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{
"accepted_answer_id": "38742",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the phrase「置いて行かないで下さい」. I am unsure as to whether this means\n\"please do not leave it there\", or \"please put it down and don't leave\". I'm\nthinking it's the first one, and that if it was the second it would be written\nas「置いて、行かないで下さい」, or maybe something else? Or am I way off with both?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-26T20:59:08.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38741",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between conjugated and te-form listed verbs? 「置いて行かないで下さい」",
"view_count": 179
} | [
{
"body": "```\n\n 「カネオクレタノム」 <--- 電報で有名な笑い話\n \n```\n\nI think you're right on-point on everything you said.\n\nThis enrty (below) used to be huge, until the WP-police (\"the downvoters\")\ncensored it.\n\n> ぎなた読み ---\n> [https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E8%AA%AD%E3%81%BF&oldid=46603070](https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E8%AA%AD%E3%81%BF&oldid=46603070)\n>\n> 1. 「今日は、雨が降る天気じゃない」 と 2. 「今日は雨が降る、天気じゃない」\n\n( I think both utterances are possible in casual speech. )\n\n 1. Today is [ not the kind of weather in which it rains ]\n\n 2. It's (going to be) raining today ; it's not good weather \n\n>\n```\n\n> ■ ぱんつくった ( パン作った / パンツ食った )\n> \n> ■ ねえちゃんとふろはいった? ( ねえ、ちゃんと風呂入った? / 姉ちゃんと風呂入った? )\n> \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-26T21:18:26.520",
"id": "38742",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-26T22:11:57.987",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-26T22:11:57.987",
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},
{
"body": "行く after the te-from of a verb will almost certainly be parsed as a\n[subsidiary verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18965/5010), so\n置いていかないでください means \"Please don't leave it/me/him/etc here\". And even if you\nput a (Japanese) comma after 置いて, people would still parse it in the same way.\nThat comma is nothing more than a small pause between words. For example it\nmay just mean the speaker said the sentence slowly and clearly.\n\nTo absolutely break the link between 置いて and 行く in written language, you need\na (Japanese) period.\n\n> 置いて。行かないでください。 \n> Put it down. Please don't go.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T13:43:33.110",
"id": "38760",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-27T13:43:33.110",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "38741",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 38741 | 38742 | 38760 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Many of the Jp-related posts in the [Lingustics] SE are very advanced.\n\nFor example ----\n\n> <https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/2319/what-is-the-maximum-\n> number-of-forms-a-modern-japanese-verb-can-take>\n>\n> (1) Vstem-causitive-passive-aspect-desiderative-NEG-tense\n>\n> All the possibilities are not, of course, exploited in each expression, but\n> the following illustrates some of the lengthy but commonly observed forms:\n>\n> • 行かせられない 'go'-CAUS-POTEN-NEG-PRES\n>\n> • 行かせられたくない 'go'-CAUS-PASS-DESI-NEG-PRES\n>\n> • 歩かせ続けたい 'walk'-CAUS-CONT-DESI-PRES\n\nWhat are some very long & complicated verb forms?\n\n行かせられない\n\n行かせられ得ない\n\n行かせられ続けたくない\n\n行かせられ続け得たくない (?)\n\n行かせられ続け得たくなかった (?)\n\n( 得難かった )\n\nAre there well-known examples?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T01:24:37.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38745",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-13T12:02:25.327",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"morphology"
],
"title": "Long & complicated verb forms? ( Vstem-causitive-passive-aspect-desiderative-NEG-tense ) 行かせられ続け得たくなかった (?)",
"view_count": 471
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese is an agglutinative, head-final language.\n\nEnglish is more analytical language.\n\nThis means that some meanings that are expressed in English using modal verbs\nand subordinate clauses can be expressed with agglutinative conjugation in\nJapanese.\n\nSince it's head-final, the conjugational morphemes are appended after one\nanother (while in head-initial language they would be prepended) - this could\nexplain why the order in which the markers are applied looks reversed in\nJapanese and in English:\n\n\"Did (PAST) not (NEG) want (DESI) to be (PASS) made to (CAUS) eat (root)\"\n\n食べさせられたく なかった tabe (root) -sase (CAUS) -rare (PASS) -taku (DESI) nakatta (NEG-\nPAST)\n\nThis form can be seen as analytical, made of two separate words:\n\n * 食べさせられたく - being an adverbial phrase\n * なかった - meaning \"it was not that ~\" and taking the adverbial phrase before it as an argument.\n\nWhich brings us to analytical forms in Japanese: The forms with 続く, 続ける, 得る,\nいる, ある, おく etc. can all be seen as analytical modal forms, which take\nnominal/adjectival form as an argument.\n\nIt depends on the specific verb what form it will be:\n\n * nominal/adverbial form 1 (連用形): ~続く, ~続ける, ~得る\n * nominal/adverbial form 2 (so-called て-form): ~いる, ~ある, ~おく\n\nThese are distinct from the agglutinative conjugation forms since they are\nbased of full-fledged verbs, whose grammaticalised meanings stem from their\nregular lexical meanings:\n\n * 続く - \"<something> continues\", 続ける - \"to continue <something>\"\n * 得る - \"<something> is obtainable\"\n * ある - \"to be\" - as in \"車が門の前に止めてある\" - \"the car _has been_ parked at the front of the gate\" (focus on the past _action_ ) (this form is less commonly used)\n * いる - \"to be\" - as in \"車が門の前に止まっている\" - \"the car _is_ parked at the front of the gate\" (focus on the current _state_ - a _result_ of a past action)\n * おく - \"to put\" -> \"to do <something> in advance\"\n\nThey form sentences with subordinate clauses, and the main verb in each of\nthose clauses may undergoes the agglutinative conjugation process.\n\nAlso, the meanings of the conjugational morphemes tends to be broader than the\nmeaning of modal verbs. Causative can mean:\n\n * \"to make (order, force) <someone> do <something>\"\n * \"to allow (agree for) <someone> do <something>\"\n * \"to allow (make it possible to) for <someone> do <something>\"\n\nLast, but not least - in conjugation like this, we are limited with respect to\ncombinations we can form - the following examples are wrong:\n\n * X 食べられさせた (\"made it that <something> has been eaten\")\n * X 食べさせさせた (\"made <someone> make <someone else> to eat\")\n\nTo express those meanings, we would need analytical forms, probably with some\nnominalisations and させる used as full-fledged verb (causative form of する), not\nas a morpheme.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-13T12:02:25.327",
"id": "68834",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-13T12:02:25.327",
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}
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| 38745 | null | 68834 |
{
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"body": "I am a beginner Nihongo learner. I know Did he open the window? -\nかれはまどをあけますか。I just don't know where to insert the \"why\" in the sentence.\nActually, I was a little disappointed that this question is put on hold,\nthinking that people here is not that helpful to people like me.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T03:11:11.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38746",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-27T04:05:16.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17669",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "かれはまどをあけますか。How to convert it to “Why did he open the window?”",
"view_count": 52
} | []
| 38746 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38763",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "It seems to me that sometimes the \"no\" that should be between two nouns is\nomitted. if so, can this be done in any case or are there special cases?\n\nFor example, a case where I think there should be a \"no\" particle is this\n\n> Birusu-sei de shugyō kaishi da!\n\nI translate this as \"It's the training's start in Birusu's planet\" (correct me\nif I'm wrong), and if I would have to write this back for me I would add a\n\"no\" to read\n\n> Birusu-sei de shugyō no kaishi da!\n\nA similar phrase it's seen to use the \"no\"\n\n> Gokū wa shugyō no tabi he!?\"\n\nWhy? Is it optional?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T04:14:07.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38748",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-27T14:56:33.910",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-27T08:17:00.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Can the particle \"no\" sometimes be omitted?",
"view_count": 1695
} | [
{
"body": "Some nouns tend to directly follow arbitrary nouns without any particle and\nform longer noun phrases. 開始 (kaishi) is one of such nouns, while 旅 is not\n(although there are several fixed `noun + 旅` compounds). See my previous\nanswer for other examples: [the omission of an implied \"の\" creates the\nappearance of a\n四字熟語{よじじゅくご}?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19365/5010)\n\n\"Birusu-sei de shugyō _no_ kaishi da!\" is grammatically fine, but I feel this\n_no_ should be omitted. That is partly because this is a subtitle (which\nshould generally be short) and partly because this is a vigorous colloquial\nsentence where particles tend to be omitted.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T14:41:51.943",
"id": "38763",
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"body": "No, you basically can't omit it.\n\nBirusu-sei doesn't stand for \"Birusu's planet\" but \"planet Birusu\", though it\nhappens to be Birusu's planet (Birusu-no hoshi) too in the story. (The globe\nis ware-ware no hoshi while it can't be ware-ware-boshi.)\n\nshugyō-kaishi is one compound word and in this case it's almost the same as\nomission from shugyo-no kaishi but not necessarily interpreted so in every\ncontext. For example, it doesn't really work when your mentor says it at the\nbeginning of training.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T14:56:33.910",
"id": "38764",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-27T14:56:33.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "38748",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 38748 | 38763 | 38763 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38752",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> さて本日より貴様らに新たな命令が下されるわけだが \n> \"Now then, today I’m going to give you new orders\"\n\nI don’t get why the 貴様 is being targeted by the action. Shouldn’t they be\ndoing the action instead?\n\nFor example,\n\n> お前たちに蹴られた \n> I was kicked by you guys\n\nThe に here indicates that お前たち is the one doing the action and the subject of\nthe sentence (which is omitted) is the one receiving the action.\n\nLet’s try a simpler sentence\n\n> お前に命令が下される \n> (私は)お前に命令 が下される\n\nShouldn’t this mean “I am given orders by you.”? But according to my initial\nsentence this would come out as “I am giving you orders”.\n\nDoes the に here indicate “to you” instead of “by you”? Or does the が somehow\ninfluences something?\n\nAlso if I were to rephrase this one\n\n> お前たちに足が蹴られる\n\nWould this come out as \"I am kicking your legs\"?\n\nOnce again, how does the に function here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T06:29:49.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38750",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-27T16:20:05.067",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-27T16:20:05.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "A little help with the passive form",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "The sentence \"私が、お前に命令を下す\" has two objects of direct object and indirect\nobject. 命令を is a direct object and お前に is a indirect object in this sentence.\nIf you want to change a sentence like this to passive form, I think you can\nmake two ways.\n\nFor example, in the case of 私が、お前に命令を下す(I give you orders\"). One passive form\nis in the case that direct object is a subject like 命令が、お前に私によって下される(Orders\nare given you by me).\n\nAnother is in the case that indirect object is a subject like\nお前が、私によって命令を下される(You are given orders by me).\n\nお前が、私を蹴った(You kicked me) has one object, so the passive form is only\n私が、お前に(よって)蹴られた(I was kicked by you).\n\nThat is to say, if you want to change the sentence which has two objects to\npassive form, it needs \"に\" which indicates a target in the case that direct\nobject is a subject.\n\nIn addition, “I am given orders by you\" is translated 私が、お前によって命令を下される. And\nお前が私に命令を下す(You give me orders), 命令が、私にお前によって下される(Orders are given me by you).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T11:05:53.987",
"id": "38752",
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}
]
| 38750 | 38752 | 38752 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38753",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So person A is talking to person B.\n\nA is saying he will move, B asks when, and A responds \"tomorrow\", and after\nthat he adds the following sentence:\n\n> ここに来るようになったぐらいだったかな、決まったの。\n\nI guess it roughly means \"It has been decided around the time since I started\ncoming here.\"\n\nI want to know what the ように means in this case.\n\nように means:\n\n> in order to / so that / hoping or wishing for something\n\nHowever I can't really fit in these meanings with this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T09:39:39.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38751",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-28T00:30:08.127",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-28T00:30:08.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does ように mean here?",
"view_count": 252
} | [
{
"body": "As you have correctly guessed, `dictionary-form + ようになる` means \"(gradually)\ncome to ～\", \"learn to ～\", \"start to ～\", etc. You can find many examples [on\nJGram](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=youninaru) and [on\nALC](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B).\nよう (様 in kanji) is a word which has many meanings including _style/manner_ ,\n_status_ , _way/method_ or _appearance_. ～ようになる may be interpreted as\nsomething like \"become a status of doing ～\", but it's better to memorize this\npattern as-is.\n\nThe sentence says \"As I recall, it was when I _started to_ come here that it\nwas decided.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T11:42:50.077",
"id": "38753",
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| 38751 | 38753 | 38753 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> 私自身、自分の作ったものは先ほど書いたようにどんどん忘れていってしまうけれど、大好きで読みついできたよその作者の小説についてならば\n\n 1. 先ほどの意味？ → long time ago/just now?\n\nI tend to forget what I write just now/long time ago?\n\n 2. 私 → author?\n\n 3. What does よそ mean?\n\n読みついできたよそ → 読みついで/きた/よそ？\n\n 4. While reading =読みついで？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T12:49:44.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38757",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-27T14:43:13.200",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "15896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Help to understand japanese sentence",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "先ほど書いたように is translated as \"as I wrote earlier\".\n\n読みついできたよ/その作者の小説 means \"I have read novels written by the author\".\n\n読みついできた/よその作者の小説 means \"novels written by other authors which I have read\".\nThis seem to be correct according to your below comment.\n\n読みつぐ means \" to read in succession\".",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T13:59:38.697",
"id": "38761",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-27T14:43:13.200",
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| 38757 | null | 38761 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I see both used for the color red. Can someone tell me what the difference is.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T12:58:41.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38758",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-27T12:58:41.777",
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"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between あか and あかい",
"view_count": 78
} | []
| 38758 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38765",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 批評された側では、多少、けなされていても、褒められたところをよりどころにして希望をつなぎとめることができる。\n\n-> people who was criticized, and humiliated, The things that was praised, よりどころ (become foundation(?)) 希望をつなぎとめる(fasten hope(?))\n\nAnd I wonder why けなされていても followed by 褒められたところ?? Its two different thing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T14:41:38.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38762",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-27T15:38:26.083",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-27T14:49:55.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "15896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Japanese 受け身 and sentences",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "Vocabulary:\n\n * AをBに（して）: with A as B; using A as B (See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5615/5010))\n * [よりどころ](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D) (noun): (lit. \"place to rely on\") thing one can believe in; (mental) crutch; supporter\n * 希望をつなぎとめる: (lit. \"anchor hope\") keep having whatever small hope\n\nThe main structure of the sentence:\n\n> 批評された側では、希望をつなぎとめることができる。 \n> The side (=person) which was criticized (i.e., the author of the work) can\n> still have small hope.\n\nAnd the followings are two subordinate clauses that each modify the verb\nつなぎとめる:\n\n> * 多少けなされていても \n> even if (his work) is spoken ill a bit\n> * 褒められたところをよりどころにして \n> using the part which was praised as a crutch\n>\n\nThe whole sentence roughly means \"(If there are parts that were praised in\nyour work,) Even when some parts of your work are spoken ill of, you can still\nhave some hope using the praised part as a crutch.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 38762 | 38765 | 38765 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38844",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Phrases like \"ore no shugyō\", \"my training\" (training of me) , the person\ncomes first and the noun second, but in phrases like \"Fukkatsu no F\" or\n\"Fukushū no Gōruden Furīza\" the order is inverted.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-27T19:28:49.080",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particle-の",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Why in \"Fukkatsu no F\" the words order are inverted?",
"view_count": 524
} | [
{
"body": "Your question seems a bit confused, as nothing looks inverted to me.\n\nA simple way of understanding how の works, for folks coming from English, is\nto view the の as the **'s** in English -- it's basically a possessive. So\n_\"John **'s** apple\"_ in Japanese becomes ジョンさん **の** リンゴ in Japanese.\n\nIn your last two sample phrases, 復活{ふっかつ} **の** F ( _\"Fukkatsu **no** F\"_)\nwould be _\"fukkatsu **'s** F\"_, and 復讐{ふくしゅう} **の** ゴールデンフリーザ ( _\"Fukushū\n**no** Gōruden Furīza\"_) would be _\"Revenge **'s** Golden Freezer\"_.\n\nIt's only if you rework the English to use _\"of\"_ instead of the possessive\n**'s** that the word order changes.\n\n(All that being said, translating **anything** from one language to another\none will inevitably result in a change in the order of ideas. This is simply\nbecause different languages are **different**.)",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-27T21:18:43.150",
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"body": "As you suggested, \"Fの復活\" would be far more straightforward and simply means\n\"The Return of F\", but \"復活のF\" is not a typo, of course. In \"復活のF\", the main\nnoun is \"F\", and 復活の is a phrase that modifies \"F\". Think of it as something\nlike \"F, The Resurrected\" or \"Returning F\".\n\nBasically you can re-analyze this title as \"復活するF\" or \"復活したF\", as if the\nmodifying part were a normal suru-verb. This is probably not a part of the\n\"standard\" Japanese grammar, but you may occasionally find this pattern in\nbook or movie titles because it's shorter and somehow looks cooler due to its\nnonstandard appearance. As chocolate said, 進撃の巨人 (lit. \"Advancing Giants\") is\nanother good recent example of this.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-30T15:53:30.370",
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"body": "I may be missing something, but doesn't 復活のF mean \"the F of Fukkatsu', or \"F\nfor Fukkatsu\" - i.e. \"R for Revival\"? If so, 復讐の F would be \"V for Vengeance\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-03T17:15:42.260",
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| 38767 | 38844 | 38844 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38773",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"Ai oboete imasu ka\" is translated as \"Do you remember love?\", now Ai is love,\noboete is remember and ka is the question marker, why do you need to add\n\"imasu\" to this phrase?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-27T19:33:32.717",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Ai oboete imasu ka, what does \"imasu\" add here?",
"view_count": 2425
} | [
{
"body": "### A note on translation\n\nExpressing the same ideas in different languages inevitably results in all\nkinds of things that don't fit very well, if we try to look only at the\nindividual words used in those expressions. This makes things quite difficult\nfor the beginning learner, since we don't yet have a bigger-picture\nunderstanding of how a given language works.\n\nSo when we analyze how a given expression works in Language A, and we try to\nexplain how that matches up with the expression in Language B that has roughly\nthe same meaning, the explanation sometimes has to get pretty deep and nitty-\ngritty. :)\n\n### Background on the verb\n\nThe main verb here is the _oboete_ (dictionary form: 覚える _oboeru_ ). The verb\n_oboeru_ is often translated as _\"remember\"_ , but the **aspect** of the\nJapanese verb is a bit different.\n\n**Aspect** is a tricky concept, and I won't get into it here -- read [the\nWikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect) for the\ndetails.\n\nIn a simplified nutshell, the English verb _\"remember\"_ does not express any\nchange in state: the person doesn't necessarily change at all, comparing them\nbefore they remember something, and after.\n\nThe Japanese verb _oboeru_ , however, **does** include a change in state, and\nthis is closer to the English verb _\"memorize\"_. In Japanese, you can say\n漢字{かんじ}を **覚える{おぼえる}** to express the concept, _\"I **memorize** the kanji.\"_\nThe change in state here is that the person doesn't have the kanji in their\nhead before they _oboeru_ , and they **do** have the kanji in their head after\nthey _oboeru_. A better translation thus might be _\"put something in mind\"_.\n\n### Main question: what does the _imasu_ do here?\n\nThe Japanese verb _imasu_ (dictionary form: いる _iru_ ) is often translated as\n_\"am, is, be\"_. This is usually a good fit -- 店{みせ}に行{い}きます, _\"I go to the\nstore\"_ , vs. 店{みせ}に行{い}って **います** , _\"I **am** go **ing** to the store\"_. In\nmost cases, _imasu_ is used as an auxiliary (additional) verb to indicate the\npresent progressive -- something **is** happen **ing**.\n\nHowever, verbs that indicate a change of state -- and this gets back to that\ntricky idea of **aspect** -- can take _imasu_ to mean either 1) that the verb\n**is** happen **ing** , or 2) that the change indicated by the verb **has**\nhappen **ed** and the new state **is**.\n\nBy way of example, 切{き}れる ( _kireru_ ) is another of those verbs that\nindicates a change in state, and it basically means _\"to become cut\"_. So\n紙{かみ}が切{き}れる means _\"the paper becomes cut\"_ → _\"the paper changes state from\nwhole, to cut into pieces\"_. 紙{かみ}が切{き}れて **いる** could mean _\"the paper **is**\nbecom **ing** cut\"_, or it could mean _\"the paper **has been** cut\"_ → _\"the\npaper **is** now in a state of having been cut\"_. Context makes it clear which\ninterpretation is more appropriate.\n\nLooking back to the core verb _oboeru_ , when we add _imasu_ , we could mean\nthat the person **is** memoriz **ing** something -- this is a valid\ntranslation, but it depends on the context. The context in your example\nsentence suggests that the second interpretation makes more sense -- the\nperson isn't in the process of memorizing love, or of putting love into their\nminds, but instead **has** put love in mind, i.e. they **have** it in their\nhead → they **remember** it.",
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| 38768 | 38773 | 38773 |
{
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"body": "While reading I sometimes come across some sentences like\n\n> 包丁を使ってたまねぎを切った。\n\nWhere 使って is word just like an adverb which modifies 切る.\n\nSo I looked up a little more about the Te form and I found this:\n\n> 付帯状況\n\nWhich I think it shows how you do the main verb using the Te form verb before\nit as an adverb which modifies the main verb.\n\nCould someone give me a good explanation about Te form and 付帯状況? \nIs the Te form just an adverb? \nOr is it like a relative clause but instead of making a relative about a noun\nit makes an adverbial clause which shows how the next verb is done?\n\n(The the form somehow reminds me of V1ことで...V2, by doing (through) V1 I do V2\nor V1 is how I do V2. This is just how my mind sees it and I don't claim that\nis correct, but can someone tell me if I am wrong?)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-27T20:18:02.623",
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"id": "38769",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "て form and adverbial meaning",
"view_count": 1711
} | [
{
"body": "Yes it's adverb **ial** in relation to the verb (predicate), but you can't say\nit's simply an adverb (you can't use a te-form verb alone as an adverb). The\nword 付帯状況 literally means \"collateral situation\" (I wasn't able to find a\nproper English translation) that means what you're doing alongside doing\naction that is described with main verb, such as:\n\n> 彼は時計を見てため息をついた。\n>\n> → _Looking at the watch, he gave a sigh._ \n> → _He looked at the watch, and gave a sigh._\n\nThe two translations are telling almost the same thing, but if you translate\nlike the former one, it becomes an adverbial clause, while the latter looks\nmore like [serial\nverbs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_verb_construction). Te-form can\nrepresent a wide range of relations between verbs, from almost independent two\nactions (酒を飲んで肉を食べる) to almost subordinate (包丁を使ってたまねぎを切る), depending on the\ncontext.\n\n～を使って leans particularly to the subordinate side, as it always expects a verb\nthat comes after it when it's used. Therefore, the phrase is usually\ntranslated as single words such as _using_ or _with_.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-28T04:35:57.773",
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| 38769 | 38781 | 38781 |
{
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"body": "I've searched for a while now but haven't really found anything that answers\nmy question.\n\nI would like to know where ほど and くらい come from and how they got to mean such\ndifferent things.\n\nI know that ほど is 程, which means \"extent\", and recently I found out that くらい\nis 位 so it means \"rank\". But I can't find a book or a site or anything that\ntalks about them.\n\nDoes anyone have any information?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-27T21:25:56.103",
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"id": "38772",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"history"
],
"title": "くらい and ほど -- Where do they come from?",
"view_count": 445
} | [
{
"body": "I think they come from the noun form of the words.\n\nPeople have needs to modify their saying, for example:\n\nShe was so happy that she felt like crying.\n\nWeren't there the usage \"so...that\", this sentence would be lacking a little\nexpressiveness.\n\nAccordingly, 彼女は泣きたいくらい嬉しい。/ 彼女は嬉しくて泣きたいくらいだ。\n\nBy the way, I think くらい means position as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-02-08T06:16:07.197",
"id": "56497",
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"body": "### Derivation of 程【ほど】\n\nThe modern reading _hodo_ is a shift from older _hoto_.\n\n**Speculation:** This element might be the same _hoto_ that appears as a\ncompounding element in various verbs, apparently related to the adverb\n_potopoto_ \"drippingly\", in reference to liquids. These verbs include:\n\n * 迸る【ほとばしる】: \"to gush, to surge\". Compound of _hoto_ + _hashiru_ , where _hoto_ seems to mean \"lots of water\"\n * 潤びる【ほとびる】: \"to swell or soften with water\". from older ほとぶ. Compound of _hoto_ + suffix _-bu_ , which appears to be an instance of `/b/` ↔ `/m/` alternation with suffix _-mu_ , \"to become like, to appear like\". The _hoto_ element could again be interpreted as \"lots of water\", in the context of \"having\" or \"full of\".\n\nIf 程【ほど】 derives from the same _hoto_ , it might be a reference to \"an amount\n(of something)\".\n\n### Derivation of 位【くらい】\n\nOriginally a compound of 座【くら】 (\"seat\") + 居【ゐ】 (\"being, sitting\", the\n連用形【れんようけい】 or continuative form of verb 居る【ゐる】 \"to be or sit in a place\").\n\nThe initial sense was \"where one sits\", used then as a euphemism for one's\nsocial standing. (For that matter, the English term \"standing\" is a similar\nkind of usage.) Over time, this sense of \"rank\" was extended to refer to\nvarious other things.\n\n### Usage\n\nMy personal sense for the subtleties of word usage is limited as a non-native\nspeaker. My gut feeling is that 程【ほど】 is used in places where English would\nhave \"as much (or some other adjective) as\" or \"so much (or some other\nadjective) that\", as in:\n\n * 「ＡさんはＢさん[ほ]{●}[ど]{●}淋【さみ】しい」, \"A is **as lonely as** B\".\n * 「Ａが高ければ高い[ほ]{●}[ど]{●}、Ｂが大きい」, literally \"if A is high, then **as high as** it is, B is that big\" → \"the higher the A, the bigger the B\".\n * 「どれ[ほ]{●}[ど]{●}食べたのですか？」, literally \"You ate **as much as** which?\" → \" **How much** did you eat?\"\n\nThat said, 位【くらい】 is also used the same way as the last pattern:\n「どれ[く]{●}[ら]{●}[い]{●}食べた？」. In fact, 位【くらい】 seems to be more common than 程【ほど】\nin this usage. However, 位【くらい】 is never used for the `[ADJ]`ければ`[ADJ]`ほど\nconstruction, and for the first pattern, it requires a の where 程【ほど】 just\ncomes right after the noun.\n\nI'll leave a qualitative analysis of the different uses to other posters.",
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| 38772 | null | 57829 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38776",
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"body": "I was learning the kanji 本 and read the following line:\n\n> Counter - (Sometimes pronounced ぼん or ぽん) - counter for long cylindrical\n> things....\n\nSo my question is, when do you pronounce this as a ぼん or a ぽん? Does this\ndepend on the item or is this a dialect-specific situation?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-27T22:25:35.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "本 pronunciation",
"view_count": 585
} | [
{
"body": "When 本 is used as a counter, you only use ぼん/ぽん in the following situations:\n\n> 一本{いっぽん}、三本{さんぼん}、六本{ろっぽん}、八本{はっぽん}、十本{じゅっぽん}\n\nAll other pronunciations use ほん. This works for bigger numbers as well:\n\n> 八十本{はちじゅっぽん}、百六本{ひゃくろっぽん}、etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-27T23:15:00.200",
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| 38774 | 38776 | 38776 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38779",
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"body": "I am looking at the following problem:\n\n> 自分の考えに自信を持ち、これで良いのだと自分に言いきかせるだけは充分ではない。他の人の考えにも、肯定的な姿勢を(\n> )しなくてはならない。どんなものでもその気になって探せば、必ずいいところがある。それを称揚する....\n\nThe four possible answers are :\n\n```\n\n a. とるように \n b. とられるように\n c. とらせるように\n d. とらされるように\n \n```\n\nThe book says the answer is とるように. Why doesn't the 受け身 work？\n\n`他の人の考えにも、肯定的な姿勢をとるようにしなくてはならない`-> we have to adopt another person positive\nattitude and consider what they think(?)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-28T00:15:09.117",
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"owner_user_id": "15896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Confusing 受け身 questions",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "Because the subject is \"we\", not 肯定的な姿勢.\n\nIf the phrase is 肯定的な姿勢が, so 肯定的な姿勢 is a subject, it become passive form like\n肯定的な姿勢がとられるように.",
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| 38777 | 38779 | 38779 |
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"body": "> 最終的に私が出版を決断した理由はただ一つ、本書を手に取ってくださった方が、改めて物語の魅力を確認し、物語の役割に目覚め、「ああ、本を \n> a. 読めば \n> b. 読むことは \n> c. 読んでいれば \n> d. 読んでいる人は\n>\n> 何と素晴らしいことであろうか」と思ってくれたら、との願いが \n> A. ありました \n> B. あったというのです \n> C. あったからなのです \n> D. あったはずなのです\n\n 1. I wonder why the answer is 読むこと. Is 読めば wrong?\n 2. The answer to the second one is あったからなのです. Is this because との願いが->との=という? Why is あったというのです wrong?\n\nEntire paragraph --\n\n>\n> 最終的に私が出版を決断した理由はただ一つ、本書を手に取ってくださった方が、改めて物語の魅力を確認し、物語の役割に目覚め、「ああ、本を読むことは何と素晴らしいことであろうか」と思ってくれたら、との願いがあったからなのです。\n>\n>\n> もし他所の星から来た生物が、本を読んでいる人間を見たらどう思うだろう、と私は想像することがあります。小さな箱型の紙の束を手に、ただじっと座っているだけで、あるいは寝転がっているだけで、時折、一枚紙がめくられる以外変化はなく、ただ静かに時間が過ぎてゆく。いくら\n> **辛抱強く** 待っていても、何か新しい製品が生み出されるわけでもない。 **一体何の得があって人間たちはこんな地味な営みをしているのか**\n> ？きっとそんな風に首を傾げるのではないでしょうか。\n>\n> その時人間の心がどれほど劇的に揺さぶられているか、それは目に見えません。効果を数字によって測ることも不可能です。だからこそ **かけがえがない**\n> のだ、 **自分が自分であるための大切な証明になるのだ、ということを、くどいくらいに繰り返し語っているのが、** → refer to what?\n> Reading a book? \n> a.本書です \n> b.理由です \n> c.本書で明らかになります \n> d.本書の中で言いたいことです。\n\n 1. In the first paragraph the author decides to publish his work(?) and the reason is because he wants people who read his book to think that reading a book is wonderful thing(?)\n\n 2. Maybe its about how wonderful is reading a book(?) and its about people who wait next publication of book(?) \n地味な営みをしている->読書=地味？ \nThe author wondering about 宇宙人 who see people on earth reading book and\nwondering what's profit people will get by reading a book\n\n 3. How exciting something is(?) can neither be seen through eyes nor measured. \nFor the last part the answer is 本書です. I thought it was 本書の中で言いたいことです",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Help to choose the answer that fits the context of a paragraph",
"view_count": 481
} | [
{
"body": "Both questions seen in the paragraph can have multiple answers grammatically,\nbut only one of each fits the meaning of the entire sentence.\n\n> 「本を **読めば** 何と素晴らしいことであろうか」 \n> \"What a wonderful thing it* is **once** (somebody) reads books!\"\n>\n> 「本を **読むことは** 何と素晴らしいことであろうか」 \n> \"What a wonderful thing read **ing** books is!\"\n>\n> 「本を **読んでいれば** 何と素晴らしいことであろうか」 \n> \"What a wonderful thing it* is **when once / if only** (somebody) **is\n> reading** books!\"\n>\n> ×「本を **読んでいる人は** 何と素晴らしいことであろうか」 \n> _unacceptable; in Japanese, こと only stands for \"deed/event\"_ thing _as\n> opposed to もの for \"object\"_ thing\n\n*The _it_ doesn't refer to the clause that comes after in translations.\n\n* * *\n\n * 最終的に私が出版を決断した **理由** は… \"The reason I finally decided to publish it...\"\n\n> …との願いが **ありました** 。 \n> \"... **has** a wish that is --.\"\n>\n> …との願いが **あったというのです** 。 \n> \"... **is allegedly that I had** a wish that is --.\"\n>\n> …との願いが **あったからです** 。 \n> \"... **is because I had** a wish that is --.\"\n>\n> …との願いが **あったはずなのです** 。 \n> \"... **is that it is supposed to have had** a wish that is --.\" (??)\n> _(almost unacceptable)_\n>\n> cf. \n> …との願いです。 \"...is a wish that is --.\" \n> …との願いがあったのです。 \"...is that I had a wish that is --.\"\n\nYou're correct that との is a formal alternative to quotative という, but it has\nnothing to do here.\n\n> 日本に行きたい（という／との）願い _quotative_ \n> マイケル・ジャクソン（という／× との）人 _not quotative_\n\n* * *\n\n**UPDATE**\n\n> 1. _First paragraph the author decide to publish his work(?) and the\n> reason is because he want people who read his book to think that reading a\n> book is wonderful thing(?)_\n>\n\nYou're right. So, this 物語 turns out to generally refer to what we call \"story\"\nor \"storytelling\".\n\n> 2. _Maybe its about how wonderful is reading a book(?) and its about\n> people who wait next publication of book(?) \n> 地味な営みをしている->読書=地味？？ \n> The author wondering about 宇宙人 who see people on earth reading book and\n> wondering what's profit ppl will get by reading a book (?)(?)(?)(?)_\n>\n\nThe passage is about how reading books would look objectively. The writer\nbrings up an alien as an example who doesn't understand terran people's\ninternal activity. You're correct about `地味な営み = 読書`.\n\n> 3. _How exciting something is(?) cannot be seen through eyes neither\n> measure by number. Dont get the point \n> Last part the answer is 本書です \n> First i thought that the answer is 本書の中で言いたいことです_\n>\n\nTry understand 数字 as \"data\". 数字 often represents something can be seen\nobjectively. I personally feel there's a big leap in logic :) but anyway, the\nwriter is arguing that how people's hearts are moved by literature is\nunmeasurable in objective and physical (~ 目に見える) form, and thus invaluable.\n\nThe construction in the last part `Verb のが X だ/です` is a [cleft\nsentence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_sentence) that can be rephrased\nas `X こそが Verb`, that means, _X_ must be the subject of the _V_. If you fill\nin 本書の中で言いたいことです, it'd mean \"what I want to tell in this book is telling...\"\nand wouldn't make sense.\n\n> _だからこそ **かけがえがない** のだ、 **自分が自分であるための大切な証明になるのだ、ということを、くどいくらいに繰り返し語っているのが、**\n> → refer to what? Reading a book?_\n\nYes, the subject of かけがえがない and 自分が自分であるための大切な証明になるのだ are reading books.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-28T03:23:51.423",
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| 38778 | null | 38780 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38847",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 俺が作り上げたのではないことは、昨日の行動からして自分が夢遊病だったり第二人格でもないと無理なのは解っている。\n\nCould you explain how does the 俺が作り上げたのではないことは and the でもない work here.\n\nI guess it's \"I fact that I didn't make it up\"\n\nAs for the でもない I guess it's like\n\nJudging from my conduct yesterday it's neither due to sleepwalking nor a\nsecond personality.\n\nCan someone correct me on this?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-28T05:41:14.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38783",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Could you explain how does the 俺が作り上げたのではないことは and the でもない work here?",
"view_count": 234
} | [
{
"body": "That sentence is poorly composed and doesn't make much sense, though you can\nimagine that it actually wanted to say 俺が作り上げたのではないことは、昨日の行動からして **明らかで、**\n自分が夢遊病だったり第二人格でもないと無理なのは解っている or \"It's obvious from what I did yesterday that\nI didn't make it up and I know it's impossible unless I was a sleepwalker or\nin another personality or so\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T04:32:35.833",
"id": "38806",
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"body": "This sentence is certainly confusing, but I would parse this as a sentence\nwith two long topics marked with the two は. This sentence can be safely\ndivided into two sentences:\n\n> * 【俺が作り上げたのではないこと】は解っている。 \n> I know that it was not something made by me.\n> * 【（昨日の行動からして）（自分が夢遊病だったり第二人格でもないと）無理なの】は解っている。 \n> Judging from what I did yesterday, I know that it (=making it) was\n> impossible, unless I were a noctambulist or had a second personality.\n>\n\n>\n> The topic (noun phrase) is marked with 【】)",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-30T16:40:33.943",
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| 38783 | 38847 | 38847 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am not posting the entire paragraph. Instead, this is only small part that I\nwas confused about.\n\nしかし、実物を手で触ることが\n\nA.できても\n\nB.できなくても\n\nC.できる場合\n\nD.できない場合\n\nThe answer is できなくても. I wonder why the answer isn't できない場合.\n\n、人の所有物として守らなければならないものがある。文学や音楽などの作品とか、デザインや発明などである。これらのものは作った人、考え出した人の大切な財産である。実際に値段は付いていないので、売ってすぐにお金に換えることは\n\nA.できるにしても\n\nB.できるとなったら\n\nC.できないにしても\n\nD.できないとしたら\n\n、お金や土地と同じように、「持ち主は私です」と主張することができる。\n\nThe answer is できないにしても=although cannot ...\n\nBut what is the different between できないとなったら and できないとしたら？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-28T07:42:04.020",
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"id": "38785",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-28T13:50:50.560",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Help to understand what words fit in the sentence",
"view_count": 197
} | [
{
"body": "But if you can't touch actual thing by your hands, we must save that. This is\nquite strange, you know.\n\n×But if\n\n○Even if\n\nにしても have negative nuance.\n[example](http://www.ravco.jp/cat/view.php?cat_id=4493)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-28T13:33:54.987",
"id": "38791",
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"body": "できなく **ても** (\" **even if** [one] cannot\") here points to the contrast, or\nseeming contrariety between the intangibility of a thing and the necessity to\nprotect it as private property (just as it is necessary to protect a tangible\none as such):\n\n> However, there are things which, **even if** we cannot touch them, we must\n> (nevertheless) protect as a person's property.\n\nできない **場合** (\" **if/in case** [one] cannot\") is just a plain conditional with\nno added flavor. It can be taken as suggesting that we don't have to protect\nproperty if it is tangible!\n\nRegarding the second question, the difference between **できないとなったら** and\n**できないとしたら** is less significant than between these two and the correct answer\nできないにしても . It's like **\"if it proves impossible to...\"** (or \"if one proves\nunable to...\") v.s. **\"if it is impossible to...\"** (or if one is unable\nto...\")",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T04:53:03.387",
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| 38785 | null | 40423 |
{
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"body": "Looking at Google Maps I noticed when translating to Japanese some names are\nhyphenated and others are not. It seems to be arbitrary but maybe there's some\nJapanese rule I'm unaware of\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wy9En.jpg)\n\nThe first example I noticed is \"Daikan-Yama\" which at first I thought, \"Okay,\nthat's strange\" but then I thought, \"well, I guess if you think of it as\n_Mount Daikan_ then it might make sense\".\n\nBut there's is apparently no rhyme or reason as to when something is\nhyphenated. Followed the \"Daikan-Yama\" example I'd expect \"Sangu-bashi\" as in\n\"Sangu Bridge\" or \"Aka-saka\" as in \"Red Hill\" or \"Shibu-Ya\" as in \"Shibu\nValley\". We see \"Higashi-Kitazawa\" for \"East Kitazawa\" but we don't see\n\"Shimo-Kitazawa\" for \"Lower Kitazawa\".\n\nIs there any actual rule or is it just arbitrary?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-28T08:07:42.220",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-28T13:30:31.273",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"names",
"rōmaji",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Is there any Japanese language reason why Google Maps hyphenates some names and not others?",
"view_count": 579
} | [
{
"body": "Seeing _Ikeno-Ue_ I'll venture a guess and say that there is no reason why\nGoogle Maps hyphenates some place names and not others.\n\nHere ノ is the particle の and I would say that hyphenation of 池ノ上 _ike no ue_\nbased on the Japanese language should be one of the following\n\n 1. Ikenoue\n 2. Ike-no-Ue (or Ike-No-Ue)\n 3. Ike no Ue (or Ike No Ue)\n\nalthough I'd definitely choose the first (it a single name).\n\nIn some cases (e.g. _Shimbashi_ ) Google Maps seems to use the romanization\ngiven by the train company, but in this case Keio Corporation has romanized\n池ノ上 as _Ikenoue_\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5kQIo.png)\n\n* * *\n\nSome hyphens seem to be placed appropriately, separating a name from a prefix\n( _Shin-Daita_ ) or from a suffix ( _Meidai-Mae_ ).\n\nMaybe the hyphen in _Daikan-Yama_ was put to distinguish _n'ya_ (two morae)\nand _nya_ (one mora). Here 山 _yama_ should be part of the name and not a\nsuffix. (And, by the way \"Mount Daikan\" would be _Daikan- **San_**.)\n\nI agree that the hyphenation of _Shimokitazawa_ and _Higashi-Kitazawa_ is\ninconsistent, as is the (non-)hyphenation of _Higashishinbashi_ (where\n_Higashi_ should be a prefix)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gAw7q.png)\n\n* * *\n\n## tl;dr\n\n> Is there any Japanese language reason why Google Maps hyphenates some names\n> and not others?\n\nNo.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-28T10:00:39.987",
"id": "38789",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-28T19:07:11.013",
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},
{
"body": "( Map and train companies, and English-language newspapers must have\nstylebooks and style guides for these things.)\n\nAkasaka and Shibuya (like Ginza) are among the most famous places in Tokyo,\nand Jp people are used to seeing them in Roman alphabet, so they wouldn't be\nwritten as \"Aka-saka\" or \"Shibu-Ya\" -- except for some particular effect.\n\nThe same for \"Shimokitazawa\" ( not \"Shimo-Kitazawa\" ) ---\n<https://taiken.co/uploads/2016/01/21418829858_22386637eb_o-medium.jpg>\n\n> find-travel.jp -- 下北沢はグルメ、カルチャーのホットスポット！音楽、ファッション、サブカルの最先端を常に発信し続ける、個性豊かな街。\n> カフェもレストランもユニークなお店が集まっていて、散策しているだけで楽しいです。 また、ライブハウスや劇場も多く、 ...\n\nShin-Daita ... There may be historical reasons for preferring Shin- with\nhyphen. (for this and for other names) (or just to avoid Shinyokohama しにょ ...)\n\nThey seem to use [School name]-Mae.\n\nElsewhere too \"... -cho\" is usu. connected without a hyphen. (e.g. Yurakucho)\n\nNaka-Meguro -- maybe this is because Meguro is so historically famous. ...\n目黒のさんま\n\n* * *\n\nI've seen several Jp Web pages discussing this and related matters. Train\nstations tend to insert more hyphens to improve readability, and each train\ncompany has its own rules and conventions.\n\nThe following page contains partial summaries of rules followed by JR東日本,\n東京メトロ, and つくばエクスプレス\n\n<http://mandel59.hateblo.jp/entry/2012/09/11/015525>",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-30T19:14:49.887",
"id": "38850",
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| 38786 | null | 38789 |
{
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"body": "> 「そういえば……助けたといえば、あの時のは何だったの？急に突き飛ばされた気がしたんだけど」\n>\n> 「ああ……」\n>\n> さて、どう言ったものか。ここでまた妖精なんて言ったら、今度こそ終わりだろうし。\n>\n> 「近くにいたけど、俺にもよくわからなかったな。でも助かったんだし、いいんじゃないか？」\n>\n> 「それはさすがにすっきりしないんだけど……」\n>\n> 結局、誤魔化すしかなかったが、納得してはもらえなかった。 **ただ、俺のせいとも思われなかったが** 。\n\nWhat exactly is he saying in the last sentence?\n\nIt looks like he is saying that he doesn't believe he is to blame, but I'm not\nquite sure what he means.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-28T08:33:24.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38787",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T02:43:27.430",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 俺のせいとも思われなかった mean here?",
"view_count": 321
} | [
{
"body": "The 思われなかった here is the [indirect passive (間接受身) / suffering passive\n(迷惑の受身)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B#.E9.96.93.E6.8E.A5.E5.8F.97.E8.BA.AB).\nThe subject of the passive 思われる is 俺, and the subject of 思う is the other\nperson. 「俺は彼に『俺のせい（だ）』と思われる」 literally means \"I am thought that it was my\nfault by him\", which probably makes little sense in English. You say 「(私は)\nSomeone + に + Sentence + と思われる」 to mean \"(Someone) thinks ~~, which affects me\n(in some way),\" and it's often translated as \"I have (someone) think ~~.\" This\nkind of passive form doesn't have a corresponding active form:\n*彼は俺を/に、俺のせいだと思う.\n\n> (俺は彼に)納得してはもらえなかった。ただ、(俺は彼に)「(彼が急に突き飛ばされたのは)俺のせい」とも思われなかったが。 \n> I couldn't convince him. I didn't have him think that it was my fault\n> either, though. / He wasn't happy with my explanation. He didn't think it\n> was my fault either, though.",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-28T23:40:30.333",
"id": "38798",
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},
{
"body": "思う: to think \n思われる: to be thought \n思われなかった: was not thought\n\n俺のせいとも思われなかった \nMy fault was not thought either. \nThey didn't think it was my fault either.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T02:43:27.430",
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"body": "# 日本語\n\n**以下の整理は正しいですか。正しくないところがあれば、てつだってください。**\n\n* * *\n\n## １ 「でさえ」の「で」は助詞の「で」の場合\n\n> X: 世界の闇｛やみ｝の中 **さえ** きっとあなたは輝｛かがや｝く。 \n> **O:** 世界の闇の中 **でさえ** きっとあなたは輝く。\n\n闇の中 **で** 輝く -> 闇の中 **でさえ** 輝く \n元の助詞は「で」ですよね。「 **さえ** 」が入るなら、「で」は「 **でさえ** 」になります。「で」は消せません。\n\n> **O:** 君 **さえ** 止められない人間を見たことがない。 \n> I've never seen someone who couldn't stop even you.\n>\n> **O:** 君 **でさえ** 止められない人間を見たことがない。 \n> I've never seen someone whom even you couldn't stop.\n>\n> (from broccoli forest’s answer in [ですら・でも・さえ・だろう（と／が）。 Are there any\n> differences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19784/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%82%89-%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82-%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86-%E3%81%A8-%E3%81%8C-are-\n> there-any-differences/19792#19792))\n\n「君 **さえ** 」の文章は、最初に「君が」ですから、「が」が消えます。broccoli forest によると、「君 **さえ**\n止められない」は「人間が君を止めることができない」ということです。\n\n「君 **でさえ** 」の文章は、状態の「で」ですから （君として止められない）、「で」が消えなくて、「さえ」が入ります。broccoli forest\nによれば、「君 **でさえ** 止められない」は「君が人間を止めることができない」ということです。 \n(子供でわからなければ、大人に聞くといい。[さえ how to use\nit](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/33409/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-how-\nto-use-it))\n\n* * *\n\n## ２ 「でさえ」の「で」は「である」の「で」の場合\n\nその場合は、「さえ」と「でさえ」の用法はわからない時、まず「条件」か「類推」か考えたほうがいいと思います。\n\n> **条件** \n> **O:** お金 **さえ** あれば、いいですね。 \n> X: お金 **でさえ** あれば、いいですね。\n>\n> **O:** パソコン **さえ** あれば、仕事ができる。 \n> X: パソコン **でさえ** あれば、仕事ができる。\n>\n> **O:** あの男 **さえ** いなくなれば。。。 \n> X: あの男 **でさえ** いなくなれば。。。\n>\n> **類推** \n> X: この問題、猿 **さえ** 解けますよ。 \n> **O:** この問題、猿 **でさえ** 解けますよ。\n>\n> X: 犯人 **さえ** 人情{にんじょう}がありますよ。世界の闇 **さえ** 輝ける。 \n> **O:** 犯人 **でさえ** 人情がありますよ。世界の闇 **でさえ** 輝ける。\n\n* * *\n\n**脚｛きゃく｝注｛ちゅう｝**\n\n[さえ how to use\nit](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/33409/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-how-\nto-use-it)\n\n[ですら・でも・さえ・だろう（と／が）。 Are there any\ndifferences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19784/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%82%89-%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82-%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86-%E3%81%A8-%E3%81%8C-are-\nthere-any-differences/19792#19792)\n\n[Difference between\nさえ、でさえ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36397/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%95%E3%81%88/36407#36407)\n\n[での用法](http://okwave.jp/qa/q8538191.html)\n\n(Edited errors involving particles and translation)\n\n# English\n\nAre the following observations correct? Please help if I have made mistakes\nsomewhere.\n\n* * *\n\n## １ When で in「でさえ」is a particle\n\n> X: 世界の闇｛やみ｝の中 **さえ** きっとあなたは輝｛かがや｝く。 \n> **O:** 世界の闇の中 **でさえ** きっとあなたは輝く。 \n> Even in the darkness of the world, you will surely shine.\n\n闇の中 **で** 輝く becomes 闇の中 **でさえ** 輝く. Since あなた shines **in** the darkness, で\nis needed to express a place of action. At first で is used, but once **さえ** is\nadded, で doesn't disappear; it becomes **でさえ**.\n\n> **O:** 君 **さえ** 止められない人間を見たことがない。 \n> I've never seen someone who couldn't stop even you.\n>\n> **O:** 君 **でさえ** 止められない人間を見たことがない。 \n> I've never seen someone whom even you couldn't stop.\n>\n> (from broccoli forest’s answer in [ですら・でも・さえ・だろう（と／が）。 Are there any\n> differences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19784/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%82%89-%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82-%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86-%E3%81%A8-%E3%81%8C-are-\n> there-any-differences/19792#19792))\n\nFor 君 **さえ** , the original phrase is 君が, but が disappears. According to\nbroccoli forest, 君 **さえ** 止められない means「人間が君を止めることができない」- the subject is a\nhuman, 人間, and the object is 君.\n\nFor 君 **でさえ** , the「で」is a particle that expresses a state - the state of\nbeing 君（like saying 君として止められない - **As** you, you cannot stop...）. で doesn't\ndisappear when さえ enters. broccoli forest says again, 君 **でさえ** 止められない\nmeans「君が人間を止めることができない」. \n(A similar sentence would be 子供でわからなければ、大人に聞くといい。from [さえ how to use\nit](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/33409/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-how-\nto-use-it))\n\n* * *\n\n## ２ When で in「でさえ」is from「である」\n\nIn this case, I think it's best to think about whether a condition or an\nanalogy is being expressed.\n\n> **Condition** \n> **O:** お金 **さえ** あれば、いいですね。 \n> X: お金 **でさえ** あれば、いいですね。 \n> If only I have money; that would be great.\n>\n> **O:** パソコン **さえ** あれば、仕事ができる。 \n> X: パソコン **でさえ** あれば、仕事ができる。 \n> If only I had a computer; I would be able to do my work.\n>\n> **O:** あの男 **さえ** いなくなれば。。。 \n> X: あの男 **でさえ** いなくなれば。。。 \n> If only that man weren't there...\n>\n> **Analogy** \n> X: この問題、猿 **さえ** 解けますよ。 \n> **O:** この問題、猿 **でさえ** 解けますよ。 \n> Even a monkey can solve this question.\n>\n> X: 犯人 **さえ** 人情{にんじょう}がありますよ。世界の闇 **さえ** 輝ける。 \n> **O:** 犯人 **でさえ** 人情がありますよ。世界の闇 **でさえ** 輝ける。 \n> Even a criminal has humanity, you know. Even the darkness in the world can\n> shine.\n\n* * *\n\n**References**\n\n[さえ how to use\nit](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/33409/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-how-\nto-use-it)\n\n[ですら・でも・さえ・だろう（と／が）。 Are there any\ndifferences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19784/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%82%89-%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82-%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86-%E3%81%A8-%E3%81%8C-are-\nthere-any-differences/19792#19792)\n\n[Difference between\nさえ、でさえ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36397/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%95%E3%81%88/36407#36407)\n\n[での用法](http://okwave.jp/qa/q8538191.html)\n\n(Edited errors involving particles and translation)",
"comment_count": 7,
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"tags": [
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"particle-さえ"
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"title": "さえ vs でさえ ｜ この整理は正しいですか。(English available)",
"view_count": 4056
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{
"body": "O: 君でさえ止められない人間を見たことがない。I've never seen someone who **m** even you couldn't\nstop O: 犯人でさえ人情がありますよ。世の悪党でさえ輝くことができる。 こんなかんじですか。",
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"body": "Also, would you say something different whether that person is someone you\nknow or not?",
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"tags": [
"usage",
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"title": "What is the most commonly used way to apologize in Japanese?",
"view_count": 815
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{
"body": "The most common ways are Sumimasen and Gomennasai. The first one is more\nformal while the second one can be used with people who are closer in terms of\nrelationship",
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"body": "In business situation, you should use 申し訳ございません or 申し訳ありません. It's more formal\nthan すみません or ごめんなさい.",
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"body": "For apologies to friends, you should use **Sumimasen** \nFor formal situations, you should use **Gomen nasai**\n\nOtherwise, you can also say **Hontou ni gomen nasai**",
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"body": "There is no most commonly used way, it depends on the situation.\n\n**Informal**\n\n> * わりい (←sounds like you aren't really showing remorse, male)\n> * 悪い (male-ish)\n> * すまん (male-ish)\n> * ごめん\n>\n\n(If you say any of these twice in a row, like ごめんごめん, that also makes it\nsounds like you aren't showing remorse.)\n\n**Regular**\n\n> * 申し訳ない (feels proper but not particularly polite due to ending with a\n> plain ない)\n> * ごめんなさい (feels slightly childish)\n> * すいません（でした） (probably the most common in everyday non-business speech)\n> * すみません（でした）\n>\n\n**Business**\n\n> * 申し訳ありません（でした）\n> * 申し訳ございません（でした）\n> * 申し訳なく存じます\n> * お詫び申し上げます\n>\n\nOften prefaced by 「大変ご迷惑をおかけして」 or similar, depending on how bad of a thing it\nwas.\n\nEspecially in business, there are plenty more variations, but I'd say these\nare the more commons ones.",
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| 38792 | 38793 | 38823 |
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"body": "I read that そう means it is/it so and that adding the だった, means past tense so\nit would only make sense that そうだった would translate into it was.\n\nI heard someone in an anime say this and the translation was `you are right`.\nI can understand how `it is so` can mean you are right/ you are correct, but\nshouldn't it be you were correct ?\n\nAm I missing something ?",
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"tags": [
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"title": "What does そうだった means",
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{
"body": "そうだった -- often means\n\n * ( I had forgotten that ) [ it was so ]. or\n\n * ( I should have remembered / realized / guessed .... that ) [ it was so ].\n\n> <http://shouyouki.web.fc2.com/ta.htm>\n>\n> なお、「だった」「かった」は、回想のほかに、「想定外の現在の状態」を示すこともある。\n>\n>\n> 「お前はそんな奴だったのか」とか、「こんなことも知らなかったのか」というときの「た」は、今も続く状態を今知ったということを示しており、古文の「気づきの『けり』」と同じような機能を果たしている。",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T20:35:46.100",
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"body": "Just to add onto the above answer:\n\nそうだった is a very common expression and can have different meaning depending on\ncontext and inflection. English equivalents would be:\n\n\"Oh...yeah, that's right.\"\n\n\"Really?\" -With an inflection at the end. Meaning I'm not sure if I believe\nyou or that's kind of strange.",
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"body": "I'm having some problems differentiating between meanings of sentences. For\nexample the sentence\n\nとても元気は男の子です\n\ncan mean, very energetic boy or it can mean very healthy kid.\n\nThese two are very different in meaning, how can you tell the difference ?",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
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"title": "How to differentiate meaning of words",
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{
"body": "Other than in very specific situations, 元気 is usually used to describe\n'energetic' or 'lively. So without context, it would be energetic instead of\nhealthy. (Though you sort of have to be healthy in order to be energetic\nright? )",
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| 38795 | null | 39395 |
{
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"body": "> 昨日｛きのう｝も全然｛ぜんぜん｝ **寝｛ね｝てない** 。*\n>\n> Yesterday I didn't sleep at all.\n\nIs it 寝る in て-form followed by ある in negative form? Or a contraction of 寝ていない?\n\nAlso, why is it not in past form? I thought one should say:\n\n> 寝ていなかった.\n\n*よつばと！Vol. 2 #11 p.7.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
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"title": "Meaning of 寝てない",
"view_count": 2415
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{
"body": "I think it's because it's describing a state that continues to the present\n(like present perfect in Enlish).\n\nor possibly a habit or condition that generally exists (\"aspect\").\n\nTo describe a condition that existed last week, one would say : 寝ていなかった\n\n* * *\n\nThe exact same question here: <http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/9196348.html>\n\n> 昨日寝てない？ (これはドラマからの台詞です。) . . . なぜ「昨日寝てなかった？」ではないのですか?\n>\n> 自分のことなら、「昨日寝てない」というのは普通の言い方です。\n>\n> (Past perfect?) -- ㋔過去に完了した動作を表す。 「少年使節一行はローマ教皇にも会っている」 「君はよく勉強しているなあ」\n\n* * *\n\n「君はよく勉強しているなあ」 . . . This last example is very helpful.\n\nTo say I'm not prepared (have not well prepared) for the test today, I can say\n\n「よく勉強してない」 or 「昨日 勉強してない」 or 「今日のテスト、勉強してない」\n\nSleeping is a kind of preparation.\n\n* * *\n\nTo sum up . . .\n\nFor 「昨日 寝てない」 there are a few different possible interpretations.\n\n 1. present perfect 「昨日から 寝てない」 \n\n 2. general condition, habit 「最近 よく寝てない」 \n\n 3. (past perfect?) or Experience\n\n3a. Preparation, e.g. for a test.\n\n「よく寝てない」 or 「昨日 寝てない」 or 「今日テストがあるのに、寝てない」\n\n* * *\n\nI'm still not sure if i understand Joe's comment (below) fully.\n\n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/170812/meaning/m0u/>\n>\n> ねる【寝る／×寐る】 .........\n>\n> １ 眠りにつく。寝床に入る。睡眠をとる。眠る。「ぐっすりねた」「ねる間も惜しんで働く」\n>\n> ２ 病気で床につく。寝込む。「風邪で二、三日ねていた」\n>\n> ３ からだを横たえる。また、そのような状態で休む。「ねながら本を読む」「大の字にねる」 ................\n\nSo 寝る means both \"to sleep\" 睡眠をとる。 and \"to fall asleep\" 眠りにつく。\n\n> 「寝る」と「眠る」の違い | 違いがわかる事典\n>\n> chigai-allguide.com/寝ると眠る/\n>\n>\n> 寝るは眠りにつくことを意味し、寝るも眠るも「睡眠」を表す言葉であるが、「立ったまま寝てしまった」というのは間違いで、「立ったまま眠ってしまった」というのが正しい。\n> 寝ると眠るの違いは何かといえば、重点の置かれるポイントで、対義語と合わせて考えると ...\n\n「立ったまま寝てしまった」 is perfectly fine, as in this example :\n\ndetail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp › › 健康、病気、病院 ---\n電車の中で立ったまま寝てしまった時に、窓ガラスやドアにガツン！とぶつけたり、つり革につかまったまま前に倒れそうになり危なかった覚えがありますが、本当に倒れてしまった方いますか？",
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"body": "寝てない is a very common contraction of 寝ていない, where there is a [subsidiary\nverb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18965/5010) いる. See [this\nchart](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010). To clarify, the\nsimple nai-form of 寝る is 寝ない, since 寝る is a vowel-stem (aka ichidan) verb.\n\nいる in this case is analogous to English _present perfect aspect_ (eg, \"have\nslept\"), which describes the continuation of some state (in your sentence,\nsleeplessness). See the discussion in this question: [When is Vている the\ncontinuation of action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)\n\nYou would probably say to someone who just woke up, using the past tense:\n\n> よく寝た? Did you sleep well?\n\nBut when you see someone who looks sleepy at work, something like this is more\nlikely to be heard:\n\n> 昨日あまり寝てないの? Haven't you slept well last night?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T06:12:47.693",
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| 38796 | 38834 | 38834 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I have to write a list of goals for this year for my Japanese class and one of\nthem is \"I shall bring glory to God in all things\" or something of similar\nmeaning.\n\nUsing my many Japanese grammar, conjugation, etc. workbooks and resources that\nmy teacher has equipped us with in past years, I came up with\n「私はすべてのことに神の栄光のためにすべきである。」\n\nFor those of you who are fluent in Japanese, is this the best way to translate\nmy thoughts?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-28T22:31:53.203",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"verbs",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Did I say \"I shall bring glory to God in all that I do.\" right?",
"view_count": 432
} | [
{
"body": "直訳調 「私はすべてのことを神に栄光をもたらすよう努力します。」\n\n意図を優先した訳 「私はすべてのことを神の栄光にかなうよう努力します。」\n\n（映画の字幕のように）英語のボキャブラリーを無視した訳 「私はすべての行為を、神の栄光を飾るべく努力します。」／\n「私はすべて、神の栄光の御名を汚さぬよう努力します。」\n\n最後の訳例は「名を惜しむ」文化、「恥の概念」を強く押し出してみました。\n『菊と刀』は古くさいですが、アニメの「金田一少年の事件簿」では「じっちゃんの名にかけて！」と今でも言っています。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-26T06:24:26.753",
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| 38797 | null | 41220 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38808",
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"body": "The following excerpt comes from this news article:\n<http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/11944976/>\n\n> 隣のビルとの隙間はそう危険なものではなかった中、彼の姿は一瞬にしてビルの谷間に消え、しかも地面を強打する衝撃音が発生することはなかったのだ。\n\nWhat is 中 doing here? Looks like it might mean \"although\" or something?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T00:04:02.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38799",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T22:37:42.620",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does 「中」 mean in 「そう危険なものではなかった中、彼の姿は。。。」",
"view_count": 390
} | [
{
"body": "This 中{なか} is used in indicating \"to remain one state\"\n\nGoo dictionary says\n\n> 物事が進行している最中。また、ある状態が続いているとき。「あらしの中を突き進む」「お忙しい中をありがとうございます」\n\nI translated 隣のビルとの隙間はそう危険なものではなかった中 as \"The interspace with next building\nremains little dangerous\" but there may be better one though.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-29T07:35:07.257",
"id": "38808",
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},
{
"body": "He didn't \"dive\", did he? . . . Eng. articles must have said \"jumped\" (and\nfell).\n\n( The article contains other errors or awkward passages. )\n\n> ペンシルベニア州ピッツバーグのオークランドで23日の午前2時ごろ、若い男性があるビルの屋上から若干低い隣のビルめがけてダイブし、大きな騒動となった。\n>\n> 隣のビルとの隙間はそう危険なものではなかった中、彼の姿は一瞬にしてビルの谷間に消え、しかも地面を強打する衝撃音が発生することはなかったのだ。\n\nThis is not correct or grammatical Jp prose.\n\nAs written, the meaning can't be determined.\n\nBut it could be fun to guess the intended meaning.\n\nMy guess:\n\n 1. 中 means \"into\" (the gap)\n\n 2. 中 means \"while\" <--- I think this is it. (So i'm agreeing with the deleted answer.)\n\n\"While the gap between the buildings was not clearly perilous, ...\"\n\n\"While he figured the gap to be not-so-dangerous (not too wide), his body\nvanished into the gap in an instant, and yet ... \"\n\n> While he thought the gap to be not so dangerous, his body vanished into the\n> gap in an instant, ---------->\n>\n> (Google translate) ---> 彼はギャップがそれほど危険ではないと考えているが、彼の体は一瞬で隙間に消え、",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-30T22:32:19.007",
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| 38799 | 38808 | 38808 |
{
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"body": "For example, if someone allows me to use their computer, I may say:\n\n> パソコンを使わせていただいてありがとうございます。\n\n(if that is incorrect, let me know!).\n\nBut in normal speech, how would you say it in everyday situations?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T02:44:44.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38801",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-08-30T19:37:21.260",
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"owner_user_id": "14258",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"keigo",
"causation"
],
"title": "How do you (not using keigo) thank someone for giving you permission to do something?",
"view_count": 266
} | [
{
"body": "Formal:\n\n> パソコン **を** 使わせて **いただいて** ありがとう **ございます** 。\n\nCasual:\n\n> パソコン使わせてくれてありがとう。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T02:47:40.327",
"id": "38802",
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"body": "Other examples:\n\n> パソコン貸してくれてありがとう。\n>\n> パソコン貸してもらってありがとう。\n>\n> パソコン、ありがとうね。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-30T16:43:06.730",
"id": "38848",
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{
"body": "If they give you permission after you had already asked, just use the\nappropriate form of ありがとう depending on who the person is to you. There is no\nneed to add anything extra. If they loaned you the computer then you could say\nthank you for lending me your computer, but you also could just give it back\nand say ありがとう again with a slight bow.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-08-30T23:49:10.917",
"id": "89132",
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| 38801 | null | 38802 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38805",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[NPR](http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/08/28/489787912/japans-\ncenturies-old-tradition-of-making-soba-noodles) has an article here.\n\nThe second audio named _Japan's Centuries-Old Tradition Of Making Soba\nNoodles_ where apparently the song translates as\n\n> Don't be mean to your daughter in law\n>\n> someday your daughter will marry and become a daughter in law herself",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T03:00:54.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38803",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What's the traditional song \"don't be mean to your daughter in law...\"",
"view_count": 107
} | [
{
"body": "The title is [東祖谷]{ひがしいや}の[粉曳]{こひ}き[唄]{うた}\n\nThe lyrics of the part sung in the audio in your link:\n\n> [嫁]{よめ}じゃ嫁じゃと 嫁のなしょたてなよ \n> かわい[我]{わ}が[子]{こ}も [人]{ひと}の嫁よ サーヨイヨイヨー\n>\n> [祖谷]{いや}と[言]{い}わずに また[来]{き}てたもれよ \n> [手打]{てう}ち そばなど しんぜやすョ サーヨイヨイヨー\n\nYou can find the lyrics of the whole song\n[here](http://minyou.jugem.jp/?eid=36).",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-29T03:36:43.097",
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| 38803 | 38805 | 38805 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38819",
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"body": "> : 昔{むかし}\n> 脚本{きゃくほん}にダメ出{だ}ししようとして「いきなり現場{げんば}に来るとは何事{なにごと}か帰れ二度と来るな」って怒鳴{どな}られた原作{げんさく}の話とか聞きたい？\n>\n> : なにその業界石{ぎょうかいいし}ころネタ!?\n\nI don't get what 石ころネタ means in this sentence. I've found an entry for a\nmeaning of 石ころ in a\n[thesaurus](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E7%9F%B3%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D)\nfor 誰からも気にかけられることがない、無価値{むかち}であるさま but it doesn't seem to match up to the\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-29T07:42:39.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38809",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-12T16:02:27.167",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 石ころネタ mean?",
"view_count": 367
} | [
{
"body": "It seems that 石ころネタ means like よくある話(common topic) in this sentence.\n\nYou can split this word \"石ころ(small stone)\" + \"ネタ(topic)\". No one think about\nthese small stones carefully, but you know these small stones exist\neverywhere.\n\nIf I say this sentence, I choose あるある話 because it is more easier to understand\nthan 石ころネタ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T11:56:12.510",
"id": "38815",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-29T11:56:12.510",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "石ころネタ is quite a new word, probably slang, to mean ありふれた話, どこにでもある話, \"a\ncommon, just an ordinary story\", \"the same old story\". I think 業界石ころネタ is like\n業界のありふれた話, \"a common story/anecdote in the world of show business\".\n\nWe commonly say 「そんなもの、そこらへんにごろごろあるよ / ごろごろしてるよ / ごろごろ転がってるよ」 to mean\nsomething is quite common and can be found everywhere, and often use\nexpressions like 「どこにでも転がっている話」「そこらへんにごろごろある話」 to mean ありふれた話. ごろごろ here means\nいくらでもあって、ありふれた存在であるさま。「世間にごろごろしている話」([デジタル大辞泉#5](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%94%E3%82%8D%E3%81%94%E3%82%8D-505549))\n\nAnd, the mimetic word ごろごろ and phrases ごろごろする, ごろごろ転がる (roll, roll over) etc.\nare commonly used to describe 石ころ (stone, rock), so I think people started to\nuse 石ころネタ to mean ごろごろある話, i.e. ありふれた話.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-29T14:32:05.670",
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| 38809 | 38819 | 38819 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38814",
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"body": "Maruko's sister has a new teacher. She is complaining that he is far too\nenthusiastic:\n\n> Sister quoting teacher:「『体をきたえたい者は、オレについてこいっ』なんて言っちゃって、グラウンドを走っちゃってるのよ」 \n> \"Follow me if you want to improve your bodies\" he said and ran off through\n> the school grounds. \n> Maruko:「わっはっは。夕陽の中を？」 \n> Towards the setting sun???? \n> Sister:「そう、夕陽の中を」 \n> That's right. Towards the setting sun. \n> ... \n> ... \n> Maruko:「ひとりで夕陽の中を走るバカってのもねぇ～」 \n> There's no idiot that would run towards the setting sun on their own. \n> ... (Dad says something about this being the definition of youth) \n> Maruko/sister:「だからって夕陽に向かって走ることないと思うけど」 \n> All the same, I don't think people face the setting sun and run.\n\nI fear that much of my translation is dodgy, but I'm really struggling with\n夕陽の中を. How should I translate this? Why would Maruko infer that this was\nhow/where he ran, and why is it surprising? Am I missing a cultural reference\nhere?\n\nIf you see any errors in the rest of my translation I'd be greatful if you\ncould point them out.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-29T09:31:49.390",
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"id": "38811",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"culture",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of 夕陽の中を",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "I think 「夕日に向かって」 is natural. グラウンド（校庭）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T10:00:51.480",
"id": "38812",
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{
"body": "～を走る has usually the meaning \"to run _through_ ~\". Now one might think \"How\ncan anyone run through the (setting) sun\"?\n\nAccording to\n[kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%95%E6%97%A5-547135#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89),\na proper definition for 夕陽 is \"夕方の太陽。 **また、その光。** \". So it can be either the\nevening sun itself, or the light from this sun. So the entire meaning of\n夕陽の中を走る becomes \"to run through (the middle of) the light of the setting sun\"\nor without any poetic nuances simply \"to run at nightfall\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-29T11:16:56.363",
"id": "38813",
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{
"body": "夕日に向かって走る is translated as \"run towards the setting sun\" and it implies\n熱い青春(hot blossom of youth). I think 夕日の中を走る means \"run in the light of the\nsetting sun\" and it can also imply 熱い青春.\n\nI think TV dramas of blossom of youth were popular in Maruko's childhood. In\nthese TV dramas, a dashing teacher often runs towards the setting sun while\nsaying \"夕日に向かって走ろう (Let's run towards the setting sun)\" to his students. So it\ncame to imply 熱い青春(hot blossom of youth).\n\nI think the sisters might be looking at their new teacher with a cold eye who\nwas affected by TV dramas like that.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-29T11:42:46.117",
"id": "38814",
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]
| 38811 | 38814 | 38814 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Can I use から and まで to express an age range? For example I want to say \"From\n10 years old to 15 years old... :\n\n> 十才から十五さいまでです。\n\nWould this make sense? If not is there other simpler or better ways of\nexpressing what I want to say?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T12:24:43.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38817",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-29T14:14:58.750",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17686",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "から and まで be used for age?",
"view_count": 119
} | [
{
"body": "It's correct. 10才から15才迄です。 or 10才以上15才以下です。(write horizontally)\n\n十才から十五才迄です。 or 十才以上十五才以下です。(write vertically)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T14:02:36.857",
"id": "38818",
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| 38817 | null | 38818 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38821",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have found this sentence `わしがすべて焼き尽くしちゃる`. I know that `焼き尽く` would imply\nburning something until exhaustion but I don't know what `ちゃる` is. By chance,\nis `ちゃる` just an alternate form of `ちまう` like `ちゃう`?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T14:36:45.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38820",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-29T14:53:18.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"verbs",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Does anyone know what ちゃる means?",
"view_count": 405
} | [
{
"body": "しちゃる is a part of Kyusyu dialect. It's same as してあげる。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T14:53:18.950",
"id": "38821",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-29T14:53:18.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17684",
"parent_id": "38820",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 38820 | 38821 | 38821 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38843",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ひとりで夕陽の中を走るバカってのもねぇ～ \n> Idiots who run alone towards the setting sun ...\n\nThe sentence seems to be lacking a verb. What is the function of ってのも and is\nthere an implied verb ending?\n\nI read [this link](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/33715/why-\nis-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AF-used-both-times-in-this-\nsentence) which matches my expectations on というのは to provide a defintion. I\ncan't extrapolate from that to the meaning of ってのも in this sentence。It also\nseems quite different to the use in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38580/understanding-%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82)\nthat I asked a while ago:",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T15:40:59.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38822",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T15:30:06.890",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of ってのも/というのも",
"view_count": 2978
} | [
{
"body": "～というのもね (and variants such as \"～っていうのもねぇ\", \"～ってのもな～\") at the end of a sentence\nis fairly common in speech. Such a sentence is usually euphemistically saying\n\"～というのも問題でしょう\", \"～というのもあまり良くない\", etc.\n\nLikewise, if you encounter a verb-lacking sentence like \"彼もねぇ……。\" or\n\"今回のオリンピックもなぁ……。\", you can usually assume something negative is implied.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T15:30:06.890",
"id": "38843",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T15:30:06.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "38822",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 38822 | 38843 | 38843 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38825",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So, I started learning Kanji recently, and was learning the character 大. Given\nas an example usage was 大丈夫, or daijoubu. I found this as odd since the idea\nof big doesn't seem to fit into the idea of \"Everything is ok\" or \"Safe\". Then\nI realized that the character 大 in chinese is pronounced \"Da\", and that gave\nme a hunch that possible the choice of characters was phonetic. I looked up\nthe whole phrase in chinese and found \"Dàzhàngfū\" to be the listed\npronunciation. So it looks like daijoubu may have been spelled based on the\nchinese pronunciation of the characters 大丈夫. Has anyone noticed this or have\nany sources that would support this theory?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T17:14:04.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38824",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T01:22:39.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"readings"
],
"title": "Is 大丈夫 possibly phonetic?",
"view_count": 615
} | [
{
"body": "The word 大丈夫 is not a phonetic transcription; its characters were chosen by\nmeaning, not by sound. However, it's a Chinese loanword; and, in Japanese, its\nmeaning has drifted from the original, so that the characters don't make much\nsense anymore (just like, in English, the meaning of Latin roots may not\nreflect a word's current sense; for example, \"transpire\" is Latin for \"to\nbreathe across\", not \"to take place\").\n\nIn Chinese, 丈夫 _zhàngfu_ meant \"man\", and 大丈夫 _dàzhàngfu_ , literally \"big\nman\", was a word for \"real man, true man; splendid man\". The word was imported\ninto Japanese, where its meaning gradually shifted to \"strong\", \"vigorous\",\n\"healthy\", and from that to the current usage. (The original meanings are\nstill listed in dictionaries, though they're now rare.)\n\nIn general, it's best to treat the kanji components of Japanese words (both\n_on-yomi_ , Chinese loans, and _kun-yomi_ , native words) as you would the\nLatin or Greek components of English words. They're generally useful to guess\nthe meaning of a word; but, often enough, the meaning of a word is more than\nthe sum of its parts, and sometimes the components can be downright\nmisleading.\n\nSources: [Gogen](http://gogen-allguide.com/ta/daijyoubu.html), Pleco PLC.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T17:29:35.083",
"id": "38825",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T01:22:39.360",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-30T01:22:39.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "38824",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "Hmm, I'll assume you're a beginner in Japanese/kanji. Yes, your theory is\ncorrect. As you may know, kanji have multiple ways of being read. The\n[訓読]{くん・よ}み are the readings based on Japanese. For example, the 訓読み for 大 is\n「おお」.\n\nYou've stumbled across the [音読]{おん・よ}み readings; those that specifically\ndeveloped from Chinese pronunciation. The 音読み for 大 can be 「たい」 or 「だい」. See\nmore at this [Wiktionary\narticle](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AA%AD%E3%81%BF).\n\nA big part of learning to read Japanese is learning which reading(s) a word\nhas. Sometimes pure 訓読み, sometimes pure 音読み, sometimes mixed, sometimes\nneither (see examples of\n[[熟字訓]{じゅく・じ・くん}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%9F%E5%AD%97%E8%A8%93#.E4.BE.8B)).\n\nFor example\n\n> * 悪口 → 訓読み： **わる・くち** 、 音読み： **あっ・こう**\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T17:30:54.970",
"id": "38826",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-29T17:39:00.953",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-29T17:39:00.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "38824",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 38824 | 38825 | 38825 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38829",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say:\n\n> The word 'foreigner' sounds a little impolite.\n\nThese are my attempts:\n\n> foreignerという言葉はちょっと無礼そうです。 \n> foreignerという言葉はちょっと無礼に見えます。 \n> foreignerという言葉はちょっと無礼に聞こえます。\n\nAre any of these correct? Should I prefer one form over another when I'm\ntalking about speech or writing?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T18:12:24.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38828",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-29T19:22:53.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say that a word sounds impolite",
"view_count": 246
} | [
{
"body": "I'd say the last one is the best, I'd probably use 失礼｛しつれい｝though.\n\n> 「Foreigner」という言葉はちょっと失礼に聞こえます。\n\nOther examples could be:\n\n「Foreigner」という言葉はちょっと失礼な響きがあると思います。\n\n「Foreigner」という言葉はちょっと失礼です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T19:22:53.533",
"id": "38829",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-29T19:22:53.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "38828",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 38828 | 38829 | 38829 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38832",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Why are counters (助数詞) necessary to describe the numerical quantity of objects\nin Japanese?\n\nI'm interested in the linguistic explanation specifically, but also curious as\nto how strict those who are fluent tend to be about it in colloquial\nconversation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T21:35:44.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38831",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T17:56:06.980",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-30T13:17:22.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "17469",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"counters",
"comparative-linguistics"
],
"title": "Why are counters necessary to describe the quantity of objects?",
"view_count": 892
} | [
{
"body": "Counters aren't necessary any more in Japanese than gendered nouns are in\nromance languages, e.g. _la_ vache vs. _le_ chat.\n\nEnglish has something extremely similar to counters called [Collective\nNouns](http://users.tinyonline.co.uk/gswithenbank/collnoun.htm). When you see\nseveral fish, you call it a \"school of fish\". You wouldn't say a \"school of\nwolves\", you'd say a \"pack of wolves\".\n\nAre these necessary? Anyone could just say a \"group of fish/wolves\", but it\nsimply wouldn't sound right to our ears. That's the same way it works in\nJapanese, to say 一枚のペン simply wouldn't sound right, even though you could\neasily say 一つのペン.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-29T23:41:46.723",
"id": "38832",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-29T23:41:46.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16049",
"parent_id": "38831",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "Adding to @bcioutier's great answer, it is somewhat wrong to assume there are\ncounters only in Japanese or there are no counters in English as @Eiríkr\nÚtlendi commented. I am not saying you are assuming so.\n\nEnglish uses a couple to indicate two. And there are a half a dozen to mean\nsix, a dozen for twelve, a score for 20, a gross (12 dozens) for 144, etc.\n\nThere are also special words for people using prefixes for each number.\n\n> Soloist, duet, trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet.\n\nYour question,\n\n> Why are counters (助数詞) necessary to describe the numerical quantity of\n> objects in Japanese?\n\nJapanese needs counters to describe quantity of objects, some are complicated,\nsome are not. But that's the way the language has evolved for thousands of\nyears as English has on its own way. If someone asks why English uses _duet_\nand _trio_ instead of just 'two people' and 'three people', you will answer\nbecause they have specific meaning to indicate the number of people in music\nor entertainment.\n\n> how strict those who are fluent tend to be about it in colloquial\n> conversation.\n\nIt will depend on each native speaker. There are some counters which are\nstrictly followed and some are not.\n\nFor more information, you can read the link on [Words for numbers in\nEnglish](http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/numbers/words/intro.htm) and [Japanese\ncounter word](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_counter_word).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T07:59:24.483",
"id": "38837",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T17:56:06.980",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-30T17:56:06.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "12259",
"owner_user_id": "12259",
"parent_id": "38831",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Counter words are not necessary, but many languages do use them. My favourite\ncounter in English for illustrative purposes is \"sheet(s)\", as in \"two sheets\nof paper\". With other counters like \"two _bottles_ of beer\", you can sometimes\nget away with \"two beers\", but \"two papers\" doesn't mean \"two sheets of paper\"\n(although it can now mean \"two publications\").\n\nWhile in English counter words\n(\"[classifiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier_\\(linguistics\\))\")\nare usually only used for [mass\nnouns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_nouns) (i.e. things where it is\nunclear what \"one [thing]\" is), in Japanese counting items/people/days/etc. is\n_always_ done using [Japanese counter\nwords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_counter_word). (One could say\nthat Japanese has no [count nouns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_noun),\nso that all nouns are mass nouns/non-count nouns.)\n\nThere is some level of flexibility in what counter to choose for which item.\nFor checking which counter to use, one can consult\n[数え方の辞典](https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/books/09505201), which gives explanatory\nnotes to each counter, e.g.\n\n> **かみ** 【紙】\n>\n> **枚【まい】、葉【よう】、本、ロール、巻き【まき】、片【ひら】、束【たば】**\n>\n>\n> 「葉【よう】」は葉【は】のように手に取ることができる程度の大きさで、折りたたまれていない紙を数える語です。FAX紙のようなひと巻きの紙は「本」「ロール」「巻き」で数えます。「片」はメモ用紙や紙切れ、紙吹雪などを数える語です。束ねたものは「束」で数えます。\n>\n> **帖【じょう】、締め【しめ】、連【れん】、丸【まる】**\n>\n>\n> 小売単位は「帖」を用います。半紙20枚、美濃紙【みのがみ】は48枚で「1帖」です。和紙2000枚を「ひと締め」、洋紙1000枚を「1連」といいます。「丸」は、和紙の取引単位です。\n\nJust like we have to use a counter for paper in English. Roughly corresponding\nto the above, we have\n\n> a **sheet** of paper, a **scrap** of paper, a **piece** of paper, a **roll**\n> of paper\n>\n> a **ream** of paper, one\n> [**quire**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Units_of_paper_quantity) of paper,\n> one **bale** of paper, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T09:10:36.057",
"id": "38838",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T13:14:07.677",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "38831",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 38831 | 38832 | 38832 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38842",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I want to state that a thing or multiple things have come to be in more\nthan one state, do I have to use ている more than once. For example:\n\n> お腹は太って大きくなっている\n>\n> その地域の空間が歪んで、魔界に繋がっている\n\nAre those lines correct? Or would 太って need to be written as 太っていて and 歪んで as\n歪んでいて? I would think it's fine to omit ていて but I just want to be sure.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T05:26:31.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38833",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T15:21:01.623",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11112",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"tense"
],
"title": "Multiple verbs in a sentence ending with ている",
"view_count": 243
} | [
{
"body": "In general, you don't need to repeat ている twice.\n\n> その地域の空間が歪んで、魔界に繋がっている\n\nThis looks perfect to me. You don't have to say 歪んでいて.\n\n> お腹は太って大きくなっている\n\nThis sounds a bit weird. To me お腹が太る and お腹が大きくなる seem almost the same, so I\ndon't get the point of saying both 太る and 大きくなる in this sentence.\n\nAnd what is the intended meaning of this sentence? Someone's is getting fatter\nand fatter (progressive)? Or someone's abdomen has become large (present\nperfective)? If you mean the latter, this sentence would make sense. If you\nmean the former, note that 太っている almost never means \"is getting fatter\"\n(progressive). If you need to say \"He is (currently) getting fatter and\nfatter\" using 太る, you have to say 彼はどんどん太って **いって** いる or 彼はどんどん太って **きて** いる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T15:21:01.623",
"id": "38842",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T15:21:01.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "38833",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 38833 | 38842 | 38842 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38836",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have encountered a sentence in a localized Nihongo book here in the\nPhilippines, and I think this expression is not for beginners.\n\nTranslate:\n\n> Are you looking into something interesting?\n>\n> あなたなにかおもしろい（？）をちょうさしますか。\n\nI am not confident that this is correct.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T07:34:44.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38835",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T13:36:02.020",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-30T13:36:02.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "12259",
"owner_user_id": "17669",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How to use ちょうさします？",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "This is more natural translation. あなたは何か面白い(or 興味深い)事を調査していますか？\n\nHow to use 調査する: あなたはトラブルの原因を調査しましたか？\n\nはい、調査しました。 いいえ、調査していません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T07:58:53.897",
"id": "38836",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T07:58:53.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17684",
"parent_id": "38835",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 38835 | 38836 | 38836 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am interested to know at least the beginning few lines of Hiragana in the\nattached print. It depicts Admiral Matthew Perry. The print is titled\n_Gasshukoku suishi teitoku kōjōgaki_ (Oral statement by the American Navy\nadmiral). It has been speculated that the text refers to the letter sent by US\nPresident Fillmore to \"the Japanese Emperor\" via Perry.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hoodO.jpg)\n(Image from the Library of Congress)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T14:10:36.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38839",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T17:28:25.353",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-30T17:28:25.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "17702",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"history",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Print with Admiral Matthew Perry flanked by officers",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "I found the text on\n[wikimedia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File_talk:Gasshukoku_suishi_teitoku_k%C5%8Dj%C5%8Dgaki_\\(Oral_statement_by_the_American_Navy_admiral\\).png):\n\n合衆国水師(すいし)提督(ていとく)口上ノ書\n\n合衆(がうしう)国海軍総督(そうとく)其(その)盟約(めいやく)を結(むす)ばん為に全権(せんけん)行事(じ)の/特命(とくめい)を承(う)け此海に来る〓〓〓〓国々賞官(しやうくわん)中の一員(いん)と/会合して受嘱の〓差(きんざし)書及ひ通信書牘(しよとく)を/捧けんと欲(ほつ)す此二牘(じとく)は即合衆国之伯理璽天(ぶれしてん)/徳より貴国殿下に呈す〓なり右の/差合は近一日を択(えら)いその礼を/約定せんことを願ふ\n\n村[=浦]賀港に於て書す\n\n北亜墨利加合衆国供和清治ハシントンノ大府国王/伯里璽天徳ノ命ヲ受ケヲレカン衆カリホルニヤノ大主外邦事務ノ宰相水師提督\n\n人名 マツテウセベルリ 四十九才\n\n予(よ)が貴国の\n\nIn the picture this is the text in the upper-right including the box in the\nmiddle.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T16:52:23.440",
"id": "38849",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T16:52:23.440",
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"owner_user_id": "11048",
"parent_id": "38839",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 38839 | null | 38849 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38841",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this as part of a larger sentence:\n\n> あのせんせい **って** そういう人らしいね。\n\nI am getting the gist of \"that teacher seems like a decent person\", but what\nis this って form noun construction? Is it just a contraction for an implied\nverb?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T14:43:51.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38840",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T17:46:49.833",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-30T17:46:49.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "12259",
"owner_user_id": "7378",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-って"
],
"title": "あのせんせいって: verb implied?",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "This って is simply a more colloquial form of the topic marker は.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T14:49:36.790",
"id": "38841",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 38840 | 38841 | 38841 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38846",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Different sources have given me different pronunciations.\n\nI figured it must mean \"Doujin aimed at males\", but if that's the case, from\nwhat I know, it should be written [男性向け同人]{だんせいむけどうじん}。 \nIs 男性向 an abbreviation, and still pronounced だんせいむけ, despite the け not being\nthere?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T16:10:18.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38845",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-08-31T10:16:00.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "12531",
"owner_user_id": "12531",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"readings",
"abbreviations",
"okurigana"
],
"title": "How is 向 pronounced in 男性向同人?",
"view_count": 679
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, 男性向 is a valid abbreviation, and still pronounced だんせいむけ. _Okurigana_ is\noften omitted, especially in longer compounds like 男性向同人.\n\nSimilar examples:\n\n * 受け付け = 受付け = 受付 = うけつけ (\"reception\")\n * 申し込み = 申込み = 申込 = もうしこみ (\"application\")\n * 打ち合わせ = 打合せ = うちあわせ (\"meeting\")\n\nOmission of okurigana is largely customary and happens in limited number of\nwords. Please don't try to omit okurigana freely.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T16:26:38.990",
"id": "38846",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-30T16:26:38.990",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "38845",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 38845 | 38846 | 38846 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38852",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading a book which is quite difficult for me. \nI attached a page in which a Japanese guy who is living in the USA is coming\nback from a trip.\n\nI have difficulties to really get the point of the whole conversation on this\npage. What exactly is the problem? \nThe Japanese guy thinks showing his passport is enough because he lives in the\nUS, but the immigration officer says he has to go through the immigration\ncheck. Starting from the sentence in the middle of the page 「向こうで出入国手続きをした」 I\nget lost. \nWhat is 向こう referring to here? The second sentence after this one the\nJapanese(?) asks why he wasn't told that(what?) before. This mention of Mexico\ndoesn't make much sense to me either.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4bjUR.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T20:46:38.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38851",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-29T00:37:36.627",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-29T00:37:36.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "2965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "「向こうで出入国手続きをした」",
"view_count": 121
} | [
{
"body": "(高山正之 『変見自在 偉人リンカーンは奴隷好き』 新潮社)\n\nThe US immigration officer said to the young Takayama that US residents (even\nthose like Takayama) should've skipped certain procedures, to simplify things\n(for the US immigration office).\n\n「向こうで出入国手続きをした」 == He (Takayama) did the entry & exit (immigration) procedures\nin Mexico.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-30T21:30:34.657",
"id": "38852",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "38851",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 38851 | 38852 | 38852 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "( I first learned about this Jp article (and \"diving\" incident) from [What\ndoes 「中」 mean in\n「そう危険なものではなかった中、彼の姿は。。。」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38799/what-\ndoes-%e4%b8%ad-mean-\nin-%e3%81%9d%e3%81%86%e5%8d%b1%e9%99%ba%e3%81%aa%e3%82%82%e3%81%ae%e3%81%a7%e3%81%af%e3%81%aa%e3%81%8b%e3%81%a3%e3%81%9f%e4%b8%ad-%e5%bd%bc%e3%81%ae%e5%a7%bf%e3%81%af)\n)\n\nThe following excerpt comes from this news article:\n<http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/11944976/>\n\n>\n> ビルからビルへダイナミックに飛び移る、そんなCGアクションシーンに強く憧れていたのであろうグラントさん。ピッツバーグ郊外のインディアナ・タウンシップの出身で大学ではコミュニケーション学と映画学を専攻していたそうだ。しかもグラントさんはこのニュースを報じた『ピッツバーグ・ポスト・ガゼット』紙・編集局次長の息子とのこと。これはまさに自虐ネタであるそうだ。\n\n 1. What is the intended meaning of this last sentence? これはまさに自虐ネタであるそうだ。\n\n 2. How would you write that intended meaning (or something like it) in good Jp prose?\n\nAlso, please list other errors or awkward passages (in the article).\n\n```\n\n ... 専攻していたそうだ。 <--- これも変だろ w\n \n```",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T00:51:02.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38854",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-01T14:23:23.607",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What is the intended meaning of this sentence? 「これはまさに自虐ネタであるそうだ。」 w",
"view_count": 400
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. これはまさに自虐ネタであるそうだ。\n>\n\n「自虐ネタ」is something like an embarrassing story that you might tell to jokingly\nput yourself down.\n\nI haven't read the whole article, but from this excerpt it sounds like グラントさん\nshould be pretty embarrassed by not knowing about some news because of his\nbackground in Movie CG and his father working at the newspaper that had the\nstory in it.\n\nSo you might translate the last sentence as something like, \"You can imagine\nwhat an embarrassing situation this would be for him.\"\n\n> 2. I'm not sure what you're asking, but maybe something like this?\n>\n\n「グラントさんにとってはきっと恥ずかしいことでしょう」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T03:44:02.457",
"id": "38858",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-31T12:19:12.520",
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]
| 38854 | null | 38858 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was asked to translate something and the sentence was\n\n> Wear like mirror surface is found in wide area where top, second, and oil\n> ring slide\n\nI translated it as:\n\n> トップとセコンドとオイルリング所に広い摩耗の鏡面が見える\n\nAfter I explained the English sentence to my Senpai, he then corrected it to\nbe:\n\n> 摩耗して鏡面のようになっている部分がトップとセコンドとオイルリングスライド所の広い 範囲である\n\nI know hes right and used more natural Japanese than I did but I want to know\nyour opinion. Was my sentence hard to understand that it had to be corrected?\n\nAnd what`s the difference between his and my sentence? Cause I still think my\nsentence is more understandable (too me anyway). How do I change my way of\nthinking so I can imitate his sentence structure more?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T01:29:06.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38855",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-29T00:34:02.090",
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"owner_user_id": "17703",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "\"Wear like mirror surface is found in wide area where top, second, and oil ring slide\"",
"view_count": 254
} | [
{
"body": "This sentence is about \"ring wear grooves of cylinders\" found in the middle of\n[this article](http://atvillustrated.com/content/engine-primer-4stroke-\nrebuild), right? I'm assuming \"slide\" at the end of the sentence is a\n**verb**. After some googling, I could not find a part called \"a ring slide\"\nin pistons.\n\nAnd is this native speaker an engineer who is good at English? His translation\ndoes not seem natural; actually your translation attempt looks even better to\nme.\n\nI would translate this as:\n\n> * トップリング、セカンドリング、オイルリングがすべる広い範囲に鏡面のような摩耗が見える。\n> *\n> トップ・セカンド・オイルの各リングが[摺動【しゅうどう】する](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%91%BA%E5%8B%95)広範な部位に鏡面【きょうめん】状【じょう】の摩耗が認められる。\n>\n\nThe second one should look more technical. Engines are beyond my scope of\nexpertise, and real experts may further improve this.\n\n * リング所 would mean nothing to me. Don't directly connect arbitrary nouns with 所. It simply does not work.\n * ×セコンド → セカンド\n * 摩耗の鏡面 makes little sense, but it would be taken as something like \"worn mirror surface\" as if you were talking about an actual mirror.\n * As this is a technical sentence, I chose technical-sounding words (広い → 広範な, 見える → 認められる, すべる → 摺動する). I'm not really familiar with the word 摺動, but many Japanese articles about pistons (like [this](http://www.riken.co.jp/pistonring/piston/topring.html)) seem to use this term.\n * 状 is another handy suffix which means \"-like\", \"-oid\", \"in the form of ～\". (e.g., 円盤状 = discoid, 棒状 = rod-like)\n * In the first example I explicitly said 「トップリング、セカンドリング、オイルリング」 to avoid any confusion. You can also say 「トップ・セカンド・オイルリング」 or 「トップ・セカンド・オイルの3つのリング」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T03:19:26.663",
"id": "38857",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 38855 | null | 38857 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38863",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "The following is copied verbatim from a JLPT prep book:\n\n> 将棋歴30年のベテランに、初心者の私が叶うべくもない\n\nI read it as,\n\n> A beginner as myself should be no match for a _shougi_ veteran with 30 years\n> of expertise.\n\nBut I would have expected かなう to be written as 敵う. Do I understand the\nsentence right or am I mistaken? Why かなう is written as 叶う?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T09:47:47.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38860",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T00:34:52.877",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-31T11:59:07.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How to understand 叶う here?",
"view_count": 1108
} | [
{
"body": "I agree that this かなう is almost always written as 敵う in kanji in _modern_\nJapanese. According to 大辞林:\n\n> ④（ **多く「敵う」と書く** ）対抗できるほどである。匹敵する。打ち消し表現を伴って用いる。 「二人でかかっても－・う相手ではない」\n> 〔「かなえる」に対する自動詞〕 → かなわない ・ かなわぬ\n\nHowever 適う, 叶う, and 敵う [share the same base meaning (\"to\nmatch\")](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/26257/5010), and the kanji\nchoice was differentiated and standardized relatively recently. So I would say\nit's very close to an error by today's standards, but it's not entirely an\nerror. I somehow feel 叶 most retains the base meaning of かなう (also see the\nexample in the link), so I wouldn't be too surprised if some novelists\nintentionally chose to use 叶う in this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T10:05:34.623",
"id": "38861",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
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{
"body": "I agree with @chocolate's comment that says it is a serious mistake as\n[叶う](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%8F%B6%E3%81%86) usually means to match when\nit is written in kana as the Jisho link indicates:\n\n> to match (implies competition); to rival; to bear (e.g. I can't bear the\n> heat) Usually written **using kana alone** , esp. 敵う, usu. with neg. verb\n\nI think your sentence could be better translated to\n\n> A beginner as myself cannot possibly be a match for a veteran with 30 years\n> of experience in Shogi (Japanese chess).\n\nor\n\n> I, a beginner as myself, cannot even think about competing with a veteran\n> with 30 years of experience in Shogi.\n\n[[歴]{れき}](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%AD%B4) usually implies experience or\nhistory. It doesn't necessarily mean _expertise_.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T11:41:56.963",
"id": "38863",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-31T12:21:26.683",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-31T12:21:26.683",
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"owner_user_id": "12259",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Let's talk about 同訓異字： words with the same _kun_ reading but different kanji\northographies.\n\nAs an advanced student, you undoubtedly have learned that the choice of kanji\ncan select different nuances of the same word. It's important to choose the\nproper kanji for each context, right? But look at @naruto's quote of the\n_Daijirin:_\n\n> （多く「敵う」と書く）\n\nIndeed, if we consult such an important reference as the _Kōjien_ , look at\nhow it formats its entries:\n\n> かな・う【適う・叶う】カナフ\n>\n> ① ちょうどよくあう。[…]\n>\n> ② 望みどおりになる。[…]\n>\n> ③ (「敵う」とも書く) 匹敵する。及ぶ。[…]\n\nAre you getting the implication here? _The header unifies_ 適う _and_ 叶う _under\nthe same entry_. What's more, sense ③ is shared with 敵う; and furthermore,\nthere's no separate entry for 敵う. This is the only place you'll find 敵う in the\nfriggin' _Kōjien_. To put it in another way, _Kōjien_ does **not** think of\nwords this way:\n\n * 適う: sense ①, \"to be suited\"\n * 叶う: sense ②, \"to come true\"\n * 敵う: sense ③, \"to rival\"\n\nInstead, it thinks of words this way:\n\n * かなう, also written 叶う or 適う: \n * sense ①: \"to be suited\"\n * sense ②: \"to come true\"\n * (also written 敵う) sense ③: \"to rival\"\n\nImportantly, the top-level classifier is the kana reading, not the kanji\northography. Notice that, according to the _Kōjien_ , all of かなう／叶う／適う can be\nused for all three senses in any combination; while 敵う alone is restricted,\nand only used for sense ③.\n\n* * *\n\nThere's a difference between what the dictionary says, and how people actually\nuse kanji. Is it the case that 叶う is used in senses ①, ③ (to be suited; to\nrival) in modern Japanese?\n\nAn easy source of modern Japanese is twitter:\n\n> • 弱さで俺に叶う奴はいない！\n>\n> • あの存在感に叶う奴はそうはいない\n>\n> • #arslan おまえらに叶う相手じゃないよ(｀・ω・´)\n>\n> • ほのかの笑顔に叶う奴はいない\n>\n> • お前が叶う相手じゃ無いんだから\n\nThere's plenty more, so 叶う in senses ①, ③ is quite alive. Judging from a few\nmore searches, 敵う is almost always sense ③ (to rival), and 叶う is **usually**\nsense ② (to come true), but not necessarily. _Kōjien_ is correct, even for\nbleeding-edge Japanese.\n\n* * *\n\nLet's think about this phenomenon from another angle. The English language, as\nyou know, doesn't distinguish _oyu_ from _mizu_. Somehow they get by by\ncalling both \"water\" (when the distinction is needed, they might qualify it as\n\"hot water\" or \"cold\", but often it's just unspecified). Imagine translating\nan English cookbook to Japanese: for every occurrence of the word \"water\", you\nhave to decide whether it's _oyu_ or _mizu_ , and select the adequate\ntranslation in context.\n\nFor a long time, the Japanese wrote in Chinese ( _kanbun_ ). Indeed, they\nwrote in Chinese before even writing in Japanese. This fact had a huge impact\nin what Japanese writing is like. Originally you have only one Japanese verb,\n_kanau_ , with the three different senses. But, in early Japan, if you wanted\nto write this word down, you'd have to translate it to Chinese _kanbun_ first.\nAnd, like \"water\", there are several translations to choose. 敵 _dí_ is \"to\nrival\", sense ③; 適 _shì_ is \"to be appropriate\" ①, and also works for \"to\narrive at\" → \"to come true\" ②. (As for 叶, its original meaning is _yè/xié_ \"to\nharmonize, to unite\"; I think its Japanese uses are later extensions.)\n\nEventually they started using kanji to write Japanese, not just Chinese. By\nreversing the translation process, you get an orthographic rule: when writing\n_kanau_ , use 敵 if you mean \"to rival\", or 適 if you mean \"to be suited for; to\narrive at\". So a word that originally has many meanings may have each meaning\nclarified by the choice of kanji (cf. あう → 会う、合う、遭う etc.).\n\nThis is a pretty neat trick, allowing greater clarity in writing. However, you\nshould not lose sight of the fact that, in speech as well as historically,\nthese are still merely nuances of the same word; because the orthographic\nkanji distinctions won't always be followed to the letter. You should still\nlearn the dictionary recommendations so that you can write \"properly\" (not to\nmention pass the JLPT and other exams); but, at the same time, be prepared to\nfind a lot of variance in the real world.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T13:25:27.097",
"id": "38865",
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{
"body": "\"叶う（適う）\" and \"敵う\" are pronounced same, but are very different in meaning, as\nyou understand.\n\n\"叶う\" means _to match, meet, satisfy the requirement and conditions_ , as in\n\"夢が叶う - the dream comes true,\" \"条件に適った家 - the house that meets my\nrequirement,\" while \"敵う\" means _to rival, vie with_ , as in\n\"奴さんはとてもお前が敵う相手ではない - He isn't a guy that you can beat.\"\n\nIn your quote - 初心者の私が叶うべくもない, \"叶うべくもない\" is mixing up the usage of \"敵う\" and\n\"叶う.\" It's a typo, which should be written as \"敵う.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T00:20:14.507",
"id": "38894",
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}
]
| 38860 | 38863 | 38861 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38867",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "If I'm right, all these forms modifies verbs , but when you look for them in\njapanese verbal tenses you dont find them. Why do they treat them differently\nto verbal tenses if japanese verbal tenses not only express time when an\naction happens, but also other things such as command, desire, etc. Are there\nmore of these forms which arent listed as japanese verbal tenses?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T13:20:46.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38864",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "why たい , たくない , ながら, etc arent considered verbal tenses?",
"view_count": 556
} | [
{
"body": "Because they aren't technically a verb form, most likely. Think about how they\nconjugate: ~たい is more like an \"i-adjective\" (whose negative form is ~たくない).\nAlso, all the words you listed must be preceded by the masu-stem form (which\noften changes the word to a noun or other part of speech)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-31T13:52:35.953",
"id": "38866",
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"body": "The word [\"tense\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense) refers\nspecifically to grammatical time (past, future etc.) _-tai_ is not about time,\nso it's not a tense.\n\nBut I think what you mean is verbal \"conjugation\" or \"inflection\": the various\nforms a verb may take. Why isn't _-taku_ an inflection? Well, what counts as\n\"inflection\" and what counts as a \"verbal suffix\" or \"auxiliary\" is kind of\narbitrary, and depends on the grammar. I don't know which grammar are you\nusing, so I don't know what are their criteria.\n\nI'll use Japanese \"school grammar\" (the kind they teach to high-school kids)\nas an example. In Japanese school grammar, a verb has five basic inflections\n(活用形{かつようけい}), clearly visible by their different vowels in verbs like 書く:\n\n * 書か\n * 書き\n * 書く\n * 書け\n * 書こ\n\nWhy isn't _kakitai_ considered an inflection? Because they reserve the world\n“inflection” (活用形) to mean those five basic forms, from which you can't escape\n(you have to choose one of them every time you use a verb). Things like _-tai_\nare called \"verbal auxiliares\" (or \"auxiliary verbs\"; 助動詞{じょどうし}), and each\nauxiliary selects one of the inflections above; for example, _-tai_ wants the\n_i_ -inflection ( _kak **i** -tai_), while _-nai_ prefers the _a_ -inflection\n( _kak **a** -nai_). Here's one example of each:\n\n * **書か** -ない (not write)\n * **書き** -たい (want to write)\n * **書く** -べき (must write)\n * **書け** -ば (if write)\n * **書こ** -う (let's write)\n\nCompared to inflections (活用形), auxiliaries (助動詞) are optional, and there's a\nlot of them. For example, auxiliares using the _-i_ inflection, besides _-tai_\n, include the following:\n\n * 書きたい \"to want to write\"\n * 書きます \"to write\" (polite)\n * 書きながら \"while writing\"\n * お書きする \"to write\" (humble)\n * お書きになる \"to write\" (honorific)\n * 書きけり \"wrote!\" (classical form)\n * 書きぬ \"finished writing\" (classical form)\n * …\n\nUnderlying all of them is the same basic 書き form; so it makes sense to have a\nseparate name (\"inflection\") for the basic forms, and another (\"auxiliaries\")\nfor the added-on plugins. The grammar you're using probably follows a similar\nrationale.\n\n(A note for completeness' sake: some of the added-on suffixes may have their\nown inflections (書き **たい** 、書き **たかっ** た、書き **たく** ない；書か **ない** 、書か **なかっ**\nた、書か **なく** もない, …). Others, like ば in 書けば or ながら in 書きながら, never change (that\nis, they don't inflect). In school grammar, the latter are called 助詞{じょし}\n(usually translated as \"particles\"). But these verbal 助詞 otherwise work just\nlike 助動詞, in that they're tacked on to the basic inflections.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-31T14:01:42.127",
"id": "38867",
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{
"body": "In this formula:\n\n> (1) Vstem-causitive-passive-aspect-desiderative-NEG-tense\n\nたい == desiderative\n\nたくない == desiderative-NEG\n\nながら == aspect ?\n\ndesiderative === (in Latin and other inflected languages) denoting a verb\nformed from another and expressing a desire to do the act denoted by the root\nverb (such as Latin esurire ‘want to eat,’ from edere ‘eat’).\n\nPlease see: [Long & complicated verb forms? ( Vstem-causitive-passive-aspect-\ndesiderative-NEG-tense ) 行かせられ続け得たくなかった\n(?)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38745/long-complicated-verb-\nforms-vstem-causitive-passive-aspect-desiderative-neg)\n\nMany of the Jp-related posts in the [Lingustics] SE are very advanced.\n\nFor example ----\n\n> <https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/2319/what-is-the-maximum-\n> number-of-forms-a-modern-japanese-verb-can-take>\n>\n> (1) Vstem-causitive-passive-aspect-desiderative-NEG-tense\n>\n> All the possibilities are not, of course, exploited in each expression, but\n> the following illustrates some of the lengthy but commonly observed forms:\n>\n> • 行かせられない 'go'-CAUS-POTEN-NEG-PRES\n>\n> • 行かせられたくない 'go'-CAUS-PASS-DESI-NEG-PRES\n>\n> • 歩かせ続けたい 'walk'-CAUS-CONT-DESI-PRES",
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| 38864 | 38867 | 38867 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38873",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 実は全く手段が無いこともないのですが、それがあなたのためになるとは俺には到底思えません\n\nCan someone explain 無いこともないのですが? It's a double denial from what I can tell. So\ndoes it become this:\n\n> Actually it's not like there's no method at all, however I cannot possibly\n> think that it will be useful to you",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T14:09:34.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38869",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-04T17:15:44.550",
"last_edit_date": "2022-04-04T17:15:44.550",
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"negation"
],
"title": "Can someone help with this sentence involving double denial? 無いこともないのですが",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "Yup!\n\nThe double negatives cancel to make it affirmative. It does show the writers\nhesitation in telling the listener about them or to use the method at all.\n\n手段が無いことないですが --> 手段がある",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-31T16:44:50.550",
"id": "38873",
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| 38869 | 38873 | 38873 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38872",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Below is an example I found from Internet.\n\n途中で渋滞に巻き込まれてしまたのです。 (The meaning I guess : \"The reason is, along the way, I\nwas stuck in a traffic jam\")\n\nBut from \"巻き込まれてしまた\" I could not figure out what kind of conjugation was\napplied to the verb 巻き込む.\n\nAny one please help.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T14:24:12.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38870",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-31T14:54:44.680",
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"owner_user_id": "17481",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What type of verb conjugation is this 巻き込まれてしまた",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "I would rather see: _got_ instead of _was_ in your translation because of しまった\n(which is written for whatever reason without っ).\n\nThe conjugation at hand is:\n\n> 巻き込む ＋ れる（passive) ＋ てしまう (end up) ＋ た (past)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-31T14:34:41.103",
"id": "38872",
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| 38870 | 38872 | 38872 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to ask someone (who is older than me) to show me how to wear a Yukata.\nI'm just not sure how to say it - slightly beyond my level.\n\n> 先週私は浴衣を買いました。 \n> Can you please show me how to wear it?\n\nWould it be something like this construction:\n\n見せてくださいませんか。\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T14:34:14.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38871",
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"owner_user_id": "17709",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Expressing \"show me how to ~\"",
"view_count": 1560
} | [
{
"body": "For \"(Can you) please show me how to wear it(=Yukata)\", you could say:\n\n> * (浴衣の*) [着方]{きかた}を[教]{おし}えてください。 \n> Please show/tell me how to wear it (a Yukata).\n> * (浴衣の*) 着方を教えてくれませんか。 \n> Can you show/tell me how to wear it (a Yukata)?\n> * (浴衣の*) 着方を教えていただけませんか / 教えてくださいませんか。 \n> politer; Could you please show/tell me how to wear it (a Yukata)?\n>\n\n(*「浴衣の」 can be left out in your context.)\n\nUse the verb 教える for \"show\" in the sense of \"explain / give instructions\". \n(見せる is more like \"show\" in the sense of \"to cause/allow something to be\nphysically seen\".)\n\nAlternatively, you could say:\n\n> * どうやって(浴衣を*)[着]{き}る(の)か、教えていただけませんか / くださいませんか。 \n> Could you please show/tell me how I wear (a Yukata)? \n>\n> * どうやって(浴衣を*)着ればいいか、教えていただけませんか / くださいませんか。 \n> Could you please show/tell me how I should wear (a Yukata)?\n>\n\n(*「浴衣を」 can be left out in your context.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-04T04:52:30.430",
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| 38871 | null | 38944 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38876",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm ordering some wall-size prints of me and my dog Zuko (instagram\n@zukoandspock) and would like his name on it in Japanese characters.\n\nCan someone provide me examples of writing this name out in Man'yōgana? Is\nthere an easy way to make my own variations?\n\nIPA (English): [[zuːkoʊ]] (IPA from key\n[here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English))\n\n_Edit_. Made question non-opinion based, specifically about Man'yōgana and\nvariations.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-31T19:04:59.627",
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"id": "38875",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-01T22:17:15.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "17712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"names",
"manyōgana"
],
"title": "How would I write the name Zuko in Japanese",
"view_count": 916
} | [
{
"body": "Stress on the 1st syllable ?\n\ni guess . . . 4 moras in Japanese ? . . . maybe 3 or even 2.\n\n * ズーコー\n\n * ズーコ\n\n * ズコ\n\nズーコ sounds like a nickname for a girl (could be male, as in ジーコ ) === ジーコ\n(Zico) ことアルトゥール・アントゥネス・コインブラ（Arthur Antunes Coimbra、ポルトガル語発音: [aʁˈtuʁ ɐ̃ˈtũnis\nkoˈĩbɾɐ]、1953年3月3日 - ）は、ブラジル出身の元サッカー選手、現サッカー指導者。 愛称である「Zico」は「やせっぽち」の意味で、より\n...\n\n* * *\n\nIf you want to use Man'yogana or something like it, the possiblities are\nendless.\n\n( キラキラネーム\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0>\n)\n\n~~But you've come to the right place. (!) There'd soon be several other people\nwho will be offering suggestions and great insight.~~\n\nBoy! Was I wrong ! ! ! w w w (I'm still new to this forum.) I'll tell you of\nother (better, friendlier) places to ask, ... maybe tomorrow, unless you need\nit now. Maybe you could try Chinese.SE -- seemed less draconian there, last\ntime i checked.\n\nFrom <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana>\n\n> Zu == 受 授 殊 儒\n>\n> U == 宇羽于有卯烏得\n>\n> Ko == 古姑枯故侯孤児粉 / 己巨去居忌許虚興木\n\nMany scholars believe that Old Japanese had two different O vowels, o1 and o2.\n( <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Japanese#Vowels> ........ o2 (ə), and the\nfour secondary (less common) vowels i2 (ï/iy), e1 (e/ye), e2 (ë/ey), o1\n(o/wo). )\n\nMy (almost random) pick for ズーコ from the above is: 殊烏子 (if Zuko is female)\n(Ok, it works for males too -- as in Confucius)\n\nI picked 烏 (crow) after the Chinese folk notion (or folk wisdom) of 孝鸟 or\n鸦有反哺之孝.\n\n* * *\n\n塗香（ずこう）とは、仏像や修行者の身体に香を塗って、けがれを除くこと。また、その香。仏に捧げる六種の供物の一種。\n数種の香木を混ぜて粉末にし、粉末のまま乾燥したものと、浄水と混ぜ練香としたものがある。一般には粉末にした、抹香状の薄茶色の香を ...\n\n図工 === 図画工作（ずがこうさく、英語: Arts and\nCrafts）は、日本の初等教育における教科の1つ。中学校・高等学校の美術・技術に相当する。略して図工（ずこう）ともいう。\n\nwww.sputnikmusic.com/bands/Zooco/67998 -- Zooco is a Japanese R&B singer,\nfirst becoming known as the vocalist of Escalators, before going on to join\nSoul Lovers. When Soul Lovers disbanded in 2002, Zooco ... ------------ Maybe\nher real name is Kazuko (or Shizuko ...) and Anglophones would call her [ka-\nZOO-koh] ...",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T19:47:59.557",
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| 38875 | 38876 | 38876 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38878",
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"body": "From the dictionary it seems \"付加的\" means \"additive\".\n\nHowever, in the below conversation, I can't see how it fits. It seem to be\nused for something else.\n\n```\n\n 「たとえば私が余命幾許もない身であるとしたら」\n 「嫌な仮定がきた」\n 「私の書く本も、私の口にする言葉も、付加的な意味をもってとらえられることになるでしょう？」\n 「おそらくはそうだろうね」\n \n```\n\nCan someone please help me understand what this means here?\n\nDoes it mean he is thinking he will somehow be implicated in causing her\ndeath? Or that he will die himself soon? (The first line is the girl, the\nsecond is the guy).\n\nYou can see the entire context [here](http://ncode.syosetu.com/n6819cy/6/)",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-31T20:32:41.153",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Usage of 付加的な意味 in a sentence",
"view_count": 359
} | [
{
"body": "“ _Suppose_ (たとえば…としたら) I was in a terminal state, with little time left\n(余命幾許もない身). Then, whatever I said or wrote _would be treated_ (とらえられる) as if\nit _held additional meaning_ （付加的な意味をもって）, wouldn't it?”\n\nShe's asserting that people ascribe special/extraneous significance to the\nwords of those near death. That example supports her conclusion that\n今のこの時代、本は作者と近すぎる—these days, books are too close to authors.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T20:58:57.223",
"id": "38878",
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{
"body": "付加的 means “additive,” as you understand, and “additional,” “supplemental,” or\n“extra.”\n\nI would translate the given quote as follows:\n\n“Suppose my days are numbered.”\n\n“It’s a horrible assumption.”\n\n“My books and my words I speak would be interpreted with an extra nuance.”\n\n“Perhaps, I think so.”\n\nHere 付加的 means “additional or “extra” (imprecations) than the author\noriginally intended.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 38877 | 38878 | 38878 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38882",
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"body": "I have three questions about the following sentnece, all regarding particles:\n\n友達のおかげで、映画をただで見られた。\n\nWhy the の particle works as \"to\" here?\n\nWhy the を particle instead of は？isnt ただ setting like and adjective to say the\nmovie is free?\n\nAnd the last で, just to be sure I'm getting it right, it's meaning that the\naction to watch takes place on the movie or not?\n\nRegarding the first で I understand it is about the compound sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-31T21:25:30.940",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Using を particle with ただ",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "1. Xのおかげ is literally 'virtue _of_ X' or 'thanks _to_ X'. So の doesn't have to be working as \"to\". \n 2. ただで is a single word, used as an adverb, meaning 'with no reason or cost'. If you take it out of the sentence, it'd be more clear why you're seeing を particle. \n\n> 映画を見られた。\n\n 3. I don't think the first で makes the sentence compound, as the entire first half is more like an adverbial here. You might want to see it works like the preposition \"by\" in English, as in the following: \n\n> これで, 終りだ。 (By this, it's all done.)",
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},
{
"body": "# 1.\n\nの **doesn't** work as \"to\" here. Instead, Xのおかげで **translates** as \"thanks to\nX\". What's the difference? It's that English and Japanese express the idea of\nattribution differently. In English, you talk as if you were expressing\nthanks, and this gratitude is directed \"to\" the person responsible.\n\nWhat about Japanese? _Kage_ originally means \"shadow\". At first, it was used\nlike this in a religious context, where it refereed to the influence or\nprotection of a god or spirit ([source](http://gogen-\nallguide.com/o/okagesama.html)). That's why it always comes with an _o-_\nhonorific. With time, the word lost the religious overtones, and just became a\nway of saying \"help, patronage, effort\". So 友達のおかげ means \"friend's help\",\n\"friend's patronage\", \"friend's efforts\".\n\nThe first で isn't about connecting sentences. It's the で that indicate how, in\nwhat way, by what means: it was _through/via_ (で) _his friend's\neffort/patronage/help_ (友達のお陰) that he could see the movie.\n\nおかげで is a set pattern, and you can think of the whole thing as an equivalent\nto English \"thanks to\".\n\n# 2.\n\nを is the normal particle in this case. The が particle marks the subject of the\nverb (who does the action), and を marks the object (what undergoes the\naction). If I eat the apple, I am doing the eating, and the apple is the thing\nbeing eaten: 私 **が** りんご **を** 食べる。\n\nThe verb here is 見られる: to be able to see. What was it that he was able to see?\nThe movie. The movie is the object, so it's marked by を.\n\nBut what about は, you say? Well, は is a tricky particle; it marks the _topic_\n, that is, what you want to talk about.\n\n * おばさんは、 As for my aunt… (she's gone / I hate her / etc.)\n * りんごは、 As for apples… (they're cheap today / they give me allergies / etc.)\n\nThe topic can be the subject, and in this case は **overwrites** the particle\nが:\n\n * 私 **が** 映画を見た。 I saw the movie.\n * 私 **は** 映画を見た。 As for me, (I) saw a movie. (I don't know about you guys, but _as for me_ , I watched a movie.)\n\nThe topic can be the object, and in this case は overwrites the を:\n\n * 映画 **は** 私が見た。 As for the movie, I saw (it). (I haven't read the book yet, but as for the movie, I saw it.)\n\nThe topic can be other things too, neither subject nor object:\n\n * 私はピザだ。 As for me, it's pizza. (Betty's having pasta, Veronica's having salad, and as for me, I'm going with pizza tonight.)\n\nWhy を instead of は in your example? Because 映画 is the object of 見られた, and it's\nnot the topic.\n\n# 3.\n\nで here also means in what way, in what manner; it ties to ただ \"free of cost\".\nBasically ただで translates to English \"for free\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-31T22:12:55.303",
"id": "38882",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 38879 | 38882 | 38882 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38884",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Based on the text below, apparently there is a special type of table in some\nJapanese restaurants made for eating Katsudon.\n\n```\n\n どうしてレストランのテーブルにデスクランプがあるんだろう。\n デスクランプのあるテーブルを挟んで座るって、なんだか取調室を連想させる。カツ丼専用席だろうか。\n \n```\n\nBut why would tables for eating Katsudon have a light in the middle? Why would\nyou want to lighten up just Katuson and not other foods?\n\nI did some online searches and can't seem to figure out what the reason for\nthis is.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-01T02:27:05.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38883",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T02:59:14.337",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-01T04:41:27.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"culture",
"food"
],
"title": "Special Katsudon table with a light?",
"view_count": 695
} | [
{
"body": "「デスクランプのあるテーブルを挟んで座る」(Sitting face to face at a table/desk with a desk light\non it) reminds us of 警察の取り調べ室 (police interrogation room), which is often\ndepicted in fiction like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1WX7G.jpg)\n\nAnd 取り調べ室 often conjures up a stereotyped image of serving かつ丼 to the suspect:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Yis7U.jpg)\n\nThis is because this situation is (or rather, used to be) often seen in police\ndramas on TV.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rCQzE.jpg)\n\nIn the real world, however, かつ丼 is never served in a police interrogation\nroom.\n\n参考: [Wikipedia 「カツ丼 --\n刑事ドラマ」](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%84%E4%B8%BC#.E5.88.91.E4.BA.8B.E3.83.89.E3.83.A9.E3.83.9E)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-01T03:44:20.727",
"id": "38884",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 38883 | 38884 | 38884 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38887",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 古代ギリシャの哲学が、すでに自由市民に委ねられた真理の探究という、純粋に知的な営為だったのであり、その伝統の先端に科学も存在したからである\n\n委ねられた人は誰？\n\nI wonder if it means Greek philosophy was entrusted to/by public (?)\n\n> この雑誌は多くの人に購読されています \n> This magazine is read by many people.\n\n多くの人に=the one with に attached always become the subject right and its mean\nby..\n\nAnd how do I translate this sentence easily? should I start with the last\nword?\n\n> Philosophy of ancient Greece only pure intellectual conduct that was called\n> as the research of truth that entrusted to freeman.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-01T03:47:35.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38885",
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"owner_user_id": "15896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "古代ギリシャの哲学が、すでに自由市民に委ねられた真理の探究という、純粋に知的な営為だったのであり、その伝統の先端に科学も存在したからである",
"view_count": 359
} | [
{
"body": "Rather than \"entrust\", I think that a translation that fits better 委ねる in this\ncase is \"to devote oneself\".\n\nI think that you are quite there with your translation. Maybe would sound a\nbit better in this way:\n\n_In ancient Greece, philosophy, that is the research for the truth to which\nfreemen devoted themselves, was purely an intellectual occupation_ [...].\n\nIt is true that 委ねられた is passive in this case, but I think that if instead you\nrender that in English in an active way (preserving the original meaning of\ncourse) it sounds better and easier to understand. After all, you can say \"I\nwear a t-shirt\" and \"the t-shirt is worn by me\". Grammar (subject etc) is\nobviously different but the meaning is the same.\n\nAbout how to translate, I think that that's the most interesting question\nhere.\n\nI will try to explain how I do. And please notice that this is just my way,\nnot necessarily the best.\n\nSo, personally I always try to identify subject and verb first (maybe\nincluding some simple adjectives), and leave everything that is \"color\" for\nlater.\n\nIn this case for example I look at: (古代ギリシャの)哲学が and then at 知的な営為だった.\n\nSo my first translation is: Philosophy (in ancient Greece), was an\nintellectual occupation.\n\nFine, makes sense so far. Then I add adverbs and other simple things. So I\nwould look at it like: 古代ギリシャの哲学が、純粋に知的な営為だった.\n\nOk, so it was a purely intellectual business.\n\nFinally I look at all that comes in the middle (that sometimes in Japanese is\na lot, and very easily misleading).\n\nSo I take 自由市民に委ねられた真理の探究という. At this point I already identified that the main\ntopic is philosophy. So I guess that that という is describing how we are\ndefining philosophy in ancient Greece. 真理の探究 comes before という so we are\ntalking of philosophy as the research of the truth.\n\nThere is only 自由市民に委ねられた left out, and at this point this obviously is there\nto explain who is involved (devoted/entrusted) with the research of the truth:\nthe freemen.\n\nAfter I broke everything down this way I look back at it and see if it makes\nsense as a whole using the following order:\n\n> 1. 哲学が\n>\n> 2. 哲学が知的な営為だった...\n>\n> 3. 古代ギリシャの哲学が粋に知的な営為だった\n>\n>\n\nThen look at what I called \"the colors\" above, trying to put them in a way\nthat makes understanding easier. For example:\n\n> 4*. 哲学という真理の探究が、\n>\n> 5*. 哲学という自由市民に委ねられた真理の探究が,\n\nAnd finally put all together. At this point the translation should follow\nnaturally and it's a matter of picking the right words (for example for 委ねる)\n\n> 6. 古代ギリシャの哲学が, 自由市民に委ねられた真理の探究という, 純粋に知的な営為だった.\n>\n\n...Now it would be very funny if after all this trouble it turns out that my\ntranslation is wrong! :D\n\nEDIT: I think there was no すでに at the time of my answer. Maybe that comes from\na later edit in the question. Anyway, it doesn't really change much everything\nI said above.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-01T05:14:58.580",
"id": "38886",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-01T07:53:50.007",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-01T07:53:50.007",
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"owner_user_id": "14205",
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},
{
"body": "I would read it as \"entrusted **to** freemen\".\n\n> 古代ギリシャの哲学が、すでに自由市民に委ねられた真理の探究という、純粋に知的な営為だったのであり・・・\n\nI read it this way:\n\n * 古代ギリシャの哲学が、 --> \"Philosophy in ancient Greece\" (subject) \n * すでに --> already (modifies 営為だった) \n * 自由市民に委ねられた --> \"entrusted to freemen\" (relative clause modifying 真理の探求という、純粋に知的な営為) \n * 真理の探究という、 --> \"which was the pursuit of truth\" (relative clause modifying 純粋に知的な営為) \n * 純粋に知的な営為だった --> \"was a purely intellectual activity\" (predicate)\n\nI don't know how to translate this to natural English but I think it's saying\nsomething like:\n\n\"Philosophy in ancient Greece was already a purely intellectual activity,\nwhich was the pursuit of truth, entrusted to freemen (≂ exclusively performed\nby freemen.)\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-01T06:57:56.383",
"id": "38887",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-01T07:31:24.727",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "38885",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "に in passive sentences do not always correspond to \"by\" in English passive\nsentences. In your example about 雑誌, 多くの人に simply means \" _by_ many people\".\nBut some verbs already take に in active sentences, for example AをBに渡す (\"give A\n_to_ B\"), AをBに紹介する (\"introduce A _to_ B\"), AをBに委ねる (\"entrust A _to_ B\"). When\nthese sentences are converted to passive sentences, some ambiguity may happen.\nSee this question: [How to use\n紹介される?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/37097/5010)\n\n自由人に委ねられる may mean either \"entrusted _to_ freemen\" or \"entrusted _by_\nfreemen\", but in this sentence, it means \"entrusted _to_ freemen\". By who? In\nfact, this 委ねる (=\"delegate\", \"entrust\") is actually done **by no one** ; no\npeople (nor gods) explicitly told freemen to think about philosophy. In a\nsense, it's the old Greek society itself that \"entrusted\" freemen to engage in\nphilosophy. In other words, by saying 自由人に委ねられる (\"entrusted _to_ freemen\"),\nthe author is implying that people widely believed that thinking about\nphilosophy was a freemen's \"job\" in the ancient Greek society.\n\nTo take another example,\n\n> 19世紀、写真は金持ちのみに許された道楽であった。\n\nThis sentence roughly means \"In the 19th century, photography was something\nonly rich people could enjoy\". Note that this sentence does not mean someone\nexplicitly gave them permission to take photos. It was the mere fact that rich\npeople have much money that \"allowed\" them to enjoy photography.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-01T08:20:47.013",
"id": "38888",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 38885 | 38887 | 38886 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38922",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read だいがくせい as \"daigakusei\"\n\nBut when I hear a recording I hear \"dainaksei\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-01T12:56:44.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38890",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T01:33:24.350",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-01T13:18:01.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "9793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How to pronounce だいがくせい",
"view_count": 443
} | [
{
"body": "I'm no expert on these matters, but I noticed this difference from living in\nKansai and living in Tokyo. It's likely exactly what\n[chocolate](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/9831/chocolate) and\n[oals](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/6820/oals) linked with the\nnasal sounds.\n\nI lived in Kyoto and while studying intensive Japanese at Doshisha University,\nI had a teacher from Tokyo. Until this teacher I didn't realise there was a\ndifference between pronunciations as I took the Kansai pronunciations of\npolite Japanese to be normal.\n\nHowever, when the teacher from Tokyo started her class she identified the\ndifference in pronunciation. It was mainly related to the nasal pronunciation\nof words from those in Tokyo versus those in Kansai/other.\n\nRecently, I spoke to a friend in Tokyo the other day about this and he had no\nidea that he was pronouncing words with the nasal \"g\". I verified with my\nother friend from Fukuoka (we were all having dinner) and she agreed.\n\nSo what you're hearing could possibly be a Tokyo \"accent\" of the nasal\npronunciations that many people from Tokyo don't even know about.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T01:33:24.350",
"id": "38922",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11826",
"parent_id": "38890",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 38890 | 38922 | 38922 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38892",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 夏の夜の[悪夢]{ゆめ}\n\nI don't understand why 悪夢 is read as ゆめ not あくむ.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-01T14:59:35.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38891",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-29T23:44:31.007",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-29T23:44:31.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "17719",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"furigana",
"creative-furigana"
],
"title": "Why is 悪夢 read as ゆめ？",
"view_count": 542
} | [
{
"body": "That's a technique Japanese authors use every so often: playing with\n_furigana_ ( _rubi_ ) glosses. You can put a different word in the gloss and\nin the kanji, and in this way insert two words simultaneously at the same\nposition. The implication is something like: the title is pronounced _yume_\n\"dream\", but when saying \"dream\" they _mean_ a nightmare.\n\nSee discussion [in the comments\nhere](http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=27310); and, for a deeper\ndiscussion, see Ariga, [_The Playful Gloss: Rubi in Japanese\nLiterature_](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2384611).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-01T16:41:19.347",
"id": "38892",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-01T16:41:19.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "38891",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "> <http://togetter.com/li/834249> 「宝貝人間」と書いて何と読む？『当て字・当て読み 漢字表現辞典』のカオスっぷりが話題\n\n当て字 is an older term.\n\nPerhaps, the newer term 当て読み is more likely to refer to the playful or newly-\ninvented Ateji.\n\n> <http://dictionary.sanseido-publ.co.jp/dicts/ja/ateji_ateyomi/>\n> 運命（さだめ）・時代（とき）・秋桜（コスモス）・本気（マジ）・豆富・夜露死苦など、現実に流通していながら辞書には載りにくい表記を多数採録。\n\nConceptually related to <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portmanteau> words.\n\n> かばん語（かばんご）あるいは混成語（こんせいご、英:\n> portmanteau）とは、複数の語のそれぞれの一部を組み合わせて作られた語である。語の一部ではなく全部を組み合わせたものは合成語である。その語源からポートマントーとも。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T00:59:12.323",
"id": "38895",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T00:59:12.323",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16344",
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},
{
"body": "悪夢 should be read as あくむ, and it means a nightmare. \"夢\" ipse reads ゆめ, and it\nmeans a dream. 夢 (dream / hope) and 悪夢 (nightmare) are different words.\n\n\"ゆめ\" added to 悪夢 as a ふりがな (vocal notation) is 当て字, an arbitrary coinage of\nthe author. It has no currency. You'd better not to follow / emulate it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T03:57:59.380",
"id": "38899",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T10:42:17.197",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-02T10:42:17.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "38891",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 38891 | 38892 | 38892 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm writing an essay on my detailed study for Japanese which is 和食 and I would\nlike to say that there are 4 main points to 和食 but I'm a bit unsure how to\ntranslate this...\n\nsomeone help me please :((((",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T00:16:44.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38893",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T01:29:33.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17725",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How do I say there are (number) main points?",
"view_count": 81
} | [
{
"body": "I think「四つの要点」or 「四つのキーポイント」might be what you're looking for.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T01:29:33.940",
"id": "38896",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T01:29:33.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 38893 | null | 38896 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38906",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "一週間後に行く means : We arrive there in a week. \n日本語は九ヶ月間勉強している means : I've been studying Japanese for 9 months. \nニ日間に休む means : absent for 2 days.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T02:04:30.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38897",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-08T18:51:56.773",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-02T03:07:06.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "15891",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is this grammar correct? (span of time)",
"view_count": 552
} | [
{
"body": "~~一週間後に行く means \"we'll go there after a week\".\n\n\"We arrive there in a week\" should be 一週間の内{うち}に / 一週間以内に / 一週間で 着く.~~\n\n\"I've been studying Japanese for 9 months\" for 日本語は九ヶ月間勉強している is correct.\n\nニ日間に休む means \"I'll take a break sometime within a certain two days\".\n\n\"Absent for 2 days\" should be 二日間 いない / 休む",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T13:12:12.397",
"id": "38906",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-08T12:13:36.580",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-08T12:13:36.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "38897",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 日本語は九ヶ月間勉強している means : I've been studying Japanese for 9 months.\n\nit's good, but (probably) a more usual way is: 私は日本語を ......\n\n> ニ日間に休む means : absent for 2 days.\n\nRemove NI. -- it's very tempting to put a NI there ... even native Jp people\ndo it (exactly that) incorrectly many time over in Web pages.\n\n2 examples of misplaced (incorrectly inserted NI) at: [Misplaced(?) に in\nたった4週間の間に毎日3Lの水を飲み続けた女性の変化がヤバすぎ！](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38590/misplaced-%e3%81%ab-\nin-%e3%81%9f%e3%81%a3%e3%81%9f4%e9%80%b1%e9%96%93%e3%81%ae%e9%96%93%e3%81%ab%e6%af%8e%e6%97%a53l%e3%81%ae%e6%b0%b4%e3%82%92%e9%a3%b2%e3%81%bf%e7%b6%9a%e3%81%91%e3%81%9f%e5%a5%b3%e6%80%a7%e3%81%ae%e5%a4%89%e5%8c%96%e3%81%8c%e3%83%a4%e3%83%90%e3%81%99%e3%81%8e)\n\n* * *\n\nWhat you can do instead of inserting a NI :\n\n * ニ日間 休む -- (with hankaku-space) -- I do this, but it's not accepted practice.\n\n * ニ日間、休む -- It's ok if you don't overdo it (put too many commas, or 、 TEN ).\n\nSome variations are: (TEN (、) is optional in each example)\n\n * ニ日間は、休む -- one meaning is [ at least that amount ]\n\n * ニ日間も、休む -- one meaning is [ that amount is too much ] \n\n * ニ日間しか、休まない -- the meaning is [ that amount/period is short ]",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T19:11:31.623",
"id": "38912",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-08T18:51:56.773",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "38897",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 38897 | 38906 | 38906 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38902",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 故{こ}障{しょう}中{ちゅう} and だめです when speaking, for\nexample, if some electronic appliance is not working. When each should be\nused?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T05:47:33.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38900",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T02:50:45.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 故障中 and だめです",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "故障中 is better than だめです.\n\nプリンターは故障中です is a natural sentence.\n\nプリンターはだめです is unnatural.\n\n故障中 means 'broken'. だめ has a lot of meanings, for example, no good, broken,\nhopeless, cannot, must not...\n\nIf we already know the printer is broken, we may understand だめです means\n'broken', but if we don't know the situation we will not be sure of the\nmeaning of だめです.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T08:11:21.820",
"id": "38902",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T02:50:45.883",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-03T02:50:45.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17684",
"parent_id": "38900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 38900 | 38902 | 38902 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When asking a teacher for help, is it okay to use お願いします?\n\nFor example, asking to check my homework:\n\n> 宿題をチェックしてお願いします。\n\nTo me, \"Please check my homework.\" sounds kind of rude.\n\nWould saying\n\n> 宿題をチェックしてお願いできますか? (Would it be possible for you to check my homework?)\n\nbe any better ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T08:17:05.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38903",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T06:09:30.670",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-02T15:31:14.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "12259",
"owner_user_id": "17732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Is it okay to use お願いします when asking your teacher for help?",
"view_count": 3228
} | [
{
"body": "These would be more natural:\n\n> 宿題のチェックをお願いできますか？\n\nnoun(チェック) + を + お願いできますか？\n\n> 宿題をチェックしていただけますか？\n\nverb(して) + いただけますか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T12:47:25.957",
"id": "38905",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T02:08:45.983",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-03T02:08:45.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17684",
"parent_id": "38903",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "When you ask somebody senior to you for a favor, you’d better add his / her\n”honorable” title, e.g. 先生、先輩、師匠、部長、女将さん、親方 before asking.\n\nAnd if he or she is your teacher, I would say “先生、宿題をチェックして頂けますか？“ or\n“先生、宿題のチェックをお願いできますか？“ However the latter sounds somewhat redundant to me.\n\n“チェックしてお願いできますか？” is just like saying “Would you kindly check (my homework)\nand may I ask?”, and is awkward in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T21:36:00.157",
"id": "38916",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T06:09:30.670",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-03T06:09:30.670",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "38903",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 38903 | null | 38905 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38907",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been learning Japanese for over a year now, and I have noticed that\nsome people are writing kana differently. For example, I have seen `う` being\nwritten just like how it appears now (looks like a rotated U letter) and I\nhave also seen it being written like a question mark (only a bit more\ncurved)!! i\n\nSo I was wondering - what are the correct shapes? Or are they all correct and\nit's just a matter of rightly forming it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T12:07:55.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38904",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-01T16:35:21.270",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-01T16:35:21.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "17733",
"owner_user_id": "17733",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"kana",
"handwriting",
"typesetting"
],
"title": "What are the right shapes of kana?",
"view_count": 1353
} | [
{
"body": "The typeface used in textbooks is called 教科書体 (lit. \"textbook typeface\") and\nfonts are designed to be copied as closely as possible.\n\n(This is quite different from languages based on the alphabet: there are many\ndifferent cursive styles taught in schools and textbooks are never typeset in\ncursive \"handwriting\" font.)\n\nThat said, like you observed there are very slight variations. For う, there is\na question of whether the first stroke should have a hook or not, and whether\nthe second stroke should be entirely round or have a dent:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BFN55.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5Up2S.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9WOfZ.png)\n\nI would say the first one is more standard for learning handwriting; the\nsecond and third ones are shapes used in current 国語 and 算数 textbooks.\n\nAny of these should be considered \"correct\", but even when aiming for any of\nthese, actual handwriting will look different again.\n\nFor reference, here are two charts you can follow:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kOYOs.png)\n\n(from [happygolucky.info](http://www.happygolucky.info/?p=1216)\n([PDF](http://www.happygolucky.info/wp-\ncontent/uploads/fc2251a5c97e38cdfa7bd8a9db8391271.pdf)))\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mBzgd.png)\n\n(From [this blog](http://sasagami358.blog.fc2.com/blog-category-38.html)\n([image link](http://blog-\nimgs-43-origin.fc2.com/s/a/s/sasagami358/kakijun_hiragana2.jpg)))\n\nFinally, there is a very nice [instructional\nvideo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvUoakQf3I8) for learning to write ひらがな\n(with a calligraphy/brush pen, but it also applies to pens/pencils) that I\nlearned from @snailplane:\n\n[](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvUoakQf3I8)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T13:33:07.170",
"id": "38907",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T16:20:29.640",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-02T16:20:29.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "38904",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 38904 | 38907 | 38907 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38913",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is the first sentence of an NHK article published today (September 2,\n2016) discussing the high number of typhoons in waters near Japan.\n\n> 気象庁によると、ことし６月から８月までに７つの台風が日本の近くに来ています。\n>\n> According to the Japanese Meteorological Agency, this year between June and\n> August, 7 typhoons approached Japan. (I omitted near because I think\n> approach implies it).\n\nI'm wondering why the article chose to use **来ています** to describe what the\narticle itself implies is a **past action**.\n\nI understand that the ～ている form describes continued state when used with\nmomentary verbs like 来る. However, I don't see why a typhoon approaching is\nconsidered a continued state since the typhoon is currently not still there. I\nwould have assumed it should be either a completed past action or a completed\npast state that is not currently continuing.\n\n**My question explicitly is, could someone possibly contrast the meanings of\nthe above sentence if 来ました or 来ていました had been used instead?**\n\nFull article:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010664611000/k10010664611000.html>\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T16:08:18.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38908",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T19:30:55.967",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Why 来ています rather than 来ました",
"view_count": 2391
} | [
{
"body": "For 「昨日 寝てない」 there are a few different possible interpretations.\n\n 1. present perfect 「昨日から 寝てない」 \n\n 2. general condition, habit 「最近 よく寝てない」 \n\n 3. (past perfect?) or Experience\n\n3a. Preparation, e.g. for a test. --------------- See: [Meaning of\n寝てない](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38796/meaning-\nof-%e5%af%9d%e3%81%a6%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84/38807#38807)\n\n* * *\n\n> 気象庁によると、ことし６月から８月までに７つの台風が日本の近くに来ています。\n\nThis has (mostly) elements of [ present perfect ] (... so far, there have been\n...)\n\nand possibly [ general condition, habit ]\n\n> My question explicitly is, could someone possibly contrast the meanings of\n> the above sentence if 来ました or 来ていました had been used instead?\n\n * 気象庁によると、ことし６月から８月までに７つの台風が日本の近くに来ました。 <----- This is just a statement of fact. Semantically, very flat. \n \n\n * 気象庁によると、ことし６月から８月までに７つの台風が日本の近くに来ています。 <----- This suggests that we are psychologically engaged / invested in this information. -- that we don't want another big one to hit us (soon). \n \n\n * 気象庁によると、ことし６月から８月までに７つの台風が日本の近くに来ていました。 <----- This is much less suspenseful. The assumption is ... [ We had 7 of them, but the 8th one is not expected any time soon. ]",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T19:55:59.540",
"id": "38913",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T19:30:55.967",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "38908",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 38908 | 38913 | 38913 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[In this video clip](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psTrZsYdWiM) the girl\nsays something as she attacks the oncoming monsters.\n\nI cannot even make sense of what she's trying to say other than \"嘘\" at the\nend. So I'm guessing it's along the context of either:\n\n\"I won't hit you\" or \"I'll let you hit me,\" and thus proceeded by \"it's a lie\"\nand her slaughter.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T16:38:05.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38909",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T17:45:04.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7904",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"listening"
],
"title": "What is this character saying? [Video/Listening]",
"view_count": 89
} | [
{
"body": "She says:\n\n> 受け取ってください。(うそです。) \n> Take that! (Can't be true)\n\nI do not really understand why she would say うそです but that's what I hear.\n\nEDIT: I think she said うそです because a monster survived her burst (and she is\nsurprised)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T16:44:07.720",
"id": "38910",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T16:44:07.720",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "38909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I hear:\n\n> 受け取ってくださいね and 嘘だ\n>\n> \"Please take this ;)\" and \"No way!\"\n\nThe emote is vital here because I feel she is being cheeky in saying what she\nis saying. The \"no way\" is beyond me though, it could have to do with her\ncharacter though.\n\nI kind of feel that it could be two characters speaking?? like the brown-\nhaired one and then the blonde one? Not sure exactly, never played the game\nmyself.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T17:45:04.723",
"id": "38911",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-02T17:45:04.723",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "38909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 38909 | null | 38910 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38921",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am intending to say:\n\n> もう一度質問を聞いてください。\n\nTo make much it more indirect I wanted to rephrase it as:\n\n> もう一度質問をきかせていただきたいです。\n\nHowever, since きく can mean (among others) both _listen to_ and _ask_ , this\nsentence can be understood as\n\n> 1. I would like to ask my question once more.\n>\n\nor\n\n> 2. I would like to hear your question once more.\n>\n\nWould the ambiguity vanish if I use 訊く to force the first interpretation? Is\nthere any other way to clear this ambiguity?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-02T23:18:06.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38918",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T08:43:17.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Some troubles with きかせていただきたい",
"view_count": 666
} | [
{
"body": "Normally, for \"ask a question\" you'd use 「質問(を)する」「聞く(訊く)」「尋ねる」 etc., and\n質問を聞く sounds more like \"listen to a question\".\n\nSo your 1st example 「もう一度質問を聞いてください。」 would normally be understood as \"Please\nlisten to my question once more\", \"I would like to repeat my question.\"\n\nTo say \"I'd like you to hear my question once more\" or \"I would like to repeat\nmy question\" politely and indirectly, I think you could say:\n\n> もう一度質問を聞いていただきたいのですが。 \n> もう一度質問をお聞きいただけないでしょうか。 \n> もう一度質問をお聞きいただけますか。 \n> 質問を繰り返させていただいてもよろしいでしょうか。 \n> etc...\n\nTo say \"I would like to ask my question one more time\" politely and\nindirectly:\n\n> もう一度質問させていただきたいのですが。/ いただいてもよろしいでしょうか。 \n> もう一度お聞きしてもよろしいでしょうか。 \n> もう一度お尋ねしてもよろしいでしょうか。 \n> もう一度お伺いしてもよろしいでしょうか。* \n> etc...\n\n(*もう一度お伺いしてもよろしいでしょうか can also mean \"Could you repeat that, please?\")\n\n* * *\n\n「もう一度質問を聞いてください。」 _might_ be interpreted as \"Please ask your question once\nmore\", but this would normally be said as:\n\n> もう一度質問(を) **して** ください。 \n> もう一度質問を言ってください / おっしゃってください。 \n> もう一度質問を聞かせてください。 \n> 質問をもう一度お願いします。 \n> etc.\n\nTo say \"Please ask your question once more\" or \"I would like to hear your\nquestion once more\" politely and indirectly, you could say:\n\n> もう一度質問していただけますか / (ご)質問をおっしゃっていただけますか。 \n> もう一度(ご)質問を聞かせていただけますか / お聞かせ願えますか。 \n> (ご)質問をもう一度お伺いできますか / お願いできますか。 \n> etc...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T00:58:54.963",
"id": "38921",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T08:43:17.367",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-04T08:43:17.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "38918",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "If you are asking the asker to repeat his / her question, neither\n“もう一度質問を聞いてください” or “もう一度質問をきかせていただきたいです” sounds smooth in Japanese to me, nor\nis grammatical.\n\nI would say ”(済みませんが）只今の質問、もう一度繰り返して頂けませんか？\" or \"もう一度言って(仰って)頂けますか？- Excuse\nme, would you repeat your question ( say it) again?”",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-04T04:52:35.957",
"id": "38945",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T04:52:35.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "38918",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 38918 | 38921 | 38921 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38930",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am currently studying Minna no nihongo. I came across these two sentences\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K4q6G.jpg)\n\nWhy was de used in gakkodewa , instead of gakkoniwa in second sentence?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T02:10:03.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38923",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T08:04:12.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17740",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Why de is used in second sentence?",
"view_count": 74
} | [
{
"body": "In these two examples, there are two main differences you should learn.\n\n**に** in the first sentence is used to explain the location that something or\nsomeone exists.\n\n**で** in the second sentence is used to explain the location that an action\ntakes places.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T08:04:12.280",
"id": "38930",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T08:04:12.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17742",
"parent_id": "38923",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 38923 | 38930 | 38930 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38926",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Something I find very useful about Japanese is that events are often posted\nwith the date along with the day of the week (something I see rarely when in\nthe United States). For example:\n\n> REOL 第一弾【だいいちだん】作品『Σ』リリース決定【けってい】!!\n>\n> 2016.10.19（水）発売【はつばい】\n\nFrom that I understand that the album will be released on 19th October, a\nWednesday. I would like to know how to read the **（水）** part in my head and\nout loud (as if I were reading the page to somebody).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T06:40:56.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38925",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T00:43:11.007",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-03T06:57:53.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17742",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings"
],
"title": "Pronouncing kanji of day of the week",
"view_count": 421
} | [
{
"body": "Days of the week are often abbreviated in speech such that they're cut off\nbefore the 曜日, so you can refer to days as げつ・か・すい etc. In the case of\nwriting, you can read it however you like, really, since it's just an\nabbreviation. If you want to just think すい then go ahead, but you can read it\ninternally as 水曜日 if you so wish. If you were to see something like \"Mon.\" or\n\"Th\" in English as an abbreviation of a day, how would you read it in your\nhead? The point is it doesn't really matter how you read it as its primary\npurpose is just as an indicator of the day and not a piece of prose. If I were\nreading it aloud to someone, I'd say the full 水曜日.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T06:52:03.790",
"id": "38926",
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"parent_id": "38925",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "I think no one accuses you of reading \"(水）発売\" out as \"Sui hatsubai,\" but it's\nsafer for you to read it out \"suiyoubi hatsubai\" to avoid a phonetic\nconfusion, such as with \"新発売 - shin hatsubai\" - newly on sale.\n\nIn the same token, you don't read out 2016.10.19 (土) as \"nisenju-uroku-ju-u\nkyu-u do,\" which sounds like 2016.19℃.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T19:16:19.337",
"id": "38937",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T00:43:11.007",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-04T00:43:11.007",
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"parent_id": "38925",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 38925 | 38926 | 38926 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is from a worksheet on noun modification:\n\n> 文があいまいにならないように気をつけましょう。\n>\n\n>> 茶色い目のキレイな少女\n\n>\n> → 茶色い目がキレイな少女（キレイな茶色の目をした少女） \n> → 茶色い目の、キレイな少女（茶色い目で、ルックスがキレイな少女） \n> → 茶色い、目のキレイな少女（目がキレイで、肌が茶色い少女）\n\nI'm not 100% about what is being shown here but I think it's saying that\n茶色い目のキレイな少女 is a bit ambiguous and the three sentences that follow aren't as\nambiguous?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T07:42:13.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38927",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-29T00:28:42.187",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-29T00:28:42.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "17744",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Question on noun modification 茶色い目のキレイな少女",
"view_count": 126
} | [
{
"body": "Right, the sentence\n\n> 茶色い目のキレイな少女\n\nis ambiguous and may be parsed in the following ways\n\n 1. > 茶色い目のキレイな 少女\n\n 2. > 茶色い目の (キレイな 少女)\n\n 3. > 茶色い (目のキレイな 少女)\n\n* * *\n\n 1. In the first parsing, 茶色い目がキレイ modifies 少女, where が has become の through _ga_ - _no_ conversion\n\n> A young lady, who has beautiful brown eyes.\n\nThis interpretation is forced by not using _ga_ - _no_ conversion\n\n> → 茶色い目がキレイな少女\n\n 2. In the second parsing, キレイな modifies 少女 and 茶色い目の modifies キレイな少女\n\n> A beautiful young lady, who has brown eyes.\n\nThis parsing is suggested by inserting a comma\n\n> → 茶色い目の、キレイな少女\n\n 3. In the third parsing, 目のキレイな modifies 少女 and 茶色い modifies 目のキレイな少女.\n\n> A young lady with beautiful eyes, who is brown.\n\nThis parsing is suggested by inserting a comma\n\n> → 茶色い、目のキレイな少女\n\n* * *\n\nIn English we have\n\n> a beautiful brown-eyed young lady\n\nwhich captures the ambiguity between (1) and (2), where it's not clear whether\nthe eyes are beautiful or the young lady herself.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T08:09:57.163",
"id": "38931",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 38927 | null | 38931 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38929",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I realize I should not be spending too much time with romaji but I would like\nto try and understand more about how to translate hiragana to romaji. I used a\ntranslation web page and I noticed it sometimes adds spaces.\n\nWith the revised Hepburn system is this word translated like this: kisaten or\nkisa ten? If the later then can someone explain why.\n\nSimilar question: そうじ\n\nShould this appear as Sō ji or Sōji\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T07:45:02.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38928",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-03T07:50:14.030",
"last_editor_user_id": "17660",
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"hiragana",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "Is きっさてん one or two words in romaji?",
"view_count": 373
} | [
{
"body": "きっさてん is commonly referred to as kissaten, see\n[Kissaten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissaten \"Kissaten\"). Please note\nthat there are two S because of the small つ, which creates an extended /s/\nsound.\n\nFor そうじ, I am assuming you mean the suru verb. I would write \"sōji\" since it\nis all one word, not separate words.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T07:55:55.507",
"id": "38929",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-03T10:00:25.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "17742",
"owner_user_id": "17742",
"parent_id": "38928",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 38928 | 38929 | 38929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38933",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen two variations of this and I am confused now:\n\n> 1. chōshoku\n> 2. Choushoku\n>\n\nThe second one makes the most sense to me but I am not 100% certain if it is\ncorrect. If the first one is correct then can someone explain to me why as I\ncannot see that there is a long \"o\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T09:57:45.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38932",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T15:09:14.320",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-03T15:09:14.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"hiragana",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "How do I convert ちょうしょく to rōmaji with the modified Hepburn system?",
"view_count": 225
} | [
{
"body": "According to the [Wikipedia page for Hepburn\nromanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization), long vowels\nare generally notated with the macron (line above). In the case of ちょうしょく, it\nwould become **chōshoku**.\n\nIt is important to point out that in Japanese, a long O sound ō is made by\nboth either おう or おお. That is maybe why the second one makes more sense.\n\nThe exception to the rule of using the macron is when the same vowel comes\nfrom a different word. The given example is 邪悪【じゃあく】, which **jaaku** because\nthe first character is **ja** and the second is **aku**.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T10:05:39.507",
"id": "38933",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17742",
"parent_id": "38932",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 38932 | 38933 | 38933 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38935",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On cookpad.com, it says \"chicken broth 一個\", even though I'm pretty sure\nchicken broth is a liquid... So what does it mean here? A tablespoon, a\nteaspoon? An arbitrary figure?\n\nActual words for reference:\n\n> チキンコンソメ1個",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T15:14:15.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38934",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T16:42:45.050",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-03T16:42:45.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "11397",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"counters",
"food"
],
"title": "What is 一個 in Japanese used in context of cooking?",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "In this context (and many contexts regarding cooking at home), チキンコンソメ1個\nrefers to _a cube of_ chicken broth -- something like magi bouillon.\n\ncf. [クノール®\nチキンコンソメ](http://www.ajinomoto.co.jp/products/detail/?ProductName=knorr_consomme_1)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T15:30:02.830",
"id": "38935",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T15:30:02.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "38934",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 38934 | 38935 | 38935 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38939",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I don't know if \"part-of-speech\" is the best term here, since it generally has\na Western language orientation, but I am curious as to what function the word\n_gegege_ has in reference to the TV show title _GeGeGe no Kitarō_. I asked my\ngrandma—a native Japanese speaker—what exactly this meant. She said that it\ndidn't really have a lexical or direct _meaning_ in the same way a noun would.\nI take this to mean that the _gegege_ is kind of there for the sake of being\nthere and for how it sounds.\n\nI've noticed that Japanese seems to have lots of interjections or onomatopoeic\nwords which don't always have a direct and easily definable _meaning_ (e.g.\nねー, as in, ちょうっとーまって **ね** ), but _gegege_ seems to be even farther along the\nspectrum of easily definable words. Is there a grammatical category for such a\nword?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T17:27:53.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38936",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T20:26:33.823",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-03T18:06:24.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia",
"parts-of-speech",
"child-speech"
],
"title": "What part-of-speech is ゲゲゲ in ゲゲゲの鬼太郎?",
"view_count": 2266
} | [
{
"body": "There are several issues here. First, let's review the “meaning” of _Gegege_ ;\nthen let's think a bit more carefully about what does it mean to try to\nclassify words as \"parts of speech\", and how does _Gegege_ fit into them.\n\nThe word _Gegege_ was created by Shigeru Mizuki based on the way he\nmispronounced his name as a toddler: _Gegeru_. So our first attempt could be\nto classify it as a noun, and intuitively it seems to fit. However, at the\nsame time, it does have the general look-and-feel of a Japanese onomatopoeia,\nand doesn't seem to _refer_ to something, like \"Shigeru\" refers to the author;\nand, in the iconic first-generation anime opening, _ge-ge-ge_ appears to be\nsung by frogs. Given that the Japanese frog onomatopoeia is _gero-gero_ , it's\na fair bet that we can consider it to be an onomatopoia—or, more generally, a\n[sound-symbolic word](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideophone) (also called\n“ideophone”, “phonomime”, “mimetic word” etc. etc.; Japanese: 擬態語 _gitaigo_\n)—that is, a word where the sound of the word itself suggests a feeling,\nmanner or sensation (auditory or otherwise). As a sound-symbolic word, to me\nat least _Gegege_ feels croaky, critter-y, monster-y, perhaps somewhat yucky\n(cf. ゲー , a vomit onomatopoeia).\n\nNow, what is it that you want to know when you ask what “part of speech” or\n“grammatical category” it is? Traditional parts of speech terms, like “noun”\nor “verb”, have two different and independent usages. The first is _formal:_\nit tells how the word relates to other words, more or less mechanically; how\nit inflects (or doesn't), where can it be inserted… For example, in English,\nonly a noun may follow “the”:¹ you can say “the frog” but not “*the sing” or\n“*the of”. In Japanese, only a nominal (体言 _taigen_ ) may be followed by _no_.\nSo _Gegege_ is a noun, because it's followed by _no_ ; end of story.² If the\ntitle was _Gegege **na** Kitaro_, then _Gegege_ would be a na-adjective; if it\nwas _Gegegeru Kitaro_ it would be a verb, etc. So we define noun\n“distributionally”; that is, based on how “noun” words are distributed in\nactual use among other words.\n\nPlease notice that this definition of \"parts of speech\" has _nothing to do\nwith meaning_. It treats words as abstract pieces in a game board, and\nidentify word classes by what rules they follow when combining with each\nother.\n\nA different, older, and fuzzier definition of parts of speech is based on\nmeanings: for example, nouns are \"things\", adjectives are \"attributes\" of the\nthings, and verbs are \"actions\" (\"to kick\"), \"events\" (\"to die\") or \"states\"\n(\"to like\") of the things. This makes intuitive sense, but it's easy to see\nthat this definition is squishy and not very clear:\n\n * A bomb exploded yesterday.\n * There was an explosion yesterday.\n\nThe verb \"exploded\" and the noun \"explosion\" are referring to the same event.\n(Many nouns refer to events, including \"kiss\", \"death\", _seppuku_ and so on.)\n\n * I only kiss hunks.\n * I only kiss them if they're manly.\n\nHere the adjective \"manly\" points to the same thing as the noun \"hunk\".\n\nWe can avoid this problem if we say that nouns _usually_ or _typically_ refer\nto \"things\", verbs to \"events\", and adjectives to \"attributes\". What's more,\nif we want to use a noun as a property or an event, we may have to add extra\nstuff to it: \"man\" → \"man **ly** \", \"man **ning** \" etc. But we never need to\nannotate or \"mark\" a noun to denote a thing, a verb an event, or an adjective\na property. This insight is due to Croft, who distinguishes (formal,\ndistributional) nouns, verbs and adjectives from (semantic) Objects, Events\nand Properties; the former typically denote the latter, but not necessarily.\n\nIt should now be clear that _Gegege_ is, formally, a noun; but that doesn't\nmean that, semantically, it must refer to an Object (and it doesn't; it's\nsound-symbolic). _-ne_ is an entirely different beast; you can't say * _ne no\nKitaro_ , * _ne da_ etc.; it always comes at the end of phrases, so it's a\nphrasal postposition (literally something \"positioned after phrases\";\nJapanese: 終助詞 _shūjoshi_ ). And, semantically, it's a discourse helper,\ncomparable to English tag questions like \"isn't it?\"; it doesn't refer to\nthings, but rather express the speaker's attitude to what they're saying, or\nthe discourse [modality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_modality).\n\n* * *\n\n**Footnotes:**\n\n1) You can also say things like \"the beautiful people\", where an adjective\nfollows \"the\"; but this is because the sequence [beautiful people] works, for\nall intents and purposes, just like a noun, and can be used wherever a noun\ncan (\"they are the Englishmen\" → \"they are the [beautiful people]\"), etc. It's\na \"noun phrase\".\n\nAnd what about things like \"the good, the bad and the ugly\", which have no\napparent nouns? I think you'd agree that, intuitively, it feels like putting\nthe word \"ugly\" after a \"the\" makes it into a noun, precisely because \"the\"\nexpects a noun.\n\n2) There's a small set of strange words which may take _no_ but are not nouns,\nlike _kanari_ \"considerably\" or _tobitobi_ \"here and there\". We can identify\nthose distributionally because, unlike nouns, they don't occur as a subject\nmarked by _-ga_ or as an object marked by _-wo_. I set aside the trickier\ncases for simplicity. Incidentally, it's easy to find ゲゲゲ as a standalone noun\n(marked with を／が) on the Internet; but in those cases it seems to be a simple\nabbreviation for 『ゲゲゲの鬼太郎』.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-03T19:27:58.207",
"id": "38938",
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},
{
"body": "Apparently ゲゲゲ comes from the nickname ゲゲゲのしげる _GeGeGe no Shigeru_ of the\ncreator of the series Shi **ge** ru Mizuki, who pronounced his name げげる as a\nsmall child. (At least this seems to be the consensus of [this 教えて！goo\nquestion](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/1876881.html), citing interviews with\nMizuki broadcast on Japanese television.)\n\nIn other words, ゲゲゲ is a representation of child speech.\n\nI think that ゲゲゲの鬼太郎 is probably understood as a **quotation** , as in\n「ゲゲゲ」の鬼太郎, i.e. the _kitarō_ , who (always) says 「ゲゲゲ」. Maybe a bit like\n\"Howdy\" John Smith—the John Smith, who always says \"Howdy\".\n\nFunctionally or formally, quotations behave like **nouns** and if we are\nindeed dealing with a case of \"mention\" rather than \"use\", it might not\nwouldn't really matter what part-of-speech ゲゲゲ were.\n\nBut ゲゲゲ itself is probably best considered an\n[**ideophone**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideophone), i.e. some mysterious\nword class that records a particular sound. Something that's different from\nthe parts-of-speech we know and love (verbs, adjectives, etc.).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T20:36:07.910",
"id": "38939",
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}
]
| 38936 | 38939 | 38938 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38941",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does **「何かあるごとに」** mean in this sentence, the best i can come up with is,\n\"every time something happens\", but it doesn't seem quite right.\n\n> **何かあるごとに** 姉がこうしてくるので「抱擁」しているのですが・・・違いましたか？\n\ncontext, is that one is hugging the other, and the one getting hugged is\nslightly flustered.\n\nThe best guess i can come up with for the whole sentence is, \"each time some\nhappens, a big sister does this, so i'm hugging (you), but... was i wrong?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T22:24:07.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38940",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T02:17:08.263",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-04T02:17:08.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "12353",
"owner_user_id": "12353",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "「何かあるごとに」Not quite sure what it means or how to translate",
"view_count": 229
} | [
{
"body": "\"何かあるごとに\" can be rephrased as \"なにかにつけて,\" which means \"taking advantage of any\navailable opportunities, under any excuse possible. I have difficulty in\nunderstanding the given quote. It looks incomplete to me, but I interpret it\nas;\n\n\"Everytime my elder sister does like this, I mean hugs me, So I hug her back.\n- - Am I wrong?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-03T22:52:56.060",
"id": "38941",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-03T22:52:56.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 38940 | 38941 | 38941 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38943",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So recently I've been following the advice of writing up a journal entry in\nJapanese every day, and I had a question about particle usage for a set of\nsentences I did.\n\n>\n> 祖父と祖母はメーンに住んでいます。でも、メーンの冬はとても寒いですから、冬にロサンゼルスに住んでいます。そして、夏にメーンに住んでいます。ロサンゼルスの夏はとてもあついですから。\n\nMy question is simply this, should I be marking summer and winter with the に\nor で particle to indicate that my grandparents live in Maine or Los Angeles\nduring the season in question.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-04T02:27:44.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38942",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-04T09:20:40.013",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-04T09:20:40.013",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17697",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"particle-に",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Expressing \"live somewhere in summer and live somewhere in winter\": Particle usage",
"view_count": 319
} | [
{
"body": "に is correct. Your sentence is good and I think 冬はロサンゼルスに住んでいます is better\nbecause this sentence contrasts winter to other seasons.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-04T04:47:13.300",
"id": "38943",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
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| 38942 | 38943 | 38943 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38953",
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"body": "学校に行く人は学生だ is the plain. So can I use the polite form such as 学校に行きます人は学生です。",
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"title": "Can you modify nouns with polite verbs in the relative clause?",
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"body": "For your specific example, to make the sentence into polite form you would not\nchange the ending of 行く; e.g. 学校に行く人は学生です。 That rule applies to modified\nnouns. Here are a few more examples.\n\n> あの眼鏡【めがね】を掛けている人は誰ですか。 (polite)\n>\n> あの眼鏡【めがね】を掛けている人は誰？ (informal)",
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"body": "From what I understand に marks the destination of a verb, like まで。\n\n> 僕が彼に愛を感じる \n> 僕が彼まで愛を感じる\n\nSome explanation I find for に are: \n1)に plainly wears many different hats, but I like to think of に as a\ngrammatical targeting reticule as its usual function is to point at specific\ntimes, places, and things. \n2)The に particle can specify a target of a verb. This is different from the を\nparticle in which the verb does something to the direct object. With the に\nparticle, the verb does something toward the word associated with the に\nparticle.\n\nIsn't this like まで since the verb does something towards that and then stops\nthere? \nAm I understanding the definition of target wrong?",
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"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-まで"
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"title": "に まで differences in usage with person or things",
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"body": "<http://www.seiku.net/kotowaza/03_02.html> -- 愛、屋烏に及ぶ ( あい、おくうにおよぶ ) : 意味:\n人を激しくまた真剣に愛すると、その愛する人が住んでいる家の屋根に留まっている烏をも愛するようになる。\n\nI think... If you want to use まで , you may have to use a stronger or more\nexplicit verb like 及ぶ\n\n------ as in :\n\n> 4ji.za-yu.com/2013/09/post_465.html 愛及屋烏とはこんな意味の四字熟語です.\n>\n> 意 味：愛憎の情はその人だけでなく、その人に関係するものにまで及ぶ。",
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"body": "> (1) 僕が彼に愛を感じる \n> (2) 僕が彼まで愛を感じる\n\nAs for the given sentence (1), it is difficult to interpret it with letting it\nhave the connotation of the questioner's intention like \"He is the destination\nof my love. or I feel my love to him\".\n\nAs for the sentence (2), we don't say it, which is commented by Chocolate.\n\nIf I interpret the sentence (1) as it is, the interpretation may become quite\ndifferent from what is meant by the questioner. My interpretation becomes as\nfollows:\n\n> (1)' I feel that he loves somebody or something.\n\nMoreover, the sentence (1) is not a little natural as Japanese, so (1) is\nrecommended to be written by changing the particle \"が\" to \"は\" like:\n\n> (3) 僕は彼に愛を感じる\n\nPutting aside the \"が\" problem, if you want to make the sentence (1) into\nnatural ones having the intended connotation of that \"I feel my love to him\",\nI would rewrite it like:\n\n> (4) 僕は彼への愛を感じる / (4)' 彼への愛を僕は感じる \n> I feel my love to him.\n>\n> (5) 僕は彼に対｛たい｝する愛を感じる / (5)' 彼に対｛たい｝する愛を僕は感じる \n> I feel my love for him.\n>\n> (6) 僕は彼を愛していることを感じる / (6)' 彼を愛していることを僕は感じる \n> I feel that I love him.\n>\n> (7) 僕は彼に私の愛が向｛む｝いているの（/こと）を感じる / (7)' 彼に私の愛が向いているの（/こと）を僕は感じる \n> I feel that my love aims at him.\n>\n> (8) 僕は彼に私の愛が憑｛と｝りついているのを感じる / (8)' 彼に私の愛が憑｛と｝りついているのを私は感じる \n> I feel that my love sticks to/in him.\n\nAll of the sentences from (4) to (8) have a structure as follows:\n\n> (9) 僕は「A」を感じる / (9)' 「A」を僕は感じる\n\nApparently, the part \"A\" is a noun phrase or a noun clause. \nOn the other hand, the sentence (1) or (3) has a construction as:\n\n> (10) 僕が/は 「彼に愛を」 感じる\n\n\"彼に愛を\" is neither a noun phrase nor a noun clause, then what?\n\nBefore that, the possessor of the \"愛\" is not clear in (1) and (3). \nAs for the possessor of the \"愛\", there are two choices: my 愛 and his 愛. \nIn the context, you have no choice but the \"愛\" is \"my 愛\". \nThen you have to make the possession of 愛 clear in the sentence as:\n\n> (11) 僕が/は 「彼に」「僕の愛を」 感じる \n> (11)' I feel my love 「彼に」.\n\nThere may be several interpretation for (11) or (11)'.\n\n> (12) I feel my love at him. \n> (13) I feel my love in him. \n> (14) I feel my love for him.\n\nWhat is the acceptable interpretation for the questioner? \nAlas, the most possible interpretation of (11) or (11)' is that:\n\n> (15) I feel that he has my love.\n\nI know this is not the acceptable interpretation of the sentence (1) having\nthe meaning of \"He is the destination of my love\" or \"I feel my love to him\".\n\nAs the whole, it is difficult to let the sentence (1) have one of the meaning\nfrom (4) to (8).\n\nLast but not least. \nLet's think about the difference between the three sentences depending on\nthree different particles \"に\", \"まで\" and \"へ\" based on the sentence 「京都に行く」(I go\nto Kyoto） which is given in the Chocolate's comment.\n\n> (16) 私は京都に行く \n> (17) 私は京都まで行く \n> (18) 私は京都へ行く\n\nEach of them has the same meaning as \"I go to Kyoto\". \nMore precisely, they have the meaning respectively as:\n\n> (16)' に - I go to the place where Kyoto is. \n> (17)' まで - I go as far as to Kyoto \n> (18)' へ - I go to/towards Kyoto\n\nThough they have the same meaning, the viewpoint or the subject of concern are\ndifferent from each other as follows:\n\n> (16) に – the arrival point Kyoto \n> (17) まで – the route to Kyoto or the middle way of passing to Kyoto \n> (18) へ – the starting point to Kyoto",
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"body": "I learned two words meaning \"to compensate\" \"to make up for\" and \"to atone\nfor\" recently: 贖う and 償う. What is the difference between them? I feel like\nsince they both end in なう they might be interchangeable but I don't know.",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 贖う【あがなう】 and 償う【つぐなう】",
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"body": "Somebody on Yahoo! Chiebukuro asked this exact same question. For reference,\nhere is the post:\n[償いと贖いの違いは何ですか？](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1085034160)\n\nIf I understand correctly, the answer there says that 贖【あがな】う is used\nexclusively to describe the atonement of money or goods, while 償【つぐな】う is used\nmore broadly and can describe other situations (moral or physiological).",
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"body": "I have some questions about 「コーヒー飲んでき！」\n\n 1. What is it a contraction of ? \n \n\n 2. Is it inchoative ? \n \n\n 3. In all of the examples i've found, it's an invitation to come in.\n\nBut i think 「コーヒー飲んでき」can mean [ Why don't you go out, take a walk, and have a\ncup of coffee in a coffee shop. You'll feel better afterwards. ]\n\nCould someone confirm this ? and/or find a sample from the net, book ... ?\n\n「お姉さん！お茶飲んでき！！」\n\n..... 君、コーヒー飲んでき～」と声をかけられ\n\n、「ほなコレだけ飲んでき！」と、ビールを一杯 ご馳走頂き…\n\n見知らぬお姉さん ... 「 ここのお酒、おいしいから飲んでき～！」と声をかけられ ...\n\n..... サービスするしここで飲んでき～～！」と言って店の前にテーブルと椅子が準備されました♪",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"dialects",
"aspect",
"morphology"
],
"title": "Grammar and aspect of 「コーヒー飲んでき！」",
"view_count": 543
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"body": "1. Here in all of your examples, it's a contraction of 飲んでいき～ (飲んで行きい) in regional dialect mainly used in the Kansai area, meaning 飲んでいけ (飲んで + subsidiary verb 行け), or 飲んでいって(ちょうだい), literally \"(Please) Drink and go.\"\n\nThis colloquial contraction (dropping い in the subsidiary verb 行く) is also\nseen in Standard Japanese:\n\n> 飲んで **い** く → 飲んでく \n> 走って **い** こう。 → 走ってこう。 / 走ってこ。 \n> 持って **い** け！ → 持ってけ！ \n> 買って **い** って。 → 買ってって。 \n> 予習して **い** かなくていいの？ → 予習してかなくていいの？\n\n 2. I don't think so... (in your examples, at least).\n\n 3. Yes, 飲んできー can also mean 飲んで[来]{き}い, which is 飲んで[来]{こ}い / 飲んできて(ちょうだい) in Standard Japanese. \n\n> * [飲んで(い)き(い)]{LLHHHHHHHH} / [飲んで(い)き(い)さ]{LLHHHHHLLLL} -- 飲んでいけ Drink\n> here and go. / Drink before you go.\n> * [飲んできい]{LLHLH} / [飲んできいさ]{LLHHLL} / [飲んできいさ]{LLHLLL} etc. -- 飲んでこい\n> (Go) Drink and come back.\n\nOther examples:\n\n「～てきい」 as 「～てこい」:\n\n> * はよ取ってきい(な)。 -- 早く取ってこい/きて(よ) \n> Fetch it and come back now. / Go and get it now.\n> * 持ってきい(さ)。 -- 持ってこい/きて(よ) \n> Bring it here.\n> * しっかり勉強してきい(や)。 -- しっかり勉強してこい(よ)/きて(ね)/きなさい(よ) \n> Go study hard and come back. / Study hard over there.\n>\n\n「～てきい」 as 「～ていけ」:\n\n> * 食べてきい(な)。-- 食べていけ/いって(よ) \n> Eat here and go. / Eat before you go.\n> * 持ってき。-- 持っていけ/いって/いきなさい \n> Take it with you.\n> * ちゃんと用意してき(や)。 -- ちゃんと用意していけ(よ)/いって(ね)/いきなさい(よ) \n> Prepare thoroughly before you go.\n>",
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"body": "「コーヒー飲んでき」 is a contraction of 「コーヒーを飲んで行き（なさい）」－ Have a cup of coffee.\n\n「....してき」 is often used in such a way as \"ちょっと、寄ってき(ちょっと立ち寄って行きなさい) - Have a\ndrop at (the shop) - a solicitation phrase often heard from barkers of red-\nlight corners. \"そこへ置いとき(置いておきなさい) - Just leave it there,\" \"気を付けてき(気を付けて行きなさい)\n- Take care,\" and \"早く帰ってき(早く帰ってきなさい）- Come back soon.\"\n\nI'm Kyushu-ite. But, I've never heard of this turn of phrase in my hometown. I\nthink I often heard it in Kansai-area, but I'm not sure where it is spoken\nwidely.",
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"body": "この 「コーヒー飲んでき！」 って関西弁オンリー？\n\n東京では全く使わん？ 理解も出来ん？\n\n「ちょっと読んで見い」 とか と変わらん感じもするが。\n\n * 岐阜--- nawan13.hatenablog.com/entry/2015/09/02/123540 -- 2015年 ... 初めて参加した「岐阜の地酒に酔う」で御代櫻醸造のブース前で、見知らぬお姉さんが「ここのお酒、おいしいから飲んでき～！」と声をかけられ、杜氏に「お薦めをお願いします 。」と言っていただいたのがきっかけなんです。あの時、お姉さんに声 ... \n \n\n * 長野県(?) --- sanadaen.blog9.fc2.com/blog-entry-329.html -- 2011年 ... 枝垂れ桃（白） 真っ白で、心が洗われます。 ジョギングコースにある知り合いの家の木朝から、「お茶飲んでき～」と言われます。 ... \n \n\n * 福島・茨城巡り～！？ minkara.carview.co.jp/userid/410696/car/1056202/.../photo.aspx -- 2016年 ... 喜多方から峠道を越え・・ ... 氷柱も、 去年よりインパクトが低かったです。... お茶でも飲んでき～と、ご馳走になったお店。",
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"body": "I've recently come across several people arguing about the correct\npronunciation of GIF. There are camps who believe it's \"d͡ʒɪf\" and others who\nbelieve it's \"gɪf\". Several people also argue about whether \"lɪnəks\" or\n\"laɪnəks\" is the correct pronunciation of Linux.\n\nAre there any words in Japanese like this that are hotly debated? Since\nJapanese has clear pronunciation rules, I mainly wonder if there are certain\nreadings of kanji that are disputed.",
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"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Are there any words in Japanese with heavily disputed pronunciation?",
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"body": "I can't think of any example that's new or tech. Some light examples are:\n\n * With personal names, you often have to ask the person how a Kanji is read -- for example, Nakata vs. Nakada --- 裕子(ひろこ,ゆうこ,やすこ) \n \n\n * 地名なんかの、特に連濁関係で、[ 正しい読み方で 議論がある、意見が分かれる ] という事がありそう。 良い実例は思いつかない。 \n``` ふたこ（ご）たまがわえん\n\n \n さんけん（げん）ちゃや（じゃや）\n \n```\n\n * 七回忌 (× ななかいき → ○ しちかいき) \n \n\n * 「十」（10, ジュウ) --- 漢字の 十 の読みは、「とう」ですか？「とお」ですか？ detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1412549849\n\n * 「十歩」 「じゅっぽ」「じっぽ」\n\n * 「五十歩百歩」「ごじゅっぽひゃっぽ」 -- 正しくは「ごじっぽひゃっぽ」 \n \n\n * 体育 -- Correctly たいいく but many ppl (including myself) pronounce it as たいく\n\n固執： ”こしゅう” → ”こしつ”-- the latter is considered correct these days, and there\nare 100 more examples here:\n\nwww.asahi-net.or.jp/~hi5k-stu/nihongo/kanyouon.htm\n\n★誤用の方が定着したか優勢なもの。\n\n> ・攪拌：”こうはん”→”かくはん” ・堪能：”かんのう”→”たんのう”\n>\n> ・端緒：”たんしょ”→”たんちょ” ・蛇足：”じゃそく”→”だそく”\n>\n> ・設立：”せつりゅう”→”せつりつ” ・睡眠：”すいめん”→”すいみん”\n>\n> ・出納：”しゅつのう”→”すいとう” ・情緒：”じょうしょ”→”じょうちょ”\n>\n> ・宿命：”しゅくみょう”→”しゅくめい” ・消耗：”しょうこう”→”しょうもう”\n>\n> ・漏洩：”ろうせつ”→”ろうえい” ・稟議：”ひんぎ”→”りんぎ”\n>\n> ・捏造：”でつぞう”→”ねつぞう” ・捧腹絶倒→抱腹絶倒\n>\n> ・貪欲：”たんよく”→”どんよく” ・呂律：”りょりつ”→”ろれつ”\n\n★変化の途中にあるもの。\n\n> ・御用達：”ごようたし”→”ごようたつ” ・固執：”こしゅう”→”こしつ”\n>\n> ・早急：”さっきゅう”→”そうきゅう” ・重複：”ちょうふく”→”じゅうふく”\n>\n> ・荒らげる：”あららげる”→”あらげる” ・相殺：”そうさい”→”そうさつ”\n>\n> ・追従：”ついしょう”→”ついじゅう” ・茶道：”ちゃどう”→”さどう”\n>\n> ・一所懸命→一生懸命 ・悪名：”あくみょう”→”あくめい”\n>\n> ・残滓：”ざんし”→”ざんさい” ・貼付：”ちょうふ”→”てんぷ”\n>\n> ・口腔：”こうこう”→”こうくう” ・直截：”ちょくさい”→”ちょくせつ”\n>\n> ・逐電：”ちくてん”→”ちくでん” ・白夜：”はくや”→”びゃくや”\n>\n> ・世論：”よろん”→”せろん” ・出生率：”しゅっしょうりつ”→”しゅっせいりつ”\n>\n> ・女人禁制：”にょにんきんぜい”→”にょにんきんせい”\n>\n> ・手を拱く：”てをこまぬく”→”てをこまねく” ・丁字路（ていじろ）→Ｔ字路（てぃーじろ）\n>\n> ・味気ない：”あじきない”→”あじけない” ・難しい：”むつかしい”→”むずかしい”\n\nせんたっき --> 洗濯機 . . . 変換できたわ ｗ\n\nClever jokesters make fun of this phenomenon:\n\n```\n\n ふいんき（←何故か変換できない）\n いきよい（←何故か変換できない）\n そのとうり（←なぜか変換できない）\n がいしゅつ（←なぜか変換できない）\n げいいん(なぜか変換できない）\n たいく（←なぜか変換できない）\n しゅずつ（←なぜか変換できない）\n てつやぐみ（←何故か変換できない）\n ほっぽうりょうど（←なぜか返還されない）\n 童貞（←なぜか卒業できない）\n \n```",
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"body": "There are definitely some examples. For instance, the Kibune 貴船 きぶねTemple in\nKyoto is also called Kifune きふね by some (both are frequent enough to show up\nin these search results:\n[https://duckduckgo.com/?t=lm&q=Kibune+Temple&ia=places](https://duckduckgo.com/?t=lm&q=Kibune+Temple&ia=places));\nperhaps the town is more properly called Kibune, while the temple's name may\nbe more properly Kifune.\n\nAlso in Kyoto, the Keihan Shichijou 京阪七条 けいはんしちじょう station is announced as\nNanajou ななじょう on city buses.",
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| 38954 | 38957 | 38957 |
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"body": "Is `なんだと` [what]+[quoting particle] like `なんだと(言った). Is nanda being quoted?",
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"tags": [
"words",
"particle-と",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What exactly is なんだと?",
"view_count": 2313
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{
"body": "なんだと! means \"What!\" なんだと言った doesn't make sense. なんと(orなんて)言った? makes sense and\nit is translated as \"What did you say?\"",
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| 38958 | null | 38959 |
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"body": "I'm a bit confuse while trying to read a few sentences.\n\n 1. **離れて見る** と、彼は実際よりずっと若く見える。(離れる + 見る）(I understand the first phrase mean \"from distance view\")\n\n 2. 相手の名前をなかなか思い出すことが **できなくて困った** (this is either \"2 verbs link together \"できる + 困る or the \"て\" here mean \"when/because\" and not a modifier for \"困った\")\n\nSo i translate the 2nd sentence into this:\n\n=> It's troublesome **when** cannot remember your partner's name (i think this\none is correct) => It's cannot be trouble ... (this sound so wrong)\n\nI only learned that \"て\" mean \"when/because\" when you use it with a **comma**\nto separate 2 sentences.\n\neg: 事故が **あって** 、バスが遅れてしまいました。\n\nI feel like I'm missing somethings during my Japanese's studying progress.. Is\nthis a grammar structure or is there a way to call this type of combination ?\n\nThank you, sorry for my noobness !",
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"tags": [
"verbs",
"て-form"
],
"title": "2 verbs link together ?",
"view_count": 630
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{
"body": "The て form should be seen as a way of concatenating sentences in one whole\nsentence.\n\nInstead of saying\n\n> 事故がありました。そして、バスが遅れてしまいました。\n\nYou would connect those sentences in one, as in\n\n> 事故があって、バスが遅れてしまいました。\n\nIt can be generally seen as an \"and\".\n\nIn this example, it would be literally translated as\n\n> There was an accident and the bus was late.\n\nIn this case, it obviously shows a cause-to-effect connection, but this is not\nalways true.\n\nIn your example, I would say you could translate the sentence as\n\n> It was troublesome I could not recall my partner's name.\n\nSince you could literally translate it as\n\n> I could not recall my partner's name. And it was troublesome.",
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"body": "You can think of て as having 3 basic uses.\n\nThe first is to show **sequence**. A happens, then B, then C.\nご飯を食べて、シャワーを浴びて、寝ました。 _I ate my meal, then took a shower and then slept._\n\nThe second is to show **means, method**. A is used to do B. この机は、私が木を使って作りました。\n_As for this table, I made it by using wood._\n\nThe third is to show **reason**. 地震があって、大勢の人が死にました。 _Because an earthquake\nhappened, lots of people died._\n\n* * *\n\nPerhaps you could now think about how each of your two examples fits in with\none of the three usages of て.\n\nFor me, I think of it this way:\n\n離れて見る can be thought of as the second usage: _**Through/by** being at a\ndistance, I (or some other person) look(s) or see(s) something._ The method of\nseeing or viewing - the \"how\" - is by being far away.\n\n事故があって、バスが遅れてしまいました。can be thought of as the third usage: _The bus was late\n**because** an accident happened._ (note the nuance of regret or\ndisappointment that I can't really incorporate in the translation. This is\nbecause of てしまいました.) て in this case shows reason.\n\n* * *\n\nNote: the third usage of て, to show reason, is limited by at least two rules.\nWhen you construct a sentence with \"reason て result\", what follows the て must\nbe non-volitional (cannot be controlled / happens naturally). Furthermore, the\nreason must not happen after the result.\n\nFor example (edited with chocolate's suggested sentences):\n\n> X お[腹]{なか}が[空]{す}いていて、ケーキを二つ食べましょう。(volitional)\n>\n> O お腹が空いているので/から、ケーキを二つ食べましょう。(ので and から can take volition)\n>\n> O お腹が空いていて、ケーキを二つ食べ(てしまい)ました。/食べられました。(て with non-volition)\n>\n> X 友達があした来て、きょうはいそがしくなりました。 _Because my friend is coming tomorrow, today\n> became busy (became a busy day)._ My friend coming tomorrow happens,\n> chronologically speaking, after today became busy. Thus the sentence becomes\n> ungrammatical.\n>\n> O 友達があした来ます **から** 、きょうはいそがしくなりました。 _Because my friend is coming tomorrow,\n> today became busy (became a busy day)._ から is able to express a reason\n> happening after a result, so this sentence is acceptable.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T05:24:17.950",
"id": "38979",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"body": "> . . . できなくて困った\n>\n> 事故があって、バスが遅れてしまいました。\n\nIn each of these examples (above), a reason is given.\n\n-- like (5) and (6) below.\n\nSee: [What is the role of\nあるいて?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38564/what-is-the-role-\nof-%e3%81%82%e3%82%8b%e3%81%84%e3%81%a6/38582#38582)\n\n```\n\n (5) a. 公園でポピーに会って, ヒューはとても喜んだ｡ \n b. [Bumping into] Poppy in the park, [Hugh] was very pleased.\n Having bumped into ... , \n \n (6) a. 今日は土曜日で, ヒューは学校がある｡ \n b. Today being Saturday, [Hugh] has school.\n \n (7) a. 正直に言って, クーは太りすぎだ｡ \n b. Honestly speaking, Koo is overweight.\n \n```",
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| 38960 | null | 38979 |
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"body": "I appreciate that both 申込 and 応募 basically mean \"application\". Are there any\nsubtle differences, or nuances to consider when choosing which one to use? Is\none more formal than the other for example?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Are there any differences between 申込/申し込み and 応募?",
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{
"body": "```\n\n おうぼ【応募】とは。 ［名］(スル) 募集に応じること。「コンクールに― する」 「―者」 \n \n```\n\nSometimes 応募 and 公募 and 募集 seem to be used like synonyms, as in :\n\n> * 特にメディア業界の求人は人気が高いため、応募が出ていたとしても、すぐに締め切られてしまうことも多いようです。\n>\n> * 現在、次の仕事先を探しています。\n> たまたま以前から勤めたい企業の応募が出ていたので応募したいのですが、いつ、今の仕事を辞められるか分からないので・・・\n>\n>\n\n* * *\n\n申し込み is the action. -- You can do 申し込み (application) to a 応募 or 公募.\n\n> * iPhone・スマートフォンから応募に申し込む場合は、お問合せフォームに下記の内容を入力し、送信してください。 お名前; メールアドレス;\n> 電話番号; ご用件の種類; メッセージ. 後ほど、担当者より詳細についてご連絡を差し上げます。\n>\n> * メンバーズポイントを消費して、希望するアイテムの抽選応募に申し込むことができます。 厳選なる抽選の上、当選発表日に、当選者にのみ\n> ........\n>\n> * 友人と話し合った結果CD購入の応募に申し込むことなりました。\n>\n>\n\nI think 応募 suggests a possibility of being rejected, whereas 申し込み may not.\n\n応募 is more formal and less personal than 申し込み\n\nNet-searching hits\n\n * \"結婚プロポーズ\" ----> 約 67,900 件\n\n * \"結婚申し込み\" ----> 約 15,200 件 \n\n * \"結婚応募\" ----> 約 440 件\n\n>\n> [http://thejapanesepage.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=13920](http://thejapanesepage.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=13920)\n> 結婚, 決闘, and 議事録の閲覧 are not considered 募集, so you don't use 応募する.\n\nGreat point !",
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| 38962 | 39040 | 39040 |
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"body": "I am listening to a podcast for learning Japanese and there is a story about a\npenguin in a zoo.\n\n```\n\n 十分ぐらい前から ずっと おかしくて いきなり走り出しました\n From(since) 10 minutes ago it was acting strange, [then] it suddenly took off running\n \n```\n\nWhy is いきなり used here, when 走り出す is \"to suddenly start running\"? Or have I not\nunderstood いきなり / -出す?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Why is いきなり needed in this sentence with 走り出す?",
"view_count": 115
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{
"body": "It's possible to ゆっくり(と) 走り出す\n\n> maesar.seesaa.net/article/388831885.html -- 日本時間 金曜の試合だったか豪快な からぶりのあと\n> バットを短く持って左脇をしぼりこみ コンパクトに インパクトするような そんな仕草を見せた直後に 松井がヒットを打ったのは。\n> 今日のホームランは完璧だったな。 打った瞬間に入ったと ゆっくり走り出す松井は ...\n\nBook title: ゆっくりゆっくり歩きだす (ノベル倶楽部) | 渡辺 千代子 | 本 |\n\n「Verb－出す」 -- Usually [suddenly], but more importantly [unexpectedly] to the\nobserver. (or action that's spontaneous)\n\n歩き始める is more intentional than 歩き出す",
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| 38964 | null | 38967 |
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"body": "Two native speakers were chatting about what kinds of\n[風邪](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E9%82%AA) can be cured by 抗生物質\n(antibiotics). I linked to [an English-language\nstudy](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000247.pub3/abstract;jsessionid=A18730863C7DE3225B412242BAA11F32.f03t04)\nshowing that [common cold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold) can not\nbe cured by 抗生物質. To which their answer was that 風邪 is different from common\ncold:\n\n> 日本語の風邪という言葉はだいぶ意味がひろいような気がする。 \n> 風邪は病気の名前じゃなくて症状の総称みたいな感じだね。高熱、咳、鼻水、みたいな症状は全部風邪って言われる。\n\nSo, does 風邪 differ in scope from [the disease known as common\ncold](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D003139),\nand if yes, how?",
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"tags": [
"definitions"
],
"title": "Is 風邪 more than common cold?",
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{
"body": "Experts tend not to use the word 風邪 in serious documents in the first place,\nbecause there is no strict definition which they can rely on. Even Wikipedia\nsays \"医学的な（風邪の）定義は文献によって異なっている\". In clinical practice, a wide variety of\ndiseases cause cold-like symptoms, so physicians tend to use a bit vaguer but\nsafer terms such as かぜ症候群 (症候群 =\n[syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome)), 急性上気道炎 or 普通感冒.\n\nAccording to [The Japanese Respiratory\nSociety](http://www.jrs.or.jp/modules/citizen/index.php?content_id=2), most\n(but not all) かぜ症候群 cases are _viral_ , of course, and thus antibiotics are\nnot effective. But they say some of them are actually _bacterial_ , although\nantibiotics are still generally unnecessary anyway (unless complicated with\nsecondary infections and/or other diseases). Many Japanese articles (like\n[this\none](http://mainichi.jp/premier/health/articles/20151118/med/00m/010/002000c))\nacknowledge the existence of 細菌性の風邪 (\"bacterial 風邪\"). On the other hand, many\nEnglish sources (incl. Wikipedia, Mayo Clinic and WebMD) seem to say \"common\ncold\" is strictly viral, so Japanese 風邪 or かぜ症候群 may have a broader sense than\n\"common cold\".\n\nThat said, antibiotics are not necessary regardless of the type of\nmicroorganisms, so I agree with your attitude towards 風邪 :-) You can find tons\nof Japanese articles saying how improperly some Japanese people demand the\nprescription of antibiotics once they feel slightly sick.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T11:29:45.683",
"id": "38988",
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| 38965 | null | 38988 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Dictionary says both mean 'view', and when I google image both words, more or\nless the same comes up. What would the difference be? And if both share the\nsame meaning, which is more common in day to day speech?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-05T15:01:09.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38966",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 景色 and 見晴らし",
"view_count": 391
} | [
{
"body": "> yain.jp/i/景色 景色(けしき)の意味・由来・語源\n> 「景色」は平安時代には「気色」と書かれ、人の心の動きや自然の様子を表す語であった。それが鎌倉時代以降、「気色」は人の機嫌・顔色・意向などを表すときは「きそく」や「きしょく」と読まれ、一方、自然界の風景を表すときは\n> ...\n\nI thought maybe 景色 was from Chinese. I was wrong. but it's a word that seems\nmore packed with cultural history.\n\n> ｢見晴らしがいい｣ ｢眺めがいい｣\n> detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1367202823 2011年 ...\n> 一方｢眺めがいい｣は「景色が綺麗」という意味です。\n> だから｢見晴らしがいい｣は「視界が開けている・遠くまで見える」けど単調な野原しか見えないかも知れない。\n> 一方で｢眺めがいい｣は「視界はそれほど広くない」かも知れないけど、見えている ...\n\n｢見晴らしがいい｣ == You can see long distances (but it could be a boring view).\n\n良い景色 == I think this has more to do with the observer's subjective\nappreciation of the view.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-05T17:38:17.203",
"id": "38968",
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"body": "景色 focuses on the (beautiful) appearance of nature, whereas 見晴らし focuses on\nthe _wideness_ of a view.\n\n景色がいい simply means having a beautiful scenery.\n\n見晴らしがいい means having a wide range of view, blocked by nothing. ここは見晴らしが悪い\nmeans you cannot see many things from that point. For example, in military\ncontexts, a lookout post must have a good 見晴らし, but you don't have to be able\nto enjoy a great 景色.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T18:57:11.227",
"id": "38999",
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| 38966 | null | 38999 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38974",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do I ask questions like this? \"What is the counter word for umbrellas?\"\n\nHow do I give answers like this? \"The counter word for umbrellas is 本.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-05T20:48:17.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38971",
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"owner_user_id": "17763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"counters"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese word for \"counter\" and how do I ask questions with it?",
"view_count": 949
} | [
{
"body": "\"Counter\" \"counter word\" is [助数詞]{じょすうし}, but when you ask and respond to\n\"What is the counter word for XX?\" you'd usually say like...\n\n> 「傘は何で数えますか？」 \n> ( _lit._ Do you count umbrellas with what?) \n> --「（傘は）『本』で数えます。」\n>\n> 「傘はなんて/どうやって/どのように/どんなふうに/どういうふうに数えますか？」 \n> ( _lit._ How do you count umbrellas?) \n> --「（傘は）『一本、二本』と数えます。」\n>\n> 「傘の数え方は？」 (informal) \n> ( _lit._ The way of counting umbrellas is?) \n> --「（傘の数え方は、）『一本、二本』です。」\n\n(You _could_ ask 傘の助数詞は何ですか？ _lit._ \"What's the counter word of umbrellas?\",\nbut it's not very common to use the term 助数詞 in daily/normal conversation...)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T00:46:31.203",
"id": "38974",
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"score": 9
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{
"body": "The term people would use in ordinary conversation is [単位]{たんい｝ (unit of\nmeasurement).\n\n> 傘は何という単位で数えますか。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T07:09:37.343",
"id": "38984",
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| 38971 | 38974 | 38974 |
{
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"body": "The context is the headline of this news article:\n<http://www.rakumachi.jp/news/archives/148299>\n\n> これってどうなの？単に自己満足してる **だけでは** ？\n\nFrom the context it seems to me like perhaps an abbreviation of だけではないでしょうか。Is\nthat close?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T00:20:22.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38973",
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"owner_user_id": "10407",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does it mean to end a question with 「だけでは？」",
"view_count": 295
} | [
{
"body": "> これってどうなの？単に自己満足してるだけでは？\n\nI'd interpret it as\n\n... 単に自己満足してるだけではない？\n\n... 単に自己満足してるだけではないの？\n\nThe article later says: 家賃1万アップだと…180万の投資に対して回収するのに15年かかります。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T19:54:20.497",
"id": "39000",
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| 38973 | null | 39000 |
{
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"body": "I speculate that there might be some sort of spectrum of the honorifics to use\nfor manga-ka/anime directors.\n\nFor example, I think one might be able to get away with addressing younger,\nand more, for lack of a better word, lively, producers like Yamada-kun and the\nSeven Witches' Miki Yoshikawa and Hiro Mashima with -san. However, I feel that\n-san doesn't do justice for people like Hayao Miyazaki or Akira Toriyama, who\ncreated works that many of us regard as classics or masterpieces that have\ninfluenced other manga-ka/anime producers very heavily. And then there are\npeople I feel lie in between the two bounds like Eiichiro Oda and Masashi\nKishimoto, who are in their own right, very successful, but can't be cited for\nnearly as much influence as the aforementioned two.\n\nThat being said, under what Japanese honorific should manga/anime fans address\nmanga-ka/anime directors?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-05T22:28:19.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38976",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-06T04:30:03.147",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15914",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"culture",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Under what Japanese honorific should manga/anime fans address manga-ka/anime directors?",
"view_count": 1273
} | [
{
"body": "They are directors, and therefore can be referred to with -kantoku (監督,\ndirector) as a suffix in place of other honorifics.\n\nExample: Intro to [this\ninterview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwLJDPmfusg)\n\n> 1999年9月、もののけ姫の全米公開先立ち **宮崎監督** は北米大陸を旅することになりました。\n\n[Another example from an interview with someone directly addressing him as\n宮崎監督](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KL8Jo1d6DE).\n\nThis also works for people who are presidents of companies among other job-\nspecific titles. See [articles like\nthis](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/business_tokushu/2016_0720.html):\n\n> 巨額買収のねらいは「パラダイムシフト」という **孫正義社長** に聞きました",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T02:33:40.317",
"id": "38977",
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"body": "It's common to use the word 「先生」 for honorifically referring artists (incl.\nmanga and anime), as well as teachers and doctors.\n\nExample: [wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%8B%E7%95%99%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%90)\nあだちは、自身が少年誌にこだわる理由として「高橋 **先生** の存在が大きい」と述べている\n\nI have also heard this in 月刊少女野崎くん, and similar.\n\nYou can also use the word 監督 for anime directors, but I believe that 先生 is\nmore polite.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T05:54:24.910",
"id": "38981",
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| 38976 | null | 38977 |
{
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"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Japan, like most places, is full of dialects/topolects.\n\nWikipedia (<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Japan>) says\n\n> Tokyo dialect considered standard Japanese\n\nThe article doesn't get into how it came to be considered the standard though.\n\nHow was a Japanese 'common/standard language' chosen?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T04:35:29.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38978",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-06T05:06:17.267",
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"owner_user_id": "5518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"history",
"dialects"
],
"title": "How was a Japanese 'common/standard language' chosen?",
"view_count": 795
} | [
{
"body": "When the decision was taken to standardize the language (in the modern sense,\nas one of the \"requirements\" for a modern nation-state), Tokyo was the seat of\npolitical power, and had been for some centuries. That is the basic answer,\nalthough of course the devil is in the details (for example, overtly\nshitamachi features were generally dispreferred from the standard, even though\nif anything they have a stronger claim to be \"Tokyo Japanese\").\n\nThe standard was then spread to/enforced on the rest of Japan (and beyond, in\nthe colonial context) via the education system and bureaucracy.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T05:59:39.793",
"id": "38982",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-06T05:59:39.793",
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{
"body": "From these articles on Wikipedia:\n\n>\n> <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%9E#.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC>\n>\n>\n> <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80#.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E3.81.AE.E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80.E6.94.BF.E7.AD.96>\n\nIt seems that after the Meiji Restoration when power was shifted from Kyoto to\nEdo/Tokyo, the new government started making policy changes in education and\nthe military to unify national speech.\n\nThe article mentions a desire to avoid confusion in the military as men were\nbeing drafted from various regions with differing dialects as one motivation.\n\nSince the government was seated in Tokyo, it makes sense that the \"standard\ndialect\" promoted by the national government would be similar to the native\ndialect of that area.\n\n* * *\n\nPost-WW2 there has been no \"official\" dialect defined or designated by the\ngovernment.\n\n**However** , speech similar to what is common around Tokyo has become\n_tacitly_ recognized as \"standard\" by native speakers accross the country\nlargely due to the inherited influence of Meiji-era, Tokyo-centric culture and\nthe development of mass-media like newspapers, television and radio news\noutlets and publishers of educational material many of which have their own\nstandards.\n\nThe 文部科学省 has guidelines for some of this, but it's all related to writing as\nfar as I've seen. There are audio materials used in education, which I'm sure\nsome group of people is approving or rejecting, but I'm not very clear on\nthat.\n\nA good example of this might be NHK's 高校講座 (High School Courses). These are\ngovernment-supported, publicly broadcast programs that can be used in High\nSchool education. I would assume that the speech used in these programs is\nmoderated by the same people who moderate the rest of NHK's broadcasts, but\nwho _those_ people are influenced by is a good question as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T06:25:27.500",
"id": "38983",
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},
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"body": "There wasn't standard Japanese(標準語) before Meiji era. Japanese government\nwanted to make standard Japanese to make Japan modern nation at Meiji era and\nthey educated nations about standard Japanese modeled on 山の手言葉 as nations\nlanguage in compulsory education.\n\n山の手言葉 is mainly spoken by educated and middle-class people in the center of\nTokyo.\n\nThere aren't any government organizations which decide standard language at\nthe present day, so there isn't formally standard language but standard\nlanguage(標準語) means usually the language spoken in Tokyo.\n\nSources <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%9E>\n<http://japanese.hix05.com/Language_2/lang209.hyoujungo.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T07:10:43.227",
"id": "38985",
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| 38978 | null | 38982 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38993",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So in the question sentences:\n\n 1. 誰が盗んだのか \n 2. キミが選んだことだろう? \n\nIn (1.), I thought that the の there is seeking an explanation.\n\nBut I found another sentence (2.) and I know that こと can follow a verb and 物\ncan follow an adjective to talk about them like nouns. Both can be replaced by\nの.\n\nSo if the の in sentence (1.) is not seeking an explanation and makes 盗んだ into\na noun then what has the sentence become and how?\n\nIf the の is seeking an explanation then what has sentence (2.) become with\n選んだこと(event of choosing)?\n\nMore specifically, I am confused with the structure of the following : \n(subject + が + verb/adjective + の/物/こと+ か/question). \nPlease explain as detailed as possible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T07:37:46.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38986",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T12:54:41.243",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-07T12:54:41.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Is the の in this question seeking an explanation or changing the verb into a noun-like?",
"view_count": 195
} | [
{
"body": "> こと can follow a verb and 物 can follow an adjective to talk about them like\n> nouns.\n\nThis I think is not quite right. もの follows a verb (eg, 食べたもの = \"the thing I\nate\") all the time, and こと follows an adjective (eg, 悪いこと = \"an evil thing\")\nall the time. Basically もの is for tangible objects and こと is for intangible\nthings/ideas.\n\n * **君が盗んだのだろう?** : の in this sentence is so-called explanatory-no. I think の in this position (between a verb and だ/だろう/です/でしょう) is almost always explanatory の. \"You stole it, didn't you?\".\n * **君が盗んだんだろう?** : And such の can often be replaced by **ん** in speech. \"You stole it, didn't you?\"\n * **君が盗んだものだろう?** : This もの refers to the tangible thing which was stolen (e.g., a watch). \"This is something you stole, isn't it?\"\n * [×] **君が盗んだことだろう?** : This doesn't make much sense because こと refers to an intangible \"matter\", \"event\", \"situation\", etc. You cannot steal a situation.\n * **君が選んだのだろう?** : This の is explanatory-no. \"You decided it, didn't you?\"\n * **君が選んだんだろう?** : The same as above. \"You decided it, didn't you?\"\n * **君が選んだものだろう?** : This makes sense if you are talking about some tangible object (e.g., a watch) the listener selected among other options. \"It's something you decided on, isn't it?\"\n * **君が選んだことだろう?** : This makes sense if you are talking about someone's intangible decision (e.g., studying abroad, quitting a company). \"It's something you decided on, isn't it?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T15:05:41.553",
"id": "38993",
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| 38986 | 38993 | 38993 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "How would I say the following:\n\n> Can I continue studying Japanese?\n\nI was thinking something along the lines of\n\n> Watashi wa nihongo o narau no tsudukimasuka?\n\nIt's probably wrong, and I could use some help.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T10:39:56.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38987",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-06T11:53:33.713",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-06T11:44:59.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "17771",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "How to say 'Can I continue studying Japanese?'",
"view_count": 2488
} | [
{
"body": "There are three issues here.\n\n 1. ### Transitivity\n\n_tuduku_ (→ _tudukimasu_ ) is intransitive (\"to continue [of its own\naccord]\"). You need its transitive sibling _tudukeru_ \"to continue [sth.]\" (→\n_tudukemasu_ ).\n\n 2. ### Translation of \"Can/May I...\"\n\n\"Can/May I [verb]?\" is usually translated using ～てもいいですか _-te mo ii desu ka_ ,\nhere _tudukete mo ii desu ka_.\n\n 3. ### Grammar\n\n_nihongo wo narau no_ is a noun phrase, which should become the object of\n_tudukeru_. To make this grammatical you would need another particle _wo_ ,\ngiving _nihongo wo narau no **wo** tudukeru_. A way to avoid two _wo_ s in the\nsame sentence would be to substitute _narau no_ by _benkyō_ , for example.\n_nihongo no benkyō wo tudukeru_.\n\nPutting everything together, I would suggest\n\n> _nihongo no benkyō wo tudukete mo ii desu ka_\n\nas an improved version of your sentence.\n\nYou haven't given any context, so we can't determine whether this is a natural\nway of phrasing this question in your context.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T11:43:37.903",
"id": "38989",
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| 38987 | null | 38989 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38992",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "暖簾に腕押し \nnoren ni udeoshi \nnot worth doing \nwaste of effort\n\n才色兼備 \nsaishokukenbi \nbeing gifted with both intelligence and beauty\n\n白昼堂々 \nhakuchūdōdō \nopenly (unashamedly) in broad daylight\n\n虎視眈々 \nkoshitantan \nvigilantly with an opportunity to prey upon with an eagle eye\n\nIs there a site or list or something where one can find expressions like\nthese?\n\nAlso roughly how many are of these kind of expressions?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T14:04:45.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "38990",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-06T20:38:56.077",
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"yoji-jukugo"
],
"title": "About japanese special expressions",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": "Except the first, those words are called 四字熟語{よじじゅくご}. Some of those originate\nfrom Chinese idioms. Others are simple compositions of two usually 2-character\nwords. Since their origin is mostly Chinese, they are usually read as Onyomi\n(that's why the first word doesn't fall in this category).\n\nThere exist several online dictionaries for these 四字熟語, e.g. on\n<http://yoji.jitenon.jp/cat/yomi11.html> I was able to find 才色兼備. The sheer\namount suggests however to not learn them all like a simple vocabulary list.\nI'd suggest to learn them after witnessing native speakers using them.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T15:02:47.990",
"id": "38992",
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"body": "> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1279540217>\n>\n> 四字熟語は全部で何個ぐらいあるんでしょうか？\n>\n> 私の持っている四字熟語の辞書には、 ４０００語載っています。 漢字検定協会で発行しているものです。\n\nI thought 暖簾に腕押し was part of Iroha karuta, but i was wrong.\n\nIroha karuta includes “とうふにかすがい” and 「ぬかに釘」 which mean the same thing.\n\n> <http://iso-labo.com/labo/iroha.html>\n>\n> の 喉元過ぎれば熱さを忘れる 鑿（のみ）と言えば槌（つち） 野良の節句働き",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T17:55:25.320",
"id": "38997",
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| 38990 | 38992 | 38992 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38994",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have 2 older sisters. When talking to other people about them, do i refer to\nthem both as 姉 or do i refer to the younger one as 姉 and the older one as 姉上?\n\nThanks!\n\nP.S I thought this question would have already been asked, but couldn't find\nany. Even Google didn't have much on it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T14:48:27.203",
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"owner_user_id": "7872",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kinship-terms"
],
"title": "Multiple older siblings",
"view_count": 4034
} | [
{
"body": "姉上【あねうえ】 is a very old-fashioned honorific word for 姉. You would hear someone\nrespectfully addressing their older sister with 姉上 mostly in samurai dramas.\nBut you can never use it to distinguish your two sisters.\n\nTo distinguish your two older sisters, you can use **上【うえ】の姉【あね】** (older) and\n**下【した】の姉【あね】** (younger). If you had three older sisters, you can say 一番上の姉,\n真ん中の姉/2番目の姉, 一番下の姉/3番目の姉.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T15:12:51.080",
"id": "38994",
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{
"body": "In writing, you could write 長姉 and 次姉 (or 二姉) (and 三姉 or 末妹).\n\n> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1137003981>\n>\n> 一番下の弟妹から見て、一番上の兄姉を長兄・長姉と呼びますよね。\n> その次は次兄・次姉になると思うのですが、その次の兄姉はなんと呼ぶのでしょうか？三兄・三姉と呼ぶのでしょうか？\n> また逆に長兄・長姉から見て一番下の弟妹は、末弟・末妹と呼ぶことができますが、 .......",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T22:06:44.090",
"id": "39004",
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{
"body": "You could also use the following, if they happen to be the oldest and second\noldest sisters: \n長女(ちょうじょ): oldest sister \n次女 (じじょ): second oldest sister",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-14T05:48:54.650",
"id": "39983",
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| 38991 | 38994 | 38994 |
{
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"body": "Those two sentences mean the same right? Which one is the most common and what\ndifferent tones do they bring? Is there anytime one should be used instead of\nthe other one?\n\n危ないですから行かないでください。\n\n行かないでください、危ないですから。\n\nOne more thing, on the でください conjugation like in 行かないでください what's the で\nmeaning? I know the で particle for indicating where an action happens, so I\nguess it works in a different way here, right?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T15:19:31.307",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "でください conjugation",
"view_count": 538
} | [
{
"body": "Both are valid. It depends on what you want to put emphasis on.\n\nThe で in 行かない _で_ ください doesn't have a special meaning on it's own, it's just\nthe way that this form is conjugated. Look at\n[this](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7-naide/) for more info.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T16:35:41.603",
"id": "38996",
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"body": "According to\n[デジタル大辞泉「ないで」補説](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/162543/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7/),\nthe で could be the particle で or the continuative form of the auxiliary だ, or\nthe whole ないで could be a conjunctive particle, but practically speaking, you\ncan treat Verb+ないで as a te-form of Verb+ない* (Source:[アルク\n「動詞＋なくて」と「動詞＋ないで」の違いは？](http://www.alc.co.jp/jpn/article/faq/03/2.html)), like\nthis:\n\n> しないで + ください -- Please don't. \n> いかないで + ください -- Please don't go. \n> 見ないで + ほしい -- I don't want you to see. \n> 泣かないで + いい (≂泣かなくていい) -- You don't have to cry.\n\nCompare:\n\n> して + ください -- Please do. \n> 行って + ください -- Please go. \n> 見て + ほしい -- I want you to see. \n> 食べて + いい -- You may eat.\n\n*The te-form of Verb+ない is Verb+なくて. Verb+なくて and Verb+ないで are interchangeable in some usages, but not always. For example, you say 行か **ないで** ください, 行か **ないで** ほしい, 行か **なくて** はならない but not *行かなくてください, *行かなくてほしい, *行かないではならない.\n\n* * *\n\n> 危ないですから行かないでください。 \n> 行かないでください、危ないですから。\n\nYou'd use the former _normal_ word order in writing and formal speech. \nThe latter is only seen in rather casual speech. It can be like you're saying\nit hurriedly, or you decided to add the latter half while saying the first\nhalf.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T00:54:35.830",
"id": "39012",
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| 38995 | 38996 | 39012 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39005",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I mean the sense of the word used for education and lack of pressure in the\njob world.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T21:36:03.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39003",
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"owner_user_id": "17778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "does 'yutori' have kanji?",
"view_count": 257
} | [
{
"body": "Yutori 「ゆとり」 ( as in Sedai ゆとり世代 ) is always in Hiragana.\n\n. . . and actually there's no Kanji for ゆとり that we can use today.\n\n> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1495343994>\n>\n> * 明治期から昭和戦前期にかけての時代には、 ・「融通」 （二葉亭四迷ほか） ・「余裕」 （近松秋江ほか）\n> などの宛て字（※と申しますよりは、熟字訓）表記が用いられておりましたが（※『日本国語大辞典』ほかより）、 ...........\n>\n> * 実は「饒舌」の「饒」という字に「ゆとり」という訓読みがあります。（漢字必携一級参照）実際には字義よりの訓読みといったところでしょうか。\n>\n>\n\ndoes 'yutori' have kanji? -- I mean the sense of the word used for education\nand lack of pressure in the job world.\n\nThat's really well-put. Compact. Haiku-like.\n\nI can remember when 「ゆとり」 was such a positive word.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T22:14:54.200",
"id": "39005",
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| 39003 | 39005 | 39005 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39017",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 彼は、興奮して、もったいぶった顔つきをし **てはいる** が、内心の喜びを、上品ぶった冷静さの態度でかくそうとしていた。\n\nalso in the following sentence is the same てはいる used but with the humble\nequivalent おる if so why is it used in its passive form?\n\n> あいつの話など、一言も信じてはおられないでしょうな？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-06T22:41:48.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39006",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-29T19:27:33.957",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-29T19:27:33.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "17779",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "what does てはいる in this sentence mean?",
"view_count": 2411
} | [
{
"body": "している == Te-form for expressing current status -- [ is being ... ]\n\nIn the 1st sentence (してはいる), は is inserted to increase contrast with what\nfollows.\n\n> 彼は、興奮して、もったいぶった顔つきをしてはいるが、内心の喜びを、上品ぶった冷静さの態度でかくそうとしていた。\n\n[ He is appearing straight-faced BUT actually all excited inside. ]\n\nAlso grammatical without the は\n\n* * *\n\n> あいつの話など、一言も信じてはおられないでしょうな？\n\n[ You don't believe a word of his, do you? ]\n\nThis is not passive. Polite form. ( られ is used for both. )\n\n> あいつの話など、一言も信じておられないでしょうな？\n\nGrammatical without the は , but with it, there's more emphasis.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-06T23:09:48.573",
"id": "39007",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T00:04:13.230",
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{
"body": "> 彼は、興奮して、もったいぶった顔つきをして **は** いるが、内心の喜びを、上品ぶった冷静さの態度でかくそうとしていた。\n\nThis は is a plain contrast marker. He is もったいぶった顔つきをしている externally, but\n興奮している internally. One can also say \"もったいぶった顔つき **は** しているが\" in this context.\n\n> あいつの話など、一言も信じて **は** おられないでしょうな？\n\n * おる here is not humble, but a neutral and a bit dialectal equivalent of いる. And this れる is to form an honorific expression, not passive. So おられる is basically the same as いらっしゃる. See: [おる in honorific contexts](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26091/5010)\n * は appears far more often in negative sentences. See: [Why is the topic marker often used in negative statements (ではない, ～とは思わない)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/5010) In this sentence, this は is not really strongly contrastive, but is used to add an emphasis.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-07T02:47:58.623",
"id": "39017",
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| 39006 | 39017 | 39017 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39014",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have almost the complete definition of this sentence\n\n> いざゆけ七変化\n\nI'm using this website \"www.jisho.org\" to translate words that I still don't\nknow in Japanese.\n\nI'm aware that いざ is an adverb that translates to now, well or come(now) and\nthat 変化 translates to change when used as a verb but what I can't understand\non this sentence is this word ゆけ七 used in the sentence.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-07T00:39:51.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39011",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T02:18:03.810",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-07T02:18:03.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "17781",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"verbs"
],
"title": "I need some help with いざゆけ七変化",
"view_count": 315
} | [
{
"body": "\"Yuku\" is an archaic form of the verb \"iku\", to go, and \"yuke\" is the\nimperative, equivalent to \"ike\", meaning \"go\" as a direction or command.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T01:30:54.943",
"id": "39013",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T01:30:54.943",
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"body": "Oh, Babymetal song.\n\nいざゆけ is an old-fashioned way of saying \"Go!\"\n\nGo, as in [Go, Speed-racer] or いざ行けソラン\n\nいざ行けソラン/吉田亜矢, コロムビアゆりかご会 - 歌詞検索サービス 歌詞 ...\nwww.kget.jp/lyric/22550/いざ行けソラン_吉田亜矢,+コロムビアゆりかご会 バビューンと ソランが走る バビューンと ソランが駆ける\nじゃまなビルは とびこえろ 車は軽く 追いこそう バビューンと ソランが走る バビューンと ソランが駆. ..........\n\n> <https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%89%E5%8C%96-520919>\n>\n> 七変化 シチヘンゲ ------ しち‐へんげ【七変化】\n>\n> １ 変化舞踊の形式の一。7種の小品舞踊を組み合わせ、一人の俳優が連続して早変わりで踊り分けるもの。七化(ななば)け。→変化物(へんげもの)\n>\n> ２ ランタナの別名。\n>\n> ３ アジサイの別名。\n\nA fox was long believed to have magical morphing powers.\n\nA fox may take 7 forms, thus 【七変化】.\n\n[Henge], by iself, means Monster, or Ghost.\n\n> へんげ 【変化】 本来の姿を変えて現れること。その現れたもの。化物。妖怪(ようかい)。\n\n \n\n> <http://jisho.org/word/%E5%A4%89%E5%8C%96-1>\n>\n> へんげ 変化 ------- Noun, Suru verb -- 1. goblin; ghost; apparition; bugbear\n\nThis song lyrics don't seem to mean much. Just a collage of cute-sounding\nfragments.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-07T01:59:12.217",
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| 39011 | 39014 | 39013 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39016",
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"body": "I came across the sentence:\n\n> 先生、お聞きしたいことがあります **が** 。\n\nI would have thought that this would mean \"Teacher, there's something I want\nto ask you, **but** ...\" (が indicating an unfinished sentence), but the\nEnglish translation is simply put as\n\n> \"Teacher, there's something I want to ask you.\"\n\nIs this just something missing from the translation or does ～が here have a\ndifferent meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-07T02:23:03.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39015",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-28T01:48:54.323",
"last_edit_date": "2021-08-28T01:48:54.323",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of が as a sentence-ending particle here?",
"view_count": 7989
} | [
{
"body": "が is used in this way fairly often to act as a 'softener' by implying\nsomething like \"there's something I want to ask, but I don't know if it's\nokay/you're busy/etc\". It's just a way of making your question less\nimpressing/more polite.\n\nI suppose the reason why it's not often translated into English is that it\ndoesn't really carry the meaning of \"but\" explicitly, it's just a way of\nmaking the request softer. If you translated it with the \"but\" in an English\nsentence I wouldn't think it was because the person is just trying to be\npolite, but they actually have some real reservations about asking that\nquestion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T02:45:12.997",
"id": "39016",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T02:45:12.997",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "39015",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 39015 | 39016 | 39016 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39019",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across a few examples before, but never quite known what te-form\nused on its own means. I know that te-form used on its own can be an\nindication of omitted ～ください, but these examples do not seem to be that. For\nexample:\n\n> うん、アメリカで留学してみたいなと思ってね。\n\nDoes this mean 思っている with いる omitted? Or perhaps another subsidiary verb\nomitted?\n\nAlso another example is:\n\n> ディズニーランドに⾏ったんだけどさ、なんかさ、すごい込んでて…\n\nWhere I'd assume 込んでて is a contraction of 込んでいて, but what is then assumed to\nbe omitted after the final て?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T03:06:25.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39018",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T06:04:31.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "What does て-form used on its own mean?",
"view_count": 468
} | [
{
"body": "These are examples of the te-form to [denote a reason/cause](http://www.learn-\njapanese-adventure.com/te-form-cause-reason.html).\n\nThe first example sentence probably refers to something previously mentioned\nin the conversation, and explains the reason for that. For example:\n\n> 「英語の勉強を始めたの？」「うん、アメリカで留学してみたいなと思ってね。」 \n> \"You started learning English?\" \"Yeah, _coz_ I'm thinking of studying in\n> the USA.\"\n\nIn this example, 英語の勉強を始めた is the \"consequence\" part which could have followed\n思って. It's omitted because you don't have to say the same thing twice.\n\nThe second example sentence is simply incomplete (\"It was very crowded,\nso...\"). Maybe the conversation was interrupted for some reason. Maybe you're\njust missing the following part on the next page. Maybe the speaker was lazy\nand wanted to you to guess the rest of the sentence. It depends on the\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T03:40:09.377",
"id": "39019",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T06:04:31.973",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-07T06:04:31.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39018 | 39019 | 39019 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is a sentence said by a boy who talked to an officer.\n\nはてね 脱走未遂の罪は たしか二週間ほどぶちこまれっぱなしときいていたが まだ 十日 **やそこら** しかたっていねえじゃんか\n\nMy translation as following, please also help me correct it if I'm wrong.\n\nWell, I committed a crime of planning to escape from (in this case, a reformed\nschool) so I have to be punished by being left (in this case, a room of\nrepentance) for 2 weeks for sure, but it has not passed 10 days as yet.\n\nI'm not sure if it means \"or so\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T04:14:44.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39020",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T06:46:41.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「やそこら」mean?",
"view_count": 418
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, ～やそこら is a colloquial set phrase meaning \"～ or so\". This そこら is the same\nそこら in [そこら辺](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%93%E3%82%89%E8%BE%BA). You\ncan find many examples on [BCCWJ\nCorpus](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/).\n\nThis phrase tends to be used when the speaker thinks the number is small\n(\"only around ～\").\n\n> * 彼女は10歳やそこらの子供に見える。 (implying 10-years-old is very young)\n> * 500円やそこらの金で出来ることは限られている。 (implying 500 yen is small)\n>\n\nYour translation attempt is not literal, but you're on the right track.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T05:36:47.650",
"id": "39021",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T05:36:47.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39020",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "まだ 十日 や そこら しか たっていねえじゃんか\n\n> 接続詞「と」と「や」の違い <http://wingtrans.blog98.fc2.com/blog-entry-240.html>\n>\n> A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar この文法書には「や」が次のように定義されています。\n>\n> * 「や」“a coordinate conjunction that is used to list two or more items\n> (nouns or noun phrases) in an inexhaustive fashion” (p.536)\n>\n\n>\n> そして「と」の定義は以下の通りです。\n>\n> * 「と」“a particle which lists things exhaustively” (p.473)\n>\n\n>\n> 上記の定義を比較すれば、両者の主な違いは直ぐに分かりますね。\n\n----------------> inexhaustive vs. exhaustive\n\n「や」is more inexact, informal.\n\nI think ら in そこら is the same as in 我ら, われら 【我等】\n\nI wouldn't be too surprised to find the expression [ ... days and thereabouts\n] in Dickens and the like.\n\nFound it. Ok, [or] is more inexact, informal.\n\n> Barnaby Rudge, by Charles Dickens\n>\n> ocw.nust.na/gutenberg/9/1/917/917-h/files/relative.htm\n>\n> ...... His name was unknown, he had never been seen until within about eight\n> days or thereabouts, and was equally a ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T06:46:41.823",
"id": "39024",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T06:46:41.823",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39020",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
]
| 39020 | null | 39021 |
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