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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 断ち切るように言葉がきっぱりして適切なこと。\n\nDoes this mean word like '断ち切る' is relevant to きっぱりして?\n\nI know that 断ち切る modifies きっぱりする but I don't get the meaning of this sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-03T15:02:02.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "37179",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-09T23:57:15.240",
"last_edit_date": "2022-08-09T23:57:15.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "15896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "断ち切るように言葉がきっぱりして適切なこと",
"view_count": 212
} | [
{
"body": "Isn't this a word definition in some dictionary?\n\n断ち切るように and きっぱり both mean _clearly_ , _unambiguously_ , _decisively_ , etc.\nIn English you can say _clear-cut_ , too.\n\nI don't think 断ち切るように modifies きっぱりする. This 断ち切るように adverbially modifies\n言葉がきっぱりして適切な as a whole.\n\n> 断ち切るように言葉がきっぱりして適切なこと \n> (lit.) _for words to be clear and adequate as if it were sharply cut._ \n> _using words clearly and adequately._",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T05:57:14.983",
"id": "38190",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T05:57:14.983",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "37179",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 37179 | null | 38190 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How to say よろしくお願いします in English?\n\nIs there a translation for the above from Japanese to English?\n\nIs nice to meet you sufficient in this case?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-03T20:45:08.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "37182",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-03T21:48:22.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7923",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say よろしくお願いします in English?",
"view_count": 2421
} | [
{
"body": "Is there a translation? No, there is not.\n\nThe meaning of よろしくお願いします corresponds to a concept English-speaking culture\ndoesn't have, namely, the expression of goodwill before a relationship or\ncommunal activity begins. English speakers have phrases that are used in a\nsubset of these circumstances, such as 'nice to meet you', but in other\nsituations either nothing is said or there is no one set phrase that could be\ngiven as a translation. You'll have to translate it differently on a case-by-\ncase basis, and sometimes the best translation to English might be not saying\nanything at all.\n\nCompare 頂きます before a meal - there is no English equivalent, because English\nspeakers simply don't say a set phrase before a meal. Maybe they say a prayer,\nmaybe they don't say anything, but there is no phrase that corresponds even\ngenerally with 頂きます.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-03T21:48:22.773",
"id": "37184",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-03T21:48:22.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "37182",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 37182 | null | 37184 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38201",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In the famous manga of Lone Wolf and Cub (子連れ狼), the protagonist walks the\npath of meifumadō (冥府魔道), the road of hell, symbolized by the twin demons of\nthe bull and the horse, in his quest for revenge.\n\nTo what extent, if any, was meifumadō an element of Japanese Buddhism or\nculture? Was this invented by the authors or is it a real philosophy?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-03T23:52:51.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "37185",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T07:52:01.190",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-04T01:12:14.713",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9514",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "To what extent, if any, was meifumadō an element of Japanese Buddhism or culture?",
"view_count": 1943
} | [
{
"body": "Completely invented. Meifu and madō are both real words (meaning, roughly,\n\"land of the dead\" [= hell] and \"way of evil\", so not in conflict with the\nmovie/manga) but I'd be surprised if it could be shown that anyone had put\nthem together before that story.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T04:57:49.160",
"id": "38188",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T04:57:49.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "531",
"parent_id": "37185",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I did some more research on this and apparently the mythology is pre-existing\nin Buddhism and is pretty well known. Here is a description from a Buddhism\nmythology web site:\n\n**Rasetsu 羅刹天** \n... Bishamonten, the god who protects all places where the Buddha preaches, is\nguardian of the north, and he is accompanied by two classes of demons called\nYaksha and Rasetsu. The Beasts of Buddhist Hell are also known in Japan as\n\"Gozu-Mezu\" -- short for Gozu Rasetsu 牛頭羅刹 and Mezu Rasetsu 馬頭羅刹. With heads\nresembling those of ox / cows (Gozu 牛頭) and horses (Mezu 馬頭), they are said to\ntorture and feed upon the flesh of the deceased (those who have committed sins\nand are thus in hell). The Rasetsu might be particularly monstrous Yaksha, or\nalternatively, the Yaksha might be Rasetsu who have pledged to serve the Deva\nas guardians of forests, villages, and towns. The iconography is unclear.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vSCiS.jpg)\n\nGozu and Mezu torture people in hell; from Taizong's Hell (1735), a Chinese\nBuddhist scroll.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T11:55:08.850",
"id": "38201",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T11:55:08.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9514",
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},
{
"body": "The specific combination 冥府魔道 is almost certainly a coinage of the 子連れ狼's\nscriptwriter, 小池一夫. [He said it himself on\nTwitter](https://twitter.com/koikekazuo/status/71909126044790784). It can be\nbroken down to two words.\n\n * 冥府 \nLiterally means \"dead man's land\" or what you call _underworld_ or\n_netherworld_. It is a general term in the Chinese folklore and has different\nimaginations between Daoist and Buddhist mythologies. The hell-ish association\nis apparently Buddhist, where it includes the\n[Yama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yama_\\(Buddhism\\))'s court and a\nboundless purgatory. This is also where two [Ox- and Horse-headed\nGuardians](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%AD%E9%A6%AC%E9%A0%AD)\nare said to reside.\n\n * 魔道 \nThis word is highly ambiguous (in actual usage, too) as both kanji are. 魔\ncould have [a bunch of interrelated connotations from \"devil\" to\n\"magical\"](https://legendsoflocalization.com/tricky-translations-1-maou-\ndaimaou/), while\n[道](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%81%93_%28%E3%81%BF%E3%81%A1%29/)\nalso \"road\" to \"practice\". In the light of the original context, this\n[魔道](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/209053/meaning/m1u/%E9%AD%94%E9%81%93/)\nwould be understood as \"heretical/demonic conducts/realm\", typically that in\nBuddhist terminology.\n\nIn summary, both 冥府 and 魔道 are concepts that has much relation to Japanese\nBuddhist culture, but the compound is somewhat creative, especially since 冥府\ndoes not equal to so-called \"hell\" itself even in Buddhism. Although the idea\nputting them together indeed sounds catchy, it does not come from the\ntechnically correct Buddhist tradition.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-08T07:52:01.190",
"id": "72982",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-08T07:52:01.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "37185",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 37185 | 38201 | 38188 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Whilst I think I understand the purpose of this grammatical device, I'm\nconfused by its usage in the following sentence:\n\n雑誌の占いコーナーを読んでいたら、「日本人は占いが好きです」と、外国人の友達が話しかけてきた。\n\nたら I thought was for expressing conditions or situations that might happen -\nbut from this sentence it sounds like, the second clause definitely DID\nhappen. And as such the たら would appear to take on more of a 'when' function -\nas in 'when this (definitely) happened.... this happened, rather than 'if this\nhappened/happens... this would happen. Was my previous expectation of what it\nwas supposed to be correct?\n\nBy the way this is the first sentence of a passage so whilst I would love to\ngive as much context for the quote as possible to aid people trying to answer\nthe question, there's not a lot more I can do here.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T03:25:24.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38186",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T08:24:42.307",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-04T08:24:42.307",
"last_editor_user_id": "16132",
"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Correct use of たら",
"view_count": 62
} | []
| 38186 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I know the meaning of this phrase I believe, it is used to give the most\ncommon or important example when you are abbreviating a list. I can't come up\nwith anything that sounds really good as a translation.\n\n> Policy A, Policy B をはじめとする guidelines on the topic of X.\n\nWhat I have at the moment is\n\n> Guidelines on the topic of X including Policy A and Policy B.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T04:53:07.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38187",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T23:00:32.647",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-09T14:09:56.013",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "17370",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of はじめとする",
"view_count": 258
} | [
{
"body": "How about: [_Starting\nwith_](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%EF%BD%9E%E3%82%92%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)\npolicy A and policy B....",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T18:23:28.823",
"id": "38243",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T18:23:28.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "38187",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "はじめとする has the general meaning of \"commencing/starting with\" and is an\nirregular verb.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T03:14:10.357",
"id": "38300",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-09T14:13:14.170",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-09T14:13:14.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11774",
"parent_id": "38187",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "Think of と as an \"assignment of value\" particle.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-09T13:46:53.190",
"id": "38337",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-09T13:46:53.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11489",
"parent_id": "38187",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "<http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%82%92%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%22>\n\n```\n\n Policy A, Policy B ... をはじめとする \n \n```\n\n... the guidelines starting with Policies A, B, ...\n\n```\n\n ... including / such as Policies A, B, ...\n \n```\n\n * ... guidelines, notably Policies A, B, ...\n\n * ... guidelines, most notably Policies A, B, ...\n\n * ... guidelines, the best examples being Policies A, B, ...\n\n * ... guidelines[,] exemplified by Policies A, B, ...\n\n * ... guidelines[,] whose list is headed by Policies A, B, ...\n``` Policies A, B, ... and other guidelines\n\n \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-10T22:38:17.473",
"id": "38377",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T23:00:32.647",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-10T23:00:32.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "38187",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 38187 | null | 38377 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Is there a phrase that Japanese people use to express amusement when seeing\neach other unexpectedly? For example, if you just said goodbye and then ran\ninto each other somewhere else?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T06:38:25.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38191",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T23:21:02.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"set-phrases",
"greetings"
],
"title": "\"fancy meeting you here\"",
"view_count": 444
} | [
{
"body": "Probably most commonly heard is あらまあ (shortened to あら). Although it rather\nexpresses surprise, it fits into the scenario:\n\n>\n> [あらまあ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/7309/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%BE/)\n>\n> ［感］軽い驚きや思いがけなさを表すときに発する語。多く女性が使う。「―、どうしたの」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T07:25:26.510",
"id": "38192",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T07:25:26.510",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"parent_id": "38191",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "A common word for this is [奇遇【きぐう】](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%A5%87%E9%81%87)\n(not to be confused with 奇偶: oddness and evenness (of numbers)). 奇遇ですね is an\nidiomatic phrase worth memorizing as-is.\n\n> * こんなところで会うとは奇遇ですね。 What a coincidence to meet you here!\n> * 君も北海道生まれか、奇遇だね。 Oh, you were born in Hokkaido, too? What a coincidence.\n>\n\nBut if you just said goodbye and then ran into each other soon after that, you\ncan't use this phrase. (Can you say \"fancy meeting you here\" in that\nsituation?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T09:59:42.693",
"id": "38196",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T10:14:07.430",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-04T10:14:07.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "38191",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "If I meet someone in an unexpected place in an unexpected time, I would say;\n\nこれは、これは - wow, Jesus!\n\n(こんな場所でお会いするとは)これはまた、奇遇(偶然)ですね - It's really coincidence (to meet you in such\na place)\n\nおや（あら）、まあ - Oh My God!\n\nおや（あら）、お珍しい - Wow. I'm surprised (to meet you in such place).\n\nいや、懐かしい(casual), Dear! Long time no see.\n\nお懐かしゅうございます - Ditto, but polite, or said to senior).\n\nIf I ran into someone whom I just said “Goodbye” somewhere else, I would say;\n\nおや、また会い(お会いし)ましたね。- Oh. We saw again.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T20:42:13.670",
"id": "38211",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T23:21:02.063",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-04T23:21:02.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "38191",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 38191 | null | 38196 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38195",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm confused by the use of かける in the sentence :\n\n雑誌の占いコーナーを読んでいたら、「日本人は占いが好きです」と、外国人の友達が話しかけてきた。\n\nI thought かける was used to express an activity on going, which gets interrupted\nby something else. eg 話してかけて、雨がふりました。（it started raining whilst I was\ntalking).\n\nBut here it seems like that second clause is saying: an conversation with a\nforeign friend came up with, which had already been ongoing. To me that\ndoesn't make sense, because how can the conversation have already been in\nprogress if it just 'came up' (ie because of the きた conjugation). Is that\nreally the intended meaning here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T08:30:32.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38193",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T09:42:23.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Correct use of かけて",
"view_count": 4687
} | [
{
"body": "かける has [a lot of\nmeanings](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B), and `masu-stem\n+ かける` (not `te-form + かける`!) has two meanings, which are explained in the\n23rd and 24th (!) definitions in the link.\n\n> 23. **to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be\n> about to ...** Usually written using kana alone, See also 話し掛ける, after -masu\n> stem of verb\n> 24. **indicates (verb) is being directed to (someone)** Usually written\n> using kana alone, See also 話し掛ける, after -masu stem of verb\n>\n\nYou seem to know the former definition, but the latter is equally important.\nLuckily, かける in the latter sense is used only with a limited number of verbs,\nincluding:\n\n * 話しかける to start to talk (to someone), to address\n * 笑いかける: to smile (at someone)\n * 呼びかける: to address, to appeal (to someone)\n * 押しかける: to crowd into\n * 問いかける: to ask (someone)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T09:42:23.680",
"id": "38195",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T09:42:23.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "38193",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
}
]
| 38193 | 38195 | 38195 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38200",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to say\n\n> Borrowing something from someone and not returning it by exploiting\n> unawareness of its owner is the same as thieving.\n\nMy attempt is as follow. Is it grammatically correct and natural?\n\n> 物を人に借りたきり、その人の無自覚を利用することで返さないのは、泥棒と同じだ。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T10:47:31.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38197",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T14:08:11.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"Borrowing something from someone and not returning it by exploiting unawareness of its owner is the same as thieving. \"?",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "There is no obvious grammatical error, but it took several seconds before this\nJapanese sentence began to make sense to me.\n\n無自覚 usually refers to not having noticed at all. 貸したことに無自覚 sounds to me as if\nthe original owner unconsciously lent something to someone, which is not the\ncase in this context. When the owner consciously lent something in the past\nbut is not concerned about that fact for now, then it's better to say\n\"気にしていないこと\", \"(一時的に)忘れていること\", \"覚えていないこと\", etc.\n\n> * 物を人に借りたきり、貸主が気にしていないことを悪用して返さないのは、泥棒と同じだ。\n> *\n> 物を人に借りたまま、貸した人が忘れている[のをいいことに](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\n> jlpt-n1-grammar-%E3%82%92%E3%81%84%E3%81%84%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AB-o-ii-\n> koto-ni/)返さないでいるのは、泥棒と同じだ。\n> * 物を人に借りたのに、貸した側が覚えていないからと返さないでいるのは泥棒と同じだ。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T11:44:23.817",
"id": "38200",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "38197",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "In English we already have a phrase that means what you're outlining in the\ntitle. It's called \"permanently borrowing\", and it can refer to borrowing\nsomething and never giving it back, or just outright stealing. If the concept\ndoes not already exist in Japanese, it might make more sense to co-opt its\nusage:\n\n> 永久に借りてと盗みは同じことだ。\n>\n> Permanently borrowing is the same as stealing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T14:08:11.543",
"id": "38203",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 38197 | 38200 | 38200 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38218",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen 空室 listed as having both the pronunciation くうしつ and あきしつ (both\nalone and in the phrase 空室あり). Which of these readings is more appropriate for\neveryday use? Is there a difference in nuance?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T11:10:21.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38198",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T01:10:48.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13886",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"pronunciation",
"readings"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of 空室",
"view_count": 140
} | [
{
"body": "From my experience it's usually read **くうしつ**. And all IMEs I have (on Windows\nand Android) refuses to convert あきしつ to 空室.\n\n空き室 is read あきしつ, but this word is less common.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T01:10:48.777",
"id": "38218",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T01:10:48.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "38198",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 38198 | 38218 | 38218 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm just getting into trying to read Japanese literature and I came across\nthis sentence on the opening page of ゆきの物語第一章.\n\n> [昔々]{むかし}、ある[小]{ちい}さな[村]{むら}にゆきという[娘]{むすめ}がおばあさんと[二人]{ふたり}で[暮]{く}らしていました。\n\nI have roughly translated this as:\n\n> _Once upon a time, a daughter, called Yuki, and her grandmother lived\n> together in a small village._\n\nHowever, I have no idea why ある is required in this sentence. (Any help with\nthe translation would also be greatly appreciated)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T12:17:06.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38202",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T12:23:12.160",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-04T12:23:12.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "17376",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What purpose does ある serve in the sentence?",
"view_count": 55
} | []
| 38202 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38219",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've recently developed interest in reading/studying the 古事記{こじき}, and simply\nsearching for the term「古事記」gives plenty of results with the original text.\nHowever, I am having trouble finding any results with ふりがな. I've tried\nsearching using the following terms suggested by Google:\n\n> 古事記 読み方, 古事記 漢字 読み方\n\nThese only seem to produce results for interpretations of the text and not the\nreadings of each character.\n\n> 古事記 読みやすい\n\nThis one seems to produce modern reproductions of the ancient text meant for\ncasual reading.\n\n> 古事記 ふりがな\n\nNothing meaningful came out of this one either. I know that somewhere there's\nan edition with the ふりがな included but I just have no clue how to find it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T15:46:56.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38204",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T02:31:41.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"furigana",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "What search term(s) should I use when looking for a pronunciation guide of ancient kanji?",
"view_count": 86
} | [
{
"body": "I think 古事記 書き下し is the search term you're looking for.\n\nThe 古事記 is written in Classical Chinese（漢文）so there wouldn't be any furigana\nfor that.\n\n**However,** Classical Chinese can be re-written as a 書き下し文 which has kana.\n\nThere is an example here:\n<http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~pip/ututu/kami/furukotobumi/jyo1.html>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T01:28:27.850",
"id": "38219",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T02:31:41.133",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-05T02:31:41.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "38204",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 38204 | 38219 | 38219 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38214",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could you please confirm the reading of what I think are two instances of a\n(Kansai?) dialect that I've seen in the same manga chapter today. The first\none (with a context):\n\n> あの車ね、結局、私が買っちゃったんだ。マルコさん買ってもあんまし **[乗]{の}[ん]{ら}なかった** し。\n\nFurigana is mine and shows the reading I would expect there (i.e. that 乗 is\nread 「の」 and that next ん is a dialect for ら (and the whole thing is a past\nnegative of [乗]{の}る)).\n\nThe second instance is\n\n> また **[来]{き}[な]{て}** ね。\n\nI omit the context, but the meaning is unmistakably \"come again\". Though this\ntime it could be a contraction of [来]{き}なさい, it doesn't feel like a command in\nthe context, so I suspect the same dialect again.\n\nSo, am I right about [乗]{の} and [来]{き} readings, or do I miss it entirely?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T18:28:21.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38205",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-07T19:10:06.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Readings of「乗んなかった」 and 「また来なね」",
"view_count": 153
} | [
{
"body": "The correct readings are 乗｛の｝んなかった and 来｛き｝なね. This\n[link](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/7186830.html) might help! I don't know if\nthe origins are from the kansai region but it is often heard on TV and in\nkantou as well.\n\nら is often omitted in place for ん because it is easier to say. One good\nexample is 分｛わ｝からない and 分｛わ｝かんない.\n\nThe second one of verb stem + な represents a light-hearted command.\n\ne.g. 食｛た｝べなよ！ Take a bite!\n\nNOTE: Neither of these forms are formal.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T23:21:32.010",
"id": "38214",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-07T19:10:06.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "3916",
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "38205",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 38205 | 38214 | 38214 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38208",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was trying to memorize some Japanese words using Memrise app (Duolingo's new\nmemorizing app). I came up with this word which means \"milk/cow milk\"\naccording to memrise. But I couldn't find any translations for this one on any\nJapanese dictionaries. Is this a real word or memrise just made it up?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T19:25:56.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38206",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T19:37:56.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17379",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "What does \"きゅうにゅう\" means?",
"view_count": 241
} | [
{
"body": "This should be **ぎ** ゅうにゅう meaning \"milk\", although ミルク is much more common.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T19:37:56.967",
"id": "38208",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T19:37:56.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "38206",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 38206 | 38208 | 38208 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38209",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "男の人は息子さんほど大きいケーキを持っていません。\n\n女の人は息子さんほどたくさんのジュースを持っていません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T19:32:36.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38207",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T19:46:53.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "What does ほど mean in these sentences? Also I would like translations for them",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "> 男の人は息子さんほど大きいケーキを持っていません。\n>\n> The man's cake is not as big as his son's.\n\n息子さんほど大きいケーキ in this context means \"the bigness of the son's cake\".\n\n> 女の人は息子さんほどたくさんのジュースを持っていません。\n>\n> The woman doesn't have a lot of juice like her son does.\n\n息子さんほどたくさんのジュース in this context means \"the son's large amount of juice\".\n\nThe ほど in these sentences indicate the degree/amount/extent of what comes\nafter it. [The Jisho.org entry has a suitable example\nsentence](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%A8%8B):\n\n> スージーほど上手にピアノをひけるとよいのだが。\n>\n> I wish I could play piano as well as Susie.\n\nIn each sentence a comparison is made between two people, and the one that\nprecedes ほど is the person being compared _to_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T19:46:53.647",
"id": "38209",
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"owner_user_id": "16049",
"parent_id": "38207",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 38207 | 38209 | 38209 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38215",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "First of all, sorry if something about my English grammar is wrong. English is\nnot my native language and, even if I can understand it very well, writing and\nexpressing myself is something I still have to improve. Thank you!\n\nI am trying to understand (not translate) the lyrics of the song \"Maboroshi no\nInochi\" by Sekai no Owari. I started with the first line and almost\nimmediately I had problems understanding it.\n\nThe first line is this:\n\n> 白い星が降る夜に 僕からの賛美歌を\n\nThe first half of the sentence is OK, but the second half confused me a bit,\nmostly because of the expression \"からの\" and the \"を\" at the end of the sentence.\n\nI first thought that the \"を\" was because the sentence was incomplete and it\nhad a connection with the second sentence (蒼い銀河の彼方にUFOが 君を連れて消えていく), but it\ndoesn't (or at least I can not see it). I did some research and, from what I\ncould understand, \"を\" at the end of the sentence is used like a replacement\nfor kanojo, kare, anata, etc. I have already read the translation of the song\nsome time ago, and, apparently, the person who translated it interpreted \"を\"\nlike \"you\", so, it appears to work but I never trust translations.\n\n\"からの\" looked more simple, and from what I found it means \"from\" (+ person),\nwhich in this case is 僕 (boku).\n\nThe first time I read the translation in English, I thought that with the\n\"you\" he (the singer) was talking to the audience/person who is listening to\nthe song, but now that I know that the \"を\" can be replaced with different\npersons, and considering the context and motive of the song (a song to the\nchild that the singer and the pianist of the band lose), I interpret it as for\nhis daughter.\n\nSo, considering it all, the line means that in a starry night, he sings/sang a\nhymn (賛美歌) to (for) his daughter (Tsukishi)?\n\nSorry if it is too long, but my level of Japanese is not really good and I\nnever trust what I understand because, most of the time, it is wrong. Thank\nyou!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T20:24:45.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38210",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T14:43:46.353",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-05T14:43:46.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17381",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-の",
"particle-を",
"song-lyrics",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Is it a right interpretation of the line of this Japanese song?",
"view_count": 759
} | [
{
"body": "\"からの\" is used when you want to describe how one noun is coming from another\nnoun. So \"僕からの賛美歌\" means \"a song of praise (or hymn) from me\". Another example\nusage is 君からのプレゼント (\"a present from you\").\n\nThe particle \"を\" is very different than you describe. Put simply, it describes\nthe action of a verb, like りんごを食べる (eat an apple), where the action of\n\"eating\" is \"(an/the) apple\"\n\nHere, the verb that goes with the を in the first line is not stated. But it is\nlikely \"sing\", as in \"僕からの賛美歌を(歌う)\"\n\nThe を doesn't say anything about who the song is being sung for, you must\ninterpret that for yourself.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T23:26:35.507",
"id": "38215",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-04T23:26:35.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
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},
{
"body": "を is always an object marker in modern Japanese. It never replaces personal\npronouns. Where did you see such a rule?\n\n`noun + を` at the end of a sentence is a fairly common device found in lyrics,\nslogans, posters and such. In general, it often means \"I/We want/need ～\" or\n\"Give ～\".\n\n> * 彼女にお茶を。 (lit. \"(we need) Tea to her\") Serve her a cup of tea.\n> * 犯罪者に死を！ Death to the criminal!\n> * 動物実験廃止を！ (lit. \"(we need) abolition of animal testing\") No More Animal\n> Testing!\n> * 君にさよならを Goodbye To You (song title)\n>\n\nSee:\n\n * [Does the particle \"を\" (wo) have a special use when at the end of a sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1209/5010)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T01:42:40.397",
"id": "38220",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T01:42:40.397",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "38210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 38210 | 38215 | 38220 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38425",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Found this word in this context (a song)\n\n> 生ぬるい惰性で生活を **綻ばす**\n>\n> ゴミ箱みたいな部屋のなかで、時が\n>\n> 過ぎるのをただただ待ってる それだけ\n>\n> 眠れない夜更けに呼吸の音を聞く\n\nTo me, it looks like this line says \"with halfhearted momentum, (I) tear\nthrough life\"; but this seems strange.\n\n**What is the meaning of \"seikatsu wo hokorobasu\" and the phrase before it?**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-04T21:14:38.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38212",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-12T15:57:51.280",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11863",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"song-lyrics",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Use and meaning of the word [綻]{ほころ}ばす",
"view_count": 238
} | [
{
"body": "[綻ばす](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/203741/meaning/m0u/) is [shorter\nalternative](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28522/7810) to 綻ばせる, the\ncausative form of [綻ぶ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/203745/meaning/m0u/)\n(yet is an alternative form of\n[綻びる](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/203744/meaning/m0u/)).\n\nIn this context, 綻ぶ is used synonymously with\n[破綻する](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/176773/meaning/m0u/%E7%A0%B4%E7%B6%BB/)\n\"split at the seams; break down; fall apart\", so the overall meaning of the\nline would be:\n\n> Wrecking (my) life with halfhearted/lukewarm force of habit...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T15:57:51.280",
"id": "38425",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "38212",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 38212 | 38425 | 38425 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38225",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Suppose we have phrase:\n\n> I will meet with Yamada\n\nIn Japanese it will be:\n\n> 私は山田さんと会います。\n\nI am interested to know how to say:\n\n 1. Cards with hieroglyphs (meaning that hieroglyphs are written on cards)\n 2. Potato with meat (in the same dish)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T05:08:54.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38223",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T05:42:10.853",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-05T05:42:10.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "17385",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese analogue of word \"with\"?",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "1. In this case \"with\" is used as a modifier, an adjectival phrase.\n\nIt is a little bit dependent on the context. If you had a bunch of cards and\nwanted to refer to only those with hieroglyphs, you might use the particle の,\nif in a more general context you'd need a verb の/が 書かれた, so:\n\n> 象形文字のカード\n>\n> 象形文字の書かれたカード\n\nBut if you refer to Egyptian hieroglyphs, maybe \"drawn\" would be better than\n\"written\":\n\n> 象形文字の描かれたカード\n\n 2. Here the two things are (or originally were) separate, so the particle と fits well:\n\n> ミートとポテト\n\nBut it looks like a special case. For other ingredients an adjectival phrase\ncould be used as well, for example:\n\n> たまごを乗せるラーメン",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T05:26:52.730",
"id": "38225",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-05T05:40:56.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"parent_id": "38223",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 38223 | 38225 | 38225 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38255",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here's the sentence:\n\n魔法のメッカでもある魔界に、（観光で）いくことに決め、さっそく靈夢にないしょで出かけていったのであった。\n\nI understand what's being said: \"Since, Makai was the Mecca of Magic, as a\nsightseer, [she] decided to go [there], but excluded [telling] Reimu Hakurei.\"\n\nI'm just confused about the function of certain phrases in the sentence like\nand the placement of certain words:\n\n 1. でもある \n\nIs it used because other things may or not have been said previously about the\nsubject in focus, 魔界?\n\n 2. さっそく\n\nI get that the phrase is supposed to function in this sentence to the effect\nof meaning 'rushedly', or excluding, or 'cutting steps out', but the action of\n'not telling' the subject in focus (靈夢) is never explicitly mentioned. Is the\naction of telling her being purposely omitted in this sentence?\n\n 3. いったのであった\n\nIs this all one expression? Why is ので placed so far-back in the sentence? My\nunderstanding of ので is that it's supposed to tail the part of the sentence\nthat's supposed to be the reason, not the consequence. Why then is it placed\nall the way at the end of the sentence? Is going to 魔界 without telling 靈夢 not\na consequence of 魔界 being the Mecca of magic? Is 魔界 being the Mecca of magic,\nnot the reason she is going there?\n\nAlso あった does it roughly translate to (as it happens) in this context? I'm\nconfused.\n\nCan someone please explain this all to me??",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T05:12:46.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38224",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-06T20:19:02.787",
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"owner_user_id": "15927",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"expressions"
],
"title": "I have questions about the usage of でもある and さっそく in this context",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "1. That も means \"also\". \"Makai is _also_ (known as) the mecca for magics ...\" I don't know how 魔界 looks like in this franchise, but it's usually not the kind of place where people willingly gather and learn magic. So I think \"also\" is used to indicate 魔界 is not only the chaotic place where monsters live.\n 2. さっそく is \"without delay/hesitation\" or \"at once\", and it modifies 出かけて行った. Perhaps \"rushedly\" is too strong as a translation.\n 3. 行ったのであった is the past tense of 行ったのである, which is a more assertive version of 行ったのだ, which in turn is a more emphatic and explanatory version of 行った. This ので is the te-form of so-called [explanatory のだ](https://miageru.net/grammar/Particle%20-%20%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0) (see [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/33390/5010) for more info).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T01:03:15.370",
"id": "38255",
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}
]
| 38224 | 38255 | 38255 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38228",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When 人 is used as a suffix the reading could be jin or nin (or other\nreadings?).\n\n> 犯人 - はん **にん**\n>\n> 別人 - べつ **じん**\n\nIs there a general rule to tell when the reading will be jin vs nin, or should\nI just learn it case by case?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T07:07:47.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38226",
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"owner_user_id": "15986",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "人 as a suffix. General rule for a reading?",
"view_count": 1602
} | [
{
"body": "No rule, just case by case.\n\nThere are also words like this:\n\n * 素人{しろうと} \n * 玄人{くろうと} \n * 狩人{かりゅうど} \n * 助{すけ}っ人{と}",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T07:20:19.403",
"id": "38227",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Both ジン and ニン are 音読み of the character 人. ジン is the 漢読み and ニン is the 呉読み\n(See <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/113338/meaning/m0u/>).\n\nUnfortunately, there's no easy way to know which reading to use for all cases\nsince it depends on when the word was imported from China or alternately\ninvented in Japan.\n\nThere's also a set of 訓読み to be aware of : ひと、びと、 and うと in compound words.\nAnd completely irregular readings like [大人]{おとな} -- interestingly there's also\na [大人]{ダイジン} reading which is less frequent.\n\nOne thing I can suggest is that nationalities are all ジン : [中国人]{チュウゴクジン},\n[フランス人]{フランスジン}, など",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T07:20:36.653",
"id": "38228",
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"score": 8
}
]
| 38226 | 38228 | 38228 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38232",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have trouble understanding these 2 sentences below... \nNote: There is no further context provided. \n\n> 1. 発車{はっしゃ}のベルが鳴{な}っているので飛{と}び乗{の}ったら、反対方向{はんたいほうこう}の電車{でんしゃ}だった\n>\n\n**My attempt:** Because the departure bell is ringing, if you hop (to the\ntrain), you will get into the opposite direction.\n\n_The sentence doesn't make sense to me... :(_\n\n> 2.\n> 就職{しゅうしょく}試験{しけん}の結果{けっか}の連絡{れんらく}だと思って急いで電話に出{で}たら、間{ま}違{ちが}い電話{でんわ}だった\n>\n\n**My attempt:** If you are thinking about the notification result of the\nemployment examination while make a phone call in a hurry, you will end up\nwith calling a wrong number.\n\nI'm not sure if I understand 急いで電話に出{で}たら correctly. Since isn't _make a phone\ncall_ \"電話をかける\"? But it would be strange to end up with a wrong number if you\nwere receiving a phone call...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T09:43:29.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38230",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T10:42:05.140",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-05T10:42:05.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Help understanding these 2 sentences",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "For both sentences, you can translate the 「〜たら、……だった」 as _'it turned out to be\n...'_\n\nAlso, both of the 〜たら have the meaning 'when', not 'if'.\n\n> 発車のベルが鳴っているので飛び乗ったら、反対方向の電車だった\n\n * 発車のベル 'the bell announcing a departing train'\n * 飛び乗る 'to hop onto (the train)'\n * There's a missing subject. I'm translating it as 'I' barring further context. The ['generic you'](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_you) as you translated the sentences with is incorrect because it's specifying a one-off event.\n\n> _'I hopped onto the train because the departure bell was ringing, and it\n> turned out to be the wrong train (going into the opposite direction).'_\n\n* * *\n\n> 2. 就職試験の結果の連絡だと思って急いで電話に出たら、間違い電話だった\n>\n\n * 就職試験の結果の連絡 'a phone call announcing the results of ...'\n * 電話に出る 'to answer the phone'\n * Another missing subject. Translated as 'I' again.\n * 間違い電話 'it turned out to be the wrong number' (someone called your number mistakenly)\n\n> _'I thought someone was phoning the results for the 就職試験 and hurried to the\n> ringing phone, but it turns out it was a wrong number.'_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T10:22:53.700",
"id": "38232",
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"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 38230 | 38232 | 38232 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38233",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a sentence\n\n> もう、何度目の北航路になるだろう\n\nI break down 北航路 as 北{きた} + 航路{こうろ} (\"north course\", based on a previous\ncontext where words were used separately). But would it also make sense\n(perhaps in some other context) to break it down as 北航{ほっこう} + 路{じ} (something\nlike \"north-sailing route\")? Or does such split makes no sense?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T09:59:34.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38231",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T14:28:03.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How to break down 「北航路」?",
"view_count": 84
} | [
{
"body": "I hadn't heard the word 北航 but 北航する seems to be used in specialized book of\nship. However I think 北航路 can't be separated as 北航 + 路 because 北航 isn't common\nword.\n\n北航路 can commonly be separated as 北 + 航路 as you know.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T12:55:33.113",
"id": "38233",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 38231 | 38233 | 38233 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38236",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On a kanji reading exercise I read 金田 as kin-den because the on-yomi of 田 is\nデン. Is that correct?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T14:03:08.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38234",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-09T19:00:40.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "14599",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"readings"
],
"title": "Did I read 金田 correctly?",
"view_count": 262
} | [
{
"body": "The readings of 金田 as a place name and a family name vary.\n\nThe reading of 金田 as a family name is usually かねだ, but there are some other\nreadings like かなだ, かなた, きんた, きんだ, かねた, かねこ. But I can't find きんでん.\n\nThe readings of 金田 as a place name are かねだ, こんだ, かねた, きんで, かなだ.\n\nSources:\n\n * [名字由来 - 金田](https://myoji-yurai.net/searchResult.htm?myojiKanji=%E9%87%91%E7%94%B0)\n * [Wikipedia - 金田](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%94%B0)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T15:13:51.740",
"id": "38236",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 38234 | 38236 | 38236 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38237",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone help me with the difference between この and こんな and when to use\neach?\n\nAlso I see that こんな is almost always with に particle, why's that?\n\nDoes the rules to when to use each of those apply to the difference between その\nand そんな as well?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T14:31:26.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38235",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between この and こんな",
"view_count": 2106
} | [
{
"body": "この translates to \"this\" in English in the sense that you're talking about\nこのペン/this pen, この犬/this dog, etc.\n\nこんな means \"such\" or \"this kind/type of\" or \"like this\". [Jisho has plenty of\nexamples for\nthis](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%20%23sentences):\n\n> こんな男は信頼できない。\n>\n> Such a man cannot be relied upon.\n\nこんなに means \"so\" or \"to this degree\". [There are plenty of examples for this as\nwell](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AB%20%23sentences):\n\n> 彼がこんなに遅いのは変だ。\n>\n> It is odd that he is so late.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T15:52:34.660",
"id": "38237",
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"owner_user_id": "16049",
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"score": 7
}
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| 38235 | 38237 | 38237 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38241",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to Jparser it means\n\nto carry on shoulder\n\nto bear (burden)\n\nto shoulder (gun)\n\nI'm not sure if this is correct or not\n\nCan you give me a few sentences?\n\nAlso is this a conjugation form ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T16:54:56.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38238",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T17:32:42.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Can someone explain how になって works?",
"view_count": 66
} | [
{
"body": "This is not a grammar form like に＋なって if that's what you're thinking. It's\nsimply the て-form of the verb\n[[担]{にな}う](https://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E6%8B%85%E3%81%86).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T17:32:42.420",
"id": "38241",
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"owner_user_id": "78",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 38238 | 38241 | 38241 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38242",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I can tell; this is a yes / no question coming from the line before\nit and the presence of \"short form + の + かい\".\n\n> でもたまに思い出し、お前に問いかける\n>\n> 憎しみより深い幸福はあるのかい\n\nDoes it mean, \"But sometimes I remember and I ask you if happiness (幸福{こうふく})\nmore profound (深{ふか}い) then hatred (憎{にく}しみ)?\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T17:19:04.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38240",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T18:15:22.000",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11863",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-より"
],
"title": "Use of \"yori\" in this sentence",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "\"Is there a happiness more deep than hatred?\"\n\nPerhaps breaking it down would help:\n\n深い幸福 - deep happiness\n\n深い幸福はある - There is a deep happiness\n\n深い幸福はあるのかい - Is there a deep happiness?\n\n憎しみより深い幸福はあるのかい - Is there a deep happiness that is deeper than hatred? OR Is\nthere a deep happiness that is more so (より) than hatred --> \"Is there a\nhappiness more deep than hatred?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T18:08:32.747",
"id": "38242",
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"owner_user_id": "3916",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 38240 | 38242 | 38242 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38257",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "which connotation gives to a phrase ending with \"na\" instead of \"ne\"? is it\nmore informal or what?\n\nParticulary saying,\n\n\"soo da naa\" instead of \"so desu ne\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T18:46:43.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38244",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-06T01:38:48.710",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"sentence-final-particles",
"particle-な",
"particle-ね"
],
"title": "ending na instead of ne, when to use it?",
"view_count": 1981
} | [
{
"body": "`「な」`and `「ね」` seem to be more rough sound and generally applies to the male\ngender but is not necessarily restricted to only males. You can think of it as\n\"huh\". e.g.\n\n> 洋介：今、図書館に行くんだよ **な** 。\n\nYousuke: You are going to the library now **huh**?\n\nor\n\n> ボブ：日本語は、たくさん勉強したけど **な** 。まだ全然わからない。\n\nBob: I studied Japanese a lot, **right**? But, I still don't get it at all.\n\nIn your case, `「そうだな」` or `「そうですね」` would roughly mean \"Is that so, huh?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T01:38:48.710",
"id": "38257",
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| 38244 | 38257 | 38257 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My father just obtained his 3rd kyu, and with it, a brown belt he's going to\nwear until he gets a black one. It's a tradition in our dojo to get a brown\nbelt embroidered either with a Japanese saying or one's name. He chose the\nformer and wanted to get a belt embroidered with 「剣は 鋭く気は円く」. However, as he\ndoes not speak Japanese, nor can he read hiragana, he mistook the 「く」for\n\"line-ending-signs\" and submitted the text to be embroidered without them.\nIt'd be a lot of hassle and/or money to get it corrected; does the\nembroidering on the belt make sense as it is?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T20:35:55.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38245",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-06T00:22:45.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17391",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does 「剣は 鋭 気は円」 make sense?",
"view_count": 76
} | [
{
"body": "Interestingly, the altered one happens to make sense to me as a verse.\n\nThe original sentence reads \"剣は鋭【するど】く 気は円【まる】く\" using kun-yomi, but the\naltered one can be read as \"剣は鋭【えい】 気は円【えん】\" using on-yomi, which basically\nhas the same meaning as the original one. It may not be very natural as\nordinary Japanese prose, but it's similar to how people have to read\n[漢文](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbun), so it looks convincing enough to\nme. I don't know it makes sense as a real classic Chinese sentence, though.\n\nNote that you definitely need a small space (or comma) between 鋭 and 気, and no\nspace elsewhere. Otherwise, it would look like one ungrammatical line\nincluding a strange word \"鋭気\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T00:22:45.283",
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]
| 38245 | null | 38254 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to think of a good translation for the word 面倒 when used to refer\nto a person in a negative way, as in:\n\nあんたは面倒なタイプの人間だ\n\nThe context is someone who is being very talkative and persistently debating a\ncertain point, to the extent they are referring to their own speech as 屁理屈.\n\nI can think of a bunch of related words, but nothing really seems to sound\njust right: annoying, troublesome, tedious, detail-oriented, argumentative,\nanal, etc.\n\nYou can see it used in context [here](http://ncode.syosetu.com/n2337dj/3/) if\nneeded.\n\nThis is my best guess so far. If anyone has any suggestions, please let me\nknow.\n\n```\n\n You're one of those annoying argumentative people.\n \n```",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T21:25:25.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38246",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-05T22:45:08.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Translation of 面倒 as referring to a person",
"view_count": 66
} | [
{
"body": "How about: You're one of _those_ people.\n\nNote the italics.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T22:45:08.023",
"id": "38253",
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| 38246 | null | 38253 |
{
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"body": "So, I looked up in a dictionary that the suffix「う」can indicate will. So, could\nthis possibly indicate future tense? If so, is there a special case?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T21:27:42.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38247",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-06T06:18:21.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "16147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"suffixes",
"future"
],
"title": "「う」 for future tense",
"view_count": 441
} | [
{
"body": "I think you may be talking about words like しよう and 食べよう, which are in the\nvolitional tense.\n\nThis tense generally expresses the intention or will of someone, as in.\n\n```\n\n 僕は日本に行こうと思ってる.\n I'm thinking of going to Japan.\n \n```\n\nIt really doesn't have a direct parallel to English, and is a bit different\nfrom what you would think of as \"future tense\". The concept of \"~will\" when\nnot referring to someone's intention would often be translated using the\nnormal dictionary form, i.e.:\n\n```\n\n 君は絶対負けるよ。\n You will definitely lose.\n \n```\n\nJapanese does not have a \"future tense\" per se, and when you see the\ndictionary (i.e. \"non past\") tense, you must interpret it as either referring\nto the present or the future.\n\nThe volitional form has many subtleties,\n[here](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2015/02/17/the-japanese-volitional-\nform-%E3%81%97%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%80%81%E3%80%9C%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86-more-\nthan-just-lets/) is an article I wrote about a bunch of it's uses.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-05T22:23:05.370",
"id": "38249",
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| 38247 | null | 38249 |
{
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"body": "> 「あ、掃除の途中でしたか？」\n>\n> 「いや。これを拭くのは二度目だから。実はもう終わってるよ」\n>\n> 「そうですか。でっ、では……もう出発できるんですね」\n>\n> 「うん、大丈夫。常陸さんも、もう出れる？」\n>\n> 「はい。準備はできています」\n>\n> 「そっか……」\n>\n> 「それじゃあ、出発する？」\n>\n> 「はっ、はい。そうですね」\n>\n> なんてことはない、ただのやり取り。\n>\n> 学院に行くときだって、同じようなことを言ったことがある。\n>\n> でも、 **今はそれだけじゃなかった** 。\n>\n> これから２人で過ごす時間に、胸が複雑に高鳴る。\n>\n> ドキドキとした緊張、不安……と同時に、昂揚感とでもいうのだろうか？\n>\n> 間違いなく気持ちが高ぶっている。\n\nIf its not obvious from the above context, they have the above exchange before\nthey go out on a date. My question is about what is meant by 今はそれだけじゃなかった.\nWhat is the それだけ actually referring to? (It seems to be referring to the line\nof なんてことはない、ただのやり取り, but I'm not quite sure what is trying to be conveyed.)",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-05T22:03:39.020",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 今はそれだけじゃなかった mean here?",
"view_count": 283
} | [
{
"body": "If my understanding is correct, a rough English translation of those two lines\n(the one in bold plus the one before it) would be:\n\n```\n\n Before going to school, I've had the same kind of conversation before.\n But this time, something was different.\n \n```\n\nThe person is saying that even though the conversation was the same as a\nprevious one, the feelings this time were different.\n\nThe bold part is literally \"But now, it was not just that\", but that sounds a\nbit awkward in English, hence the non-literal translation above. Another\npossible translation would be \"But this time, there was something more.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-05T22:31:32.807",
"id": "38251",
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{
"body": "this is the main characters internal monologue (I suppose)\n\nなんてことはない、ただのやり取り\n\nHe/she is thinking about the conversation they just had (or are) having.\n\n学院に行くときだって、同じようなことを言ったことがある\n\nThis is thinking about earlier events where they have had similar\nconversations\n\nでも、今はそれだけじゃなかった。\n\nthis is the person realizing that it's not the same, and that's everything\nfeels different now that they are going on a date (and even just a simple\nconversation that was nothing earlier now gets his/her heart to beat faster)\n\nand the words/thoughts cause the effect described here\n\nこれから２人で過ごす時間に、胸が複雑に高鳴る。\n\nドキドキとした緊張、不安……と同時に、昂揚感とでもいうのだろうか？\n\n間違いなく気持ちが高ぶっている。\n\nIt's basically just the character coming to realize that he/she is now in\ncompletely different situation where he/she is about to get romantically\ninvolved with another person.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-05T22:44:31.113",
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| 38248 | null | 38252 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38256",
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"body": "I'm reading several short texts as a part of a university course that's\nstarting this fall, but I'm having problem understand parts of this one text.\nIt's called 絵本 and is written by 林芙美子\n\n<http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000291/files/24368_15542.html>\n\nI know it's an older text, and I figured out some things, like how there's no\nsmall っ and how ゐ is used instead of い and they use some older often more\ncomplex kanji for a lot of words. I also think ぢ is used instead of じ, and\nthat わ is replaced with は for some words like ふわふわ that becomes ふはふは. I also\nfigured out that ゝ repeats the previous hiragana (is this ever used in modern\njapanese? it seems pretty useless).\n\n> 1. 何かいつも愉しさうだつた。 **娘の子のつかふやうな** 針箱をそばに置いて、涼しい処でゐねむりをするので好きだつた\n>\n\nI can't for the life of my figure out the part (in bold text).\n\n> 2. **家ぢゆうあけつぱなし** なので白い蝶々がお婆さんの鼻さきにまで飛んで来た。\n>\n\nIs this 家中開けっ放し?\n\n> 3. **初めは何かい喃と** 、ぢつと眼をこらしてめやにのたまつたまなじりをぱちぱちさせてゐたが、白い蝶々なのだと **おもふと**\n> 、お婆さんは手を宙へあげてひらひらさせてみたりした。\n>\n\nWhat is 喃と and おもふと?\n\n> 4. 土の上に冷えた、土鍋のふちに、もう蟻が四五匹 **這ひあがつてゐる** 。\n>\n\nWhy is there a ひ in the text shouldn't this be 這 **い** 上がっている? (はいあがる）",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-05T22:27:37.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"readings",
"classical-japanese",
"obsolete-kana"
],
"title": "Questions about 絵本 by 林芙美子",
"view_count": 236
} | [
{
"body": "1. 娘の子のつかふやうな is 娘の子の使うような (or 女の子が使うような) in modern Japanese.\n 2. Yes it's 家中開けっ放し.\n 3. This 喃 is probably read [のう](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/171199/meaning/m0u/%E5%96%83/). なんかいのう ≒ 何かなあ. [おもふ](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E6%80%9D%E3%81%B5) is the archaic equivalent of 思う.\n 4. 這う was [這ふ](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E9%80%99%E3%81%B5) in old Japanese, so it's not a typo.\n\nSee: [Historical kana\northography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-06T01:31:56.230",
"id": "38256",
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| 38250 | 38256 | 38256 |
{
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"body": "The も particle has the meaning of\n\n> also \n> too \n> words of similar weight \n> about (emphasizing an upper limit) \n> as much as \n> even \n> more \n> further \n> other \n> again\n\nSo depending where it's placed like before/after a subject/verb/adj/noun etc.\n\nCan you determine based on that what meaning it has ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-06T05:42:03.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Is there a way to know what meaning the も particle has?",
"view_count": 186
} | [
{
"body": "To some extent you can, but Japanese is a heavily context based language and\nit is context that is key to determining the appropriate translation of も.\n\nConsider\n\n> 今日{きょう}は車{くるま}が10台{だい} **も** 売{う}れた。 \n> I sold as many as ten cars today.\n\nI don't think there's any ambiguity there since も comes after a counter. But\nwhat about\n\n> 今日{きょう}は車{くるま} **も** 売{う}れた。\n\nIt could be\n\n> (I finally manged to sell the motorbike and) I **even** sold the car today.\n\nor\n\n> ( I sold the motorbike and) I **also** sold the car.\n\nThe more I think about it the more I find that these definitions of も merge\ninto each other, **even** in English (in Japanese **and also** in English).\n\nも is a very versatile and often quite confusing particle. You should post\nspecific example sentences where you are having problems working out which\nmeaning to use.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-06T10:49:13.803",
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| 38258 | 38263 | 38263 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would I parse this sentence into smaller and more understandable bits?\n\n> これらはヘッジファンドを自分のリソースとは無関係の投資先とみなすことのリスク管理上の問題点を浮き彫りにしている。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T06:04:09.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38259",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-20T02:42:40.510",
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"owner_user_id": "17397",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "How to parse this sentence?これらはヘッジファンドを自分のリソースとは無関係の投資先とみなすことのリスク管理上の問題点を浮き彫りにしている。",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "I would parse it as...\n\n> これらは｛（ヘッジファンドを自分のリソースとは無関係の投資先とみなすことの）（リスク管理上の）問題点を｝浮き彫りにしている\n\nこれらは -- subject \n問題点を -- object \n浮き彫りにしている -- verb\n\nBoth 「ヘッジファンドを自分のリソースとは無関係の投資先とみなすことの」 and 「リスク管理上の」 modify 問題点.\n\n* * *\n\nヘッジファンドを自分のリソースとは無関係の投資先とみなすこと is a noun clause.\n\n> ｛ヘッジファンドを｝｛（自分のリソースとは無関係の）投資先と｝みなす\n\nヘッジファンドを is the object of the verb みなす. (\"regard/see/consider ヘッジファンド as\n自分のリソースとは無関係の投資先\"). 自分のリソースとは無関係の modifies 投資先.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-06T12:02:09.700",
"id": "38264",
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| 38259 | null | 38264 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38261",
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"body": "とりあえず、転入生は自動的に身辺調査をすることにしているんだけどね\n\nThis is taken from a visual novel\n\nIt translates to \"So anyway I decided to to do a background check on the\ntransfer student\"\n\nHowever I don't get the usage of は in this case.\n\nUsing は would mean that the preceding word (transfer student) is the subject\nand he/she is doing something.\n\nHowever the something (investigation) is being done to the transfer student so\nshouldn't the を particle be used here instead of は ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-06T07:22:53.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38260",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-07T15:27:48.760",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Can someone explain the use of は in this sentence?",
"view_count": 144
} | [
{
"body": "は does not mark the subject of a verb. It marks the topic of the sentence. The\nsubject in this case is an implied 'I'. \nThe (indirect) object is indeed 'transfer student' but this is also implied.\nWe don't need to make it explicit because they are already the topic of\nconversation.\n\n> As for transfer students _I_ make it a rule to automatically do background\n> checks _on them_.\n\nPlease check other questions on this site on the difference between は and が\ne.g. [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/22/whats-the-\ndifference-between-wa-%E3%81%AF-and-ga-%E3%81%8C).",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 38260 | 38261 | 38261 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38323",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've found a sentence like this:\n\n> 私がちょっとぐらい 自己中で 常識がなくても 許してくれる\n\nWhich I've parsed as:\n\n> Even if I'm selfish and lack common sense, he'll forgive me, to the extent\n> that it's just a bit.\n\nor more naturally,\n\n> He'll tolerate even my selfishness and thoughtlessness, at least for a\n> little while.\n\nBut I'm pretty uncertain about the ちょっとぐらい in particular. Both words can\nperform several functions, and I assumed their combination would be a common\nidiom, but none of the dictionaries I've checked have examples. What does the\ncombination ちょっとぐらい mean? Can it mean different things in different contexts?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T10:48:28.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38262",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-09T00:35:04.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16112",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "ちょっとぐらい / ちょっとくらい meaning",
"view_count": 1487
} | [
{
"body": "くらい/ぐらい by itself sometimes implies the word before it is a small\nnumber/amount.\n\n> * 10円くらいで騒ぐな。 Don't make a fuss about (just) 10 yen.\n> * 30分くらいなら待てる。 I can wait for 30 minutes (implying 30 minutes is not too\n> long).\n>\n\nIn this sentence, ぐらい after ちょっと is optional, but adds \"just\" or \"only\" nuance\nto ちょっと (\"a bit\").\n\nIn general, ちょっと can be translated both as \"for a while\" (time) and \"a bit\"\n(degree). In this sentence, however, ちょっと modifies 自己中で常識がない, and you cannot\nbe 常識がない only for an hour, for example. So I think \"only a bit\" is the better\ninterpretation in this case.",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 38262 | 38323 | 38323 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38271",
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"body": "Both さあ and まあ seem to be used as interjections that mean something like\n\"well\", \"hm\", et cetera (or perhaps just as filler words). Is there any\ndifference in meaning between them?\n\n(Differences I have noticed are is that まあ also seems to be a female\ninterjection meaning \"oh my!\", and is used in the word まあまあ \"so-so\". Also when\nresponding to a question one is very unsure of the answer to, a long drawn out\nさあ seems very common, and I'm not sure if まあ can be used there. Also there's\n[this related\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14922/what-\ndoes-%E3%81%95%E3%81%82-saa-mean).)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-06T12:46:59.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38265",
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"owner_user_id": "13886",
"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"interjections"
],
"title": "Difference between まあ and さあ",
"view_count": 3206
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{
"body": "As an interjection, they have totally different meanings.\n\nAs you say, \"まあ!\" corresponds to \"Oh my!\" and is decidedly female. But, \"さあ\"\ncan be used only in this way (I think):\n\nA: \"Shouldn't we start now?\n\nB: \"oh, I don't know. . . .\"\n\nA: \"さあ! (C'mon!)\"\n\nIn other words, さあ indicates encouragement or invitation. You sometimes hear\n\"さあさあ！\", which is just a repetition of the above さあ and its meaning is the\nsame as the single さあ but just with more emphasis.\n\nThe other uses you mention aren't interjections. まあまあ is quite different (you\ncan call it a separate word) and as you say it means \"so-so\". Another まあまあ is\n\nFather (to his daughter): \"Get out of my house!\"\n\nMother: \"まあまあ, she say she won't do it again, so forgive her this time.\"\n\nI'm not sure if we should count this as an interjection. We could say it is a\nfixed phrase to mean \"calm down\" or \"be lenient/patient\" or both at the same\ntime.\n\nOn the other hand, look at this this conversation:\n\nA: \"Do you know which team won yesterday?\"\n\nB: \"さあ . . . (I'm not sure)\"\n\nThis one is again quite different from the interjection さあ。You can think of\nthis さあ as a fixed phrase meaning \"I'm not sure\".\n\nAnother possibility is the suffix(?) さあ as in \"昨日さあ\". This さあ is used to add\nemphasis on the preceding word and it doesn't have a particular meaning\nitself.\n\nI'm not sure if I have covered all possibilities, but off the top of my head,\nI think I have.",
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| 38265 | 38271 | 38271 |
{
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"body": "What does ビクビクのヌルヌルで mean?\n\nAs for context, she was trying to remove the fish she had just caught from her\nfishing rod. It's clear that she's referring to the fish, but the の between\nビクビク and ヌルヌル is confusing me as to what is being said.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-06T13:12:18.527",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "What does ビクビクのヌルヌルで mean?",
"view_count": 1101
} | [
{
"body": "As stated in the comment section and in the other answer, ヌルヌル means \"slimy\",\n\"slippery\" and hard to grab hold of.\n\nビクビク often means \"to feel scared\", but here in your example it has nothing to\ndo with \"feeling scared\". 明鏡国語辞典 explains びくびく as follows:\n\n> びくびく〘副詞〙 ❶ 恐怖・不安に敏感になっておびえるさま。 ❷ 体などが何度もふるえ動くさま。\n\nWe use ビクビク, ビクッ, or ビクン to describe a sudden and violent convulsive movement,\nas well as a 痙攣 (convulsion, twitch, cramp), so the ビクビク here is more like \"to\nwriggle\" or \"to twitch\", and indicates the sudden and quick movement of the\nfish. Here're a few examples of this use of ビクビク:\n\n> * [「睡眠中に足や腕が **ビクビク** と動く」](http://www.xendela.info/2015/06/PLMS.html)\n> * [「寝ているときに体がピクッと動いたり **ビクビク**\n> 動いたりする」](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1073472505)\n> * [「動かなかった魚が、 **ビクビク**\n> ！！って動きます」](http://worldchefsbible.com/%E5%85%83%E7%A5%96%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%99%E7%90%86/%E9%AD%9A%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%B8%E3%81%97%E6%96%B9/)\n>\n\nThe の here is used to connect the two mimetic words, like \"and\". You can\nrephrase ビクビクのヌルヌルで as ビクビク **で** (その上)ヌルヌルで or ビクビク **していて** (その上)ヌルヌルしていて,\n\"The fish was wriggling **and** slimy\". To me, ビクビク **の** ヌルヌル sounds a little\nmore emphatic than normal ビクビク **で** ヌルヌル.\n\nI couldn't find the definition of this use of の in a paper or online\ndictionary. I'll just quote a couple of examples from the web:\n\n> * 「[道路(が)つるつる **の**\n> てかてか！](http://ameblo.jp/2525toshi/entry-10723231640.html)」\n> * 「[金属をつるつる **の**\n> ピカピカにする](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1030000360)」\n> * 「[ギタギタ **の** メロメロ **の**\n> ボロボロにしてやる。](http://www5e.biglobe.ne.jp/~poh/jaianizm-2.htm)」\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-06T23:32:11.727",
"id": "38277",
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{
"body": "Unless it's strictly G-rated (Doraemon, Anpan-man, ...), I'd guess that some\nsuggestive humor is intended.\n\nDo a search with [ ビクビク and ヌルヌル ] and you'll see ...\n\n<https://www.google.co.jp/#q=%E3%83%93%E3%82%AF%E3%83%93%E3%82%AF++++%E3%83%8C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8C%E3%83%AB>\n\n```\n\n ( Every one of the top 50 hits is explicit material. )\n \n```\n\nI didn't realize that the expression ビクビク感じちゃう had become so common.\n\n```\n\n Ok, i now see that strictly G-rated manga, novel, story, etc.\n would never use the combination [ ビクビク and ヌルヌル ]\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\n並立助詞 ヘイリツジョシ ......... 現代語では、「と」「に」「か」「や」「やら」「の」「だの」など、古語では「や」「の」など。並列助詞。\n\n```\n\n 出典 浮世風呂 滑稽 「着物がきたねの、貧乏人だのと」\n \n```\n\n<http://www.kokugobunpou.com/%E5%8A%A9%E8%A9%9E/%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%A9%E8%A9%9E%E3%82%92%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%81%97%E3%82%88%E3%81%86/>\n\n```\n\n (4) 並立語を表す（並立格） 「の」「に」「と」「や」がつく文節は、並立語になる。 \n （例）生きる の 死ぬ の と大騒ぎをする。 \n 行く の 行かない の とはっきりしない。 \n \n```\n\n* * *\n\nRe: chocolate's comments (below). -- (I still have to re-read them.) --\nchocolate's comments are excellent.\n\nAs chocolate says, I think they may be different.\n\n * 四の五の言うな (四だの五だの言うな ?) -- This is just a list of examples (connected by OR ?)\n\n * 「ギタギタ の メロメロ の ボロボロ にしてやる。」 -- Jaian (Gian) is saying [ I'll make you ... AND ... AND ... ! ]",
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| 38266 | null | 38277 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38280",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> つまりアレだ、俺が自らあのばーさんとこまでの道を作り出しちまったってことか？\n\nI guess it's something like:\n\n> It's that thing right? I created a path that leads to that old hag?\n\nWhat part would ってことか represent here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T16:13:53.717",
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does ってことか？ mean?",
"view_count": 3340
} | [
{
"body": "> **つまり** アレだ、俺が[自]{みずか}らあのばーさんとこまでの道を作り出しちまった **ってことか** ？\n\n(つまり)～～ってことか means (つまり)～～ということか, \"(So,) does it mean...?\" (Compare:\n「～ってことだ」=「～ということだ」= \"That means...\")\n\nFor more examples, see [Weblio 例文集「つまり\nということですか」](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A+%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B)",
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| 38268 | 38280 | 38280 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38273",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my textbook, there is a sentence:\n\n中国語の発音は難しかったが、漢字はあまり難しくなかった。\n\nAnd there is also a sentence:\n\n「日本史」は難しくなかったですが、「翻訳」は大変でした。\n\nI'm confusing that is it still a correct expression with removing of the \"です\"\nin \"ですが\" in the second sentence?\n\nIf it is still a native expression, what's the differences between it and the\noriginal one?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T16:44:27.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "13606",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions"
],
"title": "ですが vs が， what are the differences between them?",
"view_count": 627
} | [
{
"body": "難しい = (it) is difficult -- informal \n難しいです = (it) is difficult -- polite \n難しかった = (it) was difficult -- informal \n難しかったです = (it) was difficult -- polite \n難しくない = (it) is not difficult -- informal \n難しくないです = (it) is not difficult -- polite \netc. \nYou get the idea. \nFor i-adjective conjugations putting です at the end changes from informal to\npolite style.\n\nI think 「日本史」は難しくなかったが、「翻訳」は大変でした without the です would be awkward because the\nparts either side of が are independent statements, and the latter ends in でした\nwhich is in polite style. But note that this doesn't apply to all\nconjunctions.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-06T19:32:58.260",
"id": "38273",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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| 38269 | 38273 | 38273 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「いずれにせよ……何とかしてこのハイスクールを、面白いモノにせねばならないな。このままだとストレスでスヴェータが爆発してしまうこともありうる」\n>\n> スヴェータ「はい、爆発しますね]\n>\n> 「 **なかなか顔の皮分厚い** なお前」\n\nWhy does he say なかなか顔の皮分厚い and what does it mean?\n\nAs its not obvious from context, スヴェータ is a bomb.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T17:22:53.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38270",
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"owner_user_id": "17401",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of なかなか顔の皮分厚い",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "It's based on the idiomatic expression 面{つら}の皮{かわ}が厚い{あつい} (\"(one's) facial\nskin is thick\"), meaning someone _has some nerve_ or _is shameless_. In the\nquote 顔{かお}の皮{かわ}分厚い{ぶあつい}, 面{つら} is swapped for 顔{かお} (both mean the same\nthing: _face_ ), 厚い{あつい} becomes more emphatic 分厚い{ぶあつい}, and the subject\nmarker が is dropped, as sometimes happens in casual conversation. なかなか is a\nmoderate intensifier (like \"quite\" or \"rather\").\n\nThe person is probably referring to スヴェータ's readiness and bare-facedness in\nadmitting that she will, indeed, explode.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T12:19:34.983",
"id": "38281",
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| 38270 | null | 38281 |
{
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"body": "While looking at example sentences, I came across this on tangorin:\n\n彼{かれ}は視力{しりょく}を失{うし}った。\n\nMy understanding is that this is still the verb 失{うしな}う. Searching for the\nkana form うしった hasn't led to any results.\n\nIf all this is true, why is part of the verb being truncated? Is this a common\nshortening?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T19:21:00.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "17404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Contraction of past form of 失う？",
"view_count": 82
} | []
| 38272 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "In many things I read question marks are used after what is obviously a\nquestion, but sometimes they are not used (even though it is the same person\nwho wrote it).\n\nIs there a reason why, even stuff written by the same person, can be so\ninconsistent with regards to questions having question marks?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T19:53:10.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38274",
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"owner_user_id": "17401",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"orthography"
],
"title": "Is there a reason why some questions have question marks and other don't?",
"view_count": 659
} | [
{
"body": "I would say that if the \"ka\" is used, then a question mark is unnecessary,\nunless it is used as a courtesy to foreigners reading it. One user may forget\nto use it sometimes because they are not used to using it at all in their\nnative language. What source are you looking at for someone using/not using\nit? It might help slightly with a better answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T10:18:24.833",
"id": "38307",
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{
"body": "As I see it, it is mainly linked to the speech politeness that is used. In\ninformal speech, the question form is achieved by intonation mainly (and\noften, some additional particles at the end), so in writing the question mark\nis necessary. In formal speech, question particle is mandatory, so question\nmark is redundant (and thus, not used):\n\nex. informal: 食べる。\"Taberu.\" (I) will eat. 食べる？ \"Taberu?\" Will you eat? (the\nsubject is often ambiguous in Japanese, because it is not mandatory to include\nit) or \"Taberu no?\" Will you eat?\"\n\nversus formal: 食べます。\"Tabemasu.\" I will eat. 食べますか。\"Tabemasuka.\" Will you eat?\nThe \"ka\" particle indicates, that is is a question - the question mark is\nunnecessary here.\n\nOr maybe you have some real-world examples, that one about you wrote? If so,\nplease post it, and I will try to better grasp the case and explain it\nfurther.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T18:08:41.203",
"id": "38315",
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},
{
"body": "I agree with Ronk's answer. Many people are just not conscious of orthographic\ninconsistency.\n\nFrom a point of view of oral reading, question marks often indicate a strong\naccent on the last character of the sentence to emphasize it's a question\n(even if without using か) as seen in other languages as well.\n\n> [これですか？]{LHLLH}\n>\n> [これですか。]{LHLLL}\n>\n> [どれにする？]{HLLLH}\n\nIn old novels, there might be a question without question mark nor か, like\n\n> [どれにする。]{HLLLL}",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-09T06:07:43.960",
"id": "38331",
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{
"body": "It can't be explained in terms of a single factor.\n\n * **Historical change of language** \nInterestingly, the question mark (along with exclamation) isn't defined in\nJapanese orthography. Traditional Japanese language always has a question\nparticle or a question word in an interrogative sentence, which makes question\nmark unnecessary. However, as modern spoken language comes to substitute\nrising intonation for question particle more and more, explicit question mark\nis needed more and more to avoid misunderstanding. For this reason, recent\nwriters use the symbol more than old-time writers.\n\n * **Writers' styles** \nOf course, it isn't that simple as every writer in a generation uses question\nmarks uniformly. Some of them use them in very conservatively, while others do\nnear-obligatory, even for similar content. Maybe you find great inconsistency\namong writers, but think it as their writing styles.\n\n * **The meaning of the sign** \nThe question mark is a punctuation, but as its introduction to Japanese as\nreplacement for question particles, more and more people have gotten to\nunderstand this symbol as a phonogram -- that directly transcribes rising\nintonation itself. If the writer maintains this stance, you can no more expect\nthe symbol to be indication of question; they don't put it in question where\nthe rising pitch is absent or weak (such as in rhetorical question), but\nattach it when the rising appears outside question (such as in\n[uptalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_rising_terminal)?).",
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}
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| 38274 | null | 38307 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38278",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would one politely assure another that there is no need to apologize? For\nformal use I think it might be 謝られる必要はありません; does this sound good?\n\nFor more casual use, could you say いえ like when you respond to thanks?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-06T20:53:51.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38275",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Ways to say 'You needn't apologize'",
"view_count": 3127
} | [
{
"body": "How about...\n\n> * (いえいえ、) 謝っていただくことはありません(よ)。\n> * (いえいえ、) 謝っていただくことではありません(よ)。\n> * (いえいえ、) 謝っていただかなくていいんです(よ)。\n> * (いえいえ、) 謝っていただくことなんか(何も)ありません(よ)。\n> * (いや、/ いやいや、/ううん、etc.) 謝らなくていい(んだ)よ。 -- casual\n> * (いや、/ いやいや、/ううん、etc.) 謝ることないよ。 -- casual\n> * (いや、/ いやいや、/ううん、etc.) 謝ることなんか(何も)ないよ。 -- casual\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T00:21:55.290",
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| 38275 | 38278 | 38278 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38301",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "when should I use ka as question marker and when should I use no ka?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-07T00:56:50.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38279",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "when no ka question mark is used instead of ka?",
"view_count": 2194
} | [
{
"body": "In conversation especially this is important and really depends on who one is\nspeaking to and how formal your speech is.\n\nFor example if asking someone where they went...\n\nAsking someone of authority (using keigo) どこにいきになりましたか？one would use か at the\nend. \nAsking someone you are mildly acquainted with どこにいきましたか? か would still be\npresent \nAsking your best friend you've known all your life どこにいった/どこにいったの？you don't\nhave to use か here or you could also end with の.\n\nWhen writing sentences, as not to cause confusion, please use か to make it\nobvious to the reader that a question has been asked, unless it has been made\nblatantly clear that casual speech is being used.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T03:23:49.137",
"id": "38301",
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| 38279 | 38301 | 38301 |
{
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"body": "What is the difference between chan and san and sempai?",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T14:40:37.457",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"honorifics"
],
"title": "What is the difference between chan and san and sempai?",
"view_count": 1561
} | [
{
"body": "**San** title of respect typically used between equals of any age.\n\n**Chan** it expresses that the speaker finds a person endearing. It comes from\na \"cute\" pronouncing of -san (in Japanese, replacing s sounds with ch sounds\nis seen as cute). In general, chan is used for babies, young children,\ngrandparents and teenagers.\n\n**Sempai** is used to address or refer to one's senior colleagues (respected\ncolleagues) in a school, dojo, or sports club. So at school, the students in\nhigher grades than oneself are senpai.\n\ncrédit :\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_honorifics#Senpai_and_k.C5.8Dhai>",
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| 38282 | null | 38284 |
{
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"body": "Can someone help me with that, I'm not sure about the translation.\n\n\" **紹介してもいいんですけれどもね｡** \"\n\nI translate this like this but I not sure about it :\n\n\" **It also would be great to make the presentation** \"\n\nor maybe it's just\n\n\"It's not necessary to make presentation\"\n\nI'm not sure about **もいいんです**",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T17:51:56.037",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "紹介してもいいんですけれどもね｡",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "～してもいい is commonly used to give or request permission, e.g. 「入っ **てもいい**\nですよ。」\"You may come in.\" (giving permission) / 「電話を借り **てもいい** ですか？」\"May I use\nyour phone?\" (requesting permission). **But** in your example:\n\n> 紹介 **してもいい** んですけれどもね｡\n\nthe してもいい means \"I am willing to do~~\" \"I am ready to do~~\", rather than \"I\nmay~~ / I am allowed to~~\".\n\n> \" **I am willing to** introduce (someone/something)(to someone), but...\"\n\nThe ～けれどもね at the end, literally \"Although...\" or \"... but\", adds a nuance of\nuncertainty, hesitation or maybe reluctance, like \"...but only if~~\" or\n\"...but I'm not sure~~\", depending on the context.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-08T13:52:53.330",
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{
"body": "* I can introduce you, but ... \n * I am OK to introduce you, but ...\n * I would be OK to introduce you.",
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| 38283 | null | 38311 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38324",
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"body": "> 彼の性格が読めてきたような気がしないでもなかった\n\nしない is a negative conjugation of する\n\nAnd from what I understand でもなかった is the equivalent of \"was not\"\n\nSo it's a double denial? How does this work?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T19:33:30.870",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"negation"
],
"title": "The meaning of しないでもなかった",
"view_count": 854
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, しないでもない (≒しなくもない） is a double-negative construction, which can be seen as\na set phrase used to say something less confidently, or to reluctantly admit\nsomething.\n\n> 彼の性格が読めてきたような気がしないでもなかった \n> (lit.) It was not that I didn't feel I came to be able to read his\n> character. \n> I feel I have gradually learnt how to understand his character.\n\nSimilar examples:\n\n> * 失敗だったと言えなくもない。 ≒ 失敗だったと言えないでもない。 \n> (lit.) It is not that one cannot say it was a failure. \n> One could argue that it was a failure.\n> * 100万円はなくもない。 ≒ 100万円はないでもない。 \n> (lit.) It is not that I don't have one million yen. \n> (Admittedly,) I have one million yen.\n>",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-09T00:48:10.533",
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| 38287 | 38324 | 38324 |
{
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"body": "個人的にはお姫様キャラっぽくて、こういうのも悪くない気もしないでもないかな\n\nでもない is like \"denying explicitly one thing and also denying explicitly the\nother thing as well\"\n\nSo でもない is supposed to deny the previous 2 ない's which would mean the sentence\nis in an affirmative state ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T20:26:31.650",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "How do the denials work in this case?",
"view_count": 50
} | []
| 38288 | null | null |
{
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"body": "1. \"Aoi no hon wa koko desu.\" (A blue book here, is) or\n 2. \"Koko ni aoi no hon ga arimasu.\" (Here a blue book is)\n\nIs one MORE correct than the other? Is one more casual, and the other formal?\nIs one COMPLETELY wrong?\n\nFeel free to give other examples as well, even \"imasu\" examples of animate\nobjects.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T21:15:31.327",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "青いの本はここです or ここに青いの本があります",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. 「青いの本わここです。」\n>\n\nshould be\n\n> 1. 「青い本はここです。」\n>\n\nThe の particle isn't necessary when an adjective is modifying a noun.\n\n> 2. 「ここに青いの本があります。」\n>\n\nshould be\n\n> 2. 「ここに青い本があります。」\n>\n\nYou were pretty close to perfect, although the の still isn't necessary.\n\nI'd say the two phrases mean the exact same thing, but how they might come\nabout would be different. So if someone asked 「青い本はどこですか？」, you'd reply with\nthe first sentence. But if they asked 「そこに何がありますか？」, you'd reply with the\nsecond.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T23:50:41.737",
"id": "38294",
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| 38289 | null | 38294 |
{
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"body": "> 反応速度論の目的は反応速度を解析することで、反応機構や化学反応の物理学的本質を解明することにあった。\n\nThe above sentence is from the Wikipedia article\n[反応速度論](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E8%AB%96).\nI don't understand the use of the particle に at the end. In scientific\nwriting, I expected であった or in this case である, since this field of study still\nexists and is not in the past.\n\nCould this be a typo, or is it a real grammatical construction. If the latter,\nhow is this structure typically used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-07T23:18:09.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38290",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T00:51:10.280",
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"owner_user_id": "17416",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "にあった instead of であった",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "No, it's not a typo.\n\nThat に is a location particle and the あった is the past-tense form of ある, the\ninanimate existential verb. So an English equivalent would be:\n\n> The object (...) **consisted in** (...).\n\nOn the other hand, である is a copula, thus the English version would have been:\n\n> The object (...) **was** (...).\n\nAs to why it's にあった, not にある, that's because the sentence does seem to talk\nabout what the object of 反応速度論 was -- no, I mean _consisted in_ , in the past.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-08T00:35:27.407",
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| 38290 | null | 38295 |
{
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"body": "If someone says 「もうその呼{よ}び方{かた}をやめてください。」, does it mean:\n\n 1. Stop calling me that already. \n 2. Stop calling me that now. \n 3. Don't call me that anymore.\n\nHow do もう and やめる interact?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T23:21:54.450",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does もうやめてください mean?",
"view_count": 2351
} | [
{
"body": "I think it means the sentence 3. The usage of this もう is 4 in this dictionary\nand it means \"anymore\".\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/218382/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%82%E3%81%86/>\n\nOther sayings of the sentence are もうそう呼ぶのをやめてください, もうそう呼ばないでください,etc.\n\nBy the way, could you teach me the meaning of \"already\" in \"Stop calling me\nthat already\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T02:10:10.350",
"id": "38297",
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{
"body": "やめる means 'to quit' so もうやめてください essentially means \"please quit it\" and もう\nemphasizes annoyance implying that someone has continued to do something much\nto one's repeating request of cessation.\n\nHope this helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T03:07:18.183",
"id": "38299",
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{
"body": "[Another explanation of もう from\n大辞林.](http://www.excite.co.jp/world/j_dictionary/ITEM-\nDJR_mou_-070/%E3%82%82%E3%81%86/beginswith/%E3%82%82%E3%81%86/?itemid=DJR_mou_-070)\n\nIt seems that No. 1, 2, and 3 in goo国語辞書（from 大辞泉） correspond to No. 4, 2, and\n3 in 大辞林. No. 4 and 5 in goo国語辞書 are variations of No. 1 in 大辞林 segmentalized\nwith emotional contexts.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-08T04:34:02.940",
"id": "38303",
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{
"body": "Just to add another possible meaning\n\n> Enough Already!\n\n<https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/c0489fc3-fc41-40d8-8577-c16ea5b01d2c>\n\n<https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/dec0882f-7958-41f9-a04e-b3ba26b77a1f>\n\n<https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/0a697cc7-ae97-4932-beae-a3f0a872ff4d>\n\n<https://vlipsy.com/vlip/zoolander-shutup-enough-already-ballstein-ANT48IkW>\n\nand similar phrases like\n\n> Enough is Enough!\n\nSaid when someone wants someone else to stop with something annoying. For\nexample arguing long past the point of needed to argue or going into too much\ndetails too long or just badgering someone too long etc ... Two kids having a\nstupid argument and the mom saying \"ENOUGH ALREADY! If you two don't stop\nimmediately you're grounded\".\n\nIs a common English phrase that もうやめなさい would generally fit. I suppose\nもうやめてください is slightly less blunt but still seems like it fits \"Enough Already\"\ndepending on the situation and the way it's said. Maybe \"Please, enough\nalready\" if speaker is annoyed but adds in the \"please\" just to make it less\nangry.\n\n> # enough already\n>\n> ### meaning:\n>\n> used for saying that you want something to stop\n>\n> ### Synonyms and related words:\n>\n> **Ways of telling someone to stop doing something** : stop it/that, hands\n> off, give something a rest...\n\n * stop it! = enough already! (see above)\n * stop it! = やめてください／やめなさい\n * already = もう\n * enough already! = もうやめてください／もうやめなさい\n\nThis is one of many correct translations depending on the situation.\n\nNote that it can be shorted to just Enough!\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXyamiWqGA0>\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FoW9mMJwIDQ>",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-08T07:47:09.677",
"id": "38304",
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{
"body": "The speaker is expressing (with some exasperation) that they wish for the\naddressee to stop using a certain way of addressing them (i.e. a nickname).\n\nAs an example, if a childhood friend calls you by your nickname from a long\ntime ago, you might say もうその呼び方をやめてください because you prefer a different\nnickname now. Another reason for wanting them to stop using that nickname is\nperhaps a change in your relationship that either made you closer or farther\napart.\n\nSomewhat literally: もう [Already] その呼び方 [that way of calling (me)] をやめてください\n[Please stop] \nI'd translate this as: \"Please stop calling me that already.\"",
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| 38291 | null | 38299 |
{
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"body": "I have a sentence \" _I study because I'm a student_ \":\n\n> 私は学生だから私は勉強する\n\nCan I replace the だ in だから with です to make it more polite? In the following\nway:\n\n> 私は学生ですから私は勉強する\n\nPlease correct me if my original sentence is wrong.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-07T23:34:08.137",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Compound sentence and politeness",
"view_count": 216
} | [
{
"body": "The most important verb is the one at the end. If you replace だ with です but\ndon't change する to します, you haven't really gained any politeness; it's just\nunnatural.\n\nThe two below are okay, though. The second is the most polite, best for\ntalking to strangers and people who outrank you socially. The first is good\nfor senpai, who are often basically friends who are older than you. (Note that\nJapanese people never use the word \"friend\" (友達) to describe someone more than\na year or so older than them, in my experience.)\n\n> 私は学生だから勉強します。 \n> 私は学生ですから勉強します。\n\n(You don't need 私は more than once.)",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 38292 | 38293 | 38293 |
{
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"body": "Are there rules for when pronouns in Japanese can be omitted or you learn that\nby experience only?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T01:11:32.107",
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Are there rules for when pronouns in Japanese can be omitted?",
"view_count": 720
} | [
{
"body": "Pronouns are usually dropped IF the subject is OBVIOUSLY known. Examples in\nEnglish:\n\n1) \"Do you want to go get lunch?\"\n\n2) \"Want to go to lunch?\" (When the person knows you are speaking directly to\nthem)\n\n3) \"Lunch?\" VERY informal.\n\nAlso... dropping the \"Anata wa\" after asking multiple people, you can add\n\"Anata GA\" to emphasize to ONE person that you mean them specifically, and\navoid ambiguity. Similar to in english: \"Lunch?\" \"Want lunch?\" \"You?\" \"Hey\nyou, Do YOU want some lunch?\" (Ga fits here)\n\nI would not call it a \"topic change\", but it draws the attention of the one\nperson after the repitition might have made them numb to the fact that you\nwere speaking to them specifically, instead of just asking EVERYONE.\n\nAlso, this is all CASUAL conversation. In formal conversation you DO NOT drop\nthe subject, in fact \"anata\" might not even be appropriate. You should try to\nuse the persons NAME-san (sama) or their TITLE to show propper respect.",
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| 38296 | 38308 | 38308 |
{
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"body": "I found a sentence as follows.\n\n> 体が丈夫 **でない** ことには、何もすることができない。\n\nでない is the negation of である.\n\nMy question is that\n\nCan we use either じゃない or ではない in addition to でない for the given sentence\nabove?",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can we use either じゃない or ではない in addition to でない for ～ないことには?",
"view_count": 497
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{
"body": "Yes you can say:\n\n> 体が丈夫じゃないことには、何もすることができない。\n\nBut you cannot say:\n\n> 体が丈夫ではないことには、何もすることができない。\n\nPerhaps because は is already used after に.\n\nWell, じゃ is explained as the \"casual version of では\", so I know it doesn't look\nconsistent. I'm not sure, but maybe the \"one _wa_ per clause\" rule can be\nloosened when じゃ is used?",
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| 38298 | null | 38325 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38328",
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"body": "I told my teacher that I wanted to start writing something for each class so\nthat I could practice the stuff I was learning. Something like a diary if you\nwill. Jokingly, she asked me if I was going to be a _< Japanese phrase that I\nforgot>_ and when I asked her to explain she said that the phrase was used to\ndescribe people who say they are going to do something periodically but just\ndo it once and then quit.\n\nFor the life of me I can't find what the term was in my notes. Does anyone\nknow what I'm talking about?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T03:43:39.043",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "\"One time wonder\"",
"view_count": 169
} | [
{
"body": "She probably said [三日坊主]{みっかぼうず}.\n\n三日坊主 literally means \"three-day monk\". It's a proverb/saying used to describe\nsomeone who can't stick to anything for a long time, or the act/situation of\ngiving up one's resolution easily. I think [this\npage](http://squatrx.blogspot.jp/2008/01/mikka-bouzu.html) explains the word\nbeautifully: \"It is used to describe people who start things with big promises\nand great enthusiasm, but never see them through to the end. A person who\ndecides to get in shape, buys a $1000 membership to a health club and a new\ntraining wardrobe, and ends up training like gangbusters only to quit three\nweeks later would be a 三日坊主.\" For example, you use it this way:\n\n> * 日記をつけ始めたけど、三日坊主に終わった。 \n> I started to keep a diary, but ended up in 三日坊主. / gave up in a day or two.\n> * あの人は何をやっても三日坊主だ。 \n> He can never stick to anything.\n>",
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| 38302 | 38328 | 38328 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40434",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Yesterday I saw the movie \"Atelier\", and I heard the phrase め **っ** ちゃくちゃ. Is\nit grammatically correct? And how to translate it?\n\nCan emphasized め **っ** ちゃくちゃ be found in official literature? Google shows\nabout 999,000 results.. And めちゃくちゃ - 42,900,000 results.\n\nCan someone answer it, not just give a down-votes? I will not give up :)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T09:44:49.203",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Difference between めっちゃくちゃ and めちゃくちゃ",
"view_count": 6481
} | [
{
"body": "while the (linked) weblio entry is obviously (and almost exhaustively, not to\nsay exhaustingly) correct…. in my experience the word is used colloquially\nalmost similarly to すごい or とてもとても as in 景色はめちゃくちゃ奇麗 or パーティーはめちゃくちゃ楽しかった and\nthe degree of emphasis placed on it by the speaker also affects the degree of\nmeaning, as with any language… think about how many intonations you can put on\nthe word 'yes', each of them adding a different nuance…. all very びみょう… but\nfun….",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-08T22:52:08.497",
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"body": "Today, some young Japanese people often use the word \"めっちゃ\" in informal\nsituation. It means \"very\" (or \"quite\", \"totally\", \"extremely\", and so on).\n\nThey sometimes repeat \"っ\" in \"めっちゃ\" for more emphasis. \"めっっっちゃ楽しかった！\" means\n\"It was very very very fun!\". Maybe this usage is not on the any Japanese\nsyntax books, but can be understand by most Japanese people.\n\nProbably, \"めっちゃ\" comes from \"めちゃくちゃ（滅茶苦茶）\". I have never seen the word\n\"めっちゃくちゃ\". But I can understand it like \"めっちゃ\", as emphasizing\n\"めちゃくちゃ\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T10:35:04.333",
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"body": "The difference is that the version with っ is more emotive and/or emphatic.\nThis is not unique to めっちゃ:\n\n * [やはり→やっぱり](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/418/542)\n * [とても→とっても](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/808/542)\n\nIt is more emotive and it closes the distance between the speaker and\nlistener. If the speaker was in an official or a formal role such as a person\ngiving a speech at a conference or addressing an important person, the use of\nthe emotive version causes the speaker to be perceived as representing his\npersonal self instead of representing his official post or role at that time.\nAs such it may be unsuitable for formal use, and hence may possibly be\nperceived as rude or impolite for being incongruent with the social situation\nat hand.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T10:49:22.880",
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| 38306 | 40434 | 40434 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38330",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Recently I purchased a series of light novels and on the very first page there\nis this sentence: \"いい、ソースケ?\"\n\nThe only possible translations I could come up with were: \"OK, Sousuke?\" or\n\"Ready, Sousuke?\"\n\nBut in the \"official\" (TokyoPop) translation, it translates it as: \"Pay\nattention, Sausuke!\"\n\nI just couldn't find ANYTHING on this topic, so I would appreciate it if\nanyone could help me understand what this \"いい\" means. Thanks in advance ^_^\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K6T0Z.jpg)[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FqKZi.jpg)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T12:32:56.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38310",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-09T04:38:16.493",
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"owner_user_id": "17426",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"interjections"
],
"title": "いい at the beginning of a sentence",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "This type of いい (or いいか, いいですか, etc) is used _before_ the important\ninformation is conveyed, to draw the listener's attention. This can be safely\ntranslated as \"mind you\", \"listen\" or \"remember\". \"Pay attention\" also seems\nto be a good translation to me.\n\nThe question mark at the end of the sentence represents the rising tone of the\nspeaker, and it's just another way to add the feeling of \"..., you got it?\",\n\"..., okay?\" to the sentence.\n\nExamples:\n\n> * いいか、締め切りは明日だぞ？ \n> **Remember** , the deadline is tomorrow.\n> * いいですか、これは秘密ですよ？ \n> **Mind you** , this is a secret.\n>",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-09T04:55:23.920",
"id": "38330",
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{
"body": "I interplete Kaname's line, \"いい、ソースケ？A4のコピー用紙200枚よ？\" is making sure to Sosuke\nthat they are going to carry away four bundles of copy paper, and \"いい?” here\nmeans \"Are you sure (certain)?,\"comfirming if Sosuke is fully aware of his\nrole.\n\nIn another way, Kaname is saying; \"Listen, Sosuke. We are going to carry away\n2000 sheets of A4 size copy paper.\"\n\nI can understand why the question mark is put after \"いい、ソースケ,\" but don't\nunderstand why the question mark is required after \"A4のコピー用紙200枚よ.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-09T06:18:15.563",
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| 38310 | 38330 | 38330 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38326",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> …接客用のメイドなんだから、泣くのはともかく笑えなくなるのって相当まずくない…？\n\nともかく is usually\n\n> anyhow / at any rate / be that as it may / setting aside / is one thing\n\nHowever using it like that the sentence would come out like\n\nSince she's a maid for serving customers crying is one thing but isn't it\nconsiderably bad not being able to smile ?\n\nSomehow it doesn't sound right. It makes it appear that the crying thing is\nrather acceptable while the biggest problem is not being able to smile.\nShouldn't this be inverted, that it's one thing not being able to smile but\ncrying is pretty bad ?\n\nWhen ともかく is between verbs does it change it's priority ? Can someone explain\n?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-08T16:42:09.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38312",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can you explain ともかく in this case?",
"view_count": 464
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's saying: crying is _definitely_ bad but (not considering that for\nthe current moment) isn't not being able to smile pretty bad?",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-08T16:54:33.643",
"id": "38314",
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"body": "～はともかく is a common set phrase which is used like a conjunctive meaning\n_putting aside_ or _aside from_.\n\nFrom [デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/160357/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> ２ （「…はともかく」の形で）…は別として。…はさておき。「交通の便は―、閑静でいい」\n\nThe speaker says that her inability to cry is a less important problem which\ncould be put aside (because she doesn't have to cry when working as a maid),\nbut her inability to smile is a critical problem as a maid.\n\nYou can find [more examples on\nJGram](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=hatomokaku).",
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| 38312 | 38326 | 38326 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38333",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I get it that なって is a conjugation of なる (to become)\n\nHowever, there are some thing I don't get, for example:\n\n> 1 真赤になって怒っている.\n>\n> He is red with anger.\n\nなっている is the present progressive. However if you put a verb or anything of the\nsort between なって and いる will it still have the same meaning or is the meaning\ndifferent ?\n\n> 2 今週になって急速に株価が波乱含みになってきた.\n>\n> Share prices are getting confused rapidly this week.\n\nA conjugation of なって by itself without anything following it like (いる/でしょう\netc.) doesn't exist from what I know. In that case what does it mean here?\n(The first one)\n\nAlso the きた which is after the なって (2nd) is also not a conjugation (from what\nI know) \nSo how does that work?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T18:19:27.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38316",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can someone give me a thorough explanation on なって?",
"view_count": 3617
} | [
{
"body": "If the question 1 is asking if \"なって\" is \"become\", then it is yes. It consists\nof two parts.\n\n 1. (顔が) 真赤になっている \nThe face has turned red and it is now (because of anger). The state of the\nface.\n\n 2. 怒っている \nBeing furious. The state of the mind.\n\nFor question 2, \"今週になって寒くなった\" can be simpler to illustrate.\n\n 1. 今週になった \nThe previous week has passed and a new week has began. Having turned into a\nnew phase, also contrasting this week with before.\n\n 2. 寒くなった \nIt has got cold. The state of climate condition has changed.\n\nMeaning, it was not so cold last week, however after the new week has started,\nthe weather changed and it is cold now.\n\nOther examples.\n\n * シーズン２になって、話がつまらなくなった \nWith the season turned into the second, the story has got uninteresting.\n\nI would suggest looking for a clue of change in state or phase. Such as:\n\nHe graduated high school and became a university student, and his attitude has\nchanged drastically => 大学生になって、態度が変わった。\n\nAfter the company has had a new CEO, the performance has slowed down =>\n新社長になって、業績が低迷した。",
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| 38316 | 38333 | 38333 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38329",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I understand that both translate as meaning 'a large quantity' of something,\nbut is there any practical difference between たくさん and いっぱい, and circumstances\nwhere you would or wouldn't use one over the other? Or is it similar to the\ndifference between 'lots' and 'many' in English?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-08T20:04:52.653",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between たくさん and いっぱい?",
"view_count": 5282
} | [
{
"body": "Both \"たくさん/ 沢山\" and \"いっぱい/ 一杯\" mean \"a lot (plenty) of\" and \"many,\" and used\ncommonly. But to me, \"いっぱい/一杯\" sounds more colloqual and familiar with than\n\"たくさん/沢山,\" though the latter isn't a big word at all.\n\nFor instance, I say \"京都は見所が一杯ある \"現場は報道記者がいっぱいいた\" in conversation. But I would\nwrite \"京都は見どころが沢山ある,\"\"現場は報道記者が沢山詰めかけていた\" to describe the same thing - \"There\nare lot of places worth visiting in Kyoto\" and \"There were a lot of reporters\non the site (of crime)\" in writing.\n\n\"いっぱい\" also means \"to the full,\" or \"to the limit\" like \"精一杯頑張ります - I'll make\nmy best (full effort),\" \"落ち葉が道路一杯に散乱している - The dead leaves spread all over the\npavement.\"",
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"body": "たくさん and いっぱい can mean \"many\" \"a lot\", and they can be used interchangeably in\nsome cases (especially when used adverbially), e.g.:\n\n> * たくさん勉強しました。 \n> いっぱい勉強しました。 \n> I studied a lot.\n> * 私の家には本がたくさんあります。 \n> 私の家には本がいっぱいあります。 \n> There're a lot of books in my house.\n>\n\nWhen used in this sense, いっぱい sounds more colloquial than たくさん.\n\nAnd, 「たくさん **の** + noun」(a lot of~~) sounds okay to me, e.g. 「たくさんの木/木々」 \"a\nlot of trees\" / 「たくさんの雪が降った。」 \"We had a lot of snow.\", but 「いっぱい **の** + noun」\nsounds a bit unnatural, e.g. ?「いっぱいの木/木々」 / ?「いっぱいの雪が降った。」.\n「木がいっぱい…」「いっぱい木が…」「いっぱい雪が降った。」「雪がいっぱい降った。」 sound more natural. (You'd use\n「いっぱい **の** ～」 like 「人 **で** いっぱいの部屋」 \"a room full of people\")\n\nたくさん and いっぱい have other meanings, and cannot be used interchangeably in some\ncases, e.g.:\n\n> * お腹がいっぱいです。(×お腹がたくさんです) \n> I am full.\n> * 風呂の水がいっぱいになった。(×風呂の水がたくさんになった) \n> The bathtub is filled with water.\n> * 店内は人でいっぱいです。(×店内は人でたくさんです) \n> The store is full of people.\n> * 千円もあればたくさんです。(≂じゅうぶんです)（×千円もあればいっぱいです） \n> 1,000 yen will do/suffice.\n> * 君のバカ話はもうたくさんだ！(×もういっぱいだ) \n> I've had enough of / I'm fed up with your silly chatter.\n>",
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}
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| 38318 | 38329 | 38329 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38322",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference in nuance between:\n\n> (1) 今は、私にとっては大学卒業式に最も近い経験 **ということ** になっている。\n\nand\n\n> (2) 今は、私にとっては大学卒業式に最も近い経験になっている。\n\nPersonally, I'd always say #2. Is there a context when #2 is absolutely wrong?\ntoo unnatural?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-08T20:29:50.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38320",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "\"経験になる\" difference with \"経験ということになる\"?",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "Sentence (2) is the neutral one.\n\n～ということになっている is a set phrase meaning \"(externally) is said to be ～\",\n\"allegedly is ～\". If you use Sentence (1), people will wonder if there is\nanother event in your mind which was closer to the 大学卒業式.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-09T00:04:31.030",
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}
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| 38320 | 38322 | 38322 |
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"body": "Browsing the example of\n[決める](http://tangorin.com/examples/%E6%B1%BA%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B), I found at\nleast there are 3 patterns as follows:\n\n * 行く **と** 決めた。I decided to go.\n\n * 行くまい **と** 決めた。I decided not to go.\n\n * 車を買うこと **に** 決めた。I decided to buy a car.\n\n * 会議の日 **を** 決めた。I decided the meeting date.\n\n# Questions\n\n * Are my conclusions below correct?\n\n * ～に決める can only follow こと.\n * ～と決める can only follow verb in dictionary form.\n * ～を決める can follow any noun.\n * Which is the correct interpretation of「私たちは、会議の日を三月四日に決めた。」?\n\n * We decided the meeting date to be March 4.\n\n * We decided the meeting date on March 4. (But the meeting date is unspecified)",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"particles"
],
"title": "The correct usage of ～と決める, ～に決める, and ～を決める",
"view_count": 9585
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{
"body": "**1.** Basically you follow the next template:\n\n> (the thing/subject the decision is assigned to, i.e. the direct object) +\n> **を** (what was decided to be) + **に/と** + 決めた\n\nBased on this, we can also see this pattern:\n\n> (constant) + **を** (variable) + **に/と** + 決めた\n\n * **を** is used to unite a transitive verb such as 決める with its direct object. It answers the question \"What is subject to decision?\".\n\n * **に** among other uses marks a direction (we often use **\" to\"** as a translation); this direction can also point to intangible things like ideas or decisions, for example:\n\n> 朝食をホットケーキに決めました。\n>\n> **More natural translation** : I decided to eat hotcakes as breakfast.\n>\n> **More literal translation** : I decided breakfast **to (be)** hotcakes.\n\nWe can then say **に** it will answer the question \"What is the decision?\".\n\n * Now the use of **と** instead of に in the formula is tricky, it implies the subtlety of something **\" arriving to its final state\"**. It will also answer \"What is the decision?\" but with a definitive tone.\n\nWe can see this behaviour as well with the verb **なる** in **に + なる** and **と +\nなる** :\n\n> やっと先生 **に** なりました！\n>\n> I finally became a teacher!\n>\n> やっと先生 **と** なりました！\n>\n> I finally became a teacher! **(Implying the speaker sees becoming a teacher\n> as some sort of final stage, maybe it finally got a degree for becoming so\n> after a long time and can finally begin to work).**\n\n**2.** Think about the above and you'll find the answer to your questions:\n\n> Are my conclusions below correct?\n>\n> ～に決める can only follow こと.\n>\n> ～と決める can only follow verb in dictionary form.\n>\n> ～を決める can follow any noun.\n\nAnswer is none of those conclusions is correct, the summarised pattern is as\nfollows:\n\n> **noun** + **を** + **noun** * + **に/と** + 決めた\n\n* **Note** : The second noun of the formula may not be a noun per se but a verb or even an adjective put in a \"noun-form\" with the help of things like こと, 連用形, 連体形 etc...\n\n> Which is the correct interpretation of 「私たちは、会議の日を三月四日に決めた。」?\n\nThe first one, following the patterns I showed you we can see that the meeting\ndate was the subject being put to decision and that March 4 is the decision\noutcome.",
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"body": "The different particles used with `決める` can express slightly different\nmeanings. Just as in English there may be some overlap in how you can use\nthem, but here are the primary functions of the particles as used with 決める.\n\n**(1) ～を決める** \nを marks the direct object of 決める. It merely tells us that something is being\ndecided (without necessarily explicitly stating what the outcome of the\ndecision was).\n\n> 小説のタイトルを決めた。 \n> I decided the title of the novel.\n\nIn this sentence you aren't saying what the title is, only that you have\ndecided what it is. The title is the object of the deciding-action, hence it\nis marked with を.\n\n> 会議の日を決める \n> to decide the date of the meeting\n\n....................................................................................................................................\n\n**(2a) ～に決める** \nに is used to specify what the outcome of the decision was. Whereas を simply\ntold us that a decision is being taken about something, に is used to\nsupplement that information by explicitly stating what the result of the\ndecision is. In other words, に marks the stated/named end result of the\ndecision.\n\n> 小説のタイトルを「ぼっちゃん」に決めた。 \n> I decided on \"Bocchan\" as the title of the novel.\n>\n> 会議の日を23日に決める \n> to decide on the 23rd as the date of the meeting\n\n**(2b) ～に決める** \nに can also be used to mark the time at which a decision is made. This is a\nstandard use of に which is unrelated to your specific question. But for\nexample:\n\n> 今日中に決める \n> to decide today\n\n..............................................................................................................................\n\n**(3) ～と決める** \nと is a quotative particle which tells us the content of whatever verb it is\nused with. ～と言った tells us the content of what was said. ～と思った tell us the\ncontent of what was thought. Likewise, ～と決めた tells us the content of what was\ndecided (and it is expressed as a predicate when used with と).\n\n> 小説のタイトルを変えると決めた。 \n> I decided to change the title of the novel.\n>\n> 会議の日を変更すると決める \n> to decide to change the date of the meeting\n\nThis time, と is marking the clause which is reporting the content of the\ndecision (expressed as one complete phrase). \n....................................................................................................................................\n\nTo sum up, you can loosely define the different usages in English as follows:\n\n**～を決める** to decide (something like a day, a time, etc.) \n**～に決める** to decide on (a named outcome like a specific day, time, etc) \n**～と決める** to decide to (+ predicate with contents of decision)",
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"body": "If I think really hard I tend to feel 天下 emphasizes the physical geographic\nrange and 地上 is more about being conceptually humanly or worldly, ie only\nexcluding what is \"out of this world\". For one, 地上最強 is usually more frequent\nthan 天下最強, but I'm unsure if they really differ in that way.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-09T13:42:47.280",
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"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Nuance of 天下 and 地上 in the sense of the entire world",
"view_count": 105
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{
"body": "**天下**\n\n * literally \"under the (same) sky\", \"under the sun\", or \"the whole world insofar as 天 extends\"\n * since 天 also has \"world order\" meaning, what people using the word are concerned is virtually \"the whole world we know\" or \"wherever our society spreads out\"\n * it's basically a secular idea about the visible world that isn't associated with any otherworldly imagination\n * outside fantasy worlds, the word has been reserved for East Asian regions; the original usage was about the world in whose center lies China, but at least [Japanese and Vietnamese tend to apply it to their own territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianxia#Non-Chinese_uses_of_the_term)\n\n**地上**\n\n * literally \"overground\", \"surface\", or \"(all) on the earth\"\n * could be a synonym of \"world\" (= 世界), but also likely to be confined to its literal sense: _earthly world_ as opposed to _heavenly_ or _nether world_ , or _all over the land_ as opposed to _sky_ or _sea_\n * e.g. in [Castle in the Sky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_in_the_Sky) and [Cave Story](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_Story), this word is contrasted to \"the flying island\"\n * e.g. in [One-Punch Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-Punch_Man), this word is contrasted to \"sky\", \"sea\" and \"underground\" (of each territory of monsters)\n * of course the word has much more mundane meanings that English \"ground\" or \"surface\" has\n\n> _地上最強 is usually more frequent than 天下最強_\n\nIt's an interesting point. Indeed we often use 最～ with 地上 but hardly with 天下,\nthough we tend to combine \"incomparable\" with 天下 (天下一, 天下無双 etc.), which in\nturn rarer with 地上. Maybe it has something to do with the nuances that 天下\ncontains some implicit hierarchical order, but 地上 just looks around the world\nplainly.",
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"body": "So there was this sentence in my reading book:\n\n> さらに絵文字や顔文字など使われ大変だが、これはこれで、解読するのが楽しい。\n\nTo my understanding, it would translated to something similar to \"Moreover,\nusing emoji and emoticon can be troublesome, but then again, to try and\ndecipher their meaning is fun\".\n\nHowever, and here comes the problem, in the answer part, the book says this\nsentence is false:\n\n> 絵文字や顔文字を使うのが大変だ。\n\nSo I went ahead and found out that 大変 can also be used as great, immense and\nnot only as hard, troublesome. So am I right in believing that in those two\nsentences 大変 has a different meaning, in the first sentence being great and in\nthe second troublesome? Or is there a grammatical nuance that I am missing?",
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"tags": [
"words"
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"title": "大変 different meanings",
"view_count": 207
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{
"body": "> さらに絵文字や顔文字など使われ大変だが Furthermore, emojis and smileys are used, (so)it's\n> troublesome(difficult).\n>\n> 絵文字や顔文字を使うのが大変だ。 Using emojis and smileys is difficult.\n\nSo, in the first sentence it is stated that the fact that emojis and smileys\n**are used** is troublesome or difficult, but the second sentence states that\n**using** them is difficult which is totally different and thus incorrect.\n\nLet's put attention here in the bold text of the following sentence:\n\n> さらに絵文字や顔文字など **使われ** 大変だが\n\n**使われる** (to be used) is the 受身形(Passive form) of the verb 使う(to use). That\n**使われる** was then taken and put in its 連用形(Continuative form) which is\n**使われ**. Thanks to this form the sentence can be continued just as they teach\nyou to continue sentences with the te-form.\n\nSo the same example can be rewritten in a more \"friendly\" way as:\n\n> さらに絵文字や顔文字など使われて、大変だが Furthermore, emojis and smileys are used, (so)it's\n> troublesome(difficult).\n\nFor more info. I suggest you to google about both **連用形** and **連体形** , it's\npretty educational and cool, you'll learn a lot about adjectives as well with\nthese topics, lots of stuff that is not commonly taught in Japaneae classes.",
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| 38338 | 38340 | 38340 |
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"body": "What do comma-like marks along the word 捨て思い mean on book scan below?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qhixv.jpg)\n\n**Update** : ah, seems to be duplicate of [What are these furigana (or\npunctuation marks)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2768/what-\nare-these-furigana-or-punctuation-marks) and [Do Japanese writers use\nunderline for emphasis?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1735/do-\njapanese-writers-use-underline-for-emphasis) Nevermind then, thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"title": "What do comma-like marks along a word mean?",
"view_count": 70
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| 38339 | null | null |
{
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"body": "The kids are discussing whether they want a male or female trainee teacher.\nOne of them runs in from the playground and says:\n\n> 「やっぱ男じゃねぇとな」\n\nI assume this is a colloquial form of\n\n> 「やっぱり男じゃないと言ったな」 \n> As expected, I said that it's not a man.\n\nI think my translation must be wrong because afterwards we have:\n\n> 「...上品で清楚なレディだとうれしい」 \n> 「いやいやいやン。ああ神様、どうか男の人が来ますように」 \n> ...I'll be happy if it's an elegant well groomed lady \n> No way! Ah, please God, let it be a man.\n\nwhich suggests that they still don't know the identity of the teacher.\n\nHow should I understand やっぱ男じゃねぇとな?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Understanding a colloquial sentence and meaning of やっぱ",
"view_count": 1224
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{
"body": "It's probably やっぱり男じゃないと（できない）な or やっぱり男じゃないと（だめだ）な.\n\nProbably referring to the character wanting a male teacher because of some\ninternal reason (perhaps his image of teachers are male or there is something\nelse previous that gives that impression that he prefers male teacher over\nfemale)",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-09T16:32:28.263",
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"body": "Think of it as the very casual \"Honestly, if it ain't a man, well....\" where\n\"Honestly\" is \"やっぱ(り)\" and \"well\" is \"な\".\n\nThe forms \"-ないとならない\", \"-ないといけない\", or \"-ないとだめ\" are so usual that in spoken\nlanguage it's common to drop what comes after the \"と\". Most likely here, it's\n\"だめ\", expressing the locutor's feelings.\n\nYou can see the parallel in the next sentence: \"... レディだとうれしい\", which quite\nliterally means \"if it's a (...) lady, I'm happy\". Here, the parallel is \"Xだと\n|| feeling\": \"If it's X || I feel happy\"",
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| 38341 | 38342 | 38342 |
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"body": "I study japanese on my own, so i dont really have a teacher to correct my\nsentences. I am trying coming up with some sentences to help me fixating\nthings on my mind.\n\nSo I want to make the following sentence \"everyone said she is not intelligent\nbecause she is beautiful\"\n\nI had already the compound sentence:\n\n> 彼女はきれいだから賢くない です\n\nAnd then I turned it into:\n\n> 皆さん彼女はきれいだから賢くないこと話した\n\nIs it right? Also, can i replace こと for の or のこと? Will it change the meaning\nof the sentence?\n\nOne more thing, is it okay to make such posts on the forum, asking for help on\nsentences and not exactly a grammar aspect? If not please let me know.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"quotes",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "Can I use こと or の to say \"Everyone said that ～\"?",
"view_count": 264
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{
"body": "Do you know [the と particle (aka the quotative\nparticle)](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html)? When you quote\nsomeone's statement, you need to use と instead of を or こと. This sentence\nshould at least be:\n\n> 皆さん彼女はきれいだから賢くないと話した。\n\nThis still sounds unnatural because 皆さん is a fairly polite and formal word,\nwhereas 話した is not polite and the content of the talk itself is not polite.\nThis is a [problem about\nregister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_%28sociolinguistics%29), and\nit's always a difficult part of learning foreign languages. Anyway:\n\n> * 皆さん、彼女はきれいだから賢くないと話していました。 \n> (when you politely report to your boss what you've heard)\n> * 彼女はきれいだから賢くないとみんな話した。 \n> (when you say this not particularly politely)\n>\n\nActually I feel native speakers will choose different phrases to make this\nsound more funny, rude, sarcastic, etc. But perhaps you need to learn the\nbasic grammar first.\n\nAs an aside, when you say \"talk _about_ (some-topic)\", you cannot use と\nbecause it's not a quotation. Instead, you can use\n[～のこと](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2102/5010) like this:\n\n> 皆さん彼女のことを話しています。 Everyone is talking _about_ her.",
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| 38346 | 38352 | 38352 |
{
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"body": "For example, if I were saying \"This was made by him and I,\" would it be\npossible to write it as \"これは彼と私が作りました。\"?\n\nAre you allowed to list multiple things as the subject of the sentence?",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Are you allowed to use と in front of が?",
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{
"body": "Yes you can, and your example sentence looks perfectly fine. You don't have to\nchange the verb form because there is not plural declension in Japanese.",
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"body": "# Japanese\n\n標準語か方言か独自の喋り方かわからないのですが、僕の友達はこのようによく話します：\n\n> すごい綺麗な景色\n\nこの文に対して気になるのは、なぜ「すごい」は形容詞の活用になっているのでしょうか。\n\n形容詞を連続する場合、「すごく、綺麗な」のようにするのが標準語だと思っていました。また、副詞の場合「すごく綺麗な」のようにするのが普通だと思っていました。\n\n上述のように言うのは普通ですか。僕はどこか勘違いしているのでしょうか。\n\n# English\n\nI don't know if this is standard Japanese, a dialect, or an idiolect, but one\nof my friends often speaks in the following way:\n\n> すごい綺麗な景色\n\nWhat interests me here is the \"すごい\" which is being conjugated as an adjective,\nright?\n\nI thought when you have two adjectives next to each other (I guess more\nprecisely here a 形容詞 and 形容動詞) that the adjectival conjugation would be\nすごく、綺麗な and the adverbial would be the すごく綺麗な.\n\nIs the above version correct? Am I misunderstanding something?",
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"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "how to parse すごい綺麗 (連続の形容詞と形容動詞の活用について)",
"view_count": 353
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{
"body": "[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%87%84%E3%81%8F-302309)によりますと：\n\n> 〔近年，くだけた言い方で「すごく」の代わりに「すごいでっかい」「すごいきれいだ」などと言う場合があるが，標準的でないとされる〕\n\nとありますように、比較的新しい使い方で、口語的・俗語的なものだと思います。書き言葉やきちんとした会話においては、「すごく」あるいは「とても」「たいへん」「非常に」などが使われると思いますが（「すごく」も、「大変」などより口語的とされます）、くだけた会話においてはかなり広く「すごい」が副詞的に使われていると思います。したがって、\n\n> すご **い** 綺麗な景色\n\nといった表現は、本来は「すご **く** 綺麗な景色」のように言うべきものですが、くだけた会話ではよく使われていると思います。",
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| 38354 | 38356 | 38356 |
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"body": "I've heard a few times a word \"nakattan\" with n at the end. I know what\nnakatta mean, what does N mean?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"title": "Nakattan -- what does n mean?",
"view_count": 464
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{
"body": "ん is usually the short of の verbally。\n\nIn your case it could become なかったの, which means to emphasize it was not there\nor to ask if it was there.",
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"body": "What's the meaning of \" **きわきわ** \" ?\n\n> A: 使えるコト話せるかな\n>\n> B: 大丈夫かな？\n>\n> C: きわきわですね｡",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of \"きわきわ\"?",
"view_count": 215
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{
"body": "It's a relatively rarely seen mimetic word that acts as adverb and noun, and\nmeans \"(on) the very verge or brink\" (of failure, indecency, or other\ndangerous thing).\n\nEtymologically this word derives from\n[際【きわ】](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/58676/meaning/m0u/) (\"border, limit,\ninstant\") so that has very similar meaning to\n[際どい](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/58695/meaning/m0u/), except that it tells\nvivid sensuous feeling. Synonyms are\n[ぎりぎり](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/58228/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%8E%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8E%E3%82%8A/),\n[すれすれ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/120587/meaning/m0u/),\n[いっぱいいっぱい](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/13623/meaning/m0u/) etc.",
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"body": "I just need a little clarification on the use of ずつ. Since its meaning is \"at\na time\", let's take a look at the following sentence:\n\n> 2回並んで、1枚ずつ整理券をもらった。\n\nSo this means that you got on line twice, and for each time, you received a\nregistered ticket (so in the end, you would have two registered tickets, one\nfor each time). Is this correct? Can someone please give some more examples of\nhow ずつ is used?",
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"title": "ずつ meaning clarification",
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{
"body": "ずつ means something like \"each\" or \"per X unit\" or as you said \"at a time\". The\ncounter before ずつ describes the exact number of parts you have to take out of\na big group of similar things.\n\n> * １枚ずつ = (for) each ticket / sheet of paper\n> * [二人]{ふたり}ずつ並んでください。 = Line up by 2 people.\n> * 少しずつ = step by step\n>",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-10T11:22:16.050",
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"body": "**On your sentence**\n\nYour understanding is correct. You queued twice, and got one ticket each time.\n\n```\n\n 2回並んで、1枚ずつ整理券をもらった。\n I queued twice and got one ticket each time.\n \n 2回並んで、1枚整理券をもらった。\n I queued twice and got (only) one ticket.\n \n 2回並んで、整理券をもらった。\n I queued twice and got a positive, indefinite, amount of tickets.\n \n```\n\nThat being said, in a very contrived context, the following could be correct:\n\n```\n\n 2回並んで、1枚ずつ整理券をもらった。\n I queued twice and got several tickets, each time one at a time.\n \n```\n\nHowever, while technically possible, this would be extremely unlikely as it is\nall but natural and clear.\n\n**On ずつ**\n\nHere are some examples.\n\n```\n\n ～にAとBを大さじ1杯ずつ加える\n add a tablespoon each of A and B to ~\n \n ～を1個ずつ箱に詰める\n pack ~ into the box one by one\n \n ～を半分ずつにする\n split ~ 50-50\n \n 一人ずつ順番に尋ねる\n ask each in turn\n \n```",
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| 38359 | 38381 | 38360 |
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"body": "As far as I know (I thought I knew), こ- is related to things that are close to\nthe person who speaks, and そ- is related to the person who is spoken to. Is\nthat right ?\n\nHowever, in a exercise book, I had to answer this:\n\n__犬はバカです。(close from the interlocutor)\n\nI answered \"その\", but the book answer says \"この\", and I don't get why.",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Difference between この and その",
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{
"body": "Your understanding of この and その is correct, I think the confusion comes from\nthe wording of the question. As there only seems to be one person talking, you\ncan assume that person is the interlocutor. So if the subject is close to the\ninterlocutor (the person speaking), you would use この.",
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"body": "Let me give you an easier way of understanding.\n\nこの and その can be interpreted as 'this' and 'that' respectively.\n\nこの is used when the object is nearby the speaker and その when the object is far\nfrom the speaker but not to the point of a third person.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/w3EDe.jpg)\n\nThis picture is from the JLPT N5 text.\n\nHope this gives you an idea.",
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| 38361 | 38364 | 38364 |
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"body": "while studying japanese grammar I bumped into this expression that I've quite\nunderstood, but it isn't clear to me enough yet. It's 十分 (じゅうぶん).\n\nThese are the phrases in which I've found it:\n\n> 今日の授業は午後からなので、今から行けば十分間に合う。\n>\n> この冷蔵庫は中古品だけど、まだ十分使える。\n>\n> 江戸東京博物館は歴史を知らない人でも十分楽しめるということですよ。\n>\n> いいえ、もうけっこうです。十分いただきます。\n\nIt's clear that its meaning is \"enough\"/\"plenty\" (in the last case), but as it\nis proposed with other two words, that is けっこう and ずいぶん, I got confused about\nits use. When is it better to use 十分 instead of the others?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to use 十分. Differences from ずいぶん、けっこう",
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{
"body": "1. ずいぶん is more than enough. Such as ずいぶんと散らかした meaning it is a mess.\n 2. 十分 is satisfactory, fulfilled. Such as 十分使える meaning it is usable and satisfactory performance.\n 3. 結構 is close to good enough, but imply not that fulfilled as 十分. It could imply that \"you cannot complain considering the condition or situation\" or more than you can expect or expected. For example, if someone performed more than you expected, then say, \"彼にしては結構頑張った\" and would not say 十分がんばった.\n\nExample\n\n 1. その映画でずいぶん楽しんだ \nI got more than enough fun from the movie. It was really fun. More than\nexpected or should expect.\n\n 2. その映画で十分楽しんだ \nI got enough fun. I am happy, but no so enough as ずいぶん\n\n 3. その映画で結構楽しんだ \nI got good fun. Close to 十分 but a bit less than that.",
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"body": "The words 新しい{あたらしい} and 新た{あらた}に sound very similar to me, but I wonder\nwhether they are really related. If so the root must have undergone metathesis\n(switching the order of sounds). Are they actually etymologically related?\n\nNote: I saw [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4769/when-would-you-\nuse-%E6%96%B0%E3%81%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AA-\nand-%E6%96%B0%E3%81%82%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%81%97%E3%81%84) but I'm asking\nabout etymology rather than usage. (Though there does happen to be some\nrelevant information in the answer there.)",
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"tags": [
"etymology",
"history",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Are 新しい and 新たに etymologically related?",
"view_count": 277
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{
"body": "One theory is indeed that 新しい derives from あらたし via metathesis as あらたし in the\nbeginning of the Heian period became あたらし and then あたらしい.\n\n[語源由来辞典](http://gogen-allguide.com/a/atarashii.html) lists another theory:\nあらたし (meaning \"new\") was confused with the already existing あたらし meaning 惜しい.\nあたらし was used with the meaning \"new\" and the other meaning of 惜しい fell largely\nout of use.\n\nIn any case, 新しい and 新た are etymologically related.",
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"body": "For _new_ , there are several old words that we can find, poking around in\nShogakukan's 国語大辞典:\n\n * 新{あら}た \nFrom [Old Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Japanese), appearing in\nthe [万{まん}葉{よう}集{しゅう} poetry\ncompilation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB), dating to\nroughly 759. \nDerived from 生{あ}る _\"to come into being\"_ (same stem as for 現{あらわ}れる _\"to\nbecome manifest, to appear\"_ ) + た as a suffixing element indicating state,\nprobably related to the た still used in modern Japanese to indicate completion\nand past tense. \nProbably cognate with 荒{あら} _\"rough\"_.\n\n * 新{あらた}し \nAppears in the [Early Middle\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Middle_Japanese) of the [Heian\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_period). \nDerived from older 新{あら}た + adjectivizing suffix し.\n\n * 新{あたら}し \nAppears in the [Early Middle\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Middle_Japanese) of the [Heian\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_period). \nShogakukan explains that Middle Japanese saw both _aratashi_ and _atarashi_\nused to mean _\"new\"_. As Earthliŋ notes, this was probably a shift in\npronunciation from _aratashi_ , with the metathesis (reversal of the _ra_ and\n_ta_ sounds) influenced by Old Japanese-derived adjective 惜{あたら} or 可惜{あたら}\nand its derived forms 惜{あたら}し or 可惜{あたら}し, itself cognate with 値{あたい} _\"value,\nworth\"_ and 当{あ}たる / 当{あ}てる, from ancient root form _atu_. Over time, 惜{あたら}し\n_\"wonderful, valuable, precious\"_ fell out of use, and _atarashi_ became the\nstandard reading for the _\"new_ \" sense instead.",
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"body": "Can someone explain the difference?",
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"word-choice",
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"title": "「定規」と「物差し」の違いは何ですか",
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{
"body": "物差し{ものさし}：For measuring the length of something.\n\n定規{じょうぎ}：For drawing lines or curves.",
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"body": "* 定規 = _straightedge_\n * 物差し = _ruler_\n\nNow, consult an [English resource](https://www.reference.com/math/ruler-\ndifferent-straightedge-3f3fa91ce1e6d254) :)\n\n> _The primary difference between a ruler and straightedge is that a ruler is\n> a measurement device, whereas a straightedge is a tool for drawing or\n> viewing straightness. A ruler is a straightedge with some scale on it so\n> that it can act not only as a straightedge, but also as a device to measure\n> distance. Therefore, a ruler is a straightedge, but a straightedge is not\n> necessarily a ruler._\n\nThat said, practically all\n[定規](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E5%AE%9A%E8%A6%8F&tbm=isch) are sold\nwith measuring scale (which has no legal warranty), it's safe to say both are\nsynonyms in daily language.\n\ncf. [compass-and-straightedge\nconstruction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass-and-\nstraightedge_construction) = [ruler-and-compass\nconstruction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruler-and-compass_construction)",
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| 38369 | 38388 | 38388 |
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"body": "The lyric says:\n\n> オレはこいつと 旅に出る\n\nI wonder what オレ means. Is it a different way to write: \"俺\"?",
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"tags": [
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"orthography",
"song-lyrics",
"first-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "What does \"オレ\" in Pokemon Opening song mean?",
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{
"body": "\"オレは\" = I (nominative case) \n\"オレ\" = me (objective case)\n\n\"俺\" is pronounced \"オレ\" in Katakana, Japanese.",
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"body": "It is as you think but while it may be a different way to write **俺** it is\northographically non-standard. Let's also the following facts in the\n**ポケットモンスター** case:\n\n * In manga and anime it is pretty common to find words written in **katakana** and it's done to give a mere distinctive tone to the aesthetics of the work.\n * Kana in its entirety is learned by youngsters first which are(supposedly) the target market of the franchise, in fact, you can see the Pokemon games' script is written in kana when Japanese language is set.",
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"body": "オレ, おれ and 俺 are used by males and mean “I” or “me”. Their meanings are same\nbut their nuances are different.\n\nWhether オレ, おれ or 俺 is used depends on the speaker’s or the author’s\npreference.\n\nThe lyricist of the song could have written it in other ways like so:\n\n> オレはコイツと \n> おれはコイツと \n> おれはこいつと \n> 俺はこいつと \n> 俺はコイツと \n> 俺は此奴と\n\nBut he chose オレはこいつと, maybe because it fits the character's personality and\nthe song.\n\nA character using オレ is generally a boy, a young man or an internally young\nman. Sometimes オレ expresses the boy’s active personality, or sometimes オレ\nexpresses the boy’s casualness (e.g. The boy’s attitude is always somewhat\ncasual, almost never completely formal.)\n\nThe characteristics of characters using 俺 or おれ are diverse.\n\nA character using 俺 is generally older or more intelligent or more something\nthan a character using オレ but there are many exceptions. A character related\nto Japanese traditional culture tends to use 俺 rather than オレ.\n\nMany authors tend to use オレ rather than おれ to write a character’s line when 俺\nis not an option, because オレ is katakana so it makes distinguishing the word\nfrom other hiragana words easier. For example,\n\n> 「さっきおれのこと呼んだ？」(Did you call me a while ago?)\n>\n> 「さっきオレのこと呼んだ？」\n\nさっきオレのこと is a bit easier to read. But it wears the word オレ’s nuance, so if the\nnuance doesn’t fit the character's personality or situation, the author won’t\nuse オレ in the character’s line.\n\nSome authors have their special policy to use おれ, オレ or 俺. In that case, the\nword おれ, オレ, or 俺 may express the special nuance.\n\nFor example, a lot of male characters in a popular manga _One Piece_ use おれ.\nThe author of the manga, Eiichiro Oda (尾田栄一郎), answered a fan’s question why\nhe uses おれ rather than 俺 or オレ. What he said is that hiragana おれ makes him\nfeel a belief. The following is his exact words.\n\n>\n> 「一人称などは、他の文章とまざらないように「オレ」や「俺」で書く人が多いですね。でも僕は「おれ」という文字にこそ、信念を感じるのです。説明はむずかしいけど、僕は「おれ」と書きたいし、他の文字で書きたくないんです。心意気です。」 \n> （『ONE PIECE 巻五十二』第503話後の質問コーナーSBSより抜粋）\n\nTherefore, each of オレ, おれ, and 俺 has its general nuance expressing the\nspeaker’s characteristics, but in some cases it can also have a special nuance\nwhich the author or the speaker intends, although they have the same meaning\n“I” or “me”.",
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| 38370 | null | 38657 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38387",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "After reading [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/36795/15798)\nabout the pronoun あちし, I became curious about how certain pronouns came to be\nassociated with older people. As I see it, there are four main possibilities:\n\n 1. People just decide at some point in their life to start using a pronoun that matches their old age. Seems unlikely.\n\n 2. The standard pronunciation of 私 becomes difficult to pronounce as you age, leading to the variant pronunciations. However, most men don't use 私 to refer to themselves in casual speech, and these pronouns don't seem to be associated with women...\n\n 3. Pronouns such as わし were common and fairly neutral, like 僕, about sixty years ago.\n\n 4. It's all a lie invented by Japanese media to easily characterize old coot characters.\n\nWhich of these holds the most true, if any?\n\n(For what it's worth, I've never heard a real person call himself わし yet.)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T00:06:53.357",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"first-person-pronouns",
"role-language"
],
"title": "How did わし etc. become stereotypical \"old people\" pronouns",
"view_count": 2209
} | [
{
"body": "1. People just decide at some point in their life to start using a pronoun that matches their old age. Seems unlikely.\n\n--> This is apparently more common than I thought:\n\n> detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp > 2010 - ｢わし｣っていつから？ 一人称の変化について質問です。\n> 最近、父親の一人称が変化しだした気がします。 現在父親は50歳です。 今までの父親の一人称は｢俺｣でした。\n> しかし最近｢わし｣に変わりつつある気がします。 私の中のイメージでは、.....\n\n* * *\n\nAlso relevant: -- from Wikipedia 日本語の一人称代名詞\n\n>\n```\n\n> 儂、私（わし）\n> \n```\n\n>\n>\n> 共通語ではフィクションの世界での老人男性と武士の一人称とされることが多いが、愛知県・岐阜県・北陸地方以西の西日本各地の方言では、高齢層以外でも男性が用いる。そうした地域では子供や若者でも使うことが多いが、近年はメディアの影響から、若い人を中心に「俺」も使われるようになってきた。一部地域では（主に高齢層で）女性が使う場合もあり、例えば愛知県の一部では「わたし」の「た」の音が抜けたような「わっし」に近い発音で女性が用いる。常用している著名人としては小林よしのり、井脇ノブ子の他、達川光男、石崎信弘、木村和司ら広島県人が有名。そのほか、力士にも常用者が多い。\n\nI agree that it's common in 関西 or 広島 ...\n\nMaybe 笠智衆's use of わし was influencial.",
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"body": "While I'm not an old Japanese man, I disagree with your first point. People do\nchoose how to refer to themselves. I've gone through quite a few stages\nmyself, and so do most people around me. Some men stick to 私, others use 僕,\nおれ, おら, or some other personal pronouns.\n\nI think two things are at play:\n\n 1. Whether it's appropriate to use a given pronoun.\n 2. Whether you're willing to use a given pronoun.\n\nThe first one is mostly defined by social norms. Girls can say あたし while\nstraight men usually do not; kids say ぼく but alpha males would say おれ, etc.\nAnd in that norm, older men can say わし. You _can_ say it if you're 20, but\nmost likely it will sound/appear strange.\n\nThe second one is a personal choice. You have to want to use a given pronoun,\nas it's going to convey a message to those around you. This is a statement you\nmake, and the underlying motivations might be personal. Perhaps you were\nimpressed by someone, and want to be seen the same way. Perhaps a friend\nspeaks like that and you picked it up.\n\nTo conclude, I'd say that elder men use わし because it's accepted, and because\nthey want to. It's the same reason a 20-something anime-watching Japanese-\nlearning western lad says おれ (to use a stereotype that most people on this\nsite must be familiar with).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T01:44:24.853",
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"body": "In English, we know how to talk like a pirate, even those classical pirates\nare no more around (aye, pirates still exist, but they tend to speak\n[Somali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_language) or whatever...). What\nis a stereotypical accent today often did originally have the speakers, but\nits real-world use gradually faded away with the lapse of time only to remain\nin people's memory.\n\nSo-called Standard Japanese was established in the [Meiji\nera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_period) based on Tokyo dialect, which\nis a well-known fact. That means, the word usage more or less reflects what\nTokyoites at that time thought people should talk like.\n\nWhat you mentioned was the stereotypical \"old (wise) man\" talk such as\n「わしは～～じゃ」 is, in fact, a living dialect in some Western Japan areas. As Kyoto\nhas been Japan's traditional capital, the most prestigious dialect was that of\n[Kansai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansai_dialect) until the end of the\nEdo period. ~~After the Meiji Restoration, Kansai nobles and VIPs migrated\nfrom Kyoto to Tokyo in crowds, giving people the impression that their way of\ntalking was how typical respectable men talk.~~ **EDIT** : After rechecking 金水\n(2003), turns out that the educated upper class in Edo was speaking Kansai\ndialect while commoners used native Edo dialect throughout the 19th century,\nwhich led to the perpetuation of this stereotype after Meiji. (Thanks to\n@user4092 for correcting.)\n\nA bit off on a tangent: today, words such as おい and こら are used to scold\nsomebody in Standard Japanese. They are actually \"you\" and \"hey\" in [Satsuma\ndialect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagoshima_dialect), respectively. The\nmajority of police officers in Meiji Japan were from Satsuma Domain, as they\nhad been one of the main factions that overthrew the Shogunate. As a result,\ntheir accent had been recognized as oppressive talk characteristic of a police\nofficer.\n\n> _People just decide at some point in their life to start using a pronoun\n> that matches their old age. Seems unlikely._\n\nIt's not that unlikely, as almost every person in Japan uses two or more\nfirst-person pronouns depending on the situation (technically they're not even\npronouns in Japanese, so, I guess two or more \"ways to address oneself\"?). I\ndaren't say the shift to わし is common, but people can easily change their\nnormal \"pronoun\" as a result of influence from those around them.\n\nTotally unrelated but I have an acquaintance who uses わし in casual settings\n(in Tokyo dialect) for some unknown reason.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T06:00:49.037",
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| 38378 | 38387 | 38387 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38389",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across a use of から that seems unusual to me:\n\n> 伊月は 旅行の手配から運転から 何もかもしてくれて 本当に 頼りになる\n>\n\n>> From the trip preparations, from the driving, Itsuki is taking care of\nanything and everything; she truly is reliable.\n\n>>\n\n>>> From the trip preparations to the driving, Itsuki is taking care of\neverything. She is truly reliable.\n\nI'm curious about the way から is used here. It seems like a variation of a\nstructure used to describe a range of activities, like\nから～まで、から～にかけて、から～にいたるまで.\n\nExcept in this example, there are two start points, and the end point is\nincluded in 何もかも (\"anything and everything\") instead of being indicated with\nsomething like まで.\n\nI haven't been able to find an example like is in the usual grammars. What\nexactly is this use of から? Is this a casual modification of the other forms,\nor is there something particular about this sentence (何もかも、してくれる、etc.) that\nresults in this configuration?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T02:16:39.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38382",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-12T11:55:50.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "16112",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"parsing",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "から～から for a range of activities",
"view_count": 480
} | [
{
"body": "What's the source? I think it's just a typo and that it should be 運転まで as you\nnoted... Had it been in the reverse order, 運転から、旅行の手配から it could have been a\nway to emphasize the extent of Itsuki's work, though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T02:43:29.343",
"id": "38383",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-11T02:43:29.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "\"から\" means \"from\" I would say.\n\nI believe it is useful to first look to the expression \"何から何まで\" and take from\nthere. It means \"everything\" covering from A to Z you can think of. For\nexample:\n\n * 何から何まで母親が面倒みている。His mother looks after everything for him.\n\n\"旅行の手配から運転から\" are some examples included in \"everything\" and it basically\nleads to \"何から何まで\". Perhaps the complete sentence could be:\n\n> 伊月は旅行の手配から運転から何から何まで、何もかもしてくれて本当に頼りになる。\n\n\"何もかも\" means \"anything and everything\" and having it in the sentence could be\nregarded as an emphasis by repeating the word with the same meaning. So it can\nbe omitted as below.\n\n> 伊月は旅行の手配から運転から何から何までしてくれて本当に頼りになる。\n\nSuppose you went a lengthy and challenging oversea adventure which you had\nnever done. You got to know someone experienced and he/she arranged\neverything. Booking flights, transportations/logistics/accommodations at the\ndestination, translations, looked after you when you got sick, guided you\nthrough the journey, etc etc. Then you would say.\n\n> ガイドは飛行機の手配から、宿から、通訳から、なにもかもしてくれて本当に助かった。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T10:46:46.303",
"id": "38389",
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| 38382 | 38389 | 38389 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38385",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence I mentioned.\n\n> ほう その良家のおじょうさまたちだけがなぜ 肉親もおらん少年院に入れるん **す？** \n> そこのところをはっきりしてもらいたいもんだね\n\nI have 3 questions relating to it.\n\n 1. Is it a short colloquial form of 「ですか？」?\n\n 2. Does the word 「なぜ」, in this sentence, mean 'why'? If not, what is the purpose of it in this case?\n\n 3. Can I translate it as 'Hey, that is just a group of daughters from noble family which is the reason why they can get in to the reformed school, right? Please explain the reason to that point.'",
"comment_count": 1,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"colloquial-language",
"manga"
],
"title": "Question about a sentence including the「す」with question mark at the end of a sentence",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, that …るんす？ is a slangy version of …るんです？ and the なぜ stands for \"why\", but\nthe whole sentence doesn't affirm what you described. Instead, it wonders or\nsuspects why that's that (or even doubts that).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T04:25:48.893",
"id": "38385",
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| 38384 | 38385 | 38385 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38391",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence.\n\n白木葉子さんは非行少年問題にご理解がふかく学生劇団を組織して日曜日ごとにあちこちの少年院を慰問してまわって **おられる** のだ\n\nIn my understanding, the objective for the verb is 「あちこちの少年院」.\n\nIs the verb used in passive form because of showing politness or respect to\n「白木葉子さん」?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T11:03:55.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38390",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"manga"
],
"title": "Why is the passive form verb 「おられる」used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 810
} | [
{
"body": "There is a question & answer directly related in this page.\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1432636889>, so\nciting it here.\n\n* * *\n\nIt is a form to show respect called 敬語. To make the form, append the auxiliary\nverb られる.\n\n * して いる: Normal form.\n * して お られる: Form for respect.\n\nThere are two verbs here. して and いる。When there are two verbs, the last one is\naffected.\n\nNote that the conjugation is irregular in this case. If the rule is applied\nsimply, it will be:\n\n * して いる: Normal\n * して い られる: Form for respect.\n\nHowever, いられる for respect is replaced with おられる.\n\n* * *\n\nI believe it is because いられる means \"allowed to\" such as you are allowed to be\nthere. To avoid confusion, it is replaced with おられる。Perhaps someone can give\nbetter explanation on this irregularity.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T11:40:00.960",
"id": "38391",
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| 38390 | 38391 | 38391 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38393",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been trying to figure out what the correct translation is of the phrase\n\"I'm just browsing\", in a context such as when one is looking at goods in a\nstore (e.g. if you're walking around the shop and employee asks if you need\nhelp).\n\nThis should be straightforward, but my dictionary gives many possible\ntranslations for \"browsing\" (e.g. 素見{すけん}、冷{ひ}やかし、閲覧{えつらん}, etc.) and I'm not\nsure which would be appropriate here. What's the most appropriate translation\nof this phrase in the given context?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T12:46:36.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "13886",
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"score": 10,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Correct phrase for \"I'm just browsing\" in a store",
"view_count": 7067
} | [
{
"body": "The most common phrase would be:\n\n> 見てるだけです。(Literally: \"I'm just looking.\")\n\nI think you could also reply like this:\n\n> 店員：何かお探しですか？(Are you looking for anything in particular?) \n> 客：いえ、だいじょうぶです。(No, I'm okay.)",
"comment_count": 13,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T13:32:27.620",
"id": "38393",
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},
{
"body": "In this case, I would and have used:\n\n> ただ見ているだけです\n\n\"Just looking/browsing.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T23:58:55.963",
"id": "38411",
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| 38392 | 38393 | 38393 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following sentence should translate to \"However, going at the beginning of\nthe week is no good\":\n\n> でも、週明けすぐっていうのもね。\n\nStill, what exactly in the sentence gives the idea of \"no good\"? Is it just\nでも? Would omitting でも change the meaning of the sentence? Or is there\nsomething on the のもね part too which gives that nuance to the phrase? Thank you\nvery much for your help.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T15:36:46.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38394",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "でも、週明けすぐっていうのもね clarification",
"view_count": 871
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{
"body": "It looks to be the same question as one answered on lang-8 (note: expired link\nremoved), providing the sentence ends のもね instead of ものね.\n\n> でも、週明けすぐっていうのもね。\n\nCiting the answer. It explains that \"っていうのも\" indicates the negative and\nomitting the following sentence.\n\n> 「っていうのもね・・・」というのは、大まかに言うと、否定的な意味で使います。 その後に続くsentenseが省略されています。\n> はっきり言わずに、あいまいなまま濁して返事をする日本人の文化を表していると思います。\n\nFor example the complete sentence could be:\n\n> 週明けすぐっていうのも早すぎると思う。\n\nHe/she thinks \"it is too early/hasty (hence he/she does not want to\" and by\navoiding saying so directly is the way to indirectly express negative/no.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T21:49:31.420",
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| 38394 | null | 38404 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38492",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[There seems to be](http://etc.dounokouno.com/bushu-search/bushu-list.html) a\ngreat many nicknames, but only one official name for each radical. I'm thus\nmore inclined to learn the latter, but I'm left wondering about the\npracticality of that. All of the other radical lists that I've seen, whether\nEnglish or Japanese, only list the nicknames. Are the official names rarely\nused in Japanese? Is it worth learning them? What about the nicknames, should\nI learn all of them? And most importantly, which names will show on the Kanji\nKentei (漢字検定{かんじけんてい})?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T17:57:40.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38395",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Official radical names (部首{ぶしゅ}名称{めいしょう}) vs radical nicknames (部首{ぶしゅ}通称{つうしょう})",
"view_count": 346
} | [
{
"body": "At Japanese elementary and middle school, students learn the 通称 names in the\ntable in the linked page. Virtually every native Japanese adult knows しんにょう\nand ぎょうにんべん, but not 辵部【ちゃくぶ】 nor 彳部【てきぶ】. I don't know where these \"official\"\nnames are used.\n\nOn 漢字検定, it appears that [the names of 部首 are not directly\nasked](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1252268412).\nInstead, you need to write the radical itself\n([example](http://kanken2kyu.jimdo.com/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E3%81%AE%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96-%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E9%9B%86/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E3%81%AE%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96-%E9%9B%A3%E5%95%8F%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96/)).\nThis is probably because there are no official names for these radicals while\nthere are too many nicknames found in various dictionaries. Still it can be\nsafely said that average Japanese people learn radicals using one of the\n\"nicknames\" on the right column.\n\nI can't tell how many radical nicknames you need to learn... It depends on\nwhat you want to do by learning these names.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-16T03:15:50.880",
"id": "38492",
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{
"body": "The 名称 are based on the imported Chinese words (音読み). The 通称 are based on the\noriginal Japanese words (訓読み). Describing a kanji based on the 名称 will be\ntechnically correct among scholars but may be ambiguous if the listener is not\nfluent in the official names. The 通称 are more easily understood because\nthey're drawn from common words.\n\nFor example, 台 would be easily understood as a katakana ム over a kuchi 口. But\nif I described it as a #28 しぶ on top and a #30 こうぶ on the bottom, it might not\nbe as widely understood, even though that's technically a flawless\ndescription.\n\nYet the 通称 are only as useful as you already understand Japanese. For native\nspeakers, these are used simply because everyone would know the word already,\nand they're unambiguous. For example, \"さんぶ\" could still be ambiguous because\nit could be 三 or 山, while \"やまやまへん\" clarifies that you mean \"the mountain one.\"\n\nMy advice for early learners is not to learn the radical names. It's a lot of\nwork for not much payoff, and you risk looking overly bookish in your usage.\nIt would be like an ESL student learning the AP style differences among French\nbrackets {}, regular brackets [], and parentheses ().\n\nRather, as you go along and learn vocabulary, you'll come up with your own\nmnemonic devices for remembering kanji, and will allow you to form your own 通称\nthat will be just as effective as those \"official\" common descriptions.",
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| 38395 | 38492 | 38492 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38398",
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"body": "I have question regarding the 「だって出てない」 in these sentences. i can't understand\nwhat that part of the paragraph means at all. However i think i understand the\nrest of what is being said around that part, if i'm not, please tell me.\n\nThe context is that he's just died and is asking someone about how he is died\nand if a girl he tried saving is alright, to which the person replies saying\nshe got a broken leg but is fine. She then says goes on to say the lines\nbelow.\n\n_Original text:_\n\n> 「まあ、あなたが突き飛ばさなければ、あの子は怪我もしなかったんですけどね」\n>\n> 「あのトラクターは、本来ならあの子の手前で止まったんです。 あたり前ですよね。 だってトラクターですもん。 そんなにスピードだって出てないし。\n> つまり、あなたはヒーロー気取りで余計な事したって訳です。 ・・・・プークスクス！」\n\n_how i understand it:_\n\n> well, if you hadn't pushed her out the way, she wouldn't even be hurt.\n>\n> That tractor had pretty much completely stopped from the girl's perspective.\n> It's obvious. It is a tractor. Even if it had come a that sort of speed,\n> (?). Basically, it means that you, under a heroic pretense, did something\n> completely unnecessary. (Chuckling)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T18:22:11.510",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "「だって出てない」 What does it mean here?",
"view_count": 533
} | [
{
"body": "In that case it's equivalent to 「も」 in meaning, but gives it a perhaps\nslightly childish tone.\n\n> そんなにスピードも出てないし。\n>\n> It isn't even going very fast.\n\nIt'd probably be more natural to use past tense here in English since it's\ntalking about a past event, but in Japanese it's kind of fuzzy and works OK\nthe way it is.",
"comment_count": 8,
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| 38396 | 38398 | 38398 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38399",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The kids are expecting a trainee teacher. Their normal teacher comes in and\nsays:\n\n> 「みなさん、席について静かにしてください」 \n> Everyone please sit down and be quiet \n> 戸川先生は教壇に立ち、みんながあわてて席につくのを待った。 \n> Teacher Togawa stood on the platform and everyone _got confused_ and waited\n> to sit down.\n\nI'm confused about who is waiting for whom as regards sitting down.\n\nThe topic of the sentence is the teacher 戸川先生は so I think he should be the\nperson waiting to sit down.\n\nThe children seem to only be the subject of あわてる (the meaning of which I'm not\nclear about).\n\nI see three possibilities:\n\n 1. The children are waiting to sit down because they are confused (they were expecting a different teacher) \n 2. The children are waiting for the teacher to sit down first (politeness). \n 3. The teacher is waiting to sit down (because he is about to introduce the trainee teacher).\n\nNote that if it is the children that are waiting to sit down, the teacher does\nnot correct their behaviour in the later sentences.\n\nCan you please untangle this for me and help me to understand why the correct\nscenario is obvious and how the sentence would change for the other scenarios?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T18:34:57.153",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Who is waiting for whom?",
"view_count": 210
} | [
{
"body": "I would translate it as something like:\n\n> Teacher Togawa stood behind the podium, and waited while everybody hurriedly\n> sit down.\n\n慌てる{あわてる} means to get flustered or even slightly panic. In this case, the\nopposite of everybody walking directly to their desk if not there already and\ncalmly sitting down.\n\nStrictly grammatically speaking I'd say the sentence is ambiguous and it could\neither be interpreted as the children waiting (flustered) for the teacher to\nsit down, or the teacher waiting for the children to sit down (in a hurry).\n\nHowever since the teacher had just asked the students to get to their seats it\nwould make more sense for the teacher to wait for the students to finish doing\nthat.\n\nAdditionally the podiums Japanese classroom teachers use\n([教壇](https://www.google.fi/search?q=%E6%95%99%E5%A3%87&tbm=isch)) are usually\nmade for standing use and sometimes there isn't even a place to sit down. Even\nif there is a chair, teachers tend to stand while speaking to the class.\nTherefore it's likely the teacher is going to remain standing.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T19:02:04.037",
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{
"body": "Just for people who are curious how the sentence would change for the other\nscenarios...\n\nHere are some examples:\n\n 1. The children are waiting to sit down because they are confused (they were expecting a different teacher)\n\n> 戸川先生は教壇に立ち、みんなはあわてて席につくのを待った。(this can still be ambiguous)\n>\n> 戸川先生は教壇に立ち、みんなは席につくのを待った。\n>\n> 戸川先生は教壇に立ったが、みんなは席につかずに待った。(this would be clearer)\n\n 2. The children are waiting for the teacher to sit down first (politeness).\n\n> 戸川先生は教壇に立ち、みんなは先生が席につくのを待った。\n\n 3. The teacher is waiting to sit down (because he is about to introduce the trainee teacher).\n\n> 戸川先生は教壇に立ったまま、（座らずに）待っていた。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T23:25:12.330",
"id": "38408",
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"body": "According to the dictionary あわてて can be used as an adverb to mean \"in a\nhurry\",\"hastily\". \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/2163/meaning/m0u/%E6%85%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8B/>\n\nSo literally it becomes: \n戸川先生は教壇に立ち、みんながあわてて席につくのを待った。 \nTeacher Togawa stood on the platform and waited for everyone to sit down\nhastily.\n\nIt means that everyone was going to their seats in a hurry.",
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| 38397 | 38399 | 38408 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38402",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I apoligize for the dumb question, I just started learning recently.\n\nBut I'm using memrise to help me learn Japanese, and what I've learned is that\nち = \"chi\", ょ = \"yo\", う = \"u\", し = \"shi\".\n\nBased on that, wouldn't that translate to \"chiyoushi\"?\n\nOr does ち mean \"chi/ch\", and ょ mean \"yo/o\"?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T20:25:37.433",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kana"
],
"title": "Why does ちょうし translate to \"choushi\"?",
"view_count": 1806
} | [
{
"body": "ちょ is what we call a digraph; notice that the よ is small, not full-sized. If\nyou wanted to write \"chiyoshi,\" it would have to be ちようし, not ちょうし. I'm not\ngoing to list every digraph and their Romanizations/pronunciations here\nbecause there are tons of them, but if you check the Wikipedia articles for\nKatakana and Hiragana, there should be a chart of all of them.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T20:31:12.343",
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{
"body": "<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Don>\n\n> Yōon or Youon (拗音?, contracted word or diphthong) is a feature of the\n> Japanese language in which a mora is formed with an added [j] sound, i.e.,\n> palatalized.\n\n \n\nちゃ cha ちゅ chu ちょ cho\n\n```\n\n --- This is odd. This row doesn't include 「ちぇ」 as in チェ・ゲバラ \n \n```\n\nOk, it's explained in the Jp Wikipedia page :\n\n> 開拗音 == 開拗音は「あ行」と「わ行」を除く行のい段の仮名1文字に小文字の「ゃ」「ゅ」「ょ」のうちの1文字を付けて仮名2文字で表記される。\n> なお「シ」、「チ」または「ジ」に「ェ」を付けて表記される「シェ」「チェ」「ジェ」は対立する直音があるのでこれらを拗音に含めるとの考え方もあるが、外来語のみであることや部分的で音韻体系全般にわたるものでないことから拗音に含めない考え方もある。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T21:20:39.023",
"id": "38403",
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"body": "In modern Japanese orthography, there's a distinction between the following\npairs:\n\n```\n\n ちゃ ちや\n ちょ ちよ\n ちゅ ちゆ\n \n```\n\nThe characters on the left are called colloquially 小さいよ、小さいや、小さいゆ\nrespectively. The small one signifies a diphthong (i.e., it is pronounced \"cha\ncho chu\" vs \"chiya chiyo chiyu\"). More properly, the characters themselves are\ncalled\n[小書き文字](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1163793136)\nand in Japanese the process is called\n[[拗音]{ようおん}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Don).\n\nThus, what you are reading is not ちようし but ちょうし (with the small version) read\nas \"choushi\". (If you are reading something pre-War or so, it's possible that\nthis predates the small characters. If so, it is still read choushi -- you\njust had to know that then).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T00:41:00.487",
"id": "38413",
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| 38401 | 38402 | 38402 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "[Why does ちょうし translate to\n\"choushi\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38401/why-\ndoes-%e3%81%a1%e3%82%87%e3%81%86%e3%81%97-translate-to-choushi)\n\n> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Don> > Yōon or Youon (拗音?, contracted\n> word or diphthong) is a feature of the Japanese language in which a mora is\n> formed with an added [j] sound, i.e., palatalized.\n\n \n\nちゃ cha ちゅ chu ちょ cho\n\n```\n\n --- This is odd. This row doesn't include 「ちぇ」 as in チェ・ゲバラ \n \n```\n\nOk, it's explained in the Jp Wikipedia page :\n\n> 開拗音 == 開拗音は「あ行」と「わ行」を除く行のい段の仮名1文字に小文字の「ゃ」「ゅ」「ょ」のうちの1文字を付けて仮名2文字で表記される。\n> なお「シ」、「チ」または「ジ」に「ェ」を付けて表記される「シェ」「チェ」「ジェ」は対立する直音があるのでこれらを拗音に含めるとの考え方もあるが、外来語のみであることや部分的で音韻体系全般にわたるものでないことから拗音に含めない考え方もある。\n\nbut Wait ! , ... 「チェ」「ちぇ」 is in 外来語のみ ? ? ? -- I find this hard to believe,\nbecause (e.g.) a very common interjection is\n\n> ちぇっ! - ［感］物事がうまくいかなかったときなどに発する声。また、舌打ちをする音。ちぇ。「ちぇっ、しようがないなあ」\n\nDo 「チェ」 「ちぇ」 occur only in 外来語のみ ? ? ?\n\nHow old is the interjection 「ちぇっ!」 ? ? ?\n\n( This page doesn't answer my questions:\n<http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/7765065.html> )",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-11T22:07:40.690",
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"owner_user_id": "16344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"history",
"kana",
"interjections"
],
"title": "「チェ」 「ちぇ」 外来語のみ ? -- How old is the interjection 「ちぇっ!」 ? ??",
"view_count": 355
} | [
{
"body": "> _Do 「チェ」 「ちぇ」 occur only in 外来語のみ ? ? ?_\n\nNo. There are very few and marginal occurrences in (Standard) Japanese, such\nas ちっ **ちぇ** え (vulgar form of\n[ちっちゃい](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/142019/meaning/m0u/)). Besides, the\nsyllable is more widely used in some dialects, notably in some Kyushu\ndialects, しぇ [[ɕe]] and ちぇ [[tɕe]] systematically correspond to せ [[se]] and て\n[[te]] in Tokyo, respectively.\n\n> _How old is the interjection 「ちぇっ!」 ? ? ?_\n\nI think the majority of written ちぇっ！ is actually clicking _tsk_ rather than\npronounced as it's spelt, but putting that aside, the oldest appearance seems\nfrom 1778.\n\n> **ちぇえ**\n>\n> **(2)** 残念な時くやしい時などに発することば。 \n> ＊歌舞伎・金門五山桐〔１７７８〕四幕「仇な契りに畜生の、腹切れとて、お譲りはなされまいもの。チェエ」\n>\n> （日本国語大辞典）",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-26T05:03:14.580",
"id": "38723",
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| 38405 | null | 38723 |
{
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"body": "The latter sounds better, in my opinion. But is that just my opinion?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T22:41:21.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38406",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-11T23:10:33.460",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"loanwords",
"phonology"
],
"title": "Why is Beach ビーチ and not ビーチュ, why is Cake ケーキ and not ケーク?",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "I don't know if this answers your question and not sure which sounds better to\nme but I guess words that end with `ch` tend to be pronounced `チ` instead of\n`チュ`.\n\nFor example,\n\n * teach ティーチ \n * coach コーチ \n * bleach ブリーチ \n * reach リーチ \n * touch タッチ \n * match マッチ\n\nand words that end with `ke` is pronounced either `ク` or `キ` but I see more\n`ク`\n\nFor example,\n\n * lake レイク\n * bake ベイク\n * fake フェイク\n * make メイク\n * take テイク\n * like ライク \n * joke ジョーク\n * cake ケーキ\n * brake ブレーキ",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-11T23:41:24.720",
"id": "38410",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-11T23:41:24.720",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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{
"body": "ビーチ for _beach_ is regular, but ケーキ for _cake_ needs some explanation.\n\nEnglish //tʃ// and //dʒ// stand as closing consonant are always transcribed as\nチ and ジ, contrary to //ʃ// in the same position as シュ (with a handful of\nexception, such as サッシ \"sash\"). This is perhaps related to rare presence of チュ\nand ジュ as short syllables in Japanese words. Note that, however, similar\nconsonants in German and French are usually transcribed as チュ and ジュ.\n\nEnglish //-ɪk// ending first had been transcribed -キ, reflecting the fact that\nthe consonant is slightly palatalized because of preceding vowel value. After\nsystematic transcription system was established, all //-k// have been\nautomatically replaced with ク, but old words that have already taken root\nnever changed. As a result:\n\n * ケーキ \"cake\" ←→ no counterpart\n * ストライキ \"labor strike\" ←→ ストライク \"(other) strike\"\n * ステーキ \"steak\" ←→ ステイク \"stake(-holder)\"\n * ブレーキ \"brake\" ←→ ブレーク/ブレイク \"break\"\n * レーキ \"rake\", \"[lake pigment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_pigment)\" ←→ レイク \"lake\"\n * ミルクセーキ \"(traditional) milk shake\" ←→ シェーキ ([Lotteria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotteria)) ←→ シェイク (McDonald's)\n\ncf. \"makeup\":\n[メーキャップ](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%22)\n(1M hits) vs\n[メイクアップ](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%22)\n(14M hits) vs\n[メークアップ](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%22)\n(463k hits)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T20:01:59.783",
"id": "38433",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 38406 | null | 38433 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've heard おいたん is \"kiddy speak\" equivalent to `Uncle` in English.\n\nDoes it have any specific connotations? (Certain parents older/younger\nsibling?)\n\nIf used jokingly what kind of feeling would it give to the person being\ncalled?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T03:29:04.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38415",
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"owner_user_id": "5518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Usage/Meaning: おいたん",
"view_count": 281
} | [
{
"body": "This only expresses kids that cannot speak right at the beginning of life.\n\nThey try to say おじさん, but the じ becomes い, and the さ becomes た, hence おいたん.\n\n<http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%82%93>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T03:42:32.257",
"id": "38417",
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{
"body": "I don't think there are any specific connotations. It can be any uncles\n(either parents, can be younger sibling, can be older sibling) but I can see\nthat some people call a middle-aged man who is not related as `おいたん`.\n\nIf I hear/see a man being called `おいたん` by a girl, I'd think that:\n\n * the girl really likes (can be romantically or just as a friend) the man and kind of flirting/babying/being sweet/being very friendly \n * the man may be very popular and everyone calls him that way (I say this because there was male school staff (around 50 yrs old) at my elementary school and everybody called him `おいちゃん` whereas we were supposed to call him `おじさん` because he was very kind and nice to us and we all liked him. But I think `おいたん` sounds more like a `kiddy speak` because it sounds more like a baby)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T03:49:15.053",
"id": "38418",
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{
"body": "Semantically I think おいたん is exactly the same as おじさん, but I have never heard\nanyone say おいたん in the real world. In fiction, おいたん is sometimes used to\nexaggerate the childishness of a character. For example, [according to\nNicopedia](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%82%93),\nUncle Jesse is called おいたん by Michelle in the Japanese version of Full House.\n\nJust like English _uncle_ , a おじさん refers to both younger and older siblings\nof both parents. But additionally, you can address a middle-aged male stranger\nusing おじさん in Japanese. This is like English \"buddy\" or \"mister\".\n\nI can't imagine how people would feel if you used おいたん \"jokingly\". Depending\non your Japanese level, perhaps people will be simply puzzled for a while, and\nthen try to correct the word. If you're lucky, maybe some people would ask you\nif you're a fan of Full House.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-16T04:54:45.837",
"id": "38495",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
]
| 38415 | null | 38418 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "\"〜ちゃう\" is often simply described as the casual/contracted/etc. form of\n\"〜てしまう\", with no further explanation given. This would seem to imply that in\nterms of meaning they are identical, with only politeness/formality\nconsiderations determining which is used.\n\nHowever, there is evidence that this is not the case. Although Google hits are\nan extremely inexact measure, these are the rough figures for a few searches\n(all in quotation marks):\n\n * 教えちゃいました = 60,000 hits\n * 教えてしまいました = 1,600,000 hits\n\n * 教えちゃってください = 28,000 hits\n\n * 教えてしまってください = **3 hits**\n\n * 食べちゃってください = 1,150,000 hits\n\n * 食べてしまってください = 1,800,000 hits\n\n * 報告しちゃってください = 1,150,000 hits\n\n * 報告してしまってください = **0 hits**\n\n * 感動しちゃってください = 600,000 hits\n\n * 感動してしまってください = **0 hits**\n\n * インストールしちゃってください = 230,000 hits\n\n * インストールしてしまってください = 645,000 hits\n\n60k vs 1,600k is a big difference in relative terms, but even 60k hits implies\na perfectly acceptable form. However, hit counts of 0 and 3 are quite striking\nand suggest that the forms are basically never used, even though the\nequivalent 〜ちゃってください forms are.\n\nSo why exactly is it this? Why do some 〜てしまってください vs 〜ちゃってください pairs return\nsuch lopsided hit counts, while others do not?\n\n(Note: I'm looking for answers with a bit of rigor, ideally expressing a\ngeneral principle, and certainly going beyond \"It just feels more natural for\nsome words\" or similar.)\n\n**Edit:** Couple of clarifications:\n\n 1. The past tense (〜ました) example above is basically for context, I don't think it needs explication. I only noticed this phenomena with the 〜てください contexts. If it does or doesn't happen with other contexts, that would probably make up part of a good answer!\n\n 2. The Google numbers are terrible, okay, point taken. It still looks to me like the possible number of hits for 〜てしまってください is either \"virtually none\" or \"dozens to hundreds\", with not much in between and no obvious relation to 〜ちゃってください numbers. If I've just chosen bad examples and there is actually a subtle gradient I'm just not seeing, proof of this would constitute a good answer. (In particular if anyone wants to search a proper corpus that would be great.)",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T08:19:51.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38421",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-27T13:33:43.090",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-12T13:08:26.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "531",
"owner_user_id": "531",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"usage",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Usage differences between てしまう and ちゃう",
"view_count": 1327
} | [
{
"body": "I think that 〜てしまう in conjunction with past tense (e.g. 教えちゃいました/教えてしまいました)\nputs focus on the sense of \"regret\" that this expression may convey. There is\nno difference in how this meaning is conveyed with regard to formality,\nespecially when talking about something _you_ did.\n\nAs to why the formal version seems to be more common, maybe it’s because in a\nsituation where you revealed some information that you should have kept to\nyourself, you’d better be polite about it ;)\n\nOn the other hand, with 〜てしまう plus imperative, the focal point would seem to\nbe on \"finalization\" of some action. I’d say that the easier an action is to\nactually finalize (like 食べる, インストールする), the more likely you will be to find\nexamples of this construct.\n\nHowever, 報告する should be possible to finalize as well. I think that one reason\nwhy you got such results may be situational rather than grammatical. One\npossible reason why the hit count for 報告してしまってください is zero might be my next\npoint:\n\nEspecially with informal Japanese, I think that 〜てしまう (or rather 〜しちゃう) plus\nimperative may also convey sort of a \"just do it\" feeling (like 〜しちゃえば), which\nmay be a bad fit with formal circumstances.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T08:53:15.710",
"id": "38423",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-12T10:08:35.250",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-12T10:08:35.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "7519",
"owner_user_id": "7519",
"parent_id": "38421",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "```\n\n (intesting about Google's hit-number inflation -- Hitgate)\n \n```\n\nもう感動しちゃってください etc. (I think) first appeared in a TV or print advertising copy.\nIt's very catchy and clever.\n\n早速みんなに報告しちゃうよ！ -- This しちゃう suggests certain self-aware Narcissistic\npersonality (affected or exaggerated juvenility, immaturity) -- This is a\nperfect match for the Internet-Facebook-SNS age and blogger persona.\n\nこのくらいで先生に報告しちゃうものなんですか？ -- a bit of 「テヘペロ」meaning.\n\nSo all forms of しちゃってください and しちゃう are used all over the net.\n\n* * *\n\nre: popularity of しちゃって\n\nIt could be that dialectical uses of しちゃって is contributing to obscuring\n(generalizing) its meaning.\n\n * 博多弁: [ 勉強しちゃってん ] 「勉強してちょうだい」という意味です。ttps://nanapi.com/ja/51747 \n \n\n\n * 広島弁 : ... ちなみに「○さんが ～された」は「～しよっちゃった」「～しちゃった」という表現を良く使います。oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/1703644.html \n\n* * *\n\n\"〜しちゃう\" and \"〜してしまう\" can be similar, but often different.\n\n1a. 感動してしまう -- didn't mean to / resisted it, but ...\n\n1b. インスタで間違えて報告してしまいました -- did it by mistake / did it without intending to do\nit\n\nThis can't be made into 感動してしまってください / 報告してしまってください\n\n 2. 後でなんらかの嘘が ばれてしまうよりは、潔く報告してしまえば すぐに済む場合も多いものです。 -- do it and get over with it. <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/get_it_over_with>\n\nFor some reason, this doesn't combine with the ください (command) ending.\n\nWhen giving such a suggestion, much more common is the 報告してしまえば ... form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T16:35:58.283",
"id": "39112",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T17:40:16.793",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-10T17:40:16.793",
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},
{
"body": "I searched the word \"shit\" and got 417 million results. \nI searched the word \"feces\" and got 14 million results. \n\"Shit\" is a vulgar word and yet is much more popular than \"feces\" because\n\"shit\" is an informal word and \"feces\" is a formal word. \nIn casual everyday conversations, people will drop formality and use informal\nwords. \nThat is why informal words and expressions are much more popular than formal\nwords.\n\nThat is why ちゃう is much more popular than てしまう. \nちゃう is informal and てしまう is formal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T13:33:43.090",
"id": "40371",
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
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}
]
| 38421 | null | 38423 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38426",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 最近は「アイデンティティ」とか「コンプライアンス」などのことばも使われている。 **日本語でうまく言えないから、使われるのかもしれない**\n> 。しかし、日本語で言えるのに、外来語を使うのは問題だ。例えば、よく「ポリシー」と言う人がいるが、「考え方」とか「やり方」と言ったほうがずっと正確でわかりやすい場合が多い。\n\nI know that 日本語で言える means something along \"...you can say it in Japanese\". I\njust think I'm missing the subject in the bolt sentence and its connection\nwith the form \"で言う\", as he changes from potential (言える) to passive (使われる).\nThis mitigates also to the next sentence, so in total I would interpret this\nand the following passage like:\n\n> Since I(?)/people(?) can't say (these words) properly in Japanese, they\n> might be used (in Katakana form). But when one can say them in Japanese,\n> using foreign words is a problem. For example, there are people that often\n> say \"policy\" but, rather saying \"考え方” or \"やり方”, is much more accurate and\n> easily understood in most cases.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T15:50:49.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38424",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-15T23:51:25.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4419",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "で言うsyntax in context",
"view_count": 754
} | [
{
"body": "日本語で言える may usually be translated as \"I/you/somebody can say it in Japanese,\"\nbut it could also be translated as \"It can be said in Japanese.\" After all, を\nchanges to が for both passive and potential conjugations (usually).\n\n> 日本語でうまく言えないから、使われるのかもしれない。 \n> Maybe (literally: it can't be known if) they are used because they (the\n> words) can't be said well in Japanese.\n\nThen it goes on to say, \"However, using foreign/imported words even when they\ncan be said in Japanese is a problem.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T17:26:24.780",
"id": "38426",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-15T23:51:25.667",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-15T23:51:25.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "9981",
"owner_user_id": "9981",
"parent_id": "38424",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The subject of this sentence is\n\n> （人々は／私たちは）日本語でうまく言えないから、（それらが／カタカナ言葉が／横文字｛よこもじ｝が）使われるのかもしれない。\n\nThe translation wouldn't be \"Since `I` can't say\" because `使う` is in the\npassive form `使われる`, which kind of gives the nuance of `generally being used\nby many people`.\n\nIf the subject is `I`, then I'd say\n\n> 日本語でうまくいえないから、使うのかもしれない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T17:27:29.413",
"id": "38427",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-12T17:27:29.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17476",
"parent_id": "38424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 38424 | 38426 | 38426 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38429",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was wondering about the translation of this sentence:\n(一人くらいは来てくれるんじゃないかな...) What I see is a double negative and a question. Does\nsomeone know if the double negative and question are used to _save face_ , in\na sense, from the speaker, or am I missing something really obvious...\n\n来てくれるん - first negative. じゃない - second negative.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T17:51:03.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38428",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-13T13:15:06.017",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-12T18:10:27.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "16185",
"owner_user_id": "16185",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Double negative in sentence \"一人くらいは来てくれるんじゃないかな...\"",
"view_count": 328
} | [
{
"body": "**In** **general** I think it's correct to say double negative and question\nare used to save face but I'm not sure if this sentence is double negative.\n\nThe expression 来てくれるん is not a negative sentence and also the expression\n`～じゃない？` does use the negative form but is not really a negative sentence\neither and is more like a question.\n\nFor example, something similar in English may be\n\n> Isn't it cold?\n\nJapanese translation would be\n\n> 寒｛さむ｝くない？\n\nThe expression `～んじゃない？` is used to say something with some assumptions and\nalso kind of asking for agreement from the listener just like the example\nabove.\n\nSome examples are:\n\n> 今日は雨がふるんじゃない？\n\n(You see dark clouds) Don't you think it's going to rain?\n\n> A: あ！財布｛さいふ｝がない！\n>\n> B: レストランに 忘れたんじゃない？\n\n(You saw your friend use her/his wallet at the restaurant) Maybe you left it\nat the restaurant?\n\n`～かな...` is used to make it not sound like pushy when stating your opinion. I\nthink it's because it sounds like you are stating your opinion as if you are\nasking it to yourself or talking to yourself. It's like `hmm I think`.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T18:13:29.023",
"id": "38429",
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"parent_id": "38428",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "\"来てくれるんじゃないか\" is same with \"来てくれるのではないか\", hence it is not negative.\n\n\"ではないか(な)\" such as \"来るのではないか\" is thinking/guessing/suspecting a possibility.\nThe sentence means that the talker thinks (or expects) there is a possibility\nthat at least one may come. I believe face(shame or pride) is not related\nhere.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T13:15:06.017",
"id": "38440",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-13T13:15:06.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9135",
"parent_id": "38428",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 38428 | 38429 | 38429 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38432",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that そんな means \"like that\", but as I read more and more mangas, I get\nthe feeling that it is also used as an expression of disbelief. Can someone\nelaborate and do similar words like こんな or どんな have similar use in this case?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T19:10:41.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38430",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-07T19:41:09.040",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-07T19:41:09.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "16147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "そんな used in disbelief",
"view_count": 724
} | [
{
"body": "そんな itself means \"such\" when it's used before a noun or to refer to the amount\nyou are seeing when used as そんなに. So, yes, it can be used as an expression of\ndisbelief.\n\nSome examples:\n\n> そんなに食べるの？？？\n\nAre you going to eat that much??? (You see lots of food in front of the person\nand you can't believe that the person is trying to each that amount of food.)\n\n> こんなに食べたの？？？\n\nDid you eat all of them??? (You see lots of empty plates in front of the\nperson and you can't believe that the person ate all of it.)\n\n> そんな（ばかな／きたない）ことしないで\n\nDon't do such a (stupid/dirty) thing\n\n> そんな（ばかな／つめたい／ひどい）こと言わないで\n\nDon't say such a (stupid/cold/cruel) thing\n\nSo, taking @NothingAtAll's advice... \nYou may hear people say `そんな。。。`, which has the nuance of disbelief because\nyou are just not repeating or describing the details (ellipsis of the above\nexamples), and it kind of means like `Oh no...` by itself\n\nExamples:\n\n> A: You are the worst student I've ever had\n>\n> B: そんな。。。 （そんなひどいこと言うのね。。。）\n\nor\n\n> A: You are not allowed to join the party!\n>\n> B: そんな。。。(そんなひどいことを私にするのね。。。）",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T19:43:31.070",
"id": "38432",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Since it's already been answered, I'm just gonna make an example where that\nparticular meaning of そんな could be used.\n\n> A: The truth is that I'm not your real father...\n>\n> B: そんな。。。\n\nAnd you could imagine the shocked child falling to his/her knees.\n\nThat そんな can be translated as: \"It cannot be...\" or \"Impossible...\" or \"No\nway...\". As I see it, it's close to what Nothing at all commented.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-12T21:22:16.213",
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| 38430 | 38432 | 38432 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38442",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to ask a friend whether she is still studying at ABC school. This is my\nsentence:\n\n> ABC大学に べんきょうしる まだ いる？\n>\n> (Do you still study at ABC University)\n\nThis that right? If not please help me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T14:32:15.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38441",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-13T14:48:39.053",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "11207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"Do you still study in ABC university\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1783
} | [
{
"body": "> ABC大学でまだ勉強していますか？\n\nor\n\n> まだABC大学で勉強していますか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T14:44:53.163",
"id": "38442",
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"owner_user_id": "17499",
"parent_id": "38441",
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]
| 38441 | 38442 | 38442 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that there are tons upon tons of resources on this question because I\ndid a thorough search in google before this post but they don't seem to\naddress my case. I saw this used in a tutorial that I recently looked at:\n\n> エーティーエム **は** ありますか？\n\nHere the tutorial used は for the ATM. And then I saw another example like\nthis:\n\n> みず **が** ありません。\n\nRight here they use が for to say there is no water. Now I know that は and が\nare interchangeable but the tutorial won't accept my answer(I'm using\nMemrise). The question is:\n\n> How do you say \"Is there an ATM?\"\n\nand my answer was\n\n> エーティーエム **が** ありますか？\n\nSo is that a correct way to say it or is it not? What is it implying if it is.\nI saw SO MANY different things said for は and が. Here are some of them for\nexample:\n\n * が puts emphasis on the word before it and は puts emphasis on the word after it.\n * は is used when we are familiar with the object and が is used when we are introducing an unknown one to the one we are talking to.\n * は is used when you want to say that the object は puts an emphasis on is the only one that matters. \"わたし **は** 。。。\" meaning **I** am... I don't care about other people, as far as **I** am concerned... and が is used to make the object _\"pop\"_ and be distinguished from others: \"わたし **が** 。。。\" if we use the が when we are in a group of people it means: Not the others but **ME**. It notes that out of all the people in the group **I** am the one that's concerned in this sentence.\n\nThere are many more since I looked at a lot of sources but every source seems\nto put a different spin on it. Are all of these bullet points correct?\n\nI really seem to have a problem with learning by jumping from resource to\nresource since they all change so weirdly and they confuse me as to what's\nright and what isn't. Any idea how to help with that? Any particular resource\nI can look at and stick with?\n\nSorry for the long question I just needed to add these last few paragraphs to\nimprove my learning in general.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T15:25:20.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38445",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-08T18:12:07.277",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-13T22:05:08.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "17500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particles",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "は and が usage in a weird case",
"view_count": 604
} | [
{
"body": "When you are simply saying `There is something` `が` will be used.\n\n> * ATMがあります\n> * みずがあります\n>\n\nThese are very simple sentences which seem to have no context. Just like\nsaying `There's an ATM`, `There's water` in English.\n\nIf `は` is used for the above sentences, it means slightly different.\n\n> A: I need to withdraw some money. Are there any banks around here?\n>\n> B: [I don't know about banks but..] ATMはあります\n\nIn this case, `は` puts emphasis on `ATM`.\n\nAnother example is:\n\n> A: I need to buy water, milk, and eggs.\n>\n> B: [(I don't know about)/(We don't have) milk and eggs but] みずはあります\n\nThis `は` puts emphasis on `WATER`.\n\nWhen you are asking a question, `Is there XXXXX?` then `は` is used. I think\nit's safe to say that we don't use `が` if we ask a simple question like `Is\nthere XXXXX?` (Note: `が` can be used in a case like `Isn't there XXXXX?` which\nis not a SIMPLE question)\n\n> ATMはありますか？\n>\n> みずはありますか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-14T03:18:49.037",
"id": "38455",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-14T03:34:29.913",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-14T03:34:29.913",
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"owner_user_id": "17476",
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},
{
"body": "> みず **が** ありません \n> is used when: _we have run out of water_ ; _the tank is empty_ ; _this\n> place is arid_ ; _what we don't have is water_ etc.\n>\n> みず **は** ありません \n> is used when: _water isn't available_ ; _there's no water (you can have)_ ;\n> _when it comes to water, we don't have it_ etc.\n\nPlease note that _water_ isn't subject in any English translation of みずがありません\nabove. Without は attaches to みず, it never becomes a sentence that explains how\nwater is, only working as description of another thing that has no water --\nbecause _water_ is not a **topic**.\n\nが marks _subject_ (or, nominative case) while は marks _topic_. Though\nfrequently misunderstood that は is what opposed to が, the real problem is\nwhether は exists or not, as は is a particle that attaches to another particle.\n\n> が + は → **は** \n> を + は → **は** (archaic: をば) \n> に + は → には \n> で + は → では \n> と + は → とは \n> から + は → からは \n> ︙ \n> ︙\n\nMost if not all sentences in Japanese require a topic, explicitly or\nimplicitly, to clarify its scope. A topic can be promoted from an existing in-\nsentence noun, or brought from outside of the sentence. But once a noun\n(phrase) becomes topic, it's treated as an out-of-sentence element.\n\n> ドナルド・トランプは正義か悪か？ (the topic has a place in the sentence) \n> lit. _Donald Trump -- is (he) a hero or a villain?_ or _\"Is Donald Trump a\n> hero or a villain?\"_\n>\n> 象は鼻が長い。 (the topic has no place in the sentence) \n> lit. _An elephant -- the trunk is long._ or _\"An elephant has a long\n> trunk.\"_\n\nA sentence in Japanese needs a topic, just like a paragraph needs a heading.\nThis is what linguists call [**topic-comment\nconstruction**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_and_comment). Without\ntopic people wouldn't understand what you are going to tell by the sentence\n(unless you're apparently bad at Japanese, then they'll guess). Subject of the\nsentence doesn't serve as topic.\n\nThus, if you ask エーティーエム **が** ありますか？ out of nowhere, it'd only mean\nsomething, say, \"Is this place ATM-equipped?\" (i.e. not ATM-less area?) or\n\"Are you an ATM-holder?\" but unable to directly tell that you want to find an\nATM around you. For this reason, practically what you're going to use to ask\nabout existence of ATM on the street would be エーティーエム **は** ありますか？\n\n> _There are many more since I looked at a lot of sources but every source\n> seems to put a different spin on it. Are all of these bullet points\n> correct?_\n\nThey all seem true, only are small parts of the whole truth. They're all about\nthe _usage_ of は, which is a great discussion that worth as thick a book as\nthat about English articles. But never take them as the \"essential function\"\nof は, which is somewhat explained in this answer.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-15T08:07:48.733",
"id": "38472",
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}
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| 38445 | null | 38472 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the function of を in the sentence:\n\n```\n\n あなたは何をしていますか?\n \n```\n\nWhy can't it be written without it, like:\n\n```\n\n あなたは何していますか?\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T17:16:35.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38447",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-13T17:58:56.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17459",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-を",
"questions"
],
"title": "The meaning of を in あなたは何をしていますか?",
"view_count": 232
} | [
{
"body": "'[を](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%92)' is a particle that is used mainly as\nan _object particle_ to\n\n> indicate a **direct object** of action.\n\nTherefore, it needs to be used as you are asking what the object of _doing_ is\nin the question.\n\n> I am doing my homework.\n\ncould be translated to\n\n> [宿題]{しゅくだい} **を** しています.\n\nIn formal Japanese, it is better not to omit 'を' in the sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T17:58:56.313",
"id": "38449",
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}
]
| 38447 | null | 38449 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38456",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OBf70.jpg)\n\nMy previous question wasn't great, but I didn't want to ask this question\nwithout being sure that the kanji below the blue line is 会, but I'm assuming\nthat it is.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BSk8d.jpg)\n\nIn the above example, I've circled the parts that seem to be completely\nsuperfluous in blue, and in green I drew what I felt was the most natural flow\nbetween the strokes. Obviously calligraphy is supposed to be artistic/stylised\nbut is it reasonable to just add extra strokes? The vertical stroke between ニ\nseems to be an extra stroke after 4th (judging by the flick upwards on the\nbottom stroke of ニ), and it seems to be connected to the bottom part. The ム\nseems almost to be reversed in how it's written, with some additional parts.\n\nOn the other hand, most calligraphy I've seen (including the 極真 above) seem to\nbe much more faithful to stroke flow/direction. Is this just an outlier or is\nit expected that calligraphy takes such liberties in how kanji are written?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T18:42:07.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38450",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-14T06:52:55.237",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-13T20:24:05.213",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"calligraphy",
"stroke-order",
"stroke-count"
],
"title": "How strictly does calligraphy typically abide by stroke rules?",
"view_count": 331
} | [
{
"body": "Depending on the style of calligraphy, creative liberties may be taken, and\nthe stroke rules aren't as iron-clad as people like to think. But in this\nparticular case, the reason the final character looks quite different from\nyour expectations is that it's actually closer to the older form that 会\nreplaced: 會. (You will see this character towards the bottom of the link\nvirmaior posted.)\n\nTo be specific: the first stroke across corresponds to the line directly below\nthe angled \"roof.\" The next stroke across and vertical stroke going down\ncorresponds to the \"eyes.\" And the spiral below that corresponds to the 日, a\nslightly stylized take on a very common way to draw a 日 at the base of a\ncharacter which itself derives pretty clearly from the standard stroke order.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-14T06:52:55.237",
"id": "38456",
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}
]
| 38450 | 38456 | 38456 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38454",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do you say \"glow-in-the-dark\" in Japanese?\n\nSpecifically, I am referring to substances that absorb light and then emit the\nlight back in a way that is visible when you remove all other light sources.\n\nI am _not_ referring to substances that rely on a one-time-use chemical\nreaction such as glow sticks, or substances such as fluorescent highlighters\nor black light posters that rely on a separate catalyst like a \"black light\"\nto create the glow effect. (While I wouldn't mind knowing how to describe\nthese too, they are not the primary subject of the question.)\n\nExamples of what I would like to be able to describe:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oHP3E.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xjVX3.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QsQ5U.jpg)\n\nNote that in the third reference image there is text describing the product\nthat reads: \"Glows in the Dark\". This is a literal explanation of what the\nproduct does, but I think the term \"glow-in-the-dark\" as an adjective is more\nuseful, as it can be placed before any noun to explain that the subject in\nquestion has glowing properties. Whether this has any relevance regarding how\nthis could be explained in Japanese, I don't know - but I think it's worth\nmentioning because a term that can be used to describe any object is most\nhandy.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T20:01:38.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38451",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-14T14:46:26.450",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-14T07:54:56.077",
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"owner_user_id": "10773",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "How to say: \"Glow-in-the-dark\"?",
"view_count": 1844
} | [
{
"body": "If it is referring to material in [this\npage](http://www.1999.co.jp/erumaer/m236.html), then 夜光(素材) or 蓄光(素材). If you\ngoogle with 夜光, then you will see what you put in the question. Depending on\nthe material, such as powder, paper, particle, the (素材) part can be changed.\n\n * 夜光パウダー / 蓄光パウダー / 蓄光粉末 / ルミパウダー (ルミ can be used for luminescence) for powder.\n\nAlso [this](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/6415938.html) page explains the\ndifference between 夜光 vs 蛍光 (fluorescent) in Japanese. So you could probably\ndig in more about 夜光/蓄光 to verify if the word is what you're actually looking\nfor.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-14T00:35:52.420",
"id": "38454",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-14T03:32:17.820",
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"owner_user_id": "9135",
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},
{
"body": "I know quite a lot about jigsaw puzzles, and one quite popular type is exactly\nas you describe: it is luminescent, meaning that the dyes absorb light, which\nthey store and re-emit later. These are almost universally labelled as\n光る{ひかる}パズル. These I have been rendering as \"Glow-in-the-dark\", exactly as you\nsay. Here's an example page of these puzzles from Tenyo:\n<http://www.tenyo.co.jp/jigsaw/catalog/t_light_list.html>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-14T14:03:50.093",
"id": "38458",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-14T14:46:26.450",
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| 38451 | 38454 | 38454 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38453",
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"body": "I'm reading the front of a pack of 白玉粉{しらたまこ} and have run into something I\nthink is a name. However, searching online doesn't produce results in any\ndictionary I can find. From what I can see, 精撰 is usually pronounced せいせん, and\n寒晒 only shows up in dictionaries as:\n\n> 寒晒し{かんざらし}\n>\n> n. exposure to cold\n\nI've also seen that the 選 character in:\n\n> 精選{せいせん}\n>\n> n. careful selection\n\nsometimes has alternate spellings as 撰, such as 選ぶ{えらぶ} and 撰ぶ{えらぶ}.\n\nIs this a name or does it mean \"exposed to cold and carefully selected\" or\n\"careful exposure to cold\", e.g. 精撰の寒晒し?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T21:58:00.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38452",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-15T01:03:44.623",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"readings",
"names"
],
"title": "What is the correct pronunciation of 精撰寒晒?",
"view_count": 193
} | [
{
"body": "白玉粉 is also called [寒晒し]{かんざらし} or [寒晒粉]{かんざらしこ}\n\nsee: <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%8E%89%E7%B2%89#cite_note-1> &\n<http://www.ajiwai.com/otoko/make/siratamako.htm>\n\nYou're right that 撰 is an uncommon alternate character for 選. So it is just\n'carefully selected 白玉粉'.\n\nAs for the pronunciation, I imagine the intention is for it to be read\nせいせんかんざらし, even though it lacks the okurigana I'd say it's a similar case to\nwords like 取引 where the reading is not ambiguous so not necessary to include.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-13T23:31:25.127",
"id": "38453",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-14T01:14:43.677",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-14T01:14:43.677",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "38452",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "According to 大辞林 published by Sanseido, 寒晒粉 is a byname of 白玉粉, and it came\nfrom the unique process of producing rice flour for dumpling by \"晒して -\nliterally exposing (soaking) \" the material to cold water during winter.\n\n精選 and 精撰 are the same words to mean \"carefully selected\" as you understand,\nthough the former is more popular. MS Word provides only \"精選\" as the choice\nfor Kanji conversion when you input \"せいせん.\"\n\nThe word, 精選 is ubiquitously used today for consumer goods simply to claim\nit's a good quality, or select product, but we don't say \"精選の製品/商品.\" We simply\nsay 精選白玉粉、精選卵、精選牛肉、精選食料品, 精選文房具, and so on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-14T23:37:25.600",
"id": "38468",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-15T01:03:44.623",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-15T01:03:44.623",
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "38452",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 38452 | 38453 | 38453 |
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