **とり** あえず、 **ま** あ」, which loosely\nmeans \"for the time being\", \"first off\", etc.\n\n> \"After school, we're going to meet at Ishii's place first, alright?\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T15:52:07.083", "id": "36790", "last_activity_date": "2017-01-19T13:49:03.993", "last_edit_date": "2017-01-19T13:49:03.993", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36788", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "ん[家]{ち} is a contraction of の[家]{うち}. It goes with names, like 石井ん家 \"Ishii's\nplace\", or personal pronouns, like あんたん家 \"your place\" or 私ん家 \"my place\".\n\nIf the name ends in ん the ん of ん家 is omitted, e.g. あきちゃん家 \"Aki's place\".\n\nIt's a very common way to say \"[somebody]'s place/house\". This reading of 家\neven has its own dictionary entry, for example in 大辞林\n\n> **ち** 【▽家】〔「うち(家)」に助詞「の」が付いた「のうち」の転「んち」から〕\n>\n> 家。うち。「ぼくん—」「君ん—」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T19:07:33.357", "id": "36792", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T19:07:33.357", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "36788", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm reading a Japanese term paper and have come across the term 満系, in this\ncontext:\n\n> 日系軍官の満系統制\n\nI am guessing based on the context and searching for possible meanings that it\nequates to something like 'Manchurian', as in 'Manchurian control', but would\nlove confirmation of this by someone who may recognize this term. Thank you.\n\n**Edit:** I was asked to add another sentence for more context of 満系 in the\npaper I'm reading, it only comes up one other time so here it is:\n\n> 以上のような「次官政治」への移行が **満系** の強い反発を呼ぶことは事前に予想できたことであった。", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T18:20:07.897", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36791", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T23:49:32.173", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-19T18:42:27.930", "last_editor_user_id": "11274", "owner_user_id": "11274", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "Clarifying meaning of 満系", "view_count": 170 }
[ { "body": "It is exactly as you guessed.\n\n「[満系]{まんけい}」=「[満州系]{まんしゅうけい}」= \"Manchurian\", \"belonging/pertaining to\nManchuria or Manchurians\"\n\nThis word is used pretty much exclusively in the **_context of Japanese\ncontrol of Manchuria_**. We say 「[中国系]{ちゅうごくけい}アメリカ[人]{じん}」 to mean \"Chinese-\nAmericans\". We never say 「満系アメリカ人」.\n\n> 「[日系軍官]{にっけいぐんかん}の満系[統制]{とうせい}」\n\ntherefore, means \" ** _Manchurian control by Japanese military_** \".\n\n> 「満系の[強]{つよ}い[反発]{はんぱつ}」\n\nmeans \" ** _Strong repellence by the Manchurians_** \"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T23:49:32.173", "id": "36797", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-19T23:49:32.173", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36791", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36800", "answer_count": 2, "body": "Often I find that there are nouns which are tacked on to the end of a phrase.\nFor example, this from an article:\n\n来年公開の映画『獣道』でも主演に抜擢されている伊藤。\n\nIs this giving a description of Itou? Translated as \"on the subject of Itou,\nwho is also selected to star in the movie animal trail coming out next year\"\n\nAlso consider this except from a book:\n\n現に、採集マニアのなかには採集自体よりも、殺虫瓶のなかの青酸カリに魅せられて、どうしても足を洗うことが出来なくなった者さえいるそうだ。\n\nI'm pretty sure that everything after the second comma is being used to\ndescribe 者, so the translation would be\n\n\"in fact, among collectors, there are even seems to be people who are more\ninterested in the potassium cyanide in their insect bottles than the\ncollecting itself, and no matter how they try they've become unable to wash\ntheir feet of it\".\n\nAm I wrong? Thanks", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T20:24:15.473", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36793", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-23T07:36:30.747", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11470", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation" ], "title": "Large qualifiers before nouns or unusual sentence orders?", "view_count": 170 }
[ { "body": "Yes, you are correct. I think this is quite common in Japanese to have a very\nlong modifier like this. Although, your translation of `足をあらう` is too literal,\nit's being used idiomatically to mean to clean up and stop doing bad things.\nFind the definition [here](http://gogen-allguide.com/a/ashiwoarau.html).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T01:36:24.073", "id": "36800", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T01:36:24.073", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1217", "parent_id": "36793", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "* Relative clauses can be very long both in English and Japanese. In your second example, \"採集自体よりも殺虫瓶のなかの青酸カリに魅せられて、どうしても足を洗うことが出来なくなった\" modifies 者 as a relative clause.\n * Most Japanese sentences end with a verb, but sentences that end with a noun are relatively common. It's a type of rhetoric device called 体言止め. See: [what exactly is \"体言止{たいげんど}め\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14524/5010) Making sentences 体言止め makes them more vivid, rhythmical, compact, etc. In your case, I feel 体言止め is used for the sake of brevity, so you can simply translate it as if it were a normal sentence (ie \"伊藤 is also selected as ...\").", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T01:55:45.410", "id": "36801", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-23T07:36:30.747", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36793", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36795", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I've seen in manga **あちし** , which means \"I\". However, in every dictionary\nI've looked at, it doesn't exist. So is this a fictional pronoun?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T21:22:38.967", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36794", "last_activity_date": "2021-12-05T21:25:15.377", "last_edit_date": "2021-12-05T21:25:15.377", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "16147", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "pronouns", "first-person-pronouns" ], "title": "Pronoun あちし: real or fiction", "view_count": 536 }
[ { "body": "You will hear it used mostly in fiction predominantly by working-class male\ncharacters (period dramas come to mind first) and when used in fiction it is\noften fairly clearly pronounced 「あちし」.\n\nIn real life, 「あちし」 is not pronounced clearly as in fiction. It is more often\nwhat 「あたし」 can sometimes _**sound like**_ rather than how it is actually\npronounced intentionally. Another way it can be perceived is 「あっし」. You will\nhear these mostly around Tokyo and not really in western Japan.\n\nI would say that the reason for the clearer pronunciation of 「あちし」 in fiction\nis its function as 「[役割語]{やくわりご}」(\"role language\").\n\nIn real life as well, these variations of 「あたし」 is used by older _**male**_\nindividuals around Tokyo. That 「あたし」 is used only by female speakers is just a\nrumour in the Japanese-as-a-foreign-language world. Do not trust it.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-19T22:31:49.487", "id": "36795", "last_activity_date": "2021-12-05T21:13:24.517", "last_edit_date": "2021-12-05T21:13:24.517", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36794", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36799", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm wondering if it's possible or acceptable for foreigners to use 漢字 to write\ntheir names that would usually be written in カタカナ. I know that some names are\nalready Japanese names such as Ben【勉】, Mary【茉莉】, etc., but is it possible to\nuse common 音読み to extend this kind of thing further?\n\nFor example, maybe Ben【勉】could be extended to Benjamin【勉邪民】, or Thomas could\nbe written as【斗枡】. Would this type of thing be acceptable or understood, or is\nit simply more practical to use the カタカナ versions?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T00:34:00.060", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36798", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T01:10:20.933", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16049", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "kanji", "names", "kanji-choice", "onyomi" ], "title": "Using 音読み to write foreign names", "view_count": 3122 }
[ { "body": "For Western names, practically speaking, Katatana is best. If you're a citizen\nof a country where Kanji is used on official documents like your passport,\nsay... China or Korea, then it is common to use either Kanji or Katakana in\nJapan.\n\nFor citizens of Western countries, your Kanji name will never be your\n\"official\" name (unless you become a citizen of Japan, Korea, China, etc.)\nAlmost all Japanese institutions commonly handle alphabetic names at this\npoint, so even your Katakana name may not be used on official Japanese\ndocuments.\n\nHowever, some people use a Kanji-fied version of a Western name for their\nhanko/inkan, and this is usually acceptable even in government and banking\ndocuments.\n\nSo if your name is \"Benjamin Button\" you could register a hanko/inkan with\nyour city office or bank with 「勉邪民 牡丹」 on it. As long as there is some clear\nlink between the Kanji and your name, you most likely wouldn't have any\ntrouble.", "comment_count": 8, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T01:10:20.933", "id": "36799", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T01:10:20.933", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36798", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36803", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I've always wondered why **を** can not be used with existence\nverbs(いる、ある、おる、なる、生きる【いきる】、死ぬ【しぬ】. They're all intransitive verbs but is there\na legitimate reason? Is existence \"indirect\"?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T08:24:14.523", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36802", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T09:02:01.063", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-20T08:35:48.423", "last_editor_user_id": "4091", "owner_user_id": "16147", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "verbs", "transitivity" ], "title": "Why を can't be used with existence verbs?", "view_count": 528 }
[ { "body": "There's a difference between intransitive and indirect. Transitivity (from\nLatin \"transire\", \"to go across\") basically (with exceptions, probably)\nimplies the subject carrying out an action on an object that is generally\ndistinct from the subject. Sure, you can select 自分 as the object to make the\naction reflexive, but in general you are able to select objects that are not\nthe same as the subject.\n\nVerbs such as いる and ある have no transitivity, or \"going across\" from subject\nto object. Neither do the English equivalents.\n\n〇「家にいる」= \"I am staying in the house.\"\n\n✕「家をいる」= \"I am staying the house.\"\n\nIn the second, I translated the accusative 「家を」 as the accusative \"the house\",\nand both were nonsensical for the same reason.\n\nPutting the subject of basic existence verbs as the object likewise makes for\nodd translations:\n\n「私を生きる」= \"[It] lives me\"\n\n「彼を死ぬ」= \"[It] dies him\"\n\n(Note that anything marked with を in Japanese typically must go _after_ the\nverb in English, because of our Subject-Verb-Object [SVO] order .)\n\nSo, this isn't just a feature of Japanese, but also of English. Now, in\ncolloquial English, we're allowed to say things like \"it's me\" in place of \"it\nis I\". This is suppressed in formal English because it's an unusual feature of\nour language that rubs grammar purists the wrong way. We can also say \"I am\nhome\" instead of \"I am at my home\"; this is an unusual case called the\n\"locative\"*, and it only happens with a few words in English. For example, we\ncan't say \"I am store\"!\n\n*Actually, that's what it's called in Latin, which has the similar phenomenon on a larger scale. I don't know if the phenomenon in English has a name. Latin, incidentally, marks objects and subjects very similarly to Japanese, and has the same intransitivity in existence verbs.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T08:44:24.737", "id": "36803", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T09:02:01.063", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-20T09:02:01.063", "last_editor_user_id": "15798", "owner_user_id": "15798", "parent_id": "36802", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36805", "answer_count": 2, "body": "It is in a sentence said by an old man who is speaking to a group of children.\n\nおめえらは **だまっとれ** !\n\nI think it should be an imperative form of 「黙る」 but I found, in an online\ndictionary, that the form is written as 「黙れ」.\n\nIs this word in a form of a certain dialect?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T11:30:03.783", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36804", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T12:28:51.823", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9559", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "words", "dialects", "manga" ], "title": "What does the word 「だまっとれ」mean?", "view_count": 1330 }
[ { "body": "There is another subsidiary verb, おる, in its imperative form.\n\n黙っておる can be contracted to 黙っとる (see [this\nchart](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010)).\n\nおる is mainly used to make a humble expression, but it's also used as an\narrogant, dialectal or a bit old-fashioned version of simple いる.\n\n> [お・る〔をる〕【▽居る】](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/34019/meaning/m0u/) \n> ㋑「いる」の古風な、または尊大な言い方。また、「いる」に比べて方言的な響きを帯びる。「君はそこに―・ったのか」「都会にはセミも―・らんようになった」\n\nSo it just means \"Keep silent!\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T12:02:11.487", "id": "36805", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T12:17:47.517", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36804", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "The other answers are mainly correct, but they leave out the part that this is\nusage of `黙っとる` or `黙っとれ` are still common in certain dialects, mainly western\nJapan. Some say the dividing line is somewhere between Shizuoka prefecture and\nAichi prefecture. Once you go west of Aichi prefecture you hear the とる form a\nlot, like in phrases as 知っとる (知っている) or やっとる (やっている). Basically, in 標準語 the\n`おる` form has been replaced by `いる` but remains in dialects still.\n\nHowever, Japanese has a lot of different ways of saying that expression. For\nexample:\n\n`黙ってろ`\n\n`黙っとき`\n\n`黙っとけ`\n\n`黙っとりゃあ`\n\n`黙りなさい`\n\nSome of these are dialectical and have slightly different use cases.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T12:16:25.633", "id": "36807", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T12:28:51.823", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-20T12:28:51.823", "last_editor_user_id": "1217", "owner_user_id": "1217", "parent_id": "36804", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36813", "answer_count": 4, "body": "I'm looking for a way to express the feeling that sometimes comes up when the\nway you feel about yourself contrasts with surface-level observations about\nyou. In English we have the \"identify as\" construct e.g.\n\n\"I was born in France, but I identify as American.\"\n\nYou can replace \"I identify as X\" above with \"In my heart, I am X\". The\nclosest thing I could find in Jisho was:\n\n「自分が別人になった感じだ。」\n\nUsing that I did my best to translate the sentence above as:\n\n「私はフランスで生まれだけど、自分がアメリカ人感じだ。」\n\n\"I was born in France, but I myself feel like an American.\"\n\nIs this accurate, and if not, what would be the best way to express this type\nof sentence in Japanese?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T16:40:37.580", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36810", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T18:55:54.000", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16049", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "translation", "word-choice", "phrase-requests" ], "title": "Japanese equivalent of \"I identify as X\"", "view_count": 1061 }
[ { "body": "Here are two possible expressions you can use (After the \"I was born in\nFrance\" part):\n\n```\n\n (私は)もうすっかりアメリカ人になっています。\n \n (私は)自分の事をアメリカ人だと思っています。\n \n```\n\nI think if you modified your above attempt to say \"自分がアメリカ人みたいな感じ\", it would\nbe a little more natural.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T19:10:52.017", "id": "36813", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T19:10:52.017", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11825", "parent_id": "36810", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "Here's some other variants:\n\nフランス生まれだけど、心は日本人。 I was born in France, but my heart is Japanese.\n\nカナダ人ですけど、考え方はフランス人。 I am Canadian but I think like a French person.\n\nマレーシア生まれの中国人ですけど、長い間ドイツで仕事したので、感覚はドイツ人かもしれないです。 I am a Malaysian-born Chinese\nbut because I have worked in Germany for a long time, my sense (way of\nthinking) is likely German.\n\nアメリカで生まれたが、カナダの価値観を持ってます。 I was born in America, but I have Canadian values.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T21:06:56.410", "id": "36820", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T18:55:54.000", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-21T18:55:54.000", "last_editor_user_id": "3916", "owner_user_id": "3916", "parent_id": "36810", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "You can say 「私は **フランス生まれだ** けど、」 (\"Though I **am French-born** ,\" ) or 「私は\n**フランスで生まれた** けど、」(\"Though I **was born in France** ,\") but not\n「私はフランスで生まれだけど、」 (\"Though I'm in France born,\"(?)).\n\nTweaking your translation (minimally), we may come up with:\n\n> 私は[フランス生まれだ/フランスで生まれた]けど、自分がアメリカ人[のような/みたいな]感じだ。\n\nOr you could say something like:\n\n> (私は)生まれはフランス人ですが、心はアメリカ人です。 (I am a Frenchman/Frenchwoman by birth but an\n> American at heart.)\n\nThere are myriad ways to express it, really, especially the latter half.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T21:26:57.557", "id": "36821", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T21:26:57.557", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11575", "parent_id": "36810", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I think the most widely applicable phrase might be:\n\n> 自分のことを **X** だと考えている\n\n * 自分のことを **日本人** だと考えています \nI identify as **Japanese** (国籍)\n\n * 自分のことを **プログラマー** だと考えています \nI identify as **a programmer** (職業)\n\n * 自分のことを **阪神のファン** だと考えています \nI identify as **a Hanshin fan** (団体所属)\n\nThis is very similar to saying \"I think of myself as X\", which I think is\nbasically equivalent to \"I identify as X\".\n\nIn contrast to fact:\n\n> 私はフランス生まれですが、自分のことをアメリカ人だと **考えています** 。 \n> 私はフランス生まれですが、自分のことをアメリカ人だと **感じています** 。\n\n * Using 考える as above sounds like perceive yourself as American rather than French \n * Using 感じる as above sounds like you realize that you are French, but you _feel_ American", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T02:45:21.047", "id": "36832", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T02:45:21.047", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36810", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36812", "answer_count": 1, "body": "So I was looking at conjugations and I saw that the potential form of\n**切る【きる】** is **切れる【きれる】**. However, 切れる【きれる】 is also an intransitive verb.\nThere are others e.g.\n\n * 休む【やすむ】>休める【やすめる】\n * 行く【いく】>行ける【いける】\n\nSo, what's the difference?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T17:13:51.023", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36811", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T18:01:24.170", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16147", "post_type": "question", "score": 6, "tags": [ "potential-form", "transitivity" ], "title": "Potential form vs Intransitive Verbs", "view_count": 1644 }
[ { "body": "Short answer: Verbs like 切れる can have two meanings, the potential one or the\nintransitive one. You determine by context.\n\n```\n\n 上司が切れた\n \n```\n\nIn this case, it is clear the boss got mad. It could also be written as キレた.\n\n```\n\n この紐、切れる?\n \n```\n\nHere, it should be clear the person is asking \"Can this string be cut?\". This\nmeaning can also be written as 〜切ることができる.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T18:01:24.170", "id": "36812", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T18:01:24.170", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11825", "parent_id": "36811", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36827", "answer_count": 4, "body": "I want to say a sentence of the form:\n\n> This is the **only** shop in this town that sells socks.\n\ni.e. there are no other shops in this town that sell socks. The best I can do\nis:\n\n> この町で靴下を売る店だけある。\n\nBut I think this means that there is nothing in the town other than a shop\nthat sells socks.\n\nHow do I express this use of **only**?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T19:58:44.443", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36814", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T02:32:42.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "How to say 'only' when there is only one of something", "view_count": 947 }
[ { "body": "You can say:\n\n> この店はこの街で靴下を売っている唯一の店である。", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T20:10:38.337", "id": "36815", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T20:10:38.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5336", "parent_id": "36814", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "There are several ways to say it (using the same format you gave).\n\nTo add to mikan's response, you can use 「しか」:\n\nこの町で靴下を売っている店はこの店しかない。\n\nIt sounds a little much for a casual statement but for the sake of giving an\nexample, you can use the term 「のみ」.\n\nE.g. この町で靴下を売っている店はこの店のみである。", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T20:45:42.827", "id": "36816", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T20:45:42.827", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "6823", "parent_id": "36814", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "You could also just do a change of position of だけ\n\n> この町で、この店だけが靴下を売る。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T20:58:31.053", "id": "36818", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T20:58:31.053", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3916", "parent_id": "36814", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "> This is the only shop in this town that sells socks.\n\nThe most literal translation (\"this\" being the subject, and \"only\" modifying\n\"shop\" adjectivally) would be:\n\n> * これがこの町で靴下を売っている **唯一【ゆいいつ】の** 店です。\n> * これがこの町で靴下を売っている **ただひとつの** 店です。\n> * これがこの町で靴下を売っている **たったひとつの** 店です。 (emphatic, like \"one and only one\")\n>\n\nLess commonly, 唯一の/etc can be in this position:\n\n> * これが **唯一の** この町で靴下を売っている店です。\n>\n\nAnd yes, 「この町には靴下を売る店だけがある。」 means \"In this town, there is only a shop that\nsells socks.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T00:49:35.667", "id": "36827", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T02:32:42.153", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-21T02:32:42.153", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36814", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36822", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I have 2 questions:\n\n 1. When I put a verb in the past does it already carry the state of being? For instance, the quote 私は疲れますです。First, です translates like \"am\", right? Now if I wanted to put this sentence in the past, which would be the more appropriated way?\n\n私は疲れました (putting the verb in the past, do I already carry the state of being\nand exclude the need of です?)\n\n私は疲れましたです or even\n\n私は疲れますでした\n\n?\n\n 2. Now regarding the こと I understand I kinda give direction to who the sentence is about but my question is if taking it out of the sentence will make it lose sense or if they use it in certain occasions or even if it's just what's more common overall, I'd like to use the following sentence as an example:\n\n私はあなたが好き\n\n私はあなたのことが好き\n\nWhat's the difference?\n\nThanks.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T20:57:09.670", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36817", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T21:53:26.573", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-20T21:47:29.760", "last_editor_user_id": "9749", "owner_user_id": "16104", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "State of being and the word こと", "view_count": 117 }
[ { "body": "I think you are overthinking the function of です.\n\n「疲れますです」, 「疲れましたです」, and 「疲れますでした」are all ungrammatical entirely. You can't\nuse です or でした after a verb, only after an adjective or noun.\n\nです is used to equate the subject/topic to a noun or adjective, but not a verb.\nThus, you can use it to say something like \"I am sad\", but not \"I am crying\":\n\n> ○ 私は悲しいです \n> × 私は泣くです\n\nSo your two grammatically correct options are:\n\n> 私は疲れました \n> 私は疲れます\n\nThe former meaning \"I got tired\", and the latter \"I will get tired\". It's that\nstraightforward--if you want it in the past, use the past form; if you want it\nin the present or future, use the present form.\n\nThings do get a little tricky with some change-of-state verbs like 疲れる (see\nalso [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/9749)). If you want to\nemphasize you're tired _now_ , you have a third option using -ている:\n\n> 私は疲れています\n\nHowever, this is a topic separate from the goal of this question.\n\n* * *\n\nAs for your other question, it already has an answer\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2102/9749).\n\nIronically, though, in the sentences you gave you actually _need_ a です for it\nto be grammatical since 好き is a na-adjective:\n\n> ○ 私はあなた(のこと)が好き **です**", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T21:42:12.017", "id": "36822", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T21:53:26.573", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "9749", "parent_id": "36817", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "Are there any godan verbs ending in nu besides shinu?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T21:02:55.247", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36819", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T21:50:08.893", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11708", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "words" ], "title": "godan verbs ending in nu besides shinu", "view_count": 5215 }
[ { "body": "The only two ぬ verbs are 死{し}ぬ _\"to die\"_ and 往{い}ぬ・去{い}ぬ _\"to go somewhere;\nto go away\"_. Note that _inu_ is obsolete, and is not used in modern Japanese.\nThis verb thus technically is not _godan_ , but rather _yodan_ , as it has no\n_-o_ ending in the Classical Japanese conjugation paradigm.\n\nThere is a bit more information at [the Japanese Wikipedia's article on the\nナ変{へん} or ナ行{ぎょう}変格{へんかく}活用{かつよう} ( _na_ -row irregular\nconjugation)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T21:49:32.803", "id": "36823", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T21:49:32.803", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "36819", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "In current Japanese, just 死ぬ{しぬ} according to\n[this](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13121386318).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T21:50:08.893", "id": "36824", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-20T21:50:08.893", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3916", "parent_id": "36819", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 3, "body": "Reading Tae Kim's guide, I've seen the phrase:\n\n> 誰が盗んだのか、誰か知りませんか\n\nWhere (I think) the term 誰か is being used as topic for the verb 知る.\n\nIs that grammatically correct ?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-20T23:03:14.270", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36825", "last_activity_date": "2016-08-20T05:20:37.810", "last_edit_date": "2016-08-20T05:20:37.810", "last_editor_user_id": "11104", "owner_user_id": "16203", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "particles", "subjects" ], "title": "誰か being used as topic, but without topic particle", "view_count": 202 }
[ { "body": "I don't know 誰か is used as topic but 誰か知りませんか? is common and I think that is\ngrammatically correct.\n\nIt is translated as \"Does anyone know ~?\" and your sentence is \"Does anyone\nknow who stole?\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T07:22:18.780", "id": "36836", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T07:55:28.053", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-21T07:55:28.053", "last_editor_user_id": "7320", "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "36825", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Both が and か could be used after 誰. However their functions are different as\nfollows:\n\n 1. が indicates 'sentence subject'. \"誰が盗んだのか\" literally translates to \"About who stole (something)\".\n\n 2. か also indicates 'sentence subject'. However, it has connotation of uncertainty and doubt. \"誰か知りませんか\" literally translates to \"(I am not sure whether somebody could find out who stole it), but does anybody know?\"\n\nOther examples:\n\n> 誰か来たようだ I am not sure who came, but I think somebody came.\n>\n> むこうに誰かいる I am not sure who there is, but I think somebody is there.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T07:50:19.210", "id": "36837", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T07:50:19.210", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "12259", "parent_id": "36825", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 }, { "body": "It's because it's the most straightforward choice.\n\nUsing は would sound as if you are wondering if there's at least one person who\nknows it among people present there, and using が would sound as if you are\nwondering if there's a person in the world who knows it.\n\nIncidentally, the topic of the whole sentence is 誰が盗んだのか, (edit) that's why\nit's not marked with を.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T08:16:05.160", "id": "36840", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T16:01:32.857", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T16:01:32.857", "last_editor_user_id": "4092", "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "36825", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36829", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm writing a manual, and needed to say something to the effect of \"at\nruntime\", as in \"Some program debugging can only be performed (or is more\nefficient or accurate when performed) at runtime.\"\n[(wiki)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_time_\\(program_lifecycle_phase\\))\n\nI instinctively started typing \"ランタイム時に\" before realizing that I am\nessentially saying \"at runtime-time\", or \"at the time of runtime\".\n\nIs \"ランタイム時\" acceptable Japanese? What good alternatives are there in case I\ndon't want to or should not use it?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T00:54:48.450", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36828", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T01:15:40.187", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11830", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "phrase-requests", "word-requests", "programming" ], "title": "Is \"ランタイム時\" (runtime-time) acceptable?", "view_count": 109 }
[ { "body": "ランタイム時に may not be that bad, but feels awkward as you guessed.\n\nAnd Japanese ランタイム as a noun tends to mean \"runtime **library** \" (such as\nJRE, .NET Framework) rather than \"run time\". For example,\n\"Javaランタイムをダウンロードしてインストールしてください\".\n\nThe normal way to say \"at runtime\" in that context would be (プログラム)起動中に, 実行時に,\netc.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T01:09:54.030", "id": "36829", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T01:15:40.187", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-21T01:15:40.187", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36828", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm going through this tae kim's guide lesson about some uses of いう:\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/define>\n\nAnd there is something that I don't understand. In the following sentences:\n\n * 主人公が犯人だったというのが一番面白かった。\n * 日本人はお酒に弱いというのは本当?\n * 独身だというのは、嘘だったの?\n * リブートというのは、パソコンを再起動するということです。\n\nThey always use というの. But if I used just の, would it be incorrect? If not,\nwhat is the difference? are という and というの interchangeable? Also, they don't say\nanything about ということ in this lesson, so would the same rules apply?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T01:14:43.747", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36830", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T12:25:13.270", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "12121", "post_type": "question", "score": 7, "tags": [ "grammar", "relative-clauses" ], "title": "という usage in relative clauses", "view_count": 1129 }
[ { "body": "Adjectival clauses are clauses that modify a noun just as adjectives do.\nAdjectival clauses in Japanese precede the modified nouns. There are 2 kinds\nof adjectival clauses:\n\n * Relative clauses\n\n * Noun complement clauses\n\n# Relative clauses\n\nThe characteristic of relative clauses is the existence of gaps which are the\nmodified nouns.\n\n> The girl [whom I met ______ yesterday] is Jane.\n>\n> 「僕が昨日会った」女性はジェーンです。\n\n# Noun complement clauses\n\nUnlike relative clauses, noun complement clauses have no gaps.\n\n> I got a notification [that my teacher will not come tomorrow] from my\n> friend.\n>\n> 私は、友達から「先生が明日来ない」という知らせを受けた。\n\nClauses obtained by nominalizing the predicate (in the plain form) with こと and\nの can also be regarded as noun complement clauses.\n\n> I know that the teacher will not come.\n>\n> 先生が来ないのは知っています。\n\nHere, という can be added optionally.\n\n> 先生が来ないというのは知っています。\n\n_Note:_ If you think my answer is either wrong or unclear, feel free to edit\nit as many as you want. I have set it to community wiki.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T11:05:12.273", "id": "36845", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T12:25:13.270", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "11192", "parent_id": "36830", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36856", "answer_count": 2, "body": "> 「いや、そこまでは大丈夫」迷いを断ち切るかのように。可愛くも小憎たらしい優の顔から視線を外して断る。\n\nI know that\n\n * the definition of 迷いを断ち切る is\n\n> 心を悩ませることについて考えるのをやめること\n\n * and that かのように is\n\n> 動作や状況を他の何事かに喩える表現\n\n(i.e likening something to something else).\n\nHowever, still don't quite get how 迷いを断ち切るかのように modifies the next sentence.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T06:23:14.237", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36834", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-03T19:26:23.567", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-03T19:26:23.567", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "16210", "post_type": "question", "score": 6, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "Meaning of 迷いを断ち切るかのように", "view_count": 175 }
[ { "body": "Seems like it's modifying the sentence _before_ not after.\n\n> 「いや、そこまでは大丈夫」迷いを断ち切るかのように。\n\n\"No, that is enough\", as if to remove any doubt.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T06:51:03.207", "id": "36835", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T06:51:03.207", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36834", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "迷いを断ち切るかのように as a whole roughly means _determinedly_ or _decidedly_ , and it\nnaturally modifies 断る in the next sentence.\n\n迷いを断ち切る (lit. \"to cut off one's doubt/hesitation\") is a common metaphoric\nphrase which can be used without explicit ように. But we also often see it used\nwith ように to explicitly indicate it's a metaphor. Maybe you can interpret this\npart _literally_ to feel its meaning (i.e., something like \"as if I(?) were\ncutting off my doubt\").", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T15:55:37.493", "id": "36856", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T15:55:37.493", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36834", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36848", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I thought that it was considered rude to say as if we know that someone wants\nsomething. So what would be the proper way in Japanese to ask if they want us\nto do something? Like \"Would you like me to tell you my number?\"\n\nBelow is what I have in mind, please correct me if I'm wrong so I can learn\nfrom it...:\n\n 1. > 先生、私の電話番号を教えたいですか\n\nThis is wrong since we cannot use たい for other people...\n\n 2. > 先生、私の電話番号を教えてほしいですか\n\nThis is wrong since we cannot use 欲しい for other people too...\n\n 3. > A. 先生、私の電話番号を教えられることがいいですか? \n> B. 先生、私の電話番号を教えることがいいですか?\n\nI'm not sure which one is correct or if both are wrong. But even if it is\ncorrect, it would also mean somewhat like \"Teacher, is it okay if I tell you\nmy number?\" and a bit different to \"Teacher, would you like me to tell you my\nnumber?\"...\n\n 4. > 先生、私の電話番号を教えましょうか?\n\nI'm not completely sure, but this should means \"Teacher, should I tell you my\nnumber?\". Although it has a difference nuance from \"Would you **want me** to\ntell you something?\" but it serves a similar purpose. Is this the correct one?\n\n_Additional for information purpose_. Based on Oal's comment, it seems it's\nsafe to use たほうがいい. as in\n\n 5. > 先生、私の電話番号を教えたほうがいいですか?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T07:59:51.447", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36838", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T15:46:04.343", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-21T15:46:04.343", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "13611", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "How to ask someone if they would like us to do something?", "view_count": 2610 }
[ { "body": "The most appropriate way to phrase the question will depend greatly on the\nsituation. It will change with familiarity, social status, and the context of\nthe conversation (i.e. is it a business meeting or are you asking a friend if\nthey want you to give him a lift to a party).\n\nIn general, ~ましょうか/~ようか , your No. 4, can be used without causing offence or\nbeing overly formal.\n\nFor example: お[撮]{と}りしましょうか? ( _lit._ Shall I take (your photo)) would be a\nperfectly acceptable way of asking a stranger if they would like you to take\ntheir photo at a location where that would be an acceptable thing to do. Think\nasking a couple if they'd like you to photograph both of them with their\ncamera at a sightseeing spot.\n\nIn the same way, [手伝]{てつだ}おうか? would be a common response to a friend telling\nyou they were moving house on Sunday. Close to the English, \"Need a hand?\"\n\nFor your specific example, I would probably use No. 4 exactly as you have it,\nor 先生、私の電話番号を教えた方がいいですか? if I wanted to nuance it closer to \"Would it be a\ngood idea if I gave you may number.\"\n\nNo. 1 is wrong, as it would be asking if your teacher wanted to tell you your\nnumber. But note that (again depending on circumstances) ~たい can be used to\nask what someone would like to do themselves.\n\nNo. 3 would be highly unnatural, although 3A is not strictly 'wrong'.\n\nAs oals commented, No. 2 would be acceptable in informal, friendly\nconversation, but shouldn't be used to a teacher.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T12:06:24.320", "id": "36848", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T12:06:24.320", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16217", "parent_id": "36838", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36843", "answer_count": 2, "body": "What is the expression 'compliments to the chef' or 'give my compliments to\nthe chef' in Japanese?\n\nIs there a suitable matching phrase, or something that expresses a similar\nmessage?\n\n(Please answer with as much English and Romaji as possible)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T09:23:04.400", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36841", "last_activity_date": "2019-05-26T14:15:49.800", "last_edit_date": "2019-05-26T14:15:49.800", "last_editor_user_id": "125", "owner_user_id": "14211", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "expressions" ], "title": "How does one say 'my compliments to the chef'?", "view_count": 15524 }
[ { "body": "You haven't given any concrete context, but ご馳走様でした _gochisōsama deshita_ is a\nvery common phrase conveying that it was a very good meal. You can/should use\nthis phrase if you are talking to the chef (or you can say it loudly if you\npass by the kitchen on the way to the counter where you pay after your meal).\nHowever, telling it to the waiting staff, the message is unlikely to get\npassed on to the chef, since it's a very common phrase to thank someone for\nthe meal.\n\nFor more on the meaning of this phrase see\n\n * [About ご[馳走]{ちそう}: two “runs” would give you “a feast”?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/172/1628)\n * [Etymology of ごちそうさまでした](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9622/1628)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T10:49:00.713", "id": "36843", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T10:49:00.713", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "36841", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "ご馳走様でした gochisōsama deshita is a common phrase, but it is more of \"thank you\nfor the meal\" so it may be too general to express your compliment to the chef.\n\nSome type of Japanese eateries have chefs in the front of the restaurant and\nthey may even be serving the dishes to you as they cook. Then you can directly\nsay ご馳走様でした gochisōsama deshita to the chef and maybe add とてもおいしかったです! (\n_totemo oishikatta desu!_ ) that would make the chef give you a smile.\n\nAs you say とてもおいしかったです!to the server, some izakaya-style eateries may convey\nyour message to the entire restaurant by shouting お客様からおいしかったですをいただきました! (\n_okyaku-sama kara oishikatta-desu wo itadakimashita!_ ) then you will know the\nentire restaurant staff know you enjoyed the meal.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-10-31T00:06:35.583", "id": "40509", "last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T00:13:15.810", "last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T00:13:15.810", "last_editor_user_id": "11104", "owner_user_id": "18479", "parent_id": "36841", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36846", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I have been looking into the different types of Japanese (hiragana, katakana,\nkanji, romaji) and am unclear which would be the best choice for a nonfiction\nnovel to be translated into. The original text is in English, with an\noccasional word or phrase from a different language, like Hindi, Cherokee, and\nHebrew. It is around 85,000 words, and is a spirituality/self-help type of\nbook, if either of those points make any sort of difference.\n\nBecause I can't read, write or understand any Japanese, are there other things\nthat would he helpful for me to know in overseeing this translation process?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T10:41:33.577", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36842", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T11:08:41.323", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16215", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "english-to-japanese" ], "title": "What kind of Japanese is used for a nonfiction book translation?", "view_count": 193 }
[ { "body": "I think you have a basic misunderstanding about how Japanese is written. What\nyou listed are not \"types of Japanese\", but several writing systems used in\ncombination to serve different purposes within written Japanese (with the\nexception of romaji, which is not commonly used in written Japanese). A\ntypical Japanese sentence can contain all three scripts (kanji, hiragana, and\nkatakana).\n\n> 彼はアメリカ人です。\n\n彼、人: kanji\n\nは、です: hiragana\n\nアメリカ: katakana\n\nSo ultimately, your question is based on a false premise. There is no other\npractical type of Japanese that your non-fiction book could be translated to\nother than standard written Japanese.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T11:08:41.323", "id": "36846", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T11:08:41.323", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "36842", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I know the safest pronoun to use in Japanese is always 私, but I like the sound\nof 僕 and want to know if it would be odd or stupid sounding for me to use it?\nI'm a teenage girl and a foreigner(obviously). If used only with friends\ncasually, is it weird? I've seen this on the web before but opinions seem very\nmixed, and a lot is 5+ years old(it seems in my results it least) so I mostly\njust want opinions. Thanks for answering!", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T10:59:06.267", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36844", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T13:27:15.167", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16216", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "word-choice" ], "title": "Could I use 僕 to refer to myself?", "view_count": 292 }
[ { "body": "Basically, 僕 is for boys. If you didn't know this, don't use 僕.\n\nHowever, according to one recent survey, 1.2% of female middle school students\nactually use 僕\n([source](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%AF%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3#.E3.83.9C.E3.82.AF.E5.B0.91.E5.A5.B3.E3.81.A8.E7.8F.BE.E5.AE.9F)).\nAbout 20 years ago when I was a middle school student, there was one (and only\none) girl around me who was using 僕 on a daily basis for some reason. After\nthat, I've met a few people who have gender dysphoria and are using 僕 (or 俺)\ndespite their feminine appearance.\n\nI'd recommend that you do _not_ use 僕 unless you are very fluent in Japanese\nand know what you're really going to do. It is true that a few native female\nteenagers (in the real world) use 僕 quite naturally, but a foreign teenager\ngirl using 僕 would almost certainly sound simply \"incorrect.\"\n\nIn fiction, female users of 僕 are not so uncommon, and it's considered as one\nof the ways to characterize a person. [This\npage](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%AF%E3%81%A3%E5%A8%98) has a long\nlist of female characters who use 僕 in fiction. Many (but not all) of them are\nboyish, tomboyish, naive, or have some other outstanding characteristics.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T13:27:15.167", "id": "36851", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T13:27:15.167", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36844", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36849", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Here is the sentence said by an old man who got only one eye visible.\n\n教官先生...わしの目を見てくだせえ たった一つっ **きりねえ** がなまじの肉親以上に本人のためを思っているこの目を!\n\nIn my opinion, he probably talked about his only visible one eye. If it means\n'not only', I still have no idea how to use it in my translation below.\n\nIs it a predicate to the noun 「たった一つ」?\n\nIf I'm correct, can I translate it like this,\n\nTeachers, please look at my eye, I myself use it to looking for being more\nthan his real parent regardless that I have only visible one left.\n\nP.S. I translate the word 「なまじ」 as \"regardless or thoughtlessly\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T12:04:48.200", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36847", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T13:06:42.183", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9559", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation", "words", "manga" ], "title": "What does the word 「きりねえ」mean in this sentence?", "view_count": 182 }
[ { "body": "It's obvious that it means \"I have only one\" here though it's technically a\nnonsensical phrase that mixes たった ひとつ きり(だが)with たった ひとつ きり しか ない. (きり is\nequivalent to だけ.)\n\nなまじ means \"half-way\" or \"not thoroughly\".\n\n * 本人の為を思っているこの目: this eye that thinks of his own benefit\n * なまじの肉親以上に: more than his mere real parents\n * たったひとつっきりないが * : though it's only one", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T13:06:42.183", "id": "36849", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T13:06:42.183", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "36847", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36853", "answer_count": 3, "body": "In 大辞林, the definition of _さまよえる_ as in _さまよえるオランダ人_ is\n\n> あてもなくさまよっている。\n\nwhile the (primary) definition of _さまよう_ is\n\n> 当てもなく、あるいは目指す所が見つからずにあちこち歩き回る。\n\nWhat's the difference between the two words, and other similar pairs such as\n_狂える_ as in _狂えるオルランド_ and _狂う_?\n\nIs it related to the use of 可能動詞, e.g. _笑える_ 、 _泣ける_ , for involuntary\nactions?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T13:10:38.040", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36850", "last_activity_date": "2018-11-16T19:46:33.653", "last_edit_date": "2018-11-16T19:46:33.653", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5346", "post_type": "question", "score": 7, "tags": [ "meaning", "word-choice", "etymology", "auxiliaries" ], "title": "Difference between 「彷徨う」 and 「彷徨える」、「狂う」 and 「狂える」 etc", "view_count": 403 }
[ { "body": "* **[彷徨]{さまよ}[へ]{え}** : the 命令形 (imperative form) of [さまよふ](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%95%E3%81%BE%E3%82%88%E3%81%B5), which is the archaic version of さまよう\n * **[狂]{くる}[へ]{え}** : the 命令形 of [くるふ](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E7%8B%82%E3%81%B5), the archaic version of 狂う\n * **る** : the 連体形 ([attributive form](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive_verb#Japanese)) of [り](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%8A), which is an archaic auxiliary verb similar in purpose to た/だ (perfective) or ている/でいる in modern Japanese. It takes the \"imperative\" form for whatever reason.\n\nSo さまよえるオランダ人 is just the archaic version of さまよっているオランダ人, and 狂えるオルランド is the\narchaic version of 狂ったオルランド or 狂っているオルランド. The archaic languages are used for\naesthetic purposes.\n\nAnother example:\n\n * 眠れ **る** 森の美女 _Sleeping Beauty_", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T14:08:07.233", "id": "36853", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T06:03:56.907", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T06:03:56.907", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36850", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "彷徨ふ(文語) 彷徨える(口語) って対応関係でしょう。これといっしょかと。 <https://mainichi-\nkotoba.jp/photo-20161128>", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2018-11-16T05:30:31.633", "id": "62868", "last_activity_date": "2018-11-16T05:30:31.633", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "31950", "parent_id": "36850", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 }, { "body": "Since I'm an etymology geek, and I enjoy diving into the history of where\nthings come from, I add this as an addendum to naruto's explanation.\n\nTranslated from Shogakukan's monolingual 大国語辞典【だいこくごじてん】:\n\n> * -り: \n> Verb ending / suffix. Classed as a 助動詞【じょどうし】 (auxiliary verb). \n> Developed from fusion of classical あり with the preceding verb stem.\n> 1. Indicates continuation or progression of the action of the main verb.\n> Equivalent to modern -ている・-てある.\n> 2. Indicates ongoing state as a result of the action of the main verb.\n> Equivalent to modern -た・-ている・-てある.\n> 3. Indicates a sense of confirming that the action of the main verb has\n> completed.\n>\n\nFor conjugation purposes, this -り was previously analyzed as attaching to the\n已然形【いぜんけい】 (realis) stem of regular 四段活用【よだんかつよう】 (quadrigrade conjugation)\nverbs, the _-e_ ending corresponding to the modern 仮定形【かていけい】 (hypothetical or\nconditional), or to the 未然形【みぜんけい】 (irrealis or incomplete form) of the\nirregular \"s\" verbs (such as modern する), which also ended in _-e_.\n\nHowever, further research into ancient kana usage\n([上代特殊仮名遣い](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%BB%A3%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%81%A3),\nor in English, [\"ancient special kana\nusage\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Ddai_Tokushu_Kanazukai)) revealed\nthat there were two kinds of _-e_ vowels, called 甲類【こうるい】 and 乙類【おつるい】 in\nJapanese and usually subscripted as \"1\" and \"2\" in English. It was also\nrevealed that the -り ending attached to the 甲類 version of _-e_ , that is, the\nverb stem ending in _-e 1_, which is the 命令形【めいれいけい】 or imperative form,\nrather than the 已然形【いぜんけい】 or realis that ended in _-e 2_ in Old Japanese.\n\nStill further research into [the vowel values of Old\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Japanese#Vowels) (OJP) suggests\nthat these two \"flavors\" of the _e_ vowel may have arisen through the fusion\nof earlier vowel sounds, much as we see even in modern Japanese in words like\n_takai_ or _sugoi_ becoming _takē_ or _sugē_ in informal speech.\n\nFrom this, and from oddities in how the -り ending attached to different verb\nclasses (such as the \"s\" class, or 上一段【かみいちだん】 (upper monograde) verbs with\n\"k\" stems, where the 命令形 ending is _-kiyo_ , but the stem becomes _-ke_ before\n-り), the growing consensus view appears to be that this -り is really just あり\nattaching to the normal 連用形【れんようけい】 or conjoining form. For most verb classes,\nthis ends in _-i_ , and this then combined with the _a-_ in あり as a kind of\ncontraction, something like:\n\n * _-i ari_ → _-yari_ → _-yeri_ → OJP _-e 1ri_ → classical _-eri_\n\nSo in classical and modern Japanese, the conjugation to use the -り ending\nseems very irregular: attaching to the imperative for _yodan_ verbs, the\nirrealis for \"s\" verbs, and a completely irregular _-ke_ ending for _kami\nichdan_ verbs. But if you dig back, it turns out it might actually be very\nregular indeed, with just a couple millenia of contraction obscuring the\norigins.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2018-11-16T19:45:55.540", "id": "62875", "last_activity_date": "2018-11-16T19:45:55.540", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "36850", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36854", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm trying to say \"I drew an original character in the NEWGAME! style\"\n\n> 俺はオリギナル、カラクターを描いたNEWGAME!みたい\n\nThat is the way I formulated my sentence but it seems off; can someone help?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T13:40:27.970", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36852", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T14:37:25.970", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-21T13:44:41.463", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "12443", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "past" ], "title": "Expressing 'likeness' and using ku Verbs in the past tense", "view_count": 77 }
[ { "body": "First, fix some typo: オリギナル →\n[オリジナル](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB),\nカラクター →\n[キャラクター](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC).\nAnd you don't need a comma between them.\n\nSecond, you are using ~みたい incorrectly. `noun + みたい` acts and conjugates like\na [na-adjective](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives), and\nadjectives always comes _before_ the modified noun.\n\nAfter fixing these, you get:\n\n> 俺はNEW GAME!みたいなオリジナルキャラクターを描いた。\n\nTo translate your sentence more literally, \"in the art style of ~\" can be\nrendered to ~の絵柄【えがら】で.\n\n> 俺はNEW GAME!の絵柄でオリジナルキャラクターを描いた。\n\nAdditionally, you may need the polite form (描きました) instead, depending on where\nyou are going to post this.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T14:37:25.970", "id": "36854", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T14:37:25.970", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36852", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'd like to know if 「だ」(or maybe even 「です」, though I somehow doubt it)\nshould/shouldn't or can/cannot be used in a sentence I met in one textbook.\nThe phrase was:\n\n> * 東京大学は日本で一番大きい大学と言われている。\n>\n\nthat translates into something like \"They say Todai is the biggest university\nin Japan\", no problems here. But by some reason I feel like the phrase lacks\n「だ」 between 「大学」 and 「と」, so it would look like:\n\n> * 東京大学は日本で一番大きい大学 **だ** と言われている。\n>\n\nAm I right or not? Or maybe both variations are possible? Is there any\ndifference? Is the variant with 「です」 possible (I think not, but still... would\nlike to be confident)? Thanks!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T15:45:39.947", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36855", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T22:21:15.453", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-21T22:21:15.453", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "16221", "post_type": "question", "score": 9, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Should 「だ」 be used or not?", "view_count": 145 }
[ { "body": "I think in cases like [noun]+と言われてる the ”だ” before the と is optional, however\nto me including it sounds a little more natural and complete.\n\nHowever, saying ”〜大学 **です** と言われてる\" would be pretty awkward in this type of\ncontext, regardless of whether you were speaking polite language (と言われています) or\nnot.\n\nです could be used in a case where you want to emphasize someone used polite\nlanguage when you directly are quoting them, i.e.\n\n```\n\n お店に入ったら「今日はお休みです」と言われました。\n \n```\n\nIn the original sentence, the part before the と isn't really a direct quote\nfrom anyone. It's like saying in English \"This school is said to be very\nexpensive\", where no one person specifically said that phrase.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T16:20:52.660", "id": "36857", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T16:20:52.660", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11825", "parent_id": "36855", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36870", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm trying to determine natural way(s) to express how certain Chess moves will\nbe advantageous or disadvantageous in a certain position.\n\n> In this position, if you exchange your queen with your opponents rook,\n> you'll be at a disadvantage.\n\nThis is my best guess at how to express this:\n\n> この局面ではクイーンと相手のルークを交換したら損するよ。\n\nOther things I can think of are\n\n> 〜しないほうがいい \n> 〜得はしない \n> 〜立場が悪くなる \n> 〜困る\n\nIf anyone knows of how I can express getting into a \"bad situation\" or \"a\nloss\" in this context, I'd appreciate it. Other words I might be able to use\nare 有利 or 不利.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T16:44:19.360", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36858", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T21:12:26.203", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-21T17:23:48.393", "last_editor_user_id": "11825", "owner_user_id": "11825", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "translation", "word-choice" ], "title": "Describing bad Chess moves in Japanese", "view_count": 169 }
[ { "body": "The expressions you listed all seem fine to me. But there are other\nexpressions that can be used, with different nuances. These are used mainly\nfor shogi moves, but I believe you can use them also for chess.\n\nUsing jargon, in the order of severity:\n\n * ~は大【だい】悪手【あくしゅ】だ\n * ~は悪手【あくしゅ】だ\n * ~は疑問手【ぎもんしゅ】だ\n * ~は緩手【かんしゅ】だ\n\nMore vaguely:\n\n * ~は味が悪い\n * ~はよくない\n * ~は苦しい/~は(後で)苦しくなる\n * ~は緩い\n * ~はぬるい", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T01:49:03.310", "id": "36870", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T21:12:26.203", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T21:12:26.203", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36858", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36865", "answer_count": 3, "body": "Someone is trying to open a safe, a briefcase, or padlock, and that person\nsays, \"What's the **combination**?\". Referring to sequence of numbers to open\nsaid lock. What's the Japanese equivalent for **combination** when used in\nthis way?\n\nEDIT: Someone put this as an answer earlier then deleted it:\n\n> 組{くみ}み合{あ}わせが何ですか?\n\nWas this wrong?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T17:39:00.953", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36859", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-25T07:49:08.737", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T13:02:41.407", "last_editor_user_id": "16223", "owner_user_id": "16223", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "word-choice", "words", "word-requests" ], "title": "How you would say combination in Japanese?", "view_count": 1139 }
[ { "body": "How about [番号{ばんごう}](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/3336119.html)? as in 暗証番号", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T19:02:35.850", "id": "36862", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T19:02:35.850", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3916", "parent_id": "36859", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "[暗証番号]{あんしょうばんごう} is the appropriate word for those cases. \nThe same word is used for bank account PINs and ten-key door lock pass codes\nas well.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T23:05:26.607", "id": "36865", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-21T23:05:26.607", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16217", "parent_id": "36859", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 }, { "body": "組み合わせ is combination/ grouping. Literal meaning:\n\n * 組み group\n * 合わせ match/ matching\n\nThis is unfortunately not proper for padlock. It would give an entire whole\ndifferent meaning if you are asking for matching padlock (in terms of shape,\ncolor, etc. to other padlock/ item that makes the original padlock looks\nbetter)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-25T07:49:08.737", "id": "36964", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-25T07:49:08.737", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16268", "parent_id": "36859", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36882", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> I like cats rather than dogs \n> 犬 **より** 猫が好き \n> 犬 **よりも** 猫が好き \n> 犬 **というより** 猫が好き\n\nWhich, if any, of the above are correct and what is the difference between\nthem?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T20:19:54.693", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36863", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T07:14:36.467", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "post_type": "question", "score": 7, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-より" ], "title": "Ways to say 'rather than'", "view_count": 1110 }
[ { "body": "> 1. 犬より猫が好き\n> 2. 犬よりも猫が好き\n> 3. 犬というより猫が好き\n> 4. 犬ではなく猫が好き\n>\n\nThese are all grammatical.\n\nSentences 1 and 2 sound almost the same to me, but the latter may be slightly\nmore emphatic. They mean \"I like cats more than dogs.\" When the speaker likes\nboth dogs and cats, but has to tell which he likes more, these are the natural\nchoices.\n\nSentence 4 means \"I like cats, but not dogs.\"\n\nSentence 3 is semantically closer to Sentence 4, but sounds much milder and\neuphemistic. It sounds as if he were saying \"I don't _particularly_ like dogs,\nbut I like cats.\"\n\nSo I think Sentence 3 is the one that is closest to \"I like cats rather than\ndogs.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T07:14:36.467", "id": "36882", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T07:14:36.467", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36863", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "This might be a lot to ask for one post, I apologize if it is.\n\nSo I'm translating a sentence. I want to make sure I fully understand the\nnuance and that I don't make any assumptions. I'm not trying to translate it\ninto \"perfect\" or \"eloquent\" English, just to where I can fully grasp the\ngrammar.\n\nHere's the sentence in question:\n\n> もうそんな寒さかと島村は外を眺めると、鉄道の官舎らしいバラックが山裾に寒々と散らばっているだけで、 雪の色はそこまで行かぬうちに闇に呑まれていた。\n\nAnd what I've translated it to:\n\n> When \"was it already that cold?\"-thinking Shimamura gazed outside, (she saw)\n> railroad residence-looking barracks just bleakly scattered at the base of\n> the mountain(s), and before the snowy hues could fall there, (they were)\n> swallowed in darkness.\n\n* * *\n\n**First:** I'm using a thought as an attribute, is this the wrong way to\npicture it? There is most likely a verb omitted after the と, likely 思う, and\nit's obvious by the context that Shimamura is thinking something. In English\nthis would be translated to \"Shimamura, thinking X,\" as putting an attribute\nin front of a name or a _specific_ animate noun is degrading.\n\nBut take the sentence: あのネズミを食べたネコはあそこにいる。\n\n> The cat that ate the mouse is over there. The _that_ mouse-eating cat. . .\n\nNow if we alter the sentence: ネズミと思っているネコはあそこにいる。\n\n> The cat thinking \"mouse\" is over there. The \"mouse\"-thinking cat. . .\n\nFrom how I see it, the attribute in front is more accurate for literal\ntranslation, because its more consistent when the noun becomes plural or\ninanimate as opposed to how English restructures the sentence (the mice-eating\ncats, the \"mouse\"-thinking cats). So I ask:\n\n * Is this accurate in terms of **literal** translation?\n * How is it thought of to native speakers? Is it degrading as it is in English?\n * If I'm wrong, how would a thought as an attribute be structured?\n\n**Second:** For だけ, does this have similar nuance as in English? As in\nemphasis? Or is it more strict, closer to saying 'at best'?\n\n**And Lastly:** For the transition into the last clause, the word _and_ feels\na little incorrect, and words I might use were I writing a similar sentence in\nEnglish like _but_ or _where_ add nuance I don't think was intended.\n\nSo I'm thinking I should simply imagine the connection as being much more\nabstract, saying simply \"This clause, and the following clause are\nintertwined,\" rather than implying a subset of transition words in English;\nwhich means this is somewhere translation might get muddied.\n\nAm I wrong to assume this?\n\n* * *\n\nThat's pretty much all the things I'm unsure about off the top of my head. If\nthere's anything else I might be wrong on please bring it up.\n\nI'd also love to hear any perspectives. I'd appreciate any response, thanks!\n\nEdit: Made the first question a bit more clear and added detail to better\nexplain what I'm asking.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-21T21:04:54.973", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36864", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T16:47:57.287", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T16:47:57.287", "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "nuances" ], "title": "Nuance questions about the literal translation of a sentence", "view_count": 343 }
[ { "body": "### First Question\n\nThat part is usually translated as \"When Shimamura gazed outside, thinking\nもうそんな寒さか, ...\". See: [verb+ようにと、 or\nverb+かと、](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21680/5010)\n\nThis pattern is super common. In this construction, I feel some verb (感じて,\n思って, 願って, 言って, etc) is omitted after と.\n\n### Second Question\n\nSimply, that だけ was used to mean there were _only_ barracks in sight. Note\nthat this だけ is attached to 散らばっている, not 寒々と.\n\n### Last Question\n\nI feel simple \"and\" is just fine here. The middle part essentially says \"He\ncould see only barracks\", and the last part essentially says \"He could not see\nthe color of snow around the barracks\". They can be safely and simply\nconnected with \"and\", and there is no reason to use \"but\" here.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T06:43:14.673", "id": "36881", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T06:43:14.673", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36864", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36867", "answer_count": 2, "body": "Last night, I wanted to tell a Japanese person that a famous singer was\nhomosexual. And, I wanted to say it in a respectful way. The only words I knew\nwere オカマ and ホモ. Both make me cringe. It sounds like derogatory / harsh\nslang???\n\nNow, she didn't think オカマ sounded bad, but... she is from Shikoku, Japan's\nanalog to Alabama? In Tokyo, オカマ is not acceptable, right?\n\nAnyway, in a daily conversation with educated adults, what is a way to say\n\"homosexual\" that is no different in connotation than saying someone is\n\"tall\", \"smart\", \"creative\", etc?\n\nbtw: We were talking about Queen's performance for LIVE AID 30 years ago this\nweek in Wembley Stadium. Every critic agrees that was the best live\nperformance, _ever_. It's on youtube to see.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T00:02:55.987", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36866", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T02:45:23.383", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15778", "post_type": "question", "score": 7, "tags": [ "word-choice" ], "title": "What is a respectful way to say \"homosexual (man)\"?", "view_count": 3019 }
[ { "body": "I think the most neutral term for a third-person is 同性愛者{どうせいあいしゃ}.\n\nIf you're looking for a little less formal-sounding word ゲイ or ホモセクシュアル will\nalso convey the idea.\n\n<http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%84%9B%E8%80%85>", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T00:12:28.317", "id": "36867", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T01:53:13.433", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T01:53:13.433", "last_editor_user_id": "7055", "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36866", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "They use ニューハーフ (new-half) here all the time for men that act like women, not\nsure if it works the other way around. I also hear ゲイの人 a lot.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T02:45:23.383", "id": "36872", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T02:45:23.383", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16227", "parent_id": "36866", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36871", "answer_count": 1, "body": "**仁義【じんぎ】** and **正義【せいぎ】** both involve justice but 仁義【じんぎ】 says \"justice and\nhumanity\" while [正義]{せいぎ} is only \"justice\". I've always believed that 仁義【じんぎ】\nwas \"moral justice\" while 正義【せいぎ】 is \"lawful justice\". So, what's the\ndifference?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T01:17:21.973", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36869", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T05:45:35.980", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T05:45:35.980", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "16147", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "word-choice", "synonyms" ], "title": "Comparision between 仁義 and 正義", "view_count": 129 }
[ { "body": "I think you may be confusing the meaning of 義 a little bit.\n\nThe common meaning between 仁義 and 正義 is \" _morality_ \" (as in following one's\nobligations), rather than \"justice\".\n\nThere are a number of differences:\n\n## 仁義\n\n * Used to refer to two of the Confucian moral ideals, 仁 and 義 in one word \n * The moral compunction to protect others from harm \n * Social obligations to others\n * Righteous action based on kindness, compassion and empathy\n\n## 正義\n\n * The correct way to conduct oneself \n * Justice, fairness\n * The correct interpretation/meaning (of what is right)\n\nThe word 正義 is almost always used to translate the philosophical concept of\n\"justice\", especially from Western sources. 仁義 on the other hand, has strong\nConfucian overtones.\n\nI think you could express these ideas more compactly this way:\n\n> * **仁** 義 - **Compassion** -based Morality \n> (The obligation to do what is _kind_ )\n> * **正** 義 - **Truth** -based Morality \n> (The obligation to do what is _correct_ )\n>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T01:51:19.753", "id": "36871", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T02:03:10.140", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T02:03:10.140", "last_editor_user_id": "7055", "owner_user_id": "7055", "parent_id": "36869", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36874", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Bit of a niche question specific (mostly) to words. I'm currently living in\nJapan and I'm a fan of mixed martial arts (MMA / UFC), watching and training.\nThere are a couple of Japanese people I live with that have similar interests\nand as I find it hard to find common ground to chat this would be the perfect\nsubject, though I can't seem to find any of the terminology to use in\nJapanese. All I've found is a list of Karate terminology which talking to my\nfriend here nearly all exclusive to Karate and not MMA.\n\nDoes anyone know of any resources or can share with me words for common\nfighting terminology? For things like foot-work, block, jab, etc. Thanks!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T03:19:55.993", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36873", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T04:59:06.820", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9249", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "words", "sports" ], "title": "What are the Japanese words for MMA terminology?", "view_count": 1492 }
[ { "body": "These are examples about them.\n\n総合格闘技(MMA), パンチ(punch), けり(kick), 立ち技 and 打撃(punch and kick), 寝技(ground\nfighting), 関節技(locking technique), 落ちる(faint).\n\nIf you want to know about them more. This link help you.\n<http://seesaawiki.jp/w/hakoyanagi/>", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T04:42:13.990", "id": "36874", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T04:59:06.820", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T04:59:06.820", "last_editor_user_id": "7320", "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "36873", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "According to this website (<http://www.jlptsensei.com/grammar-lesson/kotoka/>)\n\"ことか is used to place strong emphasis on something.\" This is the only\nexplanation I could find. I was wondering if that is a common expression and\nin what context would you use it? Thank you.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T05:22:51.167", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36877", "last_activity_date": "2019-10-09T09:26:17.083", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16229", "post_type": "question", "score": 8, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "ことか to place strong emphasis on something?", "view_count": 907 }
[ { "body": "> 1. なんということか! \n> What the hell (is this) !\n> 2. ずっと一緒だった仲間が別れなければならないのは、なんと残念なことか。 \n> Having to say farewell to friends that were always with you is so sad. \n> ([Source](http://jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kotoka))\n>\n\n> 3. コンピューターは、なんと便利なことか。 \n> Computer is such a convenient thing. \n> ([Source](http://for2kyu.blogspot.com/2009/04/159.html))\n>\n\nAs I know. ことか is a 2kyuu grammar. It is used to express your feeling\nabout....", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T06:36:05.393", "id": "36880", "last_activity_date": "2019-10-09T09:26:17.083", "last_edit_date": "2019-10-09T09:26:17.083", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "16230", "parent_id": "36877", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "The ことか is used in an exclamatory sentence (感嘆文) , usually preceded by an\ninterrogative word such as どんなに, どれほど, なんと, 何度 etc.\n\nExamples:\n\n> * **どんなに** うれしい **ことか** ! (≂ どんなにうれしいだろう!) \n> How happy I would be!\n> * **なんと** 美しい **ことか** ! (≂ なんと美しいのだろう! / なんて美しいんだろう!) \n> How beautiful it is!\n> * **何度** 失敗した **ことか** ! (≂ 何度失敗しただろう!) \n> (I have no idea) How many times I have failed!\n>\n\n(「~~ことか!」 sounds a bit more literary than 「~~だろう!」)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T08:29:05.960", "id": "36883", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T08:48:46.527", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T08:48:46.527", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "36877", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36879", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Can someone **check** and **explain the difference** , along with **literal\ntranslations** , between these two sentences for me?\n\nかわいいのは私です and かわいいの私です.\n\nI got the former as an answer to one of my questions and came up with the\nlatter after reading an article about no-adjectives. I believe they both mean\nthe same thing, but I'm not too sure because of the は particle and when given\nmore context.\n\nThanks!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T06:00:30.737", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36878", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T06:11:33.613", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16115", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "word-choice", "nuances", "syntax" ], "title": "Difference between かわいいのは私です and かわいいの私です?", "view_count": 204 }
[ { "body": "The former, かわいいのは私です is correct, and means \"It is me who is cute.\" It's a\n_cleft sentence_ made from a very simple sentence 私はかわいいです (\"I am cute\"). See\n[this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010) for details\nabout cleft sentences. This の functions as a \"placeholder\", like _it_ in \"\n_It_ is me who is cute.\"\n\nかわいい is a typical **_i_ -adjective**, and it doesn't work as a no-adjective or\na noun. かわいいの私です doesn't make sense.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T06:11:33.613", "id": "36879", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T06:11:33.613", "last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "36878", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36887", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Could anyone explain the difference in the meaning of word white written using\nfollowing kanji or Kana?\n\n 1. 白い,\n 2. しろ,\n 3. しろい.\n\nThanks!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T09:09:16.490", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36884", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T13:39:42.697", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T12:15:39.283", "last_editor_user_id": "12088", "owner_user_id": "12088", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "translation", "word-choice", "meaning", "syntax" ], "title": "Usage of word white in context and alone", "view_count": 87 }
[ { "body": "There is no difference in meaning between 白い and しろい. Both are an adjective\nthat can be used attributively and predicatively as in:\n\n> 白い花 White flower\n>\n> 肌が白い Skin is white.\n\nYou can read the [Wikipedia article on Japanese writing\nsystem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system) to understand\nwhich one to use in writing. Basically, kana is used when there is no\ncorresponding kanji.\n\n[白 and しろ](http://jisho.org/search/shiro) are a noun.\n\n> 白を着る Wear a white (clothes)\n\nIt can be used as a noun modifier before another noun, for example:\n\n> 白シャツ White shirt", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T12:16:53.270", "id": "36887", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T13:39:42.697", "last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "12259", "parent_id": "36884", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36889", "answer_count": 1, "body": "When i see Hiragana/Katakana Charts i see them always take a form similar to\nthis\n\n[![hiragana\nchart](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iTfQX.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iTfQX.png)\n\ni see a logical pattern here (except for ん but it's a one off). i am wondering\nis there a particular name for the rows and columns of the hiragana/katakana\ncharts? ie. row = あ, か, さ etc, column = か, き, く etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T12:16:08.760", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36886", "last_activity_date": "2021-01-14T20:24:29.013", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3311", "post_type": "question", "score": 13, "tags": [ "katakana", "hiragana", "terminology" ], "title": "Is there a particular name for the rows and columns of the hiragana/katakana charts?", "view_count": 7893 }
[ { "body": "The columns (or rows) that have the same initial consonant are labeled as the\nfirst item in that column (consonant + a) followed by [行]{ぎょう}. Examples of\nsuch are あ行, か行, さ行, た行, etc.\n\nThe rows (or columns) that have the same vowel sound are labeled with that\nvowel in hiragana (あ, い, う, え, or お) followed by [段]{だん}. Thus, the five rows\nare labeled as あ段, い段, う段, え段, and お段.\n\nOne exception for both of these is ん; it's just its own thing.\n\nThe chart on [this Wiki\npage](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D) illustrates\nbetter what I'm talking about.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T13:46:10.097", "id": "36889", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T15:20:49.067", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T15:20:49.067", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "9749", "parent_id": "36886", "post_type": "answer", "score": 18 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36891", "answer_count": 3, "body": "My first question is, are counters always required when counting things? Can't\nI just slap a number in front of the noun? For example,「いちりんご」for one apple?\n\nSecondly, in Lesson 5 of the Japanese For Busy People I textbook, there is\nthis sentence structure with no grammatical explanation:\n\n> thing を numeral (or numeral and counter) ください。\n\nSince it gives no explanation, is this a valid sentence structure, like XはYです\nand noun 1 の noun 2? Can someone explain this sentence structure to me? Why\ndoes **numeral (or numeral and counter)** come after the particle を? If it is\npart of the \"thing\", why is it not on the other side?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T15:33:34.197", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36890", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-26T01:29:30.833", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-26T01:15:56.237", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "16115", "post_type": "question", "score": 8, "tags": [ "grammar", "syntax", "particle-を", "counters", "numbers" ], "title": "Structure: thing を numeral (or numeral and counter) ください", "view_count": 2387 }
[ { "body": "1. The following Wikipedia article on [Japanese counter word](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_counter_word) explains well about how the counter words or counters (josūshi 助数詞) work in Japanese.\n\n> In Japanese, as in Chinese and Korean, numerals cannot quantify nouns by\n> themselves (except, in certain cases, for the numbers from one to ten; see\n> below). For example, to express the idea \"two dogs\" in Japanese one could\n> say 二匹の犬 ni-hiki no inu (literally \"two small-animal-count POSSESSIVE dog\"),\n> or 犬二匹 inu ni-hiki (literally \"dog two small-animal-count\"), but just\n> pasting 二 and 犬 together in either order is wrong.\n\nTherefore, you have to use _リンゴ一つ_ or _一つのリンゴ_ to express _one apple_.\n\n 2. \"リンゴをください\" means \"Please give me an apple\". This sentence doesn't specify how many applies you want. If you want to specify it, you have to insert the counter between リンゴを and ください as in \"リンゴを **一つ** ください.\" which means \"Please give me **one** apple.\"\n\nThe link further explains:\n\n> Grammatically, counter words can appear either before or after the noun they\n> count. They generally occur after the noun (following particles), and if\n> used before the noun, they emphasize the quantity; this is a common mistake\n> for English learners of Japanese. For example, to say \"[I] drank two bottles\n> of beer\", the order is ビールを二本飲んだ bīru o nihon nonda (lit. \"beer OBJECT two-\n> long-thin-count drank\"). In contrast, 二本のビールを飲んだ nihon no bīru o nonda (lit.\n> \"two-long-thin-count POSSESSIVE beer OBJECT drank\") would only be\n> appropriate when emphasizing the number as in responding with \"[I] drank two\n> bottles of beer\" to \"How many beers did you drink?\".", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T15:57:32.763", "id": "36891", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-26T01:29:30.833", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-26T01:29:30.833", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "12259", "parent_id": "36890", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 }, { "body": "Without using counters, in general, you can't make it sure if it's trying to\nexpress natural numbers or ordinal ones.\n\nりんごを 一つ ください is valid because 一つ is an adverb here.\n\nリンゴ一つを ください is also valid because リンゴ一つ is a compound noun this time.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T16:27:00.690", "id": "36893", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T16:27:00.690", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "36890", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "Think like this:\n\nAll nouns in Japanese are uncountable. You can't count apples any more than\nyou count water or light. Thus under Japanese grammar you always have to say\n\"two 'objects' of apple\", \"four 'sticks' of banana\" and \"seven 'bodies' of\ndog\", as if they are \"two bottles of water\" or \"four rays of light\" etc.\n\n> りんご **一つ/一個** _an object of apple = an apple (fruit)_ \n> りんご **一山** _a lot/pile of apples_ \n> りんご **一年分** _a year's worth of apples_ \n> りんご **一本** _a stick of apple = an appletree_\n\nThe only exception is a few words represent shapes, (abstract) groupings, unit\nof measure etc. that could be used as counter words as well.\n\n> 三試合 _three matches/games_ \n> 十世帯 _ten households_ \n> 三十メートル _thirty meters_\n\n* * *\n\n> _Why is the **numeral(or numeral and counter)** after the particle を? If it\n> is part of the **thing** , why is it not on the other side?_\n\nBecause they are adverbs, unlike English, where numerals are used like\nadjectives. We prefer saying \"give me apples in three\" or \"kids are playing in\nthree\", instead of \"give me three apples\" or \"three kids are playing\". They\ncan basically appear **anywhere after the base word and before the verb** (but\ncan be restricted by context, such as nesting or other countable words).\n\n> ペンを **三本** ください。 \n> ペンが **三本** あります。 \n> ペンが机の上に **三本** あります。 \n> ペンを **二本** は太郎くんと次郎くんに、花子さんには **三本** あげてください。\n\n`[numeral] の [noun]` type of expression does exist too, but it only sounds\nnatural in some limited settings. Generally, it's able to be translated as \"\n_the_ [numeral] [noun]s\" such as:\n\n> 三匹の子ぶた _The Three Little Pigs_\n\nBut in many cases when this expression would be valid, you'd only see a\nnumeral (and counter) alone rather than its full form, because in such cases\nthe base word is very likely to be stated already, thus simply omitted for\nthat time.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-23T08:50:40.113", "id": "36918", "last_activity_date": "2019-09-10T02:52:06.100", "last_edit_date": "2019-09-10T02:52:06.100", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "36890", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "In the Human Japanese app, it says that chi and tsu become ji and zu\nrespectively, while on Wikipedia it says that most commonly, they become shi\nand su.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T16:07:08.057", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36892", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T18:26:10.243", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15761", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "hiragana" ], "title": "Hiragana: How does dakuten affect chi and tsu?", "view_count": 17272 }
[ { "body": "Imagine the dakuten as a mark that transforms unvoiced phonemes (sounds that\nmake up a language) to voiced phonemes. A quick-and-dirty way to tell whether\na phoneme is voiced is checking whether making that sound makes you use your\nvocal cords or not. For example か (ka) is unvoiced, が (ga) is voiced. と (to)\nis unvoiced, ど (do) is voiced. You're making the same formation in your mouth\nto produce the sound, but the voiced one uses your vocal cords. This should\nhold true for EVERY pair of characters with and without dakuten.\n\nSo it holds true to adding dakuten to ち (chi) and つ (tsu). The issue arises\nbecause the characters resulting from adding a dakuten to \"chi\" and \"tsu,\" (ぢ\nand づ respectively) are much more difficult to approximate with English\nphonemes. Try saying ち or つ while using your vocal cords and you'll get\nsomething like \"dji\" and \"dzu.\" Much harder to romanize than \"ka ki ku ke ko.\"\nWhile most Japanese phonemes have pretty straightforward English analogues, ぢ\nand づ are oddballs, backing up the age-old adage that learning the script of\nthe language is immensely helpful to capture things that you might not catch\nwith romanization.\n\nAs a side note, words containing づ are not super common (though they do exist,\nsuch as 続く/つづく and 葉月/はづき), and words with ぢ are even rarer.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T18:00:06.380", "id": "36895", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T18:00:06.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16235", "parent_id": "36892", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "My bad, everyone. The Wikipedia page for [Tsu\n(kana)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsu_\\(kana\\)) and [Chi\n(kana)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_\\(kana\\)) both say something like\n\n> The dakuten forms づ, ヅ, pronounced the same as the dakuten forms of the su\n> kana\n\nAnd I didn't read the \"same as the **dakuten forms** of\" part.\n\nThat is, tsu becomes zu and chi becomes ji as expected.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T18:26:10.243", "id": "36898", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T18:26:10.243", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "15761", "parent_id": "36892", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36896", "answer_count": 2, "body": "On a Kanji exercise, I was told to find how 人口 is read.\n\nBecause the kanji are a word, I used the on-yomi of both and I answered\n\"にんこう\".\n\nIs that correct?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T17:50:34.243", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36894", "last_activity_date": "2016-08-03T18:39:54.000", "last_edit_date": "2016-08-03T18:39:54.000", "last_editor_user_id": "14599", "owner_user_id": "14599", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "kanji", "readings", "onyomi" ], "title": "Did I determine the pronunciation of 人口 correctly?", "view_count": 201 }
[ { "body": "No, 人口 is read じんこう (look the word up in a dictionary). Some _kanji_ have more\nthan one _on'yomi_. This is due to the fact that they were imported from\ndifferent areas and/or in different eras from China.\n\nFor 人, ジン is a _kan'on_ (漢音) reading and ニン is a _goon_ (呉音) reading.\n\nIn compound words, usually both have the same type of _on'yomi_. Here, both ジン\nand コウ are _kan'on_ readings. (口 also has the different _jōyō_ reading, namely\nthe _on'yomi_ ク, which is a _goon_ reading.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T18:10:29.653", "id": "36896", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T19:54:16.197", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T19:54:16.197", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "36894", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "You are correct in that 人口 is a word (meaning \"population\"), but it is\npronounced じんこう. In this instance, both kanji are using on-yomi, which is\ncommonly used in compounds that linguistically originate from Japanese rather\nthan Chinese.\n\nDictionary entry from JDIC is here. You can easily find pronunciation(s) in\ndictionary entries. [http://www.edrdg.org/jmdictdb/cgi-\nbin/entr.py?svc=jmdict&sid=&q=1367300](http://www.edrdg.org/jmdictdb/cgi-\nbin/entr.py?svc=jmdict&sid=&q=1367300)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T18:11:53.007", "id": "36897", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-22T18:11:53.007", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16235", "parent_id": "36894", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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{ "accepted_answer_id": "36903", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I want to say the following\n\n> Pretty women are not necessarily attractive, let alone ugly women.\n\nin Japanese. My attempt is as follows.\n\n> 不美人どころか、美人も魅力的だとは限らない。\n\nIs it correct and natural?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T18:41:43.010", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "36899", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-23T07:54:27.283", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-23T07:54:27.283", "last_editor_user_id": "11192", "owner_user_id": "11192", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning" ], "title": "How to say \"Pretty women are not necessarily attractive, let alone ugly women\"?", "view_count": 338 }
[ { "body": "I would say,\n\n> 美人であったとしても魅力的だとは限らない。[醜]{みにく}いならなおさらである。\n\nI don't think the word 「不美人」 is commonly used. For 'Ugly', '[醜]{みにく}い' or 'ブス'\nin an informal context would be more natural.\n\nMy Japanese expression above sounds to conclude that 'An ugly person is not\nattractive.' If the conclusion you want to deliver is 'Being pretty is not\nenough to make oneself attractive.', then you would say\n\n> 醜い人が魅力的ではないのは確かだが、美人だからといって魅力的だとは限らない。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "creation_date": "2016-07-22T22:22:00.910", "id": "36903", "last_activity_date": "2016-07-23T07:12:17.683", "last_edit_date": "2016-07-23T07:12:17.683", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "7266", "parent_id": "36899", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]
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