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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How do you translate the \"nan\" in \"kore wa nan desu ka\" from rōmaji to kanji?\n\nIs \"これわなんですか\" correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T14:32:58.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40617",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-03T16:28:20.103",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"questions"
],
"title": "\"nan\" in \"kore wa nan desu ka\"",
"view_count": 27044
} | [
{
"body": "何 can be read _nan_ or _nani_ and it means \"what\".\n\n\"kore wa\" means \"this\" and \"desuka\" indicates a question.\n\nSo \"kore wa nan desu ka\" basically means \"What is this?\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T14:36:33.550",
"id": "40618",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-03T15:48:06.167",
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{
"body": "First of all, the writing system you are refering to is `hiragana`. Not\n`kanji`. And no, it would not be これわなんですか。\n\nThe correct way to write it would be this:\n\nこれはなんですか。\n\nThe only real difference here is that the は character, pronounced \"ha\"\nnormally, is being used as a subject particle in this sentence. So is\ntherefore pronounced \"wa\" and written as \"wa\" in Romaji.\n\nAnother example is the word こんにちは (konnichiwa) which uses the \"ha\" character\nas a \"wa\", but in this case is not a subject marker.\n\nSeperated into seperate words, your sentence is this:\n\nHiragana: これ は なん です か\n\nRomaji:....kore....wa...nan....desu....ka\n\nEnglish:....This...*.......what....is**....***\n\nSo your sentence literally means: What is this?\n\nIf you are looking for `kanji` and not `hiragana`, then the correct symbol\nwould be this:\n\nこれは何ですか。\n\n*: wa being used as the subject particle.\n\n**: です(desu) does not always mean \"is\"\n\n***: ka is a question marker, making the sentence a question.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T00:35:16.000",
"id": "40634",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T14:13:12.073",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-04T14:13:12.073",
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},
{
"body": "In hiragana, これはなんですか。なん is 何 in kanji. \n\"何\" You can read nani, nan. that means **what**. \n\"korewa 〜 desuka\" means **Is this**. (If Japanese sentence has desuka, it is\nQuestion)\n\nAnyway, \"kore wa nandeska\" means **What's this?**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T13:09:11.433",
"id": "40650",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-05T22:57:44.350",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-05T22:57:44.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "14627",
"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "40617",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40617 | null | 40634 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40628",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to [the entry in\njisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%8A%9C%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B) regarding the\nverb 「抜ける」, it is an **intransitive verb**.\n\nNow, in the song\n[Departure](http://www.animelyrics.com/anime/hxh2011/departure.jis) by\nMasatoshi Ono, we can see this:\n\n> You just try again\n>\n> 闇を抜けて\n\nSuggesting that it can be also used as a transitive verb. Is this true? Or is\nthe song \"wrong\", from a purely grammatical point of view? In this case, what\nwould be the correct (grammatical) way of saying \"escape from the darkness\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T16:12:16.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40622",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T20:15:09.347",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"particle-を",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Is 「闇を抜けて」 grammatical?",
"view_count": 185
} | [
{
"body": "Notably, 出{で}る is also \"intransitive\" and can take を -- 部屋{へや}を出{で}た → \"I left\nthe room.\" :)\n\n### The grammar, and important related concepts\n\nThe key difference to think about with Japanese \"intransitives\" is the\n自{じ}動{どう}詞{し} categorization in Japanese grammars -- this term literally means\n\"self-moving word\", and it indicates _not_ verbs that never take objects, but\nrather verbs where the action is happening to / by / on the subject.\n\n\"Transitives\" in Japanese are described as 他{た}動{どう}詞{し}, or \"other-moving\nword\", where the action is happening to / by / on the object.\n\nI put \"intransitive\" and \"transitive\" in quotes here, because the grammatical\ndistinctions described by the English and Japanese terms aren't perfect\nmatches. The English terms \"intransitive\" and \"transitive\" are often used more\nto describe the **syntax** -- whether an object follows the verb, regardless\nof whether the action of the verb actually does anything to that object. If I\nsay \"I ate,\" many (most?) English grammarians would say that \"ate\" here is\n_intransitive_ , because there is no object after the verb in the syntax of\nthis specific sentence.\n\nMeanwhile, the Japanese terms 自{じ}動{どう}詞{し} and 他{た}動{どう}詞{し} are generally\nused to describe the **semantics** -- whether the action of the verb does\nanything to another object, or only to the subject. If I say 私{わたし}は食{た}べた,\nJapanese grammarians would say that 食{た}べた here is a 他{た}動{どう}詞{し}, because\nthe action of the verb inherently implies an object -- when one \"eats\", one\neats _something_ , even if that something is left unstated.\n\n### The verb 抜{ぬ}ける\n\nMy copy of Shogakukan's big 国語大辞典 gives the main sense of 抜ける as:\n\n> 突き破って向こう側へ出る。 \n> Breaking out and exiting to the other side.\n\nThe action of \"exiting\" is something that is happening to / by the subject.\nThe を describes the thing being exited, and technically marks an object, but\nagain the object is _not_ being acted upon with this verb. In English, the\nthing being exited _would_ be described as the \"object\", and the verb \"exit\"\nin \"to exit a room\" _would_ be described as \"transitive\" since the verb has an\nobject right after it. However, the action of \"exiting\" is done to / by / on\nthe person or thing that is exiting, and _not_ to / by / on the room, so in\nJapanese, the verb 抜ける is regarded as a 自{じ}動{どう}詞{し}.\n\n### Generalizing\n\nThis difference in \"intransitive / transitive\" versus 自{じ}動{どう}詞{し} /\n他{た}動{どう}詞{し} (essentially, \"syntax vs. semantics\") can cause a lot of\nconfusion. Once you figure this out, though, it becomes clear how you can have\nsentences in Japanese like 道{みち}を行{い}く with an object marked by を, even though\n行{い}く is listed in many (most?) dictionaries as \"intransitive\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T20:15:09.347",
"id": "40628",
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}
]
| 40622 | 40628 | 40628 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40682",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The full sentence is: 彼はクラスで一番頭がいいと勘違いしている。\n\nThe part I'm not understanding is: 一番頭がいい",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T16:56:39.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40623",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T08:38:41.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "How do you translate: 一番頭がいい",
"view_count": 242
} | [
{
"body": "(The comment section has sorted this out, but just to summarize the whole\nthing,)\n\n「頭がいい」 is an idiom (慣用句) that means bright/intelligent. 「一番」 is literally\nnumber one, and from there it means best/top/most/first. 一番 is strictly\nspeaking a noun, so from that perspective this should be 一番に頭がいい by inserting\na particle, but this particle often gets dropped, and 一番 can work like an\nadjective, just like \"best.\"\n\nSo the whole sentence translates to \"He wrongly thinks he is the brightest in\nthis class.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-05T17:00:39.800",
"id": "40682",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-06T01:11:59.570",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "「[一番]{いちばん}X」, with X an adjective, means \"the most X\" (literally, \"the first\n[in a ranked list] X\").\n\nThis is a casual (though polite) way to say this, and the formal way is\n「[最]{もっと}もX」. Besides, there are adjectives that are already superlatives,\nthat you might come across with:\n\n> [最高]{さいこう} \n> the highest \n> [最新]{さいしん} \n> the newest \n> [最適]{さいてき} \n> the best, the most appropriate\n\nThese adjective are actually rather frequent, so you might want to give it a\nlook.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T15:17:23.477",
"id": "40753",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T08:38:41.660",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-25T08:38:41.660",
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"owner_user_id": "18582",
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}
]
| 40623 | 40682 | 40682 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40627",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know 汁 means both juice and soup. But I would like to know if there's a\ndifference among them(汁 and ジュース)(汁 and スープ). Are all of them the same?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T18:27:47.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40624",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-03T20:09:04.740",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-03T19:44:19.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "17380",
"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "汁, ジュース and スープ",
"view_count": 176
} | [
{
"body": "* ジュース is most often used for a juice soft drink. Some people will use it liberally to refer to ANY soft drink. e.g. オレンジ・ジュース\n * スープ is most often used in compound loan words, as in a specific kind of foreign soup. e.g. ポテトスープ\n\n * 汁 can be a Japanese broth, soup, or the raw juice of a fruit, or other liquids. e.g. 豚汁, 果汁, 鼻汁",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-03T20:09:04.740",
"id": "40627",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 40624 | 40627 | 40627 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40637",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have another sentence I'm grappling with *[see footnote for context]:\n\n> キラかどうかの判断{はんだん}裁量{さいりょう}にはなりえない\n\nI'm pretty sure from my dictionaries that 判断 means \"judgement\" but cannot\nfigure out what makes sense for 裁量. All I can find is \"admeassure[ment]\",\n\"discretion\" or \"judgement\" again, which would be weird, because the compound\nwould mean \"judgement judgement\". None of these options seem to make sense, so\nsome interpretation help would be appreciated.\n\nI understand the rest of the grammar. Whatever this word compound is \"cannot\nbecome\", which in English would mean \"cannot be [in the future]\". Thus it's\ncrucial to understand this compound.\n\nThe translation reads \"I won't be able to use this to figure out whether or\nnot he's Kira.\" so the translators seemed to have just ignored one or both\nwords from the compound.\n\nNote on context:\n\n> The speaker is a detective who is playing tennis with a suspect in the\n> \"Kira\" case in order to try to figure him out. Kira is a notorious serial\n> killer.\n\nDictionaries:\n\n> <http://jisho.org/> [wwwdjic]; \n> <http://ejje.weblio.jp/>",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T00:05:12.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40630",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T02:02:15.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18449",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"anime"
],
"title": "What does 判断裁量 mean here?",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "I'm pretty sure that this is a mistake and should read, 「判断 **材料{ざいりょう}** 」.\n\nIt would be easy to mistype 材料{ざいりょう} as 裁量{さいりょう}.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T01:40:20.217",
"id": "40637",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T02:02:15.200",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-04T02:02:15.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "40630",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40630 | 40637 | 40637 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40636",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "One line examples rarely have enough context to infer. What about this\nsentence that needs an inferred subject?\n\n> 田中さんは部屋に入ってきたかと思うと、いきなり窓を全部開けた。\n\n\"開ける\" is transitive, so how would a proper translation deal with the lack of\nan explicit subject in the main clause?\n\n 1. Just as Tanaka entered the room, **Tanaka** opened all the windows. `(given what ~ かと思うと... means this does not sound correct.)`\n 2. Just as Tanaka entered the room, **someone** `(who we've already talked about)` opened all the windows.\n 3. Just as Tanaka entered the room, **all** the windows opened. (`a paraphrase using \"to open\" intransitively`)\n\nFor a _translation_ , **#2** makes sense to me but I don't like that empty\ninference of `someone`. For a _paraphrase_ , **#3** is better because then\nnothing is inferred; the missing subject is hidden. What do you think?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T00:24:27.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40632",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-04T00:30:51.680",
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"owner_user_id": "15778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Do transitive verbs require a subject when translated? How to deal with inferred subjects?",
"view_count": 169
} | [
{
"body": "How to translate such a small snippet of text depends a lot on why you're\ntranslating it --\n\n * Who is the intended audience? Will they know that this snippet is too short to handle well? What will they expect?\n * What is the intended purpose? Is this for conveying the general gist? Is this for accurately conveying what is said?\n\nThat said, my personal preference would be ~~#2 -- it's closest to the\noriginal meaning, and (especially with the parenthetical comment) it clarifies\nthat there is more information implied by the source text than what is\nactually there in the words.~~ #1, reworded slightly to avoid redundancy --\nreplacing the second \"Tanaka' with \"she\" or \"he\".\n\n( **Note:** Don't translate when super-tired and in a rush. :) See chocolate's\npost about the は・が distinction. That said, my above points on \"why are you\ntranslating this\" are still relevant.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T00:39:52.397",
"id": "40635",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-05T00:28:57.567",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-05T00:28:57.567",
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{
"body": "You should parse the sentence this way:\n\n> 田中さんは[部屋に入ってきたかと思うと、]いきなり窓を全部開けた。 \n> (≂ 部屋に入ってきたかと思うと、田中さんはいきなり窓を全部開けた。)\n\nThe subject of the main clause (= いきなり窓を全部開けた) is 田中さん because it's marked\nwith は.\n\n部屋に入ってきたかと思うと is a subordinate clause, and the subject of a subordinate clause\nshould be marked with が, as in 田中さん **が** 部屋に入ってきたかと思うと. To mean \"Just as\nTanaka entered the room, someone opened all the windows\", you'd say 「田中さん\n**が** (not 田中さん **は** )部屋に入ってきたかと思うと、XXはいきなり窓を全部開けた」 or 「XXは、田中さん **が**\n部屋に入ってきたかと思うと、いきなり窓を全部開けた」.\n\nAs you might know, ~たかと思うと means ~やいなや or ~とすぐに, \"as soon as ~~\" \"right after\ndoing ~~\"\n\nSo your sentence means #1 \"Just as Tanaka entered the room (or, On entering\nthe room / Right after he entered the room), Tanaka opened all the windows.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T01:27:48.083",
"id": "40636",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "40632",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40632 | 40636 | 40636 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40639",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that you can form a verb from 擬態語 or 擬音語 by adding する after them, but\nin this sentence it appears the writer used -る instead.\n\n> 会場に向かう前に **もじゃった** 髪の毛をどうにかしようと行きつけの美容院に行ったんです。\n\nIs it something common? Or just something weird that the writer did here?\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T02:35:33.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40638",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T05:53:19.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Can you form verbs from 擬態語 or 擬音語 by adding -る?",
"view_count": 244
} | [
{
"body": "Yes it's definitely slangy but somewhat common. Other examples include:\n\n * [ピヨる](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%83%94%E3%83%A8%E3%82%8B) from ピヨピヨ, to be stunned (by a strong attack)\n * [もにょる](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AB%E3%82%87%E3%82%8B) from もにょもにょ, to mumble, not to know what to say, etc.\n * [ボコる](http://zokugo-dict.com/30ho/bokoru.htm) from ボコボコ, to beat (someone)\n\nThis type of verb formation is relatively common [with foreign\nwords](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24351/5010), but it's not limited\nto them. You may sometimes see verbs formed even from a person name, for\nexample [マミる](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%9F%E3%82%8B).\n\nPerhaps this kind of new verbs are playfully coined by native speakers almost\nevery day, but few will come into general use. AFAIK もじゃる is not common.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T03:32:56.243",
"id": "40639",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T05:53:19.053",
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"score": 9
}
]
| 40638 | 40639 | 40639 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this written on a blue bottle. What does it mean?\n\n> ルツクハ",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T04:30:37.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40644",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T18:49:40.267",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-04T05:31:42.603",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "18540",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does ルツクハ mean?",
"view_count": 4007
} | [
{
"body": "ルツクハ is ハクツル(白鶴) written in reverse order. Japanese was written from right to\nleft in horizontal writing until mid 20th century. Some labels still use the\nsystem to express their tradition and authenticity.\n\n白鶴 is a famous sake brand. According to the company's website, the name has\nbeen used since 1747. \n<http://www.hakutsuru.co.jp/english/company/history.html>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T04:40:16.420",
"id": "40645",
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| 40644 | null | 40645 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40647",
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"body": "I heard this word often and I'm pretty sure it means \"correct! / right! /\ngreat!\" but I cannot seem to find the word in dictionary and I don't even know\nhow it is written. I try to find せっかい but have no match.\n\nCould you help to confirm what word am I hearing?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-04T07:41:31.630",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Help to confirm word I heard on television show \"Sekkai!\"",
"view_count": 387
} | [
{
"body": "You might be thinking of seikai, 正{せい}解{かい}\n\nI hear it often used in game-shows indicating the contestant got the correct\nanswer. It's hard to know for sure since you aren't providing a whole lot of\ncontext, but this would be my best guess.\n\nDefinition (according to jisho.org)\n\n * 正{せい}解{かい}: correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 40646 | 40647 | 40647 |
{
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"body": "How do I say \"You are lying!\" in a joking way?\n\nCan I say:\n\n> 嘘{うそ}だよ\n\nor is there a friendlier way to say it?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-04T17:19:17.673",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"slang",
"phrase-requests",
"jokes"
],
"title": "How to say \"You are lying!\"",
"view_count": 5807
} | [
{
"body": "嘘だよ is likely to mean \" _I am_ joking.\" One way to say \"you are lying\" is to\nuse an interrogative form:\n\n> 嘘だろ!? / 冗談だろ!?\n>\n> Isn't that a joke?\n>\n> マジかよ!?\n>\n> Really!?\n\nExamples above are very casual. Of course we can make them formal by using 敬語:\n\n> 嘘ですよね? / 冗談ですよね?\n>\n> 本当ですか?\n>\n> (note that マジ is a casual saying of 本当).\n\nIf we use a normal sentence, it might sound in a strong tone, so not friendly:\n\n> 嘘だ。 / 嘘だろ。\n>\n> It's a lie. (it may sound like \"It's _definitely_ a lie.\")",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-04T17:35:10.480",
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"body": "Another is:\n\n[うそつけ\n(嘘{うそ}吐{つ}け)](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%86%E3%81%9D%E3%81%A4%E3%81%91)!\n- Liar! Comes from 嘘{うそ}をつく, to lie\n\nFrom comments:\n\n[うそつき (嘘{うそ}吐{つ}き)](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/19011/meaning/m0u/) - Liar;\nSomeone who lies",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-04T20:33:53.510",
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"body": "Perhaps a little more indirect:\n\n> 違{ちが}います!\n\nOften translated as “it’s different”, it’s also used for “just kidding” or\n“that’s incorrect”.\n\nIn Japanese culture, people rarely confront each other or directly disagree.\nMost of the time, they will correct a misunderstanding rather than disagree.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-07-05T13:52:55.230",
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| 40651 | null | 40655 |
{
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"body": "The method for conjugation is exactly the same with replacement of る into られる",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T00:04:44.170",
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"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "How to differentiate potential form and passive voice for ru-verb?",
"view_count": 35
} | []
| 40656 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40664",
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"body": "I can't understand the meaning of 背が高い人. From what I've heard you can't just\nsay 高い on a non living object, so what is the meaning of 背 exactly?",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T07:40:24.723",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "What is 背が高い and how is it different from 高い",
"view_count": 941
} | [
{
"body": "高い has very wide meanings including high, tall, expensive, hot, and so on. but\nusually you have to add 背 referring tall. 背 means tallness of human beings.\n背が高い人 translates in verbatim \"a person who is high in tallness\".",
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"body": "背が高い人 means \"tall person\".\n\n高い人 (without 背) has a different meaning. \n高い人 means \"arrogant person\", someone who looks down on other people. \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/8517/meaning/m0u/%E5%BE%A1%E9%AB%98%E3%81%84/>",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T15:25:56.207",
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| 40658 | 40664 | 40664 |
{
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"body": "> 神秘の力が幽霊にあって現世に介入していたとしても、不思議はないんじゃないかと\n\nAs far as I can understand\n\nNoun + にあって has the meaning of\n\n> In (time / location indicator)\n>\n> At (time / location indicator)\n>\n> On (time / location indicator)\n>\n> Due to / because\n\nHowever in this case it's neither time or location nor a reason\n\nI would roughly translate it to\n\n> As for the ghost even if it has a mysterious power that allows him to\n> intervene in the present world I don't think that's strange\n\nWhat do you think ?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T08:51:30.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What meaning does the にあって have in this phrase?",
"view_count": 91
} | [
{
"body": "a verbatim translation is \"a mysterious power exist in the sprite and he\nexcuses the power...\" にあって sounds literary.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T10:11:09.850",
"id": "40663",
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"body": "あって seems to be simply the te-form of the verb ある.\n\n神秘の力が幽霊にある \nThere is a mysterious force in ghosts.\n\nThe te-form is used just to connect the clauses.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 40659 | 40663 | 40677 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40667",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "I learned that トイレ is loaned from the English word \"toilet\".\n\nHowever, in the US, toilet usually refers to the thing that you sit on when\nyou poop. And in the UK, toilet usually refers to the whole place where you\nwash your hands _and_ poop.\n\nHopefully you know what I mean...\n\nSo which of the above does トイレ refer to?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T09:57:32.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Does トイレ refer to the British \"toilet\" or the American \"toilet\"?",
"view_count": 1632
} | [
{
"body": "トイレ means restroom, so nearly meaning of toilet in UK.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T10:03:48.410",
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"body": "When a word is loaned by another language, it is not always true that a loan\nword has the exact same meaning as the original word. You have to know how it\nis used in Japanese to know what it means in Japanese.\n\nトイレ has both meanings. For example:\n\n> 1. トイレに[行]{い}ってもいいですか? (Literally) Is it OK to go to the bathroom\n> (restroom)?\n>\n> 2. トイレが[流]{なが}れません. The toilet doesn't flush.\n>\n>\n\nIt doesn't matter what the word _toilet_ means in English. What matters more\nis what トイレ means in Japanese as it is a Japanese word.\n\nAs @DavidRicherby commented, the word _toilet_ generally means\n\nIn British English: both the room and the sanitary fixture.\n\nIn American English: Only the sanitary fixture and not the room.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T12:08:23.667",
"id": "40667",
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"body": "トイレ refers to the bathroom. \nThe toilet seat is called 便座 or 便器.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T14:59:30.190",
"id": "40676",
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"body": "As you say, Japanese word, トイレ is a loaned word from English, toilet, which\naccording to Concise Oxford English Dictionary (10th Edition) means “a large\nbowl for urinating or defecating into, typically plumed into a sewage system.\nBut トイレ is equivalent to original Japanese word, 便所 which means a room\ncontaining a toilet or toilets. We call “a large bowl for urinating or\ndefecating into, a 便器.\n\nAlthough we have 便所、お手洗い、洗面所、化粧室 as its alternatives, it’s lucky that we\nJapanese can do with ”トイレ” for complex mix of English “Washroom”, “restroom”,\n“bathroom”, “lavatory”, \"privy,\" “toilet,” “toilet room,” \"the gents\", \"Saint\njohn’s,\" \"john\", or \"jack\" as shown in the following question posted in SE\nEnglish language & Usage site:\n\n> “Washroom”, “restroom”, “bathroom”, “lavatory”, “toilet” or “toilet room”\n>\n> I've always been confused by the terms washroom, restroom, bathroom,\n> lavatory, toilet and toilet room. My impression is that Canadians would\n> rather say washroom while Americans would probably say bathroom or Saint\n> John's in the same situation. Which do you usually use? Please specify the\n> difference if you use more than two from those six with different meanings,\n> and also where you are from. -\n> [https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/8281/washroom-restroom-\n> bathroom-lavatory-toilet-or-toilet-\n> room?newsletter=1&nlcode=15318%7ce1f1](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/8281/washroom-\n> restroom-bathroom-lavatory-toilet-or-toilet-\n> room?newsletter=1&nlcode=15318%7ce1f1)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-11T02:59:32.263",
"id": "40811",
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"body": "Both, or I would rather say, there's no distinction. トイレ just means \"the place\nyou use for excretion\", where what the \"place\" exactly refers to is\nundesignated.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 二階には男子 **トイレ** しかない。 → _the room_ = お手洗い, 化粧室 etc. \n> 三番目の **トイレ** には幽霊が出る。 → _the stall_ = 個室 \n> **トイレ** に紙がつまった。 → _the stool_ = 便器\n\nAll of above are valid.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-11T13:34:43.723",
"id": "40824",
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| 40661 | 40667 | 40667 |
{
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"body": "関口 has just woken up after surgery:\n\n> 関口は **自分が** 盲腸の手術をしたことを思い出した。\n\nI'm sure I'm being dumb, but this reads to me like\n\n> Sekiguchi remembered doing the appendix operation himself.\n\nI assume it's supposed to mean \"Sekiguchi remembered having an appendix\noperation\". What am I failing to understand here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-05T10:33:29.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Confused by use of自分 here",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "Your assumption is true. There are 2 points:\n\n 1. 手術をする can mean 手術を **受ける** , that is, to have an operation.\n\n 2. 自分が appears as the subject of the relative noun clause `自分が盲腸の手術をしたこと` (the fact that he had an appendix operation). It can be translated to be, simply, \"he\" here.\n\nYou can think of this 自分 as \"I\". From 関口's view, the fact is \" **I** underwent\nthe operation.\" (自分は手術をした。) Making it a relative noun phrase, it becomes\n自分が盲腸の手術をしたこと and now 自分 means \"he\" (= 関口).",
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| 40665 | 40666 | 40666 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40680",
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"body": "> 学園付きの聖職者 **にして** 、委員会の顧問、xから、呼び出しのメールが来たのは今朝のこと\n\nI read that\n\n> adj + にして + adj\n\nor\n\n> noun + にして + noun\n\nThat in this case the にして has the meaning of \"and / also\"\n\nIn that case does this mean\n\n> It was this morning that I received a mail that called me out from X who is\n> the advisor of the committee and the clergy of the school",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T12:17:25.373",
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "How does the にして work here?",
"view_count": 162
} | [
{
"body": "にして can be used to combine two nouns and it means \"and\". Unlike \"also\", it\nputs the equal weight on both sides. It doesn't work with adjectives, ant it\nhas a pinch of formality in it. It's usually not used in speaking Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T16:35:05.027",
"id": "40680",
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| 40668 | 40680 | 40680 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40670",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Beginner here. I understand that Japanese has a large number of homophones,\nand that kanji help readers distinguish between them. Of course, kanji are not\navailable in spoken Japanese. On the other hand, spoken Japanese has pitch\naccent. So, is there a significant difference in ambiguity between written and\nspoken Japanese? That is to say, are misunderstandings more common in one form\nor the other? And how do both compare with English?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-05T12:27:51.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40669",
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"owner_user_id": "16361",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"spoken-language",
"written-language"
],
"title": "Difference in ambiguity between written and spoken Japanese?",
"view_count": 1275
} | [
{
"body": "You are right in that misunderstanding is common in spoken Japanese. but\nusually people who use Japanese know which word has ambiguity and escape the\nword or confirm the kanji of the word (like checking a spell).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-05T12:59:15.520",
"id": "40670",
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"body": "I am not a native Japanese speaker, but used to speak it fluently. When I\nstarted to learn the language, I also worried much about many homophones which\nsounded same to me. Even though I knew native speakers had different accents\nfor many of them, I was not able to learn everything and reading words with\nkanji was much more clear than listening to words that were spoken.\n\nOne thing very important to note in learning Japanese is just because there\nare many homophones doesn't necessarily mean they make spoken Japanese more\nconfusing than other languages. All languages are understood based on context\nand the syntax (grammar), collocation (of words) and idioms are the factors\nthat make any language more confusing than others.\n\nMany English phrases and sentences are difficult to understand if you don't\nknow the context. They could make you confused sometimes if you misunderstand\nthe context. The same thing happens in Japanese, but I don't think Japanese\nspoken language is more difficult to understand than English or other\nlanguages that I know.\n\nDon't worry so much about homophones. They will not bother you as much as\nonomatopoeia and mimetic words in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T13:19:53.600",
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| 40669 | 40670 | 40670 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40683",
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"body": "I'm currently studying on my Intermediate Japanese book and I stumbled upon\nthe usage of なるべく, with the meaning of **_as ~ as possible_**. The book gives\nme two examples and with the first one there's no real difficulty.\n\n * 教室の外でも、 **なるべく** 日本語を使った方がいいでしょう。 ( with the meaning of _it will be better if you speak Japanese **as much as possible** even outside the classroom_ )\n\nBut then it shows me another example, which I didn't really comprehend as far\nas the usage of なるべく is regarded. Which is the following:\n\n * 宿題は、 **なるべく** 次の日に出してください。( I get the meaning of the sentence which should mean something along the lines of _please hand in homework the next day if possible_ but still, I thought that there would be something like a set phrase just like the _**as much as possible**_ that we find in the first sentence ) \n\nSo my final quesion is: what's the use of なるべく in the last sentence? Why does\nthe book put them both under the same grammar rule? ( I get that it may be\nquite a silly question but this keeps on bugging me since yesterday ) _Thanks\nin advance._",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T13:58:28.033",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"phrases",
"compounds",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "A question about the usage of なるべく",
"view_count": 900
} | [
{
"body": "You can translate as \"as much as possible\": \n宿題は、なるべく次の日に出してください。 \nPlease hand in the homework as much as possible on the next day.\n\nThe important thing to notice is that なるべく is used as an adverb.",
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"body": "なるべく may be close to the English word \"preferably\" and it doesn't always mean\n\"as much as possible\". For example, you can say なるべく静かにしてね (Please keep as\nquiet as possible).\n\n\"なるべく + adverb\" means \"as adverb as possible\" like \"as much as possible\n(なるべくたくさん)\", \"as soon as possible (なるべく早く)\".\n\nSo you may think たくさん is omitted in your first sentence.",
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{
"body": "I would say that なるべく, when it is modifying not an adjective or adverb but a\nverb phrase, (as in your examples) means you'll do something _if possible_ ,\noften with the connotation that you'll make your best efforts to make it\nhappen. (I'm failing to come up with a corresponding English set phrase.)\n\n> 宿題は、なるべく次の日に出してください。\n>\n> Hand in your homework the next day, if possible (and do your best to make it\n> possible!)",
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| 40672 | 40683 | 40683 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40674",
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"body": "コートを着なければいけません。\n\nI'm not sure about the meaning of this sentence. Would it be something like\n\"If you don't wear a coat, you're not going\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T14:23:30.497",
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"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "Doubt about syntax",
"view_count": 54
} | [
{
"body": "なければいけません means \"must do\".\n\nSo the translation becomes: \nコートを着なければいけません。 \nYou have to wear a coat.\n\nなければいけません is one of the variants of なければならない。",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T14:30:11.937",
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| 40673 | 40674 | 40674 |
{
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"body": "> じゃあその中学チャンピオンと互角{ごかく}に戦ってる流河{りゅうが}君ってなんなの? (Death Note, episode 10,\n> 3:55mins)\n\nContext: The speaker is talking about people playing Tennis. And is comparing\nRyuuga [流河] to the other player, trying to point out that he's quite good as\nwell.\n\nEdit: I figured out by listening to audio that 君 = くん, i.e. the suffix. My\nmistake.\n\nって is giving me trouble here, as って seems to take a variety of different\nmeanings, and it's hard for me in general to pinpoint which meaning it takes\nat any given time.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T16:00:11.710",
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"id": "40679",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"particles",
"anime",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "What does 君って mean here?",
"view_count": 428
} | [
{
"body": "って is a particle that connects 流河君 to 何なの. It has the same grammatical\nstructure as 流河君とは何なの or 流河君は誰.\n\nThis particle puts an emphasis on the previous word. Here, the nuance is that\nthe speaker actually already knows 流河君, at least cursory, and asking a deeper\nquestion about who he _really_ is. That is, how come he can compete so well\nwith a champion. I think this is the common underlying theme of this particle\nacross all its usage, but I'd love to see if you have other examples that\ndoesn't fit this explanation.\n\nIn speech, this kind of emphasis is often used to set a context, so that it\nbecomes clear what the following sentences are talking about. For example,\n健太ってさ、明日暇?\n\nって is also a fairly informal word, so you will almost never see it used in\nwriting, and it's also inappropriate to use this to someone else who you need\nto show some respect.",
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| 40679 | null | 40681 |
{
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"body": "The family is talking about getting appendicitis. Grandad says:\n\n> 「わしもこの年になってもならなかったんじゃ。もういいかげん、このままならずに済むじゃろ。」 \n> I also couldn't help getting it this year. ?????\n\nI'm a bit stuck on the rest. I think verb-ずに済む or verb-ないで済む means \"don't have\nto verb\". Is that right?\n\nI know もういい and いいかげんにしろ are along the lines of \"that's enough!\", \"quit it!\".\n\nBut I can't make any sense of it when I try to put it all together:\n\n> That's enough. You don't have to get it as it is",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T18:39:25.770",
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"id": "40685",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-07T19:11:35.903",
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"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Understanding もういいかげん、このままならずに済む",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "* The \"この年\" refers to his (old) age, not the current year. \"この年になっても\" → \"even though I've reached this age\"\n * The \"ならなかった\" means \"[盲腸炎(appendicitis)(?)に]ならなかった\" (\"never got appendicitis\").\n\n * もういいかげん here means something like \"at this rate\".\n\n * このまま indicates continuation of the status quo.\n\n * For \"verb-ずに済む\", \"be spared from verb-ing\" or \"go with out verbing/having to verb\" may be better.\n\n> Even at my old age, I've never got appendicitis. At this rate, I should be\n> able to continue to go without getting it.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T19:28:51.507",
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| 40685 | 40686 | 40686 |
{
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"body": "If the talk is about appointing the representative of Internal Management\nSystem (IMS) (in some company), which one will be suitable in this situation?\n:\n\nLetter of appointment (to a position): 委嘱状 【いしょくじょう】・任命状【にんめいじょう】・任命証\n【にんめいしょう】・辞令【じれい】",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T19:54:44.993",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 委嘱状・任命状・任命証",
"view_count": 1522
} | [
{
"body": "# English\n\n委嘱状, 任命証, 任命状 and 辞令 share the same meaning.\n\n## Difference between 委嘱 and 任命\n\n委嘱 and 任命 means exactly the same, but are used in different contexts.\n\nIf you are hiring someone who is not member of a civil or administrative\nagency, then you should use 委嘱. (In that case, you will send a 委嘱状.)\n\nIf you are hiring someone who is a member an administrative agency, you should\nuse 任命. (In that case, you deliver a 辞令書. 任命証 and 任命状 are interchangeable)\n\nSee: [here](http://lawinfo.crestec.jp/faq/?p=44)\n\n# Japanese\n\nそれらの意味は全て同じです。\n\n## 委嘱と任命の違い\n\nこれらの意味は完全に同じです。ですがこれらを相手によって使い分けています。\n\n相手が民間人もしくは行政機関に属していないなら委嘱を使います。(その場合、委嘱状を交付する。)\n\n相手が行政機関に属している任命を使います。(その場合は、事例書を交付します。言い方を任命証、任命状に変えても良い)\n\n参考:[このサイト](http://lawinfo.crestec.jp/faq/?p=44)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-06T12:37:07.163",
"id": "40709",
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"body": "A 辞令 is an appointment notice issued typically by a president to his/her\nemployee. It typically looks [like\nthis](http://www.taka.co.jp/download/word/w_zirei_t.html). For some reason\nit's usually very short, blunt, and not polite at all :)\n\n委嘱 is a respectful word used when someone asks someone to do a job that\nrequies sophisticated expertise. I feel external consultants/advisors are\noften invited using the term 委嘱. 任命 is similar in meaning but sounds more\n\"authoritative\" (both in positive and negative senses). Which to use 委嘱 or 任命\nwould depend on the relation between the two.\n\nAs for the difference between ~証 and ~状, the former literally means\n\"certificate for ~\" and the latter literally means \"notice/letter for ~\". I\nthink I see ~状 far more often, but there should be no big difference in this\ncase.",
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| 40687 | 40713 | 40713 |
{
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"body": "I read several times that an expression such as \"X wa Y ga suki desu\", where\nsay both X and Y are people, is inherently ambiguous and can be understood as\neither \"X likes Y\" or \"Y likes X\", according to the context.\n\nIf that's correct, then I'm wondering how that ambiguity is \"felt\"\ngrammatically in terms of the meaning of suki. As I understand it, suki is a\nna-adjective that simply means \"liked\" or \"preferred\". If \"X wa Y ga suki\ndesu\" is ambiguous, is \"suki-na X\" also ambiguous? Can it mean not only \"X\nthat is liked\" but also \"liked by X\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-05T22:33:48.297",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "X wa Y ga suki desu",
"view_count": 1881
} | [
{
"body": "\"X wa Y ga suki desu\" **always** means \"X likes Y\" unless you're in a very\nspecial context.\n\nIt's actually theoretically possible that this effectively means \"Y likes X\"\nin a certain special context where _ga_ works as the exhaustive-listing marker\n(See [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010) for\nexhaustive-lisging _ga_ ):\n\n> **A** : I know either Y or Z likes X. Which? Who likes X? \n> **B** : X wa Y ga suki desu. (It's Y who likes X.)\n\nB's answer would be pronounced with a different intonation from the normal \"X\nwa Y ga suki desu\".\n\nNevertheless, people will rarely make a question like this, and I don't know\nif this really is what you have read. And even when people make such a\nquestion, I doubt you would ever hear an answer like this actually used in\nreal life. There is a better, clearer way to put this. This answer would be\nfar more natural when said like this:\n\n> **B** : [X no koto](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2102/5010) wa Y ga\n> suki desu. (It's Y who likes X.)\n\n* * *\n\nA similar expression can also be ambiguous when it forms a relative clause. I\nthink these pages answers your question about \"suki-na X\":\n\n * [Ambiguity in meaning of sentences with a noun qualifed by an adjective with が particle](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23644/5010)\n * [が in subordinate clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30171/5010)",
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| 40688 | null | 40711 |
{
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"body": "I understand that polite forms like yomimasu are actually (or originated as)\ninfinitive yomi + auxiliary verb masu in its plain non-past form. Then past\nform yomimashita is just infinitive yomi + plain past mashita.\n\nSo I wonder what is the origin of the negative form, such as yomimasen. Given\nthe above, one might naively expect a plain non-past negative form of masu,\nwhich would give yomimasanai. Is -masen \"explainable\" in terms of other forms?\nIs it a contraction from an originally longer form?",
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"tags": [
"etymology",
"politeness",
"history",
"negation",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Origin of ません (-masen)?",
"view_count": 765
} | [
{
"body": "According to Shogakukan's big 国{こく}語{ご}大{だい}辞{じ}典{てん}, the verb ending _-masu_\nultimately derived from a combination of humble polite auxiliary verb 参{まい}る\nplus the verb する, as a shift from either _‑ mairasuru_ or possibly _‑\nmaisuru_. The final _‑ su_ in modern _‑ masu_ conjugates identically to\nclassical _su_ / _suru_. The 未然形{みぜんけい} (\"incomplete form\") that is used to\nform negatives ends in _‑ a_ in most classical 四段{よだん} verbs (which became\nmodern 五段{ごだん} or \"type 1\" verbs), such as _kaka ‑_ as the _mizenkei_ for\n書{か}く, or _ika ‑_ as the _mizenkei_ for 行{い}く, etc. However, classical _su_ /\n_suru_ is irregular, and its _mizenkei_ is _se ‑_ instead. (This is still the\n_mizenkei_ for _suru_ in some modern dialects, such as Kansai-ben.) So the\nnegative of _‑ masu_ was formed as the _mizenkei_ of _‑ mase‑_ plus the\nnegative ending _-nu_ , as _‑ masenu_. Final _‑ nu_ contracts to just _‑ n_,\ngiving us modern _‑ masen_.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-06T00:43:08.597",
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{
"body": "Just wanted to add a little extra context to ます and it's modern day 否定形, ません.\nます appears in the Nara period as an honorific way to say be/go. It was later\nused as a honorary supplementary verb (a verb attached to the end of another\nverb to show respect/honor). The latter usage survives into the modern day\nwith the same usage.\n\nThe difference between classical and the modern day is that the classical verb\nwas a 四段 verb so the 未然形 was まさ and the simple negative was まさず. Eventually\nthe 連体形 of ず (simple negative auxiliary) as well as all\nverbs/adjectives/adjectival verbs replaced the 終止形 (modern day 辞書形). So まさず\nbecome まさぬ. Eventually ぬ (negative auxiliary 連体形/終止形) became ん in 関西 (Kansai\nregion) and ない in 関東 (Tokyo and surrounding areas).\n\nSo you would expect like all 五段 verbs that ます would've been conjugated in\nmodern Japanese like まさない or まさん but this clearly isn't the case. Instead it\nis conjugated like a サ変 verb + ん(ぬー>ん), ません. This is more than likely due to\nthe misinterpretation of ます as being the combination of (何々 \"something\")+す.\nThis is completely understandable as a lot of verbs in classical/modern\nJapanese are formed by something + す. For example, to make a Sino-Japanese\nnoun a verb just attach す (or in modern Japanese する). All of the verbs formed\nthis way follow a サ変 conjugation because they are inflections of す/する.\n\nIn short. ます exists as a verb with the same function in both classical and\nmodern Japanese. At some point, ます was misinterpreted as a サ変 verb and is now\nconjugated like a サ変 verb plus ん.",
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| 40689 | 40690 | 40690 |
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"body": "A native speaker of Japanese wrote in English about a place offering \"Kadou\",\nand referred to it in Japanese as 華道. I wanted to suggest using the word\n\"ikebana\" instead, as that's more likely to be understood by the intended\naudience. ([Google\nNGrams](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=ikebana%2CJapanese%20flower%20arrangement%2C%20flower%20arrangement&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cikebana%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CJapanese%20flower%20arrangement%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cflower%20arrangement%3B%2Cc0)\nsuggests \"ikebana\" and \"[Japanese] flower arrangement\" are approximately\nequally common in English, for those curious)\n\nHowever, I've never done ikebana, and I'm not sure whether the English word\n\"ikebana\" would be a suitable translation for 華道. The word 華道 is pronounced\nかどう, whereas the word pronounced いけばな in Japanese is 生け花. Is it generally ok\nto translate 華道, along with 生け花, into English as \"ikebana\"? Is there any\nsignificant difference between 華道 and 生け花 that'd mean such a translation is\nconfusing?\n\nLooking at the first paragraph of the Wikipedia article\n[華道](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E9%81%93) and the first sentence\nof the English Wikipedia article\n[Ikebana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikebana) suggests not.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T02:47:42.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40692",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T10:07:22.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is the English word \"ikebana\" a suitable translation for \"華道\"?",
"view_count": 418
} | [
{
"body": "I feel there is some difference between 生け花 and 華道 in terms of their image\neven if they imply similar activities. A dictionary says ~道 means\n\n> 専門を究めて一派を立てた技芸 (Arts or crafts which established a school (branch) of art or\n> craft through researching the subject). For example, 芸道, 茶道, 書道 and 剣道, etc.\n\nI feel 生け花 is to enjoy flower arrangement with a light heart and 華道 has a high\nthreshold than 生け花.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T05:01:41.363",
"id": "40696",
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"parent_id": "40692",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "This is as much an English usage question as it is a Japanese language\nquestion. In practice, \"ikebana\" is the better-known term for formal schools\nof flower arrangement among English speakers, even including Japanophiles. The\nterm 華道 is not so well known so it may be confusing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T05:26:54.513",
"id": "40697",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T05:26:54.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "583",
"parent_id": "40692",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40692 | 40696 | 40696 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40694",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I've been reading the script from a videogame and I have a problem with\nthis sentence:\n\n> ダークエルフによるレプリロイドの支配とイレギュラーの抹殺… **後に** 妖精戦争と呼ばれる争いを起こしたワシは、\n\nI don't quite get it what 後に means in this sentences, I don't think it means\n\"after\" or \"later\" as I thought at first because in the next sentence it\nmentions what happens after after the war ends:\n\n> 妖精戦争が終わった時に、当時の人間どもの手である改造を施された。\n\nAccording to the translation I've been reading, the 後に part has is saying\nsomething like: \"After all it was me who started the war called...\".\n\nSo, what is the meaning of 後に?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T02:47:58.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40693",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-06T05:35:44.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "how could I interpret 後に in this sentence?",
"view_count": 126
} | [
{
"body": "> [後に妖精戦争と呼ばれる]争い\n\nThe [後]{のち}に modifies 呼ばれる. 後に妖精戦争と呼ばれる is a relative clause modifying 争い.\n\n\"A conflict [later called 妖精戦争]\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T03:24:06.507",
"id": "40694",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T03:24:06.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "40693",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 40693 | 40694 | 40694 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40698",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: a letter from a mangaka to her readers (whole letter\n[here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xOhpZ.jpg)).\n\n> ファンレターをくださる子達は大抵コミックス派なのですが、出会い方は店頭でだったりインターネットでだったり本当に様々。\n\nWhat is the meaning of `コミックス派` in this sentence (and the general meaning of\nthe whole sentence)? I think it could mean \"`manga/comics enthusiasts`\". Is my\nguess correct? Also, why are they opposed to people that she meets in shops or\non the internet? My attempt:\n\n> Those who write me fan letters are mainly manga enthusiasts, but I meet many\n> in shops and on the internet.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T04:17:24.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40695",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T05:36:18.073",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "Meaning of コミックス派",
"view_count": 241
} | [
{
"body": "コミックス refers specifically to 単行本. [See this definition from\nデジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/82025/meaning/m0u/)\n\n> 漫画本。雑誌掲載の連載漫画や、書き下ろしの漫画を、1冊の本にしたもの。\n\nSo コミックス派 refers to the fans who purchase the 単行本 as opposed to the fans who\npurchase the magazine (a.k.a. 雑誌派).\n\nAs in [the answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2700/what-\ndoes-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8C-mean-in-the-following-sentence)\n@chocolate linked, ~が can be used to set the context for a further statement.\n\n出会い方 means \"ways of meeting\", and refers to her fans \"meeting\" her work.\n\nOverall, the mangaka is remarking on the many different ways her コミックス派 fans\nhad discovered her manga.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T05:36:18.073",
"id": "40698",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T05:36:18.073",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
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}
]
| 40695 | 40698 | 40698 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> きみのなわ。。。。ですか。\n\nHow can I fill the gap?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T09:29:13.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40700",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T16:09:35.207",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-06T10:34:02.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "14482",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"names",
"questions",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to ask \"Is your name common in Japan?\"",
"view_count": 2042
} | [
{
"body": "If I were to choose a one-word expression, that would be a na-adjective\n普通【ふつう】.\n\n> あなたの 名前【なまえ】は 普通【ふつう】ですか?\n\n * Use は instead of わ when it's the topic marker. It's still pronounced as _wa_.\n * 名【な】 is a literary and/or pompous way of saying \"name\". Use 名前【なまえ】 instead.\n * I also replaced the casual second-person pronoun きみ with あなた, because きみ is rarely used with polite expressions (e.g. ですか).\n\nHowever the sentence above may sound a bit rude because it sounds like you are\ntalking whether a name is _normal_ or _abnormal_ , rather than _common_ or\n_uncommon_.\n\n( **EDIT** : There is another na-adjective\n[一般的【いっぱんてき】](http://jisho.org/word/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%9A%84), which may be\nmore difficult but safer. \"あなたの名前は一般的ですか?\")\n\nAlternatively, you can say something like this:\n\n> あなたの 名前【なまえ】は よく ある 名前ですか? \n> (lit. \"Is your name a name that exists often?\")\n>\n> あなたの 名前【なまえ】は よく 見【み】る 名前ですか? \n> (lit. \"Is your name a name that you see often?\")\n\nTechnically speaking, this よくある is a [relative\nclause](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/clause) that modifies 名前\nright _after_ it, but you may regard it as a set phrase that just means\n\"common\". For example, \"Frequently Asked Question\" is often translated as\n\"よくある質問【しつもん】\" in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T15:21:13.147",
"id": "40715",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T16:09:35.207",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-06T16:09:35.207",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 40700 | null | 40715 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40717",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've had some trouble communicating I want '2 of each' or '2 more of each' at\ncafes. It happens when I order a coffee and receive one stick of sugar and one\ncreamer and I try to ask for 2 more by saying 2つもうお願いします but then I just\nreceive 1 more of each. Any suggestions?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T10:02:27.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40702",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T15:46:53.770",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How can I ask for \"two of each\" (cream and sugar) at a cafe?",
"view_count": 530
} | [
{
"body": "You can use [ずつ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38359/5010).\n\n> もう2つずつお願いします。\n\nNote that もう must be placed _before_ the number, and ずつ must be placed _after_\nthe counter.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T15:46:53.770",
"id": "40717",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T15:46:53.770",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40702",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40702 | 40717 | 40717 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40708",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「盲腸なんて、年にかかわらず、痛くなるときゃ **なる** んだ。」 \n> For things like appendicitis, regardless of age, when it gets painful ???\n\nI don't understand what the second なる is referring to in this sentence. Is it\njust an abbreviation of 痛くなるときは痛くなる, reinforcing that pain is not related to\nage? I can't think what else it could be.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T10:57:16.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40703",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T12:34:15.283",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-06T11:02:02.293",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of adj-なるときゃなる",
"view_count": 101
} | [
{
"body": "You're perfectly correct, it's 痛くなるときは痛くなる. The expression implies you cannot\npredict or control when it hurts, similarly to the English saying \"what will\nhappen will happen\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T12:34:15.283",
"id": "40708",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T12:34:15.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "40703",
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}
]
| 40703 | 40708 | 40708 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40707",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’ve got a physical copy of [this Japanese\nbook](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6-%E4%BB%96%E4%B8%89%E7%AF%87%E2%80%95%E7%9F%B3%E3%81%95%E3%81%BE%E3%81%96%E3%81%BE-%E5%B2%A9%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB-%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%95%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC/dp/4003242238)\nthat puzzles me a bit.\n\nThe cover states: 水晶, then in a smaller font 他三篇 and 石さまざま on separate lines.\nOther two lines say: シュティフター作 and 手塚富雄・藤村宏訳.\n\nIt appears to be a translation of a tales collection called “Bunte Steine” by\nAdalbert Stifter.\n\nI would like to ask for a help parsing those lines. My understanding is:\n[Quartz] [and other stories] [various stones]. That would somehow correspond\nto the original “Bunte Steine” – colorful stones. The word 他三篇 is a bit of\nmystery to me. I am able to break it down to 他 [other], 三 [three, a few], 篇\n[book, story]. The word as a whole does not appear in any dictionary however.\n“Other stories” fits and it is used in other book titles, as well.\n[Example](http://www.kawade.co.jp/np/isbn/9784309275758/)\n\nシュティフター作 is obviously the name of the author. I am not sure, why there is only\nhis surname written though.\n\nThe last line contains two personal names 手塚富雄・藤村 宏訳. The former is written\nwithout a space, the latter has it. Confusing again. But who are they?\nTranslators? Their names are written the same size as the author’s.\n\nTo sum the question up: I am interested in the real meaning of all those\nlines. Do I understand the word 他三篇 right? Do the first three lines really\ncompose the book’s title? Why is there author’s first name missing? Who are\nthose people on the last line and why are they written with a same font size\nas the author.\n\nThanks in advance for any help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T11:37:32.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40705",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T12:43:48.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"literature"
],
"title": "他三篇 in a book title",
"view_count": 246
} | [
{
"body": "According to some webpages, 石さまざま is made from 6 short stories based on\nstones. 水晶 is the representative of them. 他三篇 means \"and 3 another stories\".\n\nSo, in this book, there are 4 short stories from 石さまざま. 水晶, みかげ石(granite),\n石灰岩(limestone), and 石乳(stalactite).\n\n> シュティフター作 is obviously the name of the author. I am not sure, why there is\n> only his surname written though.\n\nIn Japanese, names order is surname + given name. When talking about someone,\nit is generally focused on surname.\n\nAnd シュティフター is very characteristic name, when hearing this name, no one will\nremember without this author.\n\nIf there are some famous シュティフター in the world, it will be written with given\nname.\n\n> The last line contains two personal names 手塚富雄・藤村 宏訳. The former is written\n> without a space, the latter has it.\n\n訳 means \"translated\". 手塚富雄 and 藤村 宏 are the translators. There is a space\nbetween 藤村 and 宏 because the name 藤村宏 is made from 3 characters.\n\nMany Japanese names are made from 4 characters, 2 characters of surname and 2\ncharacters of given name. Inserting a space for restoring balance, the length\nbecame 4.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T12:23:57.100",
"id": "40707",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T12:43:48.440",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 40705 | 40707 | 40707 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I got this from an anime:-\n\n> 立ち話もなんですから、こちらへどうぞ\n\nThe sub translates to:-\n\n> Standing around there chatting is all very well, but please come this way\n\nI don't understand how \"立ち話もなんですから\" can be interpreted as \"standing around\nthere is all very well\". How does \"もなんです\" modify the noun \"立ち話\"?\n\n[[[Chatting]and[what]]declarative] doesn't really make sense.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T13:38:47.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40712",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T14:25:25.060",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-06T14:25:25.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18232",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Usage of 立ち話もなんです in this sentence",
"view_count": 71
} | []
| 40712 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40716",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As a rule the Japanese verbs are connected by ~たり pattern. \nFor example:\n\n> 出社【しゅっしゃ】し **たり** 退社【たいしゃ】 **したりする** 。\n\nBut is it grammatically correct, when I connect these two verbs by 及び【および】? \nFor example:\n\n> 出社 **及び** 退社する。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T15:14:33.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40714",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T12:48:10.037",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T12:48:10.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Connecting Sino-Japanese verbs",
"view_count": 258
} | [
{
"body": "出社及び退社する makes perfect sense, but I think 出社および退社 **を** する (using を) is the\nsafer choice when making a written sentence. It's because so-called suru-verbs\nwork basically as _verbs_ , whereas および is to connect two _nouns_. Likewise,\n掃除や洗濯した is not good in written Japanese, and you usually have to write 掃除や洗濯\n**を** した. In spoken Japanese, particles are omitted more often, so 掃除や洗濯した\ntend to be tolerated.\n\nThe usage is a bit different between Xする and Xをする. See: [Difference Between\nべんきょう する and べんきょうを する](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4006/5010)\n\nIn this case, you can also simply write 出退社 (e.g. 出退社する, 出退社の時間).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T15:39:33.870",
"id": "40716",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T15:42:07.050",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40714",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 40714 | 40716 | 40716 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40719",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From NHK Easy Japanese News:\n\n>\n> 「民主主義{みんしゅしゅぎ}は、一度{いちど}運動{うんどう}を止{と}めると、使{つか}わない筋肉{きんにく}のように弱{よわ}くなってしまうので、運動{うんどう}を続{つづ}けなければなりません」と言{い}いました。\n\nIf I translate literally:\n\n> \"About democracy, if stop exercising once, becomes frail like unused muscle\n> therefore, if don't continue exercising don't become,\" she said.\n\nThe last part, logically, seems to be backwards. I would expect either of\n\n> ~運動を続けなかればなります。\n>\n> ~運動を続ければなりません。\n\nIs the original sentence correct and so what is its meaning and why?\n\nI am familiar with \"must do\" expressions using two potential negative forms\nlike:\n\n> ~なければいけません\n\nBut here the ending verb is simply なりません, not a potential form. Would this\nalso express \"must do\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T16:41:56.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40718",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T01:17:55.537",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "13634",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Double negative not making sense",
"view_count": 557
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, ~なければなりません also means the same as ~なければいけません. These two can be regarded\nas fixed phrases.\n\nTherefore 運動を続けなければなりません means \"they must continue the campaign.\"\n\nIt's enough if you understand this as a fixed phrase, but this can also be\nexplained in a literal way:\n\nThe verb なる can mean \"to succeed\" or \"to complete\" as described in\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%88%90%E3%82%8B) and ~なければ means \"if one\ndoesn't ~\".\n\nSo ~なければなりません can be interpreted as \"if one doesn't ~, it's not ok\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T16:55:26.183",
"id": "40719",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T23:55:19.947",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-06T23:55:19.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "40718",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 40718 | 40719 | 40719 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm trying to pin down the connotations of the word '愛する', romanised as\n'aisuru'.\n\nI had read that there were two forms of love - koi and ai - in a manga once.\nThe original Japanese went - 'if you're alone, koi doesn't become ai!' And the\nEnglish equivalent was 'true love is for two people!'\n\nSo my question is, is ai for romantic situations only or not? Is it deeper\nthan koi, which I had believed meant 'infatuation' or 'crush'?\n\nWhat would be the connotation using 'aisuru' when referring to the love\nsomeone has for someone else?\n\nE.g. If I said to someone 'your love for Jane/John' using the word 'aisuru'?\nCould that someone love Jane/John as family or platonically using 'aisuru'?\n\nIf you have any points related to Japanese culture, please feel free to\ninclude them in your answer!\n\n[Edit: different than proposed in that a third party is the one speaking about\nthe love between two other people, and I am concerned with 'aisuru'\nspecifically].",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T17:25:49.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40720",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T17:46:16.220",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-06T17:46:16.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "18571",
"owner_user_id": "18571",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"connotation"
],
"title": "Difference between koi and ai, aisuru",
"view_count": 251
} | []
| 40720 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does もっとも mean in the following sentences?\n\n> 日本人はしょうゆの味が好きです。 **もっとも** そうでない人もいますが。\n>\n> この宝くじを買うと一万ドル当たりますよ。 **もっとも** 運がよければの話ですが。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T21:15:40.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40722",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T02:08:35.793",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14266",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of もっとも in the following sentences",
"view_count": 1020
} | [
{
"body": "This もっとも is not 最も but 尤も (although both are cognates). You can replace it by\n当然 in both of your example sentences.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T21:57:59.817",
"id": "40723",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-06T21:57:59.817",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "40722",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The 「もっとも(~~が。)」 means 「とは言え」「そうは言うものの」「ただし」, \"however\" \"although\" \"for all\nthat,\" \"provided that ~~\" or \"only ~~\", and is often followed by 「~~が。」, as in\nthe formula 「Sentence. + もっとも + Sentence + が.」\n\nIt's 2⃣接続詞 (conjunction) in\n[デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/219472/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82/):\n\n>\n> [接]前の事柄を肯定しつつ、例外あるいは一部相反する内容を補足するときに用いる。とはいうものの。なるほどそうだが。ただし。「旅行にはみんな参加する。もっとも行かない人も二、三いるが」\n\nSo your sentences would translate to something like:\n\n> * 日本人はしょうゆの味が好きです。 **もっとも** そうでない人もいます **が** 。 \n> Japanese people are fond of the taste of soy sauce, although there also are\n> people who aren't.\n> * この宝くじを買うと一万ドル当たりますよ。 **もっとも** 運がよければの話です **が** 。 \n> Buy this lottery ticket and you'll win 10,000 dollars -- only if [provided\n> that] you're lucky.\n>\n\nSome more examples*:\n\n> * 彼は力が強い、もっとも体も大きいがね。 \n> He is strong, but then he is big, too.\n> * 女にはこの仕事はできない、もっとも例外はあるが。 \n> Women cannot do this job, although there are some exceptions.\n> * 彼はよく人と約束する。もっとも履行した例はないが。 \n> He makes promises, only [though] he never keeps them.\n> * 彼女は英語を話すのがへただ。もっとも、日本語で話すのもそううまくないが。 \n> She speaks English very poorly. She doesn't speak Japanese so well either,\n> though.\n>\n\n* Examples taken from _New Japanese-English Dictionary_ (Kenkyusha) and _Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary_ (Shogakukan)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-06T22:07:19.710",
"id": "40724",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T02:08:35.793",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-07T02:08:35.793",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "40722",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40722 | null | 40724 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40728",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> 当時の人間どもの手 **である** 改造を施された\n\nI'm not sure if である is being used as the copula or the で part is used to mean\n\"by the hands of this people\" as in means of action",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T02:17:46.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40725",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T07:23:07.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Usage of である in this sentence",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "```\n\n で : by\n ある: one(or some)\n \n```\n\nある is just modifying 改造, like \"ある日(one day)\". If splitting the sentence by a\nspace, it becomes:\n\n```\n\n 当時の 人間どもの 手で ある改造を 施された\n \n```\n\nor changing its order:\n\n```\n\n ある改造を当時の人間どもの手で施された\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T07:23:07.797",
"id": "40728",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T07:23:07.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18422",
"parent_id": "40725",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40725 | 40728 | 40728 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40727",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a manga, while a guy was sleeping, someone used a marker to write on him.\nHe wrote `牛` on his forehead and `空回り人生` on his chest. Considering it was a\njoke, can `牛` be offensive or funny in some way? I think that `空回り人生` could\nmean something like `loser`, but I don't understand why he wrote `牛`. It is\nneither a reference to the personality of the character nor to the plot of the\nmanga.\n\nI know `cow` can be an insult in English, but what about Japanese?\n\nYou can see the page in question [here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NieGl.jpg).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T04:17:07.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40726",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T07:12:33.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"puns",
"offensive-words",
"jokes"
],
"title": "Can 牛 be an insult?",
"view_count": 1116
} | [
{
"body": "I think it depends on the context. But maybe...\n\nIn キン肉マン(kin-niku-man), an old famous manga, many heroes have a kanji on their\nforehead. Be affected by this manga, writing a kanji on the sleeper's forehead\nbecame a common prank in Japan. Typically, the kanji is [肉]{にく}(meats),\nbecause this kanji is on the main hero's forehead.\n\nNext, there is a proverb 「[食]{た}べてすぐ[寝]{ね}ると[牛]{うし}になる(If you go to bed as\nsoon as eating, you'll become a cow.)」 in Japan.\n\nSo I guess:\n\nWhy a kanji is written on the sleeper's forehead? --> Because it's a common\nprank with the sleeper in Japan, as drawing eyes on the eyelids.\n\nWhy the kanji is 牛? --> Because he is sleeping (if he went to bed just after\neating).\n\nOf course, if a cow has a special meaning in the manga, the kanji 牛 may also\nhas a different meaning from my estimate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T07:12:33.890",
"id": "40727",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T07:12:33.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18422",
"parent_id": "40726",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40726 | 40727 | 40727 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40731",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Hey i was listening to this song And it felt weird for me when one of these\nlines seemed to lack a particle, I am wondering if it is lacking one and it is\nok to do so since it is a song, or if there was no need to a particle in\nthere...\n\n[君の前前前世から僕は君を探し始めたよ]\n\nWhy can I say 探し始めた without a particle, would it be ok to say 探しを始めた?\n\nIs it perhaps like the difference between \"I began to look for\" vs \"I began\nlooking for\" ?\n\nWhen it's ok to drop a particle in casual speech? I know that if my sentence\ncontains only one \"が\" particle it'd not be ok to drop it, but what about\nsentences with more particles?\n\nThanks in advance",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T12:03:55.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40729",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T12:43:11.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Dropping particles in casual speech/songs",
"view_count": 890
} | [
{
"body": "No particle has been omitted in your example sentence. You can not say `masu-\nstem + を始める` in the first place (unless the \"verb\" is actually a lexicalized\nnoun derived from some verb (eg 支払い = payment, 戦い = battle)).\n\nRegardless of whether it's in speech or not, `masu-stem + 始める` is the right\nway of saying \"start to [verb]\", and there must _not_ be any particle in\nbetween.\n\n * 歩き始める start to walk\n * 見始める start to watch\n * 食べ始める start to eat\n\nDon't ask me why. Japanese language has [tons of 複合動詞 (compound\nverbs)](http://vvlexicon.ninjal.ac.jp/en/) which just look like this; 走り出す,\n飛び立つ, 動き回る, 出払う, and so on.\n\nNot to be confused with [subsidiary\nverbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010), which are small in\nnumber, and always follow the te-form of another verb.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T12:35:54.583",
"id": "40731",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T12:43:11.087",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40729",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 40729 | 40731 | 40731 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40732",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the following 2 sentences:\n\n> A: 彼は恥をかく。He disgraces himself.\n>\n> B: 彼は恥をかかされる。He is disgraced.\n\n# Questions\n\n 1. Is `かかされる` rather than `かかれる` the passive form of `かく` in this case?\n\n 2. Why does `彼は恥をかく` mean `He disgraced himself` while the sentence does not mention to whom the effect of `恥をかく` applies?\n\n 3. Is it possible to say `彼は彼女に恥をかく` to mean `He disgraces her`?\n\n 4. How can the active `彼は恥をかく` have the same effect as the passive `彼は恥をかかされる`?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T12:27:24.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40730",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T13:28:03.443",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "恥をかく versus 恥をかかされる",
"view_count": 407
} | [
{
"body": "1. No, かかされる is the passive form of **かかす** , which is the old causative form of かく. We have a small set of verbs which derived from the old causative forms and are inherently causative (eg. 寝かす, 負かす). Using only modern grammar, かかされる would be かかせられる.\n\n 2. 恥をかく is 恥を掻く in kanji, and according to [a dictionary](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/38483/meaning/m0u/), 掻く can mean something like \"to expose/show something unfavorable from one's body\".\n\n> 7 あまり好ましくないものを表面にだす。 \n> ㋐恥などを身に受ける。「赤っ恥を―・く」 \n> ㋑涙や汗などをからだの外に出す。「寝汗を―・く」「べそを―・く」 \n> ㋒いびきを立てる。「高いびきを―・く」\n\nSo etymologically speaking, 恥をかく is \"to show one's shame/humiliation to\nsomeone\", hence it means \"to disgrace oneself\".\n\n 3. No, you can't say that. Seeing the examples above, you can see 掻く is only for showing the doer's own unfavorable things. Instead, you have to use the causative form and say either 彼は彼女に恥をかかす or 彼は彼女に恥をかかせる.\n\n 4. So 彼は恥を掻く means \"He shows his shame\" and 彼は恥を掻かされる means \"He is made to show his shame\" (causative + passive). They mean roughly the same thing, but the latter implies someone else has disgraced him. The former can be used when he did something embarrassing all by himself.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T13:08:37.190",
"id": "40732",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T13:28:03.443",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-07T13:28:03.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40730",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40730 | 40732 | 40732 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40888",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Why is the past tense used in this verbs (which doesn't make sense to me at\nleast)\n\n> 生きてい **た** …?違うな…死ねなかったのだよ…!\n>\n> 再生機能を持っ **た** このアーマーに押し込みおった\n\nand the translation uses present tense\n\n> Survive? That's easy... Because I can't die!\n>\n> And switched my body for this armor with the power to rejuvenate me\n\nDoes it make sense to use the past tense? or it's just how the character\ntalks?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T14:03:18.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40733",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-15T09:51:28.133",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"translation",
"tense",
"modality"
],
"title": "Non conventional usage of the past tense",
"view_count": 961
} | [
{
"body": "After much investigation I came to the conclusion that the use of past tense\nin these sentences could mean: \n1.-Showing confirmation: In the first sentence the character confirms to the\nhero that he indeed did not died in the explosion. \n2.-Dialect: I've read somewhere that some people above 50 in Hokkaido talk\nwith past tense when they should be using the present tense. \n3.-Just how the language is: I've read that the concept of tenses is not the\nsame for all the languages in the world, so maybe using the past tense in that\nway makes sense for the japanese and just need to get used to it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-09T19:36:26.773",
"id": "40775",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-09T19:36:26.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"parent_id": "40733",
"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "Finally I found an explanation that possibly answers at least your original\nquestion. This usage of \"past tense\" is called **発見の「た」** ( _ta_ for\ndiscovery) or **ムードの「た」** (modal _ta_ ).\n\nMost articles about this are written in Japanese, but here's an article\nwritten in English: [Another Function of the Ta-form: Discovery and\nRecall](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/another-function-of-the-\nta-form-discovery-and-recall/)\n\nIn a nutshell, my understanding is that た/だ, typically after ある/いる/ない, can\nsometimes express the nuance of \"I've noticed ...\", \"I've just recalled ...\"\nor \"(In spite of one's prevoius knowledge/belief,) the fact is...\". It\nactually refers to something _in the present_.\n\n> * へえ、君はフランス語が読め **た** んですね。 \n> Wow, you **can** read French! (although I have thought you can't)\n> * (after looking for a wallet for a while) あっ、財布、こんなところにあっ **た** のか! \n> Oh! There it **is** , my wallet!\n> * そうでし **た** 、明日は休みでし **た** 。今思い出しました。 \n> Yeah, that **is** right, I **have** the day off tomorrow. I've just\n> recalled that.\n> * (after trying to open a door) おっと、鍵がかかって **た** 。 \n> Oops, the door **is** locked.\n>\n\nAs you can see, \"fixing (or updating) one's previous knowledge/expectation\"\nseems to be the key here. So saying 「お前、生きていたのか!」 is okay because he has\nbelieved the opponent in front of him is dead.\n\nReferences (These are very long articles and I haven't read them all):\n\n * [定延利之 「た」発話をおこなう権利](http://www.cocopb.com/NichiNichi/journal_1/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC/2010/5/5_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%EF%BC%8F%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6__1__2010_files/2010_1_sadanobu.pdf) (English title: Who Can Finish His/Her Sentence with TA in Japanese Communication?)\n * [日本語可能文における「発見のタ」と格標示](http://www.ipc.shimane-u.ac.jp/eigogaku/pdf_kobayashi/presentations/2009_danwa_hakken.pdf)\n\nRelated question:\n\n * [まだいたとはね meaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30285/5010)\n * [Usage of plain i-adjectives or た form (悪かったv悪い、良かったvいい etc)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21347/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T08:53:03.437",
"id": "40888",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40733",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 18
}
]
| 40733 | 40888 | 40888 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40735",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I don't understand the difference between 取り替える and 入れ替える。Could anyone explain\nto me the difference?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T14:27:35.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40734",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T00:40:49.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 取り替える and 入れ替える",
"view_count": 423
} | [
{
"body": "**取り替える**\n\n 1. To exchange similar things each other\n\n> 友達と時計を取り替えた。 \n> I exchanged watches with a friend.\n\n 2. To replace something old for a new one\n\n> 切れた電球を新しいものに取り替えた。 \n> I replaced a burnt-out light bulb for a new one.\n\n**入れ替える**\n\n 1. To replace/change something contained\n\n> その野球チームはスタメンを入れ替えた。 \n> The baseball team changed the starting line-up.\n>\n> 気持ちを入れ替えようと思います。 \n> I will turn over a new leaf.\n\nIn some cases, 取り替える and 入れ替える are interchangeable (入れ替えられる but not 取り替えられる).\n\n> 切れた時計の電池を取り替えた/入れ替えた \n> I replaced the dead battery of my clock for a new one.\n\nIn this example, either 取り替える and 入れ替える can be used since the battery is old\nand containd in a clock .\n\nAs far as I think, both the words 入れ替える and 取り替える themselves don't have the\nnuance related to the quality although the purpose of 入れ替え or 取り替え may be to\nupgrade or to maintain the quality.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T17:35:06.133",
"id": "40735",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T17:35:06.133",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18522",
"parent_id": "40734",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "For things with which you can use 取り出す (\"to detach\") or 取る (\"to remove\", \"to\npick\"), you can generally use 取り替える, too. 取り出す is often used with machine\nparts, so 取り替える is typically used with replacing an old or broken part with a\nnew or better one.\n\nFor things with which you can use 入れる (\"to put in\"), you can generally use\n入れ替える, too.\n\n> * タイヤを取り替える (○タイヤを取り出す ×タイヤを入れる)\n> * おむつを取り替える (○おむつを取る ×おむつを入れる)\n> * バケツの水を取り替える/入れ替える (○バケツの水を取り出す ○バケツに水を入れる)\n> * CDプレーヤーのCDを取り替える/入れ替える (○CDを取り出す ○CDを入れる)\n> * 電池を取り替える/入れ替える (○機械から電池を取り出す ○機械に電池を入れる)\n> * 部屋の空気を入れ替える (×部屋の空気を取り出す ○部屋に空気を入れる)\n> * 劇場の客を入れ替える (×劇場の客を取り出す ○劇場に客を入れる)\n>\n\nWe also have 貼り替える (for wallpapers, posters, etc), 付け替える (for earrings, etc.),\n着替える (for clothes) and so on, depending on the object to be replaced.\n\n入れ替える also means \"to exchange/swap (two places, values, etc)\" rather than \"to\nreplace\". 取り替える is sometimes used in the same sense, too, but I think 入れ替える is\nfar more common.\n\n> * AさんとBさんが座っている場所を入れ替える/取り替える\n> * 変数xとyの値を入れ替える/取り替える\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T17:52:03.353",
"id": "40736",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T00:40:49.963",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-08T00:40:49.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40734",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 40734 | 40735 | 40736 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40738",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Thanks in advance for your help. I'm reading a manga (full of slang, which\nmakes it so hard!) and I ran across this sentence:\n\n(panel 1)\n\n * 俺だったら素直に喜べたか!? \n\n * ああまでされて \n\n(panel 2) 追い詰められて!?\n\nTo get you the context of the whole sentence, this occurs in the middle of two\npeople's conversation about a third person, who's working hard because the\nthird individual knows everyone will stand for him. The character who thinks\nthis line had never realized the third guy felt pressed by their support, and\nin fact was feeling envious that the other guy was doing better than him\ndespite being a novice.\n\nMy best guess is that the exchange goes something like this: \"Had it been me,\nwould I be pleased with it? / Had I been put under such pressure?\" I have\nabsolutely no clue of what ああまでされて means here. Is it あんなにまで or even あそこまで?\n\nThanks again for any insight!!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T18:03:09.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40737",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T18:19:20.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14496",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"slang",
"idioms"
],
"title": "What does ああまでされて mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, ああまで is interchangeable with あんなにまで, あそこまで or あんなことまで in this case. ああ\nhere refers to something cruel which was done to them in the story.\n\nああまでされて literally means \"even things like that is done, (and/but/so ...)\". You\ncan perhaps translate this as \"Even after (someone) did such a thing to\nyou/me/us...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T18:19:20.193",
"id": "40738",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-07T18:19:20.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40737",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40737 | 40738 | 40738 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40741",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm curious about the final line of the musician Kishi Bashi's song [\"Atticus,\nin the Desert\"](http://songmeanings.com/songs/view/3530822107859428817/):\n\n> あたま ふらふら ゆびさき が かたくなる\n\nI understand the _direct_ translation of this (\"head dizzy fingertips get\nhard\") but it seems as if there must be a figurative or poetic meaning to ゆびさき\nが かたくなる. Otherwise it just sounds like disconnected nonsense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T19:25:21.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40739",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T00:32:45.343",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-07T22:14:39.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "18061",
"owner_user_id": "18061",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"metaphor"
],
"title": "Is there a poetic or metaphorical meaning to ゆびさき が かたくなる?",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "指先が硬くなる is not a well-known idiomatic phrase. Judging from the rest of the\nlyrics, the person(?) in the song is about to be swallowed by sand. So I feel\nthis line suggests his finger is so dried that he cannot move his finger\nanymore.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T00:32:45.343",
"id": "40741",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T00:32:45.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40739",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40739 | 40741 | 40741 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40757",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In \"Japanese in MangaLand\" Lesson 35, the \"negative te form\" and \"the te form\nof the negative\" were both introduced. And a table was showing the following:\n\nsimple | neg. -te | -te f. of the neg.\n\n教える | 教えないで | 教えなくて\n\n...\n\n貸す | 貸さないで | 貸さなくて\n\nBut I was confused, could anyone please tell when I should use which please?\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-07T22:33:48.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40740",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-27T22:11:01.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17615",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"て-form"
],
"title": "\"negative te form\" vs \"te form of the negative\"",
"view_count": 18590
} | [
{
"body": "OK, after further reading I kind of get at least some difference between the\ntwo.\n\nないで is \"don't do something\", while なくて can be used with いい and that means \"not\nneed to do something\" or \"even not do something, it is still OK\".\n\nだけど甘く見ないでね But don't underestimate me (it is not OK to under-estimate me).\n\n郵便を出すのを忘れないでください。 Please don't forget to send the mail.\n\n何も思い出さなくていい You don't need to remember anything (it is still OK).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T22:00:56.603",
"id": "40757",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-27T22:11:01.673",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-27T22:11:01.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "17615",
"owner_user_id": "17615",
"parent_id": "40740",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "You'll have to learn the grammar to know the differences. They are just not\nused in the same situations.\n\n> [好]{す}きじゃないなら、[食]{た}べなくて[も]いいよ。 \n> If you don't like it, it's ok not to eat it. \n>\n>\n> [昨日]{きのう}は、[疲]{つか}れたから、[歯]{は}を[磨]{みが}かないで、[寝]{ね}た。 \n> Yesterday I was tired, so I went to bed without brushing my teeth. \n>\n>\n> それを[触]{さわ}らないでよ! \n> Don't touch that!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-09T00:50:42.807",
"id": "40764",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-09T13:09:47.570",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-09T13:09:47.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18582",
"parent_id": "40740",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40740 | 40757 | 40764 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40744",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I wanted to say, \"Ken's getting better and better at Japanese\", then would\nthis be correct?\n\n> けんさんはだんだんじょうずになります。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T02:33:35.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40743",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T06:03:13.517",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-08T06:03:13.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "16223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "How to use だんだん properly?",
"view_count": 668
} | [
{
"body": "Your usage of だんだん is just fine. It's a standalone adverb which can be used\nwithout any other particle. An adverb is usually placed just before what it\nmodifies (in this case, じょうずになる).\n\n* * *\n\nYou have to use the progressive form of なります; otherwise the sentence would\nmean \"Ken gets (or will get) better and better at Japanese\".\n\n> けんさんはだんだん日本語【にほんご】が上手【じょうず】になっています。\n\nTo make this a bit more natural, you can add a subsidiary verb\n[~てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010) and say:\n\n> けんさんはだんだん日本語が上手になってきています。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T03:06:37.840",
"id": "40744",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T03:06:37.840",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40743",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40743 | 40744 | 40744 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40746",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why they used -ていれば instead of -ば in this context ? [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UYA9t.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T03:50:01.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40745",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T17:18:08.660",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-08T17:18:08.660",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"aspect"
],
"title": "why they used -ていれば instead of -ば?",
"view_count": 956
} | [
{
"body": "> 俺がもっと早く飛天を倒していれば… If only I had defeated Hiten much earlier...\n>\n> 俺がもっと早く飛天を倒せば… If I defeat Hiten much more quickly...\n\nている here describes the continuation of state. See: [When is Vている the\ncontinuation of action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)\n\n倒す here is a change-in-state verb (a.k.a. a punctual verb, 瞬間動詞)\n\n> 俺は飛天を倒している。 \n> I have (already) defeated Hiten. (at some point in the past)\n\nThe speaker is not thinking about whether or not he will defeat Hiten in front\nof him now. He is regretting that he did not defeat Hiten somewhere in the\npast, so ている is necessary here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T04:12:53.480",
"id": "40746",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T04:12:53.480",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40745",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 40745 | 40746 | 40746 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40756",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As I understand it お父さん is the usual way to refer to someone else's father in\neveryday speech.\n\nWhat about when you are writing a formal discussion (for an academic audience)\nof an interview you had with someone? Is 父 or 父親 better for this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T06:46:36.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40747",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T21:09:41.693",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-08T07:33:41.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "583",
"owner_user_id": "583",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"politeness",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "Is お父さん appropriate for formal writing?",
"view_count": 294
} | [
{
"body": "I would take no risk, and go with お父様.\n\nIn my understanding, 父親 is more like the generic word for father. From\n<http://jisho.org>: \n\n> Father \n> A father (or dad) is defined as a male parent or Individual progenitor of\n> human offspring.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T07:32:01.650",
"id": "40748",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T07:32:01.650",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18582",
"parent_id": "40747",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I would suggest the exact opposite, when writing especially for an academic\naudience you should minimize the amount of 敬語 as there specific styling for\njust that use case (である/だ vs. です)\n\naccording to a tertiary search on Google, it seems just using 父 and 母 is best.\n\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1244256012>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T21:09:41.693",
"id": "40756",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T21:09:41.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18596",
"parent_id": "40747",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40747 | 40756 | 40748 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm sure many people learning a language have written their name in that\nlanguage. Before actively learning Japanese, I noticed that any translation\nwebsite changed the spelling of my name. It went from Miranda to Mirinda.\nSince there is a character for Ra why is it not used? Is it a matter of\npronunciation?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T14:16:45.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40749",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-09T17:33:02.580",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-09T16:59:53.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18588",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"orthography",
"names"
],
"title": "How do you write \"Miranda\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1697
} | [
{
"body": "Miranda transliterates unambiguously to ミランダ _Miranda_. In fact, ラ _ra_ is\npronounced [[ɺa]], where [[ɺ]] is a sound between R and L.\n\nIn fact, the names of many other people (or places) called Miranda are\ntranscribed in this way (see\n[ミランダ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80) on\nJapanese Wikipedia).\n\nYou can also check the ENAMDICT database for Japanese names (via\n<http://jisho.org>, for example). The database contains a fair number of\nforeign names (of people and places) transliterated to Japanese. For \"Miranda\"\nthey are all transliterated as ミランダ: <http://jisho.org/search/miranda>.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T14:28:21.393",
"id": "40751",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-09T14:32:44.103",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-09T14:32:44.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "40749",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "It could be a spell checker causing the problem...\n\nMiranda ミ: Mi ラ: Ra ン: N ダ: Da",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-09T17:33:02.580",
"id": "40772",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-09T17:33:02.580",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18604",
"parent_id": "40749",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 40749 | null | 40751 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "what is \"reading materials\" in Japanese?\n\n\"reading materials\" は日本語で何ですか?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T14:23:59.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40750",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T06:53:16.580",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T06:53:16.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18589",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "what is \"reading materials\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 205
} | [
{
"body": "A possible translation is [読]{よ}み[物]{もの}.\n\n> [読]{よ}み: reading, [物]{もの}: matter, material\n>\n> この[本]{ほん}は[面白]{おもしろ}い **読み物** です。 _This book (reading material) is\n> interesting_\n\nBut then there are alternatives which relies on your context. An example\nsentence in English would help you get some alternatives.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T15:28:53.817",
"id": "40754",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-08T15:59:30.473",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18591",
"parent_id": "40750",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40750 | null | 40754 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 限定とポイントで買わないことを損にする\n\nI am currently working on a difficult translation to do with marketing that\nhas very little context with a lot of sentences in isolation. It is to do with\nbehavioural economics. I'm wondering if anyone knows what 限定 and ポイント are\nreferring to in the above sentence. There is no context other than it is from\na list of subtitles in a book to do with companies and their marketing\nstrategies.\n\nAlso, does anyone know if ボリュームゾーン不況 could be translated as a 'recession in\nthe volume zone'?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-08T15:52:08.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40755",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T16:45:31.327",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T06:52:44.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What do 限定 and ポイント mean in this sentence about marketing?",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "限定 is an abbreviation of 限定商品.\n\nIf you have a ポイントカード of a shop, you can get \"points\" according to your amount\nof purchase. The points can be accumulated and be used for later purchases.\nThe word ポイント in your sentence means this reward system. This kind of ポイントシステム\nis very popular to enclose customers in Japan.\n\nボリュームゾーン不況 is explained in [this\nwebpage](https://thepage.jp/detail/20150417-00000003-wordleaf). \nThis word seems a term coined in Japan, so you should find an appropriate\nEnglish expression by yourself.",
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| 40755 | null | 40758 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40760",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I noticed many i-adjectives ending with く. I need to know why that happens.\n\nいつか、あなたは背が **高く** なるでしょう。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-08T22:54:40.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Why does い become く?",
"view_count": 232
} | [
{
"body": "Simply because that is how you use i-adjective.\n\ni-adjectives\n\n> 高 **い** -> tall \n> 高 **くない** -> not tall \n> 高 **くなる** -> become tall\n\nna-adjectives\n\n> すてき -> lovely \n> すてき **じゃない** -> not lovely \n> すてき **になる** -> become lovely",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-08T23:29:29.523",
"id": "40760",
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{
"body": "Specifically, what's happening is that you're going from the adjective form to\nthe adverb form. This can seem a bit weird when you think you're just trying\nto make a negative form or something, but that's how it works - roughly\nspeaking, you're going from \"takai\" = \"tall\" to \"takaku nai\" = \"not in a tall\nfashion\" = \"not tall\".\n\ni-adjectives behave a bit more like verbs in their conjugations, while na-\nadjectives behave a bit more like nouns, in that when you do stuff with an\ni-adjective you directly mess around with the ending, while with na-adjectives\nyou leave the word untouched and just use particles and verbs to do all the\nheavy lifting.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-09T00:32:52.437",
"id": "40761",
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"body": "Basically, changing the い to a く turns the adjective into an adverb.\n\n> [速]{はや} **い** = quick \n> [速]{はや} **く** = quickly\n\nAs mentioned by [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/40760/18582), this is also used\nto make the negative form of い adjectives:\n\n> [小]{ちい}さ **い** = small \n> [小]{ちい}さ **くない** = not small",
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| 40759 | 40760 | 40760 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40766",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm revising an essay that I wrote and one of my lines is a little beyond my\ncurrent grammar abilities. My original line is:\n\n> 友達はそこに行ったことは分かったことはありません\n\nWhat I'm trying to say is:\n\n> My friend still has not discovered that we went there.\n\nSince I'm not sure how to rework the multiple experiences to make sense, my\nfirst thought is to change it to something like:\n\n> 友達はそこに行ったこと(?)まだ分かりません\n\nTo potentially be read more like \"My friend does not yet know that we went\nthere\". Though I'm not sure on the proper particle to use there or if that\nversion makes any more sense than the previous.\n\nAny suggestions for how I can best phrase this?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-09T01:08:49.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40765",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-09T01:25:10.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18599",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Fixing my grammar on a line in my essay",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "Your last attempt is close.\n\n * 分かる is \"to understand\" rather than \"to notice\". Try using [気づく](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%B0%97%E4%BB%98%E3%81%8F) instead. And the particle you need before 気づく is `に` (although `を` is sometimes acceptable).\n * は should be replaced with が in subordinate clauses. This is because subordinate clauses does not work as the topic of the whole sentence.\n\nNow you'll get this:\n\n> 友達は(私が)そこに行ったことにまだ気づいていません。\n\nAs for why I used 気づいていません instead of 気づきません, see: [When is Vている the\ncontinuation of action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)\n\n私が can be omitted if it's inferred from the context. But you have to use 私が\ninstead of 私は here, because the topic of the whole sentence is not 私 but 友達.\n\n**EDIT:** [ことがある](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=koto%20ga%20aru)\nis closer to \"there are times when ~\". Saying \"友達は(私が)そこに行ったことにまだ気づいたことがありません\"\nwould sound like you go to the place on a regular basis but your friend has\nnever noticed that even once.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-09T01:37:08.303",
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{
"body": "When you use「に」、it refers the matter as the target.\n\nE.g\n\n私は 友達に プレゼントをあげました。 I gave a present to my friend.\n\nThe usage of「に」here is the same as above used as the target.\n\nYou can find good materials here.\n<http://www.mlcjapanese.co.jp/Download/Particles.pdf>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-09T17:42:52.080",
"id": "40773",
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| 40765 | 40766 | 40766 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40769",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> raj-san 五月雨式で申し訳ないのですが、緒方さんに実装のご説明をどこかでしていただくお願いを連絡しようと思います。取り急ぎご報告まで、\n\nI understood that a guy is asking for some explanation of coding, but I\ncouldn't understand what does **五月雨式** mean here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-09T04:45:36.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40767",
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"owner_user_id": "10437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "What does 五月雨式 means in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1893
} | [
{
"body": "さみだれしきに【五月雨式に】: intermittently; off and on\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/edc/16001990401/meaning/m0u/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E9%9B%A8%E5%BC%8F/>",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-09T05:04:18.523",
"id": "40768",
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"score": 1
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{
"body": "[五月雨]{さみだれ}式ですみません (or more infrequently 五月雨式にすみません) is a fixed expression.\nIndeed, you can have 申し訳ありません as in your email to make it more polite.\n\nYou can understand, 五月雨式で申し訳ありません as \"sorry to bother you again\". He might\nhave sent you a lot of e-mails recently and he is apologizing for \"spamming\"\nyou.\n\n五月雨式に means \"like the ceaseless pourings of May\".\n\nAll in all, your sentence means:\n\n> Sorry to bother you again but, I am thinking about contacting 緒方さん to ask\n> for some explanations about the implementation. Sorry for the brevity but\n> you know what I will do.\n\nI had a long hesitation whether [緒方]{おがた}さんに binds to 連絡 or していただく I assumed\nit was 連絡.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-09T13:24:56.513",
"id": "40769",
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| 40767 | 40769 | 40769 |
{
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"body": "I would want to say something like \"exams are just round the corner.\" , is\n\"Shiken mou chikai desu.\" acceptable?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-09T13:41:50.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40770",
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"owner_user_id": "18589",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"time"
],
"title": "Can we use \"Chikai\" for time?",
"view_count": 269
} | [
{
"body": "Chikai 近い can be used for time definitely.\n\n> 試験(が)もう近いです \n> Shiken(ga) mou chikai desu.\n\nThis is a totally acceptable expression, preferably with the particle 'ga'.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-09T19:23:45.883",
"id": "40774",
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{
"body": "Yes, you can use 近い\n\nBut you can also use もうすぐ to better express the nuance of \"just round the\ncorner\".\n\n> もうすぐ{LLLL}試験です。",
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| 40770 | null | 40774 |
{
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"body": "What does that mean in the dialogue below.\n\n> すみません。質問があります。\n>\n> **何でしょうか** 。",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does 何でしょうか mean?",
"view_count": 1056
} | [
{
"body": "It's a polite way of saying 何ですか\n\nでしょう can have other meanings, but in this case it just means です。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-09T21:00:49.157",
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| 40776 | 40778 | 40778 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40782",
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"body": "I was looking at the picture of a newspaper during the times of the Hibiya\nriot (1905) and it took me a while to find the headline word 出鱈目{でたらめ}. In\nfact, in every dictionary I have checked so far the kanji 鱈 is written as I am\ntyping it, with the left part being simply 魚. However, as you can see in the\npicture the bottom part of 魚 seems to be 大 instead of 灬.\n\nI could not find any dictionary where the kanji is written as in the picture\nbelow. Is it just a typographical difference? Are 大 and 灬 somehow related and\nI just don't know about it?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9iFHe.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-10T00:04:27.923",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-07T16:46:21.953",
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"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "About the kanji 鱈 where 魚's bottom is written as 大",
"view_count": 1041
} | [
{
"body": "It's a nonstandard variant (異体字) of 鱈.\n\nIn modern kanji dictionaries, 火 and 灬 (れんが) are usually considered different.\nBut etymologically, [these are the same\nradical](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E9%83%A8), both representing\nfire.\n\n> **脚にあるときは、「灬」の形に変わる。**\n\n魚 is a [象形文字 (hieroglyph) made from the picture of\nfish](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AD%9A#Glyph_origin), and the four\ndots are not related to fire. 魚 is a radical in its own right. But the\ncharacter 魚 was sometimes written with 火 at the bottom anyway. The bottom part\nof 点 is sometimes replaced by 大, too. ~~This is probably etymologically not\ncorrect, but was used~~ (according to @sazarando's answer, looks like 魚 with 火\nwas used in ancient China, too).\n\nOne article says 魚 with 大 at the bottom was preferred by sushi restaurants\nwhere they are expected to serve \"raw and big\" pieces of fish meat.\n\nSee:\n\n * [「魚」や「点」の「よつてん」は「大」と書くことがありますが、「黒」や「薫」の「よつてん」を「大」とは書かないように思います。なぜなのでしょうか?](http://kanjibunka.com/kanji-faq/old-faq/q0196/)\n * [【火, 灬】(ひ,ひへん,れんが,よつてん,れっか)を部首に持つ漢字](http://dict.v01.jp/bushu/letters/86/)\n * [Unicode Han Character '(J) nonstandard variant of 魚 U+9B5A, fish'](http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/29d4b/index.htm)\n * [GlyphWiki u9c48 (鱈)](http://glyphwiki.org/wiki/u9c48)",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-10T00:33:13.207",
"id": "40780",
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{
"body": "It's an older but common variant of the fish radical.\n\n(The entries below are for the character「蘇」which is much more common\nthan「鱈」but illustrates the same development)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ngmrC.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/f3y1S.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6rNaR.png)\n\nLooks like it is related this way:\n\n> a. 火 ⇒ 大 \n> b. 火 ⇒ 灬\n\n * a. was used commonly in the past, but now b. is more popular.\n * One possible reason for this is that changing to 大 reduces the total strokes of the character by one, and many people are very concered about the \"auspiciousness\" of the total stroke count number.\n * @naruto makes a very good point that the「火」shape that appears in the older variants of the fish radical is not related to fire because the fish radical is a complete pictograph in it's own right. In other words, it's not made up of smaller parts, so any change to the _shape_ of the fish radical wouldn't really alter the meaning. \n\n<http://www.cidianwang.com/shufa/su7387.htm> \n<http://www.guoxuedashi.com/zidian/8607.html> \n<http://www.shufazidian.com/>",
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| 40779 | 40782 | 40782 |
{
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"body": "I'm studying for JLPT4 and i'm trying to understand the questions on the test\nsample of the official page.\n\nMy doubts(bold words are the correct answer, i've checked it in the answers\ndocument):\n\n * 誕生日に 田中さんから 何を もらったんですか。\n * 田中さん **からは** 腕時計を もらいました。\n\nThe listed answers are: からが からに からで からは. Why is the answer からは and not just\nから?\n\nnext:\n\n * すみません、山田さんは どこですか?\n * 山田さんは 会議中ですが、会議は 11時半 **までには** 終わると 思います。\n\nAnswers: までは までには までも までにも\n\nWhy is it までにも and no までには? I can understand までに but i can't understand the\nlast は.\n\nThat's all, thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-10T00:33:20.703",
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"owner_user_id": "18606",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Doubts about some sentences - は usage in combination with other particles",
"view_count": 551
} | [
{
"body": "「からは」、「までには」がそれぞれ正解です。\n\nまず、問題作成者の意図を汲んで解答すると良いのではないでしょうか。\nおそらく、単独の「に」と、結合した「には」のニュアンスの差を理解させたい問題なのでしょう。\n\n「に」と「は」が結合した「には」の場合は「取り立て」、「注目」、「抽出」、「特記」、「限定」のニュアンスが含まれます。 「田中さん からは 腕時計を\nもらいました。」という言い方をした場合、他の誰かからもプレゼントを貰っていることが暗黙に前提されています。\n複数の人の中で、「《特にorとりわけ》田中さんからについて《限定or抽出or注目or取り立て》すると…」というニュアンスです。\n\n「には」という表現は、「限定」のニュアンスが加わるので、秘密の話、内緒話の場面でよく使われます。\n例文:「あなたには打ち明けておくけれども…」を「あなたに打ち明けておくけれども…」とは言いません。\n例文:「彼には黙っていて欲しい。」を「「彼に黙っていて欲しい。」とは言いません。\n\n「までには」と言った場合、「『まだ終わらないのか!』と怒っている相手をなだめようとして、話者が申し訳なく思っている気持ち」や「話者の個人的で希望的な観測(おそらく終わるだろう)」という気持ちの強調(特記)が追加されます。\n\n単に「までに」と言った場合は客観的な表現に留まり、話者の特別な感情は付加されません。\n\n文法面の表面上は、「までには」という表現で特定の時刻に「注目or限定」する形式を採用しています。\nしかし、実際には、話者が相手に許しを請う感情の表現を「取り立て」、「注目」、「抽出」、「特記」という意味が込められています。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-26T04:39:21.870",
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| 40781 | null | 41209 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40784",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> もう1つの大{おお}きな政党{せいとう}の共和党{きょうわとう}からはドナルド・トランプさんが出{で}ました\n\nThis seems simple enough but I don't know how to properly translate.\nLiterally:\n\n> About from the Republican party of the large political party of another one,\n> Donald Trump (appeared?).\n\n\"The Republican party _of the_ political party\" is probably not what the の\nmeans here, but I'm not familiar with other meanings of の.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T02:48:36.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40783",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13634",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Different meanings of の?",
"view_count": 494
} | [
{
"body": "The の is an appositive (同格) particle.\n\n> もう1つの大きな政党 **の** 共和党からは...\n\nYou could rephrase it as もう1つの大きな政党 **である** 共和党からは...\n\n\"From the other major political party, (that is,) the Republican Party, ...\" \n\"From the Republican Party, (which is) the other major political party, ...\"\n\nExamples:\n\n * 友達 **の** 山田くん (my friend Yamada-kun) \n * のねずみ **の** ぐりとぐら (field mice Guri and Gura) \n * 被害者 **の** 男性 (a man who is a victim; a male victim)\n\n* * *\n\n> ドナルド・トランプさんが出ました \n> Donald Trump (appeared?)\n\nThe 出る means [立候補]{りっこうほ}する or [出馬]{しゅつば}する, \"to run (as a candidate / for\npresident)\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T02:52:16.663",
"id": "40784",
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}
]
| 40783 | 40784 | 40784 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40786",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've just started learning Japanese, and I've been told that the か at the end\nof a sentence is playing the role of a question mark (at least in formal\nJapanese). How does the sentence change if the か is removed? Does it just go\nfrom \"How are you?\" to \"You are.\"? Or am I missing something here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T03:21:50.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40785",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "In the interrogative お元気ですか, how does the meaning change if the か is removed?",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "元気 means \"fine\" and お before 元気 describes politeness (to the listener =\n\"you\").\n\nです is \"be\" and か makes it a question.\n\nYou may notice that there is no subject, but it can be inferred to be \"you\",\nbecause it is a question.\n\nTherefore お元気ですか literally means \"Are you fine?\"\n\nBy removing か, it might become \"You are fine.\" but resulting お元気です is not\nnatural, as its subject is no longer clear and the お for politeness doesn't\nmatch here.\n\nIf you remove お, you get a natural sentence 元気です which means \"I'm fine.\" In\nthis case the subject is still ambiguous but is likely to be inferred as \"I\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T03:50:09.587",
"id": "40786",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "If you want to omit the か, you also need to omit the です。\n\nPolite:\n\n> お元気ですか\n\nInformal:\n\n> 元気?\n\nI put the question mark to indicate you have to use a rising entonation. If\nyou use only です with a rising entonation, it's not correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T10:24:39.433",
"id": "40794",
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}
]
| 40785 | 40786 | 40786 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40788",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It is my understanding that both these sentences have very similar\ntranslations but I don't quite understand the nuances:\n\nおわった あとで 行きます。\n\nおわってから 行きます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T05:44:30.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40787",
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"owner_user_id": "1714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Difference between ~てから and ~たあとで",
"view_count": 2107
} | [
{
"body": "てから sort of imply a more strict chain of events\n\n> I will finish then go.\n\nあと is more vague and only imply that event A happened after event B\n\n> I will go after I finish.\n\nIn most case the meaning will be very similar, but あと will have more leeway.\nIt could be used to imply something will be done after, but maybe not\nimmediately after. It could also be used to stress the order of event and make\nit clear what happens before and what happens after.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T07:01:07.480",
"id": "40788",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 40787 | 40788 | 40788 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40790",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Saying I have fever is 熱があります. But my teacher messaged me that there won't be\nany class today because apparently 先生の女の子は熱が痛いです. Isn't saying 熱が痛いです is wrong\nbecause \"fever\" cannot feel pain?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T08:01:04.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40789",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T04:07:01.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Is saying Subjectは熱が痛いです correct? I thought we use あります",
"view_count": 132
} | [
{
"body": "**Yes, 熱が痛いです is wrong.** You can say 熱があります, 熱が出ています or 熱を出しました.\n\nOr your teacher might possibly have wanted to say 熱で頭が痛いです.\n\nOne more thing, 先生の女の子 is not natural if it refers to his/her daughter. 先生の娘\nis fine.\n\nIf I can still go on, the particle は should not be used here, since the topic\nis not the daughter's fever but the reason of cancellation.\n\nI would say:\n\n> 先生の娘が熱を出しました(ので、今日の授業は休みです)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T08:12:29.027",
"id": "40790",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17890",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 40789 | 40790 | 40790 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41824",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 彼は **何と** 言いましたか.\n\nWhat is the reading of 何と in 何と言いましたか. Is it (なに or なん) + と?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T08:15:48.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40791",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T23:20:59.227",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-19T21:29:18.863",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"readings",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Is 何と read as なにと or なんと in 何と言いましたか?",
"view_count": 360
} | [
{
"body": "I think both なんと and なにと are acceptable, but なんと is more common way of\npronouncing it, because なにと just doesn't slide off your tongue. This kind of\nsound morphing is common in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T17:16:31.827",
"id": "40798",
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"owner_user_id": "3059",
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},
{
"body": "> 「彼{かれ}は **何と** 言{い}いましたか。」 (\"What did he say?\")\n\n「何と」 should be read 「な **ん** と」 in that context.\n\nReading it 「な **に** と」 will **_not_** make it sound more formal or anything in\nthis case. It will only make it sound incorrect and bizarre as far as Standard\nJapanese is concerned.\n\nWhen is 「何と」 read 「な **に** と」, then?\n\nIt can be read 「なにと」 when saying \"with what?\" emphatically. For instance, if I\nsaid:\n\n> 「チーズと一緒{いっしょ}に食{た}べるとおいしいよ。」 (\"It's yummy if you eat it with cheese.\")\n\nand you did not catch the 「チーズ」 part for some reason. In that case, you might\nreply:\n\n> 「 **なにと** 一緒に食べるとおいしいって(言った)?」 (It's yummy if you eat it **_with what_**?)\n\nEven in this example, you can still use 「なんと」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T23:20:59.227",
"id": "41824",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 40791 | 41824 | 41824 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> oshirase\n>\n> 今日は日本の授業がありません\n>\n> 私の女の子が熱が痛いですから... 学生たちのほかに調べてくださいね...お願いします...明日宿題は学校の後でSMP\n> Regularの事務所でMr.Jayに取ってください. 月曜日Mr.Jayに出してください.\n\n後で and 他に are adverbs in my dictionary. My teacher sent me this message which\ncontain phrases of \"noun + の + adverbs\". In this case does the の still mean\n\"of\"? Btw the part where she told me that her daughter is sick seems wrong.\n熱が痛い??! Is it not 熱があります?! And I don't understand the 学生たちのほかに調べてくださいね part.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T08:45:39.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40793",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-09T10:57:39.480",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Can adverbs be connected with noun by の particle?",
"view_count": 403
} | [
{
"body": "\"学校の後で\" is not as \"noun+の+adverb\". It is \"noun+の+noun\" forming an adverb\nclause.\n\n\"学生達のほかに調べてください\" is indeed a bit odd sentence, because \"学生たちのほかに\" is not an\nadverb clause and needs a noun or noun clause to follow. My guess is that that\nis omitted here. It could be something like \"学生たちのほかに(知人を)調べてください\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T16:08:57.810",
"id": "40797",
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"owner_user_id": "3059",
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}
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| 40793 | null | 40797 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40796",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If you never watch one piece, I need to tell you this first:\n\n`Gear Fourth in One piece anime is a technic where luffy's body get bigger\nlike a balloon (luffy is a gum man) and during that form he is not able to\nstand correctly and always bouncing (I believe he can't stop the bounce).`\n\nI already checked using google translated `バウンド` could be translated as\n`Bound` or `Bounce`.\n\nFrom wikia:\n\n`Luffy's first Gear Fourth form is called Boundman (弾む男 (バウンドマン) Baundoman?,\nViz: Bounce Man): Luffy's proportions become warped and his body becomes much\nlarger in size, with his arms, upper torso, and legs coated in Busoshoku\nHaki.`\n\nso which one the better translation for this? or the both does make sense?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T12:28:55.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40795",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-10T13:04:05.057",
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"owner_user_id": "18316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"anime"
],
"title": "(one piece) バウンドマン means Bounce man or Bound man?",
"view_count": 1622
} | [
{
"body": "In the linked [Youtube video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOrlCN8-1v8), he\nclearly shouts \"バウンドマン\" and the subtitle reads \"Bounce-Man\".\n\nThe ド in \"バウンドマン\" is pronounced as [doh] and it should be written as \"Bound-\nMan\". However, if you use it, it could be understood as\n\n> A man bound (tied) with rope or something else so that he can't move.\n\nThat's why \"Bounce-Man\" is used in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T12:54:46.133",
"id": "40796",
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| 40795 | 40796 | 40796 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40803",
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"body": "Regarding this bit,\n\n> 日本人がアメリカ人によく聞かれて困る質問の一つに、”How are you?\" は日本語で何と言うか、というのがある\n\nI'm guessing the meaning is something along the lines of \"One of the troubling\nquestions that Japanese are asked often by Americans is how to say \"How are\nyou\" in japanese. \"\n\nIs the 何と言うか the same なんというか that's used when you're not sure how to phrase\nsomething, like:\n\n> A: みきちゃんは、あんたの彼女でしょう? B: う~ん、彼女というか、友達というか、なんというか・・・\n\nor is it translated as literally \"what to say?\"\n\nalso could you break down というのがある's grammar or what it means in this context.\n\nthese phrases aren't on the jisho sentence database so having a hard time with\nthem",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T17:27:07.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40799",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-13T03:44:01.380",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-13T03:44:01.380",
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"owner_user_id": "18612",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Regarding 何と言うか、というのがある",
"view_count": 1527
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation is good!\n\nIf you do a complete _literal_ translation it would be:\n\nOne of the questions that Americans ask Japanese is the question of, how do\nyou say 'How are you?' in Japanese.\n\nIn this case the 何と言うか literally means \"how is (it) said\" where (it) refers to\n\"How are you?\".\n\nThe というのがある means \"there is [this question]\" referring to the block before it\nof ”How are you?\" は日本語で何と言うか.\n\nMaybe thinking of it in sections can help?\n\n> **_日本人がアメリカ人によく聞かれて困る質問の一つに_** 、”How are you?\" は日本語で何と言うか、 ** _というのがある_**\n\nand\n\n> \"How are you?\" は日本語で何と言うか",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T20:57:47.297",
"id": "40803",
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| 40799 | 40803 | 40803 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40817",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence in the title supposedly means something like\n\n> 「あなたの技術を見せてもらうかな」\n\nI roughly understand what this sentence means as a whole but i'm having\ntrouble parsing it.\n\nI know that お手並み拝見 means: let's see what you've got; show me what you've\ngot... accroding to [jisho dictionary](http://jisho.org/) but i can hardly\nunderstand how it's used, example sentences show that it's ususually followed\nby the particle と so i'm guessing this て is another form of と ?\n\nI also do not seem to understand what the ところ is doing here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T18:54:59.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40800",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T07:00:11.200",
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"owner_user_id": "17779",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "Trouble with the sentence 「お手並み拝見てところかな」",
"view_count": 279
} | [
{
"body": "One possible translation could be:\n\n> \"Perhaps it's time to see what you've got.\"\n\n「お手並み拝見・てところ・かな」\n\n * **かな** - shows doubt or suggestion, \" **Perhaps**...\" \n\n * **てところ** ⇒ というところ - the time or circumstance to do something, \"... **it's time**...\" \n\n * **お手並み拝見** - to see what someone is able to do (sarcastically polite to indicate doubtfulness), \"... **to see what (you've) got** \"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T07:00:11.200",
"id": "40817",
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"owner_user_id": "7055",
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]
| 40800 | 40817 | 40817 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40802",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It should mean something like \"If the ancestors are cruel, so would their\noffsprings\" right?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T19:06:46.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40801",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-10T20:46:41.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10548",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "Is there an english expression equivalent to 「先祖も酷ければ子孫も子孫」?",
"view_count": 85
} | [
{
"body": "Hm, if you're asking about English, wouldn't the English language SE be more\nappropriate?\n\n「酷い」 here does not mean \"cruel\", but more like \"terrible\" or \"awful\".\n\nThe closest English equivalent I can think of would be:\n\n> Like father, like son.\n\nThough note that the English can have either a good meaning or a bad meaning,\nunlike the phrase you posted.\n\nThat aside, the phrase you have posted is rather uncommon. The idiom used in\nJapanese is:\n\n> 蛙{かえる}の子{こ}は蛙{かえる}\n\nNote that this phrase is used in a negative way only.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T19:20:43.487",
"id": "40802",
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"owner_user_id": "9508",
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}
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| 40801 | 40802 | 40802 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40813",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nIt is my understanding that くの字点{じてん} (seen above) is the \"double or multiple\nrepeat marker\" in vertical writing. Given that it can be used to repeat two\n_or more_ syllables, how do you know how many preceding syllables to repeat?\nIs it just a matter of memorization?\n\nFor example (using(く)to represent the symbol in horizontal writing below):\n\nひとり(く)= ひとりひとり is easy to understand because it is a word I am already\nfamiliar with.\n\nHowever, if I read 「くり返し(く)」and wasn't familiar with the word for repeatedly,\nI may incorrectly read it as 「くり返し返し」 and not 「くり返しくり返し」. I realize this is a\nstilted example, but I'd like to nip any possibility of confusion down the\nline by understanding the mark completely from the start.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T21:43:39.517",
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"owner_user_id": "1292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"title": "How many syllables does くの字点 affect?",
"view_count": 452
} | [
{
"body": "It is a matter of memorization. \nYou must already be familiar with the word or phrase to read it properly the\nfirst time.\n\nHowever, because other marks for single character repetition already exist,\nyou can be sure that you'll have to repeat at least two characters.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5uxPn.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T03:46:41.503",
"id": "40813",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 40805 | 40813 | 40813 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40814",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This last sentence from my textbook puzzles me. No matter how I break it down\ni can't understand it.\n\nそのほかどういう時に何と言ったらよいかが決まっていて、[???]\n\nそれを覚えるのが、大事な社会教育だと言ってもよいだろう。[You could say that memorizing that is good social\neducation.] or something along those lines\n\nI'd immensely appreciate a grammar breakdown/proper translation. Here's the\nparagraph for context\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IEE0G.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-10T23:32:21.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40807",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-12T02:43:59.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18612",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax",
"definitions",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "breaking down [そのほかどういう時に何と言ったらよいかが決まっていて]",
"view_count": 193
} | [
{
"body": "Let's start from the end of the phrase:\n\n> が決まっていて It's been decided\n\nI think you have no problem here.\n\n> 何と言ったらよいか what it is good/correct to say\n\nThis part is the subject of 決まる, so it means that it's already established (in\nthe japanese language and culture) what it is correct (or not) to say.\n\n> そのほかどういう時に any other time (any other situation)\n\nSo it means there are 決まり文句 for (almost) every situation, compared to English.\nI don't want to give you a full translation because English is not my first\nlanguage, but i hope you can understand it better to make your own one ;)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T00:29:33.917",
"id": "40809",
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},
{
"body": "Translation:\n\n> Generally speaking, I think there are many more greetings that have a fixed\n> way of saying them in Japanese compared to English. For example, when you\n> give something to someone, are serving a dish to customers, or when you meet\n> your children's teacher, or any other time when there is a fixed way to say\n> something, I think it is safe to say that it is very important as a member\n> of society to learn those fixed expressions.\n\nBreaking it down:\n\n 1. First the speaker gives 3 examples of situations when you would use 決まり文句:\n\n * 人に何かをあげる時\n * 客に食事を出す時\n * 自分の子供の先生に会った時\n 2. Next the speaker uses the phrase `そのほか`. `その` is referring back to the 3 examples just given and the `ほか` means \"other\". So, the speaker is now referring to situations other than just explained.\n\n 3. For the next part, you should notice there is a question embedded in the sentence:\n\n> どういう時に何と言ったらよいか\n\nBreaking this down further:\n\n * どういう時 > What situation?\n * 何と言ったらよいか > What should I say?\n\nPutting them together you get \"What should I say in what situation?\"\n\n 4. Next you have が決まっていて which is followed right after the question part. In Japanese, you can have a question form like this be modified. For example, if you had the question どこで食べますか? (Where will we eat). You can also say どこで食べるかがまだ決まっていない (It is still not decided where will we eat)\n\nApplying that to どういう時に何と言ったらよいかが決まっていて you get \"It is decided what to say in\nwhat situation\". However, when translating you probably want to make more\nnatural English, so I made it \"a time (situation) when there is a fixed way to\nsay something\"\n\n 5. それを覚えるのが\n\n`それ` here is referring back to the どういう時に何と言ったらよいか that was mentioned\npreviously.\n\nSo it is saying \"Remembering what things to say in what situation...\"\n\n 6. 大事な社会教育だと言ってもよいだろう\n\nI'm assuming you have no problem here.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T03:53:06.990",
"id": "40814",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 40807 | 40814 | 40814 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40818",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I cannot get 干渉してばかりいる in the sentence below:\n\n私の父はいつも私の私的な生活に **干渉してばかりいる** 。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T00:11:39.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40808",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T12:19:34.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "What does してばかりいる mean?",
"view_count": 411
} | [
{
"body": "[V(て-form)+ばかり](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%B0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8A-bakari/) - doing only V\n\n[て+いる](http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-te-iru/) - repeated actions, in\nthe state of doing\n\n> Always meddling in my affairs, always bothering me",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T01:40:49.020",
"id": "40810",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T12:19:34.453",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T12:19:34.453",
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"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "40808",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The word ばかり has several meanings, one of them is \"only\". \nIn your case, it is to emphasize the fact that the father is always\ninterfering.\n\n干渉してばかりいる. \nHe only interferes. (meaning that he is always interfering)\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/60083/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%B0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8A/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T04:39:31.037",
"id": "40816",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T04:39:31.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "ばかり after a verb ending in -tte or after a noun means \"only\" or \"always\", and\nusually (but not always) has the a negative nuance: in other words, \"only\ninterfering (and not letting me just do it without interference)).\n\nIn colloquial speech, it's sometimes pronounced/written ばっかり or ばかし.\n\nAn example with a noun:\n\nケーキばかり食べている。 (You only eat cake [nuance: you should eat something else])",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T07:29:20.090",
"id": "40818",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T07:29:20.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7909",
"parent_id": "40808",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40808 | 40818 | 40810 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I was reading a commentary about an illustrator and it said :\n\n> ツノと緑が大好きです\n\nDoes this ツノ really mean horn?\n\nIt's strange, so I'm kinda curious.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T03:26:02.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40812",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T07:06:19.333",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T07:06:19.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "18616",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does ツノ in katakana mean?",
"view_count": 315
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's simply 角【つの】 (\"horn\"). Some people actually like it (I'm not sure,\nbut maybe as a variation of\n[ケモ耳](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moe_anthropomorphism#Animals) fandom)\n\nMany native Japanese words are written in katakana [for various\nreasons](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1930/5010). In this specific\ncase, the kanji 角 can be read as つの (\"horn\"), かど (\"corner\") or かく (\"angle\"),\ndepending on the context. Writing it as ツノ is a fairly common approach to\navoid confusion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T03:54:46.923",
"id": "40815",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T05:04:10.437",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40812",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40812 | null | 40815 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40822",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "While talking with some Japanese people in an online form, someone said\n日本語上手ですね! to me. I just replied そうですか, but what would be an appropriate way\nto reply keeping it as less informal as possible. Another important thing is\nthat I believe the OP was being polite to me knowing that I am not a native\ninstead of actually talking about my Japanese as I can speak about it for\nmyself. So, I would like to know of any response more in the lines of _I'm\nhumbled_ or _I don't deserve_ kind.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T11:17:14.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40819",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T14:45:59.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18618",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "How to respond when someone praises about my Japanese?",
"view_count": 5116
} | [
{
"body": "The way to go is usually to just deny it a little. \nSomething in the lines of :\n\n> そんな事ないです。 \n> まだまだです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T11:34:57.000",
"id": "40820",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T11:34:57.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40819",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "I would say:\n\n> * そんなことないです。\n> * 全然ですよ。\n> * まだまだですよ。\n>\n\nThose means \"not at all\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T11:35:17.410",
"id": "40821",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T11:42:10.553",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T11:42:10.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "14627",
"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "40819",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "There could be many ways of saying \"I am not good at Japanese.\" depending on\nyour personal preference and context. My favorites were\n\n> いいえ、あまり[上手]{じょうず}ではありません。 No, I am not that good at Japanese.\n>\n> いいえ、あまり[上手]{じょうず}じゃないです。 Ditto\n>\n> いいえ、まだ[下手]{へた}です。 No, (my Japanese) is still poor.\n\nいいえ is broadly used when you get praised to express modesty.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T11:35:24.697",
"id": "40822",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T14:30:05.047",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12259",
"parent_id": "40819",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "Somewhat formal 「恐縮{きょうしゅく}です」 can be used to acknowledge a compliment with\nhumility and modesty (like _I'm humbled_ , I think) without necessarily\ndenying the truth of it. (In your case, busting out this phrase will probably\nreinforce their impression of your proficiency!)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T14:45:59.357",
"id": "40828",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T14:45:59.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "40819",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 40819 | 40822 | 40820 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm studying for N3 Japanese test. I'm stuck in a sentence of an exercise in\nwhich is written\n\n> 帰国{きこく}するまでになんとか日本語{にほんご}を習得{しゅうとく}したい。\n\nWhy is it wrong to say\n\n> 帰国するまでなんとか日本語を習得したい。?\n\nI really don't get it, if someone could teach me the difference I would be\nreally happy. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T12:21:27.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40823",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-02T02:34:08.983",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-02T02:34:08.983",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18620",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "What's the difference between まで and までに?",
"view_count": 9477
} | [
{
"body": "In short,\n\n * まで = _until_\n * までに = _by_\n\nOr to say, `A まで B` means _B_ keeps taking place while _A_ doesn't come, and\n`A までに B` means _B_ gets to come true before (the end of) _A_ comes. Thus,\n\n> 帰国するまでなんとか日本語を習得したい。\n\nwould (even we overlook some stiffness) imply you're willing to forget\nJapanese after you return, which is not a very laudable attitude for a\nJapanese student :D",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T14:01:43.743",
"id": "40826",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T14:45:06.897",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T14:45:06.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "40823",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
]
| 40823 | null | 40826 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is a sentence in my textbook 'The Handbook of Japanese Verbs',\n\n> 私は姉に人形の作り方を習いました\n\nIt is translated as 'I learned how to make dolls from my older sister'.\n\nBut, I would have thought it means 'I taught my older sister how to make\ndolls'.\n\nWith the former being something like,\n\n> 私は姉から人形の作り方を習ってくれました。\n\nSorry, I may have mistranslated it. But, more importantly I'm wondering if the\noriginal Japanese sentence and translation is mistaken?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T13:54:54.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40825",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T14:47:54.633",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T14:35:28.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "16260",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Has my textbook got a mistake in it regarding the use of 習う?",
"view_count": 541
} | [
{
"body": "* 教【おし】える: _to teach_\n * 教【おそ】わる: _to be taught_\n * 習う: _to learn_ (during instruction)\n\nTherefore there is no chance that the sentence means \"I taught\". Actually your\ntextbook is correct.\n\nMoreover, as 習う is your own action despite suggesting the existence of\ninstructor (\" _you_ learn\" not \" _somebody_ makes you learn\"), the use of\n~てくれる or ~てもらう is ungrammatical, because you can only attach them on an action\nthat originates from someone and affects someone else. The same applies to\n教わる.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T14:22:43.013",
"id": "40827",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T14:47:54.633",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T14:47:54.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "40825",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 40825 | null | 40827 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40832",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can anyone here help me understand the difference in nuance between 区別 and 分別\n(in terms of the 'classification/distinction' meaning)? I have checked\ndictionaries but they seem pretty much the same in this case. I would have\nconsidered them interchangeable had I not just gotten a question about the\ndifference wrong in a mock test.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T14:51:09.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40829",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T23:24:35.573",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T14:54:41.670",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18623",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 区別 and 分別",
"view_count": 502
} | [
{
"body": "Basically 分別 is used only in the following two types of situations:\n\n * separating trash (flammable, recyclable, etc); read [ぶんべつ]{LHHH} \n\n> * 燃えるゴミと燃えないゴミを分別する\n> * ゴミの分別収集にご協力ください\n> * 空き缶は分別してリサイクルしましょう\n\n * distinguishing the right and the wrong as a sensible adult, discretion; read [ふんべつ]{HLLL} \n\n> * 物事の分別が分かる年齢になった\n> * 良いことと悪いことの分別をつける\n> * 大人としての理性と分別を身につける\n\nAccording to [BCCWJ](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/) these two usages are\nalmost equally common. There were a few other examples using 分別 (apparently\nabout philosophy or psychology), but I think you can safely ignore them.\n\n区別 is \"distinction\" in general.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T15:47:38.283",
"id": "40832",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T23:24:35.573",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-11T23:24:35.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40829",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "区別 and 分別 are very similar in terms of the meaning 'classification' or\n'disctinction', however, when looking at the raw/chinese meaning of '区' and\n'分', we can see that they have a slight difference.\n\n> '区' -> Distinct, zone\n>\n> '分' -> Divide, separate\n\nIn that sense, 区別 is more about 'distinction', identifying qualities,\ndifferences and classifying them as types.\n\n> 善悪の区別 -> Distinction between right and wrong, the 'good' and the 'evil'\n>\n> 色で区別 -> Distinguish by color\n\n分別 is more about separating and sorting, almost physically.\n\n> ゴミを金属類や紙類、ビン類等に分別 -> Separate garbage into metals, paper, bottles, etc.\n>\n> ごみの分別 -> Separation of garbage",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T15:50:03.393",
"id": "40833",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-11T15:50:03.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18591",
"parent_id": "40829",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 40829 | 40832 | 40832 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Are there any ways to know whether Verbてくる is about time or space ?\n\nMy friend told me that\n\n * when the verb involves changing from a state to another state, ~てくる is usually about time,\n\n * when there's place available in the context, てくる is usually about space.\n\nAre there any other ways to know?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T16:36:23.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40834",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-01T12:29:56.753",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-12T06:42:04.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"て-form",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Are there any ways to know whether Verbてくる is about time or space?",
"view_count": 276
} | [
{
"body": "I think you have to rely on the context. For example, consider\n\n```\n\n 湿気が入ってくる\n 熱くなってくる\n \n```\n\nThese could be both about space or time.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-25T20:43:35.990",
"id": "41200",
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"body": "I've never personally thought about it in terms of whether it's a change in\ntime or space. I don't know that you need to specifically do that, since it\nbehaves the same grammatically in either situation. \nくる after a verb in TE-form simply shows that something will become an action\nor state, or an action or state will continue. There are times when it may\nbecome abstract in English, but it behaves the same in any Japanese sentence\nit is used.\n\n頭が痛くなってきた。 \nMy head has started hurting. \n(My head came to a state of hurting, and is still in that state)\n\n一人で子供を育ててきた。 \nI have raised my child on my own. \n(I have been doing the action of raising my child up to this point)\n\n台風が近づいてくる。 \nThe typhoon will be getting close. \n(The typhoon will get close, and continue to be close)\n\nThese all happen to deal with space or time, but more importantly modify the\nstate of the verb they are attached to. So I think by simply looking at that\nverb, you should be able to see what it is that's changing.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-04-01T11:26:35.213",
"id": "45118",
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| 40834 | null | 45118 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40839",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw some sentences like this, but I couldn't understand them. What do they\nmean?\n\n> 砂糖入りのお茶。\n>\n> 胡椒付きのサラダ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T17:59:37.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40835",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"verbs",
"syntax",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "入り and 付き in these sentences",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. 砂糖[入り]{いり}のお茶 = 砂糖が入っているお茶\n> 2. 胡椒付きのサラダ = 胡椒が付いているサラダ\n>\n\n入り and 付き are suffixes derived from the verbs 入る and 付く. The forms 入り and 付き\nare the 連用形 _renyōkei_ ( _masu_ -stem) of the verbs and behave much like\nnouns. This is why you see that 砂糖入り modifies お茶, a noun, with の.\n\nFor translation you could go for\n\n> 1. tea containing sugar\n> 2. salad with pepper\n>\n\n* * *\n\nMany verbs do this, by the way. For example the suffix ~生まれ attaches to places\nand means \"born in\", e.g.\n\n> 東京生まれの人 \n> a person born in Tokyo\n>\n> アメリカ生まれの日本人 \n> a Japanese born in America",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-11T19:14:55.597",
"id": "40839",
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| 40835 | 40839 | 40839 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40837",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was chatting with a Japanese friend about something I was planning to say to\nsomething and they said:\n\n```\n\n ほうほう、ということは今まで言えてなかったのね?\n \n```\n\nWhy is imperative form used here?\n\nI understand they are saying, \"So that means that until know you hadn't said\nthat\".\n\nWould the sentence be different if it was\n\n```\n\n ほうほう、ということは今まで言わなかったのね?\n \n```\n\nI asked them but it was difficult for me to understand why.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-11T18:11:52.397",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Why is imperative form used here?",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "This is not the imperative form, it's the potential form.\n\nThe imperative of 言う is just 言え. The potential form is 言える, which turns into\nthe 言えて for the 〜て form.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-11T18:17:03.427",
"id": "40837",
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| 40836 | 40837 | 40837 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> みなみがマネージャーになったのは、夏の都予選に負けて三年生が引退した直後だった。 **だからというのもあったが**\n> 、この時期の練習にはほとんどの部員が参加していなかった。\n\nHello there, I'm trying to translate the above in to English, and am\nstruggling to pick apart this expression: だからというのもあったが. From what I can fathom\nso far: Minami became manager straight after the third years retired after\nlosing the summer preliminary matches. (There was also the fact of 'just\nbecause of this'??) but almost none of the club members had turned up for\npractice this term.) Many thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-11T18:43:37.517",
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"id": "40838",
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"last_editor_user_id": "18083",
"owner_user_id": "18083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translating: だからというのもあったが",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "I would translate that as \"Partially because of this\".\n\nThe だから is used here to mean \"as a result of this\" (referring back to the fact\nthat the team lost and the manager retired).\n\nThe というのもあった is indicating that this isn't entirely the reason why.\n\nI think the だから here might be a bit colloquial.\n\nIn colloquial speech you can use だから to refer back to the thing you just\nmentioned.\n\nExample:\n\n> 喉の痛み、頭はずきずき、鼻は常にふさがった状態。\n>\n> 無理をすれば仕事できるんだろうけど、無理をする理由がない。\n>\n> **だから** 会社を休んだ。\n\nThe だから in the above phrase is referring back to the reason given in the\nsentence before.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-12T03:33:27.483",
"id": "40842",
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| 40838 | null | 40842 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40841",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> 俺のような人が、アナタの目の前から、奪っていくこともあるけどな\n\nI don't understand this part 奪っていくこともあるけどな. It's a translation of :\n\n> Someone like me swoops in and takes it from you\n\nHow can I parse this part? if it's:\n\n> 奪っていく こと も ある けど な\n\nWhy are も and けど used in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-12T01:33:30.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40840",
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"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles",
"english-to-japanese",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Understanding this English to Japanese translation",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "Assuming you got it from [this paragraph](http://wwefan.com/g126/):\n\n>\n> エリートがいないと、レスリングはつまらない。あと、お前らに言いたいことがある。今日みたいな日は、人生に1度しかない。俺を信じて、夢を叶えて、高い目標を狙うことを恐れないで。\n> **しかし、夢を叶えそうになる時、俺のような人が、アナタの目の前から、奪っていくこともあるけどな。** なぜなら、俺が1番。俺は1番才能がある。\n\nOne point of advice is to provide the entire sentence and not just a fragment.\nIt makes much more sense that way.\n\nTranslation:\n\n> However, just when your dream is about to come true, someone like me might\n> also take it away from you right in front of your face.\n\nThe key in this sentence is the `こともある` and `けどな` parts.\n\n> こともある\n\nHere it is similar to the grammar form [ことがある](http://j-nihongo.com/dic-\nkotogaaru/) but using `も` to imply \"also\".\n\nSo 奪っていくこともある is saying \"(I) may also take it from you\".\n\n> けどな\n\nけどな can be broken down further into けど and な. けど is used here to make it less\ndirect and avoid making a firm assertion. な just puts more feeling into it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-12T03:10:51.833",
"id": "40841",
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]
| 40840 | 40841 | 40841 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40847",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> お知らせ [今日は日本の授業がありません 私の女の子が熱が痛いですから...\n> 学生たちのほかに調べてくださいね...お願いします...明日宿題は学校の後でSMP Regularの事務所でMr.Jayに取ってください.\n> 月曜日Mr.Jayに出してください.] と私の先生が書いたのです.\n\nIt turns out that in \"学生たちのほかに調べてください\", my teacher wanted to say \"please tell\nthe other students\". So it should be 教える not 調べる. However this context is only\ndedicated to my initial question. What is the meaning of 'noun + の + ほか + に'?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-12T03:56:24.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40843",
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"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 'noun+の+ほかに' mean?",
"view_count": 2594
} | [
{
"body": "\"please tell the other students\" is translated as 他の生徒に伝えてください.\n\n~の他に means \"besides\", \"in addition to\". For example, この本の他に、好きな本はありますか?( Are\nthere your favorite books besides this book), 私の他に好きな人はいるの?(Do you have\nspecial someone besides me?).\n\nAnd even if it is 学生たちの他に伝えてください, I feel it is a bit unnatural.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-12T11:43:44.893",
"id": "40847",
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| 40843 | 40847 | 40847 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If いきます means 'to go' and いいます means 'to say or call', then how do these verbs\nconvert into て form?\n\nAren't they the same since they both end in 〜ち、〜り、〜い + ます?\n\nIs this correct? How do you change it?\n\n> 行きます → 行って → to go\n>\n> いいます → いって → to say/to call",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-12T09:38:13.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "18631",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"て-form"
],
"title": "What's the difference between て form for verbs: 'go' and 'says'",
"view_count": 124
} | [
{
"body": "て can do a great many things but is usually not meant to be used just like\nthat. Unless you give an order.\n\n> 言います -> say \n> 言っています -> saying \n> 言ってみて -> try to say it \n> 言って! -> Say it!\n\nAlso, maybe I didn't understand your question well and you were wondering how\nto differentiate them since they both become 「いって」. To which I would just say\nto you that in any language it's only natural to have many words written the\nsame way but with different meanings. All you can do is guess with the\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-12T10:07:58.737",
"id": "40845",
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{
"body": "They are the same, and the forms you wrote are correct, but your reasoning is\nslightly flawed in the case of 行く.\n\nGodan verbs that end in く usually contract as such:\n\nかく->かいて\n\nきく->きいて\n\nはく->はいて\n\n...and so on. However, 行く is an exception to this (and it's the only one I'm\naware of); it contracts as 行く->行って, where you would normally expect it to\ncontract to *行いて. This is just something you have to remember. Your reasoning\nfor 言う is correct, though.",
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| 40844 | null | 40845 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40854",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In the English of iOS, when the phone can't recognize your Touch ID when\nunlocking the device, it says on the top there \"Try Again\". After I switched\nthe language to Japanese though, it turns into \"やり[直]{なお}す\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OvAAXm.png)\n\nAfter looking up the dictionary, 直す means \"to fix/repair\", which kind of makes\nsense. That is because it is kind of asking the user to \"fix\" the position of\nthe finger or something like that (The user might be partially touching the\nhome button and that may be why the identification failed).\n\nHowever, why is やり used here? I looked up the dictionary for やり and found that\nit means a \"spear\" (槍). Since that makes no sense in this context, I did some\nmore searching.\n\nThen I realized that やり might be 遣り, 演り or 飲り written in Hiragana for ease of\nunderstanding. And one of these verb stems combine with 直す to form a compound\nverb, like 思い出す. But I don't know which one it is since none of these makes\nsense.\n\nWhat is the meaning of やり?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-12T22:55:51.583",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Why is \"Try Again\" translated to やり直す?",
"view_count": 2773
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese has tons of [compound verbs\n(複合動詞{ふくごうどうし})](http://vvlexicon.ninjal.ac.jp/en/) and やり直す is one of them.\n\n * やり is the masu-stem of [やる](http://jisho.org/word/%E9%81%A3%E3%82%8B), which is a very basic verb that means \"to do.\" Note that this verb is almost always written in hiragana when it simply means \"to do.\"\n * 直す here means something like \"re-\" (as in \"reorder\", \"rethink\", etc). It can follow almost any other verb and add the meaning of \"re-.\" (See \"Syntactic and Lexical Compound Verbs\" section in the linked lexicon).\n\nPut together,\n[やり直す](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%84%E3%82%8A%E7%9B%B4%E3%81%99) means\n\"retry\" or \"redo.\"\n\nSimilar common compound verbs:\n\n> * 見{み}直す see again, review\n> * 読{よ}み直す reread\n> * 考{かんが}え直す rethink\n> * 送{おく}り直す resend\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-12T23:05:24.247",
"id": "40854",
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{
"body": "V.ます+直す is a grammar construction that means to \"do something again\". When you\ndo something again, you kind of \"fix it\" ;). Check you dictionary for 直す, I'm\nsure there is a entry for it.\n\nSo using やる(to do) with this form you obtain やりなおす (do it again).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-12T23:10:46.533",
"id": "40855",
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{
"body": "やりなおす is a single word listed in the dictionary and means to \"try once more\": \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/76650/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%84%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8A%E3%81%99/>\n\nI don't think it is a good idea to break down the word because the meanings of\nthe individual words may not always add up, even though in this case it does.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T05:43:34.980",
"id": "40857",
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| 40853 | 40854 | 40854 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40865",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "買 in 売買{ばいばい} is pronounced ばい. The word \"to buy\", which is the translation of\n買う, sounds the same. Is there some sort of connection?! 親父ギャグだけなのか…?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T05:11:04.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40856",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-13T15:14:40.327",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-13T08:46:29.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"onyomi",
"comparative-linguistics"
],
"title": "売買の買とbuyの関係はあります?",
"view_count": 245
} | [
{
"body": "From [Online Etymology Dictionary](http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=buy)\n\n> **buy** (v.)\n>\n> Old English _bycgan_ (past tense _bohte_ ) \"to buy, pay for, acquire;\n> redeem, ransom; procure; get done,\" from Proto-Germanic _*bugjan_ (source\n> also of Old Saxon _buggjan_ , Old Norse _byggja_ , Gothic _bugjan_ ), which\n> is of unknown origin and not found outside Germanic.\n>\n> The surviving spelling is southwest England dialect; the word was generally\n> pronounced in Old English and Middle English with a -dg- sound as \"budge,\"\n> or \"bidge.\" Meaning \"believe, accept as true\" first recorded 1926. Related:\n> Bought; buying. To buy time \"prevent further deterioration but make no\n> improvement\" is attested from 1946.\n\nFrom 新漢和大辞典\n\n> ### 【買】\n>\n> [常用音訓] **バイ** ・ **か** う \n> [音] バイ(漢)・メ(呉) \n> mĕg – măi (mbăi) – mai – mai (mǎi)\n\nOnly looking at the development of these two words in themselves, it seems to\nbe very unlikely that there is any connection between 買【ばい】 and \"to buy\".",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-13T08:44:44.237",
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},
{
"body": "ないです。\n\nIt's only a superficial coincidence in present-day pronunciation.\n\nThe word corresponds to English _buy_ is assumed to have been pronounced like\n[_*bugjaną_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-\nGermanic/bugjan%C4%85) //buɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃// in Proto-Germanic period [around 500\nBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-\nGermanic_language#Archaeology_and_early_historiography). Meanwhile, 買 is\nassumed to have been pronounced like _*mˁrajʔ_ ([Baxter-\nSagart](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Baxter-\nSagart_Old_Chinese_reconstruction)) or _*mreːʔ_\n([Zhengzhang](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B7#Chinese)) in the\nCentral Plain of China. It still retains _m-_ consonant in most Sinitic\nlanguages (dialects).\n\nThe reason why we have _b-_ for this kanji is that, Buddhist monks imported\nMiddle Chinese vocabulary through Chang'an (the capital of Tang) dialect,\nwhich showed denasalization making _m-_ into _mb-_ ; they transcribed it with\nthen-prenasalized consonant _n b-_, which corresponds to today's voiced _b-_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T15:14:40.327",
"id": "40865",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40856 | 40865 | 40858 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40860",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the etymology of hammer, 金槌? Jisho.org gives \"mallet\" for the 槌 kanji.\nIs the \"金\" kanji indicating \"metal\", or \"golden\", presumably as in colour? The\nEnglish edition of Wiktionary [doesn't have\netymology](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%A7%8C), and the\nJapanese edition of Wiktionary doesn't have an entry at all!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T09:38:37.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40859",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Etymology of 金槌",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "金槌 is `metal + mallet`, hence (metallic) hammer (typically used to drive\nmetallic nails). This 金 means metal, not golden color nor money.\n\n槌 and ハンマー (in Japanese) refer to mallets and hammers in general, including\nones with metal, wooden, plastic and rubber heads. To refer to what is\ntypically referred to as _hammer_ in English, you usually have to say 金槌.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ctSDk.png)\n\nWe have a word 木槌【きづち】 (wooden mallet), too, which is basically the same as\n木製のハンマー.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-13T10:28:55.133",
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}
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| 40859 | 40860 | 40860 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42829",
"answer_count": 6,
"body": "For example:\n\n> 授業があるんじゃなかったの?\n>\n> 授業があったんじゃなかったの?\n>\n> 授業があるんじゃない?\n>\n> 授業があったんじゃない(の)?\n\nAre they the same? If yes, which are more common? Basically what are the\ndifferences?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T11:51:29.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40861",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "の+じゃなかった? Vs の+ じゃない? Tenses used",
"view_count": 2478
} | [
{
"body": "授業があるんじゃなかったの? means \"you would attend the class, wouldn't you?\", in other\nwords, it expresses that you thought someone was going to have the class but\nhave found something paradoxical and suspect that.\n\n授業が あったんじゃないの{HLLLLLHLH}? or …じゃなぃい{LLHLH}? means that you though someone had\nthe class but have found something paradoxical and suspect that.\n\n授業があったん じゃないの{HHHLH}? or …じゃない{LLLH}? means that you guess someone had a\nclass.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T14:58:23.187",
"id": "40864",
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Present+の+じゃないの? means things in the future. I think Present+の+じゃなかったの? is a\nbit complicated. In my opinion, 今日、授業があるんじゃなかったの? can be both used in thing in\nthe future and in the last hour. However if you want to say things in the\nfuture clearly, you should say Present+の+じゃないの?.\n\nAnd Present+の+じゃなかったの? is used in things in the past. For example,\n昨日、学校に行くんじゃなかったの? It means \"Weren't you going to the school yesterday?. And\n昨日、学校に行ったんじゃなかったの? means \"Didn't you go to the school yesterday?\"\n\nI thought first 昨日、授業があるんじゃなかったの? is a bit unnatural but it may mean\n昨日、授業がある予定じゃなかったの?.\n\nAnd past+の+じゃなかったの? and past+の+じゃないの? means thing in the past and I don't feel\ntheir difference.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T16:27:24.237",
"id": "40866",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-14T02:51:04.257",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-14T02:51:04.257",
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{
"body": "There is a slight difference.\n\n授業がある is non-past. So it is either future or present. From the context it is\nprobably future. So it means \"there will be a class\".\n\n授業があった is past. So it means \"there was a class\"\n\nんじゃなかった is the contraction of のではなかった. \nんじゃない is the contraction of のではない. \nBoth work as tag questions.\n\nのではなかった is in the past tense. So it is asking for confirmation about something\nthat was defined in the past. \nのではない is in the present tense. So it is asking for confirmation about\nsomething that should be defined in the present.\n\nSo the translation becomes:\n\n授業があるんじゃなかったの? \nI thought there would be a class, wouldn't there?\n\n授業があったんじゃなかったの? \nI thought there was a class, wasn't there?\n\n授業があるんじゃない? \nI think there will be a class, won't there?\n\n授業があったんじゃない(の)? \nI think there was a class, wasn't there?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T17:20:05.947",
"id": "41029",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-19T17:20:05.947",
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},
{
"body": "They have a few differences.\n\n 1. 授業があるんじゃなかった? - You **have** a class, do you not? \n 2. 授業があったんじゃなかった? - You **had** a class, did you not?\n\nThe first sentence is the **present form**. The second sentence is the **past\nform**.\n\n 3. 授業があるんじゃない? - You **will** have a class, will you not?\n 4. 授業があったんじゃない? - You had a class, did you not?\n\nThe third sentence is the **future form**. I think the fourth sentence has the\nsame meaning as the second sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-26T00:20:57.413",
"id": "41205",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-26T12:33:09.917",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-26T12:33:09.917",
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{
"body": "のじゃない means that you are expecting something and are trying to clarify its\nvalidity.\n\nのじゃなかった means that you are expecting something but then that expectation is\nchallenged by a contradiction, and then you are trying to clarify its\nvalidity.\n\n> 授業があるんじゃない? (i think : isn't it that there is class?)\n\nYou said to a friend who tried to leave the classroom when you are expecting\nthat there is a class.\n\n> 授業があるんじゃなかった? (I thought : Isn't it that there is class?)\n\nYou said to a friend who told you that the teacher is absent. Here, when you\nsaid it, your expectation has changed. This method of clarifying your\nexpectation carries the nuance that you realized your expectation is more\nlikely to be false.\n\nWhen past tense is used \"あった, なかった\" it implies that the the event you are\nexpecting has occurred before you are trying to clarify it (not on the same\ntimeline either.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-04T10:55:22.830",
"id": "41453",
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},
{
"body": "I think じゃない and じゃなかった are the same for this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-24T12:06:12.227",
"id": "42829",
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}
]
| 40861 | 42829 | 40864 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40863",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Yamada just told Maruko that he got a rhinoceros beetle larvae:\n\n> カブトムシときいてまる子が身を乗り出したので、山田はうれしくなってますます手足をバタバタさせた。 \n> Because Maruko had heard of the rhinoceros beetle and leaned forward (with\n> interest), Yamada became happy and shuffled his hands and feet.\n\nI'm confused by the position of Maruko's name in this sentence. I would have\nexpected either:\n\n> カブトムシときい **た** まる子が...\n\nor for the name to come before the verb 聞く.\n\nIt seems to me that if we imply the name from context for 聞く then we don't\nneed to restate it for 身を乗り出す. Likewise, if we are not implying the name from\ncontext then we should use it as the subject of the first verb.\n\nWhat am I missing here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T11:54:35.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40862",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-13T13:37:02.750",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Position of the subject in this sentence",
"view_count": 109
} | [
{
"body": "* カブトムシと聞いたまる子が身を乗り出したので、… \n * まる子がカブトムシと聞いて身を乗り出したので、… \n * カブトムシと聞いてまる子が身を乗り出したので、… \n\nAll of these are okay, and the last one is equally natural to the other two.\nThe last one can literally be translated as \"Upon/After hearing of the beetle,\nMaruko leaned forward, so Yamada ...\".\n\nThis is a [te-form to denote a cause or a reason](http://www.learn-japanese-\nadventure.com/te-form-cause-reason.html), and the phrase order is not very\nstrict in such a case:\n\n> * 彼はニュースを読んでびっくりしました。 (He read the news and ...) \n> ≒ ニュースを読んで彼はびっくりしました。 (Hearing the news, he...)\n>\n\nYou can also use another subject for the te-form part:\n\n> * お金がなくて、私はそれが買えません。 \n> ≒ 私はお金がなくてそれが買えません。 \n> ≒ 私はそれが買えません。お金がなくて。\n> * 明日の試験が心配で、私は寝られません。 \n> ≒ 私は明日の試験が心配で寝られません。 \n> ≒ 私は寝られません。明日の試験が心配で。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T13:37:02.750",
"id": "40863",
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}
]
| 40862 | 40863 | 40863 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40872",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found it in これ以上のおしゃべりは. My question is, why 以上の is translated as no more.\nIt it because の have a specific function here? or it is just an expression.\n\nThanks :-)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T17:52:01.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40867",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-13T19:39:36.453",
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"owner_user_id": "11679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "の function in 以上の",
"view_count": 144
} | [
{
"body": "「これ以上のおしゃべりは。」 is the entire sentence, right?\n\nの here is a particle that is grammatically required to link ~以上/から/まで/だけ/etc\nand a noun. See: [Why can we use の after へ and\nから?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27363/5010)\n\n> * 100円以上のお金 money more than 100 yen\n> * 明日からの仕事 tasks from tomorrow\n> * 3人だけの会社 a firm with only three people\n>\n\nSo your sentence, 「これ以上のおしゃべりは。」 literally means \"Chatting more than that\nis...\", with the last part of the sentence omitted because it's obvious. The\nomitted phrase would be 禁止です, やめよう, 良くない, するな, or such.\n\nYou may occasionally hear \"これ以上は…。\" in conversations. It literally means \"More\nthan this is...\" but it usually means \"I've had enough\", \"No more, please\",\netc.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-13T19:30:45.847",
"id": "40872",
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}
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| 40867 | 40872 | 40872 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40871",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In an anime I was watching the other day, I heard the bellow phrase. I don't\nremember whose name it was or which anime it was, so I'll just replace it with\na generic name:\n\n> アリスに分かってる.\n\nThe speaker was Alice, and it was translated as \"Alice knows [about it]\". I\nfind this odd. Wouldn't the に particle refer to the thing that the person is\n\"understanding\" or \"knowing\" in that instance? I am confused why it's not\n\n> [私が]それにわかってる",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T17:53:21.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40868",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18449",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "に as the subject marker?",
"view_count": 412
} | [
{
"body": "分かる is a potential verb, and therefore takes に.\n\n * [Use of に in 「私には本物の若殿様がわかります」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24955/5010)\n * [How to denote the object and the subject of potential form verbs clearly?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40586/5010)\n * [Why say \"〜、皆には出来る。\" instead of \" 〜、皆は出来る。\" in this context?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36481/5010)\n\nNote that this sentence would be much more natural if there is a topic marker,\nは:\n\n> アリスには(それが)分かっている。 Alice knows (it).\n\nIn case you don't know why ~ている is used, check\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/38773/5010).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T19:10:34.420",
"id": "40871",
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}
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| 40868 | 40871 | 40871 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm translating this and stuck on the meaning of 所属事務所でも, I can't work out if\nit's an affiliated office, an office he's affiliated to, or something else.\nI've exhausted searching my usual sources and have decided to ask a question\nhere. Many thanks!\n\n> 私は、インフラストラクチャービジネス(IB)に対する強い関心と会計士としての高い能力が認められ、現在は **所属事務所でも**\n> 1位の売上高を誇るプラントエンジニアリング会社のインチャージとして10名超の監査チームをマネジメントしている。\n\nCurrently I have a very strong interest in Infrastructure Business (IB), and\nmy strong abilities as an accountant have been recognized. Currently in my\ncapacity as head of the plant engineering company, which boasts top sales even\nthough an affiliated office, I manage an auditing team of more than 10\npersons.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T18:37:05.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40869",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-14T04:07:41.697",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of 所属事務所",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "所属事務所 refers to the office he (the speaker) belongs to. インチャージ here is a\nwasei-eigo jargon noun that means (主な)担当者, 責任者 or \"(primary) person in\ncharge\". See: [「インチャージ」という役割](http://uscpa-accounting.com/?p=166)\n\n\"所属事務所でも1位の売上高を誇る\" and \"プラントエンジニアリング会社の\" each independently modifies インチャージ.\n\n * 所属事務所でも1位の売上高を誇るインチャージとして \nas a person (in charge) who boasts the top sales in my office\n\n * プラントエンジニアリング会社のインチャージとして \nas a person in charge of a plant engineering company\n\n( **EDIT** : Alternatively you can think 所属事務所でも1位の売上高を誇る modifies\nプラントエンジニアリング会社のインチャージ as a whole: \"as a person in charge of a plant\nengineering company who boasts the top sales in my office\")\n\nIf I understand correctly, he is not directly employed by that plant\nengineering company, is he? I think he says that he belongs to some\nauditing/accounting/consulting office and currently is in charge of the\nengineering company as the manager of the auditing team.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T18:56:22.857",
"id": "40870",
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}
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| 40869 | null | 40870 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> パン屋{や}でパンを買{か}います。\n\nNot sure what ゃ で means here. Noun, ゃ で, noun.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T20:04:32.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40873",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-13T22:29:20.923",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-13T20:16:13.810",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18640",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Usage of ゃ で, when buying countable nouns",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "パン屋{や} is one word and means bakery. パン屋{や}で means \"at the bakery\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-13T21:17:48.970",
"id": "40874",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-13T21:17:48.970",
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{
"body": "From the edit history, the source seems to be this image. \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Z81uA.png)\n\nThe furigana seems quite small, so this might explain why you _thought_ it\nshould have been written as\n\n> パン **ゃで**\n\nHowever,\n\n 1. 1. ゃで \n 2. やで \n\nare not the same thing. It should actually be 1.2, **やで** , with a regular\nsized や. 1.1, with the small や, by itself suggests that there should have been\na [youon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Don) before で. For example (not\npertaining to the given image)\n\n 2. 1. かい **しゃ** で\n 2. でん **しゃ** で\n\nThat is why the title might be considered misleading. With the regular sized\nや, it is expected that \nやで could make sense.\n\nIn the given image, ~や (~屋, regular や)is a suffix that means _shop_. So _bread\nshop_ → _bakery_. In this case, で marks the location where an action takes\nplace. So the given image reads, more or less, _I buy bread at the bakery._\nTwo more examples\n\n 3. 1. 本屋{ほんや}で本{ほん}を買{か}います。 \n_I buy books at the bookstore._\n\n 2. 図書館{としょかん}で勉強{べんきょう}します。 \n_I study at the library._",
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| 40873 | null | 40875 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why いた is used instead of いる in the dialogue below?\n\n> なんでえ \n> 生{い}きてたのか \n> 楓{かえで}ばばあ。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5MJyI.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-14T01:24:29.593",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"manga",
"modality"
],
"title": "Why いた is used instead of いる here?",
"view_count": 609
} | [
{
"body": "なんで生きてたのか ー> Why you lived (~after a fight)? (~ How did you survived?)\n\nなんで生きているのかー> Why you still living? (~ How come you are still alive?)\n\nYour confusion is caused by this:\n\nてた・ていた are both the same, the former being a different way to speak it.\n\n(Compare to English wanna=want to・don't=do not)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-15T01:12:34.970",
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| 40877 | null | 48401 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40880",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to say \"I love my cats,\" but I don't know how to convey more than one.\n\nI've come up with 「私は私の猫大好きです」but I don't know what to do to indicate I have\nmore than one cat.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-14T02:17:46.733",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"plurals"
],
"title": "Indicate more than one?",
"view_count": 885
} | [
{
"body": "Firstly, 私の猫 **が** 大好きです is better. No need for the first 私.(Although not a\nmistake)\n\nIn Japanese plural isn't as simple as in English. \nIf the fact that you have more than one is something you REALLY want the other\nperson to know, then best way would probably be to just come out and say how\nmany cats you have in the following sentence, or in the same sentence(which\nwould make it a little bit long and complicated for your current level).\n\n> 猫3匹も飼っていて、皆好きです。(I have 3 cats and I love them all) \n> 私の猫が好きです。3匹も飼っています。",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-14T02:32:49.940",
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"body": "As said in other answers, I don't think you need to worry about making it\nplural too much. The main reason is that in english, leaving off the plural\nmakes it explicitly singular, but in japanese, leaving off the explicit plural\ndoesn't mean you are explicitly making it singular. You are left with the\nflexibility to demonstrate that it is plural through other clauses or context\nwhich is not really true for english.\n\n私の猫が好きです is a grammatically correct sentence and is better than 私は私の猫大好きです but\nit is not a very natural sentence.\n\nWhen talking about pets うちの is usually used instead of 私の. The difference is\nthat it has a nuance more along the family's cat or the house's cat but it is\nso much more common that even if you lived alone in a car, it would still\nsafely apply.\n\nうちの猫が好きです is more natural but depending on the formality and context, you may\neven want to go for something more like うちの猫たち大好き! which is probably more\nlikely to be said in practice. It is less formal but then again, how formal\nwill you really need to be when saying you love your cats?\n\nThe たち is not an uncommon or unnatural way to pluralize but it is a word that\ncarries a bit of personification. It is still used on animals often but note\nthat it is slightly more of a playful usage rather than a formally and\nstrictly correct usage.\n\nIf you wanted to be really precise and thorough, you could specify the number,\nうちの猫二匹とも大好きです(or however many) without being unnatural.",
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| 40879 | 40880 | 40880 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 大英雄が無職で何が悪い\n\n(What's wrong with a great hero being unemployed) (?)\n\nI think understand the meaning of the sentence but I equate the \"で\" with the\nEnglish \"with\", rather than think about why で is specifically used here. How\ndifferent would it be if は was used instead of で? What's the nuance of this で?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-14T02:56:49.857",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Why is で used in 「大英雄が無職で何が悪い」",
"view_count": 886
} | [
{
"body": "> 大英雄が無職で何が悪い。 \n> A great hero is unemployed, and what's wrong (with that)? \n> A great hero being unemployed, is there anything wrong?\n\nThis で is _not_ the particle で which usually means \"with (a tool)\", \"by (a\nmethod)\", \"at (a place)\", etc.\n\nThis で is the [te-form of the Japanese plain copula\nだ](http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/reference/grammar/conjugations-of-the-\njapanese-copula/). It's the same で found in \"私は学生 **で** 、あなたは会社員です\" and\n\"今日は日曜日 **で** 学校は休みだ\". The te-form is used to [denote a reason/cause of the\nfollowing clause](http://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/te-form-cause-\nreason.html) in the original sentence, so it's not possible to split it into\ntwo sentences.\n\n大英雄が無職は何が悪い would not be grammatical because \"大英雄が無職\" does not form a noun\nphrase. Well, it's possible to [use こと to turn it to a noun\nphrase](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1395/5010) and say:\n\n> 大英雄が無職 **であること** は何が悪い。 \n> What's wrong with a great hero being unemployed?\n\n...although this still looks a bit awkward. You can say 大英雄が無職であること **の**\n何が悪い, where の is used to link two nouns (大英雄が無職であること and 何).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-14T03:26:17.393",
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{
"body": "The は would not be an appropriate substitute for the で. This で is comparable\nto the use of で in a sentence like 明日でいいよ。in contrast to saying 明日がいいよ。\n\nHere the nuance between で and が is relatively subtle. They both imply that\ntomorrow is OK. The で here gives the nuance that tomorrow is one among many\ndays that are also OK, or that some other day may be preferred but tomorrow is\nalso OK. The が has a nuance that says tomorrow is specifically being singled\nout as OK or preferable.\n\nSo to apply this nuance to the sentence\n\n> \"What's wrong with a great hero being unemployed\"\n\nthe で would add the nuance that, being unemployed is one among many options.\nWhat it adds to the logic of the sentence is the disclaimer that the speaker\nalready recognizes the many other possibilities other than being unemployed\nand that these other options may even be considered preferable and clarifies\nthat the speaker is not trying to say it is the only or the best option.\n\nDon't get confused because you can also say 車でいいよ。and 車がいいよ and it is the same\nで as the earlier examples but it is not the same when you are using the で as a\n'with' where you can say 車で行くよ but 車が行くよ or 車は行くよ has a very different\nmeaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-15T00:41:20.090",
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| 40881 | null | 40882 |
{
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"body": "Let say when eating with someone, if I wanted to ask him/her: \"have you eaten\nenough?\", can I say “十分でしか”? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T03:47:27.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40883",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Have you eaten enough?",
"view_count": 1185
} | [
{
"body": "I think you could say...\n\n> * お[腹]{なか}いっぱいになった? -- casual\n> * いっぱい食べた? -- casual\n> * じゅうぶん・たくさん召し上がりました(か)? -- polite\n>\n\nbut I'd probably just say...\n\n> * [足]{た}りた?-- casual\n> * 足りました(か)? -- polite\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T05:24:49.173",
"id": "40886",
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{
"body": "十分でしか is plain ungrammatical; it must be a typo for either 十分ですか (present\ntense) or 十分でしたか (past tense). I believe both of these are correct and natural\nways to say \"Have you eaten enough?\", but they are used in a bit different\nsituations.\n\nWhen you ask \"Have you eaten enough?\" to someone who is still eating, and when\nyou can order/serve extra food if necessary, (もう)十分ですか would be the natural\nchoice.\n\nWhen you ask \"Have you eaten enough?\" to someone who has just left a\nrestaurant, for example, 十分でしたか would be the proper choice.\n\n十分ですか/十分でしたか lack the verb \"eat\", so it works only when the listener can\nunderstand from the context what you are talking about, of course. There are\nmany other ways to say something similar. See chocolate's answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-14T06:03:40.733",
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| 40883 | null | 40886 |
{
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"body": "I'm sure they all could be used in restaurant bill case. I checked this: [When\nasking for the bill - かんじょう or\nかいけい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40326/5010)\n\nBut could we also use them interchangeably for these situations?\n\nA. Taxi receipt \nB. Shopping receipt \nC. Hotel receipt\n\nOr is there any word which we cannot use for one of the situations above?\nThanks :)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T09:54:48.500",
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"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "会計 kaikei, 勘定 kanjou, チェック chekku and レシート reshiito",
"view_count": 1585
} | [
{
"body": "You can use both お会計 and お勘定 in all the situations you listed. But I feel お会計\nis more common, especially among young people. (If you are a beginner, I\nrecommend that you always add お before 会計/勘定 because it makes you sound much\npoliter and gentler)\n\nチェックをお願いします would probably be understood at large hotels, but most people\nnever use it.\n\nレシート is totally different, and refers to the small pieces of paper you are\nhanded typically at supermarkets and convenience stores. レシートをお願いします means\n\"give me the receipt (after the payment)\" rather than \"check, please\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-14T12:39:43.067",
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{
"body": "Asking for the bill is different from asking for the receipt. お会計 and お勘定are\nasking for the bill but may perhaps be better understood as asking to be rung\nup.\n\nAsking for a receipt is different and would be レシートor more commonly 領収書。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T02:00:34.460",
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| 40890 | 40895 | 40895 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40894",
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"body": "Please help me understand this たる!\n\n> 焼きたる \n> 在りたる\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8BxWq.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Yd4eq.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T10:39:12.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40891",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-14T11:37:31.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"manga",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "Please help me understand this たる?",
"view_count": 1568
} | [
{
"body": "They are the same as 焼いた人器 and いた時, respectively, but said in an archaic\nfashion.\n\nSeveral things happening here. First, ある is used instead of いる because ある\ncould safely be used with animate objects in archaic Japanese.\n\n> 人あり。 (archaic) \n> ≒ 人がいる。 (modern Japanese) \n> ≒ There is a person.\n\nたる is the attributive form of the [Japanese archaic auxiliary verb\nたり](http://www.hello-school.net/haroajapa009006.htm), which describes the\nperfect aspect or the continuation of state (not past tense, strictly\nspeaking). Attributive form is a verb form used to modify the following noun.\n\n> 声を聞きたり。 (archaic) \n> ≒ 声を聞いた。 (modern Japanese) \n> ≒ I have heard a voice.\n>\n> 聞きたる声 (archaic) \n> ≒ 聞いた声 (modern Japanese) \n> ≒ the voice which I (have) heard\n\nWhile たり/たる works very similarly to so-called ta-form in modern Japanese, one\nexception is that it follows the masu-stem of verbs. In archaic Japanese, so-\ncalled \"te-form\" or \"ta-form\" did not exist. What we know as \"te-form\" or \"ta-\nform\" today is a result of relatively recent sound changes called 音便(おんびん).\n[See this chart for details](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/17497/5010).\nIn fact, in Japanese school grammar, 焼き and 焼い or 在り and 在っ are treated as\n[the same conjugation form called\n連用形](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24033/5010) (\"continuative form\").\n\nBTW, I feel the latter example, 在りたる時, may not be quite natural from the\nhistorical standpoint. It may have to be 在りし時 using し, the attributive form of\nthe archaic auxiliary verb き denoting past. I'd like to see opinions from\nother people who are better at archaic Japanese.",
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| 40891 | 40894 | 40894 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40896",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am beginner to Japanese language. I am using Genki as textbook. I came\nacross this sentence in one of the exercises:\n\n> あなたの学校に日本人の学生がいますか。\n\nWhy is it **日本人** の **学生** here and not **日本** の **学生** ? Wouldn't 日本の学生\n(Student of Japan/ Japanese student) make more sense than 日本人の学生 (Japanese\nperson student) ?\n\nAm I interpreting it wrong ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T11:33:07.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 日本人の学生 and 日本の学生 ?",
"view_count": 1905
} | [
{
"body": "`A の B` has many meanings, depending on the relationship of `A` and `B`:\n\n 1. (possession/affiliation/belonging) `B of A`, `A's B`, `B which belongs to A`\n * 彼の友達 his friend, a friend of his\n * 私の車 my car\n * 日本の都市 Japanese cities\n 2. (state/description/apposition) `B that is A`, `B, being A` (in this case, の is interchangeable with である) \n * 友達のマイケル my friend Micheal\n * トナカイのルドルフ Rudolph the reindeer\n * 医者の乗客 a passenger who is a doctor\n 3. [... and many others](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/171157/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AE/)\n\nOccasionally it can be hard to tell between 1. and 2. For example, 犯罪者の子供 may\nmean either \"the criminal's child\" (the child himself is not a criminal) or \"a\nchild who is a criminal\", depending on the context.\n\nIn your case, the first definition is applied for 日本の学生 (\"a student of\nJapan\"), and the second definition is applied for 日本人の学生 (\"a student who is a\nJapanese person\"). They both mean the same thing, _Japanese student(s)_.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T13:49:16.753",
"id": "40896",
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| 40892 | 40896 | 40896 |
{
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"body": "I'm currently using Genki (Intermediate), and I've seen a couple of times now\nsentences ending with -て, while I've learned to view this sort of as a\nconjunction, like \"and\".\n\n> 1. ジョンが来ることは、けんじに聞いて知ってたけど、いつ来るか分からなくて。\n> 2. 日本語の宿題がたくさんあったし、それに難しくて、なかなか終わらなくて。\n>\n\nCan anyone explain this usage? I understand the meaning of these sentences,\nbut why this form is used is unclear. Perhaps there is nuance here that I'm\nmissing.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"て-form"
],
"title": "sentence-final -て",
"view_count": 186
} | [
{
"body": "In English you would probably consider these fragments or incomplete\nsentences. In either of these examples, the usage is not really different from\nother usages of て. It deliberately leaves off the rest of the thought in such\na way that you might expect a follow up explanation. Sentences are usually\nended like this when that underlying thought either doesn't need to be said\nexplicitly or the speaker simply doesn't want to make it explicit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T01:15:41.120",
"id": "40906",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-24T06:08:23.667",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-24T06:08:23.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18664",
"parent_id": "40893",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40893 | null | 40906 |
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