question
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list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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stringlengths 2
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⌀ | popular_answer_id
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading a short omake and can't quite decipher some handwritten text:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DnQqr.png)\n\nI'm fairly sure one of the characters is 生 but can't tell for the rest.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T17:23:09.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40897",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-14T21:14:46.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14659",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Help With A Handwritten Sentence",
"view_count": 124
} | [
{
"body": "Not sure if this is on-topic but it says:\n\n> それでね，先生がー.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T21:14:46.360",
"id": "40900",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-14T21:14:46.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "40897",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40897 | null | 40900 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40905",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a text related to norms and regulations I read this phrase:\n\n> 材料メーカーにおける試験値のミルシート **へ** の記載誤りであり、製造者の受け入れ検査不備による。\n\nI don't understand this へ particle here. Is really necessary? I think it can\nbe omitted, so what's the difference between への and just の?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T19:29:46.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40898",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T00:56:49.107",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-14T21:07:24.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "7003",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"particle-へ"
],
"title": "Is へ really necessary in this phrase?",
"view_count": 87
} | [
{
"body": "It should not be omitted because to say ミルシートの記載誤り would imply that the 記載 is\nan attribute of or is owned by or done by the ミルシート which is not the case\nbecause the 記載 was done _to_ the ミルシート. The literal translation \"mention\" is\nmisleading because documents can \"mention\" things but documents cannot perform\nthe action 記載. 記載 refers to something that is done _to_ some document by an\nactor.\n\nIn this case the ミルシート did not mistakenly \"mention\" anything. Something was\nmistakenly \"entered\" into or \"documented\" on the ミルシート.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T00:56:49.107",
"id": "40905",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T00:56:49.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18664",
"parent_id": "40898",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40898 | 40905 | 40905 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40902",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 「この寒いのによく山へなんて行ったねェ。 **そんで、いたの** ？」 \n> You went to places like the mountains often in these cold days, right? And,\n> there was...? \n> 「アハハー、 **いたじょいたじょーっ** 。」\n\nFirstly, how should I understand そんで、いたの? Is it like an incomplete question\ninviting the listener to finish the sentence? e.g.\n\n> So you went to the zoo and you saw...? \n> That's right. I saw an elephant.\n\nSecondly, what is the meaning of the じょ/じょー in the response?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T21:10:54.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40899",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-16T05:14:41.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "Sentence ending じょ",
"view_count": 367
} | [
{
"body": "Another translation could be:\n\n> It's so cold, and yet you're able to go to places like mountains. So, did\n> you?\n\nThe それで、いたの？ is like, \"so, were you there?\" or \"so, did you go?\" if the\ndialect drops the small つ.\n\n* * *\n\nAccording to this\n[question](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1459356054):\n「じょ」 comes from the Wakayama-dialect and is used in place of the sentence\nfinal 「よ」.\n\nThe 「いたじょ」is like 「いたよ」, \"I was there\" or \"I went there\" if the dialect drops\nthe small つ.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T21:23:14.047",
"id": "40901",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-14T21:23:14.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "40899",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "そんで、いたの？ (= それで、いたの？) means \"And, was (it) there?\" \"And, did you see/find (it)\nthere?\" そんで is a colloquial, collapsed way of pronouncing それで. The subject for\nthe verb いた(居た) is left out.\n\nいたじょいたじょ (= いたぞいたぞ) literally means \"(It) was there, (it) was there.\" This is\nhow 山田くん in anime ちびまる子ちゃん usually talks (e.g. 「～だじょー。」「～したじょー。」 ). I think\nyoung children tend to pronounce the sentence-final particle ～ぞ as ～じょ, though\nit could be a regional dialect.\n\n> \"(I'm surprised that) You managed to go to the mountains in such a cold day.\n> And, was it there? / And, did you find it there?\" \n> \"Ahaha, yes, it was there! / yes, I found it there!\"\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, the よく means \"manage to (do something difficult)\", not \"often.\"\nEg:\n\n> * 君、 **よく** 行ったね。 \n> What a surprise you managed to go.\n> * **よく** まあ無事に帰ってこられましたね。 \n> How lucky you got back safe and sound!\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-14T23:34:22.523",
"id": "40902",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-16T05:14:41.530",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-16T05:14:41.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "40899",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40899 | 40902 | 40902 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40915",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having trouble understanding this sentence from a soccer manga I like to\nread. There is not much context to the sentence, and further, the character\noften uses slang.\n\nThe whole sentence is this:\n\n> まああんなのは棚からなんとやらだ.\n\nIt is said by a player who is about to kick a ball. People in the stands are\ncheering him because he's really good at kicking from far away, and he's\nsomewhat irritated that they put pressure on him.\n\nSomeone suggested to me that it might be related to \"棚から牡丹餅\" but it doesn't\nseem to me to make sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T01:36:23.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40907",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T05:41:17.247",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-15T03:38:16.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "14496",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"slang",
"idioms",
"jargon"
],
"title": "I have trouble understanding this: 棚からなんとやらだ",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "まああんなのは棚からなんとやらだ in this context means \"Well, it's just that I was lucky\" or\n\"Well, that was only a godsend (goal).\" The player is not confident of his own\nkicking skill although he have made a great kick before this.\n\nAs you have correctly guessed, 棚からなんとやら refers to a well-known idiom\n[棚からぼたもち](http://kazuno.in.coocan.jp/99kotowaza/99ta/Tana%20kara%20botamochi.htm).\nSee [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/40603/5010) by\n@goldbrick for the explanation of なんとやら here. It's kind of like saying \"when\nin Rome\" without saying the last half.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T05:34:04.233",
"id": "40915",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T05:41:17.247",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40907",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40907 | 40915 | 40915 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40909",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "One of the things I struggle the most sometimes is finding an expression in\nJapanese that equals to the one I'm used to use in English.\n\nIn this case, I was talking in english to this girl and she transcribed what I\nsaid to Japanese, and I wanted to say \"That's exactly what I meant\".\n\nI feel like そうだよ is a bit vague in this case, so I came up with:\n\n> 僕はそれって意味しましたね\n\nbut now I have this gut feeling that I'm using Japanese to express an english\nexpression, therefore she'll maybe not understand it.\n\nSo, is there a better way to put it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T01:37:17.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40908",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T02:45:46.067",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-15T02:45:26.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "Saying \"That's exactly what I meant\"",
"view_count": 2412
} | [
{
"body": "It depends on the situation but you could say:\n\n[まさにそれ](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%95%E3%81%AB%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C)\n- exactly that!!\n\nor\n\nそれを言おうと思った - that's what I meant to say",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T01:44:04.567",
"id": "40909",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T01:44:04.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "40908",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> 僕はそれって意味しましたね\n\nis incorrect. I'd suggest sticking to「そうだよ」「そう、それ」「それそれ！」「そうそう、それ」「そうそう」and\nthe likes. These are all common phrases that basically mean the same thing.\nNote that they are all pretty casual and informal.\n\nThe closest thing to what you were trying to say which was a little more\nformal might sound like\n\n> 「それを言いたかったんです」 That's what I wanted to say.\n\nor\n\n> 「僕はそう言う意味で言いました」That is what I meant when I said that.\n\nThese are a little bit less natural in a casual conversation though.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T01:55:02.863",
"id": "40910",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T02:45:46.067",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-15T02:45:46.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18664",
"parent_id": "40908",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 40908 | 40909 | 40909 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40914",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A forum says that most Japanese will find this funny but I don't get it. Can\nanyone explain?\n\n\n\n([source](http://livedoor.4.blogimg.jp/himasoku123/imgs/9/1/91e42d57.jpg))\n\n> おもさを \n> たいせきで \n> わるんだなあ \n> みつど",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T03:31:15.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40913",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-08T02:20:46.750",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-16T03:06:45.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "17997",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 27,
"tags": [
"puns",
"jokes"
],
"title": "Why is this funny?",
"view_count": 5333
} | [
{
"body": "Because it is like a famous Japanese poet 相田{あいだ}みつを's style of writing.\n\nHe often used the word だなぁ. And おもさをたいせきでわる is not funny in itself, it is a\nmathematical sentence.\n\nI give a little explanation of this funny. 相田みつを mainly wrote about the\nimportance of life, human life, encouragement and love for afflicted people in\nhis poems with easy words. And だなぁ have soft note. while おもさをたいせきでわる is just a\nmathematical equation and we usually don't attach だなぁ to it. So I think its\ncontradistinction would be funny and the pun which naruto noticed is also the\ncause.\n\nSome of his poems are\n[here](http://iyashitour.com/meigen/greatman/aidamitsuo).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T04:15:27.200",
"id": "40914",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-08T02:20:46.750",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-08T02:20:46.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "40913",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 27
},
{
"body": "I read “おもさをたいせきでわるんだなあ みつど” by verbatim as; 重さを体積で割るんだなあ、密度 – It’ s weight\ndivided by volume, density, isn’t it.\n\nThough I’m not good at mathematics, the density of material can be measured in\nproportion of weight and volume.\n\n“みつど- ” can be a play of word of 密度- density with the name of (相田)みつお, a\nfamous author of aphoristic poems but I’m not sure of it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T22:06:48.863",
"id": "40942",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T20:55:15.100",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-07T20:55:15.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "40913",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40913 | 40914 | 40914 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40921",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What are the differences between になろうと言った and になると言った ? [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yPNsU.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T07:11:35.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40918",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T23:00:40.077",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-15T07:25:28.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "18119",
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "になろうと言った and になると言った",
"view_count": 265
} | [
{
"body": "The first expresses intent to try '~ said s/he will try become ~'. The second\nis '~ said it will become ~'",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T08:42:54.753",
"id": "40919",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T08:42:54.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17841",
"parent_id": "40918",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> (お前は私に)「～～ volitional auxiliary う/よう」と言った。 \n> (お前は私に)「～～ plain form of a verb」と言った。\n\nI would _normally_ interpret the former as \"You said, 'Let's do ~~',\" i.e.\n\"You suggested that we should do ~~,\" and the latter as \"You said, 'I will do\n~~',\" i.e. \"You said that you would do ~~.\"\n\nSo I think 「お前は『人間に **なる** 』と言った」 means \"You said you would be human,\" and\n「お前は『人間に **なろう** 』と言った」 would be interpreted as \"You suggested that we should\nbecome human.\"\n\nExamples:\n\n * 彼は(私に)東京に行 **こう** と言った。 He suggested we go to Tokyo. \n * 彼は(私に)東京に行 **く** と言った。 He told me that he was going to Tokyo.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T09:32:32.160",
"id": "40921",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T23:00:40.077",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-15T23:00:40.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "40918",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40918 | 40921 | 40921 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40926",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know 私は田中さんにプレゼントをもらいました means \"I received a gift from Mr/Mrs Tanaka\" and\n私は田中さんにプレゼントをあげました means \"I gave a gift to Mr/Mrs Tanaka\".\n\nWhat I'm wondering is, can もらいます・あげます sentences work without the ni particle?\n\nIn that case would 田中さんはプレゼントをもらいました mean \"Mr/Mrs Tanaka received a gift\" and\n田中さんはプレゼントをあげました - Mr/Mrs Tanaka gave a gift? Or is it all wrong? And does the\nperson who receives/gives this to/from Mr/Mrs Tanaka is always implied to be\nus, or can it be anybody?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T15:33:55.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40924",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T16:52:15.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Difference between particles に and は in あげます/もらいます sentences?",
"view_count": 231
} | [
{
"body": "> In that case would 田中さんはプレゼントをもらいました mean \"Mr/Mrs Tanaka received a gift\"\n> and 田中さんはプレゼントをあげました - Mr/Mrs Tanaka gave a gift? Or is it all wrong?\n\nThese are correct.\n\n> And does the person who receives/gives this to/from Mr/Mrs Tanaka is always\n> implied to be us, or can it be anybody?\n\nIt can be anybody. Only seeing these sentences, we can't understand who it is.\nOf course, the context may tell us it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T16:52:15.190",
"id": "40926",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T16:52:15.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18422",
"parent_id": "40924",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40924 | 40926 | 40926 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40929",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's its role in the sentence below?\n\nクラスの **もの** 皆が彼の冗談に笑った。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T19:15:10.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40927",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T19:34:27.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Why is もの in this sentence?",
"view_count": 96
} | [
{
"body": "It's 者【もの】, a word that means \"person/people\".\n\nUnlike 人, it's usually used as part of a compound word (eg 田舎者), or at least\nmodified by another word/phrase. It's also often used as the humble word for\n人, which is not the case with your example.\n\nSee: [Difference between 者{もの} and\n人{ひと}](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21530/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T19:34:27.147",
"id": "40929",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T19:34:27.147",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40927",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40927 | 40929 | 40929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40930",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> お前らは運がいい。今日の俺の試合を見て、 **勉強できる機会ができたからな** 。お前らは、 **それで勉強して**\n> 、俺を倒す夢を見続けろ。だが、敵わないけどな。\n\nWhat is the best literal translation of 勉強できる機会ができたから and それで勉強して \nIs できたから saying \"Because I'm giving you...\"? and is それで勉強し saying \"At that\nstudying\" or \"While you are studying\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T19:24:31.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40928",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-15T19:53:44.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Translation of できた and それで in this sentences",
"view_count": 123
} | [
{
"body": "`～ができる` means _to be made/created_ or _to form_ (intransitive).\n\n> Ice **forms** at a temperature of 32°F. \n> 氷はカ氏32度で **できる**. \n> (taken [from here](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/form))\n\n勉強する機会ができた literally means \"a chance to study formed\", or more naturally,\n\"you've got a chance to learn (from how I played today)\".\n\n`それで` in this context literally means \"by means of it\" or \"using it\", and それ\nhere refers to the \"chance to learn\". A less literal translation would be \"You\nguys, take this opportunity and learn from me, and keep dreaming of defating\nme.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T19:53:44.740",
"id": "40930",
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"score": 3
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]
| 40928 | 40930 | 40930 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40950",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> だれとも電話をする必要がない **のにも関わらず** 、私はその小さな物体が欲しくてたまらなかったものだ。\n\nHow can I parse のにも関わらず? \nI know にも関わらず means \"in spite of\" but so does のに and 関わらず. So why use の in\nにも関わらず?\n\nAlso, what is the function of も in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T22:49:07.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Differences between のに, 関わらず, にも関わらず, and のにも関わらず",
"view_count": 446
} | [
{
"body": "のに関わらず, にも関わらず のに and のにも関わらず share the same meaning. Meaning of they are **In\nspite of**. \nのに has one other meaning. The other meaning is _although_ (even though).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T07:09:09.247",
"id": "40935",
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{
"body": "Whether it has も makes important difference. (noun)に関わらず means \"regardless of\n(noun)\" while (noun/stem of na-adj, verb, i-adj)にも関わらず means \"in spite of\", as\nis already mentioned.\n\nAs for の, you need it to norminalize a verb when it connects to に関わらず, and\nit's virtually optional when it comes to にも関わらず. However you can rephrase\ninterrogative clauses like 行くか行かないかに関わらず as 行く行かないに関わらず.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T07:35:57.813",
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| 40932 | 40950 | 40950 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40934",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Among Russian speakers, there are some rather strong opinions on loanwords. It\nis often said that they ruin the beauty of your speech, obscure the meaning of\nwhat you're saying and just generally seem inappropriate and unnecessary when\nyou can say the same thing using only words of native origin (plus maybe\nloanwords that \"already became a natural part of the language\").\n\nIs there anything similar going on with loanwords in Japanese language? Will\nusing them frequently make you sound like a try-hard that wants to seem\n\"advanced\" but just ends up being really silly and awkward? If you're, let's\nsay, writing a fairy tale, is it recommended to avoid loanwords due to their\nmodern, \"less human\" feel? Any other situations where they are more\ninappropriate than usual?\n\nI'm sorry if this is off-topic and/or too opinion-based. I just feel like\npeople on here could write some very insightful answers, but if this question\ngets closed I'll totally understand.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-15T23:17:21.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40933",
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"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Do loanwords have a more formal/technical/\"soulless\" feel compared to their native counterparts?",
"view_count": 333
} | [
{
"body": "The argument you introduced is something we often hear in Japan, too. But I\ndon't know Russian, and I don't know how strongly Russian people dislike\nloanwords as compared to Japanese. That said, I think Japanese people are\ngenerally tolerant of loanwords.\n\nUnsurprisingly, in samurai dramas and Japanese fairy tales, loanwords are\nnormally not used. We hear 匙 instead of スプーン, 暦 instead of カレンダー, 厠 instead of\nトイレ, and so on. But this is probably not because loanwords are\n\"soulless\"...it's just that they were not used in those days. Haiku generally\nconsist of native Japanese words, too, but I think using katakana words is no\nlonger taboo in modern haiku. Of course it's perfectly fine to use スプーン if you\nwant to write a sequel of Cinderella, for example.\n\n> Will using them frequently make you sound like a try-hard that wants to seem\n> \"advanced\" but just ends up being really silly and awkward?\n\nYes, there is a word that buzzed recently and describes exactly this:\n[意識高い系](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E9%AB%98%E3%81%84%E7%B3%BB)\n(lit. \"highly conscious folks\"). This is a negative-sounding stereotype of\nsomeone who tries to act like a \"global businessperson\" even though they are\nnot capable. Trying to use difficult loanwords is one of the typical\ncharacteristics of 意識高い系 people.\n\nTo take an example, the following is a real help-wanted ad issued by Rakuten:\n[楽天の求人がルー語でヤバイ！](http://togetter.com/li/345155)\n\n> カナダのKoboチームと時折コミュニケーションを行い、グローバルなベストプラクティスを実践していただくグローバルなオポチュニティです。\n\nOr see this \"Greetings from the president\" (although apparently this is an\nintentional joke): [意識高い系社長の挨拶文\nカタカナ英語が多すぎて何を言っているかわからないと話題に](http://news.biglobe.ne.jp/trend/0122/blnews_160122_9325103901.html)\n\n>\n> 2000年初頭に起こったパラダイムシフトにより様々なキャズムが取り払われ、各社のコアコンピタンスがコモディティ化された結果、先の見えない不況が我々の眼前に覆いかぶさってきています。LIGは自社の強みでもあるファクトベースにおけるブルーオーシャン戦略、いわゆるボトルネックを排除したベネフィット創出事業にフルコミットする事で、安定的な成長を続けています。\n\nA typical response from ordinary Japanese people would be something like \"What\nthe hell is this guy saying? He can't even speak in Japanese!\" Well, note that\nthese are a bit exaggerated examples. In reality, few people try to use\nkatakana words intentionally because most of us understand that doing so won't\nmake ourselves look intelligent.\n\nHere's a list of words 意識高い系 people tend to use:\n[意識高い系が使っている用語が話題に…。](http://girlschannel.net/topics/259087/)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T05:47:30.917",
"id": "40934",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 40933 | 40934 | 40934 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40937",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Imagine you are in a restaurant and you want to order food, you choose your\ndish but the waiter says that it is not available today.\n\nIn English I would now probably say something like\n\n> Ok, then I take curry\n\nWhat is the natural way of saying this in Japanese? I'm asking about the \"Ok,\nthen\" part.\n\nAs of now, I would probably just say\n\n> Hmm えとー カレーをおねがいします.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T08:36:18.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40936",
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"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"Ok, then I take X\" after your first choice is not available",
"view_count": 1765
} | [
{
"body": "For casual, which is acceptable as a client I would go with\n\n> じゃあ、カレーにします。\n\nIf you want to be more polite then\n\n> それなら、カレーにします。\n\nじゃあ means : then; well; so; well then \nそれなら means : if that's the case",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T08:40:45.190",
"id": "40937",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 40936 | 40937 | 40937 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40939",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What's the Japanese word for \"tangy\"? It's a bit hard to define the word, but\nit's something that has a sharp flavour, and it's not necessarily a pejorative\n(saying that something's bad). For example, I might say that airag, or maybe\nsome slightly fermented yoghurt is tangy.\n\nNeither jisho.org nor wiktionary has a translation.\n\nI came across\n\n> ぴりっとする、強いにおいのある\n\non weblio, but the second part seems to be a definition, not a translation,\nsaying strong smell, and the first part \"ぴりっと\" doesn't seem to be an exact\nmatch.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T10:48:34.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40938",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese",
"food"
],
"title": "Japanese word for tangy",
"view_count": 1194
} | [
{
"body": "I think ピリッとする is pretty good as a translation.\n\n * 酸っぱい \nIs often translated as \"sour\", but is often used by native speakers for\ntangy/zingy taste, like sweet apple juice that has a certain zing to it. (Of\ncourse, sweet and sour aren't mutually exclusive, so I think the Japanese\nrightfully identify a certain acidity. Nevertheless, in this situation 酸っぱい\nshouldn't necessarily be translated to \"sour\" and conversely 酸っぱい might be\nused as \"tangy\" in certain situations.)\n\n * ピリッとする \nThis often describes a certain tingly sensation in the tongue, like from spicy\nfood or fermented food (carbonic acid).\n\n * ツンとする \nSimilar to ピリッとする, but more like the spiciness of mustard or _wasabi_ that is\nfelt in the nose.\n\nFor the \"strong smell\" sense of \"tangy\" there is also\n\n * 香りが強い Meaning \"strong smell\". May be used for foods/drinks that are especially aromatic. Although it might look clumsy (\"like a definition\"), it's in fact frequently used.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T11:43:15.720",
"id": "40939",
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{
"body": "if you want to say that is tastes good but is tangy or sour go with 渋い\n(shibui). This word has a meaning similar to tart or zesty. It is listed in\njisho.org. タルトor タート can also be used to convey the same meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-17T11:59:08.913",
"id": "40958",
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| 40938 | 40939 | 40939 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to start learning Japanese but i'm lost i don't know from where to\nbegin, is there anybody knows a good strategy to use?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T12:33:00.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40940",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-16T12:38:56.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"learning"
],
"title": "a strategy to learn Japanese",
"view_count": 224
} | [
{
"body": "Start learning hiragana and katakana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T12:38:56.190",
"id": "40941",
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
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| 40940 | null | 40941 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40946",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "At the start of the book (no previous context) the teacher asks this question:\n\n> 「ではみなさんは、 **そういうふうに** 川だといわれたり、乳の流れたあとだといわれたりしていたこのぼんやりと白いものがほんとうは\n> _なにかご承知ですか_ 。」 \n> Well everyone, this vague white thing which has been called a river and has\n> been called a trail of flowing milk, _do you know what it really is_ ?\n\nI'm unsure about how the ending of this sentence works (italics) but I'll ask\na separate question for that.\n\nFor this question, I don't understand the meaning of そういうふうに. Literally I\nthink it means \"in that kind of way\" but I can't make such a translation work\nin this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T23:22:57.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "そういうふうに meaning",
"view_count": 1725
} | [
{
"body": "\"in that kind of way\" or \"like that/like those\" are feasible translations for\nそういうふうに. We can (if it makes sense to you) understand it as \"as in examples\nmentioned above\" in this sentence.\n\nIf it's still unclear, let's consider the context. The teacher has apparently\nbeen giving some lecture before asking the question. S/he is talking about\n\"ぼんやりと白いもの\" and mentions about it having been called a river or a trail of\nmilk. Most likely, s/he has just told their students about how the thing was\nbelieved to be milk in certain part of the world and a river in another, and\nthis is what 「そう」いうふうに refers to.\n\nOther examples:\n\n> 「そういうふうに力を入れるんじゃねえといったら、わからんやつだな。」\n> ([source](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000121/files/45213_18765.html)) --\n> _Don't put too much power like that (as you are doing)._\n>\n>\n> …景色のよいところで食うことが望ましい。叶わぬまでも、なるべくそういうふうにする心がけが必要である。([source](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001403/files/50005_37895.html))\n> -- _to try to meet these conditions (mentioned above)_\n>\n> そういうふうに考えてみると -- _thinking that way,_ or _when following these thoughts_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-17T00:34:46.170",
"id": "40946",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 40943 | 40946 | 40946 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40947",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "[Same sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40943/11104), different\nquestion:\n\n> 「ではみなさんは、そういうふうに川だといわれたり、乳の流れたあとだといわれたりしていたこのぼんやりと白いものがほんとうは **なにかご承知ですか**\n> 。」 \n> Well everyone, this vague white thing which has been called a river and has\n> been called a trail of flowing milk, do you know what it really is ?\n\nLiterally I translate:\n\n> xがなにかご承知ですか as \n> \"is there some knowledge of x\" -> \n> \"Does anyone know about x\".\n\nIs this correct? Is it a common way to ask a question? What other ways could\nyou ask \"does anyone know about x?\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-16T23:30:26.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40944",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-17T03:38:29.760",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"questions",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Understanding なにかご承知ですか",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "It is a perfectly normal way to elicit a response. my self I would take the\nmeaning in as \"Are you aware of x\". We use this question at work all the time\nwhen bugs and system error are found. having said that. I would probably not\nuse it while speaking with friend. But would use it if I were an old man\ntelling a story to kids or a narrator of a documentary.\n\neasy alternatives could be\n\nなにか分かりますか？\n\nなんなんでしょう？\n\nなにかご存知ですか？ (a little more on the polite side)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-17T00:04:10.150",
"id": "40945",
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{
"body": "Xがほんとうはなにかご承知ですか literally translates to \"Do you know what X really is?\"\nAlthough ご承知ですか may be relatively less uncommon than ご存じですか (honorific \"to\nknow ～\"), `Xがなにか` is a very common way to ask questions like this.\n\nXがなにか here forms an _embedded question_ which can be literally translated as\n\"what X is\". Similarly, Xがだれか means \"who X is\", Xがいつだったか means \"when X was\",\nand so on. Details are explained in this question: [Usage of か after a\nclause?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13034/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-17T01:18:16.887",
"id": "40947",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-17T01:36:28.927",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
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{
"body": "> * 分かりますか\n> * 知っていますか\n> * ご存知{ぞんじ}ですか・ご承知{しょうち}ですか\n>\n\nThe last two are rather formal and are often used interchangeably. \nLike...\n\nご存知の通り and ご承知の通り\n\nThere is one case I can think of though where they are not really fully\ninterchangeable...\n\n> 「承知いたしました！」 - \"Understood!\"\n\nThis makes sense if you think about the Kanji though, as 承知 is like\nsaying「承{うけたまわ}って知る」, which carries the idea of _receiving_ knowledge, whereas\n存知 just indicates the _presence_ of knowledge.\n\nHere's a comparison with 了解 which has a similar meaning...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6iBIt.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-17T03:38:29.760",
"id": "40948",
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]
| 40944 | 40947 | 40945 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am sending a gift to a Japanese family (friends of ours). Rather than\naddress the gift to one individual I want to address it to the entire family.\n\nHow do I write\n\n> The Tanaka Family\n\nin Japanese?\n\nI have read a bit about the possible use of _mina_ (to represent all) and\n_sama_. Maybe it should be \"Tanaka-mina\"?\n\nPlease also answer in _rōmaji_.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-17T05:35:10.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40949",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"names",
"honorifics",
"written-language"
],
"title": "How to address a family?",
"view_count": 4440
} | [
{
"body": "Actually it's not a good idea to translate it. Japanese mail carriers can read\nenvelopes written in English format, and a bizarre mix of the Japanese and\nEnglish styles would make your envelope look worse. Rest assured that you can\nalways write \"The Tanaka Family\" or \"Mr. Taro Tanaka\", using English alphabet,\non the first line.\n\n( **EDIT:** By the way, did you know that, by writing the name on the _first_\nline, you are already violating \"the Japanese rule\"? On Japanese-style\nenvelopes/postcards, the address comes first and the name comes last. That's\nanother reason why you should stick to one particular format.)\n\nYou can stop reading this here, but in case you're interested, the polite and\northodox way to write this in Japanese would be:\n\n> 田中家ご一同様 \n> **Tanaka-ke go-ichidō sama** \n> (lit. Tanaka + family + (honorific prefix) + everyone + (honoric suffix)\n\nHere 家 (け, `-ke`) is a suffix that follows a family name and refers to the\nfamily itself. A family name followed by さん (`-san`) refers to an individual\nperson in the family, like English \"Mr.\"\n\nBut honestly speaking, writing something like this using English characters\nlooks even funny to me. If you really want to write Japanese words using\nEnglish characters, IMHO it's sufficient if you wrote:\n\n> 田中家の皆様 \n> **Tanaka-ke no minasama** \n> (lit. Tanaka + family + 's + everyone + (honorific suffix))",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T10:38:52.087",
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"score": 6
}
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| 40949 | null | 40955 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41195",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just came across the grammar being metioned here\n<http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%e3%81%93%e3%81%a8-koto/>. It states yet another way to form\nthe imperative.\n\nTo my surprise I cannot find any related info for this on google. I already\nknow three other ways on how to form the imperative. Where exactly does こと fit\nin?\n\n * ?: Verb + こと \n\n> お金を大切にすること。\n\n * Command: Verb-stem+なさい \n\n> お金を大切にしなさい。\n\n * More straight forward/abrupt \n\n> お金を大切にしろ。\n\n * Request: てください \n\n> お金を大切にしてください。\n\nOne difference I noticed is that you can use こと for both positive and negative\nverbs which makes it really convenient. Unlike with the others, where you\nwould have to use\n\n> するな\n\nor\n\n> しないでください\n\nrespectively.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T08:49:18.220",
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"id": "40951",
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"owner_user_id": "18684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"imperatives",
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "こと as an Imperative",
"view_count": 1152
} | [
{
"body": "> 「Verb in Dictionary Form (Affirmative or Negative) + **こと** 」\n\nis a valid and very common way of forming an imperative. We all grow up\nhearing this imperative form used by our teachers, parents, older kids, etc.\nIt is **_that_** kind of strict imperative; It is not a friendly request. You\nhave no choice but to obey. ♡\n\nThis 「こと」 is a **_sentence-ending particle_** and it should be treated\ndifferently from [the noun\n「こと/事」](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BA%8B-502856#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88).\nYou will find this usage of 「こと」 in every monolingual dictionary. Read (if you\ncould) where it says 終助{しゅうじょ}, which means \"sentence-ending particle\" here\nfor instance: [「こと」in\n大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8-65466#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\n\n* * *\n\nList of karate school rules found on the Internet:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xlyd4.gif)",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-25T15:36:38.910",
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},
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar\", page 135: \n\n> こと: an auxiliary noun to express a command. \n> It is used only in written Japanese. \n> They often appear in rules and regulations.\n>\n> Examples: \n> 私語は慎むこと。 \n> Refrain from whispering.\n>\n> 先に必ずテープを聞くこと。 \n> Be sure to listen to the tape beforehand.",
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| 40951 | 41195 | 41195 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40954",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> フェイズスキルにはいたらねど\n\nAnd the next sentence\n\n> それゆえに「螺旋撃」は武の極致\n\nI don't know how to break up the hiragana in the first sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-17T09:15:57.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40952",
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"owner_user_id": "10548",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"suffixes"
],
"title": "~ど at the end of a sentence?",
"view_count": 740
} | [
{
"body": "フェイズスキルにはいたらねど here means フェイズスキルには至らないが (\"although it does not reach (the\nlevel of) _phase skill_ \", \"although it's not as good as _phase skills_ \").\n\nねど is a combination of ね and ど, both of which are words from archaic Japanese.\n\n * **ね** : [已然形](http://thejapanesepage.com/w/index.php?title=Conjugation_Bases#.E5.B7.B2.E7.84.B6.E5.BD.A2_.28Izenkei.29) form of [ず](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9A), which is equivalent to ～ない (=\"not\") in modern Japanese.\n * [**ど**](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A9): ≒ ～が/～けれども in modern Japanese. (eg 金あれど = 金はあるが)\n\nPerhaps the best-known phrase that uses this ねど would be\n[武士は食わねど高楊枝](http://kotowaza-allguide.com/hu/bushiwakuwanedo.html).",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 40952 | 40954 | 40954 |
{
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"body": "I heard a very polite employee say to a customer over the phone:\n\n> A様がおられますでしょうか？\n\nMost people would say いらっしゃいます instead of おられます. \nThe use of おる here surprises me because I have been told it is 謙譲語.\n\nIs it a mistake, or some advanced usage, or something else?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-17T09:36:31.700",
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"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "\"A様がおられますでしょうか？\" : Isn't おる 謙譲語?",
"view_count": 68
} | []
| 40953 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40964",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[_Nihongo no mori_](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhP_VZtAuro) states that\nbefore 際 you can use either a \"dictionary form\" verb or a \"-ta form\" verb. How\ndoes this influence the meaning of the phrase?\n\n_Nihongo no mori_ gives the following sentence as an example:\n\n 1. 東京へ **来た** 際は、ぜひ私に連絡してください。 \n\nBut, can I also say next sentence?\n\n 2. 東京へ **来る** 際は、ぜひ私に連絡してください。\n\nIf so, what is the difference between those two?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T11:29:19.103",
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"owner_user_id": "7679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "The verb form used before 際",
"view_count": 196
} | [
{
"body": "As far as i can tell, when you use the た form, the action before 際 clearly\nhappens before the second part of the sentence. But when the dictionary form\nis used, the two actions are closer in time, almost simultaneous.\n\nMy grammar book has two examples that i think help to understand it better:\n\n> カードを紛失した際はカード会社にすぐ知らせなければならない。\n>\n> パスポートを申請する際に必要なものを教えてください。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T15:06:04.953",
"id": "40963",
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"body": "I agree that there's a much more clear temporal distinction of with ~した際.\n\n> 東京へ来た際は、ぜひ私に連絡してください。\n\nPlease contact me when **you have come** to Tokyo.\n\n> 東京へ来る際は、ぜひ私に連絡してください。\n\nPlease contact me when **you're coming** to Tokyo.\n\nThe latter could be when the person decides to go to Tokyo, or when they're\nabout to hop on a plane, or any number of other points in time, whereas in the\nformer it's fairly clear that they'd like to be contacted after the person has\narrived.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 40957 | 40964 | 40964 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40960",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If for example someone said :\n\n> 彼はかっこいいね?\n\nAnd I want to say 'he is also...' but I don't want to repeat the whole\nsentence like :\n\n> 彼も優しいよね?\n\nCan I just say :\n\n> 優しいのも or 優しくても\n\nTo imply it?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T12:16:01.467",
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"id": "40959",
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"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can も particle be used after adjective/verb + の?",
"view_count": 486
} | [
{
"body": "You can say:\n\n> しかも優しいよね\n\nHere, しかも means \"in addition\" and the subject (彼は) is omitted.\n\n* * *\n\nYour attempts are not correct, though.\n\n彼も優しいよね means \"He, too, is a kind person.\" that is, someone is kind and also\nhe is kind.\n\n優しいのも or 優しくても doesn't make sense as a standalone sentence.\n\n* * *\n\nIf you want to use も after adjectives or verbs, turn them into 連用形 as like\n優しくも. You need an additional verb ある or する then. For example:\n\n> 彼は優しくもある。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T12:24:05.370",
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| 40959 | 40960 | 40960 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm playing a game at the moment and have come across a phrase that I can't\nseem to wrap my head around.\n\n> ってなんでまたここにいるの！？\n>\n> こないだのレースの祝賀会をバイトの仲間が開催してくれたんだよ。\n>\n> **無駄に** 仲間思いの人たちがいたものね。\n\nI don't understand what the function of 無駄に is here. I understand the\ndictionary meaning (being a waste) and know it can refer to a negative in\ncontrast to a positive such as in 無駄にかっこいい (good-looking but is shy or\nsomething else negative, so it's a waste), but don't see how having people he\nthinks of as friends is negative if they held him a party? What am I missing?\n\nIf I had to guess a translation, I would say:\n\n> Oh, so he has people he thinks of as friends, but that's a waste.\n\nObviously a terrible translation, so please help!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T14:07:36.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40961",
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"owner_user_id": "18699",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 無駄に that doesn't fit dictionary meaning",
"view_count": 414
} | [
{
"body": "This 無駄に can be seen as \"more than needed\", in somewhat negative sense.\n\nThe first point is that 仲間思いの means \"thoughtful of friends\" or \"who care about\nfriends\", but not \"think of as friends\".\n\nThe next is that 無駄に modifies 仲間思いの, thus 無駄に仲間思いの人たち is \"people doing\nwastefully good to you\". Note that it refers to バイトの仲間.\n\nSo, 無駄に仲間思いの人たちがいたものね。 would be something like:\n\n> So they are wastefully thoughtful of friends.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T18:24:33.913",
"id": "40966",
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{
"body": "The usage of 無駄に here is the same as the usage of 無駄にかっこいい。\n\nActually, the nuance of 無駄に in 無駄にかっこいい doesn't neccessarily mean negative,\nalthough it may have originated in that meaning.\n\nCorrect nuance I recognize for these 無駄に is `The characteristic is being more\nthan neccessary`. For 無駄にかっこいい, the translation (reflecting the nuance) would\nbe `It is cool. Way much cooler than it neccessarily has to be`.\n\nSo, the translation(not direct, but making it close to the intention) for\n無駄に仲間思い would be\n\n```\n\n They care about their friends, way much more than neccessary.\n \n```",
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| 40961 | null | 40966 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40973",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> ...が、このごろはジョバンニは **まるで** 毎日教室でもねむく、本を読むひまも読む本もないので、... \n> but these days Jobanni ?? was sleepy in the classroom everyday and had\n> neither books to read nor the free time to read them, so ...\n\nGrammar books tell me that まるで is used with a negative predicate or with\nstructures expressing similarity ( e.g. ようだ). This seems to be neither of\nthose.\n\nI also thought it might be \"in a circle\" e.g. an endless cycle of going to\nsleep in the classroom. I really have no idea.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T18:50:47.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40967",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of まるで in this sentence",
"view_count": 769
} | [
{
"body": "[まるで](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A7) - as if,\nseems like\n\n> Lately, it's as if Giovanni is always sleepy even in the classroom and has\n> no time to read nor books to read...\n\nSeems like whoever is saying this sentence is worried about Giovanni.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T19:11:03.950",
"id": "40968",
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{
"body": "The まるで here means 「すっかり」 「まったく」 \"totally\" \"entirely\".\n\nIt's definition #2 in\n[デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/210069/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A7/):\n\n> ２ （下に否定的な意味の語を伴って）まさしくその状態であるさま。すっかり。まったく。「まるでだめだ」「兄弟だがまるで違う」\n\nUsed with a negative phrase, it means \"(not) ~~ at all.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T23:59:53.893",
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{
"body": "まるで can also mean \"absolutely\", \"completely\". \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/edc/3000237601/meaning/m1u/%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A7/>",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 40967 | 40973 | 40973 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40974",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the sentence「訴訟も辞さない」in a book today and even though I am able\nto understand its meaning, I can't figure out the actual function of も in this\ncase.\n\nI looked into my grammar dictionary and the most satisfying definition I got\nwas \"も: a marker which indicates emphasis\", but I'm not convinced it's the\nright one.\n\nShould I just think it as a whole with 「辞さない」？ I know it's a phrase used to\nexpress one's willingness to do something, but is it used with any other\nparticle ?\n\nThank you for you answers in advance.\n\nAlso, I can provide context if needed.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T20:48:20.457",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "function of the particle も in 「~も辞さない」",
"view_count": 300
} | [
{
"body": "I think the も here is this:\n\n> 1⃣ 係助詞\n> 3-㋑動詞の連用形や動作性名詞に付き、打消しの語と呼応して、強い否定の意を表す。「思いもよらぬ話」「返事もしない」([デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/218351/meaning/m0u/))\n\nSo the も indicates emphasis, used with a negative phrase.\n\nI think this も is usually translated as \"even\":\n\n * 訴訟を辞さない wouldn't hesitate to file a lawsuit; willing to bring a lawsuit \n * 訴訟 **も** 辞さない wouldn't **even** hesitate to file a lawsuit; willing to bring **even** a lawsuit",
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"score": 9
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{
"body": "The best way to translate も is as \"even\".\n\nSome examples from the dictionary: \n3 〔さえ〕 \n猿も木から落ちる \nEven monkeys fall from trees occasionally.／Even an expert makes\nmistakes.／(Even) Homer sometimes nods.\n\n彼はありがとうも言わずにそれを取った \nHe took it without so much as saying thank you.\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/75042/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%82/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T02:34:55.257",
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| 40969 | 40974 | 40974 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40977",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I don't understand why ある is in this sentence:\n\n> 彼らは無事に、昨日 **ある** 島に上陸した。",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-17T22:06:11.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"syntax"
],
"title": "What is ある role here?",
"view_count": 401
} | [
{
"body": "ある in this sentence is not a verb meaning \" _to exist_ , _to be_ \", but a\nprenominal adjective to 島{しま} and means \" _certain_ , _some_ \"\n\n> [**ある** (或る)](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%88%96%E3%82%8B-428399)\n>\n> ［連体］《動詞「あり」の連体形から》はっきり名を挙げずに物事をさす語。また、漠然と物事をさしていう語。「或る所」「或る日」「或る人」",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-17T22:52:01.720",
"id": "40972",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "## There are 3 ways to express different meanings of ある with Kanji:\n\n> **在る** - compare with 在宅{ざいたく}\n\n * 「家に在る」 \n * \"(it) is in the house\"\n\n> **有る** - compare with 有権者{ゆうけんしゃ}\n\n * 「権利の有る者」 \n * \"(a) person with (the) right\" - _like the right to vote_\n\n> **或る** - compare with 某日{ぼうじつ}\n\n * 11月の或る日{ひ} - could also be expressed as,「11月某日」\n * \"a day in November\" - _not any day specifically, just **a** day in general_\n\n* * *\n\nSo the example in the OP could be written this way:\n\n> 彼らは無事に、昨日 **或{あ}る** 島に上陸した\n\n * They landed safely on **an** island yesterday - _not any specific island, just some island in general_",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T00:49:45.493",
"id": "40975",
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{
"body": "ある島: a certain island, some island\n\nExcerpt from\n[小学館プログレッシブ和英中辞典](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/2002/meaning/m0u/%E6%88%96%E3%82%8B/):\n\n> ある【或る】 a certain; one; some\n>\n> ある所に: at [in] a certain place \n> ある教授がそう言った: A certain professor said so. \n> ある日: one day \n> ある時: once \n> ある場合には: in some cases\n>\n> 私はそう思うが，ある者はそう思わない。 \n> I think so, but some people don't.\n>\n> ある程度目的を達した。 \n> They achieved their purpose 「to some degree [to a certain extent].\n>\n> ある意味ではそれは正しい。 \n> That is correct in a (certain) sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-18T02:27:31.323",
"id": "40977",
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"score": 5
}
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| 40971 | 40977 | 40972 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40978",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As I know, the verb can only be intransitive verb but when I found the\nfollowing sentence, I'm not sure if it can be both types.\n\nHomeメニューや内蔵ソフトで、機能やソフトの追加があるときに本体の更新を行うと、本体を最新の状態に **できます** 。\n\nWhat does it mean in this sentence? I guessed it would be 'to make the console\nto be in the latest version'.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T01:58:27.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40976",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-18T02:32:44.060",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Is the verb 「できる」also transitive verb?",
"view_count": 357
} | [
{
"body": "You can think of the できる as the potential form of する.\n\n> AをBにする -- make/keep A B; change/turn A to B \n> AをBにできる -- can make/keep A B; can change/turn A to B\n\nThe できる can be rephrased as することができる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T02:32:44.060",
"id": "40978",
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]
| 40976 | 40978 | 40978 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 先生から授業がないと聞いたんだけど...\n\nThere is no implication of contradiction yet けど is used. Please explain?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T06:42:47.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "けど/が at the end of sentence but doesn't indicate contradiction?",
"view_count": 87
} | []
| 40980 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was writing a composition in Japanese, and since I wanted to give reasons I\nwrote the following:\n\n僕は日本語の会話がまだできないし、友達は英語が上手 **し** 、日本語を少ししか練習しませんでした。\n\nHowever, I got corrected like this:\n\n僕は日本語の会話がまだできないし、友達は英語が上手 **なので** 、日本語を少ししか練習しませんでした。\n\nI don't understand why I can't use し or why it's better ので in this context.\nCan anyone explain me the reason?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T07:58:21.783",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "I got corrected 上手し for 上手なので, but why?",
"view_count": 725
} | [
{
"body": "> 友達は英語が上手 **し** 、\n\nI'm afraid 「[上手]{じょうず}し」/「[上手]{うま}し」 is incorrect.\n\nI think you could use ～し, ～ので, or ～から here. You could say like this, using the\nna-adjective [上手]{じょうず}な:\n\n> [上手]{じょうず} **だ** し、 \n> 上手なので、 \n> 上手だから、\n\nor, using the i-adjective [上手]{うま}い:\n\n> [上手]{うま} **い** し、 \n> 上手いので、 \n> 上手いから、\n\n「～し」 and 「～から」 would sound more casual than 「～ので」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T08:43:46.013",
"id": "40983",
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{
"body": "上手し is wrong. It must be 上手だし.\n\nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 396, na-adjectives\nand nouns must be followed by だし (or だったし if it is the past tense). \n\nExamples: \n先生だし (noun + だし) \n綺麗だし (na-adjective + だし)\n\nGrammatically that is the only mistake.\n\nYou teacher used ので probably just to make it clear that it implies a reason or\ncause. \nし, on the other hand, does not imply reason or cause, it is just an emphatic\n\"and\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T15:42:16.457",
"id": "40989",
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| 40981 | null | 40983 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40984",
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"body": "I have limited knowledge of Japanese but I tried to convey my thought by\nsaying this to a Japanese friend.\n\n> 君の猫のふかふか毛で顔をこすることが欲しい。\n\nIt seems incorrect. Could anyone point out what's wrong with the sentence or\ngive me some suggestion?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T08:11:17.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40982",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-18T08:16:23.243",
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"owner_user_id": "18706",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "How to say \"I want to rub my face on your cat's fluffy fur\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 4378
} | [
{
"body": "Use the auxiliary ～たい for \"I want to ~~\". For example:\n\n> * 擦{こす}りたい -- I want to rub\n> * 食{た}べたい -- I want to eat\n> * 言{い}いたい -- I want to say\n>\n\nSo I think your sentence could _literally_ translate to:\n\n> 君{きみ}の猫{ねこ}のふかふか **の** 毛{け}で顔{かお}を **こすりたい** 。\n\n(I personally would say something like...\n「XXさんの猫ちゃんのふかふか(orふわふわ)の毛に顔をモフモフしたい～^^」「～～毛に顔をうずめてモフモフした～い^^」)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-18T09:07:00.593",
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| 40982 | 40984 | 40984 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40988",
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"body": "I know ところ means place, but I can't get it here. Does ところ have another\nmeaning?\n\nある学生に会う **ところ** です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T14:14:53.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40987",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does ところ mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1674
} | [
{
"body": "ところ in this case does not mean \"place\", it means \"just about to\".\n\nある学生に会うところです。 \nI am about to meet a student.\n\nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 496: \nところ: Someone/something is in a state where he/it is just about to do\nsomething, is doing something, has done something, or has been doing\nsomething.\n\nExamples: \n春江は晩御飯を食べるところだ。 \nHarue is just about to eat her supper.\n\n春江は晩御飯を食べているところだ。 \nHarue is in the midst of eating her supper.\n\nThe dictionary also has some examples: \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/54376/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D/>\n\n2 〔ちょうどその時，場合〕 \n手紙を書くところだ \nI'm going to write a letter.\n\n皆そろったところで写真を撮りますよ \nWhen everyone gets here, we will take a picture.\n\nちょうど顔を洗っていたところへ電話が鳴った \nThe telephone rang just as [when] I was washing my face.\n\nもう少しで忘れるところだった \nI nearly forgot.\n\n笑っているどころではありません \nThis is no occasion for merriment.\n\n危ないところを助かった \nI had a narrow escape.\n\n今のところは健康です \nI'm quite well at the moment.\n\nこのところ暑い日が続いている \nWe have been having a spell of hot weather.\n\nよいところへ来た，上がりなさい \nYou've come at the right moment. Come in.\n\n今日のところは勘弁してやる \nI will forgive you just this once.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 40987 | 40988 | 40988 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40993",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am reading a Japanese text, but i wonder how to read these set and function\nformulas:\n\n> A∪B={x|x∈A または x∈B}\n>\n> P(X)={A|A⊂X}\n\nHow do you read these in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-18T17:39:42.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40992",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18718",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "How to read these algebraic formulas?",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "That's how I would read it.\n\n> A∪B={x|x∈A または x∈B} \n> AとBの和集合とはAまたはBにあるxからなる集合のことです。\n\n\n\n> P(X)={A|A⊂X} \n> ピ（・オブ）・エックスとはXの全ての部分集合からなる集合のことです。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T19:23:13.017",
"id": "40993",
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},
{
"body": "The following site shows how to pronounce some mathematical formulas: \n<http://izumi-math.jp/sanae/report/suusiki/suusiki.htm>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-19T03:38:38.267",
"id": "41006",
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| 40992 | 40993 | 40993 |
{
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"body": "I'm trying to understand when to use each それ[X] word, so i search on google\nand came out with this list:\n\n```\n\n それに: in addition, also (それも＝それに)\n そして: and,and then,and now\n それから: and then, after that\n それで: and, thereupon, because of that\n それでも - but, and yet, nevertheless, even so\n それでは; それじゃ - well then ... , in that situation... \n \n```\n\nThe last two I manage to pick up, it's quite a bit like でも and じゃ...but I'm\nhaving a problem to pick up the differences between the first four words.\n\nThanks for the help, Or",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-18T19:26:26.197",
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"id": "40994",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "how to understand the それ+X differences",
"view_count": 149
} | [
{
"body": "According to the following sources: \nA Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar (DBJG) \nA Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar (DIJG)\n\nそれに: a conjunction that introduces an additional item or element. (DIJG, pag\n427) \nそして: a coordinate conjunction that connects two sentences. (DBJG, pag 422) \nそれから: a conjunction that indicates (1) temporally contiguous actions or\nstates, or (2) a cumulative listing of objects, actions or states. (DBJG, page\n416) \nそれで：a conjunction to indicate that what is stated in the preceding sentence is\nthe reason or cause for what is stated in the following sentence. (DBJG, page\n413)\n\nSo each word has a slightly different meaning and usage, even though they may\nbe translated to English similarly. \nYou should study the usage of each word separately.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-19T03:15:10.470",
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| 40994 | 41005 | 41005 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40999",
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"body": "A friend wrote me: 余計 ありがと、 きにするようにして I know first part is \"Thank you so so\nmuch\" second part I understand the parts, but I can't put it together into a\ndecent meaning. きにする is to worry or care about something. ようにする is to try to\ndo something. I guess して is here not meant as an imperative, but because this\npart should be before the \"Thank you\" part (sentence order is wrong, due to\nlast part being added), but even then can't really figure it out. Something\nlike \"Thank you, that you try to care for me\"?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-18T19:39:59.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40995",
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"owner_user_id": "18720",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "what does きにするようにして mean?",
"view_count": 254
} | [
{
"body": "~して can be used as the connective form of a verb in addition to being an\nimperative, so you're correct about it coming before the \"Thank you\" part.\n\nHowever, ~ようにする can also mean \"making it a point to do~\".\n\nTo put it all together, I would translate 余計 ありがと、 きにするようにして as \"Thank you so\nmuch for taking the time to care about me.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-19T00:57:48.800",
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| 40995 | 40999 | 40999 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41003",
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"body": "The English edition of Wiktionary gives as Japanese translations of \"son\"\n\n> Japanese: 息子 (ja) (むすこ, musuko), 坊っちゃん (ぼっちゃん, botchan) (honorific), せがれ\n> (segare) (humble)\n\nThe entry on [息子](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%90#Japanese)\nmentions that it's used for your own son when talking to other people, and\nmentions as the polite forms 坊っちゃん (which has an entry in Wiktionary) and 息子さん\n(which doesn't).\n\nI got corrected when using 坊{ぼ}っちゃん online to use 息子さん instead. Also, doing a\ngoogle image search for 坊っちゃん got a lot of anime hits, whereas doing an image\nsearch for 息子さん got lots of ordinary images of people's sons.\n\nIs 坊{ぼ}っちゃん a normal word for someone else's son?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-18T23:21:29.260",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Is 坊っちゃん a normal word for someone else's son?",
"view_count": 813
} | [
{
"body": "According to the dictionary the first meaning of 坊ちゃん is, as you say, an\nhonorific for \"son\", and that is probably the original meaning of the word: \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/70530/meaning/m0u/%E5%9D%8A%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%93/>\n\nBut there is also a second meaning, probably that appeared later: \"greenhorn\",\nor possibly \"spoiled child\", someone who has lived a rich life and knows\nnothing about the real world. \nThis second meaning has a negative connotation.\n\nAlso 坊ちゃん is the name of a famous novel written by Sōseki Natsume. \n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botchan>\n\nSo when you say 坊ちゃん most people will probably think of the novel, instead of\nthe original meaning of the word.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-19T02:50:43.180",
"id": "41003",
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| 40996 | 41003 | 41003 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41002",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I want to say \"My cat is snoring!\" I found the verb to snore is 「いびき」and\nJisho.org says it's a [\"godan verb with ku\nending\"](http://jisho.org/word/%E9%BC%BE%E3%82%92%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8F). I\nhaven't learned what that means, so I tried the -ku conjugations from\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation#Summary_of_verb_conjugations),\nbut nothing lead to \"is snoring,\" at least according to Google Translate. The\nclosest I got was 「うちの猫はいびきいた」, \"my cat was snoring.\"\n\nWhat am I missing?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T00:28:00.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40997",
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"owner_user_id": "9841",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "My cat is snoring!",
"view_count": 432
} | [
{
"body": "The entry mentions 「鼾｛いびき｝をかく」. The verb you need to conjugate is かく. いびき\nitself is a noun.\n\n> My cat is snoring! \n> = うちの猫が*いびきを **かいている** ！ \n> *Use が, not は.\n\nTo sound casual and colloquial, you could say:\n\n> うちの猫、いびきかいてる！\n\nleaving out the particles が and を.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-19T00:36:59.807",
"id": "40998",
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"body": "According to the dictionary, いびき is a noun: \nいびき【鼾】snoring \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/4267/meaning/m0u/%E9%BC%BE/>\n\nThere is no such a verb as いびく. \nIn order to make it into a verb, you have to say 鼾をかく. \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/edc/16000261601/meaning/m0u/%E9%BC%BE%E3%82%92%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8F/>\n\nSo it becomes \nうちの猫はいびきをかいている。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-19T02:34:13.370",
"id": "41002",
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{
"body": "The verb _ibiku_ used to be a regularly conjugating verb that had the same\npattern as 引{ひ}く, apparently derived as a compound of 息{い} (more commonly\n_iki_ ) + 引{ひ}く. My big copy of Shogakukan's 国語{こくご}大{だい}辞典{じてん} lists this as\na 四段{よだん}活用{かつよう}動詞{どうし}, the predecessor to modern 五段{ごだん}活用{かつよう}動詞{どうし}.\nThis generally refers to verbs that fell out of common use before the modern\nera. In this case, _ibiku_ is not used any more, but the stem and noun form\n_ibiki_ persists. As other posters have noted, this noun requires the verb\n_kaku_ (roughly, \"to scratch out [a snore]\"), or (less commonly) _tateru_ (\"to\nput up [a snore]\"). In a pinch, you could say _ibiki o suru_ and people would\nunderstand what you mean.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T04:26:17.040",
"id": "41066",
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| 40997 | 41002 | 40998 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zkwWc.jpg)\n\nI'm unable to identify the last character in this picture, OCR software\nidentify only the first 2.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T01:59:21.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41000",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-27T17:17:12.207",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-27T17:17:12.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "18724",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"kana"
],
"title": "I'm unable to identify the last character in this picture",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "The last character in that picture is ぞ (ZO).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T02:05:00.723",
"id": "41001",
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| 41000 | null | 41001 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41027",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Japanese, what's the most common way of describing weed (aka cannabis)?\n\nApparently you can use 葉っぱ, but I'm just wondering what your average stoner\nwould use to describe there favourite 'activity'.\n\nIs 葉っぱ a good pick? Or is something else used? Like some katakana word?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T03:07:56.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41004",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-19T16:37:22.290",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-19T06:39:18.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What's the most common way of describing weed?",
"view_count": 14935
} | [
{
"body": "Cannabis is [大麻{たいま}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%BB) in\nJapanese and the most common way to refer to smoking weed is probably a\nshortened form: 麻{ま}を吸う{すう}.\n\nAs for katakana, マリフアナ or カンナビス are rarely used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T06:36:54.060",
"id": "41008",
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},
{
"body": "大麻 is the most formal and common word which can safely be used in news\narticles, for example. マリファナ is also common and people can instantly\nunderstand it's a kind of narcotic drug.\n\nAs an argot, yes I have definitely heard 葉っぱ (lit. \"leaf\") and 草 (lit.\n\"grass\") to refer to this. With a verb, 葉っぱを吸う and 草を吸う. But I don't know\nwhether or not this is the most common phrase among those who are addicted to\nit. Ordinary people can perhaps correctly guess the meaning if there is enough\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-19T16:37:22.290",
"id": "41027",
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"score": 2
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]
| 41004 | 41027 | 41027 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41025",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My (Japanese) friend gave me a suggested translation of this sentence:\n\n> 普段ワインはなかなか飲まないのだけど、いろんな味、風味、渋味甘味が感じられて良き体験でした。\n>\n> By no means do I usually drink wine but, it was a good experience _because_\n> I drank various flavours, sweet/bitter flavours.\n\nHe told me he thought て was acting as なので. Is this the case?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T03:56:35.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41007",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-19T17:06:31.027",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11470",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"て-form",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "て used as \"because\"?",
"view_count": 1117
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, te-form can often denote a reason or a cause, but it's not as explicit as\n～なので or _because_ in English. Most of the time, \"AてB\" is more naturally\ntranslated as \"A, and B\", \"A, so B\" rather than \"Because A, B\".\n\nSee this article: [te-form (て-form) for Cause or Reason](http://www.learn-\njapanese-adventure.com/te-form-cause-reason.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-19T16:22:39.900",
"id": "41025",
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| 41007 | 41025 | 41025 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41010",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Without further context, what would be the best way to interpret this\nsentence? \n内緒で買ってこなくちゃ ...\n\n• 内緒 is secret \n• 買ってこなくちゃ means must buy \nI know there are another meaning for 買う such as to value/to provoke. But I'm\nquite clueless. Is this a kind of idiom/metaphor ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T06:46:27.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41009",
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"owner_user_id": "13611",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "how to interpret 内緒で買ってこなくちゃ",
"view_count": 47
} | [
{
"body": "> I have to buy it in secret...!\n\nPerhaps the speaker is talking to someone about a christmas present or\nbirthday present. Or they need to buy something in secret so that the other\nparty doesn't know they are buying it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T07:25:09.453",
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| 41009 | 41010 | 41010 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41023",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I just talked with a Japanese speaker, and in ending the conversation I used\n\"Konbanwa\" - as in good night. I was just wondering if that was appropriate\nfor ending a conversation as saying \"good night\" would be in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T07:30:54.053",
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"id": "41011",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is it appropriate to say \"Konbanwa\" when ending a conversation?",
"view_count": 9998
} | [
{
"body": "It would be awkward as Konbanwa is used when you make first contact with\nsomeone, not when ending a conversation.\n\nIn Japanese, when you first greet/visit someone you usually use the following\nthree phrases depending on the time of day:\n\n```\n\n Morning -> Ohayo gozaimasu\n Afternoon -> Konnichiwa\n Evening/Night -> Konbanwa\n \n```\n\nJust note that they are **only** used when you first greet/visit someone,\nwhich means they are not exactly the same as \"Good morning/afternoon/night\n(evening), as you can say those phrases when meeting and parting.\n\nWhen parting, there are various sayings depending on the situation:\n\n```\n\n Sayonara -> A bit formal. Usually used when you won't see someone for a while\n Mata-ne -> Less formal, probably someone you see often\n Ja-ne -> Casual, used with friends\n Bai-bai -> Not used by adult males. Usually small children or young girls used this.\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-19T08:18:43.650",
"id": "41012",
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{
"body": "No, it isn't.\n\n`今晩は{こんばんは}` is only used as a greeting when meeting someone, as the first\nthing you'd say. Although it literally means `This evening`, it's not the\nequivalent of `Good night` but rather of `Hello` / `Hi`.\n\nTo wish someone a good night you'd usually use `お休みなさい{おやすみなさい}` which\nliterally is an invitation to rest, so closer to saying `Have a good night` in\nEnglish. Note though, that this is more used before going to sleep.\n\nWhen parting with someone, `また` appended with the next time you plan to see\nthem again (e.g. `また[明日]{あした}` for `See you tomorrow` or `また[来週]{らいしゅう}` for\n`See you next week`) or casually just `またね` is simple and appropriate in an\ninformal setting. In a more formal setting, `[失礼]{しつれい}します` or any of its\nvariation is a great and polite way to say goodbye. These can be used any time\nof the day (or night for that matter).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T16:13:34.337",
"id": "41023",
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{
"body": "I think it's not, when chatting/texting with my japanese friend. I always use\n`こんばんは` when I text her first (at night) to start the conversation and we\nusually end it by saying `おやすみ` (at night that near sleep time)。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T01:11:34.967",
"id": "41035",
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]
| 41011 | 41023 | 41012 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Hello I have been on google translate this morning and realised that if I\ntranslate two words first without capital letters and then with capital\nletters at the beginning of each word like you would a name, the Japanese\ntranslation changes significantly, so is there a correct or incorrect\ntranslation, does the Japanese language use capital letters? can someone\nplease explain the difference in the translations below. Also I understand\nthat there are different japanese scripts, if possible could someone please\nshow me what the correct translation for Kaido Works looks like in those\ndifferent scripts. Thank You, K\n\nkaido works カイドー作品 Kaidō sakuhin ------ Kaido Works カイドーワークス Kaidōwākusu",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T09:39:34.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41013",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-24T22:20:25.207",
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"owner_user_id": "18731",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Capital Letters translating from english to japanese, help?",
"view_count": 866
} | [
{
"body": "There is no concept of capital letters in Japanese. I think when google sees a\ncapital letter is is probably treating it as a proper noun.\n\nカイドーワークス is in the katakana script and it is a direct rendering (at least as\ndirect as possible) of the English pronunciation.\n\n作品 is kanji. It means 'work' as in the work of a film director, author.\n\nI have no idea what 'Kaido Works' is. There isn't a unique 'correct' Japanese\nphrase that would yield this English transliteration. Google Translate will\ncertainly not help you with this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T10:07:28.120",
"id": "41014",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-24T22:20:25.207",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-24T22:20:25.207",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
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},
{
"body": "Japanese language does not have capital letters like what you have in English.\n\nGoogle expects you obey the standard English formatting. If you capitalize\neach word in English, the machine generally tries to translate it as a proper\nnoun (in this case, a company name). If you don't capitalize, it tries to\nunderstand the phrase as a normal noun phrase. カイドー作品 is a normal noun phrase\nthat means \"works created by Kaido\", while カイドーワークス looks like a valid company\nname. I don't know what you really mean by \"Kaido Works\", so I don't know\nwhich is the better translation, either.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T10:07:49.677",
"id": "41015",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-19T16:16:46.317",
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}
]
| 41013 | null | 41015 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41017",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Yamada has just collected a lot of insects and is asked:\n\n> 「それどうする気?」\n\nI'm guessing this is a set phrase along the lines of \"What were you\nthinking?\". I can't get any sense out of a literal translation.\n\nI keep seeing this pairing of どう and する in things I can't translate literally\ne.g. どうしたの \"what's the matter?\". Is there some kind of rule I can apply that\nwill help me understand these phrases?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T10:41:01.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41016",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-19T15:59:21.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Meaning of それどうする気",
"view_count": 399
} | [
{
"body": "それどうする気 means それをどうするつもり and it is translated as \"What are you going to do\nwith it?\". And どうする? is translated as \"What would you do?\".\n\nA verb + 気 means \"intention to verb\". For example, 彼にそのことを話すきなの?(Are you going\nto tell him that thing?).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T11:09:03.693",
"id": "41017",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-19T11:14:29.440",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "する is a verb meaning \"to do\". \nどう means \"how\". \n気 in this case means \"intention\".\n\nSo どうする気? means \"what do you intend to do?\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T15:59:21.390",
"id": "41022",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-19T15:59:21.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41016",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 41016 | 41017 | 41017 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41021",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "some things are not clear to me in the following sentence\n\n```\n\n あなたに、私の両親に会ってもらいたいんですが。\n \n```\n\nIt's translate to \"I would like you to meet my parents\", but as far as i know\nthe word `あなた` mean you. So its not suppose to be \"You want to meet my\nparents?\"\n\nAlso, I don't understand the purpose of the word `もらい`. From what I found out:\n\n```\n\n もらい － to get somebody to do something (follows a verb in \"te\" form)\n \n```\n\nbut it's to vague, I don't have any idea what does it even mean.\n\nThanks a lot, Or",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T14:21:10.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41018",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-19T15:50:22.657",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-19T15:43:01.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "11679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Please help me understand this sentence: あなたに、私の両親に会ってもらいたいんですが。",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "もらう is to get something. it can be a thing or an action. if it is an action,\nthe verb describing the action is in て-form, so in this case 私の両親に会って = to\nmeet my parents.\n\nthe person you get something from is marked with に so in this case あなた = you.\n\nもらう is in たい-from, which means I want to. んですが is typical ending for a wish,\nwhere you want it to sound more soft. like when you make a wish and want to\nknow how the other person thinks about it, but don't want to ask too directly.\n\nso: I would like you to meet my parents... (would you be okay with that?)\n\n\"would you be okay with that?\" is not written there, only implied by the\nending.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T15:02:57.867",
"id": "41020",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "もらう means \"receive\" and it is a verb whose subject must be the first person\n(or someone the speaker empathizes with).\n\nExample: \n私は貴方に本をもらう。Watashi wa anata ni hon o morau. \nI receive a book from you.\n\nThe giver is indicated with に. In the example above it is 貴方に (from you).\n\nもらう is used not only to \"receive\" objects, but also to \"receive\" actions.\n\n私は貴方に読んでもらう。Watashi wa anata ni yonde morau. \nLiterally: I receive from you the action of reading. \nIn natural English: You read for me.\n\nEvery time someone does something for you, you can use the structure\nVerb+て+もらう. \nThe giver must be marked with に。\n\nSo a literal translation is: \n私は あなたに、私の両親に会ってもらいたい \nI want to receive from you the action of meeting my parents.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T15:50:22.657",
"id": "41021",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41018 | 41021 | 41020 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41062",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let's say I went to the doctor in the morning, greeting the venerable\nprofessional with a sincere \"こんにちは\", and that I left him after he healed my\nterrible headache.\n\nNow let's say that during the same morning my friend had an accident involving\nhammers and nails, and requiring me to bring them to that same doctor.\n\nWould it be acceptable to greet my trusted health provider with a \"こんにちは\"\nagain, or would it sound weird? What, if not \"こんにちは\", could I say instead?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T16:20:34.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41024",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-23T03:56:00.657",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-21T07:16:26.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1319",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"usage",
"politeness",
"greetings"
],
"title": "Greeting when meeting somebody a second time in the day?",
"view_count": 852
} | [
{
"body": "If I were in that situation, I wouldn't repeat こんにちは but instead say...\n\n> * どうも。\n> * 先ほどはどうも。\n> * 先ほどは（どうも）ありがとうございました。\n> * 何度もお世話になります。\n> * （また）お世話になります。\n>\n\netc...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-21T00:01:06.860",
"id": "41062",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-23T03:56:00.657",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-23T03:56:00.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "41024",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41024 | 41062 | 41062 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41222",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 晩ご飯が作ってある \n> Dinner has been made. (intentional)\n>\n> 晩ご飯を作っておいた. \n> (I) made dinner (so I can eat it).\n\nThey seem quite the same. Btw what are some cases in which -てあった are used? I\ncan't recreate one.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T16:42:47.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41028",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "How ~てある and ~ておいた differs?",
"view_count": 2525
} | [
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page76: \n\n> ある: Something has been done to something, and the resultant state of that\n> action remains.\n>\n> Examples: \n> それはもうジョンに話してある。 \n> It has been told to John already.\n>\n> 飲み物はもう買ってあります。 \n> Drinks have already been bought.\n>\n> 窓が開けてある。 \n> The window is open.\n>\n> おく: do something in advance for future convenience.\n>\n> Examples: \n> 話しておく: talk in advance. \n> 食べておく: eat something in advance.\n\nVerbて+ある: represents a state. \nVerbて+おく: represents an action.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T15:25:25.070",
"id": "41050",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T22:52:51.840",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-25T22:52:51.840",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "* ～ておく is used for doing something in advance, so one doesn't have to do it later\n\n * ～てある simply describes the state of something already having been done\n\n> 1. 晩ご飯が作ってある。 \n> Dinner is ready.\n>\n> 2. 晩ご飯を作っておいた。 \n> I already prepared dinner (in advance) [so that we wouldn't have to make\n> dinner now].\n>\n>\n\nThe difference in meaning is I think the emphasis of ～ておく on the fact that\nsomething was done as a preliminary measure / pre-emptively / in advance.\n\nThere is also an important difference in grammar: In the first sentence 晩ご飯 is\nthe _subject_ ; in the second sentence 晩ご飯 is the _object_ and the subject is\nmissing (and only implied by the context).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T23:29:26.590",
"id": "41202",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T23:29:26.590",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "41028",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> 1)「晩{ばん}ご飯{はん}が作{つく} **ってある** 。」\n>\n> Dinner has been made ( **and it is still there untouched**.)\n>\n> 2)「晩ご飯を作っ **ておいた**.」\n>\n> Someone made dinner some time ago ( **so that I/someone could eat it later\n> on** ).\n\nThe difference in meaning between the two sentences would depend heavily on\nthe current situation of the meal that one made.\n\nSentence #1, even without any further context, would always mean that the meal\n(or at least the speaker's portion) is still there uneaten and available as\nthe speaker utters the sentence. This is because of the use of 「～～ってある」. \" _\n**Dinner was made and it is still there**_.\" The temporal point of reference\nis **NOW**.\n\nSentence #2 without any further context, however, leaves one unsure of what\nhas happened to the dinner that was made. Someone may already have eaten it or\nit may still be there untouched. The temporal point of reference is in the\n**PAST**.\n\nThus, the two sentences would describe practically the same situation only on\nthe condition that the dinner in question is still there.\n\nMoving on to 「～～てあった」...\n\n> 「晩ご飯が作って **あった** 。」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"Dinner _**had**_ been made.\" (You found that situation some time ago.)\n\nThe temporal point of reference is in the past. For instance, you could say\n\"When I got home from school yesterday, dinner had already been made.\" The\nmeal was there ready to eat. Once again, the sentence says nothing about\nwhether or not you actually ate it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-26T07:36:07.067",
"id": "41222",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-06T00:04:07.500",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41028",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 41028 | 41222 | 41222 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41041",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I think it is safe to assume the speaker is also not the most organised person\nin this sentence:\n\n> 「あなた、もう少し計画的に行動した方がいいよ。わたし **も** 他人のこと **は** 言えないけどさ」 \n> You should behave a little more systematically. I ? can't say this of other\n> people but...\n\nThe whole of the second sentence is confusing me a little. Is the highlighted\nは an emphatic replacement of を?\n\nWhat is the function of も here? It doesn't seem to work as either 'also' or\n'even' to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T18:13:50.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41030",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-22T13:45:45.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Meaning of も and は in this sentence",
"view_count": 202
} | [
{
"body": "Here's how I parse the sentence you've got:\n\n> あなた、もう少し計画的に行動した方がいいよ。\n\nFor the first half, I think your translation is decent.\n\nBut to do it slightly more literally: = It would be better if your actions\nwere more planned.\n\nしたほうがいい → \"It would better if\" / there are other constructions that express\n\"should\" more directly.\n\n計画的 → you've translated this as systematically, but I think in context it\nmakes sense to more directly express \"plans\"\n\n> わたしも他人のことは言えないけどさ」\n\nFor the second sentence, I think the basic sentiment is all ぼかし表現 (things to\nsoften the previous sentence).\n\nGoing through it piece by piece,\n\n * 私も - I think here the も is because the previous sentence is criticism of the other person, so here the speaker is indicating that they also have will criticize their own self.\n * 他人のこと - I don't think this is \"other people\" but rather \"other people's stuff\" / \"other people's matters\" / \"other people's junk\"\n * は言えない - I think the reason why there's a は here is that the preceding part of the sentence is the sort of thing that the subject feels is a character flaw they should improve on. While literally \"I can't really talk\", I think the sense is \"I shouldn't really talk\" or \"it's not my place to talk about \"\n * けどさ - I think this けどさ is not a real attempt at conjunction, it's an attempt to soften the sentence\n\nSo I put the second half together as \"But I am not really someone to talk\nabout other people's issues.\" (the wording might be too American -- the point\nbeing \"I've got issues too -- like talking about other people -- so I'm going\nto shut up now\").\n\nOr at least that's my sense. If I'm wrong I hope to learn how to do better by\ngetting comments or corrections.\n\n# tl;dr\n\nI think the も is to say sentence 1 criticizes あなた and sentence 2 is\ncriticizing 自分\n\nI think the は marks off what the problem is with the speaker (talking about\nother people's issues) rather than being something where it would make much\nsense to view it as a substitute for を or が.\n\nBut I take the entire point of the second sentence to be: I just said\nsomething sharply critical about you, so now I'm going to try to soften that\nwith a \"we all have problems and here's one of mine.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T02:57:29.443",
"id": "41041",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-22T08:03:12.823",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "41030",
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},
{
"body": "What about this: \nあなた、もう少し計画的に行動した方がいいよ。わたしもけどさ。 \nYou should behave a little more systematically. And so should I though.\n\nHe is criticizing someone for being sloppy, when he himself is sloppy. \nThat is why he says 他人のことは言えない. \nHe can't really say this about other people when he himself is sloppy.\n\nSo も here means \"also\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-22T05:33:15.163",
"id": "41089",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-22T06:00:23.573",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-22T06:00:23.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> わたし **も** 他人のことは言えないけど _さ_\n\nTo me it feels like:\n\n\"I'm no one to point other people's shortcomings **either** , _you know_?\nbut...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-22T13:45:45.440",
"id": "41094",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-22T13:45:45.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7823",
"parent_id": "41030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 41030 | 41041 | 41041 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They both convey the meaning of \"meal\" or \"food\", but I don't know which one I\nshould use. Which ones would be used most of the time for everyday-\nconversations? Would these two sentences mean the same?\n\n> [食物を食べる]{しょくもつをたべる}\n>\n> [食べ物を食べる]{たべものをたべる}\n\nThanks for the answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T19:25:20.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41031",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T15:09:08.910",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14641",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"food",
"conversations"
],
"title": "What's the difference between shokumotsu (食物) and tabemono (食べ物),",
"view_count": 6886
} | [
{
"body": "For everyday conversations use たべもの。 \nしょくもつ is more formal and not used in casual situations, unless it is part of\nan expression like 食物繊維.\n\nAs a general rule, 音読み words are more used in formal, written language, while\n訓読み words are more used in informal, spoken language.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T02:27:24.100",
"id": "41040",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T15:09:08.910",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-20T15:09:08.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "18157",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41031",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41031 | 41040 | 41040 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41039",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been trying to find the right way to translate \"mixing speech styles\".\nSo far my internet searches have not yielded any results.\n\nAn example to show what I want to communicate: \"I often tend to mix informal\nand formal speech\".\n\nIf anybody can help me out, I will be very grateful! Thank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T21:27:58.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41032",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T02:21:14.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14037",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"mix speech styles\"?",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "じょうたい【常体】 Plain. Informal. \nけいたい【敬体】 Polite. Formal. \nぶんたい【文体】 style\n\n文体を混ぜる。 \n常体と敬体を混ぜる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T02:21:14.497",
"id": "41039",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T02:21:14.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41032",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41032 | 41039 | 41039 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41036",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am trying to dissect a sentence from a manga page. I am a beginner in all\naspects of Japanese, though grammar is my weakest point.\n\n**逃げ出した 先に** 楽園 なんて ありゃ しねえ のさ\n\nThe licensed English translation of this page says \"There's no paradise for\nyou to escape to\". I am having trouble getting to a meaning like this on my\nown.\n\nGoogle translate is giving me \"There is no paradise on the way I ran away.\"\n\nThe non bolded part I think I am okay with, it reads to me like \"(something)\nsuch as paradise doesn't exist\".\n\nThe bold part I am having trouble with. 逃げ出した looks like past tense to me (ran\naway) and 先に (previously) being there would make sense with a past tense verb.\nThis doesn't really make a lot of sense to me in the context of the scene\nthough. The girl wants him to take her away from a bad place/situation and he\nis showing her that coming with him will be even worse for her, as he is fated\nto be surrounded by death and fight for his life. I don't see why he would be\ntalking in the past tense. I am probably making an obvious mistake here, but\nGoogle translate seems to going down the same path I am.\n\nObviously an online translation tool won't work 100%, and I know that\nliberties may often be taken in even licensed translations, but the licensed\ntranslation really is the only one that makes sense here, so if anyone could\nhelp me connect the dots to how to get there, that would be great.\n\nThis is the original source, in case I have misrepresented it somehow.\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8CMKD.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-19T23:01:04.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41033",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-22T05:04:41.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18739",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"manga",
"tense"
],
"title": "Meaning of 逃げ出した 先に in this sentence",
"view_count": 1410
} | [
{
"body": "I believe the girl in the picture ran away from home?\n\n逃げ出した先に\n\nliterally here means \"the place you ran away to\", `先に` **can** mean previously\nin certain situations, but in this situation it means something completely\ndifferent.\n\nIf you look up [先](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/86612/meaning/m0u/) in a\ndictionary it corresponds to the following:\n\n> 7. 行き着く所。目的の場所。(The place you arrive. Destination.)\n>\n\nAlso, I think he is saying this to her because he wants her to take on her\nchallenges face on rather than running away.\n\nHere is another example of the above usage:\n\n> しかしいろいろな困難を乗り越えてたどり着く **先に** は本当の幸せがあります\n\nI will leave the meaning of the above as a challenge for the reader.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T01:16:13.957",
"id": "41036",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T01:21:18.360",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-20T01:21:18.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "1217",
"owner_user_id": "1217",
"parent_id": "41033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I am not 100% sure but I think the past tense here is to indicate a\ncounterfactual condition.\n\nIt is similar to English: \nIf you ran away, you would find no paradise, no matter where you go.\n\n\"If you ran away\" is in the past tense because it is a counterfactual\ncondition. \nSo it is impossible to run away, even if you could, you would have nowhere to\ngo.\n\nIf you say it in the present tense 逃げ出す先に, it means that running away is\npossible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-22T05:04:41.137",
"id": "41088",
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}
]
| 41033 | 41036 | 41036 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41048",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On lang-8 I read a message from a Japanese speaker who said that 「今日は」isn't\nused among family/friends, but mainly for strangers.\n\nTo this end I need ask, what is a common way to say \"Hello\" to family/friends,\nor at least the Japanese equivalent if they have a different custom in this\nregard.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T00:16:46.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41034",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T15:05:17.620",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-20T00:56:11.297",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"culture"
],
"title": "Saying \"Hello\" to family members?",
"view_count": 657
} | [
{
"body": "In the site below a native Japanese student admits he doesn't greet his family\nor friends. \n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1465002114>\n\nBut that is not considered good manners. As an adult you are supposed to greet\npromptly and correctly. \nA child may get away with it, but not an adult.\n\nこんにちは is the proper way to greet people. \nI don't think there is a good substitute for it. \nAny possible substitute will be probably a slang or dialect, which by\ndefinition is used by a small group of people and may not be appropriate for\ncertain situations.\n\nIf it is a close friend you could maybe say something like \"元気?\" \nI had a co-worker who used to greet people with \"おっす\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T15:05:17.620",
"id": "41048",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "41034",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41034 | 41048 | 41048 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41038",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence in a manga and its meaning is rather obscure to\nme:\n\n> 成すべきことを成す。\n\nI tried to translate it as:\n\n> To do what has to be done.\n\nMoreover, it would be great to know if this sentence is a common idiom or just\na normal sentence that anybody could spontaneously come up with.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T01:33:19.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41037",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T08:23:41.270",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-20T08:23:41.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18641",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Meaning of the sentence : 「成すべきことを成す」",
"view_count": 137
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation is correct.\n\nThe sentence is not an idiom because the meaning is exactly what it says. An\nidiom is when the meaning of the expression is different from the meaning of\nthe individual words.\n\nIt seems to be quite common. I searched the net and Google gives me 6,220\nresults.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T02:06:56.220",
"id": "41038",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T02:06:56.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41037",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41037 | 41038 | 41038 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41049",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When I was writing a composition in Japanese I wrote this sentence:\n\n東京メトロでは、日本人は僕がとても重い鞄を三つ **持っていた** ことに気が付きましたから、荷物を持つのを手伝ってくれました\n\nWhat I wanted to say is: In the metro, since Japanese people realized **I was\ncarrying** 3 bags which were very heavy, they helped me to carry the baggage\n\nI got corrected the **持っていた** I wrote for **持っている** but what I wanted to say\nis \"I was carrying\", that is, in the past. Why is it used in Japanese the\npresent tense? Is there a rule or something? I got confused because of that\nand now I don't know when to use the present or the past in these kind of\nconstructions in Japanese, even when in English we use the past tense.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T11:35:28.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41043",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T22:54:06.110",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-20T18:00:10.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "14270",
"owner_user_id": "14270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"tense",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "持っていること vs 持っていたこと",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think your sentence is wrong. You can use the past tense if you want.\n\nI am not sure if it applies to your case or not, but I have found the\nfollowing. \nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar\", page 37:\n\n> \"....tense switching is a strategy available to the writer to differentiate\n> a stage and a set of chronological events that occur within that stage. The\n> stage is certainly important in that it defines a space in which a drama\n> develops, but it is less important than the drama itself.\n>\n> So important, dramatic information is described in the past tense, whereas\n> relatively unimportant circumstantial information is described in the\n> nonpast tense.\n>\n> The use of such a nonpast tenses has an effect of creating a vivid sense of\n> immediateness for the reader. \n> .... \n> A part of a past event (often a state rather than an action) can be\n> described using the nonpast tense, if the writer perceives it to be\n> relatively unimportant circumstantial information that has no direct bearing\n> upon the major story line.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T14:39:34.927",
"id": "41046",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T22:54:06.110",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41043",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "The problem here is time agreement. I first left a comment because I don't\nfeel very much confident at explaining it.\n\nFirst, with ていた\n\n> AはBがCを持っていたことに気づいた。 \n> A realized that B had been holding C.\n\nSecond, with ている\n\n> AはBがCを持っていることに気づいた。 \n> A realized that B was holding C.\n\nHow so? The depend clause is subordinated to the tense of the main clause.\nThat does mean that if the tense of the main clause is past and the depend\nclause is \"present\" then the action expressed by depend clause is at the same\ntime as the main clause. However, if the main and depend clauses end with past\ntense then the past of the depend clause is older than the one of the main\nclause.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T15:16:43.303",
"id": "41049",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T15:16:43.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "41043",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41043 | 41049 | 41049 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm referring to the following sentence, where I've placed the topic in\nbrackets:\n\n> （お婆は）溺愛する一人息子の又八が唆されて村を出たと思い込み、武蔵を激しく憎み命を奪うために旅を続ける。\n\nI'm unsure as to who's actually doing the 溺愛： お婆は息子を溺愛する？それとも息子はお婆を溺愛する？\n\nFurthermore, would it make any difference as a past tense?\n\n> 溺愛 **した** 一人息子の又八が…",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T14:36:16.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41045",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-04T02:29:37.270",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-04T02:29:37.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "14630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses",
"ambiguous-relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Who's going what in 「溺愛する一人息子」",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese relative clauses can be ambiguous and both interpretations are\npossible. \nFrom the context I would say it is お婆は息子を溺愛する, because she loves the son so\nmuch, she is willing to make sacrifices for him and go out in a travel of\nrevenge.\n\n溺愛した一人息子 seems strange because then she used to love him, but doesn't love him\nany more?... \nPutting the sentence in the present makes it clear that she still loves him.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-21T16:57:18.853",
"id": "41074",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-21T16:57:18.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41045",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41045 | null | 41074 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41052",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this one on twitter and wanted to ask about particles and the なれました.\nIt was posted shortly after a concert.\n\n> 福岡、楽しかったし、皆との距離が近いから表情も良く見えたし、いい感じに熱くなれました。ありがとう、福岡。\n\nI only learned some basic grammar and it's been a while since I really used my\nJapanese. I think I understand roughly what is said here, but I can't get my\nhead around the particles and for some time I try not just to understand but\nalso to translate. So this is how far my boyfriend and I have come to\ntranslate this.\n\n> Fukuoka, it was enjoyable (し), as (から) the distance to everyone there\n> (みんあとの?) was short your facial expressions were seen well (し), this pleasant\n> feeling made it warm. (なれました?) Thanks Fukuoka.\n\nDoes this translation cover everything in this sentence or am I missing\nsomething?\n\nMy questions would be:\n\n * What's the し doing? We thought it might be just a numeration particle? \n\n * Why are there two particles after another in との and what does it do? Has it anything to do with the し? \n\n * And I'm really not sure about the last part with the なれました. I don't know how to translate this. It might be a typing error but I don't know...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T14:58:20.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41047",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T15:47:39.510",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-20T15:03:58.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18745",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particles"
],
"title": "Twitter post.Particles し、との、なれました",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "1. What's the し doing? We thought it might be just a numeration particle? \nし is a conjunction to indicate \"and\" in an emphatic way.\n\n 2. Why are there two particles after another in との and what does it do? Has it anything to do with the し? \nの by itself means \"of\". But it can preceded by other particles to make the\nrelationship clearer. \nExamples: \n皆の距離: the distance of everybody \n皆との距離: the distance from everybody \n友達の手紙: a letter of a friend \n友達からの手紙: a letter from a friend \n友達への手紙: a letter to a friend.\n\n 3. And I'm really not sure about the last part with the なれました. I don't know how to translate this. It might be a typing error but I don't know... \nなれました is the potential form of the verb なる (to become). \nSo 熱くなれました literally means \"it was possible to become warm\". \nIn normal English it means \"it was exciting\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T15:47:39.510",
"id": "41052",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T15:47:39.510",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41047",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41047 | 41052 | 41052 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I come across this sentence in Tobira:\n\nロボットは人間に怪我をさせてはいけない。\n\nI think it means \"Robot must not do harm to human\", but can it be understood\nas \"Robot must not make human do harm\" ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T15:38:22.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41051",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-23T05:39:05.173",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18188",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"causation"
],
"title": "ロボットは人間に怪我をさせてはいけない＝robot must not make human do harm?",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "According to the dictionary 怪我する means \"to get hurt\", \"to be hurt\" \n\n[怪我するの英語・英訳 - goo辞書\n英和和英](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/edc/16001401801/meaning/m0u/%E6%80%AA%E6%88%91/)\n\nSo 怪我させる means \"to hurt someone\".\n\nSo the translation becomes: \n\n> ロボットは人間に怪我をさせてはいけない。 \n> Robots must not hurt humans.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T15:52:19.657",
"id": "41053",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-23T05:39:05.173",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-23T05:39:05.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "14627",
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41051",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41051 | null | 41053 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41071",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How do you say:\n\n> I slept in a tent on/at the campsite.\n\nI've been trying to make sense with it for a while now and I just can't make\nit work.\n\nI think I know the vocabulary needed: 寝ました, テント, キャンプサイト and maybe 一張? If you\nknow words that would fit better, please tell me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T16:37:04.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41054",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-23T06:12:15.117",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-21T04:15:44.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "18747",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How do I express \"I slept in a tent\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 468
} | [
{
"body": "There are many ways you could say it. \nテント+寝る seems fine if you want a short and easy way to say it.\n\nAs far as camping goes, you can use 野営 and 野宿 but I don't think they are as\ncommon as キャンピング.\n\nIf you want a fancy sentence, maybe you could go with something like.\n\n> 昨日は野営して、テントで寝ました。\n\nWhich would mean\n\n> Yesterday I went camping and slept in a tent.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-21T01:23:15.190",
"id": "41064",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-21T01:23:15.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> I slept in a tent on/at the campsite.\n\nYou could say...\n\n> * キャンプ[場]{じょう}で、テントで寝ました。 \n> ( _Lit._ slept in a tent, at the campsite.)\n> * キャンプ場のテントで寝ました。 as suggested by @naruto. \n> ( _lit._ slept in a tent of/at the campsite.)\n> * キャンプに行って、テントで寝ました。 \n> ( _Lit._ went camping and slept in a tent.)\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-21T14:55:27.067",
"id": "41071",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-22T05:41:45.070",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-22T05:41:45.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "41054",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "You could say:\n\n> * キャンプ場にあるテントで寝ました。\n> * I slept in a tent (that is) standing on the(a) campsite.\n> * キャンプ場のテントで寝ました。\n> * I slept in a tent of the campsite.\n>\n\nI rarely say キャンプサイト. It would be better if you said キャンプ場.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-23T03:54:58.063",
"id": "41116",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-23T06:12:15.117",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-23T06:12:15.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "41054",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41054 | 41071 | 41071 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41059",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Ran into this line in something I was reading.\n\nFrom my understanding, a volitional verb + とする means \"to try to do something,\"\nso I suppose 今からしようとしている might mean \"I'm trying to do it now\" or \"I'm about to\ndo it.\"\n\nThen, the dictionary says that a past tense verb + ところ means \"to have just\nfinished something.\"\n\nBut when I try and put the two together, I get something like \"I just finished\ntrying to do it now.\"\n\nI think the tenses are confusing me, with 今から suggesting that it's present\ntense but ～たところ suggested that it's past tense.\n\nWould the correct translation simply be \"I just tried to do that?\" And if so,\nwhy the 今から?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T17:49:36.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41055",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-22T04:47:12.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5305",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does 今からしようとしてたところよ mean?",
"view_count": 415
} | [
{
"body": "How about parsing it as...\n\n> ｛（今から）しよう｝としていたところよ。\n\n今から modifies しよう. You can think of 今からしよう as the volitional form of 今からする, \"do\nit now\" \"start it now\".\n\n～したところ means \"I have just finished something\" but ～し **てい** たところ means \"I was\nright in the middle of doing something.\"\n\nSo 今から(～～)しようとしていたところ(だ、です、よ etc.) is literally like \"I was right in the\nmiddle of trying to do/start it now\", thus \"I was just about to do it.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T23:41:31.700",
"id": "41059",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-20T23:47:23.170",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-20T23:47:23.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "41055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "する means \"to do\". \n今からする means \"to start\". \n今からしようとしていた means \"I was trying to start\".\n\nSo the literal translation is: \n今からしようとしてたところ \nI was just about to try to start.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-22T04:47:12.473",
"id": "41087",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-22T04:47:12.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 41055 | 41059 | 41059 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm helping out as a tutor for Japanese in my university and a student asked\nme, if \"soshite\" may be derived from a verb in \"-te\" form.\n\nNow, I know that there are a lot of similar-sounding words in the Japanese\nlanguages, but since the \"-te\" form is used to connect two sentences and so is\n\"soshite\" it got me thinking.\n\nMaybe there's anyone out there with helpful insight :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T19:19:00.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41056",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-21T20:10:58.200",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-21T00:17:40.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"て-form",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Did \"soshite\" develop from an overused \"te\"-form?",
"view_count": 1170
} | [
{
"body": "Yes!\n\nFrom 大辞林\n\n> ### そして\n>\n> [0] (接続) \n> → そうしてに同じ。\n>\n> ### そうして\n>\n> さう— [0] 【然うして】 \n> (接続)\n>\n> 1. 前に述べた事柄を受けて、それに引き続いて起こる事柄を述べる。それから。「あたりが暗くなった。—大粒の雨が降り始めた」\n> 2. 全件に述べた事柄に後件をつけ加える。その上。さらに。「文学・歴史—教育と幅広く活躍する」\n>\n\nそうして is from そう and して ( _te_ -form of する). Here そう points not to something\npertaining to the listener (\"you\"), but to the content of the previous (words\nor) sentence(s).\n\nOf course そう belongs to こう・そう・ああ・どう. こうして and ああして also exist, but どうして \"why\"\n(or \"how come\") is probably the next most common of these after そ(う)して.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-20T19:58:10.183",
"id": "41057",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-21T20:10:58.200",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "41056",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 41056 | null | 41057 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41080",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "According to weblio, 節｛ふし｝がある is defined as follow:\n\n> 着眼点としてある。そのようにも思われる。「思い当たるふしがある」や、「県警は当初、事件を隠蔽しようとしていたふしがある」などのように用いられる。\n>\n> \"Interesting\" point. Considered to be like this. Used like 「思い当たるふしがある」 and\n> 「県警は当初、事件を隠蔽しようとしていたふしがある」.\n\nBut I can't grasp what it would mean. 思い当たるふしがある is like \"if someone mentions\nit that appears to be evident\" and 「県警は当初、事件を隠蔽しようとしていたふしがある」 would maybe mean\n\"At first, the police tried to keep the case secret\". But I fail to get the\nnuances.\n\nI have found a lot of examples\n[here](http://yourei.jp/%E3%81%B5%E3%81%97%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B) but I\ncan't still make anything of it.\n\nIn particular,\n\n> 頭と胴体と、強い方が相手を制するのではないかと思われるふしがある。\n\nThe combination 思われるふしがある makes little sense to me.\n\nCould someone clarify a bit what it means? or how can it be reformulated?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-20T20:18:03.340",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"idioms"
],
"title": "How to understand 節がある?",
"view_count": 1979
} | [
{
"body": "思い当たる: come to mind \n\n> ふし【節】 ３ 心のとまるところ。…と思われる点。 \n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/192283/meaning/m1u/> \n> sign, clue, evidence, irregularity, anomaly, indication, trace, vestige,\n> mark, concern. \n>\n\n思い当たるふしがある \nSome clues come to mind.\n\n県警は当初、事件を隠蔽しようとしていたふしがある \nThere are evidences that the police at first tried to keep the case secret.\n\n思われるふしがある \nThere are some evidences that makes one think so.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T15:21:00.600",
"id": "41072",
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"body": "I think this 節 is more or less interchangeable with\n[ところ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23739/5010), and it vaguely refers\nto \"something that catches one's eyes\" or \"something that reminds someone of\nsomething\". I feel it tends to refer to something negative or suspicious.\n\nAnyway, this phrase is idiomatic, and safe translations would simply be \"It\nappears to me that ～\", \"It reminded me of ～\". I feel 言われてみると (\"now that you've\nmentioned\") is not always important, and your last example can be translated\nsimply as \"It seems that the stronger one will win.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T01:40:21.157",
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"body": "This is the actual definition of weblio: `何かが起こる前触れを感じ取ること`\n\nwhich after some thinking about, I would understand as `to see signs of`",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-12-07T21:27:12.670",
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{
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oSCCZ.jpg)\n\nPlease take a look at this image. 節 should be derived from tree burl....\n\nCopyright: <https://www.umee-seizaisho.com/special10.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-10-26T13:12:56.067",
"id": "96865",
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| 41058 | 41080 | 41080 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41063",
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"body": "I don't know whether I read 中 as なか or ちゅう in the sentence below:\n\n> 昨日寝る **中** で電話がありました。",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-20T23:42:43.710",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "How is 中 read in 「昨日寝る中で電話がありました。」？",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "I would read it as なか. You read 「plain form of a verb + 中」 as 「～～する + なか」,\ne.g. 「雨が降る[中]{なか}」 cf: 「勉強[中]{ちゅう}」\n\nBy the way, 昨日 **寝る中で** 電話がありました。 doesn't sound natural. You could say\n[就寝中]{しゅうしんちゅう}に, 寝ているときに or 寝ている[間]{あいだ}に to mean \"while sleeping\". Where did\nyou see the sentence? Can you provide the context?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T00:12:48.300",
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{
"body": "Since it is an individual word, it should be pronounced as なか. \nじゅう(or ちゅう) is used only when 中 is an affix (attached to a noun).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T04:20:17.803",
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| 41060 | 41063 | 41063 |
{
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"body": "I recently bumped into these two sentences\n\n> サッカーとか野球 **とか** スポーツをする\n>\n> 'テニスとかサッカーとかアメフト **とかの** 球技が大好きだからね\n\nWhich I noticed is that they are very similar and in the latter, after 「とか」we\nfind the particle 「の」. What I want to know is if we could rewrite again these\nsentences, the former with the particle 「の」and the latter without it as\nfollows:\n\n> 'サッカーとか野球 **とかの** スポーツをする\n>\n> 'とかサッカーとかアメフト **とか** 球技が大好きだからね\n\nWhich is the nuance of the particle 「の」in these exemples? What is the\ndifference between using the particle and not using it?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-20T23:52:37.387",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Difference between とかの + noun and とか + noun",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "In terms of nuance they are pretty much indistinguishable, but とかの is\ncolloquial. A teacher might correct it to とか if you use it in a written\nassignment etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-25T20:35:32.687",
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| 41061 | null | 41199 |
{
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"body": "First question on this Japanese sub-community. Sorry if this confusing or hard\nto explain. Basically, I want to say\n\n> Everyone should realize that if the YouTube thumbnail wasn't a picture of an\n> anime girl, there wouldn't be 1 million views.\n\nbut get stuck on \"that if\". I'm not sure whether to nominalize the conditional\npart before adding in 気がつく (realize), or something else. Wasn't sure where to\nput the \"realize\" phrase, but here was my best shot:\n\n> YouTubeサムネールはアニメの女の子の写真でなければ１００万視聴回数がない気がすべきつく。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T04:20:27.813",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conditionals",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Nominalization of Conditionals to Use With 気がつく (realize)",
"view_count": 243
} | [
{
"body": "You can say ことに気が付くべきだ or のに気が付くべきだ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T07:16:08.357",
"id": "41067",
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"body": "I think the translation you are looking for is:\n\n> YouTubeサムネールはアニメの女の子の写真でなければ、１００万視聴回数がないことに誰もが気づくはず。\n\nNote the use of はず (the speaker's expectations) vs. your original べき (duty).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T09:02:23.287",
"id": "41068",
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"body": "I would say:\n\n> １００万視聴回数がない **こと** に **気がつくべき** 。\n\n * realize → 気がつく。We don't use 気がすべき.\n * should → 〜すべき, 〜べき. \n\nThe word order: 気がつく べき. \n... And it need こと. (I feel odd if there is no こと)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T13:04:34.970",
"id": "41069",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"body": "Here's my take on what you've written, though I might not be 100% correct.\n\n1 - Be aware of tenses. You're talking about a state of being from the past (\n**wasn't** a picture) affecting the present ( **be** 1 million).\n\n> YouTubeサムネールはアニメの女の子の写真 **ではなかったら** １００万視聴回数がない気がすべきつく。\n\n2 - Grammar. I've never seen 気がすべきつく before. I think you mean 気がつくべきです, but it\nstill should be all wrapped in a こと.\n\n> YouTubeサムネールはアニメの女の子の写真 **ではなかったら** １００万視聴回数がない **ことに気がつくべきです** 。\n\n3 - It still seems incorrect to me for some reason... The usage of **は** on\nYouTube seems like you're asking YouTube itself to take notice. I might be\nwrong, but this seems more logical to me:\n\n> YouTube **の** サムネール **が** アニメの女の子の写真 **ではなかったら** １００万 **の** 視聴回数\n> **を達成できないことに気がつくべきです** 。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T13:37:23.740",
"id": "41070",
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| 41065 | null | 41067 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41075",
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"body": "There is a proverb as follows.\n\n> The mirror is (intentionally) broken due to his/her ugly face.\n\nMore precisely, the mirror is broken by the user right after the user knows\nthat her/his face is (so) ugly. Literally it is used to refer to one who\nblames other innocent one because of his/her own mistake.\n\n# Questions\n\nWhich one should I use in Japanese? Passive or Active form?\n\n * A: 顔が悪くて、鏡を割る。\n * B: 顔が悪くて、鏡が割られる。\n\nBonus: Is there a proverb in Japanese with the same meaning?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-21T16:52:24.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41073",
"last_activity_date": "2017-11-28T08:09:28.980",
"last_edit_date": "2017-11-27T22:15:53.190",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Do I need to use passive form here? \"The mirror is broken due to his/her ugly face\"",
"view_count": 230
} | [
{
"body": "**I would prefer A.**\n\nSince a passive form typically makes the actor ambiguous, B has no nuance of\n\"intentionally by the user.\"\n\nA similar phrase in Japanese is **[責任転嫁]{せきにんてんか}** , though it is not a kind\nof proverb ([諺]{ことわざ}) but a four-character idiom ([四字熟語]{よじじゅくご}). I couldn't\nfind an exact proverb. cf. [discussion\nhere](http://qanda.rakuten.ne.jp/qa264835.html).\n\n_Side Note_ : I at first imagined a situation that a mirror is broken by\nitself because it could not bear reflecting such an ugly face. It seems to me\nthat, regarding breaking mirrors, this situation might be more familiar to the\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T17:52:16.377",
"id": "41075",
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{
"body": "> The mirror is (intentionally) broken due to his/her ugly face.\n\nMy attempts are:\n\n 1. **醜{みにく}い顔** なので鏡を（ **叩｛たた｝き** ） **割る** 。\n 2. この鏡だと醜い顔に映るので鏡を（叩き）割る。\n 3. 醜い顔を鏡の **せい** にして鏡を（叩き）割る。\n\n * An \"ugly face\" is usually translated into 「醜｛みにく｝い顔」. \nBy the way, a famous fairytale \"THE UGLY DUCKLING\" is trasnlated as\n「みにくいアヒルの子」\n\n * According to dictionaries \"intentionally\" is defined as 故意｛こい｝に, わざと or 敢｛あ｝えて, but I translated it as 叩｛たた｝き in 叩き割る because **叩き割る** has a connotation of \" _breaking up something in pieces with showing or expressing one's violent anger_ \".\n\n * The first attempt is a literal translation. The second attempt is a translation expressing the angry feelings of the lady(?) who broke the mirror. The behavior might be called \" **八つ当たり** _to take out on (the mirror)_ or _to vent one's anger on (the mirror)_ \". The third attempt is a so-called **責任転嫁**.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-11-28T04:23:14.760",
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| 41073 | 41075 | 41075 |
{
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"body": "Normally, when I have seen a family crest they are termed mon or kamon.\nHowever, I have also seen the term _daimon_. What is the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-21T22:05:58.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41077",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"symbols"
],
"title": "What is the difference between a daimon and a mon or kamon?",
"view_count": 713
} | [
{
"body": "[代紋｛だいもん｝](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BB%A3%E7%B4%8B-558545) refers\nexclusively to the crest of a yakuza group. Think of it as a 家紋{かもん} for\nyakuzas.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T22:43:30.987",
"id": "41078",
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{
"body": "According to the dictionary \"daimon\" refers to noble families. \"Mon\" and\n\"kamon\" are synonymous and refers to families.\n\nだいもん【大門】 社会的に地位の高い家柄。大家 (たいけ) 。 \nもん【門】家柄。一族。 \nかもん【家門】 家柄 (いえがら) 。家筋。 \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/134625/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%84%E3%82%82%E3%82%93/> \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/220653/meaning/m1u/%E9%96%80/> \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/45343/meaning/m0u/>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-21T22:50:15.393",
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]
| 41077 | 41078 | 41078 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41090",
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"body": "Japanese _shockingly_ is really into politeness, and thus I've found a million\ndifferent words for the English 'please'.\n\nBut I must ask, what would be the best word/phrase to use when begging. Like\nwhen a child asks 'Please daddy don't go!', what is the Japanese equivalent to\nthe English's emphasising word 'please'?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-22T01:59:22.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Word choice for 'please' when begging?",
"view_count": 2767
} | [
{
"body": "Here is one of the most used ways to say that.\n\n> お願いだから \n> onegaidakara",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T02:11:26.717",
"id": "41082",
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{
"body": "If you do need an equivalent, probably it's お願い (casual) or お願いします (politer),\nbut I think Japanese small children use this far less often. To their parents,\nthey would usually say [ねえ](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%AD) (a general-\npurpose attention-drawer word similar to \"Hey\" or \"Come on\"), or simply repeat\nthe \"don't go\" part.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 41081 | 41090 | 41082 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41084",
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"body": "In this paragraph:\n\n> 今から約20年前、携帯電話は日本ではほとんど普及していなかった。\n> **当時小学生だった私が、憧れていたもの、それは携帯電話ではなく、ポケットベルだった。**\n\n 1. Does this paragraph look natural for a native to write?\n 2. What does もの mean in 憧れていたもの? Is it talking about a physical thing?\n 3. In それは携帯電話ではなく, why is ではなく an adverb, why not ではない(verb)?\n 4. Does the bold part translate to: \"At that time I was a student but, there was a thing I wanted, that thing wasn't a cellphone, it was a pocket bell.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T03:01:35.170",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "「～もの、それは…」 Atypical sentence structure?",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "1. Yes it's perfectly natural.\n 2. Yes it's 物, a physical \"thing.\"\n 3. This なく is a 連用形 (continuative form) of ない, and it can join two clauses. See: [なく vs. なくて and stem form vs. てform as conjunctions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2934/5010) and [Connecting phrases with the stem of masu-form](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6412/5010)\n 4. The literal translation would be as follows. Don't be deceived by the first comma; that が is the subject marker. See: [Reason for placing a comma between the subject and verb in this simple independent clause?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27397/5010) In this case the comma was inserted simply because the subject part (当時小学生だった私) is a bit long. \n\n> 【｛（当時小学生だった→）私が憧れていた→ ｝もの 】、それは携帯電話ではなくポケットベルだった。 \n> The thing I, who was an elementary school student at that time, longed for\n> -- that was not a cell phone but a pocket bell.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T03:43:03.903",
"id": "41084",
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"body": "1.Does this paragraph looks natural for a native to write? \nYes. There is nothing wrong with this sentence.\n\n2.What does もの mean in 憧れていたもの? Is it talking about a physical thing? \nYes. もの can be translated exactly as a \"physical thing\". \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/75561/meaning/m1u/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE/>\n\n3.In それは携帯電話ではなく, why is ではなくand adverb, why not ではない(verb) \nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar\", page 211: \nなく: a continuative form of ない used in written Japanese (to indicate a\nreason/cause for what follows if ない is attached to adjective) and contrast if\nit is attached to noun+copula. \n\nInstead of なく you can also say なくて. Te-form is also used as a continuative\nform. \nではない can only be used at the end of the sentence or before a noun.\n\n4.Does the bold part translate to: \"At that time I was a student but, there\nwas a thing I wanted, that thing wasn't a cellphone, it was a pocket bell.\" \n当時小学生だった私が、憧れていたもの、それは携帯電話ではなく、ポケットベルだった。 \nI, who was a primary student at that time, was in love not with cell phones,\nbut with beepers.",
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| 41083 | 41084 | 41084 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41111",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sXLKu.png)\n\nThat's the Kanji in question.\n\nI'm trying to learn Japanese character's writing and reading (with manga) and\ngot stuck with this one, I've tried doing a search by radicals (jisho) and\nfrom a list of kanji by strokes (wikipedia) and couldn't find a reference.\n\nThanks for taking your time in reading my question!",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "How can I read this kanji (Image attached)",
"view_count": 498
} | [
{
"body": "It's this one\n\n## [話](http://www.edrdg.org/cgi-bin/wwwjdic/wwwjdic?1MMJ%E8%A9%B1)\n\nFound from the kanji dictionary search at <http://www.edrdg.org/>",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T12:55:14.313",
"id": "41092",
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{
"body": "This is 話, made of 言＋舌.\n\nJudging by the discussion under the other answer, you were unable to recognize\n言 because of the variation in the direction of the first stroke. Take a look\nat the following examples:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Coxwy.png)\n\nThese are examples of different ways to hand-write 言, taken from the official\n[常用漢字表](http://kokugo.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/joho/kijun/naikaku/pdf/joyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf).\nYou can find other examples of variation in this document, and I'd recommend\ntaking a couple minutes to look through it to see if there are any other\nvariations you're unfamiliar with.\n\nAs with many characters, there is not just _one_ way to write 言, but several\nvariations. Once you're used to them, they'll all look like the same thing to\nyou.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T00:16:18.887",
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| 41091 | 41111 | 41111 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41098",
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"body": "I have _always_ used 自転車 to express my use of a bicycle, when out of nowhere,\nmy word-of-the-day drops チャリ onto my lap, saying it means the same thing. So\nnow I'm left to wonder: what's the difference between the two, and which has\nthe more common usage?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances",
"slang",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 自転車 and チャリ?",
"view_count": 1333
} | [
{
"body": "AFAIK `自転車` can refer to any kind of one/two/four-wheeled human-powered\ntransport, including sport bikes (and apparently even some motorized bicycles\nbut NOT motorcycles, which are often confusingly called `バイク`), while\n`チャリ`/`ママチャリ`/`チャリンコ` are only used for the standard one-speed city/shopping\nbicycle.\n\nReferences:\n\n[自転車](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2%E8%BB%8A)\n\n[シティサイクル](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB).",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T13:46:04.770",
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{
"body": "自転車 is a common word for bicycle. チャリ means \"bicycle\" but it isn't a polite\nword. Kids and the young rather than adults use the word チャリ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T14:08:16.340",
"id": "41097",
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"body": "To refer to bicycles:\n\n * **自転車** : The formal word for bicycles. It includes so-called 電動自転車 (electric-assisted bicycles), but does not include motorcycles with petrol-powered engines.\n * **チャリ** : A common slang term for 自転車. It's an abbreviation of チャリンコ which means the same thing. By the way, according to [this](http://zokugo-dict.com/17ti/charinko.htm), the etymology of チャリンコ is not clear. You can use チャリ when you talk with your friends, but it's safe to avoid this in formal business settings.\n * **バイク** : Some people who are keen on motor sports use バイク to refer to bicycles, like English speakers do. Some compound nouns such as マウンテンバイク and ロードバイク always refer to specific types of bicycles, too. But most Japanese people use バイク as the synonym for オートバイ (motorcycles).\n\nFWIW, I personally have always stuck to 自転車. When I was a teenager, maybe more\nthan 90% of my classmates used チャリ, though.",
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{
"body": "ちゃり is short for ちゃりんこ which is slang for 自転車. \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/142860/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%8A%E3%82%93%E3%81%93/>",
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| 41093 | 41098 | 41098 |
{
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"body": "A dictionary search for verbs related to cooking pulls up many examples.\n\n * 炊く\n * 炒める \n * 煮える\n\netc.\n\nThe differences between them seems to be related to the method of cooking\n(boil, fry, etc), or what you are cooking.\n\nBut in Japanese chats, I see the good old workhouse verb 作る mostly being used\nwhen referring to making something in the kitchen.\n\nSo, what is a natural choice in Japanese conversation? And how often do these\nother kinds of verbs get used?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T14:29:06.463",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Cooking in Japanese with verbs",
"view_count": 3126
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{
"body": "炊く, 炒める, 煮る are the method of cooking like boil and fry. For example, 野菜を炒める(I\nfry vegetables). Other kind of verbs are 焼く, 蒸す, 揚げる etc.\n\n作る is used when someone cook a meal. For example. 私は夕食を作る(I cook a dinner),\n私はラーメンを作った(I cooked a ramen).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T15:18:36.777",
"id": "41100",
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{
"body": "> 炊く\n\nThis is 99% of the time be referring to cooking rice. If you try replace it\nwith 作る and say ご飯{はん}を作る then the meaning becomes completely different, it\nmeans you will cook food in general, not rice.\n\nAs a side note, in some dialects `炊く` can mean to simmer. For example 黒豆の炊いたん\nwould be used in Kansai area.\n\n> 炒める\n\nYou will often hear this as 炒め物, 野菜炒め, etc. because it is so common to take\nsome vegetables and meat and fry them together. For example, there are 466,677\nrecipes for 炒め物 on cookpad it is so common:\n<http://cookpad.com/search/%E7%82%92%E3%82%81%E7%89%A9>\n\n炒める itself you probably will hear on cooking shows or recipe books.\n\n> 煮える\n\nI don't hear this often as the transitive version 煮る since usually you are\ndoing the simmering/boiling. Also, 煮物 is a very common dish, throw things into\na pot and simmer them together.\n\nI guess overall, you don't hear the above words very often in conversations\nunless you are into cooking (or actually cooking together with someone) and\nread recipes/watch cooking shows. However, you find the words pop up a lot in\nother words. For example ゆでる (boil) your hear a lot because of the word ゆで卵\n(boiled egg) or 蒸す{むす} (steam) you hear in words like 蒸しパン or 蒸し{むし}野菜{やさい}.\n\nHowever, 作る is the easiest to use when you aren't referring to a specific dish\nand say you are going to \"make some food\".\n\nAlso, if you are into cooking, Japanese has an abundant amount of words. Here\nare some variations on 煮る alone:\n\n```\n\n ・煮からめる\n ・煮きり\n ・煮込む\n ・煮立てる\n ・煮詰める\n ・煮びたし\n ・煮含める\n \n```",
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| 41099 | 41101 | 41101 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41104",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Today when I came across the verb [訴]{うった}える in a sentence somewhere, it\nsuddenly hit me that I don't very often see verbs like that: ones that have a\nsokuon (little っ) in their stem. The only verbs that come to my mind are ones\nof the type ホッとする、[発展]{はってん}する、[決定]{けってい}する et cetera, i.e. verbs that stem\nfrom a noun.\n\nIt so happens that the noun 訴え is the heart of 訴える so this verb, though not\nending in する, also belongs to that category of verbs stemming from nouns.\n\n**My question is the following** : Are there verbs that do contain this little\nっ in their stem, but do _not_ derive from some noun? Even more strongly, could\nyou state as a rule that a っ does _not_ occur in the stem of a (let me just\ncall it) \"pure\" verb?\n\nI would be interested in reading more on origins of Japanese verbs, so any\nrecommendations on this are also very welcome!",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Occurrence of っ in verb stems",
"view_count": 518
} | [
{
"body": "Here are some \"pure\"(?) verbs that include っ in their stem:\n\n * いらっしゃる ←いらせらる\n * 仰る（おっしゃる） ←おおせある\n * 尊ぶ（たっとぶ） ←たふとぶ\n * 則る（のっとる） ←のりとる\n * 欲する（ほっする） ←ほりす\n\nAccording to デジタル大辞泉, these are simply lexicalized euphonic changes of archaic\nverbs. 訴える was originally\n[うるたふ](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%86%E3%82%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%81%86).\n\nIf you can include compound verbs and verbs with intensifier prefixes, many\nverbs contain っ. To list a few:\n\n * 乗っ取る\n * かっ飛ぶ、すっ飛ぶ、ぶっ飛ぶ、吹っ飛ぶ\n * はっ倒す\n * 引っこ抜く、引っ張る、引っ付く、引っかける\n * くっつく、突っつく、せっつく\n * ぶっ放す、ぶっ倒す、ぶっ殺す、ぶっ刺す、ぶっちぎる",
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},
{
"body": "Some verbs in past tense include a little っ, such as 勝った, 持った, 取った, 蹴った, etc.\n\nOther examples would be: 持っていく(もっていく), いらっしゃる, 張っ倒す(はったおす), 引っ越す(ひっこす), etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T19:09:12.427",
"id": "41105",
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"body": "訴{うった}える does not derive from noun 訴{うった}え, but rather the opposite -- the\nnoun 訴{うった}え derives from verb 訴{うった}える, as the stem or continuative form of\nthe verb.\n\nIn turn, 訴{うった}える comes from older classical form 訴{うった}ふ. This was a\n下{しも}二段{にだん}活用{かつよう}動詞{どうし}, or \"lower bigrade conjugation verb\". The \"lower\"\npart refers to the vowel of the stem, and \"bigrade\" means that there were two\ndifferent vowel endings. For 下{しも} verbs, these vowel endings were _‑ u_ and\n_‑ e_. ([JA Wikipedia article\nhere](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8).)\nThis contrasted with 上{かみ}二段{にだん}活用{かつよう}動詞{どうし}, for which the two vowel\nendings were _‑ u_ and _‑ i_. ([JA Wikipedia article\nhere](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%BA%8C%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8).)\nOver time (some time around the [Muromachi\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muromachi_period), 1336–1573) both\nbigrade forms collapsed to unigrade forms, losing the _‑ u_ verb-stem endings\nto just have _‑ e_ for 下{しも} verbs like 訴{うった}ふ (now 訴{うった}える) and 食{た}ぶ (now\n食{た}べる), and to just have _‑ i_ for 上{かみ} verbs like 落{お}つ (now 落{お}ちる) and\n過{す}ぐ (now 過{す}ぎる).\n\nLooking back further, 訴{うった}ふ got its geminated _‑ tt‑_ as a phonological\ncontraction or erosion of older form 訴{うるた}ふ, which was apparently the form in\nuse in the early [Heian period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_period)\n(794–1185).\n\nI cannot find much beyond this point in history to divine the verb's\nderivation any further. This verb _urutapu_ is long enough to suggest a\ncompound derivation, but I cannot find any clear roots. The verb ending in\nclassical Japanese and earlier was ふ, a common auxiliary verb used to indicate\nrepeated action or ongoing state, but this only attached to the incomplete\nform (未然形{みぜんけい}) of the preceding verb, and I cannot find any clear\nindication of an ancient verb _urutu_. The last two morae, たふ, could have been\nancient verb 給{た}ふ used as an honorific auxiliary, but this only attached to\nthe continuative form of a verb, and うる does not conform to continuative\nconjugation patterns. The underlying ultimate derivation appears to be lost in\ntime.\n\n( **Note:** Shogakukan's big 国語{こくご}大{だい}辞典{じてん} is my primary source.)",
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| 41103 | 41104 | 41106 |
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"body": "In the very beginning of Tae Kim's Guide to Japanese, namely\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives), there is this\nexample:\n\n> 魚が好きな人。\n>\n> Person that likes fish.\n\nWhen I read that for the first time, still as a very beginner in japanese, I\njust said \"ok interesting, let's move on\". But now, having completed the whole\n\"Basic Grammar\" and \"Essential Grammar\" sections of Tae Kim's guide, and\ndrastically improved my vocabulary, I decided to reread everything and\nstumbled at this example.\n\nIt sounded unnatural, strange. As if the phrase was saying **\" fish is\ndesirable person\"**. (Note: of course I am far from fluent, so I wouldn't be\nsurprised if it's correct, although sounding strange).\n\nSo I see two ways of parsing that phrase:\n\n * (魚が好き)な人\n * 魚が(好きな人)\n\n**Question 1:** As far as I know (and here is where I'm probably wrong), we\nshould use **な** to connect **na-adjectives** to nouns, but the first way of\nparsing is using **な** to connect **a whole clause** to a noun, is this\ngrammar really correct? Does the whole clause accept a **な** simply because it\nends in a na-adjective? **What is going on here?**\n\n**Question 2:** Clearly the second option (\"fish is desirable person\") does\nnot make sense, but I think we can create a similar example in which both\ninterpretations would fit:\n\n * \"person that likes Alice\": (Aliceが好き)な人\n * \"Alice is (a) desirable person\": Aliceが(好きな人)\n\nIf this is correct, then is guessing by context the only way to decide between\nthe two interpretations?\n\n* * *\n\n_Note: I didn't post these as separate questions because they are extremely\nrelated and there is a chance that a single explanation might help me with\nboth questions._",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T21:17:55.043",
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"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "The usage of な to make an entire clause modify a noun, and \"Alice is a desirable person\" versus \"Person that likes Alice\"",
"view_count": 646
} | [
{
"body": "### Question 1\n\nAs Tae Kim's guide says, relative clauses cannot end with だ, so you cannot say\n魚が好きだ人.\n\n> The negative, past, and negative past conjugations of verbs can be used just\n> like adjectives to directly modify nouns. However, we cannot do this with\n> the plain non-past state-of-being using 「だ」. (I told you this was a pain in\n> the butt.) The language has particles for this purpose, which will be\n> covered in the next section.\n\nAnd in the next page, it says you need to use な for cases involving na-\nadjectives anyway:\n\n> Even when substituting 「の」 for a noun, you still need the 「な」 to modify the\n> noun when a na-adjective is being used.\n\nApparently that page lacks an example for this pattern, but basically whenever\nyou can say `A + は + B + が + na-adj`, you can turn it into a relative clause\nand say `B + が + na-adj + な + A` (or rarely, `A + が + na-adj + な + B`, as\ndescribed below).\n\n * そのスマホはCPUが高性能だ。 (The smartphone has a high-performance CPU.) \n→ CPUが高性能なスマホ (a smartphone with a high-performance CPU)\n\n * その生徒は成績が優秀で将来が有望だ。(The student is academically excellent and his future is promising.) \n→ 成績が優秀で将来が有望な生徒 (a student with high grades and promising future)\n\n### Question 2\n\nアリスが好きな人 is indeed ambiguous and means both \"a person whom Alice likes\" and \"a\nperson who likes Alice\". This ambiguity has been asked several times, so\nplease read [my previous\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/30172/5010).",
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"id": "41114",
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"body": "Question 1: \"is this grammar really correct?\" \nYes, it is correct. \nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 376, there are 3\nways of forming the relative clause:\n\n> 1. Verb/i-adjective + noun \n> Examples: 話す人。話した人。高い本。高かった本。\n>\n> 2. na-adjective + な/だった + noun \n> Examples: 静かな家。静かだった家。\n>\n> 3. noun + の/だった/である/であった + noun \n> Examples: 先生である田中さん。\n>\n>\n\nSo in your example な connects the whole clause to a noun.\n\nQuestion 2: \n魚が好きな人。is actually ambiguous and can have 2 interpretations: \nA person that likes fish. \nA person that is liked by the fish.\n\nDoes the person like the fish or does the fish like the person? \nThe relative clause is actually ambiguous and only the context can tell you\nwhich interpretation is correct.",
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| 41107 | null | 41114 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41113",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I recently studied the grammar point of 〜ことに〜, as in the following sentence:\n\n> あきれた **ことに** 、彼の禁煙は1日だけだった。」\n\nHowever, I'm not quite confident with its meaning. I'm having no trouble with\nthe meaning of the sentence itself but rather with using it myself.\n\nIs the grammar point equivalent to the English 'to my surprise/horror etc.'?\nAnd if not can anyone offer me a more suitable translation so that I can fully\ngrasps the meaning of said construct?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"usage",
"nuances",
"syntax"
],
"title": "About the Meaning of 〜ことに〜",
"view_count": 4992
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, 驚いたことに is the most common translation of \"to my surprise\". You can often\nuse a sentence adverb (\"Surprisingly, ...\"), \"what's (adj) ...\" or \"(adj)\nthing is ...\" too.\n\nThis ～ことに is used with _some_ adjectives that express emotion, such as 悲しい,\n嬉しい, and 残念. I feel some adjectives do not normally take ～ことに even though they\ndescribe emotions (we don't usually say [?]楽しいことに nor [?]爽快なことに for example).\nSome combinations you can safely use include:\n\n * 嬉しいことに、幸いなことに\n * 悲しいことに、恐ろしいことに、怖いことに、辛いことに、悔しいことに、惜しいことに\n * 可哀想なことに、心配なことに、残念なことに\n * 困ったことに、驚いたことに\n * 悪いことに (\"what's worse\")\n\nAnd note that this pattern is a bit stiff, and appears in speech uncommonly. I\nthink it's best to learn from examples, so please take a look at the following\npage.\n\n * [Learn JLPT N3 Grammar: ことに (koto ni)](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AB-koto-ni/)\n * [JGram ～ことに 「は」 [～ことに 「は」] (kotoni)](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kotoni)",
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"id": "41113",
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"body": "In the book 日本語能力試験対応 文法問題集 written by 白寄まゆみ and 入内島一美しい, page 26:\n\n> A ことに/ことには B \n> B なので、とても A\n>\n> A expresses some emotion. \n> B is the reason for that emotion. \n>\n\nYou can either say ことに or ことには\n\nExamples: \n\n> うれしいことに、明日退院できるんです。 \n> ばかげたことに、彼は自ら注文した食事に手もつけなかった。 \n> 不思議なことには、彼はすでにそのことを知っていた。 \n> 興味深いことには、彼がそのソナタを作曲したときわずか７歳でした。\n\nAbout the translation, I think you are right. \n\"to my surprise/horror etc\" seems to be a good translation.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T04:53:52.040",
"id": "41118",
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| 41108 | 41113 | 41113 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41112",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Preface: I do not know Japanese, so please forgive any misnomers and\ninaccuracies. Also please forgive the crude transcriptions of the Japanese\nsounds; I mean no offense.\n\nWhen watching anime/playing video games with Japanese soundtracks, I've often\nheard characters exclaim \"ばかな!\", apparently roughly transliterated as \"ba ka\nna\", which many anime/videogames translate as \"impossible\" and sounds to me\neerily like bu4 ke3 neng2 (不可能 - \"impossible\" in Chinese). It's obviously\ntempting for me, with my Chinese background, to think that the phonological\nsimilarity is something more than coincidence: for example, I've heard the\nphrase \"KAI SEE\" in contexts where it quite obviously corresponds to Chinese\nkai1shi3/開始, so in some instances such similarities are actually not\ncoincidental. But in this case it seems rather dubious to me that \"ba ka na\"\nis some Japanese reading of 不可能, which is a bit \"too Chinese\" of a\nconstruction, and I'd like to settle the speculation for good by inquiring as\nto the true genesis of this phrase.\n\nSo, where did this expression come from? One colleague argued that it stems\nfrom the the Japanese word \"baka\" (馬鹿), in which case I suppose one possible\npath towards the present meaning of \"ba ka na\" might be something like \"this\n[situation] is just stupid\" > \"are you kidding me\" > \"impossible\". Is this\naccurate, or is it sui generis, or something else entirely? It's driving me a\nbit mad, since right now everything time my ears hear \"ba ka na\", my brain\nhears \"bu ke neng\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-22T22:58:28.827",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"title": "What is the origin/etymology of the phrase \"ばかな\" meaning \"impossible!\"",
"view_count": 1640
} | [
{
"body": "This ばかな is actually 馬鹿な, which is a [na-\nadjective](http://thejapanesepage.com/grammar/na_adjectives) meaning\n_ridiculous_ , _absurd_ , _stupid_ , etc., used as an interjection.\n\nI don't know Chinese, but Japanese does have a word 不可能, which is relativelly\ncommon. However 不可能 is rarely used as an interjection, and is read as ふかのう (\n_fu-ka-noh_ ) in modern Japanese. So the sound similarity of 馬鹿な and 不可能 (in\nChinese) must be a mere coincidence. Many Japanese words are of Chinese\norigin, but their reading are usually different between modern Chinese and\nmodern Japanese. See [Sino-Japanese\nvocabulary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary) for\ndetails.",
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"body": "That probably comes from the phrase:\n\n> そんな馬鹿なことはない。 \n> Such a stupid thing is impossible.\n\n<http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%9D%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E3%81%B0%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%22>\n\nSo I agree with your colleague.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T04:35:24.543",
"id": "41117",
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| 41110 | 41112 | 41112 |
{
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"body": "Can someone help clarify. When should I use \"baggu\" and when \"kaban\"? Is there\nany difference at all?",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T06:07:45.237",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Baggu vs Kaban - Is there any difference",
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{
"body": "If you use google image it can give you a general idea:\n\n[kaban\nresults](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%8B%E3%81%B0%E3%82%93+or+%E3%82%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3+or+%E9%9E%84&client=firefox-\nb-\nab&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijg_rInL7QAhUEWLwKHcHaDQgQ_AUICSgC&biw=1301&bih=1092#tbm=isch&q=%E3%82%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3)\n\n[baggu\nresults](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%8B%E3%81%B0%E3%82%93+or+%E3%82%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3+or+%E9%9E%84&client=firefox-\nb-\nab&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijg_rInL7QAhUEWLwKHcHaDQgQ_AUICSgC&biw=1301&bih=1092#tbm=isch&q=%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0)\n\nIn short,\n\nkaban is generally for men and baggu is generally for women (as shown in the\nimage results). Also, kaban seems more practical and business use while baggu\nis more for fashion/design.\n\nAnother difference is already fixed names. For example, エコバッグ (eco baggu) and\nキャリーバッグ (kyari baggu) are specific types of bags.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"body": "There is almost no difference between baggu and kaban. \nBaggu (バッグ) is \"bag\" itself, and bag of course means kaban (かばん).\n\nRecently, people often use バッグ rather than かばん \nEspecially as a fashion term, I think people always use バッグ.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T14:52:14.963",
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"body": "According to the dictionary バッグ is pretty much the same as \"bag\", anything\nthat you can put things inside and carry with you. \nかばん means \"briefcase\", a special type of bag, usually made of leather,\ndesigned to carry things like papers and documents.\n\n> バッグ【bag 】物を入れて持ち歩く袋やかばんの総称。 \n>\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/177260/meaning/m1u/%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0/> \n\n> １ かばん【鞄】革やズックなどで作り、書類その他の物を入れる携帯用具。 \n>\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/44008/meaning/m1u/%E9%9E%84/>",
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| 41119 | 41120 | 41120 |
{
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"body": "I found out this sentence:\n\n```\n\n それは触{さわ}ると柔{やわ}らかい\n \n```\n\nand I don't understand と sentence in here. I know と is related to \"and\" and\n\"with\". But what's its role on this sentence?",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T07:05:48.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と's role in 「それは触ると柔らかい」",
"view_count": 972
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{
"body": "と has quite a few meanings. To name a few...\n\nThe case particle (格助詞) と can mean \"and\" or \"with\". It attaches to 体言, such as\nnouns and pronouns. eg:\n\n> * 「りんごとみかん」(apples and oranges)\n> * 「わたしと一緒に」(together with me)\n>\n\nThe case particle と can also be used as a quotative particle. It attaches to\nalmost anything, eg:\n\n> * 「おいしいと思う」(I think it's tasty)\n> * 「買うと言った」(I said I would buy it)\n> * 「今日の晩ご飯はトンカツ(だ)と聞いた」(I heard today's dinner is tonkatsu)\n>\n\nThe と in your example is a conjunctive particle (接続助詞) meaning \"When~\" or\n\"If~\". It attaches to 用言, such as verbs, adjectives, auxiliaries. eg:\n\n> * 「食べると太る。」(If you eat, you'll gain weight.)\n> * 「暗いと見えない。」(If/When it's dark, I can't see.)\n>\n\nSo your sentence それは触ると柔らかい means \"It feels soft when/if you touch it.\"",
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{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 480: \n\n> と: a subordinate conjunction which marks a condition that brings about an\n> uncontrollable event or state. It can be translated as \"if\" or \"when\".\n>\n> Examples: \n> ニューヨークに行くと面白い店がたくさんある。 \n> If you go to New York there are many interesting shops.\n>\n> それは先生に聞くとすぐ分かった。 \n> I understood immediately when I asked the teacher.",
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| 41121 | 41125 | 41125 |
{
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"body": "I see both of these words used to describe dictionary.\n\nCan someone tell me the difference between these two?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T07:56:23.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41122",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-28T02:01:56.510",
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"score": 13,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between jibiki and jisho?",
"view_count": 6697
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{
"body": "I can't think of a time I have heard 字引 (jibiki) but looking at the characters\nit literally is just to 'Pull' or 'Draw' a character. Feels like it would be\nmore suited for use of a Japanese person to look up the meaning of a Japanese\ncharacter\n\nWhere as 辞書 (jisho) is more like 'Written Words/Expressions'. One could say it\nis more in tune to decoding other languages.\n\nThis is just my take one it... as I have not heard anyone use \"jibiki\" in the\nmany years I have been speaking with native Japanese.",
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"body": "[字引]{じび}き sounds old-fashioned to me, although everyone (except very young\nchildren) would probably know what it means. I think I've heard very old\npeople (like, over 80 years old?) use the word 字引き to refer to both J-J and\nE-J/J-E dictionaries.\n\nI think [辞書]{じしょ} is the most common word to refer to dictionary. Most\nJ-J/E-J/J-E dictionaries that I've seen are titled 「～～[辞典]{じてん}」, eg\n『小学館プログレッシブ和英中辞典』『ジーニアス英和辞典（大修館書店）』『明鏡国語辞典（大修館書店）』 etc., but we usually refer\nto these dictionaries as 辞書 in daily conversation.\n\n... But you'd still say [生]{い}き字引き, not 生き辞書, to mean \"a walking dictionary\".",
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"body": "They both mean \"dictionary\". \nAccording to the site below, 字引 is more \"vulgar\" (俗な言い方). \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/11974/meaning/m0u/>",
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| 41122 | null | 41124 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41144",
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"body": "I'm using 新完全マスター N2 grammar book. It lumps にしたら、にすれば、にしてみれば and にしても\ntogether. It makes no attempt to explain the differences between these, even\nthough, on inspection of the examples and practice questions にしても clearly has\na somewhat different usage from the others.\n\nHowever, I can't distinguish a difference in usage for the other three. The\nexample sentences given are:\n\n> 君も色々言われて面倒だろうが、君のお母さん **にしたら** 、君のことが心配なんだよ。\n>\n> たばこを吸う人 **にすれば** 、たばこの害についての話題は避けたいだろうと思う。\n>\n> 新しい高速道路ができて便利になったが、沿線の住民 **にしてみれば** 、あまりありがたくはないかもしれない。\n\nIs there are actually a difference or are they interchangeable?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Difference between にすれば にしたら にしてみれば \"from the viewpoint of...\"",
"view_count": 3762
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{
"body": "1) Aにしたら、Bと思うだろう。 \n2) Aにすれば、Bと思うだろう。 \n3) Aにしてみれば、Bと思うだろう。 \n4) Aにしても、Bと思うだろう。 \n\nIn 1, 2 and 3, \nA thinks B.\n\nIn 4, \nA also thinks B (Someone else think B).",
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"body": "I think they are interchangeable. \nMy book (日本語能力試験対応 文法問題集) also lumps them together.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T15:14:40.270",
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"body": "> Is there actually a difference?\n\nYes, there is a difference: That is for sure. It would usually be unnatural\nfor a language to have multiple words or phrases to express the exact same\nidea if there were absolutely no difference among them at least in one aspect.\n\n(What I do not know as an average, run-of-the-mill native Japanese-speaker,\nhowever, is whether or not you would be required to be aware of the difference\nas an N2-level Japanese-learner.)\n\nOn the native level, 「たら」 is generally regarded as more informal and/or\ncolloquial than 「れば」; therefore, this difference will be retained when forming\nphrases and sentences containing 「れば」 or 「たら」.\n\nThus, 「～にしたら」 is more informal than「～にすれば」, and 「～にしてみたら」 than 「～にしてみれば」.\n\nAs a matter of fact, this difference I speak of can be clearly seen in the\nthree example sentences that you yourself have listed (unless this is\nhappening by sheer chance without the author's intention). The first sentence\nuses 「～にしたら」 with the fairly informal and colloquial phrase 「心配なんだよ」. (I hope\nyou could tell 「なんだよ」 sounds pretty colloquial.)\n\nThe second and third sentences use 「れば」 with the far less informal 「～と思う」 and\n「かもしれない」, respectively.\n\n> Are they interchangeable?\n\nOnly to an extent, yes. You would need to know that native speakers would\nrarely fail to notice the awkwardness of a sentence in which one randomly uses\nwords and phrases of different formality levels.\n\nMy advice is always: \"If you changed one word in a sentence, you might also\nneed to change a couple of more.\"",
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| 41126 | 41144 | 41144 |
{
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"body": "When using masu-stem to connect sentences, is the short form for shimashita =\nshi?\n\n> 昨日無事に大学を卒業しました。日曜日に国へ帰ります。\n\n=\n\n> 昨日無事に大学を卒業し、日曜日に国へ帰ります。\n\nIs his correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Masu stem to connect sentences",
"view_count": 2769
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{
"body": "Yes, your sentence is correct; you can connect sentences with the continuative\nform (連用形) of verbs, and here in your example you can use し, which is the\ncontinuative form of the verb する.\n\n> 昨日無事に大学を卒業 **し** 、日曜日に国へ帰ります。\n\nYou can also use the te-form して:\n\n> 昨日無事に大学を卒業 **して** 、日曜日に国へ帰ります。\n\n（The continuative form 「～し、…」 sounds a bit more literary/formal and less\ncasual/conversational than the te-form 「～して、…」）\n\n* * *\n\nA few examples:\n\n> * ネットで注文 **し** 購入する (≂ 注文し **て** )\n> * よく学 **び** よく遊べ (≂ 学ん **で** )\n> * 子供を産 **み** 育てる (≂ 産ん **で** )\n>\n\nAs a side note: When the continuative form is one mora, eg\n「[得]{え}」「寝」「見」「[来]{き}」「[出]{で}」「い(居)」, using the te-form is more common /\npreferred: 「～を **得て** 、...」「早めに **寝て** 、...」「～を **見て** 、...」「～に **来て**\n、...」「～に **いて** 、...」 etc., over 「～を得、...」「早めに寝、...」「～を見、...」「～に来、...」 etc.\n(「～に[居]{い}、...」 sounds unnatural.) But 「XXし、...」 sounds natural and is\ncommonly used.",
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"body": "\"do the short form for shimashita=shi?\" \nNo. There is no short form for しました because it is the opposite: しました comes\nfrom し + ました, し being the short form.\n\ndictionary form: する \nshort form: し \nformal: short form + ます = します. \npast: short form + ました = しました\n\nAnother example: \ndictionary form: 書く \nshort form: 書き \nformal: 書き + ます = 書きます. \npast: 書き + ました = 書きました\n\nThat is why there is no short form for しました. You use the short form to create\nしました, not the other way around.",
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| 41133 | null | 41142 |
{
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"body": "I have a few questions on this sentence:\n\n```\n\n 彼{かれ}は彼女{かのじょ}の手を捕{つか}まえた\n \n```\n\nWhat's the difference between 捕まえる and 捕える? both of them mean to catch right?\n\nabout 彼 and 彼女. From what I understand 彼 is he and 彼女 is her? It's very odd to\nsee it, because most of the time we are trying to use less directive speech in\njapanese right? How common are sentences like this one?\n\nThanks, Or",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T19:11:50.760",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "help me understand a few elements in this sentence",
"view_count": 404
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{
"body": "The main difference is basically just the reading and the base verb -\ntsukamaru -> tsukamaeru, and toru -> toraeru.\n\nToru can be written with different kanji to have different nuances, but with\nthe same kanji the two are essentially the same.\n\nKare is \"he\" and Kanojo in this context could be taken as \"his girlfriend\".\nThis is third person, so I'm not sure what you mean by that (it's an\nobservation about 2 other people, not yourself). Seems like a very normal\nsentence.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T19:46:24.383",
"id": "41137",
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"body": "### Nuance\n\nIn addition to misaka's answer, it is also worth noting the difference in\nnuance -- 捕{つか}まえる has overtones of _\"to catch **in one's hand** , to hold\ntightly **in the hand** \"_.\n\n捕{と}らえる, meanwhile, does mean _\"to catch and not let go\"_ , but not\nnecessarily in one's hand; in this way, the meaning is closer to _\"to\ncapture\"_.\n\n### Derivation\n\n捕{つか}まえる comes from older 捕{つか}まう, traditional spelling 掴{つか}まふ, itself\nderived as the continuative / repetitive form ( _\"to grab or seize **and hold\nonto** \"_) of momentaneous verb 掴{つか}む ( _\"to grasp, grab, or seize\"_ ),\nlikely from noun 束{つか} ( _\"a handful\"_ ) + verb-forming suffix む (which seems\nto be related to 見{み}る, perhaps from a sense of _\"to seem or look like; to be\nmade to seem or look like\"_ ), in turn possibly derived from verb つく with a\nbase meaning approaching _\"to stick or set; to stick or set one thing into,\nonto, or against another\"_.\n\n捕{と}らえる comes from older 捕{と}らう, traditional spelling 捕{と}らふ, derived as the\ncontinuative / repetitive form ( _\"to take **and keep** \"_) of momentaneous\nverb とる ( _\"to take\"_ , of various kanji spellings, depending on the intended\novertones). Some etymologies suggest that とる itself represents a verb formed\nfrom noun 手{て} (ancient combining reading た), and both とる and 捕{と}らえる have\n_\"hand\"_ -related senses -- but they also have more abstract senses ( _\"to\ncapture; to enthrall; to seize an opportunity\"_ , etc.), whereas 掴{つか}む and\n捕{つか}まえる are (generally) more specific about the physical aspects of\n_\"catching\"_.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T20:18:12.717",
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"body": "According to the dictionary, とらえる and つかまえる have the same meaning.\n\nとらえる is not much used in spoken language.\n\nとらえる can also be used for abstract things: \n相手の心を捕らえる: catch the person's heart. \n真相を捕らえる: catch the truth. \n機会を捕らえる: catch an opportunity.\n\n> 【１】「捕らえる」「捕まえる」は、逃げないようにしっかりと押さえる意。「捕らえる」は、話し言葉ではあまり用いられない。 \n> 【２】「捕らえる」には、「相手の心を捕らえる」「真相を捕らえる」「機会を捕らえる」のように、抽象的な事柄を掌握する意もある。 \n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/9408/meaning/m0u/>\n\nWords like 彼 and 彼女 (meaning the third person) originally didn't exist in the\nJapanese language. \nThey were introduced with the translation of western books. \nToday they seem to be quite common.",
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| 41136 | 41153 | 41138 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41146",
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"body": "Each of the following sentences:\n\n> 1. 今ではほとんど **見ることのできない** ポケットベル、通称ポケベルは、当時の女子高校生の必須アイテムだった。\n>\n> Pokebell, the short version for Pocket Bell in Japanese, can’t hardly be\n> seen now but it was the indispensable item for female high school students\n> of that time.\n>\n> 2. 鼻より先を **見ることのできない** ものもいる。\n>\n> Someone cannot see beyond the end of his nose.\n>\n> 3. 顕微鏡でしか **見ることのできない** 生物。\n>\n> An organism that can be seen only through a microscope.\n>\n>\n\nhas the \"見ることのできない\" but the translation is different, like in example 2, the\nsentence is talking about someone that can't see something, but in sentence 1,\nthe sentence is talking about something that can't be seen.\n\nHow do Japanese interpret these sentences?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Different interpretations of 見ることのできない",
"view_count": 167
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{
"body": "As a native English speaker, I think the translations are a little weird but\nnot because of the 見ることができない.The key as to why you would translate that phrase\ndifferently is the adverbial phrases in front of 1 and 3, ほとんど and 顕微鏡しか\nrespectively.\n\n* * *\n\n> 1.今ではほとんど見ることのできないポケットベル、通称ポケベルは、当時の女子高校生の必須アイテムだった。\n\nI would translate this to:\n\n```\n\n Now You barely see Pocketbell, colloquially called \"Pokebell,\" but for high school girls in that era it was a must-have item.\n \n```\n\nほとんど means \"generally\" but when combined with a negated verb means \"barely\"\n\n* * *\n\n> 2.鼻より先を見ることのできないものもいる。\n\nHere, there's no adverb.\n\nI would translate this to\n\n```\n\n there are some people who cannot see past their own noses.\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\nFor the third one, you need to know the pattern Xしかできない which means \"can only\ndo X\"\n\n> 3. 顕微鏡でしか見ることのできない生物。\n>\n\nthus,\n\n```\n\n An organism that can only be seen with a microscope.\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\nSo it's not that the basic meaning is changing but that adverbs are changing\nthe functional meaning in 1 and 3.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-23T23:31:53.307",
"id": "41141",
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"body": "I bet most Japanese people cannot explain why Sentence 2 is different from the\nother two. Native speakers of Japanese are of course unaware of how they\nconstruct relative clauses in Japanese. At best, some students will notice\nthat Japanese also has relative clauses which are not very similar to those of\nEnglish when they learn English at middle school.\n\nAnyway Sentence 2 is clearly different from the other two because there is\nalready a direct object of 見る before it (i.e., 鼻より先). The modified noun will\nbe taken as the subject of 見る because the subject is the only missing part.\n\nJapanese relative clauses are simpler than English ones, and thus can\nsometimes be ambiguous, at least grammatically. As for Sentence 3, it can\ntheoretically mean both \"organisms which are visible only through a\nmicroscope\" and \"organisms that can see things only with a microscope\".\nJapanese people will understand even without thinking that this sentence means\nthe former.\n\nAs for Sentence 1, 今では見ることのできないポケットベル can technically mean \"a pocket bell that\nis now visually impaired\", yes. But any Japanese person who knows about pocket\nbells will not even notice such an interpretation is technically possible.\n\nSee Also:\n\n * [が in subordinate clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30171/5010)\n * [「星が見えない＝Stars can't be seen」 but 「目が見えない＝Eyes can't see」, why?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21516/5010)",
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"body": "This is not about how Japanese people interpret the text. \nIt is about how to translate in a way that sounds natural in English.\n\nA sentence in one language may not sound natural in another language if\ntranslated literally.\n\nFor example Japanese people will say 喉が渇いた to mean \"I am thirsty\". \nBut a literal translation makes no sense in English: \"my throat is dry\". \nAn English speaker would never say \"my throat is dry\" to mean \"I am thirsty\". \nBut that is the literal meaning of the Japanese sentence.\n\nThat is why literal translations are often wrong. \nYou have to translate the meaning of the sentence, instead of directly\ntranslating each word.",
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| 41140 | 41146 | 41141 |
{
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"body": "A:一人で海外行きたいけど。。。反対しても行くよ！！\n\nB:ダメだよ！！何かあったら知らないよ！\n\nWhen this kind of nuance is used for the verb 知らない, why is the verb 知らない used\neven though it means \"to know\" and how do you translate it exactly...?",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-24T01:15:02.820",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"etymology",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "知らない used in \"I don't care\"",
"view_count": 1567
} | [
{
"body": "You could think of it as \" _complicitly knowing_ \". \nSo, in the context of your example「知らない」it expresses something like:\n\n * \"I'm not involved\", \"I won't get involved\" \n * \"I don't approve\" \n * \"you can't blame it on me\" \n * \"it's got nothing to do with me\" \n\nSo it could be translated this way...\n\n> * \"If anything happens to you, don't come crying to me about it.\"\n> * \"I can't be held responsible if anything were to happen.\"\n>\n\nWeblio has an entry for 知らない that shows the two usages:\n\n> ある物事に関する知識・情報を有していないこと。 \n> **関与しない** という意思の言明にも用いられる。\n\n<http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T04:17:27.687",
"id": "41148",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "何かあったら、知らないよ。 \nIf anything happens, I don't know (about anything)\n\nThis 知らない can be translated as: \n\"There is nothing that I can do\" \n\"I won't be able to help you\" \n\"I don't know about any way to help you\" \n\"I won't care about you\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T04:45:09.323",
"id": "41150",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 41143 | null | 41148 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41147",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I tried to read what's written on this board in a manga, but a portion of\nit is too blurry for me to try to seach the kanji in a dictionnary.\n\nIt would be great if someone was able to recognize the words and help me read\nthem.\n\nHere's the image :\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4PRIP.jpg)\n\nI got\n\n> xxx を入れて\n>\n> お待ちしてます。\n>\n> 二x\n>\n> 佐x眼鏡堂\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T03:52:38.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41145",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-24T04:02:37.140",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18641",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "Please help me read this board",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "Probably this...\n\n> **珈琲** を入れて\n>\n> お待ちしてます。\n>\n> 二 **階**\n>\n> 佐 **藤** 眼鏡堂",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T04:02:37.140",
"id": "41147",
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"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "41145",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41145 | 41147 | 41147 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41151",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was trying to read a novel when I encountered this phrase:\n\n> 出た感想が冒頭の言葉だ。\n\nI can't seem to understand it. The only thing I found out was that 冒頭 meant\nbeginning, but it doesn't seem to make sense if I directly substitute it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T04:33:16.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41149",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-24T04:42:52.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18803",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of \"冒頭の言葉\"?",
"view_count": 87
} | [
{
"body": "冒頭 means \"beginning\" so it is making a reference to whatever is written at the\nstart of the text. \nIf it makes sense or not, it depends on the context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T04:49:25.230",
"id": "41151",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 41149 | 41151 | 41151 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41158",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Recently I came across the word 狭める, \"to narrow\" or \"to make narrow.\" I\nwondered about its relation to 狭い and then I found some other similar\nadjective-verb pairs:\n\n * 固い ー 固める\n * 高い ー 高める\n * 深い ー 深まる\n\nI'm curious if this is a common way to turn adjectives (it seems like only\nい-adjectives) into verbs. Also, is it an alternative to the adverbial form +\nなる and the adverbial form + する？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T09:22:19.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41155",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-24T23:57:22.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9682",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"suffixes",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "How are the suffixes ーまる and ーめる used?",
"view_count": 2928
} | [
{
"body": "It seems that only a small subset of い-adjectives can be turned into verbs by\nusing suffixes -まる and -める.\n\n-める generates a transitive verb and -まる an intransitive verb.\n\nSo, for a single い-adjective, both -める and -まる verbs may exist:\n\n * 深める: to make deep\n * 深まる: to become deep\n\nFor some い-adjectives, only -める verbs are valid:\n\n * × 苦しまる, ○ 苦しめる\n * × 痛まる, ○ 痛める\n\nAnd there are many い-adjectives that do not have -まる/-める verbs.\n\n * × 大きまる, ×大きめる\n * × 嬉しまる, ×嬉しめる\n\nAs you mentioned, it is almost equivalent in meaning to 〜くする and 〜くなる\nrespectively. For example, 深まる≒深くなる and 深める≒深くする. But they are not always\ninterchangeable and their usage may be difficult, as described in [this\narticle](http://nihonngokyoushi-naniwanikki.blog.jp/archives/61766668.html).\n\n[This\nbook](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=l-C4H2sBJlEC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ja#v=onepage&q&f=false)\nis describing the differences between -まる/-める verbs and -くなる/-くする in p.401:\n\n>\n> 「〜くなる」「〜くする」は形容詞の表す程度がより甚だしくなる（する）ことを表しますが、「〜まる」「〜める」は形容詞の表す状態への変化を表します。ただし厳密には区別されない場合もあります。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T12:00:40.913",
"id": "41158",
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},
{
"body": "It is indeed a common way to turn adjectives into verbs. \nBut such a rule is not universal, there are many exceptions. \nNot all verbs ending in まる or める are derived from adjectives. \nAnd not all adjectives can be turned into verbs using this rule.\n\nFor example the following verbs are probably not derived from adjectives: \n決める \n含める \n埋める\n\nThe following adjectives don't have a corresponding verb: \n安い \n痒い \n白い",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T13:36:23.980",
"id": "41165",
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 41155 | 41158 | 41158 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41189",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> **盲人のための点字が打ってあります \n> ** moujin no tame no tenji ga utte arimasu \n> _Braille has been provided for the blind (book's translation) \n> _\n\nThe book I'm reading translates it as [to provide]. \nBut in any dictionary I check, it means to hit/strike. I know that this book\nI'm reading likes to change the translation a bit off from the literal\nmeaning. \n\nSo I'm wondering what is the literal meaning of this sentence? \nIs this incorrect? >> \"Braille is prepared to tackle the need of the blind.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T09:47:30.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41156",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-08T03:16:35.307",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-25T07:29:38.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Literal meaning of 打ってあります in this sentence",
"view_count": 313
} | [
{
"body": "打つ here means \"to punch\" (to punch Braille dots)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T09:56:18.040",
"id": "41157",
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"score": 8
},
{
"body": "打つ is also used in expression like キーボードを打つ, \"to type on a keyboard\".\n\nExamples from the dictionary: \n\n> 6 〔キーをたたく〕 \n> この書類をワープロで打ってくれ \n> Please type this document on a word processor.\n>\n> 彼に祝電を打った \n> I sent him a congratulatory telegram. \n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/5627/meaning/m0u/%E6%89%93%E3%81%A4/>\n\nFrom that the meaning probably expanded to \"print letters\".\n\nSo the translation becomes: \n\n> 点字が打ってあります \n> The braille letters have already been printed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T12:45:39.873",
"id": "41159",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T00:50:22.693",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I think the 打つ is used in the sense of:\n\n> うつ【打つ・撃つ・討つ】 \n> ❷㋒ 記号や番号などを書きつける。 **[付]{ふ}す。つける。** 「文末に句点を打つ」\n\nin 明鏡国語辞典.\n\nThis 打つ is often used like this:\n\n * 名前にはふりがなを **打って** ください。 \n(commonly seen in a registration/application form) \n≂ ふりがなを[振]{ふ}ってください・ふりがなをつけてください。 \n\"Please add Furigana/Ruby to your name.\" \n... even when you're writing it by hand.\n\n * この絵本は、漢字に全部[読]{よ}み[仮名]{がな}が **うって** あります。 \n\"Pronunciation/ruby has been added to all kanji in this picture book.\"\n\nSo I think the 打つ in your example 盲人のための点字が打ってあります is also used in the meaning\nof 「つける」 or 「[付]{ふ}す」, literally \"put\", \"attach\", or \"add\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T08:25:20.320",
"id": "41189",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 41156 | 41189 | 41157 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41163",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How to read `１２．５％`? I've place it on Google Translate and heard じゅうに **てん**\nパーセント, is it correct?\n\n> ６５歳を超えるアメリカ人は全人口の **１２．５％** を構成している。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T12:49:00.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41160",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-11-02T02:41:27.157",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"readings",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "How to read percentage?",
"view_count": 3891
} | [
{
"body": "The correct pronunciation is : \nじゅう に てん ご パーセント",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T13:06:36.687",
"id": "41161",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "It is **not** correct. Its pronunciation is Jū ni-ten **go** pāsento. (じゅう に\nてん ご ぱーせんと)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T13:06:48.467",
"id": "41162",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-24T13:06:48.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14627",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The ・ here is used as the \".\" would be used in English: to distinguish the\nround and the decimal part. So it is indeed read as 点{てん}.\n\nSo you would read the whole thing as [１２]{じゅうに}[・]｛てん｝[５]｛ご｝[％]｛パーセント｝.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T13:06:57.880",
"id": "41163",
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41160 | 41163 | 41163 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41166",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both of them mean \"wall\", then what's the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T13:14:08.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41164",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-24T13:40:28.057",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 壁 and 塀?",
"view_count": 619
} | [
{
"body": "壁｛かべ｝ is a regular wall. 塀｛へい｝ may be a wall but not necessarily. A 塀 enclose\na perimeter (like a house, a building, ...) and it define a frontier between\nthe interior and the exterior. A wall does not define an interior and an\nexterior (just two sides: in front of the wall and behind the wall).\nTherefore, sometimes 塀 is translated as a fence.\n\nYou can have a look at google images to get a more precise idea.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T13:39:47.577",
"id": "41166",
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},
{
"body": "On a first glance, they both seem to mean the same thing. 壁 is used more\nfrequently in Japanese, in the essence of common words it participates in,\nlike 完璧, 障壁 e.t.c. 塀 on the other hand is more commonly used alone, with the\nmeaning \"fence, wall\". Of course there are words that use the Kanji, like 石塀,\nブロック塀 e.t.c. but they are not as common.\n\nIf you want to know why the first wall Kanji differs from the second both in\nusage and frequency, you'll have to resort to Kanji etymology.\n\n壁 comes from the element 土 which you may be familiar as \"soil, clay\" and a 辟\nis a phonetic element. That means, it is used to convey the reading of the\nKanji. There have been some sources (e.g.Henshall) tying the usage of 辟 us a\nphonosemantic element, meaning it is also used not only because it gives the\nKanji reading, but it also builds around its meaning, more specifically \"law,\nrestriction\", thus \"clay restricting something->wall\".\n\n塀 is tied many times with 垣 that has again the same meaning (some consider the\nformer the variant of the latter). 塀 is mostly considered a Japan-created\nvariant. 土 is again \"soil, clay\" and 屏 among others means \"barrier, shield\" in\nChinese.\n\nSo building up to @永劫回帰 answer, 塀 carries not only the meaning of a regular\nwall, like clay restricting something (壁）but also \"shielding, protecting,\ndefending\", thus most frequently used to define an exterior walling, something\nthat doesn't passively restrict entry but \"shields\" or \"defends\", like a\nfence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T14:05:26.387",
"id": "41167",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 41164 | 41166 | 41166 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41559",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Japanese has different words for \"younger sibling\" and \"older sibling\". Then\nhow are the English words \"brother\" and \"sister\" (or any other European\nequivalents for that matter) **typically** translated into Japanese (in books,\nTV, movies, etc.) without a clear context or clue as to how older or younger\nthe sibling in question is (which is the case most of the time: Western\nauthors don't bother to use \"younger/older sibling\", or give any clue, at\nall)? For example, how do Japanese translators deal with a vague phrase such\nas \"Lucy's sister\"? Do they just randomly use either 「ルーシーの姉」 or 「ルーシーの妹」?\nAlso, what about the case of twin siblings?\n\n**Note** : I'm not asking _can you translate these words for me?_ , but _how\nare these words **typically** translated?_ based on the most common practice\nused by translators; i.e. I'm asking for how translation works in these\nspecific cases in general, not for specific translations in any given\ncontexts. So I don't think the question is off-topic.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T14:43:51.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41168",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-25T00:06:24.447",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-25T01:19:18.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "10168",
"owner_user_id": "10168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How are ambiguous \"brother\" and \"sister\" typically translated into Japanese?",
"view_count": 2626
} | [
{
"body": "That's a little more vague since it can implies more than one sibling but I\nthink the safest way is to translate sister as 姉妹｛しまい｝ and brother as\n兄弟｛きょうだい｝.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T15:17:51.530",
"id": "41169",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
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},
{
"body": "In Japanese, even in the case of twins there is always one child that is born\nfirst. That first born will be assigned the honorific form for the elder\nsibling. Typically translators will attempt to infer from the context of the\nsubject matter being translated to assign the correct work. When no context\ncan be determined, they will typically default to the elder or use 兄弟(きょうだい).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T21:41:01.473",
"id": "41509",
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},
{
"body": "Think, what pronoun would you typically use for a person whose sex is\ncompletely unknown (in Japanese, genderless pronouns are more commonly used)?\nThis is a very similar question.\n\nThe Japanese translator of _Harry Potter_ series went to ask J.K. Rowling if a\ncharacter is another one's older sister or younger sister. This is always by\nfar the best practice than anything written below. (But unfortunately it's\nafter the first volume was published, so in JP version someone's siblinghood\nis twisted in the middle of the series.)\n\nIn some occasions you could use 兄弟 or 姉妹. But these words never mean a\nsingular sibling, always \"brothers\" and \"sisters\". They aren't made for\ndescribing interpersonal relationship between two people, but their common\nproperty.\n\n> 彼女はルーシーの姉妹だ\n\nIt would likely to mean \"she is one of Lucy's female siblings\", or more\npractically, \"she was born from the same parents with Lucy\" or \"she shares\ngene with Lucy\" etc., that could be said during profiling or search of bone\nmarrow donors. (Or they belong to a \"sorority\", or are mass production\nhumanoids etc. etc.)\n\nHowever, there's a workaround:\n\n> 彼女とルーシーは姉妹だ\n\ncan successfully tell their relationship without raising much eyebrows. Of\ncourse, it's useless when someone is referred only by their relation, e.g. \"My\nsister is...\"\n\nYou can also avoid to mention relationship terms when it's possible, as one of\ncommon solutions translators take to cope with untranslatable words.\n\nThe ultimate option is to take a shot in the dark. Older or younger, fifty-\nfifty :) When you mention a fictional character and they are disposable in the\nplot, this works great, but not recommendable for a real person. I don't know\nhow many minor characters in drama were hushed up like this.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-08T15:35:34.623",
"id": "41559",
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{
"body": "I don't know about typical, but here's another approach you could take: ブラザー\nand シスター. Yes, “brother” and “sister” have been imported into the Japanese\nlanguage and spelled in katakana.\n\nHere's the link to ブラザー:\n<https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC>\n\nHere's the link to シスター:\n[https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/シスター](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC)\n\nI have come across one YouTube clip that has one character say ブラザー:\n<https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4U8fmkxxBno>\n\nThat is a gameplay video of “Rage of the Dragons”, a fighting game that\nfeatures Japanese voice-acting. The characters Billy and Jimmy are twin\nbrothers who are also American. So it's likely that Billy called Jimmy ブラザー\nbecause it emphasizes the fact that they are American and not Japanese.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-24T16:31:21.223",
"id": "58137",
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"score": -1
}
]
| 41168 | 41559 | 41559 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41194",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 彼の聞く音楽といったら **肩の凝る** ものばかりだ。\n\nThe translation was:\n\n> He always listens to serious music.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T17:39:01.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does 肩の凝る mean?",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "肩{かた｝の凝｛こ｝る - stiffening of shoulder muscles\n\nIt's usually used in reference to sitting at a desk for long hours and your\nshoulders getting stiff, but in this sentence I think it's left to your own\ninterpretation of what \"shoulder-stiffening music\" is.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-24T17:59:41.983",
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{
"body": "from <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/41611/meaning/m0u/>:\n\n> 肩(かた)が凝(こ)・る \n> ２ 重圧を感じて気詰まりである。肩が張る。 \n>\n\nTL: feel ill at ease, uncomfortable, feel constrained, unable to relax.\n\n* * *\n\nExamples from <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/12384/meaning/m0u/>: \n\n> あの人と話をしていると肩が凝る。 \n> I feel uncomfortable when I am talking with him.\n>\n> 社長と話すといつも肩が凝る \n> I always feel ill at ease when I speak with the boss.\n>\n> もっと肩の凝らない話にしようよ \n> Let's switch to a lighter [less demanding] subject.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-25T15:08:45.763",
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| 41170 | 41194 | 41194 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41175",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "In English, to make a verb into \"someone or something that does x\" we add -er\nto the verb. Examples:\n\n * crush → crusher\n * teach → teacher\n * run → runner\n * spin → spinner\n\nIs there a similar rule or pattern in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T18:59:59.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41172",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"suffixes",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What is the Equivalent of Adding -er to a verb to make it \"One who does x\"?",
"view_count": 1053
} | [
{
"body": "I can only think of verb + 人/する人.\n\nYour examples could be:\n\n> 潰す人、教える人、走る人、回す人\n\nAlthough, there can be a specific word for certain cases such as 先生 for 教える人\nin the above.\n\n* * *\n\nAnother interesting example borrows from English's [\"-er\"\nconcept](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1041463510).\n\nPeople who like the brand しまむら (shimamura) can be called しまラー (shima-er) and\nin the same way:\n\nシャネル (chanel) -> シャネラー\n\n安室奈美恵 (Namie Amuro, a singer) -> アムラー\n\nNOTE: None of these are grammatical and are just slang words.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-24T19:14:08.403",
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{
"body": "There is no strictly equivalent construct, although 〇〇する[者]{もの} (or 〇〇する人,\n〇〇するの) will often serve.\n\nAside from that, especially when you have two-kanji Sino-japanese\n△△するcompounds, a related word on the form of △△[者]{しゃ} or △△さん will sometimes\nexist.",
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"creation_date": "2016-11-24T19:14:17.467",
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{
"body": "Some kanji suffixes can be used for this.\n\nProbably the most generic and closest to `-er` is `-者{しゃ}`：\n\n * 医{い}者{しゃ} (doctor, physician)\n * 歯{は}医{い}者{しゃ} (dentist)\n * 忍{にん}者{じゃ} (ninja) \n * 責任者{せきにんしゃ} (person responsible/in charge) \n * 関係者{かんけいしゃ} (authorized person, staff) \n * 科学者{かがくしゃ} (scientist) \n * 通訳者{つうやくしゃ} (interpreter) \n\n[More such\nwords](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Japanese_words_suffixed_with_%E8%80%85)\n(Wiktionary link)\n\n_NB_ : in some compounds `者` is read as `もの`, e.g. 若{わか}者{もの}, 馬鹿{ばか}者{もの},\n愚{おろ}か者{もの}.\n\nOther common suffixes:\n\n-屋{や} (usually, but not always used for occupations with a [work]shop)\n\n * 八{や}百{お}屋{や} (greengrocer)\n * 肉{にく}屋{や} (butcher)\n * 床{とこ}屋{や} (barber)\n * 大{おお}屋{や} (landlord/landlady)\n * 酒屋{さかや} (sake dealer/brewer)\n * 質屋{しちや} (pawnbroker)\n * 殺{ころ}し屋{や} (professional killer/hitman)\n\n-家{か} can be used for professions usually(but not always) related to creativity:\n\n * 漫画家【まんがか】 (mangaka, manga/comic writer)\n * 画家 【がか】 (painter)\n * 作家【さっか】 (writer/author)\n * 小説家【しょうせつか】 (novelist, fiction writer)\n * 作詞家【さくしか】 (lyricist, songwriter)\n * 芸術家【げいじゅつか】 (artist (in entertainment industry))\n * 評論家【ひょうろんか】 (critic)\n * 農家 【のうか】 (farmer/plant grower)\n * 実業家【じつぎょうか】 (businessman)\n\nyet another suffix is -手{しゅ}:\n\n * 歌手{かしゅ} - singer\n * 選手{せんしゅ} - sportsman\n * 運転手{うんてんしゅ} - driver/chauffeur\n * 投手{とうしゅ} - baseball pitcher\n * 騎手{きしゅ} - horseman/rider\n\n_NB_ : this suffix has been repurposed by Niconico Video users to refer to\namateur artists posting videos of their performances. They use the same 手\nkanji but with the て (kun) reading:\n\n-歌{うた}い手{て} ([ _utaite_](http://utaite.wikia.com/wiki/Utaite), amateur singer) from 歌手{かしゅ} (singer) -踊{おど}り手{て} ( _odorite_ , amateur dancer) from 踊{おど}る (dance)\n\nin a few rare cases this suffix is also read -て in common words as well\n(thanks to @EiríkrÚtlendi):\n\n * 買手【かいて】 (buyer/purchaser) \n * 選【えら】び手【て】(selector/chooser) \n * 使【つか】い手【て】(user of smth.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T20:50:11.917",
"id": "41175",
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},
{
"body": "For sino-Japanese nouns that can also be used as verbs (aka suru-verbs),\nadding 者 will work, as other answers explain.\n\nFor native Japanese verbs (aka _yamato kotoba_ verbs), using masu-stem alone\nwill often means \"<verb> + er\":\n\n * のぞき peeper\n * 酔っ払い drunkard\n * すり pickpocket (from [掏る](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%8E%8F%E3%82%8B))\n * 大食い big eater\n * 人殺し murderer\n * ピアノ弾き piano player\n * 魔法使い (lit. \"magic user\") wizard\n\nHowever these are nouns which have been fossilized long ago, and coining a new\nnoun using this rule is generally not recommended.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T00:39:50.833",
"id": "41180",
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{
"body": "There are probably more, but these are two ways I could think of turning verbs\nto nouns:\n\nSome words are formed by adding 手: \n買い手 \n売り手 \n貸し手 \n借り手 \n聞き手 \n送り手\n\nSome words are formed by adding 主: \n買い主 \n売り主 \n飼い主",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T14:59:46.673",
"id": "41193",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 41172 | 41175 | 41175 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41179",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hMxs8.jpg)\n\nこの公園には[a. 子供が遊べる/b. 子供が遊ぶ]ために、ブランコが設置してある。\n\nI thought of \"A swing is installed in order for children to be able to play in\nthis park\", but apparently that's wrong but I can't figure out why.\n\nI see why B is correct but I don't get why A would be wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T21:18:50.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41176",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-25T01:14:52.597",
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"owner_user_id": "18778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Why is answer A (遊べるために) wrong in this question?",
"view_count": 786
} | [
{
"body": "I agree with you. A seems to be as good as B. \nThe only detail I can think of is one of logic, not grammar. \nIf the swing is there so children CAN play, does it mean that children CANNOT\nplay without the swing? That is not true. Children can still play even without\nthe swing. \nIf you say 子供が遊べる, it means that children cannot play without the swing, which\nis not true.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T21:43:56.647",
"id": "41177",
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{
"body": "子供が遊べるために sounds awkward to me. I think we usually say:\n\n * potential form + ように \n * plain form + ために\n\nto mean \"so that ~~ can do ~~\" / \"for the purpose of ~~\".\n\nSo in your example I think you could say:\n\n * 子供が遊 **べるように** ( _lit._ so that children can play with it) \n * 子供が遊 **ぶために** ( _lit._ for children to play with it)\n\nSome examples:\n\n> * [東大]{とうだい}に[入]{はい} **れるように** [一生懸命]{いっしょうけんめい}[勉強]{べんきょう}する。 \n> (I'll study hard so that I can enter Tokyo University.)\n> * 東大に入 **るために** 一生懸命勉強する。 \n> (I'll study hard in order to enter Tokyo University.)\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-24T23:48:48.823",
"id": "41179",
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"score": 11
}
]
| 41176 | 41179 | 41179 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41183",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it normal to use 買い与えられたポケベルを片手に in this paragraph?:\n\n> 私の二人の姉は当時高校生で、両親から **買い与えられたポケベルを片手に** 、高校生活を謳歌しているように私には見えた。\n\nWhy not use just 与えられたポケベル or 買い与えられたポケベル. Is it necessary to use を片手に?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T02:21:43.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41181",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T02:37:05.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is usage of を片手に necessary in this paragraph?",
"view_count": 90
} | [
{
"body": "片手 here is being used idiomatically. [From\nhere](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/41947/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> 二つ以上のことを同時に行うこと\n\nSo it doesn't just mean \"in one hand\" (literally) but implies they are doing\ntwo things at the same time.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T02:37:05.780",
"id": "41183",
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"score": 2
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]
| 41181 | 41183 | 41183 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was watching a cartoon that said something like:\n\n> にいにいのオニ\n\nChinese subtitles said\n\n> 妮妮欺负我\n\nI can only guess that オニ is the same as おに or 鬼 to which jedict says:\n\n> noun\n>\n> 1. ogre, demon\n>\n> 2. spirit of a deceased person (see also: 亡魂)\n>\n> 3. ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.)\n>\n> 4. it (i.e. in a game of tag)\n>\n> 5. Chinese \"ghost\" constellation (one of the 28 mansions) (see also: 二十八宿,\n> 朱雀) prefix\n>\n> 6. very, extremely, super- (slang) (see also: 超)\n>\n>\n\nI'm still at a loss at how xxx's \"ghost\" could equate with - picking on or\nbulling though.\n\nIf I remember correctly the person on the cartoon was answered with:\n\n> 誰のオニ\n\nwhere Chinese subtitles said:\n\n> 谁欺负你？\n\nWho's picking on/bulling you?\n\nHow does \"xxxのオニ\" equate to \"xxx is bullying/picking on me\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T04:57:00.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41184",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-11-25T04:58:01.640",
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"owner_user_id": "5518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "How does \"xxxのオニ\" equate to \"xxx is bullying/picking on me\"?",
"view_count": 714
} | [
{
"body": "## 「誰々の ～ 」is a way of saying that someone is \"acting like ～ \"\n\nMaybe you have heard or seen something like, 「お父さんのバカ！」 \nwhich means something like \"Dad, you're being such an idiot!\"\n\nSo,「にいにいのオニ」and 「誰がオニ？」would mean something like, \"Nini is being an oni\" and\n\"Who is being an oni?\"\n\nWhere \"oni\" means something like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/01SHE.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T05:40:30.513",
"id": "41185",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-28T00:29:52.567",
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{
"body": "In this sentence,「の」means \"is\". It's not the possessive in this case.\nSo「にいにいのオニ」can be interpreted as \"Brother, You're a demon( orge-like person)!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T05:57:24.797",
"id": "41186",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T05:57:24.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18810",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "`A + の + B` can mean not only \"B of A\" but also \"B as A\" or \"B that is A\".\nSee: [What's the difference between 日本人の学生 and 日本の学生\n?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40892/5010)\n\nIn English, one can say \"You liar!\", \"You bastard!\" and so on, instead of\nsaying \"You are a liar.\" In Japanese, \"にいにいのオニ!\", \"お母さんの嘘つき!\", and such work\nexactly like these -- to abuse someone -- except that the second person\npronouns (あなた, お前, 君, etc) are rarely used in such situations.\n\nThis オニ is indeed [Oni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oni), and expressions\nlike this usually refer to someone who is unkind and merciless.\n\n誰のオニ doesn't make sense to me. Maybe you have misheard something.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T06:31:30.553",
"id": "41187",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41184",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 41184 | null | 41187 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41191",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I once heard from my friend that the two words: 橋 and 箸 have different stress\n(stress falling on the first/second syllable).\n\nIs that true?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T09:01:33.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41190",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-14T21:03:18.107",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-14T21:03:18.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18586",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Is there any difference when pronouncing 橋 and 箸?",
"view_count": 1836
} | [
{
"body": "That's true. 箸 has the stress in the first syllable, and 橋 in the second one.\n\n> 箸 はし{HL} \n>\n>\n> 橋 はし{LH}\n\nAnd you have 端 too\n\n> 端 はし{LH}",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T09:12:17.030",
"id": "41191",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T09:18:41.423",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7003",
"parent_id": "41190",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "箸 and 橋 are pronounced in the same way. \nSome people may pronounce differently due to accent or regional dialects. \nBut officially there is no difference in pronunciation.\n\nPronunciation is a very tricky question because there is no absolutely correct\npronunciation. \nDue to accent and regional dialects different people may pronounce in\ndifferent ways.\n\nWhat most people think as Japanese language is actually the Tokyo dialect. \nThat is why dictionaries do not record the pronunciation of words beyond the\nhiragana. \nAccording to the dictionary 箸 and 橋 should be pronounced equally as はし. Any\ndifference beyond that is due to regional accent.\n\nThe same thing happens with English. There is no way to determine the\nabsolutely correct pronunciation. Americans, British and Austalians may\npronounce in different ways.\n\nUnless of course you want to learn a specific accent. In that case you have to\npay attention to how words are pronounced in that accent.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T14:27:52.537",
"id": "41192",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T14:27:52.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "41190",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -5
},
{
"body": "Many dictionaries (even monolingual ones) do not show accents, but of course\nthere is something called \"standard accent of Japanese\" which you should\ngenerally respect.\n\nThe most authoritative source of the standard accent of Japanese words is\nprobably [日本語アクセント辞典 published by\nNHK](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4140113456/), but there are also some online\nfree accent dictionaries:\n\n * [OJAD Online Japanese Accent Dictionary](http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/eng/pages/home) \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TdOQx.png) \n(The site says you can listen to synthesized sample voice, but it doesn't work\non my browser for now)\n\n * [Japanese Accent Study Website](http://accent.u-biq.org/english.html) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GnNsd.png)\n\nMaybe you can also visit Google Translate, which also has a voice synthesizer.\nIt's far from perfect, but most of the time it should work fine with easy\nphrases. Apparently if you give it a context (e.g.,\n[橋を渡ります。箸を使って食べます。](https://translate.google.com/?hl=ja#ja/en/%E6%A9%8B%E3%82%92%E6%B8%A1%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82%E7%AE%B8%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%B9%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82))\nit can read them more fluently.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-26T06:11:25.843",
"id": "41219",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-26T06:11:25.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41190",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41190 | 41191 | 41191 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41563",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> おろかもの！！！この洞窟に入れるのは、ぼろをきた心のきよらかなわかもの、ただひとりだ！\n\nI need help in understanding what ぼろ means and the phrase/clause that follows.\n\nI still haven't figured out what きよらかな is.\n\nAlso, I believe おろかもの means \"fool\" or \"idiot\". It must be extremely degrading\nto be called that in a real conversation, doesn't it?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T17:21:45.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41197",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-09T02:45:20.453",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-25T23:49:46.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "A scene from the Disney story \"Aladdin\"",
"view_count": 349
} | [
{
"body": "おろかもの is very archaic so if someone uses it in a real conversation, it's\nalmost certainly a joke. An elderly person might use it without the joke\nelement, however.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T20:32:27.160",
"id": "41198",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T20:32:27.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "41197",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "As far as I can tell\n\n> おろかもの！！この洞窟に入れるのは、ぼろをきた心のきよらかなわかもの、ただひとりだ\n\nquite literally means: \"Fool!!!The only one who can enter this cave is a rag-\nwearing(ぼろをきた) and pure hearted(心 の 清らか) young man([若者]{わかもの})\".\n\nIn the Japanese sentence, \"can enter this cave\"(この洞窟に入れるのは) and \"only one\"(ただ\nひとりだ) are separated by said person's description(ぼろをきた心のきよらかなわかもの).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-09T02:45:20.453",
"id": "41563",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-09T02:45:20.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18999",
"parent_id": "41197",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41197 | 41563 | 41563 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41204",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am looking for the Japanese word, meaning some **technical diary** for\ndifferent types of machine, as for example a cutting machine or gluing\nmachine, or a machine making frames, etc.\n\nThis diary contains information **mainly about the repairs made**. It can also\ninclude information about problems which occurred with the machine, which is\nwaiting to be resolved. There are sometimes some technical information about\nthese machines, but not always. This type of diary is necessary for every\nmachine, being used in a factory.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T22:39:21.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41201",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-26T10:42:25.760",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-26T10:42:25.760",
"last_editor_user_id": "3073",
"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese word for some kind of a technical diary for a machine (＝機械)\"?",
"view_count": 265
} | [
{
"body": "> This diary contains information mainly about the repairs made.\n\nAt the machinery manufacturer I used to work for, we called it 「修理履歴{しゅうりりれき}」\nor 「修理日誌{しゅうりにっし}」, and IIRC, we used the former more often.\n\nFYI, the kind of diary that the workers kept mainly about what they produced\ndaily was called 「作業日誌{さぎょうにっし}」 or 「加工{かこう}日誌」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-25T23:59:40.897",
"id": "41204",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-25T23:59:40.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41201",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41201 | 41204 | 41204 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41216",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "After getup, I usually washing my face, brush my teeth, take a shower, hand\nwashing, and do something just to clear my body. Is there a word or phrase in\nJapanese that describle all thing we do in the bathroom at the morning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-26T02:06:46.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41206",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-26T06:00:47.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"daily-life"
],
"title": "How to call the stuffs you usually do (in bathroom) after get up at the morning?",
"view_count": 76
} | [
{
"body": "The first phrase that comes to mind is:\n\n> 「朝{あさ}の身支度{みじたく}」 or 「毎朝{まいあさ}の身支度」\n\nWhat that consists of will differ from person to person and a shower may or\nmay not be included because more people in Japan bathe or shower in the\nevening than in the morning.\n\nIn any case, if you used one of those phrases, every Japanese-speaker would\nknow what you are talking about.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-26T06:00:47.217",
"id": "41216",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-26T06:00:47.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41206",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 41206 | 41216 | 41216 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41208",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently ran into this term, which is apparently a hairstyle (Google has\nsome images if you need). Does anyone know:\n\n 1. How it is meant to be Romanized (Gibson Tack? Gibson Tac/k?)\n 2. Where the term comes from?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-26T02:26:55.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41207",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-26T02:38:12.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Where Does ギブソンタック Come from?",
"view_count": 80
} | [
{
"body": "It's a Gibson tuck, named after artist Charles Dana Gibson's \"Gibson Girl\".\n\n_Tuck_ here is just the English word _tuck_ , which I assume you're familiar\nwith. Here's a summary from [a random website I found on\nGoogle](https://kinarino.jp/cat5-%E7%BE%8E%E5%AE%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%82%A2/8462-%E8%B6%85%E7%B0%A1%E5%8D%98%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AB%E5%8F%AF%E6%84%9B%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A8%E3%82%81%E9%AB%AA%E2%99%A5%E3%80%8C%E3%82%AE%E3%83%96%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B5%E3%81%AA%E3%83%98%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8):\n\n>\n> ギブソンタックは、19世紀のアメリカの画家、チャールズ・ダナ・ギブソンが描く女性が「ギブソン・ガール」が由来。ギブソンの描くギブソンガールは、美しく自立した女性像として19世紀の終わりから20世紀初頭に、アメリカの多くの女性の間で支持を得たのだそう。タック（tuck）は「入れ込む」という意味があり、内側に髪の毛を入れ込んでいることから。「ギブソンロール」とも呼ばれます。\n\nYou can find more about it in English by searching for \"Gibson tuck\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-26T02:38:12.680",
"id": "41208",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-26T02:38:12.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41207",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41207 | 41208 | 41208 |
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