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{
"accepted_answer_id": "41805",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across this sentence in 雁:\n\n> 一体お玉の持っている悔やしいと云う概念には、世を怨み人を恨む意味が甚だ薄い。\n\nMy understanding is that 恨, unlike 怨, can convey not only resentment but also\nregret. My questions are the following:\n\n(1) Does 恨 carry anything like this connotation in the context of \"人を恨む\"? Does\n\"人を恨む\" express something less aggressive than \"人を怨む\"?\n\n(2) Are two different kanji for うらむ used here simply to avoid repeating kanji\nwithin a short span of text? If so, does this practice generally nullify the\nparticular connotations of the homophonic kanji in question? For example, if 恨\nwere used purely to avoid repetition, could it ever connote regret, or would\nit only express resentment?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T16:03:46.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41773",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T07:27:41.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19116",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "Can homophonic kanji (in this case 怨 and 恨) be used purely to avoid repetition?",
"view_count": 205
} | [
{
"body": "(1)It cannot be determined whether the ”恨む” include regret or not. More before\nand after sentences are needed for me to judge it.\n\n(2)Recently even Japanese can rarely distinguish these two kanji for\nうらむbecause \"恨む\" is way more common, and almost nobody without writers of pure\nliterature uses \"怨む\". However, I suppose that your practice sentence was\nquoted from a pure literature, so that the author used these two different\nKanji to differentiate the meaning. To avoid the repetition of same Kanji,\nthey don't change the kanji itself but change the verb itself because they\nknow, to be exact, every Kanji has a subtle different meaning from each other.\nIn this case, I suppose \"恨む\" contains regretful meaning, and \"怨む\" express more\naggressive and is pure curse to someone.\n\nAnyway, Japanese except writers of pure literature don't use \"怨む\" so much in\ndaily life because they don't know the difference correctly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T08:40:01.387",
"id": "41805",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T08:40:01.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19129",
"parent_id": "41773",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "恨 is on the list of 常用漢字｛じょうようかんじ｝ (Chinese characters designated for daily\nuse) and 怨 is on the list of 表外漢字｛ひょうがいかんじ｝ which means it is used less on the\ndaily basis on newspapers/subtitles etc. Although 恨む and 怨む can be translated\nas ill feelings such as \"blame\", \" bear a hard feeling\" and \" feel resentment\nagainst\" and share the same meanings, I personally sense that the ill feeling\ncontains a complaint to people or to one's self with 恨む and a maliciously\naggressive hatred to others with 怨む (this kanji is often used in horror\nnovels/ movies such as 呪怨｛じゅおん｝ aka The Grudge).\n\nHowever, in the sentence you came across, the author might have expected to\nthe readers to feel the subtle difference of those two kanjis or with the\nintention to spotlight the feeling of \"うらむ” in her 悔しい気持ち.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T07:27:41.267",
"id": "41914",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T07:27:41.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17713",
"parent_id": "41773",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41773 | 41805 | 41805 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41794",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence I am asking about is the following\n\n> [魚]｛さかな｝が[好]｛す｝きじゃない[人]｛ひと｝は、[肉]｛にく｝が[好]｛す｝きだ 」 \n> Person who does not like fish like meat\n>\n> Source: [Tae Kim's Guide to Learning\n> Japanese](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives)\n\nMy understanding, which is probably flawed in some aspect, is that は after\n「[魚]｛さかな｝が[好]｛す｝きじゃない[人]｛ひと｝」 should make the sentence mean \"People (in\ngeneral) who do not like fish like meat\", since は would mean in general as\nopposed to a particular occurrence (が).\n\nHow, then, would the general form be conveyed (i.e. \"People (in general) who\ndo not like fish like meat\")?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T18:30:22.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41776",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T15:24:59.407",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "19119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Why does は refer to a particular rather than general in some cases?",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "You are correct and that website is incorrect on this matter.\n\nUpon hearing/reading the sentence:\n\n> 「魚 {さかな} が好 {す} きじゃない人 {ひと} は、肉 {にく} が好 {す} きだ。 」\n\nPractically all Japanese-speakers will take the 「人」 to mean \" _ **people in\ngeneral**_ \". It is just _**extremely**_ unnatural to form that sentence when\nthe speaker/writer is referring to one particular person.\n\nTo alter the sentence so it talks about a particular individual, one could\nsay:\n\n> 「魚が好きじゃない〇〇さんは、肉が好きだ。」 or more naturally,\n>\n> 「〇〇さんは、魚 **は** 好きじゃないけど、肉 **は** 好きだ。」←Uses a pair of the contrastive 「は's」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T23:45:10.887",
"id": "41794",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T15:24:59.407",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41776",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 41776 | 41794 | 41794 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "what does sho ga nai mean? Shiran?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T20:36:03.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41785",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T19:14:35.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "what does sho ga nai mean?",
"view_count": 4609
} | [
{
"body": "削がない maybe?\n\nIt more or less means to not shave/slice off material, like when sharpening\nsomething, or when shaving something like your face or legs, or to not dampen\nor weaken a mood when used to describe more abstract things, but without\ncontext we can't easily tell which is intended.\n\nSee the plain negative infliction of this:\n<http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%90>\n\n**Update,** it could also be 仕様が無い as G-Cam mentioned, which would be written\nas 'shyou ga nai' not 'sho ga nai'.\n\nIt literally translates to 'The way does not exist', which is the Japanese way\nof saying 'There is no way' in the sense that something cannot be avoided, it\nwill happen, there's nothing you can do, things like that.\n\nSee this expression here:\n<http://jisho.org/search/%E4%BB%95%E6%A7%98%E3%81%8C%E7%84%A1%E3%81%84>\n\nHope this helps lad. :D",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T20:41:39.120",
"id": "41786",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T19:13:42.313",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-19T19:13:42.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"parent_id": "41785",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I assume you mean \"Shō ga nai,\" which is an alternative spelling of a common\nJapanese phrase \"shikata ga nai\" which translates roughly to \"there's nothing\nto be done.\" It's a phrase which isn't quite so pessimistic as it sounds,\nthough. The phrase is more along the lines of endurance and perseverance in\nthe face of adversity. Presumably this is what was written on the front of the\nnewspapers the day after the Fukushima disaster in 2011. It means, more than\nanything: we/I will go on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T23:54:17.627",
"id": "41795",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T23:54:17.627",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19124",
"parent_id": "41785",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think that you refer to \"shōganai\" which is alternative pronunciation of\n\"shiyō ga nai\"\n([仕様がない](http://tangorin.com/general/%E4%BB%95%E6%A7%98%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)）which\nmeans \"it can't be helped\" or \"it's inevitable\".\n\n\"Shiyōganai\" can be interchanged with \"shikata ga nai\"\n([仕方がない](http://tangorin.com/general/%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T02:11:38.857",
"id": "41799",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T02:11:38.857",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10468",
"parent_id": "41785",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Clearly, it means 生姜{しょうが}ない, _\"I have no ginger\"_ , a common exclamation when\none checks the fridge and discovers an absence of that spicy rhizome,\nindicating a need to go grocery shopping. For when one has an adequate supply\nof ginger, all things are possible.\n\n`</oyaji>`",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T19:14:35.240",
"id": "41819",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T19:14:35.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "41785",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41785 | null | 41799 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41797",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I know the (place)へ(noun)を(verb)に行きます construction, but I also know that in\nsome instances the particle に can indicate the place where we're going. Is it\npossible to use に instead of へ in this construction? For example, to say\n北海道に雪を見に行きます? If not, why?\n\nIs it any different when there is no noun, just (place)へ(verb)に行きます?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T21:18:35.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41787",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-22T01:02:16.063",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-22T01:02:16.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-へ"
],
"title": "the に行きます construction and particles",
"view_count": 471
} | [
{
"body": "Both are usable in this context.\n\nに places more emphasis on the location, and marks the place as the final\nlocation, while へ marks the direction (you go to Hokkaido to see the snow, but\nyou might continue traveling to another location afterwards). In my mostly\ntextbook exposure to Japanese, I've seen the (place)へ(noun)を(verb)に行きます\nconstruct and would preferably use this in this context to, especially since\nHokkaido is a pretty big place and can be narrowed down quite a bit. It'd be\ndifferent if you'd specify longitude and latitude, then に would be most likely\nthe proper particle to use - but then again, how natural would that sound?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T22:46:18.983",
"id": "41792",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T22:46:18.983",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11369",
"parent_id": "41787",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "In saying \"going _**to**_ a place\", nearly all Japanese speakers, myself\nincluded, would use both 「へ」 and 「に」 interchangeably. That is the cold fact\nwhether or not the strictest grammarians would approve of it.\n\nBoth of these sentences are correct and natural-sounding:\n\n> 「北海道{ほっかいどう} **に** 雪{ゆき}を見{み}に行{い}きます。」\n>\n> 「北海道 **へ** 雪を見に行きます。」\n\nSaying that the two sentences mean different things would be nitpicking.\n\n> Is it any different when there is no noun, just (place)へ(verb)に行きます?\n\nNo, it is the same. Either 「に」 or 「へ」 can still be used to indicate the\ndestination.\n\nIt is perfectly OK to use _**two**_ に's because the meanings/usages are\ndifferent. One indicates destination and the other, purpose. For instance, you\ncan say:\n\n「北海道 **に/へ** 遊{あそ}び **に** 行きます。」\n\n「遊ぶ」 is the purpose of your visit. It just needs to be conjugated into its\ncontinuative form 「遊び」 to connect to the purpose-marking particle 「に」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T00:24:31.863",
"id": "41797",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-21T23:30:01.020",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-21T23:30:01.020",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41787",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "Selected answer is correct, but if you do want to nitpick the difference, it's\nthat へ places slightly more emphasis on the motion toward the destination /\ndeparting from the origin, whereas に places slightly more emphasis on arrival\nat the destination itself. It's a bit like the difference between a visual\nwhere you draw the arrows indicating going to Hokkaido from here like this:\n\n> here -----> . . . . . . . . . Hokkaido\n\nversus like this:\n\n> here . . . . . . . . -------> Hokkaido\n\nFor へ and に, respectively. In complete sentences, this basically never makes\nany difference except in how a sentence feels.\n\nHowever, by the very fact that に has multiple possible meanings here whereas へ\nonly has one, へ is preferred as being clearer when context is low, such as\nincomplete sentences. For example, you could ask someone where they're going\ntoday by saying\n\n> **今日はどちらに** [行きますか] **？**\n\nbut since this could also be short for\n\n> **今日はどちらに** [しますか] **？** (\"Which will you choose today?\")\n\nit is much more common to say\n\n> **今日はどちらへ？**\n\nAlso, a travel agency will frequently use 北海道へ！ as a standalone sales line,\nbut not so often 北海道に！ since it is ambiguous and also has less of a feeling of\nmovement.\n\nHere's another business example where へ is preferred:\n<https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ldpsn.jpg> (basically, \"Come to us for rental\nproperty info in Okinawa\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T12:37:35.553",
"id": "41814",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T12:37:35.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19118",
"parent_id": "41787",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 41787 | 41797 | 41797 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41789",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can you help me with this kanji , I can't find it ... [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VLScK.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T21:32:28.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41788",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T21:36:52.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19122",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "problem to find this kanji",
"view_count": 78
} | [
{
"body": "It's 用. It can mean quite a few things depending on the context, but it's\nprobably \"use\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T21:36:52.813",
"id": "41789",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T21:36:52.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10712",
"parent_id": "41788",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41788 | 41789 | 41789 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41793",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of がな at the end of the following sentence? (I divided it\ninto 3 pieces because this is how it's written on the manga page it is taken\nfrom. Source: <https://i.stack.imgur.com/vSnlY.jpg>)\n\n> \"齋藤仁【さいとうじん】\"がそういうんじゃねえってことくらいは // ずっと見続けてきてんだわかる // 口では絶対【ぜって】ェ言ってやんねえがな\n\nI read on dictionaries that がな can indicate a wish, or uncertainty, but I\nthink it has just an emphatic value in this case. My attempt:\n\n> \"Jin Saito\" is not what he looks like / I know it 'cause I've always watched\n> him / (But?) There's no way I can say it\n\nI would also be grateful if you could correct any error in my translation,\nthank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T21:48:26.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41790",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T08:47:18.183",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-19T08:47:18.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particles"
],
"title": "Meaning of がな at the end of this sentence",
"view_count": 1341
} | [
{
"body": "「～～～がな」＝「～～～ + が + な」＝「～～～ + けど + な」\n\nIn this context,\n\n「が」＝「けど」＝ \"though\", \"although\".\n\n「な」 here is a sentence-ending particle expressing a light kind of declaration.\n\n> 「絶対{ぜって}ェ言ってやんねえがな」\n\ntherefore, is Kanto tough guy speech for:\n\n> 「絶対{ぜったい}言ってやらないけどな」\n\n= \" ** _There is no way I'm gonna tell him, though._** \"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-18T23:25:50.680",
"id": "41793",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-18T23:25:50.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41790",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41790 | 41793 | 41793 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41800",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Consider the following conversation:\n\n> **Miss A:** Mr B, could you please pick up the customer at the airport\n> tomorrow?\n>\n> **Mr B:** Oh yes, could please remind me again tomorrow?\n\nHow would I in a natural way express Mr B's wish to be reminded again lest he\nforgets.\n\nMy first guess would be something along the lines of:\n\n> Bさん：分かりました、明日も言ってくれますか？\n\nHowever this doesn't convey the meaning of \"reminding\". Another way could be:\n\n> Bさん：分かりました、明日また思い出させてくれませんか？\n\nBut I'm not sure you can use 「思い出す」 in this manner. Is there some better way\nof expressing the intent to \"remind me again later\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T02:06:38.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41798",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T10:41:34.440",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10468",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How would I express the sentiment \"Remind me again tomorrow\"?",
"view_count": 2737
} | [
{
"body": "'To remind' is one of the verbs that are difficult to directly translate into\nJapanese. 思い出させてくれませんか is grammatically and semantically correct, but sounds\nfairly unnatural to me.\n\n明日も言ってくれますか is fine, but 明日もう一度言ってくれますか would be better. You may add 念のため,\n忘れるといけないので or something to make it sound clearer and milder.\n\n**EDIT:** Some businesspersons might say リマインドしてくれませんか, too, which may be safe\ndepending on where you work at.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T02:11:45.567",
"id": "41800",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T02:41:51.343",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-19T02:41:51.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41798",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "Try this:\n\n> 忘れないように（明日もまた）言ってくれますか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T10:41:34.440",
"id": "41808",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T10:41:34.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19118",
"parent_id": "41798",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41798 | 41800 | 41800 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41806",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The lack of examples makes me difficult to understand well the difference\nbetween 恥知らず and 厚顔無恥. Both seem to mean \"shameless\".\n\nFor example, can I use both as follows? Are there any differences?\n\n> 脱いだまま公園で散歩する人は **恥知らず** だ。 \n> 脱いだまま公園で散歩する人は **厚顔無恥** だ。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T05:20:25.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41802",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"wago-and-kango",
"yoji-jukugo"
],
"title": "恥知らず【はじしらず】 versus 厚顔無恥【こうがんむち】",
"view_count": 498
} | [
{
"body": "These two are basically same meaning,so either one is fine in this situation.\nTo be exact, for me, 厚顔無恥 sounds a bit stronger than 恥知らず, but Japanese don't\ncare the differences so much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T08:06:22.633",
"id": "41804",
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{
"body": "「恥知{はじし}らず」 is an originally Japanese word (大和言葉{やまとことば}) as you could tell, I\nhope, from its reading/pronunciation. ( _ **Please do not be fooled by the use\nof kanji (恥 & 知). The kanji were just \"assigned\" to the word later on.\nJapanese was only a spoken language before we encountered the Chinese and\nstarted learning the kanji and created the kana.**_)\n\n「厚顔無恥{こうがんむち}」 is, of course, a straight-up Sino-loanword.\n\nJust like the million other Yamato-Sino word pairs, there is little to no\ndifference in the basic meaning.\n\nThe difference that does exist is that the Sino counterpart tends to sound\n_**more formal, more academic, less intuitive**_ , etc. than the Yamato\ncounterpart, which is why Japanese kids generally learn the Yamato words\nfirst.\n\nFinally, the general differences between Yamato words and Sino-loanwords are\n_**strikingly**_ similar, IMHO, to those between English-origin words and\n\"big\" Latin loanwords used in English - begin vs. commence, worker vs.\nemployee, put out vs. extinguish, go down vs. descend, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T09:54:38.360",
"id": "41806",
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}
]
| 41802 | 41806 | 41806 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41812",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the situation in which when I left my house in the morning for\nworking, I found the street was wet. I think the following expression is\nungrammatical.\n\n> 昨日雨が降ったそうだ。\n\nBecause ～そうだ (conjecture) must represent event that will happen in the future\nor represent the current state of something or someone.\n\n> 昨日雨が降りそうだった。\n\ndoes not make sense as well, right?\n\n# Question\n\nSo what is the correct expression to say the following?\n\n> There might be raining yesterday.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-19T10:44:22.427",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the grammatical form for the ungrammatical 昨日雨が降ったそうだ?",
"view_count": 369
} | [
{
"body": "You can use [～ようだ](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%A7%98%E3%81%A0) that means\n\"seeming to be\" or \"appearing to be\":\n\n> 昨日雨が降った **ようだ** 。\n>\n> It seems that it rained yesterday.\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, 昨日雨が降りそうだった。 is still a valid sentence which means \"it seemed\nlikely to rain yesterday.\"\n\nThis is valid because \"雨が降りそう\" was a conjecture about future or present at the\ntime it was made.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T11:49:44.563",
"id": "41812",
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}
]
| 41810 | 41812 | 41812 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'd like a translation of what is being said in the third window bubble.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XpURA.jpg)\n\nIt begins with その他 and is just that bubble. \nI translated it as:\n\n> \"In addition, he made some other various things which did cost some money,\n> but. . .\"\n\nAnd then it continues in the next bubble. \nI am just curious as how this is meant to be translated. I just want a quite\nliteral translation of it. To me it sounds like the speaker is receiving\nvarious kinds of money that is being made.\n\nSince I knew from the context that such is not the case, I still feel vexxed\nby the fact that my translating skills are so horrid. for example 色々と means to\nme not various things but just \"various\" since it doesn't have the を particle.\nthe には, 作っていただいた金 (I) got to make for me money?!? just sounds weird. Please\nhelp.\n\nIt might be because the japanese are so horrendously bad at marking out\n(assumed) words like say. I also had it make other various things(.) (WHICH)\nit did cost some money but. Since the japanese don't have any good 'which'\nwords, it is usually portrayed in って. But since 作っていただいた金 could mean 'money\nthat I (had) him make for me, or something.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T13:15:40.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41815",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-19T13:35:06.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17948",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Translation of bubble needed",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "You should parse it as:\n\n> その他にも彼には色々と作っていただいた。 \n> 金はかかったけど。\n\nLiterally: \"Other than this, we had him make various things, too. \nIt did cost some money, though.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T13:24:02.950",
"id": "41816",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T13:31:07.320",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-19T13:31:07.320",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "41815",
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"score": 4
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| 41815 | null | 41816 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41829",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 「わたしゃキモチ悪くて見れないんだよ」 \n> It's disgusting and I can't look.\n\nSometimes は still confuses me. I assume I should parse this as\nわたしゃ(キモチ悪くて見れないんだよ) with an implied subject for 気持ち悪い i.e. 'it'.\n\nI started reading as \"I'm disgusting and ...\". So the question is, is:\n\n> 私は気持ち悪い\n\nambigous as a standalone statement ? Can it mean both \"I am disgusting\" and\n\"It's disgusting for me\"?\n\nCan I disambiguate it by adding particle に:\n\n> 私には気持ち悪い\n\n?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-19T16:32:49.537",
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"id": "41817",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Another は and に question for 「わたしゃキモチ悪くて見れないんだよ」",
"view_count": 229
} | [
{
"body": "Yes and yes. Divorced of all context, yes 私は気持ち悪い is indeed ambiguous and yes\nyou can help disambiguate it with に like you did. Fundamentally Japanese is a\nmore context-dependent language than English, so this situation arises\nfrequently.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T19:18:47.123",
"id": "41820",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T19:18:47.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19118",
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},
{
"body": "> I started reading as \"I'm disgusting and ...\". So the question is, is:\n>\n\n>> 私は気持ち悪い\n\n>\n> ambigous as a standalone statement ? Can it mean both \"I am disgusting\" and\n> \"It's disgusting for me\"?\n\nYes. If he or she is talking about him or her, it means \"I am disgusting\";\notherwise it means \"It's disgusting for me\".\n\n> Can I disambiguate it by adding particle に:\n>\n\n>> 私には気持ち悪い\n\nYes. You can also say it this way\n\n> 気持ち悪い\n\nor\n\n> 気持ち悪く感じる(思う)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T19:50:55.377",
"id": "41821",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T19:50:55.377",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "41817",
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"score": 5
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{
"body": "Yes,\n\n> 私は気持ち悪い\n\nhas an inherent ambiguity whether it describes the subject's quality or\nfeeling. Some words in English also have the problem, for example:\n\n> I'm cold\n\ncould be both \"I feel cold\" or \"I am cold-hearted\". Thankfully Japanese has\ndifferent word for each (寒い and 冷たい) so that we don't end up in confusion :)\n\nBut you could usually make use of context:\n\n> 道路に動物の死体みたいなものがあるんだけど――わたしゃキモチ悪くて見れないんだよ \n> → _I feel disgusted and cannot look at it_\n>\n> 鈴木くんが目を見て話してくれないんだけど――わたしゃキモチ悪くて見れないんだよ \n> → (I think) _I am disgusting and he cannot look at me_\n\nand so on.\n\n> _Can I disambiguate it by adding particle に:_\n>\n\n>> _私には気持ち悪い_\n\nYes, but it's more like rewording because it changes the meaning a bit.\nTypically it means \"too disgusting for me\".\n\nIt may be a dirty hack, but if you say 私は気持ち **が** 悪い it'll be understood\nalmost solely as \"I'm disgusted/sick\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-20T02:48:55.603",
"id": "41829",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 41817 | 41829 | 41820 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "たまに would mean occasionally/once in a while right?\n\nhow can we translate んだ in this context? or is it just an expression? if the\ntranslation is wrong, do tell me.\n\n> Text: たまにはなプレゼントをもらっていいと思うんだ。 \n> Translation: I think it is okay to receive present once in a while\n\nよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T17:25:32.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41818",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-21T16:30:25.187",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-21T16:30:25.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "17638",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"no-da"
],
"title": "the meaning of たまに and んだ",
"view_count": 977
} | [
{
"body": "> > Text: たまにはなプレゼントをもらっていいと思うんだ。\n>>\n\n>> Translation: I think it is okay to receive present once in a while\n\nYes. This translation is correct. You can also say it without \"んだ\".\n\n> たまにはプレゼントもらっていいと思う。\n\nYou use the first form when you talk to someone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T20:15:10.257",
"id": "41822",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-19T20:15:10.257",
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{
"body": "Yes たまに means \"occasionally.\"\n\nんだ at the end of the sentence is not related to たまに. This んだ is the\ncolloquialism for のだ, which is often called _explanatory no(da)_. In your\nsentence, んだ is not necessary but used for mild emphasis. Most of the time you\ndon't have to translate this のだ explicitly.\n\n * [Explanatory のだ （んだ）](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/explanatory-noda/)\n * [What is the meaning of ～んです?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5398)\n * [How is the \"のです\" working here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3349)\n\nBy the way, the な after たまには is one of the masculine [filler\nparticles](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14924/5010) which do nothing\nsemantically.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T03:03:35.083",
"id": "41832",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
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]
| 41818 | null | 41832 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41827",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So in a negative construction, うちに means \"before\". 前に is also used to mean\n\"before\", but in verb-dict. form of course. How are they different? Also,\nwhile we're on this topic, with positive verbs うちに means \"while\" or \"during\".\nHow is this different from saying ながら or 間? Are all 3 interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-19T23:58:56.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41825",
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"owner_user_id": "14352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 前に and うちに",
"view_count": 4968
} | [
{
"body": "You could translate うちに to \"before\", but more accurately it'd be closer to\n\"while\" or \"during\" as in \"during a period when a certain situation remains in\neffect.\"\n\n> 雨が降らない **うちに** 帰りましょう。= While it is not raining, let's head home!\n\n前に on the other hand has a clearer distinction of what happens before.\n\n> 私は東京へ行く **前に** 日本語を勉強しました。= Before I went to Tokyo, I studied Japanese.\n\nThe use of ながら expresses actions that happen simultaneously.\n\n> 私は踊りながら音楽を聞きます。= Every time I listen to music, I dance.\n\nHere with using ながら the later listed action (listening music) is the focus.\nWhen using あいだに, both actions are of equal importance.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T00:11:32.493",
"id": "41826",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-20T00:59:01.810",
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{
"body": "## 前に\n\n前に is the easiest and clearest way to say 'before'. It can be used with the\nconstructions noun + の、and Vnon-past。\n\n 1. Noun + の\n\n旅行 **の前に** 風邪を引きました Before the trip I caught a cold\n\n試験 **の前に** 映画を見に行った Before the exam I went to see a movie.\n\n 2. Vnon-past （する）\n\n(this means verb in non-past/dictionary/casual form, whatever you know it by)\n\n日本へ **行く前に** 日本語を勉強しました Before I went to Japan I studied Japanese.\n\n日本人はご飯を **食べる前に** 「いただきます」と言います。 Japanese people say \"itadakimasu\" before they\neat\n\nNote that it is always non-past form, even when the action took place in the\npast (first example). The tense of the final verb in the sentence reflects the\ntemporality of the whole sequence.\n\n## うちに\n\nうちに refers to completing an action while a given situation is still in effect.\nOften, the implication is that, once the situation has changed, completing the\nparticular action will become more difficult, less pleasant, etc.\n\n 1. Vnegative （しない）\n\nUsed with a negative verb, if can mean before something happens (before it's\ntoo late)\n\n雨が **降らないうちに** テニスをしてきます I'm going to play tennis before it rains\n\n**忘れないうちに** 言っておきたいことがあります I have something to tell you before I forget.\n\n 2. Vpresent-continuous （している）・Vpotential （できる）\n\nWith the ている or できる form, it means 'while' or 'during'.\n\n**考えているうちに** 分からなくなった While thinking about it, I got lost/confused\n\n**働けるうちに** 出来るだけ働きたい I want to work as much as possible while I (still) can\nwork\n\n 3. い and な adjectives\n\nUsed with adjectives it also means 'while'\n\n**温かいうちに** 飲んでください Please drink it while it's warm\n\n 4. Nouns\n\nWith nouns, it predictably tends to mean 'during'.\n\n**休みのうちに** よく寝ておきます I'll sleep a lot during the holidays (while I have the\nchance)\n\n## ながら\n\nながら has a more restricted use. When nagara is used, the subject must be the\nsame in both clauses (same person doing the actions), and can only be used\nwith verbs, unlike うちに.\n\n新聞を **読みながら** 朝ごはんを食べます I read the newspaper while eating breakfast.\n\nWith nagara, the second action is the main action of the sentence.\n\nものを **食べながら** 話してはいけません You shouldn't talk with your mouth full (while eating)\n\nWhen the subjects of the two actions are different, you can use 間\n\n## 間（に）\n\n間 expresses one of two things.\n\n 1. Simultaneous actions of approximately the same duration\n\n私がご飯を **食べている間** 、父はテレビを見ていました While I was eating, dad was watching TV\n\n(this cannot be expressed with nagara, as the subjects are different (me/dad))\n\n 2. A second action falls within the time span of first action\n\n私がご飯を **食べている間に** 、電話が鳴りました While I was eating, the phone rang",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-20T00:44:20.100",
"id": "41827",
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| 41825 | 41827 | 41827 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41831",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When looking for an apartment, I often see 契約期間:2年 written. What does it mean?\nI have to make a contract for 2 years and then it can be renewed or extended\nwith some extra renewal cost? Can I rent just for 1 year?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T02:11:53.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41828",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T10:09:56.380",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-20T02:27:40.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 契約期間:2年 mean?",
"view_count": 387
} | [
{
"body": "In japan You usually have a minimum contract of 1 or 2 years. If you leave\nearlier you will need to pay a fee worth 1-3 month rent. There is probably no\nproblem in staying longer. If you need to renew every time is a question\nbetter asked to the owner. But it's probably not an immediate problem.\n\nWhere I stayed in my first apartment in Japan, no renewal was required, but if\nI didn't stay at least 1 year(I didn't) I had to pay 3 month rent(or so said\ncontract I signed, but the owner said I didn't have to pay when I left. lucky\nme).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T02:50:39.197",
"id": "41830",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T02:50:39.197",
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{
"body": "As a sentence of Japanese, it just means the contract is valid for two years.\n\nPractically, first you have to check whether it's 普通借家契約 or 定期借家契約. The latter\nis uncommon but it means you cannot extend the contract and have to leave your\napartment after the contract expires (3 years, for example). See:\n[「普通借家契約」と「定期借家契約」](http://www.fudousan.or.jp/kiso/rent/shakka.html)\n\nUnless explicitly mentioned as **定期** , it's 普通借家契約, which means you can\nbasically rent the apartment as long as you want. Still, you need to renew\nyour contract usually every two years. You may be charged additional 1 or 2\nmonths of rent money under the name of 契約更新料 (\"contract renewal fee\") unless\notherwise mentioned as 更新料無料. In any case, you can leave your apartment before\ntwo years pass without penalty provided you notify the owner one month prior\nto the leaving date.\n\nBut there may be exceptions on a case-by-case basis, so you need to understand\nthe contract. You can have a detailed explanation before you make a contract.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-20T02:53:29.627",
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}
]
| 41828 | 41831 | 41831 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41836",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "So, it is my understanding that 日の出 means sunrise and 日の入り means sunset.\nHowever I'm having difficulty understanding why. 日の出 to me would mean, \"The\nsun's exit\", and 日の入り to me would mean \"The sun's entrance\". Can anyone help\nme better break down these nouns? Is there some meaning to 出 and 入り that I am\nmissing?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T14:21:50.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41834",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T14:34:06.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19145",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"particle-の",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Confused on why 日の出 and 日の入り mean what they do",
"view_count": 489
} | [
{
"body": "Isn't the concept (of how sun behaves) natural even for English speakers?\n\n * 日の出 the sun **comes out**\n\n * 日の入り the sun **sets in**\n\nThe only subtle difference being the verb \"set in\" instead of \"go in\", but the\ndirection is preserved.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T14:28:20.163",
"id": "41835",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T14:33:24.793",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-20T14:33:24.793",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"parent_id": "41834",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The picture here is actually about the horizon (地平線).\n\n日の出 means that the sun \"comes out\" from the horizon.\n\n日の入り means that the sun \"goes into\" the horizon.\n\nHope this could be helpful to you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T14:33:20.033",
"id": "41836",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T14:33:20.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13791",
"parent_id": "41834",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Well, you're at the very least on the right track. I think your confusion is\ncoming with the stem of the verb 出る. Now, you're right in that it can mean \"to\nexit\", but a better, broader meaning would be something like \"to come out\",\nwhich would apply to 日の出. For that one, think of it more like, \"the coming out\nof the sun (from the horizon)\", which is closer to the meaning of \"sunrise\" is\nhas.\n\nThe same goes for 日の入り. 入る means something more like \"to enter\" or \"to go\ninto\" in a broader sense. What this means for you, however, is that you can\nthink of 日の入り as meaning \"entrance of the sun (into the horizon)\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T14:34:06.560",
"id": "41837",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T14:34:06.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12154",
"parent_id": "41834",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41834 | 41836 | 41836 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41843",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Many times I find myself saying thanks to a store clerk, flowed by their\nsaying thank you very much. I am used to walking away saying bye or have a\nnice day, but am not sure what the equivalent is. What is the proper phrase\nfor someone I don't know but a polite have a nice day. If this isn't common to\ndo that is also good to know.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T15:23:39.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41838",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-21T05:45:45.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19146",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"greetings"
],
"title": "Saying goodbye to a store clerk",
"view_count": 2984
} | [
{
"body": "It isn't common, especially in those mass selling stores. Not I'm highly\nintrovert, but most Japanese don't say anything, or just nod a little (which\nis a slightest form of bowing).\n\nOf course, they do usual greetings as friends when the clerk and the customer\nhave personal acquaintance (which is pretty often in my neighborhood store),\nbut in most cases, the Japanese in-store conversation is the clerk\nunidirectionally greets the customer.\n\nHowever, if you'd like to say something in response to clerk's ありがとうございました,\n\n> どうも, こちらこそ\n\nshould not sound very weird, or in restaurants,\n\n> ごちそうさまでした\n\nmakes you polite.\n\nIn some one-man managed small shops or boutiques, you might feel the real\nnecessity to say a word like:\n\n> さようなら, また来ます, またよろしくお願いします etc.\n\nbut in my opinion this sort is nothing but general social conversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T18:01:49.347",
"id": "41843",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T18:01:49.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
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"score": 7
},
{
"body": "To give you an idea of what is normal in case you are not familiar,it's kind\nof strange if the customer doesn't know the clerk personally and still\nresponds in an extra friendly manner. (which includes saying something like\n\"have a nice day\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-21T05:45:45.050",
"id": "41857",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-21T05:45:45.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19154",
"parent_id": "41838",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 41838 | 41843 | 41843 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41842",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm having trouble understanding exactly what this person is saying to me. The\ncontext being that I was asked a question by them, and after responding they\nsaid this:\n\n> そうでしたか！それを聞けて逆に安心しました…！笑\n\nI believe: そうでしたか！ = Was that so!? And maybe: それを聞けて = Able to hear that and\n...\n\nBut: 逆に安心しました = was oppositely relieved (?) Does this mean they became\nrelieved, and were worried before (the opposite of relieved), or something\nelse?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T15:28:44.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41839",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T18:56:17.993",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-20T17:43:51.183",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Understanding what 逆に means in context with an emotion",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "It means \"(I probably shouldn't have heard that) but when I could hear that, I\nwas rather relieved .\"\n\n逆に in this sentence means \"on the contrary\", \"rather\". For example,\n失敗して逆に良かった(I failed, but on the contrary it was good).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T17:03:15.660",
"id": "41842",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T17:42:02.807",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-20T17:42:02.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "41839",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "It means the feeling of being relieved goes against what one might have\nexpected, perhaps contrary to what the person themselves expected.\n\n> So that's how it was? Despite what [you/I] might've thought, I am relieved\n> having been able to hear this explanation.\n\nWhat exactly that expectation that was broken is depends on the context and\ncannot be inferred with certainty here. One guess, which makes this sentence\nless convoluted sounding:\n\n> So that's how it was? I was afraid to ask, but hearing this explanation I'm\n> glad I did.\n\nOr perhaps:\n\n> … Despite what you might think, I'm relieved you explained it to me.\n\n(This would be the appropriate interpretation if your explanation might put\nthe person into an awkward position.)\n\nIt's also possible that it doesn't have any particular meaning at all and is\nmostly a habit of the speaker.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T18:27:49.993",
"id": "41846",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T18:56:17.993",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-20T18:56:17.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "88",
"owner_user_id": "88",
"parent_id": "41839",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41839 | 41842 | 41842 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41841",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the English alphabet, each letter has a pronunciation (or many) as well as\na name (that is used when referring to the letter as an entity, when spelling,\netc.). As far as I know, in Japanese, the kana have a pronunciation only and\neach kana's name _is_ its pronunciation.\n\nSo my question is, **\" How do you verbally refer to a specific kana in\nJapanese?\"**\n\nSpecifically, I'm particularly interested in how to refer to **ん** (given that\nit represents a nasal sound and has no pronunciation by itself) and **を**\n(given that it sounds the same as お).\n\nFor example, how would one speak the following sentence:\n\n> 「ん」と「を」の[読み方]{よみかた}は何{なん}ですか？\n>\n> How do you read \"ん\" and \"を\"?\n\nBy the way, if the above sentence is not grammatical or unnatural, please\ncorrect me.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T15:58:43.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41840",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T16:44:02.500",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"kana"
],
"title": "How to refer to kana verbally",
"view_count": 514
} | [
{
"body": "We usually call individual hiragana by its pronunciation. If it can be\nconfusing, we can clarify that we're talking about hiraganas by saying, for\nexample, \" **ひらがなの** 「あ」\".\n\nWhen we have to confirm that there is no mistake, we use words that include a\ncertain hiragana. For example, we say \" **りんごの** 「り」\". [There is a\nstandardized way to do this in radio\ncommunication](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1%E8%A1%A8#.E5.92.8C.E6.96.87.E9.80.9A.E8.A9.B1.E8.A1.A8).\nThis is the same technique as we use to orally tell kanjis.\n\nAs you mentioned, 「を」 is special since it has same pronunciation as 「お」. There\nare various ways to refer to 「を」. I have heard \" **わ[行]{ぎょう}の** 「を」\" and \"\n**くっつきの** 「を」\". See [Japanese Wikipedia article of\nを](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%92) for more examples.\n\nHowever, 「ん」 is not such a special hiragana, in that we can distinguish 「ん」\nand others with pronunciation. Saying \"ひらがなの「ん」\" is enough.\n\n* * *\n\n> 「ん」と「を」の[読み方]{よみかた}は[何]{なん}ですか？\n>\n> How do you read \"ん\" and \"を\"?\n\nI'd say:\n\n> ひらがなの、「ん」とわ行の「を」ってどう[読]{よ}めばいいんですか？\n\nI used the techniques described above to refer to 「ん」 and 「を」.\n\n\"読み方は何ですか\" is not wrong but it sounds like asking \"What is the way to\npronounce ...?\". In this case asking \"How ...?\" is better, so I use the word\nどう that means \"how.\"\n\nAlso, どう読めばいい（ん）ですか is more natural than どう読みますか. いい means \"good\" or\n\"correct\", so it sounds like \"How to pronounce _correctly_ ...?\", which\nmatches the context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T16:30:04.780",
"id": "41841",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T16:44:02.500",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-20T16:44:02.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "17890",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "41840",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 41840 | 41841 | 41841 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Was about to tweet something like this:\n\n> ジェイクさんは野村君にとってどんどん指導者みたいになっていってるみたいな感じだね。\n\n\"It feels like Jake is gradually becoming more and more like a mentor to\nNomura, doesn't it?\"\n\n...but a cursory Google shows that while there's of course a ton of results\nfor 「になってるみたいな感じ」, and plenty for both 「いってるみたいな感じ」 and 「なっていってるみたい」, there's\nnone at all for 「になっていってるみたいな感じ」, so I was wondering if there's something\nwrong with my usage here? It doesn't seem like this exact combination of\nelements should be so uncommon unless there was something wrong with it\nsomehow. Any other corrections welcome, of course.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T18:06:05.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41844",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T19:01:32.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"syntax",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Rules for 「みたいな感じ」（なっていってるみたいな感じ？）",
"view_count": 688
} | [
{
"body": "指導者みたいになっていってるみたいな感じだね is grammatically okay, but is unnecessarily long and\nroundabout. If I heard a native speaker say this, I would probably feel he's\neither joking or muddled.\n\nAt least you should drop one of the two みたい:\n\n * 指導者みたいになっていってる感じだね\n * 指導者になっていってるみたいな感じだね\n\nThis may be nit-picky, but I would usually expect なってってる instead of なっていってる in\na casual sentence like this.\n\n * 指導者みたいになってってる感じだね\n * 指導者になってってるみたいな感じだね\n\nNote that `verb/adjective + みたいな（感じ）` should be used sparingly because it's\noften considered as a typical obscure 若者言葉. `noun + みたいな感じ` is much safer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T19:01:32.120",
"id": "41848",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T19:01:32.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41844",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41844 | null | 41848 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Are there particular rules on when to use one or the other? 休〜 appears to be\nmore of a temporary closure or suspension (with implied continuation at some\npoint in the near future)...\n\n> * この図書館は改装のため、来月まで休館となっています。ご了承ください。 → Due to our remodeling, this library\n> will be closed until next month. Thank you for your understanding.\n> * あしたは休講です。 → There is no class tomorrow\n> * _はしか_ の発生により、来週は休校です。 → Due to a measles outbreak, (this) school will be\n> closed next week. → I actually saw this when I lived in Japan.\n>\n\n...While 閉〜 is more like a complete shutdown of something.\n\n> * 閉校 = [廃校]{はい・こう} → Close down a school\n> * 閉業 → Close down a business\n> * 閉場 → Close a theatre/meeting room\n>\n\nHowever, there seems to be some overlap in some terms.\n\n> * 閉店 = 休業 → Close a store for the day (to open again the next day)\n> * Whereas 休店 seems to be used when a store will be closed for an\n> extended period (owner going out of town, etc.)\n> * 閉館 → Close (down) a 館\n> * 図書館・美術館など「館」と名のつく施設などが，その日の業務を終えること。 OR\n> * 図書館・映画館などがその業務をやめて施設を閉鎖すること\n> * _(Definitions taken from whatever version of **スーパー大辞林** is built into\n> macOS Sierra)_\n>\n\n* * *\n\nI work at a university, where it is now winter break. The students at the\nuniversity get about 4 weeks off of class between semesters. The staff gets\nabout a week and half off, during which the university actually shuts down\n(conducts no business). How would I represent each of these points-of-view\n(students vs. staff)?\n\n * My gut tells me they would both be 休学 or 休校, but for different reasoning for students vs. staff.\n * Or would the students use 休学・休校 since they are just \"resting\" from class in 冬休み, but the staff uses 閉学・閉校 since business is ceasing?\n * Or something else...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T18:24:29.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41845",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-13T04:15:50.317",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-13T04:15:50.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"synonyms",
"kanji-choice",
"prefixes"
],
"title": "Closed: [休]{きゅう}〜 vs. [閉]{へい}〜",
"view_count": 384
} | [
{
"body": "Most commonly used. temporary closure vs completely close \n閉店 It never open again. \n休業 Take a break for a while.May be tomorrow or next month will open again \n\n休学 is mean of ”Temporary absence from school”. i.e He has been absent from\nschool for six months because of illness \n休校 is \"close (a) school\" i.e There are no classes today. \n冬休み winter vacation. it's same mean of english. \n \n閉館 It is necessary to read before and after sentences. \n図書館は5時に閉館します。Library closed at 5 p.m. \nあの図書館は数年前に閉館した。That Library was closed several years ago.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T00:53:57.737",
"id": "41874",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-22T00:53:57.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19169",
"parent_id": "41845",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Your observation is mostly correct, as 休 suggests \"off from usual activity\"\nthus expect returning at some point. 閉 means two things: \"closed\" as opposed\nto \"open\", and \"close down (completely)\".\n\nFor stores and libraries that have regular business hours, `閉X` could mean\neither \"end of a day; outside hours\" or \"close down to cease to exist\", but I\nbelieve universities don't have clear open-close cycle, so 閉学 or 閉校 will\nexclusively mean the latter.\n\nMoreover, there are special terms:\n\n * 休学: student takes leave of absence granted by the school\n * 休校: provisional shutdown on special occurrences e.g. disasters (臨時休業)\n * (cf. 停学: suspension from school as a penalty)\n\nAs for regular vacations, we only use 休業, 休暇 or 休み that indicate \"day off\", as\n夏季休業, 夏季休暇 or 夏休み. The organization tend to use 休業, and the staff 休暇 or 休み.\nThere's no distinction between students, faculty and staff as far as I know...\nmy college use 窓口休止 for being out of administrative service as opposed to\neducational semester.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T04:22:19.947",
"id": "41877",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-22T04:22:19.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "41845",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41845 | null | 41877 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's from one of the Gaki no Tsukai Batsu Game shows:\n\n> 被ったらあかん **とか** 知らなかった\n\nI think I have a general idea of what it does. I think it's similar to \"のか\"\nin:\n\n> 彼らは何を言ってる **のか** わかりません\n\nThese particles seem to be separating the sentences into 2 distinct parts, or\ndefining one part so you can then make a comment on it.\n\nIn any case, I'm not sure what this aspect of grammar is called, and don't\nknow the difference between の, か, のか, こと, and とか when they are used in this\nway. Any help would be much appreciated, thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T18:29:50.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41847",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T19:53:20.250",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-20T19:53:20.250",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What does とか mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 683
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, とか is interchangeable with\n[なんて](http://maggiesensei.com/2013/09/02/how-to-\nuse-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A6nante/), a particle used to emphasize the\nnegative feeling against the marked word. This とか implies the speaker doesn't\nlike the rule (=\"被ったらあかん\") or thinks the rule is not important. If the speaker\nthought the rule is important, he would usually say something like 被ったらあかん\n**とは** 知らんかった.\n\nThis type of とか doesn't always have to be translated, but you may use \"such a\n～,\" \"things like ～,\" or even \"damned,\" depending on the context.\n\nAnother function of とか is to avoid assertive statements by implying other\npossible options (\"maybe ～\", \"～ or something like that\"). It's not the case\nwith this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T19:51:59.000",
"id": "41850",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-20T19:51:59.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "41847",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 41847 | null | 41850 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41860",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I would like to say\n\n> Please feel free to contact me.\n\nI know it is probably\n\n> **気軽に** 連絡してください。\n\nBut will it be wrong to use 気楽に in this case?\n\n> **気楽に** 連絡してください。\n\nWhat is the difference in nuance between 気軽 and 気楽?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-20T23:17:40.020",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 気軽 and 気楽",
"view_count": 639
} | [
{
"body": "It's not really appropriate to use 気楽 here. It implies one is unguarded and\nsounds not necessarily constructive or positive unless it refers to kinds of\nleisure.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T05:33:15.823",
"id": "41854",
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"body": "> 「気軽{きがる}に連絡{れんらく}してください。」\n\nis just a natural, everyday phrase that \"everyone\" uses very often. I do not\nthink anyone would argue about that.\n\nToday, when I saw the following sentence in your question,\n\n> 「気楽{きらく}に連絡してください。」\n\nI had to stop and think about it, which is more often than not a bad sign.\nWould I ever say it? No, I would not;That I know for sure. Would anyone I\npersonally know say it? No, I do not think so and that is why I had to stop\nand really think. So, would **_anyone_** ever say it? I suppose, yes, (even\nthough I know I will not follow suit.)\n\nWhile I might not call the second sentence using 「気楽」 \"incorrect\", I will at\nleast call it \"pretty strange\".\n\n> 「 **気軽** に + Verb describing a **specific action** 」\n\nis a common and valid usage expressing the idea of **_performing a specific\naction without hesitation, formality, pressure, etc_**. 「連絡する (to contact a\nperson)」 is a specific action requiring making a phone call, writing an e-mail\nor letter, etc.\n\n**Many of us would, however, not often express these ideas using 「気楽に」. When\nwe use 「気楽に」, we usually refer to \"spending time or living with a relaxed\nstate of mind, easy manners\", etc. These are not specific actions.**\n\n\"Make yourself at home.\", \"Take it easy.\", \"Sit back and relax.\", etc. are the\nideas behind the expressions such as 「気楽にする」、「気楽に過{す}ごす」、「気楽に生{い}きる」, etc.\nAgain, these are different from performing specific actions.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T09:54:45.763",
"id": "41860",
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{
"body": "気軽's translations: freely, readily, cheerfully.\n\n気楽's translation: comfortably.\n\n* * *\n\n> 「気軽」は、ある行動をするときに、負担や障害が少ないということです。常に行動を伴います。\n\n気軽 is when doing something, the burden is low. Always involving acts.\n\n> 「気楽」は気分が楽な状態です。つまり、心配や心の負担がない状態です。行動を伴う必要はありません。\n\n気楽 is when feeling good. Anyway, thn mental burden is low. It does not need\ninvolving acts.\n\nRelated: <https://hinative.com/ja/questions/593447>",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T11:14:33.687",
"id": "41863",
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| 41851 | 41860 | 41860 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41862",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have to ask, when you kick a Japanese boy in the nuts or whatever, ignoring\nthe obvious sounds a human makes when entering into such a state, what bits of\nlanguage will they impulsively shout in their anger.\n\nI ask this as in English we have a beautiful array of anglo saxon gems to\nchoose from, but in Japanese what is the equivalent?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-21T05:35:17.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41855",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"culture"
],
"title": "When angry we shout \"F***!\", but what do 日本人 shout?",
"view_count": 2562
} | [
{
"body": "The best equivalent to F*** would probably be \"kuso\".(which means s***). \nBut if you kick someone down there they probably will say \"konoyaro\" or\n\"onore\" to you.(which can be interpreted as \"you son of a *****\").",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T05:40:03.583",
"id": "41856",
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"body": "I am too soft-spoken a person to be familiar with cuss words, but here are\nsome examples in no particular order.\n\n * 「畜生{ちくしょう}」\n * 「くそっ」\n * 「くそったれ」\n * 「てめえ」\n * 「てめえ、この野郎{やろう}」\n * 「この野郎」\n * 「くそ野郎」\n * 「ボケ」\n * 「死{し}ね」\n * 「死{し}にやがれ」\n * 「くたばれ」\n * 「このくそガキ」\n * 「くそ食{く}らえ」\n * 「ざけんな」\n * 「ざけんな、ボケっ」\n * 「ざけんじゃねえ」\n * etc.\n\nAround Nagoya, we have 「たあけ」, which comes from the old, elegant word 「戯{たわ}け」.\n\nStop me now or I'll be typing words/phrases I shouldn't be in public.\n\nNote: 「ざけんな」 is the slangy pronunciation of 「ふざけるな」.",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 41855 | 41862 | 41862 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41864",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is the the full sentence below: \n \n\n> A: メールで経歴などはお知らせいただきましたが、今日はさくひんはお持ちですか。 \n> \n> B: はい、もってまいりました。ご覧いただけますでしょうか。 \n> まだ勉強不足ですが、 **専門家でいらっしゃる先生** にいろいろアドバイスいただければと思っております。\n\nThe book I was reading was teaching that the でいらっしゃる is acting like ている in a\nrespectful form。But I never heard that we can use N＋でいる+ N before...\n\nIs 専門家でいる先生 equals to 専門家の先生 or 専門家先生？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-21T10:43:53.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41861",
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"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Help understanding N＋でいる+ N",
"view_count": 2156
} | [
{
"body": "I do not know why the \"books\" Japanese-learners use often give you incorrect\ninformation.\n\nWe do **_not_** say 「専門家{せんもんか}で **いる** 先生{せんせい}」; We say 「専門家で **ある** 先生」.\n\nThe honorific form of that is 「専門家で **あられる** 先生」. So, in meaning,\n\n> 「専門家でいらっしゃる先生」＝「専門家であられる先生」＝「専門家である先生」\n\nIn these phrases, 「先生」 means \"you\", the listener.\n\n> \" ** _You, the specialist_** \"\n\n「専門家 **の** 先生」 is fine, but 「専門家先生」 is not. That 「の」, needless to say, is\n**_appositive_**. The appositive 「の」 has been explained numerous times on SE.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-21T11:20:28.227",
"id": "41864",
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| 41861 | 41864 | 41864 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know the meaning of [そう, ああ, うん, いいよ] but I don't really know about the\ndifferent usages of the interjection [そう, ああ, うん, いいよ], what are the nuances\nbetween those words?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T13:20:44.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41865",
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"owner_user_id": "19161",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"interjections"
],
"title": "what's the different of usages of [そう, ああ, うん, いいよ]?",
"view_count": 3699
} | [
{
"body": "> そう\n\nThis is an abbreviation of そうか, そうですか or そうなんだ, whose meaning is \"Is that so\"\nor \"I see\".\n\nSo そう is a common reply when you heard something new.\n\nBe careful that sometimes it sounds like the speaker is not interested in what\nhe/she heard, because そう does not include any emotion or opinion of the\nspeaker.\n\n> ああ\n\nThere are a few usages of ああ:\n\n 1. To express admiration, but not when excited. This is similar to English \"oh,\" I think.\n\n 2. To agree or to answer affirmatively. In this case saying ああ means \"Yes\" or \"I agree.\"\n\n 3. To say \"I see.\" This is similar to そう but it is often used when you are reminded something you already know.\n\n> うん\n\nうん is a common (colloquial and informal) word to mean \"yes\".\n\nAnother usage of うん is as the simplest [相槌]{あいづち} (I'm not sure how to say in\nEnglish) without any additional nuances. So it may also mean \"I see\" etc.\n\n> いいよ\n\nThe literal meaning of いいよ is \"It's OK.\" Its nuance is similar to \"no\nproblem.\"\n\nThe two major usages are:\n\n 1. When someone asks you a favor and you are accepting, you can say いいよ (or more formally, いいですよ or 構いませんよ).\n\n 2. You can say いいよ to permit doing something or to forgive someone.",
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| 41865 | null | 41870 |
{
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"body": "I am just a begginer. I finished learning Hiragana . Now , I am learning\nKatakana . I realized that they are same. So that made me worry a little . How\ndo I decide which one to choose ? Are there any words that you cant use\nkatakana instead of hiragana or hiragana instead of katakana letters in them ?\nAlso, If write it like that will Japanese people can understand what I meant ?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T17:44:34.447",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "What is the diffrence between hiragana and katakana?",
"view_count": 712
} | [
{
"body": "Words of non-Chinese foreign origin are generally written in katakana, for one\nthing. Besides that, there a few Japanese words it's quite common to write in\nkatakana, such as オシャレ and ダメ. In some works of fiction, a character's\ndialogue may be written in katakana to project a 'robotic' or 'otherworldly'\ntone.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T17:54:20.750",
"id": "41868",
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{
"body": "Hiragana is used for spelling out Japanese words, and katakana is for words\nthat were adopted from other languages.\n\nWhile you could write everything with just hiragana and katakana, using kanji\nmakes your text less vague, as with phonetic spelling, your text could be\npotentially interpreted in many different ways.",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T17:56:56.177",
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| 41867 | null | 41868 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41873",
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"body": "I am trying to write a short message to a japanese acquaintance and am\nplanning to use this sentence:\n\n> 今日はとても暑くて、雪がそろそろ溶けている。\n\nI know that, in this context, I should use the polite form 「溶けています」. However,\nfor some reason, I feel like I can use the dictionary form since neither me\nnor the addressee is involved in the sentence. To be more precise, if I use\n「溶けています」, because of the particle が, I feel like it's the _snow_ that is being\npolite.\n\nMore generally, is the polite form a \"tonality\" of language used\nsystematically in such a context, or is it a way to mark respect and\nhumbleness in an interaction?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"owner_user_id": "18641",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"politeness",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Using polite form for neutral subjects",
"view_count": 291
} | [
{
"body": "> is it a way to mark respect and humbleness in an interaction ?\n\nYes. It is an indication of the relationship between the interacting people.\n\n> I feel like it's the snow that is being polite\n\nThis is not the case.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-21T22:06:55.947",
"id": "41872",
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"body": "The polite form (丁寧語 _teineigo_ ), also frequently referred to as です・ます調, is\nused for making everyday speech more polite _across the board_.\n\nHonorific language (尊敬語) and humble language (謙譲語), also frequently jointly\nreferred to as 敬語 _keigo_ , are used to elevate someone else or humble\nyourself, respectively. (Honorific and humble language are usually used in the\nsame register, i.e. think of them as one \"set\".)\n\nUsually _keigo_ is used in combination with (\"on top of\") _teineigo_ , but it\nis possible to use one without the other.\n\nWhen learning about Japanese \"polite\" language, _keigo_ and _teineigo_ are\noften jumbled together, but it might be useful to consider them independent.\n\nTo answer your question, it would be unusual to use honorific or humble\nlanguage when talking about snow, but it is very appropriate to use polite\nlanguage, so\n\n> 雪が溶けています\n\nis perfectly natural (and you might want to write the whole letter in\n_teineigo_ ).\n\n* * *\n\nAs @l'électeur notes, the sentence on the whole is not 100% natural. I'm not\nquite sure what exactly you want to say, but here are two possible scenarios:\n\n> _beginning of winter_ \n> Today it is exceptionally warm and the snow is slowly melting. \n> 今日は非常に暖かくて、雪が徐々に溶けています。\n>\n> _end of winter_ \n> Today it is already quite warm and the snow is slowly starting to melt. \n> 今日はとても暑くて、雪が解け始めました。 \n> ＝ …、雪がそろそろ解ける季節に入りました。",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 41871 | 41873 | 41873 |
{
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"body": "静か **な** 人\n\n人 **な** 静か\n\nWhich comes first the subject and then the adjective, or the adjective then\nthe subject?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T02:45:18.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41875",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T02:04:43.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18873",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"nouns",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "Position of な in this sentence",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "**静か** is a **な** adjective, where as **人** is the noun. When you use **な**\nadjective before a noun, the **な** will be attached with the adjective, not\nwith the noun.\n\nSo, **静かな人** is correct, **人な静か** wrong.\n\nLet's take another example, **[好き]{すき}→Like**\n\nEx:1\n\n> [私]{わたし}の[好き]{すき}な[花]{はな}はばらです。 \n> →My favorite flower is rose.\n\nEx:2\n\n> [私]{わたし}はばらが[好き]{すき}です。 \n> →I like rose.\n\nThough you are expressing the same feeling with the above two example, but the\nuse of **な** adjective is different. When **な** adjective is used in the end\nof a sentence, **な** is simply omitted.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-26T01:50:19.727",
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| 41875 | null | 41980 |
{
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"body": "For example:\n\n\"昼ごはんは作ってある\" and \"昼ごはんは作られた\". Don't both mean the lunch has been made?\n\nAs a second question, what would be the difference between 昼ごはんは作ってある and\n昼ごはんは作ってあった?\n\nMuch appreciated",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-22T02:52:55.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41876",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between てある and the passive (ら)れる?",
"view_count": 576
} | [
{
"body": "> \"昼ごはんは作ってある\" and \"昼ごはんは作られた\". Don't both mean the lunch has been made?\n\nYes. They both mean the lunch has been made but we would never say\n\"昼ごはんは作られた\".\n\n\"昼ごはんは作ってある\" means \"There has been a lunch\". \"昼ごはんは作ってあった\" means \"There had\nbeen a lunch\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T01:28:59.463",
"id": "41907",
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{
"body": "> Don't both mean the lunch has been made?\n\n_Yes_. 昼ごはんは作ってある means \"I made a lunch\". 昼ごはんは作られた means \"a lunch is made\",\nbut 昼ごはんは作られた is bit odd…",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-26T12:17:30.953",
"id": "41990",
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{
"body": "昼ごはんは作ってある => The lunch has been made.\n\n昼ごはんは作られた => The lunch was made.\n\n昼ごはんは作ってあった? => The lunch had been made.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T10:14:04.773",
"id": "42029",
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| 41876 | null | 42029 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a bit confused about parts of a text my host mother sent me, and haven't\nanswered yet because I want to understand what she means completely...\n\n> 楽しんでたよ。公園でやったから、休を働かすゲームもあったしね！\n\nI understand what 楽しい is, and that it can mean \"have fun\" as 楽しんで, but don't\nthink 楽しんでたよ means the same thing. I know that よ is kind of like \", okay?\" but\nthe た threw me off. I wasn't sure about the 休 standing by itself...it seems\nlike it might be a typo. It's hard to tell, since I'm never sure if it's a\ntypo of just something I don't understand. I looked up the 働かす part and\nfigured she meant that she was able to keep the kids busy with with the park\nand the games.\n\nI know that ゲームもあった means she had games as well, and I know that ね is an\nending particle similar to \"right?\" but the し in front of it confused me a\nlot.\n\nI'm mostly confused about the んでた in the beginning and the あったしね at the\nend...particularly the しね part, since I understand the あった.\n\nThanks for your help!!",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T06:11:06.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41878",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-し"
],
"title": "Help with text to Host mom!",
"view_count": 562
} | [
{
"body": "> 楽しんでたよ。\n\nmeans 楽しんで **い** たよ。 \"They were having fun.\" \n楽しんで is the te-form of the verb 楽しむ \"to enjoy\" (or, 楽しん is a conjugated form\nof the verb 楽しむ and the て is a conjunctive particle/接続助詞). \nThe い in ～ている/～でいる often gets dropped in casual speech. \nThe よ at the end is a sentence-final particle (終助詞) that you often use when\ninforming someone of something new.\n\n> 公園でやったから、休を働かすゲームもあったしね！\n\nI think 休を[働]{はたら}かす is a typo for [体]{からだ}を[動]{うご}かす, meaning \"to move one's\nbody\" \"to get physical activity\" \"to get exercise.\" \nThe し is a 接続助詞/conjunctive particle. It has several usages, such as adding\ninformation, listing multiple things, giving a reason, etc. Here it means\n\"because,\" indicating a reason for 楽しんでいたよ. (The から indicates that 公園でやった was\nthe reason for 体を動かすゲームもあった.) \nLiterally... \"Because there were also games in which they had to move their\nbodies, because they/we did it in the park.\" \nThe ね at the end is a sentence-final particle often used when asking for\nagreement, adding a nuance of \"you know,\" and/or making the sentence sound\nsofter.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-22T09:55:10.177",
"id": "41881",
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]
| 41878 | null | 41881 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41880",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The Japan Times has released the list of [Japan’s top buzzword\ncandidates](http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/11/17/national/japans-top-\nbuzzword-candidates-for-2016-range-from-pikotaro-to-the-trump-phenomenon/) in\n2016.\n\nAmong the candidates was phrase 「びっくりぽん」(I'm surprised). Now I am familiar\nwith びっくりする, but I can't make sense of the ぽん part. I could blame it on Kyary\nPamyu Pamyu and her ponponpon song (which I also can't make sense of at this\npoint), but I'm just baffled. Where did ぽん come from, what does it mean, and\nhow can I make it work for me?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T07:52:21.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41879",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-23T20:26:11.787",
"last_editor_user_id": "3295",
"owner_user_id": "11369",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Buzzwords 2016: びっくりぽん",
"view_count": 132
} | [
{
"body": "It means nothing more than 「びっくりした」 or just 「びっくり」.\n\n「びっくりぽん」 is a phrase used often by the main character あさ for あさが来た, an NHK\nmorning drama. This program has been in existence for decades now and it is\nextremely influential in the Japanese show biz. The main character is always a\ngirl/woman and the actress who is selected to play it often becomes successful\nlater on.\n\nAnyone who is studying Japanese would know how much we love using\nonomatopoeias. In this case, a fairly random 「ポン」 is just attached to the\nexisting phrase 「びっくり」. To me, 「びっくりぽん」 sounds quite lively, light-hearted,\nfull of pep, etc. It sounds very catchy indeed.\n\nI have expalined this at least twice before without much success, but the word\n「びっくり」 itself is highly onomatopoeic to begin with. You will keep encountering\n\"four-letter words\" in the form of 「 **〇っ〇〇** 」 (second letter is the small\nっ). Most of these words are adverbs and many are onomatopoeic as well. So,\n「びっくりぽん」, to me, is double-onomatopoeic and that means it could be expected to\nbecome popular in this nation of 130-million onomatopoeia lovers. It's like a\ndouble cheeseburger for Americans!\n\nIn the following video, none other than actress 波瑠{はる} herself (yes, she has a\nshort name), who played あさ talks about the phrase in question in a talk show.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rr1_3c2L7tg>\n\nAround 0:15, catch her say 「どこから来{き}たんでしょうね？」(\"I wonder where it (the phrase)\ncomes from.\") If 波瑠 doesn't know, there is no way you or I could know.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T08:47:08.750",
"id": "41880",
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},
{
"body": "`ぽん` is just a [verbal\ntic](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/VerbalTic) (warning, TVTropes\nlink), it does not have any semantic meaning of its own. I don't know if it\never happens in real life, but in anime and manga the characters using weird\nsentence ending are very common, the most famous example probably being\nNaruto's `だってばよ！` (\"believe it!\" in English version).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T20:03:49.993",
"id": "41929",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T20:03:49.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "41879",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 41879 | 41880 | 41880 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41887",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am reading Yotsubato! ([Link](http://raw.senmanga.com/Yotsubato!/82/3))\nmanga (Ch.82, Pg.3) in Japanese. I came across this sentence:\n\n> このフタは緊張感{きんちょうかん}がある。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/B7SxF.png)\n\nSo far I have searched and the only meaning I came across is tension,\nnervousness etc., What I think is, the character looks at the plate (lid) in\nfront of him and says that he is nervous because the plate doesn't have flat\nsurface and it wobbles. But when I try to translate it into English,\n\n> このフタは (as for this lid) 緊張感{きんちょうかん} (nervousness) がある (exists)\n\nExcuse my translating if it's not correct (I'm a beginner) but what I\nunderstood is, he is somehow feeling nervous about this plate or the plate is\nmaking him tense. What confuses me is the last part [がある].\n\nIf I am correct so far, this would mean something like, as for this lid,\nnervousness exists ? This is confusing me. Is this natural way of saying that\nsomething makes you feel nervous ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T11:42:13.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41883",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-22T13:19:53.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"manga",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does 緊張感{きんちょうかん} in this sentence mean?",
"view_count": 276
} | [
{
"body": "My PC warns me against going to that link, so I might not be answering with\nenough context, but I see nothing strange or unusual with the expression\n「～～がある」 here.\n\nI think Japanese-learners have a tendency to translate 「～～がある」 only into \" **\n_~~ exists_** \" and \" ** _there is ~~_** \".\n\nI would like to suggest that you try using \" ** _(something/someone) gives off\nan air of ~~_** \". It should work neatly for the sentence in question.\n\n> \"This lid gives off an air of tension.\"\n\nA freer (and possibly more natural) TL would be:\n\n> \"I feel an air of tension from this lid.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T12:58:35.043",
"id": "41886",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Yes, it's obvious from the context that the sentence basically means \"using\nthis lid (as a plate) requires me to tense\" because it wobbles.\n\n緊張感がある (or, more commonly, 緊張感が漂う) may be used with something like 教室 or\n2人の関係, but usually not with a フタ. The sentence is definitely said in a\ncomical, playful way. The \"serious\" version would be something like\nこのフタを使うには緊張感が要る, but it would be less funny. Don't try to analyze this\nsentence too seriously.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T13:04:45.460",
"id": "41887",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 41883 | 41887 | 41887 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42866",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "So, I found a band called 凛{りん}として時雨{しぐれ}, and I would translate that name\nlike \"cold as the seasonal rain\", but I don't know if that would be to much of\na literal translation or if it has another meaning that I'm ignoring.\n\nI would appreciate the help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T11:42:43.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41884",
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"owner_user_id": "19174",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"music"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 凛として時雨?",
"view_count": 1347
} | [
{
"body": "It doesn't make sense as a phrase but 凛として translates to \"in a cool manner\"\nand 時雨 means what it is, respectively.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-25T04:35:07.830",
"id": "41964",
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{
"body": "It makes little sense by itself. This phrasing (ab)uses artistic license to a\ngreat degree, so I doubt I can bring up a nearly literal translation that\nconveys the nuance.\n\nGrammatically explained, the first part 凛として is \"being dignified/frigid\" (凛 is\nliterally like \"cold and contracted\", and figuratively refers to\n\"unapproachable stylishness\"), an adverbial or continuative phrase, that\nrequires another predicate either way. The second part 時雨 is \"drizzle or\nshower in late autumn\", a noun, obviously not a predicate. That's why this\nphrase is ungrammatical.\n\nHowever, there is a poetic technique often employed in haiku, that cuts off\nthe main predicate and places a noun phrase right beside it.\n\n> 湖や **渺々として鳰一つ** （正岡子規） \n> lit. _the lake, being so vast and boundless, and one grebe_\n>\n> 生も死も **累々として寒卵** （岩岡中正） \n> lit. _With both the life and the death laid in heaps, the winter eggs_\n\nIn these haiku, what the last nouns have to do with the rest is grammatically\nunspecified, because what should conclude the sentence is omitted. The\ncomposition is merely a device to achieve rhetorical effect of superimposing a\nscene to another, so the completeness of sentence is out of scope. The name\n凛として時雨 is probably devised with those things in mind (時雨 is a traditional\nseasonal keyword 季語 in haiku, too).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-25T10:44:04.923",
"id": "42866",
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},
{
"body": "「凛」 is another word for ‘cold’ in japanese. 「として」 being a way of binding\nsentences and compare: «X as Y»\n\n時雨 is a combination of the kanji for time 「時」and rain 「雨」 I’m not sure what\nword these two kanji’s together make, but I’ve looked it up and it translates\ninto drizzle or shower in late autumn/early winter.\n\nDrizzle, being light rain in small drops - seems like it could make sense, but\nstill, I’m not sure how the combination of time and rain can make drizzle.\n\nIn other words: shower (as in rain shower) in late autumn/early winter -\nsounds more accurate. We know it’s towards cold times and it makes sense that\nthe word cold is used for comparison.\n\nWe know that many things in japanese, can’t be translated into an english\nword. Another example of this is 「口寂しい」(kuchisabishii) which directly\ntranslates into «mouth lonely» and it’s used as an expression for when you\neat, because your mouth is lonely. In japanese it’s a word, but in english it\nturns into a sentence.\n\n「時雨」is the same, and can’t be translated into a direct word in english, and\ntherefore becomes a sentence. I guess the kanji combinations doesn’t always\nmake sense for us who aren’t japanese, but still - time and rain can clearly\ngive a hint that it’s about rain at a spesific time.\n\nThe translation of 「凛として時雨」might be «cold as the shower in late autumn». Or\nmore gramatically correct; «cold as the late autumn rain».\n\nHope it helps!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T15:22:17.247",
"id": "82340",
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}
]
| 41884 | 42866 | 42866 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41889",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I tried (at least) to construct a sentence. However, when I showed it to a\nnative-speaker and asked if it was correct they did not understand. But I\ncan't see what is wrong with it...\n\n> 昨日時半間で昼寝しました。\n\nWhat I tried to say:\n\n> Yesterday I took a nap for an half hour.\n\nIs this sentence incomprehensible?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T13:21:37.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41888",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-22T15:45:03.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "19175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Help with constructing \"yesterday I took a nap for a half hour\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 285
} | [
{
"body": "> 「昨日{きのう} **時半間で** 昼寝{ひるね}しました。」\n\nBy 「時半間」, you probably meant to say 「半時間{はんじかん}」 for \"half an hour\", but still\nwe do not say 「半時間」 in Standard Japanese. We say 「30分{ぷん}」.\n\nI have heard that they say 「半時間」 to mean \"half an hour\" in Kansai (around\nOsaka, that is), but I am not sure if it is true. Hope someone can confirm\nthis.\n\nAlso important is that you do **_not_** need to place a particle after 「30分」.\nIt is not even optional; You cannot use a particle there.\n\nSo, you will have:\n\n> 「昨日、30分昼寝（を）しました。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T14:44:15.580",
"id": "41889",
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}
]
| 41888 | 41889 | 41889 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41909",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "以下の節に出くわして、気になりましたが：\n\n> アパッチ族のあるものは夜中に何を **たくらんでか** 詰所の近くへ這いよって電話線を切ったり…\n\n[日本三文オペラ ２４６頁](http://www.shinchosha.co.jp/book/112802/)（開高健著）\n\n学んだ文法によると、質問あるいは疑問を別の句に使うにはまず、その質問の動詞を辞書形に活用しますが、この節はそれを完全に無視しています。\n\n普通に通じるようで特に困ったことはありませんが、どういうことか少し聞かせていただければ、と思いまして。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T18:52:39.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41890",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T03:10:40.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3131",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "動詞＋てか a subtle grammatical nuance or an error?",
"view_count": 425
} | [
{
"body": "「たくらんでか」は「たくらんで\"なの\"か」と言うこともできます。\n\n「たくらんでか」は話し言葉として使います。この文章の著者は話し言葉を意識して書いたと思います。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T00:46:19.113",
"id": "41905",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T00:46:19.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "まず、「アパッチ族のあるものは…這い寄った」に理由を表す「◯◯をたくらんで」をつけると「アパッチ族のあるものは、◯◯をたくらんで…這い寄った」と例文のとおりになります。\n\nここで、「◯◯をたくらんで」を主節にして文を変形すると「アパッチ族のあるものが…這い寄ったのは、◯◯を たくらんで だ。」となります。\n\nこの文を疑問文にすると「…あるものが…這い寄ったのは、何を企んで ~~だ~~ か？」と「だ」が消えます。\n\nこれを従属節にもどすと「…あるものは、何を企んでか、…這い寄った」となります。\n\n因みに従属節の場合は「だ」を残して「…あるもの…は、何を企んでだか、…這い寄った」ということもできます。\n\n言語は例外が多いので文法の説明はどうしても不正確になることが避けられません。「習ったこと」とちがうと思ったら、たいてい「習ったこと」のほうが間違ってます。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T03:02:21.520",
"id": "41909",
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "41890",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41890 | 41909 | 41909 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41911",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "_I just started learning japanese a few months ago, and my japanese is a\nlittle basic, I can't understand some kanjis yet... Hope someone can help\nme... thanks!_\n\nI was reading a manga, and while I was reading, a boy confessed his feelings\nto a girl, he said he liked her. But in the end, the girl is thinking:\n\n> 振り回してやしないかと思ってたが。。。 振り回されてるのはこっちの方だった\n\nAnd finally, the story ends there. I really couldn't understand what's the\nmeaning of the sentence because I am struggling with the verb 振り回す.\n\nI searched and saw that 振り回して is a form of 振り回す. But, I read many meanings of\nthe verb (like \"manipulate\", \"abuse\", or \"worry\"...) and I don't know which\none of them is the correct one here.\n\nThanks for any help!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T19:07:57.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41891",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T07:46:17.807",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-22T22:10:56.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "7494",
"owner_user_id": "16138",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does 振り回して mean in this context?",
"view_count": 399
} | [
{
"body": "It means to involve someone into one's arbitrariness.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T03:38:21.653",
"id": "41911",
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "振り回される means **to get pushed around** , to be swung. Swing is 振り回される too in\nEnglish, but if human swing human, it's strange. So the speaker get pushed\naround.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T07:46:17.807",
"id": "41915",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T07:46:17.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "41891",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 41891 | 41911 | 41911 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41897",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "小説を読んでいる途中、この意味不明な言葉が現れました：\n\n> がらんとした部屋のまんなかには針の狂った **カンカン**\n> が置かれ、床や壁は昼となく夜となくかつぎこまれるスクラップのためにまるでヤスリをかけたように毛ばったり…\n\n次の段落にも：\n\n> 刑事部長はそのカンカンの前に机を置き…\n\n[日本三文オペラ ３１４頁](http://www.shinchosha.co.jp/book/112802/)（開高健著）\n\nこの「カンカン」を様々な辞書を引いてさがしてみたのですが、一般の辞書から、[zokugo-dict](http://search.zokugo-\ndict.com/search.cgi?charset=utf8&q=%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3&s=%E8%BE%9E%E6%9B%B8%E5%86%85%E6%A4%9C%E7%B4%A2)からも、該当するものはありません。\n\n小説のコンテクストから推測すれば、重量機を指している可能性がありますが、いかがですか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T19:23:31.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41892",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-02T00:34:31.040",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-02T00:34:31.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "3131",
"owner_user_id": "3131",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "「カンカン」という俗語あるいは方言",
"view_count": 618
} | [
{
"body": "推測は当たっていますね。\n\n[このページ](http://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/hirotkmt/diary/200912240000/)によると質量計は昔「貫貫{かんかん}」と呼ばれたそうです。\n\nまた、その他に看貫秤{かんかんばかり}というのもあります。\nこれは台貫{だいかん}の別の呼び方です。以下[ウィキペディア](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E8%B2%AB)からの抜粋です。\n\n>\n> 俗に「カンカン」と呼ばれ、これは重さを量ることあるいはそのために使用する台秤を意味する「看貫（かんかん）」という言葉に由来する。但し巷間では音韻から上記のゴング打鳴音（「カン！カン！」）を連想する人が多く、「（カンカンという）音が鳴るから、カンカンと呼ばれる」という説明も一般的に流布している。\n\nまあ文章から察するとそんな大きいものではないので前者の貫貫の意味だと思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T19:58:06.447",
"id": "41897",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-22T19:58:06.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9508",
"parent_id": "41892",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 41892 | 41897 | 41897 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41900",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> フクスケが部屋をでしなにふりかえると、部長はかるく額に手を当てて眠りはじめた様子であった。\n\n[日本三文オペラ ３１６頁](http://www.shinchosha.co.jp/book/112802/)（開高健著）\n\nこの小説に「でしなに」という表現が二、三度も出ますが、辞書を引いても出ててきません。\n\n「出た途端」、あるいは「出て行く最中」などと推しますが、正確にどういう意味ですか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T19:34:44.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41893",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-22T21:28:26.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3131",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "「でしなに」とは、どういうこと？",
"view_count": 920
} | [
{
"body": "辞書には「[出しな](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/151450/meaning/m0u/)」という形で載っています。「出かけようとする時。出ぎわ。出がけ」という意味です。\n\n「でしなに」を分解すると、\n\n> 「で」＋「しな」＋「に」\n\nとなります。「で」は、動詞の「出る」。「しな」は、[接尾語の「しな」](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/99279/meaning/m0u/)。「に」は助詞です。\n\nご参考までにですが、似たような用法の語では「[来しな](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/51728/meaning/m0u/)」も辞書で確認できます。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T21:28:26.353",
"id": "41900",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-22T21:28:26.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
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}
]
| 41893 | 41900 | 41900 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "で is a hard particle for me because I see a strange use of it that I don't\nunderstand.\n\nFor example, I bump up in this sentence\n\n> 他言無用{たごんむよう} **で** お願いします\n\nI know that で is used to indicate an action that occurred inside a place (\n_dance inside the house_ ), or used to clarify by what means the action has\nbeen done ( _went by bus_ ). But this is not one of these usages.\n\nWhat does で mean here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T19:41:38.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41894",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T07:02:55.257",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-22T19:50:29.977",
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"owner_user_id": "11679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "で role in 他言無用でお願いします",
"view_count": 113
} | [
{
"body": "> 「他言無用 {たごんむよう} **で** お願{ねが}いします。」 (\"Please keep this a secret.\")\n\nThe 「で」 here indicates the circumstances/conditions under which one performs\nan action.\n\nThe conditions requested by the speaker here are 「他言無用」 (\"mum's the word\").\n\nThe action is 「お願いします」, which is difficult to translate. It is like \"please\nact ~~\", \"please do ~~\", \" **please handle the matter** \", etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T07:02:55.257",
"id": "41912",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T07:02:55.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
}
]
| 41894 | null | 41912 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41898",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been trying to translate the following sentence:\n\n> 外傷 は 無かった けど、どこ か 具合 が 悪い ところ が あったり する？\n\nThe part I think I have a problem with is:\n\n> 具合 が 悪い ところ が \n> guai ga warui tokoro ga\n\nI believe I picked up the \"somewhere\"/\"anywhere\" and the _-tari suru_ form of\nthe verb _au_ correctly. However, I can't put it together with the two がs and\nthe ところ after an adjective to make sense of the whole sentence.\n\nDoes the ところ serves here purely as a noun? The rules I found for it are always\nwith Verbs.\n\nWhich が indicates the subject of the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T19:48:57.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41895",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-22T22:26:45.523",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-22T22:26:45.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "19182",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"particles"
],
"title": "Adjective + Tokoro Ga",
"view_count": 1506
} | [
{
"body": "In this case ところ is being used literally (\"place\"), rather than in order to\nnominalize the preceding clause. So \"具合が悪い\" is actually modifying ところ, making\nthe sentence mean something along the lines of \"There aren't any external\nwounds, but does anywhere (どこか+ところがあったりする) feel bad/off (具合が悪い)?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T20:08:07.903",
"id": "41898",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-22T20:08:07.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18701",
"parent_id": "41895",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41895 | 41898 | 41898 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41903",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "ネット辞書には出てきませんが、こんなところに読んだ言葉です：\n\n> 掘建小屋は手作りで、屋根に穴だらけの波型トタンと沢庵石をのせたものである。\n\n[日本三文オペラ １７４頁](http://www.shinchosha.co.jp/book/112802/)（開高健著）\n\n検索すれば、一応[写真のタグ](https://pixta.jp/tags/%E6%B2%A2%E5%BA%B5%E7%9F%B3)として使われているらしい。ですが、写真のどちらへんに含まれているか、よくわかりません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T19:57:41.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41896",
"last_activity_date": "2023-01-06T17:34:50.447",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-22T21:26:03.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "3131",
"owner_user_id": "3131",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "「沢庵石」とは、いったいなんですか？",
"view_count": 716
} | [
{
"body": "I hope you don' mind an answer in English.\n\nFrom [what I was able to find](http://www.c-z.jp/mimiyori_takuanishi.html),\n`沢庵{たくあん}石｛いし｝`refers to a heavy stone used in some pickle preparations to\npress down the barrel's lid which is apparently named after [Takuan\nSōhō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takuan_S%C5%8Dh%C5%8D):\n\n> **Takuan**\n>\n> Japanese radish preserved in rice bran (crisp, tart, deep yellow in color).\n> The most popular way to prepare daikon radish, legend has it the pickle was\n> named for the resemblance of the heavy stone used in pressing, to the\n> gravestone of pickle inventor and vegetarian Zen Priest Takuan. But it is\n> also said that the name came from \"takuwae-zuke\" = to preserve.\n> [source](http://pickle-girl.blogspot.be/2009/07/pickle-passport-japanese-\n> tsukemono.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T20:46:40.903",
"id": "41899",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-22T20:46:40.903",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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},
{
"body": "「沢庵石{たくあんいし}」＝「漬物石{つけものいし}」\n\n意味は同じですが、日常的には「漬物石」の方がよく使われると思います。漬物を作る時に、樽{たる}の上に置いておく石のことを言います。特別な石ではありません。\n\n\n\n従って、「トタン屋根に沢庵石をのせる」とは、下の写真のように、石の重さで屋根を安定させるということになります。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iC7do.jpg) \n(source:\n[yimg.jp](https://blogs.c.yimg.jp/res/blog-d1-49/sigema57/folder/518139/65/14459665/img_2?1365921721))\n\n注：この写真は、海外のものです。日本のものはネット上で探せませんでした。上のイラストにあるように、もっと丸い形の石を想像していただければと思います。おおよその雰囲気だけは、この写真でも十分に伝わるかと思い載せてみました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T23:39:31.067",
"id": "41903",
"last_activity_date": "2023-01-06T17:34:50.447",
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"parent_id": "41896",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 41896 | 41903 | 41903 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41904",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let's suppose there is a hypothetical tense conversation where one says:\n\n− Maybe you should try to think a little bit (or, \"how about you think a\nlittle\")\n\nAnd the other person replies:\n\n− Well, not as much as you need to\n\nHow's the following:\n\n> − 少し考えてみたらどうですか \n> − 考えてみるのはお前ほどう必要がない",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-22T23:35:26.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41902",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-26T20:26:10.267",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-26T20:26:10.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18920",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Sarcastic dialogue \"Well, not as much as you need to\"",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "Nice try but the last half of 「考えてみるのはお前ほどう必要がない」 makes little sense.\n\nNative speakers might say:\n\n> 「考{かんが}えてみた方{ほう}がいいのはお前{まえ}だろ！」 or\n>\n> 「お前の方こそ、考えてみるべきだ。」\n\nThis would change the meaning a little bit, but a _**very**_ common reply in\nthis kind of situation is:\n\n> 「お前に言｛い｝われたくない（よ）！」 or\n>\n> 「お前にだけは言われたくない（よ）！」\n\nI could make these more \"street\" and slangy if I wanted but since it's\nChristmas time, I will refrain from doing it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T00:05:43.350",
"id": "41904",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T00:05:43.350",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41902",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 41902 | 41904 | 41904 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41913",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can I interpret this sentence:\n\n> これから次第に広まって日常的に使うようになるのではないかという視点で選ばれるこのイベントは、\n\nIn this paragraph:\n\n> ところで、みなさんは “ほぼほぼ”という言葉を 聞いたことがありますか？ 実は、この言葉は、辞書で有名な三省堂が主催した今年の新語大賞に選ばれました。\n> 新語として選ばれる基準は「その年を代表する言葉で、今後の辞書に掲載されてもおかしくないもの・今後定着しそうな言葉」なんだそうです。\n> 流行語大賞とコンセプトは違って、耳に残るインパクトのある言葉ではありませんが、\n> **これから次第に広まって日常的に使うようになるのではないかという視点で選ばれるこのイベントは、** 面白いと感じました。\n\nThe translation is:\n\n> By the way, have you heard of the term 'hobo-hobo'? Actually, this word was\n> chosen for this year's New Word Prize which is held by Sanseido, which is a\n> firm famous for making dictionaries. The criteria needed in order to be\n> chosen as the New Word is that it has to be “a word represents that\n> particular year, it wouldn't seem out of place to publish the word into the\n> dictionary from here on, and that it is word that will more than likely\n> become a household word in time”. I felt that this event was interesting\n> since the word is chosen from a different viewpoint than that of the concept\n> of the buzzwords contest, in that it is not a word that stays on your mind\n> or creates an impact, but one that will gradually spread and may become a\n> word that gets used in everyday conversation.\n\nI don't know how ではないかという fits in this sentence",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T03:35:31.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41910",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T20:25:06.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Meaning of verb + の+ ではないかという",
"view_count": 667
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's not a fixed expression but just ではないか＋という which just happened to\nbe next to each other. If we split them, the sentence could be parsed like\nthis:\n\n> これから次第に広まって日常的に使うようになるの **ではないか**\n>\n> From now on, [this word] **might** gradually spread and become used in\n> everyday speech\n>\n> **という** 視点で選ばれるこのイベントは\n>\n> an event of being chosen based on **such** a viewpoint\n>\n> 面白いと感じました。\n>\n> [I] felt that it was interesting",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T07:20:04.393",
"id": "41913",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T20:25:06.567",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "41910",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41910 | 41913 | 41913 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 彼女は私と一緒にいればよかった\n\nDoes it mean\n\n * _I wish she was with me (right now)_ , or\n * _I wish she had been with me (in the past)_?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T10:02:33.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41916",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T14:27:40.910",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-23T11:54:03.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Does 彼女は私と一緒にいればよかった mean wish she WAS with me or wish she HAD been with me?",
"view_count": 188
} | [
{
"body": "It depends on context whether the た of wishes is present or past. So we can't\ndetermine which your sentence is.\n\nFor example:\n\n> _この_ 景色を彼女と一緒に見られれば **よかった** 。\n>\n> I wish I could see this scenery with her ( _now_ ).\n\n* * *\n\n> _あの時_ 彼女と一緒にいられれば **よかった** 。\n>\n> I wish I could have been with her _at that time_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T13:07:09.147",
"id": "41918",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T14:27:40.910",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "41916",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "You might not believe this, but the sentence:\n\n> 「彼女 **は** 私と一緒にいればよかった。」\n\nmeans **_neither_** of the two things you listed. Instead, it means something\ncompletely different. It means:\n\n> \"She was happy/good if she was with me.\"\n\nIn other words, it means:\n\n> \"All she asked was to be with me.\"\n\nIf your sentence had used 「彼女 **が** 」 instead of 「彼女 **は** 」, I would have\nanswered this question in a totally different way. I, however, should not be\nanswering a question you did not ask, so I will stop here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T13:08:44.350",
"id": "41919",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-23T13:08:44.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41916",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41916 | null | 41919 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41981",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "自分が普段使うのは\"しゃっくり\"です。しかし、しゃっくりと言ったら「ひゃっくりだよ」と注意されたことがあります。辞書ではそうなってはいないみたいです。\n\nひゃっくりとはどこの方言なのでしょうか。それとも、方言ですら無いのでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T13:13:55.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41920",
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"owner_user_id": "14627",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"dialects"
],
"title": "「ひゃっくり」ってどこの方言？",
"view_count": 1118
} | [
{
"body": "ひゃっくりは甲州弁、山梨県の方言です。 \n標準語では「しゃっくり」が正しいです。 \n \n100回繰り返すからひゃっくりという説もあるので、指摘する人もいるでしょう。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-26T02:21:52.300",
"id": "41981",
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| 41920 | 41981 | 41981 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41945",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I understand the meaning of interjections (ちがう, いえ, いや, え？, ん？,何だ？, は？). But i\ndont really know in what kind of situation i can use those words. Especially i\nwould like to know the different of usages between ちがう, いえ, いや, and the\ndifferences between え？, ん？,何だ？, は, Here i give you the examples of the\nconversation, i found this in \"One Piece\"\n\n> シャンクス：でたな“宝払い”！お前そりゃサギだぜ \n> ルフィ：違う！！ちゃんとおれは海賊になって宝を見つけたら金を払いに来るんだ！！\n\nThe other one\n\n> ゾロ：すぐに逃げろ。あいつらが下りてくるぜ。 \n> コビー：いえ！！はっ。。。そうだあなたの縄を解かなきゃ。。。！！\n\nother one\n\n> 海兵１：動くな！おとなしく捕まるんだ \n> ルフィ：いやだ –\n\nSo whats the nuances and can those word being substituent for one and another?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T13:45:47.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41921",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"expressions",
"interjections"
],
"title": "whats the different usages of interjections ちがう, いえ, いや?",
"view_count": 1219
} | [
{
"body": "> ちがう, いえ, いや\n\nAs you know, these three all have the meaning of \"no,\" if used as\ninterjections.\n\nFirst, ちがう has a stronger nuance of negation (close to \"you're wrong\"),\ncompared to the others. I'm not sure if it is an interjection; ちがう can be\ninterpreted as a complete sentence which consists of a single verb ちがう.\n\nいえ and いや are the same in the level of negation, but politeness is different.\nいえ is polite and いや isn't.\n\n* * *\n\n> え？, ん？,何だ？, は？\n\nSay \"え？\" when you can't understand, recognize or believe something. So this\nword implies that you are in doubt.\n\n\"ん？\" is suitable when you noticed something. It is similar to \"え？\" in that you\ncan use it when you noticed but not fully recognized something.\n\n\"何だ？\" is no more than its literal meaning \"What?\".\n\n\"は？\" can be used in the same situation as \"え？\" but \"は？\" sometimes includes the\nnuance of strong denial (like \"I can't _understand_ what the hell makes you\nsay such a terrible thing\")",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-24T13:18:38.530",
"id": "41945",
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},
{
"body": "違う! means \"Wrong!\" Used when a companion(opponent) is saying wrong things, to\nbecome a bullish and tell it's wrong. (Polite version:違います)\n\nいえ just means \"no\". Informal than いいえ. いやだ means \"I hate\". Used when a\ncompanion(opponent) is trying to do that I don't hope.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-30T12:24:34.160",
"id": "42129",
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{
"body": "natural: \"僕の財布を盗んだのは君だろう\"、\"いえ、違う（違います）\"\n\na little bit unnatural: \"もう昼ごはん食べたの\"、\"いえ、違う（違います）\"\n\nnatural: \"もう昼ごはん食べたの\"、\"いえ（まだです）\"\n\n”いえ” and \"違う\" is used for the denial against the speeker's message (mostly\nquestion).\n\n\"違う\" is used as strong denial and the situation could be seriou.\n\nIf you are confident against your frend's suspicion. Just \"いや\" is natural, and\nthis simple denial shows your confidence.\n\nnatural: \"僕の財布を盗んだのは君だろう\"、\"いや（＝いえ）\"\n\nMore examples,\n\nnatural:（子供が父に向かって）\"僕のお菓子、お父さん食べた？\"、（父が）\"いや、食べてないよ\"\n\nnatural:（子供が親友に向かって）\"僕のお金盗んだだろう！\"、（親友が）\"違うよ！そんなことするわけないだろう\"\n\n\"いや\" is used among close relationship. \"いえ\" is rather formal.\n\nnatural: (新入社員同士の会話）\"今朝遅刻したんだって？\"、”いや、遅刻してないよ”\n\nnatural:（新入社員と上司の会話）\"今朝遅刻したんだって？\"、”いえ、遅刻していません”",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-31T03:06:43.853",
"id": "42152",
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| 41921 | 41945 | 41945 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm curious with the title of this anime,\n[神様のいない日曜日](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E3%81%95%E3%81%BE%E3%81%AE%E3%81%84%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%9C%E6%97%A5)。Why\nis it title such, and not 神様いないの日曜日？\n\nAs I understand it this follows the X の Y rule where X owns Y, right? If it is\nwritten as such wouldn't that make it God's non-existant Sunday instead of\nGodless Sunday (the Anime is known as Sunday without God in English).\n\nSo, once again, why is it 神様のいない日曜日 and not 神様いないの日曜日?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T13:49:49.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41922",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is it 神様のいない日曜日 and not 神様いないの日曜日?",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "神様のいない日曜日 is one of my favorite animes!\n\nWell, 神様のいない日曜日 is the same in meaning as 神様 **が** いない日曜日.\n\nIn _relative clauses_ , we can use の instead of が as a subject marker. (If you\nwant to know why, this question may be of help: [Why can の and が both mark\nsubjects in relative\nclauses?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28200/why-\ncan-%E3%81%AE-and-%E3%81%8C-both-mark-subjects-in-relative-clauses))\n\nHere, 神様のいない is a _relative clause_ that modifies 日曜日.\n\nSo this の is not of possession, and does not have the nuance of \"X owns Y.\"\n\nSince the meaning of 神様がいない is \"God does not exist\", the meaning of 神様のいない日曜日\n(== 神様がいない日曜日) is \"Sunday on which God does not exist\".\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, your attempt \"神様いないの日曜日\" makes no sense.\n\nFirst, 神様いない is not grammatical. As 神様 is a subject here, it should be 神様がいない.\n\nWhen you want to add information of the form of a complete sentence (like\n神様がいない) to a noun, you can't use の. To do that, make it a relative clause. By\ndoing so you get the phrase 神様がいない日曜日.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T14:00:40.690",
"id": "41923",
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}
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| 41922 | null | 41923 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41937",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "We all know that 「ある」is to be used with inanimate objects and 「いる」with\nanimate, living things. However, almost all examples of usage that I've seen\nthus far is in the context of something or someone _being_ there. _There is a\ncat there_. _There is a man there._\n\nWhat happens when it comes to listing the ownership of items? If I were to say\nthat I own a cat, does the rule to use「いる」still apply?\n\n> 私は猫が一匹いる。\n>\n> 私は猫が一匹ある。\n\n（I get that usually one would use かっています here, but this just for the sake of\nexample)\n\nIn this case, the former sounds wrong (at least to me), even though it follows\nthe rule. The latter vice versa.\n\nIn another example, what if I don't physically _own_ something, but rather\nhave someone?\n\n> 私は弁護士があります。\n>\n> 私は彼女があります。\n\nBoth the above sound correct to me, even though in both example, the subject\nis living and 「いる」should be used.\n\nCan someone clarify?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T17:18:52.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41924",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-23T17:31:40.737",
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"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "いる or ある for the possession of a living thing",
"view_count": 346
} | [
{
"body": "We don't say いる when someone owns something whatever they are but it is used\nin indicating the existence of something animate. I feel 私は猫が一匹いる is a bit\nunnatural to me but 私には猫が一匹いる and 私の家(に)は猫が一匹いる would be more natural.\n\nThe second your two sentences are unnatural because ある isn't used with animate\nobjects as you know but いる is natural like 私は彼女がいます.\n\nIn addition, いる has some meaning like 要る(need), 射る(shoot), 炒る(roast).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T05:29:01.547",
"id": "41937",
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| 41924 | 41937 | 41937 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41926",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "ここ は… どう 言えば いい ん だろ。\n\nI think the ん here is the abbreviated の resulting in のだろ.\n\nI'm not sure how to connect it with the provisional form どう 言えば いい.\n\nIf the latter means: _It will be good if I somehow say..._ , then would the\nformer modify the _will_ to _would_?\n\nThe result being: _It **would** be good if I somehow **said** (as in named\nthis place)._\n\nIs this interpretation correct? I was trying to translate it around いいん being\na noun. It made some sense due to the overall context, but felt like I'm\nforcing the meaning. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T18:26:55.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41925",
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"owner_user_id": "19182",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Provisional + いい + ん + だろ",
"view_count": 899
} | [
{
"body": "First, you have misinterpreted the word どう.\n\nYou translate it as _somehow_ , but its meaning is _how_ or _in what way_.\n\nThe part 言えばいい is good, so the literal interpretation of どう言えばいい is _It would\nbe good if in what way I say._ So its meaning is _how I should say_.\n\nNext, yes, ん is の. The second point is that だろ is an abbreviation of\n[だろう](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86), whose meaning is _I\nwonder_ here.\n\nSo, どう言えばいいんだろ translates to _I wonder how I should say._ In this case,\nhowever, _I wonder **what** I should say_ is actually closer to its nuance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T19:12:25.130",
"id": "41926",
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| 41925 | 41926 | 41926 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41930",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that most translations arent literal, but can you help me understand\nthis translation?\n\n> Hitori hitori ga chiisana yume wo \n> Daite kyou mo samayoi aruku\n\nit's subtitled in spanish as\n\n\"keep going for those small dreams, which one by one appear every day\"\n\nchiisana yume is \"small dream\" and the rest it doesnt make any sense to me\n\nhitori I understand it is \"one person\"\n\ndaite \"to hug or something more personal \" is it another definition in this\nphrase?\n\nkyou = today, fun, bad luck, etc. I dont know which one could be here.\n\nsamayoi = to wonder, to loiter . No idea which meaning has in the phrase\n\naruku = to walk\n\nHow all that translates to the former?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T20:02:49.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41928",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-24T05:23:16.900",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "how does \"Hitori hitori ga chiisana yume wo Daite kyou mo samayoi aruku \" translates into this?",
"view_count": 742
} | [
{
"body": "First, _hitori hitori_\n([[一人一人]{ひとりひとり}](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8A%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8A))\nis \"each individual person\".\n\nNext, _daite_ is the te-form of _daku_ ([抱]{だ}く). Yes, its basic meaning is\n\"to hug\" but here its meaning is \"to hold\" or \"to have\".\n\n_kyou_ ([今日]{きょう}) is simply \"today\". so _kyou mo_ means \"today, too,\" which\nstrongly implies the nuance of \"as usual\" and \"without any change\" here.\n\n_samayoi_ is the masu-stem of _samayou_ ([彷徨]{さまよ}う) \"to wander\". So it\nconnects adverbially to _aruku_ (\"to walk\") here. So _samayoi aruku_ is\nsomething like \"walk while wandering\" or \"wander on foot\". Note that the\nnuance of _samayou_ is not going for a walk as a daily routine; it is more\nlike to lose a goal and wander aimlessly.\n\n* * *\n\nSo, the whole sentence literally translates as follows:\n\n> Each person wanders on foot without an aim as usual today, holding a small\n> dream.\n\n* * *\n\nOne can say this in whatever ways they want, but I don't think \"keep going for\nthose small dreams, which one by one appear every day\" is so good a\ntranslation. Small dreams do not appear every day.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-23T20:30:02.943",
"id": "41930",
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| 41928 | 41930 | 41930 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41963",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I realize anime is not like real life. In any case, I have noticed for a long\ntime now that when saying \"roger\", they sound like they are saying \"yokai\"\nwhen in fact there should be a \"r\" sound in the beginning. It seems like they\ndrop the \"r\" entirely, however. Maybe it's just me, but I've even rewound and\nlistened to it said many times in many instances and it never ceases to sound\nlike they omit the \"r\" sound entirely in this usage. So, if I'm hearing it\ncorrectly, why do they do this? If I'm not, then... well, why does it sound\nlike that's what they're doing to me so clearly & consistently(perhaps I'm not\nsensitive enough to pick up on their language's tiny nuances yet)?\n\nTo clarify: I do realize the way they say \"r\" is light in & of itself already.\nThe way it's pronounced makes it slip into their language in a very fine and\nbalanced way(definitely a \"soft\" sound, unlike the American \"r\" I grew up\nwith). But in other instances, I do still pick it up. It's only ever an issue\nwith this word/in this scenario. I was curious whether or not there is a\nreason for this, is all.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-23T21:35:20.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41931",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 16,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Is it just me, or is \"ryokai\" pronounced \"yokai\" regularly?",
"view_count": 44045
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese people do not use r sound. When they say ryokai, their top of tongue\ntouches the upper part of mouth and it often does not make sound. So it is\nvery hard to distinguish ryokai and yokai.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T00:34:06.543",
"id": "41932",
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{
"body": "I don't think it is just the word \"ryokai\", but all りゃ, りゅ and りょ are often\ndifficult to pronounce/hear for native English speakers as the sound does not\nexist in the English language.\n\nSee this site for how it is pronounced: <https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-\nlessons/how-to-pronounce-ry/>\n\nAs explained above, even though we use and \"r\" in rōma-ji, the actually sound\nis probably closer to an \"l\" (L) sound, which might explain part of the reason\nyou cannot catch it.\n\nA good example is the company [Ryobi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryobi). In\nthe US, I believe everyone pronounces it \"Rai-oh-bi\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T00:37:39.187",
"id": "41933",
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{
"body": "Japanese don’t have the sound of “r.” Therefore “了解-りょうかい” doesn’t sound as\nyou expect. I think Japanese ら・り・る・れ・ろ are closer to la・li・lu・le・lo in sound.\n\nHowever, if you omit “r” or “l” sound when you want to say “了解 – roger,\ngotcha”, and say “youkai,” it means “妖怪 – monster,” or “溶解‐melting,” or “容喙 -\ninterfering” So all you have to do is just be attentive to Japanese ら・り・る・れ・ろ\nsound, which is very different from “ra・ri・ru・re・ro” sound in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T02:02:45.683",
"id": "41961",
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},
{
"body": "Japanese ry is palatal flap while English y is palatal fricative. So they are\nvery close. (Japanese y is less fricative than the English counterpart and\nclose to a kind of diphthong.)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T04:17:53.200",
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| 41931 | 41963 | 41963 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41936",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Someone described climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge as \"すごく怖\". Is that\nsupposed to mean cool, awesome (in the modern day positive meaning), and\ngreat, or does it mean terrifying?\n\nWeblio doesn't have a dictionary definition, but the [corpus examples\ngiven](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%99%E3%81%94%E3%81%8F%E6%80%96)\nseem to suggest it means terrifying.\n\nThe main reason I'm wanting to check is that すごい itself used to mean terrible,\nbut now means amazing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T03:33:16.947",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is すごく怖 bad, or good?",
"view_count": 276
} | [
{
"body": "怖い basically just means terrifying/terrified. すごい/すごく here works as an\nintensifier (=\"very\", \"really\"). Climbing a bridge is indeed a terrifying\nthing, and the expression doesn't contain any hidden meanings.\n\nIn very limited contexts 怖い might be used to refer to something really\nextraordinary and awesome (e.g., a godlike FPS game player may be sometimes\ndescribed as [こわちか](http://netyougo.com/yg/11326.html)), but it's fairly\nslangy.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"score": 6
}
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| 41935 | 41936 | 41936 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41939",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can [元い{もとい}](http://kotobaknow.com/motoi) be used as a noun for actual\ncorrection (or the fact of correcting oneself), or does it imply actually\nsaying the word もとい literally?\n\nIf someone describes their conduct using その時、元いを言った can it be used in both of\nthe following situations:\n\n> 1. あなたは４０歳もとい３０歳になって、〜\n>\n> 2. あなたは４０歳、失礼しました、３０歳になって、〜\n>\n>\n\nor only the first one?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T06:43:15.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41938",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Can もとい be used as a noun describing the correction or the fact of correction?",
"view_count": 69
} | [
{
"body": "No, 「もとい」 cannot be used as a noun. It can only be used as an interjection.\n\nThus, you _**cannot**_ say:\n\n> 「その時、元い **を** 言った。」\n\nYou _**can**_ say:\n\n> 「その時、『元い』 **と** 言った。」\n\nIf you must use a _**noun**_ for some reason, you could say:\n\n> 「訂正{ていせい} **を** した」 or\n>\n> 「言{い}い直{なお}し **を** した」\n\n(Hope I am reading your question correctly.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T06:54:47.610",
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"parent_id": "41938",
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| 41938 | 41939 | 41939 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This question is prompted by @Abi's comment on [meanings of 「書{か}いてある」 and\n「書かれている」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18473/):\n\n> 書いてある seems to be commonly used, while with other verbs 〜てある is not so\n> common, right?\n\nAnd indeed, I don't really recall seeing `〜てある` with other verbs. So what are\nother common verbs used with it?\n\n[Stative verbs: ～ている vs ～てある vs\n～（ら）れる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5505/) mentions an\nexample of `窓が開けてある` but I feel it's somewhat less natural than e.g. `開けておく`\nor `開けっ放し`.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T09:19:46.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41940",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"verbs",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Is 〜てある commonly used with verbs other than 書く?",
"view_count": 230
} | [
{
"body": "(From comment)\n\nAlthough it may be a bit grammatically different from 書いてある, examples are:\n\n * （料理を）作ってある\n * （切符を）買ってある\n * （宿題を）してある\n * （住所を）控えてある\n * （鍵を）かけてある\n\nOther candidates are\n\n> 柿がそこに吊ってある/干してある\n>\n> 旗が挿してある/掲げてある/飾ってある",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T16:29:51.367",
"id": "42077",
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"parent_id": "41940",
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| 41940 | null | 42077 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41944",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Maruko's cousin is charging her money for dealing with her dead pets. When\nMaruko complains about an aditional charge he says:\n\n> 「あたりまえだ。さっきのは生きてるか死んでるか確認するためにもらったお金だろ。 **死がいの穴埋めとは別** だぞ。」 \n> Of course. I got money just now for checking whether they were alive or\n> dead, right? ****\n\nI can't understand 死がいの穴埋めとは別**だ.\n\nDespite the dictionary definition of 穴埋め (stopgap) I'm assuming its just a\ncompound of 穴 and 埋め meaning 'burial hole'?\n\n別 presumably indicates 'additional/separate', referring to the charge for the\nservice?\n\nAssuming I've got these parts right the bit I really don't understand is とは. I\nknow two uses of とは. One is to define something, the other is to express\nsurprise. Neither seems to fit here. It could just be two separate particles\nbut then I don't understand the function of と if this is the case.\n\nOverall I think I should translate as\n\n> (digging) a grave for the bodies will (cost) extra.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T09:54:22.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41941",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Understanding とは in this sentence",
"view_count": 1100
} | [
{
"body": "Myself, I tend to think of `～とは` as \"as for ~\". However, you can probably just\ninterpret it as the \"quoting と\" + \"topical は\". I.e.\n\n> \"死がいの穴埋め\"と\n>\n> when talking about burying the dead bodies...\n>\n> は別だぞ\n>\n> ... [it is] a separate matter\n\nBTW, EDICT has an entry for `とは別に`:\n\n> とは別に 【べつに】 (adv) in addition to; apart from",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T10:48:47.480",
"id": "41942",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T06:05:08.767",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": ">\n> 「あたりまえだ。さっきのは生{い}きてるか死{し}んでるか確認{かくにん}するためにもらったお金{かね}だろ。死{し}がいの穴埋{あなう}めとは別{べつ}だぞ。」\n\nIn the last sentence above, its subject is unmentioned. If one thought\n「死がいの穴埋め (the burying of the dead)」 was the subject, one would forever be lost\nin one's comprehension of the sentence.\n\n**The subject is unmentioned and the predicate is 「別だぞ」. What is the subject,\nthen? It is mentioned in the preceding sentence (as usual). It is\n「さっきもらったお金」.** Trust me, **_this_** is the prerequisite for any analysis of\nthe sentence. That could not be emphasized enough.\n\n「 **と** 」 is your go-to particle for saying \"different **_from_** \", \"a\nseparate matter **_from_** \", \"same **_as_** \", etc. If you remember anything\nfrom my answer this time, let it be this as you need to know it as long as you\nstudy Japanese.\n\n「 **は** 」 is attached for emphasis. The main particle here is 「 **と** 」.\n\nThe sentence is saying \"(The money I received a while back) is a separate\nmatter from (the money I should receive for) 死がいの穴埋め\".\n\n> Despite the dictionary definition of 穴埋め (stopgap) I'm assuming its just a\n> compound of 穴 and 埋め meaning 'burial hole'?\n\nExactly. It refers to the burying of the dead. In other words, the word is\nused for its literal meaning. \"Stopgap\" is its figurative meaning.\n\n> 別 presumably indicates 'additional/separate', referring to the charge for\n> the service?\n\nPrecisely.\n\nYour interpretation \"(digging) a grave for the bodies will (cost) extra.\"\nshows your understanding of the sentence.\n\n> Example:「イギリスの紅茶{こうちゃ}は、日本の緑茶{りょくちゃ} **とは** かなり味{あじ}が違{ちが}う。」 (\"English\n> black tea tastes quite different from Japanese green tea.\")\n\n「とは」 can be replaced by just 「と」 if there is no need for emphasis. Again, it\ncannot be replaced by 「は」 because the subject of the sentence is 「イギリスの紅茶」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T12:43:16.127",
"id": "41944",
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}
]
| 41941 | 41944 | 41942 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41947",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As in this example:\n\n> ルイスさんの日本語は太田先生も外国人だと気づかなかったほど上手です。\n\nI think that the beginning says: \"As for Mr. Lewis's Japanese, even Prof.\nŌta...\"\n\nAnd then the end is: \"...[his Japanese] is so good to the extent that he\n[Prof.] didn't realise.\"\n\nBut did he not realise \"if he was a foreigner\", or that \"he was a foreigner\"\njust enclosed with the と particle?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T14:14:52.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41946",
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"owner_user_id": "17667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Can 気づく be used with quotation と?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "> Can 「気{き}づく (\"to realize\")」 be used with the quotative 「と」?\n\nYes, it definitely can.\n\nWhy so? Because in Japanese, the quotative 「と」 is used with far more verbs\nthan English-speakers might associate with upon hearing/seeing the word \" **\n_quotative_** \".\n\nThose verbs include:\n\n・言{い}う \"to say\"\n\n・話{はな}す \"to speak\"\n\n・聞{き}く \"to hear\"\n\n・書{か}く \"to write\"\n\n・思{おも}う \"to think\"\n\n・感{かん}じる \"to feel\"\n\n・教{おし}える \"to teach\"\n\n・気{き}づく \"to notice\", \"to realize\"\n\nThere are **_many_** more. Crazy, isn't it?\n\n> But did he not realise \"if he was a foreigner\", or that \"he was a foreigner\"\n> just enclosed with the と particle?\n\nThe latter. My TL would be:\n\n> \"Lewis's Japanese was excellent to the extent that 太田先生 did not even realize\n> that he was a foreigner.\"\n\nIf this helps, 太田先生も外国人だと気づかなかった ＝ 太田先生も『外国人だ！』と気づかなかった. If imaginary\nquotation marks seemed to make sense for the word/phrase right in front of\n「と」, you could be sure that it is the quotative 「と」.\n\nIn other words, 太田先生 thought that Lewis was a native Japanese speaker.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T15:06:01.470",
"id": "41947",
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"score": 6
}
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| 41946 | 41947 | 41947 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41957",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 動物王国のムツゴロウさんちの娘になってもいいと思うほど、動物好きなまる子だが、... Maruko is a fan of animals to the\n> extent that she thinks it's okay to become the daughter of _something to do\n> with animal kingdoms and mud skippers_\n\nWhilst I'm fascinated to know what 動物王国のムツゴロウさんち is all about, my primary\nquestion is about the structure of the sentence.\n\nThere seems to be a noun missing. If I had tried to put this in Japanese I\nwould have written:\n\n> ...ほど、まる子は動物がすきだが... \n> to the extent that ... Maruko likes animals\n\nBut the original sentence is\n\n> to the extent that ... Maruko (who is an animal fan) is xxx?\n\nwhere xxx is missing.\n\nIs my alternative sentence correct? How can I understand the grammar of the\noriginal sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T16:14:53.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41948",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-25T10:41:55.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "Missing noun in sentence using ほど",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "I think this is one of those times where it's hard to read this using our\nimplicit biases as non-native Japanese speakers. If this were English it'd be\nan incomplete sentence, but this works in Japanese _because it works in\nJapanese_.\n\n> 動物王国のムツゴロウさんちの娘になってもいいと思うほど、動物好きなまる子だが\n\nIf we wanted to simplify this sentence as much as possible, we could reduce it\nto\n\n> まる子だが\n\nWhich is really just the author stating something about Maruko before\ncontinuing on to the rest of the sentence. If you think about it this way, the\nrest is a bit easier to parse.\n\n> 動物王国のムツゴロウさんちの娘になってもいいと思うほど、動物好き\n\nSuch a fan of animals that she wouldn't mind becoming the daughter of a\nmudskipper = Maruko\n\nThe hard part about reading sentences like this is that it's constructed as\nwhat looks like a separate sentence, but it's closer to a string of dependent\nclauses tying into a larger idea. We do this in English as well, but we just\nswitch the order around a bit\n\n> Maruko, such a fan of animals that she wouldn't mind becoming the daughter\n> of a mudskipper, XXX\n\nWhere XXX is the information that you perceived as missing in the Japanese\nversion (it probably just comes after the chunk you quoted).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T19:51:27.900",
"id": "41954",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-24T19:51:27.900",
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"owner_user_id": "18701",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "First of all, who is 「動物王国{どうぶつおうこく}のムツゴロウさん」? He is a very well-known and\nhighly popular figure in Japan. When the older half of the country hear the\nword \"animals\", they think of him. I will just let Wiki explain below. It even\ntalks about what his 「動物王国」 is about.\n\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masanori_Hata>\n\nNext, just a brief explanation of 「動物好{どうぶつず}きなまる子」. For those unfamiliar, the\n「好き」 part in this phrase, is read 「 **ず** き」 and not 「 **す** き」.\n\nFor reading comprehension, I recommend that one regard 「動物好きな」 as just an\nadjective meaning \" ** _animal-loving_** \". So, we have a \"animal-loving\nMaruko\" here.\n\nI think many are already familiar with this, but 「～～さん **ち** 」 means \"~~'s\nhome\", \"~~'s family\", etc. The 「ち」 comes from 「うち」.\n\nNow, you called 「動物王国のムツゴロウさんちの娘になってもいいと思うほど、動物好きなまる子だが、...」 a sentence, but\nis it one? **_Grammatically, no, because it lacks a predicate_**. If the\nauthor actually ended this with the \"...\", however, then it is an \"honorary\"\nsentence. **_To make it as literal as possible_** , it means:\n\n> \"It is Maruko who loves animals to the extent that she would not mind\n> becoming the daughter of Mr. Mutsugoro of the Animal Kingdom.\"\n\nThe TL might sound awkward because I translated, as I said, a non-sentence\nthat does not even have a predicate.\n\nEven a one-step more literal translation would be:\n\n> \"Maruko who loves animals so much that she would not mind becoming the\n> daughter of Mr. Mutsugoro of the Animal Kingdom, but ......\"\n\nThere you could see what I mean by \"non-sentence\" and \"no predicate\". It says\nnothing about what Maruko actually did.\n\nIn any case, you seem to have a good grip on the phrase in question. It is a\ngood sign that you felt something was missing.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T00:13:19.653",
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| 41948 | 41957 | 41957 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "『毒触手草』に気をつけること。歯が生えてきている最中ですから。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T16:57:34.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41950",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-24T19:34:57.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "きている in this sentence?",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "This is just a standard -てくる formation combined with -ている to express that it's\na continuing process. This might seem awkward in the abstract, not so much\nwhen you think about context. 「歯が生える」 means that \"teeth are growing.\"\nConceptually speaking, teeth aren't a part of you (at least as teeth) until\nthey grow in, so adding on a -てくる to this makes the nuance more along the\nlines of \"teeth grow in[to one's mouth].\" -ている here just means that the\nprocess is continual, so \"teeth are growing in.\" Putting it all together, you\nget something along the lines of \"Be careful of the Venomous Tentacula. Its\nteeth are coming in.\"\n\nSince I had no idea what a 毒触手草 was I did a quick Google search and found some\nHarry Potter thing. Googling _that_ along with \"teeth\" led me to\n[this](https://www.pottermore.com/quote/teething-problems) page, so if you\nhave similar questions in the future I'd recommend digging around on Google\nfor a bit since Pottermore is pretty popular.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-24T19:34:57.290",
"id": "41953",
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| 41950 | null | 41953 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41952",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 暗い森、さまよう \"Kurai mori, samayou\"\n\ntranslates to \"in the dark forest you wander\". Is the comma here replacing the\nfunction of ni? can you always replace it this way or is it specific to this\nsentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T17:46:19.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41951",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-24T18:09:00.923",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-24T17:49:12.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Are there rules for omitting にin phrases?",
"view_count": 240
} | [
{
"body": "> Is the comma here replacing the function of ni?\n\nNo, it isn't -- in two meanings.\n\n* * *\n\nFirst, your phrase \" _kurai mori, samayou_ \" ([暗]{くら}い[森]{もり}、さまよう) is not a\ngrammatically well-formed sentence.\n\nIt looks like just saying \"Dark forest, (you) wander.\" How you interpret these\nwords is up to you. So that comma doesn't have the function of _ni_.\n\n* * *\n\nSecondly, to be a valid sentence, it should be \" _kurai mori **o** samayou_\"\n([暗]{くら}い[森]{もり} **を** さまよう).\n\n\" _Kurai mori **ni** samayou_\" is incorrect.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-24T18:09:00.923",
"id": "41952",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-24T18:09:00.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "41951",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 41951 | 41952 | 41952 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41958",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the following sentence:\n\n知りたい こと も、後で ちゃんと 教えてあげる…\n\nThe first part: 知りたい こと, I understand as: _what (you) want to know_ , because\nof -tai and koto combination.\n\nThe second part: 後で ちゃんと 教えてあげる…, means I think: _(I) will properly inform\n(you) later_.\n\nThe above seems to make sense when put together, but I think I'm not capturing\nthe meaning of も. The first part seems like a noun and with a single も in the\nsentence my guess would be _too/also_.\n\nConsidering this, could the sentence be translated as: _(It is) what (I) want\nto know too, (I) will properly inform (you) later._? Am I at least close?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-24T20:36:04.373",
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"owner_user_id": "19182",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Combination of verb + ことも",
"view_count": 453
} | [
{
"body": "As soon as I read your last sentence, I knew that you were overthinking. The\nsentence in question is much simpler than you seem to think both in structure\nand meaning.\n\n> 「知{し}りたい こと **も** 、後{あと}で ちゃんと 教{おし}えてあげる。」\n\nThe 「も」 simply suggests that there are other things (besides what the listener\nwants to know) that the speaker will be explaining/teaching for the listener\nlater on.\n\nIn other words, 「も」 modifies 「教えてあげる」.\n\nYour guess of 「も」 being \"too/also\" is correct, but the important thing is to\nknow \"what too\", \"also what\", etc.\n\nUnless this sentence appeared in a context/situation **_so unusual_** that I\ncould not even have imagined, it would mean:\n\n> \"I will surely teach (or \"explain to\") you the thing(s) you want(ed) to know\n> **_and stuff (or \"other things\")_**.\"",
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| 41955 | 41958 | 41958 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm a bit confused about how I turn 静かなばかり (It is only quiet) into \"It WAS\nonly quiet\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-24T22:28:56.873",
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"id": "41956",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Which is correct, 静かだったばかり or 静かばかりだった to mean \"It was just quiet, that's all\"",
"view_count": 155
} | [
{
"body": "\"It is only quiet\" can translate to 「静かなばかり｛だ/です｝」, 「静かなだけ｛だ/です｝」, or\n「ただ静か｛だ/です｝」 etc.\n\nSo, to turn the sentence into the past tense, all you have to do is turn the\nassertive auxiliary (or copula) だ/です into the past form, like this:\n\n> 「（ただ）静かなばかり｛だった。/ でした。｝」 \n> 「（ただ）静かなだけ｛だった。/ でした。｝」 \n> 「ただ静か｛だった。/ でした。｝」",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T01:12:48.527",
"id": "41960",
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| 41956 | null | 41960 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41962",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was trying to understand 今はただ, which I eventually concluded must mean: _just\nnow_. I explain it to myself as ただ emphasises the noun _now_ , as _only_ or\n_just one_. Is this correct?\n\nWhile on it, I came across: ただ今, which appears to have the same literal\nmeaning.\n\nDo these two statements mean exactly the same thing or are there any\ndifferences in meaning or use?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T00:53:53.040",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Meaning of ただ in conjunction with 今",
"view_count": 329
} | [
{
"body": "ただ今 is a single formal word that means _(just) now_ , _(at) present_ , _(very)\nsoon_ , etc. It works as a noun and as a standalone adverb without any\nparticle.\n\n> * ただ今より会議を開始します。(formal) \n> Now we start the meeting.\n> * 彼はただ今参りますので、少々お待ち下さい。(formal) \n> He will come (very) soon, please wait for a moment.\n>\n\n今はただ is three words (今 + は + ただ), and there's nothing idiomatic. 今は means _(as\nfor) now_ , and ただ means _just_ , _only_ , _merely_ , etc. For example,\n\n> * 今はただこの写真が残っているだけだ。 \n> Now only this photo remains (everything else is lost).\n> * 今はただ眠りたい。 \n> I just want to sleep for now.\n>\n\nNote that ただ in 今はただ is an adverb that modifies something different than 今\n(usually a following verb).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T02:19:21.737",
"id": "41962",
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| 41959 | 41962 | 41962 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I know that interjections え？ は？ そうか ? and 何だ？is used when we are in doubt. and\ni would like to know whats the nuances between those word. here i give the\nexamples....\n\n1st:\n\n> ルフィ：おれは死んでもいいんだ！ \n> コビー： **え？**\n\n2nd:\n\n> ヘルメッポ：おいこのガキ投げすてろ！！ \n> 海兵： **は？**\n\n3rd:\n\n> ゾロ：おれはおれの...やりたい事を成し遂げる！！！ \n> ルフィ：ふーん、 **そうか** 。でも おれなら一週間で餓死する自信あるけどね。\n\n4th:\n\n> ゾロ：仕方んねエからその辺の海賊船を狙って。生活費を稼いでた. . . それだけだ \n> ルフィ： **なんだ** ？お前迷子か。\n\nCan those word being substitute to one and another?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T04:37:50.953",
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"id": "41965",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T01:04:22.500",
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"owner_user_id": "19161",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"interjections"
],
"title": "whats the nuances of interjections え？ は？ そうか ? and 何だ？",
"view_count": 355
} | [
{
"body": "That's all depends. \nThe following is most common usage. \n1st: \nHuh?(surprised) \n \n2nd: \npardon? \n \n3rd: \nHmm, is that so? \n \n4th: \nWhat?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-26T02:41:03.130",
"id": "41982",
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{
"body": "Given they are all interjections, they all have different meaning (nuances) as\ndescribed below\n\n1st\n\nえ？ is interjection used to show pure surprise. Translation, I can't think of\nbecause I'm not so much fluent with English nuances.\n\n2nd\n\nは？ is interjection to show astonishment. It can also appeal that the speaker\nhas negative impression what's being said (or happened).\n\n3rd\n\nそうか is \"I see\", in English.\n\n4th\n\nDifficult to explain... At least, neither of above interjections can\nsubstitute this usage of なんだ, that's for sure..",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-28T15:56:18.493",
"id": "42076",
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{
"body": "They are kinds of injections.\n\nえ？ - It expresses surprised. Used when a speaker was surprised. Anyway, \"what\"\nin English.\n\nは？ - It also expresses surprised, but it expresses not agreeing a opponent's\nan opinion.\n\nそうか。 - In English, \"is that so?\"\n\nなんだ？ - It's hard to explain for me, because I don't almost use the usage like\nthat. Its usage, \"what?\"",
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"id": "42208",
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| 41965 | null | 42208 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41967",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 母{はは} and 妣{なきはは}?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T05:07:36.897",
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"id": "41966",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Difference between 母 and 妣",
"view_count": 150
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{
"body": "母 is a very common term for mother. 妣 is rarely used nowadays and usually\nunderstood as \"late mother\", but it may be used as a variant of 母.\n\n>\n> 母に万葉で「妣」の字を宛てたのは、歿後の父母なる事を示したと言ふ事も出来ようが、唯母と通用したものだらう。そして、唯色々な形の歌を組み入れたゞけと見る方がよい。\n> ([折口信夫 相聞の発達](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000933/files/46954_27952.html))",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T06:00:15.913",
"id": "41967",
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| 41966 | 41967 | 41967 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41974",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "For example,\n\n```\n\n 京都でラーメンを食べたし金閣寺に行ったしお酒を買った。\n 京都でラーメンを食べたり金閣寺に行ったりお酒を買ったりした。\n \n```\n\nAs far as I know, both are non-exclusive lists and たり isn't in chronological\norder (don't know about し). Is there any other difference besides that? The\none I hear the most in Japan is し, but that might be just because it's Osaka\nand they have their own way of saying things.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T10:21:25.817",
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"id": "41969",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-25T11:17:24.257",
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"owner_user_id": "5423",
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"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between し and たり",
"view_count": 5981
} | [
{
"body": "The first sentence looks a bit unnatural to me. The last を should be も:\n\n> 京都でラーメンを食べたし金閣寺に行ったしお酒 **も** 買った。\n\nYou can optionally replace the first も and the に with も:\n\n> 京都でラーメンも食べたし金閣寺も行ったしお酒 **も** 買った。\n\nIn any case, I feel using し is more emphatic, and sounds like \"I did various\nthings in Kyoto (including eating ramen, ...)\" or \"not only ～ but also ～ and\nalso ～\". The sentence even almost implies the speaker is satisfied because he\nhad a variety of experience.\n\nUsing たり is a more neutral, matter-of-fact expression. \"I did ～, ～ and ～.\"",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T17:20:33.163",
"id": "41973",
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"body": "You could say し is cumulative and たり is dispersive.\n\nRepeating …し…し…し… is like combining multiple \"... as well as ... as well as\n... as well as ...\", while …たり…たり…たり… is like lining up \"(for example) ... or\n... or ... or ...\".\n\nAs long as the subject is singular, both eventually imply the same person do\nall the things so that the difference is somewhat obscured, but when you use\nthem with plural subjects:\n\n> メンバーはみんなイケメンだ **し** 頭がいい **し** 歌がうまい **し** … \n> → _They are all good-looking AND smart AND good singers AND... at the same\n> time_\n>\n> メンバーはみんなイケメンだっ **たり** 頭がよかっ **たり** 歌がうまかっ **たり** … \n> → _They are all good-looking AND/OR smart AND/OR good singers AND/OR..._ (a\n> certain member has one or more properties in the list)",
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"body": "One function that し has and たり doesn't is provide an explanation or a reason.\nE.g.\n\n> 子供じゃあるまいし, 僕に向かってそんな言い方はないだろう.\n>\n> Don't talk to me like that; I'm not a child, you know!\n>\n> (from `研究社 新和英中辞典`)\n\n(there are more examples but can't think of a good one right now)\n\nHowever, this applies when it's used alone, not in a list.",
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"id": "41978",
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| 41969 | 41974 | 41974 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41971",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 傷つけられ追い詰められたノラ犬は、人に襲いかかることだって、ある。 \n> There are even times when a wounded and cornered stray dog will attack a\n> human.\n\nIn my TL I have guessed that ことだって、ある is ことがある (there are times when...) with\nthe が being replaced by だって to give the meaning \"there are **even** times\nwhen...\". Is this correct? Why is there a comma here?\n\nMy other thought was that って might be quoting the stuff before it, but I got\nstuck with that line of reasoning.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T10:46:29.243",
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"id": "41970",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Meaning of verb phrase-ことだって、ある",
"view_count": 825
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{
"body": "You have got this one correct.\n\n> 「Verb Phrase or Mini-Sentence + こと **だって** 、ある」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"There are **_also/even_** times when ~~~.\"\n\nIt is sayig that ~~~ is totally possible. 「～～だって」 basically means 「～～もやはり」.\n\nThe comma there is unnecessary and it is usually not used at all. The author\nmight have had a reason for using a comma, but without further context, we\ncould not be certain of it. Most likely, it was for emphasizing the fact that\nthe stray dogs actually could attack humans at times.\n\nNOTE: This 「だって」 should not be confused with the sentence-ending 「～～～だって」,\nwhich is **_quotative_**. \"~~~~, he said.\", \"~~~, it says\", etc.",
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| 41970 | 41971 | 41971 |
{
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"body": "As far as I understand (correct me if I'm wrong), there are 3 ways to turn a\njapanese verb, the plain form which usually adds an \"e\", the te form and the\nnasai form. When do you have to use each one?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T17:16:02.510",
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "what's the difference in usage of the nasai, te and plain imperative forms?",
"view_count": 260
} | []
| 41972 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41976",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Hello as the title says I want to know if there is a difference between these\ntwo sentences :\n\n 1. この時計は 高いです。\n 2. 高い時計です。\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-25T18:18:40.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41975",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between saying この時計は 高いです。 and 高い時計です。",
"view_count": 162
} | [
{
"body": "There's about as much difference here as there would be between the phrases\n\"This watch is expensive\" and \"This is an expensive watch\". They're\ninterchangeable for the most part, but keep in mind the subtle difference.\n\nSo say for example, you wanted to say something like, \"According to this\nexpensive watch, it's 3 o'clock\". It's more natural to phrase it like,\n\n> 「この高い時計によれば、３時です」 (According to this expensive watch, it's 3 o'clock)\n\nrather than to split things up and say it like,\n\n> 「この時計は高いですが、この時計によれば、３時です」 (This watch is expensive, and according to this\n> watch, it's 3 o'clock).\n\nNative speakers tend to go for the sentences that convey their thoughts the\nbest with the least amount of effort. That goes for any language though.\nAnyway, hope this helps!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-25T20:01:05.210",
"id": "41976",
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| 41975 | 41976 | 41976 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41979",
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"body": "This is the title of a technical document:\n\n> 性能評価用提出図書（別添）作成要領\n\nWhat is the meaning of 提出図書? Is it \"document to submit\"? On dictionaries, 図書\nis translated as book, but in this case I think it is simply a document (later\non it is stated 図書サイズは、特に指定されたもの以外はＡ４判としてください). Here is my translation\nattempt:\n\n> Guidelines for the preparation of a 'Document (attachment) to submit for\n> quality evaluation'\n\nAlso, could you please confirm that 別添 means attachment? In the first\nparagraph of the document it is repeated (本書類は、性能評価用提出図書 (別添)です), so even\nthough it is between parenthesis it seems an important detail.\n\nThank you!",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"lexicalization"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 提出図書?",
"view_count": 201
} | [
{
"body": "I think you are totally correct.\n\nAt first I thought 図書 means a book, but it is definitely a document if it is\nwritten in another document that \"本書類は、性能評価用提出図書 (別添)です\".\n\nThis usage of 図書 is not common and only seen in documents for governmental\nprocedures.\n\nAnd yes, 別添 means attachment. To break it down, it can read as 別に添える, \"attach\nseparately.\" So it indicates that \"性能評価用提出図書 (別添)\" is a separate document that\nshould be attached to a main document when submitted.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T00:19:20.053",
"id": "41979",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T00:19:20.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "41977",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41977 | 41979 | 41979 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41985",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Due to [Han unification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification), the\nsame code point represents the Chinese (T/S), Japanese and Korean variants of\na given character. The rendered glyph is determined by locale, lang tag (web)\nor similar. If a variable like this is misconfigured, it can lead to confusion\nor irritation with natives and misunderstandings with learners.\n\nOne such character is 噌 like in 味噌{みそ}. Source Han Sans renders it as\n but MS Gothic on XP renders it as\n. This led me to wonder which one is\nactually correct.\n\nThere are characters for both variants of the right-hand side of 噌; 曾 and 曽. 曽\nis more common according to Jim Breen's KANJIDIC.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T03:04:01.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41983",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T04:47:26.623",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-26T04:41:19.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "19206",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"computing",
"kyūjitai-and-shinjitai"
],
"title": "噌 variants in different fonts",
"view_count": 785
} | [
{
"body": "It's off-topic, but upgrading OS is recommended as Windows XP support is\nalready terminated.\n\nThe reason why the glyphs differ is because the rule changed in 2004, after\nthe release of XP. The following chart (from\n[WP](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0213#JIS_X_0213:2004.E3.81.AE.E6.94.B9.E6.AD.A3))\nwould be the summary.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/88C9t.gif)\n\nThe second from left of row 4 is the 噌. It becomes rendered in more\ntraditional shape since 2004. The JIS standard decided to conform their\nrepresentational glyphs to 表外漢字字体表 publicized by the Agency for Cultural\nAffairs. Before that, no official stipulation for those not in 常用漢字 so JIS\ncommittee chose glyphs on their own (see [my another post to Why wasn't 欒\nsimplified to 栾, when 戀 was simplified to\n恋?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19806/7810)). All fonts shipped with\nsucceeding OSes since Vista should match the new form.\n\nThe glyph change is only normative to printed characters. Both shapes are\nrecognized in handwriting and people usually choose the simpler one.\n\n**UPDATE** \n[The download page of JIS2004 conformative fonts for\nXP](https://support.microsoft.com/ja-jp/kb/927489) (in Japanese)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T04:22:42.313",
"id": "41985",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T04:47:26.623",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "41983",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 41983 | 41985 | 41985 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41986",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "George Michael just passed away... is there any phrase analogous to \"may he\nrest in peace\"? To me at least, that English phrase is emotionally tinged. I\nmean, I really do feel sad. But of course, I'd never say that phrase regarding\nthe death of a family member because \"may he rest in peace\" is a little too\ndistant.\n\nSo, is there any Japanese phrase that demonstrates genuine respect to someone\nwho just died and who you _didn't_ personally know?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T04:11:00.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41984",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T11:52:00.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Is there any phrase similar to \"may he rest in peace\"?",
"view_count": 8633
} | [
{
"body": "We usually say...\n\n> 「ご[冥福]{めいふく}をお[祈]{いの}りします。」\n\nor\n\n> 「[安]{やす}らかにお[眠]{ねむ}りください。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T05:00:27.697",
"id": "41986",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T05:00:27.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "41984",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "I answer others... They are **not** used commonly!\n\n> * 安らかに眠らんことを.\n> * み[霊]{たま}安かれ. (I have never heard this)\n> * 安らかに眠りますように.\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T11:19:41.780",
"id": "41989",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T11:52:00.417",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-26T11:52:00.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "41984",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 41984 | 41986 | 41986 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41988",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "アリバイがない限り、犯人 **になる** 可能性がある。\n\nアリバイがない限り、犯人 **である** 可能性がある。\n\nアリバイがない限り、犯人 **の** 可能性がある。\n\nWhich sentences are correct / awkward / wrong? Why is there a difference, if\nany?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T07:52:31.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41987",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T10:59:48.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"copula"
],
"title": "Difference between になる / である / の",
"view_count": 447
} | [
{
"body": "> 1) アリバイがない限{かぎ}り、犯人{はんにん} **になる** 可能性{かのうせい}がある。\n>\n> 2) アリバイがない限り、犯人 **である** 可能性がある。\n>\n> 3)アリバイがない限り、犯人 **の** 可能性がある。\n\nThis might depend on how you define \"correct\" here, but I am going to say that\nall three are correct.\n\nYou should, however, expect to see/hear sentence #1 by far the **least often**\nout of the three. This is partly because of the slightly ambiguous meaning of\n「犯人になる」, which could be taken to mean \" ** _to become a criminal of one's own\nvolition_** \". Here, the phrase 「アリバイがない限り」(\"unless one has an alibi\") is\nbarely saving it from being taken that way.\n\nTo me, sentences #2 and #3 would almost equally be \"correct\" and common. #2\nwould often sound more declarative than #3. 「の」 is such an almighty particle,\nwhich makes things easier to say but because of its versatility, it can make\nphrases using it sound less formal and more conversational.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T10:59:48.947",
"id": "41988",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T10:59:48.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41987",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 41987 | 41988 | 41988 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Apart from 働く being a verb, and 仕事 being a (suru) noun, what is the difference\nbetween the two?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T12:37:02.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41991",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T12:57:50.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 仕事 and 働く?",
"view_count": 7066
} | [
{
"body": "Not much. You can see it as \"working\" and \"doing your job\" in English.\n\nThere are quite a few of those, just like in English.\n\n> 話す->talk \n> 話+する->have a talk",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T02:13:44.333",
"id": "42011",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T02:13:44.333",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "41991",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "They(仕事する and 働く) mean \"to work in a company or as a one-person operation\" and\nalso \"to do something\".\n\nHowever 働く has some meanings besides like 作用する(act on). For example,\n地球では重力が働く(Gravity acts on the earth)\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/176758/meaning/m0u/%E5%83%8D%E3%81%8F/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T07:16:44.920",
"id": "42022",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T07:28:37.117",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T07:28:37.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "41991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "As you see the Japanese word \"働く\" consists of the Chinese character \"働\" and\nJapanese character, Hiragana \"く.\" On the other hand, \"仕事\" consists of two\nChinese characters. You can almost always use both words for the same\nsituation.\n\n\"I hate working on Sundays.\"\n\nCorrect: \"日曜日に働くのは嫌だ\"\n\nCorrect: \"日曜日に仕事するのは嫌だ\", \"日曜日の仕事は嫌だ\"\n\nHowever there is a slight difference between the two words. A word consisting\nof a Chinese character and a Japanese character Hiragana gives us a soft\nimpression. So if you give a title for the TV program for children about the\nvehicles like cement mixer truck, Fire Truck, Police Car and Ambulance, etc.\nIn this case \"働くくるま\" is a little bit better than \"仕事のくるま.\" There is almost\nslight difference but when you come right down to it \"働く\" is rather casual and\n\"仕事\" is rather formal.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T09:20:14.170",
"id": "42025",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T09:22:37.487",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T09:22:37.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "91",
"owner_user_id": "19219",
"parent_id": "41991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Putting parts of speech problem aside, 働く stands for \"labor\", the activity you\nput some effort to do something, while 仕事 is \"job\", or what you put your\neffort to do. Both are common words and applicable when you describe people\nworking at office.\n\nIt's not so easy to find situations only either one makes sense because the\ntwo are usually pairing up, but for example:\n\n> ○ 百人力の働き \n> × 百人力の仕事\n\n百人力 means \"100-people worth of power\" or \"Herculean strength\" (not Herculean\n_task_ ) to express how you are efficient to get works over with. It can only\nmodify 働き and not 仕事, because the job is the same job.\n\n> × 急な働き \n> ○ 急な仕事\n\n急 means \"sudden, urgent\". What comes suddenly isn't your performance but the\ntask.\n\nBelow listed some extra definitions each word particularly have, for your\ninformation:\n\n * 働く: to commit (a crime), to function\n * 働き: function, performance\n * 仕事: profession, work (of physics)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T11:49:23.157",
"id": "42033",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T12:57:50.147",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T12:57:50.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "41991",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41991 | null | 42022 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41994",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「おまえクラスメイトがノラ犬にやられたんだぞ。学級委員として退治してくれよ」 \n> Your classmate's just been hurt by a wild dog. As class representative, get\n> rid of it. \n> 「えっ、そ、そんな、ワ私がそんな、ズバリおそろしいでしょう」 \n> Eh! W-what a.. ,I, I such a ... ????\n\nI'm not familiar with the word おそろしい and I can't work out whether it's used to\nmean 'terrible' or 'frightened'.\n\nDoes 私が go with おそろしい here? Or is 私が just part of the stuttering? i.e. is it\n私がおそろしい = \"I'm frightened\"? I don't know why, but I feel it would be 私はおそろしい\nif this were the case.\n\nOr, is 私が just part of an unfinished sentence, and the main sentence is simply\nおそろしい = \"This (situation/request) is terrible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T13:05:46.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41992",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T14:13:48.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Understanding a broken sentence with stuttering",
"view_count": 113
} | [
{
"body": "In Japanese, the important hints (and often answers) are always in the\npreceding sentences.\n\n「ワ私がそんな」≒「わ、わたしがそんなことできるはずがない」\n\n「そんな **こと** 」, of course, refers to 「ノラ犬{いぬ}を退治{たいじ}する **こと** 」(\"getting rid\nof the wild dog\")\n\n> Does 私 **が** go with おそろしい here?\n\nNo, it does not. It goes with 退治する as I said above.\n\nIf it went with おそろしい, the particle after 「私」 would be 「は」 and not 「が」. \" **\n_Me?_** Out of all these guys?\" is the feeling of 「が」. The second speaker was\nappointed to perform a task; That is a 「が」 kind of situation.\n\nA: 「お前{まえ} **が** 行{い}けよ！」 (\"Why don't **_you_** go?\")\n\nB: 「えっ、オレ **が** ？いやだよ！」 (\" ** _Me?_** No, thanks, man!\")\n\n> is it 私がおそろしい = \"I'm frightened\"?\n\nI am inclined to say no. What is おそろしい would be the task of getting rid of the\nwild dog.\n\nIf it meant \"I'm frightened.\", the speaker would not use 「でしょう」. he would use\n「です」 because he would know for sure that he is frightened.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T14:07:40.753",
"id": "41994",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T14:13:48.617",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-26T14:13:48.617",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "41992",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41992 | 41994 | 41994 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42030",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Which is more normal in Japanese, \"OK\", or \"オーケー\", assuming either of them is\nin common usage?\n\nI tried using the corpus on jisho.org, but the results were messed up by \"OK\"\nappearing in the English version.\n[Tatoeba](http://tatoeba.org/eng/sentences/search?query=%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC&from=jpn&to=eng)\ndidn't get many matches for \"オーケー\", and many of them seemed to be false hits,\nand also got few hits for \"OK\" — is neither form commonly used in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T13:28:58.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41993",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T10:54:38.087",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T10:54:38.087",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"orthography",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Which is more normal, \"OK\" or \"オーケー\"?",
"view_count": 6524
} | [
{
"body": "They are both used commonly and we use either one depending on situation.\nAnyway, they are **both normal**. ~~(I think ok is normal, but this is just an\n** _opinion-based answer_**.)~~\n\n* * *\n\nI searched them with only Japanese pages on Google. The search results:\n\n * OK - 118,000,000\n * オーケー - 2,450,000\n\n(I don't say this has credibility because Ok is including English sites even\nif I enabled that setting...)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T14:19:03.010",
"id": "41995",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T03:28:53.887",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T03:28:53.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "41993",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The term \"OK\" is the casual word so there is no strict usage as far as casual\nusege.\n\n\"OK\" is オーケー and \"オーケー\" is OK!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T09:55:12.993",
"id": "42028",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T09:55:12.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19219",
"parent_id": "41993",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I assume by \"normal in Japanese\" you mean in writing, because \"OK\" can only be\nwritten Japanese.\n\nI think this is best answered by a corpus search. The National Institute for\nJapanese Language and Linguistics provides an annotated version of the\nBalanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, giving the following\nresults:\n\n> 4241 results in total\n>\n> * OK \n> 3849 results (91%)\n> * オーケー \n> 200 results (5%)\n> * オッケー \n> 100 results (2%)\n> * オーケイ \n> 43 results (1%)\n> * おｋ \n> 38 results (1%)\n> * オッケ \n> 8 results\n> * おーけー \n> 3 results\n>\n\nTo do this yourself, go to <http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp/search/>, search for\n`オーケー` taking you to <http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp/headword/N.00969/>; go to the\n`基本` tab and expand `書字形`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T10:53:35.227",
"id": "42030",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T10:53:35.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "41993",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 41993 | 42030 | 42030 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Without context... 選んだこと would either mean\n\n> 1. The thing I chose\n> 2. The event of choosing\n>\n\nIf the verb is intransitive, it will yield the 2nd meaning. Also the \"thing\"\nhere is something intangible and abstract.\n\nSo I would like to have some tips in distinguishing both.\n\nA : 昨日のパーティは楽しかった\n\nB : 選んだことは面白くなかったのに\n\nDoes B imply that \"choosing the party was not interesting\" or \"the event that\n(I) chose was not interesting\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T16:10:55.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "41997",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T16:51:49.047",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-26T16:26:44.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "15891",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "(Verb + こと) = \"The thing I did\" vs \"Doing\"",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "It is close to B.\n\nHowever 選んだこと implies it happened sometime in a while ago, which we can\nclassify as Experience. Just as Have + P.P in English.\n\nSo I may consider it as follows :\n\n> 3. The event of having chosen.\n>\n\np.s. Even if your sentence is correct in grammar, conversation itself is not\nnatural as a whole to my eyes, in other words, not usual colloquial for\nJapanese natives.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T16:28:24.937",
"id": "41998",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T16:33:54.263",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-26T16:33:54.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "6941",
"owner_user_id": "6941",
"parent_id": "41997",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 41997 | null | 41998 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42002",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 大臣認定に係る性能評価は、申請材料の仕様に対する評価であるため、「商品名」は記載しない でください。\n\nDoes in this case 「X であるため」 mean \"for X\" (in the sense of \"when doing X\")\nrather than \"due to\"? Here's my attempt:\n\n> According to the quality evaluation approved by the minister, for the\n> evaluation of the specifications of the requested materials, don't write the\n> \"trade name\".\n\nAlso, could you check the rest of my translation? I'm not sure about the value\nof the first 「は」 which I translated as \"according to\". Thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T16:40:32.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42000",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T17:04:17.117",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-26T16:48:21.057",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Does であるため mean \"due to\" or \"for\" in this sentence?",
"view_count": 441
} | [
{
"body": "Here, \"ため\" in \"であるため\" means \"because.\"\n\nI'm not 100% sure as the context is not clear, but it is likely that the\nsentence has the following structure:\n\n> (大臣認定に係る性能評価は、申請材料の仕様に対する評価である)ため、「商品名」は記載しない でください。\n\nSo the role of \"は\" is simply a subject marker.\n\nNow the whole translation would be:\n\n> Since the quality evaluation _related to_ approval by the minister is an\n> evaluation of the specifications of the applied materials, do not write the\n> \"trade name\".\n\nSo roughly speaking, this is saying that the evaluation is not for a product\nbut for materials used for it.\n\nAn additional note is that I translated \"係る\" to \"related to\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T17:04:17.117",
"id": "42002",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T17:04:17.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "42000",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 42000 | 42002 | 42002 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42008",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having a bad time with this expression:\n\n> 何と言えばいいのかわからない\n\nI kind of know what it means after a long time spent searching on the\nInternet, but I just can't grasp how this expression works on a grammar point\nof view.\n\nWhy the conditional? Does the literal translation is something around the\nlines of \"If I say something, is it OK? I don't know...\" meaning \"I don't know\nwhat to say\"? Or is it something like \"What is something good to say? I don't\nknow...\" but if that's the case, why 言えば and not 言う?\n\nEdit: is it something like: \n言えば : if I say... \n何といいのか : what is good? (If I say) \nわからない: I don't know...\n\nEven if it's correct can somebody confirm it? (Or denies)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T19:16:29.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42004",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-07T22:09:03.200",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-07T22:09:03.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "19214",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "How 「何と言えばいいのかわからない」 works",
"view_count": 335
} | [
{
"body": "言えばいいのか can be translated into a part of \" **I don't know what would be good\nto say** \"\n\n> would be good to say '=. 言えばいいのか\n\nDifference between ENG and JPN is ENG puts conditional statement on \"state\"\nwhile JPN puts conditional statement on \"motion\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T21:52:07.100",
"id": "42008",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T21:52:07.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "6941",
"parent_id": "42004",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 42004 | 42008 | 42008 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42007",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "以下のところで、「リエゾン」の妙な使い方を見つけました。\n\n> 「なんかってけっかる！」\n>\n>\n> と叫んだ。これは、なに吐{ぬ}かしてけっかるというべきところを、昂奮{こうふん}したために撥音便{はつおんびん}やらリエゾンやらが一度に作用してしまったのである。彼はもう一度くりかえした。\n>\n> 「なんかってけっかる！」\n\nーー「日本三文オペラ」、１９２頁\n\n複数の辞書を引いても、\"liaison\"の定義しか出ません。が、明らかに、そういった意味で使われていません。とすると、どういうことを指しているのですか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T20:13:03.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42005",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T04:43:49.387",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T04:39:55.053",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3131",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "「リエゾン」に、さらなる意味が？",
"view_count": 269
} | [
{
"body": "リエゾン = 音と音のつながり. \nLiaison is a term in phonetics describing a phenomenon when multiple sounds\nget linked together.\n\nExample usage (from\n<http://www.liaisonbox.com/archives/2005/09/post_16.html>):\n\n> 「しっとリッチ」、別項で取り上げた「こんがりっち製法」と同じ作りですね。この「『り』で終わる形容詞＋リッチ」というリエゾンの特徴を考えると、\n>\n> * 「り」の２文字前には促音便「っ」とか撥音便「ん」が来ることが多い。「○っ○リッチ」「○ん○リッチ」\n> * 音が「タッカタッカ」とスキップしているようで非常にリズムがいい。\n> * カタカナの「リ」とひらがなの「り」がよく似てるので見た目もつながりがいい。\n>\n\n>\n> といったものがあげられます。",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T21:46:08.873",
"id": "42007",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T04:43:49.387",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4803",
"parent_id": "42005",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "先ず、確認しておきたいのは、「なんかってけっかる」とは、例え口語であっても通常は聞かれないフレーズであるという事実です。引用文中にあるように、興奮した人物が発したセンテンスであるということがポイントとなります。\n\nこうした状況で発せられた言葉を、文法的、言語学的に分析するには限界がありますし、分析以前の問題として、読者たち自身もそこに「真面目な」な分析を求めているとは考えにくいと思われます。この作品は小説であり、語学の専門書ではないのです。\n\n従って、作者はユーモアを交えた独自の「分析」をここで試みていると、個人的には考えます。「撥音便」、「リエゾン」といった専門用語を敢えて使用することにより、そのユーモアとしての効果を一段と高めていると捉えてみてはいかがでしょうか。\n\n「撥音便」はフレーズ中に実際に使用されていますが、「リエゾン」と呼べるものが使用されているとは言い難いのが事実です。語感として重みのある両単語が、作者がここで目的とするユーモアに権威を与えているというのが、私個人の「真面目な分析」です。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-26T23:24:03.567",
"id": "42009",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-26T23:24:03.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "42005",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 42005 | 42007 | 42009 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42088",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "From Death Note episode 1:\n\n> 僕はすでに、死神のノートを、現実だと疑ってなかったが... こうしていろんな事を直視することで、 ますます確信を持って行動できる\n\nThis is translated in the English subtitles as:\n\n> I didn't think the Shinigami's Notebook was real... but after seeing its\n> results, I can act with certainty.\n\nThe first part of the sentence seems to be backwards...\n\n> 現実だと疑ってなかった\n\nMeans literally:\n\n> did not doubt it is reality\n\nSo, the whole thing should be:\n\n> I did not doubt the Shinigami (Death God)'s Notebook was real... etc.\n\nAm I correct?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T01:12:30.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42010",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-29T02:29:54.893",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T03:45:53.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "13634",
"owner_user_id": "13634",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation"
],
"title": "Is this translation correct?",
"view_count": 344
} | [
{
"body": "I might be wrong but here is how I would translate it.\n\n> I was not doubting the existence of the death note, but after seeing it in\n> action with my own eyes, I can start acting with conviction(about using the\n> death note for his plans.)\n\nIt does seems like the translation is quite backward. But people who do\nsubtitles usually are like that. Interpreting everything in their own words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T02:23:09.920",
"id": "42012",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T02:23:09.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "42010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Not that I was questioning whether Shinigami's Notebook was real before, but\nnow seeing that it is actually working I can start acting confidently.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T04:02:21.297",
"id": "42015",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T04:02:21.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4803",
"parent_id": "42010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "You are correct!\n\n> 僕はすでに、死神のノートを、現実だと疑ってなかったが...\n\nmeans\n\n> (For some reason,) I have already believed the death note is real, ...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T09:46:48.787",
"id": "42027",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T10:34:58.153",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T10:34:58.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "19219",
"parent_id": "42010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
},
{
"body": "You're right. The translation in the subtitles is incorrect.\n\nMaybe you could interpret it this way:\n\n> 「僕はすでに、死神のノートを、『現実だ』と **信じて** 疑ってなかったが・・・」 \n> 「僕はすでに、死神のノートを、『現実だ』と **思って** 疑ってなかったが・・・」\n\nLiterally: \"I had already believed (by then; before いろんな事を直視する) that\nShinigami's notebook was real and never doubted.\" \"I was already not doubting,\nbelieving that Shinigami's notebook was real.\"\n\n「 **ますます** 確信を持って」 \"with **more** certainty\" also shows that the speaker was\nalready certain.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-29T02:31:51.697",
"id": "42088",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-29T02:31:51.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "42010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "And a lot of us are confused too (I’m Japanese.) And now there I've found this\nanswer here:\n\nThe translation is like following:\n\n> I didn’t doubt \"LIKE\" this note is real. But after seeing its results, I can\n> act with certainty.\n\nSo IF you translate, I didn’t doubt THAT this note is real, which could\nmislead you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-10-28T22:16:09.690",
"id": "90941",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-29T02:29:54.893",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-29T02:29:54.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "48564",
"parent_id": "42010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 42010 | 42088 | 42012 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42116",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm having a hard time trying to get the meaning of 範囲等の申請範囲 in the following\nsentence. Context: instruction on how to fill in a form to apply for quality\nevaluation of wood materials.\n\n> 青色で囲っている部分は、各材料のバリ エーション、数値の公差、範囲等の申請範囲を示す部分です。\n\nWhy the repetition of 範囲? What is the value of 等? Here is my bad attempt:\n\n> The section circled in blue is where the write each material variation,\n> numerical value of tolerance and _requested range of scope_.\n\nAlso, the meaning of 申請 it is not so clear to me. Could it refer to someone\nthat requested the quality evaluation (for example a company)? Thank you for\nyour help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T03:20:13.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42013",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-30T02:41:42.350",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-28T00:24:31.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"lexicalization"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 範囲等の申請範囲 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "I think there are two separate ranges/scopes (範囲) here - first one belongs to\na noun 数値 and is a part of enumeration: tolerance, range, etc. - therefore the\n等 right after the first occurrence of 範囲. Basically this part lists\nobjects/concepts being measured/evaluated.\n\nThe second occurrence is a separate concept： 申請範囲 - it is a set of\nrequirements that should be fulfilled (E.g. in a form of acceptable ranges).\n\nSo you seem to have 数値の範囲 and 申請範囲, meaning there is no repetition, at least\nnot of a semantical type.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T03:53:27.833",
"id": "42014",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T03:53:27.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4803",
"parent_id": "42013",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I've found the original article in Japanese at the URL of General Building\nResearch Corporation of Japan (GBRC).\n\"青色で囲っている部分は、各材料のバリエーション、数値の公差、範囲等の申請範囲を示す部分です.\" This sentence is ambiguous\neven for Japanese natives. I'd like to rewrite it to be more clear. \"申請範囲\"\nshoulde be \"申請事項.\" Or \"青色で囲っている部分は、各材料のバリエーション、数値の公差、範囲等の申請事項を示す部分です.\" \"等\" of\n\"範囲等\" means \"application scope, etc.\" Or the applicatio form requires\n(includes) \"variations of materials, tolerance of size (it would be expressed\nin numerical value.) and the scope of services by GBRC the applicant want to\nhave. I've not read all of the GBRC web site, but I guess there could be\nseveral services like \"Express\" and \"Standard\" or \"free\" and \"charged.\" So the\napplicant should specify clearly the service level besides of the evaluation\nscope itself.Then GBRC be able to estimate the cost of the service, and so on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T06:47:55.203",
"id": "42018",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T06:47:55.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19219",
"parent_id": "42013",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> 青色で囲っている部分は、＜｛各材料の①バリエーション、②数値の公差、③範囲、④等(\"etc\")｝の｛申請範囲｝＞を示す部分です。\n\nThe first 範囲 refers to the tolerable _physical_ range of measurement values\naccording to the spec. I'm not sure how バリエーション, 公差 and this 範囲 differ from\nthe professional point of view (they all seems to refer to so-called\n[engineering tolerance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_tolerance)).\nMaybe they wanted to make it very clear by saying similar words three times.\n\nThe second 範囲 in 申請範囲 refers to the extent to which this application form\ncovers. The literal translation of 申請範囲 would be something like \"application\n_scope_ \". Actually I don't see any good reason why they needed to use 範囲\nhere. Using the same word twice with two different meanings is certainly\nannoying, and I feel they could have said 申請内容 or 申請項目 instead without\nchanging the meaning.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-30T02:41:42.350",
"id": "42116",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-30T02:41:42.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "42013",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 42013 | 42116 | 42014 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do you pronounce \"1–10 + some counter\"? I have seen lists of common\ncounters, but they may not contain less common counters, such as ～話 or ～膳.\n\nHow do I know how to count with rare counters?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T06:23:23.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42016",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T16:35:52.120",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T16:35:52.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "19218",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"counters",
"numbers"
],
"title": "How to count with rare counters",
"view_count": 307
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not sure but the following site could be helpful for you.\n\n<http://voicetext.jp/?gclid=CPHXh-mHlNECFcsGKgodhqUMTg>\n\nYou can input Japanese sentence and click the either speaker icon, then you\ncan hear the voice of Japanese. At the top of the site there are language\nselection, so you have to choose Japanese to hear the Japanese speech.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T09:37:17.047",
"id": "42026",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T09:37:17.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19219",
"parent_id": "42016",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Comprehensive information can be found in a dictionary such as 数え方の辞典. (The\nfirst page is quoted in [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/15563/1628).)\n\nBasically, there are three types of numbers used with counters\n\n * いち、に、さん、…\n * ひと、ふた、み、…\n * ワン、ツー、スリー、…\n\nderived from Chinese, native Japanese, or derived from English, respectively.\nThere is no hard rule which to use with a given counter, although as a rule of\nthumb,\n\n * Chinese-derived numbers go with _on'yomi_ counters,\n * native Japanese numbers go with _kun'yomi_ counters,\n * English-derived numbers _may_ be used with counters derived from loanwords\n\nThe rule of thumb applies to ～話 and ～膳 that you mention in your question: both\na _on'yomi_ , both are counted with Chinese-derived numbers.\n\n> 一話【いちわ】、二話【にわ】、… \n> 一膳【いちぜん】、二膳【にぜん】、…\n\nOne word of caution, though: I would say that even with those counters that\nare counted with ひと、ふた、… numbers 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 (and higher) are rarely used\nand Chinese-derived numbers are used instead, i.e. you'd rarely hear 五皿【いつさら】,\neven though it would be 一皿【ひとさら】.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T16:32:30.663",
"id": "42043",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T16:32:30.663",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "42016",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 42016 | null | 42043 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42019",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was learning about 限らない and encounter this particular sentence.\n\n> 社長の意見が必ずしも正しいとは限らない \n>\n\nI'm pretty sure that the meaning would be \n**_\"Manager's opinion is not always right\"_**\n\nBut if I check the dictionary entry for 必ずしも it means _\"not always\"._ \nHow come then 社長の意見が必ずしも正しい means \"Manager's opinion is always correct\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T06:40:17.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42017",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-27T07:16:24.990",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T06:48:21.720",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"adverbs",
"negation",
"polarity-items"
],
"title": "必ずしも within this sentence",
"view_count": 571
} | [
{
"body": "I think that 必ずしも is like 必ず but just used for negative sentences. I am pretty\nsure that 必ずしも **must** be used with a negative verb, which inevitably makes\nit mean \"not always\". It is the fact that it is combined with \"限らない\" that\nmakes it that way, and not by itself.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T06:50:40.513",
"id": "42019",
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{
"body": "I'm a little bit confused, so the following my answers are simple. Correct:\n\"社長の意見が必ずしも正しいとは限らない\" correspond to \"Manager's opinion is not always right.\"\nor \"Company president's opinion is not always right.\" Wrong: \"社長の意見が必ずしも正しい\"\n(This Japanese sentence should be \"社長の意見は必ず正しい\") Correct: \"社長の意見は必ず正しい\"\ncorrespond to \"Manager's opinion always right.\" (I can't agree with this\nopinion!)\n\n\"社長\" means the top management. In Japanese \"管理職（管理者）manager\" means\n\"課長、次長、部長、本部長、取締役、常務取締役、専務取締役、代表取締役社長\" So \"The business term \"Manager\" not\nalways mean the top managemet of the company. It often means middle calss of\nmanagement.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-27T07:16:24.990",
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| 42017 | 42019 | 42019 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> シカゴへ行く(の)ならバスで行ったらどうですか\n\nWhat is the difference between 行く(の)なら and 行けば?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T06:52:20.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42020",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-03-06T06:28:51.197",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 行くなら and 行けば",
"view_count": 1367
} | [
{
"body": "Generally speaking,\n\n> Correct Japanese: （もし）行く（の）なら \n> Correct Japanese: （もし）行けば \n> Correct Japanese: （もし）行くのであれば\n\nThe above short usages are right. However,\n\n> Correct Japanese: （もし）シカゴへ行く（の）なら、バスで行ったらどうですか \n> NOT Correct Japanese: （もし）シカゴへ行けば、バスで行ったらどうですか \n> Correct Japanese: （もし）シカゴへ行くのであれば、バスで行ったらどうですか\n\nInstead of the difference explanation, I'd like to show you the following\nsample sentences. The following three sentences correspond to \"If you follow\nthe instruction\"\n\n> Correct Japanese: （もし）命令に従う（の）なら, \"You have not yet followed the\n> instruction, but if you follow it in the future...\" \n> Correct Japanese: （もし）命令に従えば, \"You don't follow the instruction, but once\n> you follow it, then...\" \n> Correct Japanese: （もし）命令に従うのであれば, \"You have not yet followed the\n> instruction, but if you follow it in the future...\"\n\nThe difference comes from the tense of the situation.\n\n「シカゴへ行く（の）なら」 talks about the future, or you have not arrived at Chicago yet.\n\n「（もし）シカゴへ行けば」 has the sense of complete tense. For example, \"If you come to\nChicago in February 2017, you can meet Mr. Obama.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-27T07:49:55.723",
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| 42020 | null | 42024 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42036",
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"body": "> もっと本を読みなさい \n> Read more books \n> もっと対策をだれか考えてよ \n> Someone think of some more countermeasures\n\nWhen I first learnt もっと it was in the context of modifying a predicate e.g.\nもっと速く = faster. So in the example sentences above I'm unsure whether もっと\nmodifies the noun or the verb. Is it 'read (more books)' or (do more reading)\nof books.\n\nCan もっと mean 'additional' e.g.\n\n> ここにはもっと本がある \n> There are more books here (compared to elsewhere)\n\nI feel this is wrong. I want to write もっと多くの本 or something like that.\n\nBut I also saw this sentence:\n\n> もっとお茶はいかがですか\n\nand I can't see what もっと could be modifying here except 'tea'.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T11:04:07.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42031",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-10-07T03:20:04.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Does もっと act on nouns or predicates or both?",
"view_count": 968
} | [
{
"body": "「もっと」 certainly can modify nouns, but _**not**_ the nouns used in your\nexamples like 「本{ほん}」、「対策{たいさく}」 or 「お茶{ちゃ}」. You are indeed letting the\nEnglish translations get in your way of understanding Japanese on a deeper\nlevel. (You are not the only one who does this, I assure you. I myself did the\nsame when studying English.)\n\nWhile \" _ **Read more books**_.\" may be a valid translation of 「もっと本を読みなさい。」,\nit is not what the Japanese sentence means to us Japanese-speakers. It means \"\n_ **Read books more**_.\" to us. In other words, 「もっと」 modifies the verb\n「読みなさい」, not the noun 「本」.\n\nThe exact same thing can be said about your other sentences. **What word is\nmodifying what word can and should only be determined from the Japanese\noriginal, not from the English translations**.\n\n\"Think of countermeasures more.\" > \"Think of more countermeasures.\"\n\n\"There are books more.\" > \"There are more books\"\n\n, etc.\n\nWhich one of the pair sounds better and/or more natural in English is\ncompletely irrelevant in the discussion of Japanese grammar and vice versa.\nSome things are always lost in translation.\n\nWhat nouns can 「もっと」 modify, then? **Those are the nouns that can be discussed\nin terms of degrees, not in terms of quantities**. Those nouns include\n「右{みぎ}」、「左{ひだり}」、「上{うえ}」、「下{した}」、any one of 「東西南北」, etc. 「もっと右」 = \"further\nright\", 「もっと南」 = \"further south\", etc.\n\nHope you can see the difference between those nouns above and nouns such as\n「本」、「お茶」, etc.\n\n> Can もっと mean 'additional'?\n\nNo, it can't for the reasons I just explained.\n\n> 「ここにはもっと本がある。」\n\n\"There are more books here (compared to elsewhere).\" is just someone's\ntranslation. (Yours?) In the Japanese original, 「もっと」 modifies 「ある」, not 「本」.\n\nFinally, a brief talk on what other things 「もっと」 can modify...\n\n * i-adjectives: 「もっと **かわいい** 子」 (\"a cuter girl\")\n * na-adjectives: 「もっと **きれいな** 子」 (\"a prettier girl\")\n * verbs: 「もっと食{た}べたい」 (\"I want to eat more.\")\n * adverbs: 「もっと **しっかり** 勉強{べんきょう}しなさい。」 (\"Study harder!\")\n\n> 「もっとお茶はいかがですか。」\n\nIn this sentence, 「もっと」 modifies 「いかが」. It can because 「いかが」 is an adverb.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T13:29:54.563",
"id": "42036",
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}
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| 42031 | 42036 | 42036 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What do both translate as and why?\n\n守ってあげる is basically protecting something. The original was 約束守らせて上げられなくて御免なさい\nwhich I basically translated as, I am sorry that I couldn't (be made) to keep\nthe promise I made with/to you/me?!?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T11:57:36.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42034",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-29T02:57:13.140",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-29T02:40:25.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17948",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation"
],
"title": "Difference between 守らせてあげる and 守ってあげる",
"view_count": 447
} | [
{
"body": "私は、あなたに、私を、スズメバチから、守らせてあげる。: I let you protect me from yellow hornets.\n\nThis sentence is right, but I never hear or read this kind of sentence.\nProtection is emergency and serious matter, so almost such situation doesn't\nallow you to have options. The person who can protect you from something bad\nwould be storonger than you.\n\n私は、あなたを、スズメバチから、守ってあげる。：I protect you from yellow hornets.\n\nThis sentence is far more natural. Stronger, elder person than you naturally\ncan say so.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T02:40:37.190",
"id": "42060",
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},
{
"body": "> 約束を守ってあげられなくてごめんなさい。\n\nwould mean \"I'm sorry I can't/couldn't keep my promise (that I made to you),\"\nwhile:\n\n> 約束を守 **らせ** てあげられなくてごめんなさい。\n\nmeans \"I'm sorry I can't/couldn't let you keep your promise (that you made to\nsomeone/me).\"\n\n守らせる is the causative form of 守る. So, in the first sentence the subject of\n約束を守る \"keep a promise\" is the speaker, and in the second sentence it's the\nhearer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-29T02:57:13.140",
"id": "42089",
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}
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| 42034 | null | 42089 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Can someone please help me understand What is the difference between\nによって、次第、and 応じて.\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T12:24:23.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42035",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-28T08:06:03.090",
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"owner_user_id": "19225",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between によって、次第、and 応じて?",
"view_count": 895
} | [
{
"body": "によって is spoken.\n\n次第 is written very formal. I almost never get to use this when it's meaning is\n+- that of によって but i use it all the time to describe a sequence (in sequence,\nin order, in turn) particularly when I'm explaining CPUs to customers.\n\n応じて written, not as formal. As well as 'depends on/depending on' it can also\nmean in proportion to. so 「天気によって・・・」and 「天気に応じて・・・」are kinda like \"depends on\nthe weather\" and \"weather appropriate\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-19T23:17:02.920",
"id": "42691",
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| 42035 | null | 42691 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Is it right to say \"本の持ち主のために。\" or \"本の所有者のために。\"?\n\nI'm envisaging a situation where someone has done a simplified version of\ntheir book on the internet and it says \"For book owners, see page 115 for more\ndetails\".",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T13:42:15.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42037",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-30T00:39:43.517",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-30T00:38:43.097",
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"owner_user_id": "18938",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "For phrase, \"For book owners.\"",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "There is still a lack of context to give a proper answer, but you could try\nsomething in the lines of:\n\n> 本をお持ちの方は、XXページへ",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T01:41:57.940",
"id": "42057",
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{
"body": "Your translation is _not_ correct. In this caser, we never say 〜のために**.\nInstead of it, this is correct:\n\n> 本の所有者/持ち主の方(へ)\n\nBut in this case, we use **polite** words. So I would say:\n\n> * 本をお持ちの皆様、(詳しくは)115ページをご覧ください\n>\n\nお持ち and ご覧ください is polite form (尊敬語).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T07:12:51.597",
"id": "42067",
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"owner_user_id": "14627",
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| 42037 | null | 42067 |
{
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"body": "I'm struggling to understand how I can change the tense of conditional\nsentences.\n\nFor example, if I want to say \"If I were him, I wouldn't say such things\" I\npresume I would say \"もし私が彼だったらあんなことは言わない\". But if I want to say \"If I were\nhim, I wouldn't have said such things\" should I say \"もし私が彼だったらあんなことは言わなかった\" ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T15:23:23.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42038",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-27T15:48:03.967",
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"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Using たら, how do I say \"would have\" instead of \"would\"",
"view_count": 7207
} | [
{
"body": "Based on my understanding (JLPT N2), your suggested sentence\n\"もし私が彼だったらあんなことは言わなかった\" is correct.\n\nAlthough in this case, I would agree with the comment on your OP above (which\nseems to no longer be there, maybe it was deleted) to use なら instead, unless\nthere's a particular reason you want to use たら.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-27T15:38:36.310",
"id": "42040",
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"body": "「あんなことは言{い}わなかった」 would be quite acceptable in non-formal speech. It would\neasily be understood to mean \"I would not have said ~~\" by native speakers\n_**if used in the right context**_.\n\nYou should, however, be at least aware that _**grammatically speaking**_ ,\n「言わなかった」 is only in the simple past tense.\n\nMore formally and/or academically, you can say:\n\n> 「言わなかった **であろう** 」 and its shorter version is:\n>\n> 「言わなかった **だろう** 」\n\nIt is also very natural and common to say:\n\n> 「言わなかったと思{おも}う/思います」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T03:28:53.457",
"id": "42063",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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| 42038 | null | 42063 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42056",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Ok so I think I've typed/spelled that right, but so I came across this phrase\nin a random children's book at a cat cafe I go to frequently. So I know what\nthis means, it's like when you just act all sassy, lift your head dramatically\nto basically tell the other party to f-off as if you don't know them anymore.\n\nBut I could've sworn there is like some equivalent to this in English or at\nleast something reasonably close. For the life of me I cannot really put my\nfinger it, I feel like it's something along the lines of onomatopoeia in\nEnglish as well or something similar to that. The two things my brain keeps\ncoming to are like huff and puff but I feel like that's not even close.\n\nSorry for the vagueness but it's about all I can come up with.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T17:42:09.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42044",
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"owner_user_id": "17915",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Is there an English equivalent to 「ふん」とする",
"view_count": 154
} | [
{
"body": "\"Humph\", \"pish\", etc., perhaps?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T00:51:07.680",
"id": "42056",
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| 42044 | 42056 | 42056 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42054",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 戦術{せんじゅつ}と戦闘{せんとう}どっちも **いける** 奴{やつ}には勝{か}てない。\n\nThe translation of this seems to be\n\n> (He) will not win against someone who can do both strategy and fighting\n\nHowever this is the first I've seen いける used to mean \"can do\". I would have\nunderstood どっちもできる, so am I translating correctly? Else in what context can\none be substituted for the other?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T17:45:52.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42045",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-11T12:44:02.587",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-11T12:44:02.587",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18061",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Use of いける in this sentence",
"view_count": 2478
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation is correct, but I would say that \"(He/you) cannot win\".\n\nIn everyday language I have seen this use of いける way more than once. I would\nsay it feels more natural, while here できる feels more scholastic.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T21:28:20.233",
"id": "42051",
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{
"body": "行{い}ける vs. いける\n\nWhen a common word that is usually written using kanji is written in kana, you\ncan be 99% sure that it is being used for its \"new\" and/or colloquial\n(sometimes slangy) meaning.\n\nSo, 「行ける」 means \"to be able to go\", but 「いける」 means something else. What does\nit mean, then? Let us quote from\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%84%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B-431655#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89).\n\n> 動{どう}カ下一{しもいち}］《行{い}くことができる意{い}から》\n>\n> １ 相当{そうとう}にうまくできる。「歌{うた}だけでなく、踊{おど}りも―・ける」\n>\n> ２ 相当の量{りょう}の酒{さけ}が飲{の}める。「なかなか―・ける口{くち}だ」\n>\n> ３ 飲食物{いんしょくぶつ}の味{あじ}がよく、おいしい。いただける。「ここの料理{りょうり}はちょっと―・ける」\n\nThat briefly translates to:\n\n> 1 To be able to perform quite well\n>\n> 2 To be able to drink in large quantities\n>\n> 3 To taste good. Tasty, delicious.\n\nSo, the word has very positive meanings.\n\n> 「戦術{せんじゅつ}と戦闘{せんとう}どっちもいける奴{やつ}には勝{か}てない。」\n\nthus means:\n\n> \" _ **It is hard to beat a guy who is very good at both strategy and\n> (actual) fighting**_.\"",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-27T23:47:49.803",
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| 42045 | 42054 | 42054 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am new to Japanese and I want to know how to find the differences between\nwords that are pronounced the exact same way. So let's say there was a word in\nHiragana and a word in Katakana, both pronounced the same way. And I was have\na general conversation with a Japanese person, how would we know the\ndifference between them?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T20:19:36.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42047",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"katakana",
"hiragana",
"conversations"
],
"title": "How to know the difference between two words with same pronunciation?",
"view_count": 1201
} | [
{
"body": "Context.\n\nFor example, きかい can mean either \"machine\" (機械) or \"opportunity\" (機会). You can\ncome up with some sort of sentence that includes one of them, and it may be\nambiguous:\n\n> 自己紹介{じこしょうかい}する **きかい** がなかった。\n\nWhen spoken (or written in kana), this sentence can mean one of two things:\n\n * I didn't have a chance to introduce myself.\n * There was no machine that introduces itself.\n\nHopefully it should be obvious which one it is, especially when given a\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-27T20:53:42.590",
"id": "42050",
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{
"body": "If basing the assumption that identical kana means \"pronounced the exact the\nsame way\", hauska tavata!\n\nFor people of less monotone languages than Finnish, in addition to context,\nthey apparently have the tone/intonation. Maybe the most classic example is\nhashi/hashi (the chopsticks vs bridge) which others than Finns I think\nunderstand even without hearing the context.",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 42047 | null | 42050 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42061",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "So, I'm quite a novice, and I'm having some difficulty parsing the sentence:\n\n> 「 夏休{なつやす}みももう終{お}わりだ。」\n\nI \"understand\" it means \"Summer vacation's already over\". I also understand\n夏休み means summer vacation.\n\nAt this point, I am speculating, so please tell me if I make any errors:\nもう終わりだ is equivalent to もう終わりです, which means, it's (already?) over. However, I\nam confused at the use of も as the particle preceding もう終わりです. The only use I\nknow for も is when replacing を or は to signify \"also\".\n\nCould someone please clarify the use of the particle も and the meaning of もう\nin もう終わりだ.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T20:46:52.573",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Particle「も」in the sentence 「夏休みももう終わりだ」。",
"view_count": 895
} | [
{
"body": "It seems to be a sentence used by natives without thinking too much. But if\nyou ask them to explain why it is used that way, you might get various\ninteresting answers.\n\n> 1 - The summer(implied) **and** its vacation are both over.\n\nor\n\n> 2 - It was a nice summer but even such nice summers **too** come to an end.\n\nor my favorite\n\n> 3 - This summer vacation as all the ones before it has **also** come to an\n> end.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-28T02:04:06.633",
"id": "42058",
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{
"body": "> 夏休み **も** もう終わりだ。\n\nAccording to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> も 副助 \n> ⓭ 軽い詠嘆を込めて物事をとりたてる。多く、人為を超えた物事の順当な推移についていう。 \n> 「夜 **も** ふけた」「暮れ **も** おしつまった」「今や春 **も** たけなわ」「ついに夏休み[戦争] **も** 終わった」\n\nSo the も expresses 軽い詠嘆, light exclamation/admiration.\n\n* * *\n\n> もう終わりだ is equivalent to もう終わりです, which means, it's (already?) over.\n\nYou're right. だ/です is a copula. です is the polite version of だ.\n\nもう has several meanings such as \"already\" \"now\" \"soon\" \"shortly\" \"anymore\"\netc., and I think the もう in your example can be \"now\" \"already\" or \"soon\":\n\n> 夏休みも **もう** 終わりだ。 \n> Summer vacation is over now. \n> Summer vacation is already over / has already ended / is already coming to\n> an end. \n> Summer vacation will be over soon.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-28T02:40:44.557",
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{
"body": "> ”夏休みも終わりだ”\n>\n> \"ああ！夏休みも終わりだ\"\n\nThe above two sentences are natural Japanese and have the same meaning.\n\n> \"ああ！夏休みも遂に終わりだ\"\n\nThis one also have the same meaning. \"遂に（ついに）\" is \"at last, or finally\"\n\n> \"夏休みは終わりだ\"\n\nThis sentence shows just the fact, but the sentences with \"も\" convey messages\ncontaining unspoken meanings. It depends on the individuals to feel what kind\nof unspoken meanings. I feel that the speaker fell in love during the summer\nvacation but he (or she) lost it.\n\n> \"Mr. Trump will be the president of the US at last. The world will be\n> brought to ruin.\"\n>\n> \"遂にトランプが合衆国大統領になる。世界も終わりだ\"\n\nThe usage \"も\" in this kind of situation is one of the most difficult Japanese\nlanguage usage. The clear explanation is difficult.\n\nWith the sentence \"世界も終わりだ,\" I feel not just the world in general but various\naspects like economy, climate and race issue, etc. will be brought to ruin.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 42048 | 42061 | 42061 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42052",
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"body": "I could not understand ていた right after 晴れ in the sentence below.\n\n> 海岸に行った時、とてもよく晴れ **ていた** んです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-27T20:50:10.673",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"tense",
"aspect"
],
"title": "What does ていた mean?",
"view_count": 226
} | [
{
"body": "ていた doesn't mean anything on itself, because it's a part of conjugation:\n\n * 晴れる{はれる} - the verb - which means roughly \"to become clear\" (as in clear weather).\n * 晴れて{はれて} - verb's te-form\n * て+いる - a grammar form for continuous action\n * て+いた - continuous action in the past\n\nCombined, 晴れていた means \"it was sunny\" or \"the skies were clear\".",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-27T21:42:39.180",
"id": "42052",
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| 42049 | 42052 | 42052 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42068",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following sentence:\n\n> (1)、(2)のうち、いずれか一仕様とする\n\nAfter the sentence there are two options listed. From the context (a guide on\nhow to fill in a form to request quality evaluation) I understood that the\nmeaning is something like \"Choose one specification between (1) and (2)\".\nLooking it up on google I found out that it's a fixed expression often used in\nforms (see\n[here](https://www.google.it/search?q=%E3%81%84%E3%81%9A%E3%82%8C%E3%81%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%95%E6%A7%98%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B&oq=%E3%81%84%E3%81%9A%E3%82%8C%E3%81%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%95%E6%A7%98%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B&aqs=chrome..69i57.86255j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=%22%E3%81%84%E3%81%9A%E3%82%8C%E3%81%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%95%E6%A7%98%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%22)).\nWhat I don't understand is:\n\n1) why the verb used is simply する and not a specific one indicating a choice\n(like 選ぶ or 選択する)?\n\n2) why is the dictionary form of the verb used and not the -てください form or\nsomething similar to express a request?\n\nThank you for your help!\n\nEDIT: for more context, this is the instruction on how to fill the section in\nquestion: 申請仕様が複数存在する場合は、「(＊)～(＊)のうち、いずれか一仕様とする」と表記して下さい。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-27T23:35:05.360",
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"id": "42053",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Grammatical explanation of 「X～Yのうち、いずれか一仕様とする」 expression",
"view_count": 683
} | [
{
"body": "> 1) why the verb used is simply する and not a specific one indicating a choice\n> (like 選ぶ or 選択する)?\n\nBecause 「する」, all by itself, has the meaning of \" ** _to decide by\nselecting_** \".\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%82%BA%E3%82%8B-544032#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\nsays the following:\n\n> ㋕…であると判断をくだす。みなす。また、 **決定する** 。 **選んでそれに決める** 。\n>\n> 「まあ、これでよしとしよう」「友をよき競争相手とする」「出場を取りやめにする」「私は、コーヒーにする」\n\nMoving on...\n\n> 2) why is the dictionary form of the verb used and not the -てください form or\n> something similar to express a request?\n\nEasy. That is because it is not a request to begin with. Re-read your own\nEDIT. 「(＊)～(＊)のうち、いずれか一仕様とする」 is what your company will be stating to the\nMinistry, which is why it says 「(＊)～(＊)のうち、いずれか一仕様とする」 **と表記して下さい** 。.\n\n「表記してください」 is what the Ministry is asking you to do and it is already in the\n\"request\" form.\n\nThe dictionary form is VERY often used to talk about (near) future, as I hope\nyou know.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-28T08:50:45.380",
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| 42053 | 42068 | 42068 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42065",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw a disclaimer at the bottom of a tourist brochure about ryokans, which in\nEnglish was \"The photo on this page is an image\", and in Japanese\n\"掲載の写真はイメージです。\" At the end of the brochure, they had \"Photos shown in the\ncatalog are images to give an example.\" and \"掲載されている写真はイメージです。\"\n\nWhat is the meaning of イメージ in this context? Saying that a photo is an image\nis tautological, so does it mean that it's something like an artist's\nimpression, as opposed to something you're guaranteed to get?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T04:49:01.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42064",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-12-28T05:16:58.610",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"translation",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Meaning of イメージ in context of disclaimer",
"view_count": 1482
} | [
{
"body": "Your understanding is correct. For example, in\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/15070/meaning/m0u/> イメージ is explained as\n\n> 心に思い浮かべる像や情景。\n\nPrimary meaning of イメージ is an imaginary figure you'll have in your mind.",
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"creation_date": "2016-12-28T05:04:49.457",
"id": "42065",
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},
{
"body": "Japanese use \"イメージ(image)\" as \"things look just like the real thing.\"\n\nThere are plenty of \"イメージ(images)\" in Japan. Especially you can find a lots of\n\"イメージ 映像（あるいは写真）\" illustrating the effectness of medicine. It uses computer\ngraphics making consumer have good impression or understanding about the\nproducts.\n\nYes, it's just a Japanese-English. A English word being used for commercial\nillustration use in Japan. Or we Japanese can say \"image\" of real English.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-28T06:19:39.463",
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| 42064 | 42065 | 42065 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42071",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**Edit: added previous context**\n\nMaruko has just asked grandad if he would save her from a wild dog. Grandad is\nscared but doesn't want to say 'no' to Maruko.\n\nI thought my problem was only with the last sentence, but now I'm confused\nabout who said the penultimate sentence too.\n\n> 「まる子、おじいちゃんを混乱させるのはおよしなさい」 \n> Mum: Maruko, please stop confusing grandad \n> 「でもおじいちゃんの意見をききたいんだもん」 \n> Maruko: But I want to hear grandad's opinions \n> 見ると、友蔵(grandad)は「わしは...わしは...」とうなだれた姿で、さらに深みに入りこんでいた。 \n> Narrator: When she saw the figure of grandad hanging his head and saying\n> \"I..I...\" she probed more deeply. ( **who is she?** ) \n> 「こらっ、もういいの。おじいちゃん、もう考え込まないでくださいよ」 \n> ??: Hey! Enough of this! Think harder. \n> 質問をしただけなのに、おかあさんに「こらっ」 **なんて** 怒られる筋合いはないとまる子が思った瞬間、おばあさんがとりなすように言った。 \n> Narrator: Even though it was just a question, the moment Maruko thought\n> that there was no reason to get scolded by mum for saying a thing like こらっ,\n> grandma intervened.\n\nThis is my translation attempt. I have two problems:\n\n1) The なんて particle seems to cover a multitude of confusion here. For starters\nI guess it's replacing the quote particle と and there's an implied 言う. But\nsecondly, it must be replacing something that gives the meaning of 'for'. I\ncan't fill in the blanks here because I don't know how to say 'get scolded\n**for** a given reason'.\n\n2) It isn't logically consistent. If Maruko didn't see a reason to be scolded\nwhy did grandma need to intervene?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-28T12:10:34.840",
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"id": "42070",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "How to express the reason for scolding someone",
"view_count": 268
} | [
{
"body": "You're confused as to who says 「こら」. It's not Maruko, but it's her mother.\nBesides, こら is not a word that a little girl (that Maruko is) would say (at\nleast in the presence of her parents.)\n\nMaruko asks a question, and her mother responds with こらっ and nothing else and\nthen we're at the current sentence.\n\n> 質問をしただけなのに、\n\n\"I only asked a question\"\n\n> おかあさんに「こらっ」なんて怒られる\n\n\"Yet mother became angry at me, saying こらっ\"\n\n> 筋合いはない\n\n\"She had no right to do that\"\n\n> とまる子が思った\n\n\"or so Maruko thought\"\n\n> 瞬間、\n\n\"at the moment Maruko thought so\"\n\n> おばあさんがとりなすように言った。\n\n\"Grandma intervened thus\"\n\nなんて is a particle expressing Maruko's disbelief, that she got shouted at even\nthough she only asked a question. It replaces と but I don't think there's\nanything left unsaid. The mother shouted at Maruko but neglected to give a\nreason Maruko could understand. Grandma, however, is irritated by the mother's\nこら and is intervening.\n\n> _\" I only asked a question, yet I got scolded for no reason I can see.\" The\n> moment Maruko finished her thought, Grandma intervened_ (by saying something\n> you aren't showing us.)\n\n* * *\n\nI must say that I don't quite understand the context so I'm a bit out on a\nlimb here (so someone correct me if I'm wrong), but your translation of the\nprevious sentences has a few issues too.\n\n> 見ると、友蔵(grandad)は「わしは...わしは...」とうなだれた姿で、さらに深みに入りこんでいた。\n>\n> Narrator: When she saw the figure of grandad hanging his head and saying\n> \"I..I...\" she probed more deeply. (who is she?)\n\n_\" Who is she?\"_ Well, it's granddad that's the subject of the second half of\nthe sentence.\n\n\"When she (Maruko) looked at granddad again, he was hanging his head and was\ngoing deeper in (into paralysis/thought)\"\n\n> 「こらっ、もういいの。おじいちゃん、もう考え込まないでくださいよ」\n>\n> ??: Hey! Enough of this! Think harder.\n\nMother (to Maruko): \"Hey, enough of this!\"\n\nMother (to Granddad): \"Snap out of it (stop thinking)!\"",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-28T12:24:47.800",
"id": "42071",
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"owner_user_id": "6820",
"parent_id": "42070",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 42070 | 42071 | 42071 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42176",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "At first, I thought the answer was simply that you can only use だそうです (because\nthat's all I have ever seen), but today I read the entry for そう in the\n_Handbook of Japanese Grammar_ (1940s) by Henderson\n([PDF](https://ia800402.us.archive.org/6/items/HandbookOfJapaneseGrammarHaroldG.HendersonUniversityPress/HandbookOfJapaneseGrammar.pdf)\nvia arxiv.org) and was surprised to see that the author listed both きれい **な**\nそうです and きれい **だ** そうです as ways of saying \"They say (she) is beautiful.\" He\nwent on to say that it would be unusual to hear such a soft sentence as\n\"きれいなそうな\" in Tokyo, at least used by men. He didn't elaborate much, however.\nThis same book said that the word is often written as さう (I believe this is\nobsolete today) and mentioned that it is an abbreviation of さよう.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WW5gx.png)\n\nIs \"きれいなそうです\" correct, or perhaps an outdated usage of the form, or is the\nauthor mistaken? Could anyone shed some light on this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T12:44:32.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42072",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-01T18:09:11.333",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-28T16:32:08.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "19239",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"copula"
],
"title": "Can one say なそうです instead of だそうです when expressing hearsay?",
"view_count": 500
} | [
{
"body": "As a native speaker, 綺麗なそうです, 静かなそうです, 下手なそうです etc. doesn't sound wrong and\ndoes sound softer. E.g. one could accuse some third party by saying 簡単 **だそう**\nです, implying the third party is wrong. 簡単 **なそう** です is harder to say in an\naccusational way IMO.\n\nAs to how often it's used, I'd say much less than だそうです. Whether it used to be\nmore common before I don't know but `〜なそうな` is used as a cliche when the\nlanguage is intentionally being made archaic, like when old fairy tales are\ntold (e.g. 日本昔話). I'm also not sure if the gender is a factor.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-01T18:09:11.333",
"id": "42176",
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"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "42072",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 42072 | 42176 | 42176 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42074",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As far as I understand the scentence below it means that it is necessary to\ntake a break after 15 miutes of using a smartphone and other similar devices.\n\nBut with what purpose is 家 used there?\n\nスマートフォンなどを１５分使ったあとは休むと **家** で決めることが必要です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T14:17:20.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42073",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-28T14:51:50.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 家 in this context?",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "The meaning of \"家で\" here is as simple as \"at home\". It might also have the\nnuance of \"in a family\".\n\nIt seems that the sentence is on the context of discipline of children. Here\n\"決める\" is \"make it a rule\" rather than simply \"decide\". So \"家で決める\" is \"make it\na rule at home\"; that is, \"make it a rule as a part of home discipline\".\n\nSo the whole sentence is advising us to teach children to take a break after\n15 minutes of using a smartphone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T14:42:39.543",
"id": "42074",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-28T14:51:50.110",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-28T14:51:50.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "17890",
"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "42073",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 42073 | 42074 | 42074 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42087",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> おとうさん、何も起こってない **うちから** わざわざ断言することないでしょ。 \n> Dad, I don't think there's any special need to state _your opinions_\n> **when?** nothing is happening/has happened.\n\nI see うちに used to mean 'while'. This is the first time I've seen うちから. What's\nthe difference in meaning/nuance between these?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-28T15:45:19.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42075",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-23T02:37:50.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Difference between うちに and うちから",
"view_count": 1275
} | [
{
"body": "There is a difference in meaning and usage between 「うちに」 and 「うちから」.\n\n> 「Situation + うち **に** + Action」= \"to complete an action _**while**_ a\n> certain situation is in progress\"\n>\n> 「Situation + うち **から** + Action」 = \"to perform an action _**before**_\n> something happens\"\n\n「うちから」 generally implies the speaker's opinion/judgement that it is a bit too\nearly to perform the action. It has a negative vibe to it.\n\n「うちに」, however, is more neutral as far as the positive or negative\nconnotations it creates.\n\n> 「おとうさん、何も起こってないうちからわざわざ断言することないでしょ。」\n\nthus means:\n\n> \"Dad, you don't have to go out of your way to declare that before it\n> happens, do you?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-29T02:06:17.983",
"id": "42087",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-29T02:06:17.983",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "42075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "I don't think the accepted answer is accurate enough. My answer covers broader\naspects of these two words, too.\n\nFirst notice 「に」 creates a general adverbial phrase, while 「から」 means \"since\"\nor \"(starting) from\", so\n\n * 「○○ (a clause) 内に(うちに)」 means \"while ○○ is still the case\", and\n * 「○○内から(うちから)」 means \"starting from when ○○ is the case\".\n\n(For searchability, I here use both 平仮名 and 漢字 forms.)\n\nPractically, 「内に」 is often used when the current situation is good, and it is\nlikely to be lost. 「彼がこっちに居る内に」implies \"It'd be too late if it's after he has\nleft\". Thus there can be the speaker's opinion / judgment in 「内に」.\n\nBut there's also other cases. 「熱い内に触っちゃった」 means \"I mistakenly touched it\nwhile it was still too hot\".\n\nSimilarly to my first example, 「うちから」 often implies 'it may seem too early'.\n「晴れている内から始めておこうと思う」 = I'm going to begin it while it is still sunny (to be\nproactive, though it can perhaps be later.) 「業績が良いように思われていた内から、実は財務状況は最悪だった」 =\n\"As early as that time when people thought that their performance was good,\nbut in fact the finance was already terrible.\" (Notice I attached \"already\" to\nthe second clause, rather than putting \"still\" instead to the first clause.\nSuch phenomenon is common in translation.)\n\nIn the sentence of your question, she is angry, because Dad's assertion was\n_indeed too early_ (so in fact groundless), when nothing has happened yet.\n\nBTW your translation of 「わざわざ」 is more natural than \"go out of your way\" in\nthe accepted answer.\n\nSometimes 「うちに」and「うちから」 can be interchanged: 「晴れている内 **に** 始めておくべきだった」 means\nexactly the same as 「内から」, but not always. 「うちから」 is leaned toward starting,\nand can never be used with termination. 「今の内に終わらせる」 can not be rephrased as\n\"今の内「から」終わらせる\".\n\nThe examples of 「おとうさん...」「業績が...」can not be used with 「うちに」, but why? It's\ndifficult to answer, and I have to admit the following explanation is not good\nenough, but うちに seems to mean perfection, (rather than completion.) 「今の内に始める」\nmeans \"I will have begun it soon\". Yes, it's unnatural as English, but not\nwrong either. It becomes clearer IMO if you shift it to the past conditional:\n朝の内に始めれば良かった = I should have begun it in the morning. (Looks like past\n_perfect_.)\n\nIn addition to their conjunction uses, there's also 「noun + の + うちに / うちから」\nforms. Top common uses are 今の / 今日の / 朝の + うちに / うちから。\n\nOne more difference is that 「うちから」as a conjunction sounds a little old-\nfashioned - Your citation has 昭和 era taste (added with its \"too feminine\"\ndiscourse.) Today more ordinary phrasing will be\n「まだ何も起こっていないのに、わざわざ断言することないでしょ!」「業績が良いと思われていた時には既に」 OTOH 「nounの内から」is common.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2023-06-23T02:37:50.293",
"id": "100045",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-23T02:37:50.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "56839",
"parent_id": "42075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 42075 | 42087 | 42087 |
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