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{
"accepted_answer_id": "39630",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading the first novel in the Library Wars series at the moment, and\nusing an English translation I found online to help out when I don't\nunderstand something. But in this case the translation hasn't cleared things\nup for me. The original Japanese is this:\n\n> 堂上も大人げないっちゃないんだけどね (堂上 is a person) \n> Dojo can be pretty childish too.\n\nI am confused about how the っちゃない is functioning in this sentence. I know っちゃ\ncan be an abbreviation for ては, but in that case wouldn't it mean 'Dojo is not\nbeing childish either'? It doesn't seem the same as when じゃない is used in a\npositive way, because of the んだけど, which seems to emphasise the negative sense\nof ない.\n\nIn the context, either translation is possible, although neither seem to make\nperfect sense. The speaker was explaining to the main character that Dojo is\nonly hard on her because he has high expectations of her (i.e. he is not just\nbeing childish when he is mean to her), but the main character's response,\nthat prompted this remark, was very stubborn (i.e. perhaps she is being\nchildish and the speaker could be trying to make her feel better about herself\nby implying she's not the only one).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T04:25:47.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39628",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-16T05:48:29.427",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-16T05:48:29.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "15714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Can anyone explain what ないっちゃないんだけど means in this sentence?",
"view_count": 828
} | [
{
"body": "Xと言えばX, where X is any predicate, is a way to reluctantly admit X.\n\n * 3日でできると言えばできます。 I can do it in 3 days if you insist (but I don't want to do so)\n * その花は赤いと言えば赤い。 You may say the flower is red (but normally, it's not red)\n * そのプランは可能と言えば可能だ。 If I must choose between possible and impossible, it's possible.\n\nAnd っちゃ is a very colloquial contraction for と言えば (maybe this contraction is\nfound exclusively in this pattern)\n\n * 3日でできるっちゃできます。\n * その花は赤いっちゃ赤い。\n * そのプランは可能っちゃ可能だ。\n\n堂上も大人げないっちゃないんだけどね is the same as 堂上も大人げないっちゃ大人げないんだけどね, and means something\nlike \"Admittedly, Dojo is also childish\", \"I hate to say this but Dojo is\nindeed a bit childish, too.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T06:55:19.470",
"id": "39630",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 39628 | 39630 | 39630 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 手を上げてない人は私だけです。\n\n上げてない is the negative form of てある right? Most people would omit the い in ている.\nSo for me it is hard to differentiate if てある or ている is used since both sounds\nthe same (negative only). So how to differentiate? From writing the ている is\nていない and てある is てない. In writing you can't omit the い in ている／ていない right?\n\n手をあげていない means: not raising hand. \n手をあげてない means: hand has not been raised.\n\nAre these correct? Is the meaning of the first sentence like this? the person\nwhose hand has not (yet) been raised is only me. Which can be simplified into\n: the person who is not raising their hand is me. If I change ない into いない...\nThen it would roughly translate as (hand is still rising ; still in motion ;\nnot yet been raised) right? Because in english \"raising our hand\" usually\nmeans the state after the action of \"raise\" is completed (hand is constant in\nthe air and not going any higher). Unlike \"falling\" that usually means the\nongoing action of \"fall\" and not the state after the action of \"fall\" is\ncompleted. Feel free to correct any facts conveyed here.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T05:54:21.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39629",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T04:55:12.120",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-03T07:57:23.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "15891",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "～てない - ambiguity between ている and てある",
"view_count": 2326
} | [
{
"body": "Generally I think you can tell by the subject. \n(Very similar to the conversation between yourself and oldergod above)\n\n上げてる (who or what?) ⇒ 私 ＝ 上げて **い** る\n\nOther examples of ambiguity resolved by identifying the subject/actor:\n\n> 置いてない\n\n * 「私はそこに置いてないよ」 - Subject/Actor is 私, so this must mean 置いて **いない**\n * 「お肉は冷蔵庫に置いてると思う」 - Subject is probably お肉, so this must mean 置いて **ありません**\n\n> 開けてない\n\n * 「私は窓開けてないよ」 - Subject/Actor is 私, so this must mean 開けて **いない**\n * 「窓は開けてないと思う」 - Subject is probably 窓, so this must mean 開けて **ありません**",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-04T01:20:35.530",
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| 39629 | null | 39645 |
{
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"body": "The full sentence is this:\n\n> 撥水がすごいので屋内に入る前に着たまますそをはじくように引っ張ると水を払うことが出来る。\n\nThe part I am having trouble with is:\n\n> すそをはじくように引っ張ると\n\nCan anyone shed some light?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-03T11:07:08.130",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Help with understanding 「すそをはじく ように引っ張ると」 in sentence",
"view_count": 71
} | [
{
"body": "Basically, flip/fold the sleeves on your shirt/trousers that you are currently\nwearing in order to shorten them/pull them back so that you can toss out the\nwater without soiling them.\n\nI hope this helped.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T11:57:24.420",
"id": "39633",
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"body": "It's to vigorously pull the lower part of the raincoat in order to shake the\nrain off the raincoat. はじく is to flick or snap. This is something you may do\n_after_ you used your raincoat. The sentence basically says the water-shedding\nquality of the coat is so great that [you only have to shake it to dry\nit](https://youtu.be/ZelFfiwDbD4?t=20s).",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-04T03:22:42.940",
"id": "39650",
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| 39631 | null | 39650 |
{
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"body": "First, please look at this sentence:\n\n> 私は日本へ行く前に、中国のお土産を買った。\n\nIts English translation is:\n\n> Before I will go to Japan, I bought some Chinese local goods.\n\nwhich is very weird.\n\nIt is said that Japanese tense has relative tense which does not exist in\nEnglish.\n\nCan you explain that for me?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T11:18:48.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39632",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-30T19:55:33.430",
"last_edit_date": "2021-08-30T19:55:33.430",
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"owner_user_id": "15811",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "I am confused by the tense in this sentence 「私は日本へ行く前に、中国のお土産を買った」",
"view_count": 1128
} | [
{
"body": "As mentioned by @YOU, there is nothing wrong with the translation\n\n> Before **going** to Japan, I bought some Chinese souvenirs.\n\nTenses in Japanese are relative to the tense of the verb of the main clause.\nIf the main action is in the past, then past tenses in the relative clauses\nimply that those actions took place at a time earlier than that of the main\nclause.\n\nIn this case, the main tense is a past tense and the tense of the relative\nclause is non-past, which implies that this action has taken/will take place\nat a time later than that of the main clause.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T13:49:18.740",
"id": "39635",
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{
"body": "> 私は日本へ行く前に、中国のお土産を買った。 \n> Before I will go to Japan, I bought some Chinese local goods.\n\nThe example sentence might be better translated this way:\n\n * \"Before **going** to Japan, I bought some Chinese souvenirs.\" \n\nOP - \"It is said that Japanese tense has relative tense which does not exist\nin English.\"\n\nPerhaps what is meant by \"relative tense\" is that the verbs in the two clauses\n_do often need_ to agree in tense in English, but they _don't need_ to be in\nthe same form for Japanese, in fact that would be incorrect for this sentence.\n\nHowever, the primary difference between 行く and 行った in Japanese is not a\ndifference of \"tense\"（時制）, it is a difference of \"aspect\"（相）. Aspect is\n_affected_ by tense, but they are not always equivalent.\n\nIn other words,\n\n * **行く** describes an **_incomplete action_** (which may take place in the past, present, future or even habitually), but... \n * **行った** describes a **_completed action_** (which may take place in the past, present or future)\n\nIf you look at the Japanese example sentence again with this viewpoint it\nshould make more sense.\n\n> 私は日本へ **行く前に** 、中国の **お土産を買った** 。\n\n * **行く前に** - \"before going\" (not complete because 行く is describing a point \"before\" the action of \"going\" takes place) \n * **お土産を買った** - \"bought souvenirs\" (complete because the speaker has already completed the action of buying)\n\nThese articles may be a good reference:\n\n * [http://www.ravco.jp/cat/view.php?cat_id=5173&PHPSESSID=803go89rdjn9hbqk4nn8qn3uc6](http://www.ravco.jp/cat/view.php?cat_id=5173&PHPSESSID=803go89rdjn9hbqk4nn8qn3uc6)\n\n * <http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/24091/1/acs073001.pdf>.. \n(page 11, Section 3.2,「日本語の相」)\n\n * <http://www.tomojuku.com/blog/aspect/>",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-04T00:58:40.023",
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| 39632 | null | 39644 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39638",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I was reading this <http://alfalfalfa.com/articles/161036.html> and I\nwanted to know what was the meaning of \"心を壊す\". Is it \"to damage one's mind\"?\n\n> ポケモンのぬいぐるみ、人の **心を壊す**\n\nI couldn't find the meaning, so I was trying to guess...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T17:16:28.750",
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"id": "39637",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 心を壊す?",
"view_count": 209
} | [
{
"body": "In that post they are probably referring to something like 精神を壊す like\nchocolate mentioned. Because if you read the comments, the people have gone a\nlittle crazy with this toy...\n\nAlso if you do a google search, 心 is replaced with 精神 or 感情 so it doesn't seem\nto be used all that often and when it is, is used in the [context of\nstress](http://cause-of-psychosomatic.com/stress/). Similar examples could be:\n[心が病む・心が折れる](http://twilight-night.com/archives/942)\n\nLoosely translated, it could be: \"To lose one's mind\", \"to go crazy\" etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-03T18:42:33.097",
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| 39637 | 39638 | 39638 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39655",
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"body": "彼女は何か食べ物が欲しいです。\n\nこの犬は何か飲み物が欲しいです。\n\n彼は何か読み物が欲しいです。\n\nI didn't understand this structure, could you write some translations and\nexplain me them?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-03T20:45:24.240",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "What does 何か食べ物 mean?",
"view_count": 1103
} | [
{
"body": "何か in this case means \"some\" or \"something\":\n\n何か食べ物 some food\n\n何か飲み物 something to drink\n\n何か読み物 something to read",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T20:54:08.663",
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"body": "何か means \"something\", so the first one means \"She wants something to eat\".\nPresumably this will help you with the rest.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T20:54:10.263",
"id": "39641",
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{
"body": "何か can be used like a noun (It's a 代名詞/pronoun), meaning \"something\", as in:\n\n> * **何かが** ありそうだ。 There seems to be something.\n> * 新しい **何か** を手に入れることは古い **何かを** 手放すことだ。Getting something new means giving\n> up something old.\n>\n\n* * *\n\nNow regarding your examples, 何か is often used in the form of 「 **何か + noun を/が\n+ verb** 」, meaning \"[verb] _some kind of_ [noun]\", as in:\n\n> * 何か + 仕事を + ください。 -- _lit._ Give me some sort of job.\n> * 何か + 商品を + 買う -- _lit._ buy some kind of product\n> * 何か + 食べ物が + 欲しい -- _lit._ want some kind of food → want something to eat\n> * 何か + 飲み物が + 欲しい -- _lit._ want some kind of beverage → want something to\n> drink\n>\n\nTherefore your sentences:\n\n> * 彼女は何か食べ物が欲しいです。 _lit._ She wants some kind of 食べ物(=food) → She wants\n> something to eat.\n> * 彼は何か読み物が欲しいです。 _lit._ He wants some kind of 読み物(=thing to read) → He\n> wants something to read.\n>\n\nThe 何か here is adverbial, so it's not modifying the nouns 仕事(job), 商品(goods),\n食べ物(food), but the verbs/adjectives 「ください」「買う」「欲しい」 here. You should say 「何か\n**の** +noun」 to literally say \"some kind of [noun]\", as in 「これは **何かの**\n冗談ですか？」(or 「これは冗談か **何か** ですか？」) (Here 何か is a pronoun) to say \"Is this some\nkind of joke?\", rather than 「*これは **何か** 冗談ですか？」\n\n* * *\n\n何か is also used in the form of 「 **何か + verb/adjective + もの** 」, meaning \"\n_something_ [adjective] / to [verb]\", as in:\n\n> * 何か + 買う + もの -- something to buy\n> * 何か + 食べる + もの -- something to eat\n> * 何か + おいしい + もの -- something tasty\n> * 何か + いい + もの -- something good\n>\n\nSo you can rephrase your example sentences this way without changing the\nmeaning:\n\n> * 彼女は何か食べ **る** 物が欲しいです。 _lit._ She wants something to eat.\n> * この犬は何か飲 **む** 物が欲しいです。 _lit._ This dog wants something to drink.\n> * 彼は何か読 **む** 物が欲しいです。 _lit._ He wants something to read.\n>",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-04T06:22:26.593",
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| 39639 | 39655 | 39655 |
{
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"body": "犬は電車に乗ってはいけません。\n\nDoes this sentence mean something like this: \"The dog can't get on the train\"?\nIs いけません the negative potential form of 行く?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-03T21:50:07.510",
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"id": "39642",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "What does いけません mean here?",
"view_count": 1416
} | [
{
"body": "The pattern here is 〜てはいけません which means \"not allowed to\", \"must not\", or\nindicates something is prohibited. (I'm almost positive it is not the negative\npotential of 行く, but someone can correct me on that if I'm wrong).\n\n> * 犬は電車に乗ってはいけません。 → Dogs are not allowed (to get) on the train.\n> * あの部屋に入ってはいけません。 → You must not go into that room.\n> * あきらめてはいけないよ！ → Don't give up! (lit., \"You mustn't give up!\"\n>\n\nOther similar prohibitive forms are 〜てはなりません and 〜てはだめ（です）.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-03T23:06:50.820",
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"body": "> 「犬は電車に乗ってはいけません。」\n\nI think this is actually an unusual or specialized expression, mostly used in\n2 situations.\n\n 1. possibly a warning or rule to be read by young children (and their parents).\n\n 2. it sounds like it is to be read by dogs themselves. So it'd be in an Anime or story in which dogs can talk and read. -- perhaps a modern version of 『のらくろ二等兵』、『のらくろ一等兵』\n\nActual signs prohibiting dogs in parks are usually worded like this :\n\n> 「犬等の散歩禁止」 の 看板\n>\n> 「公園内に犬や猫を入れないで下さい」",
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| 39642 | 39643 | 39643 |
{
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"body": "I've been watching a lot of anime lately, and in nearly all the anime where a\ncharacter proclaims that they \"love\" another character, I am confident that an\nAmerican in the same situation would say they have a crush on someone or that\nthey \"like\" someone, rather than \"love\".\n\nI doubt this is a simple translation mistake, as it's consistently occurred in\nat least a dozen different anime.\n\nSo, in Japan, can \"love\" mean something slightly different, maybe something\nalong the lines of \"I'm attracted to you and I want to become closer to you\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Does the Japanese word for \"love\" have different connotations than it does in America?",
"view_count": 9658
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{
"body": "The direct equivalent of \"love\" is **愛** ( _ai_ ) in Japanese, and this is a\nvery big word -- perhaps even bigger than English \"love\". English people often\nsay \"I love pizza\", \"I love New York\" and so on, but Japanese people very\nrarely use 愛 with inanimate things. Even between two people, 愛 is generally\nthought to be something they gradually gain months after beginning a romantic\nrelationship. Some western people living in Japan use 愛 too casually, which\nsometimes even embarrasses Japanese people.\n\nThere is another word, **恋** ( _koi_ ), which can also be translated as\n_love_. \"I fell in love with someone (at first sight)\" is 恋に落ちた, not 愛に落ちた.\nSee: [Love in the air: 愛ｘ恋 {あい vs\nこい}](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2246/5010) However, 恋 still is a bit\nliterary word; we do not say 恋 out loud very often when gossiping. When people\ncasually say \"You have a thing for her?\" or \"He has a crush on her\", 恋 rarely\nappears, either.\n\nInstead, **好き** ( _suki_ ) is used all the time in such casual conversations,\nand this word literally means _to like_. This is a very handy expression; in a\nsituation where English speakers may say \"I'm in love with him\", Japanese\npeople often get away with just using 好き.\n\nSo in conclusion, the concept of _love_ is different in Japanese; there are at\nleast three common words to refer to it. You seem to feel Japanese people\noveruse the word _love_ , but I feel it's the other way around. Japanese\npeople do not frequently use 愛 or 恋 in \"girl talks\", so it's probably the\ntranslators who needs to add the word _love_ to make sentences more natural to\nthe English-speaking audience.\n\nI think this article is good: [KOKUHAKU: JAPAN'S \"LOVE CONFESSING\"\nCULTURE](https://www.tofugu.com/japan/kokuhaku-love-confessing-japan/)",
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| 39646 | 39652 | 39652 |
{
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"body": "<http://blog.livedoor.jp/robinsonrobin/archives/8036910.html>\n\n 1. ハワイへ行く時、帽子を買う。 \n 2. ハワイへ行く時、帽子を買った。 \n 3. ハワイへ行った時、帽子を買う。\n 4. ハワイへ行った時、帽子を買った。\n\nIf I completely understand these, will I have undertood half of all the\ncomplex issues in Jp [relative tense] (相対テンス) ?\n\n( but before we can get to that, we first have to understand these 4\nsentences. )\n\nWhat is a reasonable description of a \"complete understanding\" of these 4\nsentences? I think it should at the very least include these:\n\n(A). giving a simplified explanation to distinguish the 4 sentences.\n\n(B). giving the biggest problems with that simplified explanation.\n\nCould someone answer A and B ?\n\n* * *\n\nA. -- Here's the simplified explanation. If a speaker says (1-4) in Japan --\n\n * 買う。 means the speaker hasn't bought the hat. 買った。 means the speaker has.\n\n * 行く時、 means buying the hat in Japan. 行った時 means buying the hat in Hawaii.\n\nThis is good as a 1st approximation. However, . . . see responses to B.\n\n* * *\n\nB. -- Thank you for bringing up Mr. Niwa's page :\n\n> ... されている <http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/48toki.html> のキャッシュ\n>\n> 主節が過去の場合、よく例に出されるのは次の２つの文の違いです。\n>\n> タイへ行く時に、タイ語を少し習った。（日本で） \n> タイへ行った時に、タイ語を少し習った。（タイで）\n>\n> 上の二つの文は、「どこで習ったのか」という違いがはっきりあります。\n> 「行く時」では「まだ行っていない」ので、タイではなく、ふつうは日本で習い、「行った時」では「もうタイにいる」ので、タイで習った、となると説明します。\n\nI think that in both of these sample sentences, studying of the Thai language\ncould've been in Japan or in Thailand.\n\nタイへ行った時に、タイ語を少し習った。 <--- Esp. in this second example. If this happened a long\ntime ago (like 10 years ago), there is almost no sense of ordering (study then\ntravel _OR_ travel then study) expressed in this sentence. Do you agree?",
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"tags": [
"tense",
"aspect",
"past",
"future",
"relative-tense"
],
"title": "相対テンス -- ①ハワイへ行く時、帽子を買う。 ②ハワイへ行く時、帽子を買った。 ③ハワイへ行った時、帽子を買う。 ④ハワイへ行った時、帽子を買った。",
"view_count": 440
} | [
{
"body": "Variations of : 私が作った料理を一口食べるなり、父は変な顔をした。 [Why 食べるなり rather than\n食べたなり?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39677/16344)\n\n> 1. 私が作った料理を食べる時、父は変な顔をした。\n>\n> 2. 私が作った料理を食べた時、父は変な顔をした。\n>\n>\n\n1 could be past habit, or one-time event -- maybe closer to the beginning of\nthe meal.\n\n2 doesn't sound like past habit. It could be (1) after one bite, (2) closer to\nthe end of the meal, or (3) some event in the past.\n\n> 3. 私が作った料理を食べる時、父は変な顔をする。\n>\n> 4. 私が作った料理を食べた時、父は変な顔をする。\n>\n>\n\nThese are recurring events. (habit)\n\n3 is closer to the beginning of the meal.\n\n4 could mean (1) after one bite, or (2) closer to the end of the meal.",
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"body": "タイへ行く時に、タイ語を少し習った。 \nWhen going to Thailand, I studied a little of Thai. \nBecause 行く refers either to the present or future, it means that I studied\nThai BEFORE going to Thailand. \n \nタイへ行った時に、タイ語を少し習った。 \nWhen I went to Thailand, I studied a little of Thai. \nThis has the exact same meaning as in English. I went to Thailand, THEN I\nstudied Thai.",
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"body": "I'd like to know what the second kanji stands for. I've searched and searched,\nand still I couldn't find what kanji it is.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TOkht.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-04T03:12:46.997",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "I can't identify this kanji",
"view_count": 525
} | [
{
"body": "This is simply the character 棲; the compound is 同棲{どうせい} \"to cohabit, stay\nunder one roof\", usually referring to living with a de facto partner.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-04T03:24:04.007",
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"body": "> ハグリッドの声がくぐもっていた。 \n> 「淋しいといけないから、テディベアの縫いぐるみも入れてやった。」\n\nDoes the も particle in this sentence have the role as は, subject particle ?\nThen why is 入れて here still in active form ?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-04T10:13:34.177",
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"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Does the も particle in this sentence have the role as は?",
"view_count": 81
} | [
{
"body": "This も replaces を, the direct object marker.\n\n> * テディベアの縫いぐるみを入れてやった。 I put in the Teddy Bear (for her/him).\n> * テディベアの縫いぐるみ **も** 入れてやった。 I put in the Teddy Bear (for her/him),\n> **too**.\n>\n\n * も can safely replace を as well as は. I'm a bit surprised that some pages (like [this one](http://lingwiki.com/index.php?title=Japanese_particles#.E3.82.82_.28mo.29)) have failed to mention this fact.\n * ～を入れる = put something in (maybe into a coffin, in this context?)\n * やる here is a subsidiary verb that indicates the action taker does it for the sake of someone.\n\nSo no passive voice is concerned in this sentence.",
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{
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"body": "> I saw that he killed your friend.\n\nI am puzzled before I translate it when considering the expression of verb\ntense. I will give two translations\n\n> 私は彼があなたの友達を殺したのを見た\n\n> 私は彼があなたの友達を殺すのを見た\n\nWhich one is correct and why?",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese",
"tense"
],
"title": "How should I translate this sentence? \"I saw that he killed your friend.\"",
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} | [
{
"body": "The latter is better, though the former is not wrong.\n\nAs you know, verb tense is relative in Japanese. Regarding your sentence, it\nseems that the incident was ongoing at the relatively present time when 'I'\nsaw him. So we typically use the present tense in the noun phrase; namely, 殺す\nrather than 殺した.\n\nBut the former translation is not wrong. In this case, 殺した sounds like\n殺してしまった, that is, 'have killed.' So it implies the speaker saw he finished\nkilling the friend.\n\nIf you want to emphasize the concurrency, the following translation is fine:\n\n> 私は彼があなたの友達を殺す **ところ** を見た。 (I saw him killing your friend.)",
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{
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"body": "I was under the impression that the word 翻る（ひるがえる）is an intransitive verb\n(which is also how it appears to be defined in dictionaries), but I've come\nacross a use of it that appears to be transitive, in the phrase\n\"今世紀に入ってからの歴史を翻っても…\".\n\nMy question is, how should the word be interpreted in this context?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-04T12:10:24.250",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Transitive meaning of the word \"翻る\"?",
"view_count": 177
} | [
{
"body": "I feel 翻る here is used as a motion verb, which [often takes を even though it's\nintransitive](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3243/5010). Perhaps the\nauthor intended to mean \"go over / go through (a document, etc) again\" by\nsaying 翻る. I wouldn't say it's a common usage, but I wouldn't call it a\ndefinitive mistake, either.\n\nAs you can see in [these\nexamples](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/188657/example/m0u/), 翻って考える is a\ncommon idiom that literally means \"turn back and think over again\", and 翻って on\nits own can mean the same thing.",
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| 39661 | 39663 | 39663 |
{
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"body": "The usage of ば is complicated.\n\nIf volition / request / etc is involved, the sentence is invalid, unless there\nare special conditions fulfilled (addressed after this example):\n\n> X 卒業すれば、彼女と結婚するつもりです。(volitional structure つもりです)\n\nUsage of such volitional structures is allowed under two circumstances:\n\n 1. If the subjects (主語) of the two sentences are different:\n\n> O 彼女が希望すれば、彼女と結婚するつもりです。(subjects are 彼女 and わたし (implied))\n\n 2. If the verb is not an action verb (adjective, stative verb, etc):\n\n> O わからないことがあれば、わたしにきいてください。(あれば stative verb, as it expresses the state of\n> being)\n>\n> O 質問があれば、(あなたが)聞いてください。(あれば stative verb)\n\nThese two conditions can be found in various materials, such as [the top\nanswer to the question in this\nlink.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/393/differences-\namong-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89-%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-%E3%81%88%E3%81%B0-etc)\n\n> \"The main clause must be a constant non-volitional reaction to the\n> conditional clause unless the conditional clause shows state or if the\n> subjects of the two clauses differ.\"\n\nThis much information can be found in various materials. However, I noticed\nthat when rule 2 applies, the subjects are often automatically different (i.e.\nrule 1 is applied too). **What if adjectives / stative verbs are used when the\nsubjects are the same?** (note: example sentence below has been edited from\n声をかけてください)\n\n> ？ (あなたが)そこにいれば、(あなたが)何か言ってください。(eg. when on the phone)\n>\n> ？ (あなたが)そんなに悲しければ、(あなたが)帰ってください。\n>\n> ？ (あなたが)ひまであれば/なら、(あなたが)てつだってください。",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Usage of ば - is あれば...ください valid when the two subjects are the same?",
"view_count": 532
} | [
{
"body": "~~Edit: I now doubt my answer is correct.~~ (Never mind)\n\nIn the first place, the explanation above seems not accurate to me. The reason\nwhy わからないことがあれば、わたしにきいてください is accepted is not because the predicate is static\nor whatever but because わからないことがある is not a volitional action of the same\nsubject of the main clause. So, when static verbs are used when the subjects\nare the same as you ask, it can be still ungrammatical as long as the verbs\nstand for a volitional action. In this regard, そこにいる is done at your will, so\n(あなたが)そこにいれば、(あなたが)声をかけてください is odd.\n\nOn the other hand, 悲しければ帰ってくれ and ひまであれば手伝ってくれ are fine because 悲しい and 暇である\nare not your volitional action.\n\nIn summary, this structure doesn't work when both the conditional clause and\nthe main clause are penetrated with volition by the same agent.",
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"body": "So I was talking to this girl, and she used the って in a rather odd way (at\nleast one that I'm not acquainted with), I gave it some research and found out\nthat って can replace は giving some kind of softer tone to the sentence.\n\nLike 「マギーはかわいいね」 would become 「マギーってかわいいね」.\n\nSo the page where I found it was so vague, and it didn't clarify when to use\nit this way or anything.\n\nSo, could anyone help me with this one?\n\nThanks in advance.",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-は",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Replacing は with って",
"view_count": 409
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{
"body": "It's used to emphasize a word.\n\n> アラビア[語]{ご}って、[難]{むずか}しくない？\n>\n> Arabiago tte, muzukashikunai?\n>\n> Arabic, you say? Isn't that difficult?\n\nOr it's used as a type of verbal quotation marks used for direct quotes and\nindirect quotes:\n\n> すぐ[来]{き}ますって。\n>\n> Sugu kimasu tte.\n>\n> He said he'd come soon.\n>\n> お[母]{かあ}さんに[聞]{き}いたら、「だめだ」って。\n>\n> Okāsan ni kiitara, \"Dame da\" tte.\n>\n> When I asked my mom, she said \"no.\"\n\n**Source:** <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6>",
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"body": "What does this mean?\n\n> 植物が成長を妨げられる。\n\nCan I get a more detailed overlook of 貰わせる and rareru and saseru and all those\nthings depending on whether wo ni ga or whatever is used. It's really\nfrustrating to not be able to understand how their relations work with each\nother and who you are referring to.\n\nFor example:\n\n> ネロが家族を殺された。\n\nDoes that mean that Nero had his family killed (His family was killed by\nsomeone else and they got killed.)?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-04T19:28:06.673",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "How to understand this use of \"sareru\" in 「植物が成長を妨げられる」?",
"view_count": 635
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{
"body": "> 植物が成長を妨げられる\n\nOP - What does this mean?\n\n * \"[The] plant[s] had [their] growth stunted.\" (by something)\n\n> ネロが家族を殺された.\n\nOP - Does that mean that Nero had his family killed (His family was killed by\nsomeone else and they got killed.) ?!?\n\n * \"Nero had [his] family killed.\" \n\n**Not meaning specifically that he asked someone to kill his family** , but\nrather that he **_had this happen_** to him. He received the result of the\naction.\n\n(Though Roman Emperor Nero did kill his mother, so there might be other\npossible interpretations.)\n\nを＋…られる・される（を＋受身形）is usually indicating that the subject/topic is **not the\nactor performing the action** , but rather is **the receiver of the result of\nthe action** (usually something undesirable).\n\nThere is a very good explanation in Japanese about this kind of construction\nhere: \n<http://www.tomojuku.com/blog/passive/passive-4/>",
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"body": "Thanks for your responses.\n\nSo basically, there are both indirect passive and direct passive\n\n> 俺たちは(ネロに)殺されかけたんだ。 direct\n\nand\n\n> 俺たちは(妻に)(兄弟を)殺された。 indirect\n\nThe direct says we were almost killed by Nero, while the indirect explains\nthat we had one of our brothers killed by our mother (we didn't necessarily\nhave a part in his killing).\n\nIf you would only write 俺たちは殺された, then there wouldn't be possible for us to\ntell whether it was direct or indirect passive, but I think it would be safe\nto assume that it was a direct passive, at least judging from the context and\nthe fact that you need more information to describe an indirect passive.\n\nAgain, thanks for your link about passives, helped a lot.\n\nBtw, how do I log out? This is an alt account because Stack Exchange doesn't\nallow me to find forgotten accs but instead has me make new accounts. Thanks.",
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"body": "What does って mean in this sentence?\n\n> 世の中には、頑張っても無駄な人 **って** いますか。",
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"tags": [
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"title": "What does って mean here?",
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"body": "It means [は or it can mean というものは](http://maggiesensei.com/2012/05/07/direct-\nindirect-speech-%EF%BC%86%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6tte/).",
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"body": "That usage of って is a very colloquial way of speaking and would not be seen in\nwritten Japanese.\n\nI only speak from personal experience but. It sort of group everything i just\nsaid until now into a noun, then ask something about it.\n\nAs mentioned before it could be replaced by は or というもの or even ということ but it\nsomehow feels a little bit stronger than that to me. Like in the usage of と to\ngroup everything before it in some sort of \"speech brackets\" but instead used\nfor some kind of invisible \"target of a question brackets\".",
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"body": "It signifies that you are referring to a class of things, or type of things\nrather than a specific thing.\n\nE.g. consider マグカップ高い. When changed to マグカップって高い, it claims mugs in general\nare expensive. The longer form is マグカップっていうものは高い, although this sounds a bit\ntoo fancy when talking about mugs. For a more \"profound\" subject like\n母っていうものはそういうもんだ, it sounds natural to use the longer form.",
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"body": "It means \"is\". informal term for a \"は\". \nExample:\n\n * それって高くない？ - Isn't it expensive?\n * 彼ってかっこいいよね。 - Is he cool.",
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"body": "I want to say\n\n> My manager wants me to introduce my older brother to his younger sister.\n\nMy attempt is as follows.\n\n> マネージャーは私に弟を妹に紹介してほしがっています。\n\nThe problems of my translation above is the ambiguity because who is\nintroduced to who is unclear.\n\nShould I repeat 私 and マネージャー or 彼 to clarify who 兄 and 妹 belong to? How to say\nit clearly (without ambiguity)?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation"
],
"title": "How to say \"My manager wants me to introduce my older brother to his younger sister\"?",
"view_count": 810
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{
"body": "After some playing around, I've settle on this:\n\n> マネージャーは私の兄を彼の妹に紹介してほしがっています。\n\nNotes on the changes made:\n\n * 私に is dropped and instead 私の is added to 兄. This compresses two phrases (私に and 兄を ) basically into one (私の兄を), with gain in readability and without loss of information. (It'll be still clear who is being ask to introduce \"my older brother\".)\n\n * 彼の is added to 妹. 彼の is essential in immediately clarifying whose younger sister is being spoken of. It also helps establish parallelism(?) (私の兄 - 彼の妹), which is cognitively pleasing.\n\nThere are other and probably better versions. とりあえずご参考までに！",
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"body": "（私は）マネージャー(or his/her actual title) に (or から) うちの兄を 先方{せんぽう}の (or 向{む}こうの)\n妹さんに紹介してくれと言われている is what I'd say in that situation.\n\nThere are some points.\n\n1) Don't use pronouns like あなた, 彼 or 彼女 when you need to show some respect to\nhim/her (otherwise, you don't have to mind but they are not an intimate\nexpression either). Those words are saved for journalists or critics. Beside\nうち, こちら/こっち for \"I/we\", そちら/そっち for \"you\" and 向こう/あちら/あっち for \"they\" (when\nthings are going in a closed scheme) are important vocabulary in conversation.\n\n2) Don't use ほしがる when you need to show some respect to him/her. (I personally\nbelieve avoiding ほしがる is a useful strategy beyond this case in Japanese\ncomposition.)\n\n3) When animate things and inanimate ones are involved, you usually make the\nformer the subject of the sentence and the latter the object, and when two\npeople are involved, make the one who is closer to you the subject.",
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"body": "> 私は作った料理を一口 **食べるなり** 、父は変な顔をした\n\nThe action 'to eat' is before the obvious change on the father. In the clause\n'父は変な顔をした', the verb changes into た形. Why is the front phrase '食べるなり', not\n'食べたなり’?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T03:48:35.490",
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"owner_user_id": "15811",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "Why 食べるなり rather than 食べたなり?",
"view_count": 524
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{
"body": "> 例句： 私が作った料理を一口食べるなり、父は変な顔をした。\n\n( 私が, not 私は)\n\n[as soon as [he] ...]\n\nFor this one, you can just remember that this is like an idiom or a set-phrase\nand it's never *[食べたなり] or *[～したなり].\n\nIt uses the root form (dictionary form) of the verb: 食べるなり、～するなり ...\n\n「～するやいなや」is a similar expression [が早いか versus\nや否や](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4916/16344) 「～するやいなや」also uses the\nroot form of the verb.\n\nThis is related to the [relative tense] issue. I hope to add some more\nmaterial to this thread: [相対テンス -- ①ハワイへ行く時、帽子を買う。 ②ハワイへ行く時、帽子を買った。\n③ハワイへ行った時、帽子を買う。\n④ハワイへ行った時、帽子を買った。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39648/16344)",
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"body": "I was told that 'そうですか’ has two basic meanings according to the speaker's\naccent. One is 'Really? I understand', the other meaning is 'Yes, it is, I\nknow that'.\n\nBut what about 'そうですね'? Does 'そうですね' have the same meaning with the second\nmeaning of 'そうですか'? What is the accurate meaning of these three sentences?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
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],
"title": "What is the accurate meaning of そうですね／そうですか?",
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{
"body": "A:君の妹はきれいだよ。(Your sister is beautiful). B:そうですか?(I don't think so.)\n\nA:君は、試験に落ちました。(You failed an examination.) B:そうですか.(I see.)\n\nA:どんな食べ物が好き?(What foods do you like?) B:そうですねぇ, 魚が好きです。(Well, I like fish.)\n\nA:日本語は難しいよ(Japanese language is difficult.) B:そうですね(That's correct.)\n\nI feel そうですか in affirmative sentence is often used in pessimistic consent and\nそうですか in question means \"I don't think so\" rather than \"Really?\".\n\nそうですね means \"I agree with you\", \"Right\", \"That's correct\".",
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"body": "No in french, そうですか means \"Ah bon\" like 'really!' But \"そうですね means 'n'est ce\npas' like 'that's right' or something like 'is that Right ?'",
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"body": "The internet is surprisingly devoid of an accurate explanation of this, so let\nme try to break it down. First you need to know that \"sou desu ne\" (そうですね）is\nWEIRD to hear...it should be \"sou desu nee\" (そうですねえ）basically always.\n\nYou'll notice when I write Japanese in Romanji I put spaces in, which is\nimportant because the words don't always delineate themselves without writing\nactual Japanese (Katakana + Hiragana + Kanji). \"Desu\" and \"nee\" are both\nsentence particles, which is a concept that English simply doesn't have. \"Sou\"\nmeans something to the effect of \"this (conceptual) thing here,\" \"kou\" is\n\"this (conceptual) thing near me,\" and \"ano\" is \"that (conceptual) thing over\nthere.\" That pattern happens a few times, for example with \"koko\" (\"here\"),\n\"kono\" (\"this physical thing here [description of object]\"), and \"kore\" (\"this\nphysical thing here\" [no description required, inferred from context]).\n\nI know that's a lot of information just to define \"sou,\" but it's important to\nunderstand that while it translates to \"this,\" it specifically means \"this\nconceptual thing we're both aware of right now.\" So what does that refer to?\nIt's just whatever you said right before that. Let's try introducing one word\nto start making meaningful sentences. \"atsui\" (あつい）means \"hot\", but when\nspoken it's important that the intonation of the \"tsu\" be high, otherwise\nyou've just said \"thick.\" Now I can start to construct actual sentences\ntalking about the weather (of course).\n\nThere are three conversational patterns to walk through in order to answer\nyour question: \"desu nee\", \"desu ne?\", and \"desu ka?\" Those question marks I\nadded on purpose to identify the two phrases that are questions, but of course\nJapanese doesn't have that punctuation.\n\n 1. \"atsui desu nee\" (あついですねえ) means \"it's hot [expecting agreement]\" and is basically always followed up by the other person in the conversation saying \"sou desu nee!\" which just means \"it sure is!\" It's very important to note that the particle \"nee\" (ねえ) does not make the sentence a question, so the appropriate response is just to agree. \"desu\" doesn't have any particular translation to English, it's just the Distal style (polite) particle that connects the words on either side.\n\n 2. \"atsui desu ne?\" (あついですね) means \"it's hot-right?\" The particle \"ne\" makes the sentence a question where the speaker is seeking confirmation. Disagreeing would get awfully complicated, but the answer should just be \"hai. atsui desu yo\" (はい。あついですよ）, which means \"yes. it's hot!\" \"Hai\" is the Distal form of \"yes,\" and \"yo\" is another particle with no translation, but it makes the statement a little more emphatic (hence the exclamation mark). To your point about the effect of how this is said, it's not the accent that you need to get right per se, it's the pronunciation. The \"ne\" at the end should be said with a rising intonation, very similar to English actually. Think of how we say \"right.\" vs. \"right?\", it's exactly the same. The rising intonation at the end of the sentence makes it a question. Also notice that there's only one \"e\" here unlike the two before. Japanese doesn't have syllables, it has \"moura\" （もうら）which is a unit of sound, and every moura gets the same amount of time when spoken. So the \"nee\" before is two moura, \"ne (ね)\" then \"e (え),\" which you'll often see written online as nē. This particle \"ne\" is only one moura, which changes the meaning and pronunciation.\n\n 3. \"atsui desu ka?\" (あついですか）means \"is it hot?\" Ending with the particle \"ka\" makes the sentence a question without the presumption of agreement. A typical response would simply be \"hai. atsui desu\" （はい。あついです） which of course means \"yes. it's hot.\" I left off the \"yo\" to drop the emphasis on the sentence because the question was not presuming agreement like before.\n\nThat's an awfully long answer to a short question, but you did ask for an\naccurate translation :) Hope this helps.",
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"body": "Ive always felt that an easy way to both explain and remember \"そう” is to\ncompare it to one version or way in which we use the english \"so\"\n\nBasically if you you have ever heard the star trek line \"make it so\", this\nmatches exactly to \"make it そう”\n\nanother example to illustrate my point:\n\n\"do so immediately\" and \"いますぐ そう する\" (immediately so do)\n\nDisclaimer though, even though \"so\" and \"そう\" are exactly the same meaning\nconceptually, the usage does differ between languages.\n\nfor example: \"Is that so\" vs \"それ は そう です か\"\n\neven though these two sentences have the same meaning conceptually, first,\njapanese dont even use this sentence as far as im aware... PLUS in the english\nusage of the sentence there is typically an implied doubt or\nsurprise(depending on the tone) when we say \"is that so\"... its not typically\nused in a neutral way.",
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"body": "As for the usage \"ne\" ive always found it (being canadian) matches up really\nnicely with times where i might use \"eh?\"\n\n\"The weather is nice eh\" and \"てんき は いい です ね\"",
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"creation_date": "2020-08-01T04:33:24.203",
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"body": "Sorry for my bad English (I'm french) but here are 3 basic rules I learned\nfrom a japanese YouTube video about using か, ね and よ:\n\nRule #1: Use か When you don't know something that the person you talk to does\nknow.\n\nEx: You: 今日、雪降りますか？ (Will it snow today ?) Him/Her: はい、降ると思います。(Yes, I think\nit'll snow !)\n\nRule #2: Use ね when both you and the person you talk to know what you are\ntalking about.\n\nEx: You: 今日、雪降りますね。 (Today, it'll snow, right ?) Him/Her: はい、降ります! (Yes, it\nwill !)\n\nRule #3: Use よ when you know something that the person you talk to does not\nknow.\n\nEx: You: 今日、雪降りますよ！ (It'll snow today !) Him/Her: 降りますか? (Is that so ?)\n\nHope that'll help !",
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"body": "I found this youtube video explain it in very good details:\n<https://youtu.be/0w-sliXX6rw>",
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"body": "Could someone help me with this sentence?\n\n> 自分で可愛いとか **言っちゃうんですね** 。\n\nIs it similar to **よく言えますね**?",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is 言っちゃうんですね similar to よく言えますね in this example?",
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{
"body": "They are more or less similar, but ～とか言っちゃうんですね can be a friendly response\ndepending on the context, while よく言えますね (\"How dare you say...\") tends to sound\nmore accusatory and offensive. When you say the former with an appropriate\ntone, probably it can sound like \"Wow you're such a confident girl!\"",
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| 39683 | null | 39684 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39691",
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"body": "恥を感じない means \"not feel shame\" so my question is\n\n> What is the purpose of 恥とも in 「恥を恥とも感じない」? Is it an adverb?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What kind of grammar is it in 「恥を恥とも感じない」?",
"view_count": 434
} | [
{
"body": "`AをBと感じる` means `to feel A as B`. Thus `恥を恥と感じない` means `don't feel shame as\nshame`. The も particle is just here to emphasize the statement (so here とも is\njust と＋も)\n\nLet's combine that altogether:\n\n> 恥を恥とも感じない \n> (He) doesn't even feel shame as shame\n\nThis is not a good a translation but I think it's enough to understand the\ngrammar at hand.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 39687 | 39691 | 39691 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am not good at using '...でしょう', and do not fully understand its meaning and\nusage. For example:\n\n> 彼はｱﾒﾘｶへ行くんでしょう\n>\n> そのことをわからないんでしょう\n\nSuch sentences always make me confused. Could you explain it for me?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does '........でしょう' mean?",
"view_count": 3978
} | [
{
"body": "[でしょう](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86) is a more\npolite form of [だろう](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86)\nwhich is broadly used to suggest a speaker's guess and supposition. That means\nthe speaker is not sure about it.\n\nFor example:\n\n> これは[本物]{ほんもの}のダイヤでしょう. (I am not sure about it but) This is **probably** a\n> real diamond.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T11:11:17.517",
"id": "39690",
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"body": "Related: [Other meanings of でしょう besides\n\"probably\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1558/other-meanings-\nof-%e3%81%a7%e3%81%97%e3%82%87%e3%81%86-besides-probably)\n\nIt's likely the 2nd usage of でしょう similar in meaning to ね but it depends on\nthe context but could also be the first, showing uncertainty on the side of\nthe speaker.\n\n> 彼はｱﾒﾘｶへ行くんでしょう\n\nHe's going to the states, right?\n\n> そのことをわからないんでしょう\n\nYou don't get it, do you?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T16:37:12.607",
"id": "39700",
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"body": "でしょう is polite version of だろう. That means probably, displaying conjecture.\n\n> 彼女は(多分)彼の恋人だろう. She is probably his girlfriend.",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 39688 | null | 41115 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39695",
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"body": "ちょっと here have a double consonant \"t\" . In double consonant the small つ is\nread as a silent speech(which will be symbolized by \"_\" for this question). Is\nit... Cho_to or chot_to or both?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T10:55:14.883",
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"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How to pronounce the double consonant found in a word other than \"nn\"?",
"view_count": 1025
} | [
{
"body": "ちょっと is pronounced chot_to, the consonant after っ is always doubled and put on\nboth sides of the silent speech.\n\n[Here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVynW7frBig) is a good video which\nexplains this really well I think and shows you the pronunciation as well.\n\nI hope this helps",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T12:46:41.817",
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| 39689 | 39695 | 39695 |
{
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"body": "I read this article\n[http://www.gate.net/~labooks/wholeword.html](http://www.gate.net/%7Elabooks/wholeword.html)\nand I actually read a Chinese version,\n\n> 研表究明，汉字的序顺并不定一能影阅响读，比如当你看完这句话后，才发这现里的字全是都乱的。\n\nSo I am thinking is there a Japanese version of it ?",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T11:31:30.363",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"spelling"
],
"title": "Is there an \"I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!\" example in Japanese?",
"view_count": 672
} | [
{
"body": "There you go.\n\n(Body must be at least 30 characters.)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Q34tj.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T14:08:57.437",
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"body": "I'm a bit surprised that there's a Chinese version. I wonder if there's a good\nJapanese version with lots of Kanji in it.\n\n> <http://www.yukawanet.com/archives/4191006.html> のキャッシュです。\n\nこんちには みさなん おんげき ですか？ わしたは げんき です。 \nこの ぶんょしう は いりぎす の ケブンッリジ だがいく の \nけゅきんう の けっか にんんげ は もじ を にしんき する とき \nその さしいょ と さいご の もさじえ あいてっれば \nじばんゅん は めくちちゃゃ でも ちんゃと よめる という \nけゅきんう に もづいとて わざと もじの じんばゅん を \nいかれえて あまりす。どでうす？ ちんゃと よゃちめう でしょ？\n\n>\n> 実際にケンブリッジ大学でこの文章が認識できてしまうと言う研究がおこなわれているかどうかは、実際のところ今だに不明だ、一部情報によると都市伝説ではないのかと言われているようだ。ただ、この文章が読めてしまうという不思議な現象は、日本語のみならず海外でも知られている話のようだ。\n>\n>\n> 現段階ではなぜ読めるのか、科学的な根拠はないにしろ、人間は単語を1文字1文字読んで認識するのではなく、ある程度かいつまんで脳内で文章を組み立てているのではないかと推測される。つまり、記述された文章はあくまで、パーツ・素材のようなもので、それを個人個人が脳内で文章を作るのだ。\n>\n> ちなみにこれを漢字に直すと読めなくなる。\n\nこんにちわ、さ皆んお気元ですか？は私気元です <-- *** This is incorrectly done !\n\n>\n> 多くの日本人は、誤字として認識する。これは漢字がその前後の文脈によって読み方が変わるため、脳内に入る前に、一度整理するからだと思われる。それ以前に、『気元』などと言う日本語は存在しないわ！とストッパーも入るため、漢字では難しいのだ。\n>\n> さて、これを踏まえて皆様も不思議と読めてしまう日本語で、お手紙を書いて おもとちだを、ビクッリさてせみてはいかがうだろか ?\n\n*** A correct version would be (may be):\n\nこんちには、 皆さんお元気すでか？ 私は元気です",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T20:09:08.480",
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| 39692 | 39697 | 39697 |
{
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"body": "I found the following sentence in tangorin.com,\n\n> 台所をこんなに散らかしたのは誰だ。\n\nAnd it is translated as\n\n> Who's responsible for this mess in the kitchen?\n\nIs it really a question or just a statement? Do we always need to translate it\nand end with a question mark (`?`)?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T11:36:12.677",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Is a sentence ending with 誰だ but without か a question?",
"view_count": 377
} | [
{
"body": "It can be a question, or a statement. E.g. consider\n\n```\n\n A: ものがいっぱいありすぎて全然料理するスペースがないよ。 \n B: 台所をこんなに散らかしたのは誰だ。\n \n```\n\nB can say this when both know it's A who littered the kitchen. It's also\nspoken without the question intonation if it's used that way. When it's a\nquestion, it's pronounced as a question.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T12:37:55.243",
"id": "39694",
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"body": "\"誰\" makes it a question. It's similar to \"何処（どこ）\", \"どれ\" or \"何時（いつ）\". For\nexample, \"ここは何処だ。\", \"正しいのはどれだ。\", \"飯は何時だ。\", all of them are questions. It may\nbe a rhetorical question but can't be a statement. So yes, you need \"?\".\n\nIn Enno Shioji's example, even when both parties know the answer, it's still\nconsidered as a rhetorical question and it should be translated as such.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T13:19:44.687",
"id": "39696",
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"body": "To me it seems like forceful attempt at finding out who made the mess. Asking\nusing \"誰ですか\" almost makes it seem like I'm being inquisitive and asking a\nquestion rather than demanding an answer by using a statement using 誰だ。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T16:41:20.313",
"id": "39701",
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"body": "You don't need a question mark **?** or a particle **か** to make a question,\nthere are things written, such as dialogs, that are intended to be red with a\nconversational context, in such context, just as in English, you can deduct\nthings based on speaking tones. The person in the sentence is saying the line\nwith an inquisitive tone(maybe he or she cleaned the kitchen just a while ago\nand got disgusted because of the newfound mess), also you can say that it's\nbeing somewhat demanding and even maybe talking to somebody with equal/lower\nstatus because of the informality of the sentence end.\n\nGive a try reading it imagining the past moments, as if it was an English\ndialog of a comic or the kind.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T01:45:48.090",
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"body": "* Is it really a question or just a statement? \nIt is a question, it is not a statement. \nFormally you should say 誰ですか, but informally you can say 誰だ. \n\n * Do we always need to translate it and end with a question mark (?)? \nSince it is a question, the translation needs to end with a question mark.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T08:26:48.220",
"id": "39764",
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| 39693 | 39696 | 39694 |
{
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"body": "I was studying the usage of ところ with particles and came across the following\nsentence and translation (linked at the bottom):\n\n> 駅の近くでケーキを買ったところで彼女に偶然{ぐうぜん｝会った。\n>\n> I met her by chance when I just bought some cakes near the station.\n\nThe article does not explain it very well but from what I gather (from other\nsources), ところで can be used to show **circumstances surrounding the main\nclause**. So the sentence above could perhaps be more elaborately (and\nrobotically) understood as (please correct me if I'm wrong):\n\n> \"I met her by chance. It happened when I (was out buying/just bought) a cake\n> near the station.\"\n\nMy first question is, **Is the translator's use of the word \"just\"\njustified?** (Sorry, I couldn't resist the pun). I understand that 「～た形」＋ところ\nshows that the action happened in the very recent past and is commonly\ntranslated as \"just\" but is that meaning carried through when ところ is used as\nabove? Stated another way, does the sentence imply that I **just bought** the\ncake (giving ところで a \"time\" nuance) or that I **was out buying** the cake\n(giving ところで a \"circumstance\" nuance) ?\n\nSecond, if I had seen this sentence out of the context of the article, I would\nhave translated it:\n\n> I met her by chance **at the place** by the station where I bought the cake.\n\nIs this also a valid translation or is there a reason that this can't be\ncorrect?\n\n[Article source](http://maggiesensei.com/2015/09/02/how-to-use-\nverb-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D-tokoro/)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T16:08:01.630",
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"id": "39699",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Can ところで be ambiguous (time vs. location)?",
"view_count": 618
} | [
{
"body": "> does the sentence imply that I just bought the cake (giving ところで a \"time\"\n> nuance) or that I was out buying the cake (giving ところで a \"circumstance\"\n> nuance) ?\n\nNo, you don't know at the time they two have eye contact (if you understand\nmeet this way), it was after \"I\" bought cake or what, by reading this\nsentense.\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/158645/meaning/m0u/> I think you can\nunderstand it as \"at this situation\" or \"at this senario\".\n\nWe just put \"at the time\" or \"at that position\" for convenience when we\ntranslate.\n\nAs for why not\n\n> I met her by chance at the place by the station where I bought the cake.\n\nYou know, \"at the time\" better match the idea that \"I\" met the woman in that\nsituation.\n\nYou can think it as a comedy show to get a better feeling: at the stage, a man\nand a woman meet, at that time, the man was buying cake. But it is not\nimportant that at what moment the man met the woman, no, just think about\nwhat's in the scene when those two met.\n\nThe use of ところ here doesn't have any special meaning, as far as I can see,\nit's just natural to phrase it this way. So take it easy, you know the man and\nthe woman both know the man bought cake, usually that's all you need to know\nfrom this sentense even if it's from a detective novel.\n\nSo, the sentense is ambiguous in a way that you cannot tell which action was\nbefore which action. In English people don't (or can't?) phrase it in such\nambiguous way, I guess.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T17:43:33.750",
"id": "39703",
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"body": "> 駅の近くでケーキを買ったところで彼女に偶然会った。\n>\n> 1. Is the translator's use of the word \"just\" justified? [ --> Yes. ]\n>\n> 2. Can ところで be ambiguous (time vs. location)?\n>\n>\n\nYes, I think so. ( That's an interesting point. I did some searching, but\ncouldn't find a Web page discussing or explaining it. )\n\nIn that example ... Maybe 60%-40% (or even 80%-20%) in favor of location. But\nfor location-use, it's more correctly:\n\n> 駅の近くのケーキを買ったところで彼女に偶然会った。\n\n * 伊勢崎花火大会があります。見るところでオススメな場所はありますか？ ... - Yahoo ... detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp › 地域、旅行、お出かけ › 国内 › ここ、探してます\n\n * モンストのバックアップができません。電波のいい場所いろんなところでためしましたが、失敗ばかりです。 ... detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp › インターネット、通信 › スマホアプリ\n\n * ... 昔の山師の方が山奥で怪我や病気で倒れた時のために、非常食としてそういうところでも生きていけるイワナを水溜りへ移植していたんです。\n\n * テレビ朝日の場所がよくわかりません! 六本木ヒルズのところですか? ... detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp\n\nHere are samples of time or situation.\n\n> ～ところだった | 日本語の例文 -- j-nihongo.com › 文法 \n> 例文\n>\n> * 道を歩いていたら、急に車がきて、危なかった。 死ぬところだった。\n> * 終電を逃がして家に帰れなくなるところだったけど、なんとか間に合った。\n> * 仕事で失敗して、会社をクビになるところだった.\n>\n\nSo maybe ～ところだった is more often for situation, not time.\n\nTime example : ｢私も丁度 あなたにメールしようと思っていたところでした｣",
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"body": "> 駅の近くでケーキを買っ **たところで** 彼女に偶然会った。\n\nThe sentence doesn't sound ambiguous to me. It means \"I met her by chance\n**right when** I **bought** a cake near the station.\"\n\nAccording to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> ところ【所(処)】〘名詞〙 \n> ⑥-㋒《「・・・(ようと)するところだ」「・・・ているところだ」「・・・(てしまっ) **たところだ**\n> 」などの形で、現在または現在に近い過去を表す語を伴って》 **動作が** 、直前・最中・ **直後にある意を表す**\n> 。「今手紙を書いているところだ」「書き終わっ **たところで** ベルが鳴った」\n\n「～するところだ」「～ているところだ」「～たところだ」 indicate that an action is about to happen, is now\nhappening, or has just happened, respectively. So the ～たところで in your example\nmeans \"Right after (I) did~~\" \"Right when (I) did~~\". For example:\n\n * [夢の中で] 食べ **たところで** 目が覚めた。 \n[In a dream] Right when I ate, I woke up.\n\nCompare:\n\n * 食べ **るところで** (≂ 食べようとしたところで) 目が覚めた。 \nWhen I was about to eat, I woke up.\n\n * 食べ **ているところで** 目が覚めた。 \nWhile I was eating, I woke up.\n\n* * *\n\n> I met her by chance **at the place** by the station where I bought the cake.\n\nFor the ところ to mean \"place\", you'd say:\n\n> 駅の近く **の** ケーキを買ったところで彼女に偶然会った。\n\n×「～の近く **で** ～した｛ところ・場所｝ **で** 」 \n⇒ ○「～の近く **の** ～した｛ところ・場所｝ **で** 」(avoiding repeating the locative case で)\n\nSo, if the sentence was 「ケーキを買ったところで彼女に偶然会った」 without 「駅の近くで」, then it would\nbe ambiguous between \"at the place I did...\" and \"right when I did...\"",
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| 39699 | 39716 | 39716 |
{
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"body": "The children are painting. Sekiguchi has just criticised Yamada's picture and\nrun away with it:\n\n> 関口はあざけるように山田の絵をひらひらさせて **きく耳をもたない** \n> Sekiguchi made Yamada's picture flap like he was making fun of him and\n> didn't hold his listening ears.\n\nMy translation is nonsense. Please help me to parse it correctly.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T17:23:30.103",
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"tags": [
"idioms",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of きく耳をもたない",
"view_count": 103
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{
"body": "聞く耳を持たない - literal: doesn't have ears to listen\n\nIn this case Sekiguchi doesn't really want to listen to what Yamada has to say\nso he waves his picture and ignores him. How you want to translate it is up to\nyou, one example could be:\n\n> Sekiguchi flapped Yamada's picture in his face, ignoring what he said.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-05T18:46:18.393",
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| 39702 | 39704 | 39704 |
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"body": "What does また mean here:\n\n> 車は右、左、 **また** は、まっすぐに行ってもいいです。",
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"meaning",
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"title": "What does また mean in 右、左、または、まっすぐ?",
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{
"body": "In this sentece または is to be seen as a **whole** and means \"or\".",
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| 39708 | 39709 | 39709 |
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"body": "I am still not so clear with the difference between '.....しないで.....’ and\n'....しなくて....' . Could you please explain them for me, and give me some\nexamples?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"て-form",
"negation"
],
"title": "What is the difference between しないで and しなくて?",
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{
"body": "しないで is an order to not do something. しなくて means \"to not do is...\".\n\nこれをしないで！ don't do that!\n\nこれをしなくてもいい。 you don't have to do that.\n\nこれをしなくても本当に大丈夫ですか？ is it really ok for you to not do that?\n\nEDIT \nI forgot to mention the following.\n\nしないで can also be used to connect 2 statements in a similar fashion as しなくて but\nusually used in slightly different ways. I would say that しなくて tends to be\nmore of a cause and effect while しないで to connect rather unrelated statements.\n\n朝ごはんを食べないで学校に行きました。 \nI didn't eat my breakfast and went to school.\n\n朝ごはんを食べなくて腹が減ってきた。 \nI didn't eat breakfast and now I'm hungry.",
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{
"body": "しなくて because I do not\n\nしないで without I do",
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| 39712 | null | 39714 |
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"body": "1. 僕は任務を完成 **した** かどうかを確認しました。 \n 2. 僕は任務を完成 **する** かどうかを確認しました。 \n\nAccording to my understanding, the first is correct. But some people say that\nit is the second, which one is right and why?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T04:58:29.207",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "「僕は任務を完成〔する／した〕かどうかを確認しました。」",
"view_count": 456
} | [
{
"body": "The first one means that you have confirmed that you finished something. The\nsecond one just seems weird and incorrect to me. Maybe it would make more\nsense if you add べき after する so then it would mean that you have confirmed\nthat you have to finish something.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T05:05:29.233",
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"body": "> 1. (僕は) 作業が完成したかどうかを確認しました。\n> 2. (僕は) 作業が完成するかどうかを確認しました。\n>\n\nTo me, these seem like ...\n\n(1) [The checking occurs after starting on the task] -- I checked to see if I\nhad completed the task.\n\n(2) [The checking occurs any time before finishing the task] --\n\n * I checked to see if I am to complete the task. \n * I had checked to see if I am supposed to complete the task. \n \n\n * 「今朝、今日中に作業が完成するかどうかを確認しました。」 \n(This morning) I checked to see if I would complete the task (by the end of\nthe day).\n\n（ 上司に 「確認しました！」 と報告してるような雰囲気で、 「今日中に作業が完成しそうか・・・」 とか アヤフヤな言い方をしたら、上司によっては\n怒られそう ｗ ）\n\nThe speaker can say 1 or 2 any time after the checking occurs.\n\nMaybe this is related to the [relative tense] issue. I hope to add some more\nmaterial to this thread: [相対テンス -- ①ハワイへ行く時、帽子を買う。 ②ハワイへ行く時、帽子を買った。\n③ハワイへ行った時、帽子を買う。\n④ハワイへ行った時、帽子を買った。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39648/16344)\n\n( 任務を完遂, 任務を遂行, 任務を果たす, 任務を全うする, ... may be better, but there were huge number\nof hits for \"任務を完成\" also. )\n\n（ 「作業が完成」「事業が完成」は自然に思えるな。 面倒なので検索もしないけど （→【小声で】結局したｗ） ）\n\nだいたいが、「任務」 「mission」 なんて普通の生活では滅多に使わんだろ？ｗ\n\n相対テンス の話をしてるんであって、「表現の自然さ」に執着し過ぎるのはどうなのよ？ 去年の同じ話題では _「任務を完成」_ （の自然さ）\nが全く問題になってないようだが・・・ｗ [～か ～かどうか\n相対テンスの質問](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27383/16344)\n\n（まぁ、日本語の性質について別の発見もあったな）\n\n最初の時点（Ver.）から自己評価では A の回答なんだが、UpVoteが一個も付かない理由を推理してみると： \n１．OP氏の知りたい事では無かった。 \n２．間髪を入れずに、本サイトでの人気絶大らしきChocoさんのクレームが入ったので、Chocoファン連が全員、遠慮してUpVoteを呉れない。",
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"id": "39720",
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"body": "Both sound weird. You should instead say 僕は任務が完了したかどうかを確認しました, or\n僕は任務が完了しそうか確認しました. 僕は任務が完了するか確認しました is not wrong but しそうか sounds more natural.\n\nIn general 完成 is used for things, while 完了 is used for actions.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T07:38:03.130",
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| 39718 | null | 39722 |
{
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"body": "Talking about the Umeda branch of a hamburger chain, a Japanese colleague\nsaid:\n\n> 梅田店は基本デリバリーからテイクアウトメインだよね。\n\nSo, does this branch do more deliveries than takeouts? Or the opposite? \nOr mostly deliveries AND takeouts, rather than eating within the restaurant?",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T07:19:51.243",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Meaning of 基本 X から Y メイン",
"view_count": 113
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{
"body": "I think から creates a virtual spectrum from delivery to eating in, and your\ncolleague is saying Umeda branch is mainly focused on the delivery to take out\npart of that spectrum.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T07:42:23.897",
"id": "39723",
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"body": "Your friend was not comparing between デリバリー and テイクアウト. メイン is connected to\n\"デリバリーからテイクアウト\" as a whole, and the sentence says both デリバリー and テイクアウト are\nwhat they mostly do (as opposed to letting customers eat in the shop).\n\nデリバリーからテイクアウト is short for デリバリーからテイクアウトまで, and in this case, it refers to\nalmost the same thing as デリバリーやテイクアウト.\n\nI also feel some Kansai people use から as a synonym for やら (e.g.\n「AからBからCから、ようけあって、もうかなわんわ～」), but I may be wrong.",
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| 39721 | 39729 | 39723 |
{
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"body": "For ~ている , it has a negative form which is ~ていない and is usually simplified as\n~てない. Are 手を上げている and 手を上げてある implies the same thing? Which focuses on the\nfact that a subject is raising their hand? What if the sentence becomes\n手を上げてない? Is it the negative ある or いる? ~ている indicates present progressive while\n~てある indicates resultant state from an action done intentionally with a\npurpose.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T08:17:00.733",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does the negative form of 〜てある exist (~てない)?",
"view_count": 647
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{
"body": "First, it's meaningless to compare 手を上げている and 手を上げてある because the latter is a\nstrange expression and people don't say it.\n\nAs for which focuses on how things are happening in the moment, it's\nirrelevant to which is used between …ている and …てある.\n\n…ている can mean either that something happened and the resultant state remains\nor that something is happening in the moment.\n\n…てある focuses the thing while …ている does the action. For example, 字が書いてある\nfocuses what is there on surface of something while 字を書いている does what someone\nhas done.\n\nNegative forms of …てある and …ている are …てない and …ていない respectively. So, if you\nreply to \"何か書いてある？\", you say \"書いてない\". However, the negative form of …てある is so\nrare that you won't really see it beside the usage above. In addition, …ていない\ncould colloquially be contracted into …てない.",
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| 39726 | 39727 | 39727 |
{
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"body": "> ネビルはずっとメソメソしていた。罰っていったい何だろう、とハリーは **思い巡らせた** 。\n>\n> Neville kept sniffing. Harry wondered what their punishment was going to be.\n\nPlease help me understand 思い巡らせた in the sentence above, especially its\nconjugation.",
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"tags": [
"imperatives"
],
"title": "Please help me understand 思い巡らせた",
"view_count": 117
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{
"body": "[巡る](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/217262/meaning/m0u/) means to \"come back\nto\" or \"bring back to\" so adding it to 思い could mean something like, \"think\nagain\" or \"rethink something\".\n\n思い巡る (dictionary form) ---> 思い巡らせる\n([causative](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass)) --->\n思い巡らせた (causative, past, casual)\n\nSo Neville's actions _made_ Harry think again about what the punishment was\ngoing to be.",
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"id": "39737",
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"body": "巡る kind of means to go around from place to place.\n\nThe 巡 kanji is used for 巡回 and 巡礼 where it means the same.\n\nIt is also possible to write 巡る as 回る, so you can see that it has the idea of\ngoing around and around from here to there.\n\nThe base is just a combination of 思い (meaning one's \"mind\") and 巡る.\n\n巡 **らせる** is a **使役-form** of 巡る, so it means to **make or cause** something\nto go around from place to place.\n\nSo, 思い巡らせる or 思いを巡らせる means to make or cause _your_ mind and thoughts to go\naround from place to place. Or as you can see in the definition in the link\nbelow 「あれこれと考える」\n\nIn the context of the quote in the OP, since Harry doesn't know what the\npunishment will be, it's natural to translate 思い巡らせた as \"[he] wondered\", which\nI think implies he was thinking about many different possible outcomes and\ntrying to decide which one he felt it would be.\n\n<http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%80%9D%E3%81%84%E5%B7%A1%E3%82%89%E3%81%99>",
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| 39730 | 39753 | 39753 |
{
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"body": "They seem to mean different things (they aren't different conjugations of the\nsame word). Can someone explain why they use the same kanji? o.o \nAnd probably the exact differences between the two?",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T15:21:03.257",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Please help me explain the kanji in [出]{だ}した and [出]{で}た",
"view_count": 1159
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{
"body": "It seems that you know the difference of their meaning so I just don't bother\nto explain either of their meaning.\n\nIt is just that Chinese do not differ meaning of words in this way. So if\nyou're the one to choose a Chinese word here you may have to create a new word\nfor one of them but that is not very like the traditional way.\n\nBy the way, Chinese use preposition to differ these two kinds of meaning.\n\nSo to be more specific, check <http://kanji.jitenon.jp/sp/kanji/035.html> ,\nyou can see that both 出す(だした) and 出る(出た) are there.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"body": "The both use the same kanji because they are the same in **essence** , the\nmeaning will be something roughly like **Something/someone left a place**.\n\n * **出す** is a transitive verb which means **to take out(something, from the place it was)**. e.g. 引き出しから眼鏡を出して下さい。 Please take out the glasses from the drawer.\n * **出る** is an intransitive verb which means **to leave(someplace, where the person was)**. e.g. 夜に成ると月が出ました。The moon came out when the night arrived.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T18:04:44.280",
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"body": "出す(dasu): to take something out. \n出る(deru): to go out of someplace. \n\n私はゴミを出した。watashi wa gomi wo dashita. \nI took the garbage out. \n\n私は家を出た。watashi wa ie wo deta. \nI left the house.",
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"body": "出す（だす;da-su）means to take out, or to put out.\n\n出る（でる;de-ru）means to go out, to leave, etc.\n\nThey both share the same Kanji root because the meaning of the kanji is\ndirectly related to both of these verbs; both dasu and deru have something to\ndo with \"out,\" going out, putting out, etc.\n\nUsually these two verbs are taught together as transitive and intransitive\npairs.\n\nTransitive verbs take a direct object.\n\nIntransitive verbs don't take a direct object.\n\nYou can usually tell the difference between them with a simple test: ask what\nyou are verb-ing. if it makes sense then it's a transitive verb.\n\nEX: You eat what? I eat an apple.\n\nHere apple is the direct object. The verb takes a direct object, therefore it\nis a transitive verb.\n\nThey are two different words, as _go out_ and _take out_ mean different things\nin English too. So if it's easier to learn them as separate and complete\nwords, rather than as transitive/intransitive pairs, then go for it.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T19:19:21.897",
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| 39731 | null | 39777 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39738",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For some reason I cannot seem to internalize は no matter what I do. \nI received a great explanation 4-5 days ago on this site but I don't know why\nI can't internalize it no matter what. \nWhile reading today I found と言えば and a question came into my mind. \nIf I used と言えば would the sentence change in meaning?\n\nExample:\n\n> あいつは 相手が強ければ強いほど 負けまいとして \n> その強さに夢中で対応してきた\n\nは somehow throws me off.\n\nIf I said:\n\n> あいつと言えば 相手が強ければ強いほど 負けまいとして \n> その強さに夢中で対応してきた\n\nWould the meaning change? \nCould I just use と言えば in my mind until は becomes natural or that would be a\nbig mistake?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T15:45:07.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39732",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "と言えば and は as a topic marker.",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "If it helps you in understanding it then by all means! I usually think of は as\n\"IS\" in English but I can see why it can be confusing as a topic marker. For\nme, と言えば has the feeling of \"speaking of _someone_ , he is blah blah\", but I\ndon't think it really changes the meaning though.\n\nThis [link](http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/lessons/beginning/the-topic-\nmarker-wa/) also explains は as \"As for _subject_ \", maybe that helps? Under\nthat assumption then it is similar to と言えば.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T17:11:30.643",
"id": "39738",
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| 39732 | 39738 | 39738 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39735",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **このさわぎを** 戸川先生やむこうにいた生徒たちまでもが固唾をのんで見つめていることに気がついた関口は、まる子と神谷先生をもう一度きっとにらんだ。 \n> Sekiguchi, who had noticed teacher Togawa and even the students on the\n> other side holding their breath and staring、once again scowled hard at\n> Maruko and teacher Kamiya.\n\nI can't fit このさわぎを into my translation. There seems to be no verb that matches\nwith \"this uproar\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T16:02:35.733",
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"id": "39733",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Can't find a verb to match this object 「このさわぎを」",
"view_count": 67
} | [
{
"body": "You can parse it this way:\n\n> このさわぎ **を** 戸川先生 **や** （むこうにいた）生徒たちまでも **が** （固唾をのんで） **見つめている** ・・・\n\n「ＯをＳ１やＳ２までもがＶしている」 = \"S1 and even S2 are V-ing O\"\n\nこのさわぎ is the object for 見つめている.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T16:11:14.707",
"id": "39735",
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| 39733 | 39735 | 39735 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39767",
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"body": "What does きます mean here? Also I'd like a translation for this sentence.\n\n女の子達は両親に朝御飯を **持ってきます** 。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T16:14:29.253",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "What's きます in 持ってきます?",
"view_count": 1299
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{
"body": "きます comes from the verb 来る (to come).\n\n```\n\n 女の子達は両親に朝御飯を持ってきます。 \n \n```\n\n= The girls will come and bring breakfast to the parents.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T07:37:45.497",
"id": "39763",
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"body": "**持って来ます** is some sort of compound verb, and as many of these verbs it is\nbest understood when reading it's conforming verbs in sequence.\n\n 1. 持って来ます.\n 2. 持つ & 来る.\n 3. take/have & come.\n 4. **Finally we understand it is the transitive verb:** to bring.(because you take something and come someplace)\n\nThere are a lot of this kind of words and you can even make your own as\nneeded:\n\n**て-verb1 + verb2**.\n\ne.g. 傘を忘れて出かけました。 I forgot my umbrella and left(without it).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T14:36:18.090",
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| 39736 | 39767 | 39767 |
{
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"body": "I didn't understand し after 買った\n\n> 旅行の計画は終わった？ \n> うん、切符を買ったし、ホテルの予約もしてある。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-06T17:39:03.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39739",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-07T10:30:13.370",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"particle-し"
],
"title": "The meaning of し",
"view_count": 1671
} | [
{
"body": "This し is an emphatic 'and'.\n\n> 切符を買ったし、ホテルの予約もしてある。 \n> I bought a ticket **and what's more** the hotel's been booked.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T18:12:36.410",
"id": "39742",
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"body": "**し** is used to emphatically add information to a statement, implying that\nsomething **is** among other things(that may be not mentioned as well). The\nsimple formula is as follows:\n\n * **Verbs:** Informal termination + し\n * **i-Adjs:** i-Adj+し: 美味しい → 美味しいし.\n * **na-Adjs/nouns:** na-Adj/noun + だし: 静か → 静かだし\n\ne.g. その喫茶店は料理が美味しいし、値段がひくいし、それに駐車場があるし。 \nThe food on that restaurant is delicious( **among the next facts** ), **also**\nthe prices are low, and what's more, they **also** have parking.\n\nWe can see the emphatically adding of information here with the rough\ntranslations for **し**.\n\n* * *\n\nThis **し** pattern is normally written or spoken with more than 1 **し** on the\nsentence, however, you can have only one **し** on the sentences and end with\nit (although is sometimes not seen as correct).\n\nおいトムくん、もう彼女ができたの？ - Hey Tom, have you gotten yourself a girl already?\n\n彼女？！時間がないし… Girlfriend?! I don't have time for that( **among other reasons**\n).",
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| 39739 | 39743 | 39743 |
{
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"body": "Are there some Japanese greetings like the English \"hello\"? Most greetings\nseems to be tied up temporally or by another specific situation ([もしもし] for\nphones, [こんにちは] during day time). If I left a note behind for someone else I\nwould have no idea how to greet them in the note. In English at least it's\neasy as \"hello\" always works. \"Hello X, by the time you read this...\" or\n\"Hello, if you found this then...\" are two examples. I don't see any of these\nbeing replace with other greetings such as \"good day\", \"welcome\", \"nice to\nmeet you\", etc.\n\nSo what are some of the more generic ways Japanese people greet each other? If\nyou were to leave a note without any idea of when or perhaps who might read\nit, how would you greet them?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T17:45:38.680",
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"id": "39740",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"greetings"
],
"title": "Ways to greet someone irrespective of time and situation?",
"view_count": 454
} | [
{
"body": "This\n[answer](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1228895767)\nmight help. I would probably just put the person's name at the top with へ or a\ncomma, greetings on notes aren't really expected in business situations.\n\nIf it's your friend then I don't think they will mind what kind of greeting\nyou put, some fun ones could be:\n\n> おい！\n>\n> ハロー\n>\n> 元気？？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T18:55:17.560",
"id": "39744",
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"body": "* Are there some Japanese greetings like the English \"hello\"? \n\nNo. Most Japanese greetings are very specific to a certain situation. There is\nno generic greeting like \"hello\" in Japanese. The most generic greeting would\nbe こんにちは, but there are many situations where こんにちは should not be used. For\nexample if you are meeting your friends in the morning you should say\nお早うございます, not こんにちは。\n\n * If you were to leave a note without any idea of when or perhaps who might read it, how would you greet them?\n\nIt depends on the note. For example if you want to warn people about\nsomething, there is no need for greetings. You could title your note with お願い\nor 注意.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 39740 | null | 39761 |
{
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"body": "How would you explain the content of a book, movie, document, etc. to someone\nelse in Japanese? A is about B. Like \"This book is about two girls falling in\nlove\" and \"That movie is about a ninja who has to fight a dragon to save his\nparents\". Everything I come up with seems extremely clunky and I would like\nsome help.\n\nSome attempts\n\n> この本の内容は二人女の子が惚れる。\n>\n> この本について二人女の子が惚れる。",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T21:02:54.380",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to talk about the content of something?",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "I like your first translation but you could add 話 at the end to make it a bit\nbetter :).\n\n> この本の内容は二人の女の子が惚れるという話です。\n\nor\n\n> その映画は二人の女の子が恋に落ちる話です。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T22:01:03.980",
"id": "39747",
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"body": "```\n\n ( Ok, maybe it wasn't a \"translation request\". )\n \n```\n\n---- By searching with these keywords, you can get more variations.\n\nこの本は、女の子２人が恋に落ちる話です。 \nこの本は、女の子２人が恋をするストーリーです。 \nこの本では、女の子２人が恋をするんです。 \nこの本では、女の子２人が ・・・をしちゃうんです。 \n\nこの映画の主題は・・・です。 \nこれは、・・・が主題（テーマ）の映画です。 \nこれは、・・・を追求した映画です。 \n\nこれは、「もしも男女２人の体と心が入れ替わったらどうなる？」 という映画です。 \nこれは、・・・が・・・して、・・・する映画です。 \nこれは、・・・が・・・して、・・・するという映画です。 \n\nこの映画の見せ場 （見所、クライマックス） は、・・・の場面です。 \nこの映画のメインは、・・・という展開です。 \nこの映画のさわりは、・・・の場面です。 \n\n> nihongo.koakishiki.com/goi/question-30.html \n> 「話のさわり」というときの「さわり」は、浄瑠璃用語で 「曲中で最も聞きどころ、聞かせどころとされている部分」を指します。\n> それが転じて、「話の中心となる部分、聞かせどころ」、「演劇・映画などの名場面、見どころ」を意味するようになりました。\n> よく、「物話の導入部、最初の部分」という意味で用いられますがそれは本来の意味ではありません。 ...",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T22:23:03.093",
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| 39745 | null | 39749 |
{
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"body": "In このボクのように _完ペキな仙人_ 仕様にはまだ成れなかったんだよ彼も！ \nI thought that it meant \"Just like me, not even he could attain the _perfect\nsage_ method!\"\n\nHowever the official translation is \n\"He couldn't become the perfect sage _that I have become_!\"\n\nMy understanding or the sentence is that 彼も and このボクのように implies that both\npersons couldn't attain 完ペキな仙人. Am I correct or is the official translation\ncorrect? And why?\n\nHere's a picture for more context, the sequence is 1-2-3 from left to right:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6DdYc.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T21:41:44.670",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-06T23:22:56.200",
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"owner_user_id": "17828",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "How is ~ように used/linked in this sentence?",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "The official translation is probably better, because apparently this creature\nis claiming to be a \"perfect sage\" himself. (But it depends on the story.)\n\nProbably you're misunderstanding what この僕のように modifies. You're treating\nこの僕のように as something like a sentence adverb, but this この僕のように actually only\nmodifies the na-adjective right after it, 完ペキ. この僕のように完璧な仙人 forms a noun\nphrase that just means \"sage who is as perfect as me\" or \"perfect sage like\nme\".\n\nIf there were a comma after この僕のように, then it's possible to interpret it as a\nsentence adverb.\n\n> * 彼のように私は英語を話せない。 \n> I can't speak English like him. = My English is not as good as his.\n> * 彼のように、私は英語を話せない。 (sounds a bit unnatural) \n> Just like him, I can't speak English (either).\n>\n\n**EDIT:** 仕様 here is not a synonym for 仕方（しかた, a way of doing） but a different\nword meaning \"spec\". As a suffix, ～仕様 means something like \"-grade\", \"-spec\",\n\"-ready\", etc (eg 冬仕様 = winter-grade). So strictly speaking, this sentence is\ntalking not about actually becoming a sage but about the \"readiness\" to become\na sage: \"He could not be as 'perfect-sage-ready' as me ...\" or \"His body was\nnot prepared for becoming a perfect sage ...\" The official translation seems\nto have simplified this part.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T01:16:57.050",
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| 39746 | null | 39752 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39750",
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"body": "I couldn't understand this structure, so I would like an explanation for this\nand a translation\n\n日本語を **ずっと前から** 勉強してきて、結局はやめた。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T22:17:09.127",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "What does ずっと前から mean?",
"view_count": 1383
} | [
{
"body": "Translated it means:\n[this](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9A%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E5%89%8D%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89).\n\nAnd you can break up the parts:\n\n```\n\n ずっと - for a long time\n 前から - from before \n \n```\n\nPut it all together --> Since a long time ago\n\n> I've studied Japanese from a long time ago, but ended up stopping.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-06T22:37:14.600",
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"body": "ずっと is an adverb meaning \"very\".\n\n前 means \"past\", \"before\".\n\nずっと前 means \"a long time ago\".\n\nずっと前から means \"since a long time ago\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T07:29:53.637",
"id": "39762",
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"body": "I'm a native Japanese speaker. \"日本語をずっと前から勉強してきて、結局はやめた。\" sounds unnatural. I\ndon't think it is worth learning. It should be like\n\"日本語をずっと前から勉強してきたが、結局、止めてしまった\" or so.\n\nUnfortunately I found the website where the sentence came from contains a lot\nof unnatural sentences. I'm afraid they were invented by a non-native speaker.",
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| 39748 | 39750 | 39750 |
{
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"body": "For verbs:\n\n> 授業があるんじゃない(ですか)\n>\n> 授業がないんじゃない(ですか)\n\nFor -i adjectives:\n\n> その映画が面白いんじゃない(ですか)\n>\n> その映画が面白くないんじゃない(ですか)\n\nFor nouns and -na adjectives, the negative is 「じゃない」:\n\n> 彼は学生なんじゃない(ですか)\n\nSo if I want to ask \"isn't that he is not a student?\", can I use this:\n\n> 彼は学生じゃないんじゃない(ですか)\n\nI saw a question that said 「その人が買うんじゃないの」 in plain form. If I change it into\npolite speech, will it be 「その人が買うんじゃないんですか。」?\n\nDoes that mean : verb/i-adj(na-adj/noun) + の(なの) + じゃない + の + ですか existed?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T04:35:48.493",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"questions"
],
"title": "Does a question using じゃないんじゃない exist?",
"view_count": 903
} | [
{
"body": "To answer the titular question: yes.\n\nA google search will immediately get you a few examples.\n\nFrom\n[「”じゃないかな”」に関連した英語例文の一覧](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%22)\n(emphasis mine):\n\n> 「それどころ **じゃないんじゃない** かな」\n>\n> * F. Scott Fitzgerald『グレイト・ギャツビー』\n>\n\n* * *\n\n> If I change it into polite speech, will it be その人が買うんじゃないんですか。?\n\nSounds sound to me. However, you might want to phrase it differently depending\non how formal you want to, or need to, sound. \"ん\" is commonly used as a less\nformal version of \"の\". Similarly, \"じゃない\" is a less formal version of \"ではない\".",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T06:17:27.197",
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| 39755 | 39758 | 39758 |
{
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"body": "I looked up a few points concerning feminine given names that might help, such\nas different suffixes like -e, -ka, -ko, etc. but am at a loss as to how to\nfit them together (\"Yomogiko\"?) and also how to write this in kana.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T05:47:03.783",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"names",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "How to turn 蓬 into feminine given name?",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "Yes we have many common female given names which follow the `kanji\nrepresenting a plant name + 子(ko)` pattern:\n\n * 菊子 ( _Kikuko_ , 'chrysanth' + 子)\n * 百合子 ( _Yuriko_ , 'lily' + 子)\n * 松子 ( _Matsuko_ , 'pine' + 子)\n\n蓬子 is less common compared to the names above, but it's a possible female\ngiven name. It's usually read as ほうこ ( _Hōko_ ) rather than よもぎこ ( _Yomogiko_\n). The [on-yomi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji#On.27yomi_.28Sino-\nJapanese_reading.29) of the kanji 蓬 is ほう ( _hō_ ), and we usually don't\nprefer long readings (more than 2\n[morae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_\\(Japanese_prosody\\))) before _ko_\nfor whatever reason. In addition, some people may feel 蓬 (read as _hō_ ) is a\n\"fortunate\" kanji related to [this\nlegend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Penglai).\n\n`-e` and `-ka` both appear in many female given names, and both have several\npossible kanji. But I don't know how to form a natural-sounding person name\nusing 蓬 and `-e/-ka`. Don't ask me why.",
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| 39756 | null | 39774 |
{
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"body": "Since different instruments use different verbs for \"play\" (弾く、叩く、吹く、even 歌う),\nis there one nice word to wrap them up? [奏]{かな}でる and its variants (演奏、合奏)\nsound too formal to me. プレイする？\n\nThe scenario would be interviewing the members of the band, asking their\nmost/least favourite of their songs to play.\n\n> <The \"play\" verb> の（が）好き[な、じゃない]曲は？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words",
"verbs",
"music"
],
"title": "Is there a generic word for a band/orchestra to \"play\" a song?",
"view_count": 956
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{
"body": "演奏していて楽しい曲 doesn't sound overly formal to me, but you can also say やっていて楽しい曲\nor 弾【ひ】いていて楽しい曲. The generic word you can use with 楽器 is 弾く (i.e., 楽器を弾く). A\ndrummer won't complain if you ask this to multiple members in a band\nsimultaneously. When you want to include a vocalist, too, probably やる is the\nonly possible choice. 奏でる would sound needlessly poetic when an interviewer\nasks something like this.",
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"body": "As [naruto mentioned](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39759/11830),\n\"演奏する\" sounds like a perfectly reasonable candidate, and is not too formal.\n\nAnother option is to use the \"演\" of \"演奏\"; \"演じる\". This is however perhaps most\ncommonly used in regards to theatrical pieces, such as opera and plays.",
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"body": "楽器をなにか演奏しますか is what I found in jisho.",
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| 39757 | 39759 | 39759 |
{
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"body": "A teacher was too nice, lost control of her class and then slapped one of\nthem. Another teacher is trying to comfort her:\n\n> 私も少し甘やかしすぎる方だから、子供たちにはいいクスリになったんじゃないでしょうか。 \n> Because I also spoil them too much the children learnt a lesson, didn't\n> they?\n\nI always get confused with endings like んじゃないでしょうか. My translation makes no\nsense. I assume he is saying that the kids didn't learn a lesson because he\nspoils them too much, but I don't see how this can mean that they **didn't**\nlearn a lesson.\n\nWhat is the actual meaning of this sentence and how do I parse it correctly?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
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"title": "Understanding んじゃないでしょうか",
"view_count": 2541
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{
"body": "I hope I'm not wrong on this one but I think the sentence goes different:\n\n> **私も少し甘やかしすぎる方だから、子供たちにはいいクスリになったんじゃないでしょうか。**\n>\n> I'm also too soft with them so, I think it was a good lesson for them(the\n> kids), right?\n\nWe can rephrase the last part with only:\n\n> **子供たちにはいいクスリになったんじゃない。**\n>\n> I think it was a good lesson for them(the kids), right?\n\nBut adding **でしょうか** adds the fact that the speaker is expressing that said\nthing is only her opinion(and may differ from the reality or other people's\nopinions).\n\nSo the sentence is maybe interpreted like:\n\n> **私も少し甘やかしすぎる方だから、子供たちにはいいクスリになったんじゃないでしょうか。**\n>\n> I'm also too soft with them so I'm wondering \"I think it was a good lesson\n> for them, right?\".",
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"body": "Your translation of いいクスリになったんじゃないでしょうか seems perfect to me. It does say \"the\nchildren learnt a lesson, didn't they?\"\n\nI agree that the first half of the sentence does not serve as the _direct_\nreason for what's said in the last half, but this sentence would make sense if\nyou understand the context. This だから was used referring to something shared by\nthe two teachers but unsaid in this sentence -- being too nice is not good,\nand sometimes children need to be physically disciplined.\n\nYou can interpret this sentence like this:\n\n> (As a teacher, **being too nice is a bad thing**. But) I also tend to spoil\n> them too much. _Therefore_ , I think the children learnt a (necessary and\n> valuable) lesson (from _you_ ).",
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"body": "I concur with naruto and Ruri, but would like to contribute a slightly\ndifferent, very much less than literal translation:\n\n> I'm too soft with them, too, but I think _you_ did them a favor.\n\nWhat the second teacher is saying is that, in effect, the first teacher taught\nthe children a valuable lesson by slapping one of them, and he admires her for\nit because it's something he hasn't mustered the guts to do. To rehash what\nnaruto said, the second teacher is simply omitting the part about slapping,\nbecause the context makes it clear.",
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| 39768 | 39772 | 39772 |
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"body": "For example in [this page](http://kotobaknow.com/gosokurou), reading by\ncontext I understand the phrase `あるにはあります` in the sentence\n\n> 足労、という言葉もあるにはありますが、「ご」を付けずに使うことはほとんどありません。\n\nas expressing circumspection. That is, while I would translate\n\n> 足労、という言葉はありますが、「ご」を付けずに使うことはほとんどありません。\n>\n> The word 足労 exists, but is hardly ever used unless ご is attached.\n\nI would rather translate the original phrase as\n\n> 足労、という言葉もあるにはありますが、「ご」を付けずに使うことはほとんどありません。\n>\n> While the word 足労 does exists, it is hardly ever used unless ご is attached.\n\n 1. Is this correct?\n 2. If so, how can I understand `あるにはあります` when used without a contrasting particle such as `が` or `けど`? This usage is rarer, but can be seen e.g. in [this question](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11108368726): \n\n> Q: 皆さんは趣味ありますか？\n>\n> A: あるにはあります。(and then some examples)\n\n 3. Can this grammar be used with verbs other than `ある`? More precisely, the grammar in question is `V in 辞書形 + に(は) + V in some conjunction` where `V` is the same verb in both positions.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"usage",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Meaning of あるにはあります",
"view_count": 500
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| 39773 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39781",
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"body": "When you say\n\n> 部屋をきれいにします\n\nYou mean \"Clean the room\" (make it so that the room becomes clean).\n\nOn the other hand, when you say\n\n> 静かにする\n\nYou mean \"Be quiet\".\n\nIf these meanings are right, would the sentences\n\n> すべてが静かにする\n>\n> すべてを静かにする\n\nmean, respectively, \"Everything is quiet\" and \"Make everything quiet\" ?\n\nLastly, what would be the difference in meaning between the following:\n\n> すべてが静かにする\n>\n> すべてが静かにある",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-に",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Meaning of adjective + にする",
"view_count": 1373
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{
"body": "Not native, not fluent.\n\nJust a guess:\n\n> すべてが静かにある\n\nI think that's just describing the current state of affairs. \"Everything is\nquiet\".\n\nIt's probably similar to ってある form, as in:\n\n> 〇〇書いてある\n\nSomething something is written",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T17:58:47.633",
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{
"body": "> 部屋をきれいにします \n> \"Clean the room\" (make it so that the room becomes clean).\n>\n> 静かにする \n> \"Be quiet\".\n\nThe する in きれいにする means \"to make\", and the する in 静かにする means \"to behave\".\n\n> すべてが静かにする\n\nする as \"to behave~~\" is (usually) used for animate things. So you can say\n全員が静かにする, みんなが静かにする \"Everyone stays quiet\", すべての生徒が静かにする \"All the students\nstay quiet\" etc., but すべてが静かにする sounds a bit unnatural. For \"Everything is\nquiet\", you'd say すべてが静かである*, すべてが静かだ, etc.\n\n> すべてを静かにする\n\nmeans \"make everything quiet\". ～を静かに **させる** sounds more natural to me but\nit'd probably depend on the context.\n\n> すべてが静かにある\n\n静かにある is grammatically incorrect. You'd say 静かである* or 静かだ.\n\nSo, for example for \"All the students are quiet,\" you could say:\n\n> すべての生徒が静かにしている。 \n> すべての生徒が静かである / 静かだ。\n\nThe former is like \"All the students are being/staying quiet now\", and the\nlatter \"All the students are quiet (now, or always)\".\n\n*である sounds more literary/formal than だ.",
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| 39775 | 39781 | 39781 |
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"body": "Related: [What is the meaning of\n「読むには読んだ」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34564/16344) \nRelated: [には with plain form of\nverb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29886/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%af-\nwith-plain-form-of-verb)\n\n> [dictionary.goo.ne.jp\n> 「には」](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/167736/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF/) \n> ３.\n> （多く「…には…が」の形で、動詞や形容詞を繰り返して）一応その動作や状態は認めるが、それに関連して起こる動作や状態については関知したり容認したりしない意を表す。\n> 「推薦状は、書く―書くが、あまり期待しないでくれ」 「涼しい―涼しいが、ちょっと冷えすぎる」\n\n 1. [dictionary.goo.ne.jp] doen't have a similar entry for 「のは」 -- Does this mean that 「には」 is more \"canonical\" ?\n\n 2. Are they related (one deriving from the other) ?\n\n 3. 「涼しいのは涼しい」 vs. 「涼しいには涼しい」 -- I think the former is more common (tentatively confirmed by Google hit numbers). Is there a difference in meaning? What's the rule for choosing one over the other? ( 「のは」 vs. 「には」 )\n\n> [thesaurus.weblio.jp 「あるにはある」\n> ](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B)\n> == 物事の有無について、ないことを否定する表現\n>\n> (Syn.) : 無くはない ・ ないとは言えない ・ 無いわけではない ・ ないと言えば嘘になる ・ あるにはある ・ 有るか無いかと問われればある\n\n追加： あると言えばある（んだが）、 嬉しいと言えば嬉しい（んだが）、・・・\n\nいわゆる、「奥歯に物が（の）挟まったような言い方」 ですねｗ",
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"tags": [
"usage",
"expressions",
"particle-に",
"particle-は",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "「のは」 vs. 「には」 -- as in 「嬉しいのは嬉しい」 「あるにはある」",
"view_count": 514
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{
"body": "Google hit counts is extremely unreliable; you have to use a corpus whenever\npossible. According to [BCCWJ](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/),\n\n * あるにはある 58 hits\n * あることはある 19 hits\n * あるのはある 2 hits, one being irrelevant (\"誇張があるのはある意味では当然のこと\")\n * [あるといえばある/あると言えばある](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39630/5010) 6 hits\n\nSo `XのはX` is very rare as long as ある is concerned.\n\nAs for other adjectives/verbs, I would say there is very little difference\nbetween, for example, 遠いには遠いが～, 遠いことは遠いが～ and 遠いのは遠いが～. (遠いといえば遠いが～ is\ndifferent) But probably 遠いには遠いが sounds a bit more formal and/or literary.\n\nEtymologically, I guess `XのはX` is more closely related to `XことはX` because they\nare both known as the nominalizers.",
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"body": "I am unsure if this is an acceptable way to say, \"how do you make bread?\"\n\n確かに、\n\n> パンの作りかたはどうしますか\n\nという言い方や、\n\n> どうやってパンをつくりますか\n\nという言い方もあるとわかっていますが、「作り方」という言葉は名詞ですので\n\n> パンの作り方は何ですか\n\nと聞いてもいいでしょうか？",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
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"title": "パンの作り方は何ですか。 OK?",
"view_count": 353
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{
"body": "Here is a casual expression off the top of my head:\n\nパンって、どうやって作るの？ [How is bread made? or How do you make bread?]\n\nIf you are asking someone to teach you, you can say:\n\nパンの作り方を教えてください。 [Please tell/teach me how to make bread.]",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-07T23:15:11.573",
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"body": "I don't think it's acceptable, though one can see its meaning.\n\nパンの作り方は何ですか is grammatically correct, saying \"what is the way to make bread?\"\n\nBut asking a way (やり方) by 何 is not natural. I feel 何 is asking something that\ncan be answered using a noun (phrase). For パンの作り方, you need equipped sentences\nto describe it. So using どう is better.",
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"body": "# English\n\nI can understand what that means, but I have a feeling it's not entirely\nright. \nIn the same way, I have a feeling that your first sentence is not entirely\nright, either. \nYou should say:\n\n> どうやってパンを作りますか.\n\n# Japanese\n\n意味は理解できます。ですが、その文には違和感があります。 \n「パンの作り方はどうしますか」も同じように違和感あり\n\n> どうやってパンを作りますか？\n\nと聞いたほうが自然です。",
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{
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"body": "I recently learnt the word もちきり. It always seems to preceeded by a word with\nparticle で e.g.\n\n> 最近、あなたの噂でもちきりよ \n> Rumours about you are a hot topic at the moment.\n\nI can't understand why で is used. Which type of で is this?",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-08T08:33:32.097",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Particle で before もちきり",
"view_count": 125
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{
"body": "で particle can indicate location of action, time of action, means of action.\n\n**で particle also indicates cause of an effect.**\n\nIn this case, **hot topic** is the effect of **rumors about you**. もちきりよ is an\n**effect** , and あなたの噂 is a **cause**.\n\nHope it helps.",
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"body": "The word もちきり can be literally translated like \"full loaded\" or \"loaded all\nthe time\", that figuratively describes a topic totally occupies people's\ntongues.\n\nSo, this **で** should be taken as _instrumental_ \"with\", as in:\n\n> アニメ **で** 日本語を覚える _learn Japanese **with** anime_ \n> 仕事 **で** 忙しい _busy **with** work_\n\n* * *\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5TfzT.jpg)",
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| 39785 | 40029 | 39790 |
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"body": "I'm lost, I think I get the general gist of the statement, but I'm unsure as\nto what the whole meaning is and while there's a few grammar points I'm unsure\nof (「とか」 and 「なんだな」 I'm guessing are a listing particle and a shortened\nversion of 「なのだな」) I can't make sense of the **「自分は深く考えてなかった」** part.\n\n(It's a comment on one of my HelloTalk posts. Basically me saying I think we\nlearn a lot from your own and others' mistakes)\n\nThe post:\n\n> 私もそうおもいます ここは間違いやすいとこなんだな、とか自分は深く考えてなかったけどこういう理屈なんだな、とか。\n\nWhat I think they said:\n\n> I think so too. Here's somewhere you can easily make mistakes isn't or [This\n> is the part I'm a little confused about] but, [\"this is the reason\"?]",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "I don't understand this sentence 「自分は深く考えてなかった」",
"view_count": 354
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{
"body": "You're right. 「〜とか」 is a listing particle for general examples of the topic\nbeing discussed. However It should always come after the example being given.\nYou can see the writer used it at the beginning of the second sentence when he\nshould have used 「たとえば」instead. *(which means \"for example\") Also it seems\nlike an afterthought at the end of his final sentence too so it doesn't\nnecessarily need to be there either.\n\nOk so let's break down the part your confused about. 自分{じぶん}は\n深く{ふかく}教えてなかった{おしえてなかった} I'm guessing the first part that might be confusing\nis 深く{ふかく}. This is the adverb form for the adjective 深い{ふかい}(deep; profound).\nYou can make any い-adj into an adverb by dropping the い and replacing it with\nく. You can also do this with な-adj but instead you add に to the end. eg:\n静か{しずか}(quiet) --> 静か{しずか}に(quietly) Therefore 深く{ふかく} would mean \"deeply\" or\n\"profoundly\"\n\nThe second part I'll address is the verb they used. 教える{おしえる} means \"to teach;\nto instruct\". Here they expressed in the past continuous state. The 〜ている form\nit means it's continuous and he used 「〜て(い)なかった」 which means was not x-ing.\nHowever he dropped the い after て which is how you might casually speak the\nwords. It still means the same thing just is a more colloquial way of\nconjugating the verb ending.\n\nSo in conclusion, 「とか」things like~ (*for example) 「自分{じぶん}は」as for myself\n「深く{ふかく}」deeply 「教えてなかった{おしえてなかった}」was not teaching\n「とか、自分{じぶん}は深く{ふかく}教えてなかった{おしえてなかった}けど…」\n\nIf we put it together it sounds like \"For example, as for myself was not\ndeeply teaching but...\"\n\nThis still sounds a little confusing though so based on the conversation topic\nI would conclude the writer wanted to say \"For example, as for myself I have\nnot been extensively taught but...\" To do this they would have needed to use\nthe passive form of 教える{おしえる} which would be 「教えられなかった{おしえられなかった}」. Also as a\nside note the writer seems to write as they think which might explain why\ntheir sentence structure is the way it is.\n\nHope that helps.",
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| 39786 | 39787 | 39787 |
{
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"body": "I will give a sentence as an example:\n\n> 本が深く教えてなかった。\n\nThe first question: Could things like book or door or etc... become\n**subject** of a transitive verb ?\n\nThe second question: Could a transitive verb work **without an object** ?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Please help me understand more about intransitive verb and transitive verb",
"view_count": 185
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{
"body": "1. Transitive verbs can be used with such objects, after all they have a close relationship with their direct objects and are connected with them with the particle **を**.\n\n> **T.Verb + を + Direct Obj.**\n>\n> ドアを開けました。\n>\n> I opened the door.\n\n 2. They can also be used without a direct object as this may be implied by context.",
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"body": "本が深く教えてなかった sounds unnatural and hardly makes sense to me. In casual\nconversations, we usually say, for example, 本を読んでもよく分からなかった instead, with \"I\"\nas the implicit subject.\n\nYour first question is covered in this question: [In Japanese, can we say an\nobject asks a question?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32436/5010)\n\nAs for your second question, yes it's sometimes possible to omit an object.\nFor example, you don't have to repeat the same object again in a conversation\nlike this:\n\n> A: その本を読みましたか。 Did you read the book? \n> B: いいえ、まだです。 No, not yet. \n> A: では、読んでください。 Then please read _it_.\n\nHowever many transitive verbs would make little sense if they completely lack\nthe object. You don't usually say \"I say\" without specifying what you say.\nIt's better to use an intransitive verb which have a similar meaning (e.g.,\nthere is a word \"to chat\" which does not require an object)",
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"body": "These questions are not about Japanese language. They are more about grammar\nin general.\n\n-Could things like book or door or etc... become subject of a transitive verb ? \nYes. You can say for example: \n台風は街を破壊した。The typhoon destroyed the city.\n\n-Could a transitive verb work without an object ? \nNo. By definition a transitive verb requires an object. But you can omit the\nobject from a sentence if it can be inferred from the context.",
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| 39788 | 39812 | 39812 |
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"body": "Could someone explain to me what it roughly means when a sentence is composed\nof \" **somethingに** 何かを感じていたようだ\", such as \"世界大戦に何かを感じていたようだ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-08T14:22:17.470",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "The usage of ようだ with 何かを感じていた",
"view_count": 68
} | [
{
"body": "感じる here is related to 感想 which roughly translates to \"thoughts\". So it\nroughly translates to `something seems to have invoked some thoughts in the\nperson`.",
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"body": "This might be a common question but I really don't understand. I have searched\na lot of websites but... I end up here. The facts that I know (can be wrong) :\n\n * ば focuses on the condition and cannot be used with instruction, permission, and command. \n\n * たら focuses on the result, can be used freely, and implies a completed action. It can also be used for unexpected situation and can mean when. \n\nThe one that make me confused is the focusing differences of the condition(ば)\nand the result(たら). How to know if a conditional phrase focuses on the\ncondition or the result?\n\nIn these sentences, should it better be ば or たら?\n\nA:レストランに行かない? B:時間があれば行くよ. For this I choose ば because it is the decider.\n\nA:頑張って! B:私の勝ちだったら付き合ってください! For this I choose たら because the result is\nintroduced and prioritized.\n\nTo be honest I just used my feeling to explain the reason because I can not\nuse the words. Giving links to a website will not help. But again answers will\nbe fully appreciated.",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "What is the specific difference between ば and たら conditionals?",
"view_count": 2557
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{
"body": "For たら you can find a pretty good starting point [here](http://www.learn-\njapanese-adventure.com/japanese-conditional-form-tara.html) and\n[here](http://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/tara-sentence-special-\ncase.html). The same page offers some good info for ば [here](http://www.learn-\njapanese-adventure.com/japanese-conditional-form-ba-nara.html). You may also\nwant to save that page for future references as it offers good lessons on a\nwide variety of grammar topics. Hope it helps mate.",
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"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 82:\n\nS1 ば S2 represents a conditional relationship: \nIf S1 then S2.\n\nS2 can be a command, request or suggestion. In this case, however, S1 cannot\nbe an action.\n\nCORRECT: 山本さんが来たら、知らせて下さい。 \nWRONG: 山本さんが来れば、知らせて下さい。 \nIf Mr. Yamamoto comes in, please let me know.\n\nCORRECT: シカゴへ行くなら、バスで行ったらどうですか。 \nWRONG: シカゴへ行けば、バスで行ったらどうですか。 \nIf you go to Chicago, why don't you go by bus?\n\nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 452: \nS1 たら S2 indicates that S2 takes place after S1.\n\nExample: \nWRONG: 私はシカゴへ行ったら、たいてい車で行きます。 \nCORRECT: 私はシカゴへ行く時、たいてい車で行きます。 \nWhen I go to Chicago, I usually go by car.",
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"body": "I have been doing exercises from Nihongo so-matome n3 grammar book, when I\nstumbled upon this question, and the answer seems to make no sense to me\n(Nihongo so-matome n3 grammar pg. 59, ex. 14)\n\n> 日本語が上手なのは10年もいるからなんですね。（＿）日本人と変わりませんね\n>\n> １）そのたびに ２）それにしては ３）だとしたら ４）それにしても\n\nthe correct answer is supposedly 4) but it seems to make no sense, so I must\nbe misunderstanding something. Doesn't it mean \"He has been speaking japanese\nfluently for the past 10 years. Even so he is no different from a Japanese [in\nhis language ability]\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T18:22:44.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39800",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "11958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "それにしても日本人と変わりませんね - this sentence seems to make no sense",
"view_count": 1271
} | [
{
"body": "[\"He has been speaking japanese fluently for the past 10 years. ] is not quite\nright. When you see this, you may have an AHA moment.\n\nI had a comment here that was erased by someone. Please revive it, and i'll\ndelete it myself (after retrieving 1 sentence from the comment). Or if it's\nany trouble, pls do nothing. Thanks. _____ In general, what's the rule /\nconvention for deleting such a comment ? ( No need to answer it -- the [big\nbrother knows best] approach.)\n\nDid the OP have an AHA moment ? -------- Do you understand, now, why ４）それにしても\nis the best (and compelling) answer?\n\n> 日本語が上手なのは10年もいるからなんですね。（＿）日本人と変わりませんね。\n\nThe correct answer (4) isn't too compelling. I wonder how many other strings\nwould fit in the Blank.\n\nWhat is the most fitting expression in the Blank ?\n\n * 日本語が上手なのは10年もいるからなんですね。（本当に）日本人と変わりませんね。\n\n * 日本語が上手なのは10年も日本にいるからなんですね。（いやー、長時間話していても）日本人と変わりませんね。\n\n * 日本語が上手なのは10年も日本にいるからなんですね。（いろんな表現とか発音とか）日本人と変わりませんね。\n\nBut is there a better \"logical connective\" in the blank than それにしても ？\n\n* * *\n\nA hypothetical question re: ２）それにしては\n\n> 日本語が上手なのは10年もいるからなんですね。（ それにしては ） ...\n\nWhat should follow after this （ それにしては ）?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T19:08:15.223",
"id": "39803",
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{
"body": "While the exclusion approach may be useful for exams, it is hardly useful for\ndaily life. From what knowledge I have, the phrase それにしても is used to shift\nattention from one fact to another. In this case, it is not invalidating the\nfirst sentence, but is rather making an additional comment about the other\nparty's ability to speak Japanese fluently.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T19:48:47.837",
"id": "39807",
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{
"body": "> 日本語が上手なのは10年もいるからなんですね。（＿）日本人と変わりませんね。 \n> Your Japanese is good and it's because you've been in Japan for 10 years.\n> (___) you are no different from Japanese people.\n\nI believe 3) だとしたら and 4) それにしても are both acceptable depending on the context.\nIf this was said to a teenager, I would certainly choose だとしたら (\"If that's the\ncase, ...\"). If I know this was a conversation between two people in their\nforties, I would not choose だとしたら.\n\nUnlike それにしては which is followed by some contrastive statement, それにしても can work\nas \"anyway, ...\", \"at any rate, ...\" or even \"by the way, ...\". It's a word\nused to break a logical link with the previous context and tell what the\nspeaker is feeling at the moment.\n\n> 分かりました、明日が締切ですね。それにしても、この部屋は暑いですね。 \n> Okay, the deadline is tomorrow. By the way, this room is hot, isn't it?\n\nRegarding this question, using それにしても means the speaker is impressed by the\nother person's Japanese ability _anyway_. Ten years is a long time, but it may\nnot be long enough to speak like a native speaker. _Either way / The point is_\n, his Japanese is really good.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T01:30:27.500",
"id": "39813",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-09T01:54:37.440",
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"score": 7
},
{
"body": "* それにしても here means: _even after taking that into account_ , _even after taking that as a given_ , _even so_ , _still_ , or something along those lines.\n\n * 日本語が上手なのは10年もいるからなんですね。 may be better translated as something like:\n\n> So the reason you speak Japanese fluently is because you've been in Japan\n> for as many as 10 years(, huh).\n\n * And 日本人と変わりませんね。 as:\n\n> It impresses me how you are no different from a Japanese (in your language\n> ability)\n\nThe kicker here is the ね at the end (a so-called \"感動助詞\").\n\nThe illocutionary act performed by uttering the ね-less version \"日本人と変わりません。\"\nwould be a putting forward of the proposition \"You are no different from a\nJapanese (in your language ability).\"\n\nAs it is, however, \"日本人と変わりません _ね_ 。\" is rather an expression, a putting into\nwords, by the utterer of their being in a certain way \"internally affected\" by\nthe fact that the listener (\" _you_ \") is no different from a Japanese [in\ntheir language ability].\" And that certain way in which the utterer is\n\"internally affected\" here is by being impressed. (Hence the translation\nabove.)\n\nGiven these considerations, the quote in question after inserting 4)それにしても may\nbe rendered as follows:\n\n> So, the reason you speak Japanese so fluently is because you've been in\n> Japan for as many as 10 years. **But even after considering that** , it\n> still impresses me how your Japanese is as good as native speakers'.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T07:33:42.707",
"id": "39827",
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"owner_user_id": "11575",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39800 | 39813 | 39813 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39818",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example in a sentence like this which I found online looking this up:\n\nお盆は祖先をまつる期間なので、祖先の霊を迎える前にお墓を掃除するのは大切なことです。\n\nAs a native speaker where would you naturally pause? I am not sure where to\nmentally pause when reading and that kind of mess with my ability to\ncomprehend sentences in one go.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T19:20:24.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39804",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "Natural pauses when reading and speaking",
"view_count": 541
} | [
{
"body": "A good tip for non-native speakers is to pause regularly after particles or\ngrammar structures (in this sentence, for example, at は, を, なので, 前に, and のは).\nUsually when Japanese people try to enunciate their sentences they will follow\nthis strategy, which although it doesn't sound 100% natural, should get you\nstarted on the right path.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T20:08:01.443",
"id": "39808",
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{
"body": "I would read it like this:\n\n> お盆は祖先をまつる期間なので、(pause)祖先の霊を迎える前にお墓を掃除するのは(small pause)大切なことです。\n\nor maybe like this, when reading very slowly:\n\n> お盆は(small pause)祖先をまつる期間なので、(big pause)祖先の霊を迎える前に(small\n> pause)お墓を掃除するのは(pause)大切なことです。\n\nI read it this way because I parse the sentence this way:\n\n［お盆は祖先をまつる期間なので］、［｛（祖先の霊を迎える前に）お墓を掃除するのは｝大切なことです］。",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T02:51:38.293",
"id": "39818",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "39804",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39804 | 39818 | 39808 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When we were in Japan in July I kept hearing shopkeepers say something like\n\"hai dodo\" when I went in or even passed by the shop. I never asked anyone\nthere, but am curious as to the meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T19:24:15.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39805",
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"owner_user_id": "18177",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -4,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Meaning of phrase \"Hai do do?\"",
"view_count": 1160
} | [
{
"body": "They were presumably saying \"hai, douzo\", which literally means something like\n\"yes, go ahead\" but is used to mean something more like \"please come in\" in\nthis situation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T19:36:47.680",
"id": "39806",
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| 39805 | null | 39806 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've been talking with a Japanese exchange student at my college. For 4 years\nI've been studying Japanese and we get along just fine most of the time but\nsometimes even I get a bit lost.\n\nHe's from Kobe so perhaps it's a part of his dialect.\n\nMy question is, what does「なにしてたん？」mean? The main thing that confuses me is たん.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T20:17:06.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39809",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T02:20:19.127",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-08T23:26:26.513",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18180",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"dialects",
"questions"
],
"title": "What does 「なにしてたん？」mean?",
"view_count": 3483
} | [
{
"body": "何してたん is the same as 何していたの (that is, 'What were you/have you been doing?').\nIn standard Japanese, の can be contracted to ん in 何してたんだ or 何してたんですか; non-\nstandard dialects use it more broadly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T20:29:46.797",
"id": "39810",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
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},
{
"body": "> **何をしていたのですか？** : Root\n>\n> **何をしていたの？** : Drop formal ending.\n>\n> **何していたの？** : Colloquial drop of particle.\n>\n> **何してたの？** : Colloquial drop of syllable.\n>\n> **何してたん？** : Lazy end turns の into ん.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T22:41:28.190",
"id": "39811",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "It's Kansai dialect. In Kansai, we often end sentences with ん as in:\n\n> [なにしてたん]{LLHHLH}？（なにしてたんだ？/なにしてたの？）What have you been doing?\n>\n> ～[しててん]{HHLL}。（～してたんだ。/～してたのよ。）I was doing ~~.\n>\n> ～[してんねん]{HHHLL}。（～してるんだ。/～してるのよ。）I'm doing ~~.\n>\n> [なにしたん]{LLHLH}？（なにしたんだ？/なにしたの？）What did you do?\n>\n> ～[してん]{HLL}。（～したんだ。/～したのよ。）I did ~~.\n>\n> ～[すんねん]{HHLL}。（～するんだよ。/するのよ。）I'll do~~.\n>\n> [知らんねん]{HHHLL}。（知らないんだ。）I don't know.\n>\n> [さむいん]{HLLH}？ （寒いの？）Are you cold?\n>\n> [さむいねん]{HLLLL}。（寒いんだよ。/寒いのよ。）I'm cold.\n>\n> [ちゃうやん]{HHHLL}。（違うじゃないか。）It's not so, is it?\n>\n> [ゆうたやん]{HLLLL}。（言ったじゃないか。）I said so, didn't I?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T02:06:46.377",
"id": "39816",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 39809 | null | 39811 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If your teacher or your leader orders you to do sth or tells you sth, I always\nhear people say 'はい、わかりました。' But I also once heard somebody say 'わかる' instead\nof 'わかりました' to reply. Can people do that? Can I use both of them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T01:31:06.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39814",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T03:29:39.913",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-09T02:23:50.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "15811",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Can you use わかる instead of わかりました?",
"view_count": 601
} | [
{
"body": "So broadly and almost overall saying, you can not or should I say, you'd\nbetter refrain from using.\n\n\"わかりました\" is, as you can see, is including 丁寧語｛ていねいご｝ ます、です、（ which is\nconjugated ) so that I think almost nobody would say \"わかる\", especially to your\n**leader**. If your teacher or leader is almost equal to your very close\nfriend, then \"わかる\" would be possible. I think somebody who is so intimate with\nthe teacher/leader would have said so.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T01:45:51.293",
"id": "39815",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "わかる (present form) is never used when you accept an order/request from anyone.\nIt's used when referring to something you already know. Its politer equivalent\nis わかります. They are often used to show your sympathy.\n\n> * わかる。: I know. I understand that. You can say that. Yeah it really is.\n> * わかります。: (polite version of わかる) Yes. I know. I understand that. I agree.\n>\n\nわかった is the phrase you have to use when you accept someone's request. Its\npoliter equivalent is わかりました.\n\n> * わかった。 Okay. Got it. I see. Understood.\n> * わかりました。: (polite version of わかった) Okay. I see. Understood. Yes sir.\n>\n\nSee: [What is different between 分かります and\n分かりました。](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21270/5010)\n\nYou should almost always use the politer versions to your boss. You may\noccasionally see someone excitedly say わかる! to their boss at an izakaya\nrestaurant, though.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T02:22:26.740",
"id": "39817",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39814 | null | 39817 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know several Chinese characters but am a relative beginner at Japanese.\n\nI am having trouble, in a dictionary, when I input a sequence of characters,\ndetermining where the letters for one set of syllables are absorbed by one\nkanji and which ones are absorbed by the others. For example, take the word\n\"ukemi\" (rear):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FV4IP.png)\n\n * うけみ\n * 受け身\n * 受身\n\nHow do I know which of the following hooks true:\n\n * 受 = う\n * 受 = うけ\n * 身 = け\n * 身 = けみ\n\nHow can I tell, from the dictionary, especially from this single dictionary\nentry, which one of these substitutions holds?\n\nAlso, how do I know whether these representations are ON'YOMI or KUN'YOMI? Do\nsome \"(kun/on)yomi\" have both long and abbreviated forms or something?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T03:24:31.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39821",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T13:03:10.073",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-10T13:03:10.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "18183",
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"dictionary",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Understanding kanji: kanji sound boundaries?",
"view_count": 206
} | [
{
"body": "Unless you're in a situation involving jukuji-kun readings (where the\ncharacters are wholly disconnected from their pronunciation), you can tell by\nknowing the readings of the individual characters:\n\n受: う・ける (among others), keeping in mind that it's an ichidan verb so the verb\nstem is うけ-, not う-\n\n身: み (among others)\n\nSo, if you know even that 身 is み, you then know that 受+身 can't be う+けみ. (Also,\nadding kana _in front of_ kanji is basically unheard of in Japanese outside of\nthe お- honorific, so if you see both 受け身 and 受身, you can be sure the け is part\nof the left side, not the right.)\n\nYou can't know from a single dictionary entry. But you can know from the entry\nfor the word and then the entries for its component kanji (again, excepting\njukuji-kun readings, where there's no connection between the two at all).\nYou'll be able to tell on'yomi versus kun'yomi in the individual kanji's\nentries.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T01:30:46.577",
"id": "39853",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T04:02:04.923",
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"owner_user_id": "3639",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 39821 | null | 39853 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39922",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> もし時間がないなら、明日 **でもいい** よ。\n\nWhy is the particle で used? With time expressions the で particle expresses\ntime limit. So it's weird to see the で with 明日. 明日もいいよ seems better(?). でも\nhere can be the \"even though/even/but\" meaning. But も sounds better(?).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T06:45:42.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39825",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-03T22:54:24.733",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-03T22:54:24.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "Why でも is used rather than も in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1502
} | [
{
"body": "I feel that, this use case of でも is an abbreviated form of であっても。 \n(Note, I recognize there exist those uses of でも which do not fall into this\ncategory.)\n\nSo in here, もし時間がないなら、明日でもいいよ。 is an abbreviated (or colloquial) form of\nもし時間がないなら、明日であってもいいよ。 which translates to:\n\n```\n\n If no time, it is OK to be tomorrow.\n \n```\n\nOr something like that.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease note that this is based on my recognition so when speaking in terms of\nJapanese strict grammar, it may not be precise.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T07:20:52.440",
"id": "39826",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T08:18:49.000",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-09T08:18:49.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10859",
"parent_id": "39825",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "One way to think of it, which I found in the Dictionary of Basic Japanese\nGrammar, is:\n\n## でも ＝ て-form of です/だ ＋ も\n\n＝ verb meaning “to be” ＋ particle meaning “even”*\n\n**〜でもいい is the です/だ version of the grammatical pattern 〜てもいい** , which we use\nwhen asking for permission to do things. By putting the verb です/だ in its\nて-form, we can then ask if the thing itself (a noun) is permissible.\n\n * お手洗い行っ **てもいい** ですか？/ May I go to the bathroom? [literally: Is even going to the bathroom OK?]\n * お手洗い **でもいい** ですか？/ Is the bathroom OK? [literally: Is even it being the bathroom OK?] You’d say this if you’re doing something and asking if it’s OK to do it in the bathroom.\n\nI recently wrote a blog post on this actually! [Rescheduling appointments\nwithout sounding like a jerk…\n〜でも…?](https://francesthinks.com/2016/09/16/slap-3-rescheduling-appointments-\nwithout-sounding-like-a-\njerk-%E3%80%9C%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E3%81%84%E3%81%84%EF%BC%9F/)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T11:12:06.247",
"id": "39922",
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"owner_user_id": "17866",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
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| 39825 | 39922 | 39826 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I am reading this article\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20161005/k10010718561000.html> and come\nacross this phrase:\n\n> 夜景を背景に歌舞伎の映像が流れます\n\nI can get the general meaning but I'm not clear on what is the role of を in\nthe sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T09:51:56.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39830",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-09T10:14:32.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "The role of を in this phrase 夜景を背景に歌舞伎の映像が流れます",
"view_count": 91
} | []
| 39830 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39836",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「ケガはないかい?」ハリーを引っ張り上げて **立たせ** ながらケンタウルスが声をかけた。\n\nPlease help me understand why they used imperative form (立たせ) in this\nsentence. I thought it is only used to give out order, request... and rarely\nused in writing language ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T14:24:42.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39835",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-09T14:35:40.363",
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"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"causation"
],
"title": "What is the role of imperative form in this sentence?",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "This 立たせ isn't imperative form but causative. 立たせろ is imperative form of\ncausative. 立たせる is causative and it means \"to make someone stand\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T14:40:08.490",
"id": "39836",
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| 39835 | 39836 | 39836 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39842",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference between パソコン vs コンピューター?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T14:43:01.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39837",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-09T14:51:05.220",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Words for computer: パソコン or コンピューター",
"view_count": 6464
} | [
{
"body": "Generally, what Faily Feely said [in\ncomment](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/39837/words-for-\ncomputer-%e3%83%91%e3%82%bd%e3%82%b3%e3%83%b3-or-%e3%82%b3%e3%83%b3%e3%83%94%e3%83%a5%e3%83%bc%e3%82%bf%e3%83%bc#comment75500_39837)\nis all:\n\n> パソコン is thought to be an abbreviation for パーソナルコンピューター (personal computer).\n\nWhen used as パソコン, I'd imagine a (home) desktop PC.\n\nWhen used as コンピューター, its meaning is generally the same as English _computer_\n, I suppose.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-09T15:22:37.673",
"id": "39842",
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{
"body": "パソコン or \"PC\" is Japanese abbreviation of personal computer. Your notebook and\ndesktop computer are パソコン.\n\nコンピュータ refers to electronic computor in general which ranges from desktop\nbusiness-use computors to super highspeed computors that perform quadrillion\ndigit culcuration in a second.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-14T00:42:33.737",
"id": "39976",
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| 39837 | 39842 | 39842 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39845",
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"body": "> 信じられないほど青い目、まるで淡いサファイアのようだ。その目がハリーを観察している。そして額の傷にじっと **注がれた** 。\n\nWhy did they use passive form in this sentence and what does it mean when\ncoming after noun + に ?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T15:05:33.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39839",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T06:56:01.643",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-10T06:56:01.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Please help me understand 注がれた in this sentence and its conjugation",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "注ぐ = pour \n額の傷 = the wound on the forehead\n\n額の傷に注がれた \nwas poured onto the wound on the forehead",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T15:16:18.033",
"id": "39840",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-09T15:16:18.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "> **その目が** ハリーを観察している。そして額の傷にじっと **注がれた** 。\n\nThe subject for the 注がれた is (その)目.\n\n「（～に）目/視線を注ぐ」 is a set phrase to mean \"to watch/look/stare (at~)\".\n\nHere it's used in the passive voice: 「目が額の傷にじっと注がれた」, literally \"The eyes were\nfocused intently on the scar on his forehead\", i.e. \"(The owner of the eyes)\nstared/gazed at the scar on his(=Harry's) forehead.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T16:22:35.843",
"id": "39845",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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}
]
| 39839 | 39845 | 39845 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39843",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「うるせえっ。わけのわからねぇ **ことする** 奴なんて、一発や二発ぶんなぐってやりゃいいんだっ」 \n> Shut up! It's alright to give one or two blows to the kind of idiots who\n> **decide** not to understand the reason.\n\nI'm unsure about the ことする part of this sentence. Is is just ことにする meaning\n\"decide to ...\" with the に dropped, or is there some other meaning?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T15:20:45.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39841",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of ことする in this sentence",
"view_count": 360
} | [
{
"body": "It is ことをする. を is omitted. And I think you left out a letter ら and\nわけのわからねぇことする奴 means \"A guy who do nonsense\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T15:30:31.997",
"id": "39843",
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| 39841 | 39843 | 39843 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39852",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say\n\n> He went to bed without taking a shower, brushing his teeth, removing his\n> contact lenses.\n\nDo I have to repeat the negation for every verb as follows?\n\n> 彼は、シャワーを浴びず、歯を磨かず、コンタクトレンズを外さず、寝てしまった。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T19:59:51.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39849",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-09T21:33:43.990",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"coordination"
],
"title": "How to say \"He went to bed without taking a shower, brushing his teeth, removing his contact lenses\"?",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "He went to sleep without showering or taking off his glasses. \nグーグル翻訳→ 彼はシャワーや彼の眼鏡を離陸せずに寝てしまいました。※ \nニンゲン添削→ 彼はシャワーも眼鏡を外す事もせずに寝てしまいました。\n\n△ 彼は、シャワーも、歯磨きも、コンタクトレンズを外す事もせずに寝てしまった。\n\n△ 彼は、シャワーも、歯磨きも、コンタクトレンズを外す事さえもせずに寝てしまった。\n\n○ 彼は、シャワーも歯磨きもせず、コンタクトレンズも外さずに寝てしまった。\n\n○ 彼は、シャワーも歯磨きもせず、コンタクトレンズも付けたまま寝てしまった。 \n○ 彼は、シャワーも歯磨きもせず、コンタクトレンズも付けたままで寝てしまった。\n\n※ プロ翻訳者からの「グーグル翻訳」の講評： 「離陸せずに」 を見て微笑んでしまうが、「寝てしまいました。」\nの正確さ、完璧さがどこから来るのが分からず（ブラックボックス、アルファ碁）、正直言って恐怖を感じる。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T22:22:33.357",
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| 39849 | 39852 | 39852 |
{
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"body": "What does 結構好き in\n\n> このシチュエイションが **結構好き** です。\n\nmean? Does it just mean \"great\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-09T20:02:27.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39850",
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"owner_user_id": "5096",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "What does 結構好きです mean?",
"view_count": 1166
} | [
{
"body": "結構 is an adverb whose meaning is (here) \"quite\". So 結構好き means \"quite like\".\n\nSo your sentence 「このシチュエイションが **結構** 好きです」 means \"I **quite** like this\nsituation\" / \"I am **quite** fond of this situation.\"",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-09T20:17:30.567",
"id": "39851",
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{
"body": "結構です means \"No, thank you\". 結構好きです means \"but, I like it\".\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13116051673>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T02:46:34.003",
"id": "39854",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T04:11:11.320",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-10T04:11:11.320",
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{
"body": "> <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/29019/16344> \n> Depending on the subject, 結構もつ can mean \"(for a battery/food) to have a\n> longer life than expected\", \"(for a person) to hang on for quite some time\n> before giving up\", and so on.\n\nLonger / better \"than expected\" -- Yes, that's it.\n\nOr, to make it more explicit (and spelling it out) :\n\n> <http://gogen-allguide.com/ke/kekkou.html> \n> 【意味】 結構とは、見事であること。満足できる状態であるさま。それ以上必要としないさま。\n>\n> 【結構の語源・由来】 漢語の「結構」は、建造物の構造や文章の構成など、組み立てや構成を意味する名詞である。\n> この「結構」が日本に入り、「計画」「もくろみ」「支度」「準備」といった意味の名詞として用いられるようになった。\n> さらに、その準備や計画を「立派だ」「よろしい」と評価する用法が生まれ、結構は「丁寧だ」「人柄が良い」といった意味でも使われるようになった。\n>\n> 断りの言葉として用いる「もう結構です」は、近代以降に見られる表現で、「十分満足しているから、これ以上必要ない」といったニュアンスから生まれたもの。\n>\n> 「結構おいしい」 「結構楽しい」 などの副詞は、「 _十分とは言えないが、思っていたよりも良い（満足できる）_ 」の意味からである。\n\nSo, the adverb 「結構」 means: かなり（良い）、わりと（良い）、比較的（良い）、 == It's pretty good, (not,\n\"It's very good.\")\n\n> このシチュエイションが結構好きです。\n\n * I like this situation (or story setting?) pretty good.\n\n * This situation is pretty good.\n\nBut perhaps (compared to 30 years ago), younger folks may be more often using\nit to mean \"very much\" -- because of [ understatement becomes superlative ]\nlogic\n\n----- So much so that many teenagers today may not even be aware of this traditional, older meaning: 十分とは言えないが、思っていたよりも良い（満足できる）\n\nI'm pretty certain that かなり好き、わりと好き (esp. the former, and esp. with special\nintonation) have undergone the [ understatement becomes superlative ]\ntransformation.",
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| 39850 | null | 39851 |
{
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"body": "I've noticed that, in instances such as 「天叢雲剣」{あめのむらくものつるぎ}, の is present in\nonly the pronounced version where it should also be included in the written\nversion. This is not the only instance I have seen of this situation, though I\ncannot remember the others off the top of my head.\n\nGrammatically, the pronounced version is correct. What exactly are the rules\nfor omitting the の、then?\n\nI assume this is related to the history of the Japanese language; my question\nis not about why this came to be - just the rules.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T04:17:18.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39857",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T12:24:51.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18196",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"readings"
],
"title": "What are the rules or instances in which a kana indication of の is dropped?",
"view_count": 119
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not sure if there is a strict rule about this, but AFAIK this happens in\nsome proper nouns of ancient Japanese myths. Probably the most famous example\nwould be [ヤマタ **ノ** オロチ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamata_no_Orochi)\n(八岐大蛇). You can find examples in 古事記 and 日本書紀.\n\nSince these proper nouns are really old, no one today know the etymology of\nthese words, and [the kanji assigned to these words are basically\nateji](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13788/5010).\n\nApparently some people in the past thought it was a good idea to indicate the\nword boundary by inserting の when reading. This is a convention only found in\nthis limited situation, and we are very unlikely to use this rule to coin a\nnew word.\n\nAnother similar usage of \"unwritten の\" is の found in historical person names.\nの was pronounced after a clan name (源頼朝 read as みなもと **の** よりとも). This is\ndiscussed in [this Wikipedia\narticle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_name#Historical_names). As you\ncan see in the link, the naming convention of historical person names was very\ncomplicated, and in general, Japanese students learn these names without\nwondering when の is required after a \"family name\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-10T12:24:51.250",
"id": "39864",
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| 39857 | null | 39864 |
{
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"body": "_It hasn't been answered. Please help._\n\n> なぜ殺されたのか君 **には** わからないのですか?\n\nPlease help me understand why they use [には] in this sentence. Compare with\n[は], what is the difference it makes in that context ?\n\nI have taken a look at [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/39304/rules-\nfor-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF-usage) that may be a duplicate, but however it does not\nhelp me resolve my question. That question seems to compare に with には while I\nam comparing は with には. I would like to find out the difference if は had been\nused in my example sentence instead.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T07:56:52.197",
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"id": "39861",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is には used in this sentence instead of は?",
"view_count": 377
} | [
{
"body": "は is just a normal topic marker. \nは just gives emphasis to 君に\n\nThe whole problem is the に\n\n君に分かる is slightly different to 君は分かる。\n\n君は分かる = you understand \n君に分かる = a person like you understands\n\nSo the sentence becomes: \n君にはわからないのですか? \nA person like you can't understand this?\n\nIt implies that everybody else understands, but you are the only person who\ndoesn't understand.\n\nSo the whole sentence becomes something like: \nなぜ殺されたのか君にはわからないのですか? \nHow come you don't know why this person was murdered? (when everybody else\ndoes).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T10:28:19.530",
"id": "39863",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 39861 | null | 39863 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that させてくれないか is _won't you let me?_ \nBut how do I say _allow_? させてあげる _I'll let You!_. \nI want it to be \"something + the auxiliary _ageru_ \".\n\nBtw. \nWhy is 借りしてもいい right but not 借りてもいい ?!?!?\n\nI want it like this:\n\n> (部下に) よし。そいつを殺させてあげる。はははは (悪声)\n\nI want to grant permission without a request having been made in the first\nplace, and I want to be firm when I grant the permission.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T09:09:04.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39862",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-11T13:40:21.137",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-11T03:42:36.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17948",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"causation",
"modality",
"permission"
],
"title": "How to grant permission for something in Japanese",
"view_count": 1156
} | [
{
"body": "～させてあげる is perfectly correct, but in your context (i.e., to sound firm,\nbossy...) I think you could use やる instead of あげる, as in:\n\n> よし。そいつを殺 **させてやる** 。はははは\n\n* * *\n\nAnd, as stated in the comment by @Yuuichi, 借り **し** てもいい is not correct. You'd\nsay 借りてもいい, or **お** 借り **し** てもいい in 謙譲語/humble language. （Examples of the\nhumble 「お + 連用形 (continuative form) + する」 form: 借りる ⇒ お借りする, 届ける ⇒ お届けする, うかがう\n⇒ おうかがいする）",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T03:50:50.353",
"id": "39879",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 39862 | null | 39879 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39866",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone give me some advice. In some text books I see N used and in some I\nsee M used for ん and in a dictionary I see them using n with a line above it.\n\nI assume this is because of the way the words appear in Romaji but would like\nsome advice as I am getting a bit confused and in particular the dictionary\nwhere an n appears with a line above.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T13:15:29.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39865",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-10T16:54:37.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "Jumbichū or Junbichū for じゅんびちゅう, Konban wa or Komban wa for こんばんは？",
"view_count": 637
} | [
{
"body": "There are multiple ways to romanize Japanese, and each one is based on\ndifferent principles. Some try to represent the phonemes of the language; some\ntry to represent the phonetics (actual pronunciation); others try to represent\nthe way a word is written in Japanese orthography, or the way a word is typed\ninto a Japanese computer.\n\nOne scheme, called Traditional Hepburn, changes the spelling of ん based on the\nfollowing consonant. Why? Because the pronunciation of ん depends on the\nphonetic context it appears in, and James Curtis Hepburn wanted to convey some\nof these phonetic details in his romanization scheme. Because ん is pronounced\n[m] before /b/, こんばんは is spelled _kombanwa_ in that scheme.\n\nOne problem that comes up in romanization is how to distinguish between んい and\nに. If you write ん as _n_ , they'll both end up looking like _ni_ , and you\nwon't be able to distinguish words like かんい and かに. Different romanization\nschemes solve this problem in different ways. The dictionary you're looking at\nuses the line over n to distinguish the two, so かんい and かに are _kan̄i_ and\n_kani_ respectively. Another dictionary might write _kan'i_ and _kani_ to\ndistinguish the two.\n\nIn any case, the word is the same and is pronounced the same way. These are\njust minor differences in how the word is romanized.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T13:52:36.913",
"id": "39866",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 39865 | 39866 | 39866 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39871",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The two characters I'm talking about here is the katakana \"ka\" (カ) and the\nkanji 力 as in [入力]{にゅうりょく}.\n\nJust by looking at the two characters in digital text form, they seem to be\nwritten in the same way, except that the katakana version seems smaller. Does\nthis mean that when I am writing Japanese I should also make it smaller? (Note\nthat by smaller I don't mean this small: ゅ)\n\nAlso, in some fonts, I have seen the first stroke of the katakana version\nwritten without the tick at the end. It just draws a horizontal line then a\nvertical line like this:\n\n```\n\n | \n ------\n | |\n / |\n / |\n \n```\n\ninstead of this:\n\n```\n\n | \n ------\n | |\n / |\n / \\|\n \n```\n\nCan I consider the first way shown above as a \"sans serif\" version? In\nhandwritten Japanese, can I write that as well?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T16:45:42.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39867",
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"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Is there any difference between writing the katakana カ and the kanji 力?",
"view_count": 12027
} | [
{
"body": "They look almost 100% identical, but they don't have the same meaning. There\nis no way that they could be used in the same context. For example, katakana\nis always used for transcription of words from foreign languages and the\nChinese character is always used with another Chinese character to form a word\nsuch as 入力.\n\nThey can only be differentiated based on context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T17:03:25.643",
"id": "39868",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T19:15:26.453",
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},
{
"body": "カ (katakana) and 力 (kanji) appear essentially identical. The existence of the\n\"hook\" at the bottom right of the character would not help you distinguish the\ntwo, no matter whether they are typewritten or handwritten.\n\nThen why katakana カ looks a bit smaller? That is because making\nhiragana/katakana _generally_ look a bit smaller than kanji is a common\npractice in Japanese handwriting, (artistic) typography, etc. For example, see\n[these posters](http://matome.naver.jp/odai/2146016101789398601) which make\nheavy use of typography, or [these beautifully handwritten\nletters](http://www.hj.sanno.ac.jp/ps/page/8419). Can you see how the\nbeautiful balance is like between kana and kanji?\n\nIn many computer fonts for day-to-day needs, this difference is not very\nprominent, and カ (katakana) and 力 (kanji) may look exactly the same. But in\nsome fonts, you may find that katakana/hiragana are _generally_ rendered\nsmaller than kanji. The same thing can be said for other similar kana/kanij\npairs, like ロ/口, エ/工.\n\nIn handwritten Japanese, not everyone is an excellent calligrapher, and it's\nnot really practical to care for the character size too much. Telling apart カ\n(kana) and 力 (kanji) is basically impossible. Until you become an expert, you\ncan write these characters exactly in the same way.",
"comment_count": 0,
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}
]
| 39867 | 39871 | 39871 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 私は仕事柄、米国系企業のプレスリリースやプレゼンテーション資料の翻訳をよくするのだが、 ひとつでもいいからだめな例が当てはまらないものさえほとんどない。\n\n 1. When you read this part (above) and nothing else, does it sound like he (the author 私) is saying that the American presentation slides (プレゼンテーション資料 in English) are good, or bad ?\n\n> ひとつでもいいからだめな例が当てはまらないものさえほとんどない。\n\n 2. I think such awkward sentences usually result from making longer versions of an earlier, simpler sentences. But I can't think of an earlier, shorter version. Can anyone?\n\n 3. Is this a triple-negative? Is it (awkward but) logically correct / precise ?\n\n『スティーブ・ジョブズ 驚異のプレゼン―人々を惹きつける18の法則』 出版社: 日経BP社 (2010/7/15)\n\n> ■訳者あとがき\n>\n> 本書の翻訳は物欲との戦いだった。欲しくなるのだ。ｉＰｈｏｎｅが、ｉＰｏｄが、そして、マックブックが。\n>\n> ジョブズのプレゼンテーションはすごい。 . . . . . . （略） . . . . . .\n>\n> 「誰も思いつかなかった世界一のアイデアを思いついても、周りを説得できなければ意味がない」 ―\n> 本書冒頭の言葉である。そういうもったいないことが起きる原因として、著者はわかったようなわからないようなバズワードの羅列などを挙げる。個条書きにいたっては諸悪の根源と手厳しい。私は仕事柄、米国系企業のプレスリリースやプレゼンテーション資料の翻訳をよくするのだが、ひとつでもいいからだめな例が当てはまらないものさえほとんどない。その米国人と比較してプレゼンテーションが下手だと言われるのが我々日本人だ。周りを説得できずにいいアイデアを殺すなどというもったいないことが、きっと、毎日、たくさん起きていることだろう。\n\n＞ 個条書きにいたっては諸悪の根源 ・・・ 個条書きが 「だめな例」 なんなら、プレゼン資料はほぼ全滅だわな。ｗ\n\n「もったいない」が二回も出てきて、両方とも気持ち悪い。 （１～２時間のうちに消えた回答が凄く参考になりました。 熟読しておいて良かった！）",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T21:05:38.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39870",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-14T22:49:46.540",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"negation",
"written-language"
],
"title": "ひとつでもいいからだめな例が当てはまらないものさえほとんどない。-- Deciphering -- triple-negative?",
"view_count": 209
} | [
{
"body": "It's awkward, ひとつもだめな例が当てはまらないものはほとんどない would be enough.\nひとつでもいいからだめな例が当てはまらないものさえほとんどない doesn't rhetorically make sense because it\nsays you can't get even a perfect one when you expect more.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T04:05:59.800",
"id": "39880",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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}
]
| 39870 | null | 39880 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39874",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I was talking to this girl and she typed a really weird sentence(at least\nit felt weird for me lol):\n\n[アニメみてたらねれなく]\n\nSo first what 見ていたら means? Something like \"if I was watching\" or \"when I was\nwatching\"?\n\nThen [ねれ］ is ［練れ] right? I looked it up for the なく suffix and it seem to be\nthe negative form, but used in honorific words only, is it right?\n\nNow the translation for that sentence would be \"I didn't sleep because I was\nwatching anime\"? Or what?\n\nOne last thing, is this a really badly casual sentence or what? It feels sooo\nweird.\n\nThank you!!!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T21:29:55.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39872",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T22:24:07.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "なく suffix and ていたら suffix",
"view_count": 247
} | [
{
"body": "たら is a \"past conditional\" marker, which can be used like this (from\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals)):\n\n> The past conditional is the only type of conditional where the result can be\n> in the past. It may seem strange to have an \"if\" when the result has already\n> taken place. Indeed, in this usage, there really is no \"if\", it's just a way\n> of expressing surprise at the result of the condition. This has little to do\n> with conditionals but it is explained here because the grammatical structure\n> is the same.\n>\n> * 家に帰ったら、誰もいなかった。 \n> When I went home, there was no one there. (unexpected result)\n> * アメリカに行ったら、たくさん太りました。 \n> As a result of going to America, I got really fat. (unexpected result)\n>\n\nHere ねれ is the\n[ら抜き](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2015/02/27/%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%B9%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-taberareru-\nvs-%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-tabereru%EF%BC%9F-the-phenomenon-\nof-%E3%82%89%E6%8A%9C%E3%81%8D-ra-nuki-in-japanese/) version of the potential\nform of 寝る.\n\n寝る (\"to sleep\") \n→ 寝られる (\"to be able to sleep\") \n→ 寝れる (nonstandard _ra_ -nuki) \n→ 寝れない (negation, \"can't sleep\") \n→ 寝れなく (continuative form)\n\nShe did not finish the sentence \"properly\". This is in the same vein as\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27651/5010).\n\nSo the sentence says \"I can't sleep because I was watching anime\".",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T22:24:07.567",
"id": "39874",
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}
]
| 39872 | 39874 | 39874 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to weblio, the main translations of 締結 are \"conclusion,\"\n\"fastening,\" and \"cerclage\". With Google translate, \"entered into,\"\n\"conclusion,\" and \"contract\" come up.\n\nI've run several different searches but have not been able to come up with\n\"engagement\" as a translation for 締結.\n\nHowever, when I run searches for \"クラッチの締結” I am finding this phrase translated\nas \"engagement of the clutch\" or \"clutch engagement.\"\n\nI am assuming that in the specific context of referring to a connection of a\nclutch, the word 締結 can be translated as \"engagement,\" but would appreciate\nconfirmation and/or suggestions for a better translation. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T22:42:06.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39875",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-11T04:54:36.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18203",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "締結 can this be translated as \"engagement\" in the context of mechanical clutch connection?",
"view_count": 169
} | [
{
"body": "In machine engineering, 締結 commonly translates to\n[_fastening_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastener), and 締結具 translates to\n_fastener_. (Note that ファスナー in Japanese usually refers to a zipper.)\n\n締結 is probably not the most common word for _engagement_ in the specific\ncontext of clutches. Japanese Wikipedia does not use 締結 at all on the article\nabout\n[クラッチ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%81) but\nthey basically use 接続, a much easier word meaning _connection_. [Japanese\nIndustrial Standards B0152 Clutches and\nbrakes－Vocabulary](http://kikakurui.com/b0/B0152-1997-01.html) does not use 締結\nat all, but defines 係合 as engagement (including slippery ones) and 連結 as\ninterlocking (i.e., non-slippery). [This\nglossary](http://www.oguraclutch.co.jp/product/helpful/term/sadou.html)\ntranslates 連結 as engaging but says nothing about 締結, either. On the other\nhand, some technical articles about clutches do use 締結 often, and they seem to\nmean engagement in general, including slippery ones.\n\nSo you can probably translate 締結 as _engagement_ , but please make sure how it\nis used in the article you are translating. If 締結 refers to only non-slippery\nengagement in your article, _interlocking_ may be the better translation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-11T04:54:36.487",
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| 39875 | null | 39881 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39877",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A friend has at home this banner from an old fish shop in Sapporo. I suppose\nit's a souvenir from Japan. It intrigues me a lot!\n\nWhat's this の with an upper stroke and the ten-ten? What's the name for the\nplace? Does the following make sense: ⻌の魚? On the bottom left there's a phone\nnumber written with kanji?\n\nMaybe this is the result of the (free)style of the calligrapher or the の with\nthe stroke and ten-ten is to resemble a fish?\n\n",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T22:57:30.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39876",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-11T13:18:33.457",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-11T03:32:37.650",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18206",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"calligraphy",
"writing-identification",
"hentaigana"
],
"title": "What does this fish market banner say?",
"view_count": 2006
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's read right-to-left as [魚{うお}がし 'fish\nmarket'](http://www.excite.co.jp/world/j_dictionary/ITEM-\nDJR_uogasi_-010/%E3%81%86%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%97%E9%AD%9A%E3%80%8A%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%B8%E3%80%8B/?itemid=DJR_uogasi_-010&title=%E3%81%86%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%97%E9%AD%9A%E3%80%8A%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%B8%E3%80%8B).\nThe kana が and し are written as\n[hentaigana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentaigana), variant forms of kana\nthat are usually no longer used.\n\nThis is が:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iWbhm.gif)\n\nThis is し:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bwsJR.gif)\n\n(Images taken from [benricho.org](http://www.benricho.org/kana/))",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T03:12:43.580",
"id": "39877",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-11T03:12:43.580",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 24
}
]
| 39876 | 39877 | 39877 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In numerous martial arts, the command mokuso(黙想) is used to get students to\nclear their minds before training. Many many people (often very high level\npeople) think that this literally means close your eyes.\n\nNevertheless, analysis of the two kanji involved will clearly show that the\ntranslation is more like \"silent contemplation\".\n\nI can understand the confusion about the moku part because 目(eye) has a go-on\nreading of moku, just like 黙(silent/still). However, I didn't know that \"so\"\ncould ever mean \"to close\". So, is it possible for mokuso to actually mean\n\"close your eyes\" in another context?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T15:03:52.813",
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "Can mokuso literally mean close your eyes?",
"view_count": 1654
} | [
{
"body": "I think 想 and そう don't have the meaning of \"to close\". And when we do 黙想, we\nactually close our eyes but 黙想 isn't to close one's eyes. So we don't use 黙想\nas the meaning of \"close your eyes\".\n\n黙想 means \"To look at inside yourself with your eyes closed\". And I think 黙想\nbefore and after the practice of martial arts is mainly done to get the mood\nready for the practice and calm the excited mood.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T16:21:15.240",
"id": "39890",
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}
]
| 39888 | null | 39890 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39998",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "It is my understanding (could be wrong of course) that the addition of ところ to\na verb draws the time aspect of the verb **nearer to the speaker/subject**. So\nthe following progression can be established.\n\n> **そこへ歩いた** \n> I walked there (Unclear about the time except that the action is over and\n> done with.)\n>\n> **そこへ歩いたところだ** \n> I just walked there (States that the action ended very recently from the\n> perspective of the speaker/subject.)\n>\n> **そこへ歩いている** \n> I am walking there (States that the action is currently occurring)\n>\n> **そこへ歩くところだ** \n> I am about to walk there (States that the action hasn't happened but will\n> in the near future.)\n>\n> **そこへ歩く** \n> I will walk there (States that the action hasn't happened and will in the\n> future.)\n\nI have read that 歩いているところだ can also be translated as \"I am walking\".\n\n**Could someone please explain how 歩いている (when it implies continuing action as\nopposed to habitual action) differs in meaning from 歩いているところだ and how it could\nbe placed in the above progression if possible?** In addition, I feel like it\nmay be a separate issue so please ignore if too complicated, when would\n歩いていたところだ be used?\n\nIf I had to guess, I'd say that 歩いているところだ falls between 歩き始める and 歩いている.\n\nAs a slight side note, for momentary verbs, does 帰っているところ mean \"I am just\nabout to enter the house\" or \"I am just about to leave where I am and start\ngoing home\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-11T15:43:12.707",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"て-form"
],
"title": "～ているところ used with continuing verbs",
"view_count": 699
} | [
{
"body": "That is a lot of questions and I might forget some but here goes. First, let\nme just warn you to be careful with ところ especially the the way it is used in\nyour examples. It also has the meaning of place. And in your examples it\nreally feels like you are talking about the place you were walking to.\n\n歩いているところだ basically mean \"Now is the time I am currently walking\". Which\nsounds silly and basically means \"I am walking\".\n\n歩いていたところだ means while I was walking. Which could be used as an answer to \"when\ndid it happen?\". Although 歩いていたところでした would sound better.\n\n帰っているところ means I am currently on my way back. 帰るところだ means It's time to go\nback now./I'm about to go back. 帰ったところだ means I just came back now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T05:46:20.933",
"id": "39914",
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{
"body": "The word ところ has several meanings: \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/54376/meaning/m1u/%E6%89%80/>\n\nところ is not just \"place\". It may also indicate the time or occasion or moment\nof the action.\n\nMost people will interpret like this: \n歩いているところだ。 \nWhen I was walking.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T05:46:44.300",
"id": "39915",
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{
"body": "歩いている can be taken as either \"I'm walking\" or \"I have walked\" and when you use\nit in the former meaning, it's the same as 歩いているところ（だ）.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T13:14:14.583",
"id": "39965",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T13:14:14.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "[Can ところで be ambiguous (time vs.\nlocation)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39699/16344) \nMy answer: <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39711/16344>\n\n> Could someone please explain how 歩いている (when it implies continuing action as\n> opposed to habitual action) differs in meaning from 歩いているところだ\n\nI think 歩いているところだ just contains emphasis of [This is what i'm doing NOW] (or\nThis was what i was doing THEN).\n\n * I'm walking, and i'm talking to someone on my cell phone. The person asks what i'm doing now, and I answer: \n \n駅に向かって歩いてる or 駅に向かって歩いてるところ ---- either sounds fine. ( The latter would sound\na bit theatrical with the DA at the end, as ...ところだ )",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-14T23:40:22.013",
"id": "39998",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 39889 | 39998 | 39914 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39921",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "On a CD that came with my text book I hear that desu is pronounced dess. Are\nthere many other words in Japanese, where done of the sound from the kana\nspelling actually falls off, like in this example, at the end our at any other\nplace?\n\nIf I pronounce desu instead of dess, will it sound wrong to native Japanese\nspeakers?\n\nIs there some rule to what vowels our other sounds (mora?) from the kanji to\nomit?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T16:36:26.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39891",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-20T15:46:36.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kana",
"phonology",
"phonetics",
"sound-symbolism",
"phonotactics"
],
"title": "Desu pronounced dess: what about other words?",
"view_count": 2415
} | [
{
"body": "In Japanese phonotactics, high vowels (for Japanese, these are i and u) have a\ncertain property: they become unvoiced when surrounded by unvoiced sounds.\nSince the \"u\" in desu is surrounded on the left by \"s\" (voiceless) and on the\nright by nothing (nothing is also voiceless), the u is now voiceless. However,\nthis rule is not universally followed; for example, it is common for women not\nto devoice vowels as much, as it is perceived as feminine. But in general,\nwhenever these conditions are met, it is common for the vowel to become\nunvoiced.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T16:49:40.710",
"id": "39892",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "This is not a direct answer to your question but let me explain about\ndifference between voicing/devoicing vowels and prolonging vowels.\n\nThere are several ways to pronounce です or the likes.\n\n 1. des (1 syllable ~~non-moraic~~ 3 morae, /de/ is longer than /s/, sounds ~~chopped~~ foreign)\n 2. des: (1 syllable 2 morae, /de/ and /s:/ are even, sounds eastern-dialect-ish)\n 3. desu (2 syllable **s** 2 morae, /de/ and /su/ are even, sounds western-dialect-ish)\n 4. desu: (2 syllable **s** 3 morae, /su:/ is longer than /de/, sounds feminine)\n\nJapanese ears perceive no.1 as でぇす, no.2 and 3 as the same thing and normal\npronunciation of です while no.4 as ですぅ, which is different from the rest and\nperhaps feminine.\n\nHowever, English speakers perceive no.1 and no.2 as the same word \"des\" while\nno.3 and 4 as another same word \"desu\". If they fail to differentiate no.3 and\n4, they may mix features unique to each of them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T10:53:15.807",
"id": "39921",
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 39891 | 39921 | 39892 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39918",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What's the most natural way of saying \"I can't look anywhere (without getting\nembarrassed)\" Both polite and casual?\n\n> * どこでも見ちゃだめだ (casual?)\n> * どこでも見ちゃだめです\n> * どこでも見てはだめ\n> * どこでも見てはいけない (polite?)\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T19:36:07.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39893",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-08T13:23:12.817",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-08T13:23:12.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "14627",
"owner_user_id": "13959",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "I can't look anywhere (どこでも見ちゃだめです）？",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "Some of them are not so bad, but if you don't explain the cause, they pretty\nmuch all feel like you have been forbidden to look anywhere.\n\nI would say どこ見ても照れちゃうんだ。（casual）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T01:19:33.707",
"id": "39901",
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I would use 目のやり場がない or 目のやり場に困る though I'm not sure whether the sentences are\nsomething one is allowed to say aloud",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T06:34:56.850",
"id": "39918",
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"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "6820",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39893 | 39918 | 39918 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39909",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm translating Haruki Murakami's essay「真っ白な嘘」and came across this sentence:\n\n> でも普通どおりにやっても面白くないから、架空の本をでっちあげて、それを詳しく評論することにした。\n\nWhich I've roughly translated as:\n\n> But it’s not fun if you do it in a normal way, so I decided to make up\n> imaginary books and write detailed reviews about them.\n\nMost of the sentence I have no problem understanding, It's just the use of 〜ても\nhere in やっても that doesn't seem to translate naturally. I know the construction\nmeans \"even if\" or \"even though\", but translating the phrase as \"But because\nit's not fun _even if_ you do it in a normal way...\" doesn't sound right in\nEnglish. If there some other use of 〜ても that I'm not aware of?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T19:47:45.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39894",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13790",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Usage of 〜ても in the phrase「でも普通どおりにやっても面白くないから…」",
"view_count": 160
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation seems about correct to me. And to me, it does sounds rather\nweird even in Japanese. The fact that it starts by \"でも\" let me believe the\nprevious sentences would help put it in context and make much more sense.\n\nI worked as a translator for a few years and if there is an advice I can give\nyou is to never translate literally. The 2 languages are far from compatibles\nand must usually be rephrased to make sense in the other language.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T04:50:41.980",
"id": "39909",
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]
| 39894 | 39909 | 39909 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can someone please give a simple example of a direct object acting as the\ntopic of a sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T20:38:42.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39895",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T15:45:59.967",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-12T15:45:59.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "13848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Direct Object as Topic",
"view_count": 250
} | [
{
"body": "本は持って来ました。 \nI brought the book.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T00:01:44.610",
"id": "39899",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T00:01:44.610",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "本 **をば** 買いました。 \nI bought the book.\n\n（＾＾）\n\n（東北で聞いた言い方ですけれども。）\n\n**Additional Detail**\n\nThere is an old combination of using は immediately after を, essentially\ntopicalizing the object phrase. This was more prominent in older times, and it\nhas largely disappeared from modern standard Japanese, persisting mostly in\ndialect. When I lived in the Tōhoku region (the northeast of Honshū), I would\nhear this very occasionally -- mostly used by older folk.\n\nThe combination of を{o} + は{wa} causes the は{wa} to change to ば{ba}. This is a\nphenomenon called [rendaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku), where\ncertain combinations cause voicing of the initial consonant of the second\npart.\n\nIn terms of meaning, をば is used to emphasize the object of the statement.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T01:04:04.247",
"id": "39900",
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"score": 2
}
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| 39895 | null | 39900 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39905",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know why the topic marker wa is spelled は instead of わ。\n\nAlso, is this the only misspelled particle in Japanese (or anything resembling\na particle or other figure of speech component), or are there also other\ninstances?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T22:09:57.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39896",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T04:35:50.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"spelling"
],
"title": "Why is the topic marker wa spelled ha?",
"view_count": 329
} | [
{
"body": "That is a long story but to keep it short I would say that the language\nchanged many times, and at some point the writing system for\n\"ha/は\",\"wo/を\",\"he/へ\" changed for \"wa/わ\", \"o/お\", \"e/え\", but just for the\nparticles they kept the original writing system while still changing the way\nit is pronounced.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T04:26:11.633",
"id": "39905",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 39896 | 39905 | 39905 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39898",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have a wallet that is made of a paper-like material, so I am unsure how long\nit will last. One other thing I am unsure about, is how to say that sentence\nin Japanese.\n\nMy first guess would be using 持つ.\n\n> このお財布{さいふ}はどれくらい持{も}ちますか分{わ}からないです。\n\nAnd if 持つ is the correct verb for the sentence, can it be used with other\nobjects, for example a poorly made hammer that might break or fall apart?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T22:34:52.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39897",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T16:32:26.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How to say how long an object will last?",
"view_count": 745
} | [
{
"body": "I'd use [持つ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/219381/meaning/m0u/) as well!\n\nI usually see it used with food (has obvious expiration date):\n\n> 牛乳って、美味しいけどあまり持たないよね。 \n> Milk is good, but it doesn't last long.\n\nBut can be used with other stuff:\n\n> あの服屋の服って、おしゃれだけどワンシーズンしか持たないよね。 \n> That clothing store is nice, but their stuff only lasts a season.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-11T23:38:53.273",
"id": "39898",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T02:13:32.643",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-12T02:13:32.643",
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"owner_user_id": "3916",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Yes, 持つ would be used for hammers, but I couldn't find a usage sample on the\nNet because (I think) even a poorly made hammer doesn't usually break so soon.\n\n... 格安自転車は2ヶ月持つかもしれませんが2年持たないかも知れません。 .... そういう事がなければ2ヶ月では壊れないですよ。\n\n> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14141041859>\n>\n> 「保つ」は、「その状態、レベルなどを、内部的に守っていく」意。望ましい状態にいうことが多い。\n>\n>\n> 「持つ」にも、「長くそのままの状態を保(たも)ち続ける」という意味がありますので、どちらでもいいのですが、漢字の持つニュアンスでは「保つ」が近いとは思います。\n>\n> ただし、「保つ」は、「常用漢字表」の音訓欄では「ホ、たもつ」しか掲げられていませんので、常用漢字表に従って忠実に表記すれば、「持つ」になります。\n> 「保つ」を「もつ」という読み方は、「表外音訓」と呼ばれます。(表外音訓：常用漢字表で認められていない音訓)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T05:53:13.480",
"id": "39916",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "If you happen to be talking about food/drink, you can use [賞味期限]{しょう・み・き・げん},\nmeaning \"expiration date\" or \"best before date\".\n\nFor certain other expirable things (reward points, coupons, frequent-flier\nmiles, etc.), you can say [有効期間]{ゆう・こう・き・かん} (or 期限) as \"valid through\" or\n\"period of validity\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T16:32:26.427",
"id": "39932",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "78",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39897 | 39898 | 39898 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39907",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have learned hiragana and katakana, but the book I have learned these from\nalas does not show their stroke order. I have the Takoboto dictionary fire\nAndroid smartphones installed, which displays kanji stroke order very clearly,\nbut not for kana.what is a good app or online resource that displays the\nstroke order for kana (preferably clearly, and allowing me to go through all\nkana quickly)?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T03:38:56.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39902",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-09T07:39:16.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"hiragana",
"kana",
"handwriting",
"stroke-order"
],
"title": "Stroke order of kana (not kanji)",
"view_count": 978
} | [
{
"body": "For the most part, the stroke order is quite natural and follows the same\nlogic as kanji(top-left toward bottom-right). Since most kana only have about\n1 or 2 strokes(although mostly written in 1 stoke by natives trying to write\nreally fast), it hardly gets confusing as long as you stick with that rule.\nFor more detailed info you should check the links some sent to you in the\ncomments.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T04:33:16.580",
"id": "39907",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T04:33:16.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "39902",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I have written a post about it: <http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2013/12/hiragana-\nkatakana.html>\n\nDownload the PDF files. They have the stroke orders for all kanas.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T05:26:57.837",
"id": "39912",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T05:26:57.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39902",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "It depends on how you intend to use Japanese. I learned Kana through memrise\nvery quickly (a couple of weeks). This was great to recognise and _to read_\nthe characters on a computer screen. This is handy to read printed text, food\npackets, train station signs, etc.\n\nHowever, I didn't take much care with the stroke order until I began learning\nKanji and some habits are tough to break. As with Kanji the handwritten forms\ncan be difficult to read if written incorrectly, particularly in cursive. It's\ngood to be familiar with cursive Kana as they are used in different fonts. The\n*Aedict and\n\nNotably the hiragana さ, き, and ふ are often stylised differently. Similarly,\nthe katakana ソ, ン, シ, and ツ are very difficult to distinguish without practice\nwriting them in the correct order.\n\nMany Japanese learning Apps or texts will guide you with the correct order\nwhile learning _to write_ Kana. The **Aedict** and **Kanji Study** Apps both\nsupport stroke order for Kana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-09T07:23:54.520",
"id": "42368",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-09T07:39:16.120",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-09T07:39:16.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "39902",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 39902 | 39907 | 39907 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39924",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there any difference between furigana and rubi. To my knowledge, both of\nthese are used to write the provocation of kanji in small print above the\nkanji, but is there a difference between these two terms?\n\nIn general, is there a resource that lists all such Japanede terms which might\nbe useful to language learners in a comprehensive list?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T03:49:08.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39903",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T12:41:40.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"terminology",
"furigana"
],
"title": "Difference between furigana and rubi",
"view_count": 956
} | [
{
"body": "In Japanese we use the term furigana. I have never heard Rubi even once after\nover 10 years of study. After a quick search, it seems to be a more general\nterm that is used for many language like Chinese and Korean etc. Japanese\ndon't use that word because they have their own word. But they are the same\nthing.\n\nThere are many tool lists you can find, and Google will be a much better help\nto you than me for that. But I would especially recommend you to install the\nbrowser plugin rikaikun(firefox)/rikaichan(chrome).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T04:11:13.293",
"id": "39904",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T04:11:13.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "39903",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "ルビ ( _rubi_ ) is jargon which mainly refers to the characters' appearance\n(small annotative characters placed on top of or to the right of main text),\nand is preferred in the publishing industry. Even Microsoft Word call those\ncharacters ルビ, and I believe the majority of native Japanese people understand\nthis term.\n\nWe sometimes encounter rubies which are not used to show readings of kanji,\nand in such cases I prefer not to use ふりがな ( _furigana_ ).\n\nSee:\n\n * [What does this use of kanji in ruby text mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11224/5010)\n * [Can \"furigana\" be used to refer to ruby that isn't kana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17757/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T12:41:40.590",
"id": "39924",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T12:41:40.590",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39903",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 39903 | 39924 | 39924 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Japanese, what is the difference between the two \"o\" kana (the お at the top\nof the list and the other \"o\" usually listed at the bottom rightmost entry of\nthe hiragana our katakana chart. I can't seem to find a way to enter this\n(using Android Swype Japanese keyboard). Is there a standard way to enter this\ncharacter at a keyboard?\n\nI tried entering the custom sentence:\n\n> Anata wa nani o kaimashita ka.\n\nusing romaji to see if the characters would come out. However, it seems I have\nto type ha instead of wa, if I type wa then the は character is not suggested,\nand I cannot seem to find a way to enter the latter \"o\" character which is the\nway I want, using the romaji keyboard.\n\nI general, how do Japanese romaji keyboards solve this issue, and how can I\nsolve it?\n\n> あなたは なにお 買いました か。\n\nAre these two \"o\" pronounced the same?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OPzsd.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T04:28:12.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39906",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-15T17:44:54.923",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-15T17:44:54.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles",
"pronunciation",
"particle-を",
"kana",
"input-method"
],
"title": "Difference between the two \"o\" kana, and how to input them from romaji keyboard?",
"view_count": 9147
} | [
{
"body": "を is actually inputted as \"wo\", and should technically be pronounced as such\nas well, but that kana is almost completely unused except for the particle for\nverbs. And for a complicated reason, the pronunciation for particles is\nslightly different that the way to write it and becomes \"o\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T04:40:48.170",
"id": "39908",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T04:40:48.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "39906",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 39906 | null | 39908 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39911",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "みなさんこんにちは!\n\nLet's say a 日本人 asked you 日本語ですか？ or whatever to ask yes/no if you can speak\n日本語 or not.\n\nIf you can KIND OF speak it... but not really(or at least not well...), and\nthus wanna answer with a 'A bit', or 'sort-a', or 'not well' instead of はい or\nそうだ, what might y'all suggest one use in such a scenario?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T05:09:12.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39910",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T05:20:22.657",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-12T05:14:49.880",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Saying 'A little bit' instead of 「はい」 when asked 「日本語ですか？」 or similar?",
"view_count": 853
} | [
{
"body": "One should mostly answer with \"すこしだけ\"(just a little) even once you become\nquite advanced. Japanese modesty in all it's splendor.\n\nIf you get bored of it, you can make up new fancy ways like \"ほとんど大丈夫です\"(I'm\nable for the most part) or \"なんとなくできる\"(I can somehow manage). But the last 2\nreally feels like modesty and therefor will be taken as you are quite good. If\nyou are at a really low level, it might be good to specify it as to make it\nobvious your are not being modest. Like \"まあ、まだちょっとたいへんですけど。\"(sort of, but it's\nstill kinda hard). But for the most part \"すこしだけ\" will be suit all cases.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T05:14:24.740",
"id": "39911",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T05:20:22.657",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-12T05:20:22.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "18142",
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "39910",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39910 | 39911 | 39911 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39935",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Using the [hiragana\npractice](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.he.LessonJapanese)\nand [katakana\nparactice](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ketaikakaku.katakana)\nGoogle Play apps as a reference,\n\nwhy is the stroke order of the cross in あ、お、か、き、け、さ、す、せ、た、な、は、ほ、ま、む、や、よ、ら、を is\nfirst horizontal, then vertical, (like in the Chinese 十 (shi2) (ten)), whereas\nin ね、も、れ、わ it is vertical and then horizontal?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T05:30:42.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39913",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T18:47:28.743",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-12T18:47:28.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kana",
"stroke-order"
],
"title": "Stroke order of cross in kana",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "Stroke orders of hiragana are ultimately based on the stroke orders of kanji\nfrom which they derived. Unfortunately, each kanji has its own history, and\nit's hard to generalize how the stroke order of each kanji was determined.\nSimilar-looking kanji can have different stroke orders (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/204/5010) for example), and these\nare basically something you have to memorize via practicing.\n\nWhat's worse, the stroke order of a single kanji may be different between\n[草書](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive_script_\\(East_Asia\\)) (cursive\nscript, which hiragana are based on) and\n[楷書](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script) (regular script), and\naverage native speakers of Japanese (including myself) do not know how to\nwrite with 草書 today. Only trained calligraphers and researchers understand the\nessence of 草書.\n\nSo it would take you years to truly understand \"why\". I would recommend you\nlearn hiragana without thinking about the origin too much, just as elementary\nschool kids do in Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T17:59:19.837",
"id": "39934",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T17:59:19.837",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39913",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Firstly, for ね、れ、わ, the second stroke isn't really just a horizontal stroke,\nso it's unfair to compare it to あ. The second stroke of ね、れ、わ goes on to\nchange direction and curl later on. Try doing the second stroke first then\naiming the vertical stroke. Your mileage may vary.\n\nThen for も, in its katakana form モ has the horizontal stroke first. I refer\nyou to this question: [Why is the stroke order of も\npeculiar?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4149/why-is-the-\nstroke-order-of-%E3%82%82-peculiar)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T18:33:55.550",
"id": "39935",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T18:42:04.053",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "542",
"parent_id": "39913",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39913 | 39935 | 39935 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39920",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "It seems they both mean busy. Can someone tell me what the difference is\nbetween them?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T09:44:20.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39919",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-14T07:53:44.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between Nigiyaka and Isogashii",
"view_count": 6531
} | [
{
"body": "They are slightly similar but Nigiyaka also has the meaning of lively or\n\"genki\". Isogashii feels a little more like a negative way to say busy, while\nnigiyaka might seem more positive.\n\nFor exemple, isogashii would be used for work(negative) while nigiyaka could\nbe used for a party or a parade as meaning crowded/busy(positive)\n\nAnother more practical difference would be that isogashii can be used for\npeople, and nigiyaka for events/places. I'm busy(isogashi) / the office is\nbusy(nigiyaka)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T09:47:54.897",
"id": "39920",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T09:53:19.310",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-12T09:53:19.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "18142",
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "39919",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "* 忙しい is busy.\n\n * 賑やか ejje.weblio.jp › 英和辞典・和英辞典 › 賑やかの意味・ \nそこはとても賑やかです。 It was very lively there. - Weblio Email例文集. \n( 実に賑やかな男だ He is a lively fellow―a merry fellow. - 斎藤和英大辞典. ) \n( 人の様子が賑やか of a person being cheerful ) - ...\n\nWe usually don't think of 賑やか as busy.\n\n----- 賑やか is busy in the sense of (a parade, shopping center, ... (rather than a person) ... being) lively, bustling, full of life and colors, cheers, activity, mirth, ... .\n\nA busy street (or a busy office) is not 賑やか if it's grey and depressing.\n\n * When a person is described as 賑やか -- it's a description of his/her personality.\n\n * When a person is described as 忙しい -- it's a description of how he/she is at the moment.\n\nA person who seems / appears busy all the time (like personality) \"a restless\n/ fidgety person\" is せわしない人 ( 忙しない人 ) or せわしい人【忙しい人】 -- (the former is perh.\nKansaiben).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T07:12:56.917",
"id": "39985",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-14T07:53:44.067",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-14T07:53:44.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39919",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39919 | 39920 | 39920 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Heya I came across the following and wasn't able to identify one character:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gmrIu.png)\n\nSo far I've got \"待てマントで自「？」ふくな\", where ? is the character I can't quite\nidentify.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T12:32:57.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39923",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T12:53:10.277",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-12T12:53:10.277",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "14659",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Is this a 略字 or 異体字 for 鼻?",
"view_count": 117
} | []
| 39923 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When using words like 速さ or 美味しさ to refer to the degree of some quality, can\nwe be more specific about the degree?\n\nFor example, can we say \"美味しさが高い\" or \"美味しさが低い\"? Maybe \"大きい・小さい\" (or some other\npair) is more appropriate than \"高い・低い\"?\n\nCan we directly compare the \"美味しさ\" of two different things, or should we just\nuse something like \"XのほうがYより美味しい\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T13:41:24.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39925",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T12:50:52.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Describing the degree/level/amount when using the -さ adjective ending",
"view_count": 216
} | [
{
"body": "* 親しさが高い異性の名前の呼び方の順位ってどんなかんじでしょうか？ \n\n * 宝石としての美しさが高いアイテムだと思います。\n\n * ........ というのは他アプリでもよく見られる怪しさが高い内容となっています。\n\n * そして、「社会的望ましさ」が高いアナウンサーは、ニュース報道番組のキャスターをしているようなアナウンサーでした。\n\nSo, i suppose it's more common than i thought.\n\nBut the following expressions are more traditional and common (I think).\n\n * 完成度が増した。 満足度が減った。 利用頻度が減った。 さらに注目度が増したモデル。 勘違い度が増した夫について弁護士に相談してみた ...\n\n * パロディー性が高まっている。 ... ユーモア性の豊かな表現でなくては、人の心を開かない。\n\n * 赤みが増している。 頬の赤みが増した。 うまみが増している。 「あまり うまみ のない商売」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T22:23:18.707",
"id": "39941",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T08:09:25.927",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-13T08:09:25.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39925",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "It's not absolutely impossible to combine 大きい or 高い with おいしさ or 速さ but you\nusually use ある / ない / 半端{はんぱ}ではない. You can use it for comparative degree too\nlike こっちのほうが美味しさがある. On the other hand, うまみ or 甘{あま}み get along with 強い / 弱い\nfor some reason.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T12:50:52.263",
"id": "39964",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T12:50:52.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "39925",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39925 | null | 39964 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know what the difference is between the two spellings of the\nlong o (ō), in hiragana, namely おう (ou) and おお (oo). Are these pronounced the\nsame?\n\nIf so, then why does Japanese have these two different spellings for the same\nlong o vowel?\n\nAlso, when transcribing from a textbook that uses romaji to teach Japanese,\nand entering the characters at the keyboard, is there a set criterion for\ncurbing which combination I should be using (and dots it matter)?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T14:04:04.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39927",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T14:52:07.760",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-12T14:52:07.760",
"last_editor_user_id": "18183",
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"kana"
],
"title": "Hiragana long ō: spelling: おう versus おお?",
"view_count": 1558
} | [
{
"body": "According to the wikipedia page, the difference is due to historical reasons.\n\nお段の仮名の長音の場合には、おのかわりにうを添える \n例：こうしん（コーシン／更新）\n\nお段の仮名でも、後続する音が歴史的仮名遣いで「ほ」または「を」であった場合には、「お」を添える \n例：おおきい（大きい） \n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%9F%B3>\n\nWords that were originally written with を or ほ are now written with お. \nExample: おおきい (大きい)\n\nAll other words are now written with う \nExample: こうしん (更新)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T14:50:03.963",
"id": "39931",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T14:50:03.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39927",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39927 | null | 39931 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have noticed that both the particlesで and に tend to mean the same thing (in\n/ on). What ous the exact difference between these two, how do I know when to\nusr I've or the other, and what are some differences between hire these\npropositions are used I English versus Japanese, and what are some of the most\ncommon gotchas/catches?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T14:35:23.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39928",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-20T05:53:03.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Difference between the particles で and に？",
"view_count": 243
} | [
{
"body": "The meaning is actually quite different but it can be confusing.\n\nI usually think of で as the particle ¨at¨ in English. Which means that you do\nan action at a place. For example, you will use it to say:\n\n> I eat sushi at a restaurant. \n> わたしは レストラン **で** すしを たべます。 \n> or Let's meet at the cinema. \n> 映画館 **で** 会いましょう。\n\nWhereas に is more like the particle ¨in¨ in English (it can also imply\ndirection). So you can say:\n\n> Don't park your car here. \n> ここ **に** くるまを 止めないでください。 \n> Or Insert your card there. \n> カードを あそこ **に** 入れてください。 \n> or Go to the coffee shop. \n> 喫茶店 **に** 行ってください\n\nSentences that might be tricky are:\n\n> わたしは 京都 **に** 住んでいます。 \n> I live in Kyoto.\n\nhence the ¨in¨ particle reference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T21:55:44.147",
"id": "39975",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-20T05:53:03.057",
"last_edit_date": "2022-10-20T05:53:03.057",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18135",
"parent_id": "39928",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "First I think it helps to start by thinking of the verb involved. It is\nimportant to know if the verb is capable of licensing a に argument.\n\nI like to think of **に as essential to understanding what happens with the\nverb**. Take away whatever that is marked with に and your understanding of the\nsituation changes dramatically. While whatever marked with で is additional to\nyour understanding; removing it changes your understanding, but it doesn't\naugment the situation.\n\nConsider:\n\n 1. 道に絵を描く, it means \"to draw on(to) the street\" where the drawing's surface is the street. \n\n 2. Then consider 道で絵を描く, it means \"to draw in(or on) the street\" where the artist is in the street drawing (on some unknown surface). \n\n 3. Then consider 道で紙に絵を描く, it means \"to draw on a piece of paper, in(or on) the street\". \n\nI specifically chose this example because in English you can be both _on the\nstreet_ and _in the street_ and I think it is relevant to your question since\nit asks about in/on.\n\nNotice that if you remove 紙に from example 3, the interpretation of _draw on_\nchanges drastically and reduces to the case of example 2 - \"to draw on the\nstreet\" (but **not** _on the street_ in the sense of example 1).\n\nKeep in mind that 描くis capable of licensing a に argument, if you try to select\na different verb that cannot take on a に, you will realise that this confusion\nceases to exist since if you include a で argument it becomes immediately clear\nthat the verb does not interact with it.\n\n* * *\n\nIt might look a little confusing, but here's how I try to clear up the\nconfusion - by intentionally creating a nonsense sentence.\n\nConsider:\n\n * 本を読む - \"to read a book\"\n * 図書館で本を読む - \"to read a book at(or in) a library\" \nhere the verb's situation has not changed compared to the previous case,\nyou've only gained information about where the reading happens.\n\n * 図書館に本を読む - \"to read a book to the library\" \nhere the verb's situation has changed, you're not just reading a book now,\nyou're standing outside reading the book to the building as though the\nbuilding was a intended recipient of storytelling.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T10:57:22.237",
"id": "39990",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-14T10:57:22.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "542",
"parent_id": "39928",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39928 | null | 39975 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the following phrase and have been struggling to find what part\nof it is meant to be in reference to:\n\n> エルアディーナーの壁画\n\n壁画 is obviously just for a fresco/painting but I've been unable to find what\nエルアディーナー is meant to be. For full context it's about a coat at a fashion show,\nand the full sentence reads:\n\n> エルアディーナーの壁画をヒントに従来のコートをマキシム調に。。。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T14:48:42.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39930",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T21:08:21.890",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-17T21:08:21.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "14659",
"owner_user_id": "14659",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"katakana"
],
"title": "Help With A Term In Katakana",
"view_count": 263
} | [
{
"body": "just doing a basic search: ディーナー means diner, taken from English. It's about a\nrestaurant called Elua (or whatever similar sounding word)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T18:45:44.580",
"id": "39936",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T18:45:44.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18238",
"parent_id": "39930",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Seems to have been a misspelling. ディーナー could be \"dinner\" but dinner is ディナー.\nThey may have meant to say ダイナー as there is a place called \"Elua Diner Kobe\"\nin Kobe, Japan, which would make the phrase \"A mural of Elua Diner\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T19:57:03.260",
"id": "39938",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T19:57:03.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12013",
"parent_id": "39930",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39930 | null | 39936 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39937",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to check my understanding about ことになる, so I came up with a\nsentence:\n\n> 日本語を勉強することが好きなことになった\n\nThe meaning I intended is \"I came to enjoy studying japanese\".\n\nDoes the sentence mean this ? And is it grammatically correct ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T17:16:36.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39933",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T19:40:46.580",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-12T17:52:35.083",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16203",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Does this sentence with ことになる make sense?",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "It is grammatically correct, but it means \"Studying Japanese became my\nfavourite thing (to do)\".\n\nIf you want to say \"I came to enjoy studying Japanese\", you can leave out the\n〜なこと and say\n\n> 日本語を勉強することが好きになってきた。",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T19:40:46.580",
"id": "39937",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-12T19:40:46.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "39933",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39933 | 39937 | 39937 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "※ This (titular) assertion is questionable, so I'm (1) putting it in quotes,\nand (2) placing an asterisk in front of it.\n\nThe following page starts with this assertion, which I had not heard before :\n\n> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_equivalents_of_adjectives>\n>\n> The Japanese language does not have words that function as adjectives in a\n> syntactic sense – that is to say that [tree\n> diagrams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parse_tree) of Japanese sentences\n> can be constructed without employing adjective phrases. _[citation needed]_\n>\n> Nevertheless, there are words that function as adjectives in a semantic\n> sense.\n\n_[citation needed]_ ! ! !\n\nIs this a commonly heard notion?\n\nFor example :\n\n * 立派で赤い花\n * 背が高く赤い花が立派なこの植物の名前を教えてください。\n\nIt's not obvious how Parse Trees of these strings (above) would be any\ndifferent from Parse Trees of English strings of similar meanings.\n\n–- that is to say, a tree diagram (or a parse tree) of the latter Japanese\nstring (the sentence) seems like it would be a great example to illustrate\n[adjective phrases] in Japanese.\n\nThis Jp wikipedia page doesn't have anything on it: [Wikipedia\n形容詞](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E)\n\nAny ideas?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-12T21:51:44.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39940",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T05:13:57.067",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"parsing",
"orientalism"
],
"title": "* \"The Japanese language does not have words that function as adjectives in a syntactic sense\"",
"view_count": 327
} | [
{
"body": "Essentially, this is saying that syntactically adjectives work the same as\nverbs. For example:\n\nJapanese:\n\n * 食べる犬\n * 犬が食べる\n * 赤い犬\n * 犬が赤い\n\nEnglish:\n\n * The dog that eats\n * The dog eats\n * The red dog\n * The dog is red\n\nNote that in English you can't say \"The that eats dog\", \"The dog red\", \"The\ndog that red\" etc. You have to construct the sentences differently depending\non whether you're describing the dog with a verb or adjective. This isn't the\ncase in Japanese. If the only thing you knew about a word was how it fit into\na sentence, you couldn't tell if it was a verb or an adjective -- but you\ncould in English, because of the extra \"that\"s and \"is\"es. That's the\nargument.\n\n(Note that adjectives do have different _morphology_ , i.e. inflection, than\nverbs. That isn't what Wikipedia is talking about.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T05:13:57.067",
"id": "39943",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T05:13:57.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "531",
"parent_id": "39940",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39940 | null | 39943 |
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