question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39324",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A person was talking about living near a particular mountain. I want to say:\n\n> I want to live near the mountains too\n\nwhere I mean mountains in general, not the specific one he is talking about.\nIf I say:\n\n> 私も山の近くに住みたい\n\nwill it sound like I want to live near his mountain? How do I make the\ndistinction? I thought explicitly making it plural might be one way:\n\n> 私も山たちの近くに住みたい\n\nDoes this work? Are their better/other ways?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T19:40:16.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39323",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T19:46:42.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"plurals"
],
"title": "Can you disambuguate a specific noun from a general noun with たち",
"view_count": 70
} | [
{
"body": "I think the pluralization of 山 is just 山. たち is reserved more for\npeople/animals unless you are personifying inanimate object/things. See: [this\nquestion.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25231/plural-form-\nwith-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A1-%E3%82%89?rq=1)\n\nYour sentence is fine to say that you want to live near mountains. If you\nwanted to express the particular mountain that the person was talking about\nyou could say for example:\n\n> 私も **その** 山の近くに住みたい",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T19:46:42.290",
"id": "39324",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T19:46:42.290",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "39323",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39323 | 39324 | 39324 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39345",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "That is, are counters (助数詞) an [open class of\nwords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speech#Open_and_closed_classes)?\n\nIf yes: Is there an example of a counter that was added recently (say, post-\nTaishō) and is now in current use by a community of speakers (i.e. not a\nsingle writer)?\n\nIf no: When did new counters stop popping up in the historical record (that\nis, when was the last period during which counter-words were an open class)?\nThere were precious few counter-words in Nara-period Old Japanese ( _-chi,\n-ri, -ka,_ \"pillar\" _-hashira_ for gods), and there's an awful lot now;\ntherefore the class must have been open at some period. The standard\nhypothesis seems to be that the Heian-era influx of Chinese influence expanded\nusage of counters (by influence of Chinese classifiers/measure-words); but did\nthey stop adding counters soon after, or did they keep expanding the set up\nuntil later periods?\n\nFor this question, I'm interested in grammatical counter-words like 個、匹、本、羽\netc. A counter-word doesn't just quantify general measures, as in \"3 kilos of\nflour/lettuce/uranium\" or \"3MB of data/bandwidth/free memory\"; it's also bound\nto specific sets of words, effectively dividing the lexicon into classes,\nwhich it counts in natural units (small animals are counted as 匹, except\nrabbits which are lumped with birds into 羽, while roundish objects are counted\nas 個, etc.). Counter-words are also distinct from nouns like ダウンロード in\n一万ダウンロード、 in that they can be used to count _different_ nouns in syntactically\n[anaphoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphora_\\(linguistics\\))\nconstructions like:\n\n * ３ **個** の **りんご** を食べた。\n * **ポケモン** は3 **匹** ゲットした。",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T21:30:30.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39325",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T16:26:18.150",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-20T13:11:44.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "622",
"owner_user_id": "622",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"history",
"counters",
"chinese",
"language-change"
],
"title": "Are Japanese counter words still being created?",
"view_count": 949
} | [
{
"body": "Short answer: **still an open class, especially for Sino-Japanese _(kango_ )\nand Western _(gairaigo)_ nouns, which can seamlessly be converted into\ncounters.** A “core” set is stable, but rarer, more specialized counters are\ncomparatively fluid.\n\nI was overlooking a large number of _gairaigo_ borrowings used for counting,\nsome of them used as true grammatical counter-words (thanks @H. Ha for\npointing this). One important example is セット, when used (among other things)\nfor set meals or sets of products sold together. A few real examples from\nTwitter:\n\n * > **定食2セット** くらい食べて欲しい\n\n * > みそ汁&ご飯も全てがパーフェクトなお味 \n> 調子に乗って **定食2セット** 食べちゃった=3\n\n * > 一人で入ったのに、 **お冷やとおしぼり** を２ **セット** 出された(；・∀・)\n\n(Detailed research on the uses and meaning of セット is available on\n[東条佳奈、『名詞型助数詞の用法 :\n準助数詞「セット」と「組」を中心に』](http://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/11094/51518/1/hnk27_109.pdf).)\n\nPamela Downing's _Numeral Classifier Systems: The Case of Japanese_ has more\ninformation. Downing's research was motivated by two conflicting studies:\n\n * Sanches, _Language acquisition and language change: Japanese numeral classifiers_ , 1997, found that young people are using _fewer_ counter-words, implying that the system is on its way out in modern culture.\n * But 見坊 Kenbō , 現代の助数詞 (in: [辞書を作る](http://www.tamagawa-up.jp/book/b28317.html)), 1976 found exactly the opposite: that not only existing counters were being adapted for new uses (such as 面 for sports arenas), but also new ones were being devised.\n\nAfter doing some detailed research on the functions of counters, Downing ends\nup cautiously siding with Kenbō, criticizing some of Sanches' methods. As\nshown by the discussion in the comments above, counter-words are surprisingly\ntricky to define, and are closely related to common nouns. What's more, many\ncounters are infrequent, and catch on to varying levels of acceptability and\nprescription (as shown by the popularity of 数え方 “how to count” manuals and the\nlike). Because of that, Downing says the class is \"permeable\", and may at any\ntime recruit nouns to be used as counters. She says there's a \"core set\" of\ncounters that are very frequent and stable in Japanese, and cross-\nlinguistically frequent in other classifier languages (that is, if a language\nhas counter-words, it probably features this set); the core includes counters\nfor generic inanimate objects ( _tsu_ ) distinct from people (人 _nin_ ), the\nbasic shapes (本、枚、個), and, secondarily, perhaps the most important\n\"kind\"-based classifiers (台、匹…）. To this basic set, any noun may be added as a\ncounter, depending on cultural considerations.\n\nKenbō says that native ( _yamato-kotoba_ ) counters have been stable from the\n20th century (at least?); but new Sino-Japanese ( _kango_ ) and Western (\n_gairaigo_ ) counters are still being added. (Sadly, Downing's report is\nlacking on concrete examples; if anyone has access to Kenbō, or some _kango_\nexamples, it would be appreciated).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T14:37:16.190",
"id": "39345",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T16:26:18.150",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-20T16:26:18.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "622",
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "39325",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39325 | 39345 | 39345 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm stuck with this odd word\n\n出身 alone means graduate but when i put it into this sentence どこの出身ですか what\ndoes it mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T22:32:44.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39327",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T11:25:40.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"definitions"
],
"title": "Confusion with word definition (出身)",
"view_count": 490
} | [
{
"body": "[出身](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%87%BA%E8%BA%AB) can refer to your alma\nmater or to where you were born. It can mean the noun \"graduate\" as in \"I am a\ngraduate of Harvard.\" but not the verb \"to graduate\".\n\nIn your sentence どこの出身ですか is likely asking the 2nd, but could also be asking,\n\"Which university are you a graduate of?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T22:44:16.527",
"id": "39328",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T22:44:16.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "39327",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "新明解国語辞典 published by Sanseido defines “出身” as\n“①その土地で生まれ、②或はその学校を卒業したという経歴があること – where sb. is born, or what school he or\nshe graduated from.”\n\nWe ask the birth place and the school he or she graduated from in the way as\n彼(彼女)はどこの出身ですか? when we are referring to the “出身” of the third party.\n\nBut we don’t ask “貴方はどこの出身ですか？” bluntly to the other party you are talking\nwith, because it’s very rude and sometimes embarrassing, when you ask what\nschool the other party finished, if he or she is not a university graduate.\n\nIn case you are asking the other “どこの出身ですか？- where are you from, ie, what\nprefecture are you from?, there’s no such problem because it’s a “neutral\nquestion.”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T11:25:40.023",
"id": "39343",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T11:25:40.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "39327",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39327 | null | 39328 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39330",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 教育実習の先生同士、帰る方向が同じなら一緒に帰る **ことくらいある** さ \n> If two student teachers' way home is in the same direction then going home\n> together .?.?\n\nI can't make any sense of the part in bold. Literally \"there is the extent of\ngoing home together\". Is there a general grammar pattern to learn here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T22:48:34.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39329",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T22:57:08.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "Understanding verb+ことくらいある",
"view_count": 261
} | [
{
"body": "Comes from the 3rd definition\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/63287/meaning/m0u/) and expresses the\nspeaker's disdain that they do not go home together despite the fact that\ntheir homes are in the same direction. Has the notion of that they should at\nleast be going home together.\n\nMaybe translated as:\n\n> Something like going home together is a given (is supposed to happen/occur)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T22:57:08.633",
"id": "39330",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T22:57:08.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "39329",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39329 | 39330 | 39330 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39333",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 弁護士の小倉秀夫は、 **掲示板上** で投稿が殺到することをフレーミング・炎上、 **ブログ上**\n> でコメントが殺到することをコメントスクラムと2つに分類している\n\nI wanted to know why 上 need to be used in these cases.\n\nCouldn't it be just 掲示板 and ブログ?\n\nAnd I also wanted to know if the reading is really じょう.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T00:57:30.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39331",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T01:26:24.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17956",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"readings",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Why 上 is being used in these cases? How do I read it?",
"view_count": 141
} | [
{
"body": "It's obvious that they stand for locative case instead of instrumental even\nwithout 上{じょう} here. In that sense, it's not necessary. But 上 makes it clear\nthat it's locative. In addition, it tends to be used when the location is\nvirtual one like newspaper or internet, and you are not only a reader but a\nspeaker.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T01:26:24.913",
"id": "39333",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T01:26:24.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "39331",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39331 | 39333 | 39333 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The phrase is:\n\n> あたしたちでつくっちゃえばいいんだよ、運命{うんめい}なんか。\n\nSo far from what I understand:\n\n * あたしたち is a feminine version of \"we\",\n\n * つく would be 作{つく}, which is \"to do something\"/\"make something\", I believe,\n\n * and ちゃう is \"to do something completely\".\n\nHowever, from that point on, I'm confused. I don't understand:\n\n 1. The usage of ばいいんだ\n 2. Why 運命なんか is placed at the end of the sentence. \n\nIf someone could help explain these two points to me, and/or the whole meaning\nof the sentence it would be much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T03:10:01.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39334",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-06T17:29:38.117",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-20T11:29:08.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "17958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"slang"
],
"title": "Could somebody explain what this phrase means?",
"view_count": 272
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, あたしたち for \"we\" and つく for \"[作]{つく}\".\n\nちゃう is the casual form of てしまう, whose meaning is to do completely.\n\nちゃう/てしまう involves feeling of \"solve the problem by making it completely done\"\nor \"we don't have be concerned with it anymore after it is completely done.\"\n\nIn your sentence, it can be inferred that the speakers are trying to solving\nsome problem by making [運命]{うんめい}.\n\nNext, the phrase ばいいんだ, ば is for supposition (\"if we did ...\") and いい is for\n\"good\" or \"OK.\" ん is the casual form of の, and のだ is for emphasis.\n\nSo its word-to-word meaning is like \"It would be OK if we did ...\". One of its\nbetter translation is: \"What we have to do is only to ...\"\n\nLastly, the reason 運命なんか is placed at the end is what we call [倒置法]{とうちほう}. As\nthe comment above says, it is not hard to understand since we sometimes do it\nin English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T04:46:08.103",
"id": "39336",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T04:46:08.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "39334",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39334 | null | 39336 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39339",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've seen 一度 used in ways that I'm not sure corresponds to the meaning \"once\".\nSpecifically, I mean when it is used adverbially without any particle\nattached. For instance this line:\n\n> 一度この農村で旅の準備をしましょう\n\nDoes it simply mean \"let's make travel preparations in this farming village\nonce\"? The \"once\" doesn't seem to be adding much, if that's the case. Going\noff the definitions [here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/12595/meaning/m0u/)\nand [here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/186059/meaning/m0u/) I don't see how\nelse I can understand it. Can someone shed some light on this?\n\n(Context: In the story I was reading a party of travelers had just arrived at\na town early in their journey and was looking to acquire any supplies they\nneeded then head off.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T05:39:53.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39338",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T05:51:03.840",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-10T05:51:03.840",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11112",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Does 一度 have any meanings besides \"once\"?",
"view_count": 805
} | [
{
"body": "Let me quote the dictionary entry you saw:\n\n> １ 1回。いっぺん。ひとたび。「―おいでください」「一生に―の体験」\n>\n> ２ （副詞的に用いて）いったん。ひとたび。もし。「―食べたら忘れられない味」→一度に\n\nIn this case, **いったん** (一旦) in 2 applies the best. Check the meaning of 一旦\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/13469/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%93/).\n\nI'd say \"for the time being\" here. \"for some time\" or \"for a while\" would also\nbe OK.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T05:48:18.827",
"id": "39339",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T05:55:08.910",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-20T05:55:08.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "17890",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "39338",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "On the link below 一度 can be interpreted as short for 少なくとも一度は which means \"at\nleast once\" \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/3543/meaning/m0u/%E4%B8%80%E5%BA%A6/>\n\nSo you could translate as: \n一度この農村で旅の準備をしましょう。 \nAt the very least, let's make travel preparations in this farming village.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T04:14:26.617",
"id": "39856",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T04:14:26.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39338",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39338 | 39339 | 39339 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My understanding is that it literally means \"that guy is like this\", but I\ndon't think I understand the connotation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T16:42:17.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39347",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T17:59:15.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17966",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does, or could, the phrase こんなヤツはこうだ！ mean?",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "> こんなヤツはこうだ！\n\nUsually, it'd mean something like 「こんなヤツはこうしてやる！」 _lit:_ \"To someone like\nthis, I'll do _this_!\" ( _this_ would usually be something unfavorable, such\nas hitting, punching, smacking, etc...) You'd use this kind of phrase when\ngiving someone お仕置き(a punishment).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T17:13:09.253",
"id": "39348",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T17:59:15.213",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-20T17:59:15.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39347",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39347 | null | 39348 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39350",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that 頭がおかしい means a strange peole, but would it be okay to say\n\"私は頭がおかしいですが\"? to meant \"I'm a bit weird\"? My instinct said that it is quite\nunnatural... \n \nOr is it one of the sentences below? \nA. \"私はちょっと変なけど。。。” \nB. \"私は特別な人です。。。” \nC. \"私はユニークです!\"\n\nThe sentence was meant to be used in a situation like this: \n\"I gotta warn you, **I'm a bit strange** _(different in a good/fun way)_!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T17:34:48.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39349",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T17:45:28.153",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to tell people that you are a bit different in Japanese?",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's probably weird to say that in either language (which just\nexemplifies your weird-ness ;) ).\n\nIn that case I think A is pretty good!\n\n> 私はちょっと変だけど。。。\n\nYou could also say:\n\n> 私は変人と言われるけど。。。\n>\n> ちょっと変わってるって言われるけど。。。\n>\n> 自分はちょっとズレてるっていうか。。。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T17:45:28.153",
"id": "39350",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T17:45:28.153",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "39349",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39349 | 39350 | 39350 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just wanted to know and I was wondering how many kanjis we learn in the\nmiddle school in Japan?\n\nこんにちは！さっき、そういえばとおもったんですが、中学校では漢字を何文字ぐらい習うんですか？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T20:27:32.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39352",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T13:26:15.973",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-20T20:32:42.157",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17967",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "How many Kanjis do we learn in middle school?",
"view_count": 1705
} | [
{
"body": "> <http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/3429282.html>\n>\n> 常用漢字は２千字程度と認識していますが、 . . .\n>\n> 文部科学省が定める、中学校学習指導要領に記載があります。 . . .\n>\n> つまり、小学校までで1千字、中学までで2000字弱と言うことですね。\n\n1-6th grade : 1000 Kanji's\n\nalmost 1000 more in the next 3 years of school.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T20:58:06.507",
"id": "39353",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T20:58:06.507",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39352",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "There is actually a list of kanjis students in Japanese schools learn per\nyear. You can find it here <http://kanjitisiki.com/tyugako/> or alternatively,\njust google 漢字リスト中学校 or whatever school respectively. But yes, around 1000\nkanjis in 3 years of middle school.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T13:26:15.973",
"id": "39394",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T13:26:15.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17996",
"parent_id": "39352",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39352 | null | 39353 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39356",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "みなさんこんにちは! :D\n\nCurrently, i'm reading Tae-Kim's big 'learn japanese' guide-thingy, and am\nstill vary much at the stage where im still learning to grasp the basic\nsentence structure/grammar.\n\nTo this end, while i still struggle alot, im good enough with the basics of\nnouns and adjectives to say/read vary simple things and be able to work out\nthe grammar.\n\nThe thing right now is that while its still confusing, i can at least grasp\nhow particles like は、が、も interact with nouns and adjectives, i can slowly work\nmy way through a sentence and come to understand its meaning.\n\nHowever, the above does not apply to verbs, in that while i do get what verbs\nare for, and kinda get the を particle. The exact nature of it, as well as\nverbs interactions with other particles/nouns, is something i still reach a\nconsistent loss at, having no clue as to what is being described.\n\nSo ya, basicly, given the following uses of (noun) and (verb), could someone\nexplain what exactly is being described in each case, what idea is being\nexpressed, in a vary general sense?\n\n(noun)(verb)\n\n(verb)(noun)\n\n(noun)を(verb)\n\n(noun)は(verb)\n\n(noun)が(verb)\n\nSo ya, hopefully ive managed to explain my current plight. I look forward to\nhopefully finding a answer to it.\n\nThankz! :D\n\nedit: Just to clarify. I dont care what exactly strings like 雨を来る literally\nmean, or if they make sense. Im asking what exactly the grammar itself is\ndescribing, regardless of the particular noun/verb used. The use of 雨 and 来る\nis arbitrary.\n\nedit: 雨 and 来る seem to be confusing people, so allow me to be a bit more\ndirect with (noun) and (verb) instead.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T22:14:46.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39354",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T01:50:01.070",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-21T01:09:33.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "17968",
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How do verbs interact with particles like は, が, も, を, etc",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "A Japanese verb (base form) is both present and future.\n\n * 雨来る ----- N does V. -- The rain comes.\n\n * 来る雨 ----- V-ing N. -- The coming rain.\n\n * 雨を来る ----- 雪を食べる is [Eat the snow.] (食べる vt. _vs._ vi. 来る)\n\n * 雨は来る ----- (The rain is coming.)\n\n * 雨が来る ----- (The rain is coming.)\n\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/blog/2005/02/05/the-difference-between-and/>\n\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Topic.2C_theme.2C_and_subject:_.E3.81.AF_wa_and_.E3.81.8C_ga>\n\n> Topic, theme, and subject: は wa and が ga\n>\n> The complex distinction between the so-called topic (は wa) and subject (が\n> ga) particles has been the theme of many doctoral dissertations and\n> scholarly disputes. The clause 象は鼻が長い zō-wa hana-ga nagai is well known for\n> appearing to contain two subjects. It does not simply mean \"the elephant's\n> nose is long\", as that can be translated as 象の鼻は長い zō-no hana-wa nagai.\n> Rather, a more literal translation would be\n```\n\n \"(speaking of) the elephant, its nose is long\".\n \n```\n\n> Two major scholarly surveys of Japanese linguistics in English, (Shibatani\n> 1990) and (Kuno 1973), clarify the distinction. To simplify matters, the\n> referents of wa and ga in this section are called the topic and subject\n> respectively, with the understanding that if either is absent, the\n> grammatical topic and subject may coincide.\n>\n> As an abstract and rough approximation, the difference between wa and ga is\n> a matter of focus: wa gives focus to the action of the sentence, i.e., to\n> the verb or adjective, whereas ga gives focus to the subject of the action.\n> However, a more useful description must proceed by enumerating uses of these\n> particles.\n>\n> However, when first being introduced to the subject and topic markers wa and\n> ga most are told that the difference between the two is simpler. The topic\n> marker, wa, is used to declare or to make a statement. The subject marker,\n> ga, is used for new information, or asking for new information.\n\n(Bad, wordy English. Typical Wikipedia style.)\n\n(For example, note the two 'However's in succession.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T01:23:49.573",
"id": "39356",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T01:50:01.070",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-21T01:50:01.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39354",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39354 | 39356 | 39356 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "<http://ameblo.jp/uncle-joke-joke/entry-11613818795.html> <-- This is a page\nmaking fun of \"This is a pen.\" and \"I am a boy.\"\n\nThese sentences have achieved legendary status. For example, see :\n\n> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13142319713> --\n> アニメ クレヨンしんちゃんで、風間くんが 「I am a boy. This is a pen.」 と繰り返し言っている回はなんと言う題名ですか？\n\n \n\n> riki-english.hatenablog.com/entry/2015/12/01/222707 -- 2015/12/01 -\n> その昔、中学校に入ったばかりの1年生は、 I am a boy. とか、 This is a pen.\n> とかいったような、いささかシュールなセンテンスから英語の勉強を始めたものでした。 今はもうこのような英文が授業で扱われることはまずありません。\n\nMy question is : what are the equivalent sentences for Jp learners ?\n\n( It's so common that most beginners encounter them, and/or the sentences seem\nso useless that it's funny. )",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T01:02:07.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39355",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-30T19:48:34.207",
"last_edit_date": "2021-08-30T19:48:34.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"learning",
"jokes"
],
"title": "\"This is a pen.\" and \"I am a boy.\" -- What are the equivalent sentences for Jp learners?",
"view_count": 889
} | [
{
"body": "The following may be one:\n\n> わたし は げんき です。\n\nOr perhaps the whole phrase:\n\n> はじめまして。わたしはnameです。どうぞよろしくおねがいします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T02:39:34.030",
"id": "39359",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T03:23:52.143",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-21T03:23:52.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "10795",
"parent_id": "39355",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Maybe its just me, but every Japanese class I've ever taken always had\n\"お名前は(insert name)です。” within the first week.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T07:43:55.157",
"id": "39362",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T07:43:55.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17697",
"parent_id": "39355",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The first things I ever learned (to speak), on the first day, were:\n\nおはよう・おはようございます\n\nA: すみません。 \nB: いいえ。\n\nA: 分かりますか？ \nB: ええ、分かります。\n\nThis was a number of years ago, so I'm only really sure about the above; but\nbased on my old textbooks, I think I also learned the below:\n\nThe first week I think I learned other things like 違います and します and 今日, 明日 and\nね and よ.\n\nBasically, I first learned affirming and negating (はい、いや等), a couple ritual\nexpressions (おはよう), distal style verbal conjugation, sentence particles, and a\ncouple other words I didn't quite understand at the time but soon learned were\nnominals.\n\nI don't think I learned 私 for a couple weeks (probably around the time I\nlearned about how to form nominal predicates).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-08T15:10:33.930",
"id": "61396",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-08T15:10:33.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27987",
"parent_id": "39355",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39355 | null | 39359 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39370",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have came across the below sentence from Nintendo 3DS instruction manual\nexplaining about restriction of using credit card.\n\nニンテンドーeショップ **など** で **の** クレジットカードの使用や、商品-サービスの購入 **など** を制限します。\n\n 1. For the first 「など」, I don't think it is necessary to put it in the sentence to be translated as 'place like...' or '....and other places' because Nintendo e-Shop is the only mentioned place where the card can be used. For the second 「など」, likewise, I don't see any other things other than goods and services mentioned in the sentence. Are the both particles 「など」really necessary to be put in the sentence?\n\n 2. For the particle 「の」, is it still grammatically correct if I omit it?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T02:08:53.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39357",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T17:37:17.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"particle-など"
],
"title": "Questions about particles 「など」 and 「の」",
"view_count": 393
} | [
{
"body": "Regarding your first question, I agree with nhahtdh that it's probably\nintended to include stores and services that might become available in the\nfuture.\n\nFor the second part of your question, I'd say it wouldn't sound natural if you\nomit it even though we'd understand what it means.\n\n*Just to make it simple, I'll remove `など` in this example.\n\nThe main part of the sentence is\n\n> [Something]を制限します。\n\nso, we want to have a noun that fits in the [Something] box, which would be\n\n> [Using credit cards at Nintendo eShop] や [purchasing items/services]\n\nLet's say we omit `の` and say `ニンテンドーeショップで クレジットカードの使用`, this sounds a little\nstrange to me because when I hear a sentence in this form, `[place]で`, I would\nexpect some kind of action/verb performed at the [place] after `[place]`. For\nexample,\n\n> [ニンテンドーeショップ]で クレジットカードを **利用する**\n>\n> [ニンテンドーeショップ]で 商品を **購入する**\n\nBut these sentences are a full sentence, not a noun. So, we make a little\nchange to them:\n\n> [ニンテンドーeショップ]で **の** クレジットカード **の利用**\n>\n> [ニンテンドーeショップ]で **の** 商品 **の購入**\n\nor it could be\n\n> [ニンテンドーeショップ]で クレジットカードを利用すること\n>\n> [ニンテンドーeショップ]で 商品を購入すること\n\nBut this may be slightly less formal.The first one would probably be used more\nin formal business documents like instruction manual.\n\nSo it's just some different ways to make a noun sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T17:37:17.207",
"id": "39370",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T17:37:17.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17476",
"parent_id": "39357",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39357 | 39370 | 39370 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39378",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I know スタンドプレイ is the action of showing off, but what does it mean in this\nsentence? Is it an action or an adjective?\n\n> スタンドプレイで己の望むままに生きる。\n\nMy attempt: \"He is an exhibitionist and he lives as he likes\".\n\nThere isn't much context, it's just a character being presented. Thank you for\nyour help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T04:40:13.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39360",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T07:22:16.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of スタンドプレイ in this sentence?",
"view_count": 402
} | [
{
"body": "In Japan, people who stand out are disliked. Because disturbing the team work.\nGrandstanding (スタンドプレー) means that \"selfish\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T11:33:25.140",
"id": "39367",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T11:33:25.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17923",
"parent_id": "39360",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Someone's motto (or short manifesto)\n\n> スタンドプレイで己の望むままに生きる。\n\nI will be showy and going my own way.\n\n>\n> [https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/スタンドプレイ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4)\n> -- スタンド・プレイは、異なる分野で2種類の意味で使われる。 スポーツ[編集].\n> 野球、バスケットボールなどの団体競技で、チームの勝利よりも個人が自身の成績を優先したり目立つことを目的にしたプレイ。 本来は grandstand\n> play / grand stand play で、英語圏 ...\n\nスタンド‐プレー １ スポーツなどで、観衆の拍手喝采(かっさい)をねらってする、はでなプレー。 ２ 自分を強く印象づけるための、目立つ行為。\n\nI'm trying to think ... who was the 1st such anime/manga character ?\n\nMaybe ... ( 矢吹ジョー or his rival 力石徹 ) or 番場蛮\n\n> 番場蛮がイラスト付きでわかる！ 「侍ジャイアンツ」に登場 バン・ババーン 概要 土佐出身の主人公。高校は中退している。\n> 目上の人に対しても丁寧語を使わない性格で、ギャグシーンがもっとも多い。 頭に血が上りやすく感情に任せて行動をしてしまう部分もあっ ...\n\n* * *\n\n> スタンドプレイで\n\nI think this is similar to スタンドプレイをして\n\nThis DE is tricky. DE is the Te-form of DA.\n\n> スタンドプレイで己の望むままに生きる。\n\nスタンドプレイで modifies 生きる。\n\nWhile being Stand-Play-ish, I'm going to live exactly/freely as I want.\n\nAlways being Stand-Play-ish, I'm going to live exactly/freely as I want.\n\nSee: <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/38582/16344>\n\n```\n\n (5) a. 公園でポピーに会って, ヒューはとても喜んだ｡ \n b. [Bumping into] Poppy in the park, [Hugh] was very pleased.\n Having bumped into ... , \n \n (6) a. 今日は土曜日で, ヒューは学校がある｡ \n b. Today being Saturday, [Hugh] has school.\n \n (7) a. 正直に言って, クーは太りすぎだ｡ \n b. Honestly speaking, Koo is overweight.\n \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T19:23:07.790",
"id": "39371",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T20:48:50.580",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39360",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "As you know, \"スタンドプレイ\" is Japanes English to mean \"playing to the grandstand.\"\nBut I take \"スタンドプレイで己の望むままに生きる\" as \"I live my own way by being self-\nassertive.\"\n\n\"スタンドプレイ\" is a noun, which can be verbalized as \"スタンドプレイをする.\" But \"スタンドプレイ\"\nhere refers to one's hehavior and attitude rather than action.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T23:40:16.320",
"id": "39378",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T07:22:16.920",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T07:22:16.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "39360",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39360 | 39378 | 39378 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39364",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How to say the following in a formal way?\n\n> I just wanted to check...\n\nIs it kind of like this:\n\n> 参考までに伺いたいんですが、新しい求人が出ましたか？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T08:20:05.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39363",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T08:33:13.280",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-21T08:32:29.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "17979",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say 'I just wanted to check...' formally?",
"view_count": 769
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation is almost perfect.\n\nThe better one is:\n\n> 参考までに伺いたい **の** ですが、新しい求人 **は** 出ましたか？\n\nFirst, in the phrase in question, using ん instead of の is not formal. Use の\nhere.\n\nAdditionally, in the latter part of the sentence, using は instead of が sounds\nnatural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T08:33:13.280",
"id": "39364",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T08:33:13.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "39363",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39363 | 39364 | 39364 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39418",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This question is in response to an answer given here\n\n[言っていた\nConjugation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/39318/%e8%a8%80%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%81%84%e3%81%9f-conjugation)\n\nIt is my understanding that ～ている in general is used to show that the state\nreached after the verb has been initiated is continuing. This manifests itself\nin English as the present progressive or the present perfect.\n\n> 帰っている ⇒ I returned and am currently in the state of having returned.\n>\n> 歩いている ⇒ I started to walk and am currently in the state of walking.\n\nLogically extending this understanding to ～ていた, I come up with it meaning that\nan action occurred in the past, it continued for a period, and then the state\nended.\n\n> 帰っていた ⇒ I returned, was in the state of having returned for a bit, and now I\n> am no longer in that state.\n>\n> 歩いていた ⇒ I started to walk, continued for a bit, and then stopped.\n\nBased on this understanding, I would have assumed that 死んでいた does not make\nsense as it would imply that the dead person is no longer in the state of\nbeing dead. However, the linked post includes 死んでいた (translated as \"He was\ndead\") as an example suggesting that it is perfectly acceptable. In English,\nstating \"He was dead\" really only makes sense if the discussion taking place\nis about the past. Therefore I reason as follows.\n\nConsider the following\n\n> 人A: 鈴木さんを知っていますか。 \n> 人B: 知っていました。\n>\n> vs.\n>\n> 人A: 鈴木さんを知っていましたか。 \n> 人B: 知っていました。\n>\n> vs.\n>\n> 人A: 鈴木さんを知っていましたか。 \n> 人B: 知っています。\n\nAre these conclusions correct. If not, would you please be kind enough to\nexplain my errors?\n\n 1. This states that Person B became acquainted with Suzuki at some point in the past but is currently not acquainted with him.\n\n 2. This states that Person B became acquainted with Suzuki at some point in the past and does not make any implication about the current state of his acquaintance.\n\n 3. This states that Person B became acquainted with Suzuki at some point in the past and is still currently acquainted with him.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T14:37:01.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39369",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T06:48:47.087",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Yet another question about ～ている",
"view_count": 589
} | [
{
"body": "> <http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/24asupekuto.html> この虫は死んでいます。\n\nThis insect is dead. ... is already dead. ... has died. ... had died.\n\nSo 死んでいた must be further back in time.\n\nwas dead, was already dead, had died, had recently/already died,\n\nbut it's possible that there is a complete overlap for possible uses.\n\n* * *\n\n1q. 鈴木さんを知っていますか。\n\n2q. 鈴木さんを知っていましたか。 ( Did you know ... ? )\n\n--- These questions can (could) mean the same thing.\n\nOne would not say 1q if he's dead or gone away.\n\nOne is more likely to say 2q if he's dead or gone away.\n\n> 1. This states that Person B became acquainted with Suzuki at some point\n> in the past but is currently not acquainted with him.\n>\n\nI agree.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T19:43:58.387",
"id": "39373",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T22:14:03.657",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-21T22:14:03.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39369",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> ～ている in general is used to show that the state reached after the verb has\n> been initiated is continuing\n\nThe (te-form) + いる structure always refers to state at a point in time. _The\nstructure_ doesn't say anything about continuing or not continuing. **The\n_verb_ , however, may describe an action that results in some particular\nstate. For these verbs, the final state is always used as the meaning for the\npresent tense of (te-form) + いる.**\n\nFor 帰っている, the end state involves being at the destination to which we were\nreturning. Another simple example could be 入っている, which describes the state of\nbeing within.\n\n[This wikipedia\nentry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_and_progressive_aspects#Japanese)\nclaims that it depends \"on the transitivity of the verb\". Intransitive verbs\nseem to be the most natural fit, but an intransitive verb isn't always\nresultative. For example, both 行く and 向かう are intransitive verbs, but 向かう\ndoesn't have a resultative state.\n\nBy choosing a similar word/phrasing that is lacking a resultative state (or\njust using a different structure), we can better convey a progressive meaning.\nSo, to demonstrate, here are a few different ways to work around the\nresultative meaning of 「彼は学校に行っている」 - \"He is at school\"\n\n * 彼は学校に行くところ - He is (in the middle of) going to school\n * 彼は学校に行く途中 - He is on the way to school\n * 彼は学校に向かっている - He is going (lit. heading towards) school\n\n(some of these borrowed from [here](http://www.jref.com/forum/threads/itte-\niru.32288/))\n\nNow, on to your other examples...(Note: This part is from my own intuition as\na _non-native_ speaker. I encourage any confirmation and/or corrections)\n\n> 人A: 鈴木さんを知っていますか。\n>\n> 人B: 知っていました。\n>\n> \"This states that Person B became acquainted with Suzuki at some point in\n> the past but is currently not acquainted with him.\"\n\nI would think Person B is saying she knew Suzuki and the rest is implied\nbecause of the context. That is, Person B seems to have intentionally changed\ntenses to avoid saying that they currently know Suzuki. If only Person B knows\nthat Suzuki is dead/no longer around, this also makes sense.\n\n> 人A: 鈴木さんを知っていましたか。\n>\n> 人B: 知っていました。\n>\n> \"This states that Person B became acquainted with Suzuki at some point in\n> the past and does not make any implication about the current state of his\n> acquaintance.\"\n\nPerson A is specifically asking if Person B knew her in the past (when is\nunclear). Person B confirms this (and doesn't say anything specific about the\ncurrent state). Of course, if they both met up with Suzuki and Person A\ninitiated this conversation right after Suzuki left, it wouldn't make any\nsense if Person B didn't know her anymore.\n\n> 人A: 鈴木さんを知っていましたか。\n>\n> 人B: 知っています。\n>\n> \"This states that Person B became acquainted with Suzuki at some point in\n> the past and is still currently acquainted with him.\"\n\nPerson A is again specifically asking if Person B knew her in the past. Person\nB replies with \"I know her\". Depending on the context of the conversation,\nthis could be an unnatural answer. I would imagine it would be okay if we\nagain assume that they both met up with Suzuki and Person A initiated this\nconversation right after Suzuki left. Or, Person B could know that Suzuki is\nstill around/alive, while Person A does not.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T15:57:42.313",
"id": "39401",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T17:01:52.220",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "2983",
"parent_id": "39369",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "When asked ～さんを知っていますか, you'd reply 知っています, not 知っていました.\n\nA: 鈴木さんを知っていますか。 \nB: 知っています。/ 知りません。\n\n* * *\n\nWhen asked ～さんを知っていましたか, you'd _normally_ reply 知っていました.\n\nA: 鈴木さんを知っていましたか。 \nB: 知っていました。/ 知りませんでした。*\n\n～さんを知っていましたか is usually said in the sense of\n～さんを[以前]{いぜん}から/[前]{まえ}から知っていましたか. You'd ask this when your interlocutor knows\nthat person already. For example, if an actor has become famous recently and\neverybody knows him now, then you might ask ～さんを知っていましたか？ \"Did you know him\n(before he became famous)?\" Or, you and your friend met 鈴木さん, and later that\nday you might ask your friend 鈴木さんを知ってたの？\"Did you know Suzuki-san (before we\nmet him today)?\" So I'd say the 知っていました(か) means #3 \"This states that Person B\nbecame acquainted with Suzuki at some point in the past and is still currently\nacquainted with him.\"\n\nYou'd also ask 知っていましたか or more casually 知ってた？ \"(It was new to me but) Did you\nknow that?\" when you've just heard something new to you and wonder if others\nalready knew it. (Compare: 知ってる？ \"You know what?\") For example, if you were\ntalking with your colleagues and one confessed 「俺、去年離婚したんだ。」 and left the\nroom, then another colleague would ask you 「知ってた！？」(← This actually happened\nto me... my colleague said it in Kansai-ben 「俺、去年離婚してん。」 though.)\n\n*知りませんでした (for the first person) means \"I didn't know (but I know now).\" When used for the third person it could have a different meaning.\n\n* * *\n\n> A: 鈴木さんを知っていましたか。 \n> B: 知っています。\n\nYou might also reply this way to mean 以前から知っています \"I have known him for a\nwhile.\" For example, some incident occurred in your town and your neighbor\n鈴木さん was involved in it, then you might ask your other neighbor 鈴木さんを知ってましたか\n\"Did you know Suzuki-san (before the incident)?\" and get a reply\nああ、(以前から)(よく)知ってますよ.\n\n* * *\n\nThe phrase 結婚していた \"~~ was married\" can be used to mean まだ結婚していた \"~~ was\n_still_ married (at some point in the past but is not married now)\" or\nもう/すでに結婚していた \"~~ was _already_ married (at some point in the past and is\nmarried now)\" or \"~~ had already been married before some point in the past\n(and may or may not be married now)\".\n\n死んでいた \"~~ was dead\" can just mean (その時)死んでいた \"~~ was dead (at some point in\nthe past)\", as in 私が調べたときには、確かに死んでいました。\"When I checked the body, the\nperson/animal etc. was surely dead\". It can also mean すでに/もう死んでいた \"~~ was\nalready dead (at some point in the past and is dead now)\" or \"~~ had already\ndied (before some point in the past)\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T05:23:40.800",
"id": "39418",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T06:48:47.087",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-26T06:48:47.087",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39369",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39369 | 39418 | 39418 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39384",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across this sentence as a bullet point on a manga character's info\nsheet. I think it may be alternatively written 「諜使いがヲタナリ」 since I gather\n「ヲタナリ」 means something like “otaku wannabe”, is that correct?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T21:17:49.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39375",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T07:25:39.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17989",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"slang"
],
"title": "What does 「諜づかいがオタナリ」 mean?",
"view_count": 137
} | [
{
"body": "言葉使いがヲタなり。\n\n * His language is Otaku-ish.\n\n * His speech-pattern is echt Otaku. -- <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/echt>\n\nなり。 is an old-fashioned form of the -DA ending.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-21T21:48:11.253",
"id": "39377",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T21:57:21.800",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-21T21:57:21.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39375",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Turns out I misread the handwriting -- I'm pretty sure @chocolate's suggestion\nof 「言葉づかいがキタナい」 is correct, meaning that the character is foul-mouthed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T07:25:39.617",
"id": "39384",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T07:25:39.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17989",
"parent_id": "39375",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39375 | 39384 | 39384 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "And there are examples:(新完全マスター文法N3より)\n\n１．医者にお酒を止められているが、ちょっと(。。。）いいだろう。\n\n 1. だけでは \n 2. だけでも\n 3. ぐらいなら\n 4. などなら\n\n２．一度会った（。。。）どんな人物かわからない。\n\n 1. ほどなら \n 2. ことでも \n 3. だけでも \n 4. だけでは\n\nどうしてその答えを選ぶのかも説明してくれませんか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T01:03:54.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39379",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-26T03:07:21.093",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T05:20:09.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ぐらい、ほど and だけ",
"view_count": 1096
} | [
{
"body": "ほど as much/to the extent of... アメリカではフットボールほど人気のあるスポーツはない (no sport is as\npopular as football in America)\n\nぐらい about/around 午前７時ぐらい起きます (I get up around 7am)\n\nだけ only それだけ大丈夫かなぁ？ (is it ok with only that?)\n\n--\n\n１。２ 医者にお酒を止められているが、ちょっと(。。。）いいだろう。 Even though (が）the doctor made me stop\ndrinking alcohol (医者にお酒を止められている), .... a bit is ok, right (ちょっと。。。いいだろう)?\n\nThe logical answer would be \"ONLY a bit is ok, right?\"\n\nSo だけ is used, and since it is contradicting the last clause of the sentence\n(she/he is going against the doctor's wishes), you use でも (but) instead of では.\n\n医者にお酒を止められているが、ちょっとだけでもいいだろう。\n\nThe doctor made me stop drinking alcohol, **but only** a little is fine,\nright?\n\n２。４ 一度会った（。。。）どんな人物かわからない\n\n(I) met (her/him) only once... What (どんな） sort of person （人物）he/she is, I\ndon't know.\n\nIn this case, it is because the subject ONLY met him/her once that she doesn't\nknow what type of person that is.\n\nSince (unlike the previous example) the first clause supports the following\none instead of going against it, I would use だけでは instead of だけでも。\n\n一度会っただけではどんな人物かわからない\n\nI **only** met him/her once, **so** what kind of person he/she is, I don't\nknow.\n\n:D",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T08:14:32.863",
"id": "39386",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T08:14:32.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17995",
"parent_id": "39379",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I'll try my best to answer.\n\n 1. だけでは is just begging to be completed with ...ない. So it doesn't quite fit there.\n\nThe も in だけでも is acting similarly to how さえ in the grammar pattern Xさえ...eば\nfunctions. So the も behaves somewhat like \"is enough for.\" For instance \"Just\nthinking about that is enough to make me feel embarrassed\" それを思い出すだけでも恥ずかしい or\neven better, \"just doing my normal school commute is enough to make me tired\"\n通学するだけでも疲れる。 I'd say it doesn't fit here because it's a bit strange in the\nsame way that it's strange to say \"a little is enough for being good.\"\n\nI don't even know what would have to possess someone to choose などなら.\n\n 2. Remember how I said that だけでは screams for ない? I would choose it based on that. Not sure how to disprove the other options (other than だけでも, where the same reasoning from the first question applies).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-26T02:24:07.213",
"id": "83895",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-26T03:07:21.093",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-26T03:07:21.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "38618",
"parent_id": "39379",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39379 | null | 39386 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[Other uses of the particle と:\nトンネルを抜けると雪国であった](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32407/16344)\n\n 1. 「国境の長いトンネルを抜けると雪国であった」\n\n抜ける looks like present (but we know it's past) -- What is the usual explantion\nfor this ?\n\n \n\n 2. 「国境の長いトンネルを抜けたら雪国であった」 <--- Here 抜けたら looks like past, but this must be an illusion, because ...\n\n「もう１０分くらいして、国境の長いトンネルを抜けたら窓を開けましょうね。」 <-- Here 抜けたら is talking about the\nfuture. Or is this \"past\" from the future vantage point?\n\n* * *\n\n相対テンス <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_and_absolute_tense>\n\nIf there is a super-clear, concise explanation, i'd like to see it.\n(preferably in Jp).\n\n<http://blog.livedoor.jp/robinsonrobin/archives/8036910.html>\n\n> <http://kamome.2ch.net/test/read.cgi/gengo/1291717138/>\n>\n> 152 ：名無し象は鼻がウナギだ！：2011 >>150 日本語の時制は相対テンスなので、複文では、従属節が主節に対して前の出来事か後の出来事かで\n> 従属節の動詞を過去にしたり非過去にしたりする。（英語は絶対テンスなので、現在から見て前か後かで時制を使い分ける）\n\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39644/16344> [ the difference between 行く\nand 行った in Japanese is not a difference of \"tense\"（時制）, it is a difference of\n\"aspect\"（相）.] <<<----- That's kind-of an eye-opening statement. Is that well-\nexplained in a past Jp.SE post, or in a convenient Web page ? (I prefer a Jp\nWeb page)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T01:37:28.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39380",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T03:27:55.563",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"tense",
"past",
"future",
"literature",
"relative-tense"
],
"title": "past / future -- \"抜けたら\" -- 「国境の長いトンネルを抜けると雪国であった」",
"view_count": 191
} | [
{
"body": "The expression of 日本へ行く前に has all possiblities of past, present and future.\n\n> future:日本へ行く前におみやげを買った。これから日本へ行きます。\n>\n> present:日本へ行く前におみやげを買った。いま飛行機に乗っています。\n>\n> past:日本へ行く前におみやげを買った。だからこれをあなた(日本の友達)にあげます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-04T08:13:01.413",
"id": "39657",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T08:13:01.413",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "13619",
"parent_id": "39380",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "抜けたら has nothing to do with past tense.\n\nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 452: \n\"たら is a subordinate conjunction which indicates that the action/state\nexpressed by the main clause in a sentence takes place after the action/state\nexpressed by the subordinate clause.\"\n\nExamples: \n山田さんが来たら、私は帰る。 \nIf Mr. Yamada comes, I will go home.\n\nIn the example above, 来たら is not past tense, it is talking about the future.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T03:27:55.563",
"id": "39855",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T03:27:55.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39380",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39380 | null | 39657 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm working on noun modifying clauses so this sentence is a little basic.\nHowever would `から` be the appropriate word to use to express that I have\nbought something from a particular place. Where would it go in this sentence:\n\n> これは、私が毎日コーヒーを買う、きっさてんです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T07:49:12.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39385",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T14:54:52.337",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T14:54:52.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17709",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"relative-clauses",
"modification"
],
"title": "How to say where you buy something from",
"view_count": 745
} | [
{
"body": "You can't use から in your sentence これは、私が毎日コーヒーを買う、きっさてんです(This is a cafe where\nI buy a coffee everyday).\n\nIf you want to use から, you need to change the structure of the sentence like\n私は、この喫茶店から毎日コーヒーを買う(I buy a coffee everyday from this cafe). However this\nsentence is a bit unnatural and 喫茶店で is more natural. If you buy something\nfrom someone, から is used but で isn't used like 私は彼から本を買った(I bought a book from\nhim).\n\nThat is to say, で買う means \"buy at place\", から買う means \"buy from owner\", so I\nfeel 喫茶店から買う is a bit unnatural because 喫茶店 is a place.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T08:52:41.813",
"id": "39387",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T09:48:15.323",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T09:48:15.323",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "39385",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39385 | null | 39387 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you say:\n\n> A further ¥2000 will be added to your bill.\n\nIs it:\n\n> お会計に追加２０００円は付けられます。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T10:12:23.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39389",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T13:41:38.007",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T10:44:31.997",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "17979",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "How do you say 'to add to'?",
"view_count": 622
} | [
{
"body": "A further ¥2000 will be added to your bill. would usually be said as\nあと￥２０００かかります。 or more politely, お会計はあと¥2000かかります。\n\nSource : experience",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T13:41:38.007",
"id": "39397",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T13:41:38.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17996",
"parent_id": "39389",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39389 | null | 39397 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Japanese tenses seem very different from English. Please look at this\nsentence:\n\n> 考えている最中，電話がかけられました\n\nIf translated in English, it should be:\n\n> When I was thinking, the telephone rang\n\nI think the front part of this sentence should be 考えていた最中。\n\nHow should I deal with Japanese tense?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T10:45:11.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39390",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-10T09:51:58.243",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-23T05:15:13.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "15811",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"aspect"
],
"title": "A question regarding Japanese sentences with present tense clauses but a past tense main verb",
"view_count": 262
} | [
{
"body": "Now I'm NOT an expert, but in general Japanese either uses past-tense, or no\ntense at all/the tense being implied by the context.\n\nThis feels weird at first, but you'll get used to it.\n\nAlso don't try getting your sentences to sound right in English, Japanese is\nNOT English, and thus you must accept that good Japanese will often make for\nweird/bad English sentences.\n\nFor example, 食べる would mean 'eat' or 'to eat', in English. However Japanese is\nso context-based that this single verb could be an entire sentence, meaning\nsomething like 'i am eating', or 'she is eating', or even asking a question\n'are you eating?' simply due to context.\n\nHope this helped a tidbit lad! :D\n\nPS. It also doesn't mandate a distinction between singular and plural, in fact\nit lets you ignore a ton of stuff so long as the context implies it.\n\nPPS. Sorry if my answer is a tad 'messy' in its presentation, lol.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T23:04:08.473",
"id": "39411",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T23:23:55.440",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T23:23:55.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"parent_id": "39390",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "考えてい **る** makes sense because 考えている is _modifying_ 最中.\n\nQuestion: What kind of 最中 were you in? \nAnswer: 考えている最中",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T05:05:27.233",
"id": "39417",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-23T05:05:27.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "39390",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "[This answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/25378/10859), as shared in\ncomment, can be applied against this question too, I think.\n\nI was not really aware of how Japanese tense works, but every example in the\nanswer sounds plausible, at least for me.\n\nSo the short answer for this question would be: it's because in Japanese tense\nof a clause works relative against the main clause.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T08:54:46.667",
"id": "41619",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T08:54:46.667",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10859",
"parent_id": "39390",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39390 | null | 39417 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to my teacher, if you want to use 自動詞 to describe 名詞, you should\ntransform 自動詞 to た形, for example\n\n> 彼は優れた人。\n\nBut if I want to use the 辞書形 — e.g. 彼は優れる人です — is it meaningful? And can I do\nlike that?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T11:14:06.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39391",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T14:01:17.710",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T14:01:17.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "15811",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "How to use 自動詞 to describe 名詞?",
"view_count": 111
} | [
{
"body": "Essentially, by changing a verb to describe a noun, (or verb to adjective) it\nwould make more sense to use た形 to describe past tense. Since you are making a\nstatement to describe something, it would make more sense to use past tense\nsince the description is 'decided' or in the past? If you follow what I mean..\ne.g. 彼は優れた人 means he is excellent, but taken literally you can say it means he\n_has_ excelled.(since he _has_ excelled in the past, hence he is excellent).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T13:37:35.650",
"id": "39396",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T13:37:35.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17996",
"parent_id": "39391",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39391 | null | 39396 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a beginner and this word or particle or whatever it is has left me\ndumbfounded. Greatly appreciate if anyone can tell me what this is supposed to\nbe.\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T15:07:36.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39398",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-06T00:02:06.577",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-06T00:02:06.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "18001",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"particles",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "Can't find this handwritten kanji/kana?",
"view_count": 276
} | [
{
"body": "Do you have any other context for this character? As suggested in the comment\nabove, it looks like the hiragana character 「れ」. However, depending on the\ncontext, it could possibly be a handwritten version of 「水」. I have seen\ninstances where 水 written quickly ended up looking like れ (or [check Google\nImages for 水\n草書](https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1283&bih=909&q=%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%80%E8%8D%89%E6%9B%B8&oq=%E6%B0%B4%E3%80%80%E8%8D%89%E6%9B%B8&gs_l=img.3..0i30k1.1746.6067.0.6561.13.12.0.0.0.0.145.1117.7j5.12.0....0...1ac.1.64.img..5.8.764...0j0i4k1j0i4i37k1j0i4i24k1j0i8i30k1.GkSWx7A5Wgs)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T15:22:49.140",
"id": "39399",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T15:30:06.657",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T15:30:06.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "39398",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39398 | null | 39399 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39410",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "みなさんこんにちは! :D\n\nIs there a general means in 日本語 of describing something as being 'like'\nsomething, while not literally being said thing.\n\nIve been trying to practice by (struggling to) write notes on things by\npartially using 日本語, and in english class i ran into the problem of not\nknowing how to properly write 'she is a vary child LIKE character'.\n\nI normally just google these thīngs, but i aint been able to find a answer,\nthus i was wondering if y'all might be able to inform me on this.\n\nThanks! :D",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T19:39:30.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39403",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T10:09:26.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Describing something as 'child like', and not 'a child'",
"view_count": 1177
} | [
{
"body": "How about adding っぽい after the noun.\n\n> 子供っぽい = child-like/childish",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T19:44:45.413",
"id": "39404",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T19:44:45.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "39403",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "のように can be used when it's actually [literally being said thing.]\n\n♪ うす紅色（べにいろ）の シクラメンほど まぶしいものはない \n♪ 恋する時の 君のようです 木（こ）もれ陽（び）あびた 君を抱（いだ）けば 淋しささえも おきざりにして愛がいつのまにか 歩き始めました \n♪ 疲れを知らない子供のように 時が二人を追い越してゆく 呼び戻すことが ...\n\n> 疲れを知らない子供のように 時が二人を追い越してゆく\n\nHere, it's not [literally being that said thing].\n\nTime ( like children who don't get tired ) is overtaking ( and passing ) us.\n\nTime ( like children who don't know to get tired ) is overtaking ( and passing\n) us.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T19:59:49.193",
"id": "39405",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T19:59:49.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39403",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Many expressions in Japanese seem to come in threes. For this one, \"to be like\nor similar to something\", we also have three.\n\n * ～っぽい \nSimilar to the English _-ish_ ending, with possible negative overtones.\n\n * ～らしい \nSimilar to the English _-like_ or _-ly_ ending, with possible positive\novertones.\n\n * ～のように \nMuch as H. Ha describes. Probably the most neutral in terms of overtones.\n\nTo compare, English _childish_ carries negative implications, while\n_childlike_ is more positive. So too the English terms _mannish_ versus\n_manly_ , _womanish_ versus _womanly_ , etc. The neutral Japanese ～のように might\nbe closest to the English construction _like a ～_.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T22:39:46.947",
"id": "39410",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T22:41:23.813",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T22:41:23.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "39403",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "[This answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2401/1628) on the question\n[Contrasting っぽい、らしい、みたい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2391/1628) goes\ninto detail on the different nuances between っぽい、らしい and みたい.\n\nQuoting the part that is relevant for the current question:\n\n> * Modifier Xらしい roughly means \"fulfilling with ease the requirements for\n> X\", with a nuance of appropriateness or approval.\n> * Modifier Xっぽい roughly means \"strongly evidences the characteristics\n> associated with X\", with a nuance of inappropriateness or disapproval.\n> * Modifier みたい comes originally from 見たよう and it simply means \"appears to\n> be, looks like, acts like, seems like\". It does not require that the\n> information be obtained visually, though: 赤ちゃんみたいな鳴き声, etc. X みたいな Y carries\n> the implication that Y is not in the category of X.\n>\n\n>\n> Thus:\n>\n> * 女らしい would usually be applied to women, who are expected to be womanly,\n> and 女っぽい to men, who are not, or to women who the speaker judges to be\n> acting in a too stereotypically \"womanly\" way.\n>\n\n子供らしい would thus appear to be natural for childlike _children_ and 子供っぽい for\nchildish adults (or adolescents).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T06:19:02.257",
"id": "39541",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T10:09:26.390",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9270",
"parent_id": "39403",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39403 | 39410 | 39410 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> **なんと** 醜い私の声 **であることか。**\n\nI wanted to know the difference. Is it the nuance?\n\nCould someone explain it to me?\n\nThanks in advance! :]",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T20:30:18.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39406",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T17:48:51.287",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T22:03:37.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "18006",
"owner_user_id": "18006",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Why is this sentence like this なんと ～であることか and not like なんと ～でしょう?",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "Neither is used in real life. Only in stories, anime, theatre, etc.\n\nなんと醜い声であることか -- may be for an older reader. 19C classic for teenagers or\nadults. Heike or Konjaku translated into modern Jp.\n\nなんと醜い声でしょう -- may be for a younger reader. Under 10. [Snow White]\n\nThe former sounds more male. More formal.\n\n今遠い幸せな日々を思い出すのは、何と辛いことだろう。\n\nこれはなんて美しい花なんでしょう！」 --- This sounds more like translated from a Western\nlanguage. Grimm's tales, Le Petit Prince, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T22:28:50.347",
"id": "39409",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T22:28:50.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39406",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Simply なんと～(こと)でしょう is politer because でしょう is the polite form of だろう. It\nwould be used when the speaker is talking politely, i.e., using ～です/～ます. Folk\ntales for children are usually narrated in this tone.\n\nなんと～(こと)だろう is the non-polite equivalent, which is typically found in modern\nnovels targeted at adults.\n\nなんと～(こと)か is roughly the same as なんと～(こと)だろう, but it sounds a bit more\nliterary and stiff. I don't think it's archaic. [More examples\nhere](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kotoka).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T00:01:14.993",
"id": "39432",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T00:01:14.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39406",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "ことか is used to express strong surprise. \n<http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kotoka>\n\nでしょう is the polite form of だろう and is used to express probability. \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/46845/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86/>\n\nなんと醜い私の声であることか。 \nHow terrrible my voice is!\n\nなんと醜い私の声でしょう。 \nMy voice seems terrible, doesn't it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T17:48:51.287",
"id": "39848",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T17:48:51.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39406",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
]
| 39406 | null | 39432 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39408",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example:\n\n> さざいさんのスケジュールはどうですか？\n>\n> How is [the proposed time for] Sazai's (your) schedule?\n\nThe simple affirmation -- 「どうです」 -- seems wrong since 「どう」 is a question word.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T21:14:29.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39407",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-11T05:28:05.570",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-23T07:53:37.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "17763",
"owner_user_id": "17763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How does one affirm an appointment offered with 「どうですか？」?",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "「ＯＫです。」 \n「それで良いです。」 \n「それで都合が良いです。」 \n「空いてます。大丈夫です。」 （あいてます） ×開いて\n\n* * *\n\nFor NO : 「いやー、残念なんですが・・・」 「あの、ちょっと都合が・・・」 「駄目です。」 「埋まってます。」 「もう決まってます。」\n........ When younger folks say 「ビミョー」（微妙）, it usually means No.\n\n「大丈夫です。」 (by itself) has become problematic. Younger folks sometimes use it to\nmean 「結構です」\n\n> 若者の「大丈夫」の使い方がおかしい … あなたは「大丈夫」？ 〈AERA〉｜dot ... dot.asahi.com › AERA\n>\n> 2016/02/19 - 何だ、また乱れる若者言葉か、と単純な話でもないようで……。 東京・銀座でバーを ...\n> 大丈夫じゃないらしい。ノー、の意味に使う若者が増えているというのだ。 ... 彼に任せておけば大丈夫だ」とか、転んだ人に「大丈夫ですか？」と声をかける\n> ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T21:59:36.727",
"id": "39408",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-11T05:28:05.570",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39407",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Judging from your question alone, I don't think it is a yes-or-no question.\n\nさざいさんのスケジュールはどうですか？ \nHow is your schedule?\n\nYou cannot answer that question with a yes or no. \nYou have to actually say when you are free.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T17:10:15.000",
"id": "39847",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T17:18:29.243",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-09T17:18:29.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "18157",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39407",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39407 | 39408 | 39408 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39419",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have exhausted google and my many dictionaries. I put \"host\" or \"to host\"\nand don't get the word I'm looking for. The sentence I am trying to say is\n\"are you hosting a new exchange student\" and I have no idea where to find the\ncorrect terminology. Does anyone know the correct way to approach this. I\nmaybe oversimplifying my search because there may not be an exact word\ntranslation. Anyone know how to approach this sentence. This was the closest I\nfound: 受皿となる",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T00:18:39.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39415",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-23T07:17:31.830",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-23T03:06:28.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "8098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "The word for \"to host someone\"",
"view_count": 1548
} | [
{
"body": "A big reason why the following (trans.google) result doesn't sound good is\nbecause the question ( \"Are you hosting a new exchange student?\" ) is usually\nasking about immediate future plans.\n\n> \"Are you hosting a new exchange student?\"\n\n(trans.google) 「あなたは、新しい交換留学生をホストしていますか？」 <-- This doesn't sound good. But\nactually, this is a correct, valid translation ...\n\n... because ホストする is used :\n\n * どうしてホストファミリーになるのか - ホームステイ 締切済 | 教えて！goo oshiete.goo.ne.jp › 学問・教育 › 留学 › ホームステイ \n私は留学生をホストするのは、それだけ魅力的なことだと思いますよ。\n\n * detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp › 暮らしと生活ガイド › 2012/02/07 - 日本語を話せない留学生を2週間ホストする場合、\n\n> <http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=host+student>\n>\n> host a foreign student === ホームステイの外国人学生を受け入れる\n\n* * *\n\n> お帰りなさい！ ......... 高校留学・10代留学の ...\n>\n> www.afs.or.jp › イベント＆ニュース\n>\n> 帰ってくると、ホストファミリーが家にAFSのスタッフや新しい交換留学生を招待し、とても温かい「お帰りなさいパーティー」を開いてくれました。\n> 今回、実に一年半ぶりに帰ったわけですが、私はまだ交換留学生であるかのような感じがしました。 みなさんがいつもの ...\n\nWilliam Colenso Collegeが新しい交換留学生を迎えました！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T01:02:17.777",
"id": "39416",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-23T01:14:17.727",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-23T01:14:17.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39415",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Unfortunately there is no easy translation of \"to host\". Depending on the\nobject, you have to choose an appropriate verb.\n\n * to host a conference/formal party: ～を主催する, ～を開催する\n * to host a casual party: ～をやる, ～を開く\n * to host someone (as a host family): ～を（ホストファミリーとして）受け入れる\n * to host someone (as a VIP), to entertain: ～をもてなす\n * to host a ceremony/TV progam: ～の司会をする\n * to host a website/software: ～をホストする\n\nActually, ～をホストする may be used by some people who are relatively good at\nEnglish in any of the contexts above, but I'm reluctant to introduce it as the\nfirst-choice.\n\n受け皿となる tends to be used with refugees, disaster victims and such, and it\ndoesn't sound like you host someone actively and willingly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T07:12:06.557",
"id": "39419",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-23T07:17:31.830",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-23T07:17:31.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39415",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39415 | 39419 | 39419 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What is the appropriate way to talk about your siblings when you have two\nolder brothers? 二人の兄 If I were to write about them how would I refer to them\nseperately? Would their names+honorific ie: (さん or ちゃん) be used? Or is there\nanother way to distinguish them in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T11:19:50.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39420",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-23T11:19:50.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17709",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kinship-terms"
],
"title": "Kinship terms for older siblings",
"view_count": 32
} | []
| 39420 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39578",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In my text book it says “`kimashita`” is the past form of “to come”.\n\nBut then in the textbook it says:\n\n```\n\n How long have you worked here?\n Koko de wa dorekurai hataraite kimashita ka?\n \n```\n\nHow does “`kimashita`” mean “`come`” in this context?\n\nIn this\n[question/answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/676/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%8F-and-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B) it says\nthat `-ていく (te iku)` and `-てくる (te kuru)` mean a change in state. That would\nexplain the use of **te** in hatarai **te** , but I am not sure how the\ninformation in that question/answer relates to the use of `kimashita` in the\nexample phrase (in the textbook kimashita is described as meaning the past\nform of `to come`. What does `came` having to do with `working`?)",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T12:52:11.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39421",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T08:43:52.010",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "In Japanese, what does the word \"kimashita\" mean and how does it work?",
"view_count": 21297
} | [
{
"body": "In Japanese, there is something called _a subsidiary verb_. Read this first:\n[What is a subsidiary verb?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010)\n\nA subsidiary verb is similar to English `have to` as in \"I have to swim\" and\n`be going to` as in \"I'm going to swim\". See how these `have` and `go` have\nlost their original meanings.\n\n来る (kuru) on its own means \"to come\", but as a subsidiary verb (i.e., after\nthe te-form of another verb), it means something different. As a subsidiary\nverb, くる (kuru) is usually written with hiragana, and it typically describes:\n\n * an action/state which has been kept/continued/repeated until now\n * a gradual state change over time up until now\n * a physical movement toward the speaker\n\nくる in 働いてくる (hataraite kuru) is used in the first sense above. In this case,\nyou can translate it either simply as \"have worked\", or explicitly as \"have\nkept working\".\n\nAnother example:\n\n> 試験に向けて、まじめに英語を勉強して **きた** 。 \n> Shiken ni mukete, majime ni eigo o benkyo shite **kita**. \n> Toward the examination, I have kept studying English seriously.\n\nKimashita is the past tense of kimasu, which is the polite (a.k.a. masu) form\nof kuru.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T08:20:40.303",
"id": "39578",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T08:20:40.303",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39421",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Sometimes -ていく (te iku) and -てくる (te kuru) express \"Aspect\" of time.\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect>\n\n-ていく (te iku) is from Present to Future. See: <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39413>\n\n-てくる (te kuru) is from Past to Present.\n\n> How long have you worked here? \n> Koko de wa dorekurai hataraite kimashita ka?\n\nHere きました has nothihg to do with physical movement, and it is 100% expressing\n\"Aspect\" of time.\n\n> ここでは、どれくらい働いてきましたか？\n\nThis question is asking: How long have you worked here (from Past to Present\nin time) to reach NOW ( this point in time ) ?\n\nBut the answer doesn't have to be specially-tailored for time. The question is\nno different from the usual [present perfect] form in English :\n\n> How long have you worked here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T08:36:39.077",
"id": "39579",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T08:43:52.010",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39421",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39421 | 39578 | 39578 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> . . . A perhaps pedantic comment: The idea that everything has a particle in\n> theory, which is either \"dropped\" or not, is actually relatively modern. In\n> earlier forms of Japanese, there were many cases where \"no particle\" was\n> most correct, particularly marking subjects and direct objects: 花咲く都,\n> 兎追いし彼の山, etc.\n>\n> Thus: (1) The modern \"use ALL the particles\" written style is not the Ideal\n> form from which particles are dropped, but an artificially hypercorrected\n> form;\n>\n> [from a comment by\n> Matt](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3151/what-are-the-\n> guidelines-of-omitting-particles#comment7168_3152)\n\nThat makes sense.\n\n(but then, the discrepancy between spoken & written language must have been\ngreat 1000 years ago.)\n\nWhen did we start wanting to put particles on everything?\n\nMost people today want Japanese to be so exact, like an artificial language --\npurging all possible ambiguities and illogical stuff.\n\n* * *\n\n(\"hypercorrection\" or overcompensation) -- See [Misplaced(?) に in\nたった4週間の間に毎日3Lの水を飲み続けた女性の変化がヤバすぎ！](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38590/16344)\nfor the over-zeal to put particles (助詞) resulting in insertion of に into\n4週間の間に making the sentence ungrammatical (2 examples).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T19:43:48.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39422",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-25T22:21:21.067",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-25T21:49:58.053",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"classical-japanese",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "Older Japanese had much fewer particles (助詞)? -- The modern \"use ALL the particles\" written style",
"view_count": 311
} | [
{
"body": "> When did we start wanting to put particles on everything ?\n\nIn the context of \"proper writing\" I think the push for _precision_ and\n_predictability_ is a common feature that many written languages take on as\nsociety gets more complex. The less ambiguity in written communication, the\nbetter - even at the expense of _utility_ and _aesthetics_.\n\nI believe that in Japan this thought would have **started** to gain real\ntraction **in the Meiji period** through the 言文一致運動 and would have **continued\non into the post-WW2 language reforms** as the country was being Westernized.\n\nThis would eventually lead to the, \"everything's gotta have a particle\"\nmentality that I think you're referring to.\n\nYou can see similar examples in Chinese with the national movement away from\n文話 towards 白話, and in German with their occasional Rechtschreibung (correct-\nwriting) reforms.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-21T03:37:05.337",
"id": "40193",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-25T22:21:21.067",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-25T22:21:21.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "39422",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39422 | null | 40193 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39426",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Consider this sentence:\n\n> 私は[大抵]{たいてい}朝{あさ}にコーヒーを飲{の}みます。\n\nUsually, I drink coffee in the morning.\n\nI am trying to understand how to use emphasis with this construct. In English,\nthis statement seems open-ended, if not ambiguous.\n\nI am trying to understand which of the following implied meanings is closest\nto the original sentence; otherwise how would I modify the original sentence\nto add the emphasis:\n\n * Usually, **morning is the only time** when I drink coffee.\n\n * Usually, I **don't drink anything other than** coffee in the morning. \n\n * I drink coffee in the morning usually, **but not everyday**.\n\nEDIT:\n\nThanks for the interesting answers so far. My synopsis of what has been\npresented:\n\nI surmise that 大抵朝に, owing to the に, describes an action as happening “in the\nusual morning”. This form sounds open-ended.\n\n(?) 大抵コーヒー: This construct doesn't make sense to me. 大抵 is an adverb, so it\nwouldn’t be correct to use it to qualify a noun/object.\n\nUse of しか:\n\nBased on some cursory searching, しか describes an amount of something, so it is\nnot analogous to \"only\" as used in this context; だけ should be used instead.\nBut, running with that meaning nevertheless:\n\nThe first one confuses me, since しか is a noun, not a particle like だけ.\n「私は大抵朝しかコーヒーを飲みません。」Does this mean \"I, in the usual morning, only drink\ncoffee.\", or, \"I, only in the morning usually, drink coffee.\"\n\n「私は大抵朝はコーヒーしか飲みません。」This form seems straightforward. \"Considering my usual\nmorning, it is coffee only that I drink.\"\n\nだけ seems to be the correct way of saying \"only\" in this context. Without 大抵, I\ncan say「私は朝だけコーヒーを飲みます。」, \"Morning is the only time I drink coffee.\"\n\nAs far as alternate adverbs, I understand that I can use ほとんど毎日 to state that\nthe action happens \"almost everyday\".\n\nI can also use 日課 to say \"coffee is a daily routine.\" But I don't understand\nthe grammar since its lacks the action. What sense does it make to say \"coffee\nis a [daily] routine.\"?\n\nThe use of different particles to tag 朝: I understand that に describes an\naction as happening in the morning. I understand that using は invokes\ncontrastive emphasis. What I am saying about drinking coffee only applies in\nthe morning, but not to any other time of day.\n\nが can be used to invoke exhaustive subject form; i.e. coffee is the preferred\nobject. 「私は大抵朝にコーヒーが飲みます。」\"In my usual morning, coffee is the only thing I\ndrink.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T20:23:16.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39423",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-13T23:01:30.150",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-13T23:01:30.150",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12372",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Emphasizing parts of sentence with 大抵 (たいてい, usually)",
"view_count": 1260
} | [
{
"body": "Though it depends on context, the following two are both possible as implied\nmeanings of the sentence [私は大抵朝にコーヒーを飲みます].\n\n> Usually, **morning is the only time** when I drink coffee.\n>\n> I drink coffee in the morning usually, **but not everyday**.\n\nWithout any context, the latter is more likely.\n\nThe difference can be explained as one of grammatical interpretation. In the\nformer case, [大抵] modifies [朝に]. In the latter one [大抵] modifies [飲みます].\n\nNot to be ambiguous, you can say:\n\n> 私は大抵朝 **しか** コーヒーを飲みません。\n>\n> Usually, morning is the only time when I drink coffee.\n>\n> 私は **ほとんど毎日** 朝にコーヒーを飲みます。\n>\n> I drink coffee in the morning usually, **but not everyday**.\n\nIf you want to say:\n\n> Usually, I **don't drink anything other than** coffee in the morning.\n\nYou can say:\n\n> 私は大抵朝 **は** コーヒー **しか** 飲みません。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T20:58:14.233",
"id": "39426",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T08:19:39.073",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "39423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The first and second translation sound right to me while the middle one\ndoesn't. Yes. The sentence,\n\n```\n\n 私は大抵朝にコーヒーを飲みます。\n \n```\n\nis ambiguous. If you need to be clear about what you mean, you can rewrite\nlike:\n\n```\n\n 私は大抵朝にだけコーヒーを飲みます。= Usually, morning in the only time when I drink coffee.\n \n 私は大抵の朝、コーヒーを飲みます。= I drink coffee in the morning usually, but not everyday.\n \n```\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T21:02:42.903",
"id": "39427",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-23T21:02:42.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17929",
"parent_id": "39423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "私は たいてい朝に コーヒーを飲みます。 -- (slight emphasis on ASA.) Since this is prob. the\ndefault position to put たいてい, there may be no emphasis on anything.\n\nTwo anwers so far have been good. I'd add :\n\n朝、たいていコーヒーを飲みます。 \n朝は、たいてい コーヒーを飲みます。 \n朝には、たいてい コーヒーを飲みます。 \n朝に たいていコーヒーを飲みます。 <---- emphasis on coffee. (it's coffee that i usually drink\nin the morning)\n\n朝には、たいてい コーヒーが日課です。 \n朝は、たいてい コーヒー２杯が日課です。 \n朝は、 コーヒー たいてい ２杯が日課です。\n\nコーヒーが好きで、毎朝 豆を挽いてドリップで入れ、妻と味わうのが日課です。\n\nFor even more emphasis, one can re-arrange the order of the phrases.\n\n* * *\n\n(Thank you for the question.)\n\nIn the morning, I usually drink 2 cups of coffee. \nIn the morning, I drink usually 2 cups of coffee. \nIn the morning, I drink 2 cups of usually coffee.\n\nI think たいてい is the same -- grammatically, it modifies the verb/predicate no\nmatter where you put it.\n\n> <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E8%A9%9E>\n>\n> 4. もっと上を探しなさい。(名詞を修飾)\n>\n\n( (もっと) (上を) ? )\n\nI don't think たいてい can modify a noun or NP, but i may be wrong.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T21:12:09.750",
"id": "39428",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T19:02:44.307",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39423 | 39426 | 39426 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What is the difference in meaning and usage between 母 (haha) and お母さん\n(okāsan)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T20:35:32.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39424",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T02:03:43.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18017",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "母 (haha) and お母さん (okāsan)",
"view_count": 9052
} | [
{
"body": "お母さん (okāsan) is more colloquial, and can be used as YOU (second person).\n\nThese answers seem good: <https://hinative.com/ja/questions/1826>\n\n> ex. お母さんは愛しているよ。 (mom says) I love you.\n\nGreat point. お母さん can be 1st person.\n\nor it can mean \"your mother\".\n\n* * *\n\nThanks for the note re: *[お母さんは愛しているよ。] not being natural Jp.\n\nIf Fujiko Hemming were a mother (or if Kuwata Keisuke was female and a mother)\n(or if 忌野 清志郎 were alive, and ...), she would say that.\n\n追記 ： たしかに *[お母さんは愛しているよ。] ってのは少し不自然なんだが、 きょうび日本全国で毎日 数百人（またはそれ以上）のお母さんが自分の子供に\n*[お母さんは愛しているよ。] と語りかけている、と想像するのは、それほど困難ではないでしょ。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T20:57:42.143",
"id": "39425",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T02:03:43.140",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-24T02:03:43.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Easy way to describe the difference is,\n\n```\n\n 母 (haha) = mother\n お母さん (okāsan) = mom\n \n```\n\nWhen a grown-up talks about his or her mom with someone else, it's funny to\nsay \"My mom is xxx.\" Well, it may not be so uncommon in English-speaking\nworld, but in Japan, unless you are in elementary school or younger, you are\nexpected to describe your mom as \"mother.\" It's simply more formal.\n\nLike H. Ha said, it's also possible that お母さん can be used by the person who\ndescribes herself. Though the sentence in the example,\n\n```\n\n お母さんは愛しているよ。\n \n```\n\ndoes not sound natural Japanese unless there are sentences before or after\nthis one.\n\nAnyway, there are several more ways to commonly describe \"mother,\" but these\ntwo are probably the most common ones.\n\nWhen you describe your mom, you'd want to use 母, while when you describe\nsomeone else's mother, you hardly say 母. You need to say,\n\n```\n\n \"あなたのお母さん\" or \"あなたのお母様\" = \"your mom\" \n \n```\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-23T21:18:23.220",
"id": "39429",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-23T23:44:21.693",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-23T23:44:21.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17929",
"parent_id": "39424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "母 and お母さん differs in the level of politeness the speaker uses to address\nsomeone and changes based on the situation. As rule of thumb 母 is humble and\nお母さん is respectful. So if your addressing your mother you would call her お母さん\non the other hand when talking about your mother with someone else calling her\nお母さん would come off as rude, so you call her 母, but would call the other\nperson's mother お母さん.\n\nIn general Japanese makes a great deal of linguistic distinctions based on the\nrelative social positions of the speaker and listener. You can check out more\nhere <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese>.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T00:54:28.363",
"id": "39433",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T01:08:41.100",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-24T01:08:41.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "17697",
"owner_user_id": "17697",
"parent_id": "39424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 39424 | null | 39433 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39436",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the equivalent expression to \"old wives tales\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T03:02:05.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39435",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T03:38:42.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What is the equivalent to old wives tales in Japanese",
"view_count": 681
} | [
{
"body": "The common translation seems to be:\n\n>\n> [くだらない迷信](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A0%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E8%BF%B7%E4%BF%A1)\n>\n> 1. absurd superstition (英和対訳)\n> 2. old wives' tale (英和対訳)\n> 3. 迷信 (和英辞典)\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T03:28:31.070",
"id": "39436",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T03:32:37.510",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-24T03:32:37.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"parent_id": "39435",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "To make sure, you are referring to\n[this](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_wives%27_tale), right?\n\nThere is an expression which looks similar (おばあちゃんの知恵; lit. \"wisdom of old\nwomen\"), but this has a _positive_ connotation in Japanese.\n\nThe kind of \"theories\" listed in the Wikipedia article is plainly referred to\nas:\n\n * 古【ふる】い迷信【めいしん】 (lit. \"old superstition\")\n * 俗説【ぞくせつ】 (lit. \"layman's theory\", usually implies scientifically false ones)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T03:38:42.937",
"id": "39437",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T03:38:42.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39435",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39435 | 39436 | 39436 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39516",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does 記 mean when is placed between different articles/paragraphs of a\n公正証書 (notarial document)? Here's an example: <https://goo.gl/yVYQe7> (I have\nomitted names and addresses for privacy). Thanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T04:29:27.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39438",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-27T06:14:58.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "What does 記 mean in a 公正証書 (notarial document)?",
"view_count": 623
} | [
{
"body": "That format is common in a less formal document or announcement -- for\nexample, company-wide fire drill in the following week.\n\n> <http://okwave.jp/qa/q2066314.html> --\n> 文書を作成するときに、挨拶や文書の主旨をまず書いて、その他の内容を箇条書きにするときに用いられる手法です。\n\n* * *\n\n> ……について、下記のとおり実施します。\n>\n> 記\n>\n> １. 日時 \n> ２. 場所 \n> ３. …\n\nMaybe this 記 means \"Note\" or \"N.B.\" or \"noted\" or \"hereby noted\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T20:58:09.127",
"id": "39504",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T21:05:20.890",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-26T21:05:20.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39438",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Well 大辞泉 has the definition\n\n> 文体の一。事実をしるすもの。\n\nfor 記. So it is just a writing style for indicating factual stuff.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T05:48:29.613",
"id": "39516",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T05:48:29.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17997",
"parent_id": "39438",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39438 | 39516 | 39504 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39491",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "In many textbooks, polite style speech is taught, which means です and ます\nendings are introduced, and used in many sentences.\n\nHowever, I have encountered sentences with omissions, for example sentences\nwhich omit verbs. They may also end with particles. I think this is done to\nintroduce vagueness, or simply to make the sentences shorter.\n\nIn what context do such omissions constitute not polite speech anymore, but\n**plain speech**? For example, in the drama [Meguri Ai, Episode\n8](https://youtu.be/mNOOEfpjuUM), there are some \"incomplete sentences\" that\nhave differing levels of politeness _(I have some context and sentences\nwritten here, but if more background is desired, the specific video segments\nare listed below - please visit<https://youtu.be/mNOOEfpjuUM>)_:\n\nVideo time: 02:35 - 03:30:\n\n> 社員： **おつり、いいから。** (plain)\n>\n> A boss (社長, name 修二) is in the back of a taxi with his subordinate (社員), and\n> the subordinate says this to the driver. Although polite forms were used\n> with the driver up until that sentence, I feel that this sentence is in\n> plain form as the subordinate feels superior to the driver due to a\n> perceived difference in social status.\n\nVideo time: 11:25 - 11:45:\n\n> 修二： **じゃあ、早稲田まで。** (polite) \n> 絵里（運転手）：この時間だと電車で行くほうが早いとおもいますけど。。。(polite) \n> 修二：いいんです。行ってください。 (polite)\n>\n> Apparently this sentence is still polite, according to my teacher. I am not\n> sure why, though.\n\nVideo time: 12:53 - 13:10:\n\n> 修二：そういうわけにはいかないんです。 (polite) \n> 絵里（運転手）： **どうして** ？ (plain) \n> 修二：そいつにだけは、幸せになってほしい **から** 。そうおもって２年前に別れた **から** 。(plain)\n\nEri (絵里) asks どうして, which apparently is in plain style, and Shuuji (修二)\nreplies in plain form with two occurrences of から without です.\n\nThere are many sources that state that [ending with から is\ninformal](http://yesjapan.com/YJ6/question/1190/would-you-say-kara-desu-or-\ndesu-kara). However, まで is another particle, yet ending with まで without です\n(second bolded sentence) seems to leave the polite style speech unaffected.\nAgain, どうして without です seems to be informal.\n\n* * *\n\n**When does omission make sentences casual / plain?** Examples would be\ngreatly appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T06:24:32.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39439",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T00:37:25.330",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-24T06:48:32.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"copula",
"formality"
],
"title": "When does omission of です constitute casual speech?",
"view_count": 2424
} | [
{
"body": "In the French language, when I meet someone, I decide whether I am going to\nuse the polite form or familiar form. I usually stick to one. I don't go\nswitching back and forth between them.\n\nIn Japanese, people often switch back and forth all the time. This is very\ntough to learn, but there is no logical way to really learn it other than just\nto get a lot of experience with the language. It's not just a simple matter of\npolite or familiar forms. I would say that each way of using polite or\ninformal speech has it's own feeling of a level of politeness or familiarity,\nand what is used may depend on the feeling that the speaker had at the time.\n\nIf you want to be strictly polite, always use \"desu\" and \"masu\". As with most\nlanguages, the risk you take is to come off as too stiff and alienate people\nwith whom you could have been more familiar. It's when you have human\nrelationships that fit into a certain gray area between formal and familiar\nwhere you see the most mixing of different levels of politeness/familiarity.\nExamples are the employee who is quite friendly with the boss and the sushi\nchef who is friendly with the customer.\n\n\"Masu\" for some reason is more stiff and formal sounding than \"desu\". I use\n\"desu\" (usually softened with a \"ne\") with people who I just met who are\naround my age, but never \"masu\". I only use \"masu\" when speaking to staff of a\nstore or people older than me whom I don't know.\n\n\"Karadesu\" sounds very stiff and formal for some reason. \"Desukara\" doesn't\nsound any more stiff than using \"desu\" in general.\n\nThese omissions are not to introduce vagueness. I do think that the way\nJapanese is generally used is slightly more vague than how English is usually\nused, but don't listen to a lot of the beginners who harp on about Japanese\nbeing too vague because they actually just don't understand it.\n\nAlso, in the specific example of \"じゃあ、早稲田まで,\" I don't know why, and maybe\nsomeone else can explain it, but adding \"desu\" would sound weird there.\n\nWhen you said \"I feel that this sentence is in plain form as the subordinate\nfeels superior to the driver due to a perceived difference in social status,\"\nI think you're overthinking that.\n\nAs I imagine you have read, leaving out the masu and desu and using the\nfamiliar forms of verbs is, well, the familiar way. Do this with your friends.\nOn occasion there are friends who use \"desu\" with me, but usually not. You\nmight see two Japanese friends using \"desu\" together almost all the time. I\ndon't pretend to understand it. I've never seen two friends using \"masu\"\ntogether.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T11:39:19.847",
"id": "39486",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T11:56:16.907",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-26T11:56:16.907",
"last_editor_user_id": "18041",
"owner_user_id": "18041",
"parent_id": "39439",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think じゃあ、早稲田まで isn't polite but plain. じゃあ、早稲田まで行ってください and じゃあ、早稲田までお願いします\nwould be polite.\n\nSentences without です, ます aren't polite, so the sentences that end with\nparticles like 早稲田まで, ほしいから, and 別れたから aren't polite. And どうして？ isn't polite\neither because it's without です, ます.\n\nI think omission of です, ます always makes sentences casual / plain.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T13:27:36.267",
"id": "39491",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T16:51:42.247",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-26T16:51:42.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "39439",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "It's because the terminal form of a sentence is shown.\n\nおつり、いいから is a ~~complete~~ sentence and nothing is omitted after it. (Even if\nthere is something, it's another sentence.) So you can tell it's plain.\n\nじゃあ、早稲田まで and ~~どうして~~ lack the verbs and uncertain if they are plain or\npolite.\n\nIn the case of そいつにだけは、幸せになってほしいから。そうおもって２年前に別れたから, it is a noun phrase hiding\nthe verb in the main clause だ or です i.e. \"(it's) because ...\" and you\ntechnically can't tell which it is. But it more often than not sounds omission\nfrom …から だ as is often the case with it, though there's a room to interpret it\notherwise.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T01:05:33.390",
"id": "39535",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T08:28:17.573",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-29T08:28:17.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "39439",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "To throw a few things out there. I think textbooks do the です/ます more for verb\nrecognition and conjugation flags than a specific emphasis on speaking polite\n(big blanket statement) and the concept of です/ます being polite and not using it\nbeing impolite is not a paradigm. 80% of your daily interactions in Japan are\nin standard Japanese (だ/る) so its of the utmost importance to internalize\nthose patterns IMHO. To address your direct questions - Ending a sentences in\nparticle or dropped verb - Normal and important. without that you would have\nto say a fully formed sentence. Consider this in daily life in English.\naさん\"When is the meeting?\" bさん \"at 2.\" here you are unlikely to reply with a\nfull and proper \"The meeting is at 2 o'clock\" Japanese has the same liberties\nto shorten the sentence up.\n\n * When to use です/ます and when not? It can take some time to learn to sense it but use it when \n\n1- don't yet know the persons social status\n\n2- if you are in service of the person(s). (where, the person just being older\nconstitutes them as sharing their life experience with you, thus in their\nservice)\n\n * When not... ask yourself, would you be that persons friend? if yes, drop the です/ます",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T04:56:54.977",
"id": "39560",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T04:56:54.977",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17841",
"parent_id": "39439",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "All the above answers seem accurate and helpful. But because none offer a\ndefinitive \"black and white\" rule, I think you can see that it often depends\non the situation, the people involved, and the interpersonal dynamic.\n\nIn the first example \"いいから\" the speaker could have said \"いいです\", especially if\nthe speaker was a woman. Or for both women and men, simply \"おつり、いい\". I put\nthis in the category of standard scripted phrases that everyone uses naturally\nto avoid unnecessary conversational overhead.\n\nFor example, say you go down to Akihabara and ask one of the guys in those\nlittle parts shops if they have 10-ohm resistors. Even though you're a\ncustomer, they may just respond by saying \"ない\" to let you know they don't have\nany in stock. Crisp, clear, no fuss. Go to a department store in Ginza and\nlook for a certain brand or model of a handbag or something, and the clerk\nwould probably say \"ございません\". Depends on the situation.\n\n\"早稲田まで\" fits that pattern too. Minimal verbiage to communicate the required\ninformation to initiate the transaction. \"早稲田までおねがいします\" would be fine too.\nAnd, \"早稲田までです\" wouldn't be strange either.\n\nBy the time you get to the 3rd example: \"どうして\" and \"、、、から” I think the 2\npeople, by virtue of having been sharing personal space together for a bit,\nare now falling into a more natural level of conversational exchange. Just\nreading it, I imagine that the driver is older than the passenger, so is\nadopting a somewhat fatherly tone. However, the passenger is still the\ncustomer (higher status) so the customer doesn't need to speak formally even\nthough the driver is an older person.\n\nIn sum... teaching です、ます in Japanese language classes is the right thing to\ndo, because it's always OK to be polite. However, being able to switch\nappropriately and knowing when it's OK to do so, is probably something that\nonly comes with time in Japan in a variety of social situations.\n\nGood luck!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T00:37:25.330",
"id": "39572",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T00:37:25.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15819",
"parent_id": "39439",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39439 | 39491 | 39491 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Apparently Japanese family names in most cases consist of two kanji. Do\nJapanese people associate a meaning with these?\n\nTake for example a name like 栗山. Is a Japanese speaker conscious about the\nfact that the kanji mean \"chestnut mountain\" or is it just the sounds put\ntogether without additional meaning?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T07:48:09.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39440",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T00:17:11.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11834",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names"
],
"title": "Meaning of family names",
"view_count": 212
} | [
{
"body": "It is compatible with English or German last names. Both cultures used last\nnames to tell the public what their family did or where they came from.\n(Though in this day and age its no longer used for this reasoning.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T00:17:11.567",
"id": "39457",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T00:17:11.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18030",
"parent_id": "39440",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39440 | null | 39457 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39445",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the phrase:\n\n> 先生が立ち去ると...\n\nwhy would you choose to use 立ち去る rather than just 去る? Is there a possible\nambiguity from using just 去る? Does it have a different nuance?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T10:12:42.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39442",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T16:28:13.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Implication of 立ち去る versus 去る",
"view_count": 326
} | [
{
"body": "* 立ち去る is to _walk_ away on foot from some place. If you get on a car or train immediately after saying goodbye to someone, that's not 立ち去る.\n * 去る has a broader sense, \"to leave\" in general. Depending on the context, it can mean something very strong, for example, quitting a company forever, parting with someone forever.\n\n立ち去る and 去る are probably interchangeable in your case, but when you describe\nsomething that can happen everyday, 立ち去る would sound a bit safer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T11:17:04.247",
"id": "39445",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T07:50:02.077",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T07:50:02.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39442",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary, 立ち去る means to actually get up and leave a place: \nたちさる【立（ち）去る】立ってその場所から去る \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/136997/meaning/m0u/%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%A1%E5%8E%BB%E3%82%8B/>\n\nSo the meaning is slightly different than just 去る (to leave).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T15:56:27.837",
"id": "39844",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T15:56:27.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39442",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39442 | 39445 | 39445 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39450",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading Disney's Aladdin to learn Japanese. Here is a portion at the\nstart:\n\n> 馬に乗って2人の男が、アラビアの砂漠のはずれで、約束の時間に、こっそりとあいました。\n\nTwo questions:\n\n 1. Just to confirm, はずれ means \"on the outskirts\", right? So they are meeting on the outskirts of the Arabian desert? \n\n 2. What is こっそりと？ I am suspecting it means \"secretly\" (こっそり)。But \"secretly\" being an adverb, why does it not use the particle \"に\", as in こっそりにあいました？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T10:18:20.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39444",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-28T08:55:05.487",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-28T08:55:05.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Why does こっそり not use the particle に?",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "meeting on the outskirts of the Arabian desert? --> Yes.\n\nこっそりと - secretly, surreptitiously, ...\n\n* * *\n\nre: -と versus -に -- I did some searching but can't find a page explaining it\n(except for the one in the comment).\n\n 1. [Noun]に --- 静かに ・ 端的に ・ 単刀直入に ・ 率直に ・ ストレートに · ....... when [Noun]だ is a 形容動詞 e.g. 「静かだ」「親切だ」\n\n 2. [onomatopoeia]と --- はっきり(と), ハキハキ(と), ・ ズバリ(と), ズバズバ(と), ・ ひっそり(と), ひそひそ(と), ・ こっそり(と), こそこそ(と), . . . \n\nWith some [onomatopoeia] both cases are possible :\n\n * [onomatopoeia]と -- 「星がピカピカと光る」 ピカピカ(と), ピカリ(と) -- ( usual description pattern / modifying the verb. ) \n\n * [onomatopoeia]に -- 「床をピカピカに磨く」-- the meaning is similar to 「床をピカピカに ( なるように / なるまで ) 磨く」 \n\n... 解凍時にべたべたになってしまった餃子の皮で ... フライパンにサラダ油を入れて餃子の皮をパリパリになるまで炒める。 -->\nパリパリになった餃子の皮\n\nジーパンを洗濯すると硬くてゴワゴワになるのですが ... うちの場合はゴワゴワになったタオルは掃除用になります） フワフワにするとなると必然 ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T16:36:11.147",
"id": "39450",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T18:20:26.917",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-24T18:20:26.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39444",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39444 | 39450 | 39450 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39447",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am a beginner in Japanese and learning Kanji through Anki (Kanji Damage\ndeck). I came across a word 助言{じょげん} while learning 言.\n\nI want to know from where does the 助 kanji come from?\n\nI searched for etymology and what I get is, 力 clearly stands for strength.\nWhile 且 stands for one of the two things, altar or erect penis.\n\nIf I go with the former origin for 且, does the Kanji mean, saving someone from\ndeath (altar symbolising death, saving someone from death using strength).\n\nAm I correct to interpret it that way? Or does the it have some other meaning?\n\nWhen I searched for etymology of 助 on\n[Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A9), it gives me:\n\n> Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zras): phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, >*ʔsa) +\n> semantic 力 (“strong arm”) – to help with one’s strength.\n\nWhen I searched for etymology of 助 on\n[ChineseEtymology](http://www.chineseetymology.org/CharacterEtymology.aspx?submitButton1=Etymology&characterInput=%E5%8A%A9),\nit gives something similar:\n\n> From strength 力 (to help with) and phonetic 且. Meaning to help.\n\nDoes this mean, \"saving\" as a spoken word borrowed sound from 且 and used usual\nsound for 力? If I am correct in assuming that, is this common?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T13:00:27.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39446",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-18T17:09:07.160",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-25T23:10:22.210",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"etymology",
"history"
],
"title": "What's the origin of 助 (saving)?",
"view_count": 429
} | [
{
"body": "Imagine you are an ancient Chinese scribe. You want to write the word \"to\nhelp, to assist\", which was something like _dzryo_ (modern Chinese _zhù_ ,\nJapanese _jo_ ). However, there's no character for it. You could create a new\none—perhaps a picture of a stick figure helping another; but that's kinda\nabstract and hard to depict as a drawing. Readers might interpret the new\ncharacter as \"friendship\" or \"embrace\" or \"hired work\" or a zillion other\nthings.\n\nSo you use a sound-based borrowing, or **rebus**. Where you want to write \"to\nhelp\", _dzryo_ , you draw the character for \"altar\", 且 _tsyo_ (modern _jù, cù_\n( _tsù_ ), Japanese _so_ ), because it sounds like \"to help\". This is just\nlike drawing a to write the word \"I\", or a tin can to write the verb \"can\".\nYour readers read it aloud and, in context, they know what you meant.\n\nYour notation is successful; so much that people start to write 且 meaning \"to\nhelp\" all the time. But now a new problem appears. Someone writes \"I need 且\",\nand it's not clear whether they mean helpers, or altars. Writing has grown\nambiguous. So you disambiguate it by the following device: whenever you mean\n\"to help\" you add the \"strength\" character—a biceps カ—besides it. Now you have\na composite \"multimedia\" character, so to speak. In 助、 the 且 part suggests the\nsound (\"something like _so_ \"), and the 力 part suggests the general meaning\n(\"has to do with strength\") = _jo_ \"to help\". This is called a **phono-\nsemantic compound** 形声文字{けいせいもじ}. The sound hint is called the \"phonetic\ncomponent\" or simply the \"phonetic\" 音符{おんぷ}. The meaning hint is called the\n\"semantic component\" 意符{いふ}.\n\nThis process was _extremely_ common, and the result is that most characters\nare phono-semantic compounds—up to 90% of them, by Karlgren's count (though\nmany sound-hints and meaning-hints have become obsolete, as words have changed\nsignificantly, and the shapes of the characters too).\n\nThat being said, in many cases the sound-hint works as a second meaning-hint,\ntoo. All of 包泡胞砲 are pronounced _hō_ , so clearly 包 was chosen as a phonetic.\nHowever, it's easy to imagine bubbles 泡 as water packages 水+包, cells 胞 as\nflesh packages 肉+包, (ancient) bullets 砲 as stone packages, etc. They could\nhave chosen any character pronounced _hō_ as the phonetic for those words; but\nthey appear to have chosen one whose meaning also made sense. This appears to\nbe relatively common (the technical term is \"meaning-combining phono-semantic\ncompound 会意形声文字{かいいけいせいもじ}).\n\nIs 助 a meaning-combining character? That is, did the person who created it aim\nat a semantic use of 且—perhaps thinking of ritual altar helpers, or something?\nOr was 且 a purely phonetic choice (which is also common)? The truth is,\n**nobody knows**. We have no documentation of their rationale; it's easy to\nspeculate semantic associations, but hard to find proof. This has been the\nsource of many bitter arguments among linguists. We're not even sure whether\nthe original meaning of 且 was really \"altar\", or their old pronunciations. The\nabove are current best informed guesses (my source for the reconstructed\nsounds is Baxter–Sargat's research).\n\nBut of course you are allowed to think of it as \"saving from altar death\", as\na mnemonic, if you find it helpful. Your mnemonics don't have to follow\nhistorical truth. Even in East Asia, many characters were reanalyzed at later\nperiods. For example, 東 \"East\" was originally built from 束 \"bundle\" for\nphonetic reasons; but nowadays most people interpret it as \"the sun 日 rising\nbehind a tree 木\", even in China and Japan. Whatever works for you—just be sure\nto distinguish easy-to-remember mnemonic stories from often-confusing actual\nhistory.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T14:04:40.607",
"id": "39447",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-18T17:09:07.160",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-18T17:09:07.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "622",
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "39446",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 39446 | 39447 | 39447 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39452",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In the following phrases, there is something like a \"compound verb\" (I really\ndon't know what you call them.)\n\nものすごい速さで飛び立ちました\n\n私の持ってきたかけらと\n\nWhat difference would it make if instead of 飛び立ちました we just say 飛びました？ Or 持った？\nIs it for emphasis only? Or it sounds more natural this way?\n\nLastly, is there a correct name to identify these kinds of \"double verbs\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T15:50:04.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39449",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T14:53:16.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Double/compound verbs?",
"view_count": 990
} | [
{
"body": "Without context\n\n> ものすごい速さで飛びました\n\nmight mean \" **flew** with incredible speed\" rather than \" **jumped up** with\nincredible speed\". The 立ち part makes it clear that some standing up is\ninvolved. As a non-native I don't know if this is a valid alternative.\n\nAs for the second sentence, 持ってくる = \"bring\", 持っていく = \"take away\", but 持つ is\nsimply \"to have/own\". So in this case I think the くる is essential.\n\nCompund verb is 複合動詞. I think the second example isn't really a compund verb\nthough. It's just two verbs joined with て形.\n\nYou can find a list of compound verbs and meanings\n[here](http://vvlexicon.ninjal.ac.jp/db/).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T17:39:21.917",
"id": "39452",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T17:39:21.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "39449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "As stated in the other answer, 飛び立つ is a compound verb (複合動詞), since the 飛び is\nin the continuative form (連用形).\n\n飛ぶ is just \"fly/jump\", while 飛び立つ is \"fly away\" or \"take off\". I think the 立つ\nadds the meaning of \"to leave\", rather than \"to stand\". (I don't know if the\n立つ has anything to do with [発]{た}つ, though.)\n\nI think the くる(来る) in 持ってくる is a subsidiary verb (補助動詞), since it's attached\nto a te-form verb. Other examples of て形 + 補助動詞:\n見ていく、見てみる、見ておく、見てくれる、見てもらう、見てあげる...\n\n持ってくる consists of 持つ \"to have/carry\" + 来る \"to come (here/this way)\", so it\nmeans \"bring here\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T00:56:41.300",
"id": "39458",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T03:53:50.300",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-25T03:53:50.300",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "飛び立つ is one single word, with its own entry in the dictionary: \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/54920/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%B3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A4/> \nEven though etymologically it is made up of 2 different verbs, grammatically\nit is just one word.\n\n飛び立つ means to \"to fly and go away\". \n飛ぶ means just \"to fly\". \nSo the meaning is slightly different.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T14:53:16.220",
"id": "39838",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T14:53:16.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39449",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39449 | 39452 | 39458 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39454",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "医者に薬をもらいました。\n\nI couldn't understand the meaning of に here.\n\nWould it be: \"I received the medicine from the doctor.\"?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T18:57:57.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39453",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T19:26:12.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "The meaning of the particle に in this sentence",
"view_count": 88
} | [
{
"body": "> <http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AB%20%23particle> \n> 5. by; from\n\nI had to look this up.\n\n医者から薬をもらいました。-- is more like English, but\n\n医者に薬をもらいました。-- is more characteristically Jp.\n\n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/166083/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AB/> \n> 10 受け身・使役の相手・対象を表す。「犬―かまれた」「巣箱を子供たち―作らせる」\n\nDog bit me. -- ( Doctor gave me. )\n\nI was bitten by the dog. -- ( I was given [ the drug ] by the doctor. )\n\n> <http://people.ucalgary.ca/~xyang/kobun/6-2-4.htm> \n> （八）受身・使役の相手を示す。「風―吹かれる」「友人に言わせる」\n\n[Something is] blown by the wind.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T19:18:54.867",
"id": "39454",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-24T19:26:12.387",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-24T19:26:12.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39453",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39453 | 39454 | 39454 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39461",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I still can't get my head around how I am supposed to place the counters.\n\nAccording to my textbook (which of course may have oversimplified some\nthings), there are two possibilities: _counter + の + noun_ OR _particle +\ncounter + verb_.\n\nBut what if there's no verb (only the optional copula です)? I'm specifically\ninterested in the construction te-verb + もいい(です).\n\nOf course most of the time I can just attach it to the noun\n\n> 何枚の写真を撮ってもいいですか - How many photos am I allowed to take? \n> 五枚だけの写真を撮ってもいいです - You're only allowed to take five photos.\n\nbut what if I can't, since there are no nouns?\n\n> 歌っても一回いいです (?) - I'm allowed to sing [it] once.\n\nIs the above sentence correct? Should I treat いい as a verb (similarly to 好き)?\nIf you know any resource explaining this in depth, linking it would be\nappreciated.\n\nBTW Feel free to correct my sentences. I've been only learning Japanese for 2\nmonths, so I expect there to be mistakes.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T21:51:36.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39455",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T02:03:35.390",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-24T22:07:16.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18026",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"syntax",
"counters"
],
"title": "てもいい + a counter?",
"view_count": 151
} | [
{
"body": "> 歌っても一回いいです (?) - I'm allowed to sing [it] once.\n\nThis is not grammatical. て(も)いい needs to follow a verb, so you'd say:\n\n> 一回歌ってもいいです。\n\nusing 一回 adverbially. Alternatively:\n\n> 一回だけ歌ってもいいです。 You're allowed to sing just once. \n> 一回だけなら歌ってもいいです。 You're allowed to sing if it's only once.\n\nWithout using the verb 歌う, you'd say:\n\n> 一回ならいいです。It's okay if it's once. \n> 一回だけならいいです。 It's okay if it's just once.\n\n* * *\n\n> 何枚の写真を撮ってもいいですか - How many photos am I allowed to take?\n\nThis looks okay. It might be a bit more natural to say:\n\n> 何枚写真を撮っていいですか。 \n> 写真を/写真は何枚撮っていいですか。\n\nusing 何枚 adverbially.\n\n> ５枚だけの写真を撮ってもいいです - You're only allowed to take five photos.\n\nThis doesn't sound natural. It'd be natural if you said:\n\n> ５枚だけ写真を撮ってもいいです。 \n> 写真を/写真は５枚だけ撮ってもいいです。\n\nwith no の, using ５枚だけ adverbially.\n\nAs a response to the question 何枚写真を撮ってもいいですか, you'd usually leave out 写真を and\nsay:\n\n> ５枚なら(撮っても)いいです。You can (take) if it's five. \n> ５枚だけなら(撮っても)いいです。 You can (take) if it's only five.\n\nor, using まで \"up to\":\n\n> ５枚までなら(撮っても)いいです。 You can (take) if it's up to five. \n> ５枚まで(撮っても)いいです。You can (take) up to five.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T02:03:35.390",
"id": "39461",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T02:03:35.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39455 | 39461 | 39461 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39464",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> この言葉はどういう意味ですか。\n>\n> これは「薬屋」という意味です。\n\nWhat would be a translation for the word どういう and the dialogue? I looked it up\non Jisho, but I just get more confused with its meanings.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-24T23:51:58.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39456",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T06:26:29.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "The word どういう in this dialogue",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "Google says : どういう == What kind of\n\n> What does this word mean?\n>\n> It means \"druggist\". (pharmacy)\n\nどういう == How + say --- (if you break it up)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T06:26:29.217",
"id": "39464",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T06:26:29.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39456",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39456 | 39464 | 39464 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39462",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "みなさんこんにちは! :D\n\nI've recently been learning about Japanese relativistic-clauses(it all makes\nsense now!!!).\n\nJust curious about something, if と can be used like 'and' or 'with', does the\nsame apply to this brand of clauses?\n\nWhen translating 'The man who bought milk and didn't buy gas went to bed.',\ncould you use と to bind the two clauses together before adding something like\n人 and the final clause?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T01:16:58.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39459",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T02:51:58.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Can 「と」be used with relative-clauses?",
"view_count": 111
} | [
{
"body": "No. Unlike English \"and/or\", case particle と is not a conjunction, which can\nconnect clauses as well as nouns. It works only when it's combined with a\nnoun.\n\nIn Japanese grammar, you need the verb in the modifying clause to be an\nattributive form, in short, する, した, やさしい and きれいだ are to be する, した, やさしい and\nきれい **な** respectively.\n\nSo, you can express your example as 牛乳を買った、ガソリンを買わなかった男は寝た. This is one form\nof solution. (Commas are optional.)\n\nHowever in practice, you will more often see the former verb is changed into\n買い (conjunctive form) or 買って (te form), which technically function as an\nadverb that modifies the latter 買わなかった and eventually can modify the 男 through\n買わなかった. i.e. 牛乳を買い、ガソリンを買わなかった男, which is the second solution.\n\nThe third solution is to use conjunctive particles like …が or …けれども. These\nparticles need to be used with a terminal form of verbs (する、した、やさしい、きれいだ).\ni.e. 牛乳は買ったがガソリンを買わなかった男\n\n(note: you can't use conjunctive particle …し in a modifying clause, in short,\nyou can say あの人はきれいだし、やさしい for \"S/he is beautiful and kind\" while you can't\nsay きれいだし やさしい人 for \"a beautiful and kind person\".)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T02:51:58.590",
"id": "39462",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T02:51:58.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "39459",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39459 | 39462 | 39462 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39465",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: property division between a couple that is divorcing. (Whole document\nis here: <https://goo.gl/yVYQe7>)\n\n>\n> 甲は乙に対し，本日，離婚による財産分与として，下記物件目録記載の不動産の甲の持分全部を分与することとし，本日付財産分与を原因とする甲持分全部移転登記手続をする。\n\nIn this sentence, I'm not sure if it's A that is receiving his share of\nproperty, or if A is transferring (移転) all of his shares to B (乙に対し).\n\nJudging from the context, I would say it's the former, but, gramatically\nspeaking, the 乙に対し is confusing me, because it implies that A is doing\nsomething towards B. Also, 移転 implies that A is transferring something and not\nreceiving it. My attempt:\n\n> Today, as for the property division regarding the divorce, A's shares of the\n> real-estate properties listed below will be established and, on the base of\n> this division, the registration procedure of the transfer of all A's shares\n> will be carried out.\n\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T05:36:12.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39463",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T12:19:55.490",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-25T06:27:36.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Who is receiving what in this sentence with に対し?",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "A (甲) is _giving_ up everything and undertaking the procedures necessary to\ntransfer it to B (乙) as a consequence of the divorce settlement.\n\n> 甲は乙に対し，\n\nA shall with respect to B:\n\n```\n\n Aに対する is construction that can be confusing because it looks like A対B \n which would be A against B. But this is a confusion caused by thinking 対 \n means against rather than the meaning of 対\n \n```\n\n> 本日，\n\non this day\n\n```\n\n (often this day =today but in the context of legal document it would mean \n the day the settlement is executed) \n \n```\n\n> 離婚による財産分与として，\n\nAs part of the property settlement on the basis/cause of divorce\n\n```\n\n Xとして = as X\n Yによる = on the basis of Y / because of Y / with Y as its cause\n \n```\n\n> 下記物件目録記載の不動産の甲の持分全部を分与することとし，\n\nShall transfer to B A's shares in the properties listed below\n\n```\n\n 下記 = written below\n 物件目録記載 = registration records for property\n 不動産の甲の持分全部 = those property interests belong to A \n することとし = することとする = shall do this action \n (the switch from する to し is because the next action also is a part of the sentence).\n \n```\n\n> 本日付財産分与を原因とする甲持分全部移転登記手続をする。\n\nand shall on this day as a consequence of this settlement undertake to the\nprocedures to have their registration transferred to B.\n\n```\n\n 原因とする = as a consequence of\n 甲持分 全部 移転登記 = (1) 移転登記 = to change the registration (2) 全部 = all. (3) 甲持分 = A's shares\n 手続をする = to do the procedure\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\nat least that's how I render it in English as a native speaker of English and\nnon-native speaker of Japanese.\n\n甲 (A as your calling it) remains the agent throughout. So any time there's a\ntransitive verb, they are the one who does something.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T06:32:48.943",
"id": "39465",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T12:19:55.490",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-25T12:19:55.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "39463",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39463 | 39465 | 39465 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39469",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are there any differences between these sentences? Are they correct?\n\n> 彼女は優しくて、綺麗で、楽しいんだ。だから大好きだ。 \n> 彼女は優しいし、綺麗だし、楽しいし。だから大好きだ。\n\nHow do し and て-form differ? How about these sentences:\n\n> 今日はたくさん食べて、飲んだよ。 \n> 今日はたくさん食べたし、飲んだしよ。\n\nAre these correct? Are they the same? Any help will be fully appreciated like\nalways, especially quick and detailed answers!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T07:32:53.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39466",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T13:50:06.713",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-25T07:53:15.840",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"conjunctions",
"particle-し"
],
"title": "What is the difference between し and て-form in connecting verbs together?",
"view_count": 1175
} | [
{
"body": "…し means that the clause with it is a part of reason for the main clause, in\nother words, 彼女は優しいし、綺麗だし、楽しいし。だから大好きだ implies that you might love him/her for\nother reasons than being kind, pretty and fun.\n\nIncidentally, 飲んだしよ is not accepted in Standard Japanese, it sounds fairly\nrude (in its realm). よ is accepted in Standard Japanese only when it stands\nfor a vocative case (dated expression) or a sentence ending particle. Other\nusages are considered a slang (including so called feminine language).\nSentence ending particles need to follow either a terminal form of verbs (or\nadjectives) or another sentence ending particle. Since …し is **basically** a\nconjunctive particle, the form of 飲んだしよ is not a main clause with a sentence\nender but a sub clause with a filler (or interjectional particle or whatever).",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T13:50:06.713",
"id": "39469",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T13:50:06.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "39466",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39466 | 39469 | 39469 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39468",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The context:\n\n> Speaker to himself: そこに行って彼に会えば全部分かる事だ\n\nAt first I thought the 事だ meant \"should\" but on second thought realized that\nmeaning of 事だ actually indicates that you're advising or warning someone, and\nnot that an outcome is to be expected. So then what does it mean? Does it mean\nsomething like だろう in this context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T08:46:21.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39467",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T12:28:25.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11112",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 事だ mean in this context?",
"view_count": 710
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, 事 makes a noun phrase:\n\n> そこに行って彼に会えば全部分かる事\n>\n> what I can completely know if I go there and see him\n\nNotice that the subject is omitted in your sentence. The subject may be **それ**\n(it). So the construction of the sentence is as simple as `(それは)～だ` (`It is\n...`).\n\nLastly, I think こと instead of 事 is preferred when making a noun phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T13:14:44.520",
"id": "39468",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T13:14:44.520",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "39467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "```\n\n ( adding to the good answer )\n \n```\n\n> (それは) そこに行って彼に会えば分かる事だ\n\n( That matter is not as difficult as it seems, and so that ) \nif you (etc.) go there and see him, it is something (こと) that will be\nclarified.\n\n> \"Hey, lad, it's really simple -- just a matter of going there and talking to\n> him.\"\n\nA similar expression is: 「〜すれば済むことだ」\n\n> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13145748978> \n> 「彼らが私の家に来れば済むことだ。」 \n> Il suffit qu'ils viennent chez moi. \n> Ils n'ont qu'à venir chez moi.\n\nThey only need to come to my house. (and it'll be all done)\n\nI wonder if these expressions 「〜すれば分かる事だ」 「〜すれば済むことだ」 are a result of some\nearlier components being dropped.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T19:43:18.440",
"id": "39473",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T19:43:18.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The word 事 has several meanings.\n\nProbably the closest meaning is the one below: \n㋚（「…ことだ」などの形で） \n話し手自身の判断に基づいた進言・忠告である意を表す。 \nAn advice or warning based on the speaker's own judgement. \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/80340/meaning/m0u/%E4%BA%8B/>\n\nSo the translation would be: \nそこに行って彼に会えば全部分かる事だ。 \nI believe that if I go there and meet him, I will know everything.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T12:28:25.013",
"id": "39834",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T12:28:25.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39467 | 39468 | 39468 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39477",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "If I want to say:\n\n> I hope you will read this.\n\nI can say something like:\n\n> これは読むといいです。\n\nI was trying to use the same kind of construction to say either:\n\n> I hope you have read this. \n> _or_ , \n> I hope you read this. ( _past_ )\n\nAs far as I know you can't write 読んだと... and changing いい to よかった doesn't seem\nright. So how do I hope that something has happened rather than that something\nwill/can happen? How about:\n\n> これは読んだらいいです\n\nDoes that work? Are there better ways?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T16:22:08.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39470",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T00:21:51.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to hope that something happened",
"view_count": 1626
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think \"～といいです\" means \"I hope.\" Its natural translation is as follows:\n\n> これは読むといいです。\n>\n> This is something that one should read. / You should read this.\n\nこれを読んだらいいです has the same meaning.\n\nWhen you want to say \"I hope ...\" you can say:\n\n> I hope you will read this.\n>\n> あなたがこれを読むと **いいな** 。 / これを読んでくれたら **いいな** 。 (colloquial)\n>\n> あなたがこれを読むことを **願います** 。 / これを読んでいただけることを **願います** 。 (formal)\n\nAnd to bring them to the past tense, use （既に）～ている or （既に）～終わっている:\n\n> I hope you have read this.\n>\n> あなたがこれを（既に）読ん **でいた** らいいな。 / あなたがこれを読み **終わっていた** らいいな。\n>\n> あなたがこれを既に読ん **でいる** ことを願います。 / あなたがこれを読み **終わっている** ことを願います。\n\nAs a side note, you can make your construction past tense by the same way:\n\n> This is something that should already be read.\n>\n> これは **既に** 読んで **いた** らいいです\n>\n> これは **既に** 読んで **いるのが** いいです (more natural)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T20:59:43.183",
"id": "39475",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-25T21:05:41.120",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "39470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "How about using ～てくれるとうれしいです or ～てくれるといいのですが as in the common phrases\n気に入ってくれるとうれしいです / 気に入ってくれるといいのですが \"I hope you'll like it\", or maybe ～てほしいです or\n～てくれればと思っています?\n\n> I hope you will read this.\n\n * ｛読んでくれると/読んでくれれば/読んでくれたら｝うれしいです。 \n(politely: 読んでくださると/読んでくだされば/読んでいただければ～～ etc.)\n\n * ｛読んでくれたらと/読んでくれればと｝思っています。 \n(politely: 読んでくださればと/読んでいただければと/読んでいただけたらと～～ etc.)\n\n * 読んでほしいです。/ 読んでほしいと思っています。 \n(politely: 読んでいただきたいです。/読んでいただきたいと思っています。)\n\n> I hope you have read this. / you read this. ( _past_ )\n\n * 読んでいて｛くれれば/くれると/くれたら｝｛うれしいです。/いいのですが。｝ \n(politely: 読んでいてくださったら/読んでいてくだされば～～ etc.)\n\n * 読んでくれて｛いれば/いると/いたら｝｛うれしいです。/いいのですが。｝ \n(politely: 読んでくださっていれば/読んでくださっていたら～～ etc.)\n\n * 読んでくれていればと思っています。 \n(politely:｛読んでいてくださったらと/読んでくださっていればと｝思っています。)\n\n* * *\n\nEdit:\n\n> \"I hope I have read this correctly.\"\n\nI would probably say...\n\n * 正しく読めていれば(orいたら/いると)いいのですが。← polite \n * 正しく読めてたら(orれば/ると)いいんだけど。← casual\n\n「正しく読めていればうれしいです。」 would also be okay, but 「potential + ていればいいのですが」 sounds a\nbit more natural/common (and maybe a bit more humble?) to me.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T00:30:13.783",
"id": "39477",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T00:21:51.633",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T00:21:51.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "\"Hope\" is 希望 but you wouldn't use it to say \"I hope you will read this\".\n\nI recommend that you simply say \"I want you to read this\". The nice way to do\nthis in Japanese would be to say that if they read it you would be happy:\nFormal: これを読んでくれたら嬉しいです。 Familiar: これを読んでくれたら嬉しい。\n\nHowever, as general advice from one human to another, if someone said to me \"I\nhope you will read this\" in any language, I would think to myself \"Ahhh,\n面倒臭い,\" meaning that I would be annoyed. Have you ever received a book as a\npresent from someone and then they expect you to read the whole book? It's\nannoying. I would be annoyed if someone even asked me to get up and get them a\nchocolate milk, but I would be a whole other level of annoyed if they were\ndemanding that I read an entire book that I didn't want to read. I have no\nidea if you're talking about a book or what, but maybe saying \"I recommend\nthis\" is better. That would be これはオススメです。(If talking to a friend, say\n\"これがオススメだよ\") I think they would be a lot happier to hear that.\n\n\"これは読むといいです\" sounds stiff and weird to be honest. It's not wrong. It just\ndoesn't sound normal or natural.\n\nEverything that Faily Feely wrote sounds quite awkward. He or she also does\nnot understand that \"いいな\" has a special meaning in Japanese that conveys\njealously, so it should not be used the way he or she is using it.\n\nこれは読んだらいいです also just sounds awkward and weird. Not grammatically wrong, just\nawkward-sounding.\n\nChocolate's suggestions are good (and sometimes the same as mine), but seemed\na little difficult to read so I decided I'd write my own answer for you. Hope\nyou enjoyed. Good luck!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T12:31:43.290",
"id": "39489",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T12:31:43.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18041",
"parent_id": "39470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39470 | 39477 | 39477 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The given answer to the question I'm supposed to ask in my workbook is:\n\n> それは たけしさんの ぼうし です。\n\nBut I can't figure out if my question should be:\n\n> このぼうしは だれの ですか。\n\nOR\n\n> だれの このぼうし ですか。\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-25T19:47:51.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39474",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T12:00:55.663",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-25T20:28:06.233",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18034",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-order"
],
"title": "How to ask to whom an item belongs to",
"view_count": 3218
} | [
{
"body": "> I can't figure out if my question should be このぼうしは だれの ですか。OR だれの このぼうし ですか。\n\nThe first one is correct, because...\n\n* * *\n\nThe genitive case particle の works like the English _'s_ or _of_ , as in:\n\n> わたしのぼうし my hat \n> あなたのぼうし your hat \n> たけしさんのぼうし Takeshi-san's hat \n> だれのぼうし whose hat \n> わたしのこのぼうし this hat of mine ( _lit._ my this hat)\n\nの can also be used for _(someone)'s (stuff)_ , as in:\n\n> わたしの mine \n> あなたの yours \n> たけしさんの Takeshi-san's (stuff) \n> だれの whose (stuff)\n\nSo...\n\n* * *\n\n> それはたけしさんのぼうしです。 That is Takeshi-san's hat.\n\nTo turn this into a question asking だれの(whose), you'd replace たけしさん with だれ,\nadd the interrogative particle か at the end (and replace それ with これ), as in:\n\n> これは **だれ** のぼうしです **か** 。 Whose hat is this?\n\n* * *\n\n> そのぼうしはたけしさんのです。 That hat is Takeshi-san's.\n\nTo turn this into a question, you'd do the same: たけしさん→だれ, です→ですか (and replace\nその with この this time):\n\n> このぼうしは **だれ** のです **か** 。 Whose is this hat?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T00:44:47.750",
"id": "39478",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T08:54:50.407",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T08:54:50.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "これは **だれ** の ぼうし ですか。 \nWhose hat is this?\n\nそれは **たけしさん** の ぼうし です。 \nThat is Mr. Takeshi's hat.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T12:00:55.663",
"id": "39833",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T12:00:55.663",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39474 | null | 39478 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39528",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example, Hydrogen was found by Henry Cavendish. Mr. Cavendish was not a\nJapanese and I'm pretty sure he won't bother inventing the name for Hydrogen\nin all the languages in the world, especially in a language that doesn't use\nthe same set of alphabet as the languages he mastered. In fact, he didn't even\nname it. It was Antoine Lavoisier who gave the name Hydrogen. Google translate\ntranslates Hydrogen as 水素 (すいそ).\n\nWhat I want to know is how the kanji 水素 was chosen to represent Hydrogen? What\nare the rules that one must follow in assigning kanji to a newly found\nthing/word? Or one can just assign whatever kanji he wants much like how in\nEnglish you can just assign whatever name you want to something you found,\nlike is the case with Big Bang being named Big Bang even when it is not an\nexplosion.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T07:15:03.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39482",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T02:21:04.913",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-28T02:16:58.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "6978",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the rule in assigning kanji to a new word?",
"view_count": 1772
} | [
{
"body": "See this article: [Chemical elements in East Asian\nlanguages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elements_in_East_Asian_languages)\n\nIn general, Japanese experts today no longer create totally new kanji\ncompounds. They use kanji only when a combination of existing compounds\n(words) can directly represent the original phrase. For example, _deep\nlearning_ is translated either as ディープ・ラーニング or 深層学習, where 深層 (\"depth\") and\n学習 (\"learning\") are both very old words.\n\nOld Japanese people (approx. 100-150 years ago) tended to create various new\nkanji compounds based on the characters' meanings, as they rapidly learned\nmany Western concepts. Examples include 文明 (\"literacy\" + \"enlightenment\" =\n\"civilization\"), 電話 (\"electricity\" + \"talk\" = \"phone\"), 物理 (\"thing\" + \"reason\"\n= \"physics\"), 野球 (\"field\" + \"ball\" = \"baseball\"). Some of these new words were\nactually reverse-imported to Chinese. See [wasei-\nkango](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasei-kango). I don't believe there is a\ntechnical term that was assigned purely random kanji in those days.\n\nSome traditional chemical element names such as 水素/臭素 were created in the same\nmanner (\"water\" + \"element\" = \"hydrogen\", \"stench\" + \"element\" = \"bromine\"). I\nthink the etymology of 水素 is fairly straightforward. However, chemical\nelements discovered relatively recently are simply transliterated using\nkatakana. For example, Neptunium is translated as ネプツニウム in Japanese. On the\nother hand, Chinese people still keep inventing new compounds for new Western\nnames/concepts (See\n[this](https://chinese.stackexchange.com/questions/242/how-do-we-choose-the-\ncorrect-characters-for-a-westerner-name) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23557/5010)). They are even\ninventing a new kanji for each new chemical element (Neptunium is 镎 in\nChinese).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T18:11:59.040",
"id": "39528",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T02:21:04.913",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:48:05.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39482",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39482 | 39528 | 39528 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39497",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In polite sentences when the 2nd sentence is omitted, should the です be before\nor after the particles?\n\n> A: 彼女はいつも勉強しません。\n\nwhich one should B say?\n\n> B: 学生なのにです。\n\nor\n\n> B: 学生ですのに。\n\n* * *\n\n> A: お金はありませんのか。\n\nwhich one should B answer?\n\n> B: 学生なのでです。\n\nor\n\n> B: 学生ですので。\n\n(Feel free to correct any wrong grammar in either B or A. If no one points it\nout, I'll assume I am right.)\n\nThe real question is the position of です. ので indicates reason for the 2nd\nsentence and のに means despite. And in plain sentences the です is omitted. Am I\nright guys (for the facts I have shown)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T08:52:44.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39483",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-26T17:07:49.150",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-26T15:28:04.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Should it be のにです or ですのに when stating an omitted 2nd sentence in polite sentence?",
"view_count": 647
} | [
{
"body": "学生なのにです is natural in the first example. I rarely hear 学生ですのに but couth ladies\nmay say that.\n\nお金はありませんのか is unnatural. お金を(orは)持っていませんか、お金を(orは)持っていますか, お金はありますか are\nappropriate. 学生ですので is natural. 学生なのでです is unnatural but 学生なので(持って)ないです is\nnatural.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T15:59:53.453",
"id": "39497",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T16:08:16.680",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-26T16:08:16.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "39483",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39483 | 39497 | 39497 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39496",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is \"ゲル\" or \"ユルト\" more commonly used and understood when referring to large\ntents used by Mongolians (gers) and other Central Asian nomads (yurts)?\n\nThe Japanese edition of Wikipedia uses\n[ゲル](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB_\\(%E5%AE%B6%E5%B1%8B\\))\nrather than ユルト, suggesting the former is the norm. However, I'd like\nadditional confirmation, and I suspect that just looking at word frequency may\nbe misleading because ゲル may have unrelated meanings. In addition, \"ゲル\" being\nthe norm rather than \"ユルト\" is surprising as [yurt is more commonly used and\nunderstood than ger in\nEnglish](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/140174/when-writing-\nabout-mongolian-felt-tent-houses-in-english-should-the-word-ger-o).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T10:13:42.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39484",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T14:07:27.123",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:38:10.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Is \"ゲル\" or \"ユルト\" more commonly used and understood?",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "Neither of the two terms is widely recognized by the general public, so you\nhave to explain the word anyway. I think you can choose one of them and add\n`～ともいう` (\"also called ～\") in parentheses.\n\nFrom what I could google, ゲル is more commonly used in Japanese websites. Some\npages use パオ (which is Chinese), and ユルト seems to be even less common. I\nvaguely remember learning ゲル at middle or high school, too, but that was more\nthan 20 years ago.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T14:07:27.123",
"id": "39496",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T14:07:27.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39484",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39484 | 39496 | 39496 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39487",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "長い時間働き続けるより、少し休んだほうがいい **仕事ができますよ** 。\n\nI think I understand the overall meaning, which is. _Rather than to work long\nhour, it's better to take a little break._\n\nBut, I wasn't sure what 仕事ができます doing in the end of the sentence...\n\nI understand it as **can work/finish work** It doesn't make sense to me\ncurrently...\n\nIf it's written like this, I can understand it... 仕事のことは\n長い時間働き続けるより、少し休んだほうがいい.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T10:29:29.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39485",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T12:09:37.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "ができます meaning on this sentence",
"view_count": 434
} | [
{
"body": "The sentence can be split as follows:\n\n> 長い時間働き続けるより、 / 少し休んだほうが / いい仕事ができますよ。\n\nSo the fixed phrase ～ほうがいい is not the case.\n\nAs you might know, いい仕事ができます means \"can do good work.\"\n\nThe translation would be:\n\n> You can do the better work if you have a little break rather than work for a\n> long time ( _without taking a break_ ).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T11:58:22.263",
"id": "39487",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T11:58:22.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "39485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I would translate it as \"Rather than continuing to work for a long time, you\ncan do better work if you take a little break.\" The いい仕事ができます part is the \"can\ndo better work\" part of my above translation. Literally \"いい仕事ができます\" is \"can do\ngood work,\" but the ほうが is a comparative form, which is why \"good\" becomes\n\"better\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T12:09:37.680",
"id": "39488",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T12:09:37.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18041",
"parent_id": "39485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39485 | 39487 | 39487 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39493",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In [this video](https://youtu.be/61HwQxYuYoM?t=1m51s), a Japanese YouTuber\nsays the following:\n\n> 美味しいですけど、ご飯の同じ量と卵の同じ量って、ちょっと卵のほうが **きます** ね。でも美味しいです。\n\nIt seems like きます means むずかしい here.\n\nSome other examples:\n\n> (辛い食べ物を食べた後に)これは後から **くる** ！\n\nApparently this implies that the effects of the spicy food kicked in only\nafter eating it (it seemed okay at the time).\n\n> 朝からAC/DCは **きます** ね。\n\nThe speaker here doesn't like listening to loud rock music in the morning.\n\nAre these common usages of くる? I haven't found anything in my usual\ndictionaries about it. Does anyone know how the usage arose?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T12:40:44.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39490",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T14:01:16.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3071",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"title": "How/when is くる used to mean difficult/unpleasant?",
"view_count": 274
} | [
{
"body": "In the examples you gave it just literally means \"come\". Imagine sound coming\nto your ears or flavor coming to your mouth. This is how it is being used in\nthe examples you gave. It is a common idiomatic use of the work くる in\nJapanese. She means that with the same amount of rice or egg, the egg feels\nheavier as she eats it. It does not necessarily mean 難しい or imply dislike on\nthe part of the speaker.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T13:42:15.133",
"id": "39492",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T13:42:15.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18041",
"parent_id": "39490",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> ちょっと卵のほうがきますね\n\nYes this 来る is a verb that means \"(feels) tough/heavy\" or something like that.\n\n> (辛い食べ物を食べた後に)これは後からくる！\n\nJust as you guessed. The spicy stimulus \"comes\" to the nervous system a few\nmoments after eating it.\n\n> 朝からAC/DCはきますね。\n\nThis one is context-dependent, but くる here vaguely refers to something\npositive and exciting. \"～ rocks\" is the closest word I know, but there may be\na better translation.\n\nAnd don't forget くる can also mean \"in\" or \"hot\" in the music industry:\n\n> 今週は○○がきている. \n> ○○ is hot this week.\n\n* * *\n\nIn all the situations above, くる is often written as クる (or キて, etc.) to\n[emphasize the slangy usage](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/6520/5010).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T13:48:40.080",
"id": "39493",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T13:48:40.080",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39490",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "This usage of くる goes as follow.\n\nA Dictionary says\n\n> 何かによって、ある反応・感覚・感情が起こる。「ぴんとくる」「胸にじんとくる温かい言葉」\n\nIt is translated as \"Someone has a reaction, emotion, and feeling by\nsomething.\"\n\nWhether what reaction someone have is according to the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T14:01:16.890",
"id": "39495",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T14:01:16.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "39490",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39490 | 39493 | 39492 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I really need help grasping the concept of 'ma' (間).\n\nI know that this is essentially negative space, or the interval in between,\nthe pause, etc. I can see how this might be seen in art, i.e. Miyazaki's\nfilms, but was wondering if anyone else can give me a few concrete examples? I\nneed to explain it to a large group of English speakers, and I know they might\nnot grasp it easily. I want to flesh out my understanding of the concept in\norder to do so.\n\nThanks for the help!\n\nBrock",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T16:03:16.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39498",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T16:24:00.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18044",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can someone help me grasp the concept of ma (間)?",
"view_count": 3926
} | [
{
"body": "間 is a word which a native Japanese speaker uses or hears almost every day.\nUsually it just means \"time\", \"interval\", \"space\", \"room\", etc. For example:\n\n> * 締め切りまで **間** がある。 There is some more _time_ left till the deadline.\n> * **間** もなく東京です。 Arriving at Tokyo Station _soon_ (lit. \"in no time\")\n> * 行と行の **間** をあける to leave _spaces_ between lines, to double-space\n>\n\nUnsurprisingly, such a basic word has dozens of idiomatic expressions which\nmight make little sense if you translated it too literally:\n\n> * 間が悪い (lit. \"time is bad\") to be done at the wrong time\n> * 間に合う (lit. \"match the time\") to make something on time\n> * 間男 (lit. \"in-between man\") paramour, secret (male) lover\n>\n\nBut these may not be of particular interest to native English speakers who\ndon't want to learn Japanese.\n\nSo 間 is not really a cool or special word to native Japanese speakers. I'm\nsometimes surprised to see mundane Japanese words are introduced to foreign\ncountries as something mysterious and cool. For example, see: [What is the\nexact meaning of \"kaizen\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18529/5010)\n\n* * *\n\nThat said, I am vaguely aware that some people have found the concept of 間 as\nunique to Japan. I found this long article in English: [MA: Place, Space,\nVoid](http://www.kyotojournal.org/the-journal/culture-arts/ma-place-space-\nvoid/). The article also explains how 間 is important in certain fields of\nJapanese art. Honestly speaking, I'm not totally convinced that 間 is such a\ndifficult word, but I think the linked article covers almost everything that\nyou might need.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T16:24:00.937",
"id": "39526",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T16:24:00.937",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39498",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39498 | null | 39526 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39501",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Why is the word _けしゴム_ is half written in _hiragana_ and half in _katakana_?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T16:24:33.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39499",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T16:41:40.763",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T05:11:23.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "12259",
"owner_user_id": "17512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"katakana",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Why is けしゴム (eraser) half written in hiragana and half in katakana?",
"view_count": 3595
} | [
{
"body": "Because けし comes from the verb and ゴム in itself is a loanword.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T16:33:48.413",
"id": "39500",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T16:33:48.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17984",
"parent_id": "39499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It just has to do with the words that it is made up of:\n\n消し｛けし｝ comes from 消す｛けす｝which means _to erase_.\n\nゴム is [a foreign word](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%A0)\n(usually katakana) meaning gum or rubber.\n\nSo you put the two together and you get the amalgam 消し｛けし｝ゴム.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T16:35:25.460",
"id": "39501",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T16:41:40.763",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T16:41:40.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "3916",
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "39499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 39499 | 39501 | 39501 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does anyone know what typeface or style this is?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/q8TuC.jpg)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T17:11:20.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39502",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T14:14:30.017",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-26T20:03:23.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18048",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -4,
"tags": [
"typesetting"
],
"title": "What typeface or style is this font?",
"view_count": 240
} | [
{
"body": "It's [ライラ](https://fontworks.co.jp/fontsearch/item?LyraStd-DB) from フォントワークス\n(Fontworks), but the example has been kerned tighter.\n\nSample:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5ne7O.jpg)\n\n* * *\n\n**BONUS** \nAs mentioned in comments, this typeface bears an obvious similarity with a\npreceding font [DF金文体](http://font.designers-\ngarage.jp/ds/execute/FontSearch?encoding=Shift_JIS&locale=ja&tick=1440484101141&node=1440484076808&createOrder=false&searchType=1&orderBy=id&desc=false&knownTotal=0&offset=0&simString=%8DU%8Ak%8B%40%93%AE%91%E0&category=0&maker=0&weight=0&type=0&platform=0&keyword=%8B%E0%95%B6%91%CC&simulation=2&saleType=1),\nwhich also is likely to be its source of inspiration.\n\n金文体 is\n[officially](http://www.dynacw.co.jp/product/product_download_detail.aspx?sid=68)\nintroduced as an adaptation of the design seen in inscriptions on an ancient\nvessel [中山王方壺](https://hsiangming.blogspot.jp/2014/12/blog-post_23.html) to\nmodern script, and carries a unique, \"sublimating\" atmosphere that makes it\nfamous since been used in a visual novel game.\n\nNote that, as the style of 中山王方壺 is likewise unique among its contemporaries,\ndespite the name 金文体, the typeface doesn't particularly resemble average 金文\n\"[bronze script](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions)\".\n\nCompared to 金文体, ライラ has less calligraphic features from the inscriptions on\nthe vessel, thus to give out a more exotic rather than mystic feel.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-16T05:48:19.560",
"id": "40030",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-02T14:14:30.017",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-02T14:14:30.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "39502",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39502 | null | 40030 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have trouble understanding the sentence below\n\n文章が長くならないよう、必要のない部分は省略した\n\nI roughly translate: literature doesn't need to be long, omit unnecessary part\n\n * Can I use passive form “unnecessary part was omitted” instead?\n * How should I interpret ならないよう、必要のない部分. I don’t understand why のis there",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T17:45:24.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39503",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T05:39:51.653",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T03:51:37.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "18050",
"owner_user_id": "18050",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Help interpreting this sentence",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "* `dictionary-form + よう` means \"so as to ～\", \"so that ～\", etc. See [this article](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB-you-ni/).\n * 必要のない部分 literally means \"the part where there is not necessity\". 必要のない is a relative clause that adjectivally modifies 部分, and の can be used in place of が in relative clauses. See: [How does the の work in 「日本人の知らない日本語」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/5010) Of course you can simply translate it as \"unnecessary parts\".\n * した is not an imperative form. This sentence is not an order but a neutral sentence with the omitted subject (=\"I\"). The last half literally means \" _I_ omitted unnecessarily parts\", but you can translate it also as \"unnecessary parts were omitted\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T05:39:51.653",
"id": "39515",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T05:39:51.653",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39503",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39503 | null | 39515 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39507",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm having trouble finding the most natural grammar to describe someone being\npart of two groups. For example:\n\n```\n\n He is the only person who lives in this state that works for that company.\n \n```\n\nHere is my best guess:\n\n```\n\n その会社に勤めてる人で、この州に住んでるのは彼だけです。\n \n```\n\nIs this natural? Is there other ways to express this that would sound better?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T22:26:57.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39505",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T09:04:43.300",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Natural grammar for expressing someone is part of two groups",
"view_count": 218
} | [
{
"body": "Is this natural? --> Yes, but I wouldn't reverse the order. ( or maybe what\nyou have is more logical ... interesting question. )\n\nこの州に住んでる人で、その会社に勤めてるのは彼だけです。 \nこの州に住んでいて、その会社に勤めてる人は彼だけです。\n\nこの州の住人で、その会社に勤めてるのは彼だけです。\n\nこの州の住人で、ＡＡＡ社員は彼だけです。\n\nＢＢＢ州住人で、ＡＡＡ社員は彼だけです。 \nＢＢＢ州住人でＡＡＡ社員なのは彼だけです。 \nＢＢＢ州住人のＡＡＡ社員は彼だけです。\n\n彼が・・・ first in the sentence seems slightly awkward.\n\n彼が唯一のＢＢＢ州住人のＡＡＡ社員です。 \n彼がただ一人の・・・\n\n * He is the only person who lives in this state that works for that company. \n * He is the only person who lives in this state and works for that company. \n\nIn my mind, these two sentences are the same, so what you have in the OP seems\nlike reversed order.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T22:57:21.280",
"id": "39506",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T23:31:08.977",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-26T23:31:08.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39505",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Your sentence:\n\n> その会社に勤めてる人で、この州に住んでるのは彼だけです。\n\nsounds good to me. I think you can also say:\n\n> その会社に勤めていてこの州に住んでいる｛人は、彼だけです。/人と言えば、彼しかいません。｝\n\nAnd, I might say (a bit more simply?):\n\n> その会社に勤めて(い)てこの州に住んで(い)るのは彼(orあの人)だけです。\n\nwithout using 人.\n\nExamples using this structure:\n\n> * あの日ここに泊まっていて田中さんと面識があったのは、鈴木さんだけです。\n> * カナダ出身でこの町に１０年以上住んでいる人と言えば、ジョンさんしかいない。\n>\n\n* * *\n\nA few more variants I can think of are:\n\n> * その会社に勤めて(い)る人の[中]{なか}で、この州に住んで(い)るのは彼だけです。\n> * その会社に勤めて(い)る人のうち(で)、この州に住んで(い)るのは彼だけです。\n>\n\n(Although it would depend on the context, using その人/あの人 or the person's name\ninstead of 彼 would usually sound even more natural.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T23:21:57.833",
"id": "39507",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T09:04:43.300",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-04T09:04:43.300",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39505",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 39505 | 39507 | 39507 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39524",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "私はローマに住んでいた時に子供でした。\n\nI didn't understand \"住んでいた時\". I would like a explanation about this structure\nand a translation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T23:53:05.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39508",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T14:01:24.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "I couldn't understand this structure 住んでいた時",
"view_count": 486
} | [
{
"body": "> 私はローマに住んでいた時に子供でした。 \n> When I was in Rome, I was a child.\n\nとき(に) means \"when ～\". See [this article](http://www.learn-japanese-\nadventure.com/toki-in-japanese.html).\n\nAs you can see in the link, とき here is just a noun that means \"time\". So once\nyou have learned how to modify a noun (e.g., using an adjective or a relative\nclause), you can use various ways to say \"when ～\".\n\nAs pointed out in the comment section, this sentence is a bit unnatural\nbecause the main subject (私は) and the main predicate (子供でした) are far apart.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T10:10:41.043",
"id": "39524",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T10:10:41.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39508",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "As others have pointed out, the sentence sounds weird. To answer your\nquestion:\n\n住む is the verb \"to live\".\n\n= > 住んで is the \"te\" form of the verb — a verb form used in many ways.\n\n= > 住んでいる is the \"te-iru\" form of the verb. This means \"living\".\n\n= > 住んでいた is the past tense of the \"te-iru\" form of the verb. This means \"was\nliving\".\n\n時 is simply \"time\".\n\nTherefore 住んでいた時 means \"the time when I was living\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T14:01:24.473",
"id": "39525",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T14:01:24.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18041",
"parent_id": "39508",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39508 | 39524 | 39524 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39510",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've noticed that in the introduction to a presentation of some sort (whether\nit be an academic presentation or a YouTube video explaining something), the\npresenter will often say something along the lines of 「 … したいと思います。」 Why is\nthis? Doesn't this give the message of \"I think I want to present this\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T00:10:44.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39509",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T08:09:22.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10795",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Use of ...と思います at beginning of presentation",
"view_count": 133
} | [
{
"body": "It's just a very common way of saying \"I'd like to ...\"\n\nAn adult saying 「 … したい。」 is pretty uncommon.\n\nSee [~したいと思います Does it mean exactly as translated? I think I want\nto](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14121/16344)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T00:31:45.053",
"id": "39510",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T00:31:45.053",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39509",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "As far as I understand, using -と思います is a polite and respectful way of\nexpressing your opinion (what you want to do in your example). In other words,\nif you don't use it, you might sound a little strong and assertive.\n\nFor example, if you say\n\n> そうだと[思]{おも}います。\n\nIt means\n\n> I think it could/might be true.\n\nIf you say\n\n> そうだ\n\nin place of \"そうです\" or \"そうだと[思]{おも}います\", you would not sound as polite and\nrespectful.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T04:21:20.890",
"id": "39512",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T08:09:22.057",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T08:09:22.057",
"last_editor_user_id": "12259",
"owner_user_id": "12259",
"parent_id": "39509",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39509 | 39510 | 39510 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "According to The Japan Times \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\"\ntextbook, the grammar pattern ～おうと思う can't be used as a question. As an\nexample they state that you can't say あの本を読もうと思いますか。\n\n> When the subject is not the first person, [...] the nonpast form of _omou_\n> cannot be used.\n>\n> ...\n>\n> The reason why [it] is unacceptable is that _omou_ represents an internal\n> feeling of the speaker alone.\n>\n> ...\n>\n> It is also to be noted that _~yō to omou_ cannot be used as a question.\n>\n> (p.570)\n\nWhy is this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T03:47:16.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39511",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T11:30:37.643",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12084",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "～おうと思う not allowed to be used as a question",
"view_count": 1650
} | [
{
"body": "I think あの本を読もうと思いますか? make sense. It is translated as \"Will you read that\nbook?\".\n\nAnother example is テニスをしようと思いますか?(Will you play tennis?) but I don't often\nhear that though.\n\nしたい which means \"want\" may be more common than them like あの本を読みたいですか?(Do you\nwant to read that book?).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T05:05:27.310",
"id": "39513",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T05:20:35.300",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T05:20:35.300",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "39511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "～うと思う can be used as a question, and あの本を読もうと思いますか perfectly makes sense to\nme.\n\nBut it's also a nuanced sentence. This roundabout question is asking the\nlistener's wish or intention very explicitly. I feel this question form is\nmore often used as a [rhetorical\nquestion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetorical_question) (or\n[反語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%AA%9E) in Japanese).\nあの本を読もうと思いますか sounds to me more like \"Do you _really/still_ want to read the\nbook?\" rather than simple \"Would you like to read the book?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T05:57:12.970",
"id": "39517",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T15:11:31.483",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T15:11:31.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "For this question, I think a verbatim quote (with context) from the textbook\nwould be really useful in understanding the author's intent.\n\nEdit: Now that it has been [provided by\nTommy](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39523/11830) - I guess not really.\nThe author mentions how it would be inappropriate to use it to refer to a\nthird person, but I disagree that it \"cannot be used as a question\" when\nreferring to the second person. A google search for \"うと思いますか\" gives quite a\nfew hits\n([学外実習アンケート集計](http://www.rikou.ryukoku.ac.jp/career/images/training2009_07.pdf),\n[「野菜の摂取や身体活動に関する意識」について (Tokyo Metropolitan\nGovernment)](http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/CHOUSA/2015/03/DATA/60p3p100.pdf),\n[食に関する意識調査](http://www.arcs-g.co.jp/group/ralse/syokuiku2015/pdf/05ishiki.pdf)),\nmany of which are from questionnaires. The textbook being from 1986 might have\nsomething to do with it.\n\n* * *\n\n\"~うと思うか\" does sound like it makes sense, but there are definitely more clear\nways of expressing what you probably intend to say when you use that phrasing.\n\nIf we take the example \"読もうと思うか\", are you asking:\n\n 1. if the listener is going to read the book? (読むか)\n 2. if the listener wants to read the book? (読みたいか)\n 3. if the listener thinks that they might want to read the book?\n\nTo me, \"読もうと思うか\" sounds like number 3 more than the others.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T06:50:42.593",
"id": "39519",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T09:36:27.147",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11830",
"parent_id": "39511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I happen to have the book (IMHO excellent source by the way), so let me add\nsome context..or well, let me attach a screenshot to be faster:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fcb2Q.png)\n\nIt seems that the key point here is in the writer stating that the verb 思う\n\n> _represents an internal feeling of the speaker alone. Therefore, when the\n> subject is the third person, omou has to be replaced by omotte iru ..._\n\nIt is interesting to read in the answers by some native speakers though, that\nwhat is reported as a non-grammatical example, sounds actually OK to them.\nMaybe this fact that 思う represents an internal feeling a subtle grammar point\nthat often wind up to be neglected? I am sure that even in my native language\nthere would be something I would feel as correct but actually isn't.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T08:41:53.607",
"id": "39523",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T08:41:53.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "39511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "思う or 思います are usually used only when the subject is the first person. When\nthe subject is not the first person, you have to use 思っている (or a variant of\nit).\n\nExamples: \n彼は正しいと思います。kare wa tadashii to omoimasu. \nI think he is correct.\n\n彼は正しいと思っている。kare wa tadashii to omotte iru \nHe thinks he is correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T11:25:56.273",
"id": "39832",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T11:25:56.273",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39511 | null | 39517 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39521",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know Japanese males tend to use 俺｛おれ｝/僕｛ぼく｝ in informal contexts. Is it\ncommon to use 私｛わたし｝ too or it makes one sounds overly stiff and aloof?\n\nEdit: What about 自分｛じぶん｝?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T05:21:25.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39514",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T08:48:02.470",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-13T08:48:02.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "17997",
"owner_user_id": "17997",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"politeness",
"first-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "Usage of 私｛わたし｝ in Informal Situations",
"view_count": 394
} | [
{
"body": "I think Japanese males don't use watashi in casual conversations but females\nuse it.\n\nIf males use it in casual conversations, it may make one sounds overly stiff\nand aloof as you say.\n\n自分 is often used in Japanese sports community. They has strict age hierarchy\nin regards to using polite manners, it is called 体育会系. So 自分 includes the\nmeaning of humility. It is rarely used in formal but there are some people\nusing in casual conversations. They are probably 体育会系.\n\nIn addition, 自分 also means the second person(that is to say, \"you\") in Osaka.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T08:00:35.317",
"id": "39521",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T08:28:33.117",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T08:28:33.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "39514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "In informal contexts it is normal for men to say \"ore\" (俺) or \"boku\" (僕).\n\"Ore\" is more \"manly\" and more likely to be used by older males.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T08:22:34.910",
"id": "39522",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T08:22:34.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18041",
"parent_id": "39514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39514 | 39521 | 39521 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39520",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to translate this sentence from a fantasy novel, but some of the\ngrammar eludes me, and I am having trouble distinguishing between what is\nliteral and metaphorical.\n\n> りょうりょうと風が吹き渡る夕暮れの野を、まるで火が走るように、赤い毛なみを光らせて、一匹の子狐が駆けていた。\n\nDoes the first part りょうりょうと風 mean \"brightness and wind\", or \"a wind with (the\nquality of) brightness\"? I am not quite in tune with this use of と.\n\nThen, how does structure [Topic]をまるで[Subject]が[Verb]ように work? In this case, is\nit that the evening plains are like a fire acting in the manner of running?\n\nLastly, does 赤い毛なみを光らせて mean that the red wave of fur caused the brightness?\n\nMy translation was as follows.\n\n> The brightness and the wind blowing across the evening plains, is like like\n> eloping flames, caused by the red wave of glittering fur from the galloping\n> fox cub.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T06:41:34.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39518",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-15T18:44:54.847",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-15T18:44:54.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "16260",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "りょうりょうと風が吹き渡る夕暮れの野を、まるで火が走るように、赤い毛なみを光らせて、一匹の子狐が駆けていた",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "This sentence is indeed literary, but grammatically it's very straightforward.\nThe three phrases, \"りょうりょうと風が吹き渡る夕暮れの野を\", \"まるで火が走るように\" and \"赤い毛並みを光らせて\"\n_independently_ modify the intransitive verb, 駆けていた, at the end of the\nsentence. The main subject of the sentence is 一匹の子狐.\n\n * I feel りょうりょう here is not [喨々](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/232863/meaning/m0u/) but [寥々](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/232865/meaning/m0u/), a rare na-adjective which means \"forlorn/desolate\". と turns a na-adjective into an adverb (i.e., desolate **ly** ) that modifies 吹き渡る. (I don't know if you can say \"wind blows desolately\" in English, though)\n * を in りょうりょうと風が吹き渡る夕暮れの野 **を** marks the location where the main action of the sentence, 駆ける, takes place. See: [Making sense of transitive usage of 行く and 来る - 「を行く」 and 「を来る」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3243/5010)\n * まるで火が走るように here means the child fox (not the evening planes) was like fire.\n * 赤い毛なみを光らせて literally means \"(while) making its red fur shine\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T07:17:09.630",
"id": "39520",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T07:49:12.337",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39518",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39518 | 39520 | 39520 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What's the meaning of the phrase 冗談は顔だけにして下さいよ in English? According to Google\ntranslator, it means \"Joke should only be in your face\" which makes no sense\nto me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T17:50:00.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39527",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T09:56:22.610",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T19:50:11.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "12259",
"owner_user_id": "18062",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"jokes"
],
"title": "Meaning of 冗談は顔だけにして下さいよ",
"view_count": 683
} | [
{
"body": "It's a classic Japanese joke, which is also very derogatory.\n\nGoogle Translate did a good job in this case -- it obviously understands that\nthis phrase is more or less idiomatic. This sentence actually means \"Please\nmake your face the only thing that's joking here\" or more descriptively, \"No\nmore joke please, your face is already funny enough.\"\n\nAccording to [this\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E5%9D%8A%E3%82%84%E3%81%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%97%E8%80%85#.E3.80.8C.E5.86.97.E8.AB.87.E3.81.AF.E9.A1.94.E3.81.A0.E3.81.91.E3.81.AB.E3.81.97.E3.82.8D.E3.82.88.E3.80.8D.E3.81.AE.E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF),\nthis phrase originated from the Japanese version of [_Diff'rent\nStrokes_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diff%27rent_Strokes). Someone\ntranslated the catchphrase of the drama, \"What'chu talkin' 'bout, Willis?\", to\n冗談は顔だけにしろ for some reason, and this phrase gained popularity in Japan.\n\nThis phrase (and variants) are still sometimes used by Japanese comedians.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T18:33:18.563",
"id": "39529",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T18:45:57.317",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T18:45:57.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39527",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "> Google translator gave me \"joke should only be in your face\"\n\nThat makes perfect sense. Good job, Google translator!\n\nThe jab 冗談は顔だけにして ... seems pretty old, maybe from the 1960s or 1970s ?\n\n> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1018265750> --\n> もう昔のことで名前も思い出せませんが、漫才コンビがいて、顔が気の毒なボケ役のぼけに対して、相方が、｢冗談は顔だけにしてくれ｣と言ったのが、始まりです。（やすし・きよし時代よりも前のことです。）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T19:18:59.983",
"id": "39531",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-27T19:18:59.983",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39527",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39527 | null | 39529 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39533",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "recently I found the sfx \"グワラ\" and \"ドグワラ\" in a Hoshino Yukinobu's manga,\nMunakata Kyouju Denkikou:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RTj4o.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/c6qhD.png)\n\nI look in sites like thejadednetwork.com but I couldn't find anything relevant\nto help me adapt this sound effect.\n\nThank you for the help and so sorry for my bad english.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T22:31:40.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39532",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T02:10:29.747",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-27T23:33:52.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "14078",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"sound-symbolism"
],
"title": "Problem trying to adapt the sfx \"グワラ\" and \"ドグワン\"",
"view_count": 294
} | [
{
"body": "In both グワラ -and- ドグワララ perhaps グワ（グヮ） is a variant of ガ\n\n> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Middle_Japanese> -- Labialized\n> consonants /kw, gw/ appeared during Early Middle Japanese. During this\n> period, labialized consonants preceding -i and -e merged with their non-\n> labial counterparts.[8]\n\n * グワラ --> ガラ ---- ガラガラ... is a common onomatopoeia for earthquakes, or a building collapsing.\n\n * ドグワララ --> ドガララ ... would be a similar sound. Are those lightening bolts?\n\n> <http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~hi5k-stu/nihongo/kanji.htm>\n>\n> * （注４） 「クワ」の発音\n> ：ラフカディオ・ハーン（小泉八雲）の『怪談』は、旧仮名で書くなら「くわいだん」である。『怪談』は英語で書かれていて、その原題は「Kwaidan」である。「クワ」の発音が「kwa」なのがわかるだろう。\n>\n> * （注５）\n> 「怪」は中国語「クアイguai」で、旧仮名「クワイkwai」、新仮名「カイkai」。日本での「クワkwa」と言う発音は、中国語の「gua」がルーツの一つだったのである。\n>\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-27T22:48:27.780",
"id": "39533",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T02:10:29.747",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-28T02:10:29.747",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39532",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39532 | 39533 | 39533 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As far as I can tell from the components, it means to show yourself hiding\nwhich makes no sense. Context is the sentence ＸはＹに顔を覆ってみせる",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T00:47:42.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39534",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-19T01:15:16.423",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-19T01:15:16.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3221",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "What does 覆ってみせる mean?",
"view_count": 305
} | [
{
"body": "顔を覆って == cover one's face (with both hands)\n\n-みせる == that it was done largely to show other person(s)\n\nX did it to show Y -- Sometimes it's fake (pretending to be sad, shocked,\netc.). Other times, the \"pretending\" sense is weak or almost non-existent.\n\nてみせる has other uses :\n\n> <http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=miseru> \n> 今年こそは修士論文を書き上げてみせる。 \n>\n>\n> 今年、僕は大学を卒業してみせる｡ \n> You will see, This year I will graduate.\n\n㋑強い決意を表す。「絶対に勝って―・せる」\n\nSo a better translation may be:\n\n * This year I will graduate college, for sure.\n * This year I will graduate from college, and that's a promise.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T01:26:04.273",
"id": "39536",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T01:59:34.157",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39534",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39534 | null | 39536 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39538",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In a Japanese translation of exerpts of the Lotus Sutra, there is kanji which\nis used that is to varying degrees still used today. Some of them are\nrelatively common in normal speech or writing, whereas others seem to me to be\nmore stilted or only used in formal writing (e.g. 無量 as muryō). Other times,\nthere was kanji used that is still commonly seen in writing, but when one says\nit, there is a different name for it (e.g. 力 is used in the text and is\nwritten in katakana as \"りき\", but I believe that nowadays, its said, \"ちから\").\n\nWhat is the name of this dialect (if there is one) and is it just a temporal\ndifference that caused this contrast- similarly to how Shakespeare sounds\nweird to English speakers in the modern day. And lastly, is there a way to\nlearn more about this type of Japanese?\n\nHere is a [link to a webpage that has the translation written in\nromaji](http://allaboutbuddhism.blogspot.com/2010/10/gongyo-lyrics-myo-ho-ren-\nge-kyo.html?m=1). I couldn't find one that had just the Japanese and kanji on\nit, so I just have a sample photo below:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LKkUF.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T02:38:11.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39537",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-10T11:58:27.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"old-japanese"
],
"title": "What kind of Japanese \"dialect\" is this?",
"view_count": 1295
} | [
{
"body": "The origins of Buddhist sutra are compilicated, but they are generally based\non the transliterated Sanskrit/[Pali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali) or\ntheir Chinese translations. See [Lotus Satra on\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Sutra). Although they might\nhave been more or less \"Japanized\" in terms of pronunciation, they are\nbasically not Japanese. (Noticed all the characters in the page are read with\non-yomi?) I believe no Japanese people talked in this way anywhere in the\nhistory. Some words such as 感無量 were \"cherry-picked\" into the ordinary\nJapanese vocabulary, though.\n\nToday, all Japanese high school students learn basic 古文 (archaic Japanese),\nbut they cannot understand the meaning of sutra because they look totally\ndifferent. Personally, I can identify some words (三昧, 如来, 未曾有, ...) in the\npasted page, but cannot get the meaning of the sentences at all.\n\nIf you want to seriously learn more about this language, perhaps you need to\nenter a university that has a Buddhism course. Or learning Chinese may help?\n\n**TL;DR** : It's more like Latin rather than Shakespeare :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T03:35:26.177",
"id": "39538",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T07:49:12.290",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-28T07:49:12.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39537",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "Yes, this is not Japanese at all. It's not even kanbun in the sense of\n\"Chinese text read as if it were stilted Japanese.\" It is medieval Buddhist\nChinese read character-by-character _as_ Chinese but with a strong \"Japanese\naccent.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T09:50:44.483",
"id": "39545",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T09:50:44.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "531",
"parent_id": "39537",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Many Buddhist prayers and chants aren't really understood by most Japanese\npeople (except perhaps monks and scholars). I've attended Buddhist temples and\nceremonies in Japan and Taiwan and they use very similiar chants. In Japan,\nit's basically pseudo-Chinese (which resembles archaic onyomi but it's unclear\nif it was ever used in Japanese). They make the sounds (pronounced slowly\nsyllable-by-syllable) following a prayer book. Often they do not understand\nthe original meaning or significance of the Kanji and some books are entirely\nin hiragana. It's similar in some regards to reading songs or Christian\nprayers in Latin in western countries. It's not a local dialect at all, these\nare used at Buddhist ceremonies throughout Japan even today, including regions\nwhich have strong local accents and dialects.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T02:15:49.707",
"id": "68068",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-08T02:15:49.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "39537",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39537 | 39538 | 39538 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39540",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "These sentences are taken from a song lyric\n[世界を壊している](https://www5.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/32471.html) sung by Kagamine Rin\nand written by Neru. [The song's\ntranslation](http://vocaloidlyrics.wikia.com/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%82%92%E5%A3%8A%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B_\\(Sekai_o_Kowashite_Iru\\))\nseems off or weird in English.\n\n> 何者にもなれない事が許せなくて \n> 冴えない未来というハンマーを 千鳥足で振るっている \n> 胸のサイレンさえ打ち砕いて \n> **「もういっそこんな人生なんて」って僕は \n> 世界を壊している**\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> 何者にもなれない事くらい知っていたさ \n> 結局は単純明快で 僕が全部悪いんでした \n> ならばもう一生独りだって \n> 「不器用な愛を振り撒いてやる」って僕は \n> **「もういっそこんな人生だから」って僕は \n> 世界を壊している**\n\nもう means already:now, いっそ means rather:preferably, and なんて means such as. The\nline is \"もういっそこんな人生なんて\" and \"もういっそこんな人生だから\". Both continues with 世界を壊している。even\nby knowing the individual words, I still could not interpret the sentences.\nThe translated one says : \"I can't live like this!!\" And \"since this is the\nlife I have to live...\" They are not wrong but it feels like the translator is\na Japanese learning English. This site definitely does not allow translation,\nbut I want to know how the real meaning is reached by each of the following\nwords.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T04:01:36.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39539",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-15T18:46:23.617",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-15T18:46:23.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Translating song lyrics: 「もういっそこんな人生なんて」って僕は / 世界を壊している",
"view_count": 310
} | [
{
"body": "Well, I feel the translator is a native English speaker learning Japanese :)\nThe translation seems satisfactory, at least semantically.\n\nObviously the song is about someone who is in a desperate state because he\nfailed to be successful in life. He was too late (old) to try something again,\nand he also realizes he is not very talented. (BTW 「才能は凡人以下だ」 means \" _My_\ntalent is below average\". It's one of the few mistakes the translator made)\n\nSo 世界を壊している here is not about actually destroying the real whole world (of\ncourse he is well aware that he is not that powerful). The phrase is\neuphemistically referring to self-abandonment, or \"destroying his _life_\nitself\". He is feeling his life (or \"his personal world around him\") is really\nhopeless and meaningless.\n\n * いっそ here is the same as [いっその事](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8). It adds the nuance of \"I might as well (destroy)\" or \"It'd be better to (destroy)\" to the sentence. もう is an intensifier.\n * ～なんて is used to abuse or make light of something. こんな人生なんて is something like \"Damn my life\".\n * って is a colloquial quotative particle similar to と. (Hence \"saying, ...\")\n * ～だから is of course \"because\". The last part roughly means \"Because my life is like this, I'll even destroy it\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T05:28:17.020",
"id": "39540",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T05:40:57.370",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-28T05:40:57.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39539",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39539 | 39540 | 39540 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39543",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a story I was reading, the protagonist was given a reward he didn't want or\nhave use for and the person giving the reward said \"では、どなたかにでもあげて下さい。\" What\ndoes どなたかにでも mean? Is the speaker saying \"give it to someone or something\"? Or\nis there a different meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T06:55:39.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39542",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T07:31:10.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "A question concerning どなたかにでも",
"view_count": 606
} | [
{
"body": "* どなた is an honorific version of だれ (\"who\"), and どなたか is an honorific version of だれか (\"someone\").\n * でも is a particle that implies the preceding phrase is not the only option. You can translate it as \"something like\", \"or so\" etc. You can also use a softener word such as \"maybe\":\n\n>\n> [でも［係助］](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/152508/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82/) \n> ３ 物事をはっきりと言わず、 **一例として挙げる** 意を表す。「けが―したら大変だ」「兄に―相談するか」\n\nSee: [Meaning of \"でも\" in\n\"食事でもどうですか？\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21519/5010)\n\nSo the sentence means \"Then, maybe you can give it to someone (else, after\nreceiving it. So please accept this reward for now).\"\n\nIn this context, どなたかにあげでもしてください means the same thing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T07:18:28.187",
"id": "39543",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T07:31:10.230",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39542",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39542 | 39543 | 39543 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 芳山（yoshiyama:one of the\n> characters)くんというのは、やさしくてかわいいけど、少し[母性愛]{ぼせいあい}[過多]{かた}なんじゃないか？\n\nWhat does _toiunoha_ mean in this context? It doesn't make much sense to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T09:16:19.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39544",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-12T22:37:59.733",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-12T22:37:59.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18068",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does というのは mean right after a name?",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "This would simply mean \"Yoshiyama-kun is...\" but it is used to emphasize this\nperson/compare, maybe in relation to previous sentence it would make sense. It\nis written like \"This man, Yoshiyama, is...\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T11:10:34.243",
"id": "39546",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-28T11:10:34.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16097",
"parent_id": "39544",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39544 | null | 39546 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39549",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently came across the word 旅路【たびじ】 with the meaning \"journey\", which\nincludes the kanji 旅, which on its own can also mean \"journey\". So how do\nthese words differ in their usage? Is there even a difference? Is it just\nnuances? I didn't find any good examples that would explain when to use one or\nthe other. So far when I spoke in Japanese about my travels, I always used\n旅【たび】 or 旅行【りょこう】.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T11:26:53.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39547",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T16:49:07.200",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-29T06:17:04.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9901",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "How do 旅路 and 旅 differ?",
"view_count": 580
} | [
{
"body": "Once again, kanji tells us everything\n\n * 旅: 和語 whose meaning is \"travel\" ;\n * 旅行: 漢語 whose meaning is also \"travel\" (since it is a 漢語 it is a little more 書き言葉 but still, it is heard very often). If you read the kanji, 旅行 means 旅に出る（行く）\n * 旅路: whose meaning is 旅の筋道{すじみち}, that is the path you trod when you was travelling.\n\n> 人生は危険に満ちた旅路のようです。 Life is a travel scattered with pitfalls.\n\nHere by travel, the most important aspect is going down the road of the\ntravel.\n\n> 去年、フランスを旅行しました。 I tripped to France last year.\n>\n> 彼は旅をするのが好きです。 He likes going on a trip.\n\nIn conclusion, 旅路 is more focused on the road while 旅 and 旅行 are mostly words\nwith same meaning.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T12:04:32.223",
"id": "39549",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T16:49:07.200",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "39547",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 39547 | 39549 | 39549 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39557",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Sometimes I come across an English phrase that looks a bit odd, and I wonder\nif it's based on some Japanese phrase unbeknownst to me. Assuming that such a\nquestion would make sense, how can I ask an average Japanese-speaker, as\nopposed to a linguist, about this?\n\nFor example, if I came across \"a carp laid on a chopping block\", or \"steel and\nrice coalition\", and there was some reason I suspected it was based on\nJapanese, how would I ask them about it in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T12:37:14.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39550",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T00:42:51.570",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-29T01:29:41.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"terminology"
],
"title": "How can I ask if an English phrase is based on some Japanese phrase?",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "* 日本語由来の言葉ですか？ (\"Is the phrase Japanese-origin?\")\n * 元は日本語ですか？ (\"Is the origin Japanese?\")\n * 日本語のことわざですか？ (\"Is that a Japanese proverb?\")\n * どこの国の言い方ですか？ (\"A way of saying of what country is it?\")\n\nYou can also use 慣用句 (=\"idiomatic phrase\"), but this may sound a bit too stiff\nin casual conversations.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T01:29:16.210",
"id": "39557",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T01:29:16.210",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39550",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Another alternative: \"その表現、もともと日本語でした？”",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T00:42:51.570",
"id": "39573",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T00:42:51.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15819",
"parent_id": "39550",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39550 | 39557 | 39557 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39553",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading\n\n> Japanese:Revised edition by Shoichi Iwasaki\n\nAnd he talks about 4 types of relative clauses.\n\n**A** )“Cased Head” Type (Relative Clause): the head noun bears some case\nrelation to the predicate in the modifying clause\n\n> 犬を飼っている木村さん。\n\n**B** )“Adverbial Head” Type: the head noun bears an adverbial relation to the\ninformation expressed in the modifier\n\n> 財産をなくした賭け事。\n\n**C** )“Relational Head” Type: the head noun and the modifier form some sort\nof interdependent relationship\n\n> 太郎が東京へ行った翌年。\n\n**D** )“Content Label Head” Type (Appositive Clause): the head noun serves as\na label for the content expressed in the modifier In other words, content\nnouns are those nouns which have the potential to be further commented on for\ntheir content.\n\n> 犬が赤ん坊をかんだ事実。\n\nThis looks pretty straightforward, but when reading is not always so easy, at\nleast for me.\n\nFor example I found this sentence today.\n\n> ちょうどこれまでとは対向線路にあたる闇の向こうから、眩いライトの光が浴びせかけられた。\n\nIs 闇 a type D(“Content Label Head” Type) noun in this sentence? Is it there a\nway to easily spot if it's a type A or Type D? \nI don't have problems with B,C types but as for A,D I can't seem to grasp when\nit's A or D.\n\nHe also goes on saying this:\n\n> In English, noun phrases within a relative clause cannot be further\n> relativized, but this is allowed in some cases in Japanese.\n\nIs this referring to nesting?\n\nEx > 可愛がっていた犬が死んだ子供",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-28T15:13:30.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39551",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T08:09:49.603",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-29T06:58:02.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "11352",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Relative clauses types and confusion",
"view_count": 1009
} | [
{
"body": "A good way to tell the type is to imagine the original sentence without a\nrelative clause.\n\n * A: 木村さんは犬を飼っている。 (木村さん is the subject)\n * B: [私は]賭け事で財産をなくした。 (賭け事で is adverbial)\n * C: (no original sentence; 翌年に太郎が東京へ行った would mean something different)\n * D: (no original sentence; 事実 does not bite a baby)\n\nAnd consider the phrase in question:\n\n> これまでとは対向線路にあたる闇の向こう\n\nWe can think of the original sentence, which is either:\n\n * 闇の向こうはこれまでとは対向線路にあたる。\n * 闇はこれまでとは対向線路にあたる。 \nThe darkness corresponds to the oncoming lane (from the viewpoint of where we\ncame from)\n\nSo 闇 serves as the subject of the verb あたる in the original sentence, just like\n木村さん is the subject of 犬を飼っている.\n\nThis sentence may have confused you because あたる is a verb that can denote an\nappositive relation. In type D, there is no such a verb.\n\n> * 東京に行った話 (Type D; the relative clause is the direct content of 話)\n> * 東京に行った気になる話 (Type B: You feel as if you went to Tokyo _by_ the 話\n> (adverbial))\n> * 東京に行ったことと関係する話 (Type A; 関係する is the subject of 話)\n>\n\n* * *\n\n> > In English, noun phrases within a relative clause cannot be further\n> relativized, but this is allowed in some cases in Japanese.\n>\n> Is this referring to nesting?\n\nI think so. [頭が赤い魚を食べた猫](http://togetter.com/li/567493) can both mean:\n\n * a cat who ate a red-headed fish\n * a fish-eating cat whose head is red\n\nBut if I'm not mistaken, \"a cat who ate a fish whose head is red\" can only\nmean the former (...am I right?)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T00:30:22.830",
"id": "39553",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T01:53:02.027",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-29T01:53:02.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39551",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39551 | 39553 | 39553 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39556",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 彼らは工場を建設するだけの資金を持っている。\n\nThe translation on Jisho is: \"They have enough capital to build a second\nfactory.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T01:02:41.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39555",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T01:21:09.493",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-29T01:07:54.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"particle-だけ"
],
"title": "What's the role of だけの in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1250
} | [
{
"body": "だけ of course mainly means \"only\", but it has other meanings. `clause + だけ` can\nmean \"to the degree that ～\".\n\n[On JGram](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=dake), the following\nexamples are relevant.\n\n> * この本は読むだけの価値がある。 \n> This book is certainly worth reading. \n> (lit. \"This book has the value to the extent you read\")\n> * 日本語がこれだけ書ければとてもすばらしいと思います。 \n> I think it's great that you can write Japanese like this. (or: this much,\n> to this extent)\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T01:14:32.273",
"id": "39556",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T01:14:32.273",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39555",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "(wanted to just leave a comment, but I don't have enough points or\nsomething...)\n\nI think it's a typo. Should be: これだけ書けばとても、、、\n\nEdit --\n\nあら！The 書ければ form is indeed correct. 書く=to write, 書ける=is able to write, 書ければ=\nif __ were able to write. 間違いました！m(_ _)m",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T00:46:33.983",
"id": "39574",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T01:21:09.493",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-30T01:21:09.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "15819",
"owner_user_id": "15819",
"parent_id": "39555",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39555 | 39556 | 39556 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm sure I'm going to kick myself on this, but for some reason I just can't\nget my head around it. From Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone:\n\n> 二人が通りの端から端まで、車のヘッドライトが **見えはしないか** と探している間に、音は確実に大きくなってきた。\n\nIs this the grammar construction するかしないかのうちに as in: \" _no sooner had they\nblah, then blah_ \"?\n\nIs 見え the noun form of the potential form of 見る or just a word that I can't\nseem to find in either of my dictionaries? Does it mean a sight or a glimpse\n(as per the English version)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T12:55:54.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39563",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T10:48:29.663",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-29T13:17:28.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "'見えはしないか' confused",
"view_count": 738
} | [
{
"body": "(From comment)\n\nThis actually is not the gramatical construction of するかしないかのうちに as in: \"no\nsooner had they blah, then blah\"?\n\nHere, 見えはしない, in the meaning, generally the same with 見えない (except that the\nsense of は is added)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T08:34:24.097",
"id": "39829",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T08:34:24.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10859",
"parent_id": "39563",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "* Is this the grammar construction するかしないかのうちに as in: \"no sooner had they blah, then blah\"? \nNo, even though they look similar.\n\n * Is 見え the noun form of the potential form of 見る? \nNo. But it is almost there. The potential form of 見る is 見られる. \n見え comes from the verb 見える, which is an independent verb, even though 見える and\n見られる have the same meaning.\n\n見え is the noun form of the verb 見える. \nIn Japanese this is called 動詞の連用形の名詞化. \nThe masu-form of a verb can be used as a noun.\n\nExamples: \n書く (dictionary form) \n書きます (masu-form) \n書き (noun)\n\n書きが下手。kaki ga heta. \n...writing is poor.\n\n見える (dictionary form) \n見えます (masu-form) \n見え (noun)\n\n見えはしない。mie wa shinai. \n...can't see.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T10:19:53.410",
"id": "39831",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T10:19:53.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39563",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39563 | null | 39829 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39565",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Mostly why 細 is read じ? In every list I looked up 細 can only be read サイ and\n亜細亜 is never referenced as 難読 in the entries (about 細) I looked up. What was\nthe reason to pick 細 for the じ sound? Can we see 細 as じ in other 当て字?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T14:11:44.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39564",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T14:53:59.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"ateji"
],
"title": "How was 細 chosen in 亜細亜?",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "細 is read \"xi(シ)\" in Chinese language, so only the sound seems to be used in\n亜細亜.\n\nCountry names are written in kanji in China, so country names written in Kanji\nin Japan may be affected by China.\n\nSources: <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1176604926>\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D%E3%81%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T14:53:59.917",
"id": "39565",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T14:53:59.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "39564",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39564 | 39565 | 39565 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39569",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "**tl;dr** How do I say \"You're hurting him\"?\n\nSuppose I'm teaching a child how to care for a small pet. If the child holds\nthe pet wrong, I can say \"Stop that. You're hurting it\". In English, this has\ntwo possible meanings:\n\n 1. \"Your action is likely to injure the pet.\"\n 2. \"Your action causes the pet pain.\"\n\nThe first of these two meanings seems to be covered by the Japanese 怪我をさせる and\n傷を負わせる. I could not find any way to express the second. How can I do that?\nSimilarly, how would I apologize for having hurt someone, that is for doing\nsomething that physically hurt but did not injure?\n\nHere are some possibilities that I have considered and rejected. If one of\nthese is actually correct, I would be grateful if you could correct my\nunderstanding of it:\n\n 1. **痛める** - This was my first guess, because of the obvious relation to 痛い. However, after checking several dozen example sentences it seems to only be used for self-inflicted injury, usually accidental (\"I hurt my arm\", \"he broke his leg falling\") and damage caused to inanimate objects.\n 2. **傷つける** - Another good candidate, but explanations and usage examples indicate that it is limited to hurting someone's feelings, rather than for physical pain.\n 3. **傷を負う** and **怪我をする** - As mentioned above, only refer to injuries, and not to the sensation of pain by itself.\n 4. **〜すると痛い** - This means that an action causes pain to the actor (\"It hurts when I do this\", or \"does it hurt when you do that?\").\n 5. **やめなさい、痛いんです** - Close to what I want, but only applies in the case where **you're** hurting **me**. This does not allow for an inversion of roles or a third party.\n 6. **This cannot or will not be expressed in Japanese** - This seems unlikely, but consider the case in English. The example sentence \"You're hurting it\" is the natural way to express both possible meanings in common conversation. If I really want to clarify, I might say \"You're injuring it\" or \"You could injure it\", although that is not what one would normally say. However, \"You're causing it pain\" sounds to me so far removed from daily speech, that I would not expect to ever hear it, even when ambiguity is possible.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T16:33:43.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39566",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-07T22:24:44.147",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-07T22:24:44.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "18084",
"owner_user_id": "18084",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"spoken-language",
"phrase-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to speak about causing pain",
"view_count": 538
} | [
{
"body": "Hmmm. It sounds like you may be describing 2 situations:\n\n 1. where a child is intentionally hurting the animal. In which case:\n\nやめなさい！犬（or some 動物）がかわいそうだろう。or 犬が痛いだろう！\n\n 2. where a child is clumsily or carelessly hurting the animal:\n\n丁寧に（or やさしく）持ちなさい。痛くさせちゃだめよ。\n\n(edited させじゃ to させちゃ）",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T23:48:36.050",
"id": "39569",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T23:57:22.060",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-29T23:57:22.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "15819",
"owner_user_id": "15819",
"parent_id": "39566",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "「そんなに強く抱くと、犬が痛がるよ。」 \n「きつく掴む（つかむ）と、ワンちゃんが痛いでしょ。」\n\nFor a smaller child : 「ほら、ギューっと抱くから、ワンちゃんが『痛い、痛い』って （言ってるよ／鳴いてるよ）。」\n\n「もっと ソフト にしないと、犬が怪我するよ。」 \n「もっと やさしく しないと、怪我させちゃうでしょ。」\n\nI'm sure there are many more variations.\n\n* * *\n\nThis last example seemed a bit illogical (***) -- (I wondered if it's correct)\n-- but it seems correct & ok & legit. -- there are many Web pages, e.g. :\n\n> 賠償請求できる？遊びに来た子どもが犬に怪我をさせた - 弁護士ニュース ... \n> <http://houritsu-madoguchi.com/bengoshi-news/437/> \n> 2015/03/11 - もしも、自宅へ遊びに来た子どもが自宅で飼っているペットの犬に乱暴してしまったら……。犬が怪我をして ...\n> 一方、民事責任については、子どもが誤って犬を怪我させた場合にも民法上の規定にしたがって損害賠償請求を行うことができます。\n\n子どもが犬に怪我をさせた \n子どもが誤って犬を怪我させた\n\n(***) 「犬に怪我させちゃう」 -- Maybe it's just me, but this sounds like the dog is an\nintelligent being with a mind similar to a human's.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T07:56:55.593",
"id": "39602",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-03T19:38:04.177",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-03T19:38:04.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39566",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39566 | 39569 | 39569 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "It is a situation that a boy who wanted to retaliate to another one but was\nprevented by an officer.\n\nThe first boy: はなせっ あのやろうとケリをつけるんだ こないだの借りをたたきかえしてやるんだっ\n\nThe officer (said to the first boy): この問題児めおまえに **歯のたつ相手** か！\n\nIn my opinion, the officer would ask something about how the first boy\nretaliate to the another one by using his teeth. However, I don't see any\ntransitive verb to use with 'his teeth'. Is it possible that the phrase\ncontains figurative meaning?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T16:36:59.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39567",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-20T22:57:09.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"manga",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of the phrase 「歯のたつ相手」?",
"view_count": 384
} | [
{
"body": "I'm guessing it has to do with\n[歯が立たない](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%AD%AF%E3%81%8C%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-597790).\n\n> ②自分の力が弱くて，対抗することや理解することができない。\n\nBut in the manga it is said in the affirmative + か, probably meaning:\n\n\"You think you're stronger than him??!\" or something along those lines.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-29T17:01:47.803",
"id": "39568",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-29T17:01:47.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "39567",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "* おまえに歯の立つ相手か！\n\n * Do you think you stand a chance? -- (a fighting chance, literally) \n\n> 鳴門秘帖 <https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=ng3nBgAAQBAJ>\n>\n> 吉川英治 --\n> 不意に名を指されたいぶかしさに、思わずそこから振りかえると、「そちに歯の立つ相手ではない。必ずとも追ってはならぬ」「や?・・・・・・もし」と銀五郎、戻ってくるなり虚無僧の足もとへ片膝片手をつきながら、「まず何よりは、今のお礼から申し上げなくっちゃなり\n> ...\n\n * 「そちに歯の立つ相手ではない。必ずとも追ってはならぬ」\n\n * [He's no match for you. Do not pursue.]\n\nおまえに歯の立つ相手か！ -- this か is actually negative. (rhetorical question)\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetorical_question>\n\n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/34861/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%8B/> \n> ２. 反語の意を表す。「いいかげんな意見にどうして賛成できよう―」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T01:06:19.673",
"id": "39575",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-20T22:57:09.327",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-20T22:57:09.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39567",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39567 | null | 39568 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39577",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If one wanted to say \"go wrong\" like in the sentence \"anything that could go\nwrong will go wrong\", how do they say it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T05:28:14.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39576",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T06:35:16.073",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"syntax"
],
"title": "How to say \"go wrong?\"",
"view_count": 624
} | [
{
"body": "I think I would use 想定外 \"soutei-gai\" (unexpected) as something that \"goes\nwrong\" is an in essence unexpected. Then as for the sentence\n\nmaybe something like this would work... I just kinda made it up on the fly.\n\n想定外になれるものではあれば、想定外になる",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T05:50:32.047",
"id": "39577",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T05:56:17.597",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-30T05:56:17.597",
"last_editor_user_id": "17841",
"owner_user_id": "17841",
"parent_id": "39576",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "\"Anything that could go wrong will go wrong\" can be translated as:\n\n * **うまく行かない** 可能性があるものは、 **うまく行かない** (lit. \"not to go well\")\n * **失敗する** かもしれないものは、 **失敗する** (lit. \"to fail\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T06:35:16.073",
"id": "39613",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T06:35:16.073",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39576",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39576 | 39577 | 39577 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39587",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know how to say \"I saw a cat\" 「猫を見た」. However once a verb get's involved I'm\nnot so sure anymore. I have two ideas on how to say it. The sentences is\nsuppose to read \"I saw someone being in that house over there\".\n\n> あの家に誰かいると見た\n>\n> あの家に誰かいることを見た\n\nI don't know if either of those sounds any good. How would you report seeing\nsomething that involves a verb? Rephrasing it without the verb is not allowed\nunless you have a way to do it with all verbs and nouns. Also if there exist a\nnuanced way of saying it that implies that what is being seen is still\nongoing, please share that as well. Like I saw a person there and he is still\nthere.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T10:39:27.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39580",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T01:03:34.800",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "13677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "How to say that you saw something with a verb?",
"view_count": 3857
} | [
{
"body": "\"I saw someone being in that house over there\" is expressed as あの家に誰かいる **の**\nを見た.\n\nあの家に誰かいると見た means that you have assumed that someone is in the house by\nobserving the situation.\n\nあの家に誰かいることを見た means that you considered a precondition that someone would be\nin the house. e.g. あの家にだれかいることを見て夕方に行くことにした: Considering someone would be in\nthe house (then), I decided to go there evening.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T14:28:40.273",
"id": "39585",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T14:28:40.273",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "39580",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Maybe you could say...\n\n * あの家に｛誰かが/誰か｝いる **の** を見た。 \n\nor maybe:\n\n * あの家に｛誰かが/誰か｝いる **ところ** を見た。\n\n> 「XXがYYするのを見る」「XXがYYするところを見る」 \"see XX do YY\" \n> 「XXがYYしているのを見る」「XXがYYしているところを見る」 \"see XX doing YY\"\n\nExamples:\n\n * 山田さんが道を｛渡るのを/渡るところを｝見た。 \nI saw Yamada-san cross the road.\n\n * 山田さんが道を｛渡っているのを/渡っているところを｝見た。 \nI saw Yamada-san crossing the road.\n\n * (私は)佐藤くんが鈴木さんのコーヒーを飲むのを見ました。 \nI saw Sato-kun drink Suzuki-san's coffee.\n\n * (私は)佐藤くんが鈴木さんのコーヒーを飲んでいるのを見ました。 \nI saw Sato-kun drinking Suzuki-san's coffee.\n\n* * *\n\nAs for your first sentence:\n\n> あの家に誰かいる **と** 見た\n\n\"Sentence + quotative と + 見る\" has a different meaning than \"to see\nsomething/someone do(ing) ~~\". 明鏡国語辞典 says:\n\n> 見る \n> ⓫《「〜と見る」の形で、文を・・・受けて》周りの状況にてらして、ある判断を下す。「社長は今が規模拡張のチャンスだと見ている」\n\n見る in \"～～と見る\" doesn't mean \"to physically see something with your eyes\", but\n\"to judge\", \"presume\", or \"regard\". For example:\n\n * 我々は、遭難者のほとんどが死んだ **と見て** 、捜索を打ち切った。 \nWe presumed that most of the victims were dead and gave up the search.\n\n * 私は、この仕事には彼が適任 **と見て** いる。 \nI regard him to be the right person for this job.\n\nAs for your second sentence:\n\n> あの家に誰かいることを見た\n\nIt doesn't really sound natural to me, I'm afraid.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T15:46:16.567",
"id": "39587",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T01:03:34.800",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-02T01:03:34.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39580",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39580 | 39587 | 39585 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39582",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In 大辞泉 (via _goo_\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/34861/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%8B/)) at the\nfirst line I found the phrase\n\n> ［副助］種々の語に付く。\n\nWhat is the meaning of 副助? Can not find it..",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T11:04:54.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39581",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T13:22:46.313",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-30T11:46:33.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "7045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"dictionary",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 副助?",
"view_count": 544
} | [
{
"body": "Dictionaries usually list abbreviations. 副助 stands for 副助詞 \"adverbial\nparticle\", i.e. [副助] = [ _adv. part._ ].\n\nThe suffix 詞 is added to all parts of speech and is omitted in the\nabbreviations. There are also 副詞 \"adverb\" and 助詞 \"particle\" which would be\nabbreviated [副] and [助].",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T11:25:03.483",
"id": "39582",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T13:22:46.313",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-30T13:22:46.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "39581",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39581 | 39582 | 39582 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Been searching around the web for answers, none found. My guess is that it's\nuncooked rice (as \"unedged\" rice doesn't make any sense).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T11:51:01.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39583",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-08T16:45:23.293",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-30T13:19:05.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "11397",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"food",
"terminology"
],
"title": "What does 研がず mean in cooking?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "Before cooking rice, many people wash the rice by \"grinding\" (hence 研ぐ) the\nindividual grains against one another under flowing water until the water runs\nmore or less clear. (In the olden days the purpose of the grinding was to\nremove the hull (糠【ぬか】).)\n\nIn the process of this, together with rest of the hulls and dust, minerals and\nstarch are also removed.\n\nIn any case, お米を研がず means \"without washing the rice (rigorous/vigorously)\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T13:16:23.343",
"id": "39584",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T13:16:23.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "39583",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary 研ぐ may mean \"to wash in water\" (水の中で洗う):\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/53967/meaning/m0u/%E7%A0%94%E3%81%90/>\n\nSo 研がず means \"unwashed\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T16:45:23.293",
"id": "39797",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-08T16:45:23.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39583",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39583 | null | 39584 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I don't think I really get it. Could someone please help me?\n\n> 倍返しどころの話ではないぞ！\n\nIs it something like this: It's not even close to paying in double?\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T14:42:57.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39586",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-08T16:38:50.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18095",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "Can someone help me understand「どころの話ではない」in this sentence?",
"view_count": 896
} | [
{
"body": "The meaning is: -- (the revenge will be) much more than twice the original\noffense.\n\n「やられたらやり返す。倍返しだ！」 was used in a TV show and 「倍返しだ」 became a popular buzz-word\nfor that year.\n\nFrom:\n[http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/どころでない](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\n\n * 彼は若いどころでない He is far from young. - 斎藤和英大辞典\n\n * 面白いどころでない “Interesting” is no name for it. - 斎藤和英大辞典\n\nSimilar ( or possibly-confusing ) expressions:\n\n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/17332/meaning/m0u/>\n> わけがない／はずがない／べくもない／ことはない／どころではない\n>\n> 〔どころではない〕 ▽ 宿題が山ほどたまっていて、遊びに行くどころではないんです",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T21:50:54.663",
"id": "39589",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-30T21:50:54.663",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39586",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It's hard to explain what どころ means by itself (etymologically it's somehow\nrelated to 所), but it is a kind of particle which marks something totally\ndifferent from the reality. See [this dictionary\nentry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D-583229). You would\nsee this in one of the following forms:\n\n> * Aどころか、Bだ。\n> * Aどころではない。（むしろ/実際は/etc）Bだ。\n> * Aどころの話ではない。（むしろ/実際は/etc）Bだ。\n> * Aどころの騒ぎではない。（むしろ/実際は/etc）Bだ。\n>\n\nAどころか forms a subordinate clause. The others can form a standalone sentence\nand means \"Far from A\", \"Saying A is out of the question / severe\nunderstatement / totally wrong\", etc.\n\nThis どころ(か) is used to strongly negate A in order to emphasize B. Unlike\nEnglish \"far from being ～\", the \"reality\" part (B) can be either something\nmore extreme than A or something opposite from A. In other words, A can be\neither a severe understatement or just plain wrong. The followings all make\nsense:\n\n> * 「彼女は若いの？」「若いどころじゃないよ、彼女は2歳だ。」 (saying young is not enough...)\n> * 「彼女は若いの？」「若いどころじゃないよ、彼女は100歳だ。」 (far from young ...)\n> * 10万円儲けるどころか、1000万円儲かった。\n> * 10万円儲けるどころか、10万円損をしてしまった。\n>\n\nSo 倍返しどころの話ではないぞ means 倍返し (=\"double payback / getting you back double\", a\nfamous phrase used on a recent TV drama) is either not enough at all or\ntotally wrong. Theoretically, a sentence that can follow would be something\nlike むしろ10倍返しだ (\"tenfold payback\") or something like むしろ感謝しなければならない (\"we need\nto thank them\"), depending on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T02:32:14.423",
"id": "39596",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T18:05:46.110",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-02T18:05:46.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39586",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "倍返しどころの話ではないぞ！ \nIt's not even close to paying in double. \n\nYES! I think your translation is correct! \nどころ is used to indicate a completely different or opposite situation. \nSo it could mean paying much more than double... or it could be paying\nnothing! What is the opposite of paying double? Without context the sentence\nis ambiguous.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T16:38:50.827",
"id": "39796",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-08T16:38:50.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39586",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39586 | null | 39596 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39619",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 他にいいものがたくさんあるけど、やっぱりこれにする。\n>\n> \"There are a lot of other good things, but as I thought I'll go with this\n> one\"\n\nWhat is the に particle doing here? Is it turning 他 into an adjective? I\nunderstand that いいもの means good thing but I can't figure out why they wrote\n他にいいもの instead of 他いいもの.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T20:36:28.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39588",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-03T15:20:35.857",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "What is the に particle in 他に doing",
"view_count": 399
} | [
{
"body": "他にいいもの is better than 他のいいもの. Other expressions are 他にも, 他のもの. 他に is an\nadverb, the meaning of [他に](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BB%96%E3%81%AB)\nare besides, without. So に add at 他.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T02:03:36.140",
"id": "39594",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-01T02:03:36.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13619",
"parent_id": "39588",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "[他]{ほか} is a noun. And it can be used alone as a noun; example from 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> 「ここには[見当]{みあ}たらないから、どこか **[他]{ほか}を** [捜]{さが}そう。」\n\nIt can also be used adverbially; from 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> 「[会長]{かいちょう} **[他]{ほか}** [三名]{さんめい}が[出席]{しゅっせき}」 \n> 「[文書]{ぶんしょ}をもってする **[他]{ほか}** 、[口頭]{こうとう}でも[説明]{せつめい}する」\n\nSince 他 is a noun, 他 **の** can modify nouns / noun phrases adjectivally...\nlike 「[別]{べつ}の + [部屋]{へや}」「[右]{みぎ}の + [箱]{はこ}」 etc., as in:\n\n> **[他]{ほか}の** [人]{ひと} -- other people / someone else \n> **他の** もの -- other things / something else\n\nAnd 他 **に** can modify verbs adverbially... like 「別に + する (= 分ける)」「[左右]{さゆう}に\n+ [振]{ふ}る」 etc., as in the examples from 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> 「何か **他に** [必要]{ひつよう}なものはありませんか」(Do you need anything other than that?) \n> 「[釣]{つ}りの **他に** 、カメラが好きだ」(Besides fishing, I like taking photos.)\n\nSo, going back to your sentence...\n\n> **他に** いいものがたくさんあるけど・・・\n\nThe 他に (\"other than that\" / \"beside that\") modifies the verb ある (\"exist\" →\n\"There are\") adverbially. So it literally means \"Although there are a lot of\ngood things other than that...\", hence the translation \"There are a lot of\nother good things, but...\".\n\n* * *\n\n> instead of 他いいもの\n\n[他]{ほか} is a noun, so you can't just connect a noun 「他」 + a noun phrase\n「いいもの」. \nYou'd say 「他の + いいもの」 to _literally_ say \"other + good things\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T14:56:36.207",
"id": "39619",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-03T15:20:35.857",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-03T15:20:35.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39588",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 39588 | 39619 | 39619 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39597",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> So Person A says: `どうしたんですか？`\n>\n> Person B replies: `忘れ物をしたんです。`\n\nI'm not understanding `した` in this sentence. `忘れ物` means `something left\nbehind or forgotten`. So I translate `忘れ物をした` as `did forgotten-thing`. Which\nmakes little sense. So how am I to translate or make sense of `した`'s use here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-30T23:31:49.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39591",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-08T15:53:50.513",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What does する mean here?",
"view_count": 316
} | [
{
"body": "忘れ物 is a noun, so you have to add する to make it a verb.\n\nYou can take it together to mean: _\"I forgot something.\"_\n\nA similar example is 食べ物, literally translated as \"thing to eat\" or \"eating-\nthing\". So in the same way you would say: 食べ物を食べた。 - _I ate something_ not _I\nate something to eat_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T00:10:02.637",
"id": "39593",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-01T00:10:02.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "39591",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "する here is a [light verb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_verb), which\nmeans you basically have to memorize which verb should be used with which\nnoun.\n\nIn Japanese, 忘れ物 is a noun which is always used with する, and 忘れものをする is a very\ncommon way to say \"forget/leave something\". You have to memorize this.\n\nEnglish also has verb usages which are almost unpredictable for learners. In\nEnglish you can say \"do the dishes\" to mean washing dishes, but Japanese\npeople never say 皿をする. See [this\nquestion](https://ell.stackexchange.com/q/42909/8629), too.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T02:38:31.687",
"id": "39597",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-01T03:55:39.607",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:55:20.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39591",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary, 忘れ物 can also be used as a verb: \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/238200/meaning/m0u/%E5%BF%98%E3%82%8C%E7%89%A9/>\n\nSo 忘れ物をする means \"to forget something, to leave something behind\".\n\nI agree with you that literally the expression doesn't make sense, but it is\nlisted in the dictionary.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T15:53:50.513",
"id": "39794",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-08T15:53:50.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39591",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39591 | 39597 | 39597 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39820",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In [どうしたの？] the の is seeking explanation right?\n\nWhat's the diffence between [どうしたの？] and [どうしたのか？] ?\n\nboth are casual speaking but is the first one more feminine?\n\nI know the formal one would be [どうしたのですか？]\n\nThank you :)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T02:26:07.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39595",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T03:48:40.947",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-01T15:55:19.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "16104",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "どうしたの or どうしたのか？",
"view_count": 2119
} | [
{
"body": "According to the \"Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\" page 322: \n\"の is sentence-final particle used by a female speaker or a child to indicate\nan explanation or emotive emphasis.\"\n\nSo the の used at the end of the sentence is used for emphasis.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T15:34:12.943",
"id": "39793",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-08T15:34:12.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39595",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The explanatory [の] particle is usually use in casual speech to make actual\nquestion.\n\nIn casual speech, The question marker [か] is often used to consider whether\nsomething is true or not.\n\nBy using [のか], you would be requesting a yes-no-answer along with an\nexplanatory answer afterward.\n\n**[か] :**\n\n**\"Is there any problem ?**\n\n**[の] :**\n\n**\"What is the problem ?\"**\n\n**[のか] :**\n\n**\"Is there any problem ? If yes, then what it is ?\"**",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T16:06:25.733",
"id": "39795",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T00:31:34.220",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-09T00:31:34.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "18119",
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"parent_id": "39595",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "どうしたの？ is often considered feminine, but many guys use it, too (though it\nmight depend on the region).\n\nYou don't really say どうしたのか？ to mean \"What's wrong?\" in conversation.* \nYou'd rather say どうしたんだ？ or just どうした？ to sound masculine.\n\nYou'd use ～のか？ in yes-no questions, as in:\n\n> * どうしたんだ？お[腹]{なか}が[痛]{いた}い **のか** ？ \n> What's wrong? Do you have a stomachache?\n> * [何]{なに}してるんだ？[勉強]{べんきょう}してる **のか** ？ \n> What are you doing? Are you studying?\n> * どこに[行]{い}ってたんだ？[学校]{がっこう}には行った **のか** ？ \n> Where have you been? Did you go to school?\n>\n\nThe examples above would sound pretty masculine. To sound feminine, you could\nsay like 「どうしたの？お腹が痛いの？」「何してるの？勉強してるの？」「どこに行ってたの？学校には行ったの？」\n\nAnd yes, its polite/formal version is どうしたのですか？ \nIn speech, it's usually pronounced どうした **ん** ですか？\n\n*You might see 「何/どう/どこ etc + のか？/のだろうか？のであろうか？etc」 in formal but not polite writing. You'd also see 「何/どう/どこ etc + か」 in subordinate clauses, eg 「何をしている **のか** 、わからない。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T03:21:39.880",
"id": "39820",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T03:48:40.947",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-10T03:48:40.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39595",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39595 | 39820 | 39820 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39603",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference between these two words? My teacher has listed a few\nexamples of each:\n\n紙の裏{うら} • ビルの裏 • 裏ゲート\n\n後ろの席 • Aさんの後ろ\n\nMy hypothesis is that 裏 refers to a surface (such as paper, building) while 後ろ\nrefers to the three-dimensional space behind an object (such as seats in a\ntheatre, space behind a person) **Is this accurate?**\n\nAfter trying to read an answer on a Japanese forum, I found myself more\nconfused; 車の裏 can mean the bottom of the car, and ビルの裏 refers to the side\nopposite the entrance whereas ビルの後ろ refers to the side opposite the place\nwhere the speaker stands / is talking about. **Are there any general rules to\nexplain when 裏 means bottom, or when 裏 and 後ろ change depending on point of\nview?**\n\nLink to forum: <http://sp.okwave.jp/qa/q7795599.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T03:10:14.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39598",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-08T15:21:37.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between うら and 後ろ",
"view_count": 2761
} | [
{
"body": "裏 means the opposite side of surface or ~~the field that belongs to that\naspect~~ extensionally a zone that lies in front of that aspect while 後ろ means\nbackward of something when objects or spaces are put in a row in order.\n\nIn other words, when the target object doesn't have linguistically\nrecognizable surface, 裏 doesn't make sense, and when the surface runs\nvertically (and when you take the nearer object in your perspective as 前), 裏\noverlaps 後ろ. When the surface runs horizontally, 裏 overlaps 上 or 下 like the\nexample of a car, in which 後ろ usually doesn't coincide with 裏.\n\nIn addition, 裏 usually implies the side invisible from your perspective.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T08:36:36.097",
"id": "39603",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-01T13:40:31.420",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-01T13:40:31.420",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "39598",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "裏 means \"back\". The opposite of 裏 is 表 which means \"front\". \n裏(ura): back \n表(omote): front \n\n裏 and 表 are used for objects that have 2 sides, one being the front, the other\nbeing the back. \nSo you can say ビルの裏, because a building usually has a front and back sides. \nBut you cannot say 木の裏, since a tree doesn't have a back or front side. \n\n後ろ means \"behind\". The opposite of 後ろ is 前 \n後ろ (ushiro): behind \n前 (mae): front \n\nYou can say 木の後ろ meaning \"behind the tree\". \n木の前 means the space between you and the tree.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T15:21:37.103",
"id": "39792",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-08T15:21:37.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39598",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39598 | 39603 | 39603 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "先生の事好きですか here means \"do (you all) like (your/the) teacher?\" 先生 means teacher\nand 事 means event. So does 先生の事 means \"event of teacher\"? Or precisely \"the\nteaching of the teacher\"? Then it would mean the \"lesson\" is the one to be\nliked then, not the teacher.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T05:35:09.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39601",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-01T05:35:09.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "What does this phrase mean?(not asking for translation)",
"view_count": 44
} | []
| 39601 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39606",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": ">\n> 学校というのは、とにかく「みんな仲良く」で、「いつも心が触れ合って、みんなで一つだ」という、まさにここで私は「幻想」という言葉を使ってみたいのですが、「一年生になったら」という歌に象徴されるような「友達幻想」というものが強調される場所のような気がします\n\nHere is my try at it,\n\n> 学校というのは、とにかく「みんな仲良く」で、「いつも心が触れ合って、みんなで一つだ」という、 \n> It is said that school is a place where \"everyone are getting along with\n> each other, mutual touching and together as one\". (Assumption: I've never\n> heard this song)\n\n> まさにここで私は「幻想」という言葉を使ってみたいのですが \n> I want to try to use the word \"idealised image\" right here,\n\n> 「一年生になったら」という歌に象徴されるような「友達幻想」というものが強調される場所のような気がします \n> I feel like it was emphasized by thing called \"a fantasy friend\" that was\n> symbolized by a song, \"become first grader\"\n\n* * *\n\nI am not quite sure of the last part. Also from where should I start to\ntranslate? From the last word? And I'm confused about two ような and 受け身 here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T10:47:41.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39604",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-15T18:42:58.317",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-15T18:42:58.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "15896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "学校というのは、とにかく「みんな仲良く」で、「いつも心が触れ合って、みんなで一つだ」という、まさにここで私は「幻想」という言葉を使ってみたいのですが、「一年生になったら」という歌に象徴されるような「友達幻想」というものが強調される場所のような気がします",
"view_count": 276
} | [
{
"body": "The basic structure:\n\n> 学校というのは、 (very long modifier here) 場所のような気がします。 \n> I feel that school is (such-and-such) a place.\n\n場所 is modified by a relative clause, 「友達幻想」というものが強調される:\n\n> 学校というのは、 **「友達幻想」というものが強調される場所** のような気がします。 \n> I feel that school is **a place where something called \"friend fantasy\" is\n> emphasized**.\n\n友達幻想 is further modified by 「一年生になったら」という歌に象徴されるような:\n\n> 学校というのは、 **「一年生になったら」という歌に象徴されるような「友達幻想」** というものが強調される場所のような気がします。 \n> I feel that school is a place where something called **\"friend fantasy\", as\n> symbolized by a song named \"When I Have Become a First Grader\"** , is\n> emphasized.\n\nThe song 「一年生になったら」 is further modified by\nとにかく「みんな仲良く」で「いつも心が触れ合って、みんなで一つだ」という:\n\n> 学校というのは、 **とにかく「みんな仲良く」で、「いつも心が触れ合って、みんなで一つだ」という、**\n> 「一年生になったら」という歌に象徴されるような「友達幻想」というものが強調される場所のような気がします。 \n> I feel that school is a place where something called \"friend fantasy\", as\n> symbolized by a song named \"When I Have Become a First Grader\", **which says\n> \"Everyone should get along, touching one another's heart, together as one\"**\n> , is emphasized.\n\nFinally, まさにここで私は「幻想」という言葉を使ってみたいのですが is a [parenthetical\nphrase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthesis_\\(rhetoric\\)) that\nintroduces an aside information (perhaps this could be the most tricky part in\nthis sentence):\n\n> 学校というのは、とにかく「みんな仲良く」で、「いつも心が触れ合って、みんなで一つだ」という、\n> **まさにここで私は「幻想」という言葉を使ってみたいのですが**\n> 、「一年生になったら」という歌に象徴されるような「友達幻想」というものが強調される場所のような気がします。 \n> I feel that school is a place where something called \"friend fantasy\"\n> **(yes I want to use the word \"fantasy\" here)** , as symbolized by a song\n> named \"When I Have Become a First Grader\", which says \"Everyone should get\n> along, touching one another's heart, together as one\", is emphasized.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T12:59:02.370",
"id": "39606",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-01T12:59:02.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39604",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39604 | 39606 | 39606 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are 突然に and 突然のことで just different ways to say the same thing?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T12:16:21.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39605",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T09:57:50.040",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-02T07:21:08.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "17899",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 突然に and 突然のことで?",
"view_count": 388
} | [
{
"body": "* 突然に ( _suddenly_ ) is mostly an adverb in the literal sense of the word, which is to say it usually modifies verbs and describes a certain aspect (namely, suddenness) of the way the actions denoted them take place.\n\n> チャンスは突然(に)やってくる。(Opportunities come _suddenly_.)\n>\n> 電車は突然(に)停止した。(The train stopped _suddenly_.)\n\nAs indicated by (), the に can be (and often is) omitted.\n\n * 突然のことで is an adverbial phrase that modifies clauses and serves to give the reason/cause (that is, the reason/cause of suddenness) for the particular events or situations expressed by them.\n\n> 突然のことで、なんと申し上げてよいか言葉もありません。( _It being so sudden_ , I have no words at the\n> ready to offer.)\n>\n> 突然のことで申し訳ありません。(I am sorry _for it being so sudden_.)\n>\n> 突然のことで、驚きました。(I was startled _by the suddenness of it_.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-01T23:17:33.557",
"id": "39609",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T09:57:50.040",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "39605",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39605 | null | 39609 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39612",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is the で after おかげ a て-form or the context particle?\n\n> 友達のおかげで、映画はただで見られた。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T03:43:06.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39610",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T06:01:47.817",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-02T05:13:17.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Is the で here connecting the two sentences or does it act as a context particle?",
"view_count": 559
} | [
{
"body": "> 友達の おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。\n\nThe meaning is : \"Thanks to my friend(s), . . . \"\n\nのおかげで by grace of, by virtue of, It's thanks to, owing to\n\nLiteraly : (Because of) being owing to my friend(s), . . . ( literal tr. is\nesp. hard because of おかげ )\n\nHere, のおかげで is a Te-form of のおかげだ --- Same as the example (6) below : \"Today\nbeing Saturday, . . . \"\n\nSee: <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/38582/16344>\n\n```\n\n (5) a. 公園でポピーに会って, ヒューはとても喜んだ｡ \n b. [Bumping into] Poppy in the park, [Hugh] was very pleased.\n Having bumped into ... , \n \n (6) a. 今日は土曜日で, ヒューは学校がある｡ \n b. Today being Saturday, [Hugh] has school.\n \n (7) a. 正直に言って, クーは太りすぎだ｡ \n b. Honestly speaking, Koo is overweight.\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\n> Is the で after おかげ a て-form or the context particle?\n\nWow! i had no idea that this is such a hard question. I believe that in some\nfundamental sense, there is no difference between the two for おかげで\n\nSeveral Web sites seem to classify おかげで as [て形], but maybe if i check closely,\nthey may contain restrictions or limitations.\n\n * 友達の おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。\n * タダ券の おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。\n\n * 今日が土曜日なのと タダ券の おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。\n\n * 友達のタダ券の おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。\n\n * 友達がくれたタダ券の おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。\n * 友達がタダ券をくれた おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。\n * 友達がタダ券を送ってくれた おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。\n * 今日は土曜日で 友達がタダ券を送ってくれた おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。\n\n * 今日が土曜日なのと 友達がタダ券を送ってくれた おかげ で、映画はただで見られた。",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T04:34:47.560",
"id": "39611",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T06:01:47.817",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39610",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> 友達のおかげ **で** 、映画はただで見られた。\n\nIt's the case particle で. It's not the te-form of a verb because おかげ is not a\nverb but a noun: the polite prefix お + a noun 陰. The で is not the\n連用形(continuative form) of the assertive auxiliary だ either, because your\nsentence is not two sentences 「友達のおかげだった。そして映画はただで見られた。」",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T05:20:52.713",
"id": "39612",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T05:20:52.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39610",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39610 | 39612 | 39612 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39615",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 自分の顔をぐりぐりむにゅむにゅ、これでもかというぐらい触りじっくり見てまた触ってみよう。\n\nThis sentence contains the word むにゅむにゅ, its a word that doesn't have an entry\non jisho.org and also doesn't seem to appear on any of the extensive lists of\nJapanese onomatopoeia words. I eventually managed to find a page describing it\nas \"gummy\", but I'm not exactly sure how that relates to this sentence and\nぐりぐり as the two words seemed opposed. One being hard and other soft. Could\nanyone help me out with how you might translate this clause? And what exactly\nむにゅむにゅ means?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T11:13:53.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39614",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T11:44:50.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"definitions",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "What is the correct translation of むにゅむにゅ/ムニュムニュ？",
"view_count": 409
} | [
{
"body": "I can see how \"gummy\" came up for you, since I found \"flexible\" and \"tender\"\nas other definitions (<http://okwave.jp/qa/q2639864.html>).\n\nぐりぐりむにゅむにゅ don't seem opposed if you read it as he was massaging his hands\nover his face, imagining the skin stretching around as he did so.\n\n[See item 2 for\nぐりぐり](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%90%E3%82%8A%E3%81%90%E3%82%8A).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T11:44:50.110",
"id": "39615",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T11:44:50.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "54",
"parent_id": "39614",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39614 | 39615 | 39615 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39627",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "I have yet to find a good source that covers this in full. But I've seen them\nbeing used in places where no giving or receiving is taking place. For\nexample,\n\n> \"写真をとってもらえませんか？\"\n\nand another one I saw just now on this stack exchange:\n\n> \"私が子供の時、母がこの本を読んでくれました。\"\n\nFrom what I can see, nothing physical is given or received, and in the case of\nthe second book, what was given/received?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T12:47:07.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39616",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-22T14:50:42.753",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-22T14:48:58.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11397",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "How to use あげます、もらいます、and くれます",
"view_count": 16812
} | [
{
"body": "あげます is to give, もらいます is to receive and くれます is also to give.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A8Q8i.png)\n\nFor example\n\n> **あげる**\n>\n> 先生はエリコに本をあげました。 \n> The teacher (giver) gave a book to Eriko (recipient)\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> **もらう**\n>\n> エリコは先生に/から本をもらいました。 \n> Eriko (recipient) received a book from the teacher (giver).\n\nFor くれる, it's the same sentence formula as あげる, but used like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kcHRa.png)\n\nHere are some examples:\n\n> 1. あかつねはエリコに花を **あげました。** \n> Akatsune gave Eriko a flower.\n>\n> 2. あかつねは弟に花を **くれました。** \n> Akatsune gave a flower to my younger brother.\n>\n> 3. 母はエリコにお茶を **あげました。** \n> My mother gave Eriko green tea.\n>\n> 4. お兄さんはわたしにプレゼントを **くれました。** \n> My older brother gave a present to me.\n>\n> 5. わたしは父にコーヒーを **あげました。** \n> I gave my father coffee.\n>\n>",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T03:43:23.807",
"id": "39627",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-22T14:50:42.753",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-22T14:50:42.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18111",
"parent_id": "39616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I think he might have asked whether the person was asking for permission or\nwhether it was about making a request.\n\n> 写真をとってもらえませんか\n\nIs that asking for permission to take a photo, or asking someone to take a\nphoto for them?!?\n\nI think when morau comes after a -te verb, then it becomes a request. So\nbasically, \"Can you take a photo for me?\"\n\n * `totteageru` -- Can you let me take a photo for you/someone else \n * `tottekureru` -- Can you take a photo for me? And then give to me \n * `tottemoraemasenka` -- Could you let me take a photo? Simply giving the person permission to take a photo. Who will get the photo afterwards is irrelevant.\n\n_ADDED LATER_\n\nnot entirely true. <http://jisho.org/search/moraeru>. If this is to be\nbelieved, it could also mean something like. 俺に写真を取ってもらえませんか. if the おれに is\nspecified, then it could mean \"Could you take a photo ( and give it to me)\nplease? However, morau for example doesn't necessarily explain whether you are\nletting someone do something or forcing someone to do something. It simply\nsays that you (by whatever mean) HAVE someone do something. So then it would\nbe like \"Could I have you take a photo? The person with the camera who asks\nthe permission wants the photograph, but is not asking for permission, simply\nthe favor of taking the photo, and if oreni is declare, then it means to ask\nthe favor of taking the photo, then giving it to me. So morau has more to do\nwith favors, not permission. Give me a biscuit, a favor, not a question of\npermission. You are already seated so you are entitled to the cookies.\n\nSo morau is more the favor of giving to me. Ageru is permission to do\nsomething for someone, and kureru is permission to do something.\n\n> 君が俺に写真を取ってもらえませんか Could you take a photo (for me) \n> 俺が写真を取ってあげますか Am I allowed to take a photo (for you) \n> 君が俺に写真を取らせてくれませんか Would you allow me to take a photo (for me/or someone\n> else)\n\nThere you got it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T12:14:27.527",
"id": "39634",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-05T13:48:38.917",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-05T13:48:38.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17948",
"parent_id": "39616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "When あげる, もらう and くれる are used with the ～て form, they basically keep the same\nmeaning as they ever do, as explained in @Silfrost_Wolf20's answer.\n\nThe only change is that there is no \"object\" given or received but a favour\ndescribed as an action.\n\nFor instance,\n\n> 写真をとってあげましょうか？\n>\n> ~~写真をとってもらえませんか？~~ (as per @chocolate comment)\n\nasks someone if they would like to receive (from yourself) the favour of\ntaking a photo for them, translated as\n\n> Would you want me to take a photo of you?\n\nOn the other hand,\n\n> 写真をとってくれませんか？\n\nasks someone if they would not mind giving you the favour of taking a photo,\ntranslated\n\n> Could you take a photo of me/us please?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T14:01:35.897",
"id": "39636",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T06:36:55.960",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17762",
"parent_id": "39616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "If you ask what is given/received, _favor_ is a likely answer, as we say \"do\nsomebody a favor\" in English. Actually, when they're used as subsidiary verbs\n(補助動詞), they never literally mean \"give\" or \"receive\".\n\nBasically, **any** action A does to B that satisfies B's desire/intention is\nqualified to take one of ～てあげる／もらう／くれる according to the relation between the\ngiver and the given in the sentence.\n\n * あげる: _give_ (the subject is A), _outbound_ ( **I/WE** → **YOU** → **OTHERS** (→ **OTHERS** ))\n * くれる: _give_ , _inbound_ ( **I/WE** ← **YOU** ← **OTHERS** )\n * もらう: _receive_ (the subject is B), no directional difference\n\nBut in actual world, be careful using ～てあげる for your own deed. It assumes your\naction has benefited the receiver, so you could be felt patronizing unless\nit's clearly profitable.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-04T16:04:47.573",
"id": "39664",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T16:04:47.573",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "39616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "写真をとる: To take a picture.\n\nもらう:To receive.\n\n写真をとってもらう: Literally: to receive the action of taking a picture.\n\n写真をとってもらえますか？ Could you take a picture for me?\n\nThe verbs もらう and all its variants (あげる, くれる, etc) can be used not only for\nobjects but for actions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-07T15:39:05.480",
"id": "39769",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-07T15:39:05.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39616 | 39627 | 39627 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39620",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is doesn't seem to be \"not very much\"...\n\n> A: 運転ができますか\n>\n> B: **あまり** 、うまくはないですけど\n\nI would be grateful if someone could help. :]",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T14:04:27.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39617",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T15:08:05.777",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18106",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of あまり in this dialogue?",
"view_count": 1884
} | [
{
"body": "This あまり does mean \"(not) very\" or \"(not) really\", as found in [these\nexamples](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=amari-2).\n\nあまりうまくはないですけど literally means \"Although I'm not _very_ good (at driving)\",\nwhich already implies \"Yes I can drive\" without actually saying it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T15:08:05.777",
"id": "39620",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T15:08:05.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39617",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39617 | 39620 | 39620 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "When English speakers try to make a text sound old (like in historical\ndramas), they for example use \"thou\" together with the \"-st\" verb ending.\n\nWhat's the equivalent in Japanese, i.e. what kind of old fashioned grammar and\nvocabulary are used in works of historical fiction, irrespective of whether\nthey are actually accurate?\n\nWhat immediately comes to my mind is the use of が instead of の, as well as\nold-fashioned personal pronouns like [身]{み}. Furthermore, usage of ござる seems\nto be a characteristic of ninja-like speech.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T14:28:16.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39618",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-06T09:43:25.427",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-04T04:52:38.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12239",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"history",
"classical-japanese",
"literature"
],
"title": "How do Japanese make language sound old (e. g. in historical dramas)?",
"view_count": 899
} | [
{
"body": "The words and phrases vary by time, by occasion, and even by class. Just top\nof the mind, even the simplest words like “I” and “you” can be expressed in\ndozens of different ways in old-style Japanese, according to the status of the\nspeaker, situations, by profession, by sex, and by time.\n\nFor instance in Edo-era “I” was expressed as\n\n * > [俺]{おれ}、[儂]{わし}、[手前]{てまえ}、[奴枯]{やつがれ}、こちとら\n\nin commoners class.\n\n * > 身ども、[拙者]{せっしゃ}、それがし, [吾輩]{わがはい}、[乃公]{だいこう}\n\nin Samurai class.\n\n * > [予]{よ}\n\nin Noble’s class.\n\n\"You\" was expressed as\n\n * > お前、[手前]{てめえ}、うぬ\n\nin commoners class.\n\n * > [貴様]{きさま}、[貴殿]{きでん}、お[主]{ぬし}、ご[同輩]{どうはい}\n\nin Samurai class,\n\n * > そなた、そこ[許]{もと}、[汝]{なんじ}、おのれ\n\nin the noble’s class.\n\nOne instance shows all the rest. I don’t think there is a universal way and\nsimplistic method to express things in old style. You need to learn\nexpressions one by one by reading /studying classic Japanese literature of\neach period.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-04T02:07:11.320",
"id": "39647",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-06T09:43:25.427",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "39618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "* Using archaic personal pronouns: For example, それがし and 拙者 are the two typical samurai-sh first person pronouns widely used by fictional samurai/ninja characters. And 汝 is a common and pompous pronoun which may be used in place of \"thou\". You can easily find the list of such pronouns elsewhere.\n * Using archaic vocabulary: There is a dedicated dictionary for archaic Japanese words. If you seriously simulate old Japanese, almost no one would be able to understand it. But picking one or two archaic words might add the desired atmosphere.\n * Using archaic grammar: You know that in modern Japanese, た is to form the past tense or perfect aspect, よう is to express a volition, etc. In archaic Japanese, these were quite different. For example, 彷徨った can be rendered into [彷徨える](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36850/5010), 行こう into 行かん, and so on, to make them sound archaic. You may typically see these in modern works of fantasy. Unfortunately it's more complicated than simple \"you are → thou art\" transformation, but here's a [starter](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/kobun-jodoushi/?series=kobun-guide).\n\nNote that the Japanese language is full of stereotypical \"role expressions\",\nso even in fiction, old noble people, samurai and ordinary people speak quite\ndifferently.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-04T04:55:45.073",
"id": "39653",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T10:33:51.437",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": ">\n> 左様な頼み事に拙者如きが答ゑぬのも忝い。然れど野暮用の為[之](http://blog.goo.ne.jp/kinosan1/c/8a614ce15448ffe14b68c73dbdc31dce)にて御免仕る。\n\nそのような頼み事に私のようなものが答えないことは申し訳ない。しかし用事があるため、ここで失礼します。",
"comment_count": 15,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-04T07:48:46.880",
"id": "39656",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T08:42:25.410",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-04T08:42:25.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "13619",
"owner_user_id": "13619",
"parent_id": "39618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "There are already good answers, so I’d like to just introduce a couple of easy\nwords that make a sentence sound old.\n\n##\n\n## 「る」\n\nIf る is added after ます, the sentence becomes old-fashioned. For example,\n\n> 「聞こえます。」 - modern\n>\n> 「聞こえます **る** 。」 - old\n>\n> “(I) hear (it).”\n\nand\n\n> 「致しかねます。」 - modern\n>\n> 「致しかねます **る** 。」 - old\n>\n> “(I) couldn’t do (something).”\n\n##\n\n## 「ぬ」\n\nUsing ぬ in a negative sentence also sounds old-fashioned. For example,\n\n> 「そうは思わない。」 - modern\n>\n> 「そうは思わ **ぬ** 。」 - old\n>\n> “(I) don’t think so.”\n\nand\n\n> 「存じません。」 - modern\n>\n> 「存じませ **ぬ** 。」 - old\n>\n> “(I) don’t know.”\n\nThis kind of ぬ was actually used a lot by various class of people in old\nperiods, and it’s easy for today’s people to understand the old-fashioned\ntaste and the meaning, so ぬ-sentences commonly appear in almost all of\nJapanese historical fictions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-05T00:07:05.327",
"id": "39675",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-05T00:07:05.327",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10484",
"parent_id": "39618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39618 | null | 39647 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've observed native speakers use this construction (similarly with 好き).\n\nDoes this mean that なる can be used transitively and take a direct object in\nsome cases? Is this related to the idea that something becomes liked or\ndisliked as an involuntary action (and thus \"嫌いにする\" wouldn't fit)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T16:49:49.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39621",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T18:08:13.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"transitivity"
],
"title": "What is going on grammatically with \"Xを嫌いになる\"?",
"view_count": 875
} | [
{
"body": "It's not なる but 嫌い that is \"taking the direct object\" (?) in this sentence.\nAFAIK なる itself is always intransitive.\n\n嫌い is a common na-adjective which means \"dislike\" in the form of X **が** 嫌いだ.\nSee: [Using 嫌い and 嫌う](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29029/5010) and\n[私は猫が好き and 猫は私が好き](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17857/5010)\n\n\"na-adjective + になる\" is a common way to say \"become ～\".\n\n> * 元気になる become healthy, recover\n> * きれいになる become beautiful\n>\n\nSo X **が** 嫌いになる means \"to come to dislike X (over time)\".\n\nMoreover, X **を** 嫌いになる means almost the same thing as X **が** 嫌いになる. This\nphenomenon has been asked about several times on this site, so please read the\nfollowings:\n\n * [Why are we allowed to use を particle with na-adjectives?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1841/5010)\n * [Usage of ～を好き outside of embedded clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26005/5010)\n * [Why is を used in this situation? 私は先生がネコを好きだと思います](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4210/5010)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T17:31:16.750",
"id": "39622",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-02T18:08:13.733",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39621",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 39621 | null | 39622 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39624",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What dialect is the 'わ' suffix from and what are some other common dialect\nsuffixes?\n\nFor example, from manga and anime I come across people saying things like\nわからないわ or はやくしようぜ and some Japanese friends have told me these are usually\nbased on prefectures.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T18:37:54.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39623",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-09T20:07:37.540",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-03T03:38:59.300",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "16252",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "What are some other common dialect suffixes in Japan?",
"view_count": 941
} | [
{
"body": "```\n\n 女言葉かと思ったらそうでもないんだわ。 \n \n 真紅はそんなにだわだわ言わないのだわ ... \n \n```\n\nわ is a female sentence-suffix (語尾) in older manga, anime, stories, etc.\n\nIt used be also common among adult gay men. e.g.\n[おすぎとピーコ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%81%A8%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3)\n\nBut today it's become common among some adult (straight) men :\n\n> detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp › ... › 恋愛相談、人間関係の悩み › 恋愛相談 \n> 2013/10/14 - メールで語尾に「〜だわ」「〜するわ」とつける男性 \n> --\n> こんばんは。友達以上恋人未満の男性がいます。できれば付き合いたいし、このままいけばお付き合いできるかなという関係です。しかし、メールするようになって気...\n\nThe following list is great & comprehensive -- its stated focus is on recent\nAnime characters (キャラ語尾)\n\n> <http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E8%AA%9E%E5%B0%BE%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7> \n>\n>\n> 「拙者に任せるナリ！」 . . . 忍者ハットリくん !\n>\n> * かにゃ？ == 「～かな？」の変化形と思われ。 \n> \n>\n>\n> * ござる . . . 忍者ハットリくん ! -- 【読み方】：ゴザルノマキ 「ござるの巻」とは話のタイトル語尾に用いられる言葉である。\n> 元ネタはアニメ「忍者ハットリくん」における各話のタイトル。 「〇〇でござるの巻」といったタイトルがほとんどであった。 \n> \n>\n>\n> * ザンス . . . シェーは、赤塚不二夫の漫画作品、『おそ松くん』の登場人物イヤミが行うギャグ。! \n> \n>\n>\n> * じゃけ\n>\n> * じゃろ\n> * じゃん\n>\n> * ぜ\n>\n> * ぜよ\n>\n> * だぜ\n>\n> * だっちゃ (Lum-chan) == 元々は仙台弁で見られる語尾。（他地域でも語尾につける所あり）\n>\n> * だべ\n>\n>\n\n```\n\n 女言葉かと思ったらそうでもないんだわ。 \n \n```\n\nThank you for the comment. The だわ -ending used by straight men seems to have\noriginated from dialect(s).\n<http://komachi.yomiuri.co.jp/t/2009/0226/227234.htm> 「～だわ」（男性）って方言？",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-02T19:50:34.930",
"id": "39624",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T05:01:07.520",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-04T05:01:07.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39623",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I think your Japanese friend oversimplified the explanation. It is true that\nsome sentence-final particles are strongly associated with certain regions in\nJapan (or sometimes even certain foreign countries), but at least わ and ぜ are\ngenerally considered as regionally neutral.\n\nEnglish Wikipedia describes わ and ぜ as follows (From [Sentence-final\nparticle#Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence-\nfinal_particle#Japanese)):\n\n> * わ wa: soft declarative or emphatic. Used primarily by women, this\n> particle has a meaning similar to yo, but it is less assertive.\n> * ぜ ze: informal hortative/emphatic. Used to push someone to do something,\n> or to remind them of something. In certain contexts, it can carry a\n> threatening overtone.\n>\n\nSome sentence-end particles have important grammatical roles and are used in\nso-called standard Japanese (for example, か for making a question and ね for\nagreement). Some sentence-end particles are [basically meaningless\nfillers](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14924/5010), and chosen\ndepending on the speaker's sex, age, character, preference, etc. If you keep\non enjoying Japanese manga and anime, you will soon realize the typical\ncharacter by which わ and ぜ are used. ぜ is largely considered as part of tough-\nguy speech.\n\nIt is even possible to create a brand-new sentence-final particle to\ncharacterize an imaginary character! See: [On the grammar of\nみんな見るメロ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24678/5010)\n\nFWIW, here are some sentence-end particles which are heavily dialectal and\nassociated with a certain region in Japan. These are actively used by local\npeople.\n\n * けろ: Tohoku (used to make a request, like \"please\")\n * ばい, たい: Kyushu\n * じゃ: western Honshu, esp. Hiroshima prefecture\n * や, ねん: Osaka",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T03:35:52.527",
"id": "39626",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-03T03:35:52.527",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39623",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Ze, zo, yo, and wa are variations on emphatic particles in Standard\nJapanese/Kanto dialect. Other variations on these include ja/ccha in the\nNortheast and Hokkaido, and anything from ya in some Southern/Westerns areas\nto ra in Okinawa, or at least in Okinawan. Do/to can also be used in dialectal\nspeech in the Northeast and some Central/Western areas\n\nOther dialectal endings include nee for nai in the East and North, and -n or\naran/yaran for nai in the West and South. The copulas also vary, going from\nEast to West as da, ja, to ya.\n\nThe verb iru also changes to oru in the west and South (tabete-iru/tabeteru vs\ntabete-oru/tabetoru).\n\nVariations of \"darou\" are also common. In Kanto rou can be used for darou,\nespecially after past tense verbs (tabeta darou vs tabetarou). In Kanto, the\nNortheast, and Hokkaido, be is used, or ppe if used after ru (tabeta darou vs\ntabetabe or taberu darou vs tabeppe). Kanto can also use some interesting\ncombinations with yarou. For instance, instead of saying deshou, dessharou is\nused (desu+yarou), or -massharou (-masu+yarou).\n\n-ka, the question particle, can also become -kka after ru in Kanto and the Northeast, e.g. aru ka? > akka?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-09T20:07:37.540",
"id": "76469",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-09T20:07:37.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38390",
"parent_id": "39623",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39623 | 39624 | 39626 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 唯一の救いを **見つけ出す** ような目。\n\nAre these the \"eyes that seem to look for the only salvation\"?\n\nBut in this case shouldn't it be 探す?\n\nI'm confused, could someone help me please?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T00:48:44.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39625",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T06:51:38.467",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-03T01:53:39.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "18106",
"owner_user_id": "18106",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can someone help me translate 見つけ出す in this sentence?",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "見つけ出す is a compound verb which means \"to find out\" (focuses on the successful\nresult of searching), while 探す is a simple verb which is closer to \"to search\"\n(focuses on the effort itself, regardless of the result). They are generally\nnot interchangeable when talking about something in the past, but they can be\ninterchangeable when talking about something in the future. For example,\n敵を見つけ出すのが見張りの役目だ is almost the same as 敵を探すのが見張りの役目だ.\n\nThe phrase in question is definitely not something we use in daily life, so I\ndon't know how to make sense of it without any context. But yes, it literally\nmeans \"The eye which (seemingly) finds out the sole salvation.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-04T05:13:26.957",
"id": "39654",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-04T06:51:38.467",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-04T06:51:38.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39625",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39625 | null | 39654 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.