question
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list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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stringlengths 2
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⌀ | popular_answer_id
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't understand this どれ程{ほど}の人間{にんげん} part well:\n\n> その人{ひと}の中{なか}で、私{わたし}は **どれ程の人間** になっているというのか。\n\nIs it something like:\n\n> What kind of person do they think I am?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T04:27:51.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40287",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-11T04:47:18.180",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-11T04:47:18.180",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18351",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Translation of a sentence < 私はどれ程の人間...>",
"view_count": 266
} | [
{
"body": "どれ程の人間 in this sentence means どれ程重要な人間. The sentence means \"I wonder how\nimportant I am to the person.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T05:38:44.343",
"id": "40290",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T05:38:44.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "40287",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 40287 | null | 40290 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I see two meanings for Yoku. Is the only way to decide which meaning to use by\nlooking at the context they are used in or am I missing something? I also see\nYokunai. Is this a 3rd word or just the negative of the Yoku meaning \"well\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T08:49:09.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40291",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T09:35:18.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Is there any difference in Yoku (well) and Yoku (often)?",
"view_count": 2895
} | [
{
"body": "The base is the \"i\" adjective 良い（よい/yoi）which means good. There are many ways\nto use it but basically the meaning will always be well or sometimes\noften(when in the yoku form). よくない(yokunai) is the negative and means not\ngood.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T09:09:24.710",
"id": "40292",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T09:09:24.710",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40291",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "よくない、negative of よい よく、meaning both well and often. To do something often,\nisn't that synonymous to doing it well?;)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T09:35:18.083",
"id": "40293",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T09:35:18.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18402",
"parent_id": "40291",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
]
| 40291 | null | 40292 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40295",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It is a dialogue said by a boy who watched and criticized a theater play. I\nalso translated it myself for checking if I correctly understand the context.\n\nわるいけどお先にしっけいするぜ。 --> It is not good but I have to say goodbye.\n\nこんな茶番劇見てるなら --> If I have to watch this foolish play...\n\n反省房へとじこもって **へそのごみ** でもとってたほうがよっぽどましだよ --> I think secluding myself in\nrepentance room and doing/taking..... would be much better.\n\nI'm not sure if it means doing/taking unimportant thing.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T10:03:19.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40294",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T13:04:30.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「へそのごみ」mean?",
"view_count": 149
} | [
{
"body": "Put it simply, he is saying that spending his time cleaning up his bellybutton\nwould be a much more productive use of his time than watching that lame show.\n\n * へそのごみ = bellybutton trash \n * とってた = to pick \n * ほうがよっぽどましだよ = is the much better thing to do. \n\nHe doesn't mean that he really wants to clean his bellybutton, it's just his\nway to insult the show.\n\nわるいけどお先にしっけいするぜ。\n\n> Sorry but I'm getting out of here.\n\nLiterally: sorry but I'm gonna be rude first. It is a very casual way to say\n「先に失礼します」and basically just mean that you are leaving first(which I suppose is\nseen as rude by Japanese standards.) \nわるい can be used to say sorry.(and not \"this is bad\".)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T10:11:27.490",
"id": "40295",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T13:04:30.143",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-25T13:04:30.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "14627",
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40294",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40294 | 40295 | 40295 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been casually studying Itak on and off in between my usual schoolwork and\nobvious Japanese studies. However, I've been more and more bothered by a\nparticular issue as I've gone on: how does one go about romanizing Itak from\nstandard katakana?\n\nI'm aware that [this\nsite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainu_language#Special_katakana_for_the_Ainu_language)\nboasts a small guide, but that doesn't really work too well when the\n[dictionary](http://www.h3.dion.ne.jp/~oyama/boukenn-folder/bouken-ainugo-\nziten.htm) you're using doesn't follow those rules. I'm not sure if a standard\nguide even exists, but less how to go about transliterating this language to\nEnglish characters. I've seen odd ones where people will write a name like\n\"cup=kamuy\", when I'll see others write as \"Chupkamui\". There are probably a\nton of variations like with Japanese as well, but I lack the understanding of\nwhich ones are standard, which are more widely understood, and which are\nbetter to use overall.\n\nAny and all advice one has on this will be taken into account and greatly\nappreciated. If further clarification is needed, feel free to ask. Thank you\nfor reading this.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T12:22:56.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40298",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T06:17:55.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12154",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"rōmaji",
"ainu"
],
"title": "How would one go about romanizing Aynu Itak?",
"view_count": 224
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not sure that there is a good standard, but it may or may not matter,\ngiven the relatively tiny audience there is for any such transliterated\nmaterial. Anna Bugaeva is one person who's written a good deal of scientific\npapers in English about Aynu, and you might use her transliteration as a\nstarting point.\n\nPersonally, I just transcribe it however seems best to me, which generally\ninvolves making it look as much like a language people actually use as I can -\nI throw out the equals sign entirely (since anywhere else that's just a\ntechnical notation for clitic attachment), and I tend to use ch and y for\nothers' c and i. I'd love to see a kanji/hiragana orthography for Aynu, since\nthe katakana one looks so much more like a scientific transcription than a\nlanguage someone actually speaks, but that's not an easy thing to do.\n\nIn short, figure out how it actually sounds and romanise it however you like,\nbut feel free to use the existing scientific literature as a guide if you\nwant.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T17:43:43.563",
"id": "40305",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T17:43:43.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "40298",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The _de facto_ standard method for transcribing Ainu (both in Latin alphabet\nand in _katakana_ ) being used today is the one proposed in _Akor Itak_ , a\ntextbook published by the Hokkaido Utari Association (now Hokkaido Ainu\nAssociation) in 1994. It is often referred to as “(nearly) phonemic\ntranscription” ((簡易)音素表記 in Japanese). What makes it different from some of\nthe older romanization methods (e.g. the one devised by Batchelor in his\n_Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary_ ) is the usage of ⟨c⟩, ⟨s⟩, ⟨y⟩, ⟨w⟩, where\nothers would use ⟨ch⟩, ⟨sh⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨u⟩ respectively (the last two rules only\napply in syllable-final position, after a vowel). For example, the words\ntranscribed as “ikkeu” and “kamui-chep” by Batchelor are written as “ikkew”\nand “kamuycep” in modern dictionaries. Apart from that, the equal sign “=” is\nused to indicate personal affixes (e.g. “ci=nukar”, rather than “chinukar”).\nFor more examples, you may refer to the following resources (all of them apply\nthe romanization standard described above):\n\n * [Topical Dictionary of Conversational Ainu](https://db4.ninjal.ac.jp/ainutopic/dictionary/en/);\n * [Ainu Language Archive](http://ainugo.ainu-museum.or.jp/) – the website is in Japanese, but one of the dictionaries they have (by Suzuko Tamura) includes English translations;\n * [Glossed Audio Corpus of Ainu Folklore](http://ainucorpus.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus/en/).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-04T06:17:55.380",
"id": "61327",
"last_activity_date": "2018-09-04T06:17:55.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "31162",
"parent_id": "40298",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40298 | null | 40305 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40306",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "According to jisho.org, both\n[行き先](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8D%E5%85%88) and\n[旅行先](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E5%85%88) both have the meaning\n\"destination\". My intuitive guess is that 旅行先 is the destination of a trip,\nlike \"this cruise's destination is Bali\" and 行き先 would be a more generic\nendpoint, like the destination of a train or a taxi ride. Can people clarify\nthe difference in usage between these two words?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T14:36:40.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40301",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T17:52:02.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12091",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 行き先 and 旅行先?",
"view_count": 286
} | [
{
"body": "You are right. 行き先 is generally a destination, and 旅行先 is a destination of a\ntrip. That's all.\n\nBut if you want to say \"the destination of the trip\", 旅行の行き先 is far better\nthan 旅行の旅行先, as you should avoid repeating the same word.\n\nTherefore the word 旅行先 is not so common. One of the good places to use this\nword is (which I found by googling it), where you want to bring both 旅行 and\nits 行き先 to the context at the same time, as in `人気の海外旅行先ランキング` that is a title\nof a webpage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T15:28:58.457",
"id": "40302",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T15:28:58.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "40301",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "A 行き先 is the place your transportation takes you. When you get off, your\njourney is done, and that's the end of it.\n\nA 旅行先 is the place you go on a trip away from home - you get there, and then\nyou stay there for a while, and then you come back. This is typically for\nvacations, and a good translation might be 'vacation destination'. The core\nidea is that you're not 'done' with your trip once you get there - the point\nis _being_ there once you arrive, not _going_ in the first place.\n\nA short example might clear it up. If you're going on vacation to the\nPhilippines, you have a 旅行先 (the Philippines), but the plane you take has a\n行き先 (probably Manila, though you might also say 'the Philippines').",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T17:52:02.550",
"id": "40306",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T17:52:02.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3639",
"parent_id": "40301",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40301 | 40306 | 40302 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40304",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know これは誰の本ですか。/この本は誰のですか means \"whose book is that\". I also know that if\nyou want to say \"this is my book\" you can just say 私の本です。or even 私のです。However,\ndoes skipping これ/この apply to the question as well? Can I just ask 誰の本ですか or is\nit incorrect grammar?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T17:16:20.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40303",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T17:19:50.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can I skip これは and この in questions?",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "When the book you are referring to is obvious, yes 誰の本ですか is quite acceptable.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T17:19:50.057",
"id": "40304",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T17:19:50.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40303",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40303 | 40304 | 40304 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40308",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my Japanese text book it says the following:\n\n```\n\n Rondon kara jyuuichi jikan no hikouki de no idou desu /\n it's 11 hours flight from London\n \n hikouki de no idou = flight\n \n```\n\nI understand `hikouki` means `flight` and `idou` means `change`. But I don't\nfollow what `hikouki de no idou` means. Could someone explain? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T18:10:57.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40307",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T18:27:09.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does \"de no idou\" mean (in relation to flights)?",
"view_count": 293
} | [
{
"body": "I believe you're thinking of the wrong `idou`. This 異動 means \"change(s)\". This\n移動 means \"movement/transfer\", or can be used for \"travel\". Also, `hikouki`\nmeans \"airplane\". I've never heard it used to mean \"a flight\"; that is usually\n[便]{びん}.\n\nSo it means `An 11-hour airplane travel/trip from London`.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T18:27:09.040",
"id": "40308",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T18:27:09.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "40307",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 40307 | 40308 | 40308 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40312",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to the dictionary, it's supposed to be a na-adjective, but it seems\nto be used somewhat commonly without the な particle, e.g.\n\n * 遥か彼方\n * 遥か氷原の彼方\n * 遥か群衆を離れて\n\nI think I've seen a few more variations but can't recall them at the moment.\nWhat's going on here? Is it an exception or there is some rule I'm not aware\nof?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T19:05:45.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40309",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-26T01:00:24.473",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-26T00:44:42.137",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives",
"adverbs",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Is 遥か a special kind of adjective?",
"view_count": 337
} | [
{
"body": "Two monolingual dictionaries available online say 遥か can be used adverbially\nas well as adjectivally.\n\n * [デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/180287/meaning/m0u/%E9%81%A5%E3%81%8B/)\n * [大辞林](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%81%A5%E3%81%8B)\n\nSimilar words include 結構, 色々, 十分, 大変, かなり, 相当, and 特別. As you can see, most of\nthese are intensifiers.\n\n> * 大変な事件。 (na-adj.) ／ 大変おいしい。 (adv.)\n> * 特別なプレゼント。 (na-adj.) ／ 今日は特別寒い。 (adv.)\n>\n\nI think similar things happen commonly also in English (\"fast\", \"long\",\n\"enough\", etc. can work adverbially without \"-ly\").\n\n**EDIT** : 彼方 itself works both as a na-adjective and a noun, so it can be\nmodified both by an adverb and a normal adjecitive. 遥か彼方, 遙かな彼方, 遠い彼方, 遠く彼方,\nとても彼方 are all valid. The same thing can be said for 昔, which can be modified\nboth by an adverb and an adjective (遥か昔, 遙かな昔, かなり昔, かなりな昔, 遠い昔, とても昔, ...)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T00:22:14.933",
"id": "40312",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-26T01:00:24.473",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-26T01:00:24.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40309",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40309 | 40312 | 40312 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40314",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My Japanese book refers to it when talking about airplane seat. But I cannot\nfind any references to the word. Is it the correct spelling?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T02:50:08.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40313",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-26T02:52:52.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Zaseki - Is that a Japanese word for \"seat\"",
"view_count": 967
} | [
{
"body": "The spelling is correct. \n座席(zaseki): seat \n<http://jisho.org/search/zaseki>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T02:52:52.420",
"id": "40314",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-26T02:52:52.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "40313",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40313 | 40314 | 40314 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40317",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am not familiar with じゅう and I wasn't able to find references to how it is\nused. Can someone explain to me what it means.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T04:21:14.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40316",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-26T04:32:34.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does じゅう mean In the word string :いちにちじゅう",
"view_count": 71
} | [
{
"body": "You can search it just as is in the dictionary and you will get this. \n一日中 : all day long; all the day; throughout the day.\n\nI am leaving up to you the pleasure of discovering the countless ways of using\nthe kanji 中, but let's just say for now that when it is read as じゅう it usually\nmeans \"through; throughout; in the course of\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T04:32:34.537",
"id": "40317",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-26T04:32:34.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40316",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40316 | 40317 | 40317 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It is a situation that 2 boys were going to fight.\n\nA: いくぜ やろう！\n\nB: こいっ ぶっころ **したるっ**\n\nI know that て- form verb followed by したる or してある indicating a completed action\nin preparation of something. In this case, they were going to fight so there\nwas no one killed. I would like to know why this form was used instead of\nしておく. Probably, I misunderstood the concept.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T04:34:30.377",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Question about て- form verb ended with したる",
"view_count": 204
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, したる is an abbreviated, and of course informal, form of **してやる**.\nFor the meaning of て-form + やる, see No. 17 of [this dictionary\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/223431/meaning/m0u/).\n\nHere, 17-イ is applied, so the concept of ぶっころしたる is like \"I'm going to kill\nyou\" / \"I'm killing you\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-26T04:46:15.270",
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| 40318 | null | 40319 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40324",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Vary quick question. But i have vary little in the way of available Japanese\nreading material in the form of stories, but i thought it might be fun to try\ntranslating one of my short-stories into Japanese.\n\nTo that end, i must ask, while i know the characters dialog needs to be\nappropriately polite, does the describing text of the story itself need to be\nso?\n\nI mean, the story itself isn't a person, it's just text, description, etc. So\nis it expected to be written without use of things like 「です」or must it?\n\nps. How much does poetry effect this? If at all?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-26T05:34:23.890",
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Do story/literature need to be written politely?",
"view_count": 358
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think so. \nIf you look at news in Japanese, most articles don't use polite speech. You\ncan search for です and ます, and the results will be almost always minimum. \nExample: \n<http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASJBS72GZJBSUNHB018.html>\n\nBut fictional stories may be different. \nFor example, the text below is written in polite speech. \n<http://hukumusume.com/douwa/pc/jap/07/01.htm>\n\nI think it is a question of style. If you want to sound more objective and\njournalistic you should use plain speech. \nIf you want to sound more subjective and intimate, you should use polite\nspeech.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-26T09:13:41.353",
"id": "40322",
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{
"body": "Children's books and fairy tales are usually written in polite language (～です,\n～ます, ～ました), whereas descriptive texts in novels targeted at teenagers or older\nare almost always written non-politely (～だ, ～である). So it depends on what kind\nof story you are writing.\n\nThe same is generally true for poems and lyrics. They are usually in plain\nlanguage, but \"Mother Goose\" or \"Alice in Wonderland\"-type poems may be\nwritten using polite language.",
"comment_count": 0,
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]
| 40320 | 40324 | 40324 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Should it not be い かい as I thought the counter for floors was -kai ?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-26T12:15:07.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40325",
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"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"counters",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Why is 1st floor written as ikkai いっかい?",
"view_count": 300
} | [
{
"body": "Because of\n[促音便](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF#.E4.BF.83.E9.9F.B3.E4.BE.BF),\nthe pronunciations of いち, ろく, はち, じゅう, ひゃく change to いっ, ろっ, はっ, じゅっ/じっ, ひゃっ\nwhen followed by some counters, like this:\n\n> いち + かい → い **っ** かい (1回/1階) \n> ろく + かい → ろ **っ** かい \n> はち + かい → は **っ** かい \n> じゅう + かい → じゅ **っ** かい \n> ひゃく + かい → ひゃ **っ** かい\n>\n> いち + こ → い **っ** こ (1個) \n> ろく + ひき → ろ **っ** ぴき (6匹) \n> はち + ほん → は **っ** ぽん (8本） \n> じゅう + ふん → じゅ **っ** ぷん/じ **っ** ぷん (10分) \n> いち + てん → い **っ** てん (1点) -- but 6点, 100点 are ろくてん, ひゃくてん \n> はち + さい → は **っ** さい (8歳) -- but 6歳, 100歳 are ろくさい, ひゃくさい\n\netc...",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-26T12:54:50.503",
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{
"body": "It is a phonetic transformation similar in English to \"aren't\". \nInstead of saying \"are not\", you can say \"aren't\". \nInstead of saying \"いちかい\", you say \"いっかい\". \n\nThe difference is that in Japanese the pronunciation is not optional. You have\nto say いっかい. It is wrong to say いちかい. \nMost of these words are listed in dictionaries and in good grammar books.",
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| 40325 | null | 40327 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40344",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Google translate tells me one thing and another dictionary the other.\n\nIs the casual way \"Cheku o negaishimasu\"\n\nHow about the other two words for bill. Are either of those used when asking\nfor a bill?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T12:34:44.007",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "When asking for the bill - かんじょう or かいけい",
"view_count": 2083
} | [
{
"body": "If i made mistakes, Please teaching me. \n**Difference between [勘定]{かんじょう} and [会計]{かいけい}** \nIf you are a customer, Use 勘定. If you are a clerk. Use 会計.\n\n* * *\n\nSo you should use 勘定 in that case. but if you use 会計 in that case. We don't\nmind. Japanese usually uses 会計.\n\nSee also:[Reddit - Learn\nJapanese](https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/2d5c3w/difference_between_%E4%BC%9A%E8%A8%88_and_%E5%8B%98%E5%AE%9A/)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-26T13:59:59.090",
"id": "40329",
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{
"body": "At a restaurant, 勘定【かんじょう】 and 会計【かいけい】 are almost the same, and you can use\nwhichever you like. Both are often preceded by the \"beautifier\" prefix お. You\ncan safely say both お勘定【かんじょう】（を）お願【ねが】いします or お会計【かいけい】（を）お願【ねが】いします. Some\npeople on the net seem to say that 勘定 should be used by a customer and 会計 by a\nclerk, but personally I don't make such a distinction.\n\nチェック (chekku, \"check\") is not commonly used at a restaurant in Japanese,\nalthough you are likely to be understood by those who are used to foreign\ncustomers.\n\n勘定 originally means \"counting\" or \"calculation\" in general, and it's still\nsometimes used in this sense when payments are not involved. 会計 is originally\na rather technical term for (financial) \"accounting\". ～を勘定にいれる is a common\nidiomatic phrase that means \"take ～ into account\", while we never say\n～を会計にいれる.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T01:31:54.960",
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]
| 40326 | 40344 | 40344 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40333",
"answer_count": 6,
"body": "I would like to ask, **\"How many kanji are you supposed to know?\"** My best\nguess was\n\n> （漢字を）何字知っているはずですか。 I omitted 漢字 since it was in context\n\nThis was reviewed by a native Japanese speaker and I had it corrected to\n何字知っていますか with the explanation that the previous \"is over complicated\".\nHowever, I see no reason why the corrected sentence conveys the sense of\n\"supposed\" that I intended.\n\nCould someone please verify that the previous question does indeed sound over\ncomplicated and perhaps provide a better way to ask that question (that\nconveys expectation rather than fact)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T15:11:12.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40331",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-27T02:37:40.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "3296",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "知っているはずです is over complicated?",
"view_count": 2737
} | [
{
"body": "The correction does not have the same meaning as the question in English, so I\nthink your friend misunderstood what you wanted to ask (which is another\nreason to avoid `はず` here).\n\nEven though `はず` can be translated as \"supposed\", it does not work well in\nthis case. It is used when you have [a reasonable expectation of\nsomething](http://www.jekai.org/entries/aa/00/nn/aa00nn81.htm). E.g.:\n\n```\n\n 日本人は約2000字の漢字を知っているはずです。\n A Japanese is supposed to know around 2000 kanji.\n \n```\n\nI think something with -べき would work better here. Also, a more specific\nsubject would make the question's purpose clearer, e.g.:\n\n```\n\n 新聞を読めるには、何字を知っておくべきですか。\n How many kanji one should learn to read newspapers?\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-26T16:31:15.307",
"id": "40332",
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},
{
"body": "I feel 何字知っているはずですか? is unnatural. I feel a question form of はずだ like はずですか?\nis unnatural, and the native Japanese speaker also would feel so. The reason\nwhy I feel it is unnatural is because はずだ indicates speaker's guess with\nconviction, so it would be unnatural to ask someone for it.\n\nI think 何字知っているべきですか? and 何字知っていて当然ですか? are more natural.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T16:56:21.230",
"id": "40333",
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"score": 10
},
{
"body": "何字知っているはずですか？ is good enough to make sense, but 何字知っているものですか？ might work\nbetter.\n\nもの often refers to what is generally expected or practiced.\n\n```\n\n - 多くの日本人は漢字を2000字くらい知っているものです。\n - この時間帯はいつもこんなに混むものですか？\n - 東京での宿泊はいくらぐらいかかるものですか？\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T02:51:28.800",
"id": "40346",
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{
"body": "I think there is no exact equivalent in Japanese for the expression \"to be\nsupposed to\". \nYou can rephrase your sentence to \"How many kanjis are necessary to know?\"\n\nどれぐらいの漢字を知る必要はありますか？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T08:07:27.490",
"id": "40356",
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},
{
"body": "\"はず\" and \"べき\" are difficult to translate into English, and especially tricky,\nbecause they carry definitions that essentially mean the same thing. You can\neven see that the definitions use the other word!1 2\n\n> **べし**\n>\n> １ 当然の意を表す。…して当然だ。…の **はず** だ。[...]\n\n* * *\n\n> **はず** 【×筈／×弭／×彇】\n>\n> ㋐当然そうなる **べき** 道理であることを示す。[...]\n\n(Emphasis mine)\n\nOne reason why \"べき\" sounds better, is because it also has the meaning of\n\"obligation\" or \"ought to\",\n\n> ５ 義務の意を表す。…しなければならない。[...]\n\nas opposed to \"はず\" which more translates to an expectation of something being\ntrue or coming true.\n\n* * *\n\nAnother way of phrasing what you want to say is to use \"～なければいけない\" or any\nequivalent, literally meaning \"must\". E.g.\n\n> 覚えてなければいけない\n\n* * *\n\n1 - [goo辞書 - べし](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/198918/meaning/m0u/)\n\n2 - [goo辞書 - はず【×筈／×弭／×彇】](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/176247/meaning/m0u/)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"id": "40362",
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},
{
"body": "The construct「知っているはず」is somehow an expectation of the person speaking; i.e.\nit somehow conveys the feelings of the speaker (compare to 〜たい vs. 〜たがる for\n\"want to\". In Japanese, the point of view makes a big difference).\n\nWhen you **ask** \"How many Kanji is one supposed to know?\", it is obviously\nnot your expectation, but rather an expectation placed on you or someone you\nidentify with. You are not the one supposing, but the one \"supposed on\"\n\nThat is why the \"How many kanji _would be good enough_ \" approach works （e.g.,\n何字を知っていればいい？）",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T11:41:50.263",
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}
]
| 40331 | 40333 | 40332 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40340",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I use Siri to practice my Japanese. I basically say random things to him and\nsee how he responds. (I know this is not even close to effective, don't judge\nme...)\n\nToday I said to Siri that he is an interesting person:\n\n> Siriさんは面白い人ですね\n\nAnd he responds with this really weird sentence:\n\n> [座布団]{ざぶとん}１枚お願いします\n\nI guessed that 座布団 refers those cushions that people sit on (and Google\nTranslate proved me right). So the sentence would mean something like:\n\n> a cushion, please!\n\nIt makes no sense! What is Siri saying? Is this like a meme or something?\n\nI searched the phrase on the web but all the results are all in Japanese which\nI can't fully understand...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T20:16:49.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40339",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Why does Siri say 座布団１枚お願いします when I told him he is an interesting person?",
"view_count": 398
} | [
{
"body": "It comes from a show called 笑点｛しょうてん｝where whenever someone says something\ninteresting, they're given a 座布団｛ざぶとん｝ or mat to sit on.\n\n[Reference](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1020703490)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T20:42:59.760",
"id": "40340",
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"score": 8
}
]
| 40339 | 40340 | 40340 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40342",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Potential spoilers for readers of Jojo, but in the top-left-hand corner of\n[this\npicture](http://i168.photobucket.com/albums/u168/Jesusfreekao/66_02-03.jpg)\nthere are dots above the word こいつ.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cIjs4.png)\n\nWhy do some manga have dots above some of the words? I've only noticed this in\nJojo so far but perhaps it's in other manga too.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T20:45:21.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40341",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-27T22:50:35.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "16252",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"manga",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Why does some manga have dots above some of the words?",
"view_count": 5142
} | [
{
"body": "This is the Japanese version of [underlining]{LLLLLLLLLLL}. It's a way of\nmarking a word for emphasis.\n\n**Update**\n\nThe Japanese name for this is variously 圏点{けんてん} (literally \"enclosing mark\"),\n傍点{ぼうてん} (\"off-to-the-side mark\"), or 脇点{わきてん} (\"on-the-side mark\"). The JA\nwikipedia [has a good article about\nthis](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8F%E7%82%B9).\n\nVeteran user\n[snailplane](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/1478/snailplane)\ncommented with this\n[meta](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/806/how-should-i-\nformat-my-questions-on-japanese-language-se/1294#1294) link, which shows how\nto use Japanese emphasis, like this: [強調]{﹅﹅}.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T21:36:35.760",
"id": "40342",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-27T01:01:13.753",
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},
{
"body": "I can't seem to load the picture myself, but it is probably used for emphasis.\nSimilar to ALL CAPS or periods after single words like \"OH. MY. GOSH.\" in\nEnglish.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-26T21:44:42.603",
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| 40341 | 40342 | 40342 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40391",
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"body": "In one of 宮沢賢治's stories, the following sentence appears:\n\n```\n\n そのとき風がどうと吹いて来て教室のガラス戸はみんながたがた鳴り、\n 学校のうしろの山の萱や栗の木はみんな変に青じろくなってゆれ、\n 教室のなかのこどもはなんだかにやっとわらってすこしうごいたようでした\n \n```\n\nMy question is as to what the meaning of 青じろく (青白く) is here.\n\nThe technical definition of this word seems to be \"bluish white\" or \"pale\",\nhowever in context I don't understand why the trees \"paled strangely\".\n\nAre the trees \"paling\" because their leaves are turning over due to the wind?\nOr for some other reason?\n\nOr would \"darken\" be a closer English word to express this usage?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T01:40:58.157",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"definitions"
],
"title": "Meaning of 青じろい in 風の又三郎",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": "It seems to me like a rhetorical figure more than anything. I can't say\nanything for a certainty, but 「青白い」 calls to my mind such ideas as \"ghastly\",\n\"spooky\", \"eerie\", so it could be alluding to the (suspected) true identity of\n高田三郎 the new transfer kid, which is, as Wikipedia puts it,\n「地元で伝説となっている風の神様の子。神というよりも悪霊に近い存在。」\n\n(I haven't read the novel, by the way. So the entirety of my knowledge of the\nstory consists almost wholly of the quote and what's written on the Wikipedia\narticle. Yay!)",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T17:43:44.600",
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"body": "Miyazawa is not above strange descriptions. But here, it sounds like he's\ndescribing the apparent change in the color of leaves caused by the wind\nblowing and seeing the underside of the leaves. And, while the dictionary\ntranslates 青じろく as \"bluish white\", keep in mind that あお has a wide range of\nmeaning covering \"pale\", \"green\", and \"blue\". I might translate it as\n\"strangely turning a pale green as they rustled\"",
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| 40345 | 40391 | 40391 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40348",
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"body": "Context: some students have been ordered by the student council to go to a\nmeeting to talk about a competition with another school, but one of them\nrefuses to go. Then the teacher replies.\n\n> Student: なぜ我々が奴らに従わねばならんのだ。話があるのなら向こうが出向けば良いだろう。\n>\n> Teacher: まぁそう言うなって。今年の勝敗はお前達にかかってると **睨んでの指示** だろうからな。\n\nMy attempt: \"Come on, don't say that. This year's victory depends on you, so I\nthink they ordered you to go just to keep an eye on you\".\n\nI think that the sense is that the student council doesnt'have bad intentions,\nthey just want to be sure they will win the competition. Is this the correct\nmeaning? Thanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T03:22:55.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40347",
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does 睨んでの指示 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "The [睨]{にら}む means:\n\n> にらむ【睨む】 \n> ❸ 見当をつける。めぼしをつける。「犯人はあいつに違いないとにらむ」「にらんだ通りの結末になる」 \n> (明鏡国語辞典)\n\nI think it means \"to guess\", \"to foresee\", \"to estimate\", \"to judge\", or \"to\nsuspect\" depending on context.\n\n> 「今年の勝敗はお前達にかかってる」と睨んでの指示だろう\n\n\"I think they ordered you to go, foreseeing/judging that this year's victory\ndepends on you.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T03:35:15.600",
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| 40347 | 40348 | 40348 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40352",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "**(Question A) \"Once upon a time\" is to \"The End\" as \"昔々\" is to \"______\" ?**\n\nHere are my thoughts and problems with some possible answers:\n\n * ザーエンド\n\n * using ザー as \"the\". But this seems problematic since I don't hear \"the\" having this pronunciation for this use. Usually it sounds more like the \"the\" in \" **the** se\" such that it should sound like ディー or ズィー\n * it is problematic by virtue of being incompatible with 昔々 since using an English loanword is not compatible with the time/ambience that 昔々 creates\n * 終わりです\n\n * Is this too literal? Or sounds too much like a complete sentence or a direct description to be an idiomatic ending.\n * おしまい\n\n * Null (∅)\n\n * The story ends without any idiomatic closing phrase\n\n**(Question B) In reverse, _suppose_ we constrain the situation and\nuse(enforce) a Loanword equivalent for example \"ディーエンド\" as an ending, what\nwould be the corresponding appropriate way to start the story.**\n\n * Can 昔々 still be used and sound natural?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T05:34:59.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40349",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-27T05:58:30.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"idioms",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "\"Once upon a time\" is to \"The End\" as \"昔々\" is to \"______\"?",
"view_count": 463
} | [
{
"body": "(Question A) \"Once upon a time\" is to \"The End\" as \"昔々\" is to \"______\" ?\n\n> * Once upon a time... ...The End.\n>\n> * 昔々... ... **めでたしめでたし** 。\n>\n>",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T05:51:05.863",
"id": "40350",
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"body": "@sazarando gave a good answer.\n\nめでたしめでたし basically mean they lived happily ever after.\n\n\"The end\" at the end of a movie or book is sometimes just written as \n\"終\" \nor even the French word \n\"fin\" \nor simply the English \n\"the end\"",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T05:54:59.403",
"id": "40351",
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{
"body": "# Japanese\n\n \n\n> ザーエンド\n\n\"The End\"は、普通は「ザ・エンド」ではなく「ジ・エンド」と言うことが多いと思います。でも、昔話の最後に「ジ・エンド」を使うことはないと思います。\n\n> おしまい\n\n紙芝居、絵本、口頭で話される昔話などは、「むかしむかし（あるところに～～が住んでいました）」から始まって「（～～とさ、）おしまい。」で終わることが多いと思います。「めでたしめでたし。」で終わることもあると思います。「おしまい」のかわりに「終わり」「おわり」と書いてある絵本もあります。\n\n昔話の最後につける「おしまい」には、方言がたくさんあります。山形のある地域では「～だと。とんびすかんこねえけど。」「～～だと。とんびからりんこねえけど。」などがあります。この二つしか覚えていませんが、もっといろいろありました。京都や他の地域にもそれぞれあるのでしょうけど、私はこれしか知りません。\n\n* * *\n\nQuestion B に関しては・・・\n「ジ・エンド」は、ほとんどの人が理解できると思いますが（小さい子供はムリかもしれませんが）、「ワンスアポンナタイム」とか書いたら（または言ったら）わからない人がいそうですし、かなり変わってる感じがします。ですので、やっぱり「むかしむかし・・・」と、普通に始めて、「―\nジ・エンド ―」とか「-- THE END --」などで終わるしかないかな・・という気がします。\n\n# English\n\n \n\n> ザーエンド\n\nI think \"The End\" is usually 「ジ・エンド」 instead of 「ザ・エンド」. Even so, I think\n「ジ・エンド」 is not used for 昔話 stories.\n\n> おしまい\n\nFor stories told in puppet theatre, picture storybooks, or verbal\nstorytelling, after opening with「 むかしむかし（あるところに～～が住んでいました）」there are many\ntimes the storyteller ends with 「（～～とさ、）おしまい。」.「めでたしめでたし。」 may also be used to\nend the story. There are also storybooks where 「終わり」,「おわり」is written at the\nend in place of 「おしまい」.\n\nThere are also dialectal variations of ending a story. A region in Yamagata\nhas story endings like 「～だと。とんびすかんこねえけど。」,「～～だと。とんびからりんこねえけど。」. I cannot\nrecall other variations but there are more variations than these two. Kyoto\nand other regions probably also each have their own variations but I only know\nof the two above.\n\n* * *\n\nFor the second question. If 「ジ・エンド」 is used, I think most people (maybe with\nthe exception of young children) will understand. However if 「ワンスアポンナタイム」is\nwritten (or said), it seems there will be many people that will find it\nstrange. So, I think it is best to stick to the usual「むかしむかし・・・」to begin the\nstory and end with「― ジ・エンド ―」or「-- THE END --」since I feel that there is no\nchoice under this constraint.",
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| 40349 | 40352 | 40352 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40360",
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"body": "I have found several topics on the usage of 「全然」 following a positive term\n（like this one [全然 {ぜんぜん} with positive adjective / na-\nadjective](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/794/%E5%85%A8%E7%84%B6-%E3%81%9C%E3%82%93%E3%81%9C%E3%82%93-with-\npositive-adjective-na-adjective))\n\nBut I am still confused about the phrase 「全然わかる」\n\nWhen someone tells me that they think I can understand Japanese:\n\n「日本語全然わかる。」\n\nWhat do they want to imply about my Japanese level when they say this? They\nthink I can understand mostly (like ほとんど), or just roughly (like だいたい??), or\njust a little bit?\n\nThanks!",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T07:11:40.790",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of 「全然わかる」",
"view_count": 710
} | [
{
"body": "They mean that you can \"totally\" understand Japanese. \nNot in a literal way but... For example, if they ask you if you can understand\nJapanese, then you say something like \"not well\" or \"just a little\", they\nmight reply with something like \"全然分かるじゃん！\" Which sort of mean \"don't be\nmodest! You are totally(very) good!\"\n\nProblem is, Japanese people usually get impressed too easily/are too kind and\nare probably gonna praise you as such for just being able to answer that\nsimple question.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T07:18:10.490",
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"body": "I think [Boaz Yaniv's answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/806/5010)\nin the question you lined explains the meaning of 全然わかる very well.\n\n> The situations I've seen the positive 全然 are all situations where there's an\n> expectation of something \"not being X\" but it actually \"is X\". For instance,\n> you'd usually say 全然OKです when someone asks you if something is okay with you\n> and you see that he's not sure whether it is - so you assure him that his\n> negative expectations are completely unfounded and it's completely okay.\n\n全然わかる can be used, for example, after you said you are worried about your\nJapanese skill:\n\n> You: (I think my Japanese is not good...) \n> Someone: そんなことないよ、（あなたの）日本語全然わかるよ。\n\n... or after someone said you appear not to understand Japanese:\n\n> A: あの人は日本語ができないでしょう？ \n> B: いや、日本語全然わかるよ。\n\nIn such a situation, 全然 in 全然わかる implies \"quite contrary to someone's current\n(negative) expectation / observation / worry\".\n\nNote that 全然 does not imply your current level of Japanese, at least directly.\n全然わかる does not necessarily mean your Japanese is perfect. Basically it sounds\nlike \"Your/Her Japanese is not bad at all.\" or \"She _does_ understand\nJapanese.\"\n\nThis type of 全然 is still slangy, so please don't use it in formal settings.",
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| 40353 | 40360 | 40354 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40357",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm an iOS app developer who's learning Japanese. I want to localize my app to\nJapanese (make a Japanese version of it, basically). For context, my app falls\ninto the \"Utilities\" category on the app store.\n\nIn the user interface of my app, suppose there is a button that says \"Save\". I\nwant to replace the \"Save\" text with a Japanese translation. I thought of\nthree ways to do this:\n\n 1. 保存\n 2. 保存する\n 3. 保存します\n\nI'm wondering which one of those I should use. The first one is not a verb\nsince it doesn't have the する at the end. So I guess it doesn't really imply\nthat the button does a \"save\" action? Does this sound like, in English, when\nthere is a button that applies some settings, instead of \"Apply\", it says\n\"Application\"? I think this is not appropriate, is it?\n\nThe second one sounds fine, but is it ok to use the plain form here? Is it too\ninformal to be in a Utility app? Should I use the third instead?\n\nI have seen other apps use the first and second form, like 完了 (the \"Done\"\nbutton) and 投稿する (I saw this in the Facebook app's \"post\" button). But since\nFacebook is a Social app, I guess it is ok to use the plain form because it\nsounds like Facebook is treating you like a close friend.\n\nWhich one should I use and why?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T08:00:53.890",
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"id": "40355",
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"score": 19,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs",
"formality"
],
"title": "Should I use the formal form (~ます) on the buttons of an app?",
"view_count": 3075
} | [
{
"body": "I'm actually a developer working for a Japanese programming company. \nIt might depend on some people, but as far as buttons go.\n\n> 「保存」、「登録」、「完了」、「キャンセル」\n\netc. seems like the way to go. Of course your will probably need a\nconfirmation box in which you will usually write in the ます form.\n\n> 「削除します。よろしいですか？」\n\nIt might be more common to write a verb on the button for less obvious/common\nactions like 「投稿する」\n\nAlso, I would probably not use the ます form on a button. If you feel like you\nhave to, する probably seems more natural. It doesn't feel like you have to be\npolite with a button, it feels like the text on a button is what the client\nsay to you, and not what you say to the client, if that makes any sense.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T08:12:19.800",
"id": "40357",
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"body": "(I have Programming experience) You should _**not**_ use 保存します.\n\n* * *\n\n## Because\n\nIn general, Using 保存 or 保存する in Japan. For example, Look at the picture. This\nis a Twitter(Android)'s window.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9Mwwm.jpg)\n\nIt is written 保存. ...and Look at next Picture.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/F0gLb.jpg)\n\nThis is a Chrome(This is also android version)'s window. It is written\n(something)を保存.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T08:58:25.603",
"id": "40358",
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"body": "Please check Microsoft's [Japanese Style\nGuide](http://download.microsoft.com/download/b/3/4/b34f7185-afca-4846-8fbf-672a1b9afce2/jpn-\njpn-StyleGuide.pdf) (for UI), in particular the Style section on Page 46.\n\n> **Style**\n>\n> Use Desu-masu (ですます調, polite style), Dearu (である調, plain style) and noun\n> phrase (体言止め) appropriately.\n>\n> When to use Desu-masu: In general, sentences should be translated in Desu-\n> masu unless otherwise instructed. When the sentence prompts users to take an\n> action, use “...してください。”. Example: Explanatory texts in windows, dialog\n> boxes, message boxes and status bar (in software); Explanatory text except\n> for headings (in document)\n>\n> When to use Dearu: When sentences should be briefly and simply translated,\n> use Dearu. Noun phrase can be used depending on the situation (lack of\n> space, etc.). Make sure to keep consistency on levels. Example: Check box,\n> Option button (in software); Explanatory texts used as headings (in\n> document)\n>\n> When to use noun phrase: When sentences should be briefly and simply\n> translated, use noun phrase. Dearu and appropriate postpositional particles\n> can be used depending on the situation. Make sure to keep consistency on\n> levels. Example: Titles of menus and boxes, menu commands, labels in dialog\n> boxes, command buttons, tabs, list items in list boxes or combo boxes (in\n> software); Titles of web pages, headings, call-outs, captions (in documents)\n> When using noun phrase, make sure to keep the expression simple and clear.\n>\n> Example:\n>\n> Show changes \n> (+) 変更箇所の表示 \n> (-) 変更箇所を表示\n>\n> Open an item \n> (+) アイテムを開く \n> (-) アイテムの開き Note: Use Dearu instead for clarity\n\nSomewhat related: [Why do road signs have 止まれ, not 止まる, 止める or\n止めて?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13019/3295)\n\n**Edit** : you can also look up translations of various terms in different\ncontexts on the [Microsoft's Language\nPortal](https://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Search.aspx), e.g:\n\n[https://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-us/Search.aspx?sString=save&langID=ja-\njp](https://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-\nus/Search.aspx?sString=save&langID=ja-jp)",
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}
]
| 40355 | 40357 | 40357 |
{
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"body": "I would like to know what the subtle differences are between the interrogative\npronouns だれ and どなた. Is the latter more subtle or something? What is the exact\ndifference?\n\nAlso, how compatible are these pronouns with the pronouns どれ and どちら and どっち,\nand should the romaji for どっち be \"docchi\" or \"dotchi\" (are these the same)?\n\nThanks.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WesBZ.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T09:54:36.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40361",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"word-usage",
"pronouns",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "Subtle differences between だれ and どなた?",
"view_count": 2920
} | [
{
"body": "どなた is much more polite and should mostly be used to ask a person directly who\nthey are.\n\nだれ can be used when asking someone about someone else indirectly, but would be\nvery rude to ask someone directly(to the point of being insulting or starting\na fight).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T10:05:18.893",
"id": "40363",
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{
"body": "どなた is very polite. 尊敬語. You should say どなたでしょうか？ when talking to a person of\nhigher status.\n\n誰 is not polite. It can be used when talking to people of the same or lower\nstatus (friends, family etc. ). If someone uses 誰 when talking to someone with\nhigher status, it is very impolite.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-20T14:16:35.753",
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| 40361 | null | 40363 |
{
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"body": "When looking up the kanji occurring as the first character in the word すき\n(好き), I can see the following:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GatxG.jpg)\n\nI know quite a bit of Chinese, and am trying to make the best out of this\nkanji section of my dictionary.\n\nCan someone please explain the difference between the kana line above (first\nline) and the kana line below (second line) in this entry, as well as what all\nthose commas and dots mean, and whether the order of characters between those\ndots and commas bears any significance or is random?\n\nThank you for helping me read kana entries from my kanji dictionary.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T11:47:04.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40365",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "How to read kanji entry from Takoboto dictionary",
"view_count": 655
} | [
{
"body": "I think the first line is the basic reading of the kanji by itself.\n\n> コウ(kou)\n\nThe next line offer you the most common usages of the kanji. \nThe kana before the dot is the reading of the kanji and the kana after the dot\nis the kana that must go with the kanji to fit that reading. The comma simply\nseparate the different examples.\n\n> 好む -> この ．む -> kono . mu",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T11:55:38.197",
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"body": "The first thing you need to be able to do is distinguish between katakana and\nhiragana.\n\nIn most dictionaries, it is rather standard to use katakana to show the\n_on'yomi_ (or, Chinese derived pronunciation) of the character. Hiragana is\nused to show the _kun'yomi_ (native Japanese pronunciation). Characters can\nhave multiple _on'yomi_ and multiple _kun'yomi_ ; it all depends on the\nhistory of the character and its usage. While one can formulate some general\nrules of usage, it's mostly through context and familiarity that you'll\nunderstand which pronunciation is used or expected---and, then there are odd-\nball cases where all rules fly out the window.\n\nThe コウ that you see there is the _on'yomi_ for 好, which is the pronunciation\nused in many, but not all, compounds (it depends on the character). So, in 好機,\nyou'll use the _on'yomi_ to get こうき. Or in 好奇心 to read this as こうきしん. Not all\ncharacters have an _on'yomi_ , but most do.\n\nIn the hiragana reading, the period marks where the _okurigana_ should begin\n(I say _should_ because it can depend on who and when something was published\ndifferent rules may apply). _Okurigana_ are ideally aide the reader in\ndetermining not only the inflection (such as for verbs) but distinguishing\nwhen which _kun'yomi_ is intended. For example:\n\n> この.む --> 好む\n\nOr, if you see,\n\n> お好みやき\n\nThe み is the inflected _okurigana_ and tells you that this is read\n\n> おこのみやき\n\nThere are some words where you have to guess completely by context, e.g. 行く\nhas amongs other readings the _kun'yomi_ い.く and おこな.う which would be ok but\nthe past tenses are いった and おこなった respectively, both written usually as 行った.\n\nSo while 大阪で行{おこな}った大会 obviously means tournament that took place in Osaka and\nnot tournament, that walked in Osaka 大阪に行{い}った人 is a person that went to\nOsaka。",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T13:10:24.787",
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| 40365 | null | 40370 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40414",
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"body": "I need some additional information on gender differences when speaking\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T13:42:15.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40372",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "Is using the particle の at the end of a sentence considered feminine?",
"view_count": 8314
} | [
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 322 and 324: \n\nの: a sentence-final particle used by a female speaker or a child to indicate\nan explanation or emotive emphasis.\n\nThe の is used by females or children only in an informal situation. There are\ntimes when adult male speakers use の in questions, but they do not use it in\ndeclarative sentences.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T14:21:21.933",
"id": "40374",
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"body": "It depends.\n\nの in a question to make sure is used by both male and female people. So the\nfollowing lines can be naturally said by a male or female speaker.\n\n> 「行くの？ 行かないの？」\n>\n> 「ディズニーランドに行きたいの？」\n>\n> 「高校で水泳部だったの？」\n\nAssertive sentences which end with の are usually feminine, although there are\na few men who use this kind of の. For example,\n\n> 「ディズニーランドに行きたいの。」\n>\n> 「ミニーちゃんが大好きなの〜〜〜！」\n>\n> 「『ハムレット』は読んだけど、『リア王』はまだ読んでないの。」\n\nIf native Japanese speakers read or hear these sentences above, most of them\nwould think that a girl or woman is saying the sentences.\n\nの following です or ます in an assertive sentence sounds elegant and very\nfeminine. For example,\n\n> 「松田さんは、着物の先生ですの。」\n>\n> 「日曜は、京都へ行きますの。」\n\nHowever, if the sentence is strongly assertive, の is naturally used by both\nmale and female people like so.\n\n> 「ディズニーランドに行きたいの！」\n>\n> 「分かってるの！ 分かってるけど、間違えちゃったの！」\n>\n> 「浮気なんかしてないってば。ずっと、仕事してたの！」\n\nThis kind of の can be used in an imperative sentence. For example,\n\n> 「違う、北じゃなくて、南に行くの！」\n>\n> 「ここでは、大きな声出さないの。」\n\nThis kind of imperative sentence is also not gender specific.\n\nIf の(no) is pronounced longer like のー(nō), it sounds like a male senior’s\ntalking or dialect. This kind of のー is generally written as のう, although う(u)\nsound is actually not pronounced.\n\n> 「懐かしいのう。」\n>\n> 「山口さんは元気かのう。」\n>\n> 「あの魚は[美味]{う・ま}かったのう。」\n\nの meaning もの or のもの is used by both male and female people. For example,\n\n> 花子「大きいのと小さいの、どっちにする？」 \n> 太郎「小さいの。」\n>\n> 太郎「うどんは、関東のと関西の、どっちが好き？」 \n> 花子「関西の。」",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 40372 | 40414 | 40414 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40381",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Currently, ichigatsu, nigatsu, sangatsu.....however the original names of the\nmonths were different than what is spoken today. I want to learn the original\nnames of the months.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T15:45:34.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40377",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"history"
],
"title": "What are the original names of the months in Japanese?",
"view_count": 440
} | [
{
"body": "From <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_calendar>:\n\n> 1. 睦月 「むつき」\n> 2. 如月 「きさらぎ」\n> 3. 弥生 「やよい」\n> 4. 卯月 「うづき」\n> 5. 皐月 「さつき」\n> 6. 水無月 「みなづき」\n> 7. 文月 「ふみづき」 (or「ふづき」)\n> 8. 葉月 「はづき」\n> 9. 長月 「ながつき」\n> 10. 神無月 「かんなづき」 (or「かみなづき」)\n> 11. 霜月 「しもつき」\n> 12. 師走 「しわす」 or 「しはす」\n>\n\nThere are a couple variants to some of them that you can see on the Wikipedia\nlink. Also note that\n\n> The old Japanese calendar was an adjusted lunar calendar based on the\n> Chinese calendar, and the year—and with it the months—started anywhere from\n> about 3 to 7 weeks later than the modern year, so in historical contexts it\n> is not entirely accurate to equate the first month with January.\n\nSo you can't really just use these names willy-nilly to replace the current\nmonth convention.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T16:39:30.937",
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| 40377 | 40381 | 40381 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40402",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Taking the following example, where the okurigana る in きる is dropped when\ncombined with 物 (もの) to form the word 着物 (きもの), can we generalize this rule?\n\nFor instance, if N consecutive kanji appear, can we say that the okurigana of\nthe first N-1 kanji characters' pronunciation is dropped, except for the\nokurigana of the last kanji character (taking N = 2 as an example)?\n\nIf so, then how large can N be (i.e., is there a sequence longer than three\nkanji characters that can be used in Japanese, perhaps followed by some\nfollowing written okurigana)?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T16:21:40.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40379",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-15T07:48:40.180",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"dictionary",
"okurigana"
],
"title": "Is okurigana always dropped when combining kanji?",
"view_count": 365
} | [
{
"body": "No, okurigana are not always dropped. It depends mostly on whether the\nokurigana make up part of the changeable bit on the end (the part that shifts\nin different conjugations), and whether that only changes vowels, or\ndisappears entirely. For instance, in the verb 着{き}る \"to wear\", the る on the\nend in the plain form きる _kiru_ just disappears when conjugating to the polite\nform きます _kimasu_ , so the verb stem (the part before the _-masu_ ending) is\njust _ki_ , which is entirely covered by the kanji spelling 着. In the verb\n切{き}る \"to cut\", the る on the end in the plain form きる _kiru_ changes just the\nvowel to become きります _kirimasu_ in the polite form. Since the り forms part of\nthe verb stem, and that is **not** covered just by the kanji spelling 切, that\nり is usually written out as okurigana when writing kun'yomi compounds with\nthis verb, such as 切{き}り捨{す}てる or 皮{かわ}切{き}り.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"id": "40402",
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| 40379 | 40402 | 40402 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40411",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know the difference between します/しました and できます/できました.\n\nIs the difference between the two that the first one indicates action whereas\nthe second one indicates ability (or perhaps possibility) of action?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T16:26:17.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40380",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-27T23:51:28.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"word-requests",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between します and できます？",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "します is the polite version of the verb する which means \"to do\".\n\nできます is the polite version of the verb できる (or sometimes 出来る) which has\nmultiple meanings.\n\n * It can be the [potential form](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation#Potential) of the verb する. The potential form of a verb is a conjugation that expresses that the action signified by the verb _can be done_. For the verb する this conjugations happens to be irregular which is why できる looks completely different from する. Since する simply means \"to do\", the potential form できる means \"to be able to do\" or \"can do\", just as you assumed.\n * Besides this meaning, できる can also take on a [variety of other meanings](http://jisho.org/search/dekiru) including \"to be ready / complete\" and \"to be made of\". For more information on this usage of できる see, for example, [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/9597/18296).",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 40380 | 40411 | 40411 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40389",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Regarding the on'yomi shi (シ), of the character 思 from the word 思う, why does\nGoogle Translate list the pronunciation of this word/kanji as _shitau_ instead\nof _shi_ (with _shitau_ missing from the dictionary entry as displayed below\nin Takoboto):\n\n\n",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T16:41:09.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40382",
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"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"dictionary",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "To think kanji: 思う (おもう): シ (shi) versus (shitau)",
"view_count": 493
} | [
{
"body": "To answer your specific question, of _\" why does Google Translate...\"_ -- it\nis a machine program, and thus it is only as good as the data fed into it,\ncombined with the cleverness of its algorithms. Clearly, the programmers have\nnot finished programming Google Translate to correctly handle Japanese.\n\nIn short: **Never trust Google Translate.** Especially when it comes to single\nwords. The reading _shitau_ is for the spelling 慕う, and it means \"to yearn\nfor, to long for\". 思 on its own is read (generally) as _shi_ and is only used\nthis way in compounds with other kanji.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T17:32:22.013",
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| 40382 | 40389 | 40389 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41784",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am looking for the adjective jōzu / boozy in my Takoboto dictionary, to\nlearn further information, or its kanji, but cannot find it.\n\nCan someone help me develop a strategy for looking up and finding adjectives\nin a dictionary?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/o89Swl.jpg)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BhwU4.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T16:49:01.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40383",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T19:48:53.723",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-28T00:15:06.670",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"dictionary"
],
"title": "Can't find adjective in dictionary",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "The adjective is actually spelled as jouzu in the dictionary. As with many oo\ncombinations, one has to try on as well, as per [this\npost.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39927/18183)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T17:21:53.020",
"id": "40387",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
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"owner_user_id": "18183",
"parent_id": "40383",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Learn Hepburn romanization if you want to use romaji. Your textbook uses a\nnon-standard type of romanization. Better yet, just learn the kana. The word\nis 上手｛じょうず｝.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T19:48:53.723",
"id": "41784",
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| 40383 | 41784 | 40387 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40388",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am unable to find an example of a future tense Japanese verb.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T16:57:03.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40384",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-27T17:23:47.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Are there future tenses for Japanese verbs?",
"view_count": 7194
} | [
{
"body": "That's because there isn't a future tense in Japanese. The dictionary form of\nthe verb acts as both present and future. The difference is inferred from\ncontext and the surrounding words.\n\nA simple example:\n\n> ケーキをよく食べる \n> I often eat cake \n> 明日ケーキを食べる \n> I will eat cake tomorrow",
"comment_count": 1,
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]
| 40384 | 40388 | 40388 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40471",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have seen vegetarian translated as both `bejitarian` and `Saishokushugi`.\n\n`bejitarian` is obviously an adaptation of vegetarian.\n\n`Saishokushugi` can be loosely translated as faith to vegetables.\n\nBut what's the difference between the two terms and when would you use one\nover the other?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T17:18:05.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40385",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between bejitarian and Saishokushugi?",
"view_count": 1294
} | [
{
"body": "I took a look at the [Japanese wikipedia article for\nVegetarianism](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0).\nI'm basing my answer on that, because I have little personal experience\nalthough I've been asked this a few times.\n\nベジタリアン is, as you said, an imported word. It has the same meaning as in\nenglish. There are different sub-types of vegetarian, etc. It also **does not\nindicate** the reason you are vegetarian. It could be for political beliefs,\nreligious beliefs or even because you saw an animal getting killed once and\njust can't eat meat anymore.\n\n菜食主義{さいしょくしゅぎ} denotes specifically a kind of vegetarianism guided by buddhist\npractices and beliefs. According to the Wiki article, it (sometimes) has an\nextra restriction on eating certain kinds of roots. Guided by the [Wikipedia\narticle in English on Buddhist\nVegetarianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism) it seems\nsome variations of Buddhism also disencourage consuming vegetables if this\nkills the plant, thus things like garlic and onion are also forbidden (this is\ncalled 禁葷食{きんくんしょく}). But not all buddhists follow this principle; some\nencourage it, others reinforce it only for monks, some not even for monks.\nThere's a lot of variation apparently.\n\nSo when you talk about 菜食主義者{さいしょくしゅぎ}, you talk specifically about **the\nreason** one has a dietary restriction. It is because one follows buddhist\nfaith and principles.\n\nThe short answer if you're looking for how to talk about your own dietary\nrestrictions is motivation: unless it is this specific Buddhist set of beliefs\nthat guides your vegetarianism, use ベジタリアン (ヴィーガン if that suits you better).",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T17:40:45.600",
"id": "40459",
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{
"body": "菜食主義 ( _saishoku-shugi_ ) is vegetarianism, and 菜食主義者 ( _saishoku-shugi-sha_ )\nis a vegetarian, a person who practice vegetarianism. To break down:\n\n * 菜 _sai_ : vegetable\n * 食 _shoku_ : eat\n * 主義 _shugi_ : belief, ism\n * 者 _sha_ : person\n\nTo me, ベジタリアン and 菜食主義 **者** are almost identical as far as meaning goes. I\nbelieve you can safely use whichever you prefer in most cases. In casual\nsettings, I feel many people prefer ベジタリアン, presumably because it sounds less\nstiff and is a lot easier to pronounce.\n\nThe number of vegetarians in Japan is probably small, and I feel few people in\nJapan practice vegetarianism for religious or ethical reasons. Most\nvegetarians in Japan refuse to eat meat for health-related reasons, so 菜食主義者\nand ベジタリアン usually refer to such people. I'm vaguely aware that there are many\nsub-types of vegetarianism in western countries (including veganism), but they\nare scarcely recognized here in Japan.",
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| 40385 | 40471 | 40471 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40394",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my Japanese book it gives the following examples:\n\n> * Nihongo o hanashite mo iidesuka? Renshuu o shitai desu. = Do you mind if\n> we speak Japanese, I would like to practice it.\n> * ohanashi suru = have a talk\n> * Ohanashi dekite yokatta desu. = It was nice talking with you.\n> * Motto oshiete kudasai! = tell me more\n> * Anata no kazoku ni tsuite oshiete kudasai. = Tell me about your family\n>\n\nWhat's the difference between `ohanashi` and `oshiete`? They both seem to\nrelate to talking/speaking, but I can't tell the difference.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T17:36:27.233",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ohanashi and oshiete",
"view_count": 4877
} | [
{
"body": "おしえて (from おしえる) means \"to teach\". So you can think of these examples as\npassing on information about the topic.\n\n> * Tell me about your family → \"Teach me information about your family\"\n> (even though we wouldn't say it that way in English)\n> * \"Tell me more (information about whatever we're talking about)\"\n>\n\nNote that there is even a difference between はなす and はなし(を)する. The former\nsimply means \"to talk\" (the act of talking), while the latter means \"to have a\ntalk\" (2 or more people actively engaged).",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 40390 | 40394 | 40394 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40398",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am unable to find an explanation of the 2 distinct terms.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T17:46:46.940",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Is fumufumu the same as soudesu?",
"view_count": 757
} | [
{
"body": "These \"words\" are not synonyms although they both can be used as\n[aizuchi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizuchi).\n\n`ふむふむ` is onomatopoeia for the sound of agreement (similar to English _Uh-huh_\n).\n\n`そうです` literally means \"It is so\" and can be used both for agreeing with the\nother party and as an analog of \"I see\" (invitation to continue the\nconversation but without a specific expression of agreement with what's being\nsaid).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T18:48:50.470",
"id": "40398",
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| 40392 | 40398 | 40398 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40399",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I was helping this girl with her English sentences and she sent me this:\n\n正しくしてくれてありがとう\n\nAs the context goes I guess it means \"thanks for correcting me\"\n\nThere's a lot of things confusing me on this sentence, first:\n\n 1. Why's she using the adverb 正しく instead of the verb 正す？ does it comes from something like 正しいする?\n\n 2. Now we have してくれて which is te form of する+くれて, what does it mean? Could this sentence be said in a different way?\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T18:47:59.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40397",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-27T19:33:14.273",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Verb te form + くれて",
"view_count": 3011
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. Why's she using the adverb 正しく instead of the verb 正す？ does it comes\n> from something like 正しいする?\n>\n\nI think it's not just a simple use of adverb. I.e. you would not in this case\nparse 正しく+する to mean \"correctly do\" as you would parse 速く+歩く to mean \"quickly\nwalk\".\n\n * Consider [静かにする](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/39775/meaning-of-adjective-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B). Although the syntax is adverb+verb, 静かに+する, but it may take on the meaning of \"be(make) quiet\" in addition to \"quietly do\".\n\n * So in your case of 正しくして it means \"to make correct\". 正しく is conjugated from 正しい to be an adverb.\n\n> 2. Now we have してくれて which is te form of する+くれて, what does it mean? Could\n> this sentence be said in a different way?\n>\n\n * [くれる(see diagram in the linked answer)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/404/542) is an auxiliary that means \"for me\". It indicates the beneficiary of the action and its formation rules is that it comes after the て form. So 正しくしてくれる means \"make correct for me\".\n\n * also see [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/308/542) for a primer on verbs for giving and receiving. (Maybe you should look for a good textbook, all textbooks should deal with giving and receiving verbs)\n * くれる is further inflected to its て form くれて in order to append ありがとう after it. ～てありがとう is a structure that means \"thank you for ～\".\n\nCombined, 正しくしてくれてありがとう can be parsed as \"thank you for making it correct for\nme\" = \"thanks for correcting me\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T19:13:19.953",
"id": "40399",
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| 40397 | 40399 | 40399 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40425",
"answer_count": 7,
"body": "Apparently, the terms mean the same thing. They both refer to a teacher.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T22:14:27.640",
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"id": "40406",
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"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What is the difference in meaning between 先生 and 教師？",
"view_count": 6098
} | [
{
"body": "先生 can be used as a profession or as a title, and you can call a lawyer or a\ndoctor with sensei. But 教師 is the teacher profession.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-27T22:50:47.853",
"id": "40408",
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{
"body": "教師 means \"a teacher\".\n\n先生 means \"a teacher\", too. But 先生 can be used for the title of teacher,\ndoctor, writer, politician, artist, and so on.\n\nFor example, when a student greets to the teacher in the morning, he can't say\n\"おはようございます、教師。\". In this situation, he should say \"おはようございます、先生\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T05:28:08.740",
"id": "40425",
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{
"body": "Like others said 先生 as a noun could be used for many titles like doctor,\nteacher, professor etc, while 教師 strictly means \"teacher\".\n\nHowever when 先生 is used as a honorific it could also mean \"Mr.\" or \"Mrs.\",\nlike how you would call your teacher \"Mr. Smith\", but \"Teacher Smith\" would\nsound extremely awkward, that is basically the same idea with 先生 vs 教師.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T14:48:57.503",
"id": "40450",
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"body": "Another thing to add is that since 先生 is an honorific term, it is quite\nimpolite to refer to yourself as 先生 even if you are a teacher.\n\nI was instructed by a native teacher to introduce/refer to my parents (who are\nuniversity professors) as 教師. It is also more clarifying, as Japanese people\nrefer to many occupations with 先生: doctors, writers, lawyers...",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T16:31:03.143",
"id": "40456",
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},
{
"body": "So 教師 means “teacher”(occupation), whereas 先生 is a honorific term. All 教師 can\nbe called “先生”, but not all 先生 are 教師。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-01-19T22:27:18.333",
"id": "56055",
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"body": "Teachers often refer to themselves as 先生 in front of their students. This\nserves to enforce the formal teacher-student relationship and allows the\nteacher to avoid using 私、僕、俺、all of which are words pregnant with meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-05T08:32:31.353",
"id": "70557",
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{
"body": "教師 - teacher(profession/one`s job)\n\n先生 - similar as miss/mam (while calling) It is not only used for teacher. It\ncan also used to call doctor, researchers etc,.\n\n(私は先生です）これはだめです。\n\n**私は教師です** 。 - I am a teacher.\n\n**彼は私の先生です** 。- He is my teacher.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-09-05T10:00:56.627",
"id": "70561",
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| 40406 | 40425 | 40425 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40413",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need to obtain some additional information on Japanese introductions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-27T23:22:01.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40409",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-04T00:33:15.880",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Do Japanese people introduce themselves with the last name used first?",
"view_count": 4189
} | [
{
"body": "Do you mean the order of the first name and last name in Japanese names?\n\nIf that's what you mean then Yes, last names come before first names in\nJapanese, which is similar to many other Asian names. So we have, for example:\n高橋 直希 - Takahashi Naoki Where Takahashi is the last name, and Naoki is the\nfirst name.\n\nHowever, when Japanese introduce themselves to foreigners, it will be likely\nthat they introduce their name in Western style (by putting their last name\nbehind, making it Naoki Takahashi).\n\nTherefore, I think you should not assume that the name coming first is always\nthe last name. It is better if you learn and know common/popular Japanese last\nnames so you won't be confused when they introduce themselves in either way.",
"comment_count": 5,
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| 40409 | 40413 | 40413 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40419",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having trouble with the following line from Death note (anime):\n\n> Light: これはお互いが、「深まった」と了承しあう為の儀式だ！\n\n(context is that 2 characters are playing tennis to try to psychologically out\ndo the other)\n\nThe translation I have, reads:\n\n> This is just a ritual to acknowledge that we've become friends.\n\nI don't understand where the \"just\" comes from.\n\nI had it more literally like this: \"As for this, it is a mutual\nacknowledgement ritual of our meeting to deepen our friendship\". I don't\nunderstand what the first part is doing in relation to the last part and why\nwe have し and 為 both indicating the reason for something. How the が fights in\nis also puzzling.\n\nIf someone could dissect and explain the grammar operation here that would\nhelp.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T01:19:53.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40415",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-14T20:23:37.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "18449",
"owner_user_id": "18449",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"syntax",
"anime"
],
"title": "Trouble with a sentence",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "> * これは儀式だ！ This is a ritual!\n> * これは[Vする]ための儀式だ！ This is a ritual to [verb]!\n> * これは[S]が[Vする]ための儀式だ！ This is a ritual for [S] to [verb]!\n> * これは[お互い]が、[「深まった」と了承しあう]ための儀式だ！ \n> This is a ritual for [both of us] to [mutually acknowledge that (our\n> relationship) has been deepened]!\n>\n\nA simpler example would be これは子どもが読むための本です。 \"This is a book for children to\nread.\"\n\nI would say the official translation is more literal, except for \"just\" which\ncame from nowhere. This \"just\" has been added by the translator to make the\nsentence clearer.\n\nお互い here is a noun that roughly means \"both of us\", which is naturally marked\nwith が and works as the subject of the verb 了承しあう.\n\nFor the difference between 了承する and 了承しあう, see: [Usage of 合える with verb\nstems](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28012/5010)\n\nLastly, Japanese commas play a smaller role on grammatical interpretation (see\n[this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23782/5010) for example).\nDon't try to split this sentence into two by that comma.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T02:06:22.083",
"id": "40419",
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}
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| 40415 | 40419 | 40419 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40418",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was listening a conversation where a guy said そろそろ 失礼します。 \nI also heard inflections like 失礼しました。\n\n> Google translate : 失礼します == Excuse me. \n> is it correct ?\n\nWhat is the proper meaning and usage cases for 失礼します ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T01:51:09.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40416",
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"owner_user_id": "16171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "usage cases for 失礼します?",
"view_count": 1995
} | [
{
"body": "There are many ways to use it. \n失礼 means rude.\n\n> そろそろ 失礼します。\n\nProbably means\n\n> \"I will be leaving soon\"\n\nIt is used a lot when you finish your day at work for example. \nI guess in a way it means that you will do the rudeness of leaving before the\nothers.\n\n> 失礼しました\n\nmeans\n\n> I did something rude\n\nAnd can be used in many ways. For example, you could say it after you got\ncorrected after saying something wrong making a mistake.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T01:55:48.937",
"id": "40417",
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{
"body": "失礼 is used in many situations. \nIt can be used as an apology, which is the original meaning of the word. But\nit can also be used as a greeting when entering or leaving a room or a place. \nIt is very common for workers to leave the workplace by greeting the other co-\ncoworkers with \nお先に失礼します。(o-saki ni shitsurei shimasu)\n\nIt can also be used as a greeting when finishing a phone conversation.\n\nIt can be used just like in English to start a conversation: \n失礼ですが... (excuse me...)\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/98858/meaning/m0u/> \n<https://careerpark.jp/77267>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T02:04:30.290",
"id": "40418",
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"score": 2
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]
| 40416 | 40418 | 40417 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40426",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> その高校とは昔から仲が悪くて学力のレベルも一緒なら評判や人気までも一緒\n\nMore context: <https://i.stack.imgur.com/mj333.jpg>\n\nIs 「X 一緒なら Y 一緒」 a common structure? What is its meaning?\n\nMy attempt: \"Relations with that high school have always been bad. From\nscholastic ability to reputation and popularity.\"\n\nThanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T03:29:30.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40420",
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「X 一緒なら Y 一緒」",
"view_count": 315
} | [
{
"body": "The structure is 「X **も** 一緒なら Y **も** 一緒」.\n\nI think the meaning of this structure is similar to \"not only ... but also\" or\n\"as well as\".\n\nNot only scholastic ability but also reputation and popularity is same between\nthis high school and that high school.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T05:07:04.583",
"id": "40424",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "`A + も + B + なら/ば + X + も + Y + だ` is a pattern used to present two similar\nfacts in parallel. Here are relevant articles:\n\n * JGram: [も～ば～も](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=mo-ba-mo)\n * jtest4you: [Learn JLPT N2 Grammar: も～ば～も (mo~ba~mo)](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%82%82%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%B0%EF%BD%9E%E3%82%82-mobamo/)\n\nIn your example sentence, the \"B\" and \"Y\" parts happen to be the same na-\nadjective, `同じ`. The speaker is saying two facts in parallel, \"academic\nabilities (of the two schools) are the same\" and \"reputation and popularity\n(of the two schools) are the same\".\n\nなら is not always translated as \"if\". It can work as something like an emphatic\ntopic marker, similar to English \"speaking of ～\" or \"regarding ～\". Here's the\ndictionary entry which is (probably) relevant:\n\n> [なら](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/165205/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89/)\n>\n> * ［副助］《断定の助動詞「なり」の未然形から》体言に付く。話題となるものを取り上げて示す。…について言えば。「母―間もなく帰ると思います」\n> * ［並助］《近世語》いくつかの事柄を並列して言うのに用いる。…といい、…といい。→なり［並助］\n>\n\nTypical idiomatic usage of this kind of なら is found in this question: [Meaning\nof pattern 「XがXなら、YもYだ」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/870/5010)",
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| 40420 | 40426 | 40426 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40465",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm learning Japanese from a book, and it says that \"specialty\" is\nご[専門]{せんもん}, but Japanese speakers can't seem to understand me if I use this\nword.\n\nHow can I correctly write 「ご専門は何ですか。」 (\"What's your specialty?\") in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T06:54:43.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40427",
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"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "12299",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How can I ask about a person's specialty?",
"view_count": 821
} | [
{
"body": "As mentioned in the comments, ご専門 is more about what one studies/studied. For\nworking people, 「お仕事は何ですか。」 should work in most cases.\n\nIf you meant to ask what a person is good at (their strong point/forte), try\n「お得意{とくい}なものは何ですか。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T09:28:47.470",
"id": "40430",
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{
"body": "ご専門は何ですか is a perfectly natural way of saying \"What's your specialty?\", but\nthis question would make sense only to professional scholars, physicians and\nsuch. You would expect answers like \"algebraic topology\", \"plasma cosmology\",\n\"pediatric hematology\", etc.\n\nTo ask one's major to college students, ご専門 works, but it's better to ask\n専攻【せんこう】は何ですか, because 専門 usually refers to true experts. To ask about\nsomeone's job in general, see the answer of @IgorSkochinsky.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T23:56:35.407",
"id": "40465",
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| 40427 | 40465 | 40430 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40429",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I wasn't sure since as far as I know, we cannot repeat は or が (or am I wrong\nabout this?). I'm quite certain though that we can repeat の and に. But how\nabout を as in this sentence below?\n\n私は封筒にきって **を** はるの **を** 忘れた?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T08:20:55.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Is it possible to use more than one を in a sentence?",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, を can be repeated in a sentence. \nAnd your sentence is perfectly correct: \n私は封筒に切手を貼るのを忘れた。 \nI forgot to put a stamp on the envelope.\n\nIn this case the sentence is unambiguous because the corresponding verb\nimmediately follows を.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T08:54:21.430",
"id": "40429",
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"body": "Multiple を may appear in one sentence when it's a [complex\nsentence](http://examples.yourdictionary.com/complex-sentence-examples.html)\nor compound sentence (i.e. has more then one clause).\n\n> 私は封筒にきってをはるのを忘れた。\n\nThis is a typical complex sentence. 封筒に切手【きって】を貼【は】るの forms a _noun clause_\nmeaning \"to put a stamp on the envelope\". It serves as the object of the outer\nmain clause, 私は～を忘れた (\"I forgot ～\").\n\nSimilar question: [Is saying 「XはYは…」\nacceptable?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19461/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-29T00:05:32.283",
"id": "40466",
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| 40428 | 40429 | 40429 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40467",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If you wanted to present a word or a list of words, can you introduce it/them\nwith ここ？\n\nFor example, \"Here is what happened yesterday...\"\n\nOr is it used just in the literal sense of a location?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T10:32:00.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40431",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-28T17:20:54.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18456",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Can ここ be used to present a list? Or is it only used for locations?",
"view_count": 176
} | [
{
"body": "Can ここ be used to present a list? \nI don't think so. \nAccording to the dictionary, ここ can be used to express location or time:\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/26097/meaning/m1u/%E6%AD%A4%E5%87%A6/>\n\n\"Here is what happened\" is an English idiom that should not be translated\nliterally.\n\nIn the case of \"Here is what happened yesterday...\" I would say something\nlike: \n昨日の出来事は次の通りだ...",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T14:06:59.067",
"id": "40446",
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{
"body": "In general, no, you cannot use ここ to translate English phrases like \"Here you\ngo\" and \"Here are the details ...\". You may use これ (lit. \"this\"), こちら (politer\nversion of これ), 以下 (lit. \"the following\"), etc., depending on what you want to\nsay.\n\nBut ここ can refer to some point within a discussion. ここで safely means \"At this\npoint, (let's review ...)\" or \"Here, (X means ...)\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-29T00:16:26.920",
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| 40431 | 40467 | 40467 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I would like to know whether a Japanese word combining at least two kanji can\ncombine both on'yomi and kun'yomi characters, within the same word.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T10:43:23.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40433",
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"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "Can a Japanese word combine both on'yomi and kun'yomi characters?",
"view_count": 2217
} | [
{
"body": "The answer is yes. There are \"重箱読み (ju-bako-yomi)\" and \"湯桶読み (yu-tou-yomi)\" in\nJapanese vocabulary (in 2 kanji words only).\n\n重箱 is read as Ju-bako. \"Ju\" is on'yomi and \"bako\" is kun'yomi. Like this, it\nis called 重箱読み when 1st kanji is on'yomi and 2nd kanji is kun'yomi.\n\n湯桶 is read as Yu-tou. \"Yu\" is kun'yomi and \"tou\" is on'yomi. Like this, it is\ncalled 湯桶読み when 1st kanji is kun'yomi and 2nd kanji is on'yomi.\n\nOther examples:\n\n> 王様(ou-sama) : on + kun --> 重箱読み \n> 味方(mi-kata) : on + kun --> 重箱読み \n> 丸太(maru-ta) : kun + on --> 湯桶読み \n> 見本(mi-hon ) : kun + on --> 湯桶読み",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T11:10:24.470",
"id": "40437",
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{
"body": "Sii's answer is a good one.\n\nTo add a clarification, you asked:\n\n> Can a Japanese word combine both on'yomi and kun'yomi characters?\n\nJapanese **characters** are neither _on'yomi_ or _kun'yomi_. The\n**characters** are just graphical representations.\n\nThe words _on'yomi_ and _kun'yomi_ describe the **readings** for Japanese\ncharacters (specifically _kanji_ ). That's actually what the _yomi_ part\nmeans: it literally means \"reading\".\n\nFor kanji, most characters have multiple readings: usually at least one\n_on'yomi_ , and usually at least one _kun'yomi_.\n\n * The word _on'yomi_ is spelled 音【おん】読【よ】み, literally meaning 音【おん】 ( _on_ , \"sound\") + 読【よ】み ( _yomi_ , \"reading\"). The _on'yomi_ pronunciation of any kanji usually derives from Middle Chinese, as the Japanese approximation of the **sound** of the Chinese word when it was borrowed from Middle Chinese over 1300 years ago.\n * The word _kun'yomi_ is spelled 訓【くん】読【よ】み, literally meaning 訓【くん】 ( _kun_ , \"meaning\") + 読【よ】み ( _yomi_ , \"reading\"). The _kun'yomi_ pronunciation of any kanji usually derives from native Japanese vocabulary, as the Japanese approximation of the **meaning** of the Chinese word when it was borrowed from Middle Chinese over 1300 years ago.\n\n1300+ years is a long time, and some things have changed over that period.\nSome kanji are even relatively recent inventions, such as 腺【せん】 ( _sen_ ,\n\"gland\"). And language is always irregular. There are consequently exceptions\nhere and there, such as kanji that have only _on'yomi_ and no _kun'yomi_ (like\n腺【せん】), or kanji that have only _kun'yomi_ and no _on'yomi_ (like 畑【はたけ】 [\n_hatake_ , \"dry cultivated field\"]). There have also been sound shifts in both\nChinese and Japanese, so the Chinese word 十 is pronounced as _shí_ in\nMandarin, but as _jū_ in Japanese -- these both derive from Middle Chinese\npronunciation //d͡ʑiɪp̚// (roughly similar to the pronunciation of the English\nword _Jeep_ ).\n\n**To summarize** , remember that Japanese characters **have** _yomi_ , but the\ncharacters themselves are not _yomi_.",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 40433 | null | 40437 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40439",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In my Japanese book it lists the following:\n\n> Hutsuu, bejitarian muke no oishii shokuji o mitsukeru no wa muzukashii desu.\n> = It is normally hard to find good vegetarian food\n>\n> Supein ryouri wa donna kanji desuka? = What is Spanish food like?\n>\n> Sono tabemono wa oishikatta desu. = That food was delicious\n\nWhat's the difference between `shokuji`, `ryouri` and `tabemono`? They all\nrefer to food, but is there any difference between them or rules as to when to\nuse one over the other?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T10:56:12.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40435",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between shokuji, ryouri and tabemono?",
"view_count": 8835
} | [
{
"body": "食事(shokuji) means \"meal\" like breakfast, lunch, and dinner.\n\n料理(ryouri) means \"cuisine\", \"foods cooked by someone\". For example,\n彼女の手料理を食べたい(I want to eat her home cooking).\n\n食べもの(tabemono) means \"food\", \"eating\" like vegetable, meat, cereal and so on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T11:41:34.633",
"id": "40439",
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},
{
"body": "But the boundaries between the three seem sort of fluid. I was looking for\nexamples for 好き嫌い (strong likes and dislikes), and one of the tatoeba\nsentences is 食事の好き嫌いはありますか。 (Tatoeba translation: Do you have strong likes and\ndislikes for certain food?) I would have expected りょうり or たべもの - but no.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-04T08:55:56.990",
"id": "82455",
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"score": 0
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]
| 40435 | 40439 | 40439 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40445",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Can someone please help me determine why the kanji section of the Tokoboto\ndictionary entry for dekiru (できる) does not list a で entry by itself (with no\ntrailing dot / nothing after the dot, and lists で.る instead) for 出, and why\nthere is only a き.たる dictionary entry for 来 but no き.る entry.\n\nAs it stands, I am unable to build the できる sound from the kanji entries for\n出来る in the dictionary.\n\nCan someone please help me?\n\n(Sorry for posting the following screenshot. Not sure how else to ask this\nquestion.)\n\nUPDATE: I can roughly see how it is possible that the る suffix of the first\nkanji is dropped, but cannot figure out how the たる suffix in the second kanji\nchanges to plain る.\n\nThanks.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZQAP6.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T11:04:26.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40436",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-29T00:43:02.913",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-28T11:40:56.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "18183",
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"word-requests",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "出来る{できる}: kun'yomi from Takoboto dictionary do not correspond",
"view_count": 497
} | [
{
"body": "The exact pronunciation of a kanji depends on the word. \nDifferent words that use the same kanji can have different pronunciations for\nthat same kanji. \n出 can be pronounced as だ or で or しゅつ or すい or い, or even maybe some other\npronunciation that is not included in the list.\n\nWhat comes after the dot, as in で.る is just an example. It just means that 出る\nshould be pronounced as でる, but it is just an example.\n\nSo 出来る is pronounced できる, with 出 as で and 来 as き.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T13:42:21.350",
"id": "40445",
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},
{
"body": "I agree with hisao m's answer (the kun readings are not rules), but as I\nunderstand it the kun readings are not simply \"examples\" but are actually\nmeant to be all the possible okurigana that can be produced for the kanji\n_when it stands alone_.\n\nThis is useful in two situations: (1) when you don't know which syllables of a\nword to attach to the kanji as okurigana (for example, 渡す is correct but *渡たす\nis not), or (2) when you wish to produce kundoku readings for kanbun (so that\nyou, the classicist, can read 士渡海 as 士が海を渡る).\n\nThe kun readings are not meant to be an exhaustive list of all the ways the\nkanji can be used outside of on readings. This would get confusing fast, for\nexample, ateji.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T14:59:54.850",
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"body": "While this answer doesn't readily address the issue of で vs で.る until the end,\nI believe it is important that the OP approach the subject of kanji rather\ndifferently than s/he appears to be doing.\n\nLanguages are not designed for the ease of non-native speakers to learn. This\ncan be all the more true when it comes to orthography. When coming from a\nWestern language, particularly English, we bring our own set of biases about\nwhat a written language should look like (despite the fact that our spelling\nsystem is maddeningly inconsistent).\n\nWritten Japanese can seem overly complex with its different _kanas_ and kanji.\nBut as you learn to read the language, the conventions make more sense, and\nthe exceptions almost fade into the background. It's a lot of hard work, and\nit can be agonizingly slow at the beginning. For example, once you've learned\nbasic French or German grammar, you can pick up just about any book published\nin the last 200 years and read it. Not so with Japanese. Just consider the\nlanguage as it is written _today_ (as opposed to 50 years ago or even further\nback). The grammar, choice of vocabulary, and style of a newspaper is worlds\ndifferent from a manga. Depending on how you're learning the language, neither\nof those two styles may resemble the language that you're being taught in the\nclassroom.\n\nMy spoken Japanese is passable, but not fluent. However, I can read it\ndecently enough, and near fluently in the areas of particular interest to me:\nhistory, culture, and Buddhism. I also have a bit of a scientific inclination.\nSo, I taught myself to read a substantial portion of Japanese by picking up\nbooks on subjects I already a decent feel for and books on subjects that have\na straight-forward internal logic: aerodynamics, paleontology, astronomy,...\nThese are also subjects that largely circumvent the struggle of deciphering\nodd characters or words that turn out to be names of places and people. I've\nleft learning to read literature to the classroom where there was a teacher to\nhelp grasp what was going on. Since on a professional level I have no need for\nJapanese and little time to devote to it anymore, my reading ability has\nplateaued.\n\nAll that is by way of background.\n\nYou can learn a great deal of Spanish, French, German, etc just by picking up\na dictionary and memorizing words. You can do this to a degree with Japanese,\nbut there isn't the close one-to-one correspondence between words and their\nmeanings as there is in closely related languages. A kanji dictionary is its\nown wonderful bag of fun. (And, I don't mean that facetiously.) Yet, you have\nto understand what the purpose of a kanji dictionary is: to help the native\nspeaker find the information they need to understand (1) how a character is\nused and read, (2) its development and historical usage, (3) a list of its\nmore obscure meanings and readings, and a few other details. To this end,\nJapanese dictionaries for native speakers have developed a series of styles\nfor presenting information about characters: for example, the use of a dot to\nindicate where _okurigana_ generally starts (I say \"generally\" since some\nauthors like to flaunt the _rules_ ), the use of _kana_ to indicate the\norigins of various pronunciations ( _on'yomi_ vs _kun'yomi_ is just the\ncoarsest distinction to be made, much finer distinctions can be made regarding\nthe periods a particular pronunciation was adopted), and then depending on the\ndictionary, bold fonts for standardized pronunciations such as with\n_Joyokanji_ vs historical pronunciations that still linger. And much, much\nmore. It can be very instructive to pick up a kanji dictionary written for\nnative speakers and read the prologue where many of these conventions are\nexplained in detail. It can also be helpful to look at kanji dictionaries\ndesigned for elementary and middle school kids\n\nThe ap you seem to be using is obviously designed for non-native speakers.\nNevertheless, it is adapting quite a few of the standard approaches used for\nnative speakers. Why? Because it's a great system and, for the most part,\nworks very well. But, it can be very frustrating to try to learn to read\nJapanese by starting with a kanji dictionary. These dictionaries should be\ntreated as guides to help you decipher what you see on the page; they are not\ndefinitive rulebooks that proscribe the only possibilities to read the\ncharacters. It is very easy to pick up a newspaper or a novel and find all\nsorts of examples of readings of characters that at face-value seem to flaunt\nwhat the dictionary has to say.\n\nIf you're trying to learn a large number of kanji, I wouldn't try to do it by\nreading a newspaper or literature. Why? In a newspaper, there's a rather\nspecialized grammar, lots of place names and names of individuals (none of\nwhich follow any kind of logic from a beginner's perspective, and sometimes\nnot at all from anyone's perspective),... trying to read a newspaper for a\nbeginning, in my opinion, is a great way to get frustrated with the language\nand give up. I wouldn't start with literature because there you may encounter\na whole range of oddities: unconvential uses of characters, historical\n_spellings_ , non-standard grammars (such as when characters speak in\ndialect),....\n\nI speak from personal experience here.\n\nBut if you pick up a book on a subject that is described and presented in an\n_objective_ manner, then you can delve in and learn a lot---an awful lot. The\nbook can be taken from the sciences: botany, physics, mathematics,... The book\ncan be about hobbies: origami, tea ceremony, making paper airplanes,\ngardening,.... You'll be learning a lot of specialize vocabulary, but the\ngrammar will be very consistent and tend to resemble very closely what you\nwould learn in a Japanese language class. The kanji will tend to be very\nstandardized and conform to what you see in a dictionary: there will be\nexceptions, but since the exceptions will be occurring within a fairly regular\ncontext, they'll be easier to catch, less frustrating, and easier to learn.\n\nWhen I started learning to read Japanese, I dove into Mishima Yukio, Natsume\nSoseki, Rohan Koda, and Tanizaki.... OMG. I was way over my head, and it got\nvery frustrating. I wish someone had just said, \"Try reading this book about\ndinosaurs. You'll enjoy it and you won't have to deal with obscure words,\nexpressions, uses of kanji, blah, blah, blah.\"\n\nJapanese love the sorts of books I'm describing. Many of them are very well\nwritten but at a level for the amateur enthusiast and not the specialist. If\nyou read from cover to cover, some of the best of these books will presume you\ndon't want to have to cart along a dictionary: so odd uses of kanji will be\naccompanied by _furigana_ , at the first occurences of specialized vocabulary\nthere will often be explanations (this can be very true for books aimed at\npeople who want to learn something about Japanese arts of ikebana and tea\nceremony where even obscure or unfamiliar historical figures and place names\nwill often offer _furigana_ upon first encounter---sorry, not all such\nhistorical names).\n\nSo, back to your questions.\n\nIf you understand Japanese grammar, how a kanji dictionary is structured, and\nwhy it's organized as it is, you should be able to see why there's no need for\nで to show up as a separate reading. To someone familiar with the language and\nits grammar, such a reading will be apparent from the entry で.る",
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"body": "First, the following five _words_ are all different _words_ with related but\ndifferent meanings. Dictionaries should have separate entries for each words.\n\n * [出【で】る](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%87%BA%E3%82%8B): to leave, to go out\n * [来【く】る](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%9D%A5%E3%82%8B): to come\n * [来【きた】る](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%9D%A5%E3%82%8B-1): to come (literary), upcoming\n * [出来【でき】る](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%87%BA%E6%9D%A5%E3%82%8B): to form, to complete, to finish\n * [出来【しゅったい】](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%87%BA%E6%9D%A5): occurence\n\nNext, the reading of a Japanese word is not always predictive from its\nappearance (which is also true for many English words, by the way). 来る is\nnever read as きる when used as a standalone verb, but the word 出来る is read as\nできる, not でくる, for whatever reason. You have to memorize the reading on a word-\nby-word basis. The \"KANJI\" section of that app seems to list only the typical\npossible readings, and I think it's a reasonable decision. It would not be\nfruitful to memorize all the possible reading of a kanji without understanding\nhow it's used in a word.\n\nA few two- or three-kanji words have completely irrelevant readings, which is\nknown as 熟字訓. See: [Where does the な in 大人 (otona) come\nfrom?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24513/5010)",
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| 40436 | 40445 | 40453 |
{
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"body": "今日は何をしようか。So is it a set rule that volitional form in plain (not using -ましょう)\ncan use the question marker か?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T11:39:30.167",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"volitional-form",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "The question marker か can only be used in polite questions right? Then why plain volitional can use it?",
"view_count": 233
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{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 166, か can also be\nused in plain form. \nExamples: \nこれは本だ。This is a book. \nこれは本か。 Is this a book? \n貴方は先生だ。You are a teacher. \n貴方は先生か。 Are you a teacher? \nIn the examples above the だ drops and is replaced by か.\n\nあの本は高い。That book is expensive. \nあの本は高いか。 Is that book expensive? \n私が話す。I speak. \n私が話すか。 Do I speak? \nIn the examples above か is added at the end of the sentence.",
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{
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"body": "I found the terms gogo and hirusugi listed. Is gogo based on the entire\nafternoon period and hirusugi based on midday?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T14:23:57.230",
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"score": -6,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "What is the word for afternoon?",
"view_count": 369
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{
"body": "We mostly use \"午後\"（gogo）in any situation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T15:30:01.850",
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| 40448 | 40454 | 40454 |
{
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"body": "I am unable to find content addressing this question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T16:23:01.853",
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"tags": [
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "When using ka, is it acceptable to eliminate the question mark when ending a sentence?",
"view_count": 434
} | [
{
"body": "For writing in Japanese, question marks after か appear to be less common than\nsimple periods in plain-text formats like novels. For manga, question marks\nseem to be more common. For writing in romaji, question marks appear to be\nstandard.\n\nNote that this is all from my own subjective perspective.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T23:16:30.103",
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| 40455 | 40463 | 40463 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40458",
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"body": "For example, Michiko can be written several different ways. Last names can\nalso be spelled differently.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T17:05:48.577",
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"id": "40457",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography",
"names"
],
"title": "Why are Japanese personal names pronounced the same but written differently?",
"view_count": 4126
} | [
{
"body": "Because kanji has the different meaning even if they are pronounced the same.\nFor example, the kanji characters of み are 美,見 etc. Them of ち are 知、智、地 etc.\nThem of みち are 道, 満, 路 etc. The kanji character of こ which placed the end of\nwoman's first name is usually 子.\n\nSo we can choose these kanji for a name みちこ like 美智子, 路子, and 見知子.",
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"body": "The reason is that parents choose the _kanji_ for their meaning. Depending on\nthe _kanji_ chosen, the suggested meaning is different, for example\n\n * 美智子 — \"beautiful wise child\"\n * 美千子 — \"child of a thousand beauties\"\n * 見知子 — \"child of recognition\"\n * 道子 — \"child of the way\"\n * 路子 — \"child of the road\"\n * 倫子 — \"child of morals\"\n * 皆子 — \"child of all\"\n * 通子 — \"child of passage\"\n\n(taken from <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiko>).\n\nThere are several special suffixes/endings for first names, for which usually\nonly one _kanji_ is chosen, such as\n\n * 子 _-ko_ for girls\n * 郎 _-rō_ for boys\n\nAlso, _-o_ is a common ending for boys' names, usually emphasizing the male\ngender, although several _kanji_ are common: 雄, 夫, 男.\n\nFor _Michiko_ , common spellings would thus be of the form [〇]{みち}子 or\n[〇]{み}[〇]{ち}子. Since 子 means, it is a girl's name, for [〇]{みち} you can choose\nfrom 道, 路, 満(ち), 倫, 理, etc.; for [〇]{み}[〇]{ち}子, you can essentially choose\n[〇]{み} (美, 観, 見, etc.) and [〇]{ち} (知, 智, 千, etc.) separately.\n\nChoosing _kanji_ for a name can be very creative. Often, parents may also\nconsult a priest at a temple or shrine as there exists a complex system for\nfortune-telling, based on the total stroke counts of certain pairs or triples\nin the name, family name included.\n([Here](http://enamae.net/f/%E6%B5%9C%E6%9D%91__%E7%BE%8E%E6%99%BA%E5%AD%90#result)\nis an online calculator.)\n\nFor more common suffixes in given names, see [How can I tell if a Japanese\ngiven name is male or\nfemale?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44536/1628)",
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| 40457 | 40458 | 40474 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40461",
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"body": "> 私は食べている **間** に読みます。\n\nHow do I read it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T18:28:39.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40460",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "How do I read 間 in 食べている間に読みます?",
"view_count": 231
} | [
{
"body": "You read it as あいだ in this case.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T18:39:31.347",
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| 40460 | 40461 | 40461 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40477",
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"body": "の has a female connotation and I wanted to obtain some alternative final\nsentence particles.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T21:30:23.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-29T03:53:51.267",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"sentence-final-particles",
"gender"
],
"title": "What final sentence particle can replace の and is used more commonly by men?",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "From Japanese in MangaLand by Marc Bernabe:\n\nよ：a) to sound convining, b) to express an order or a wish\n\nさ: emphasizing effect like ね, but mainly in the area of Tokyo\n\nぞ： A particle only by men in informal-vulgar language, similar to よ to convey\ncertainty.\n\nぜ: similar to よ and ぞ, but a bit \"cooler\", mainly by young men",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-28T23:21:05.283",
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"body": "Colloquial language in females is sometimes characterized by dropping the\nsentence-final だ altogether to sound less forceful/direct. So the equivalent\nsentence-end for colloquial male language would be のだ, which regularly (almost\nalways) contracts to んだ in casual contexts.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-29T04:53:54.197",
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| 40462 | 40477 | 40477 |
{
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"body": "Both seem to indicate an extent of something, but how do they specifically\ndiffer?",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-29T00:57:43.023",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between ほど and まで?",
"view_count": 554
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{
"body": "〜ほど means \"about\", \"approximately\". Similar to 〜くらい. \n〜まで means \"until\", \"by\", \"till\", \"reach(まで[届]{とど}く)\", \"(from something) to\nsomething\".\n\nfrom (something) to (something) means 〜から〜まで\n\n## Examples\n\n> * それの長さは10メートルほど(=くらい)ある。\n> * Its length is approximately ten meters.\n> * 駅に3時までに着く。\n> * I arrive at the station by three o'clock.\n> * 僕は5時まで学校にいるね。\n> * I'll stay in school until five o'clock.\n> * それはここまである。\n> * It reaches here.\n>",
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| 40469 | null | 40475 |
{
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"body": "For example, I would like to say, \"Please wash the white and blue plates.\"\nMeaning that there are white plates and blue plates to be washed. (Not plates\nthat contain both the colors blue and white)\n\nI know you could say 白い皿と青い皿, but is there a way to express the same idea\nwithout having to repeat the noun (in this case 皿) and not sound unnatural?\n\nI wasn't sure if 白い皿と青い皿 could be expressed to something like 白いと青い皿。(Which\ndoesn't look right to me)\n\nMy attempt:白いか青い皿を洗いなさい。(This still sounds kinda strange to me)\n\nAnd to my understanding,\n\n白い青い皿＝Plates that are colored both white and blue\n\n白くて青い皿＝Same as above? Plates that are colored both white and blue? (I'm not\nsure if the くて gives a different meaning. I looked at\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30754/i-adjective-na-\nadjective-noun), but I'm still a little unsure.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to express two of the same object, but different colors?",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "白いと青い皿 is ungrammatical.\n\nYou can use くて to join two i-adjectives, and 白くて青い皿 means something like \"a\nwhite blue plates\", which is perhaps grammatical but a bit confusing. Anyway,\nit never means \"blue plates and white plates\" if you joined two i-adjectives\nlike this.\n\n白いか青い皿 is ungrammatical, but it's likely to be taken as the same as 白い、または青い皿\n(\"plates which are either blue or white\").\n\nI would suggest you say **白と青の皿** using the nouns to refer to colors. This is\nstill ambiguous between \"white-and-blue plates\" and \"white plates and blue\nplates\", but at least can safely refer to the latter.\n\n> 白と青の皿を洗って。赤いのはいいから。 \n> Wash white and blue plates. Forget red ones.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T02:55:22.203",
"id": "40472",
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}
]
| 40470 | 40472 | 40472 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40479",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've recently encountered words like 「いろいろ」which apparently counts as both a な\nand a の adjective.\n\nJust curious if there's some difference in meaning when one is used instead of\nthe other.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T03:40:06.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40473",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-29T23:06:00.493",
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-の",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "When a word is both a な and の adjective?",
"view_count": 196
} | [
{
"body": "According to the dictionary 色々(いろいろ) can be used as a noun (名詞), as a na-\nadjective (形容動詞), and even as an adverb (副詞). But the meaning is basically the\nsame.\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/15710/meaning/m0u/%E8%89%B2%E8%89%B2/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T05:56:16.243",
"id": "40479",
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| 40473 | 40479 | 40479 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40478",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "そんなことを言って. またいつもみたいに千春から抱きついたんでしょう?\n\nSo 千春 is a name (Chiharu) and the one who says this phrase is 千春 herself. What\ndoes the たん mean here ?\n\nFrom what I can translate it means\n\nYou’re saying stuff like that but you actually want me to embrace you like\nalways right ?\n\nIs たん the same as たく or たい (which meanig “to want” to do something)\n\nIn anime you often hear the phrase\n\n死にたくない (I don’t want to die)\n\nOr\n\n知りたい (I want to know)\n\nSo is たん some kind of slang thing ?\n\nAlso can the たん, たく , たい only be used after the MASU stem of a verb ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T04:45:46.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40476",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-29T05:53:17.260",
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is the たん in this phrase the same as たく or たい?",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "ん is a contraction of の.\n\n抱きついたんでしょう? \n抱きついたのでしょう?\n\nThis の is related to のだ. \nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 325: \nのだ: a sentence ending which indicates that the speaker is explaining or asking\nfor an explanation about some information shared with the hearer, or is\ntalking about something emotively, as if it were of common interest to the\nspeaker and the hearer.\n\nAlso can the たん, たく , たい only be used after the MASU stem of a verb? \nたん no, but たく and たい, yes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T05:49:16.027",
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| 40476 | 40478 | 40478 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40482",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a question regarding this kanji: . Is it the same kanji with this 發 or\n発?\n\n> The kanji of the Green dragon tiles in Japan is usually which is slightly\n> different from 發 since it includes the kanji 矢 instead of 殳.\" ([Wikipedia -\n> Japanese Mahjong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Mahjong)).\n\nOn last summer Japan trip, I was looking for some calligraphy stuffs near\nAsakusa, then I asked the Obasan to make me 發 word. She asked me whether that\nis 発 \"Hatsu\" because she said she doesn't know that word (發) exists in\nJapanese. But she did not tell me this kanji: .\n\nI know 發 word from Chinese 發財 and HK Mahjong.\n\nI hope native/Japanese expert could explain this to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T11:16:14.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40480",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"questions",
"word-requests",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Question About Kanji , 發, and 発",
"view_count": 562
} | [
{
"body": "發 is a old character form. 発 is a new character form. Japanese don't use 發 in\na normal life. I didn't know what the word ether. But, Japanese Mahjong\nplayers should know 發.\n\n<http://kanji.jitenon.jp/sp/kanjil/5749.html>\n\nI still can't write English well. I would be glad if I could help you even\njust a little.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-29T12:48:20.687",
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]
| 40480 | 40482 | 40482 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40491",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was watching one piece and came across with the title `シャンクス見参!` without\n`が`. I want to google it by myself the answer but I am not sure the proper\nkeyword so I ask about it here. would you tell me why there is no `が` in the\ntitle? if you have link reference about, I'd love to read it.\n\nAnd what's the meaning of it? the subtitle translate it as `shanks appears`.\nis that correct? but I tried google translate and it gave me worse translation\n`Shanks kenzan`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T11:23:15.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40481",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-30T00:26:49.763",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "シャンクス見参! why there is no が in that sentence?",
"view_count": 310
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's because it's an old-fashioned set phrase using old grammar.\n(Incidentally, it should be が if you dare to use any).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T14:15:25.333",
"id": "40483",
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{
"body": "I think it is because the omission of this が make a stronger impression on\npeople and shorten a sentence. So it is often used in titles.\n\nWhen I make シャンクス見参 a sentence, it become シャンクスが見参する(した) but it is a bit long\nas a title, so it become シャンクス見参 as less word as possible but not to change\nthe meaning.\n\nOther examples are ヒーロー登場, ジャックス参上, 首相辞任, 日本連勝 etc.\n\nA dictionary said 見参 means 目上の人が目下の者に会ってやること or 参上して目上の人に対面すること.シャンクス見参 means\nprobably \"Shanks came to see\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T15:18:23.347",
"id": "40485",
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},
{
"body": "Japanese often omits \"助詞\" (particles) from sentences.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 先生が言ってたよ！→ 先生、言ってたよ！\n>\n> このぬいぐるみが欲しい。→ このぬいぐるみ欲しい。\n\nIn your case:\n\n> シャンクスが見参した！→ シャンクス、見参！\n>\n> シャ ン ク ス / け ん ざ ん \n> sya n ku su (4 morae) / ke n za n (4 morae)\n\nThis tempo sounds good, natural and impressive, the first and second half\nhaving the same number of morae/syllables.\n\nMy English is not good. Please edit somebody! Bye!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T23:08:58.620",
"id": "40491",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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}
]
| 40481 | 40491 | 40491 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LRlQ9.jpg)\n\nHere is a photo of the knife I have had for 60 years.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T14:18:10.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40484",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T04:11:23.620",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-30T02:29:34.997",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18465",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "I have had this knife for over 60 years and I would like to know what these Kanji mean",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "If I can be brutally honest, this doesn't look authentic at all. My guess is\nthat this is a fake Japanese marking done by a westerner. The first letter is\n\"き\" and that's a hiragana letter, but the font is so cheap, childish, and\nunprofessional. The next letter is a made-up kanji, and the last symbol in the\nbox at the bottom is probably an imitation of a stamp.\n\nFor your reference, below is a real professional marking on a knife. You can\nclearly see the difference in quality and craftsmanship:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dzB04.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T04:11:23.620",
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| 40484 | null | 40641 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40495",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm working through translating となりのトトロ and I was doing ok until the Nanny\nstarts talking. Going through her sentences and translating them piece by\npiece is an exercise in extreme patience. I find her lines very confusing.\n\nIs she speaking in a particular dialect that I can reference?\n\nHere's an example sentence that confuses me:\n\n> ニコニコしとれば 悪さは しねえし いつの間にか いねくなっちまうんだ。\n\nWhich I've translated literally to say:\n\n> If smile wet, as for the bad things they will die and leave completely\n> before you notice, you see.\n\nSo, \"If you keep smiling the bad things will go away.\"\n\nBut the details escape me. What's up with the wet smile for instance?\n\n(It's about 15 minutes in, if you have the video...)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-29T21:54:48.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40490",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-08T13:30:22.063",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-08T13:30:22.063",
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"owner_user_id": "18344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"contractions",
"anime",
"role-language"
],
"title": "Any hints on how to translate the 'Nanny' in Totoro?",
"view_count": 353
} | [
{
"body": "> ニコニコしとれば 悪さは しねえし いつの間にか いねくなっちまうんだ。\n\nThis is the same as the following sentence written in the standard Japanese.\n\n> ニコニコ **していれば** 悪さは **しない** し、いつの間にか **いなく** なっ **てしまう** んだ。 \n> If you keep smiling, they won't do bad things, and they go away before you\n> notice.\n\nThe original sentence is not in a particular \"dialect\", but a typical role\nlanguage of an old man/lady (aka 老人語).\n\n * しとる is short for しておる, and おる is the same as いる in this context: \n * [what does てはいる in this sentence mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39006/5010)\n * [おる in honorific contexts](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26091/5010)\n * ない → ねえ, いなく → いねく: \n * [Changing of diphthongs at the end of words to え in exclamations](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29099/5010)\n * [What does the word 「ありゃしねえ」mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24037/5010)\n * てしまう → ちまう: \n * <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010>\n\n悪さをする is a set phrase meaning \"to do bad things\", \"to cause mischief\". The\nverb 死ぬ is not used here.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T03:08:14.103",
"id": "40495",
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}
]
| 40490 | 40495 | 40495 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40496",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "could you help me with this? I'm trying to say \"If we call each other, will we\nbe able to understand each other at all?\"\n\nso far I have come with this [僕らはお互いを電話すれば、お互いをわかりますかな?] What you guys think?\n\nI'm not really sure if that's the proper way to say it, and also not sure\nabout how to say \"at all\".\n\nありがとうございます！",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T00:59:13.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40492",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say each other on this sentence",
"view_count": 2047
} | [
{
"body": "I would put the line you quoted - If we call each other, will we be able to\nunderstand each other at all?\" in Japanese as;\n\n「お互いに（電話で）話し合ってみれば、兎に角解り合えるのではないでしょうか？」\n\nAs you know, in Japanese, particularly in spoken form,the subject (I, we,) is\noften dropped.\n\nIn addition, 「お互いを」電話すれば sounds awkward, and its repetion -\n「お互い」を電話すれば「お互い」を分かる is felt redundant.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T03:02:40.653",
"id": "40494",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-30T07:15:12.913",
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{
"body": "> 僕らはお互いを電話すれば、お互いをわかりますかな?\n\n * 僕らは is not necessary because it's safely inferred from the context.\n * Unlike _call_ , 電話する is not transitive. The particle you need here is に. Or you can just use お互い without any particle because it also works as an adverb.\n * ～ますかな is a very pompous way of asking a question. I hear this only in fiction, typically from noble people and stereotyped elderly gentlemen.\n * Neutrally saying ～ますか is not a good way to ask a question like this anyway, because you are expecting a positive response. (i.e., You want to say \"we do ... don't we?\" or \"Don't we ...\", not simply \"Do we ...\")\n * 分かる is rarely used transitively. Use ～が分かる isntead.\n * Try using [～あう](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=au) here. If you can use this the second お互い is redundant.\n * \"At all\" in a positive sentence can be translated as とにかく, ともかく, 何にせよ, etc.\n\nFixed version:\n\n> * 僕らはお互いに電話すれば、お互いが分かるのではないでしょうか。 (still a bit clumsy)\n> * お互いに電話すれば、とにかく分かり合えるのではないでしょうか。\n> * 何にせよ、お互い電話すれば、わかり合えるのでは？\n> * 電話で話しあえば、ともかくわかりあえるんじゃない？ (casual)\n>",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-30T03:33:39.527",
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}
]
| 40492 | 40496 | 40496 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40515",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In English I think there is a subtle difference between \"there's a possibility\nwe'll win\" and \"there's a possibility we can win\". I think the former implies\n\"if things keep going as they are now, we might win\" while the latter implies\n\"if we start trying extra extra hard (or do something else differently) we\nmight be able to win\".\n\nIs there a similar difference in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T04:06:41.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40497",
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"owner_user_id": "10407",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 勝つ可能性 and 勝てる可能性？",
"view_count": 227
} | [
{
"body": "Methinks you think too much. Each of the phrases means what it says, no more\nor no less: \"a possibility [we] will win\" and \"a possibility [we] can win\",\nrespectively (just like you said). I think it's best to leave it at that.\nThose implications that you suspect are inherent in each are in fact external\nand part of context.\n\nBoth 勝つ and 勝てる fit equally well in the following sentence :\n\n> このまま行けば、私たちが｛勝つ/勝てる｝可能性はある。 If things keep going as they are, there's a\n> possibility that we ｛will/can win｝.\n\nAnd so do they in this next one too:\n\n> 今よりもっともっと頑張れば、私たちが｛勝つ/勝てる｝可能性はある 。If we start trying extra extra hard,\n> there'll be a possibility that we ｛will/can win｝.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T17:17:56.710",
"id": "40501",
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},
{
"body": "Using potential form is not preferred when you have to be objective, for\nexample:\n\n> 機械学習を用いてAチームとBチームが勝つ可能性を統計学的に分析しました。 We employed machine learning technique\n> and statistically analyzed the possibility that Team A and Team B win.\n\n勝てる naturally carries a \"we wanna win\" overtone, so excited players would\nprobably use 勝てる可能性 a lot more often during a game. In a briefing before a\ngame, 勝てる is usually preferred, too, but 勝つ可能性 may be fine.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-31T02:22:33.263",
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| 40497 | 40515 | 40501 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40548",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The speaker has just decided what route to drive:\n\n> 「よし、次の交差点を渡ったら、右折して **路地の方を回っていきましょう** 」 \n> Right! When I cross the next junction I'll turn right and ???\n\nI don't understand the part in bold. Literally, I have something like:\n\n> I will keep turning through the direction of the lane. or, \n> I will turn through the direction of the lane and go.\n\nI can't understand what 'turn through a direction' 方を回る means. I'm also not\nsure what the function of いく is here. Hence my two alternatives.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T15:47:16.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40499",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Understanding ～の方を回っていく",
"view_count": 224
} | [
{
"body": "To complement the other answer, according to [this online japanese\nthesaurus](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%8F),\n回っていく can also have a meaning similar to \"to advance smoothly\" and \"things\nprogressing as well as/the way it was intended\", which is a bit less literal\nthan in that context.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T12:18:50.303",
"id": "40537",
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{
"body": "You've got the translation down almost.\n\nI'd go with\n\n> OK, once you've crossed at the next intersection, turn right and head in the\n> direction of the alley.\n\n方を回っていく means to \"go off in the direction of...\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T14:16:50.707",
"id": "40539",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T14:16:50.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4875",
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"score": -1
},
{
"body": "I don't feel the previous answers are correct. 回っていきましょう is used to generally\nrefer to an act of deliberately avoiding the shortest path, usually to arrive\nfaster etc (e.g. there is a traffic jam on the shortest path so you go through\nthe ally). It doesn't refer to any actual, physical change in bearing. For\nexample in the sentence you've given, you arrive immediately into the 路地 by\ndoing 右折. You don't make any additional turns.\n\nYou can see this in expressions like 急がば回れ. It just generally refers to the\nact of \"going around\" rather than literary turning to any direction.\n\nSo I would translate it as:\n\n> Right, once we cross the next junction, let's turn right and go through the\n> alley (rather than the main road)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T16:33:52.787",
"id": "40548",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 40499 | 40548 | 40548 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40518",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have two questions about the と quotation particle. One about it's omission\ntogether with connected verbs and the other about how it operates with the で\nparticle. I believe the bellow sentence contains an omission of と思う:\n\n> Original: 世間では警察も無能、Lも無能.\n>\n> My extension: 世間では警察も無能、Lも無能と思う\n\nThe translation I have reads\n\n> \"People think [society thinks] L and the police are incompetent\".\n\nI don't see how I could've gotten that from the original. The only thing I can\nthink of is that と思う is being omitted, because I don't see how the sentence\nmakes sense otherwise.\n\nIn addition, I'd like to know how exactly the で particle operate with the と\nparticle here, because I don't quite understand it.\n\nIf someone could clear this up that would be great :). Thanks!\n\n> [The context is that these are police officers and the superior is talking\n> about how \"L\" who is a character and the police are incompetent. The example\n> is from episode 10 of Death Note.]",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T16:25:23.293",
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"id": "40500",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18449",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と",
"particle-で",
"anime",
"quotes"
],
"title": "と quotation particle: Omission and the で particle",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "The omitted verb is a bit different from what you have in mind:\n\n> 世間では警察も無能、Lも無能 **と思われている** 。 \n> In the society, it is thought that both the police and L are incompetent.\n\nNote that I used the passive form here. The sentence is not saying \"society\nthinks ～\" with the society as the subject. で here is a simple location marker,\n\" _in_ the society\" (or \"in the public mind\").\n\nIf it were not for で, 世間 would work as the subject, so 思っている (non-passive)\nwould be the right omitted verb:\n\n> 世間は警察も無能、Lも無能 **と思っている** 。 \n> The society thinks that both the police and L are incompetent.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T03:20:47.927",
"id": "40518",
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"parent_id": "40500",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40500 | 40518 | 40518 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40506",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just saw this sentence in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/40470/how-to-express-\ntwo-of-the-same-object-but-different-colors):\n\n> 白と青の皿を洗って。赤いのはいいから。\n>\n> Wash white and blue plates. Forget red ones.\n\nI don't really understand why is から here. As far as I know, から is used to show\na reason or to say \"from XX\". However, the translation doesn't have any of the\nmeanings I listed.\n\nIf から here marks that 赤いのはいい is a reason for washing the white and blue\nplates, does that mean if the red plates are \"よくない\", the listener doesn't need\nto wash the blue and white plates? That makes little sense to me.\n\nIn other words, if I remove the から, the sentence still carries the same\nmeaning, right? But that raises another question, can I just add から to\nwhatever sentence I want and its meaning won't change? Surely not, right?\n\nI also see a lot of sentences that ends in けど. けど usually means \"but\" and it\nshows a contradiction. But sometimes I see it attached to random sentences in\nanime. And according to the translations, there isn't a contradiction. So can\nI attach けど as well to any sentence and its meaning won't change?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T17:57:30.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40502",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "Why is から and けど used just about everywhere?",
"view_count": 415
} | [
{
"body": "Think of いいから as idiomatic, meaning something close to \"nevermind\". Nevermind\nthe red ones. You cannot remove the から and preserve the meaning.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T18:59:23.030",
"id": "40505",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-30T18:59:23.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7391",
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"score": 2
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{
"body": "In your example sentence, we have a case where English is more _context_\ndependent than Japanese. We usually see it the other way around such as in a\nsentence like\n\n> りんごをたべた。\n\nThe reader fills in the \"who\" of the matter: whether it's \"I\" or \"you\" or\nsomeone else.\n\nBut, in a situation like:\n\n> Wash the white and blue dishes. The red ones are fine.\n\nboth languages are leaving out the part which says,\n\n> You don't have to wash the red dishes.\n\nSome people will parse the following\n\n> 白と青の皿を洗って。赤いのはいいから。\n\nas\n\n> Wash the white and blue dish. Because the red one's a fine, [you don't have\n> to wash them.]\n\nBut for me, that doesn't help you to see why the Japanese insists on putting\nから there. It doesn't help you understand when you yourself should be adding\nsuch a から at the end of your sentence. The above snippet just provides a way\nfor seeing how to make sense of the sentence after the fact of hearing. In a\nway it misrepresents Japanese as omitting something when, in fact, in English\nexactly the same thing is being omitted. In this case, it's English that's\nbeing more context dependent here than Japanese because English is not\nannouncing, as the Japanese is, that an explanation has just been provided.\n\nJust about any time something functions as an explanation in Japanese, it will\nbe followed by から or の. To my way of seeing, it's better to view the dialogue\nas having a different portion omitted.\n\n> Wash the white and blue dishes. [Why only the white and blue dishes?\n> Because] the red one's are fine.\n\nIn this case, you can clearly see how it's English that is omitting something:\nthe \"because\".\n\nThis approach doesn't work for every such instance of a trailing から or の. For\nexample, if someone is pestering you to do something and you're getting tired\nof being pestered, the following would work fine in Japanese...\n\n> もういいんだよ\n\nIt's a bit more idiomatic and such expressions are easy to pick up on a case\nby case basis.\n\nBut for the sort of examples I'm referring to, find some [Ted\ntalks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBumdOWWMhY) in Japanese. You'll hear\nplenty of からです and んです. The speaker's providing an explanation for what\nthey've just said in a manner where in English we'd just have the blunt\nsentence and leave it to the listener to gather that it's an explanation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T20:48:23.243",
"id": "40506",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 3
}
]
| 40502 | 40506 | 40506 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40513",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the best way to address a group of people younger than yourself, that\nis more emphatic about the age difference than みなさん？When I say address, I mean\npersonally, not like \"I wish those young people would stay off my lawn,\" but\n\"Young people, welcome to the conference!\"\n\nIs 若者 an okay choice? Does your social closeness to the group affect which\nnoun you would choose?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-30T18:40:06.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40503",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T02:05:34.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7378",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Referring to a group of young people",
"view_count": 618
} | [
{
"body": "\"若者!\" is not used to publicly address young people. It's possible to add [the\nvocative particle よ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13823/5010) and say\n\"若者よ!\" to address them, but this would sound very stiff, old-fashioned and\ngrandiose, like war propaganda in the 1940's. You would probably end up making\nthem laugh.\n\n若いみなさん is a good phrase to refer to young people in front of you in a speech.\nIt sounds polite and friendly at the same time. Still, using this to address\nthem would not sound very natural unless you have a good reason to do so. The\nmost common and safest choice is to say just みなさん.\n\n> * 若いみなさんには、もっと新聞を読んで欲しいと思います。 : OK\n> * 若いみなさん、もっと新聞を読みましょう！ : OK if \"young\" is important in the context\n> * 若いみなさん、カンファランスにようこそ！ : A bit funny when 若い is used suddenly\n> * みなさん、カンファランスにようこそ！ : Always safe\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T02:05:34.930",
"id": "40513",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
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"score": 2
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| 40503 | 40513 | 40513 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I wonder if it is too formal to use the kanji for such a common expression\nlike this. However, I like to write most Japanese words with kanji since I\nwrite college documents.\n\nAdditionally, what do you think about using kanji this way in video subtitles?\nSince I speak, if a rare kanji appears, I would pronounce it right away, thus,\nwhat do you Japanese speakers think about it?\n\nI also write あなた as 貴方 so much and many others. Is it too hard?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T00:40:12.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40510",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T22:03:25.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18481",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography",
"hiragana",
"furigana",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Should I write 此方 or こちら?",
"view_count": 484
} | [
{
"body": "Writing something with kanji doesn't necessarily make the document more\n\"college worthy\". I'll just say that in all the years I have been here, I\nprobably never saw 此方 written as such. But I have seen 貴方 quite a few times.\nThere is no easy way to know what word are commonly used in kana or kanji\nother than read a lot in Japanese and get used to it.\n\nIf no one can read the word you write, you might get the exact opposite result\nthat expected by using it.\n\nFor example, Lemon (レモン) can be wrote 檸檬 but seriously, the amount of people\nwho know that or can read/write that word are very few. \nSame goes for spider(クモ)(蜘蛛)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T02:06:22.040",
"id": "40514",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T02:06:22.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40510",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "For any word at all, you should write it the way you've been seeing it in your\nreading material. If you try to get fancy with kanji, you should have a good\nreason for it based in what you've read so far and your own common sense. If\nall you're reading so far is your Japanese textbook, then there you go.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T02:23:03.427",
"id": "40516",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T02:23:03.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "583",
"parent_id": "40510",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Unless you're writing your questions from some time in the past, the answer is\nthat you should _not_ write こちら using kanji.\n\nThis can be seen by going to any monolingual dictionary. For instance,\n[goo](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/79806/meaning/m0u/) marks the kanji as\nfollows:\n\n> こち‐ら【×此▽方】\n\nThe x means that the kanji is not in the joyo. The down triangle means that\nthis should not be written this way. Or to say that another way,\n\n 1. in proper* contemporary orthography, 此の etc are never written using that kanji.\n 2. in proper contemporary orthography, ちら should not be written with 方 \n\nThat said, I think anyone could read it, but no one really writes it.\n\nComparatively, if you look at entries for 貴方, there are no so much markings\nindicating it should not be written in kanji.\n\n * Proper here means officially sanctioned by the government -- where there are some common uses of kanji that are not, I've never seen anything normal from the post-war period written this way (non-native speaker though).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T03:13:01.940",
"id": "40517",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T03:13:01.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4091",
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},
{
"body": "Here on Japan we used to write 此方 as formal and there is nothing wrong with\nformal, i like it and assume respect, but the real thing is, there is no wrong\nor right answer for this.\n\nA lot of times to save time to write when there are complicated Kanji or too\nmany kanjis on a sentence we just write in hiragana to save time. (not in case\nif we are writing a letter to president or high levels of course).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T22:03:25.753",
"id": "40555",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18489",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 40510 | null | 40514 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40520",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Consider the following\n\n> 彼女は私ほど自分のことを好きじゃない。\n\nMy attempt is as follows\n\n * A: She does not love herself as much as I love myself.\n\n * B: She does not love herself as much as she loves me.\n\n * C: She does not love herself as much as I love her.\n\n * D: She does not love me as much as I love myself.\n\n * E: She does not love me as much as I love her.\n\nWhich is the correct translation?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T00:50:40.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40511",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T04:35:52.167",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 彼女は私ほど自分のことを好きじゃない mean?",
"view_count": 1012
} | [
{
"body": "Seems like it can be interpreted in 2-3 ways, but the way I understood it\nafter my first read was.\n\n> She doesn't love herself as much as I love her.\n\nAfter reading the sentence like a 100 more times, I came to believe that by\nreading between the lines a little.\n\n> She does not love me as much as I love her.\n\nCould also be quite possible. It also seems like the most probable thing you\nmight wanna say to someone.(comparing how much one loves oneself is kinda\nweird no?).\n\nEither way, they all feel somewhat possible to some degree. Just a little\ncontext could change everything. Not sure where you got that sentence though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T01:52:48.290",
"id": "40512",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T04:54:49.333",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T04:54:49.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "18142",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Sentences A-D are all possible interpretations, but practically it's either A\nor C. Without any context, I personally feel the likelihood is as follows: `A\n> C >> B ≒ D >> E ≒ 0`\n\nI feel E is nearly impossible because 自分 is referring to different two people\nwhich are not \"herself\" nor \"myself\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T04:57:02.797",
"id": "40520",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T04:57:02.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "Let me correct your sentence first, it should have been\" 彼女は私ほど自分のこと **が**\n好きじゃない。\". \"好き”is an adjective in japanese ,so you have to use\" **が** before\nit. my answers are A and B, it can be understood in both ways",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T15:58:36.400",
"id": "40545",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T15:58:36.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18490",
"parent_id": "40511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
}
]
| 40511 | 40520 | 40520 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40522",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "皆さんこんばんは！\n\nBeen trying to translate bits and pieces of one of my short stories into\nJapanese. Having decided that it would be fun to translate one of my more\nJapanese themed ones.\n\nOne problem I've encountered is this, my story is a fantasy tale in which a\nGreek-like pantheon of gods are worshipped at shrines, however I've been\nhaving trouble in picking a word to describe said shrines with, as Japanese\nhas a lot, and a lot of them exclusively refer to Shinto.\n\nJust wondering what a good word to use would be.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T04:39:51.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40519",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T05:30:14.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Describing a shrine, just not a Shinto shrine?",
"view_count": 802
} | [
{
"body": "This might be your best bet. But it hold the meaning of temple a little bit\nmore than shrine.\n\n> 神殿\n\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E7%A5%9E%E6%AE%BF-53619>\n\nIf not good enough, then maybe you could go with.\n\n> 宮",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T05:03:15.447",
"id": "40522",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40519",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "In addition to 神殿 mentioned by stack reader, which is the one most commonly\nused in the Greek context you asked about, all of these can also mean shrine:\n\n * 殿堂{でんどう} - a large building\n * 社{やしろ} - usually a small structure\n * 聖堂{せいどう} - a building like a cathedral\n * ○○廟{びょう} - a place of remembrance for or the dwelling of a spirit or dead person\n * 霊屋{たまや} - a building to house the spirits of the dead\n\n<http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/shrine>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T05:30:14.530",
"id": "40526",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T05:30:14.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "40519",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40519 | 40522 | 40522 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40524",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What is the difference between 始める{はじめる} (hajimeru) and 始まる{はじまる} (hajimaru)?\n\nWould appreciate some advice on this.\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T05:00:27.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40521",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T06:28:20.293",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T06:28:20.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"words",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Can someone help explain the difference between Hajimeru and Hajimaru?",
"view_count": 34456
} | [
{
"body": "* 始める : transitive\n\n> 会議 **を** 始めましょう! Let's start the meeting!\n\n * 始まる : intransitive\n\n> 会議 **が** 始まりました。The meeting has begun.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T05:15:12.580",
"id": "40523",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T05:15:12.580",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"parent_id": "40521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "In a nutshell, both _hajimeru_ and _hajimaru_ mean \"to start\".\n\nMore specifically, _hajim **e** ru_ is transitive -- \"to start _something_ \".\nMeanwhile, _hajim **a** ru_ is intransitive -- it cannot take an object, so \"\n_something_ starts (on its own)\".\n\nThere are several verb pairs like this, all with _-m **e** ru_ / _-m **a** ru_\nendings: _hirom **e** ru_ \"to widen something\" vs. _hirom **a** ru_ \"something\nwidens (on its own)\"; _katam **e** ru_ \"to harden something\" vs. _katam **a**\nru_ \"something hardens on its own\"; _osam **e** ru_ \"to quell something, to\nput something under control\" vs. _osam **a** ru_ \"something quells, something\nbecomes under control\", etc. etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T05:17:56.257",
"id": "40524",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T05:17:56.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "40521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
},
{
"body": "One is transitive (has an object), the other one is intransitive (doesn't have\nan object).\n\n * 始める - to begin **_(something)_**\n * 始まる - to begin\n\n> 今日新しいダイエットを **始めた** 。 \n> - I **started** _a new diet_ today.\n>\n> 新しいダイエットは今日から **始まる** 。 \n> - My new diet **starts** today.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T05:19:14.860",
"id": "40525",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T06:11:55.280",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T06:11:55.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "40521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 40521 | 40524 | 40524 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40529",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of 三共 Sankyō in some Japanese companies names?\n\n * Sankyo Denki (now named Sanden)\n * Daiichi Sankyo\n * Sankyo flutes ...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T08:58:54.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40527",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T11:13:16.560",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T11:13:16.560",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "4304",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"names",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of Sankyo in Japanese companies names",
"view_count": 1632
} | [
{
"body": "Many companies have 三共 in their names. Of course the most famous one is\n[第一三共株式会社 (Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd)](http://www.daiichisankyo.com/), and this\ncan be the only company name with 三共 which is recognized nationwide. But other\nlarge and small companies called 三共 exist; for example, [this\n株式会社三共](http://www.sankyo-fever.co.jp/corporate/company/history.html) is\napparently irrelevant to 第一三共, and there seems to be dozens of small 三共商店 in\nJapan.\n\nGenerally speaking, proper nouns are proper nouns, and have no known\n\"meanings\". However 三共 happens to have a known meaning. The kanji 三 means\n_three_ , and 共 means _cooperation_. Put together, 三共 has the meaning similar\nto _trinity_ or _triad_. The name of 三共 was used when a company was started by\nthree capital providers. In Daiichi Sankyo's case, the three founders were\n[Matasaku\nShiobara](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%88%E7%AD%96),\nShōtaro Nishimura, and Genjirō Fukui. Apparently this was a common naming\nconvention around 100 years ago. It may be somewhat similar to English \"...\nand Bros.\" or \"... and Associates\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T10:18:18.043",
"id": "40529",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T10:28:37.657",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T10:28:37.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40527",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 40527 | 40529 | 40529 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40531",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is a 街開き? I know that 街 can mean \"town\" and 開き means \"opening\", so it\nmeans something like \"town opening\", but what is it exactly?\n\nNeither jisho.org nor weblio had an entry.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T09:37:04.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40528",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-02T09:02:49.087",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T09:54:47.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "91",
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the definition of a 街開き?",
"view_count": 299
} | [
{
"body": "街開き is not very common, but it's actually _town opening_. It's used when a\nnewly developed town (or district, or large apartment building) is made\navailable to the public use. It also refers to an opening ceremony.\n\nSee:\n\n * [「開成町みなみ」街開き式](http://kanagawa.itot.jp/kaisei/231)\n * [変わる東京。今後注目したい新しい「街開き」](https://www.athome.co.jp/contents/trend/071/)\n * [分譲住宅地でなぜ「街びらき」イベントが行われたのか](https://allabout.co.jp/gm/gc/455869/)\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT** While 街開き is not common, it's instantly understandable to native\nspeakers because we have similar ～開き words:\n\n * [海開き](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%B5%B7%E9%96%8B%E3%81%8D)\n * [プール開き](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%83%97%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E9%96%8B%E3%81%8D)\n * [山開き](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%B1%B1%E9%96%8B%E3%81%8D)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T10:41:56.030",
"id": "40531",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-02T09:02:49.087",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-02T09:02:49.087",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40528",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 40528 | 40531 | 40531 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40551",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have learned about two uses of から which is for \"from\" and for \"because\". But\nfor using of から for \"because\" that is warning that you have to use だから for Na\nadjective and unconjugated verb because it will be mistaken for から for \"from\".\nWhat I want to ask is how you use から to mean \"from\" for other than Na\nadjective and unconjugated verb (I adjective and verbal clause) without it\nbeing mistaken for から which means \"because\"?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T11:15:55.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40532",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T21:41:29.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18491",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Use of から which means \"from\", for i-adjective",
"view_count": 508
} | [
{
"body": "から in the sense of _\"from\"_ must follow a noun or nominal phrase, or a verb in\nthe conjunctive _‑ te_ form. It simply doesn't make sense to put から after an\nadjective to mean _\"from\"_ + `[ADJECTIVE]`, much as it doesn't make sense in\nEnglish to put _\"from\"_ before an adjective: for instance, _\"from happy\"_ or\n_\"from reddish\"_ or _\"from sour\"_ , these are all just gibberish.\n\n**Note:** The comments under the question introduce some confusion, by\nsuggesting that turning an _‑ i_ adjective into a _‑ ku_ adverb allows one to\nadd から in the \"from\" sense. This is a mistake, as the example phrase _tōku\nkara_ is an exception.\n\nBoth 遠く ( _tōku_ ) and 近く ( _chikaku_ ) are special. These are composed as\nadverbs (the averbial _‑ ku_ forms of regular adjectives ending in _‑ i_), but\nthey have also **lexicalized** (see\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicalization)): that is, in\ncertain contexts, they act instead as standalone words of their own with\ndifferent grammatical rules. Specifically, depending on context, these two\nwords change from adverbs to nouns: 遠く means both _\"distantly\"_ as an adverb,\nand _\"a far-away location\"_ as a noun; 近く means both _\"nearly, closely\"_ as an\nadverb, and _\"a nearby location\"_ as a noun. Thus, 遠くから ( _tōku kara_ )\nequates grammatically to `[NOUN]` + から ( _\"from\"_ ).\n\nUsing から ( _\"from\"_ ) after other _‑ ku_ adverbs does not work. For instance,\n*良くから ( _yoku kara_ , \" _from well\"_ ), *美しくから ( _utsukushiku kara_ , _\"from\nbeautifully\"_ ), *赤くから ( _akaku kara_ , _\"from redly\"_ ) are all incorrect,\nand make about as much sense in Japanese as they do in English.\n\n_( **PS:** If this does not fully answer your question, please rephrase.)_",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T21:41:29.907",
"id": "40551",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T21:41:29.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "40532",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 40532 | 40551 | 40551 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihGfOC6H4ow> so in this video on Youtube, the\ntitle uses \"世界に\", yet the thumbnail uses 世界的に. What is the difference, why\ncouldn't they simply say \"世界に有名Youtuber\" (they didn't use a な(!)?). Any\nexplanation would be appreciated, thanks :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T11:21:16.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40533",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-01T13:48:14.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11397",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "世界に vs 世界的に, when to use?",
"view_count": 176
} | [
{
"body": "世界的に means internationally. \n世界に means in the world.\n\n世界的に有名 = famous worldwide/internationally \n世界に有名 = famous in the world.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T11:28:33.683",
"id": "40534",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T11:28:33.683",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40533",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "First, 世界に有名 is ungrammatical. It should be 世界で有名 as others say.\n\nに as in 世界に注目されている denotes the agent of passive voice, in short, it means\n（日本のYoutuber）who is stared **by** the world.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T16:15:52.763",
"id": "40547",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T16:15:52.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "40533",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "世界的に means \"world-famous\", \"international\". 世界に means \"in the world\".\n\nFor example:\n\n> それは世界に一つしかない。 That is only one in this world. \n> 彼は世界的なYoutuberだ。 \n> He is famous youtuber in the world. 世界に有名 isn't natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-01T13:48:14.943",
"id": "40566",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-01T13:48:14.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "40533",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 40533 | null | 40547 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40536",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Today I saw this sentence from [this\npage](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass):\n\n> その部長は、よく長時間働かせる。\n\nAfter chopping the sentence up, I found out that it means something around the\nlines of:\n\n> That manager makes people work for very long periods of time.\n\nBut I could not understand why よく is there. So I scrolled down to look at the\nEnglish translation, but that said nothing about why よく is here.\n\nFrom my knowledge, よく is the adverb form of 良い (いい), which means \"good\".\n\nBut it does not make sense to use \"well\" or anything like that to describe the\naction of making people work for a long time! Who wants to work for long\nhours! How is it \"good\"?\n\nWhy exactly is よく used here? Is it something related to the causative form?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T11:47:22.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40535",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T15:43:16.553",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T14:24:58.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adverbs",
"causation"
],
"title": "What does よく mean in よく長時間働かせる?",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "You should note that the adverb\n[_よく_](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%88%E3%81%8F) has many meanings that\ninclude\n\n> often, frequently.\n\nIt doesn't always mean\n\n> nicely, well, skillfully, etc.\n\nIt all depends on context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T11:58:02.667",
"id": "40536",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T11:58:02.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12259",
"parent_id": "40535",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "it means \"That manager **often** makes people work for very long periods of\ntime\" よく in this sentence means \"often\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T15:43:16.553",
"id": "40544",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T15:43:16.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18490",
"parent_id": "40535",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40535 | 40536 | 40536 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40542",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm trying to have a program I'm working on translate a report with \"Yes\" and\n\"No\" as possible answers to various yes/no questions (of forms like \"Is X\nequal to Y,\" \"Does A exist for B,\" etc). While the existing phrase bank\nproperly renders \"Yes\" as 「はい」, it has \"No\" stored as 「なし」 rather than the\n「いいえ」 I would have expected. I know that a common way to answer a question in\nthe negative is to just say the negative form of the question's verb, but is\nthat what's going on here?\n\nIs いいえ the only appropriate (and sufficiently generic) answer available, or is\nなし also appropriate?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T14:26:36.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40540",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T21:57:54.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9877",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"questions"
],
"title": "Can なし be used in response to a binary question?",
"view_count": 1094
} | [
{
"body": "**The pair はい/なし is highly strange to me**. はい/いいえ is better.\n\nThe possible way to use なし as an answer is where the question is of ～ありますか？\n(\"do you have ...\") form. In this case, あり/なし is also fine.\n\nFor example, one may see a question and answer options like below on a health\ncheck sheet:\n\n> 入院したことはありますか？\n>\n> あり（3ヶ月以内） / あり（1年以内） / あり（それ以上前） / なし",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T15:10:15.240",
"id": "40542",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T15:16:36.593",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T15:16:36.593",
"last_editor_user_id": "17890",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "40540",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "\"Is X equal to Y\" can be replied with はい and いいえ\n\n\"Does A exist for B\" can be replied with はい or いいえ, or あり or なし.\n\nあり・なし deals with existence, they can be roughly translated as:\n\n * あり - there is\n * なし - there is not\n\n> Is いいえ the only appropriate (and sufficiently generic) answer available, or\n> is なし also appropriate?\n\nIt depends on the nature of the question; if it deals with existence or not.\n**Just because はい is used does not preclude なし from being able to respond to a\nquestion.** Even though はい and なし are not a dichotomous pair.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T15:15:58.687",
"id": "40543",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-31T15:22:43.163",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-31T15:22:43.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "542",
"parent_id": "40540",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40540 | 40542 | 40542 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Once again I have some examples from a Death Note episode [10].\n\nThe main character says:\n\n> しかしおどろいたよ流河{りゅうが}。親睦{しんぼく}を深{ふか}める為{ため}に、突然{とつぜん}テニスなんて。[Note, Ryuuga is a\n> character's name, the one he's speaking to here.]\n\nLater the same character, thinking to himself:\n\n> アイツのこのテニスでプロファイルなんてするわけがない。\n\nI think I grasp the overall meaning of these sentences, but would like to\nunderstand how なんて operates in them and how it connects to the other verbs,\nspecifically する and ある in the second quote and the omission of a verb in the\nsecond sentence of the first quote. I would also like to understand what なんて\nmeans generally, as dictionary entries haven't really helped me figure it out.\n\nHow I understand the quotes:\n\n> 1. I was surprised, Ryuuga, that you asked me to play tennis so that we\n> can get to know each other better.\n> 2. He will not be able to profile me with this game of tennis!\n>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-31T17:24:06.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40549",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-07T04:05:31.063",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T03:06:01.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "18449",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"anime"
],
"title": "What does なんて mean in these sentences?",
"view_count": 4599
} | [
{
"body": "なんて can means \"such as\" in some sentences, or \"like that\" from the context.\n\nAnd also remember thar we japanese also use it for suprise interjection, but\nthis is not the case.\n\nSome other examples:\n\n * はい、今度はこれね！これとこれの組み合わせなんて超いけてるかも\n\n * 「なんて言ってるの？」「祝詞も知らないのか？」「祝詞？」「神道の呪文のようなもん。」",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-31T21:49:30.210",
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"body": "なんて has two meanings in Japanese which function as two different parts of\nspeech,\n\n 1. to express surprise on the part on the speaker at some event that they are commenting on. This form usually occurs at the beginning of a sentence, but not always. Usually this is translated in the sense of \"He's **so** fast\", or \" **What/such** a fast runner!\".\n\n 2. to modify a phrase by giving it the sense of \"like that...\", or \"such as...\". The connotation is to diminish the significance of the preceding clause, or imbue a sense of vagueness. This meaning is derived from 等 [など]. Both of your examples fall into this category.\n\n> しかしおどろいたよ流河。親睦を深める為に、突然 **テニスなんて** 。 \n> But I was surprised, Ryuuga. You suddenly asked me to play **tennis of all\n> things** in order to deepen our friendship\n>\n> アイツのこのテニスでプロファイルなんてするわけがない。 \n> There's no way he'll be able **to do something like profile** me by playing\n> tennis like this.\n\nIt's hard to tell without context, but I assume/vaguely remember that Light\nwas trying to figure out why L asked him to play tennis. Which is why he used\nなんて, in the sense of \"if he's not profiling me, then what is his goal?\"\n\nThanks to Chocolate for setting me straight on the two distinct uses of なんて.",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-04T18:23:28.167",
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"body": "I think in the examples you provided なんて is an expression of disbelief or\nsurprise. It is another way to say なんと, which I believe you can find more\neasily in a dictionary.\n\nSo you could translate it this way...\n\n> しかしおどろいたよ流河。親睦を[深]{ふか}める[為]{ため}に、[突然]{とつぜん}テニスなんて。\n>\n> But I was surprised Ryuga; I can't believe (you would take up) tennis to get\n> closer to (me).",
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"creation_date": "2019-02-04T20:55:45.350",
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| 40549 | null | 65286 |
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"body": "In trying to understand Kenji Miyazawa's \"風の又三郎\" I have come across a\ndiscrepancy in one line where the number of students per class is counted.\n\nOn [Aozora Bunko](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000081/files/462_15405.html):\nI see this:\n\n```\n\n すっかりやすみの前のとおりだとみんなが思いながら六年生は一人、五年生は七人、四年生は六人、一二年生は十二人、組ごとに一列に縦にならびました。\n 二年は八人、一年生は四人前へならえをしてならんだのです。\n \n```\n\nAt first I thought this was a bit odd because of the part \"一二年生は\", but when I\ninterpreted this to mean \"1st or 2nd graders\", the total 12 matches up with\nthe numbers in the second line above (8+4).\n\nHowever, in [this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fj3f9cBxFqo&t=625s)\nrelatively recent analysis of the work (starting around 13:20 in the video),\nthe line is actually read as \"三年生は\", and this is specifically pointed out as a\n(possibly purposeful) mistake because it conflicts with the early part of the\nstory that says there are no third graders.\n\nI assume one of them is a typo or someone mis-reading a hand-written\nmanuscript, but I don't know what the \"real\" original text was. Supposedly the\nauthor did many revisions so it isn't likely there would be accidental errors\nin his work.\n\nCan someone please tell me if they know what the correct line is here? If you\ndon't know anything about the story, if you can tell me if the line I quoted\nabove looks correct, or if it is strange to write \"一二年生は\". I have seen that\nusage commonly (ex: ”彼は１１,１２歳\" and I am not sure if that is the intention\nhere).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-31T21:08:51.473",
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"tags": [
"usage",
"literature"
],
"title": "Confusion when counting students per grade in 風の又三郎",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "It seems to be 三年生 in the original text. Someone may edit it as 一二年生 because\n三年生 is probably the author\"s error as Mr. Takeda said. And 一、二年生 would be more\nnatural if it is edited.\n\nThis link may help you. <http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/accent/kazeno/origin.htm>",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-01T04:02:55.267",
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| 40550 | null | 40559 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40561",
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"body": "Trying to use interrogative words in nested (indirect ?) questions has been\ntroublesome for me.\n\nFirst came things like:\n\n> 先生が何を言ったか知らない\n\nWhich I guess means \"I don´t know what the teacher said\". So far, so good.\n\nHowever, I have been looking into using と for quotations, or for reporting to\na whole phrase.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 彼はこれは何だと言ったか\n\nWhich I think means \"What did he say this is ?\"\n\nBut what if I just wanted to know if he said this is something or not, like:\n\"Did he say this is something, or didn´t he say it ?\"\n\nWould it be something like this ? (below)\n\n> 彼は「これは何か」と言ったかどうか?\n\nLastly, if I wanted to say \"Do you remember what he said this is ?\", would it\nbe:\n\n> 彼はこれは何だと言ったか覚えていますか?\n\nIf there is anything wrong with my guessed meanings, please let me know...",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"questions",
"particle-か",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "Indirect questions nested inside phrases",
"view_count": 227
} | [
{
"body": "What you guess is totally good but one:\n\n> Did he say this is something, or didn't he say it ?\"\n>\n> 彼は「これは何か」と言ったかどうか?\n\nThis Japanese sentence may be received as \"Did he ask what this is?\"\n\nI think it is hard to exactly express it, but my best answer is:\n\n> 彼はこれを何かだと言ったか？\n\nThe point is だ after 何か. Here 何かだ is expected to be received as \"being\nsomething\", but not somewhat \"being what\".\n\nOf course there is a better way to do almost the same, if you don't stick to\nsay it literally. For example:\n\n> 彼はこれについて何か言ってましたか。",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-01T01:56:34.390",
"id": "40558",
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"body": "彼はこれは何だと言ったか is not a complete sentence but a clause that's embedded in a\nsentence like 彼は（自分が）これは何だと言ったか覚えていなかった：\"He didn't remember what he said it\nwas\".\n\n\"Did he say this is something, or didn´t he say it ?\" is expressed as あの人、これ\nが(/を) 何（か）だとか言ってた？ それとも言ってなかった？（or …言ってませんでしたか？） or so. Using 言っていた instead of\n言った is another point. (This is difficult to explain, though)\n\n彼は「これは何か」と言ったかどうか is not a complete sentence either, but a clause as in \"He\ndidn't remember **if** he said \"what's this\" **or not** \".\n\n彼はこれは何だと言ったか覚えていますか? more likely means \"Does he remember what I/you/he said\nthis is?\" than \"Do you remember what he said this is?\". If you want to make it\nclear, the latter should be 彼 **が** これ は(/が) 何だと言ったか覚えていますか.",
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| 40553 | 40561 | 40561 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across these two sentences, and I'm having trouble deciding whether\nthese 「と」s are conditional, or quotation particles, or otherwise. If they are\nquotation, I do not understand which verb follows them to make it obvious that\nthey are quotation, and if they are conditional I'm not sure where they go in\nthe English translation, or how they make sense in the original Japanese.\n\n> 1. ずっと我慢してきたが、この状態だと⻭医者さんに⾏かざるを得ない。 I tolerated it all this time but in\n> this situation, I can't not go to the dentist.\n>\n> 2. 上司の話を聞くと、どうしても海外に出張をせざるを得ないようです。 Hearing the story from the boss, it\n> seems like I can't not go on a business trip overseas no matter what.\n>\n>\n\nIs there an easy way to differentiate between conditional and quotation 「と」,\nother than quotation 「と」 being followed by obvious verbs such as 「思う」, 「考える」,\n「言う」, etc.?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-31T22:48:30.273",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Usage of 「と」 in these 2 sentences, conditional or quotation? And how to differentiate",
"view_count": 220
} | [
{
"body": "You can think of it like this:\n\nThe basic idea of と particle is \"A then B\". As quotation is a kind of\nexception, **it is rare that quotation 「と」 doesn't come with such verbs as 言う\netc** , though some fixed phrases might not.\n\nAs for your sentences, both follows the idea of \"A then B\".\n\n1: Conditional -- but it might be the same as 2.\n\n2: See 2-5 of [this dictionary\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154670/meaning/m1u/%E3%81%A8/):\n\n> ５ 次の話題の前提となる意を表す。「気象庁の発表による―、この夏は雨が少ないとのことだ」",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-01T01:42:27.567",
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| 40556 | 40557 | 40557 |
{
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"body": "The lines are taken from a visual novel and the translation as well\n\nExample 1\n\n> 逃れるつもり ? \n> 逃れる? 違うな世界の終焉までに時間をくれてやろうというのだ \n> What are you running away? \n> Run? No. I'm simply giving you time to enjoy until the end of the world\n\nExample 2\n\n> でも彼らたちに悪感情もってくれたのは好都合かもしれないよね \n> It might be good that we left them with such a bad taste in their mouth\n\nExample 3\n\n> 許さんぞ \n> そこに直れ. 成敗してくれる \n> I'll never forgive you \n> Prepare yourself \n> I will defeat you today\n\nSo くれる is supposed to be used when someone is doing something for the speaker.\nWhen you're doing something for someone else you're supposed to use あげる. So\nwhy is is that here くれる is used? Does it have to do with the perspective?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-01T08:09:59.317",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Why is くれる used here and not あげる",
"view_count": 599
} | [
{
"body": "You need to note that the verb _くれる_ is not always used when someone else does\nsomething to the speaker. It is rare though but it could be used when the\nspeaker does something to someone else, especially when it is combined with やる\n(to do, to undertake). For example:\n\n> そんな[物]{もの}、[呉]{く}れてやれ. (Literally and imperative) Give such a thing (to\n> someone else)\n>\n> [乞食]{こじき}に[銭]{ぜに}を[呉]{く}れてやる. (Literally) (I) give a small money (coin) to a\n> beggar.\n\nWhen you use _くれる_ with やる, it sounds a little belittling and pejorative.\n\nAlso, you should note that _くれる_ is a non-honorific form of\n[[下]{くだ}さる](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%95%E3%81%84).\n\nWhen to use くれる in place of あげる is not very easy to understand. But you should\nnote that it is not common and it has a belittling and pejorative connotation.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-01T10:13:21.647",
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| 40560 | 40562 | 40562 |
{
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"body": "I tried looking up in dictionaries but ～ないことには is not listed, neither in the\nentry for こと nor in the entry about ない.\n\nExemples:\n\n> 一度会って見ないことには、彼にこの仕事を任せられるかどうかわからない。 \n> 一度会って見なければ、彼にこの仕事を任せられるかどうかわからない。\n\nIs there any difference in usage, formality or nuances?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-01T10:55:36.633",
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "How does ～ないことには and ～なければ differ?",
"view_count": 515
} | [
{
"body": "In Seiichi Makino's and Michio Tsutsui's _A dictionary of advanced Japanese\ngrammar_ (DAJG) , it seems that ないことには can replace なければ only in negative\npredicates.\n\nFor your example I have bolded the negative part of the predicate:\n\n> * 一度会ってみないことには、彼にこの仕事を任せられるかどうか **わからない** 。 \n> Unless you meet him, you **will not know** whether or not to entrust this\n> job to him.\n>\n> * 一度会ってみなければ、彼にこの仕事を任せられるかどうか **わからない** 。 \n> If you do not meet him, you **will not know** whether or not to entrust\n> this job to him.\n>\n>\n\nNow let's try to change the sentence a little:\n\n> * 今日会えないことには、インタビューは後日に変更する。* \n> *denotes unacceptability\n>\n> * 今日会えなければ、インタビューは後日に変更する。 \n> If you do not meet him today, I will reschedule the interview.\n>\n> * （あなたが）会わないことには、私が会うから大丈夫です。* \n> *denotes unacceptability\n>\n> * （あなたが）会わなければ、私が会うから大丈夫です。 \n> If you do not meet him, I will so it will be okay.\n>\n>\n\nDAJG says that the main predicate has to either be explicitly negative\n(conjugated to negative), or use implicitly negative words like 無理だ, 不可能だ in\norder to use ないことには.\n\n> * 勉強しないことには、試験の合格は無理です。\n> * 勉強しないことには、試験の合格は不可能です。\n> * 勉強しないことには、試験の合格は難しいです。\n>\n\nなければ however may take on both positive and negative predicates.\n\n* * *\n\nReferences:\n\n * Makino, S., & Tsutsui, M. (2008). _A dictionary of advanced Japanese grammar_. pg. 303-305 entry for _nai koto ni wa_",
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| 40563 | 40565 | 40565 |
{
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"body": "Teacher has just calmed down the class:\n\n> ...が、すぐにまたみんな **口を開かずにはいられなかった** 。 \n> but immediately, again everyone _couldn't enter_ without opening their\n> mouth.\n\nI can't understand the phrase in bold. I'm not even sure whether it's\n\n> 1) (口を開かずに)(は)(いられなかった) or \n> 2) (口を開かずに)(はいられなかった)\n\nI'm guessing that it's the first parsing and it's something like \"Couldn't\nkeep their mouths shut\"/\"Couldn't help but talk\" etc. But if this is the case\nI can't understand how the grammar works. Could someone please break down the\ngrammar and possibly give some other examples?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-01T16:59:23.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Parsing and meaning of 口を開かずにはいられなかった",
"view_count": 119
} | [
{
"body": "You are right, this means:\n\n> But, suddenly they could not help but open their mouths.\n\n\"open their mouths\" might be translated as \"talk\" but since it is context\ndependent I prefer to stick to the literal meaning.\n\n* * *\n\nThe grammar pattern at hand is: ～ずにはいられない・～ないではいられない and as you surmised it\nmeans \"cannot help ~\". It is used only when you can't help something because\nof your emotions or your passion for something. Basically it describes\nsomething that you end up doing out of your control. Thus, you can almost\nsafely understand it as ～てしまう.\n\n> おかしくて笑わないでいられない。 \n> It is so weird that I could not refrain but to laugh.\n\n\n\n> 彼女は和菓子が大好きなだけあって、和菓子屋の前を通ると何かを買わずにはいられない。 \n> As we could expect from a big fan of Japanese candies, whenever she passes\n> past a Japanese candies store, she can't resist her temptation to buy one.",
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| 40568 | 40569 | 40569 |
{
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"body": "According to my dictionary, both 混ぜる and かき混ぜる mean \"to mix\" or \"to stir\". But\nwhat is the difference between the two? Unfortunately, the dictionary does not\nprovide any additional information and I couldn't make out any difference in\nthe example sentences I looked at.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-01T22:04:18.230",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
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"title": "What is the difference between 混ぜる and かき混ぜる?",
"view_count": 362
} | [
{
"body": "かき混ぜる = to stir\n\n混ぜる = to mix\n\n* * *\n\nAccording to [HiNative](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/163980):\n\nかき混ぜる refers to sticking something hard and stick-like into something else and\nspinning it around (e.g. using a spoon to mix dough) whereas 混ぜる can be used\nin a more broad sense which encompasses mixing by other methods as well (e.g.\nshaking).\n\n混ぜる can be used in all places かき混ぜる is used but not the other way around. Also\nnote that 混ぜる can also have the meaning of \"invite me\" or \"include me\" to an\nouting/event.\n\n> 明日パーティー行くの？僕も混ぜて！！！\n>\n> You're going to a party tomorrow? Can I come!!!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-01T22:59:19.487",
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"score": 6
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]
| 40573 | 40574 | 40574 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40577",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Shall we treat [物の怪]{もののけ} (a kind of ghost) as animate or inanimate? Does it\nvary for the different ghosts?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-01T23:00:51.337",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"animacy"
],
"title": "Is it いる or ある with 物の怪? (Are ghosts animate or inanimate?)",
"view_count": 185
} | [
{
"body": "If you do a google search for 幽霊{ゆうれい} and ある you will find many hits with\n\"いる” instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-01T23:06:28.977",
"id": "40576",
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{
"body": "We can say \"物の怪がいる\", we don't use ある at all with 物の怪, 幽霊, 妖怪, お化け, and so on.\nSo I guess we treat them as animate.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-02T01:45:51.823",
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| 40575 | 40577 | 40577 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40583",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know 「ついで」like in 「〜るついでに」, but don't know what to make of it in this\ncontext:\n\nあと何年かしたらきっとついでのチョコになっちゃうんだろうけどね。\n\nThe context is of a girl getting some Valetine's Day Chocolate.\n\nI would think of it as \"Only some more years and you'll eventually turn into a\n??? chocolate\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T06:04:15.177",
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"owner_user_id": "14391",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "「ついでの」in this context",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "> あと何年かしたらきっとついでのチョコになっちゃうんだろうけどね。 \n> Several years from now, this chocolate will be \"ついでの\" chocolate, though.\n\nついでのチョコ roughly means \"chocolate prepared since she was preparing chocolate\nfor someone else\", \"chocolate not made for the primary purpose\", etc. This\nsentence means that, several years later, the girl would be preparing\nchocolate mainly for someone else whom she loves, and preparing chocolate for\nher elder sister only as the secondary purpose.\n\nSee: [Difference between ついでに and たびに in the following\nexample](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29286/5010)\n\nIn Japanese Valentine's day culture, there is something called 本命チョコ and\n義理チョコ.\n\n[Valentine's Day, Japan: A How-to\nGuide](https://www.tofugu.com/japan/valentines-day-japan/)\n\n> ### GIRI-CHOCOLATE (義理チョコ)\n>\n> Giri-Chocolate means “obligatory chocolate.” This kind of chocolate refers\n> to the chocolate you have to give to people (who aren’t really people you\n> love). These could be people like bosses, coworkers, male friends, etc.\n>\n> ### HONMEI-CHOCOLATE (本命チョコ)\n>\n> Honmei-Chocolate means “favorite chocolate.” This kind of chocolate is the\n> kind of chocolate you give to the one you want to express your love to.\n> These chocolates tend to be more expensive or possibly even home made.\n\nSo the friend is saying the girls is making 本命チョコ for her sister for now, but\nit would be 義理チョコ in the near future.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-02T08:21:31.290",
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| 40579 | 40583 | 40583 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40584",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I read some examination papers, I often found the following instruction.\n\n> 次の文の（ ）に入れるのに最もよいものを、１・２・３・４から一つ選びなさい。\n\nMy question is\n\n 1. Can I rephrase the instruction above as follows?\n\n> 次の文の（ ）に入れるのに、１、２、３、４からの最もよいものの一つを選びなさい。\n\n 2. Which is the correct format in Japanese for a list of number 1, 2, 3, 4?\n\n> A: １・２・３・４\n\nor\n\n> B: １，２，３，４",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-02T06:55:18.710",
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"id": "40581",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the correct way to say \"Please select the best one from the available options\"?",
"view_count": 1617
} | [
{
"body": "1. 最もよいものの一つ is inappropriate. It would mean \"one of the best\", and implies there are more than one choice that can fit the blank. One has to \"select the best one\", not \"select one of the best\".\n\n 2. Whichever is fine as long as you use punctuation marks consistently throughout your manuscript.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 40581 | 40584 | 40584 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40587",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the lyric of イノコリ先生, there is a phrase that surprised me. It goes like :\n手を上げられないです。does this mean です can come after verb? such as 来られるです. What if the\nverb is polite? Should you add です or not? 来られます。来られますです(?). What is the\ndifference between 来られるです and 来られます? Does it is restricted only for potential\nform verbs?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-02T08:05:29.013",
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"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Can you add です after a plain form of a verb?",
"view_count": 3023
} | [
{
"body": "To add です after a verb is incorrect. You must use ます after them. So 来られるです and\n来るです are incorrect. 来られます is natural and れる,られる means not only \"potential\" but\nalso \"respect\", \"passive\", and \"spontaneous\".\n\nAnd if you change a verb to a honorific word, the verb become polite. For\nexample, いらっしやる is a honorific word of 来る.\n\nIn addition, ない in 手を上げられないです isn't a verb but a verbal auxiliary which means\nnegative. Some verbal auxiliaries before です doesn't grammatically seem to be\ncorrect in a precise sense but they are commonly used. And you can rephrase it\nas 手を上げられません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T09:06:02.000",
"id": "40585",
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{
"body": "The short answer:\n\nYou can think of です as performing several funcitons. Being a polite form of\nthe copula だ, or being an auxiliary polite helper verb.\n\nです as a politeness helper verb:\n\n * No you cannot say 来られるです. The polite present form of the verb is 来られます. \n**You can only append です as a politeness helper for い-adjectives, so 来ないです is\nfine because ～ない is syntactically a い-adjective**.\n\nWhen it is not a polite helper, you only see です when it is **needed to express\npast tense** in 来られません **でした**. Politeness is already accounted for by the\nhelper verb ます. In the present tense you do not say 来られますです.\n\n* * *\n\nThe long answer is to look at the conjugation rules of verbs and of\nい-adjectives.\n\nFor **verbs** , their politeness conjugation uses the helper verb ます. The\nconjugation scheme is as follows: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/e2S6T.png)\n\nYou may be slightly confused with the い-adjective conjugation scheme, which\ncan use です as its politeness helper highlighted in yellow below:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AERdP.png)\n\nAs a result you see that there are two negative polite forms. So for example\nyou can have 暑くないです・暑くありません and their past forms 暑くなかったです・暑くありませんでした where we\nnote that でした accounts for past tense and ません has already accounted for\npoliteness in 暑くありませんでした.\n\nNow to complete the earlier table for verbs, we note that **ない is\nsyntactically a い-adjective** and obeys the conjugation rules for\nい-adjectives. So now for **verbs** we have:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/b5nkx.png)\n\nThis is why you see 上げられないです, but you cannot get 来られますです or 来られるです.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-02T09:55:20.600",
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| 40582 | 40587 | 40587 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40588",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The source in where I studied told me that you mark the object of potential\nform with が particle instead of を particle because potential form is just a\nstate, no actual action is taken. It specifically told me that を can be used\nbut が is better. I know how to make sentences where I'm the subject. 山が登れない :\nI can't climb the mountain. 彼が言っていることが聞こえない : I can't hear what he is saying.\nBut what if I want to say \"He can't eat apples\" or \"Alice can't go to school\"\nor even \"Bob can't kill Tanaka\". With が、を、は I could be mistaken in saying\n\"Tanaka can't kill Bob\" instead of \"Bob can't kill Tanaka\". Can が also denote\nthe subject or only the object?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T09:44:01.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40586",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T14:36:21.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "How to denote the object and the subject of potential form verbs clearly?",
"view_count": 308
} | [
{
"body": "The particle you are looking for is に.\n\n * [Use of に in 「私には本物の若殿様がわかります」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24955/5010)\n * [Why say \"〜、皆には出来る。\" instead of \" 〜、皆は出来る。\" in this context?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36481/5010)\n\n> He can't eat apples. \n> ≒ 彼はりんごを食べられない。 \n> ≒ 彼にりんごは食べられない。\n>\n> Bob can't kill Tanaka. \n> ≒ ボブは田中を殺せない。 \n> ≒ ボブに田中は殺せない。\n>\n> He can't climb this mountain. \n> ≒ 彼はこの山を登れない。 \n> ≒ 彼にこの山は登れない。\n>\n> the reason why he can't climb this mountain \n> ≒ 彼がこの山を登れない理由 \n> ≒ 彼にこの山が登れない理由\n>\n> He can't hear what I am saying. \n> ≒ 彼に私が言っていることは聞こえない。 \n> ≒ 彼に私の言っていることは聞こえない。 ([ga-no\n> conversion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/5010))\n>\n> Alice can't go to school. \n> アリスは学校に行けない。 \n> (You cannot say アリスに学校に行けない. Probably because there is already に?)\n\n(Different words are topicalized using は, but I don't know which is\n\"better\"...)\n\n_EDIT: changed the fifth example above for consistency._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T11:57:39.093",
"id": "40588",
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}
]
| 40586 | 40588 | 40588 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40603",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 私は勝負日の前日は大抵眠れません。遠足前の何とやらです。気が弱いです。\n\nAccording to Kenkyusha dictionary, 何とやら means `etc.` or `and so on`. Could it\nmean `same` here? My attempt:\n\n> I can hardly sleep the day before a competition. The same goes for\n> excursions. It's that I am fainthearted.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T13:31:11.203",
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"id": "40589",
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 何とやら in this sentence",
"view_count": 419
} | [
{
"body": "何とやら is used here for vaguely mentioning something, like 何とかかんとか and so on. It\nis used especially for avoiding fully stating something.\n\nHere, 遠足前の何とやら points to an episode that 遠足前は興奮して眠れない (We get excited and\ncan't sleep well before excursions). The speaker may be intentionally\nshortening it by using 何とやら for some reason.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T14:09:49.317",
"id": "40591",
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},
{
"body": "何とやら is a placeholder (like \"you-know-what(/who)\", or\n\"what's-his(/her/its)-name\"), used in place of names you can't remember, or\nwords and phrases you don't want to mention explicitly.\n\nNotably it has a distinct use as a replacement for a part (often the latter\npart) of established expressions, like proverbs and idioms. （Examples:\n「ちりも積もれば何とやら (for 山となる)」, 「枯れ木も山の何とやら (for 賑わい)」, 「触らぬ神に何とやら (for 祟りなし)」. I\nthink the reason for its employment, most of the time, is the psychology \"The\nless said of a cliche, the better,\" rather than economy, forgetfulness, or\npolite euphemism.)\n\nIn this case the idiom (of sorts) they had in mind was probably \"遠足前の小学生\", a\nvariation of the more accurate \"遠足前日の小学生\" - \"a grade school kid on the eve of\na field trip\" - used for when you are too excited about the next day's event\nto go to sleep. (Or less likely \"遠足前(日)症候群\", which refers to the same thing.)\n\nMy translation effort:\n\n> \"I can rarely sleep the day before a competition - the proverbial kid on the\n> eve of a field trip. I'm weak-nerved.\"",
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| 40589 | 40603 | 40591 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40592",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the song [Brand New World](http://www.lyrical-nonsense.com/lyrics/shiena-\nnishizawa/brand-new-world/) by Shiena Nishizawa, this part\n\n> 泣き叫んで 顔を出した 弱さの化身も\n>\n> 全て込めて解き放て Brand-new World\n\nWas translated as\n\n> Even the incarnation of weakness, showing its face with a scream – I'll\n> release everything right here and now: A Brand-new World!\n\n 1. What is 「込めて」 doing here?\n 2. Where does \"right here and now\" come from?\n\nI checked [込める](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B) and\n[解き放つ](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%8D%E6%94%BE%E3%81%A4) on\nJisho.org and didn't find anything that would explain this usage.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-02T13:32:21.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "7494",
"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「全て込めて解き放て」 in this song (\"Brand New World\" by Shiena Nishizawa)",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "1. The first (or second) definition on jisho.org applies. 込める here is to charge, or to put energy into some container. Imagine something like a [元気玉](http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Spirit_Bomb), to which you can put negative emotions until it bursts.\n\n 2. It's a free translation, and \"right here and now\" comes from nowhere. Literally, the sentence is only saying \"Charge everything (that I mentioned in the previous line) and release it\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T14:38:34.770",
"id": "40592",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 40590 | 40592 | 40592 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40595",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From [this\npage](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/verb_sequences), I see\nthis sentence:\n\n> **Note** : Be careful of the tense of the verb that comes before 「前」 and\n> 「後」. 「前」 is non-past while 「後」 is always past tense.\n\nI am confused because it is quite weird to disallow the usage of non-past\ntense before 後. What if I'm talking about the things that I will do tomorrow?\nFor example, which should I use if I want to say \"I will go to school after I\nhave breakfast tomorrow\"?\n\n> 明日は、朝ご飯を食べ **た** 後、学校に行く。\n>\n> 明日は、朝ご飯を食べ **る** 後、学校に行く。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T16:57:00.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40594",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-02T18:32:03.020",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Must I use past tense before 後?",
"view_count": 768
} | [
{
"body": "This た doesn't mean \"past\" but \"completion\". It isn't unnatural that た which\nmeans \"completion\" is used in things in the future.\n\nSo 明日は、朝ご飯を食べた後、学校に行く is correct.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-02T17:11:30.650",
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}
]
| 40594 | 40595 | 40595 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence is\n\n> というのは、スプーンのことをやまと言葉では「かい」といいます。\n\nI understand the general meaning, but can't get these two things:\n\n 1. the meaning of というのは in the beginning;\n 2. why を is used in \n\n> スプーンのことを\n\nCould anyone help me please?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T18:02:20.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40596",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T04:38:46.667",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18519",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does というのは、[...]のことを mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 291
} | [
{
"body": "\"というのは\" means \"This is because.\" There should be another sentence before this.\n\n\"を\" is used in the pattern of \"AをBという\", which means \"we call A B.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T23:39:24.230",
"id": "40602",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T04:38:46.667",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-03T04:38:46.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "18522",
"owner_user_id": "18522",
"parent_id": "40596",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40596 | null | 40602 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40601",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the famous story 風の又三郎, the sound どう is used to describe the wind in\nseveral places, including the song in the intro.\n\nOne such place is:\n\n> 青ぞらで風がどうと鳴り、日光は運動場いっぱいでした\n\nI did some research, and it seems that 「どう」 is not a normal way to express the\nsound of wind in Japanese. I have heard that Mr. Miyazawa is \"a master of\nonomatopoeia\" so I guess he made this expression up himself.\n\nHowever, no matter how I think about it I cannot seem to match any sound of\nwind I have heard before with \"doh\".\n\nHow to Japanese people interpret this? Is this supposed to be the sound of\nsomething slapping against something else due to the strong wind?\n\nIf it was \"dooooooh\" I might understand it as a blowing sound, but it is\nalways short, especially in the introduction song, which I have heard read\nvery quickly in readings. So it seems more percussive than blowing.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T20:30:40.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40597",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-02T23:03:53.287",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-02T22:27:26.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia",
"literature"
],
"title": "The wind sound \"どう\" in 風の又三郎",
"view_count": 553
} | [
{
"body": "Like ごう, which is also sometimes used for strong winds, I think どう may\nrepresent the lower frequency sounds caused by strong winds.\n\nThe higher frequency sounds would be びゅうびゅう or ひゅうひゅう etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T23:03:53.287",
"id": "40601",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-02T23:03:53.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "40597",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40597 | 40601 | 40601 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40620",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When we want to expresss that something is in progress, we can use the\nprogressive form:\n\n> 勉強している\n>\n> studying\n\nBut another way of expressing a progressing action is by adding 中 to the noun:\n\n> 仕事中\n>\n> working\n\nI want to know the difference between these two. Can I say 勉強中 or 仕事している to\nachieve the same meaning? If I can't, is there a pattern to this? I mean like\nwhat kind of nouns can I add 中 to?\n\nI know that 勉強している is a verb while 仕事中 is an adverb but I don't care about the\npart of speech. I'm only considering it as a standalone word right now.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T20:42:13.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40598",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-21T02:52:30.980",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 〜ている and 〜中?",
"view_count": 2301
} | [
{
"body": "You can say 勉強中 or 仕事している. When the Japanese say a short phrase like 勉強している,\nit's frequently shortened as 勉強してる in a colloquial manner. Therefore, 仕事してる is\nmore natural than 仕事している when you are asked by someone on a phone, etc.\n\n○○中 is a very productive way to coin new words. 食事中, 旅行中, and 入院中 are a few\nexamples of very common expressions of this type.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T01:29:04.237",
"id": "40608",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-21T02:52:30.980",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-21T02:52:30.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18522",
"parent_id": "40598",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "To me, there is no big difference between 勉強しています and 勉強中です. It is just\npersonal preference. [中]{ちゅう} can create idioms when combined with other nouns\nsuch as [工事中]{こうじちゅう} which means _under construction / repair_ and you should\nnote that it is a noun, not an adverb.\n\n[中]{ちゅう} means _middle_. If you are in the middle of something, you are doing\nsomething. Therefore, 私は勉強中です is translated to\n\n> I am in the middle of studying. / I am studying.\n\nIf you use [中]{ちゅう}, you can make the sentence more concise, but you have to\nnote that it can't be used with all Japanese nouns.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T15:31:51.847",
"id": "40620",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T15:31:51.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12259",
"parent_id": "40598",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 40598 | 40620 | 40620 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40621",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Japanese you sometimes refer to people by name, even when talking directly\nto them.\n\nJust curious if someone could give me a few examples of what this looks like\nwhen used in a conversation, as I've struggled to find any good examples.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T21:01:33.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40599",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T21:49:02.040",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-03T16:06:00.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"names"
],
"title": "When to refer or address someone with their name",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "You can think of using a person's name to address them as the standard usage\nin Japanese.\n\n**Example**\n\n> 母親：「今から買い物に出かけるけど、太郎も来る？」 \n> 息子（太郎）：「うん、行く。」\n>\n> _Rōmaji_ \n> Hahaoya: \"Ima kara kaimono ni dekakeru kedo, Tarō mo kuru?\" \n> Musuko (Tarō): \"Un, iku.\" \n>\n>\n> _English translation_ \n> Mom: \"I'm going shopping. Would you like to come too?\" \n> Son (Taro): \"Sure. I'd like to go.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T15:51:09.863",
"id": "40621",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T16:37:01.037",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-03T16:37:01.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18532",
"parent_id": "40599",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Suppose two girls, 美樹 and 理恵, are intimate friends.\n\n美樹：私は友哉くんのことが好きだな。理恵は? \n理恵：私は祐希くんがちょっと気になるな。\n\nMiki: I like Tomoya . How about you? \nRie : I found Yuki something special.\n\nif 美樹 says あなたは? insted of 理恵は?, it sounds quite unfriendly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T21:49:02.040",
"id": "40629",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T21:49:02.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18522",
"parent_id": "40599",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40599 | 40621 | 40621 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40606",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’m trying to understand the use of the と particle in the bellow quoted\npassage.\n\nI understand the sentences overall, but am lacking a complete understanding\nthat would be provided by understanding the use of the と particle.\n\nHere is the passage [I've highlighted the とs that are causing me difficulty.].\nIt is an excerpt from Death Note [anime] episode 10*:\n\n> L : キラは負けず嫌いだが、キラでなく **と** も試合に勝ちたいと思うのが大多数だ \n> Light: ムキになって勝ち抜く **と** キラっぽい…か？だからと言ってわざと負ければ、ムキになって勝ち抜く **と**\n> キラっぽいと思われるからわざと負けるところがまだキラっぽい…だろ\n\nThe troublesome とs:\n\n> ...キラでなく **と** も...抜く **と** キラっぽい... [the second one appears twice in the\n> same sentence constellation]\n\nSpecifically, I don’t know if と being used as the natural consequences\nconditional or in one of its other uses linking up nouns with verbs, e.g.\n友達と会う. I think what’s causing me trouble in differentiating the two uses in\ngeneral is that I don’t really understand how 友達と会う is different from\nsomething like 友達にあう. Also, how, if at all, does the first と interact with the\nも?\n\nIf someone could clear up these queries, that would be awesome. Many thanks!\n\n*Note on context:\n\n> The characters are successively thinking to themselves about how to outsmart\n> the other. The context is that they’re playing tennis, and thinking about\n> how Light's behavior [he is suspected to be the killer] would affect his\n> appearing like Kira. \"Kira\" [キラ] is the serial killer using the magic\n> eponymous \"Death Note\" of the series to kill many people. Light is Kira and\n> obviously knows this, so is considering how to outmaneuver L, who is on his\n> trail.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-02T23:00:36.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40600",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T01:04:57.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18449",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-と",
"particle-も",
"anime"
],
"title": "How is the と particle being used here?",
"view_count": 180
} | [
{
"body": "The first one is not と+も but the particle とも. It is combined with preceding\nない, then it becomes なくとも. This means \"even if it is not (Kira).\" なくとも is used\nonly in writing. It's same as なくても, which is more common form.\n\n<http://www.japanese-edu.org.hk/sympo/schedule/Abstr/Abst071.html>\n\nと in 勝ち抜くと is used as the natural consequences conditional. It's same as\n雨が降ると雪が解けます.\n\n友達と会う and 友達にあう are same in most cases. The difference is, if I have to bring\nup one, 友達と会う means you and your friend are supposed to meet and 友達にあう means\nyour friend doesn't know you are coming.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T00:59:19.663",
"id": "40606",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T01:04:57.797",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-03T01:04:57.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "18522",
"owner_user_id": "18522",
"parent_id": "40600",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 40600 | 40606 | 40606 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40607",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am not sure whether or not attaching furigana changes the nuance of\npoliteness. My question:\n\n> Is it rude to **always** attach furigana to every Kanji used in letters\n> directed to superiors?\n\nNote: the superiors are Japanese native speakers.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T00:48:48.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40604",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T02:19:31.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"furigana"
],
"title": "Is it rude to always attach furigana to every Kanji used in letters directed to superiors?",
"view_count": 253
} | [
{
"body": "If I did so, yes, it would be very rude, because I am a native Japanese\nspeaker who is supposed to be able to use fluent business Japanese. They might\nthink I did so because I wanted to treat them as a small kid.\n\nIf you did so, and if the receiver knows you are not a native Japanese\nspeaker, they probably wouldn't feel offended. But it would look very weird\nanyway. After all, no one has ever received such a letter.\n\nA letter full of furigana is not just unnecessary; its complicated appearance\ncan even prevent us from reading smoothly. If you know some of your kanji\nusages are very difficult, only use furigana for those words. If you feel some\nof your kanji usages may cause confusion and don't have time to ask here, just\nreplace those words with hiragana. If you are worried about the fact that\n[some words have two or more\nreadings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20997/5010) (eg 人気【にんき】 and\n人気【ひとけ】), don't worry, Japanese native readers are good enough to handle such\nsituations almost unconsciously.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T01:28:39.253",
"id": "40607",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T02:19:31.580",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40604",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 40604 | 40607 | 40607 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40611",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does みてえじゃ in this sentence mean ?\n\n> 困ってるみてえじゃねえか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T01:37:29.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40609",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T05:32:47.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"title": "What does みてえじゃ in this sentence mean?",
"view_count": 721
} | [
{
"body": "みてえじゃねえか is an unrefined expression of みたいじゃないか. It is frequently used in an\nironic sense, so be careful to read the context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T01:46:13.967",
"id": "40610",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T05:32:47.130",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-04T05:32:47.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "18522",
"parent_id": "40609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "It's just another example of the `ai`-to-`ee` sound change found mainly in\ndialectal or male speech, which is described\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/99/5010) and\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/13073/5010).\n\n困ってるみてえじゃねえか is the same as 困ってるみたいじゃないか.\n\nIn case you don't know みたい, see\n[this](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=mitai).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T01:48:26.190",
"id": "40611",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T01:48:26.190",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 40609 | 40611 | 40611 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40614",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: the author is telling she cut her hair in a way she didn't like\nbefore an important event. Then she says this:\n\n> 思い出に残る写真をいっぱい撮るんだから本当なら無難に行きたい所... それなのに何故！！\n\nI know 無難に means `safely`/`without fault`/`innocuously`, but does it have a\nparticular meaning when used with 行く?\n\nMy (bad) attempt: \"Since I take a lot of unforgettable pictures, if that is\ntrue I want to go safely (?)... Why did this happen?!\"\n\nSource: <https://i.stack.imgur.com/hZ4L5.jpg> (the letter on the left, near\nthe end)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T02:25:11.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40612",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T04:20:56.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of 無難に行く",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "無難に行く and 無難にやる are set phrases that mean \"to play it safe\", \"to take the safe\npath\" etc. Let's memorize them as is. In this case, it just says she wanted an\nordinary hair style. (I don't know why she hates\n[前髪ぱっつん](https://www.rankingshare.jp/rank/ipuhzyclwm) that strongly, though)\n\nBTW this\n[本当なら](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%93%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89)\nmeans 本来なら/本来は (\"under normal circumstances\", \"usually\").",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T02:35:44.070",
"id": "40614",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T04:20:56.190",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-03T04:20:56.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40612",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40612 | 40614 | 40614 |
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