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{
"accepted_answer_id": "41487",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 君が買うんじゃない?\n\nAren't you the one going to buy?\n\n> 君が買うんじゃなかった?\n\nWeren't you the one going to buy?\n\n> 君が買ったんじゃない?\n\nIsn't it that You are the one that bought it?\n\n> 君が買ったんじゃなかった?\n\nwasn't it that you are the one that bought it?\n\nSeriously what are the differences? I've been struggling for weeks. Can\nsomeone explain using real life situations on when to use them (all 4) with\ndetails?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T03:51:14.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41486",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T06:05:57.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "んじゃない vs んじゃなかった in questions",
"view_count": 539
} | [
{
"body": "> 君が買うんじゃない? \n> ≒ 君が買うんじゃなかった? \n> ≒ Aren't you the one who will buy it?\n>\n> 君が買ったんじゃない? \n> ≒ 君が買ったんじゃなかった? \n> ≒ Aren't you the one who bought it?\n\nThe difference between 買う and 買った should be straightforward; whether you will\nbuy it in the future or you bought it in the past.\n\nThe use of た at the end of the sentence should be the tricky part, and it does\nnot describe something in the past, at least directly. Basically, using the\nta-form in a sentence like this would make the sentence sound more\neuphemistic, mild, less-confident, or \"polite\".\n\nSee:\n\n * [「どちら様でしたか？」 - why past form?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17649/5010)\n * [Why does the waiter use past tense here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18253/5010) — some people hate this kind of unnecessarily indirect speech being used too frequently\n\nBy the way, a typical reaction to these questions would be 「あ、そうだっ **た** 」\n(≒\"Oh, that **is** right.\"), also using the \"past tense\". [Here's\nwhy](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/another-function-of-the-ta-\nform-discovery-and-recall/).\n\nEnglish speakers also often use the \"past tense\" when they want to say\nsomething politely and indirectly. Compare \"I wonder if you can ...\" and \"I\nwas wondering if you could ...\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T04:57:14.793",
"id": "41487",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T06:05:57.797",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41486",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41486 | 41487 | 41487 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence\n\n> 言ってみただけだよ\n\nand it is translated to\n\n> I'm just tried to say / I'm just saying\n\nI don't understand why and I have a feeling it's because of みた. I know that みた\nis \"to see\" in the past, but maybe it's something else here?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T08:58:47.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41488",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T09:25:00.303",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-06T09:20:53.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "11679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Help me understand 言ってみただけだよ",
"view_count": 328
} | [
{
"body": "〜てみた is the past tense of 〜てみる \"to try to [verb]\", e.g.\n\n> 食べてみる \n> to try to eat / to taste / to try [some food]\n\n言ってみただけ usually means something like \"just kidding\". Of course, literally it\nmeans \"I only tried to say it [because I thought it might be funny]\".\n\nIt's also a common way to backtrack and try to turn an inappropriate comment\ninto something you \"only said for fun\", and it's usually not clear whether or\nnot you were serious at the time.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T09:17:22.623",
"id": "41490",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T09:25:00.303",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-06T09:25:00.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "41488",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 41488 | null | 41490 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> アメリカへ行ったことがある。(lit: I have been to America.)\n\nWhich is the correct other translation?\n\nA: There **is** a time when I went to America.\n\nB: There **was** a time when I went to America.\n\nBonus question: Is it possible to say アメリカへ行ったことがあった or アメリカへ行ったことがなかった ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T09:13:05.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41489",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-07T05:01:14.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The correct English translation for ～ことがある",
"view_count": 692
} | [
{
"body": "> ことがある\n\nMeans : There is\n\nThat usage is meant to say : There is such an event in my life where X\nhappened.\n\nUnless you got the power to travel through time and change history,\n\n> アメリカへ行ったことがあった\n\nIs impossible. \nIt would mean you had the experience of going there, but you don't have it\nanymore.\n\nOn the other hand\n\n> アメリカへ行ったことがなかった\n\nIs quite natural. \nIt means that until you went, you had never been there.(It was your first\ntime.)\n\nAs far as English go. I feel like \"there was\" would have a similar meaning to\n\"there is\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T10:04:27.523",
"id": "41492",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-07T05:01:14.803",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-07T05:01:14.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "18142",
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "41489",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
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{
"body": "The ことがある grammar structure can be used with both a past and a non-past verb\nform, but with different meaning.\n\nFor the meaning you wish to convey, we can use a past tense verb: **Vpast\n+ことがある**\n\nIt means literally something like \"there was a time when...\"\n\nBut in terms of English translation, it is best looked at in question form\nfirst.\n\n> アメリカへ行ったことがありますか\n\nis the equivalent of \"Have you ever been to America?\" Making a statement with\nthese grammar therefore means that you have done or experienced something\nbefore.\n\n> アメリカへ行ったことがあります\n\n- \"I have been to America (and that experience has stayed with me)\"\n\nThis is different from アメリカへ行きました which simply means \"I went to America\"\n\nUsing **Vnon-past +ことがある** expresses something like \"there are times when...\"\nand expresses that something happens from time to time.\n\nFor example\n\n> 朝ごはんを食べずに学校に行くことがあります\n\n- \"There are times when I go to school without eating breakfast\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T12:48:25.933",
"id": "41495",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T12:48:25.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7953",
"parent_id": "41489",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I would say that either translation could be used, especially as an\nintermediate translation before tidying up the language. For the final\ntranslation, though, it is likely that I would use the much simpler \"I have\nbeen to America [before].\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T23:46:57.433",
"id": "41512",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T23:46:57.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "16022",
"parent_id": "41489",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41489 | null | 41495 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41494",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm re-reading/translating a section of 金原ひとみ's 星へ落ちる for a translation course\nI'm taking and ran into the following sentence:\n\n> 彼がこの家にいない時、私は彼があの人と食事しているところとあの人とセックスしているところを想像 **しまいと**\n> 、延々タバコを吸っては自分を無意味なものへ変えていく。\n\nI've never run into this usage of しまい before and am curious about why it's\nbeing used here. A quick web search brings up mostly the phrase 「しようとしまいと」, so\nI've parsed it in this sentence as the equivalent of 「しない」, meaning that it's\nthe -まい form of する and making the sentence read as something along the lines\nof \"When he isn't home, if I don't imagine him sharing a meal or having sex\nwith that person, I endlessly smoke cigarettes and drift into a meaningless\nexistence.\"\n\nSo I guess my questions are:\n\n 1. Did I parse this sentence correctly?\n 2. Is there any particular reason for this usage of -まい? The novel consists mostly of a woman's inner dialogue and isn't at all formal, so this felt a little out of place.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T09:58:15.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41491",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T14:44:06.650",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-06T12:46:08.413",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18701",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"negation",
"volitional-form",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Curious about the phrase \"しまいと\" in a book I'm reading",
"view_count": 155
} | [
{
"body": "You can forget the (よ)うと～まいと～ pattern described\n[here](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=\\(yo\\)uto~mai%2C%20\\(yo\\)uga~mai)\nfor now. This まい simply expresses a negative volition (\"I will not ～\" or \"I\nwill try not to ～\") described\n[here](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=mai-1), followed by the\nquotative particle と. The sentence says \"I try not to imagine the scene where\nhe ...\" You can rephrase it as 想像しないようにしようと(思って), although it's a bit long.\nThe rule for using まい is found\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/adv_volitional.html) (I don't know if we\ncan call this \"mai-form\").\n\nThis まい is indeed literary (as opposed to colloquial), and tends to appear in\nwritten documents. But I feel it's not particularly formal. I haven't read\nthis novel, but in a typical novel, there is nothing unnatural when you see まい\nin descriptive texts.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T12:03:17.583",
"id": "41494",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T14:44:06.650",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-06T14:44:06.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41491",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41491 | 41494 | 41494 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41498",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I started learning Japanese Keigo and there is something that is really\nconfusing me. Assume I am talking to my supervisor so I will talk about myself\nusing 謙譲語 and address him with 尊敬語.\n\nThen what is the case that I am neither talking about my self nor about my\nsupervisor what should I use? for example I am telling him that japan has a\nrare cultural. how would I address a third party?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T13:41:33.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41496",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T15:25:47.127",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-06T14:58:14.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "11664",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"keigo"
],
"title": "Keigo: if the question doesn't concern neither the speaker nor the listener which form should i write",
"view_count": 123
} | [
{
"body": "尊敬語 and 謙譲語 are both unnecessary when you talk about inanimate things like\nJapanese culture, your friends of equal status, etc. Just use the plain\nversions of verbs. For example, even when you talk with someone far higher\nthan you, you can simply say 友達が言いました, instead of [×]友達がおっしゃいました (using 尊敬語)\nor [×]友達がもうしあげました (using 謙譲語). Likewise you should say 日本は珍しい文化を有しています instead\nof [×]日本は珍しい文化をお有しになっています.\n\nThat said, whenever you talk with your superior, you should stick to 丁寧語\n(polite speech, e.g., using です/ます).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T15:25:47.127",
"id": "41498",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T15:25:47.127",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41496",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 41496 | 41498 | 41498 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have always had problems with sentences ending in ”を”\n\nFor example: それで後任を？\n\n(a) Who is the subject? (b) What is the object? It is confusing because it\nended with a \"を\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T15:46:01.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41500",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-07T01:36:44.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "sentences ending in \"を\"",
"view_count": 1751
} | [
{
"body": "Unless you show us the full context, it is almost impossible to guess what it\nmeans as the sentence has only three pieces of information.\n\n 1. それで means because of that or therefore. We can assume the other party mentioned something about his/her successor [後任]{こうにん}. \n\n 2. 後任 means a successor. It is the object of a next action which is elided. \n\n 3. を is a particle that indicates the word before it is probably an object of the next transitive verb. \n\nWithout any context, we can never know what (which verb after を) is implied.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T16:21:24.073",
"id": "41502",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-06T16:21:24.073",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12259",
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"post_type": "answer",
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{
"body": "> (a) Who is the subject?\n\nIt must be decided from the context. It's perhaps \"you\", but it can be \"he\",\n\"they\", or whatever, depending on the context.\n\n> (b) What is the object?\n\nThe object is 後任, of course. を is the object marker. The corresponding verb is\nimplied and omitted.\n\n* * *\n\nGenerally speaking, a sentence that ends with を tends to have an implied verb\nthat relates to desire, wish or wanting. Without any context, an (incomplete)\nsentence like \"自由を!\" makes perfect sense, and it means \"Give Us Freedom!\".\n\nSee: [Does the particle \"を\" (wo) have a special use when at the end of a\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1209/5010)\n\nAll in all, if I have to guess the meaning of this incomplete sentence without\nany further context, it would be \"So that's why you want a successor?\"\nDepending on the context, however, it can mean \"So that's why the president\nfired his successor?\" or \"Is that the weapon that she's gonna kill the\nsuccessor with?\" or anything.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T01:36:44.953",
"id": "41514",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-07T01:36:44.953",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41500",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41500 | null | 41514 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41513",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[relative-clauses]\nのタグをなんとなく眺めてみました。これは、直訳すれば「関係詞節」らしいですが、日本語にこのような文法は存在しますか？というのも、いまいち日本語の文法でこのような文節を意識したことがなく、はたして日本語の文法において関係詞節なるものが存在するのかふと疑問に思ったからです。そして、試しに\nGoogle で検索すると英文法についてのサイトがひたすらヒットします。\n\n存在する場合は、例えばどのような文章のどのような用法になりますか？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T16:43:13.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41503",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-08T00:45:01.373",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-06T16:48:47.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "10859",
"owner_user_id": "10859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "日本語における relative clause (関係詞節?) とは？",
"view_count": 17910
} | [
{
"body": "relative-clausesの[Tag Info](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/tags/relative-\nclauses/info)を確認すると次のようにありました。\n\n> 連体修飾節（関係節）. A type of subordinate clause which modifies a noun phrase.\n\n実際に「連体修飾節」という語で検索してみると、日本語の文法に関するページが多数ヒットしました。\n\nまた、いくつかのページ（[例1](https://www.google.co.jp/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0ahUKEwipyO2qjuDQAhUOPrwKHbqIAXwQFggmMAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftakayukiishii.com%2F%25E6%2597%25A5%25E6%259C%25AC%25E8%25AA%259E%25E3%2581%25AB%25E9%2596%25A2%25E4%25BF%2582%25E8%25A9%259E%25E3%2581%258C%25E5%25AD%2598%25E5%259C%25A8%25E3%2581%2597%25E3%2581%25AA%25E3%2581%2584%25E7%2590%2586%25E7%2594%25B1-%25E6%2584%258F%25E5%2591%25B3%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%2596%25A2%25E9%2580%25A3%25E6%2580%25A7-159.html&usg=AFQjCNHN0dVbYzW514gJz3lmSAuXVh9nBw&sig2=uC0fGa5LaYy97NvUUJ6Kfg&bvm=bv.140496471,d.dGc&cad=rja)、[例2](http://www.ravco.jp/cat/view.php?cat_id=4457)、[例3](http://www.eibunpou.net/12/front.html)）では、日本語には関係（代名）詞なる品詞は存在しない、と説明しているところもありました。\n\nそのため、日本語の文法においては「連体修飾節」という語で認識したほうが良さそうな気がします。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-06T17:52:37.410",
"id": "41505",
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},
{
"body": "日本語にも関係節にあたるものは存在します。日本人が関係節を意識しないのは、単純にネイティブスピーカーは母語の文法なんて意識せずに使っているからです（特別なトレーニングを受けていない英語のネイティブスピーカーは\na と the\nの区別をうまく説明できません）。Googleで検索しても日本語文法の情報が上位にヒットしないのは、単純に日本人がその単語を検索するときはたいてい英文法の情報を求めているからです。\n\n英語話者向けの日本語の関係節の説明記事には、例えば以下のようなものがあります。\n\n * [Relative clauses distinguishing whom/with which/that](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14541/5010)\n * [Wasabi: Japanese Relative Clauses](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-relative-clauses/)\n\n日本語の関係節には、以下のようなパターンがあります。\n\n> 1. **噂を聞いた人** the person who heard the rumor \n> （「人」は「聞いた」の主語）\n> 2. **私が聞いた噂** the rumor which I heard \n> （「噂」は「聞いた」の目的語）\n> 3. **私が衝撃を受けた噂** the rumor by which I was shocked \n> （「噂(に)」は「受けた」の主語でも目的語でもなく、副詞的修飾語）\n> 4. **彼が結婚した噂** the rumor that he married \n> （「噂」は「彼が結婚した」の主語でも目的語でもなく、関係節は噂の内容説明）\n>\n\n日本語の関係節を英語の関係節と比較しつつ特徴を述べると、以下のような感じになります。\n\n * 英語と日本語では語順が大きく異なります。日本語では被修飾語は関係節（修飾節）の「後」に来ます。これはまあ当たり前ですね。日本語は大事な成分を最後に持っていく言語です（[主要部終端型言語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%83%A8)）。\n * 英語には「関係代名詞/関係副詞」 (which, that, whom, when, where, why, whose, ...) というものが存在し、これにより被修飾語（先行詞）と関係節との文法的関係性を明示するのですが、日本語にはこれにあたる語は存在しません。基本的には、「関係節を作る前の元の文」から要素を後ろに動かして助詞を **省く** だけで、たいていの日本語の関係節は作ることができます。乱暴に言えば被修飾語と関係節とはそれこそ意味的に関係さえしていればいいので、「聞いた時間」と「聞いた理由」と「聞いた場所」と「聞いた内容」と「聞いた人」は、日本語だと同じに見えます。このシンプルさが、逆に日本人が日本語の関係節を意識しづらい理由なのかもしれません。\n * 基本的には、関係節の中で、助詞の「は」は使われず、代わりに「が」が使われます。\n\n> 私 **は** 本を読んだ。 → 私 **が** 読んだ本（は面白かった。）\n\nこれは、「は」は文全体の話題を取り立てて示すのに使われる助詞であり、関係節は本質的に文全体の話題ではないからです。ただし「は」には「対照性\n(contrast)\nを示す」という別の大きな役割があるので、[こういう文](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19461/5010)は存在することがあります。\n\n * さらに、関係節中では、多くの場合に主語を示す「が」を、[「の」に置き換えることができます](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/5010)。意味はほぼ全く変わりません。 \n\n> 私 **が** 読んだ本 ＝ 私 **の** 読んだ本\n\n日本語では関係代名詞/副詞で文法的役割を明示しないため、ときどき意味が曖昧になることがあり、日本語学習者が悩むことになります。relative-\nclauseのタグを追っているならもう気づいているかもしれませんが、「太郎が好きな花子」というフレーズは、文脈によって「太郎のことが好きな花子\n(Hanako who likes Taro)」と「太郎が好いている花子 (Hanako whom Taro\nlikes)」の両方の意味をとりえます。「紹介した人」というフレーズを見た場合も、この「人」が主語なのか目的語なのか副詞的なのか曖昧なので、英語に翻訳する時には\n\"the person who introduced someone\" なのか \"the person whom someone introduced\"\nなのか \"the person to whom someone introduced\" なのか、文脈によって決定する必要があります。\n\nこういう文法構造は、「英語話者が第2言語として日本語を学ぶ」というサイトでは、ほぼ一貫して relative clause\nと呼ばれていると思います。ただし、いわゆる「国文法」においてこういう文法構造がどう呼ばれているのかは、よく知りません。本居宣長は別の説明をしていたかもしれませんし、「連体修飾節」とか、別の名前がついているかもしれません。（日本人が中学校で学ぶ文法と、外国人が日本語を学ぶときの文法用語にはかなりの乖離があります。まあ後者の方が外国人にとっては合理的なことが多いんですけど）",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 41503 | 41513 | 41513 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42615",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Consider the situation in which an employer dislikes one of his employees. The\nemployee is always condemned by the employer for whatever the employee does.\nIn other words, even though the employee does a good result, he is still\ncondemned.\n\nIs there a single phrase, word, or even proverb for \"always being condemned\"\nin Japanese?\n\nI want to convert the following\n\n> 僕は何をしても、いつも非難される。\n\nto\n\n> 僕は「the phrase in question」です。\n\nor\n\n> 僕は「the phrase in question] になる/する/させる/される。\n\nor something like these. Proverb is also welcome!\n\nNote: It is not necessarily the relation between employer and the employee.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T17:52:33.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-07T00:46:35.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Looking for a single phrase, word or even proverb for \"always being condemned for whatever someone does\"",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "My choice would be\n\n> \"僕は「雇｛やと｝い主｛ぬし｝」or「上司｛じょうし｝」の **嫌｛きら｝われ者｛もの｝です** 。”\n\nTranslated,\n\n> I am an employee always shunned by my employer / boss.\n\nHave a good day.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T21:27:19.357",
"id": "41508",
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{
"body": "I think you'd normally say...\n\n「僕は、何を｛しても/やっても｝（いつも）｛文句を言われる/ケチをつけられる/怒られる/叱られる/責められる｝。」\n\nI don't think we have a single phrase, set phrase or proverb to say this, I'm\nafraid...\n\n(Maybe 「僕は（～～に）[目]{め}の[敵]{かたき}にされている」?)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-17T15:58:03.670",
"id": "42615",
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"score": 1
}
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| 41504 | 42615 | 41508 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41507",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is this correct, is the idea correct?\n\n> メキシコの国語はスペイン語です \n> Spanish is the national language in Mexico\n\nThe translators do not show if it can be used like this, also I have seen that\nit is used to refer to the Japanese language, is it the same to say:\n\n日本語 equals to 国語 ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T18:32:59.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41506",
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"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "10075",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Correct use of 国語",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "The dictionary tells us:\n\n> [１\n> 一国の主体をなす民族が、共有し、広く使用している言語。その国の公用語・共通語。](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/76750/meaning/m0u/%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E/) \n> Language shared and widely used by the people of a country. The official\n> language of this country.\n\nSo your sentence is correct.\n\nThe second entry:\n\n> ２ 日本の言語。日本語。\n\nmade clear that without context 国語 means 日本語 as you assumed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T18:57:45.273",
"id": "41507",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
]
| 41506 | 41507 | 41507 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 魚が好きな人。\n>\n> 人は魚が好きだ。\n\nWhat is the difference between these two sentences?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T22:54:02.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41510",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-23T18:12:54.093",
"last_edit_date": "2022-08-23T18:12:54.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18873",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-order",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "Difference between two sentences: 魚が好きな人 and 人は魚が好きだ",
"view_count": 206
} | [
{
"body": "> 魚が好きな人。\n\nIt's not a sentence, there is no predicate. It's a noun phrase meaning \"a\nperson who likes fish\", or if the general subject where this expression\nappeared is a comparison between different animal species (including human)\n\"fish-liking human(kind)\".\n\n> 人は魚が好きだ。\n\nThis on the other hand is a full sentence. \"Human(kind) like fish\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-06T23:16:48.507",
"id": "41511",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11104",
"parent_id": "41510",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I agree with macraf. They have a few differences.\n\n> 魚が好きな人\n\nThis is a noun phrase because there is no predicate (述語).\n\n> 人は魚が好きだ。\n\nThis is a sentence because it ends with a predicate, na-adjective 好きだ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T13:08:55.717",
"id": "41522",
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}
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| 41510 | null | 41511 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "Would the character for it involve the radicals for \"metal\", \"sun\", and\n\"source\"? The few references to it I've seen all use only katakana.\n\nWould such a character have an \"archaic\" reading of something like ひもとがね in\nthe fashion that 鉄 has the archaic reading of くろがね?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T01:57:52.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41515",
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"owner_user_id": "18973",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "How would \"nihonium\" be written in Japanese Kanji?",
"view_count": 2403
} | [
{
"body": "All elements that do not have their own native Japanese word, such as oxygen\nor iron, etc., are just transliterated from the English name (mostly). So\nnihonium would just be ニホニウム. This is especially the case for the superheavy\nsynthetic elements since they have all been discovered recently and thus would\nnot have their own dedicated word in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T02:01:44.450",
"id": "41516",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-07T02:01:44.450",
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},
{
"body": "Unlike Chinese, modern foreign words are rarely transliterated into kanji.\nBecause Nihonium is not a Japanese word in origin (though Nihon is indeed\nJapan, adding the suffix of -ium makes it a foreign word), and therefore\nwritten in katakana. There are some words, as you point out, like 鉄 that have\nalternate readings, and words for elements which were used prior to an\nawareness of the periodic table of elements, or the modern practice of\ntransliterating ALL foreign words to katakana, and ARE written in kanji.\nだから日本語はおもしろい！",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T11:15:45.467",
"id": "41519",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-07T11:15:45.467",
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},
{
"body": "There won't be new kanji for the elements in Japanese.\n\nFor Chinese, however, there's a call on naming (and writing) the new elements\n[by the China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and\nTechnologies](http://www.cnctst.cn/xwdt/zhxw/201611/t20161117_354742.html).\n\nFrom the Babelfish:\n\n> ( 1) According to the principle of creating new words as little as possible,\n> Make the word, try to use the existing ancient word. \n> ( 2 ) selection or new Chinese characters should be in line with national\n> norms. \n> ( 3 ) to meet the shape of the characters as the main character writing\n> features to reflect the nature of the element, pronunciation close to the\n> international naming. ( 4 ) to avoid the same name with the previous\n> elements, to avoid the use of polyphonic. ( 5 ) the use of simplified\n> characters, to avoid using weird words, use less strokes of the word. \n> ( 6 ) In order to avoid ambiguity, word selection should try to avoid the\n> life of common words and has been used as other industry-specific Chinese\n> characters. \n> ( 7 ) as far as possible the use of simple and uncompromising words, in\n> order to facilitate the cross-strait and the Chinese circle of scientific\n> and technical terms of unity.\n\nTaiwan may or may not find their own names and characters.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T00:01:04.163",
"id": "41578",
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},
{
"body": "I think if they did have a word for nihonium, it be 日本イウム, as 日本 is Japan and\nイウム is ium. But this is just what I think personally.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T18:44:31.713",
"id": "43020",
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"score": -2
},
{
"body": "Chinese continues to create Kanji for newly discovered elements. You should\nrefer to the Chinese character for any new element if you want to write it\nusing Kanji. For Nihonium the Chinese character has been set as 鉨 (pinyin:\nnǐ).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-07T07:36:22.380",
"id": "48122",
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| 41515 | null | 41516 |
{
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"body": "There's a difference of one kanji between the two words, and the meaning is\nclose enough that I'd almost say these are interchangeable words. However, I'm\nstill curious to know what difference, if any, exists between these two terms.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-07T04:51:28.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41517",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-07T17:19:23.170",
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"owner_user_id": "12154",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 検索 and 探索?",
"view_count": 549
} | [
{
"body": "検索 means \"to search in Google / e.t.c.\" (mainly by using a computer)\n\n探索 means \"to search something in a big and open space (e.g. for treasure or a\nculprit).\n\nYou can find more here: <http://honnowa.exblog.jp/8301459/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T05:18:25.983",
"id": "41518",
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"score": 7
},
{
"body": "検索 = search index or look over\n\n探索 = more like explore",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T17:03:04.487",
"id": "41527",
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| 41517 | null | 41518 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41524",
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"body": "I'm looking for the Japanese text of the following\n[haiku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiku), maybe written by [Sasaki\nSadako](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadako_Sasaki) :\n\n> Statute of A-bomb child\n>\n> she seems as if walking\n>\n> after a butterfly\n\nI found the English text [here](http://war-\nhaiku.tempslibres.org/poets/ys.html). The author may be Sasaki Sadako (see the\nmention \"Sadoka Sasaki - a thousand of cranes\") or Yasuhiko Shigemoto (but I\ndon't see this haiku [in the texts written by this author and available\nonline](http://www.fureai-ch.ne.jp/%7Ehaiku/)).\n\nI guess \"Statute of A-bomb child\" is the translation of\n[\"原爆の子の像\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Peace_Monument) (seven\n[morae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora_\\(linguistics\\))).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T13:05:22.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41521",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-07T14:48:02.193",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4550",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"poetry",
"haiku"
],
"title": "looking for a haiku maybe written by Sasaki Sadako",
"view_count": 314
} | [
{
"body": "[Disclaimer: This might crush your dream.]\n\nFirst of all, here are the facts - if I can trust Wiki, that is.\n\nThe haiku in question could **_not_** have been written by 佐々木禎子{ささきさだこ}. Why\nnot? That is because Sasaki died in **1955** and the statue was completed in\n**1958** to commemorate Sasaki and other kids. Sasaki simply could not have\nwritten a poem inspired by the statue as she never saw it herself.\n\nSecondly, my gut feeling as a Japanese-speaker more than anything. (That means\nyou can take it or leave it.)\n\nIt would be safe to say that the haiku was written by 重本泰彦{しげもとやすひろ} though I\ncould not find it anywhere online and **_it was written in English in the\nfirst place_**. Thus, there exists no such thing as the Japanese original.\nShigemoto seems to have written many haiku in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-07T14:48:02.193",
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}
]
| 41521 | 41524 | 41524 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 何がしますか？\n>\n> 何をしますか？\n\nI always get these confused. The second I read as `What will you do?` or `What\nare you doing?` Literally, it could be `You are doing what?`\n\nThe first one though, in my head, I can translate the same way. Though I know\nit's not the same.\n\nWhat's the difference?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T14:46:04.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41523",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-07T16:03:37.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 何が and 何を in a question?",
"view_count": 1244
} | [
{
"body": "**が is a subject marker and を is an object marker.**\n\nIn the first sentence the subject is 何が. And the object of します is not\nspecified.\n\nOn the other hand, in the second sentence the subject is not specified. It may\nor may not be `you`, depending on the context. Instead the object of します is\nclearly indicated by the object marker を.\n\n* * *\n\nSo, the first sentence literally translates as something like `What will do?`\nor it may mean \"What is the agent that will do?\" It doesn't really make sense\nas we don't know _what_ the agent is supposed to do. This is absolutely\ndifferent from `What will you do?`",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T15:32:37.237",
"id": "41526",
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| 41523 | null | 41526 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41534",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm wondering, how would a Japanese person fill out a Yes/No checklist?\n\nFor example, say I have a list of things to remember. I'd mark them as such:\n\n * Get spare key ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ Y\n * Remove items from trunk ・・・・・ P\n * Check tire pressure ・・・・・・・・・ NA\n * Call dealer ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ N\n\nWhere (probably obviously) Y is yes, N is no, P is partial, and NA is not\napplicable.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-07T18:51:48.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41529",
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"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "How do Japanese people mark checklists?",
"view_count": 374
} | [
{
"body": "When Japanese people have to distinguish _yes_ , _no_ , _partial_ and _N/A_ ,\nthey mainly use the symbols `○`, `×`, `△` and `－`, respectively.\n\nSee: [What do the shapes △ ◯ ╳ ◻ mean in Japanese? And are there variations in\nmeaning, depending on whether or not the shape is\nfilled?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38508/5010)\n\nIn simple ToDo lists where a user marks _done_ as opposed to _undone_ , a\ncheckmark `✔` is also commonly used.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-08T00:53:28.130",
"id": "41534",
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| 41529 | 41534 | 41534 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41542",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I have seen this relatively intricate sentence on a website and tried to\ntranslate it into Japanese, but at this point I have no other way to know if\nit's any good.\n\nHere is the original sentence in French:\n\n> Elle a grandi dans la religion de la gastronomie de prestige qu'elle a su\n> adapter à l'époque actuelle, si bien que de sa cuisine peuvent sortir des\n> chefs-d'œuvre.\n\nIt's translation in English: (not mine)\n\n> She grew up in the religion of the prestigious gastronomy which she updated\n> to nowadays standard, so that master pieces can come out of her kitchen.\n\nSince there is no context, I thought it would be correct to put \"彼女は\". Here's\nmy attempt:\n\n> 「彼女は名誉な美食の宗教で育って、それを現代の基準に適応する方法を知っていた。このように、傑作が出られます。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T19:49:18.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41530",
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"owner_user_id": "18641",
"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "彼女は名誉な美食の宗教で育って、それを現代の基準に適応する方法を知っていた。このように、傑作が出られます",
"view_count": 520
} | [
{
"body": "Some points\n\n 1. 宗教 means religion in the sense of spiritual activity and it doesn't make sense here. 流派 or something would work.\n 2. Inanimate subjects (\"masterpieces\" in this case) don't take potential verbs. \"Can come out\" should be translated into just 出る, 出て来る or できる (note; not potential) instead of 出られる here.\n 3. 名誉な almost only modifies one's act/behavior or events and means \"honorable\".\n 4. A so that B is rendered into AのでB or BようにA.\n\nWith these things put together, I'd write\n\n> 彼女は高名な美食の流派で育ち、それを現代の基準に適応させる方法を知っていたので（このように）自分の厨房から傑作が出るのだ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T02:18:08.250",
"id": "41542",
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| 41530 | 41542 | 41542 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41541",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Said before looking at a box of animals to see if they are still alive:\n\n> 「今ならまだ一匹しか死んでいない **もの** が、次の日にはまた一匹死んでしまうかもよ」 \n> If I (look) now there will still be only one dead, but the next day another\n> might end up dead.\n\nI don't understand what もの does here.\n\nActually I think I must have messed up the first clause altogether, since we\ndon't yet know if any of them are dead. Literally I translate this as \"As yet,\nwith the exception of one, they are not dead\".",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-07T21:09:18.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41531",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-12T02:18:38.097",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-12T02:18:38.097",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"formal-nouns"
],
"title": "Use of もの in this sentence",
"view_count": 335
} | [
{
"body": "> 今ならまだ一匹しか死んでいないものが、次の日にはまた一匹死んでしまうかもよ \n> Only one is dead for now, but the next day another one may die.\n\nThis ものが is relatively rare, and it's a kind of connector which implies the\nmentioned situation would change in the next clause.\n\nHere are some similar examples taken from BCCWJ:\n\n> * 単に知名度の高い屋号として当時から芝居などで使われていたものが、特定のＴＶドラマの影響で「悪徳商人＝越後屋」というイメージが生まれてしまった\n>\n> * 石油価格が一バーレル＝二ドル足らずであったものが、みるみるうちに八ドル、一二ドル、一八ドル、そして最高時には三二ドルへとはね上がっ…\n>\n> * …を実施し、適期防除を心がけてみたところ、以前は七〜八回、多い時は十回位散布してい\n> たものが、八五年は三回ですませることができ、息子から「農薬散布はいつしたね」といわれる…\n>\n>\n\nI think you may use \"what was (previously) A is now B\" or \"what is (now) A\nwill be B\" when possible, but it's probably okay to translate this just as\n\"but\" or \"～のだが\".\n\nもの has many idiomatic usages (for example,\n[～だものだ](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=tamonoda) and\n[ものを](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=monowo)) and such もの vaguely\nrefers to some situation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T01:46:09.990",
"id": "41541",
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}
]
| 41531 | 41541 | 41541 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41536",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm not sure about the meaning of this sentences:\n\n> ロリンズはヘル・イン・ア・セルPPVで俺がオーエンズに **無事勝利** したらこのリストを返してやる。\n\nIs it saying that at ヘル・イン・ア・セルPPV, ロリンズ is going to return the リスト if he gets\na clean victory over オーエンズ, because in the original broadcast(this is a\nJapanese translation of a wrestling broadcast) it says a different thing(it\nnever anything about ロリンズ giving back the リスト after ヘル・イン・ア・セルPPV). I don't\nthink 無事 is an adjective because adj + noun + する is ungrammatical.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T00:58:32.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41535",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Help parsing 無事勝利",
"view_count": 176
} | [
{
"body": "無事勝利 is two words. Here 無事 is used as an adverb which means \"without trouble\"\nor \"safely\". 勝利 is a simple suru-verb that means \"to win\".\n\n無事 here is interchangeable with 無事に. I think you already know how to turn a\nno- or na-adjective into an adverb by adding に. Some words work as standalone\nadverbs without に as well as standard adjectives.\n\n * 絶対に = 絶対 = absolutely: 絶対に勝利する = 絶対勝利する\n * 突然に = 突然 = suddenly: 突然に思い出す = 突然思い出す\n * 大変に = 大変 = very/strongly: 大変にありがたい = 大変ありがたい\n\nHowever 確実 (certain) and 唐突 (sudden) do _not_ work as standalone adverbs. It\ndepends.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T01:11:58.080",
"id": "41536",
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"score": 6
}
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| 41535 | 41536 | 41536 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41539",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I want to say:\n\n> Studying Japanese is difficult, but fun.\n\nI've come up with:\n\n> 勉強は日本語むずかし、でも楽しい。\n\nGoogle Translate seems to like it ok, but is this the correct structure? Seems\nlike it could be a bit backwards, but having \"study\" at the end didn't work\nout.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T01:15:09.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41537",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-08T09:50:58.273",
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"owner_user_id": "9841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "Studying Japanese is difficult, but fun",
"view_count": 4613
} | [
{
"body": "> 勉強は日本語むずかし、でも楽しい\n\nWould sort of translate as :\n\n> As for studying, Japanese is hard but fun.\n\nYou might want to try this :\n\n> 日本語の勉強はむずかしいですが、楽しいです。 \n> Studying Japanese is hard but fun.\n\nAlso, using Google translate as a reference is quite... unwise. Be careful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T01:33:00.817",
"id": "41538",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-08T07:14:49.780",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-08T07:14:49.780",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "(You forgot an い at the end of むずかしい, but this is not the main point of my\nanswer).\n\nLet's try to analyze your attempt. You say 勉強は hence you are making 勉強 the\ntopic, which kind of makes sense given what you want to express.\n\nHowever, what follows does not really make much sense. In fact, if you try to\nmake a grammatical analysis of the rest of the sentence, what is 日本語 here?\nThere is no particle nor any other structure to precisely identify its role in\nthe sentence. In other words, your try is grammatically wrong.\n\nWhat you probably want to do is to connect 日本語 with the 勉強 in order to express\n\"The study of the Japanese language\", that can be done using の:\n\n> 日本語の勉強は 。。。\n\nNow the topic is actually \"The study of the Japanese language\".\n\nThe rest of the sentence is quite OK. Just add むずかしい to describe it as\ndifficult and then add the \"but\" part. I probably would use けど here rather\nthan でも. It sounds more natural and conversational to me, but I am not a\nnative speaker so let's wait for other comments.\n\nAnyway, putting all together your sentence becomes:\n\n> 日本語の勉強はむずかしいけど、楽しい（よ）。\n\n(You probably can add the よ in the end for a little emphasis).\n\nAnother possibility, though maybe it goes a bit far from your attempt, is to\nchange it this way：\n\n> 日本語を勉強するのはむずかしい。でも、楽しい（よ）。\n\nOr as above with けど、 instead of 。でも、 \nI put the other first as I tried to stay close to your original attempt.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T01:33:37.667",
"id": "41539",
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{
"body": "Your current answer is grammatically incorrect, although I think someone could\nfigure out what you meant pretty easily.\n\nThe thing with 勉強 not wanting to work at the end has to do with it being a\nnoun. This is a word, however, that you can turn into a verb by tacking ～する\nonto the end. That gives you 勉強する, which means \"to study\" and is more in the\nvein you're looking for. We're not done yet though.\n\nBecause of the way you've phrased your sentence in English, the closest\ntranslation I can think of would be 「日本語を勉強するのは難しい、けど楽しい」. This phrasing is\nwhere we hit some new material. V+の translates literally to \"the thing of\nV-ing\" and allows you to describe actions as if they were noun clauses. This\nbit of grammar may be a tad advanced at the moment, but I'm sure you can\nhandle it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T01:38:17.883",
"id": "41540",
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}
]
| 41537 | 41539 | 41539 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw many questions regarding \"na\" at the end of a sentence; however, what\nabout at the end of a word? Consider these two sentences:\n\n> 1. Korewa ōki **na** kurumadesu. (これはおおき **な** くるまです) _This is a big car_.\n>\n> 2. Ōkii kurumadesu. (おおきいくるまです) _(This) is a big car._\n>\n>\n\nWhat does 'na' (bolded) have to do in this sentence?\n\nConsider this sentence too:\n\n> Korewa akai kurumadesu. (これはあかいくるまです) _This is a red car_.\n\nHow come 'na' is used in the first sentence but not in this one. Does 'na'\nmean 'a' as an article?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T04:49:16.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41544",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "18992",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What does 'na' at the end of a word mean?",
"view_count": 1876
} | [
{
"body": "In the 連体形{れんたいけい} (attributive form) of a na-adjective, な comes at the end of\nit, like 静{しず}かな, きれいな.\n\nIn the 連体形 (attributive form) of an i-adjective, い comes at the end of it,\nlike 大{おお}きい, 暑{あつ}い. That is the same as the dictionary form.\n\n大きな is the 連体形 (attributive form) of an old na-adjective おおきなり, and only the\nattributive form is used in the present day. 小{ちい}さな, おかしな are also the same\nthing. They are analyzed as pre-noun adjectivals but are a bit different from\nother pre-noun adjectivals.\n\nSo both 大きい車{くるま} and 大きな車 are used, and they have almost the same meaning.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T07:29:13.550",
"id": "41547",
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{
"body": "To expand on Yuuichi's answer, note that both [大きい]{ōkii} and [小さい]{chīsai}\nare the \"basic\" _-i_ adjectives for _large_ and _small_. These are probably\nthe most common forms, and these conjugate fully. See the corresponding\ninflection tables in the Wiktionary entries at\n[大きい](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%84#Inflection)\nand\n[小さい](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E3%81%95%E3%81%84#Inflection).\n\nWords that are used extremely frequently in any language sometimes wind up\nwith funny forms. Consider \"go\" in English ‑‑ the past tense is \"went\", which\nwas originally the past tense for a completely different verb, \"wend\".\n\nFor 大きい and 小さい, these both overlap in modern usage with the older forms\n[大きな]{ōkina} and [小さな]{chīsana}. These look kinda like _-na_ adjectives,\n**but** they can only be used as attributives ‑‑ that means, they **must** be\nfollowed by a noun, they cannot be used at the end of a sentence. Also, they\ncannot be used as adverbs (changing the [な]{na} on the end for [に]{ni}).\n\nI think these two, [大きい]{ōkii} and [小さい]{chīsai}, are the only two words that\nfollow this exact pattern, with full regular _-i_ adjective forms and a single\ndefective (i.e. missing portions) _-na_ adjective form. As a learner, you\nshould also be aware that there are a few other irregular words in Japanese,\nsuch as [同じ]{onaji}.\n\nHappy studying!\n\n### Update\n\nChocolate kindly reminded me of the existence of [おかしな]{okashina}, a similar\nattributive-only form for regular _-i_ adjective [おかしい]{okashii}. I can't find\nevidence of any others, but languages are big and time is scarce. :) If anyone\nknows of more, chime in and let's add them here.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-09T17:07:18.217",
"id": "41573",
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| 41544 | null | 41547 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41549",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the meaning of 添い遂げる in the following sentence?\n\n> それがすべてを背負い覚悟してきた人の最初で最後の自由ならば俺も添い遂げたい。\n\nContext: a man agrees with a friend's request to act freely, without worrying\nof anything.\n\nThe only meaning I found in dictionaries is `to remain married/together for\nlife`, but this cannot be the case. I think here it has a meaning similar to\n`follow`, could it be? Here's my attempt:\n\n> If this is the first and last time a man that had the resolution to carry\n> everything on its shoulder acts freely, then I'll follow him.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-08T05:59:16.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41545",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-09T19:29:17.300",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-09T19:29:17.300",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Meaning of 添い遂げる in this sentence",
"view_count": 154
} | [
{
"body": "If these two people are not in a romantic relationship, \"to follow\" may be\nappropriate. But the important connotation of 添い遂げる is _until the end_ , or\nusually, _until death_. Maybe the friend has little time left to live?\n\nThere are other compound verbs which include 遂げる:\n\n * 成し遂げる: to accomplish something difficult (after much struggle)\n * やり遂げる: to do something all the way to the end\n\nAs you can see, \"consuming much time/effort (to do something)\" is the meaning\nof 遂げる as an element of a compound verb.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-08T12:01:31.707",
"id": "41549",
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{
"body": "> I think here it has a meaning similar to \"follow\", could it be?\n\nYes, I would say that you are on the right track.\n\nIn this context, 「添{そ}い遂{と}げる」 is being used as a dramatic and exaggerated\nword choice to mean \" ** _to get in the same boat_** \".\n\nIn fact, the whole sentence sounds extremely dramatic. It is **_not_**\nsomething you will hear in the real Japanese-speaking world **_at all_**.",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-08T12:42:05.690",
"id": "41553",
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| 41545 | 41549 | 41553 |
{
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"body": "I have a picture for 点字表記, but I don't know what it means and how it is\ndifferent from 点字.\n\n",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 点字 and 点字表記?",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, it seems that they want to mean \"braille transcription\" or\n\"braille orthography\" by the phrase 点字表記. (See [the publisher's\nsite](http://www.siencenter.or.jp/tosho/hyouki.html).)\n\nIt is a reasonable interpretation of this word (with context), but you should\nnot expect this phrase to be an idiom always mean such a thing. You can be\nsure that 点字 always mean \"braille\" though.",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-08T12:39:14.707",
"id": "41550",
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"body": "点字 (lit. \"dot character\") means braille, and 表記 means orthography/notation.\n\nJapanese is a language which normally uses tons of characters which include\nhiragana, katakana and kanji. Mixtures of these are surely difficult for\nlearners, but once you get used to it, they also help us write and read\nsentences smoothly without spaces at all. We can instantly tell the word\nboundaries of sentences thanks to these three types of characters.\n\nHowever, the Japanese 点字 system are very different from ordinary Japanese. We\nalso use the 2×3 matrix for each \"character\" , but theoretically there are\nonly 63 possible patterns (excluding the blank/space), which is enough for\nLatin languages but not for Japanese. See [this\nchart](http://www.yoihari.net/tenji/omotegazo.html) for the Japanese braille\nsystem. Simply put, writing Japanese in braille is like having to write\neverything only in hiragana and spaces, which is often confusing because there\nare many compound words and words that share the same hiragana spelling.\n\nThat's where this dictionary, 点字「表記」辞典 (braille _orthography_ dictionary),\ncomes in. If we look at its [sample\n(PDF)](http://www.siencenter.or.jp/tosho/dl/hyoki-page.pdf), we'll soon notice\nthat this dictionary does not explain the meaning of words at all. Instead,\nthis dictionary tries to standardize how to \"write\" certain difficult and/or\ncomplicated words. For example, this dictionary says 曖昧模糊 should be written as\n`あいまい□もこ` (where □ represents a space), but 青二才 should be written as `あおにさい`\nwithout any space. This surely helps professional 点字 users.\n\nIf this book were called 点字辞典, it might look like an ordinary dictionary\n(i.e., giving the meaning of words) written in braille. That's not the purpose\nof this book.\n\nReference: [点字は誰のもの？](http://www.yoihari.net/tenji/theory.htm) (written in\nJapanese)",
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| 41548 | null | 41562 |
{
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"body": "Like <https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30115/is-there-an-english-\nphrase-for-an-inability-to-actually-leave-already> , but for Japanese. You're\non the driveway, you're saying goodbye ... but you engage in conversation for\nanother half an hour. Is there a term for such a phenomenon in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-08T12:40:24.923",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Term for a goodbye that takes a long time",
"view_count": 247
} | [
{
"body": "I cannot think of a single word or phrase that every native spekaer would\nagree on, but you can expect to hear us say:\n\nNoun Phrases:\n\n「帰{かえ}り際{ぎわ}の長話{ながばなし}」, 「帰り際のダラダラ話{ばなし}」, etc. (\"a long chat at the time of\ndeparture\")\n\n「話」 is pronounced 「 **ば** なし」, not 「はなし」 here.\n\n「ダラダラ」 is a perfect onomatopoeia to use for dawdling.\n\nVerb Phrases:\n\n「帰り際に長話（を）する」,「帰り際にダラダラと長話（を）する」, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-08T13:19:15.813",
"id": "41555",
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"body": "Though not a \"set\" phrase, I use the following a lot to describe something\nlike that:\n\n名残{なごり}惜{お}しくて話{はな}し込{こ}む (to talk a while, feeling reluctant to part)\n\n名残惜しい means reluctance/regret to part. Note that this refers to one's feeling,\nmeaning \"one feels bad to part with this person/place\", so you couldn't use it\nlike \"During the protest, the demonstrators were reluctant to leave\".\n\nNote that 1) this works either way (for the person staying or for the person\nleaving) and 2) doesn't really carry the negative connotation as that link you\nposted.",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "41557",
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"body": "My Japanese is dubious at best. Online translator tools is saving me most of\nthe time. But I'll provide some context at least: In a project with our\nJapanese business partner we have been running a little bit late in most steps\nso far. And I've just provided an estimate (time and price) for the next step.\nAfter thanking me for the estimate he follows up with this:\n\n> こちらの着手から実装はおおよそどのくらいの期間が必要でしょうか？ 無理のない予定で構いません。\n\nWhen we can start, which is obvious I guess, but that last bit makes me\nscratch my head. Is it perhaps a hint that we are requesting too little time\n(yet again), or since it comes directly after the question is it just a \"There\nis no need to rush.\" kind of thing?\n\nThank you.",
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"tags": [
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],
"title": "The meaning of「無理のない予定で構いません。」",
"view_count": 155
} | [
{
"body": "> Is it perhaps a hint that we are requesting too little time (yet again), or\n> since it comes directly after the question is it just a \"There is no need to\n> rush.\" kind of thing?\n\nThe latter.\n\n> 「無理{むり}のない予定{よてい}で構{かま}いません。」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"We will be happy with a realistic and no-stress (on your part) kind of\n> plan.\"\n\nThat is obviously not a literal translation, but it is what it means.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-08T14:21:06.437",
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"body": "こちらの着手から実装はおおよそどのくらいの期間が必要でしょうか？ 無理のない予定で構いません。 \"Once work begins on the\nproject about how long will it take? (Just) an approximate estimate is fine.\"\n\nI think it reinforces the first sentence. The sense I get is that they don't\nneed a formal schedule but something to use as a base for planning.",
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| 41556 | 41557 | 41557 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41566",
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"body": "What is the difference between those two ways of saying \"to want\"?\n\n * _shitaindesuga_\n * _hoshiindesuga_",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-09T04:00:28.193",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "What difference between ほしい (hoshii) and したい (shitai)?",
"view_count": 36929
} | [
{
"body": "The 〜たい _-tai_ form attaches to the _masu_ -stem of a **verb** to form \"to\nwant to [verb]\", e.g. 食べたい _tabetai_ \"to want to eat\". The form したい _shitai_\nis only the special case of 〜たい attached to する \"to do\". Even though it\nattaches to a verb, the result is an _i_ -adjective (unlike in English).\n\n(が)ほしい comes after a **noun** and means \"to want [to have/own] a/the [noun]\".\nLike practically all words ending in しい, it is an _i_ -adjective as well.\n\n(～て)ほしい may also come after the _te_ -form of a verb and means \"to want so. to\ndo [verb] [for me]\", for example 食べてほしい \"I want so. to eat [this]\".\n\nIn general, these constructions are different, but in case the verb is a \"\n_suru_ -verb\" (i.e. of the form [noun]+ _suru_ ) they may appear similar.\nHowever, they usually do mean something different:\n\n> 電話(を)したい \n> _denwa (wo) shitai_ \n> I want to make a call / I want to call [so.]\n>\n> 電話がほしい \n> _denwa ga hoshii_ \n> I want [to own/to have] a phone\n>\n> 電話(を)してほしい \n> _denwa (wo) shite hoshii_ \n> I want you to make a call / I want you to call [so.]\n\nIn particular,\n\n> したいんですが \n> _shitai n desu ga_ \n> I would like to do [sth.]\n>\n> ほしいんですが \n> _hoshii n desu ga_ \n> I would like to have [sth.]\n>\n> してほしいんですが \n> _shite hoshii n desu ga_ \n> I would like you to do [sth.]\n\n* * *\n\nNote that both 〜たい and 〜ほしい express _your own_ desire/wish. According to the\n[unwritten rule](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2538/1628) that you\ncannot know the details of a third person's mental state, you should use 〜たがる\nand 〜ほしがる instead if you want to talk about the desires/wishes of other\npeople. For more on this see the following questions:\n\n * [When to use 欲しがる instead of 欲しい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2524/1628)\n * [Can たい and たがる be used for a 1st/2nd/3rd person's desire?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23860/1628)\n * [Is ～がる suffix limited to specific adjectives only?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1520/1628)",
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"body": "I think `Ishitaindesuga` is wrong. I would write:\n\n> Shitaindesu(ga) (したいんです (が) )\n\nAre you asking \"difference between したい and 欲しい\" ? If so, the difference is\nclear:\n\n * したい means want to **_do_**\n * 欲しい means want to **_have_**",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-09T09:01:39.140",
"id": "41567",
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{
"body": "You must mean shitai(ndesu)\n\nThe difference between hoshii ほしい shitai したい is that one is for when you want\nto **do** something, and the other is for wanting an **object**\n\n## ほしい hoshi (1)\n\nhoshii is an adjective. It is commonly used with the subject particle ga が to\nsay that you want something. For example\n\n> りんごがほしい (ringo ga hoshii) I want an/the apple\n\nIt can only be used with nouns, as it is an adjective describing the noun as\n'desirable'.\n\n## (し）たい (shi)tai\n\nThe -tai ending is attached to the stem of a verb (the part before 'masu'),\nand it expresses that you want to do whatever it is that the verb refers to.\nFor example\n\n> サッカーをしたい (sakkaa wo shitai) I want to play soccer\n\nHere, shitai means 'want to play'. The -tai ending can be attached to any\nverb.\n\n> りんごをたべたい (ringo wo tabetai) I want to eat an/the apple\n\nA somewhat similar meaning to the hoshii sentence, except that hoshii does not\nimply what you would do with the apple. Tabetai clearly expresses a desired\naction.\n\n## ほしい hoshi (2)\n\nHoshii can also be used, when you wish to express that you want **someone\nelse** to do something\n\nIt is attached to the -te form of the verb. For example\n\n> りんごをたべてほしい (ringo wo tabete hoshii) I want you to eat the apple\n\n* * *\n\nThe '-ndesuga' ending is a separate issue, but essentially it makes what you\nare saying a little bit less direct. As a basic sentence, you don't need it.",
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"body": "欲しい and たい are adjective, and DOES NOT mean “I want”.\n\nThey mean “is desirable”\n\n> リンゴが欲しい \n> The apple is desirable.\n\nSame concept applies to たい.\n\nPlease people stop making people thinking that 欲しい means “I WANT”. It doesn't\nmean that. The subject is the the desired thing, and the adjective means that\nit procures desire to you.\n\n> 本が読みたい \n> The book procure to me the desire to read it\n\nJapanese is not ego-centric like English.",
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| 41564 | 41566 | 41566 |
{
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"body": "I know all three mean \"since that..\", \"now that..\", \"So long as....\" etc. I\nhave trouble understanding the difference between these three. I was wondering\nin what scenario would I use these 3 grammar points. Is one more formal than\nthe other? The only thing I can see is that both からには and 上は are used for only\nverbs and 以上 can be used for nouns.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-09T07:04:53.217",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the difference between からには, 以上, and 上は?",
"view_count": 2324
} | [
{
"body": "First, 上は is less common than からには and 以上. I rarely hear 上は of this usage,\nexcept the fixed phrase かくなる上は.\n\nIn most cases からには and 以上 are interchangeable if used after verbs.\n\nBut there could be a difference. By googling I found [this\npaper](http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/53558/1/nihongo09_07.pdf)\ndiscussing the difference.\n\nLet me quote the conclusion:\n\n> Ⅰ.\n> 「からには」構文の条件節は確定的事態（是、否）を要求するのに対して、「以上」構文の条件節は確定的事態（是、否）でも仮定的事態でも（是、否）可能である。さらに、両者の本質的な違いは前件にナイ形が用いられるか否かではなく、確定的事態であるか否かにある。\n>\n> Ⅱ. 「以上」構文は常に対照的含意を含むのに対し、「からには」構文は「以上」構文と置き換えられる場合のみ、対照的含意を含む。\n\nConclusion Ⅰ says that からには can take only facts but 以上 can take assumptions as\nwell.\n\nFor example (quoted from the above paper):\n\n> おまえがいつまでも嘘をつく **以上** 、私はおまえに会いたくないね\n>\n> _As long as_ you keep lying, I don't want to see you.\n\nHere, 以上 can mean \"if\", \"provided that\" or \"as long as\" but からには can't. If you\nuse からには it would be:\n\n> おまえがいつまでも嘘をつく **からには** 、私はおまえに会いたくないね\n>\n> _Because_ you keep lying, I don't want to see you.\n\nConclusion Ⅱ says that 以上 always implies a contrastive meaning (?) at the same\ntime, but からには not always.\n\nFor example,\n\n> おまえがいつまでも嘘をつく **以上** 、私はおまえに会いたくないね\n>\n> _As long as_ you keep lying, I don't want to see you.\n\nimplies that\n\n> If you stop lying, I could see you.\n\nBut the following\n\n> 映画俳優の卵である **からには** 、これまた人並以上の美貌を備えていた。\n>\n> _Since that_ he was a movie actor in the making, he was also equipped with\n> better look than ordinary.\n\ndoesn't mean \"If he isn't a movie actor in the making, he is not so good-\nlooking\", so we cannot change からには to 以上.",
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| 41565 | null | 41569 |
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"body": "In some countries near Japan, such as Taiwan and Mongolia, there are sit-down\nflush toilets where you have to put toilet paper into a rubbish bin. Is there\na term for such toilets? Would 台湾式トイレ (Taiwanese-style toilets) work?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-09T12:14:56.357",
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"id": "41570",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Does Japanese have a term for toilets that use a rubbish bin for toilet paper?",
"view_count": 169
} | [
{
"body": "Japan does not have the concept of a non-flush toilet. Even the port-o-potties\nat music festivals flush (including the TP).\n\nGoogle searching \"トイレットペーパー流せないトイレ\" returns results such as \"what countries\nhave toilets that don't flush\", \"are there really places where you can't flush\ntoilet paper\", and \"Why some foreigners don't flush toilet paper\". None of\nthem seem to have a word for it. Also, consider that high volume tourist areas\nhave instructions (often in Chinese only) on how to use the toilet... not some\nsingle, self-describing term.\n\nI think you should just call it like it is, with the phrase above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-09T16:35:40.587",
"id": "41571",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
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| 41570 | null | 41571 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41581",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence(from this site:<http://aozora-pwresult.com/archives/4924>):\n\n> このリストはオーエンズにかかっているんだ。\n\nI don't know how to interpret Noun(personal name) + に + かかっている.\n\nI've been looking at www.imabi.net/l243kakarukakeru.htm and I think it could\nmean this:\n\n> 28. \"To be concerned\", \"be the work of\", or \"to concern\". Only a usage of\n> 係る.\n>\n\nSo, could this sentence mean: \"This リスト is going to be about オーエンズ?\n\nAlso, I found this example sentence with it's translation:\n\n> 成果は君の努力にかかっている。(The outcome will depend on your efforts.)\n\nSo, could it also mean: \"This list will depend on(be in charge of) オーエンズ\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-09T17:13:06.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of にかかっている in this sentence",
"view_count": 211
} | [
{
"body": "I recognize the latter understanding is correct, where かかっている is used as\n\"depends on\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T02:52:00.900",
"id": "41581",
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}
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| 41574 | 41581 | 41581 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41577",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of へ or への in this case:\n\n中国では日本のアニメや漫画 **への** 人気が高いことに加え、「君の名は。」は、ネット上などで早くから話題を\n集めていて、映画館によっては、予約販売ですでにほとんどの席が埋まるところも出ています。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-09T22:10:55.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41576",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-09T23:08:39.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"particle-へ"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of への？",
"view_count": 2446
} | [
{
"body": "へ in this case is expressing direction, similar to 海へ行く, though in this\npassage the direction is not physical, it is expressing the 'direction' of\npopularity (人気).\n\nの is being used to make the part before it \"...漫画\" modify the part after it\n\"人気。。。\"\n\nSo \"漫画への人気\" could be loosely translated as \"Popularity of Manga\".\n\n[Here](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2015/05/16/japanese-particle-\ncombination-%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE-e-no/) is an article I wrote about this topic\nwith more examples.\n\nUPDATE: Below is my rough translation of the passage in question for\nreference:\n\n_In China, building on the already high popularity of Japanese Anime and\nManga, \"Your Name\" has quickly become a hot topic in places such as the\nInternet, and there are some movie theaters where tickets are already sold out\nand most seats are filled._",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-09T22:59:37.200",
"id": "41577",
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"score": 2
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]
| 41576 | 41577 | 41577 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41625",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am here again! I am just starting learning this amazing language and thanks\nfor everyone's help.\n\nSo I heard that to say \"I speak fast in English\" I say:\n\n> Egoniwa hayakuhanashimasu.\n\nWhat does the particle \"niwa\" help in _hear_. Similarly, when I say \"I have 7\npeople in my family\" I say:\n\n> Kazuhanimwa ichijinin imasu (not sure of spelling).\n\nHowever, when I say \"my children are in America\" (I don't have any), I say:\n\n> watashino kudomawa americani imasu.\n\nSo what do \"niwa\" and \"ni\" have in common or what are their differences?\n\n```\n\n Correct me if I misunderstood anything. And thanks again for everyone's help!\n \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T01:44:55.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41579",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T11:01:35.477",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-10T13:50:37.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "17579",
"owner_user_id": "18992",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-は",
"には"
],
"title": "Differentiate 'niwa\" and \"ni\" when indicating a position",
"view_count": 16388
} | [
{
"body": "1) You wrote:\n\n> Egoniwa hayakuhanashimasu.\n\nCorrect:\n\n```\n\n Eigo ni ha(wa) hayaku hanashimasu. (Romaji)\n えいご に は はやく はなします。 (Hiragana)\n 英語 に は 早く 話します。 (Kanji)\n \n```\n\n2) You wrote:\n\n> Kazuhanimwa ichijinin imasu.\n\nCorrect:\n\n```\n\n Kazoku ni ha(wa) nana(seven) nin ga imasu. (Romaji)\n かぞく に は なな にん います。 (Hiragana)\n 家族 に は 七 人 います。 (Kanji)\n \n```\n\n3) You wrote:\n\n> watashino kudomawa americani imasu.\n\nCorrect:\n\n```\n\n Watashi no kodomo ha(wa) america ni imasu. (Romaji)\n わたし の こども は あめりか に います。 (Hiragana)\n 私 の 子供 は アメリカ(katakana here) に います。 (Kanji)\n \n```\n\n1) If you want to say with help of what language you can speak quickly, in the\nfirst case it is better to use で(de).\n\n2) In the second case には(niwa) is used to point, in what exactly family you\nhave 7 people(in my family).\n\n3) In third case we do not make our statement stronger and use just に(ni).\nChildren in America somewhere(do not point, in what city or state exactly)\n\n[Possible duplicate](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1096/what-\nis-the-difference-between-%E3%81%AB-and-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T13:23:08.563",
"id": "41588",
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{
"body": "Your first and second sentences are unnatural. には isn't appropriate in them.\nThe first is translated as \"私は、英語は(を)速く話す。\". The second is translated as\n\"家族は七人います。\".\n\nThe third makes sense and you can use both に and には as 私の子供は、アメリカに(には)います. You\nneed to learn the usage of は to know the difference between に and には. は is\nmainly used as a topic maker, contrast, and emphasis. The second は in this\nsentence indicates contrast(it implies \"My children aren't in any country\nexcept America\") and emphasis.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T14:53:14.257",
"id": "41594",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-10T16:20:41.460",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-10T16:20:41.460",
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{
"body": "Both に and は are very common Japanese particles, with completely different\npurposes.\n\n * **に (\"ni\") is a place marker** , like English 'in' or 'at'.\n * **は (\"wa\") is a topic marker**. It's somewhat similar to English 'speaking of ～' or 'regarding ～'.\n * に and は can be combined, and the meaning is just the combination of the two. It's translated as \"In ～, ...\" at the beginning of the sentence.\n\n### I speak English fast.\n\nPerhaps you have misheard something. You don't need the place marker に (\"ni\")\nto say this, and I have no idea how I can use に. You only need the topic\nmarker は, which replaces を (\"o\"), the object marker. (Read \"Object as Topic\"\nsection in [this page](http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/lessons/beginning/the-\ntopic-marker-wa/) if you are not sure)\n\n> えいごは はやく はなします。 \n> Eigo wa hayaku hanashimasu. \n> (lit. \"As for English, [I] speak [it] fast.\")\n\n### I have 7 people in my family.\n\nYour \"Japanese\" sentence has a lot of spelling errors, but did you want to say\nthe following?\n\n> かぞく に は しちにん います。 \n> Kazoku ni wa shichi-nin imasu. \n> (lit. \"In my family, seven (people) exist.\")\n\nOkay, this is not very natural, but at least grammatical and understandable.\nHere, かぞく is marked with both the place marker and the topic marker\nsimultaneously. に is used (but actually not required in this case) because\nyou're talking about who is **in** your family. は is required because かぞく is\nthe topic of the whole sentence.\n\n### My children are in America.\n\n> わたし の こども は アメリカ に います。 \n> watashi no kodomo wa america ni imasu. \n> (lit. \"As for my children, [they] exist in America.\")\n\nAgain I corrected the obvious spelling errors. In this case, アメリカ is marked\nwith only に, because the topic of this sentence is something else.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T11:01:35.477",
"id": "41625",
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}
]
| 41579 | 41625 | 41625 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41584",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is a line of dialogue Yahari anime:\n\n> なので 気晴らしに **かるーく** 遊びに誘えたらいいかなっと\n\nI do not understand **かるーく**.\n\nIs that just an elongation of the vowel or a contraction?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T02:22:33.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41580",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-10T05:09:16.480",
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"owner_user_id": "13859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meanig of かるーく?",
"view_count": 276
} | [
{
"body": "かるーく is the same as かるく, but like this (○○ー○) , sound to be long, that means\n**really** some. For example:\n\n * 少し → すこーし\n\nbut unable to be used is many than able to be used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T04:52:53.090",
"id": "41583",
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{
"body": "「かるーく」 is how 「かるく（軽く）」 is sometimes pronounced in informal conversation.\n\nIn the sentence in question, 「かるーく」 just means \" ** _a little bit_** \", \" **\n_in an easy or casual manner_** \", etc.\n\n> \"So, I was kinda thinking it'd be cool to casually ask you/him/her/them out\n> for relaxation.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-10T05:09:16.480",
"id": "41584",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 41580 | 41584 | 41584 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41587",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Given a word and its reading, I'm interested in having it be automatically be\nidentified as Japanese-origin (和語, but excluding 和製英語 and 和製漢語) or not. False\nnegatives and positives aren't really a problem for my use case, but naturally\nthey should be minimised if they can.\n\nWhat would be some heuristics that can be implemented relatively easily in a\ncomputer program (say, less than 100 lines per rule (using libraries is fine)\nand doesn't require large amounts of training data)?\n\nHere are some that I've thought up of. Are they correct? Can they be refined?\n\n * Word does not contain \"litte\" characters (excluding ヶ) nor long vowels (not so sure about this one)\n * Number of syllables (which I suppose is equivalent to mora if the above rule is true) is longer than the number of characters in the word\n * Word contains at least one kanji or hiragana (to exclude most of the 外来語)\n\nRelated: [How to tell if a word is Sino-Japanese or\nYamato](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23098/how-to-tell-if-a-\nword-is-sino-japanese-or-yamato) and\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1022933605>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T06:05:02.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41585",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-04T23:35:29.263",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-04T23:35:29.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "1497",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Heuristics for identifying Japanese-origin words (和語)",
"view_count": 706
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, if a word contains both _kanji_ and _hiragana_ , it's very\nlikely to be _wago_. (E.g. 食べる、美しい、…)\n\nIf the word consists of _kanji_ only, like you said counting the number of\nsyllables is a good approach. (Of course, _on'yomi_ are to be one syllable, so\nlong vowels, like リョウ, and endings like ク、ン、ツ、チ pass as one syllable, even if\nthe reading is two morae.)\n\nThis basically reduces the problem to distinguishing one-syllable (= one-mora)\n_wago_ , like 手、目、…, from one-mora _on'yomi_ , like 胃、花、…. If I don't know, I\nusually guess from the sound it contains and you can probably teach your\nprogram to do the same, e.g. カ is likely to be _on'yomi_. There will be false\npositives like 蚊 or 木, but these rare exceptions could even be hard-coded.\n\n(Of course, there are words for which the _wago_ – _kango_ – _gairaigo_\ndistinction is ill-defined, like 手帳 or 胃袋. I'm not sure if you want teach your\nprogram to identify these as _jūbako yomi_ , _yutō yomi_ , etc.)\n\nI think you can derive the likelihood from the [list of _jōyō\nkanji_](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7)\nby making a list of all one-mora (rather one- _kana_ ) _on'yomi_ and one-mora\n_kun'yomi_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T07:57:31.833",
"id": "41587",
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},
{
"body": "A few rules of thumb to identify _kango_ 漢語 (and thus _wago_ as well) exist:\n\n 1. Virtually all _i_ -adjectives (形容詞) and verbs (except for the -する verbs) are _wago_. Of course, all function words could only be _wago_. Thus, _kango_ terms are usually nouns, adverbs or _na_ -adjectives (形容動詞). (I'm not sure about _gairaigo_ , but I don't think that they are often used as _na_ -adjectives: most _gairaigo_ are thus nouns or adverbs).\n 2. In the Sinitic languages (i.e., Chinese), each character almost always stand for one syllable (and have almost always been so). Consequentially, **in most Japanese _kango_ terms, each character is usually pronounced with one syllable** (i.e., one vowel/diphthong per kanji), which may be one or more morae. Thus, one could tell that 花見｛はなみ｝ is _wago_ , while 花粉｛かふん｝ is _kango_.\n\n 3. Prominent exception to rule 2: in Middle Chinese (from which _kango_ was borrowed), the pronunciation of some characters had the consonant endials -p, -t, or -k. In modern Japanese, many of those characters are pronounced with two syllables, with the second syllable being ツ (from -t) or ク (from -k). (Most of the -p endials, however, have disappeared in modern Japanese). Examples include words such as 国立｛こくりつ｝ ( _kango_ ). Note that there is a city in Tokyo Metropolis named 国立｛くにたち｝: this name is _wago_.\n\n 4. Not-so-prominent exception to rule 2: in some early Chinese loanwords, rule 2 is violated. Examples include words such as 儀式｛ぎしき｝ ( _kango_ ), where 式 is read シキ, which is its 呉音 _go-on_ reading. The reason this happens is that many _go-on_ readings are borrowed indirectly through Korean readings of Chinese characters - and also simply because that _go-on_ are ultimately from an early and non-standard dialect of Chinese.\n\n 5. Troublesome situation 1: 当｛あ｝て字｛じ｝ , i.e. using kanji solely for their pronunciation (without regard to their logographic meaning). This happens in Japanese from time to time, and sometimes the on'yomi of the characters are used for this purpose, making things really tricky. One tricky example is 沢山｛たくさん｝, of which the etymology is actually unclear (but presumably _wago_ ). The kanji here are ateji, and obviously the word has nothing to do with swamps (沢) or mountains (山). However, it looks like a _kango_ word so much.\n\n 6. Troublesome situation 2: sometimes _kango_ terms contain complex (sometimes _hyōgai_ 表外) kanji and are often written (partially or completely) in kana. Examples include 綺麗｛きれい｝ and 皮膚｛ひふ｝ (both _kango_ ), which are usually written as きれい and 皮ふ respectively, simply because the kanji are difficult and hard to get right.\n\n以上です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-09T16:03:06.790",
"id": "42374",
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]
| 41585 | 41587 | 41587 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know ningen is a word (at least in entertainment media) that is used to\nrefer to something as human or simply mundane. In this context, what are the\nwords used to describe something as \"godly\"/\"heavenly\" or \"ungodly\"/\"hellish\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T13:44:48.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41589",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T09:01:04.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19017",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the equivalent of ningen for deitys and demons?",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "人間 (ningen) means _human_ , and this word on its own does **not** mean\n_mundane_. But 人間界 (ningen-kai, lit. \"human world\") is commonly used in\nvarious fictional works to refer to the human world as opposed to heavenly or\nhellish worlds. See: [What would be the most apt word in kanji, for \"Animal\nworld\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29389/5010)\n\nAnyway, in many fictional works, it's very common to categorize\nitems/characters/magics/etc into holy vs evil, godly vs daemonic, light vs\ndark etc. 人間界 is often described as an opposing idea of 天界\n(\"heavenly/celestial world\") and/or 魔界 (\"evil/monster world\").\n\nHere are some other words typically used in such situations:\n\n * 神: \"god(ly)\" vs 悪魔, 魔: \"demon(ic), monster(ous)\"\n * 光: \"light\" vs 闇: \"darkness\"\n * 聖: \"holy, sacred\" vs 邪: \"evil\"\n * 神聖: \"holy, sacred\" vs 邪悪: \"evil\"\n * 天国: \"heaven\" vs 地獄: \"hell\"\n * 祝福: \"blessing\" vs 呪い: \"curse\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T08:50:16.463",
"id": "41618",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T09:01:04.637",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
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| 41589 | null | 41618 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41591",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the purpose of に in 特別に上映が始まり?\n\nHere is the full sentence:\n\nこのうち、北京中心部の映画館では、公開を心待ちにしてきた人たちのために、日付が変わった午前０時から特別 **に**\n上映が始まり、未明にもかかわらず、大勢の若者たちが詰めかけました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T13:59:28.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41590",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-10T19:14:58.000",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-10T19:14:58.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "18849",
"owner_user_id": "18849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of に in 特別に上映?",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "In Japanese, both verbs and adjectives conjugate as you know, I hope.\n\n> 「特別{とくべつ} **に** 」 is the 連用形{れんようけい} (continuative form) of the na-adjective\n> 「特別（ **な** ）」.\n\n「特別 **に** 」(\"specially\") can modify verbs and adjectives while 「特別 **な** 」 can\nonly modify nouns.\n\nIn the sentence in question, 「特別に」 modifies the verb phrase\n「上映{じょうえい}が始{はじ}まり」.\n\n(「始ま **り** 」 is the 連用形 of the verb 「始ま **る** 」, by the way. 連用形 is extremely\nimportant.)\n\n> \"the show specially started at midnight\"\n\nMore naturally, perhaps:\n\n> \"a special show started at midnight\"\n\nThis is a good example of how direct translation might not work well in the\ntarget language.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T14:19:47.500",
"id": "41591",
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"parent_id": "41590",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41590 | 41591 | 41591 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering if there's any difference in meaning when contracting this\nsentence-final.\n\nFor example:\n\n> ボーナスもくれない会社でもう働く **ものか** 。\n>\n> ボーナスもくれない会社でもう働く **もんか** 。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T14:37:09.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41592",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-22T20:33:03.157",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "19009",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"colloquial-language",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Is there a difference when using ～ものか/～もんか?",
"view_count": 211
} | [
{
"body": "There is no difference in meaning -- none.\n\nThe only difference is that 「も **ん** か」 is more informal and colloquial than\n「も **の** か」.\n\nBoth are _**negative**_ expressions as I hope you know.\n\n\"I'll no longer work for a company that doesn't give me bonuses!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T14:41:52.523",
"id": "41593",
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"parent_id": "41592",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41592 | null | 41593 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41598",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between 創造的{そうぞうてき} and 創造性{そうぞうせい}? I know they both\nrelate to creativity, but I am not sure what the exact difference between them\nis.\n\nDo the 的{てき} and 性{せい} endings signify anything?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T16:36:07.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41596",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-10T17:19:37.983",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 創造的{そうぞうてき} and 創造性{そうぞうせい}?",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "There are some cases that when 的 attaches to a noun, it becomes a na-adjective\nas 創造的な (creative), 詩的な (poetic). And there are some cases that な may be\nomitted as 詩的表現 (poetic expression), 歴史的事件 (historical happening).\n\nThere are some cases that when 性 attaches to a noun as 創造性 (creativity), 安全性\n(safety), 機動性 (mobility), it means \"property, nature, and character of the\nnoun\" and it remains a noun.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T17:10:14.617",
"id": "41598",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "41596",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 41596 | 41598 | 41598 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am teaching myself Japanese. To begin learning how to read and write in\nJapanese, I have started my studies with Hiragana. I know that I need to have\nspecific proportions to make sure what I am writing is accurate and legible.\nHowever, the only paper I have at hand is lined, and I am not sure how I\nshould know if my proportions are correct. Should I start getting graph paper\nto practice?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T16:42:34.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41597",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T00:03:44.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19019",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "What is a good strategy to make sure my Hiragana proportions are correct?",
"view_count": 232
} | [
{
"body": "Graph paper might indeed be helpful, but just by being mindful of the\nproportions and flow you have already made a step that few ever do.\n\nUltimately, for legibility, the most important thing is that the characters\nare _distinct_ , not so much that they adhere to form, but what I would\nrecommend is getting any one of a great many books that focus on writing\nlegible kana.\n\nSimply getting graph paper is unlikely to help much if your form is sloppy to\nbegin with.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T00:03:44.987",
"id": "41611",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "519",
"parent_id": "41597",
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}
]
| 41597 | null | 41611 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41608",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know they all indicate consequence. `kara` implies an opinion, while\n`nanode` is objective, but what is the exact difference between all three\nwords?\n\nEdit: Update with example:\n\n**Example 1: da to**\n\n```\n\n I think there should be more choice\n motto sentakushi ga aru beki dato omoimasu.\n \n```\n\n**Example 2: na no de**\n\n```\n\n Watching children's show is a good way to learn Japanese as the dialogue is simple.\n Kaiwa ga tanjun nanode, kodomo muke no bangumi wo miru nowa ii nihonngo gakushuu houhou desu.\n \n```\n\n**Example 3: kara**\n\n```\n\n ….Therefore, this was my first thanksgiving.\n ...Desu kara korewa watashi no saisho no kanshasai deshita.\n \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T17:38:07.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41599",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T15:00:46.330",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T11:17:18.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "9537",
"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between dato, nanode and kara?",
"view_count": 1096
} | [
{
"body": "`kara` and `node`'s meanings are same. `dato` doesn't mean because.\n\n`kara` is used when a speaker says a speaker's own idea, and a speaker wants\nto tell that reasons to listeners briefly.\n\n`node` is used when a speaker wants to explain existing, or exited situations.\nIt is impact on listeners is weak. \nSo speakers commonly used when asking for permission, and tell a little gently\napology.\n\n* * *\n\nTheir usage obscured. So your examples are **ORIGINALLY** wrong, but now,\nsometimes used the usage like that.\n\n**UPDATE** : I wrote about `dato`.\n\nRelated: <http://komachi.yomiuri.co.jp/t/2009/1206/280340.htm>",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T23:19:47.970",
"id": "41608",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T15:00:46.330",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T15:00:46.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "14627",
"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "41599",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
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| 41599 | 41608 | 41608 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41604",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As far as i'm aware, both me to \"this kind of\" or \"like this\" but what is the\ndifference. I was talking to someone but they said that **「こんな風に」** is more\nnatural, the original sentence was **「こんなに見えなければイギリスではない」** with a picture of\nmy my slightly flooded driveway.\n\nmy original sentence:\n\n> こんなに見えなければイギリスではない\n\ncorrected sentence:\n\n> こんな **風** に見えなければイギリスではない\n\nwhat i wanted to say in english:\n\n> if it doesn't look like this, it's not britain",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T18:06:52.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41600",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T02:51:46.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12353",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "「こんなに」と「こんな風に」difference?",
"view_count": 544
} | [
{
"body": "I think you want to use:\n\n> _こんな風に_ 見えなければイギリスではない\n\nwhich gives a nuance of, \"If it didn't look _like this_ , it's not Britain.\"\n\nYour original sentence:\n\n> _こんなに_ 見えなければイギリスではない\n\ngives me the nuance of, \"If you couldn't see _this much_ , it's not Britain.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T20:31:02.967",
"id": "41603",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-10T20:31:02.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18140",
"parent_id": "41600",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 1)「こんなに見{み}えなければイギリスではない。」 (Your original)\n>\n> 2)「こんな風{ふう}に見えなければイギリスではない。」 (Corrected)\n\nBetween those two sentences, 2) is considerably better than 1) if you want to\nsay:\n\n> \"If it doesn't look like this, it's not Britain.\"\n\n「風に」 can be replaced by 「感{かん}じに」 with no problems.\n\nIs 1) totally out of the question, then? I would say no because **_very\ninformally_** , some native speakers might say it, too. But still, it would\nnot be something you should be taught to say as a Japanese-learner.\n\nI would like to stress, however, that in the particular situation/context of\n**_showing a person a photo_** , there would be little misunderstanding even\nif it were 1) that you actually uttered.\n\nAs a stand-alone sentence without further context, however, 1) could sound\nfairly ambiguous.\n\nFinally, I have no intention of changing the purpose of your question, but if\nI could express the idea in question freely as a native Japanese speaker, I\nwould not even use 「見える」, to be honest with you. You used it simply because\nyou had a sentence in mind in English that used \"to look\". Your sentence was\ntranslated; Mine will come directly from a Japanese-speaking brain without\ntranslation.\n\nI would use 「なる」 and say something like:\n\n> 「こんな風に **なっていなければ** イギリスではありません。」 or\n>\n> 「こんな風に **ならなければ** イギリスではありません。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T21:23:13.397",
"id": "41604",
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"parent_id": "41600",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 41600 | 41604 | 41604 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41606",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "選び (erabi) and せんたくし (sentakushi) both relate to choice and selection, but I\nam not sure what the difference is?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T19:11:36.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41601",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-10T21:47:31.430",
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"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 選び (erabi) and せんたくし (sentakushi)?",
"view_count": 904
} | [
{
"body": "選ぶ{えらぶ} is a verb which means 'to choose.'\n\n選択肢{せんたくし} is a noun which means 'choices.' (Assuming that is the kanji form\nof せんたくし that you were looking for.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T19:52:41.390",
"id": "41602",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-10T19:58:05.830",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-10T19:58:05.830",
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},
{
"body": "Those words mean **_very_** different things.\n\n「選び」 means the act of choosing or just plain \"choosing\". It is an **_action_**\nthat humans perform.\n\nNote: 「選び」 is most often used as a suffix rather than as an \"independent\"\nword.\n\nExamples: 「大学選{だいがくえら}び」(selecting a college), 「ダンナ選び」(selecting a husband),\netc.\n\n「選択肢{せんたくし}」 refers to the actual choices available. It is **_not_** an\naction.\n\n> In short, 「選 **び** 」＝「選択」and not 「選択肢」\n\nalso:\n\n> 「選 **ぶ** 」＝「選択する」 (Both verbs)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T21:47:31.430",
"id": "41606",
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"parent_id": "41601",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 41601 | 41606 | 41606 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41617",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between すべき (subeki) and べき (beki)?\n\n> [すべき (subeki)](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%99%E5%8F%AF%E3%81%8D) = should\n> do; ought to do\n>\n> [べき](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%8F%AF%E3%81%8D) (beki) = should; must; that\n> one ought to; to be done\n\nBoth mean \"should\", but is there a rule as to when to use one instead of the\nother?\n\nHere are some examples from my text book:\n\n> _motto sentakushi ga aru beki dato omoimasu._ \n> I think there should be more choice\n>\n> _Nani o subeki ka wakarimasu yo._ \n> You'll know what to do, I'm telling you.\n\nWhat's the difference between the two? In the examples above, they seem to\nperform the same function. So why is one used over the other?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T21:59:43.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41607",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T08:35:02.570",
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"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "What's the difference between すべき (subeki) and べき (beki)?",
"view_count": 11037
} | [
{
"body": "べき is used with a verb in its \"dictionary form\".\n\n> [verb]べき \n> should [verb]\n\nAs you can see, べき by itself corresponds to \"should\", _but it never appears by\nitself_ (just like \"should\" doesn't appear by itself).\n\nYou can easily form examples,\n\n> 食べるべき = should eat \n> 行くべき = should go\n\nYou only need to remember one additional rule,\n\n> する＋べき → すべき\n\n(About one in twelve times people also use するべき, probably in contexts where する\nis felt to be used for more than its usual auxiliary function, so don't be\nsurprised if you see it.)\n\n* * *\n\nSo\n\n> [verb]べき = should [verb]\n>\n> するべき ≒ すべき = should do\n\nIn one line, you don't choose between べき and すべき, you only choose a verb to go\nwith べき and if it's する, then it becomes すべき.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T08:33:58.793",
"id": "41617",
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"score": 8
}
]
| 41607 | 41617 | 41617 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41615",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "While I get that [Chinese-Japanese relations are\ncomplicated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking_Massacre), [American-\nJapanese\nrelations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki)\n[are as well](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans);\ngiven how Chinese jargon and terms of art are available, why is it that\nEnglish terms are so often given preference?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-10T23:57:38.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41610",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T07:11:40.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "519",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"linguistics"
],
"title": "Why are English loanwords so much more popular than Chinese ones?",
"view_count": 176
} | [
{
"body": "One reason is that English terms sound more often than not foreign and vague\nso that you can express it without sounding too severe or direct. Or you could\nuse it when you want to blur the discussion with fancy things. Personally I\nfind it unintelligent to use redundant English loanwords.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T03:43:14.743",
"id": "41612",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T03:43:14.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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},
{
"body": "As a matter of fact, at least after WWII, Japanese people have been exposed to\nand influenced by Western cultures far more than other Asian cultures.\nHollywood movies are more popular than modern Chinese movies, rock music are\nmore popular than modern Chinese pop music, and so on. I believe the situation\nis more or less the same in other Asian countries, too. The majority of new\nand cool things come from western countries, and loanwords are no exception.\n\nIn addition, from the language perspective, Chinese jargon terms use kanji.\nThey look too much close to old-fashioned words Japanese people have been\nusing from more than 1000 years ago. We don't learn Chinese at school, and we\ndon't know how to tell which Chinese words are new and cool.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T07:11:40.270",
"id": "41615",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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}
]
| 41610 | 41615 | 41615 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41624",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I hope I already know the difference...\n\n> 彼を殺していない\n\nI have not killed him.\n\n> 彼が殺してない(not the colloquial form of いない)\n\nHe has not been killed.\n\nI heard that transitive verbs take ある while intransitive verbs take いる.\n\nThe classic example :\n\n> ドアが開いている (The door is open) ドアを開けてある (I have open the door)\n\nHowever it does not always hold true as 知っている is used. I have never seen\nintransitive verb + ある\n\nFurthermore ドアが開けてある is also possible using が instead to imply the readiness\nof the state instead of the intention.\n\nある implies the resultant state of an intentional action. いる implies\nprogressive state but when the verb only happen for a moment, it implies the\nongoing resultant state.\n\nThe usage of が an を are also confusing.\n\nDoes that mean...\n\n> 彼を殺している and 彼を殺してある\n\nMeans \"I have killed him\"?\n\n> 彼が殺している\n\nMeans \"He has killed (someone)\"?\n\n> 彼が殺してある\n\nMeans \"He has been killed\"?\n\nI think intransitive verb can only be paired with いる to show resultant state.\n死んでいる : have died.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T07:02:10.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41614",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T10:28:26.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ている vs てある in resultant states relating the trans/intransitive verb and が/を",
"view_count": 3697
} | [
{
"body": "～てある always follows transitive verbs, and implies someone has (intentionally)\ndone something. ～ている can follow both intransitive and transitive verbs.\n\n> * 木が倒れている。: \"A tree is lying.\" (by a wind, etc)\n> * 木が倒れてある。: (ungrammatical; 倒れる is intransitive)\n> * 木が倒れてない = 木が倒れていない: \"A tree is not lying.\"\n> * 木を倒してある。: I have laid a tree (in advance, for a purpose).\n> * 木を倒している。: either \"I am (currently) cutting a tree\" or \"I have (already)\n> laid a tree\"\n> * 木を倒していない。: either \"I am (currently) not cutting a tree\" or \"I have not\n> laid a tree yet.\"\n>\n\n* * *\n\nLet's take a look at your example sentences.\n\n> 彼を殺していない。\n\n\"I have not killed him,\" yes. (Of course the implied subject can be someone\nother than 'I', but for the sake of brevity let's assume the subject is 'I'\nwhen it's omitted)\n\n> 彼が殺してない。\n\nThis is almost ungrammatical as a sentence (why が instead of は?). 彼は殺してない\nmeans \"I haven't killed _him_ (although I killed someone else)\" or \"He didn't\nkill (someone, and the killer is someone else)\" depending on the context. You\nsaid \"not the colloquial form of いない\", but this must always be short for いない.\n\nIf you want to say \"He has not been killed\" using いる, it will be 彼は殺されていない\nusing the passive form.\n\n> 彼を殺している。\n\nEither \"I am killing him (just now).\" or \"I have already killed him.\" For the\nlatter, 彼を殺してある is more natural.\n\n> 彼を殺してある。\n\n\"I have already killed him (in advance, for you/her/etc).\"\n\n> 彼が殺している。\n\n\"He is killing someone.\" or \"He has already killed someone.\"\n\n> 彼が殺してある。\n\n\"He has already killed someone (in advance, for you/her/etc).\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T10:28:26.987",
"id": "41624",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T10:28:26.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41614",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41614 | 41624 | 41624 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41622",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does the word 奸閥 mean? It appears in the sentence 「万流奸閥解体！」, as seen in\nthe image below. (万流【ばん.りゅう】 is the name of a character in the television show\n「ブブキ・ブランキ」, which is the source of the image.)\n\nJudigng from the characters and from context (the text comes from a poster\ncalling for the fall of the Banryuu-led government), it seems like this would\nbe pronounced カンバツ, and would mean something like \"[evil] faction\". However, I\ncannot find this word in any of the online dictionaries I checked, nor in\nBCCWJ.\n\nMy best guess is that 奸閥 is not a single lexical item, but rather the use of 奸\n\"evil(?)\" as a modifier on 閥 \"group, faction\". Is that the case? (If so, this\nis novel to me - I don't think I know of any characters whose _on_ readings\nare used freely and productively as affixes on nouns.)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kKrG0.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T07:59:08.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41616",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T09:49:04.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does 奸閥 mean?",
"view_count": 329
} | [
{
"body": "Without any knowledge of the story, I would have to judge from the kanji used.\nHopefully, one of the following 'meanings' would fit the story.\n\n\"rape gang\", \"wicked family/group\", \"traitors' clique\", \"villains' faction\",\netc.\n\n「奸閥」 would be read 「かんばつ」 unless the author gives it an unusual and/or\ncreative reading. If you could find no furigana in the book, then that would\nbe a good sign that 「かんばつ」 would be just about the only \"natural\" reading.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T09:07:12.837",
"id": "41620",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T09:13:26.517",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T09:13:26.517",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "41616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I haven't seen this anime, but ブブキ・ブランキ is basically a sci-fi? Then first I\nwould like to mention that this art style is not that of modern Japanese. This\nreminds me of certain [\"far-right\" political\nfactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyoku_dantai) which typically use odd,\nold-fashioned and propagandistic wordings, simulating a propaganda poster from\naround the 1920's. They tend to use difficult words made of difficult kanji\nfor whatever reasons. Basically I won't be surprised if they create new kanji\ncompounds which suit their needs, because they obviously hate katakana words\n:-)\n\nI haven't seen 奸閥 itself, and both 奸 and 閥 are not commonly used today.\n\n * 奸: I barely know that this kanji was used in some historical contexts and means a morally evil person. But I can safely say this kanji is almost dead today among ordinary people. かん is the only reading I know.\n * 閥: 財閥 and 学閥 are the only words I know, both of which have negative connotations. ばつ is the only reading I know.\n\nSo the word 奸閥 looks reasonable to me as a _historical_ word that means \"evil\nsyndicate.\" I'm not sure if this is a real word or a made-up one (either by a\nreal political group or the anime staff).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T09:42:24.217",
"id": "41622",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T09:49:04.207",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T09:49:04.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41616 | 41622 | 41622 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 小池百合子都知事の頑張っている姿、私は最大限評価している。ある意味の古い政治と向き合って戦って **おられる姿** 、共鳴もする。\n\nHow do you understand おられる姿?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T12:24:06.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41627",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T17:27:29.490",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T17:27:29.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18998",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of おられる姿",
"view_count": 375
} | [
{
"body": "It is not 「おられる姿{すがた}」 that you should be looking at.\n\nIt is:\n\n> 「戦{たたか}っておられる姿」\n\n「戦って **おられる** 」＝「戦って **いらっしゃる** 」\n\nBoth are **_expressions of respect_**. The plain form is 「戦って **いる** 」.\n\n「戦っておられる姿」 means \" ** _how she looks when fighting_** \". 「姿」 is a very\ndifficult word to translate. \" ** _the way someone looks_** \", \" ** _someone's\nappearance_** \", etc.\n\n> \"I also sympathize with the way she looks when fighting against the old, in\n> a sense, style of politics.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T13:14:28.927",
"id": "41628",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T13:14:28.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41627",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 41627 | null | 41628 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41632",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that to bring an object to somewhere would roughly translate to\n\n> ～にXを持って来て\n\nI've used this sentence structure for physical objects on numerous occasions,\nand have wondered if it would still be correct to use the same structure when\nyou are not _literally_ requesting something to be brought over.\n\nFor example, assuming the UK does not celebrate Halloween (Not quite sure if\nthey do), would it be grammatically correct to say\n\n> イギリスにハロウィーンを持って来てくれ！\n\nor assuming a product (for example Pepsi) is not available in some region\n\n> ～にペプシを持って来てくれ！\n\nor perhaps even to bring an idea such as democracy?\n\n> ～に民主主義を持って来てください\n\nIn the first and last example, nothing is requested to be _physically_ brought\nover, only requested to be _introduced_. In the second, while there in a\nphysical item involved, you're still not literally requesting a can of Pepsi\nto be brought to said region.\n\nWould it still be the right way to say it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T13:15:27.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41629",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-12T01:53:01.640",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-12T01:53:01.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18309",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"usage",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Non-literal bringing of something to somewhere",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "Only in highly informal speech, all of your examples can be expressed with\n「持{も}ってくる」, but in formal speech, it would look and sound far better if you\nused other words.\n\n(By the way, the phrase in question is 「持ってくる」 and not 「持てくる」. The latter\nmakes little sense.)\n\nHalloween to Country A:\n\n> 「[Country A] + **に** + ハロウィーン + **を** + 紹介{しょうかい}する」 (\"to introduce\") or\n>\n> 「[Country A] + **に** + ハロウィーン + **を** + 広{ひろ}める」 (\"to spread\")\n\nA new product to a place:\n\n> 「[Place] + **で** + ペプシ + **を** + 売{う}り出{だ}す」 \"to start selling\" or\n>\n> 「[Place] + **に** + ペプシ + **を** + 紹介する」 (\"to introduce\")\n\nDemocracy to a place:\n\n> 「[Place] + **に** + 民主主義｛みんしゅしゅぎ｝ + **を** + 導入｛どうにゅう｝する」\n\n「導入する」 means \" _ **to introduce a new system**_ \". A good word to add to your\nvocab.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T16:31:57.820",
"id": "41632",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T16:31:57.820",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41629",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 41629 | 41632 | 41632 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can I start my Japanese greeting card for a newborn?\n\nIs the following a correct sentence, in Japanese?\n\n> 新しい両親になるからおめでとうございます",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T13:56:06.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41630",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T15:21:09.633",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T14:07:35.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "19025",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "Greeting for a newborn baby?",
"view_count": 6448
} | [
{
"body": "The most common, therefore the safest, first phrases would include:\n\n> 「ご出産{しゅっさん}おめでとう（ございます）！」\n>\n> 「赤{あか}ちゃんの（ご）誕生{たんじょう}おめでとう！」\n>\n> 「お子様{こさま}のご誕生、心{こころ}よりお祝{いわ}い申{もう}し上{あ}げます。」\n>\n> 「[Baby name]ちゃんのご誕生おめでとう！」 ← if you already know the baby's name.\n\nYour attempt does not sound quite right unfortunately. 「なるから」 is too\ncolloquial/conversational. You could perhaps choose one from the above and add\na line like:\n\n> 「これで〇〇さんと〇〇さんもパパとママになれたね！」 ← if the baby is the couple's first child.\n\nNOTE: Greetings in Japanese are not very simple. What phrases would be best\nfor you would depend on the relationship between you and the baby's parents.\nWithout that piece of information, I could only give you the very common ones.\n\nFinally, if I were the parents of the newborn, I would be _**much**_ happier\nto receive a message with two dozen mistakes than a perfect one written with\nthe help of an internet native speaker. The baby's parents know exactly what\nyour current Japanese proficiency is like, don't they? Trust me, they would\nnot expect more than what you could come up with on your own.\n\nThis is something I have been telling Japanese-learners for many years without\nmuch success, unfortunately.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T15:05:10.210",
"id": "41631",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T15:21:09.633",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "41630",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 41630 | null | 41631 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41634",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can 体 (karada) and 肉体 (nikutai) be used interchangeably or is there a\ndifference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T20:20:12.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41633",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T22:08:57.663",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T20:51:38.120",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17502",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "what's the difference between 体 and 肉体?",
"view_count": 1052
} | [
{
"body": "I would not use the two words interchangeably. If you are unsure of the\ncorrect context, it might be better to default to 体{からだ}.\n\n体 is a noun used generally to describe the body as an object. Using 体 is a lot\nmore common in everyday usage.\n\n肉体{にくたい} also means body but referring to the underlying flesh/blood/bones in\na more vivid way.\n\n肉体労働{にくたいろうどう}をする。 \"To do manual/physical labor\" is a phrase where 肉体 might be\ncommonly used.\n\n肉体関係{にくたいかんけい} means \"physical or sexual relationship.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T20:55:06.210",
"id": "41634",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T22:08:57.663",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-11T22:08:57.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "18140",
"owner_user_id": "18140",
"parent_id": "41633",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Now I ain't a expert, but 体 refers to the concept of a body in a vary broad\nsense while 肉体 refers to a body as in a body of meat, being more specific due\nto the 肉.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-11T20:55:12.487",
"id": "41635",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-11T20:55:12.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"parent_id": "41633",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41633 | 41634 | 41634 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "what is the difference between these two sentences:\n\n 1. Nanika shitaidesuka/ Nanika shitai n desuka\n\n 2. Nani o shimasuka.\n``` Thanks\n\n \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T01:10:04.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41636",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-12T10:23:32.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18992",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Shitai desu and shimasu",
"view_count": 7875
} | [
{
"body": "When you use the \"tai\" form of a verb, it expresses the desire to do\nsomething.\n\n何{なに}かしたいですか。\n\nNanika shitai desuka\n\n> Do you want to do something?\n\n何{なに}をしますか。\n\nNani o shimasuka\n\n> What (you/we) (do/will do)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T01:18:32.200",
"id": "41637",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-12T02:51:29.977",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-12T02:51:29.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "18140",
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "41636",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "〜たい (…tai) means **want**. It expresses desire.\n\n> Nanika shitaidesuka/ Nanika shitai n desuka\n\nThese means \"Do you want to do something?\" Even if the sentence has `n` in\nbetween shitai and desuka, its meaning are _changeless_.\n\n> nani o shimasuka\n\nThis means \"what you do?\" That is why it does not has `...tai`, it does not\nexpress desire.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T10:23:32.583",
"id": "41642",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-12T10:23:32.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14627",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 41636 | null | 41637 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41639",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the following sentence.\n\n> 日本の料理{りょうり}ほど微妙{びみょう}で、繊細{せんさい}なものはない。\n\nIs 微妙で繊細な a redundant phrase?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T02:49:28.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41638",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-12T04:29:55.873",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-12T04:29:55.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "18140",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is 微妙で繊細な a redundant phrase?",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "Although 微妙 and 繊細 refer to similar things (\"delicate\"), this sentence looks\njust fine to me. IMHO Calling this a redundant sentence is bit too nitpicky.\n\nActually, you should not use 微妙 alone in this case. 微妙 is a nuanced word these\ndays and it may mean negative things depending on the context. (See: [Why does\n微妙 become \"sucky\" in slang\nusage?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3346/5010)) If you said\n日本の料理ほど微妙なものはない, it might mean something negative. If you combine 微妙 with 繊細,\nthere is no room for misunderstanding because 繊細 has a positive connotation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T03:36:12.687",
"id": "41639",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-12T03:36:12.687",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41638",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41638 | 41639 | 41639 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I wonder if there is any particular name for those repeating-word adverbs\n(such as すくすく or ころころ). It seems to me that there are quite a number of them\nand they seem somehow special.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T07:11:37.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41640",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-12T07:11:37.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18586",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Is there a particular name for repeating-word adverb?",
"view_count": 47
} | []
| 41640 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41645",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Currently I am trying to translate a video that's supposed to be a parody of\nsome Japanese kids show.\n\nAt some point the character uses a magic spell and it gives me a hard time on\nmore than one level: <https://vid.me/necA>\n\n 1. I can't really hear what the girl says exactly. I came up with\n\n> じゃあいつもの魔法を使うよ：テラ、テラ、テラ、くるりんパ。\n\nHere, \"Terra\" is the place where they are teleporting, but it's the final part\nthat puzzles me. For more context, here's the full video :\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTwLaJhmr40>\n\n 2. I can't really tell if it's supposed to be a reference to pop culture or some other well-known thing in Japan and finally, I feel like it's a little bit harder to translate these special phrases compared to the sentences we generally hear, so I could greatly appreciate some help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T15:03:10.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41643",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-12T16:01:56.700",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-12T15:16:58.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18641",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to understand (and translate) this magic spell?",
"view_count": 441
} | [
{
"body": "My kinda question, this is, sadly....\n\n 1. **_You are hearing the magic spell correctly_**. To be picky, we tend to pronounce the last syllable as 「パッ」 rather than the plain 「パ」. The pink character in the video pronounces it 「パッ」 as well.\n\n 2. 「くるりんパ（ッ）」 consisits of **_two onomatopoeias_**. Conquer our onomatopoeias (and particles) and you will conquer our language, trust me.\n\n「くるり（ん）」 is a very common onomatopoeia to describe a thing's circular or\nrotating motion as in rotating a magic wand.\n\n「パ（ッ）」 is an onomatopoeia describing a thing's movement or appearance **_all\nof a sudden_**. Use a magic and something will happen all of a sudden, won't\nit? The two \"guys\" suddenly got transported into the building/offices,\ncorrect?\n\nThe use of the magic spell in the video should not be a reference to a\nparticular phenomenon in our pop culture. We all have been hearing this spell\nin stories since childhood.\n\nIf my life depended on translating this spell, I might go with:\n\n> \"Round and round and here we go!\"",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-12T16:01:56.700",
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| 41643 | 41645 | 41645 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am wondering what is the correct way to interpret the こと in this sentence:\n\n> どこかへお花見に行きませんこと。\n\nIt is an example sentence found in the book \"All About Particles\" (page 120).\nIt's described as being basically an alternative way to entice/invite someone\nto do something together. If that's true, how does こと change the meaning and\nfeeling of the sentence, especially when compared to:\n\n> どこかへお花見に行きませんか。\n>\n> どこかへお花見に行きましょう。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-12T15:41:43.230",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"sentence-final-particles",
"role-language"
],
"title": "Function of the sentence final particle こと in this sentence",
"view_count": 1202
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's true and it is placed at the end of a sentence. However we don't use\nthis usage of こと except very elegant and rich ladies.\n\nI have never heard this こと in real life. I wonder if there are people who use\nthis こと now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T16:11:21.063",
"id": "41646",
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"score": 4
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{
"body": "I seriously hope your book explains who (what group of people) would say:\n\n> 「どこかへお花見{はなみ}に行{い}きません **こと** 。」 (\"Shall we go someplace for flower-\n> viewing?\")\n\nUpper-middle-class dames _might_ say it, if no one else. More realistically\nspeaking, though, I would almost exclusively expect to hear it _**in\nfiction**_ as part of the 役割語{やくわりご} ( _ **role language**_ ) for such a\nfemale character.\n\nFiction or real life, this particular sentence will be uttered with a\n**rising** intonation at its end.\n\nThe functions of this elegant, feminine sentence-ending particle are to:\n\n 1. Casually make suggestions\n\n 2. Casually ask questions\n\n 3. Stating opinions\n\nThe meaning of this sentence is the exact same as that of each of the two\nother sentences you listed.\n\nThe feeling, however, is quite different for the reason that I have discussed\nabove.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T16:16:23.400",
"id": "41647",
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| 41644 | null | 41647 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41652",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to say, that the weaving machine is weaving material on high speed\nusing synthetic fibre. But I am confused, if I can use the combination\n合繊【ごうせん】から instead of 合繊【ごうせん】で, so I won't have で twice in my sentence...\n\nCould you please help me understand which, から or で, is better here and why?\n\n> 織機【しょっき】は超速【ちょうそく】でこの合繊【ごうせん】 **で** 生地【きじ】を織ります【おります】。\n>\n> ｖｓ\n>\n> 織機【しょっき】は超速【ちょうそく】でこの合繊【ごうせん】 **から** 生地【きじ】を織ります【おります】。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T17:42:46.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41649",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"particles",
"particle-で",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "What to use, 合繊で or 合繊から？",
"view_count": 100
} | [
{
"body": "Perhaps you should say:\n\n> 織機は超速で生地をこの合繊から織ります。\n\nIt flows a little better.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-12T18:35:33.737",
"id": "41651",
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{
"body": "Both で and から work fine. Using で twice itself does not look odd to me because\nthese two で clearly serve different functions. But in this case から may be a\nbit easier to understand because it's more explicit about what turns into\nwhat. Another simple way to say this is 合繊 **を** 生地 **に** 織りあげます. Many\ncompound verbs in the form of ～あげる take `AをBに` and add the meaning of \"putting\nA into B\" (e.g, 鍛えあげる, まとめあげる, おだてあげる, 仕立てあげる).\n\nWhat I'm more concerned with is the mixture of casual and technical words. 織機\nis a difficult and technical term, while 超速 is a highly casual and/or manga-\nlike word. If you want to put this sentence rather seriously, you should use\n高速で (\"high speed\") or 超高速で (\"super-high speed\") instead. 合繊 also looks jargon-\nlike to me, so you might want to replace it with 合成繊維 depending on the\naudience of this sentence.\n\n> 織機は合成繊維を高速で生地に織り上げます。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-13T00:05:32.993",
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| 41649 | 41652 | 41651 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41654",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 「バカっ。タダでもらえりゃなんでももらうのかおまえはっ」 \n> Idiot! Will you take anything if you can get it for free? \n> 「うん、 **わりかし** もらう方だね。よっぽどいらない物以外はっ」 \n> Yes, I _tend towards_ the receiving side. Unless it's something I really\n> don't need.\n\nGoo tells me that わりかし is a vulgar way to say わりかた. But I don't understand how\nto use that word either.\n\nI can't see how translations of 'rather', 'quite' or 'comparatively' can fit\ninto this sentence. To me these words should modify other adjectives/adverbs\nrather than verbs. Is there an implied adverb missing?\n\nMore generally how do I use わりかし? Could you perhaps give a few examples?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-12T18:35:19.760",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Understanding わりかし",
"view_count": 287
} | [
{
"body": "わりかし certainly sounds slangy/colloquial, but its original version, わりかた, is\nrarely used today. A less slangy way to say this is\n[わりと](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%89%B2%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A8) (relatively, rather).\nIn a very formal situation, you need to use 比較的 (comparatively).\n\nAs for translation, yes, \"rather\" is the first word that come up to my mind.\nIn informal situations, わりと and わりかし can directly modify normal verbs like\nthis:\n\n> * 彼女はテレビで{わりと/わりかし}見る。 ≒ 彼女はテレビで比較的よく見る。 \n> She is seen rather commonly on TV.\n> * 彼は{わりと/わりかし}食べる。 ≒ 彼は比較的よく食べる。 \n> He is rather a good eater.\n>\n\nPerhaps it's okay to assume something like よく is omitted after わりと, if it\nhelps you.",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-13T00:19:06.480",
"id": "41653",
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{
"body": "How about:\n\n> \"Yeah, pretty much so.\" or\n>\n> \"Oh yeah, I'm pretty much the type (who ~~~~).\"\n\nAt the least, that is the \"feeling\" of the expression 「わりかし～～方{ほう}だね」.\nDictionaries will give you definitions, but they will not teach you how a\nword/phrase actually _**feels**_ to the native speakers. Without a feeling for\nthe word, no good translation will come.\n\nThose translations of mine should capture the feeling I am talking about, but\nthey do not reflect the grammar used in the phrase. As far as pure grammar,\n「わりかし」modifies the following verb「もらう」 because 「わりかし」 is an adverb.\n\nA proper grammar analysis and a good translation are often two different\nthings altogether.\n\nHow native speakers use 「わりかし」:\n\n> 「このピザ、わりかしうまいね。」 \" _ **This pizza tastes quite good**_.\"\n\nModifies the adjective 「うまい」.\n\n> 「わりかし打{う}つね、あのバッター。」 (in baseball) \" _ **That batter hits rather well**_.\" ←\n> Implies \"better than expected\".\n\nModifies the verb 「打つ」.",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-13T00:26:57.523",
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| 41650 | 41654 | 41653 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41690",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm attempting to translate a blurb about a wadaiko (和太鼓) composition, but am\nstruggling with the way in which certain particles are used (or not used).\nI've highlighted specific questions below:\n\n> 空穿ちて道ひらく\n>\n> Striking the Sky to Reveal My Path\n\nIs there a particular feeling I should be picking up on given the lack of\nobject particles, or is this simply a stylistic tendency in titles?\n\n> 大太鼓に向かう時はいつも、「演奏する」 **というより** 「挑む」という心境になる。\n>\n> When I approach the odaiko, I've come to think of it as **more of** a\n> challenge than a performance.\n\nIs it appropriate here to make the comparison using \"more of\", as opposed to\nphrasing it like... \"think of it as a challenge, rather than a performance,\"\nor are either interpretations acceptable when using 「より」?\n\n> 何かを乗り越えようと扉を開こうとしているような気がする。\n>\n> It feels as if I'm attempting to overcome something; to open a door.\n\nI understand 「ようと」as attempting to do something, but am unsure of how it works\nin linking clauses; is it treated similarly to linking verbs using て-form?\n\n> 果てしなく広がる宇宙空間のような打面（皮面） **を** 音色、緩急、間、スピード感などあらゆる技術 **を**\n> 駆使してひたすら打ち込むことで、未来への光（道筋）を探している。\n>\n> The face of the drum expanding endlessly before me, I'm determined to strike\n> utilizing every skill at my disposal - tone, tempo, space, sense of speed -\n> searching for the light that will lead me into the future; my path.\n\nI don't understand the function of the first を at all, and with or without it,\nI'm having trouble following the structure of the various clauses included\nhere with any kind of confidence. Also, **bonus question** , what is the\ndifference between 「緩急」(tempo), and スピード感 (sense of speed)? Is \"sense of\nspeed\" supposed to mean something more like \"internalizing the beat\"?\n\nThank you in advance for your time and any insights you may have!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T03:40:32.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41655",
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"owner_user_id": "3585",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"particles"
],
"title": "Help understanding how particles and structure (∅, より, ようと, を) affect this translation",
"view_count": 208
} | [
{
"body": "> Is there a particular feeling I should be picking up on given the lack of\n> object particles, or is this simply a stylistic tendency in titles?\n\nIn general it's done for artistic purposes (i.e. usually not in practical\nsentences), and has an archaic tone. Written language generally used to use\nthis style so it's like being purposefully archaic.\n\n> 果てしなく広がる宇宙空間のような打面（皮面）を 音色、緩急、間、スピード感などあらゆる技術を駆使して\n> ひたすら打ち込むことで、未来への光（道筋）を探している。\n\nThe first を simply indicates that something is being done to 打面. The second を\nindicates that _all kinds of techniques_ are being used. Once can remove the\nsecond part like this:\n\n> 果てしなく広がる宇宙空間のような打面（皮面）をひたすら打ち込むことで、未来への光（道筋）を探している。\n\nAnd the second part explains how it was being struck. You can also see that\nthe person should have chosen に instead of を, because 打面を打ち込む is not\ngramatical. The author probably got carried away. Had he/she used ひたすら叩く, then\nを would have been appropriate.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-13T23:31:05.817",
"id": "41679",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-13T23:31:05.817",
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},
{
"body": "> 空穿{そらうが}ちて道{みち}ひらく\n>\n> Is there a particular feeling I should be picking up on given the lack of\n> object particles, or is this simply a stylistic tendency in titles?\n\nIt is both. Think of this as a prose version of a Japanese newspaper headlne.\nRule #1 in \"headline grammar\" is: \" _ **Use as few particles as possible**_.\"\n\nFor prose titles, literary expressions are often used as this one. 「空穿ちて道ひらく」\nis the literary form of 「空 **を** 穿って道 **を** ひらく」. The author could have used\neither one, but it seems his/her aesthetic preference happened to be the\nformer.\n\n> 大太鼓{おおだいこ}に向{む}かう時{とき}はいつも、「演奏{えんそう}する」 **というより** 「挑{いど}む」という心境{しんきょう}になる。\n>\n> Is it appropriate here to make the comparison using \"more of\", as opposed to\n> phrasing it like... \"think of it as a challenge, rather than a performance,\"\n> or are either interpretations acceptable when using 「より」?\n\nI personally would see no difference, basically. Either should work. I myself\nmight use \"I feel as if I were ~~~ rather than just ~~~.\", but don't trust me;\nI know very little English.\n\n> 何{なに}かを乗{の}り越{こ}えようと扉{とびら}を開{ひら}こうとしているような気{き}がする。\n>\n> It feels as if I'm attempting to overcome something; to open a door.\n\nHere I must say your translation is off unless it was meant to be a free\ntranslation. At least that is not what the original literally means. The\noriginal says \" _ **I feel as if I were trying to open a door in order to\novercome something**_.\"\n\n> I understand 「ようと」as attempting to do something, but am unsure of how it\n> works in linking clauses; is it treated similarly to linking verbs using\n> て-form?\n\nPrecisely. In meaning, 「～～ようと～～」＝「～～ようとして～～」.\n\nWhat I am not convinced (from your TL), however, is whether or not you\nunderstood that 「扉を開こうとしている」 is the main one of the two actions mentioned; It\nis not 「乗り越えよう」.\n\n> 果{は}てしなく広{ひろ}がる宇宙空間{うちゅうくうかん}のような打面{だめん}（皮面{ひめん}） **を**\n> 音色{ねいろ}、緩急{かんきゅう}、間{ま}、スピード感{かん}などあらゆる技術{ぎじゅつ} **を**\n> 駆使{くし}してひたすら打{う}ち込{こ}むことで、未来{みらい}への光{ひかり}（道筋{みちすじ}）を探{さが}している。\n>\n> I don't understand the function of the first を at all, and with or without\n> it, I'm having trouble following the structure of the various clauses\n> included here with any kind of confidence.\n\n「打面（皮面）を」 is the direct object of the verb 「打ち込む」. Your fine understanding of\nthe clauses is clearly reflected in your translation.\n\n> Also, bonus question, what is the difference between 「緩急」(tempo), and スピード感\n> (sense of speed)? Is \"sense of speed\" supposed to mean something more like\n> \"internalizing the beat\"?\n\nThere is surely some overlap between the two, but 「緩急」 would tend to refer to\nthe wide _**variety**_ of tempos used while 「スピード感」 would tend to focus on the\nfaster tempos.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"id": "41690",
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}
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| 41655 | 41690 | 41679 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41657",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Based on this description below:\n\n_Vegetarians do not eat meat, fish, or poultry. Vegans, in addition to being\nvegetarian, do not use other animal products and by-products such as eggs,\ndairy products, honey, leather, fur, silk, wool, cosmetics, and soaps derived\nfrom animal products._\n\nThe word for vegetarian which I know of is : 菜食主義者 \nIs there any word to described Vegans in Japanese as described above?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T08:15:15.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41656",
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"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Japanese for Vegan & Vegetarians",
"view_count": 2173
} | [
{
"body": "The concept of veganism is scarcely recognized in Japan. When you really have\nto refer to it, you may use\nヴィーガン/[ヴィーガニズム](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0),\nfollowed by its explanation. Some people seem to use words like 絶対菜食主義 or\n完全菜食主義, but these are not widely recognized, either. Apparently most Japanese\narticles regarding veganism primarily use ヴィーガニズム, and optionally introduce\n絶対菜食主義/完全菜食主義 as a possible translation. At any rate, you probably have to\nexplain what this word means.\n\nWeblio defines it as 完全菜食主義. ALC defines veganism descriptively as:\n\n> veganism: 【名】〔動物性食物を一切拒否する〕厳格な菜食主義",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-13T08:40:12.137",
"id": "41657",
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| 41656 | 41657 | 41657 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41664",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there any difference between 消して and 消しして in the following sentences?\n\nFor example,\n\n> A: 手紙を書いては消し、書いては **消しして** いるうちに、朝になってしまった。\n>\n> B: 手紙を書いては消し、書いては **消して** いるうちに、朝になってしまった。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T09:42:49.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41658",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 19,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"て-form",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "\"Te-form\" versus \"masu-stem + して\" (消しているうちに versus 消ししているうちに)",
"view_count": 1105
} | [
{
"body": "Their meaning are the same but the structure of them are a bit different.\n\nIf を add the sentence A, it is easy to understand like\n手紙を書いては消し、書いては消しをしているうちに.That is to say, I am doing the action of\n書いては消し,書いては消し(write and erase).\n\n書いては消している is progressive form of 書いては消す.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T12:10:58.843",
"id": "41663",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "`A (te-form) + は + B (masu-form)` is a common pattern that describes someone\nrepeatedly/habitually does B right after A as a paired action. See: [〜しては is\nthis a grammar pattern?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6669/5010) This\nset is often repeated for emphasis: `A ては B、A ては B`.\n\n * 幼い頃、よく泣いては母親を困らせていた。 \nWhen I was young I _always_ cried and annoyed my mother.\n\nInterestingly, `AてはB` as a whole sometimes behaves like a long noun phrase. B\ncan be a te-form, too:\n\n * 食【く】っては寝【ね】 **の** 生活をする \n食っては寝て **の** 生活をする \nto live idly (do nothing but eating and sleeping)\n\n * 食っちゃ寝、食っちゃ寝 **の** 生活をする (emphasized)\n * 作っては壊し(て) **の** 連続で、まったく完成しない。\n * 家に帰っては呼び出され(て) **で** 、休む暇がない。 \nBecause I am called right after returning home many times, I have no time to\nrest.\n\n * 映画を見てはブログに感想を書き、 **を** 3年続けました。\n\nAnd it can even take another する as if `AてはB` were a long suru-verb!\n\n * 冬休みの間は、食っちゃ寝、食っちゃ寝していました。\n * 稼いでは使い、稼いでは使いしていたら、お金は貯まらないよ。\n\nOf course you cannot usually say 寝する nor 使いする.\n\nI feel `AてはB` tends to be treated like a noun especially when two verbs are\nshort and commonly paired; e.g., 食っては寝, 書いては消し, 打っては走り, 作っては壊し,\n[ちぎっては投げ](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A1%E3%81%8E%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF%E6%8A%95%E3%81%92%E3%81%A1%E3%81%8E%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF%E6%8A%95%E3%81%92%E3%81%AE).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T13:34:44.807",
"id": "41664",
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"score": 15
}
]
| 41658 | 41664 | 41664 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41661",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "After looking online, I found a counter supposedly for grams: 匁(monme). Is\nthis right? Also, would I just use it with the noun + particle + counter +\nverb form? Like 食べ物の一千匁をもって来る.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T10:08:36.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41659",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-13T11:38:40.807",
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"owner_user_id": "18946",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"counters"
],
"title": "counters for weight?",
"view_count": 793
} | [
{
"body": "匁 is an old Japanese unit for weight and it's approximately equal to 3.75 g.\nSee: [Japanese units of\nmeasurement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_units_of_measurement).\nIt's almost never used today, and you can probably forget it for now.\n\nTo refer to grams, you have to say グラム, which is just a transliteration of\n'gram'. Actually there is a kanji for 'gram', which is\n[瓦](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6). But this is also almost never\nused in modern Japanese, and you should not use this.\n\nWhen you want to use の, the correct syntax is `number + unit + の + object`\n(e.g., 5冊の本, 3人の先生). The correct sentence would be:\n\n> 1000グラムの食べ物を持ってくる。 \n> I bring 1000 grams of food.\n\nAlternatively you can avoid using の and say:\n\n> 食べ物を1000グラム持ってくる。\n\nSee the discussion here: [How to list numbers of\nthings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17816/5010)\n\n(I used Arabic numerals which are usually preferred in horizontal writings)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T11:33:39.137",
"id": "41661",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
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},
{
"body": "As in other languages, Japanese has various ways to express weight. The most\npopular terms are キログラム (kilogram) and グラム (gram). キロ is broadly used for\nキログラム, but you should note that it could also mean キロメートル (kilometer) and\nキロワット (kilowatt) depending on context.\n\n[匁]{もんめ} is tricky and as far as I know, it is mainly used to refer to weight\nof precious metals such as gold or silver.\n\n[斤]{きん} is 600 grams and it is mainly used for bread or meat.\n\nYou can read the linked Wikipedia article on [Japanese units of\nmeasurement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_units_of_measurement).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T11:34:08.137",
"id": "41662",
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]
| 41659 | 41661 | 41661 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41667",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I jotted this down while playing a video game and didn't have a chance to get\naround to asking what the heck it mean until now.\n\n（アベノ）ウシワカ隊長に追い付け飛び付けッス\n\nParticularly, what's standing out to me is the last part of that phase, 飛び付け.\nI don't even know where to begin with that one.\n\nI also want to bring up that when I googled this phrase, thinking, \"Oh hey,\nmaybe this is another weird cultural thing I don't get!\", 追いつけ追い越せ popped up\nas one of the first results, while typing. As a bit of a side note, I\nunderstand that particular phrase to mean something along the lines of \"to\ncatch up with and pass\". Not sure if that's completely related or not though.\n\nAnyway, any and all help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for reading. ^-^",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T14:01:51.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41665",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-13T14:31:36.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12154",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 追い付け飛び付け mean?",
"view_count": 123
} | [
{
"body": "「飛{と}び付{つ} **け** 」 is the imperative form of 「飛び付 **く** 」(\"to jump on (a\nperson/thing)\".\n\n「 **追{お}い付け飛び付け** 」 = \" ** _Catch up and jump on (him)!_** \"\n\nWithout being familiar with this game or the story, I should not be making a\nhasty conclusion, but I do suspect that the phrase 「追い付け飛び付け」 might well be a\nparodic expression of the far more common 「追いつけ追い越{こ}せ」 (\"Catch up and\npass!\").\n\n> \"Catch up and jump on Captain Ushiwaka, I say!\"\n\nThe 「ッス」 part at the end is highly colloquial. Its function is the affirm\none's own word, which is why I used \"I say\" in my English translation. The\n\"sentence\" was never meant to follow the traditional prose grammar in the\nfirst place.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T14:30:45.130",
"id": "41666",
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},
{
"body": "Judging from what's written in this blog post...:\n<http://mysteriousgarden.blog32.fc2.com/blog-entry-279.html>\n\n> 「オレ、ウシワカ隊長にはマジ憧れてるッスから」って \n> 「それはもう色々調べてるんス」って・・・ \n> アベノはやっぱり・・・(ﾉﾟ⊿ﾟ)ﾉ \n> いや、微笑ましいので良いけどね、アベノ。 \n> ハート飛ばしながら“追い付け 飛び付け”って違うよーアベノたん。 \n> 追い付け追い越せだよね、普通はさ。\n\nアベノ not only respects ウシワカ as an ideal boss, he also seems to have a special\nemotion toward ウシワカ. The \"normal\" phrase he should have used here is 追いつけ追い越せ,\nwhich is a common set phrase, as you already know. But he (jokingly or\nunintentionally) said 飛びつけ instead, which is _literally_ jumping in to ウシワカ,\nimplying his affection.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T14:31:36.253",
"id": "41667",
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}
]
| 41665 | 41667 | 41666 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41669",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I get asked this question a lot, and _most of the time_ , I would reply 今はいない. \nHowever, recently I thought that I might be unintentionally lying. \nCan anyone tell me which of the following does it **usually** mean?\n\n 1. She's not here with me now.\n\n 2. I'm not attached.\n\n 3. I'm attached most of the time but now I am not attached.\n\n 4. I've never been attached before and I'm afraid to admit it openly.\n\nI know that Japanese is a very ambiguous language and it probably could be any\nof the 4 (or maybe more), but I'd like to know the usual/common interpretation\nof the answer.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T14:31:46.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41668",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-13T15:56:42.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "9861",
"owner_user_id": "9861",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "「今はいない」as a response to 「彼女いるの？」",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "It means 3. By saying 今は, you are implying you usually have a 彼女.\n\nDepending on the tone of your voice or your facial expression, the asker might\nsuspect you are showing off and your actual situation is 4., but that's\nanother story.\n\nOf course this sentence can mean 1 if the question was \"where is your\ngirlfriend?\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T14:46:33.897",
"id": "41669",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-13T14:46:33.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41668 | 41669 | 41669 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41672",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I did not find any resources explaining the following grammar.\n\n> N に N を V\n\nFor example,\n\n> **調査に調査を重ねて** 事故の原因を究明した。\n\nWhat kind of grammar is it? What does it mean?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T15:48:54.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41670",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-14T01:13:02.087",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-14T01:13:02.087",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "What kind of grammar is it in 調査に調査を重ねて?",
"view_count": 824
} | [
{
"body": "> X に X を重ねる (lit. _to pile up X (further) onto X_ )\n\nis an idiomatic phrase to mean \"doing X extensively, or unthinkably many times\nover\", usually X is a noun that means some kind of (hard) work.\n\nI also often hear:\n\n> 研究に研究を重ねる \n> 努力に努力を重ねる \n> 改良に改良を重ねる etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T16:07:29.623",
"id": "41672",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-13T16:07:29.623",
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"score": 10
},
{
"body": "> 「N に N を V」 when the verb is 「重{かさ}ねる」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"to do/make one N after another\" or\n>\n> \"to do/make N repeatedly\"\n\n「調査{ちょうさ}に調査を重ねる」 thus means \" _ **to conduct one investigation after\nanother**_ \".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T16:11:52.950",
"id": "41673",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-13T16:11:52.950",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41670",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 41670 | 41672 | 41672 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> アリスが先生に田中にあれを見せてくれる\n\nLet's assume this is in the third person point of view (I'm not included). Now\nhow do I know, between Tanaka and The teacher, is the one that will be the\ntarget of the verb and the receiver of the favor?\n\nAlice gives the favor of showing that to Tanaka for the teacher.(For teacher's\nsake)\n\nAlice gives the favor of showing that to the Teacher for Tanaka.(For Tanaka's\nsake)\n\nThe scenario is that \"Alice shows _that_ to Tanaka, giving/doing a favor to\nthe teacher.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T15:57:14.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41671",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-13T16:54:35.807",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-13T16:04:23.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "15891",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to differentiate the receiver of favor(giving) and the receiver of verb?",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "Your sentence:\n\n> 「アリスが先生{せんせい}に田中{たなか}にあれを見{み}せてくれる。」\n\nhas a problem in the 「先生に田中に」 part that is preventing the sentence from making\nperfect sense. Depending on your intended meaning, the 「くれる」 part would also\nneed to be corrected.\n\nIf you wanted to say that Alice will show Tanaka something, which in turn will\nalso benefit the teacher in some way, you could say:\n\n> 「先生のために、アリスが田中にあれを（見せる or 見せて **あげる** ）。」 or\n>\n> 「アリスが、先生のために田中にあれを（見せる or 見せて **あげる** ）。」\n\nStill, my sentences sound only 90% natural on the native level since they are\nbased off of your original sentence. To make them sound completely natural,\nmore information might be needed on exactly how this will benefit the teacher\nand/or what it is that Alice is showing Tanaka -- in other words, the whole\nstory. It might even take two sentences to do it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T16:54:35.807",
"id": "41674",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "41671",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 41671 | null | 41674 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41677",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "According to the Fields medal winner Cédric Villani, in the Japanese language\nthe word ' **analysis** ' is (I quote) \" _the same word_ \" as the word for '\n**fine cuisine** '.\n\nSuch can be seen in [a video of a recorded lecture of him entitled \"The\nExtraordinary Theorems of John Nash\" at the Royal Institution, published on 2\nNovember 2016, about 22 minutes and 12 seconds through the\nfootage](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHKa8F-RsEM&t=1332).\n\nI assume that Villani has more knowledge of mathematics than of Japanese, and\nwe have to bear in mind this was not the focus of the speech but one of many\ntrivialities to (quite successfully in my opinion) spice up the\ncomprehensibility and inspiration of a math lecture.\n\nOf further interest: is the Japanese word for ' **analysis** ' at least part\nof the Japanese term for ' **mathematical analysis** ', or requires the second\nspecific mathematical meaning an exclusive expression instead?\n\nWho can elaborate on, clarify, validate or debunk this please? In particular,\nit is not clear what is insinuated by the usage of the expression \" _the same\nword_ \". Which word is being concerned here please?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T23:00:52.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41676",
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"owner_user_id": "19054",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 22,
"tags": [
"translation",
"homophonic-kanji",
"terminology",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "Is [mathematical] 'analysis' in Japanese the same word as 'fine cuisine' in Japanese?",
"view_count": 5291
} | [
{
"body": "No. Japanese \"haute cuisine\" is called 懐石(料理). Mathematical analysis is 解析(学).\nWhat is true is that 懐石 and 解析 are homophones, both pronounced かいせき and, in\ncontext, both may be referred to as かいせき. However, they are not the same word.\n\nBy the way, there are more homophones for かいせき, so he could have also said\nthat \"analysis\" is the \"same word\" as _bizarre stones_ (怪石) or _dissection_\n(as in dissected/heavily eroded plateau) (開析) or even _meeting place_ or\n_party table_ (会席).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T23:16:08.640",
"id": "41677",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-13T23:34:34.317",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-13T23:34:34.317",
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},
{
"body": "While the pronunciation is the same, the words' etymologies are unrelated.\n\nMathematical analysis is 解析(kaiseki かいせき) while (Japanese) fine cuisine is\n懐石(kaiseki かいせき).\n\nBoth 解 and 析 roughly stands for \"understanding\", \"taking apart\". For example,\n解説(kaisetu) means \"To orally explain\", 分析(bunseki) means \"To analyze\". On the\nother hand, 懐(kai) refers to the pocket-like space that is created above the\nbelt, around the belly button and 石(seki) means stone. It originally refers to\na technique used by Buddhists, where they would pack a warm stone in that\npocket to suppress hunger.\n\nI.e. they are not at all the same word, but they do share the pronunciation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-13T23:16:22.907",
"id": "41678",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-13T23:16:22.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
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}
]
| 41676 | 41677 | 41677 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently read the document [\"Old Japanese\nLoanwords\"](http://conf.ling.cornell.edu/japanese_historical_linguistics/3.2%20Loanwords.pdf)\nby Frellesvig, where he states:\n\n> OJ _kamwi_ ~ _kamu-_ 'spirit, deity' may well be borrowed from an ancestor\n> of Ainu _kamuy_ 'bear; deity'.\n\nEver since I heard of the word \"kamuy\", I figured there was a connection to 神.\nBut why do we believe that it is likeliest for 神 to be borrowed from \"kamuy\",\nrather than \"kamuy\" being borrowed from 神, or both of them coming from a\ncommon substratum? (Or, if this is actually a controversial stance, what is\nthe evidence on which Frellesvig bases his belief?)",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-14T04:00:50.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41681",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-01T12:35:00.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"history",
"ainu"
],
"title": "Why do we believe that 神 is likely to be a loan from Ainu?",
"view_count": 614
} | [
{
"body": "**Archaeological Data** \nThe Ainu people are descended primarily from the Jōmon people and secondarily\nfrom the Yayoi. Modern Japanese people are descended primarily from the Yayoi,\nsecondarily from the Jōmon, and tertiarily from ethnic Koreans. There is still\ndebate whether the Yayoi emigrated to the Japanese Archipelago from Mumun\nperiod Korea or from the Yuyue State in Eastern Zhou period China. In either\ncase, neither group's religious culture was as similar to modern Shinto as\nJōmon & Ainu animism is.\n\nKeep in mind that 氏神{うじがみ} are tied to specific locations which would mean\nthat the emigrants (Yayoi/Japanese) either established new sacred places in\nJapan or the natives (Jōmon/Ainu) had already established certain areas as\nsacred.\n\n**Linguistic Data** \nThe kanji `神` predates the Yayoi by several hundred years, showing up in\noracle bone script.\n\n> [かみ] often appears in compounds as /kamu/ (modern /kaɴ/), indicating that\n> /kami/ is a bound or fused form deriving from */kamu.i/. Note that this\n> final i may be the Old Japanese emphatic nominative particle い (i), likely\n> cognate with Korean nominative particle 이 (i). Such fusion has occurred in\n> other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, “eye”, from ma + i) or 酒 (sake, “saké,\n> liquor”, from saka + i).\n\n～[Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E#Etymology_1)\n\nEven with the combination of the above evidence we can't definitively say that\n`かみ` originated as `カムイ`, but it is the most likely scenario given the\navailable data.\n\nPlease comment if I've missed anything above.",
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| 41681 | null | 48948 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41686",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to translate the following sentence to Japanese.\n\n> In order not to make her angry but make her delighted, I must choose a\n> proper gift for her birthday.\n\nMy attempt is as follows,\n\n> 彼女は **怒られないように、または喜ぶために** 、妥当な誕生日へのプルゼントを選ばなくてはならない。\n\nIs it natural? Is there any other better way to say \"in order not to make her\nangry but to make her delighted\" ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-14T05:45:54.227",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say \"In order not to make her angry but make her delighted\"?",
"view_count": 207
} | [
{
"body": "または means \"or\", so your sentence sort mean that you want her to not get angry\nOR get happy.\n\nYou might wanna use より(よりむしろ) instead. To mean \"instead\".\n\nAlso, I think that 怒られる would mean that someone gets angry at her. 怒る would\nmean that she gets angry.\n\n> 彼女は怒るより、喜ぶために（ように）・・・",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-14T06:17:04.583",
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{
"body": "You can use a causative verbal auxiliary せる like 彼女を怒らせるのではなく、喜ばせるために. 怒られない\nis passive form.\n\nI feel 妥当な is a bit unnatural in this sentence and それ相応の may be more\nappropriate. And への in 誕生日へのプレゼント is extra.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-14T07:13:29.673",
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| 41682 | 41686 | 41686 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41688",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm not sure how to translate the following sentence:\n\n「お前（末永）ほどのアホは初めて見たが、お前のアホは俺様（小林）が観察する為にあるのだから、むやみに人前でアホを披露してはいけない」（『ゴーマニズム宣言』より）が採用理由の一つだと言う。\n\n( taken from\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/末永直海](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E6%B0%B8%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%B7)\n)\n\nThis is how I translate it:\n\n\"This is the first time I've seen anybody as stupid as you. Because I'll be\nobserving you, don't be reckless and show your stupidity in front of other\npeople\" (according to Gomanism sengen, this is one reason she (末永直海) was hired\n(by 小林))\n\nI feel my translation doesn't make much sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-14T07:08:48.713",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of this sentence?",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "You are missing the part お前のアホは俺様が観察する為にある, where you translate as \"I'll be\nobserving you.\"\n\nThe subject of this sub-sentence is お前のアホ \"your stupidity,\" and the predicate\n(the verb) is ある \"exists.\"\n\nThe rest of the sub-sentence 俺様が観察する[為]{ため}に modifies the verb ある.\n\nV (dictionary form) + ために means \"in order to V,\" so 俺様が観察する為に is \"in order for\nme to observe.\"\n\nSo the literal translation of the whole sub-sentence is:\n\n> Your stupidity exists in order for me to observe.\n\nThat might include the nuance of \"I solely have the right to observe your\nstupidity,\" which naturally connects to the next part むやみに人前でアホを披露してはいけない.\n\n* * *\n\nOther part of your translation seems good. One thing, I would prefer\n\"unnecessarily\" or \"excessively\" for the word むやみに.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-14T09:00:40.277",
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| 41684 | 41688 | 41688 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41687",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "for example, これを一つください is please give me 10 of this. then how should I say if\nit were 10, 11, 12, and more...?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-14T07:09:07.190",
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"owner_user_id": "19058",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"counters",
"numbers"
],
"title": "How would you say \"please give me 10 of this\"?",
"view_count": 256
} | [
{
"body": "You can stay with the form:\n\n> これを〇〇ください\n\nBut beyond 9, you'd need to switch from the traditional _hitotsu-futatsu_\nnumerals to _ichi-ni_ -style and add an appropriate counter for the item.\n\nFor a generic counter you would use:\n\n * 個{こ} - so for \"10 of this\": 10個 (じゅっこ) then 11個 (じゅういっこ), 12個 (じゅうにこ), etc.\n\nBut depending on the requested object itself, you might use:\n\n * 本{ほん} for long, thin objects (like pens or kushi-katsu): 10本 (じゅっぽん), 11本 (じゅういっぽん), 12本 (じゅうにほん), ...\n\n * 冊{さつ} for books/brochures: 10冊 (じゅっさつ), 11冊 (じゅういっさつ), 12冊 (じゅうにさつ), ...\n\n * or other counters [listed here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_counter_word#Extended_list_of_counters)\n\nNotice that many of these compounds have irregular pronunciation.\n\nAnd also you can use them for the quantities below 10: 3個 (さんこ), 4本 (よんほん), 5枚\n(ごまい)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-14T07:21:27.207",
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| 41685 | 41687 | 41687 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41693",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「むかしっからなァ、ただより高いものはないっていうことわざがあるんだぞっ。」 \n> From the old days there's a saying that \"nothing costs as much as what is\n> given to us\".\n\nI've taken the translation of ただより高いものはない straight from the dictionary, but I\ncan't get this meaning when I analyse the sentence. I read something like\n\"compared to expensive things there are no free things\" (obviously nonsense).\n\nCan the sentence be analysed grammatically such that it has the intended\nmeaning? I can't make it work. Or must I just accept that it is a set phrase\nand move on?\n\nPerhaps a separate question but I'll try asking anyway: I wasn't sure about my\ntranslation of むかしっからなァ. In particular why there is a っ in it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-14T18:14:10.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41691",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-14T20:44:01.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases",
"reading-comprehension",
"particle-より",
"proverbs"
],
"title": "Understanding ただより高いものはない",
"view_count": 1107
} | [
{
"body": "ただより高いものはない is a proverb that means \"Nothing is more expensive than free\nthings.\" In other words, it says free things can be the most costly/risky\nthing because there is usually some catch for a free offer.\n\nThis sentence follows the basic grammar of comparing two things in Japanese:\n\n * 高い: expensive\n * **ただより** 高い: more expensive **than (being) free**\n * ただより高い **もの** : **a thing that is** more expensive than (being) free\n * ただより高いもの **はない** : **there is not** a thing that is more expensive than (being) free\n\nHere ただ is not a conjunction nor an adverb but a noun ([ _no_\n-adjective](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2771/5010)) that means\n_free_. ～より is not an adverb but a particle similar in purpose to English\n\"than ～\".\n\n昔っから is just a colloquial pronunciation of 昔から, which sounds masculine and\ndashing. The っ at the end of the sentence is for the same purpose. This accent\nis typically heard in so-called \"Tokyo dialect\" (aka\n[江戸訛り/べらんめえ口調](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89)).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T00:42:06.797",
"id": "41693",
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}
]
| 41691 | 41693 | 41693 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41694",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the expression テープにハサミを入れる in the context of an opening\nceremony. As far as I can tell it means 'to cut a ribbon with scissors'.\n\nIs 入れる the verb that would still be used to indicate the general action of\ncutting with scissors (e.g. cutting paper with scissors for a school project)?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-14T20:34:24.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41692",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-14T23:55:52.380",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "18849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Should 入れる be used to express 'cutting with scissors' as a general action?",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "The phrase effectively means cutting but the verb itself is not a synonym of\n\"cut\".\n\n[入れる](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/15682/meaning/m0u/) has a general meaning\nof \"applying a force/an effect (using)\":\n\n> **４** ある作用を加える。「文章に手を―・れる」「腐敗した政治にメスを―・れる」「テープにはさみを―・れる」「刻み目を―・れる」\n\nYou can see that your exact phrase is listed in the examples. For your\ninfomation, 手を入れる and メスを入れる above are idioms that mean \"modify\" and \"take\nradical measures\", respectively.\n\nSo, what I visualize with ハサミを入れる is basically, an action making a single\nmovement of scissors like when you just start to cut or make a snick, rather\nthan you snip and snip to cut it off.\n\nBut in some occasions, though I'm not sure yours is the case, like wedding\nceremonies, you should avoid mouthing words that mean \"separate\" or \"end\", and\nthey completely reword 切る into ナイフを入れる etc.",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T00:48:39.470",
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| 41692 | 41694 | 41694 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41696",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does こゆびくらい mean? I found this word in a children\"s book.\n\nThe complete sentence is:\n\n> むかし むかし こどもが いない おじいさんと おかあさんが かみさまに おねがいを すると **こゆびくらい** の おとこのこが うまれました\n\nFrom this I understand:\n\n> A long time ago and Grandfather and Grandmother that couldn`t have child so\n> crave god...",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T01:43:18.130",
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"owner_user_id": "19072",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does こゆびくらい mean?",
"view_count": 309
} | [
{
"body": "小指{こゆび} is a \"little finger\"\n\nくらい indicates an approximate quantity or size (in this case)\n\nSo together with の they mean \"about the size of a little finger\" and refer to\nthe boy (おとこのこ), who was born.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T01:56:42.253",
"id": "41696",
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| 41695 | 41696 | 41696 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Can は follow a verb that has not been nominalized or is this just the\ncharacter's peculiar way of speaking for example:\n\n> 美しきものは空の上、楽しげ **なるは** 海の底。\n>\n> 私に **能うるは** 世を羨みながら蒲団の壁蝨養うことのみ。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-15T07:28:48.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41697",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-15T07:34:42.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "10316",
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "は in front of verb without it being nominalized",
"view_count": 83
} | []
| 41697 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41699",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the following sentences.\n\n> A: **私は** 相手に安過ぎる質が低い物をあげれば、 **相手は** 怒る可能性がある。\n\nIs it natural and understandable if I remove the subjects as follows?\n\n> B: 相手に安過ぎる質が低い物をあげれば、怒る可能性がある。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T09:12:18.520",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Two implicitly specified distinct subjects in a single sentence",
"view_count": 91
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's even preferred form (if you do add 私が, then the listener might think\nthere is an emphasis there - as in `If *I* give...`)\n\nApart from that, I would correct your sentences as follows:\n\n> A: 私が相手に、安過ぎる、質が低い物をあげれば、相手は怒る可能性がある。\n>\n> B: 相手に、安過ぎる、質が低い物をあげれば、怒る可能性がある。\n\nThis is because 安過ぎる質が低い物 would be considered hard to read and it's customary\nto add 句読点 in this sort of cases.",
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| 41698 | 41699 | 41699 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41702",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "As the time goes, I find so many grammars in Japanese end with ～がある. For\nexample,\n\n * ～ことがある\n * ～必要がある\n * ～傾向がある\n * ～可能性がある\n\nI know the ～がある means \"there is\" and they are so powerful. However, what I\ndon't quite understand is why Japanese says the following?\n\n * 私はアレックスだ。rather than 私はアレックスという名前がある。\n\n * この料理はおいしい。 rather than この料理はおいしい味がある。\n\n * プレゼントを買ってもらって、うれしい。 rather than プレゼントを買ってもらって、嬉しい感じがある。\n\n * 彼は態度が悪い。 rather than 彼は悪い態度がある。\n\nFurthermore, are there alternatives for\n\n * experience\n * necessity \n * tendency\n * probability\n\nwithout using ～がある?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T12:09:07.057",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"possession"
],
"title": "What is the basic underlying idea of ～がある?",
"view_count": 693
} | [
{
"body": "~がある generally means 'there exists' or 'there is.'\n\nTo use your examples:\n\n```\n\n ～事{こと}がある\n \n```\n\n~ has happened. _or_ ~ happens on occasion.\n\n```\n\n ～必要{ひつよう}がある\n \n```\n\nThere is a need to ~. _or_ It is necessary to ~.\n\n```\n\n ～傾向{けいこう}がある\n \n```\n\nThere is a tendency/propensity ~.\n\n```\n\n ～可能性{かのうせい}がある\n \n```\n\nThere is a chance/probability of ~.\n\n**BONUS** Can we say, for example, 私は植芝{うえしば}という名前がある？\n\nIf you are saying your name is 植芝 you would say:\n\n植芝と申します。どうぞ宜しくお願いします。",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T13:55:58.160",
"id": "41701",
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},
{
"body": "> why Japanese says the following?\n\nThis is simply because we don't always need the nuance of \"there is\" or \"there\nexists\". This applies to all the four examples below.\n\nCompare these more literal translations:\n\n> 私はアレックスだ。 / I am Alex.\n>\n> 私はアレックスという名前がある。 / There is the name \"Alex\" of mine.; I have the name\n> \"Alex\".\n\nThe latter sounds like the speaker is giving weight to his name rather than\nhimself. Indeed, this Japanese sentence could imply that the speaker is proud\nof his name.\n\nIn fiction, we often see a character say 俺には○○という立派な名前がある after he is called\nお前 or そこの etc.\n\n* * *\n\n> この料理はおいしい味がある。\n\nThis sounds unnatural, though おいしい味がする is fine. I'm not sure \"This dish has a\ngood taste\" is common in English but it's not in Japanese.\n\nThis is because we are not interested in the existence of tastes but how good\nor bad it tastes.\n\n* * *\n\n> プレゼントを買ってもらって、嬉しい感じがある。\n\nI actually sometimes say ～感じがある on Twitter, but it's not at all formal\nwriting. It sounds indirect.\n\n* * *\n\n> 彼は悪い態度がある。\n\nWe don't say this. As you mentioned, 態度が悪い is far better. Alternatively,\n悪い態度が見られる is also OK. It has a little more objective sound.\n\n* * *\n\n> Furthermore, are there alternatives for\n>\n> * experience\n> * necessity\n> * tendency\n> * probability\n>\n\n>\n> without using ～がある?\n\n**experience** : You can use 経験する (to experience), 以前（昔）～した (I did ～ before)\netc. but I think ～がある is common.\n\nFor example:\n\n> オーストラリアへ旅行に行った **ことがある** 。 == 昔オーストラリアへの旅行を **経験した** 。\n\n**necessity** : You have many options. 必要だ(na-adjective: necessary),\n～しなければならない(have to), ～せざるを得ない(have no choice but to) etc.\n\n> さらに議論する **必要がある** 。 == さらなる議論が **必要だ** 。 == さらに議論 **しなければならない** 。\n\n**tendency** : Choose appropriate ones: 傾向が見られる(tendency is observed),\nしがちだ(often do), よく～する(often do), ～タイプだ(slangy; mostly used for a person),\n他と比べて～だ(more ... than others)\n\n> 日本人は長時間働く **傾向がある** 。 == 日本人は **他と比べて** 長時間働く。\n>\n> 彼は感情が顔に出る **傾向がある** 。 == 彼は感情が顔に出る **タイプだ** 。\n\n**probability** : There are variety of ways to mention probability. Care about\nthe level of probability. ～かもしれない (equal meaning to 可能性がある; not mentioning the\nvalue of probability. less formal), ～可能性が考えられる, ～ないとも限らない, etc.\n\n> 日本が優勝する **可能性がある** 。 == 日本が優勝する **かもしれない** 。\n\n* * *\n\nI noticed that noun + がある (where the noun is often 漢語) sounds more formal than\nothers. So you might have read many formal pieces of writing but not so many\ninformal or colloquial ones. If you turn your eyes to informal ones, you might\nfind various new expressions.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T16:26:45.053",
"id": "41702",
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"body": "To go over the basics, as you already know:\n\n * `ある` means \"to exist\", \"there is\"\n * `X がある` means \"there is a X\"\n * `A (に)は B がある` means what in English \"A have a B\"\n\n> **私はアレックスという名前がある。**\n\nSo this sentence means \"I have a name Alex\". When do you use it? I suppose\nthat when the phrase is uttered, whether you have any or a certain name is in\nquestion. It's actually very natural if you say:\n\n> 「外人」と呼ぶな。私はアレックスという名前がある。\n\nBut when you introduce yourself, i.e. what they want to know is your identity,\nthis response isn't a optimal phrasing. 私はアレックスだ \"I'm Alex\" would be more\nsuitable for such a situation (of course, in most occasions you'll have to\nchoose the polite form).\n\n> **この料理はおいしい味がある。**\n\nThis one is unnatural not (mainly) because of ある but おいしい味. You just couldn't\nsay 味がおいしい because it'd mean \"the taste tastes good\".\n\n> **プレゼントを買ってもらって、嬉しい感じがある。**\n\nThis one is mostly miswording, too. 感じ doesn't perfectly fit \"feeling\", but\ncloser to \"what is felt from\" or \"impression\". If you go:\n\n> プレゼントを買ってもらって、嬉しい気持ちがある。\n\nit will be at least natural. But the sentence still doesn't express your\nhappiness without reserve. It'll sound as if you had other complex emotions at\nthe same time, or were trying to distance yourself from your feeling. To\nexpress your heart you can just use mental verb directly e.g. うれしい. If you use\nthose expressions every time I'd suspect you have serious autism or something.\n\n> **彼は悪い態度がある。**\n\nThis may be the only real problem with the criteria of ある. I think the most of\ntimes when you use \"have bad attitude\" in English, the \"attitude\" is merely a\nresultative phenomenon that isn't construed as an entity deserved to \"be\" in\nJapanese. You cannot say 態度がある in Japanese until an \"attitude\" can be actively\nadopted, or conceptually separated from individual action takers. For example\n(from Google):\n\n> 男には好きな人の前で必ずとってしまう態度がある (generalized attitude) \n> 譲ろうとする態度があると、相手も譲ってくれるようになります (conscious attitude)\n\nFor the same reason, we don't say *いい／悪い姿勢がある but only 姿勢がいい／悪い \"have\ngood/poor posture\".\n\n> _Furthermore, are there alternatives for ... without using ～がある?_\n\nNot likely as long as you choose the noun forms. What you list above are all\nappositive, which means, for example, `X 必要がある` and transposed `必要が X` don't\ntell the same thing. Of course, you could reword them with equivalent\nexpressions:\n\n * ～必要がある → ～が必要だ・～しなければいけない／ならない／etc.\n * ～傾向がある → ～がちだ・～やすい\n * ～可能性がある → ～かもしれない・～となりうる\n\nことがある is already an idiom, I don't think there's another grammar to replace.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T17:12:13.520",
"id": "41703",
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| 41700 | 41702 | 41702 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41707",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So I was talking to this girl and she sent me this message:\n\n> あたしもラーメン食べたくなっちゃったw\n\n(She always send me the same message in English, which I got admit that makes\nmy life easier)\n\nSince I was not understanding the sentence in Japanese I asked her to send me\nit without any abbreviation, then she sent me:\n\n> 食べたくなってしまいました\n\nI guess it is 食べたい + なる + ??? I don't get the shimaimashita (shima + imasu in\nthe past tense?)\n\nAnd how could she compress all that with only ちゃった？ Isn't ちゃ supposed to only\ncompress ては？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-15T17:32:51.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41704",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-15T23:18:46.893",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-15T18:18:45.180",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"contractions",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "なってしまいました conjugation",
"view_count": 823
} | [
{
"body": "It is indeed 食べたい + なる + しまう. しまう means to do all the way or to \"accidentally\"\ndo. So it's: want to eat + become + by accident. Or something like \"I\naccidentally got hungry\".\n\nちゃう or じゃう is short for てしまう or でしまう respectively. not sure what you mean by\nては",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-15T18:04:24.093",
"id": "41705",
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{
"body": "> 「食{た}べたくなってしまいました」\n\nis composed of:\n\n> 「食べる + たい + なる + しまう + ます in past tense」\n\nAs far as meaning,\n\n「食べたくなってしまいました」＝\n\n「食べたくなってしまった」＝\n\n「食べたくなっちゃいました」＝\n\n「食べたくなっちゃった」\n\nThose were listed in the order of formality and politeness. Now what do they\nmean? Here are my personal best:\n\n> 「あたしもラーメン食べたくなっちゃった。」 means:\n>\n> \"I've got the urge to eat ramen (suddenly) myself.\"\n>\n> \"It/You got me craving ramen!\"\n\nFinally,\n\n> Isn't ちゃ supposed to only compress ては？\n\nYou are clearly thinking of a different kind of 「ては」 here. For instance:\n\n「行{い}っ **ては** ダメ！」＝「行っ **ちゃ** だめ！」＝ \"Don't go!\"\n\nThe 「ちゃ」 that we are discussing here is just part of 「ちゃう」, which is the\ncolloquial form of 「てしまう」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-15T20:21:24.810",
"id": "41707",
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]
| 41704 | 41707 | 41707 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41708",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've come across the sentence \"時間がありますか\" in Genki. \nIt was translated as \"do you have time?\" and I don't know if it is used in a\ncontext like \"do you have time to talk?\" or \"what time is it?\". \nAlso, could I use just 時(とき)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-15T19:46:21.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41706",
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"owner_user_id": "15669",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 時間がありますか。",
"view_count": 550
} | [
{
"body": "> 「時間{じかん}がありますか。」\n\ncan only mean:\n\n> \"Do you/we have time (for something or to do something)?\"\n\nSo, it could **_not_** mean \"What time is it?\" even if you wanted it to. To\nmean that, we say:\n\n> 「今何時{いまなんじ}ですか。」 or 「今何時？」 for short.\n\nFinally,\n\n> Also, could I use just 時(とき)?\n\nGood question, but the answer is negative (at least in modern everyday\nspeech).\n\nIt will sound poetic, philosophical, profound, etc. if you use 「時{とき}」 to\nrefer to 「時間」. In other words, it will sound pretty weird. We say things like:\n\n> 「時{とき}は金{かね}なり。」 (\"Time is money.\")\n\nThat is fine because it is a profound statement; It is a proverb.",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T20:40:14.003",
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{
"body": "「時」 is the concept of time itself, so as l'électeur says it would sound like\nyou were waxing poetical to say 「時があるか」, like you were trying to ask \"Is it\npossible to possess time in any meaningful sense?\"\n\n「時間」 refers to a period of time - the time it takes to do something or the\ntime it takes for something to happen. So asking 「時間がありますか。」 is asking \"Do you\nhave a period of time available?\" Which is what you would use if you wanted to\ntalk with someone, or get them to do a favour for you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-15T23:35:43.997",
"id": "41711",
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{
"body": "I agree l'électeur's answer.\n\n> 時間がありますか\n\nThis means **Do you have time?** So it does _not_ mean \"what time is it?\". If\nyou want to say it, you could say:\n\n> * 今何時？ - when you ask to your friend.\n> * 現在の時間を尋ねさせて頂いても良いでしょうか。 - May i ask the current time? - polite.\n>\n\nand 時間がありますか is bit odd. I would say 時間 **は** ありますか\n\n* * *\n\n> Also, could I use just 時(とき)?\n\nYou should **not** replace. That's why it sounds **odd**.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-16T11:48:44.863",
"id": "41720",
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]
| 41706 | 41708 | 41708 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41712",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that \"一日おきに\" means \"every other day\", but wanted to double check the\nmeaning of \"それから1日おいて〜\".\n\nI have seen this translated as \"a day later\" but wouldn't \"two days later\" be\nmore fitting? For example, if something occurred on Monday, two days later\nwould be Wednesday, right? And that would be \"two days later\".\n\nIf this does mean \"a day later\", then doesn't this conflict with the \"every\nother day\" interpretation which also uses the same verb?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-15T22:38:50.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41709",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T18:43:39.733",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「その夕食から1日おいて」One day or two?",
"view_count": 534
} | [
{
"body": "The verb\n[おく](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/30307/meaning/m0u/%E7%BD%AE%E3%81%8F/)\nmeans \"leave an interval (in space or time)\".\n\n> **５** 時間的、空間的に間を隔てる。「一日置いて行く」「一軒置いた隣」\n\nSo, how you interpret the \"interval\" is the key. In usual settings, as you\nsaid, we take 一日おき as \"every other day\" or \"two days later\" because we treat a\n\"day\" as a unit **(a)** and leave one day between. But there is technically\nanother way of interpretation, that if you focus on the time points two events\ntake place, you could also say 一日おき when they're apart by one day duration\n**(b)**. In this case, the interval is only one day (24h).\n\nYou can actually pick a usage of **(b)** from a random Google search result,\nas in:\n\n> 今日（搬入当日）はとりあえず、暫定で水平をとるが、 **１日おいて、明日** 、基礎の沈み込みの無いことを確認したうえで…\n> ([source](http://www.dtechjp.com/old_hp/VS50cometoFACTORY.html))\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/54izA.png)\n\nAccording to [the NHK放送文化研究所's\narticle](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/term/163.html), the\npercentage those interpret 一日おき as \"every day\" is gradually increasing as\ngenerations go down, though the great majority still think it \"every other\nday\". It also points out an interesting fact:\n\n>\n> なお「特急は１時間おきに出発します」という言い方についても尋ねてみたところ、これについては「毎時間」〔つまり「せっかちな意味」〕としてとらえるのが全体的に主流 \n> _Meanwhile, when we conducted a survey about the phrase 特急は１時間おきに出発します, the\n> interpretation \"every hour\" was predominant in general (across\n> generations)..._\n\n**Edit:** \nUm, forgot to write the conclusion... Ultimately, I have to say that whether\nyour その夕食から1日おいて is one or two days later depends on context.\n\n**Edit 2:** \nSome people think I don't answer the question correctly. Well, just to\nclarify, I myself believe その夕食から1日おいて should always mean \"two days later\", but\n**according to a 2007 survey, we should prepare to face avg. 10% chance to see\nit in \"one day later\" meaning**.",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-15T23:56:49.690",
"id": "41712",
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{
"body": "I would interpret 「1日おいて」 as \"skip (or leave out) one day\", and since we're\ntalking about dinner time (i.e. evening), this results in \"two days later\", or\n\"day after tomorrow\". If it was used in the morning, it could probably be\ntaken to mean \"skipping this day\" = \"tomorrow\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-16T18:43:39.733",
"id": "41729",
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| 41709 | 41712 | 41712 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I understand meaning and uses of あの、えと。 But I get confused when people use\nさあ、まあ and なんか frequently while talking.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-15T23:22:48.857",
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"owner_user_id": "16171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"interjections"
],
"title": "Uses of さあ、まあ and なんか",
"view_count": 819
} | [
{
"body": "If I get your question right,\n\n**さあ** Can mean :\n\n> * Who knows / I don't know\n> * Ok now/ there we go\n>\n\nAnd perhaps a few more, depending on the intonation. \nExample:\n\n> Aさん:この人は誰？Bさん：さあね～。 \n> Mr. A : Who is that? Mr. B : Who knows.\n\n**まあ** Can mean :\n\n> * Now now(mother reassuring kid)\n> * Sort of, kinda.\n> * oh, my!(Usually used by baasan)\n>\n\nAnd perhaps a few more, depending on the intonation. \nExample:\n\n> Aさん:うまくいった？Bさん：まあね～。 \n> Mr. A : Did it go well? Mr. B : Kinda.\n\nAs for naka, perhaps you meant nanka. It is hard to explain, but can be used\nto mean things like **you know** or **sort of**. \nExample:\n\n> Aさん:どうしたの？Bさん：なんかさ～、今朝から具合が悪いんだよ。 \n> Mr. A : What's wrong? Mr. B : You know, I kinda don't feel good since this\n> morning.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-16T02:08:24.057",
"id": "41715",
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| 41710 | null | 41715 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41722",
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"body": "This one stumps me. Also for next time is there a good online Japanese\netymology dictionary?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T00:06:37.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41713",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T18:52:49.343",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-16T00:38:25.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "11432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "What's the etymology of 風呂?",
"view_count": 1341
} | [
{
"body": "Allow me to post my own translation of the link from the comment above. It\nwill be an almost completely literal translation of the orginal with bits of\ninformation added for a smoother read. If anything, this should be a bit more\nhelpful than Google Translate.\n\n\"(First, it lists three theories though it implies that there actually exist\nmore.)\n\nTheory #1: The word 「風呂{ふろ}」 derives from 「室{むろ}」, which refers to a room\nbuilt underground for the preservation of things.\n\nTheory #2: It derives from 「風炉{ふろ}」, which is a device for boiling water in\ntea ceremony.\n\nTheory #3: It shifted from 「湯室{ゆむろ}」 , which means a \"room for boiing water\".\n\n風呂{ふろ} (in Japan) existed as early as the end of Heian Period (794 - 1185),\nbut back then, it was more like a sauna that operated on steam.\n\nThe type of bath in which one fills the tub with hot water to soak in it\nstarted to appear at the beginning of Edo Period (1603 - 1868), but it was\ncalled 「湯屋{ゆや}」 or 「お湯殿{ゆどの}」 and there was a distinction between that and\n「風呂」.\n\nThe exact etymology is unknown, but when one considers the style used, it is\ndifficult to believe in the 湯室-theory. The 風炉-theory from tea ceremony also\nseems unlikely (when one considers the difference in the amounts of water\nneeded between tea ceremony and bathing.) Thus, the 室-theory seems to be a\nlittle more predominant.\"",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-16T12:28:35.487",
"id": "41722",
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"parent_id": "41713",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "With growing curiosity, I did some additional poking around.\n\nThe `/muro/` → `/furo/` phonetic shift seemed really odd, and I had trouble\nwrapping my head around a possible derivation from 室{むろ}.\n\nIn addition, the entry in Shogakukan's 国語大辞典{こくごだいじてん} lists two spellings for\nthis term, both 風呂 and 風炉. This would seem to suggest a more likely derivation\nfrom the tea 風炉 (a brazier on which one puts the hot-water pot; a modern お風呂\ncould be viewed as basically a huge version of that, a hot-water pot on top of\na heating element).\n\nHowever, the Encyclopedia Nipponica article ([here at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%A2%A8%E5%91%82-127856#E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E5.85.A8.E6.9B.B8.28.E3.83.8B.E3.83.83.E3.83.9D.E3.83.8B.E3.82.AB.29))\nnotes that the tradition may have started with 岩風呂{いわぶろ} -- and seeing that\n`/b/` was my \"aha!\" moment, as there is a `/b/` ⇔ `/m/` shift apparent in\nvarious places in Japanese. The 室{むろ} connection is also mentioned there and\nin a couple other entries as referring essentially to a \"sauna\" or a\n\"sweatlodge\": a closed room for steam-bathing, which is what 風呂 meant when the\nword first appears.\n\nIf Shogakukan is right, the spelling 風炉 also apparently referred not just\nspecifically to the small brazier used in tea ceremony, but also to any\ncooking hearth used to boil or cook things (「湯を沸かしたり、物を煮炊きしたりする炉」). It's not\nhard to imagine the meaning extending somewhat to refer to a steam-room.\n\nSynthesizing all this, it might be explainable this way:\n\n * What we think of today as お風呂{ふろ} started out not as something like a hot tub, but something more like a sauna: the 室{むろ} mentioned in various etymologies for 風呂.\n * The original term probably was 室{むろ}.\n * With influence from the term 風炉{ふろ} as used in cooking and tea, and with an apparent tendency for a `/b/` ⇔ `/m/` shift, `[OTHER WORD]` + `/muro/` in compounds might have also appeared as `[OTHER WORD]` + `/buro/` -- which we see in terms like 岩風呂{いわぶろ}, with the 風呂 kanji spelling.\n * When not in compounds, the `/buro/` reading for 風呂 would revert to `/furo/` as the non-[rendaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku) reading.\n * As the bathing practice shifted from sauna-style steam bathing to hot-spring or hot-tub-style water bathing, the connection to 室{むろ} was gradually forgotten.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T17:32:45.540",
"id": "41728",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T18:52:49.343",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-16T18:52:49.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "41713",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41713 | 41722 | 41728 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41717",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "When I looked up \"lesbian\" in jisho.org, I came across the six kanji term\n\"女性同性愛者\", which I'm concerned may sound too formal or clinical, like using\n\"homosexual\" as a noun in English, plus katakana words of varying lengths.\n\nThe English edition of Wiktionary doesn't have a Japanese language translation\nfor \"lesbian\". Looking up weblio doesn't help much, because the entries for\nthe English word \"lesbian\" mainly provide information addressing native\nJapanese speakers.\n\nThe accepted answer on Yahoo answers gives a couple of different answers, and\ndoesn't seem that authoritative:\n<https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070712193145AAHuB7J>\n\nI would prefer a term that's acceptable for polite, respectful but friendly\nconversation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T01:55:34.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41714",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-01T16:11:15.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Which word should I use for \"lesbian\"?",
"view_count": 19030
} | [
{
"body": "[性的少数者](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E8%80%85)\nor \"sexual minority\" is the correct translation of LGBT. The L in LGBT being\nlesbian, thus a likely answer is\n[レズビアン](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/lesbian), if you look at the\nexamples (shown below and in the link) it is used in a neutral context. That\nbeing said, I think for all these terms everyone has their own perception of\nit and there is no \"correct\" answer other than to ask the person you are\nreferring to which term they prefer.\n\nI thought this was a [good\nread](http://withnews.jp/article/f0160501001qq000000000000000G00110101qq000013362A).\n\n> Lesbian love\n>\n> 女同志の恋愛\n>\n> offensive term for a lesbian who is noticeably masculine\n>\n> 顕著に男勝りなレスビアンにとって、不快な用語\n>\n> English writer whose novel about a lesbian relationship was banned in\n> Britain for many years (1883-1943)\n>\n> 英国の作家で、レスビアンの関係に関する小説が長年英国で禁止された（1883年−1943年)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T02:09:34.590",
"id": "41716",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T02:35:51.917",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "41714",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "In most of the cases レズビアン or simply レズ will generally suffice in\nconversations. As you guessed correctly, 同性愛者 sounds formal and stiff, and\n性的少数者/LGBT would sound even more technical and formal.\n\nHowever:\n\n * レズ (and its male-male counterpart, ゲイ) may sound a bit vulgar and direct (if not derogatory), and newspaper articles targeted at the general public tend to avoid using this term.\n * Some people are very keen and strict on the terminology around this area. I can easily imagine some people who hate to be called レズ, while some people take pride in being called as such.\n\nSo depending on who you are talking to, you may want to play it safe and\ndescribe it indirectly (eg \"～は女の人が好き\") instead.\n\n百合【ゆり】 (lit. \"lily\") is another indirect term for this, but AFAIK this is\nmainly preferred in otaku-ish, fictional contexts. There is even a\n[magazine](http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/yurihime/) for this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T02:56:12.747",
"id": "41717",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T02:56:12.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41714",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "レズ can be seen as a bit derogatory since it's outside of the community and\ncould come from source which are disapproving. From within the lesbian\ncommunity, ビアン is more usual or neutral. If you're specifically keen to speak\nof lesbians in terms of their gender presentation, more masculine presenting\nlesbians are often called ボイ and lesbians who present a softer, more\n'femme'identity might be called ネコ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-11-01T16:11:15.773",
"id": "62559",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-01T16:11:15.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31784",
"parent_id": "41714",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41714 | 41717 | 41717 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41719",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I guess it's a short for クソリプライ which literally means shit reply.\n\nBut what is \"shit reply\"? Is it similar to \"shitpost\"? I don't really\nunderstand its meaning along with where and when you would use this phrase.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T06:10:42.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41718",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T08:38:31.550",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-16T08:38:31.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "19086",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "what does クソリプ means?",
"view_count": 2995
} | [
{
"body": "It's pretty much self explanatory: a shitty reply. I'm not aware of what\nshitpost means, but looking at the definitions online, I would say they are\nquite similar.\n\nThe difference is that this only relates to replies. This term is mostly used\nin regards to replies on Twitter that are irritating, that are boring, that\namount to nothing. Some people may or may not consider certain replies as\nクソリプ.\n\nFor example, if I tweeted:\n\n> I went to Starbucks today and ordered a large ice coffee unsweetened, but\n> they still sweetened it.\n\nExamples of what I might consider a クソリプ would be:\n\n> 1) A reply with just a face like (^^; in it.\n>\n> 2) Some stranger butting in out of nowhere and telling me that \"it's not\n> 'large', it's 'venti'.\"\n>\n> 3) Someone blaming me, taking the side of the worker (despite me not\n> actually saying anything bad about the workers)\n\nAs for when to use it? I'm not sure there's ever a time I'd use it. It's net\nslang, which means the only time ever acceptable would be online, but if were\nto ever used it'd be when I tell an online friend about the replies and say\n「見てくれ、このクソリプ」(Look at these shitty replies).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T08:07:45.897",
"id": "41719",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T08:07:45.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9508",
"parent_id": "41718",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 41718 | 41719 | 41719 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41723",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wonder, how to say just \" **I took the exam** \"?\n\nThe thing is, that saying **試験【しけん】を受ける 【うける】** could have two meanings,\nright? \n1) The fact, that you took the exam, and 2) success in passing actually.\n\nAm I right? If yes, how should I say \"I took an exam\", not \"I passed an exam\"\n- as f.ex. I am still waiting for results.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T12:20:11.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41721",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-17T11:49:30.767",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-16T15:02:21.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Meaning of the verb 受ける in the phrase 試験を受ける",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "No, you are not right, but you came to the right place.\n\nThis is about 「受 **け** る」 vs. 「受 **か** る」.\n\n> 「試験{しけん} + **を** + 受{う} **け** る」\n\ncan only mean \"to _**take**_ the exam\".\n\n> 「試験 + **に** + 受 **か** る」\n\ncan only mean \"to _**pass**_ the exam\".\n\nThose are two different verbs and two different particles. The past tense\nversions are:\n\n> 「試験 **を** 受 **けた** 。」 (I/Someone **took** the exam.)\n>\n> 「試験 **に** 受 **かった** 。」 (I/Someone **passed** the exam.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T12:34:40.437",
"id": "41723",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-17T11:49:30.767",
"last_edit_date": "2021-08-17T11:49:30.767",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41721",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 41721 | 41723 | 41723 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41725",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've read that this phrase \"jikuu o koete haruka tabi suru bokura\" is\ntranslated to something like \"we traveled across space time on a distant\njourney\" or may be for something more literal translation I like to think it\nis \"we crossed space time on a distant journey\".\n\nA couple of things I dont understand is , why bokura is placed at the end of\nthe phrase? shouldnt it be at the start? if not, can you always do that?\n\nisnt tabisuru supposed to be a verb? is it here used as a noun? if so, can you\nalways use a verb as a noun if you put it in a place of the phrase were it\nwould work as a noun?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T13:30:47.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41724",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T14:06:38.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "\"jikuu o koete haruka tabi suru bokura\" why this phrase is written this way?",
"view_count": 261
} | [
{
"body": "You are misled by the phrase.\n\nThe phrase is not a complete sentence but a noun phrase.\n\nThe part \"jikuu o koete haruka tabi suru\"\n([時空]{じくう}を[越]{こ}えて[遥]{はる}か[旅]{たび}する) modifies the noun \"bokura\" ([僕]{ぼく}ら).\nIn Japanese, relative clauses modify a noun from before the target.\n\nSo the meaning of the phrase is like \"we, who travel across time and space.\"\n\n* * *\n\nTo mean what you said, you have to rearrange the phrase:\n\n> [僕]{ぼく}らは[時空]{じくう}を[越]{こ}えて[遥]{はる}か[旅]{たび}する。\n>\n> bokura wa jikū o koete haruka tabisuru\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, you used the past tense \"traveled\" / \"crossed\" but it is not in\npast tense but present tense. To make it past tense you have to say \"tabi\nshita\"([旅]{たび}した).\n\nIn this case [旅]{たび}する can even mean \"traveling\" ([旅]{たび}をしている = tabi o shite\niru).\n\n* * *\n\n### UPDATE\n\nFrom comment:\n\n> so koete is not the verb there, but an adverb? and tabisuru does work as a\n> verb in the phrase, but how does haruka fits in there? haruka is an adjetive\n> that means distant right? I thought \"haruka tabisuru\" translated as \"distant\n> journey\" but if tabisuru is a verb it can't translate like that. Can you\n> apply an adjetive to a verb in japanese?\n\nWell, koeru ([越]{こ}える) is a verb and koete ([越]{こ}えて) is its **te-form**. te-\nform can be used like an adverb. Here, \"jikuu o koete\" ([時空]{じくう}を[越]{こ}えて)\nmodifies the verb \"tabi suru\" ([旅]{たび}する = to travel). \"jikuu o koeru\" means\n\"cross time and space\" so \"jikuu o koete\" is \"crossing time and space\" or\n\"across time and space.\"\n\n\"haruka,\" too, modifies the verb \"tabi suru\" ([旅]{たび}する). This word is not\nonly an adjective but also an adverb. Here **it is used as an adverb** ,\nmeaning \"far away\" or \"in the distance.\"\n\nSo \"jikuu o koete haruka tabi suru\" is \"travel in the distance across time and\nspace\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T13:41:12.053",
"id": "41725",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T14:06:38.823",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-16T14:06:38.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "17890",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "41724",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 41724 | 41725 | 41725 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41731",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Example I have the english text \"enjoy music\" which from google translate\nlooks like this \n音楽を楽しむ where music is 音楽 , so can I do this \n \nを楽しむ -(enjoy) \n音楽 -(music)\n\nflush left",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T18:57:28.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41730",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T22:00:13.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "For laying out Japanese text in a piece of graphic design do you need to stick to some rules?",
"view_count": 96
} | [
{
"body": "If your text will be laid out basically as shown in your post, you have the\ngrammar backwards -- English and Japanese put things in almost exactly the\nopposite order, broadly speaking. So do this instead:\n\n音楽を \n楽しむ\n\nThis works better both grammatically and graphically: Japanese text design has\na general bias towards things fitting neatly into boxes. :)\n\nIf you can do a vertical layout, do this:\n\n```\n\n 楽音 \n し楽 \n むを \n \n```\n\nNote that you shouldn't rotate the characters, and that the first character is\nat the top right. Vertical Japanese (and Chinese) is read top-to-bottom, then\nright-to-left. Imagine if you just took an English book and turned it 90°\nclockwise, but somehow each individual letter remained un-turned.\n\nMeaning-wise, I'm not sure this says what you intend. The Japanese is just a\ngeneric statement, _\"`[someone: I, you, they, she]` enjoy(s) music\"._ Is the\nEnglish intended as a command or request? If so, you'll have to change the\nJapanese. One possibility:\n\n音楽を \n楽しんで\n\nor:\n\n```\n\n 楽音 \n し楽 \n んを \n で\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T19:25:55.223",
"id": "41731",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T22:00:13.343",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-16T22:00:13.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "41730",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41730 | 41731 | 41731 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41777",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there a Japanese idiom equivalent to \"fat fingered\"?\n\nIn other words, an idiom which means \"to make a mistake when performing a task\nthat requires using ones finger\". This is often used in reference to buttons,\nswitches, keyboard keys, and more recently, touch screens.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T21:31:40.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41732",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T10:48:38.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Japanese idiom equivalent to “Fat Fingered\"",
"view_count": 223
} | [
{
"body": "不器用{ぶきよう} is a common way to describe someone with poor dexterity.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T22:39:12.517",
"id": "41737",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T22:39:12.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "6823",
"parent_id": "41732",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "This is one way:\n\n> 操作｛そうさ｝ミス（をした）\n\nAlso:\n\n> 押｛お｝し間｛ま｝違｛ちが｝えた\n\nFor example: <https://matome.naver.jp/odai/2135281310283618301>\n\nThat's an article about how to cancel when you pushed the wrong floor button\non an elevator.\n\nConsider also:\n\n> 踏｛ふ｝み間｛ま｝違｛ちが｝えた (often meaning to mistake the gas pedal for the brake while\n> driving, like ブレーキとアクセルを踏み間違えた)\n\nFor example: <http://www.saitama-np.co.jp/news/2016/12/18/04.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T18:35:13.807",
"id": "41777",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T10:48:38.150",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-19T10:48:38.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "19118",
"owner_user_id": "19118",
"parent_id": "41732",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41732 | 41777 | 41737 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I was wondering why in Japanese it's correct to say 寝る時間? Because I thought\nit was necessary to use the no particle in order to change the noun and add a\nverb. Anyway what grammar is used in phrases like 寝る時間, 食べる時間 and the likes?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T22:01:44.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41734",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T01:54:22.813",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-17T01:52:44.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "add a verb to a noun without interpose nothing in between",
"view_count": 74
} | [
{
"body": "Verbs can directly modify nouns. This is similar to the `[NOUN] that [VERBS]`\nconstruction in English, only with reversed order, and no need for the \"that\".\n\nExamples:\n\n * 歩{ある}く人{ひと} -- literally, \"walks person\" → \"person that walks\"\n * 読{よ}む本{ほん} -- literally, \"reads book\" → \"book that [someone] reads\"\n\nWhen modifying a noun with another noun, you do need the の{no} particle.\n\n * 犬{いぬ}のおもちゃ -- \"dog `[POSSESSIVE]` toy\" → \"dog's toy\"\n * 携帯{けいたい}のカバー -- \"mobile phone `[POSSESSIVE]` cover\" → \"mobile phone's cover\"\n\nNote that, when translating into English, sometimes the `'s` isn't needed:\n_\"dog toy, mobile phone cover\"_ are also possibly correct, depending on\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T22:22:01.267",
"id": "41735",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T01:54:22.813",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-17T01:54:22.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "41734",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41734 | null | 41735 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41741",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「だから得 **だかどうだか** 早く水槽を見なさいって言ってるでしょっ。」 \n> Therefore _something about profit/advantage_ I told you to look in the tank\n> soon, right?\n\nI can't understand 得だかどうだか nor how it attaches to the rest of the sentence.\n\nIt looks a bit like the かどうか that means 'whether or not', so may be \"whether\nor not you make profit I told you to go look in the tank\", but I thought the\npattern was Xかどうか or Xだったかどうか for the past, but definitely not X **だ** かどうか.\nAnd then there's the other だ. I'm rambling and I'm stuck.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T23:09:02.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41738",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T06:20:12.110",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of だかどうだか",
"view_count": 651
} | [
{
"body": "In meaning, one could say:\n\n「得｛とく｝だかどうだか」＝「得なのかどうなのか」＝「得なのかどうか」＝「得かどうか」\n\n= \" ** _(to find out) whether or not it is profitable/beneficial/economical,\netc_**.\"\n\nWithout more context, there is no way I could translate the 「得」 part.\n「得だかどうだか」 functions adverbially and it modifies 「見なさい」. If it helps\nany,「得だかどうだか」 literally means \" ** _Is it 得? How is it?_** \".\n\n「～～だかどうだか」 just sounds more informal/colloquial than the others I listed. Not\neveryone might use it, but absolutely no native speakers will be surprised if\nanyone said it in informal speech, either.\n\nIn fact, you will find a very similar expression in this well-known children's\nsong.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QICdEwD5GE>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T23:43:38.103",
"id": "41741",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 41738 | 41741 | 41741 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41740",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can parse simple Japanese websites but can't find the term that I need to\nsearch for e-cards. e-card apparently has no translation so what would should\nI use to search for?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T23:18:51.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41739",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-16T23:26:54.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What term do you use to find Japanese e-cards",
"view_count": 34
} | [
{
"body": "Try any one of these and it will work.\n\neカード、グリカ、グリーティングカード, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T23:26:54.780",
"id": "41740",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 41739 | 41740 | 41740 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41743",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: 風の又三郎\n\n> わあ、又三郎なんぼしらなぃたってわがなぃんじゃ。わあい、又三郎もどの通りにして **まゆんだであ** 。\n\n\"まゆんだであ\"という言葉はあまり聞いたことが無いので古い言葉っぽいです。\n\nこの意味は何でしょうか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-16T23:56:44.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41742",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T01:22:05.667",
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"owner_user_id": "14627",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "\"まゆんだ\"の意味はなんですか？",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "ちょっと調べていたら意味が分かったので自己回答します。\n\n* * *\n\nまゆんだであを今の言葉に直すと、 **償わないといけない** (To have to recompense)です。これは方言らしいです。\n文章を今の言葉に直すと、\n\n> 又三郎がいくら知らないといってもだめだよ。又三郎は元の通りに償わないといけないよ。\n\nわあいはどのしようかと思いましたが結局消しました。間違っていたらご指摘ください \nとなると思います。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T00:33:33.227",
"id": "41743",
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"last_editor_user_id": "14627",
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"parent_id": "41742",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 41742 | 41743 | 41743 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41749",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I always thought that this started with 'afurete' and it made sense to me. But\nwhen I saw it written down (instead of hearing it) I realized that it was\narifurete, and now the whole paragraph doesn't make sense to me.\n\nありふれて 足許に 弱く弱く耀く あの欠片は夢、 だったのかな\n\nIs there a special meaning to 'arifurete' that I do not understand? I thought\nit meant 'banal' or 'common'/'ordinary'.\n\nIf it helps, the previous part is 'can't get used to wanting to cry'.. or\nperhaps I mistranslated that part?\n\n叫びたくなれない\n\nI don't even think I should show how I translated it, as I am pretty sure it's\nwrong, but if necessary, I'll edit it in, just let me know.\n\nEDIT: Here is the full text for context, but I don't think there is any\ncontext to the part that I cannot understand/translate.\n\n<https://www.musixmatch.com/ja/lyrics/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%AB-2/%E7%A7%81%E3%81%AE%E6%AC%A0%E7%89%87>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T06:55:06.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41746",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-17T09:29:29.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "19104",
"owner_user_id": "19104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Help with understanding or properly translating small paragraph",
"view_count": 190
} | [
{
"body": "The way I read it, ありふれた describes the shards. ありふれた is used commonly in\npoetic context and means \"ordinary\", but often with the implication that those\nordinary things are actually special and valuable (あの頃の ありふれた 日常が 今は... etc.）\n\nありふれて耀く is an unnatural way of using ありふれた because it implies the shards are\nbeing ordinary by choice. IMO this could have been done to give the shards an\nanimal characteristic, or simply to make the length & rhythm work.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T11:19:42.680",
"id": "41748",
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},
{
"body": "ありふれて is indeed an infrequent form in modern language, as only ありふれた or\nありふれている is actively used as though an adjective that means \"commonplace\" or\nsuch things.\n\nBut ありふれて itself is the _te-form of the verb_ ありふれる \"to exist everywhere\",\nthus means some kind of continuation: \"is everywhere, and...\" or \"is\neverywhere, so that...\" or just \"being everywhere, ...\" etc.\n\nThe main reason the lyricist avoided ありふれた (or ありふれている) in this place is, I\nguess, ありふれた足許に… would be parsed as ありふれた modifies the following noun 足許 at\nfirst hearing (see [garden path\nsentence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_path_sentence)). ありふれて makes\nsure that this word doesn't go straight to the next word, but to 欠片 together\nwith the next phrase. But it is very much close to artistic license; in usual\nconversation you probably use ありふれていて or other.\n\nSo, altogether it'd mean:\n\n> _I wonder, if they were the dream, the shards in every corner, shining so\n> faintly at my feet_\n\nI don't know how much it helps, but these are the only four examples in\n[BCCWJ](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/) corpus to use ありふれる in\nits non-participle form.\n\n> * いかにも時代がかったものと違って、 **ありふれすぎて** 別段の奇もなさそうに見えるせいであろうか。（向井敏・机上の一群）\n> * とすれば、話しことばはどこに行っても **ありふれて** あるように、地名もまた同じものがどこにでもあるし…（都丸十九一・地名研究入門）\n> * だが、ボタンも **ありふれてしまえば** 、そうした怖れさえ日常化する。（松山巖・手の孤独、手の力）\n> * 人々は、人生の目的など、むずかしく考えれば考える程、わからなくなる。 **ありふれて**\n> 軽い考えをもってくれば、愛、感謝、許容など、当たり前のことが、浮上してくる。（阿波根朝宏・新世紀の歴史の流れと私の証言）\n>",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T11:40:49.650",
"id": "41749",
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}
]
| 41746 | 41749 | 41748 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41761",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Nn2Zx.png)This\nis my first time asking a question so I'm pretty excited! Thanks a lot in\nadvance for taking your time to read my rant. At the moment I'm working on a\ntranslation, but I'm having problems with a word that's hard to define because\nit's hand written. This is the phrase: 彼がくゆえていた部分 But when I look for\n\"Kuyuete\" meaning, even if I split the word in two, I didn't found any\nmeaning. It seems I have three totally useless japanese dictionary's because I\ndidn't found anything at all. So I tried with: \"Kumeete\" but I didn't have\nluck neither. Have you heard about those words? I've been looking for it about\n1 week. Thanks a lot!\n\nEdit: I added the image text, it seems the real word is \" **くめえて** \" instead\n\"くゆえて\" and finally after a loong research I think \"汲む\" it's the word I'm\nlooking for.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T09:49:03.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41747",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-17T21:57:16.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "19105",
"owner_user_id": "19105",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "くゆえて or くめえて word-request",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "The verb you are looking for is 「く **わ** える」, which means \" ** _to hold\nbetween one's teeth_** \".\n\n(This has nothing to do with 「加{くわ}える」 (\"to add\").)\n\n「くわえていた部分{ぶぶん}」 means \"the part (someone) was holding between his teeth\"\n\n「く **め** えて」 makes no sense.\n\n「汲{く}む」(\"to dip up\") does not conjugate to 「くわえていた」. It can only conjugate to\n「く **んで** いた」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T22:50:53.653",
"id": "41761",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 41747 | 41761 | 41761 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41751",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When modifying nouns, if the noun you're modifying is a person, can the noun\nmodifying clause be past tense? So if I wanted to say:\n\n> The person I saw yesterday is here again today.\n\nWhich is correct?\n\n> 1. 私が昨日に **見る** 人はまた今日にはここでいる。\n>\n> 2. 私が昨日に **見た** 人はまた今日にはここでいる。\n>\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T13:56:07.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41750",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T14:33:20.913",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "19107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"tense",
"nouns",
"modification"
],
"title": "Tense in noun modifying clauses?",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "In this case past tense 見た人 is correct and it's irrelevant if it's a person or\nan inanimate object.\n\nBut there are more points to be careful about in your sentence:\n\n * no need to use に after the 昨日\n * いる is a state verb, so it should be ここにいる (instead of ここで)\n * also no need for に after 今日, in fact you would want to stress the fact it happens again, so も fits here\n\n> 私が昨日見た人は、今日もまたここにいる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T14:22:58.390",
"id": "41751",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T14:33:20.913",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 41750 | 41751 | 41751 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It appears like this, in a sentence about surfing: 前のめりにすると、前は前で浮力が無くなります。 I\nknow the general meaning is \"If you lean over forward, ...the flotation goes\naway.\" I think that the meaning of \"前は前で\" is something like, \"the front (of\nthe board) being what it is...\" (i.e., The nose of the board is very thin, so\nit has very little flotation.) But I'm not sure if that's correct. Any\nsuggestions much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T16:19:42.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41752",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T23:40:01.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19108",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"clause-pattern"
],
"title": "What does the pattern [xはxで] mean?",
"view_count": 565
} | [
{
"body": "> 「Noun + **は** + Same Noun + **で** + ～～」\n\nis a common expression used to describe, somewhat emphatically, a unique\ncharacteristic or state of the thing being talked about.\n\nThus, your translation \"the front (of the board) being what it is...\" is very\ngood.\n\nI was just trying to choose between two girls by murmuring to myself:\n\n「じゅん子{こ} **は** じゅん子 **で** かわいいし、ナオミ **は** ナオミ **で** おもしろいからなあ・・ どっちにしよう？」\n\n= \"Junko sure is pretty and Naomi is really funny. Who should I pick?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T23:09:54.890",
"id": "41762",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T23:40:01.103",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-17T23:40:01.103",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
]
| 41752 | null | 41762 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41764",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't figure-out why certain words are categorized as サ変接続 such as\n\n> 発表{はっぴょう} \n> 機能{きのう} \n> 仮想{かそう}\n\nAll those words are definitely サ変名詞. So, what do those words have that also\nmake them サ変接続? What would be some words that are exclusively サ変接続 and not\nalso サ変名詞?\n\nPerhaps is サ変名詞 really just short-hand for a word that can be (名詞 + サ変接続)?\n\n**NOTES** \nI am using the [Kuromoji Japanese tokenizer](http://www.atilika.org/). Part of\nthe metadata for a word/token is the part of speech. Here is a snippet of\noutput from tokenizing a newspaper article. I decided to display the reading\nand part of speech:\n\n> ... \n> 発表 --> ハッピョウ --> 名詞,サ変接続, _,_ \n> など --> ナド --> 助詞,副助詞, _,_ \n> 新 --> シン --> 接頭詞,名詞接続, _,_ \n> 機能 --> キノウ --> 名詞,サ変接続, _,_ \n> を --> ヲ --> 助詞,格助詞,一般,* \n> 導入 --> ドウニュウ --> 名詞,サ変接続, _,_ \n> 仮想 --> カソウ --> 名詞,サ変接続, _,_ \n> 現実 --> ゲンジツ --> 名詞,一般, _,_ \n> ヘッド --> ヘッド --> 名詞,一般, _,_ \n> ...\n\nActually... I just noticed I mistakenly said 'サ変接続詞' instead of just 'サ変接続'.\nEven so, サ変名詞 _seem_ to act just like サ変接続?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T16:25:30.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41753",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-17T17:19:23.590",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parts-of-speech",
"nlp"
],
"title": "How are \"サ変名詞\" and \"サ変接続\" different?",
"view_count": 605
} | [
{
"body": "I think that you are overthinking things here.\n\nSimply put:\n\n> サ変名詞{へんめいし} ＝ サ変接続{へんせつぞく}する名詞{めいし}\n\nサ変名詞 refers to a noun that can function as a verb by attaching the verb 「する」\nto it.\n\nThe three nouns that you listed (発表、機能 and 仮想) are good examples of サ変名詞. They\nall become verbs just by adding 「する」 at the end.\n\nNote that サ変名詞 include MANY katakana words such as\nアピール、デート、エンジョイ、リラックス、コーディネート, etc. That some of those are already verbs in\ntheir original language is completely irrelevant here because we are\ndiscussing Japanese, not English.\n\n(The learners should note that if you have to add 「する」 to form verbs out of\nnouns, those nouns would have to be loan words most of the time in the first\nplace. Loan words, of course, include those borrowed from Chinese. **Original\nJapanese verbs are already in verb forms without adding 「する」 or anything** ,\nare they not? Think of みる、いく、たべる、かく、うごく, etc.)\n\nAs you know, every conjugated form of 「する」 starts with a サ行{ぎょう}-syllable --\nしない、しよう、せず、させる、される、すれば、しろ、せよ. This is what 「サ変{へん}」 means -- the changes (in\nthe first syllables) within the サ行 in the conjugations of 「する」.\n\nThus, サ変接続 simply refers to the **_connecting of a noun to a form of 「する」_**.\n\nサ変名詞 is a noun that becomes a verb by サ変接続.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T01:56:44.730",
"id": "41764",
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"score": 8
}
]
| 41753 | 41764 | 41764 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41757",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Its from the song \"Stay with me\";\n\n> 帰らないでと泣いた\n\nAlso, is there a better way to translate the 'naide' form of a verb than\n\"without doing\"? It sounds quite odd I think.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T17:13:03.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41754",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T18:56:51.543",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-17T17:24:46.047",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-と",
"negation",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of と in this sentence?",
"view_count": 274
} | [
{
"body": "This could be the quoting `と`:\n\n\"Don't go!\", [she] cried.\n\nOr the the contidional one (though it's unlikely here , as mentioned by\n@snailplane below):\n\nWhen [she] said \"Don't go\", [I] cried.\n\nTo tell which it is, we'd need more context.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT**\n\nI found the lyrics (「真夜中のドア～Stay with me」 by 唐沢美帆) and the song goes like\nthis:\n\n```\n\n 私は私 貴方は貴方と\n 昨夜言ってた そんな気もするわ\n グレイのジャケットに見覚えがある コーヒーのしみ\n 相変わらずなのね\n ショーウィンドウに二人映れば\n \n Stay with me...\n 真夜中のドアをたたき 帰らないでと泣いた\n あの季節が今 目の前\n Stay with me\n 口癖を言いながら 二人の瞬間を抱いて\n まだ忘れず 大事にしていた\n \n```\n\nSo it seems the first version is correct, except the subject is the singer.\n\n> I cried, pleading \"Don't go!\".\n\n(changed slightly to avoid the double meaning of the English verb \"cry\")\n\nThe other stanzas also use the quoting `と` many times.\n\n* * *\n\nAs for `～ないで`, here it is short for `～ないで下さい`, i.e. it's a request to not do\nsomething (go back in this case). See also [Why don't we use ～なくて instead of\n～ないで?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25246/)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T18:02:50.367",
"id": "41757",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-17T18:56:51.543",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "41754",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41754 | 41757 | 41757 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41763",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between the verbs 助ける【たすける】 and 救う【すくう】?\n\nApparently, both mean _to save_.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen searching on Google, I found the same question asked on Yahoo! 知恵袋:\n\n>\n> [『助ける』と『救う』の意味の違いを教えてください。](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1066562850)\n\nI was able to understand the question, but my Japanese knowledge is far from\nenough to understand the answer. Anyway, it would be helpful to have this\nquestion asked in English so other beginners could have a chance.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T20:50:00.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41759",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T02:01:55.080",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-17T20:59:30.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "7494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between 助ける【たすける】 and 救う【すくう】",
"view_count": 1123
} | [
{
"body": "助ける means to help. Not to save. About the same as extend a helping hand.\n\n救う means to save. When helping suffering people and talking about religions,\nyou can use this.\n\nIn everyday life, you should _not_ use 救う. It sounds odd.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T23:36:19.690",
"id": "41763",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T02:01:55.080",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-18T02:01:55.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "14627",
"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "41759",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 41759 | 41763 | 41763 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41807",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Recently I've been looking into buying myself a copy of Ghiblis 「かぐや姫の物語」(The\nTale of Princess Kaguya)。\n\nNow, the first thing I noticed about the 日本語訳 is that it had a similarly\nannoying word in there, that word being the honorific suffix「姫」。It and the\nEnglish honorific adjective「Princess」annoy me as かぐや at no point fits the\ndefinition of ether, starting as a adopted peasant girl, and ending a kind of\nlunar shinto space alien chick, being at no point depicted as anything more\nthen a kind of consort.\n\nWhile yes I do understand that both these words are being used more to\ndescribe a kind of narrative archetype about her character rather then a\nactual position or title. This still got me thinking about these two words,\nand the fact that while they're near identical in there dictionary\ndefinitions, they still evolved separately and only met/were used\ninterchangeably, later on, thus meaning there could be considerable nuance\nbetween the two.\n\nSo ya, is there any kind of noteworthy differences or nuance between these two\nwords? Ether in the form of subtle differences in meaning, or in the form of\nnoteworthy differences in there etymology.\n\nI ask this because while most ancient cultures had this idea of a noble\ndaughter, the details often reveal fascinating differences into how each group\nconceptualised the role, as well as a insight into what exactly made the girl\na valuable asset.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T22:12:22.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41760",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T10:40:24.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Is there any definitional or etymological nuance between the English「Princess」and the Japanese「姫」？",
"view_count": 453
} | [
{
"body": "I don't know etymology of princess but that of ひめ is that it's comprised of ひ\nthat stands for the sun, sunlight or spirits and め, which is a suffix to stand\nfor female (the male version is こ, hence ひこ). It had basically meant noble\nwomen but you can find some words in the meaning of women in general like\n一姫二太郎 etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T10:40:24.883",
"id": "41807",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T10:40:24.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "41760",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41760 | 41807 | 41807 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41767",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the Japanese version of Smash 4 for the Wii U, if you let the game come up\nwith a name for you, one of the names it pops out is 4649. I'm assuming this\nis some joke based on the readings of the numbers being read as a name, but I\ncan't quite decipher what it's supposed to be. Does anyone have any insight on\nthis?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T03:35:35.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41766",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T04:01:49.423",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-18T04:01:49.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"names",
"numbers",
"puns"
],
"title": "How Could One Read 4649?",
"view_count": 240
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's [４]{よ}[６]{ろ}[４]{し}[９]{く}......",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T03:37:13.283",
"id": "41767",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T03:48:16.300",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-18T03:48:16.300",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "41766",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 41766 | 41767 | 41767 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A: Bちゃん彼氏できたの！？笑 B: イアイアはははは\n\nWhat does the イアイアはははは mean? Google translate is not helping at all",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T13:42:32.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41769",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T13:46:47.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19115",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does the thing B said mean?",
"view_count": 70
} | [
{
"body": "This looks like an exaggerated \"いやいやはははは\" (i.e. \"nonono, ha-ha-ha\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T13:46:47.647",
"id": "41770",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T13:46:47.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "41769",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41769 | null | 41770 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41772",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "The speaker is experiencing unusual levels of politeness after visiting the\nhouse of a relative who wants them to do a favour (he didn't visit with the\nknowledge that she wants a favour):\n\n> 「来たとたん何か用かよ」 \n> _As soon as_ I came can I help you?\n\nI'm not sure which part I'm failing to understand. I was sure とたん meant 'the\nmoment that'/'as soon as'. And I thought that 何か用か meant 'can I help you?',\nbut when I put the two together it makes no sense at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T14:40:50.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41771",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T08:34:25.780",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-24T10:49:27.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "10859",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Confusing use of とたん in 「来たとたん何か用かよ」",
"view_count": 1070
} | [
{
"body": "While \" ** _Can I help you?_** \" is one good way of translating\n「何{なに}か用{よう}かよ？」 in some situations, this is not one of those situations.\n\nHere, something like \" ** _So, you want a favor, eh?_** \" would fit much\nbetter.\n\n> \"As soon as I arrive(d), you want a favor, eh?\"\n\nI should perhaps mention the fact that \"You want a favor (or something), eh?\"\nis a far more literal TL of 「何か用かよ？」 than \"Can I help you?\" is. The latter is\na fairly free translation.\n\nThat is because the 「よ」 part of the 「かよ」 ending makes the phrase feel/sound\nmore like a statement than a question. 「かよ」 adds a mildly exclamatory or even\naccusatory tone to the sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T14:53:19.430",
"id": "41772",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-22T08:34:25.780",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-22T08:34:25.780",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41771",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "Literal meaning of `用` in this context is \"business; task\". So `何か用(です)か`\nmeans \"Do you have some business (to discuss/for me)?\" and \"Can I help you?\"\nis just a more polite version of that (although the _actual_ polite version is\nmore likely to be `何のご用ですか` in Japanese). As @l'électeur says, a more direct\nvariation will probably work much better here. I would probably use something\nlike\n\n> I only just stepped inside, and you already want something [from me]?\n\n(though I guess it does not differ that much)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T16:34:49.200",
"id": "41774",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T16:34:49.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "41771",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The speaker is saying,\n\n> \"I just got here and you're already asking me for a favor?\"\n\nThe use of かよ is a good hint that this is a bit aggressive/sarcastic,\ndefinitely not polite. Insert \"huh\" at the end of the sentence to get even\nmore of the flavor.\n\nThis is the kind of thing you'd say if it looks like the person is using you\nfor a favor rather than inviting you over because they want to hang out, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T18:20:31.623",
"id": "41775",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T18:33:09.103",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-18T18:33:09.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "3295",
"owner_user_id": "19118",
"parent_id": "41771",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "The part is \" **-かよ** \". It is generally an expression of mild to moderate\nastonishment (that can be positive, neutral or negative) - a rough equivalent\nin English would be something like \" **Aha, so...?** \", or by extension \" **Is\nit really ok...?** \" when it is clear from the context that the speaker is \"\n_rightfully_ \" expressing his/her astonishment (like \"学校サボっていいのかよ\" = \"Is it\nreally okay to skip school (today)?\")\n\nThe appropriate translation for the original question has already been\nmentioned by others, but I have to disagree with @l'électeur as I believe that\nunder no circumstances would \" _Can I help you?_ \" be an appropriate\ntranslation for \" **何か用かよ** \". If it is to be interpreted as an offer of help,\nit would have been said light-heartedly to a friend, and much more informal,\nmuch less polite.\n\nIn fact, it is so informal/impolite that even the \"formal\" version (and when\nactually _asked_ , unlike in \" **-かよ** \"), \" _何かご用でしょうか_ \", is at risk of\ncoming off as being passive-aggressive (cf. \" **Do you _want_ something?**\").\nIf I am to, say, offer help to a stranger, I would much prefer something like\n\"お呼びでしょうか？\" (\" **Do you _need_ something?**\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T03:48:28.740",
"id": "41801",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T03:48:28.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19126",
"parent_id": "41771",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41771 | 41772 | 41772 |
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