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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "What is the difference between these two terms for the word «mother»?\n\n * おかあさん\n * ははおや\n\nIs there a difference in politeness/register in addressing someone, our some\nother form of difference between these two?\n\nMy dictionary also lists:\n\n * はは\n * かあさん\n * ははのみこと\n\nas being in current usage.\n\nAlso, I cannot figure out why katakana, which is usually used for foreign\nwords, would also be used for two forms of mother, as listed in my dictionary,\nas follows (please note, I couldn't get my input method on my Android keyboard\nto input the first of these in katakana as in the dictionary, perhaps someone\ncan tell me how to do it).\n\n * おもに\n * ママン\n\nREFERENCE:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/i6KVm.jpg)\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T05:16:42.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39944",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-14T10:24:55.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"politeness",
"word-requests",
"word-usage",
"register"
],
"title": "Difference between おかあさん and ははおや",
"view_count": 730
} | [
{
"body": "I think the relationship between お母さん and 母親 is like that of _mom_ and\n_mother_ , in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T06:53:52.493",
"id": "39949",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "You can translate お母さん and 母親 to _mother_ and _mom_.\n\n* * *\n\nI have never heard オモニ and 母の命... オモニ is Korean. \nAnd I hardly use ママン. It would be better if you used お母さん, 母親, or ママ.\n\n# For example:\n\n> * お母さんは[既]{すで}にお[婆]{ばあ}さんになった。 - My mother has become an old lady.\n> * お母さんと[一緒]{いっしょ} - My mother and I together.\n> * There is a TV program called\n> [おかあさんといっしょ](http://www.nhk.or.jp/kids/program/okaasan.html) in Japan.\n>",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T09:22:22.480",
"id": "39952",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-14T06:34:15.203",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-14T06:34:15.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "39944",
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},
{
"body": "お母さん (okaasan) is the polite form of \"mother\". You use it to address your own\nmother or when talking about the mothers of other people.\n\n母親 or just 母 (haha) is the plain form of \"mother\". You use it to be humble\nwhen talking about your own mother to other people, or when politeness is not\nnecessary.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T09:43:39.347",
"id": "39953",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T09:43:39.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39944",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "The main difference is that you can't use はは to talk about someone else's\nmother. I think you must use お母さん in that case. Usually Japanese people call\ntheir mothers おかあさん when they talk to them directly. はは is used to talk about\nyour mother to other people.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T21:38:02.410",
"id": "39974",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-14T06:35:58.577",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-14T06:35:58.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18135",
"parent_id": "39944",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39944 | null | 39949 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39946",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Saka as in 酒場{さかば} or zaka as in 居酒屋{いざかや}\n\nSake as in 酒{さけ}",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T05:19:51.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39945",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T08:01:06.377",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-13T05:31:45.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "17997",
"owner_user_id": "17997",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "When is 酒 pronounced sake and when is it pronuounced saka? And why?",
"view_count": 173
} | [
{
"body": "The difference between さか and ざか is just one of rendaku, which I think is well\ndiscussed here: [Rules or criteria for 連濁: Voiced or unvoiced syllables in\ncompound words](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2526/rules-or-\ncriteria-for-%E9%80%A3%E6%BF%81-voiced-or-unvoiced-syllables-in-compound-\nwords)\n\nThe reason that 酒{さけ} becomes 酒{さか} in some cases is not really directly\nrelated to rendaku（連濁）rather this is called ten'on（転音）.\n\nJust as a short answer, some words, when part of a compound word, will have a\nchange in the vowel sound of the final syllable/mora.\n\nThis change seems to sometimes carry the implication of「何々 **の為の** 何々」.\n\n> え turning into あ:\n\n * 酒{さけ}の場{ば} ⇒ 酒場{さかば} \n * 手{て}の綱{つな} ⇒ 手綱{たづな}\n * 雨{あめ}の戸{と} ⇒ 雨戸{あまど}\n\n> い turning into う\n\n * 神{かみ}の主{ぬし} ⇒ 神主{かむぬし} ⇒ 神主{かんぬし}\n * 口{くち}の輪{わ} ⇒ 轡{くつわ}\n\n> い turning into お\n\n * 木の陰 木陰\n\nYou can see other examples here:\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12109076097>\n\nThe best Japanese reference I can find that really concisely outlines what's\ngoing on with さけ・ざけ・さか・ざか is this one here:\n[http://www.nihongokyoshi.co.jp/manbow/manbow.php?id=845&TAB=2](http://www.nihongokyoshi.co.jp/manbow/manbow.php?id=845&TAB=2)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T05:36:51.517",
"id": "39946",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 39945 | 39946 | 39946 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39993",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I am learning Japanese, and need to enter romaji into my keyboard to enter\nJapanese into documents and tables on my smartphone.\n\nMy textbook shows ī as the only romaji that can be spelled as a double ii.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kezUa.jpg)\n\nIs this a commonplace romaji writing convention, and if so, then why is this?\n\nEDIT:\n\nWould I be right in saying that it is because the alphabetical combinations いい\noccur in Japanese (words), whereas ああ, うう, ええ, おお do not?",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T06:01:03.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39947",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-12T20:43:35.733",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-08T01:19:48.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kana",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "Why ī is the only romaji that can be spelled as a double ii",
"view_count": 3770
} | [
{
"body": "There are several kinds of romanizations, each with its own set of rules.\nThose rules were decided by whoever designed that romanization. \nSo if you ask the reasons for a certain romanization... who knows? Probably\nonly the creator of that romanization knows the reason.\n\nBut I have a guess: I think ii is listed just because i and ī are too similar\nand difficult to tell apart. \nSo in order to avoid confusion they may use ii instead of ī.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T13:24:08.473",
"id": "39991",
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
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"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "( Maybe someone said this in the comment already. )\n\nI think it's because (the long vowel) いい appears in regular words, as --\nかわいい、いいこと、いいます、（人名、地名： いいだ） . . .\n\n( So if you romanize these, they'd be: kawaii, iikoto, iimasu, iida, ... )\n\nWhereas ああ, うう, ええ, おお usually do not. Instead, they are usually written with\nthe bar (?) \"ー\" （長音記号） sign :\n\n * アーサー、ツアー、アームストロング、（嗚呼） 『あゝ玉杯に花うけて』\n\n * ウーロン茶、ウーパールーパー\n\n * エールフランス、エーデルワイス -- Exceptions where ええ is used : 「ええ話や…」\n\n * オープン、オーストリア、オート三輪\n\nおお is used : おおかみ、オオカミ、オオクワガタ、… おおきな、おおらかな、おおしい、（人名、地名： おおき, etc.）\n\nBut \"ee\" and \"oo\" are avoided because they may be confusing : \"feet\" and\n\"food\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T14:21:46.030",
"id": "39992",
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{
"body": "Hepburn originally transcribed `いい` as `ī`, but in later editions he changed\nit to `ii`. Unfortunately, his book doesn't explain why he made this decision,\nso I can't say with certainty what the reason was.\n\nI think one reason is most obvious and likely, however: `ī` looks very similar\nto `i`, and writing `ii` avoids confusing the two. This isn't a problem for\n`a`, `u`, `e`, or `o` because they don't normally have dots over them, so\nthey're visually distinct from `ā`, `ū`, `ē`, `ō`.\n\nNote that Hepburn did not make the distinction mentioned in Eiríkr Útlendi's\ncomment; he transcribed `いい` in all cases as `ii`. Although a few people do\nmake that distinction, it's not common to do so, and you don't have to worry\nabout it as a learner.\n\nYou wrote:\n\n> Would I be right in saying that it is because the alphabetical combinations\n> いい occur in Japanese (words), whereas ああ, うう, ええ, おお do not?\n\nNo. We can find all five kana sequences in Japanese words. The easiest\nexamples for the rest are interjections: `ああ`, `ううん`, `ええ`, and `おお`.\nInterjections aside, `ああ` is also an adverb, and `おお` appears in a number of\nwords such as `おおい` and `おおげさ`. We can find more examples if we include\nsequences that cross morpheme boundaries, such as `ええん` (会厭) and `ふうう` (風雨).\n\nIf you intended to include examples where a long vowel follows a consonant\n(although these are technically excluded by what you wrote), we can find more\nexamples rather easily: `おかあさん`, `ずうずうしい`, `おねえさん`, and `ほのお`.\n\nThe explanation in your edit doesn't really make sense.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-14T14:37:02.787",
"id": "39993",
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},
{
"body": "the double ii was copied form european laguages ( romanian an italian).. as\nthis did not exist in Japanese languages before 19 century and japan look\ntowards europe for inspiration. It could also be that japan has strong\nfeelings towards(hawaii)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-12T20:43:35.733",
"id": "62148",
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}
]
| 39947 | 39993 | 39993 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39951",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am just starting to learn Japanese, and with close to no knowledge\nwhatsoever, other than about the spelling system, I have noticed so many words\nseen to end with the patterns suggested in the title of this post.\n\nCan someone, in as brief and concise an explanation as possible, explain to me\nwhy this is? Are these declensions of done nouns, adjectives, or verbs, or\nother grammatical constructs I am observing?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T08:08:29.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39950",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"suffixes",
"plural-suffixes"
],
"title": "kimasu, shimasu, imasu, and mashite, and deshita",
"view_count": 5007
} | [
{
"body": "It is the formal (or polite) way of conjugating verbs.\n\n書く (kaku) write (dictionary form)\n\n書きます (kakimasu) write \n書きました (kakimashita) wrote \n書きません (kakimasen) don't write \n書きませんでした (kakimasen deshita) didn't write\n\n私は本を書きます。 (watashi wa hon o kakimasu) \nI write a book.\n\nです (desu) is \nでした (deshita) was \nではありません (dewa arimasen) is not \nではありませんでした (dewa arimasen deshita) was not\n\nこれは本です。 (kore wa hon desu) \nThis is a book.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T09:13:48.380",
"id": "39951",
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}
]
| 39950 | 39951 | 39951 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39973",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "_Onegaishimasu_ is used by Japanese people a lot. What does it mean, in what\ncontext is it used, and how do I respond to this?\n\nI found on the web that it means:\n\n> Please take care of me.\n>\n> I am in your care.\n>\n> Do me this favor.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T10:35:14.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39956",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parts-of-speech"
],
"title": "Onegaishimasu meanings, reply and when to use",
"view_count": 3749
} | [
{
"body": "If you translate literally, onegai means request, shimasu means to do(polite).\nSo it's basically a polite way to make a request. \nAs you said, it is used a lot and in many context.\n\nI could make a list of way to use it, but it would be quite a long one.\n\nthose 2 might be more adequate for the expression \"yoroshiku onegaishimasu\".\n\n> Please take care of me. \n> I am in your care.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T10:40:34.353",
"id": "39957",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T10:40:34.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "You can think of it as the word ¨please¨ in English. If someone says おねがいしますね\nto you, they are always asking you to do something or expect something from\nyou.\n\nFor example if a friend tells me that she likes chocolates and I say, I will\nbuy for you. Then she might say, お願いします。 meaning, ¨please do¨, or ¨that would\nbe great¨.\n\nIf you want to imply that the other person should actually do something\nbecause it's important, you can use おねがいしますよ which is a bit stronger. \nFor example I can ask my brother to pick up my kids from school tomorrow and I\ncan at the end of the sentence say おねがいしますよ as a way to emphasise that he\nshouldn't forget this. I think this is the example of what you posted in your\nquestion ¨Please take care of me.¨\n\nYou can respond to the おねがいします as どうぞ ¨here you go¨ when they are asking you\nfor something, or you can answer はい、わかりました ”understood” when it's an important\nrequest that you will do later.\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-13T21:26:55.363",
"id": "39973",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39956 | 39973 | 39973 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> ねむくなってしまい **そうに** 癒される。\n\nI can't figure out what this sentence is saying. I've asked my girlfriend and\nmy coworkers (both Japanese) about そうに and they can't explain it. (One of my\ncoworkers said it means 'a/an' but I can't see it being that. I've looked\naround online but have only found そうにもない。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T10:47:57.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39958",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-15T06:38:49.507",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-14T10:53:53.120",
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"owner_user_id": "18244",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "I have a question about this form そうな/そうに",
"view_count": 280
} | [
{
"body": "Well that's a hard one. 癒される seems to imply that you are being\nrefreshed/rejuvenated. I would picture someone in an onsen, or receiving a\nmassage, and it feels good to the point where you could fall asleep.\n\nTo describe that way to use that そうに is indeed not so easy. The statement\nbefore the そうに sort of explains in what way the action is being perceived. If\nthat makes sense...\n\n眠そうに見える \n\"looks sleepy\"\n\n何日も食べなかったように食べている \n\"eating as if he didn't eat in a few days\".",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T11:08:58.903",
"id": "39960",
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{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 410: \nそうだ： an auxiliary adjective which indicates that what is expressed by the\npreceding sentence is the speaker's conjecture concerning an event in the\nfuture or the present state of someone or something, based on what the speaker\nsees or feels. \n\nExamples: \n雨が降りそうだ。 \nIt looks like it will rain.\n\nあの車は高そうだ。 \nThat car looks expensive.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T12:06:51.837",
"id": "39962",
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},
{
"body": "そうに is the continuous form of the verbal auxiliary そうだ which indicates manner\nand mood. For example:\n\n> 美味し **そうに** 食べる。 -- You eat foods with keen relish. \n> この車は速 **そうだ** 。 -- This car looks fast.\n\nI feel ねむくなってしまいそうに癒される is a bit unnatural, and ねむくなってしまうほど癒される (I am so\ncomforted that I become sleepy) would be more natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T12:21:10.977",
"id": "39963",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
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| 39958 | null | 39963 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39970",
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"body": "The following sentences in the children's book 花咲じいさん refer to a dog barking:\n\n> 「ここほれワンワン、ここほれワンワン」 \n> 「おや？ ここをほれと言っているのか。\n\njisho.org's pretty good, but it doesn't seem to have a clear definition for\nほれ. Google Translate doesn't shed too much insight on where to look, other\nthan maybe something to do with fondness or belovedness (which apparently\ndescribe the dog in this story, but I'm not certain this is even the right\nplace to look). What ultimately does ほれ mean, especially in cases like the\nabove?",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-13T17:05:37.440",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What does ほれ mean?",
"view_count": 765
} | [
{
"body": "[掘る]{ほる} is the verb used here. It means to dig. [掘れ]{ほれ} is in the\n[命令形]{めいれいけい} which is the imperative form of the verb [掘る]{ほる}.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T18:04:04.563",
"id": "39970",
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"parent_id": "39967",
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"score": 3
}
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| 39967 | 39970 | 39970 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40024",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A [search for 乙女 on jisho.org](http://jisho.org/search/%E4%B9%99%E5%A5%B3)\nshows the word [少女](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3) as a result, and\ndoesn't give a distinction between the two terms, just listing that the word\n少女 has \"many forms\":\n\n * 少女 【しょうじょ】\n * 少女 【おとめ】\n * 小女 【しょうじょ】\n * 乙女 【おとめ】\n\n**Are the four forms fully interchangeable, or are there nuances in the\nmeaning?**",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-13T20:14:52.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39972",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Are 少女 【しょうじょ】, 少女 【おとめ】, 小女 【しょうじょ】 and 乙女 【おとめ】 fully interchangeable?",
"view_count": 835
} | [
{
"body": "AS far as I know they are all variations of the exact same word, but the\nreading おとめ is quite less frequent and perhaps more appropriate for fancy\nmeanings such a \"maiden\" or \"young virgin\" along with the fancy kanji 乙女. I've\nseen it in a few video games where you have to go rescue the poor maiden in\ndistress etc... But in real life, I'm not sure I ever heard it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-14T04:38:58.810",
"id": "39980",
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{
"body": "* 少女【しょうじょ】 is the most common among the four, and is a neutral word meaning _girl_. Although this is common in novels and news articles, [this still is a big word](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/21130/5010) and people don't usually use it in casual conversations.\n * 乙女【おとめ】 is rarer and is commonly translated as _maiden_. You would find this in certain stilted novels, poems, lyrics, and such. It focuses on girls' chastity and innocence.\n * 少女【おとめ】 is a rare reading of 少女 found only in historical contexts.\n * 小女【しょうじょ】 is very rare and I'm not even sure if this is correct.\n\nI think you can safely forget the last two.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-15T22:37:52.950",
"id": "40024",
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"score": 7
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]
| 39972 | 40024 | 40024 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40115",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The sentence came from Nintendo 3DS instruction manual explaining about\ntransfer data from the earlier version, Nintendo DSi, to the newer one,\nNintendo 3DS.\n\nNew\n3DS本体にはDSiウェアのみ引っ越しされ、セーブデータは引っ越しされません。また、引っ越しすると、DSi本体では、ソフトと一緒にセーブデータも消去されます。引っ越しによってセーブデータを失っ\n**てもよいか** 、事前にご確認の **うえ** 引っ越しを行ってください。\n\n1) Does the 「か」in 「てもよいか」indicate doubt or uncertainty? In my opinion, since\ntransferring the data to the new system, Nintendo 3DS, will cause the existing\ndata in the original system, Nintendo DSi, being deleted for sure, I have a\ndoubt why then the 「か」being written in the sentence.\n\n2) If the prefix 「うえ」means before doing something, can I use 「前に」instead\nwithout losing the original meaning?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T02:19:53.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39977",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "Questions about phrase 「てもよいか」 and prefix 「うえ」",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "1.According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 168: \nかどうか: a marker for an embedded yes-no question.\n\nか is short for かどうか which means \"whether\".\n\nExample: \n鈴木さんが大学に入ったか知りません。 \nI don't know whether or not Mr. Suzuki entered college.\n\nSo in your case it becomes: \nデータを失ってもよいか、事前にご確認のうえ \nConfirm beforehand whether the data may be lost or not.\n\n2.If you want to replace うえ, you have to replace with 後に, not 前に\n\n確認の後に \nAfter confirming\n\n確認の前に \nBefore confirming",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T03:41:56.470",
"id": "39978",
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{
"body": "In this case, the か indicates something that has to be confirmed(in form of a\nquestion). They are basically saying \"confirm if 'is it acceptable to lose all\nyour saved data'\" and then, on top of doing that/after doing that(のうえ) proceed\nwith the transfer.... or cancel if it is not an acceptable condition.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T04:28:27.013",
"id": "39979",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-14T04:28:27.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
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},
{
"body": "> 引っ越しによってセーブデータを失ってもよいか、事前にご確認のうえ引っ越しを行ってください。\n\nThis か is a question marker that introduces an embedded question. See this\nquestion: [Usage of か after a\nclause?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13034/5010)\n\nSo 「引っ越しによってセーブデータを失ってもよいか」 means \"whether (or not) it's okay to lose your\nsaved data by the move\". を after the embedded question is usually omitted, as\nyou can see in the link above.\n\n`verb + 上【うえ】 (+で)` / `noun + の上 (+で)` is a formal set phrase that means \"upon\n～\" or \"after ～\". You can see many examples\n[here](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=uede).\n\nThe sentence can be rephrased as:\n\n> 引っ越しによってセーブデータを失ってもよいか(を)、確認した **後で** 引っ越しを行ってください。 \n> Perform the system transfer _after you have confirmed_ you can lose your\n> saved data.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T13:49:53.907",
"id": "40115",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T13:49:53.907",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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}
]
| 39977 | 40115 | 40115 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I see 部 with nouns in hashtags on Instagram (like #ねこ部), but I can only find\ndictionary definitions online. I'm also unsure of the correct reading of the\nkanji, so any help would be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T05:01:38.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39981",
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"owner_user_id": "18128",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does ねこ部 mean?",
"view_count": 523
} | [
{
"body": "I am not familiar with hashtags trends and what not, but it might mean they\nare cat lovers.\n\n部 is usually read as ぶ and usually means department, group, division, club.\nAlthough usually used in company jargon, this time it seems to be used to\nindicate that that person is in the cat group/club... maybe",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T05:05:58.530",
"id": "39982",
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}
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| 39981 | null | 39982 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39988",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've given this some thought but due to both my lack of knowledge in Japanese\n(still studying atm, although in Japan for a year so that should improve) and\njust not being able to come up with anything that sounds right with what I do\nknow, I'm not even sure if this is like a thing to say in Japanese. Either\nthat or I'm just getting tunnel vision on this and missing an extremely simple\nway of translating this.\n\nBut so yeah, is there a way to say like \"Bob says hi by the way,\" like when\nyou were talking about one person with Bob earlier and then Bob tells you to\nextend his greetings to that person the next time you meet?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T08:01:46.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39986",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-14T10:12:23.543",
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"owner_user_id": "17915",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How would you say \"x says hi\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 5742
} | [
{
"body": "> \"Bob says hi by the way.\"\n\n * 「ところで、ボブが **よろしく** って。」\n * 「そうだ、ボブが **よろしく** って。」 \n\nor\n\n * 「ところで、ボブが **ハロー** って。」\n\nor something similar.\n\nThe above sentences are a casual way of saying the first sentence below:\n\n> ところで、ボブが「よろしく」 **と** 言っていましたよ \n> ところで、ボブが「よろしく」 **って** 言っていたよ \n> ところで、ボブが「よろしく」 **って**",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T08:10:16.083",
"id": "39988",
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}
]
| 39986 | 39988 | 39988 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39989",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "こんにちは！ I'm just a beginner in Japanese (started my Japanese self-study from\nthis March) but now I'm working in a Japanese company in Tokyo. Since most\npeople in my company can't really speak English, I have no choice but to use\nJapanese for my daily conversation. Until now I can somehow manage basic\nconversations with my co-workers, but I know my Japanese is very beginner-\nlevel. I follow the rule to use formal Japanese (ます/です) instead of (ある/する)\nmostly all the time to avoid being impolite. I know it makes my Japanese sound\nunnatural/strange but I think it's a safe choice, at least in the workplace\nenvironment. But the more I'm familiar with the language, the more I feel the\nneed to use less such honorifics. I try to listen to others' conversations to\nsee if ある/する is used by juniors to seniors or not, and they do use it, much\nmore than ます form, even with the boss. I find it so tiring to go with such\nsentences like: 「昨日は大阪に行きましたけど、雨でしたから出かけなかったです。」 Just for example, how would\nyou guys make the above sentence sound \"more natural\"? Can I say like\n「昨日大阪に行ったけど、雨だったから出かけなかったです！」when I talk to my boss? I really need more time\nto be able to \"sense\" the language and its politeness, before that よろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T08:08:54.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39987",
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"owner_user_id": "18225",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"honorifics"
],
"title": "The politeness level of 辞書形(ある／する) in replacement of ます form",
"view_count": 315
} | [
{
"body": "Usually you should use です/ます only at the end of the sentence. \nIn the middle of the sentence you can use informal tense (ある/する). So you can\nsay: \n昨日大阪に行ったけど、雨だったから出かけませんでした！\n\nIt is very difficult for foreigners to know when to drop politeness and be\ninformal, especially if you are talking to your boss or someone superior. \nIt is never a bad thing to be over-polite, while making a mistake and being\nrude can get into trouble.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T08:25:57.567",
"id": "39989",
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},
{
"body": "Using です・ます体 (desu/masu forms) isn't very unusual, at least not in my opinion.\n\nIn fact です・ます体 is more so like the absolute middle ground/standard level of\npoliteness when it comes to that sort of thing. If you really wanted to be\nlike \"polite\" polite with your Japanese, speaking to your seniors and stuff\nyou'd use 尊敬語 and 謙譲語 (sonkeigo and kenjougo) which is like the definitive\nformal and polite manner/form of speech in Japanese, where almost everything\nbecomes different, e.g. いる, 行く, and 来る become いらっしゃる, 食べる and 飲む become 召し上がる\n(meshiagaru, you'll hear this at restaurants at lot from the staff:\n店内で召し上がりますか? (will you be eating in the restaurant?)), する becomes 為さる\n(nasaru), and so on and so on. All of the examples I gave are of sonkeigo\nwhich is what you use to your superiors as it basically embellishes their\nactions as being above you in a way, sort of.\n\nSo in short, です and ます are honestly completely normal to use in your everyday\nspeech both in normal conversations and at work; I would recommend not\ndowngrading from です and ます when speaking to someone like your boss or anyone\nin a higher position than you though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T15:11:47.783",
"id": "39994",
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]
| 39987 | 39989 | 39989 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "So I've been in Japan for roughly 3 weeks now and my hair has been starting to\nget a little bit long; I've been thinking about getting a haircut for a while\nbut my complete lack of knowledge on Japanese vocabulary regarding hair cuts\nhas deterred me thus far.\n\nSo yeah, just what is some general vocab and stuff I should know how to say to\ntry and make this proceed as smoothly as possible? If explaining how exactly I\nwant my hair helps narrow down what advice to give, I need to like near-shave\nthe sides and back of my head, just having the hair around those areas really\nshort in general, but the top of my head is where most of the length should\nstay. I basically have like my left side shaved entirely and then it stops,\nforming a hard part for my hair to rest towards the right of my head, and then\nas you approach the right side of my head the hair starts to fade in length\nand then goes to same uniform shortness as the rest of my head. My back side\nshould do this as well.\n\nI was planning on showing whoever will cut my hair a couple photos of how my\nhaircut first turned out when I did it and the photo I used for reference for\nthe stylist at that time, and just saying like 「このようなヘアカットしたいんですが」or something\nalong those lines, but I just want to be absolutely sure I have like things\nI'll be able to say to further explain what I want if that doesn't cut it (no\npun intended).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T16:49:39.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39995",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-14T16:58:56.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "17915",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How would I go about explaining how I want my haircut in Japan?",
"view_count": 74
} | []
| 39995 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 彼女が好きだから、僕に嫌がらせをしたんだ？僕が彼女を取ったように見えたの？ **それで** 彼女を巻き込んでたら、意味ないだろう。\n\nIs it \"then\" or \"because of this\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T18:44:09.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39996",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T15:11:52.247",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-14T20:28:17.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "17899",
"owner_user_id": "17899",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of それで in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1106
} | [
{
"body": "I think that in this sentence it would mean \"In that case....\"\n\n\"In that case If I became involved with her, there is no meaning to it\"\n\nHence, the \"in that case...\" for the last portion of the passage.\n\n**Edit** : Removed theory on what the context was since apparently some others\nhave a more complete picture of the dialogue.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-14T22:06:31.510",
"id": "39997",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T15:11:52.247",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-17T15:11:52.247",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I think それで means \"then\".\n\n彼女が好きだから、 \nYou like her,\n\n僕に嫌がらせをしたんだ？ \nthat is why you are harassing me?\n\n僕が彼女を取ったように見えたの？ \nIt looks like I took her from you?\n\nそれで彼女を巻き込んでたら、意味ないだろう。 \nThen, if she gets involved (in your harassment and then gets hurt), it makes\nno sense (because it would backfire, you would hurt the person you like).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-15T03:40:49.233",
"id": "40003",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-15T03:40:49.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39996",
"post_type": "answer",
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{
"body": "> 彼女が好きだから、僕に嫌がらせをしたんだ？ 僕が彼女を取ったように見えたの？ それで彼女を巻き込んでたら、意味ないだろう。\n\nI hope the OP can confirm at least one of the following two \"theories\".\n\n 1. 僕に嫌がらせをしたんだ？ <-- The OP made a small error in copying this part (from a manga?).\n\n 2. my proposed reading is the following.\n\nThe speaker S is saying to D (the Dummy guy) --\n\n * Did you pull that trick on me because you were in love with her? Did you think that i was taking her away from you? Your scheme wouldn't work if it got her involved (if it ends up bothering her) -- Now, would it?\n\nMaybe this is one of those usage instances, where it's impossible to determine\nexactly what this それで refers to. ( i.e., Even if we had complete information,\nwe couldn't determine it. )\n\nBut if i had to spell it out, it would be like this: それで == [while carrying\nout that scheme] ( As a result of your little trick )\n\nそれで == [(while) in the process of doing that] ---\n\nそれで == [ As a result of doing that ] --- It's like それをして、それをやって、それをした結果\n\nI'd certainly be interested in real or made-up samples of this usage of それで --\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-15T18:55:09.927",
"id": "40019",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39996 | null | 39997 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40002",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was thinking today of how I would describe things in Japanese. One of these\nthings was 'He's just a boy!', which I more or less worked out to be\n「かれがしょうねんですしかよ！」which I THINK is correct, but still feels sorta 'off' to me.\nSomething about the final noun using the particle 「しか」 AFTER stating the\npolite form of it.\n\nCan't really put my finger on it, just feels like something's incorrect about\nit, thus I thought to ask.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-15T01:10:32.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39999",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
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"title": "Is 「かれがしょうねんですしかよ！」 grammatically correct? (「です」 before 「しか」?)",
"view_count": 148
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{
"body": "しか is used the negative forms of words, usually in a way to indicate the lack\nof anything else. To use しか, you probably want to phrase it like\n\n> しょうねんにしか見えない。 (Looks only like a boy)\n\n(Awkward phrasing in English I know...)",
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"body": "> He's just a boy. He's still just a boy!\n\nI would say...\n\n * ｛[name]は / この・その・あの子は｝｛まだ or/and ほんの｝子供｛だ/です｝。 \n\nor maybe...\n\n * ｛[name]は / この・その・あの子は｝｛まだ or/and ほんの｝子供で **しか** ｛ **ない** / **ありません** ｝*。\n\n*As stated in the other answer, しか is used with a negative word/phrase: 「しか～～ない」(= nothing but = only).",
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"body": "I would say: \n彼 は ただの 少年 です。 \nkare wa tada no shōnen desu.\n\nしか has a different meaning and usage. \nAccording to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 398: \nしか: particle which marks an element X when nothing but X makes the expressed\nproposition true.\n\nAnd usually しか is used after a noun, not after です.\n\nです usually comes at the end of the sentence.",
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| 39999 | 40002 | 40002 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "なんなら【何なら】 = なんだったら【何だったら】 == when transliterated, is it [Then what] ?\n\n> [dictionary.goo.ne.jp なん‐なら【何なら】\n> ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/165921/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89/) \n> なん‐なら【何なら】 == ［副］ 《「なになら」の音変化》 １. 相手が実現を希望していることを仮定する気持ちを表す。 もしよければ。 「―\n> 私のほうからお電話しましょう」\n>\n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/165834/meaning/m0u/> \n> なん‐だったら【何だったら】 == ［連語］ 「何なら」に同じ。 「 ― 先に帰ってもいいですよ」\n\nDoes anyone have any idea why/how these mean this? == The meaning is --- \"if\nyou like [wish]\"\n\nIs there a similar expression in Jp, English, French, German, Spanish, etc. ?\n\nEnglish expressions like [You know what?] or [For what it's worth] come to\nmind.\n\n( なんとなれば【何となれば】 means \"because\" <-- This is curious, too. )",
"comment_count": 3,
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "なんなら【何なら】 = なんだったら【何だったら】 -- Why/How do they mean what they mean?",
"view_count": 1592
} | [
{
"body": "According to 三省堂 (Sanseido’s) 大辞林, “何(なん)なら” is a phonetic conversion of\n“何（なに）なら,” and it means ①“必要があれば – If it is necessary,” “お望みならば- If you wish,”\n➁”差し支えることがあれば - If it troubles you,” “お嫌ならば - If you don’t like it.”\n\nIt can be used like:\n\n何なら、君の代わりに僕が会議に出席してもいいよ – I can attend the meeting in place of you, if you\ndon’t mind.\n\n何なら言ってみようか - I can be straightforward to you, if you really wish to listen to.\n\n何ならやってごらん – Please do (try) it by yourself, if you wish.\n\nIt's analogous to the Englsih usages of \"If you wish\" and \"If you don't mind.\"\n\n\"何なら\" is different from “何となれば,” which means “because it’s …” or “It’s the\nreason why …”",
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| 40001 | null | 40046 |
{
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"body": "> 「そ、そうか。何か大変そうだな…… **ここじゃ何{なん}だ** 、取りあえず私の店まで来いよ」\n\nI couldn't find the meaning...",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-15T04:00:40.510",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What does ここじゃ何だ means in this sentence?",
"view_count": 882
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{
"body": "ここじゃ何だ\n\nis, as I recognize, to be an abbreviated expression of\n\nここじゃ何かとアレだ\n\nwhich I would translate to\n\n```\n\n In this place, in many ways, you know,,,\n \n```\n\n(I know my English is very awkward here...",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-15T05:17:55.770",
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{
"body": "> ここじゃ **何** だ、取りあえず私の店まで来いよ\n\nAccording to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> なに【何】〘代名詞〙 \n> ❷ 相手がそれと分かる事物について、名前の代わりに使う語。例のもの。あれ。また、 **物事を直接的に指すのを避けて遠回しに言う語**\n> 。「いつもの、何はあるかな」「うちの何が、うるさくてね」「 **お言葉を返すようでなんですが** …」「 **自分で言うのもなんですが** …」\n\nYou use 何 to avoid referring to something directly, and to say it in a\nroundabout way / indirectly. Examples:\n\n> こう言っては **なん** ですが・・・ \n> If I may venture to say this... / If you'll excuse the expression... \n> 自分で言うのも **なん** ですが・・・ \n> Though I say it myself... / Though I say this who shouldn't...\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, you can use あれ in the same way. 明鏡国語辞典 says:\n\n> あれ〘代名詞〙 \n> ❶㋓ はっきり言えないことや、うまく言えないことを指し示す語。 **なん** 。「直接申し上げるのも **あれ** ですが…」",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-15T06:39:25.803",
"id": "40008",
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{
"body": "> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/165822/meaning/m0u/> \n> なん‐だ【何だ】 ［連語］《「だ」は断定の助動詞》\n>\n> (２). 直接言うのがはばかられたり、適当な言い方が見つからなかったりする場合に、代わりに用いる語。 \n> 「自分で言うのも ― が、僕ならできる」 「つまりは、 ― 、もうやめたいということか」\n\n * This place is [You know what].\n * This place is [I don't want to say what].\n\n * This place is [What you might call it].\n\nThe meaning is : This place is [not good] or [not convenient].\n\nWas there an expression like this in Genji ?",
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| 40005 | 40006 | 40008 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40012",
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"body": "In the [Japanese radiotelephony\nalphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_radiotelephony_alphabet#Kana),\nall kana are assigned a mnemonic code word in the form _Nippon no ni_\n(日本のニ)... except one.\n\nヱ ( _we_ ) alone stands out with _kagi no aru we_ (かぎのあるヱ). Why is this used\ninstead of eg. ゑびすのヱ, and what does \" _we_ that has the key\" mean?\n\nNote that ゐどのヰ is used for ヰ, another obsolete kana with a homophone, so I\npresume there's more to it that just avoiding potential confusion between エ\nand ヱ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-15T10:53:38.003",
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"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kana"
],
"title": "What does かぎのあるヱ mean?",
"view_count": 1228
} | [
{
"body": "I think it means \"the e with the hook\". If you compare エ with ヱ, ヱ has a hook\nin the first horizontal.",
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"body": "Am I right to rephrase your question as: why かぎのあるヱ transcribes the character\nby the shape, while ゐどのヰ, along with all the other ones, transcribes the\ncharacter by the sound?\n\nToday, standard Japanese doesn't distinguish ゐ/い ゑ/え を/お by their sounds. This\nmeans that virtually any contemporary Japanese would write \"い\" when requested\nto write \"ゐどのヰ\" in their daily conversations.\n\nHistorically, Japan joined Convention on International Civil Aviation, which\nrequired standardization of radiotelephony alphabet, in 1953.\n\nThis suggests that ゐ was pronounced still differently than い in daily (or even\nofficial) conversations around 1950's, while ゑ was already pronounced the same\nway as え.\n\n(\"現代かなづかい\", which ordered \"ゑ\" be written as \"え\" etc. in public, was enacted in\n1946.)\n\nI didn't notice that my four grandparents, all born around 1930s in Kyushu,\ndistinguished ゐど from いど or ゑびす from えびす. But I cannot tell for sure, because\ntheir pronunciation was always shifted somewhat from our Tokyo dialect.\n\nHowever I found this from twitter: @hirohito_bot\n【昭和天皇逸話集】日常会話においても「い」と「ゐ」、「え」と「ゑ」の発音を区別していた。\n\nEmperor Hirohito was born in 1901 in Tokyo, and perhaps would represent the\npronunciation of then Japanese upper class speech at the time. However, his\nson, Emperor Akihito, never distinguishes them in public speech. He was born\nin 1933.\n\nSo I think you are right in saying that \"there's more to it\", because all this\nindicates that Showa was a subtle but major phonological transition period.\nBut this may require a serious linguist to analyse, and I refrain from talking\nabout it other than from my personal experience.\n\n(In kindergarten I used to believe the \"correct\" pronunciation of を was \"wo\",\nand was not the same as お, because they are spelled differently. Some comic\nbooks even used them in proper names, as in アキヲ. But since my friends and\nteachers never spoken that way I gave up the idea.)",
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| 40010 | 40012 | 40012 |
{
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"body": "What is the difference between 休日, 休暇 and 休み? When each should be used?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between [休日]{きゅうじつ}, [休暇]{きゅうか} and 休{やす}み",
"view_count": 4349
} | [
{
"body": "休日 and 休暇 mean _a day off_. 休み sometimes means _a day off_ , but also means\n_taking a rest_.\n\nIt seems 休日 is a day off under the company/school's regulations: Like\nSaturdays, Sundays and national holidays. 休暇 is a day off that is not\nstipulated by your school/company's regulations, but you apply for a day off\nand they approve it.\n\nFrom my personal experience, people don't distinguish between 休日 and 休暇\nstrictly. They just mean _a day off_.",
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"body": "Adding to @Takashi's great answer, you need to note that\n[[休]{やす}み](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%84%E3%81%99%E3%81%BF) has a lot of\nmeanings (take a look at the link) that include both 休{きゅう}日{じつ}, 休{きゅう}暇{か}.\nFor example:\n\n> [夏休]{なつやす}み: summer vacation, summer holidays.\n\nIf you want to use 休{きゅう}暇{か}, you have to use [暑中休暇]{しょちゅうきゅうか} which is not\nas broadly used as [夏休]{なつやす}み and サマー・バケーション. As commented below, [夏期]{かき}休暇\nand [夏季]{かき}休暇 are used, too.\n\n[休日]{きゅうじつ} could be the opposite of [平日]{へいじつ} which means weekday (non-\nholiday, Monday to Friday).\n\nThey might look similar, but their usages could be different. You should check\nexample phrases and sentences in the dictionary and learn them.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"id": "40014",
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"body": "休み: a rest \n休暇: a day (or days) off work when it is not a holiday. \n休日: a day off or a holiday\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/221894/meaning/m0u/%E4%BC%91%E3%81%BF/> \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/54761/meaning/m0u/%E4%BC%91%E6%9A%87/> \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/55017/meaning/m0u/%E4%BC%91%E6%97%A5/>",
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"body": "I would like to add that 休み is more informal than 休日. You can also say 休みます =\nI'm resting",
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| 40011 | 40013 | 40013 |
{
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"body": "Can someone help me. I have seen a few different translations for this word,\nincluding other place,the rest and another. I also saw two kanji. Are there\ntwo different meanings?",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-15T15:27:33.440",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Confused about Hoka - 外 or 他",
"view_count": 858
} | [
{
"body": "他 is the kanji you want to use, the other one appears to be usable with the\nsame meaning according to the dictionary, but I have never seen it used as\nsuch. 外 is almost only used for the meaning of outside.\n\nhoka basically means other. It can be used in many ways, but always comes down\nto the same basic meaning.\n\n他の人 the other person. \nその他は？ Anything else? \nその他(sometimes read そのた)literally means \"others\". Especially the category\n\"others\" on websites etc.",
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| 40016 | 40017 | 40017 |
{
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"body": "When i was reading an entry about 暗峠 the writer mentioned an expression using\n峠 which is「今夜が峠です」, they said that when a close person is seriously ill and\nare on their deathbed this expression is often used.\n\n> 親しい人が重病で、生死の境目にある時、我々は比喩的に“今夜が峠だな。”とよく言います。\n\nSo what does it mean exactly?\n\nIs it something like they are expressing how difficult a situation it is since\n峠 has the meaning of difficult part or does it have the subtle meaning of\nwishing the ill person survives and expressing their sadness?\n\nAre there any similar expressions in English?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "what does「今夜が峠です」mean?",
"view_count": 582
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{
"body": "峠 is the highest point of a mountain path.\n\nIt figuratively means the most difficult/hard point to overcome. So 今夜が峠だ\nmeans one is the closest to death tonight.\n\nI don't think it has a nuance of familiarness or sadness; it just describes\nsuch a quite serious situation.\n\nAnother common phrase involving 峠 is 峠を越えた, which means one has survived and\nis getting better.",
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{
"body": "“今夜が峠だな。” -- I think emotion (closeness) is part of this expression. If two\ndoctors are talking about a patient, they may not use such an expression\n(euphemism). Their conversation may be strictly in medical and technical\nterms.\n\n> Are there any similar expressions in English?\n\n峠を越えた <http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/over%20the%20hump> (turned the corner)\n\n * over the hump\n\n * out of the woods ! \n\n * on the comeback trail\n\n * on the mend\n\n * on the road to recovery\n\n峠 <http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/crisis> -- (the hump?), dire straits,\nturning point, moment of truth, ... ((the proverbial) Cape Horn?)\n\nWhat have i missed ?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-15T21:22:23.363",
"id": "40022",
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{
"body": "According to the dictionary:\n\n> とうげ【峠】: 物事の勢いの最も盛んな時。絶頂。 \n> Climax, crisis, peak, the most difficult part \n> example: 病気は今夜が峠だ \n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/155532/meaning/m0u/%E5%B3%A0/> \n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/52947/meaning/m0u/%E5%B3%A0/>\n\nSo it should be that \"they are expressing how difficult a situation is\".\n\nIn English I would say something like \"this is the moment of truth\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T01:45:37.087",
"id": "40028",
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| 40020 | 40021 | 40021 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40027",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This question is about suru-verbs, verbs made from a noun and the verb suru\n(for ex: 鼓 + する). I am familiar with the potential form of suru being 出来る,\nthen suru-verbs potential become Xしえる or Xしうる or Xせる. How would you conjugate\nsuru-verbs into the honorific and humble forms? I know なさる is the honorific\nform and 致す is the humble form of suru.\n\nI took a couple guesses...\n\n鼓する > 鼓なさる\n\n鼓する > お鼓しになる",
"comment_count": 6,
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"owner_user_id": "14020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Honorific and humble forms of suru verbs",
"view_count": 2491
} | [
{
"body": "I don't really hear single-kanji-suru-verbs conjugate into honorific or humble\nforms except 信じられる or rarely 信じなさる (honorific). If you dare to want humble\nversions, I'm afraid you have to use 信じ申し上げる.\n\nAs for two-kanji versions, I hear both 信頼される and 信頼なさる evenly. The humble\nversion 信頼いたす is common this time.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T00:17:41.973",
"id": "40026",
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{
"body": "plain: 利用する \nhonorific: ご利用になる \nhumble: 利用させて頂く、利用致します\n\n<https://townwork.net/magazine/knowhow/manners/baito_manners/13309/>",
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| 40025 | 40027 | 40027 |
{
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"body": "In a song called [イノコリ先生] I found a phrase in the lyric which I could not\ntranslate into a good understandable meaning from its individual meanings by\nmyself. [友達とは違う関係] . If I try to roughly translate it by myself, it would be\n[with friend is a relationship that differs]?! And it doesn't make any sense.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T07:19:19.357",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "How can this phrase be translated?",
"view_count": 149
} | [
{
"body": "It means our relationship is different than friends.\n\nIt's a bit hard to explain, but ... と is used to compare 2 things. \"friend\" is\n1 of the things we are trying to compare, the other one is implied to be \"what\nis between us\", then 違う関係 means a different relationship. So basically it's\nlike saying \"friend\" is not be the correct \"relationship\" to be \"compared\"\nwith \"what we have\". If that make any sense.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T07:25:15.063",
"id": "40032",
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{
"body": "The biggest issue I see in your translation is using \"with\" for \"と\". You need\nto separate a modifying phrase 友達とは違う and a modified noun 関係.\n\n> 関係 means relationship.\n>\n> 違う means to differ (from).\n\nThe above phrase translates to _relationship that differs (literally)_ and\n_different relationship_. You may ask _differ from what_? The answer is\n\n> 友達とは違う means to differ from a friend.\n\nIf you combine all three of them, the literal translation would be _a\nrelationship that differs from a friend_. It could mean an ambiguous\nrelationship between a friend and lover, for example. You think your\nrelationship is no longer friendship because you've done something that\nfriends don't usually do. That's one of the contexts where you can use the\nphrase.",
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"id": "40034",
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| 40031 | null | 40032 |
{
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"body": "I'm going to do my research about analysis of negating suffixes in Japanese\nnewspaper. But I have a big question and want to make sure about Japanese\nsuffixes. Are ーない、－くない、‐ではない、‐なし、‐ぬ、‐ず、 and ‐まい a kind of suffix?\n\nIf yes, is there any other negating suffixes besides what I've mention before?\n\nIf no, then what are the Japanese suffixes that have a function to negate\nwords?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T11:37:07.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40033",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"negation",
"suffixes",
"morphology"
],
"title": "What are the negating-suffixes in Japanese?",
"view_count": 476
} | [
{
"body": "－くない and ‐ではない are used with adjectives to reverse their meaning. \n－くない is for i adjective and the other one is for na adjective. \n馬鹿（ばか）ではない（not stupid） かしこくない（not smart）\n\nーない is a suffix to to reverse the meaning of verbs. \n食べない（don't eat） \nVerbs can be turned into a i adjective （with the \"want to -tai\" form） then\ncombined with the くない form though. \n食べたくない（don't want to eat）\n\n‐ず means doing something without doing something else and is usually followed\nby に. \n食べずに学校行きました。 \nI went to school without eating.\n\nなし is more like a noun and just means none. It is not used a lot and can be\nawkward to use.\n\n‐ぬ is basically the old Japanese way of talking and is rarely used except by\nwise old monks in movies or something. It is used instead of -nai after a\nverb.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T13:39:41.050",
"id": "40035",
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"body": "You can add the following, but they are considered archaic:\n\nざる \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/89724/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%96%E3%82%8B/>\n\nまじ \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/207942/meaning/m1u/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%98/>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T02:26:27.297",
"id": "40052",
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{
"body": "Please make sure, you are interested in\n**negating[suffixes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix)**, right?\n\nAssuming you understand what is a suffix at least in English....\n\n> Are -ない、-くない、‐ではない、‐なし、‐ぬ、‐ず、 and ‐まい a kind of suffix?\n\nAmong these, only `-なし` can be grammatically called a **suffix**. It can form\nderivative nouns that mean \"someone/something without ～\" or \"～-less one\".\n\n> * 名なし: (noun) an anonymous/nameless person\n> * 一文なし: (noun) a penniless person\n> * 能なし: (noun) a dumb, a fool (lit. \"one without ability\")\n>\n\nAll others are grammatically classified as something other than suffix.\nBasically these are more fundamental parts which are more like English \"not\",\n\"may not\", \"is not\" or such. Of course you don't call these \"suffix\", do you?\n\nAs @choco said, there are several negating **prefixes** in Japanese. See: [不\nand 非 and 無 and 未 usage\ndifference/rule](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1893/5010)",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-18T14:34:23.760",
"id": "40117",
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| 40033 | null | 40117 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40039",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "My text book has the following examples:\n\n> _Ichiban suki na nomimono wa mizu desu._ \n> My favorite drink is water.\n>\n> _Okiniiri no tabemono wa piza desu._ \n> My favorite food is pizza.\n\nWhat's the difference between \"Okiniiri no\" and \"Ichiban suki na\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T14:18:58.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40036",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "The difference between \"Okiniiri no\" and \"Ichiban suki na\"",
"view_count": 13533
} | [
{
"body": "**Essentially the difference is one thing (一番好【いちばんす】きな) vs more than one\nthing (お気【き】に入【い】りの).**\n\n* * *\n\nThe way I see it here in Japan the 一番好きな phrase is powerful and states your\n_most liked_ item/thing/etc. (singular/単数)\n\nYou can think of it as \"like most\" instead of \"favorite\". When comparing the\ndegree you like something in Japanese this would have the figurative gold star\nnext to it.\n\n* * *\n\nThen we have the お気に入り phrase which I like to think of as a list of things you\nhave stowed away in box. (multiple things/リスト的・複数【ふくすう】)\n\nA good example would be your bookmarks in your browser; when you find a\nsomething on the internet you like you go up to the top and press the _o kini\niri_ / **お気に入り** button. However, if you were asked what your _favorite_ site\nis you wouldn't show them a list of all your bookmarks right? That would be\nthe use of the \"ichiban suki na no ha\" phrase, not the o kini iri phrase.\n\nHowever, if someone asked you.\n\n\"Show me your top 10 favorite websites.\"\n\nThat would be where you would use the お気に入り phrase. You could say,\n\n> あなたのお気に入りのウェブサイト、トップ１０を教えて！\n\nor\n\n> 気に入っているトップ１０ウェブサイトを教えてください。\n\nHope this helped.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T15:10:33.763",
"id": "40039",
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{
"body": "I think you can roughly equate\n\n * 一番好きな _ichiban suki na_ = my [most] favourite\n * お気に入りの _okiniiri no_ = one of my favourites\n\nso that\n\n> _Ichiban suki na nomimono wa mizu desu._ \n> My favourite drink is water.\n>\n> _Okiniiri no tabemono wa piza desu._ \n> Pizza is one of my favourite foods.\n\nYou can have several _okiniiri no_ things, but only one _ichiban suki na_\nthing.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T15:17:28.993",
"id": "40040",
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{
"body": "According to the dictionary 好き and 気に入る are synonymous. \nThey mean the same thing. \n好き = 気に入ること \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/117532/meaning/m0u/%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D/>",
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"id": "40042",
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| 40036 | 40039 | 40040 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40038",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "**非親告罪【ひしんこくざい】 vs 親告罪【しんこくざい】**\n\nTo my understanding **親告罪** means: A type of crime which requires a formal\ncomplaint from the victim in order to prosecute.\n\n**非【ひ】** means: a mistake, negative, injustice, non, un, etc...\n\nSo is the first word like a double negative? In other words like not a crime?\nA conversation of these two words happened during a talk recently and I didn't\nquite fully understand. Any in-depth explanation would be great!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T14:40:42.397",
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"id": "40037",
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"owner_user_id": "13696",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"prefixes"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 非親告罪 and 親告罪?",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "非親告罪 doesn't mean decriminalization. It means non-親告罪、that is to say,\ninvestigative organization can prosecute the accused without a requirement for\na formal complaint from the victim in order to prosecute.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T15:04:20.513",
"id": "40038",
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{
"body": "When you see the Kanji 非 used before another word, you should always suspect\nit is used as a prefix in order to make it opposite of the word without 非.\n\nFor example,\n\n> [常識]{じょうしき}: common sense vs 非常識: lack of common sense, or absurdity.\n>\n> [紳士的]{しんしてき}: gentlemanly vs 非紳士的: ungentlemanly\n>\n> [会員]{かいいん}: a member vs 非会員: a non-member\n\nTherefore, 非親告罪 means the opposite of 親告罪, in other words, 非親告罪 is the crime\nthat is not 親告罪 in the same way as 会員 means a member and 非会員 means someone who\nis not a member.\n\nThere are other suffixes that have similar functions to 非 such as 不, 未 and so\non. They have different usages and have to be learned on a case by case basis.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T15:49:49.813",
"id": "40041",
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| 40037 | 40038 | 40038 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40051",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 当然ながら箱ごと盗むなんてのは、よほどのことでもない **限り** 不可能だし\n\nSo from the context I kind of understand it:\n\n> \"Of course stealing that box is impossible\"\n\nor something along the line.\n\nHow does the 限り function here?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-16T16:31:41.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40043",
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 限り mean in this case?",
"view_count": 153
} | [
{
"body": "限り means something like \"the limit\", as in the maximum amount or degree.\n\nIt can function like this:\n\n> よほどのことがない **限り** 不可能だ。\n\n * To **the limit** that there is nothing really out of the ordinary, it's impossible.\n * **So long as** there is nothing really out of the ordinary, it's impossible.\n\n> 私が知る **限り** では不可能だ\n\n * To **the limit** that I know, it's impossible.\n * **As far as** I know, it's impossible.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T02:14:41.733",
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| 40043 | 40051 | 40051 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40059",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "We know 話 can be used as a counter for, including but not limited to, anime\nfranchise episodes. But if I understand it right, 話 refers to an episode as a\ncompleted, ready-for-consumption work.\n\nThat doesn't seem to be the exact same case with 本 though, which, apparently,\ncan be also used for similar purpose. In this\n[interview](http://www.style.fm/as/01_talk/n_yutaka01.shtml \"interview\") they\nrefer to episodes with 本 (random quotes):\n\n> **中村** そうですね。『エヴァンゲリオン』でやったのは、その２本だけですね。\n>\n> **南** 最初は、ひとりひとりが沢山カットを持って、それぞれが３ヶ月で１本作りましょうと言って始めたんですよ。\n>\n> **中村** 多分、シリーズの最後の方だったら、３人３ヶ月で１本出来たかもしれないですけれどね。\n\nBut they also use 話 when they refer not specifically to a number of episodes\nthat Nakamura's got to work on, but to an episode itself which is a part of a\ncompleted franchise:\n\n> **小黒** もう１ **本** 参加した弐拾四 **話** 「最後のシ者」はどこを？\n\nAt the same time, we know that 本 is usually used in regards to movies,\ncomputer software, and video games. And\n[here](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1410159794)\nsomeone suggested an interesting theory as to why. If we were to base off of\nthat theory, any episode is a collection of cuts, which in turn are\ncompilations of cels with drawings (not really true these days, but whatever),\nand any episode also consists of lots of writing (including writing that\nprecedes the drawings itself and sets the way they are going to be,\nessentially being the ソース), hence 本.\n\nSo my question is – am I right assuming that 本 is the counter that should be\nused specifically in the context of an episode _production_ , but not when\nit's finished? If so, how come it is that way, providing the theory above is\nwrong.\n\nThank you.",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"counters",
"anime"
],
"title": "Counters 本 and 話 within the context of anime production (need sakuga fans' insight)",
"view_count": 296
} | [
{
"body": "I might be wrong, but it seems that 話 is used for tv series mostly. 本 is for\nmovies and stand alone/special episodes. As for why 本 is used as such, I can\nonly guess, but maybe it originally came from the meaning of script(kind of\nbook).",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T00:19:40.380",
"id": "40048",
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{
"body": "* One stand-alone movie would be 一本 for sure.\n\n * 話 is for TV series episode, for sure.\n\nAccording to the following samples, 1 DVD is sometimes (or often) counted as\n一本, or 1巻.\n\n(They are asking, [How many episodes in 1 DVD ?] )\n\n * detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp › ... › アニメ、コミック › アニメ 2011/05/28 - テレビアニメAirのDVDは一本に何話入っていて、何本ありますか？ 二話ずつ入って六本だったと思います。\n\n * 銀魂のdvdって、一本に何話収録されていますか？今から全話レンタル ... detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp › ... › アニメ、コミック › アニメ \n基本1巻に4話収録されています。 ... シーズンその壱1巻は2話ですし、15分で1話の場合もあるので巻によって違います。 初めの頃の話は ...\n\n * detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp › ... › アニメ、コミック › アニメ 2016/04/08 - アニメ「氷菓」のレンタルDVDは1本辺りに何話収録されていますか？？調べたら収録時間80分とあったので3話ずつでしょうか？？？ 各巻2話収録の全11巻です(全22話)収録時間の80分は映像特典を含めた物になります...\n\nDVDって１枚、２枚と数えるのかと思ったが、商品になったら、 １本、２本、… １巻、２巻、… が多いのかもしれん。\n\n（Volume 1, 2）１巻、２巻、… というのは漫画コミック本の影響か？",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T01:54:34.277",
"id": "40050",
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"body": "You're on the whole right about 話, that it can be straightforwardly translated\nas \"episode\", which means, the counter represents the viewpoint of audience\nwho enjoy the content of the work through the media regardless of its\nproduction form.\n\nAs for 本, it's difficult to give a generic explanation because it's a highly\nabstract word nowadays, but roughly has nuance to emphasize physical and\ntangible aspects when referring to an intangible work; somewhat similar to\nsaying \"a piece of work\". In this sense:\n\n> 一話見た ~ \"watched an _episode_ \" ←→ 一本見た ~ \"watched a _video_ \"\n\nIn this interview, I can easily imagine they use 本 visualizing their\ndeliverable product to the TV station: _an episode's worth of master film_ (or\n_tape_ , or _data_ on disk, or whatever). Though less probable here, 本 also\ncan stand for a defined chunk of task or job, so some usages in the interview\nmight be able to be interpreted in this way.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 40047 | 40059 | 40048 |
{
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"body": "What does this mean?\n\n> **ごにゃごにゃ** と何かを言う",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T02:27:19.227",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does this ごにゃごにゃ onomatopoeia mean?",
"view_count": 412
} | [
{
"body": "ごにゃごにゃと何かを言う \nHe/she is saying something like \"gonya-gonya\".\n\nごにゃごにゃ is not a word per se because it is not listed in the dictionary. It is\njust a transcription of what that person is trying to say.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T02:34:40.503",
"id": "40054",
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{
"body": "ごにゃごにゃ is an onomatopoeia for mumbling, or grumbling.\n\n> ごにゃごにゃと何かを言う \n> _mumble something ≂ say something indistinctly / something nonsense_",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T03:38:35.107",
"id": "40057",
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{
"body": "ごにゃごにゃ isn't a commonly seen mimetic word, but understandable as a mixture of\ntwo more frequently used ones.\n\n> ごちゃごちゃ: unordered/messy/jumbled \n> ごにょごにょ: muttering/mumbling/murmuring\n\nSo you could say:\n\n> ごにゃごにゃ: mumble-jumble :P",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T04:37:22.333",
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| 40053 | null | 40060 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40066",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In skype conversations and the subtitles of a lot of shows I see たら being\ntranslated as \"when\" in some of them it seems quite morbid almost to use たら\nfor example 帰ったら to me sounds more like \"if you go home\" Implying that there\nis some possibility that you might not get home. Is たら more certain than the\nEnglish \"if\" or is this just a translation done from context?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T03:15:21.587",
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"id": "40056",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "How certain is たら？",
"view_count": 219
} | [
{
"body": "It does mean \"if\", but it feels quite likely you will do it. So it often can\nbe interpreted as \"when\".\n\nThe level of certainty and whether to use \"if\" or \"when\" can be understood\nfrom context.\n\n帰ったら、電話してね！Call me when you get home ok!? \nHere we have a follow up action, so it is pretty much implied you will be\nback. There is a chance you won't go back, but that would be something like\ngetting lost or killed on the way.\n\n帰ったら気をつけてね！If you go back, be careful! \nHere, the follow up is related to the event of going back, and not what to do\nafter you go back, so much more \"conditional\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T03:43:41.753",
"id": "40058",
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{
"body": "> How certain is たら?\n\nThis question reads like asking, \"How certain is **if** in English?\" Nobody\ncan tell exactly unless they know the full context. Also, it depends on what\nyou say. If you say something like,\n\n> [明日]{あした}になったら, ピクニックに[行]{い}きしょう.\n>\n> If (when) tomorrow comes, let's go on a picnic.\n\nIs there any chance that there will be no tomorrow? Yes, if a nuclear war\nbreaks out today, there will be no tomorrow for us, but how likely is it?\n\n帰ったら can imply both. But if the following clause indicates an **immediate\naction** , it could have more certainty.\n\n> [外]{そと}から[帰]{かえ}ったら[必]{かなら}ず[嗽]{うがい}をする.\n>\n> When (If) I come back from outside (other places), I always brush my teeth.\n\nThe following link [Japanese Conditional Form - Part 4. ~たら (~tara)\nSentence](http://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/japanese-conditional-form-\ntara.html) will help you better understand it.",
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| 40056 | 40066 | 40066 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> ぼくに何かできるのかと言えば、難しいところだ。例えば逃げ出すことを考える。\n\nI know it's wrong, but this was the best I could come up with:\n\n\"I can't really say what I can't do. For example running away.\"",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T05:30:24.767",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Could someone help me translate this sentence?",
"view_count": 293
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{
"body": "This sentence has the nuance of someone saying they can't do something. But\nJapanese are not direct and won't flat out say \"I can't\" to be polite as\npossible - in most cases. This person is basically saying \"If you're asking\nwhat I can do about this (whatever) it's too much for me. I'll just run away.\"\nBasically you're saying \"I can't do this.\" But you'd never hear someone just\nflat out say it in most contexts. I don't know where you found this sentence,\nbut I'm guessing it's from a novel or an older, more story-driven game.\n\n> \"If you're asking whether I can do something about it, it's too much trouble\n> for me. (I'm considering running away for example.)\"",
"comment_count": 8,
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"id": "40064",
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"body": "ぼくに To me\n\n何かできるのか (Is there) anything that you can do(?)\n\nと言えば、If you say\n\n難しいところだ。(It is) a difficult thing.\n\n例えば For example,\n\n逃げ出すことを考える。I think about running away\n\nThe above is the word for word literal translation. It might not make perfect\nsense in English. But the following sentence could make more sense.\n\nIf you say to me, \"Is there anything that you can do?\", it is difficult to\nsay, but I think running away is the thing that I could consider.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T07:55:14.603",
"id": "40065",
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{
"body": "> ぼくに何かできるのかと言えば、難しいところだ。例えば逃げ出すことを考える。\n\nThe first sentence is a roundabout one that is typically heard from an\nembattled politician, but it roughly just means \"I can hardly think of what I\ncan do\".\n\n * ぼくに何かできるのか: \"whether or not I can do something\". ([embedded question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13034/5010); [why に is used with できる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36481/5010))\n * と言えば: と is the quotative particle. Literally \"if [I] say ～\", but here this works as an idiomatic and emphatic topic marker. \"Speaking of ～\", \"When it comes to ～\". [More examples on JGram](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=toieba).\n * 難しいところだ: \"that's the difficult part/point/problem.\" See: [Meaning of ところ in アメリカのいいところ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23738/5010)\n * 例えば逃げ出すことを考える: \"For example, I think of running away.\" He says so because he can't think of something more helpful.",
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| 40061 | null | 40114 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40063",
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"body": "> 指名して誘うんなら、お前じゃなきゃダメなんだってくらいの熱意は見せないと失礼だ\n\nSo it's like\n\n> If it's a designated nomination then you're the one who has to go. After all\n> it would be pretty rude if you wouldn't show off your enthusiasm.\n\nSo くらい is like a comparison which is like an extent but in this case how does\nthat work with なんだって?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T06:34:12.707",
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of なんだって here",
"view_count": 545
} | [
{
"body": "You got the translation wrong, it would be something like: \"You invited the\nguy directly [probably for a job offer] so it would be rude not to show any\nenthusiasm, something like ' _there is only YOU who can fit this position!_ '\"\n\nThe くらい is to show to _which point_ the guy should show enthusiasm. \ne.g.: ― How much? ― this（くらい） much.\n\nThe なんだって is just part of the citation the person uses to express what has to\nbe said: \"お前じゃなきゃダメなんだ\" and because it is a citation, you need the って.",
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| 40062 | 40063 | 40063 |
{
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"body": "My dictionary shows kara twice:\n\n```\n\n kara: from\n kara: since, because\n \n```\n\nIs there a difference in the way these two are written or is there just one\nmeaning?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T13:48:13.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40069",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"words",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Does Kara have two meanings: since, because and from?",
"view_count": 4840
} | [
{
"body": "A dictionary for use by english speakers learning japanese may list both of\nthose meanings because in english there is a more definitive difference\nbetween these two meanings.\n\nから is always spelled the same for these two contexts in japanese. Lets take a\nlook at them both, followed by a tip on what to do with から as you learn.\n\n* * *\n\n## From example\n\nTake for example the following\n\n\"I came from America.\"\n\n```\n\n 私はアメリカからきました。\n \n```\n\nIn this sentence, から would be like \"from\" in English.\n\n* * *\n\n## Because example\n\nThe following would be an example of \"because\" in english.\n\n\"Because I understand Japanese, I speak to Japanese people\"\n\n```\n\n 日本語が分かるから日本人と話します。\n \n```\n\nBoth of these are spelled the same and the nuance of the meaning depends on\nthe context.\n\n* * *\n\n## In conclusion\n\nI would recommend that you treat から as a sort of a different thing than the\ntwo meanings you have been given in english. Try not to treat them seperately.\n\nTo a japanese speaking person, there is not really a difference in the same\nway you would see a difference in english. から is just から and so as you learn\nto view it that way, it helps your mastery of the language.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T15:02:45.097",
"id": "40070",
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"body": "Generally, not only in this case, determining if multiple definitions of a\nword form are _homonymous_ (i.e. being distinct concepts) or _polysemous_\n(i.e. being a single concept) is a hard problem in theoretical linguistics.\n\nIt's safe to say the two definitions of _kara_ you cited are usually covered\nunder the same headword in Japanese-Japanese dictionaries, because they are\netymologically identical, and have relatively clear semantic similarity, but\ngrammatically not equal, being postposition and conjunction, respectively.\n\n* * *\n\nThe effort to delimit exact borderlines between meanings tends to be\nunproductive and opinion-based. For example:\n\n> The U.S. should elect a woman **as** president \" **as** soon **as**\n> possible,\"... ([source](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/michelle-obama-wants-a-\n> woman-president-as-soon-as-possible/))\n\nAre the three instances of _as_ same meaning? At least, they all belong\nseparate parts of speech, so very different in function. Some English\ndictionaries list them as _as 1_, _as 2_..., but Japanese dictionaries don't\nlike this way.\n\nYou cannot rely on translation, either. Are \"sleeping\" _dream_ and \"fancying\"\n_dream_ same thing? They share the same word in many languages, including\nEnglish and Japanese, but are separate ideas in many other languages,\nincluding Finnish and Russian.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-11-12T18:59:39.770",
"id": "40849",
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"body": "I'm going take a different tack on this from everyone else.\n\nIf you go back to earlier Indo-European languages such as Latin, but more so\nlike Sanskrit, you see a very similar use of the ablative case to express both\nthe idea of \"from\" and \"because\". There are still vestiges of this in English\nwhen we say something along the lines of\n\n> From what I've seen,....\n\nwhich can easily be rephrased as\n\n> Because of what I've seen,....\n\nIn Japanese, the difference in the meanings should be clear from context. If\nから follows a noun, the most likely meaning is \"from\". If から follows a verb,\nthen it's most likely going to mean \"because\" unless it's follow the \"te\" form\nof the verb, in which case, から will mean \"after\".",
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| 40069 | null | 40851 |
{
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"body": "I saw a person write his name in Romaji as Ko **h** suke. I am a beginner\nJapanese student and it struck me as odd to see that \"h\" in there. I would\nhave thought his name to be written as Kosuke if it were to follow proper\nform.\n\nIs the introduction of the single \"h\" a common convention to aid with\npronunciation? Or perhaps something he just does to set his name apart from\nothers?\n\nUnfortunately I do not have access to the Kanji representation of his name.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-17T16:22:20.717",
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"tags": [
"names",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "Kohsuke or Kosuke?",
"view_count": 324
} | [
{
"body": "Kosuke is not bad, but one may think of it as こすけ rather than his actual name\nこうすけ.\n\nI think it is common to use \"h\" to avoid this. For example, famous baseball\nplayer [王]{おう}[貞治]{さだはる} played with \"OH\" on his back.\n\nAn alternative way to handle this kind of pronunciation is to use a macron\nlike Kōsuke.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T16:35:49.953",
"id": "40073",
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"parent_id": "40071",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40071 | 40073 | 40073 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40101",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have two questions regarding the style of the classic story 風の又三郎 by 宮沢賢治.\n([Full text available on\n青空文庫](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000081/files/462_15405.html))\n\n1) Most of the characters use a dialect which I believe is 岩手弁, which comes\nfrom the author's home region. Is this dialogue still spoken today in much the\nsame form, or has it aged/evolved over several centuries? Also, would this\ndialogue in that era (around 1930s) be spoken by country people, city people,\nor both?\n\n2) The book is written with a surprising level of politeness I haven't seen\nbefore. For example, most descriptive text uses 敬語, even to the extent where\nですます調 is used mid-sentence (i.e. ...行きますと...). Also, the teacher's speech when\nspeaking to children is overly polite (ex: ”静かにするのです\" instead of ”静かにしなさい\").\nIs there a cultural/historical/regional reason for this extra politeness?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T16:23:14.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40072",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T10:50:48.107",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T08:18:50.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"dialects",
"literature"
],
"title": "Dialogue and politeness level in 風の又三郎",
"view_count": 153
} | [
{
"body": "1) I'm not good at 東北弁 at all, but like any other dialects in Japan, 東北弁 is\nrather quickly disappearing. I believe only old people in rural areas of\nTohoku region can speak fluent 東北弁 today. Even in this novel written more than\n80 years ago, 東北弁 is used as a role-language that represents country kids (先生\nuses standard Japanese).\n\n2) Fairy tales and folklore (e.g., 桃太郎, シンデレラ) are usually conveyed in this\nstyle. 宮沢賢治 is more like a 童話作家 than a 小説家, so I think this writing style was\nnatural to him. People may intentionally choose this writing style when they\nwrite an allegorical story or children's story (for example, see\n[蜘蛛の糸](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000879/files/92_14545.html) by 芥川龍之介).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T06:27:32.747",
"id": "40101",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I did not read that book, so I will assume that you are correct with your\nassumption that it is Iwate-ben.\n\nI live in Touhoku in a region very close to Iwate and I must say that the\ndialects are nearly non existent in the big cities. But my wife's\ngrandparents, who were raised around the 1930 in a very rural place and\nalthough I have been very fluent in Japanese for many years, I can absolutely\nnot communicate with them at all. Even most native Japanese cannot communicate\nwith them. My point is, the language has been evolving insanely quickly, and\n80 years is a very long time ago.\n\nAs for 静かにするのです, it seems about right. Even though they used です instead of だ\nit still feels quite bossy.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T06:33:41.533",
"id": "40102",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T08:21:17.303",
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40072 | 40101 | 40101 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40097",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "English word \"tonight\" can have a meaning \"this evening\" and \"this night\" as\nwell. I can translate into Japanese both of them as [今夜]{こんや}. But how to\ntranslate it into Japanese to mean exactly \"this evening\" (before midnight)\nand \"this night\" (I mean after midnight, for example at 1 AM)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T17:22:28.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40075",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T03:40:47.420",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-17T17:23:30.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "7045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to translate \"tonight\" meaning \"this evening\" and \"this night\"?",
"view_count": 11817
} | [
{
"body": "I believe [今晩]{こん・ばん} encompasses both evening and night. According to the\nJapanese dictionaries built-in to my macOS (大辞泉 and スーパー大辞林; not sure of the\nversions), 晩 has meanings of\n\n> * [日暮]{ひ・ぐ}れ, [夕暮]{ゆう・ぐ}れ → sunset, dusk\n> * [夕方]{ゆう・がた} → evening\n> * 夜 → night\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T17:32:03.913",
"id": "40076",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T17:32:03.913",
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},
{
"body": "The weather report uses the following words: \n夜遅く: from 9pm to midnight \n未明: from midnight to 3am \n明け方: from 3am to 6am\n\nSo you could say 今夜未明 to mean \"this night after midnight\".\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/228567/meaning/m1u/%E5%A4%9C/> \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/213462/meaning/m0u/%E6%9C%AA%E6%98%8E/> \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/3055/meaning/m0u/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T03:40:47.420",
"id": "40097",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "40075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40075 | 40097 | 40097 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40079",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I stumbled upon the following sentence in the J-drama \"Mother\".\n\n書けない理由でもあるの\n\nA teacher is talking to a student who isn't doing an exercise. I'm aware that\nthe teacher is asking whether there is a reason why the student can't do the\nexercise. But what is the でも doing there? I would understand a が.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T18:48:23.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40078",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T19:34:51.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "Meaning of でも in this sentence",
"view_count": 84
} | [
{
"body": "> Do you have a reason _or something_ why you can't write it?\n\nFrom [Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82), the 5th\ndefinition, \"or something\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T19:28:41.737",
"id": "40079",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T19:34:51.910",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-17T19:34:51.910",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "40078",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 40078 | 40079 | 40079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40083",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A daughter is telling her dad about an incident that happened at school. He\nreplies:\n\n> 「へー、そりゃえれぇことになっちまったな」\n\nI think this is the same as:\n\n> 「へー、それはえらいことになってしまったな」\n\nI don't understand the meaning of えれぇ in this sentence. I'm translating it as\n\n> This has ended up becoming a **famous** event.\n\nbut she is telling him on the same evening as the incident happened so\n'famous' doesn't seem likely. Is there a more obvious translation that fits\nthe context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T20:01:49.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40080",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T21:05:08.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of えれぇ in this sentence",
"view_count": 424
} | [
{
"body": "えらい can have a positive or negative meaning depending on context:\n\nWhen talking about a person of great status for example you'd refer to them as\nえらい人 and it has a positive meaning\n\nbut here since it's an event and an incident at that the meaning becomes like\n大変な or 非常に and means something like: very/ extreemely, it has a negative\nnuance that is implied and the meaning becomes somthing like:\n\n> This has ended up being a **terrible** event.\n\nSo it's all dependent on context whether it means great, good or terribe, bad\netc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T20:56:11.053",
"id": "40083",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T20:56:11.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17779",
"parent_id": "40080",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/25542/meaning/m0u/> \n> ２ 物事の状態が普通ではないさま。 \n> ㋐程度がはなはだしい。ひどい。「今日は―・く寒い」「―・い混雑だった」 \n> ㋑予想外である。ひどく困ったさまである。「―・い目にあった」 \n> ㋒苦しい。つらい。しんどい。「歩きどおしでからだが―・い」\n\nえらいこと usually means this: ㋑予想外である。ひどく困ったさまである。「―・い目にあった」 --- or possibly\n㋐程度がはなはだしい。ひどい。「今日は―・く寒い」「―・い混雑だった」\n\n[jisho.org/search えらいこと\n](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%88%E3%82%89%E3%81%84%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8)\n\n * awful; terrible (Usually written using kana alone) -- 妻はアメリカでの新しい生活のリズムに慣れるのにえらい苦労した。 == My wife had a hard time getting into the swing of our new life in America.\n\n * 吹雪でえらい目に遭った。== We had a terrible time in the blizzard.\n\n * 偉いこっちゃ== 1. What are we going to do?; uh-oh; oh crap (Usually written using kana alone, Kansai dialect)\n\n「えらいこっちゃ」 == 大変なことだ\n\nえらいことや --> えらいこっちゃ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T20:57:40.260",
"id": "40084",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T21:05:08.410",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-17T21:05:08.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40080 | 40083 | 40083 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40082",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **わりィ** のはその関口って奴じゃねぇか。\n\nI'm guessing that this って is という rather than は. So I get something like\n\n> It's that idiot Sekiguchi isn't it?\n\nI can't even begin to guess at what the わりィ part is though.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T20:14:53.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40081",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T20:19:06.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"contractions",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of わりィ in this sentence",
"view_count": 636
} | [
{
"body": "It is just a phonetic reduction of 悪い{わるい}.\n\nSo we can translate the sentence as\n\n> わりィのはその関口って奴じゃねぇか。\n\n_The one who's in the wrong is that Sekiguchi guy, right._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T20:19:06.560",
"id": "40082",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-17T20:19:06.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "816",
"parent_id": "40081",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40081 | 40082 | 40082 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40086",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In an informal setting, imagine doing a 自己{じこ}紹介{しょうかい} and you want to\ndeflect the conversation away from yourself. What about saying:\n\n> 私は社会人だけです。毎日、頑張っています。\n\nDoes that leave you with the feeling of:\n\n> I am nothing special. I am just a simple member of society, and trying to\n> make my way through life as best I can.\n\nThe listener would still have no idea what you do (but that is the point). If\nyou did do something cool and interesting (something to have pride in), that\ncan come-out later. Trying to establish intellectual / financial dominance at\n\"hello\" just is not cool. Just say \" _I'm a regular Joe._ \" / \"私は社会人です\", then\nin a later intimate discussion you can learn more about each other.\n\nDoes that make sense? Basically, in an informal 自己紹介 could one just say:\n\n> 私は社会人です。\n\nOr, is that just _way_ too vague?\n\nps: I really do _not_ do anything interesting! I am just trying to get a feel\nfor Japanese and how to do 自己紹介。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T21:46:50.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40085",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T12:35:20.430",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-17T23:24:43.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "15778",
"owner_user_id": "15778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "Is saying \"私は社会人です\" self-deprecating when you meet someone? Is it too vague?",
"view_count": 512
} | [
{
"body": "If you want to hide your profession, you could say that and then go on to\nexplain things that you like to do, your age etc. instead. It is not self-\ndeprecating but it is vague and most people will wonder what you do.\n\nIf you're learning Japanese, a good sentence for your 自己紹介 would be how many\nyears you have been studying Japanese and then go into why you started etc.\nNote that the 自己紹介 is **_a way to get other people to know you_** , probably a\nphenomenon spawned from a generally shy culture (my guess).\n\n> 社会人です。3年間日本語を勉強しています。勉強し始めたきっかけは「漢字」でした。よろしくお願いします。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-17T22:29:06.407",
"id": "40086",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T01:00:11.463",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T01:00:11.463",
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"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "40085",
"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "Unsurprisingly, introducing yourself only as 社会人です is _way_ too vague; it's\nalmost no different from saying \"I am a human being\".\n\nIf you want to hide the details of your job, safer and common ways are:\n\n * 会社員です。 (lit. \"company member\", if you work at a private company)\n * サラリーマンです。 (lit. \"[salaryman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaryman)\", full-time salaried worker in general, including a government worker)\n * 自営業です。 (self-employed worker in general, includes a farmer, a musician, a journalist, a freelance programmer)\n\nIf you say one of these, people will probably understand you don't want to\ndisclose your job, and refrain from asking you \"where do you work?\"\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, 私は社会人だけです does not make sense because だけ doesn't work as you\nexpect. This sentence is not about whether you do something other than 社会人, is\nit? Instead, you can say:\n\n> * 私は単なる会社員です。 (単なる ≒ simple; mere)\n> * 私はどこにでもいる会社員です。 (どこにでもいる ≒ (lit.) ～ that exists everywhere; just another\n> ～)\n> * 私は平凡な会社員です。 (平凡な ≒ ordinary; mundane)\n>\n\nOf course these sound more or less self-deprecating, so please use with care.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T12:35:20.430",
"id": "40110",
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}
]
| 40085 | 40086 | 40110 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've noticed that there are multiple ways of providing or asking for a\nrecommendation in Japanese.\n\nThe sentence structures I'm talking about are as follows:\n\n> したらいい \n> すればいい \n> したほうがいい\n\nIn almost all situations I see these they get translated as \"should do\" and\nthey all seem to share a common structure of equating the done action as being\n\"good\" but is there a difference in nuance or are they interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T00:30:50.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40087",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-18T09:06:18.293",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-01T22:33:38.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "17812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 16,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Difference between ”conditional” いい and 方がいい for providing recommendations",
"view_count": 2927
} | [
{
"body": "That's complicated... Although they can sometimes mean the same thing, they\nall have their own specific way to be used that could in some cases not be\ninterchangeable.\n\nすれば is for more imaginary/hypothetical/have yet to happen situations. \nこうすればいけるかもしれない。\n\nしたら is for more for facts/occurred/related to a specific individual\nsituations. \n掃除したらきれいになるよ。\n\nした方がいい is the one that can be used to compare 2 possibilities. \n青いやつより、赤いやつにした方がいい。\n\nThis could also be a good read for you: <http://tinyurl.com/jzt5leh>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T01:04:50.433",
"id": "40089",
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},
{
"body": "First, I will discuss the difference between 「～～し **たら** いい」 and 「～～す **れば**\nいい」.\n\nThe difference between the two expressions stems directly from the difference\nbetween 「たら」 and 「れば」. Both practically mean the same thing, but as for\nnuance, 「たら」 is more informal and conversational than 「れば」. The difference\nmight not be a significant one in many situations, but it surely exists.\n\nThus, 「したらいい」 and 「すればいい」 are interchangeable only for the meaning. Careful\nspeakers might also (try to) make alterations with the other words and phrases\nwithin the sentence to reflect the change in formality between 「たら」 and 「れば」.\nWhether or not those alterations are necessary would totally depend on the\nactual sentences.\n\nMoving on to the difference between the two expressions I just discussed above\nand 「～～したほうがいい」. There is a difference in meaning/usage here even though it\nmight not always be reflected in the English translations - \"You should ~~\",\n\"You'd better ~~\", etc.\n\n「したほうがいい」 is used to give or ask for a recommendation _**when you are\nbasically choosing between TWO (2) possible actions**_. This would mean\nchoosing between \"Action A and Action B\" or between \"Action A and not taking\nAction A\".\n\n「したらいい」 and 「すればいい」 can be used _**when the number of possible actions to take\nis between two and infinity**_.\n\nThus, the interchangeability is limited between 「したほうがいい」 and the other two.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-17T04:35:19.243",
"id": "41744",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
]
| 40087 | null | 41744 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was thinking about something like: \" I will laugh\" but it seems kinda\nunnatural",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T02:42:28.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40090",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T07:02:36.813",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T03:37:07.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How do you translate 笑っておく?",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "Depending on the context, I think it may have the sense of:\n\n * \"I better laugh now, in case circumstances change such that it becomes inappropriate or difficult to laugh later\"\n * \"I expect what's about to happen to be funny, so I'll save you the time and I'll mockingly laugh ahead of what you're about to do\"\n\nOf course none of these are actual translations, i.e. you wouldn't replace\n笑っておく in a conversation with the above sentences.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-18T03:59:03.603",
"id": "40099",
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{
"body": "おく is one of the Japanese [subsidiary\nverbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010), and is discussed in\ndetail in this question: [What does the \"~ておく\" mean in\n\"任せておく\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5216/5010)\n\nIn the case of 笑っておく, the third definition is the most likely one. You can\nprobably translate this as:\n\n * to laugh at something for now (not knowing how else one can respond to someone's statement)\n * to laugh at something anyway (and forget it)\n * to just laugh at something (and let it lie)\n\nAs @Flaw said, \"to laugh beforehand / in preparation\" is a less likely but\npossible interpretation, depending on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-18T05:59:37.530",
"id": "40100",
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"body": "I guess nobody could post an answer for sure until further context provided,\nbut the situation I first came up with looking at the phrase 笑っておく is \"do\nsomething superficially or for manners' sake\", as in (loose translation):\n\n> 英語のジョークはちっともわからなかったが、周りが笑っているので笑っておいた。 \n> _I didn't understand any English joke, but people around me were laughing,\n> and so did I._\n>\n> 上司がつまらない冗談を言ったが、笑わないのも失礼なので笑っておく。 \n> _My boss made a lame joke, but I decide I'm going to laugh to save his\n> face._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T07:02:36.813",
"id": "40103",
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"score": 3
}
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| 40090 | null | 40103 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40096",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My dictionary says they are both translated to the word \"nine\".\n\nCan someone help clarify this for me.\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T03:07:01.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40092",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between Kokonotsu and kyū",
"view_count": 1571
} | [
{
"body": "kyuu is the basic number. kokonotsu is 9 of something. kokonoka is 9 days,\nkyuuhon is 9 glasses...\n\nthere are hundreds of those, they are called counters and you should study\nthem to learn how they work.\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_counter_word>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-18T03:27:07.507",
"id": "40095",
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},
{
"body": "ここのつ is a traditional Japanese word, while 九 is one of Chinese numerals (漢数字)\nwhich are common to most of Eastern Asian languages.\n\nIt also should be mentioned that you can't use 漢数字 without using a counter\nword (助数詞) for appropriate cathegory when counting objects. For example, the\nfollowing are two different ways to say \"there are 9 pencils\" in Japanese:\n\n「鉛筆が九本」 (where 本 is a counter word appropriate for pencils)\n\n「鉛筆がここのつ」 (no counter word is needed here)\n\nYou may always replace 漢数字 with a traditional Japanese numeral in that way for\nall quantities that are equal or lesser than 9 - especially if you are not\nsure which counter word should be used with a cathegory of objects that you're\ntrying to count, but sometimes this can be considered illiterate.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T03:37:53.630",
"id": "40096",
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]
| 40092 | 40096 | 40096 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40098",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "While I was playing Persona 5 JAP version on the PS4, I noticed that Morgana,\none of the characters in the game refer to itself using \" ワガハイ \".\n\nWhy does it use that? and what does it really mean?\n\nI refer to Morgana to \" it \" because it's a talking cat",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-18T03:14:26.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40093",
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"owner_user_id": "18301",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Definition of ワガハイ",
"view_count": 2024
} | [
{
"body": "ワガハイ is just one of archaisms for \"me\" (also see 「拙者」、「わらわ」、「わし」, e.t.c).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T03:21:08.953",
"id": "40094",
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},
{
"body": "Since it's a cat, I feel like it may be in reference to this book titled\n[吾輩は猫である](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_a_Cat).\n\nワガハイ or 吾輩 in kanji, is an archaic first person address term.\n\n> Why does it use that? and what does it really mean?\n\nIt carries a feeling of pompousness and self-importance (which is of course\nvery important for a cat). Wikipedia says:\n\n> Sōseki's original title, Wagahai wa Neko de Aru, uses very high-register\n> phrasing more appropriate to a nobleman, conveying a grandiloquence and\n> self-importance intended to sound ironic, since the speaker, an\n> anthropomorphised domestic cat, is a house cat, not feral.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T03:49:42.427",
"id": "40098",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "542",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 40093 | 40098 | 40098 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Consider the following sentence.\n\n> A:「足が出る」と（いうの）は出費が予定していた **より** 多くなることだ。\n\nIt seems to me that this sentence compares a noun 出費 with a verb 予定していた.\n\nLet us compare it with a simpler example comparing a noun with another noun as\nfollows.\n\n> B: 熱いミルクは冷たいミルク **より** おいしい。Hot milk is more delicious than cold one.\n\nIs it grammatically correct in Japanese to compare a verb with a noun as in\nsentence A?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T07:36:42.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40104",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T07:57:29.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can we compare a noun with a verb in Japanese?",
"view_count": 779
} | [
{
"body": "There is no comparison in this sentence. It is simply explaining that the\nexpression「足が出る」means to have used more money than planned.\n\nThe \"と\" here is not used to compare but to sort of quote the expression. as in\n「いいよ」 **と** 言いました。\n\nより compares 多くなること and 予定... kinda... comparison between the amount you used\nand the amount your planned to use. 「足が出る」と is irrelevant to the comparison.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T07:45:06.033",
"id": "40105",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T07:54:14.607",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T07:54:14.607",
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
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},
{
"body": "In English, you can compare a noun with an action, for example\n\n> I spent more money than I expected/planned/thought I would spend.\n\nJust because there is no noun after the conjunction **than** doesn't mean it\nis not a comparative sentence. The same logic applies to the sentence.\n\n> 足が出るとは To make a loss means (Literally, what we call 足が出る is)\n>\n> 出費が予定していたより多くなることだ。Expenses become bigger than we have been planning.\n\nHere, the comparison is expenses vs (expenses) we have been planning (to\nspend).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T08:00:23.407",
"id": "40106",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T08:00:23.407",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12259",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I think I understand why this is confusing now.\n\nFrom weblio:\n\n> より （ 格助 ） ①比較の基準を表す。「よりは」「よりも」「よりか」などの形をとることが多い。 「富士山－高い山」 「 **思った－も**\n> 立派なできばえ」...\n\nBut in the definition for 格助詞 it says this:\n\n> 【格助詞】 助詞の一類。 **体言または体言に準ずる語に付き**\n> ，その語が他の語に対してどのような関係に立つかを示すもの。「花が咲く」「学校へ行く」の「が」「へ」など。口語では「が」「の」「を」「に」「へ」「と」「より」「から」「で」など...\n\nNeither「予想していた」nor「思った」are 体言 (nouns or noun-phrases). \nSo why is it OK to use the 格助詞「より」like in your example? \nThis is your confusion, correct?\n\nI think if we went by the above dictionary definitions that we should expect,\n\n * 「思った **の** より立派」and\n * 「予想していた **の** より多い」 \n\nbut the reality is that it is more usually said and written without the\nnominalizing の.\n\nPerhaps 思った and 予想していた are considered as 体言に準ずるもの, but I'm not sure why in\nthis case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T08:06:08.407",
"id": "40107",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40104 | null | 40106 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40109",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I see Mainen and Maitoshi used for every year? Is there any difference and why\nwould one be used over another?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T09:16:53.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40108",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T22:24:14.073",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-19T20:19:00.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"words",
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Mainen or Maitoshi used for every year?",
"view_count": 7598
} | [
{
"body": "As far as I know there is no difference except that maitoshi is used much more\nfrequently.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T09:20:27.443",
"id": "40109",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T09:20:27.443",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
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"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q115611556> \n> Q. 毎年は 「まいとし」 「まいねん」 どっちですか？\n>\n> A. どちらの読み方でも問題ありませんよ。 日常会話とか会議報告とか、それぞれの雰囲気にあった読み方を選んでください。\n\nSo this person suggests that \"Mainen\" sounds more formal (more business\n-like), and I agree.\n\n「とし」 makes me think of this character ( 歳 ), but it may be just me.\n\n> dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/206813/meaning/m0u/ -- まいさい【毎歳】 === 毎年。としごと。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T20:09:41.293",
"id": "40144",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T22:24:14.073",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "40108",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40108 | 40109 | 40109 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40112",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I get the feeling this question might have a whole lot answers with no one,\ntrue correct one, but I've been really itching to figure out how exactly to\nexpress this in Japanese as there have been several times where I want to say\nit but I'm not sure how. I've been falling back to a really literal and simple\nof way saying it, which I don't even know if it's right but, as 「考えが変わった」which\nalways feels horrible and weird to me whenever I say it, but I have to say\nsomething instead of just standing there like an idiot with my mouth wide\nopen.\n\nTo provide some context, I was at 7-11 getting some oden, and I chose the\nsmaller option trying to hold back on the amount of soup since I wasn't super\nhungry, but I noticed it didn't have enough room for everything I wanted. I\nfirst tried to think of how to say, \"it doesn't look like it will fit so I'll\ntake the large one instead,\" but I had no idea what \"to fit\" or anything\nsimilar was in Japanese, so I then tried to think of how to say \"I changed my\nmind,\" but remembered I still have no idea how to say that, and fell back onto\nthe above mentioned phrase.\n\nAs I said earlier, I have a feeling that how to express this in Japanese might\nheavily depend on the situation and might not have a set phrase like in\nEnglish, but, for the situation I just described above, how would one express\nit then? If you could also tell me what \"to fit\" in this case is too, that\nwould be lovely.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T12:44:43.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40111",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-15T16:54:10.423",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-15T16:54:10.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "4941",
"owner_user_id": "17915",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How would you say \"I changed my mind\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 7781
} | [
{
"body": "I think I understand your feeling, it sometimes happens that an expression\nthat we are so used to using in English just doesn't exist in Japanese and it\ncan be frustrating.\n\nThe closest you will get is probably 気が変わる. Which literally means I change my\nmind.\n\nBut in most cases, it's best to just explain the situation. \nUsing words such as やっぱり or 結局 can help you a lot. \nYou can often hear やっぱりやめた。(Giving up on what you were thinking of choosing) \nYou can also say things like 結局これにする (After all I think I will go with that\none.) \nThere is also 考え直す which means you have reconsidered.\n\nIn your situation you could have explained and said something like:\n\n> 結局入れすぎちゃったので、大きいサイズにしてもいいですか。\n\nAs for to fit, there are many ways to say it but I guess \"合う\" might be your\nbest bet:\n\n> サイズが合わない",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T13:01:56.360",
"id": "40112",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40111",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
]
| 40111 | 40112 | 40112 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Consider the English sentence \"I ate an apple in the train.\". This can be\ntranslated to\n\n> わたしは でんしゃで りんごを たべました。\n\nIt is possible to re-order the location and objects in this sentence. For\ninstance, one might also say\n\n> わたしは りんごを でんしゃで たべました。\n\nPre-question: Is this a usual sentence structure? Is this sentence\n\n * good,\n * uncommon, but understandable or\n * grammatically wrong?\n\n(If this changes emphasis is not part of this question.)\n\nMy understanding is that this can be a valid sentence, but may sound odd for\nnative speakers.\n\n* * *\n\nCan the topic also be re-ordered like this? For example, consider this\nsentence:\n\n> りんごを わたしは でんしゃで たべました。\n\nIs this sentence\n\n * good,\n * uncommon, but understandable or\n * grammatically wrong?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T13:27:23.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40113",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T13:27:23.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18305",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"particle-は",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Can the topic は be ordered after other words or phrases?",
"view_count": 34
} | []
| 40113 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can somebody please help me understand the following sentence:\n\n> なにをするにも、「おそい」ということはないの **じゃから** 。\n\nI am having trouble with the part that I've bolded (じゃから).\n\nI think so far that it means \"What ever you do, it doesn't mean ???? \"slow\".",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T14:05:13.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40116",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T22:31:15.950",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T21:48:00.507",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18307",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"copula",
"particle-から",
"reading-comprehension",
"role-language"
],
"title": "Understanding じゃから",
"view_count": 465
} | [
{
"body": "のじゃから is the exact same as のだから; in certain dialects, the plain copula is じゃ\nrather than だ. This is also used in fictional 'role language' to mark a\ncharacter as elderly or rural.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T15:42:53.590",
"id": "40118",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T15:42:53.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Related answer: <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39624/16344>\n\nThe following list is great & comprehensive -- its stated focus is on recent\nAnime characters (キャラ語尾, kyara-gobi, Character-suffix)\n\nじゃ == often used by 老人キャラ (old(er) folks)\n\n> <http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E8%AA%9E%E5%B0%BE%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7> \n>\n>\n> じゃ == 老人キャラがよく使う語尾。\n>\n> 容姿が若くみえるキャラでも、設定上用いるケースもある。元ネタは中国地方東部の方言。 \n> 中国地方では、現在でも老若男女でこの語尾を当たり前のように使用している。\n\n * 中国地方 has nothing to do with China. 中国地方 includes Hiroshima, Okayama, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T22:31:15.950",
"id": "40125",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T22:31:15.950",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "40116",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 40116 | null | 40118 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40120",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When saying I'm thankful for something which one is better, or can I use both?\nこと or ために?\n\n> お弁当 **こと** ありがとうございました。\n>\n> お弁当の **ために** ありがとうございました。\n\nAlso, when using こと do I need to use の?(I mean in this example and not as a\nnominalizer)\n\nAnd when using ために do I always need a particle to connect or its ok to say\nsomething like:\n\n> 名古屋は生きるために良い街ですね！\n\nPS. When using it on smartphone browser it won't hint the tags for me, that's\nwhy I'm going with the generic grammar tag, unfortunately.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T15:59:45.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40119",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T23:34:11.897",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "ために vs こと when saying thank you",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "お弁当ことありがとうございました and お弁当のためにありがとうございました are unnatural. You can say\nお弁当(を)ありがとうございました. You can omit を.\n\n名古屋は生きるために良い街ですね is also unnatural. 名古屋は生きる **には** 良い街ですね is more natural but\nI feel this is still unnatural. 名古屋は **住むには** 良い街ですね (Nagoya is a good city to\nlive in.) would be natural.\n\nI think when using こと and ために, when they attach to a noun, の is necessary, as\nin:\n\n> あなた **の** こと \n> 学校 **の** こと \n> あなた **の** ために \n> 家族 **の** ために\n\nWhen they attach to a verb, の isn't necessary, as in:\n\n> 走ること \n> 笑うこと \n> 生きるために \n> 勉強するために",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T16:42:57.637",
"id": "40120",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T23:34:11.897",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T23:34:11.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "40119",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40119 | 40120 | 40120 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40133",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> は (pronounced as わ) being used in example sentences. This particle acts as a\n> disambiguator when a sentence would otherwise be confusing in terms of who\n> or what it was about, or what it was in relation to. For instance,\n> [歩]{ある}かない and [今日]{きょう}は歩かない translate to \"I do not walk\" and \"I won't be\n> walking today\" by virtue of the second sentence disambiguating the context\n> from as broad as possible (i.e., 'in general'), to 'just today' (今日).\n\n> So in summary, we can characterise は as: [X]は[Y] → in the context of [X],\n> [Y] applies, and outside the context of [X], [Y] does not apply. Put\n> concisely, は not only tells us the applicable context, but also the\n> inapplicable context. は never just marks applicable context, it always —\n> always — also gives the inapplicable context simply by virtue of being used.\n\n> には \n> It should always be remembered that には disambiguates. It doesn't just\n> specify a location or point/frame in time, but also adds a contrast between\n> this location or time and every other.\n\n> も \n> This particle plays two important roles in Japanese. The first is that it\n> acts as a similarity marker, and in this use it replaces the subject が or\n> disambiguation marker は([source](https://pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/))\n\nFrom reading this it seems like は and も are exactly the opposite. While も can\nbe translated as too, also, it implies that you talk about more than one\nthing.\n\nIsn't は kind of like the opposite? It implies that you refer to only one thing\nand nothing else?\n\nFor example :\n\n> ロンもジョンが買ったりんごを食べた。 \n> Speaking of Ron, he too ate the apple that John bought.\n\nThis sounds easy to me, very easy and I understand immediately that: も implies\nthat someone else other than ロン ate and at the same time that we are talking\nabout ロン and someone else.\n\n> ロンはジョンが買ったりんごを食べた。 \n> Speaking of Ron, only he ate the apple that John bought.\n\nThis sounds a little trickier to me, but re-reading it gets the meaning\nacross. This sentence is the complete opposite of も or am I wrong? While も\nshows that you talk about X and Y, は is the opposite. It shows that you are\ntalking about X but not Y. \nSo while も implies similarity and plurality, は implies peculiarity and\nsingularity for what it marks.\n\nThe same happens with Particle+も/は.\n\n> ロンにもジョンが買ったりんごが食べられる。 \n> Speaking of Ron, he too can eat the apple that John bought. \n> ロンにはジョンが買ったりんごが食べられる。 \n> Speaking of Ron, he only can eat the apple that John bought.\n\nThe first one goes smoothly, I understand easily, no problem with identifying\nrelatives and all. \nThe second sounds harder somehow. But isn't the second sentence the opposite\nof the first? \nSo my question is. \nIsn't this really a simple thing? \nWhile English marks similarity and plurality with \"too\", Japanese has a marker\nfor difference and singularity? \nは sounds kind of だけ to me. \nIs this wrong?\n\nAlso, I sometimes read that it defines the scope for the sentence. Can someone\nelaborate on this too?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T19:05:36.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40121",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T02:19:41.363",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-22T02:19:41.363",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "は and も particle opposition",
"view_count": 265
} | [
{
"body": "> ロンはジョンが買ったりんごを食べた。 \n> Speaking of Ron, only he ate the apple that John bought.\n\nNo, this Japanese sentence does not imply Ron is the only person who ate the\napple. This sentence means a very simple thing: \"Ron ate the apple John\nbought\", regardless of whether someone else did the same thing. You need to\nuse the particle だけ/のみ to say \"only\".\n\nIn other words, you can safely say \"今日は歩かないし、明日も歩かない。\".\n\n> は implies peculiarity and singularity for what it marks.\n\nNo. I am aware that some linguists like to explain は as something like a\n\"narrow-the-scope particle\", but that does not mean the thing marked with は is\nthe only one. は is used to indicate what you are talking about. I personally\nlike to call this simply as \"the topic marker\". (Of course は works as a\ncontrast marker, too.)\n\nMoreover, while the particle も somehow \"broadens\" the scope, it does not do\nthe opposite thing of は. 今日は in 今日は歩かない may narrow the scope from \"as broad as\npossible\", but saying 明日も歩かない does not broadens the scope to \"as broad as\npossible (ie. everyday)\". It just broadens from \"just today\" to \"today and\ntomorrow\", for example.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T03:10:20.437",
"id": "40133",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T03:34:53.673",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-19T03:34:53.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40121",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 40121 | 40133 | 40133 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40124",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context of the sentence: A mother consoles a family member that complains\nabout a third member of the family.\n\n> 大丈夫。私 **から** ちゃんと話しとくから。\n\nI do realize that the sentence means something like \"Don't worry. I'll have a\nserious talk with her.\" However, I do not understand the role of the first から.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T20:42:31.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40122",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T21:58:47.043",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T21:45:24.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Meaning of first \"から\" in \"私からちゃんと話しとくから\"",
"view_count": 227
} | [
{
"body": "This から is the same から that indicates origin or source, which often translates\nto the English word _from_.\n\nHere 私から means 私 is the **initiator** of the action of \"talking to her\nproperly\".\n\nIn this case, on the surface level it may not be that much different from the\nsubject marker が, and so the sentence can justly be translated to \"I'll have a\nproper talk with her.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T21:36:43.190",
"id": "40124",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T21:58:47.043",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T21:58:47.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "11575",
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "40122",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 40122 | 40124 | 40124 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40143",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So far, in my very simple conversations I've used 家{うち} to talk about my home.\nNow I've seen 自宅{じたく} as well and I'm wondering about the differences,\nnuances, and use cases of these two words when referring to my own home.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T21:21:01.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40123",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T18:18:27.783",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-18T21:44:33.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11369",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What are the different use cases for 家 vs. 自宅",
"view_count": 510
} | [
{
"body": "As usual, being a [漢語](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18365/5010), 自宅\ntends to be used in formal and/or technical contexts. You will mainly see 自宅\non various written documents and forms.\n\nIn casual conversations, 家 is preferred. Inviting your friend to your home\nsaying 自宅に来てよ would sound a bit strange.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T18:18:27.783",
"id": "40143",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T18:18:27.783",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40123",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 40123 | 40143 | 40143 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40127",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 鳥が警戒声というものを発する。敵が **来たと** 仲間たちに教えるために。\n\nI thought it was only used after 辞書形 in these cases.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T23:37:33.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40126",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T23:40:22.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18312",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Why is と being used after the past tense in this sentence?",
"view_count": 88
} | [
{
"body": "Seems like it is being used as a quotation. \n「敵が来た」と仲間たちに教えるために。\n\nSame was as \n「食べたくない」とお母さんに言いました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-18T23:40:22.003",
"id": "40127",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-18T23:40:22.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40126",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40126 | 40127 | 40127 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40132",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My native Japanese friend said that both どうかな and どうなんだろう can be translated as\n\"I\"m not sure\". Do they actually mean the exact same thing? Or are there\nsubtle differences in their usage?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T00:40:42.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40128",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T02:19:43.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18313",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"words",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between どうかな and どうなんだろう?",
"view_count": 3168
} | [
{
"body": "They mean the same, your japanese friend is right.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T01:14:11.117",
"id": "40129",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T01:14:11.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1065",
"parent_id": "40128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
},
{
"body": "どうなんだろう is more explicit about the fact that the speaker is unsure and\nwondering about something. どうかな can be used in broader situations.\n\nどうかな tends to be used when the speaker knows the answer:\n\n> A 「どうだった？ テストは合格だった？」 \n> B 「さあ、どうかな？」 (≒ \"Hehe, guess what.\") \n> A 「もう、意地悪しないで教えなさいよ。」\n\nAnd compare the two sentences:\n\n> 1 「新しい服を買ったんだけど、どうかな？」 \n> 2 「新しい服を買ったんだけど、どうなんだろう？」\n\nBoth どうかな and どうだろう basically translate to \"what do you think?\" here, but in\nthe former sentence the speaker is confident and expecting a positive\nreaction, while in the latter sentence the speaker is unsure and asking for a\nlistener's opinion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T02:19:43.070",
"id": "40132",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T02:19:43.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "40128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40128 | 40132 | 40132 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40142",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference between 後ずさった and 後ずさりした as an example, and the\ndifference between past-tense-form-verb and masu-stem-verb + した as general ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T01:52:41.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40130",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T17:09:45.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 後ずさった and 後ずさりした",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "It's the same as 話す and 話する. \n後ずさる is a verb and 後ずさり is a noun. \n後ずさりする is transforming the noun into a verb, even though there is already a\nverb made for saying it(後ずさる).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T02:00:14.223",
"id": "40131",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T02:00:14.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40130",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "It's quite hard to answer, so I played at some \"corpus linguistics\".\n\nI searched on [BCCWJ](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/) corpus for\nusages of single verb あとずさる and the combination of あとずさり + [0 or 1 particle] +\nする. That corpus contains 100 million-ish words from various written materials\nduring 1980s to 2000s.\n\nI got 166 samples of single verb, and 176 of する-compound (some error entries\ncleared).\n\n**Age** (writer's year of birth)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/b9q6l.png)\n\nRelatively speaking, あとずさり + する seems to be more frequently used by old\nwriters, while あとずさる is more popular among recently born people. The\npercentage apparently has reversed during WWII. Of course, too young or too\nold people are small in number because of narrow time range of this corpus. \n(The rightmost \"0\" column represents \"unknown\".)\n\n**Gender**\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xNBzz.png)\n\nMen use あとずさる about as many times as women, but somehow twice as many in あとずさり\n+ する. I'm pretty surprised as I didn't expect such a clear gender distinction. \n(Yellow pies mean \"unknown\".)\n\n**Other not quantitative observations**\n\n * あとずさる appears more in simpler expressions within its own conjugation, such as plain present, plain past, independent te-form etc., whereas あとずさりする is more likely to form complex predicate, as あとずさりしていく, あとずさりしてしまう, or あとずさりして～する \"do V stepping back\" kind of adverbial expressions.\n\n * From context, あとずさる seemingly focuses on the doer's internal will or intention reflected on their action, and あとずさりする is more like the movement of backing away itself.\n\n * Modal expressions can be used together with あとずさりする, such as あとずさりしたい, あとずさりするつもり etc., but no results with あとずさる in the range of the corpus.\n\n * Negative forms are very rare.\n\n * A few causative forms seen with あとずさりする, but not あとずさる.\n\n* * *\n\nThough the answer couldn't be called well-organized, I hope it would be some\nhelp.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T17:09:45.483",
"id": "40142",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T17:09:45.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
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}
]
| 40130 | 40142 | 40142 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been asked a couple of times by Japanese where my \"おく\" was, and I just\nrespond to where my country of origin (the answer is what they were expecting\nso I guess I have the right notion of what it means).\n\nI can't actually find おく in the dictionary referring to country. Is it short\nfor something (like お国)?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T05:41:46.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40134",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T22:36:01.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "おく for \"home country\"?",
"view_count": 967
} | [
{
"body": "おくに\n\n> ejje.weblio.jp -- お国を英語に訳すと ⇒ くに\n>\n> 用例\n>\n> * お国はどちらですか. Where [What country] do you come from?\n>\n> * お国では皆さまお変わりもありませんか. Is everybody at home well?\n>\n>\n\nHeimat\n\nFor some reason they pronounced the に in おくに very weakly. I'm not sure why.\n(Local dialect?)\n\nIn speech, most ppl are already saying it without the WA as: お国どちらですか? -- and\ni suppose this sounds a bit like おくんどちらですか? --or-- おくんどちらですか?\n\nThe vowel in に of おくに is more schwa-like than [i] or [i:] of English or\nGerman, for sure. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwa>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T06:29:32.153",
"id": "40135",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T22:36:01.860",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "40134",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40134 | null | 40135 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40139",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "I want to write a notification board saying\n\n> Consuming outside food and drink is not allowed.\n\nMy attempt is as follows, but I think it can be simplified.\n\n> 持ち込んだ食品を飲食するのは禁止である。\n\n# Update\n\nBring outside food and drink is fine as long as they are not consumed. This\nexemption might be useful for those who come to the restaurant after shopping.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T08:49:19.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40136",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T05:47:52.207",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-19T09:27:51.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can 「持ち込んだ食品を飲食するのは禁止である。」be simplified for a notification board?",
"view_count": 2375
} | [
{
"body": "Depends on where the sign will be. \nIf it's at the entrance, those could do fine I suppose. \n食物の持込を遠慮してください。 \n食物の持込は禁止である。\n\nEDIT \nIf bringing food in is ok then... how about this: \n当店の食品以外の飲食は禁止です。 \n当店の飲食物以外の飲食は禁止です。 \n当店の食品以外の飲食はご遠慮ください。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T09:02:00.820",
"id": "40137",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-19T10:02:11.937",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-19T10:02:11.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "18142",
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "40136",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "How about **飲食物持込禁止**? It is more like for a notification board. (e.g. see\n<http://peragami.com/?p=662> )\n\nGenerally, if you want to do this kind of simplification, you can omit\nparticles like の/を, a trivial verb like 〜である, and some 送り仮名.\n\nThe sample above can be reduced from 飲食物 **の** 持込 **は** 禁止 **である** or 飲食物\n**の** 持込 **を** 禁止 **する**.\n\nAlthough a notion of consuming is also omitted, one can understand it\ncorrectly.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-19T09:02:21.163",
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{
"body": "To the Update: Even to mean that, people usually use the phrases like:\n\n> * 飲食物の持ち込み*禁止\n> * 飲食物の持ち込みお断り\n> * 飲食物の持ち込みはお断りしております。(← politer)\n> * 飲食物の持ち込みはご遠慮｛ください。/ いただいております。/ 願います。｝(← politer)\n>\n\netc...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/X8nmk.jpg)\n\n(You can use these phrases for that purpose because the word 飲食物 is used here;\nyou'd use 食品 or 食料品, not 飲食物, to mean _any_ foods / food products, as in:\n「食品/食料品の持ち込み禁止」\"Bringing in any groceries/foods/food products is not allowed\")\n\nBut if you want to more clearly say or emphasize that bringing in food and\ndrinks is fine as long as they are not consumed, I think you could write:\n\n> * お持ち込みされたもののご飲食はご遠慮｛ください。/ いただいております。｝\n> * 店外からお持ち込みの物の飲食はご遠慮｛ください。/ いただいております。｝\n> * 他店にてご購入の商品の飲食はご遠慮｛ください。/ いただいております。｝\n>\n\n*You could spell it as 持ち込み, 持込み or 持込.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-19T09:55:20.467",
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{
"body": "I have no idea what the fuss is, Just say,\n\n> 飲食持込禁止{いんしょくもちこみきんし｝\n\nThat will get the message across and is the most short and concise way to say\nthis.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-19T12:48:45.340",
"id": "40140",
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{
"body": "> 飲食物の店内持込みは、固く禁止しております。\n\n（日本のデバートなどで見かけられる表現です。）\n\n> We prohibit your bringing in items from outside of stores, especially not\n> those of drinks and something to eat.\n\n( we often use here is our department, shopping stores and mall's line stores\nin japan.)\n\nHere is my side story about your suggestive expression from our japanese view.\nWe're proverbly well known this type ' firm' express. in japanese common usage\nand saw often around.\n\njust above and your notifying note both also frequently and especially saw in\nJapanese shopping mall or department stores' cafe and stores recently. We're\ncommonly forbitten to take into our own food and drinks-\n\ni mean that are bought outside of the shop you want to enter. so, this notice\nsays that stopping your bringing in the shop from outside to eat and drink and\nitems not-buying there and near around.\n\nthere often you see places to buy things likewise. mostly where you can go and\nbuy to get anything you eat and drink. you eat and dink in dued places and\npurchasing items displayed around near, to consuming contributing that shop\nand shopping mall, department store, that belongs to that shop, for sake\neithier.\n\nmaybe our ritual is a little bit different from yours.\n\nI'm appreciated if my writing in is rather helpful for your sake, than i excet\nit.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-25T05:36:08.073",
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| 40136 | 40139 | 40138 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40152",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've looked around the site for anything related but i couldn't find any\nclues.\n\nMy take at it is that using the volitional form with と思う you're expressing\nyour plans in the near future as in\n\n> 今晩は薬を飲んで早く寝ようと思います。\n\nyou think you'll take your medicine then fall asleep probably said on the same\nday or even a few hours before doing the action.\n\nwhereas volitional form + と思っている you're expressing your plans probably a few\nyears in the future\n\n> 来年、フルマラソンに挑戦しようと思っている。\n\nyou're thinking about taking on the challenge of a full marathon next year and\nprobably saying that you've been thinking of taking on the challenge is\ncorrect too because you're still thinking, probably haven't even started\npreparing for it or probably even still considering it?\n\nI'm not really sure about this, it's just a speculation, is part of what i\nsaid correct?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-19T22:28:25.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40145",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-20T02:18:10.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "17779",
"owner_user_id": "17779",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between volitional +と思う and volitional+ と思っている",
"view_count": 10447
} | [
{
"body": "What you said seems to agree with this page :\n\n> <http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/066.html>\n>\n> * (1) あしたは早く起きようと思います。\n>\n\n>\n> ２ 意志を一定期間持ち続けている場合は、「と思っています」を使います。\n>\n> * (2) 夏休みに旅行しようと思っています。 \n>\n> * (3) 木村さんは留学しようと思っています。\n>\n\n * 起きようと思います。 -- is just about right now.\n\n * しようと思っています。 -- is something that has been on the speaker's mind (or someone else's mind) for a while.\n\n \n\n[ あの本を読もうと思いますか? ] is bad, according to a textbook [～おうと思う not allowed to be\nused as a question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39511/16344)\n\nBut this same page from _coelang.tufs.ac.jp_ seems to say it's ok.\n\n> (4) 木村さんは留学しようと思いますか。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T02:12:25.447",
"id": "40148",
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{
"body": "In my understanding...\n\n * ...しようと思う\n\n\"I think I will...\", \"I'll probably...\" ( _not fully decided,_ 予想している)\n\n * しようと思っている\n\n\"I'm thinking of...\", \"I'm planning to...\" ( _more-or-less decided,_ 仮に計画している)\n\n> 留学 **しようと思います**\n\n * **I think I'll** study overseas.\n\n> 留学 **しようと思っています**\n\n * **I'm thinking of** studying overseas.",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 40145 | 40152 | 40152 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40153",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Sorry if my example is a bit out of context. But I wonder if it is\ngrammatically correct to write 神々しささえ感じさせる異様な像?\n\nWhat confuses me most is the fact that it is a verb and then a na-adjective\nright after.\n\nAlso if you could give an advice on how I should think when translating that\nwould be appreciated. Right now I'm just thinking what sounds most natural,\nbut is there a specific order you should follow? If there is a \"system\" for\nJapanese to English translating it would be good to know.\n\nThis example.\n\n> 驚くほど大きく神々しささえ感じさせる異様な像だったという\n\nThis is my guess on translation:\n\n> It was said to be a strange statue that was surprisingly big and even felt\n> divine.\n\nOr is it something with \"divine strange statue\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-19T22:33:04.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-19T23:12:39.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18331",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "verb and then na-adjective in sentence",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "> ... verb and then a na-adjective right after.\n\nSee: [* \"The Japanese language does not have words that function as adjectives\nin a syntactic sense\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39940/16344)\n\n> 驚くほど大きく神々しささえ感じさせる異様な像だったという。 \n> It was said to be a strange statue that was surprisingly big and even felt\n> divine.\n\nThat's near-perfect. Variants :\n\n> It was said to be a bizarre statue that was surprisingly large and even a\n> little awe-inspiring.\n>\n> It was said to be a surprisingly large, and even awe-inspiring, bizarre\n> statue.\n\nI try not to change the order of keywords and key phrases.\n\nIf there's a system (i.e., formal procedure), i'd like to know too.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-19T23:41:57.867",
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{
"body": "驚くほど大きく (\"surprisingly big (and)\"), 神々しささえ感じさせる (\"(which) causes even a divine\nfeeling\") and 異様な (\"peculiar\") all modify 像. Alternatively, you can think\n神々しささえ感じさせる modifies the noun phrase 異様な像 (\"peculiar statue\") as a whole.\n\nAs you already know, 神々しささえ感じさせる is a relative clause that always modifies a\nnoun. So if another adjective follows right after, you have to \"wait\" for the\nnext noun (or noun phrase), which is 像 in this case.\n\nThe order is important: if the sentence were 異様な神々しささえ感じさせる像, people will take\nthis 異様な as the word that modifies 神々しさ (i.e., \"peculiar divinity\").",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T02:51:49.297",
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| 40146 | 40153 | 40153 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40156",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What is the meaning of the expression たらたら歩く?\n\nContext: a person bumps into a child and then says\n「私のせいじゃないって！たらたら歩いてるこのガキが悪いんだよ！」\n\nたらたら means \"drop by drop\", but also \"incessantly\" or \"in great quantity\", so I\nthink that used with 歩く it could mean \"walking at a fast pace\". Is my guess\ncorrect? Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T02:15:09.283",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Meaning of たらたら歩く",
"view_count": 247
} | [
{
"body": "This たらたら is the same as だらだら ( _sluggishly_ , _slowly_ , _idly_ , etc.) in\nthis context. The kid was walking slowly, not at a fast pace.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T02:26:16.647",
"id": "40150",
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{
"body": "I searched in japanese and I found a few different definitions. \nHere is the closest I got.\n\nタラタラするな : 人に速やかな行動を促す際の表現",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T02:26:37.273",
"id": "40151",
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{
"body": "Basically たらたら is used to depict one of the three situations:\n\n * continually dripping down\n * (a talk is) long and going nowhere\n * acting so dull and slow that makes one impatient\n\nHere the third definition seems to apply. You can also say とろとろ in this sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T03:50:42.017",
"id": "40156",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 40149 | 40156 | 40156 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40155",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am learning about は particle that is used as contrast particle. suppose I\nwant to express \"I like blue car but I don't like any other colors\". can I say\nit this way `私はあおい車はすきだ` ? and what's the difference with `私はあおい車がすきだ` ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T03:06:21.250",
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"last_editor_user_id": "18316",
"owner_user_id": "18316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "私はあおい車はすきだ (は as contrast particle) vs 私はあおい車がすきだ",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, exactly. Both sentences are perfectly grammatical, but 私は青【あお】い車は好【す】きだ\nimplies you don't like cars which aren't blue, because the contrast particle は\nis used at the place where が is normally used. 私は青い車が好きだ simply means \"I like\nblue cars.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T03:44:26.133",
"id": "40155",
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| 40154 | 40155 | 40155 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40158",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "They're both pronounced the same, and seem to mean the same thing; is there a\ndifference, and if so, what is it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T05:06:38.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40157",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "18336",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"kanji",
"nuances",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "When to use 云う vs 言う?",
"view_count": 1203
} | [
{
"body": "Broadly speaking, 云う seems to be somewhat more old-fashioned in use. It\nappears with some frequency in Natsume Soseki's works, but not so much in\nrecent publications, which use 言う instead.\n\n[The Weblio page giving the Daijirin\nentry](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BA%91%E3%81%86) show that the 言う\nspelling is _jōyō_ , while the 云う spelling is not (the black downward-pointing\ntriangle indicates non- _jōyō_ characters). Moreover, towards the bottom of\nthe long entry, we get this:\n\n> (2) 漢字表記は現代では「言」が主に用いられる。古くは❸ ③ には「云」がよく用いられ，「謂」は「いわば」「いわゆる」の場合に用いられた。\n>\n> (2) For the kanji spelling, 言 is the main modern usage. In older times, 云\n> was often used for sense ❸ ③ [ _note: prefaced as_ （「…だと言う」「…と言う」の形で）], and\n> 謂 was used for いわば{iwaba} and いわゆる{iwayuru}.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T05:23:16.067",
"id": "40158",
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"score": 9
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| 40157 | 40158 | 40158 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40162",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "In English, one can say something like, \"did you see that news story about\nthat girl on TV?\" or during a news segment, \"on to the next story\".\n\nHow do you translate single a \"news story\" in this context? (without dropping\nthe subject as in 「では、次」 etc.)\n\nI thought perhaps 記事、ニュース記事 but these seem to be for written things. 報道 is the\nverb and I don't think you can count 報道s.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T06:11:08.547",
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"id": "40159",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is a TV news story called?",
"view_count": 1803
} | [
{
"body": "I might not have a perfect answer for you but here is what I got. 記事 is\nindeed, as far as I know, for news story in the journal. For TV perhaps the\nclosest I got is \"コーナー\". It might sound weird, but I heard it quite a few\ntimes. You might also hear them say 次の件（案件）when transitioning, but not 100%\nsure. Gotta have to pay more attention tomorrow morning when watching the\nnews.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T06:20:37.450",
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{
"body": "ニュース safely refers to an individual news story/article, so you can simply say\n「次のニュースです」, 「○○についてのニュースです」, 「5件のニュース」, 「3つのニュース」, etc.\n\nActually, many Japanese speakers (including me) often wonder \"what's the\nplural form of news?\" because ニュース is absolutely \"countable\" in Japanese.\n\n * [英語のNEWSって何故単数扱いしかしないんでしょうか？](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1424857549)\n\n記事 is of course for written articles.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T06:42:26.003",
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{
"body": "I think people usually just use ニュース, as in:\n\n> * 「次のニュースです。」 \n> On to the next story.\n> * 「きのうのニュース、見た？」 \n> Did you see the news yesterday?\n> * 「あの女の子のニュース、テレビで見た？」 \n> Did you see that news story about that girl on TV?\n>",
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{
"body": "In English, you can use \"news story\" to refer to a single piece of news\ncovering any issue. However, it seems redundant to use \"news + story\" in\nJapanese and using \"ニュース\" for a news story will be sufficient. For example:\n\n> ニュースを見ましたか? Did you watch the news?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T06:45:15.820",
"id": "40164",
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{
"body": "When we are referring to a news story in general, we say \"ニュース,\" for example,\n“彼女が結婚するという話、聞いた？- Did you hear the news she is going to marry?\n\nWhen we are referring to “a news story” of TV, we say “(テレビの)ニュース.”\n\nWhen we are referring to “a news story” of newspaper, we say “(新聞の)記事,” rather\nthan “(新聞の)ニュース.\n\n\"報道\" which means “news reporting” is a noun. Its verb form is \"報道する.\" It's a\nbig word as compared with \"(TV, 新聞で)知らせる(伝える）.”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-21T02:34:49.157",
"id": "40191",
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}
]
| 40159 | 40162 | 40162 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40165",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading the Japanese for Busy People book and I notice in the dictionary\nin the back some of the words ending in san use a hyphen:\n\n```\n\n okyaku-san\n \n```\n\nand some don't\n\n```\n\n okosan\n \n```\n\nSometimes they use a hyphen after o-\n\n```\n\n o-kashi\n \n```\n\nand sometimes not\n\n```\n\n okyaku-san\n \n```\n\nDoes anyone have any idea why they do this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T06:39:29.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40161",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-20T06:50:03.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "In romaji is it okosan or oko-san?",
"view_count": 1351
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think there is a \"right way\". There are many ways to use romaji and\neach with their own rules. In general, names like Takeda-san, Takahashi-san\ntend to use the hyphen while words like okasan, otosan, etc tend to not use\nthem.\n\nThe hyphen after the o is probably used to indicate that the o is not part of\nthe word itself but just a polite prefix. But to use it or not is also\ndependent on what kind of romaji rules you abide to.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T06:46:07.577",
"id": "40165",
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}
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| 40161 | 40165 | 40165 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40169",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I found an example sentence in japaneseclass.jp, which went as follows:\n\n> 彼女は教室の前の方に立っていた\n\nand was translated as \"She was standing in front of the classroom\"\n\nI wonder if it couldn´t be just\n\n> 彼女は教室の前に立っていた\n\nAnd what would be the difference in meaning",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T13:07:58.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40168",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "前の方に立つ versus 前に立つ",
"view_count": 242
} | [
{
"body": "> 彼女は教室の前に立っていた\n\nYes. This can usually be translated as \"She was standing in front of the\nclassroom.\" though it is also possible to mean the same as below sentence.\n\n> 彼女は教室の前の方に立っていた\n\nIt should rather be translated \"She was standing in _the front part of_ the\nclassroom.\" The difference is that in this case, 彼女 is standing _in_ the\nclassroom. However, saying \"in front of\" sounds to me that 彼女 was standing at\n_outside_ of the classroom, say, in front of a door, doesn't it?\n\nThe meaning of 前の方 depends on the context. 方 is generally \"direction\", and can\nmean relatively determined places. In this case 前の方 is like \"relatively front\npart\", which can simply be \"front part.\"\n\nSometimes 方 can mean vagueness, as in\n\n> 彼の車は我々の前の方を走っている。\n>\n> His car is running somewhat ahead of us.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T13:39:11.807",
"id": "40169",
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{
"body": "OK, here is the issue. the first one\n\n> 彼女は教室の前の方に立っていた\n\nspecifically means she was standing in-front of the classroom\n\nThe second could have a meaning of standing in front of the actual classroom\n(In other words outside the class room but in front of it) But also could mean\nstanding at the front of the classroom.\n\n> 彼女は教室の前に立っていた",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T13:39:25.440",
"id": "40170",
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}
]
| 40168 | 40169 | 40169 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40173",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I got this question from a JPLT quiz app:-\n\n> ドラマを見つづけていたら、朝になってしまいました\n\nI'm guessing it means \"As I was watching the drama, it became morning\", but\nnoticed both clauses go through the \"continuing action\" conjugation multiple\ntimes. Wouldn't a simpler way of saying that be:-\n\n> ドラマを見つづけたら、朝になりました\n\nWhat other nuances are being implied here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T14:10:59.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40171",
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"owner_user_id": "18232",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Multiple rounds of \"continuing action\" conjugations",
"view_count": 89
} | [
{
"body": "Same difference as \"While I continued to watch the drama...\" and \"While I was\ncontinuing to watch the drama...\" I suppose.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T14:14:44.780",
"id": "40172",
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{
"body": "> ドラマを見つづけ **ていたら** 、朝になっ **てしまいました** 。\n\nThe ～ていたら indicates that something happened while you're doing the action,\nmeaning \"while I was doing~~\", and ～てしまいました indicates an unintended result or\nthe speaker's regret.\n\nExamples:\n\n * テレビを見 **ていたら** 、電話が鳴った。 \nWhile I was watching TV, the phone rang.\n\n * ガラスを割って **しまいました** 。/ ガラスが割れて **しまいました** 。 \nI (unintentionally) broke the glass. / The glass broke (and I feel sorry about\nit).\n\n* * *\n\n> ドラマを見つづけたら、朝になりました。\n\nThis sentence has lost both of the meanings/nuances of \"while I was doing~~\"\nand \"unintended result or regret\". And ドラマを見つづけたら part sounds a little\nunnatural to me, because it sounds like \"When/As I continued watching dramas,\nmorning came\", \"I continued watching dramas, and because of that / as a result\nof that, morning came.\"\n\nExample:\n\n * 触っ **たら** 、壊れました。 \nI touched it, and (because of that,) it broke.\n\n * Cf: 触っ **ていたら** 、壊れました。 \nWhile I was touching it, it broke.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T15:06:10.857",
"id": "40173",
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]
| 40171 | 40173 | 40173 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40177",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Or is it just my dictionary that made a mistake?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T15:46:41.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40174",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-20T16:16:53.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "If Japanese rice wine is called Sake then why is a liquor shop called a Saka-ya?",
"view_count": 319
} | [
{
"body": "Your dictionary is correct. Knowing the history of words is not my specialty,\nbut I think I have something to contribute as a fellow learner, anyway...in\npresent day Japanese, you could say **kanji have multiple readings that depend\non the context in which they are used**. That is, it depends on the word in\nwhich the kanji is included, and/or if other words/grammar constructs are\npresent in a sentence. (See [this jisho\npage](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%85%92%20%23kanji) and notice the multiple\nreadings)\n\nIn the case of 酒, the kanji is read as \"sake\". And 酒屋 is read as \"saka-ya\".\nObviously, \"sake\" is not the same as \"saka\", so this particular word would be\none of those situations to memorize.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T16:16:53.717",
"id": "40177",
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| 40174 | 40177 | 40177 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40176",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I notice that it's different from the other verbs I know that end in -masu.\nAlso I see that take a walk is sanpo o shimasu.\n\nCan someone explain is there a verb for walking, is sanpo the verb and if so\nthen why do I have to use sanpo o shimasu for \"take a walk\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T15:49:44.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40175",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is the word for walk (sanpo) a verb?",
"view_count": 5233
} | [
{
"body": "散歩 by itself is just a noun. 散歩（を）します means to \"do/take a walk\" as you've\nnoted. Adding （を）します is a way to make certain nouns into verbs (ex.\n仕事をします→work, 勉強をします→study, etc.) However, the focus is on the\nleisurely/relaxing activity of taking a walk.\n\nIf you are just speaking neutrally of the action of walking, you would use the\nverb 歩く (歩きます). You can see that the kanji for this verb is also part of 散歩.\n\nSo the difference comes down to simple action vs. meaningful activity.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T16:00:18.107",
"id": "40176",
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| 40175 | 40176 | 40176 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "**空しさが勝る**\n\nIs it just \"It's fruitless\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T16:52:39.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40178",
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"owner_user_id": "18347",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's is the meaning of 空しさが勝る?",
"view_count": 83
} | [
{
"body": "空しい means \"emptiness\" or \"sense of futility\"\n\n勝る means to win or to do better than\n\nPut it together it could mean: \"A sense of futility takes over\" or more\nliterally, \"emptiness wins\". It depends where it is being said.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T17:09:33.080",
"id": "40179",
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| 40178 | null | 40179 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40182",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reading Kanzen Master Bunpou 2kyuu and I got to this sentence:\n\n> この薬によっては副作用が出ることがあります。\n\nI read the explanation and it's:\n\nある～の場合には＜（～によっては）が使われる＞\n\nI looked up [How does は apply itself to\nによっては?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/8095/how-does-%E3%81%AF-\napply-itself-to-%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF)\n\nBut I still do not understand how the meaning changes.\n\nI think it means:\n\n> Depending on this medicine side effects could manifest\n\nI don't understand what is the point of adding は. \nHow does the sentence change?\n\nI downloaded another version of the same book from a different source and the\nsentence is different.\n\n> この薬はによっては副作用が出ることがあります。\n\nIs this version better?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/G2lpc.jpg)",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T19:28:07.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40180",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-21T07:02:56.203",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "この薬によっては副作用が出ることがあります。 Clarification on によっては",
"view_count": 259
} | [
{
"body": "This is (I'm told) from a textbook :\n\n> ～によって / ～により / ～による / ～によっては \n> 接続: [名]+によって \n> 意味: ある～の場合には <[～によっては]が使われる>\n>\n> * Ex. 1 「 この薬によっては副作用が出ることがあります。 」\n> * Ex. 2 「 宗教によっては肉を食べることが禁じられている。 」 <--- This one is fine.\n>\n\nI think **「 この薬によっては副作用が出ることがあります。」 is a very strange sentence.\n\n * Correct 1: 「 この薬によって副作用が出ることがあります。」 == (By) using this drug, side-effects may occur.\n\n * Correct 2: 「 薬によっては副作用が出ることがあります。」 == Depending on the drug (used), side-effects may occur.\n\n * Correct 3: 「 この薬は、場合によっては副作用が出ることがあります。」 == This drug [ depending on the circumstances ] may cause side-effects.\n\nSo I think **「 この薬によっては副作用が出ることがあります。」 is (a hybrid, a chimera) a very strange\nsentence, which a reviewer missed and didn't correct.\n\n* * *\n\n> * Ex. 2 「 宗教によっては肉を食べることが禁じられている。 」 <--- This one is fine.\n> * Correct 2: 「 薬によっては副作用が出ることがあります。」 == Depending on the drug (used),\n> side-effects may occur.\n>\n\n(Since Jp has no plural form, it's not explicit, but ...) in these examples\nabove, existence of plural [religions] and [drugs] is assumed.\n\nIt's like [Denpending on the drug(s) that you choose ...]\n\nSo it makes no sense to say: この薬によっては ... -- because it's as if one has\n_already chosen_ .\n\n* * *\n\n> I don't understand what is the point of adding は. How does the sentence\n> change?\n\nWA is for emphasis. All these examples are possible without the WA.\n\n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/168566/meaning/m0u/> \n> に‐よっ‐て【に因って／に▽依って】\n>\n> ［連語］ 《格助詞「に」に動詞「よる」の連用形が付き、さらに接続助詞「て」の付いた「によりて」の音変化》\n>\n> [３]. その中のあるものについて、または、その中の一つ一つについていうと、の意を表す。\n>\n> * 「種類によって毒のあるものもいる」 <----- Apparently talking about snakes or spiders.\n>\n> * 「政治家によって主張は異なる」\n>\n>\n\nAhhh! One question solved, another one born. In this last example, it's very\nbad (or pretty bad) to insert a WA :\n\n> **「政治家によっては主張は異なる」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-20T20:42:39.613",
"id": "40182",
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},
{
"body": "～によって means either:\n\n 1. depending on ～ \n\n> 薬によって、副作用が出ることがあります。 \n> Depending on the drug, side effects may occur.\n\n 2. by ～; due to ～ (explicitly marks the origin of an action, [often used to avoid ambiguity](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/37097/5010)) \n\n> この薬によって、副作用が出ることがあります。 \n> By (taking) this drug, side effects may occur.\n\nWhen は is added, ～によっては almost always means \"depending on ～\". Here は is a\nplain old topic marker. You know [many natural Japanese sentence require a\ntopic marked with は](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1096/5010), and\n\"depending on\" usually deserves a topic marker in many sentences.\n\n> 薬によっては、副作用が出ることがあります。 \n> Depending on the drug, side effects may occur.\n\nBut can we say the following?\n\n> **この** 薬によっては、副作用が出ることがあります。\n\nWell, this sentence would be okay when は is obviously used as a contrast\nmarker:\n\n> あちらの薬は安全です。でも、この薬によっては、副作用が出ることがあります。 \n> That (another) drug is safe. But by this drug, side effects may occur.\n\nOtherwise, I would say I seldom see the plain topic marker used at that\nposition, and I feel the sentence in question is nearly incorrect. It looks\nlike \"Depending on _this_ drug...\" to me, and it makes little sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T23:47:45.167",
"id": "40185",
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| 40180 | 40182 | 40182 |
{
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"body": "Is it ever proper to end questions with だ? For instance:\n\n> 誰だ？\n>\n> どんな食べ物は好きだ？\n\nI have been told it was correct and incorrect by many parties, but I've always\nlearned to just raise the ending intonation to denote an inquiry.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T23:12:34.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40183",
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"owner_user_id": "18349",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"particles",
"questions",
"intonation"
],
"title": "Ending Questions with だ",
"view_count": 1152
} | [
{
"body": "か is the usual way to ask a question, but it is quite acceptable to drop the か\nif you use a proper \"questioning\" intonation. You could just say \"好き?\" if you\nused the proper intonation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-20T23:27:22.523",
"id": "40184",
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"body": "... 誰だ？ -- could be a regular question.\n\n... 誰だ？ -- could be a [rhetorical question]. See [Is a sentence ending with 誰だ\nbut without か a question?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39693/16344)\n\nどんな食べ物が好きだ？ -- is typical of an adult speaking to a child.\n\nKind-of like (in English) : [Do you like this cake?] --vs.-- [You like this\ncake?] \n[Is this good?] --vs.-- [This is good?]",
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"body": "Interrogative phrases ending in だ (with the exception of dialects) are used to\n**_demand information_**.\n\nAs in the following:\n\n * 誰だ！・何者だ！ - \"Who!\", \"Who goes there!\" \n * どこだ！ - \"Where!\", \"Where is it!\" \n * いつだ！ - \"When!\", \"When is it!\" \n * 何だ！ - \"What!\" \n * 何のつもりだ！ - \"What are you trying to do!\", \"What's your intention!\" \n * おい！そこでなにしてるんだ！ - \"Hey! What are you doing over there!\" \n * 誰に向かって物言ってるんだ！ - \"Who do you think you're talking to!\"",
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| 40183 | null | 40192 |
{
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"body": "Finding questions about the meaning of という isn't too hard, but the answers\ntend to revolve around its usage before a word particle or something, such as\nin ということ. However there's a sentence in a children's book - おむすびコロリン - where\nseveral words are said, then という, then a _comma_ , then several more words:\n\n> おじいさんはごちそうになったうえに、ほしい物をなんでも出してくれるという、打ち出の小づちをおみやげにもらって帰りました。\n\nという doesn't seem to be a special expression unto itself, not without help. But\nif you try to treat it as と and then 言う, how is that grammatically possible\nright before a comma? i.e., why wouldn't it be といい、 というと、 or といって?\n\n**EDIT**\n\nSomething that just occurred to me: could it be that, despite where that comma\nis placed, いう is still ultimately modifying 打ち出の小槌, as in \"a nursery-tale-\nmagic-mallet that is **said** to bring forth anything which one desires\"? If\nso, the comma seems kind of surprising, but they are used a little bit\ndifferently.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T01:57:44.137",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"conjugations",
"expressions"
],
"title": "という used right before comma: What does this mean, and how is it grammatically possible?",
"view_count": 1217
} | [
{
"body": "If you search と言う in the dictionary, you will see that it also has the meaning\nof as much as/as many as when used after a quantity. This would be my best\nbet.",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T02:06:24.630",
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"body": "> Something that just occurred to me: could it be that, despite where that\n> comma is placed, いう is still ultimately modifying 打ち出の小槌, as in\n>\n> * \"a nursery-tale-magic-mallet that is said to bring forth anything which\n> one desires\"?\n>\n\nThat sounds right.\n\nIn children's books, (because there are so many Hiraganas), commas are often\nover-used.\n\nSometimes, Hankaku-spaces (半角スペース) are used too. -- This is called 分かち書き\n\n>\n> [https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/わかち書き](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A1%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D)\n> --- わかち書き（わかちがき）とは、文章において語の区切りに空白を挟んで記述することである。分かち書き・分ち書き・別ち書きとも表記する。",
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"body": "# English\n\nThe short answer is that it doesn't affect how the sentence is parsed.\n\nIt's best to abandon expectations that (may) come from English when\ninterpreting these things. There are so many more options for punctuation\nmarks in Japanese that any attempt at mapping is bound to fail by exhaustion.\n\nInstead, consider [this](http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/Rhetorical-\nPunctuation.htm):\n\n> \"The concept of rhetorical punctuation was originally developed by Simpson\n> (1911) in his study of Shakespearian punctuation. Simpson notes that the\n> English punctuation system has undergone significant changes over the past\n> three hundred years. During the seventeenth century, punctuation was a\n> flexible system primarily used for for expressing 'subtle differences of\n> tone' (Simpson 1911: 10) and it was based on rhyme. In contrast, modern\n> punctuation is, or at least attempts to be, 'logical' (Simpson 1911: 11).\"\n> (Senko K. Maynard, Linguistic Creativity in Japanese Discourse. John\n> Benjamins, 2007)\n\nIn other words, early modern English punctuation was primarily for guiding the\nreader/speaker through the sense of the statement as it would be spoken. I've\nalso heard it called \"elocutionary grammar\" for this reason.\n\nThis is far more accurate a description of the role of punctuation in Japanese\n--and isn't it interesting that the author of that segment is a professor of\nJapanese linguistics, writing on the same?\n\n# Japanese\n\nはやい話、句読点の位置は解釈には無関係です。\n\nまず、英語による先入観を捨てると良いと思います。日本語の句読点の数は英語のものをはるかに上回るため、直接的な写像を試みても仕方がありません。\n\nその代わり、[この理論](http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/Rhetorical-\nPunctuation.htm)（英語）を参照：\n\n> 修辞学的句読点という概念は、シンプソンという学者の、シェークスピアが用いた句読点の分析に由来する（Simpson\n> 1911)。シンプソンの研究によれば、過去３００年にわたって、英語の句読点の使い方が著しく変化してきているのである。１７世紀には、「口調の微差」を表現することが主な使い道で（Simpson\n> 1911: 10）、[脚韻]{きゃくいん}に基づいていた。一方、現代的句読点の使い方は「理屈的」である（とされる）（Simpson 1911: 11）。\n\n要するに、早期現代英語の句読点の目標は主に、朗読される場合に現れる意味合いを描写することでした。そのために、「エロキューション的文法」という呼び方もあるそうです。\n\n日本語では、この解釈が句読点の使い方を的確に説明していると思います。それに、以上の文の著者が日本語語学の教授であることがまた興味深いことですね。",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T05:10:04.687",
"id": "40194",
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"body": "Japanese comma, unlike that in English, isn't utilized on orthographic demand,\nbut a more direct rendering of oral articulation.\n\nUsually, a comma denotes a short _pause_ , or a _boundary of[prosodic\nunits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosodic_unit)_ (i.e. the stretch a\nsingle legato of intonation extends to). Thus, you might see a great variance\nin frequency that commas are used among Japanese writers, likely reflecting\ntheir own everyday style of speaking.\n\nActually, putting a comma between という and the modified phrase isn't that rare\nwhen the modified part doesn't go in a single\n[文節](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%AF%80) (roughly a-word-plus-\nsucceeding-particles-long unit), because you might need to carve out a new\nprosodic unit for a longer word (or, a semantic chunk). Here, 打ち出の小づち\nliterally contains multiple words to mean \"mallet of shake-them-out\", so it's\nreasonable to put a break before saying this overlong name.\n\nAnother factor, it's merely my conjecture, is that this is probably the first\noccurrence of 打ち出の小づち in this story. When you introduce a new name, it becomes\nmore natural to set a pause before the saying the word. In this case, you\ncould also rewrite it in another way:\n\n> ほしい物をなんでも出してくれるという「打ち出の小づち」をおみやげにもらって帰りました。",
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| 40188 | null | 40194 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40215",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 否定イコールダメではないのでは。 **否定を、上回る**\n> 、意志や考えを、持たない限り、他人に振り回されるだけ。夢は、かなわないのではなく、それに向かって努力し、行動しない限り、現実にならないだけ。否定を、どう生かすかです♪\n\nI can't understand it, can someone help me? I don't think it's \"surpass a\ndenial\"... I just want to know what 否定を上回る means, I think it will help me\nunderstand this sentence\n\nI found it here <http://tell-me.jp/q/2373128>",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T05:39:07.127",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 否定を上回る mean?",
"view_count": 252
} | [
{
"body": "\"Surpass a denial\" makes sense here I think. OK, it probably can be reworded\nin a way that sounds much better in English, but the basic idea is here. As we\ncan see from the original question you linked to, that woman's dream is being\n\"denied\" (否定されたら) by someone. As in, someone is trying to make it impossible I\nguess (maybe like a parent saying \"you shouldn't become a teacher\" or\nsomething?). But it's all in her hands and she can overcome (surpass) this\nobstacle if she tries hard enough. So I believe your interpretation is more or\nless correct. I wonder what other people will say...",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T21:42:02.947",
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"body": "I am not sure so much if this could be a big deal regarding **the original\ntext**. Japanese is SOV, so here the original text is saying.......\n\n> 否定を、上回る、意志や考えを、持たない限り、他人に振り回されるだけ。\n>\n> here, O-V-O-V-「V-conditional」-「passive-clause.」\n>\n> The first O is 否定、the denial.\n>\n> The second V is 上回る、surpass or excel,\n>\n> The third O is ( are ) ( your ) will or thought,\n>\n> The fourth \"V-conditional\" is, \"unless you have ( the prior O, so, your\n> will, thought. )\n>\n> The last \"passive clause\" is, \"you would then get pushed around by others.\n\nSo if I translate the previous O-V-O-V-「V-conditional」-「passive-clause.」.\n\nThat would be\n\n> \"Unless you do not have a stronger, better will or thought that excels the\n> denial, you would get pushed around by others and you would not be ( or have\n> ) yourself\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 40195 | 40215 | 40215 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 説明を **求められようと** 、何も言えないのだ。\n\nWhat does it mean? \"Trying to be asked for answers, I can't say anything\"\nlooks strange...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-21T07:00:47.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40197",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does this sentence mean? I can't understand this 求められようと",
"view_count": 320
} | [
{
"body": "There is a great page :\n\n> [japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n1-grammar -you-\n> nimonai](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\n> jlpt-n1-grammar-%EF%BC%88%E3%82%88%EF%BC%89%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-you-\n> nimonai/) \n> Meaning: even if one tries to do something, it can’t be done\n>\n> ジェイクを呼ぼうにも声が出なかった。 \n> I tried to call Jake, but my voice was gone.\n\n[ 呼ぼうにも] -- This part feels like the subjunctive of European languages.\n\n * Were I to call Jake ...\n\n * Even if I were to call Jake ...\n\n * Even if I would want to call Jake ...\n\n * Even if I would've wanted to call Jake ... Try as I might to call Jake ...\n\nWhen the [1st person] is trying, it's ～しようにも\n\nWhen the [Another party] is trying/asking, it's ～しようと, ～しようとも, etc. (See\nChoco-san's link).\n\n> e.g. -- どんなに激しく雨が降ろうと、この家の屋根は大丈夫だ。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T07:07:43.177",
"id": "40198",
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"body": "求められる means sought, (gave) order, request, recommend... \n〜ようと means \"but\". It same as 〜だが, 〜が, 〜ても. \nIn English, That sentence:\n\n> It gave order to explain, but I cannot say nothing.",
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"body": "> 説明を求められようと、何も言えないのだ。 \n> **Even if** [you] demand an explanation, [I] can not say anything.\n\n`volitional-form + が/と` is a literary way of saying \"even if ～\" or \"regardless\nof ～\". Usually (but not always) there is a comma after the が/と.\n\nExamples on JGram:\n\n * [(よ)うが (よ)うと ようが ようと](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=\\(yo\\)uga%2C\\(yo\\)uto)\n * [(よ)うと～まい, (よ)うが～まい](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=\\(yo\\)uto~mai%2C%20\\(yo\\)uga~mai)\n\nOf course `volitional-form + と` can be actual volition followed by a quotative\nparticle, depending on what follows:\n\n> 説明を求めようと思います。 \n> I think I will demand an explanation.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 40197 | null | 40208 |
{
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"body": "I am reading [this article](http://www.japaneseammo.com/the-ultimate-guide-\nto-%E3%81%AF-wa-vs-%E3%81%8C-ga-particles/), however, I am not sure if I've\nalready grasped that article correctly or not, so I really need someone to\nconfirm whether my understanding is correct or not.\n\n## First question\n\n * Suppose I want to tell everyone a pen belongs to me by saying \"これは私のペンです.\" so just in case I lost it somewhere and someone found it, he will know that pen is mine.\n\n * Suppose there are 2 pens on the floor and then I pick mine and say \"これがわたしのペンです.\"\n\nDid I grasp it correctly?\n\n## Second question\n\nIn that linked article there is an example \"日本語が上手ですね！\" Can I change it using\nは as in \"あなたの日本語は上手ですね！\" without changing the meaning?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T09:25:54.713",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Differences between は and が",
"view_count": 534
} | [
{
"body": "The は can be used for comparing. \nFor example, saying あなたの日本語は上手ですね！ means that your JAPANESE is good, unlike\nall your other languages. So the meaning is quite different.\n\nTo push it to the extreme, a girl might slap you if you say\nあなたの目はきれいです。Because in a way it implies that the rest of her body is not.",
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| 40201 | 40202 | 40202 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41493",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have been struggling to figure out the correct way to ask somebody about\nwhat they felt about certain life experiences.\n\nConsider the following sentences:\n\n1) \"How do you feel about becoming the president again?\" Assuming the listener\nhad once taken on the role and is in the process of taking up the role again\n\n2) \"What was it like when you were studying abroad?\" Assuming the listener is\neither currently or was previously performing the action\n\n3) \"What is it like living with 10 siblings?\" Assuming the listener is\ncurrently still living with 10 siblings.\n\nFor 1, I can imagine using 「どう思いますか」, but for 2 and 3, I can't recall coming\nacross any way to ask \"what is/was it like\"\n\nI can also imagine saying 「どんな感じですか」but that feels a little too literal.\n\nAny suggestions?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T10:38:19.850",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Asking someone about their feeling towards experiences",
"view_count": 391
} | [
{
"body": "I would say...\n\n1-...どんな感じですか？(If you wanna to ask \"how does it feel to ...\") But that would\nkinda imply that it has been decided that he will do it again. \nYou could also say どう思いますか if you want to ask him \"what would you think about\ndoing it again... would you consider it? etc...\"\n\n2-...どうでしたか？ \n3-...どうですか？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T10:45:33.517",
"id": "40204",
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"body": "This can be said with different degrees of politeness and formality.\n\n> 1) \"How do you feel about becoming the president again?\" Assuming the\n> listener had once taken on the role and is in the process of taking up the\n> role again.\n\nThis conversation would clearly be taking place between two adult speakers and\non a fairly formal occasion. If so, the word/phrase choices would reflect all\nthat. One might say:\n\n「～～について、どのように **お** 感{かん}じになりますか (or even なられますか)」 or\n\n「～～に関{かん}して、どのような **ご** 感想{かんそう}を **お** 持{も}ちでしょうか」\n\n**_(I will not translate the ~~ part unless you show me your own attempt\nfirst.)_**\n\n> 2) \"What was it like when you were studying abroad?\" Assuming the listener\n> is either currently or was previously performing the action.\n\nI am imagining two students or young adults speaking who are friends here. One\nmight expect to hear:\n\n「（留学{りゅうがく}って）、どんなもんなの？」 or\n\n「～～って、どんな感じなの (or なのかな)？」\n\nA little bit more politely, you could say:\n\n「～～というのは、どんな感じのものなんですか。」 or\n\n「～～について、どんな印象｛いんしょう｝を持ってる/持ってますか？」\n\n> 3) \"What is it like living with 10 siblings?\" Assuming the listener is\n> currently still living with 10 siblings.\n\nA teenager or young adult might say:\n\n「～～って、どんな感じ（なの）/なのよ？」 or just\n\n「～～ってどうなの（よ）？」 ← A very common expression in informal speech, indeed.\n\nSomeone older might say something like:\n\n「～～というのは、どんな感じのものなんですか？」\n\nSeems we do not generally use a whole variety of words to ask about people's\nfeelings about their experiences.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-12-06T10:08:51.407",
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| 40203 | 41493 | 41493 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40206",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 受験生は夏休みが勝負なのよ?\n\nSo since there is no verb here, how do the は and が function here?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T13:17:41.487",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"copula",
"は-and-が",
"no-da"
],
"title": "How do the は and が function here?",
"view_count": 205
} | [
{
"body": "* As you can see in [this chart](http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/reference/grammar/conjugations-of-the-japanese-copula/), な in なのよ is the attributive form of だ (\"the copula\"). And だ/です safely works as the predicate of a sentence. (e.g., 今日は日曜日です, 私は学生です)\n * よ is a feminine sentence-end particle.\n * Here both は and が are used in one sentence, and this can be understood in the same way as you interpret 私は猫が好きだ or 彼は背が高い.\n * 勝負 here is a noun which means the same thing as [勝負【しょうぶ】所【どころ】](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%8B%9D%E8%B2%A0%E6%89%80), \"critical point\".\n\nTherefore this sentence basically is a feminine version of 受験生は夏休みが勝負なのだ,\nwhich is an emphatic version of 受験生は夏休みが勝負だ.\n\n> 受験生は夏休みが勝負だ \n> → As for test-takers, summer vacation is the critical point. \n> → Summer vacation is the most important term for students preparing for\n> entrance exams.\n\nReferences:\n\n * [Usage of nan desu?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14565/5010)\n * [What exactly is \"なの\" (nano)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/514/5010)\n * [What is the meaning of ～んです?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010) -- there is a good answer regarding (な)のよ, (な)のだ, (な)のです, etc.\n * [私は猫が好き and 猫は私が好き](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17857/5010)\n * [how could a sentence end with (noun + \"よ\"?)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12986/5010)",
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"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar\", page 322: \nの: a sentence-final particle used by a female speaker or a child to indicate\nan explanation or emotive emphasis. \nExamples: \n母はまだとても元気なの。 \n主人はエンジニアなの。\n\nSo the translation could be: \n夏休みが勝負なの。 \nSummer vacation is when the fight is decided.\n\nThe sentence above is identical to \n夏休みが勝負だ。\n\nが is the subject marker. \nは is the topic marker.\n\nThe full sentence is: \n受験生は夏休みが勝負なのよ。 \nFor the applicants, summer vacation is when the fight is decided.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T14:39:28.120",
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| 40205 | 40206 | 40206 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Aaxp3.jpg)\n\nWhat is this food? It looks like Taiyaki, however, I can't identify it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-21T15:23:50.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-22T13:17:09.403",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"food"
],
"title": "Name of the food in the picture in Japanese and i can't identify it in English, either",
"view_count": 367
} | [
{
"body": "I agree, looks like アメリカンドッグ made with the following:\n\n[Corn dog maker with similar pattern on batter](https://goo.gl/images/aE5Gc7)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GmPlZ.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T17:50:59.913",
"id": "40212",
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"body": "It resembles a food known as\n[ワッフルドッグ](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0&tbm=isch),\n[チーズワッフル](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB&tbm=isch),\nor\n[原宿ドッグ](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E5%8E%9F%E5%AE%BF%E3%83%89%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0&tbm=isch).\n\nAs the name suggests, its ingredient is typically cheese.\n\n* * *\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IrM4Z.jpg)",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T06:18:44.937",
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| 40207 | null | 40219 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40211",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I found the following sentence on the wall.\n\n> 快便は快適な場所から生まれる。\n\nWhat does it mean?\n\nMy attempt is as follows\n\n> Pleasantly defecation comes from comfortable place.\n\nBut I don't really understand what it means.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T16:13:23.190",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 快便は快適な場所から生まれる mean?",
"view_count": 191
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation is great,\n\n> Pleasant defecation comes from comfortable place.\n\nIt's speaking of going to the bathroom in a place where you're comfortable,\nI'm pretty sure that's it. Depending on the context, it's either a joke or\ncould be some kind of advice from a health pamphlet or something like that.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T16:38:18.920",
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{
"body": "--- Great BM comes from Great RooM --- \n--- Clean RooM produces Clean BM --- \n\nMaybe it was written by a restaurant (?) (or any such establishment)\nowner/manager, telling his employees to keep the restroom clean.\n\nMaybe it's modelled after [ Clear Your Desk, Clear Your Mind ] == ( A clear\ndesk will help you clear your mind. ) 【 いい仕事は、快適な机から生まれる 】\n\n【明窓浄机】 (めいそうじょうき) 明るい窓と、清らかな机。転じて、明るく清らかな書斎。\n\n30 years ago, i used to hear this slogan [ 快食、快便 ] alot -- usually from older\nfolks. Maybe our favorite old-timer has some comments to share.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T19:17:32.803",
"id": "40213",
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},
{
"body": "快便は快適な場所から生まれる。 \nA good defecation starts with a comfortable place.\n\nMaybe it means that a good defecation requires a comfortable, clean toilet.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T14:19:03.093",
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}
]
| 40209 | 40211 | 40211 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40226",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have a question related to the creation of a rationalised list of vocabulary\nworking in pairs with kanji learning. If one wants to learn Japanese, at some\npoint there is no other choice than learning big lists of vocabulary, simply\nbecause there is not much to relate to the the learner's mother-tongue (at\nleast if one's native language is not Chinese). We also encounter in most\nkanji books lists of vocabulary associated to each kanji, and the average\nnumber of words related to one kanji varies from books (say **4** to **20** ).\nTherefore I asked myself what would be the optimal number of words that shall\nbe actually used.\n\nSo we have our list of **_N_** kanji, and for all **_i_ = 1, ... , _N_** , let\n**_m_** _i_ the number of words associated the kanji number **_i_**. Now one\nshould be careful to make a list without repetitions, but at the same time\nminimising the average of numbers associated to each kanji. So we have\narranged all words, by relating each to only one kanji, such that the mean\n\n\n\nis minimal (this condition will appear clearly later). Then we look for an\ninteger **_n_** corresponding to the number of words we learn per kanji, such\nthat the expectation of knowing an arbitrary word is high, but **_n_** is not\ntoo high either (for example, if one has to learn **100** words per kanji,\nthis system does not work). Therefore, for a word **_w_** associated to the\nkanji **_i_** (let us denote **_A_** _i_ the set of words associated to the\nkanji **_i_** ), the probability to know the word is\n\n\n\nwith obvious abuse of notations. Therefore\n\n\n\nand one would know approximately **_n_** / ** _m ̅_** of the vocabulary. And\n**_n_** is approximately equal to the average **_m ̅_**, which explains why we\nhad to minimise this quantity.\n\nTherefore my question is two-sided : what is the minimal value of **_m ̅_**?\nIndeed, if we compare a simple kanji like 人 which has more than **2000**\nmatches and some rare kanji with one or two occurrences, it is not _a priori_\nobvious if this quantity ( ** _m ̅_**) is large ( **>100** say) or not. I\nshould add that obviously if we consider all words in Japanese language, this\nsystem is unrealistic, but for smaller ambitions, it could actually be useful\nif the number **_m ̅_** is not too large. One could for example think about\nthe kanji and vocabulary lists for standardized international tests.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-21T16:16:50.197",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"learning"
],
"title": "Optimisation of vocabulary learning",
"view_count": 481
} | [
{
"body": "I've long been wanting to create a list of _kanji_ (say, all _jōyō kanji_ )\nordered by weight, where the weight is determined by the frequency of the\n_kanji_ itself and by the weight of all those _kanji_ in which this _kanji_\nappears as a radical. (Also see the end of this post.)\n\nIf the average person has a vocabulary of [at least 30,000\nwords](http://www.kecl.ntt.co.jp/icl/lirg/resources/goitokusei/goi-test.html),\na list of words covering a larger range (say 95%) of people is obviously much\nlarger than this. Maybe more like 50,000–70,000.\n\nEven though a good portion of words has no (or only obsolete) _kanji_\nrepresentations, it seems impractical to try to create a reasonably complete\nvocabulary list of 50,000 words, or even an \"average\" list of 30,000. (This\nwould require around 15–25 words per _kanji_.)\n\nStill, you could choose a number (say 5) and create a list of 10,000 words (\n_kanji_ -by- _kanji_ in the order their \"weights\") by choosing the five most\ncommon words containing a particular _kanji_ , eliminating words that you\nchose previously.\n\nThis seems to be a reasonable way to learn _kanji_ , as well as creating\nvocabulary lists that are more tuned to a gradually increasing knowledge of\n_kanji_. (Otherwise pure frequency lists would do the job.)\n\nI also think it gives you what you want, because the resulting vocabulary list\nof 10,000 words is essentially just a reordering of the same list ordered by\nfrequency. (This is not entirely true, as there are extremely rare _kanji_ ,\nlike 訃 (least frequent _kanji_ in BCCWJ), which probably don't have 5 words in\nthe top 10,000 words containing this _kanji_. It's basically a reordering with\nholes on those words whose _kanji_ already have been represented at least 5\ntimes in the list by more frequent words with the holes having been patched by\nless frequent words with _kanji_ who haven't been represented.)\n\n* * *\n\nThere are several ways in which the weights could be adapted to account for\nmore than just frequency:\n\n 1. One could also take into account the stage at which individual _kanji_ are taught in Japanese schools in order to optimize the list not only for usage (in newspapers/books), but also exposure in existing learning materials, which are mostly based on the [_kyōiku kanji_](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4%E5%88%A5%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%85%8D%E5%BD%93%E8%A1%A8).\n\n 2. I would also like to associate to each _kanji_ all _kanji_ which contain the same phonetic component, even if the _on'yomi_ is slightly different, like 番 幡 or 読 続. One could also consider that such _kanji_ are easier to learn in groups and thus allow for the weights to be increased.\n\n 3. One might also give a small preference to pictographs over ideographs etc.\n\n(I have started this and if I were only half as tech-savvy as the people here\non Stack Exchange, I might have finished already.)",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T10:53:02.133",
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"body": "First of all, I think the >= sign should be reversed, your lower bound is an\nupper bound.\n\nI think m̅ is fixed and therefore trivially minimal.\n\nIt is trivially possible (but practically completely infeasible) to construct\na right-uniqe word->kanji mapping by simply choosing exactly 1 Kanji for every\ndistinct word that appears in the total list. Minimizing m̅ is equivalent to\nminimizing N*m̅, which is simply the sum of all mj (the number of distinct\nwords considered in total, as the reverse kanji->word mapping is injective),\nwhich trivially has the same value for each possibly such mapping. Therefore\nm̅ is simply the sum of all distinct words in the total list divided by N.\n\nI think what you want to minimize is actually n, while still covering a\nsatisfactory fraction of all words? In any case, the sane solution, imo, would\nbe to simply learn word lists directly and take the Kanji as they come for\nevery such word. In my experience, this is a much more productive approach\nthan focusing on, or even considering directly, \"readings\" or \"keywords\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-04T02:22:41.330",
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| 40210 | 40226 | 40226 |
{
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"body": "How do you say \"to pick up girls\" in Japanese? I would like to say: I'm going\nto go and pick up some girls! I tried: 女を持ちに行くぞ！ But I don't think 持つ is the\nright verb to use here",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-21T21:24:07.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "10587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese equivalent of \"to pick up a girl\" or \"to hit on girls\"?",
"view_count": 4661
} | [
{
"body": "You're right about 女を持ちに行くぞ！ -- that sounds horribly odd, and it quite made me\nsmile. :) It sounds like a troll going out to literally grab some women and\ncome home, perhaps to throw them in the stewpot.\n\n### The word\n\nWhen it comes to picking up girls in a less literal and more figurative sense\n:), the word I learned years ago living in Japan was ナンパする. Now that I'm\nresearching the term, the etymology seems quite interesting too.\n\n### The origins\n\nFrom what I can glean out of Shogakukan's 国語{こくご}大辞典{だいじてん} and Sanseido's\n大辞林{だいじりん}, the kanji spelling is 軟派{なんぱ}, literally _\"soft group,\nsoftliner\"_. This is (was?) an antonym for 硬派{こうは} or _\"hard group,\nhardliner\"_ , which apparently referred to young men who viewed finer clothes\nand interacting with women as effeminate and weak. In contrast, the\n_\"softliners\"_ were young men who enjoyed the company of women and liked\ndressing well. Over time, 軟派{なんぱ} seems to have shifted from being used\nprimarily as a noun as _\"this kind of young men\"_ to more of a verb use as\n_\"to be sweet on women\"_ and then to _\"to seek out members of the opposite sex\nfor purposes of having fun\"_ (loose translation of the Daijirin definition for\nsense 5 shown [here](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE)).\n\nI have noted that women may also use the term in modern usage, so it may be\nmore of a general _\"to pick someone up\"_. (That said, I may be mis-\nremembering, or accurately remembering dialectal usage.) There is also\n逆{ぎゃく}ナンパ, which does seem to be restricted to meaning a woman picking up a\nman.\n\n### The spelling\n\nI've heard this term used in speech much more than I've seen it in writing,\nbut my general sense is that this word is now more commonly spelled in kana\nthan in kanji.",
"comment_count": 2,
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{
"body": "「ひっかける」\n\n> <http://renso-\n> ruigo.com/word/%E5%A5%B3%E3%82%92%E5%BC%95%E3%81%A3%E6%8E%9B%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B>\n> のキャッシュです。\n>\n> 女を引っ掛けるの類語、関連語、連想される言葉\n>\n> ・ 路上で女を調達する ・ 言い寄る ・ ボーイハント ・ ガールハント ・ 逆ナンする ・ 口説く ・ 女漁り ・ 軟派する\n\n「ガールハント」\n\n> zokugo-dict.com › カで始まる俗語一覧\n>\n>\n> ガールハントとは\"girl（少女の意）\"と\"hunt（狩るの意）\"の合成語で、男性が遊び目的の女性に声をかけ、ひっかけることをいう。ただし、ガールハントは和製英語であり、\"girlhunt\"といった英単語はない。1950年代から普及したガールハントだが、1970年代末辺り\n> ...",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T01:43:49.293",
"id": "40217",
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{
"body": "“女を持ちに行く” doesn’t make sense in Japanese at all. ”女を引っかける” is commonly used\nfor “tempt / make advance to a woman.” “(女を)ひっかける” is a colloquial version for\n“誘惑する.”\n\n“ナンパする” is also used in the same meaning of “引っかける,” especially among\nyougergeneration. It derived from “軟派” which is defined as\n⑤遊びを目的に異性に交際を求めること。[例]かわいい子をナンパする – to approach the other sex just for sexual\npleasure. Example: hit on a cute girl. “",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-28T00:15:02.927",
"id": "40412",
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]
| 40214 | 40216 | 40216 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40223",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In English, the word \"nightmare\" isn't used just literally for a bad dream you\nhave at night-time, but also metaphorically to describe a very bad scenario,\nsuch as \"Can Samsung recover from its Galaxy Note 7 nightmare?\".\n\nCan 悪夢 be used metaphorically? jisho.org seems to suggest it can't be, but\nI've seen someone translate a metaphorical use of \"nightmare\" using \"悪夢\",\npossibly incorrectly.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-22T07:35:51.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can \"悪夢\" be used metaphorically?",
"view_count": 425
} | [
{
"body": "**Yes**. 悪夢 can be used metaphorically.\n\nSee [this dictionary\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/2956/meaning/m1u/%E6%82%AA%E5%A4%A2/):\n\n> １ いやな恐ろしい夢。また、不吉な夢。「―にうなされる」\n>\n> ２ 夢としか思えないような、思い出すのもいやで恐ろしい現実のたとえ。「戦争の―」\n\n2 is what you mentioned. For example, 戦争の悪夢 is like \"nightmare of war\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T08:14:35.610",
"id": "40223",
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{
"body": "Absolutely.\n\ni.e.,\n\n> 津波｛つなみ｝を見｛み｝て、まるで悪夢｛あくむ｝を見｛み｝ているかのようだ！\n\nWatching the tsunami was such a nightmare!\n\nIt just really stresses that the situation was one of the worst, or like a\nnightmare.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T11:20:44.903",
"id": "40227",
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{
"body": "In English, the word \"nightmare\" is very often used metaphorically. When it's\nused literally, it's often within a story, novel, movie, ... .\n\nI'd say in Jp, the word 悪夢 is used metaphorically with an even greater\nfrequency. -- or that 悪夢 is used literally with an even smaller frequency.\n\nIt's an interesting puzzle to wonder why that is.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-23T03:03:15.590",
"id": "40243",
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]
| 40220 | 40223 | 40223 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 8,
"body": "I keep hearing this phrase\n\n> .... マシだ\n\nApparently it means something along the lines of \"better than nothing\"?\n\nFor example in the drama 「結婚できない男」 there's a scene where the main character is\nbeing suggested to help out his neighbor with a stalker and the dialog is\nsomething like\n\n> ミチルちゃんが一人でビクビク歩くよりクワノさんでもいた方がましでしょ（う）？\n\nIs \"better than nothing\" a good translation or at least a good pattern to\nmatch the phrase to? I find if I can find something I might actually stay in\nEnglish to tie a Japanese phrase to I'm more likely to be able to use it.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T08:05:41.380",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "What's the meaning and usage of ~マシだ",
"view_count": 3105
} | [
{
"body": "増し is what you are looking for. It means better/preferable/increase. It\ndoesn't really have to be \"better than nothing.\" just that doing X is better.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-22T08:10:22.377",
"id": "40222",
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"body": "You seem to be overthinking the meaning of まし(マシ)だ. Its literal translation is\n\"better (than something)\" or \"preferred (to something)\". For example,\n\n> この[方]{ほう}がまだましだ. This way is far better (than the way implied in the\n> sentence).\n>\n> ないよりもましだ. (It's) better than nothing.\n>\n> [死]{し}ぬよりは[増]{ま}しだ. (It's) better than dying.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T08:57:50.207",
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{
"body": "It means \"better than something\", but there are extra nuances that both\nchoices are bad ones.\n\nIf you want to say \"A is better than B\", you can say \"BよりAの方が良い\" or\n\"BよりAの方がマシだ\". Both make sense and both mean \"A is better than B\", but if you\nuse the word \"マシだ\", there is a nuance that both A and B are terrible.\n\nFor example,\n\n> 彼よりも君の方が良い。 \n> You are better than him.\n>\n> 彼よりも君の方がマシだ。 \n> You are better than him. (But he and you are both bad.)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T09:21:51.403",
"id": "40225",
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"score": 18
},
{
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar\", page 169: \nましだ: a phrase indicating that although someone/something (or some situation)\nis not satisfactory, it is better than someone/something else.\n\nThe goo dictionary provides some examples:\n\nそんな友でもないよりましだ \nEven such a friend is better than no friend (at all).\n\nもう少しましなことは言えないのか \nCan't you say anything [something a little] more sensible?\n\n人の物を盗むくらいなら死んだほうがましだ \nI would rather die than steal another's things.\n\nこのほうがまだましだね \nThis isn't quite as bad as that.／This is less unsatisfactory than that.\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/71521/meaning/m1u/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-22T13:57:36.683",
"id": "40228",
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},
{
"body": "It's a phrase indicating that it is probably better to do something than not\nto do it -- the exact same idiom in English is \"might as well\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-22T21:08:56.293",
"id": "40239",
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"body": "Use マシ to suggest acceptable/better option given two undesirable choices.\nEnglish equivalent of the given Japanese sentence\n\"ミチルさんは[一人]でビクビク歩くよりクワノさん[と]でも行った方がマシでしょう？\" will be \"No one wants to walk with\nKuwano-san but doesn't it beat walking alone scared?\" In other words, both\nwalking alone and walking with Kuwano-san are not great choices but walking\nwith Kuwano-san at least will provide sense of security.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-23T23:55:23.720",
"id": "40255",
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{
"body": "Lots of good answers already, but I can't find this one: \"XがYよりましです\": \"X is\nless worse/bad than Y\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-24T03:10:14.607",
"id": "40259",
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{
"body": "マシ means better (than). Similer to まだマシ(At least {something} higher than\n{something}). \nYou should not use in formal place. In that case, use まだ良い instead of it.\n\n> **Example:**\n>\n> * やらずに後悔するよりやって後悔したほうがマシだ。\n> * これを食べればまだマシになるだろう。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-25T13:12:20.553",
"id": "40300",
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]
| 40221 | null | 40225 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40238",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A little context:\n\nThis is the name of a rather obscure Japanese band. The lead singer goes by\nthe name of Yasue Dangerous Ojisan (ヤスエでんじゃらすおじさん) and [this is his\nblog](http://ydo2438.jimdo.com/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB/).\n\nRecord label and retailer Tower Records [lists (or\nlisted)](https://www.google.ro/search?q=tower+YASUE+DANGEROUS+OJISAN) the name\nas \"Y MORIIIRUDO\". Google Translate romanizes the kanji [as\n\"morimeshi\"](https://translate.google.com/#ja/en/Y%E6%A3%AE%E9%A3%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89).\n\nI'm not well-versed with kanji, and I'm not sure if it's a play on words, an\nabbreviation, both, or none. This may be silly, but ルド at the end might even\nstand for \"`ld`\" (e.g. フィールド → fiirudo → field).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-22T16:40:11.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40232",
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"owner_user_id": "17462",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "How is Y森飯ルド romanized?",
"view_count": 141
} | [
{
"body": "First, ignore whatever Google says about words it doesn't recognize. Each\nkanji can have lots of readings, and Google is very bad at giving a reasonable\nguess about uncommon proper nouns.\n\nSecond, Y森飯ルド is a very odd-looking word even to native Japanese speakers.\nNeither 森飯 nor ルド is a common Japanese word. It may be some sort of wordplay,\nbut I have almost no idea what it means. It may or may not be related to rice\nfields.\n\nSuch a strange word usually comes with a furigana, but apparently they want to\nkeep the reading a secret. [This page](http://www.yodobashi.com/NO-FUN-\nISSUE-01/pd/100000009002460296/) also lists the band's name as \"Y MORIIIRUDO\",\nso probably this is the correct reading (ワイ・モリイールド or ワイ・モリイイルド in katakana).\nBut the only way to make sure is to ask that dangerous ojisan.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT** : Apparently this band name is an initialism:\n\n * Y comes from Yasue Dangerous Ojisan\n * 森 comes from [大森靖子](https://twitter.com/oomoriseiko/status/447761025379495936) (Ōmori Seiko)\n * 飯 comes from [飯田裕](https://twitter.com/seba_iida/status/506422186551177216) (Iida Yutaka ~~Iida Yu? Iida Hiroshi?~~ )\n * ルド ... I couldn't identify him/her\n\nSo \"Y MORIIIRUDO\" seems reasonable.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-22T21:03:19.753",
"id": "40238",
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}
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| 40232 | 40238 | 40238 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40245",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "One of the struggles of learning a new language is learning to think in that\nlanguage.\n\nFor example, when someone asks me \"where did I you go?\" I translate the answer\nin my head to:\n\n> Speaking of me, the bookstore, I went.\n\nAnd then answer in Japanese.\n\nHowever, if I'm trying to express an idea I've never said before\n\n> That was more difficult than I thought it would be.\n\nor an idea that doesn't conform to \"A は B です\", I'm lost.\n\nIs there a guide or ruleset to help guide English speakers on how to start\narranging their thoughts in a more Japanese way?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-22T17:58:35.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40233",
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"owner_user_id": "14587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"learning",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Is There a Good Guide to Thinking in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1213
} | [
{
"body": "You don't 'learn to think in Japanese'. No, you 'learn Japanese', then you\n'think in it'.\n\nSorry if that sounds condescending, but what I mean is that you will think in\nJapanese once you've learned to read and write it. Once your brain has been\ntrained to understand it, it will begin to put things together on its own.\n\nApart from letting your brain try to think in Japanese and not remain locked\nin 'English Mode', you can't directly learn to think in Japanese.\n\nSo ya, sorry I can't give more advice than that.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T20:54:29.660",
"id": "40237",
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{
"body": "Learning a language involves a lot of memorization, not just of words but\nentire expressions. \nThe dictionary may tell you the translations of individual words, but rarely\nthe most appropriate expression for a certain situation. \nTo learn those expressions you have to be interested in the culture. \n- read as many books (in Japanese of course) as possible, including fiction and non-fiction. \n- watch videos with audio and subtitles in Japanese. \n- listen to music while reading the lyrics.\n\nEven though it seems a lot of hard work, if you are interested in the culture,\nit should actually be a lot of fun.\n\nFor examples when I was studying English (my first language is Portuguese) one\nof the first books I started reading was the Exorcist. \nThe book was so exciting that I couldn't stop reading, even though I couldn't\nunderstand half of the words.\n\nYou can get the overall meaning of any text if you know at least half of the\nwords in the texts. \nIn other words it is not necessary to know the meaning of every single word to\nget the meaning of the text.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-23T04:05:59.080",
"id": "40245",
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| 40233 | 40245 | 40237 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40236",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The speaker is defending her teacher:\n\n> 「毎日クラス全員のこと、こまかくノートに書いてるんだよ。 **会話したことまで** 」 \n> Every day, in her notebook, she made detailed notes about all the class.\n> _Even as far as conversations._\n\nAm I correct that verb-ことまで means \"to go as far as doing verb\"?\n\nI'm not 100% sure about the verb here. Is した just a substitute for 書いた? i.e.\nis it talking about writing down the conversations, or is it talking about the\nact of conversing itself?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-22T18:15:37.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40235",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-23T04:08:23.293",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Understanding したことまで",
"view_count": 186
} | [
{
"body": "した in 会話した is simply a part of the suru-verb 会話する (\"to converse\"), which is an\nintransitive verb that does not take を.\n\nIf we took this こと after 会話した as a nominalizer, this would mean \"She writes\neven the fact her classmates conversed\", which makes almost no sense to me.\nThe mere fact that \"students made a conversation\" is not a meaningful piece of\ninformation because students do so every day.\n\nSo I think this こと simply is \"things\", and 会話したこと means \"the things we\nconversed _about_ \", or \"the contents of our conversations\".\n\nRelative clauses in Japanese can have an adverbial relationship with the\nmodified noun (Type B in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39551/5010)), and can be safely\nused with intransitive verbs.\n\nExamples:\n\n> * よく行く場所 the place we often go _to_\n> * 何か書くもの something to write _with_ (eg, a pen)\n> * 何か書くこと something to write _about_ (eg, an event)\n> * 感謝の気持ちを表す言葉 words _with_ which I can express my gratitude\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T20:20:35.797",
"id": "40236",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 7
},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary, 会話 can be followed by する. \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/37284/meaning/m0u/%E4%BC%9A%E8%A9%B1/>\n\n会話する = to talk \n会話した = talked \n会話したこと = the fact that I talked \n会話したことまで = even the fact that I talked\n\nStrictly speaking, it is talking about the act of conversing itself, but I\nthink it includes the conversations.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-23T03:43:32.783",
"id": "40244",
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}
]
| 40235 | 40236 | 40236 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40241",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there a difference in meaning between the following two sentences?\n\n> 昼食の用意が出来ました。\n>\n> 昼食の用意が出来ています。\n\nWhich one is more appropriate when announcing to your family that lunch is\nready?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T21:12:57.063",
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"id": "40240",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Usage of 用意 with different conjugations of 出来る",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "用意が出来ました means something have just become ready, whereas 用意が出来ています means\nsomething is (already) ready. Use the former to someone who has been waiting\nfor the lunch, and use the latter to someone who have just returned home.\n\nSee these questions if you're not sure why 出来ています means such a thing:\n\n * [準備が出来ている-Meaning and Explanation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17441/5010)\n * [When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation of state?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-22T21:26:14.820",
"id": "40241",
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{
"body": "```\n\n ( There's a great answer already. So I'd add ... )\n \n```\n\nThe first time, a person says: 昼食の用意が出来ました。\n\n5 minutes later, he/she may say this: 昼食の用意が出来ています。-- ( to mean that [it has\nbeen ready] -- so it can be sarcastic, nagging, etc.)\n\n[When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/16344) \n( \"Last night, when I asked my wife to send an email to me, she said もう送っている\n... \" ) \nWhen she said, もう送っている (it's been sent already) -- it can be (or can have\nsmall elements of being) sarcastic, nagging, etc.\n\n* * *\n\n用意が出来ています。\n\n 1. present perfect -- it has been ready.\n 2. general condition, habit \n\n* * *\n\nFor 「昨日 寝てない」 there are a few different possible interpretations.\n\n 1. present perfect 「昨日から 寝てない」 \n\n 2. general condition, habit 「最近 よく寝てない」 \n\n 3. (past perfect?) or Experience\n\n3a. Preparation, e.g. for a test. --------------- See: [Meaning of\n寝てない](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38796/meaning-\nof-%e5%af%9d%e3%81%a6%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84/38807#38807)",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-22T21:43:50.367",
"id": "40242",
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"owner_user_id": "16344",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 40240 | 40241 | 40241 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40257",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat-a-cake,_pat-a-cake,_baker%27s_man>\n\nIts recorded on Fisher Price toy TV remote control. That's what my Japanese\nwife says but she doesn't speak slowly so I can't be sure. I have no hits on\nGoogle search so it that right? If not what is the correct name?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-23T08:41:55.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40246",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-24T00:36:12.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is patacake game called ぬすんではらいて",
"view_count": 366
} | [
{
"body": "It's a children's song called \"むすんでひらいて\" (musunde hiraite)\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oypsXiOM3S0>\n\nむすぶ(musubu)＝tie a knot (\"make a fist\")\n\nひらく(hiraku)＝open [something]\n\nThe song title in English is \"open your hand and close your hand\"\n\nP.S. Tho I do like your song title! \"steal and open\" :D",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-24T00:36:12.457",
"id": "40257",
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| 40246 | 40257 | 40257 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is what I got from Google Translate but from past experiences with Google\ntranslate I doubt it's accurate.\n\n> この曲は、私たちの親に専用されています",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-23T11:01:24.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40248",
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"owner_user_id": "18377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"This song is dedicated to our parents \" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 927
} | [
{
"body": "If it means for our parents, I created this song, it should be translated to:\nこの曲は私達の両親のために作りました。 If it's in a situation that before playing this song,\nsaying that \"this song is dedicated to our parents.\" It should be translated\nto: 私達の両親のために、この曲を演奏します。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-23T12:34:09.240",
"id": "40249",
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{
"body": "Roughly OK... but you should _not_ translate \"dedicated\" to 専用. I would\ntranslate in the following manner:\n\n> * この曲は私達の親のために作った。 \n> * this song is made for our parents.\n> * この曲は私達の親のために身を尽くして作った。 \n> * this song is made to serve our parents.\n>\n\nSee also: [Weblio (including\nJapanese)](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/dedicated)",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-23T14:13:27.560",
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| 40248 | null | 40249 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found a bit interesting bits on them through some research, but nothing\nabout what the grammatical rules are for using them all. Any ideas?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-23T23:55:36.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40256",
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"owner_user_id": "3172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What are the grammatical rules for using filler words in Japanese(e.g. ええと, なんか, あの, and so on)?",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "Fillers are [speech\ndisfluency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_disfluency). It's part of\nspeech but not grammar. Use them to fill voids in speech just like English\nspeakers use \"Um..\", \"well..\", \"like..\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-24T00:48:00.353",
"id": "40258",
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| 40256 | null | 40258 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40261",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone help me to understand the difference between these two. From what\nI understand they both mean \"Where do you live?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-24T03:54:48.820",
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"id": "40260",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-25T02:25:42.347",
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"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "O-sumai-wa dochira-desu ka? vs Doko-ni sunde i-masu ka?",
"view_count": 2404
} | [
{
"body": "Just that the first one is the polite version, used when you're talking to\ncomplete strangers or people in positions higher than you, or who are older\nthan you.\n\n\"Doko ni sunde imasu ka\" can be used with respect to the sets of people as\nmentioned above but it is simply lesser in its formality compared to the first\none, but is respectful and polite nonetheless.\n\nAny standard Japanese learner would be using the second version, and I think\nthat the first one would be used by those who've been using Japanese for quite\na good while now and who know some business-Japanese as well <-- This, I mean\nin the case of foreigners who are Japanese students.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-24T04:16:41.470",
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| 40260 | 40261 | 40261 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40264",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can anyone explain what is the difference between そして and それから, and when to\nuse which?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-24T08:37:29.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40263",
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"owner_user_id": "18386",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 27,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between そして (soshite) and それから (sorekara)?",
"view_count": 120576
} | [
{
"body": "There is an article about the difference (although in Japanese):\n[「そして」／「それから」の一考察](http://www.ffl.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/graduate/ronsyu/img/vol_04/vol04_04.pdf)\n\nAs shown in the picture below, in a nutshell, this article says that **それから\ninvolves a shift in viewpoint** , while そして adds information from the same\nviewpoint.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eSZTl.png)\n\nLet me try to explain this.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen you describe something happens after something, basically you can use\nboth そして and それから. But それから more explicitly focuses on the sequence of events\n(what comes next to something), and often implies the two things happens more\nor less _independently_. It's closer to \"after that\" in English. On the other\nhand, そして often implies the second thing happens as a result of the first\nthing (\"and\" in English).\n\nExamples:\n\n> 今日【きょう】は宿題【しゅくだい】をして、｛そして／それから｝テレビを見【み】ます。 \n> Today, I'll do my homework, ______ watch TV.\n\nHere, そして and それから are interchangeable, but それから sounds more like \"and after\nthat\" while そして sounds more like \"and then\".\n\n> まじめに勉強【べんきょう】して、そして試験【しけん】に合格【ごうかく】しました。 \n> I studied seriously, and passed the examination.\n\nHere そして is the natural choice because he passed the exam _because_ he studied\nseriously. Such reason-result relationships are denoted only by そして. If you\nused それから here, it would sound like \"in addition\", which sounds awkward.\n\n> まず、まじめに勉強【べんきょう】して、それから試験【しけん】を受【う】けなさい。 \n> You must study seriously first, and after that, take the exam.\n\nHere それから is the natural choice because the speaker is strongly emphasizing\nthe proper order of what you need to do. (Maybe you can forget the picture\nabove in this case)\n\n* * *\n\nWhen you list multiple things, you can use both それから and そして:\n\n> 彼【かれ】は日本語【にほんご】と英語【えいご】、｛そして／それから｝スペイン語【ご】が話【はな】せます。 \n> He can speak Japanese, English, ______ Spanish.\n\nHere そして and それから are interchangeable, but それから is much less common in formal,\nwritten, or organized sentences.\n\n> 彼は日本語と英語が話せます。あ、それからスペイン語も。 \n> He can speak Japanese and English. Oh, Spanish, too.\n\nHere それから sounds more natural because the speaker was not \"seeing\" Spanish at\nfirst. In conversations, それから is a good word to add something as an\nafterthought (see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/12194/5010)).\n\n> えーと、それから… \n> Um, let's see ... / And, well, er ...\n\nActually それから is a common filler word used when the speaker is trying to say\nsomething more. Maybe he's trying to \"change his viewpoint\".",
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},
{
"body": "Used as a conjunction there is no difference. \nThey both can be translated as \"and\" or \"then\". \nそして can also be used as an adverb meaning \"in that way\"\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/128664/meaning/m0u/> \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/131765/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89/> \n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/43185/meaning/m0u/%E7%84%B6%E3%81%86%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6/>",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-24T13:55:41.230",
"id": "40269",
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]
| 40263 | 40264 | 40264 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40268",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "From what I understand, this means \"Please refrain from smoking\". However, I\ncannot find what \"goenryo\" means by looking it up in the dictionary.\n\nCan someone help me by explaining what it means?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-24T11:33:43.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40265",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-10-24T14:40:40.280",
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"owner_user_id": "17660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of \"Tabako-wa goenryo kudasai\"",
"view_count": 911
} | [
{
"body": "\"go\" is to be polite and is not part of the word. The word is enryo. \nタバコはご「遠慮」ください。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-24T11:37:26.313",
"id": "40266",
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{
"body": "I suppose it is Tabako-wa goenryo kudasai(タバコはご遠慮ください). \nThat means:\n\n> **Refrain from** smoking.\n\n遠慮 means **refrain from**. Similar to 控える. Commonly used in instructions.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-24T13:23:35.150",
"id": "40267",
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{
"body": "The word is 御遠慮 (go-enryo)\n\n遠慮する: to refrain from \n<http://jisho.org/search/%E9%81%A0%E6%85%AE>\n\n御: honorific/polite prefix \n<http://jisho.org/search/%E5%BE%A1>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-24T13:27:39.783",
"id": "40268",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 40265 | 40268 | 40268 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40274",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is 手{て}が折{お}れた a natural way to express the situation where I broke a bone in\nmy hand?\n\nIn English, saying \" _I broke my hand_.\" and \" _I broke a bone in my hand._ \"\nis pretty much the same to me (unless of course I gotta express which bone).\n\nMaybe is 手が折れた an unnaturally sounding direct translation of English? Maybe\n手の骨が折れた。 sounds more technical?\n\nthanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-24T15:16:47.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40271",
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"owner_user_id": "15778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "\"手が折れた\" a natural way to express that the bone in a hand is broken?",
"view_count": 2658
} | [
{
"body": "To me, 手が折れた is less natural than 手の骨が折れた, possibly because 手 is not something\nlong to be snapped into two, even though 手の骨が折れた may sound a little technical\nas you said.\n\nOn the other hand, phrases like 腕が折れた, [脚]{あし}が折れた are natural, which in most\ncases mean that a bone of one's arm/leg is broken.\n\nNote that, as a single verb 折れる does not literally mean \"break _a bone_ \",\n腕が折れた and so on is rather informal. To be formal, you have to say 腕の骨が折れた or\n腕を骨折した.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-24T16:08:13.203",
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| 40271 | 40274 | 40274 |
{
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"body": "ダメだよ花咲、先生に見つかったら色々ヤバいんだからさ\n\nSo from what I understand the に takes the meaning of \"by\" only when used with\na passive form. That is when used with passive form the person/object etc\nmarked by に is the one doing the action directly or indirectly.\n\nAnd when there's no passive form the action is being directed toward the\nperson/object marked by に.\n\nIn this case however there is no passive yet it still takes the meaning \"by\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-24T17:12:30.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40276",
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"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "About the usage of the particle に",
"view_count": 53
} | []
| 40276 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40279",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm writing an essay, and to lead into the next paragraph I need to start\nwith, \"From here (which is \"korekara\" I believe) I would like to talk about 2\nof my family members, my brother and my mom.\" I need it in Romaji because I\ncan't read some kanji very well.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T00:20:53.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40277",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-26T14:10:26.677",
"last_edit_date": "2016-10-25T13:37:28.380",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "I am writing an essay and I need to say, \"From here, I would like to talk about my family\"",
"view_count": 1054
} | [
{
"body": "> Korekara, watakushi (or watashi) wa kazoku ni tsuite ohanashi sasete\n> itadakitai to omoimasu.\n\n--> polite, a little advanced maybe.\n\n(or)\n\n> Korekara, watakushi (or watashi) wa kazoku ni tsuite hanashimasu /\n> hanashitai to omoimasu.\n\n--> simple and polite.\n\nHere, \"hanashimasu\" is \"I will speak\" whereas \"hanashitai to omoimasu\" is \"I\nthink I'd like to talk\".\n\nHope this helps! Sorry if its too long.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-25T01:15:51.020",
"id": "40279",
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"body": "Since it's an essay, you'd use ここから(は) / kokokara (wa) (from here), rather\nthan これから / korekara (from now), to lead into the next paragraph, like this:\n\n> ここからは、[私]{わたし}の[家族]{かぞく}について｛お[話]{はな}しします。/ お[話]{はな}ししたいと[思]{おも}います。/\n> [書]{か}きたいと[思]{おも}います。｝\n>\n> (kokokara wa, watashi no kazoku ni tsuite {o-hanashi shimasu. / o-hanashi\n> shitai to omoimasu. / kakitai to omoimasu.})\n\nLiterally: \"From here, {I'll talk / I'd like to talk / I'd like to write}\nabout my family.\"\n\nAlternatively you could start with 「[次]{つぎ}に、・・・」 \"tsugi ni,\" meaning \"Next,\n...\"\n\nTo sound more natural you could add 「さて、」 \"sate,\" at the beginning, meaning\n\"Now,\" or \"By the way,\" as in 「さて、ここからは・・・ 」「さて、次に・・・」.",
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| 40277 | 40279 | 40283 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40281",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "From the context I think he meant: Why was that person so scared?\n\nBut what does this よう mean? Couldn't it be just 怯え?\n\n> あの怯え **よう** は何だ？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T00:47:06.980",
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"id": "40278",
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"owner_user_id": "18351",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Could someone tell me why is よう being used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 232
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not sure where you read that and in what context it is used but after a\nfew searches on the internet, I can say that the usage of 怯えよう is \"nearly\"\nnonexistent.\n\nよう could be 様 or 用. \nIf it is 用, the sentence could mean something like \"whats the point of getting\nscared?\" or \"what's the reason you are getting scared for?\"\n\nIf it is 様, it could mean \"what's up with that scared look on your face?\" etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T01:23:02.060",
"id": "40280",
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{
"body": "This kind of よう after masu-stem forms a noun phrase meaning \"the way of ～\",\n\"how one ～\", \"one's manner of ～\", etc. I think it's a relatively uncommon,\nliterary usage.\n\n> あの怯えようは何だ？ \n> (lit.) What's his way of being frightened? / Hey look how he's frightened!\n\nよう may appear in the following forms:\n\n * `dictionary-form + 様【よう】`: so that; in order to (泳ぐよう, 見るよう, 食べるよう) Usu. in kana\n * `masu-stem + 様【よう】`: way of ～ (泳ぎよう, 見よう, 食べよう) Usu. in kana\n * As part of the volitional-form of vowel-stem verbs: Let's ～ ; I think I will ～ (見よう, 食べよう)\n * `dictionary-form + 用【よう】`: for the purpose of ～ (泳ぐ用, 見る用, 食べる用)\n\nExamples:\n\n> * 見ようによっては、正しいと言える。 \n> Depending on how you see it, you can say it's correct.\n> * 馬鹿とはさみは使いよう (Japanese proverb) \n> (lit.) As for idiots and scissors, it's all about how you use them. \n> Everything comes in handy when used right.\n>\n\n`masu-stem + っぷり` is a similar pattern which emphasizes \"how\n{extraordinary/intensively/etc} one does something\". (See\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13390/5010))\n\n * あの怯えっぷりは何だ？ ≒ あの怯えようは何だ？\n * 彼の飲みっぷりは素晴らしい。 I'm impressed that he's a good drinker.\n\n怯え in its own right means \"fear\" (noun), which is not something one can\ndirectly see. So you need よう/っぷり/かた after 怯え.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-25T01:26:13.593",
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}
]
| 40278 | 40281 | 40281 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40284",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found the word 高めだし and I guess it means \"really expensive\" or something\nsimilar. How does it work grammatically? Can -めだし be used after any -i\nadjective? And what does it mean? Does it come from the verb 目立つ? If yes,\nshouldn't it be -めだち? Thanks for your help!\n\nContext:\n\n> えっ！？でもそのショップって何でも高めだし！",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T01:58:26.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "40282",
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Grammatical explanation of 高めだし",
"view_count": 276
} | [
{
"body": "高め means kinda high (expensive). \nだ is just casual です. \nし (at the end of a phrase) notes one (of several) reasons.\n\nThe sentence seems to mean that the talker don't want to go because among\nother things, the shop is too expensive.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T02:05:06.647",
"id": "40284",
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]
| 40282 | 40284 | 40284 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Can びょうびょう be used to mean the sound of a strong wind? Or does it mean\n\"boundless; limitless; vast; broad\" wind?\n\n> びょうびょうと風が、耳元でうなった",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-25T03:41:24.350",
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"id": "40285",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Meanings of びょうびょう",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "I think you might be right and that the dictionary is lacking(which is not\nrare) by only showing the definition as(\"boundless; limitless; vast; broad\").\nI searched many web dictionaries in Japanese websites and it seems that it can\nbe meant as the howling sound of a dog. So perhaps the howling sound of the\nwind as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T04:12:06.663",
"id": "40286",
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{
"body": "びゅうびゅう is right. びょうびょう is not common Japanese. Meaning would be almost right.\nIt means too strong wind to go out and keep comfortable.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T04:44:54.507",
"id": "40288",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-25T04:44:54.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "The びょうびょう you're referring to as \"boundless\" is [渺渺]{びょうびょう}, usually used as\n-たる form (形容動詞).\n\nIn this context, the word is an onomatopoeia for the howling sound of the wind\n(note that it has nothing to do with 渺渺). As @ganbare says, びゅうびゅう is much\nmore commonly used for the sound of wind, but such variations are fairly\ncommon in onomatopoeic expressions. I feel that びょうびょう sounds more harsh than\nびゅうびゅう, but it's probably just me.\n\nびょうびょう/びよびよ for the sound of the howling sound of a dog (as @stack reader\nrefers to) is an archaic usage and is mostly extinct today.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-25T12:45:34.387",
"id": "40299",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 40285 | null | 40299 |
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