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{
"accepted_answer_id": "39041",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As far as I know, くて and で can be used in conjunction with te-form to join\nmultiple sentences in Japanese.\n\nBut can the same thing be done in plain form?\n\nI get the opinion that it can from my Year 11 Japanese teacher. Out of my\njoint script for an interactive oral task, my teacher identified the following\nsentences as having room for improvement:\n\n> J:また僕は言語が 好きで、面白くて、たくさん学んでいます。\n>\n> T: エレクトロニクスは面白くて、楽しくてら、一番好きな科目です。\n\nHe said something along the lines of _plain_ form needing to be used to\nconnect the sentences, whilst finishing with the _kara_ clause for _both_\nsentences.\n\nMy teacher also said that 面白い is the same in plain form, which means that no\nauxiliary suffix would be needed to connect sentences where the word appears.\nBut what about for 好きな, which is a _na-adjective_?\n\nI am very confused by this and I may not have time to get clarification from\nmy teacher. My ultimate question here is, is sentence-joining plausible using\nplain form?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T05:54:20.893",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39022",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-08T02:13:57.680",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "15822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"formality"
],
"title": "Sentences can be joined using te-form. What about in plain form?",
"view_count": 278
} | [
{
"body": "I'm still unsure what you want to join here. Perhaps you actually want to join\ntwo _clauses_ or two _adjectives_ , not two _sentences_. Please [read\nthis](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/sentences) carefully if you\ndon't know the difference between words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The\nlink is about English language but almost everything in the link can be\napplied to Japanese, too.\n\n* * *\n\n> [×] 僕は言語が好きで、面白くて、たくさん学んでいます。 \n> ([×] I like languages, am interesting, and learn them a lot.)\n\nThis sentence is ungrammatical, but the problem is not about verb/adjective\nforms but about an inconsistent topic. This sentence tries to say these three\nthings in parallel, right?\n\n * 僕は言語が好きです。 I like languages.\n * 言語は面白いです。 Languages are interesting.\n * 僕は言語をたくさん学んでいます。 I learn languages a lot.\n\nEach sentence makes perfect sense. But can you see the second sentence above\nhas a different _topic_ marked by は? In the first and third sentences you're\ntalking about 僕, using 僕 as the topic. But the second sentence uses 言語 as the\ntopic. Note that you cannot say [×]僕は言語が面白い; it's ungrammatical.\n\nThe sentence you made is ungrammatical because the first 僕は works as the topic\nthroughout this sentence. The second part would sound as if you were saying\n僕は面白い (\"I am a funny person\")!\n\nThere are many ways to fix this sentence.\n\n> * 僕は言語が好きで、たくさん学んでいます。言語は面白いです。 \n> I like languages and learn them a lot. Languages are interesting. \n> (Simple and clean: Split this into two sentences, and use only one topic\n> per sentence.)\n> * 僕は言語が好きで、言語は面白くて、僕はたくさん学んでいます。 \n> I like languages, and languages are interesting, and I learn them a lot. \n> (Explicitly switch the topic for each clause. It looks poorly written, but\n> works)\n> * 僕は言語が好きで、言語は面白いからたくさん学んでいます。 \n> I like languages and learn them a lot because languages are interesting. \n> (Here 言語は面白いから is a _[subordinate\n> clause](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/clauses)_ that adverbially\n> modifies 学ぶ. This 言語は works as a \"temporary\" topic that is effective only in\n> this subordinate clause. The topic of 学んで is 僕 again.)\n> * 僕は言語が好きです。言語は面白いからたくさん学んでいます。 \n> I like languages. I learn languages a lot because they are interesting. \n> (Almost the same as above. から introduces a subordinate clause, which means\n> you can have a different temporary topic in that clause. The main topic of\n> the second sentence is still 僕, which is omitted.)\n>\n\nHowever I don't know what your teacher wanted to mean by saying \"plain form\".\nUsually the plain form cannot be used on its own to connect two things inside\none sentence. Maybe your teacher wanted you to split this sentence into two?\nOr if you presented this sentence orally to your teacher, maybe your teacher\ntook it as two sentences (i.e., there are two periods) and said \"A sentence\nmust not end with a te-form\".\n\n* * *\n\n> * エレクトロニクスは面白くて、楽しいですから、一番好きな科目です。\n> * エレクトロニクスは面白くて、楽しくて、一番好きな科目です。\n> * エレクトロニクスは面白くて、楽しいです。一番好きな科目です。\n>\n\n(楽しくてら is obviously a typo.) These are all valid because エレクトロニクス can safely\nwork as the topic of the three predicates (面白い, 楽しい and 一番好きな科目だ) here. The\nthird line consists of two sentences, and the first sentence ends with a\nplain-form.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-08T02:08:18.467",
"id": "39041",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-08T02:13:57.680",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-08T02:13:57.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39022",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39022 | 39041 | 39041 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39026",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that they both mean to transmit or communicate, but I am having a\nhard time understanding how they are used. I have seen them both used, for\nexample, on cellphones.\n\n> メッセージを送信【そうしん】 in one messaging app\n>\n> メッセージを通信【つうしん】 in another messaging app\n\nIs there a difference in the feeling, or is one more \"correct\"? Can they be\nused in different contexts, instead of only being used in the same way?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T06:37:21.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39023",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T07:45:37.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17742",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 送信【そうしん】 and 通信【つうしん】",
"view_count": 303
} | [
{
"body": "送信 means outbound communication, 受信 means inbound communication, and 通信 means\ncommunication in general. We also have a word 送受信, which explicitly refers to\ncommunication in both directions.\n\nSo メッセージを送信 only means _sending_ a message. メッセージを通信 means both _sending_ and\n_receiving_ messages.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T07:45:37.860",
"id": "39026",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T07:45:37.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39023",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 39023 | 39026 | 39026 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39027",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is 漢画 the best translation of Chinese-style painting? I saw it at the Kyoto\nNational Museum in quotation marks with hiragana above it. By \"Chinese style\npainting\", I mean artworks that use brushes on a paper like surface, usually\nhas few or just one colour, and often portrays a very mountainous landscape.\nAn example can be seen in the first few seconds of the music video of Dami\nIm's song \"Gladiator\".\n\nWhen I tried typing the hiragana for it, かんが, the IME wouldn't let me choose\nit directly, instead requiring me to choose one kanji at a time, and 漢画 wasn't\nlisted in jisho.org, nor was there anything for \"Chinese drawing\". Doing a\nsearch of 漢画 on Japanese Wikipedia didn't indicate it was a redirect or title\nfor an article, while looking at the Japanese version of English Wikipedia's\narticle on the subject had a title of 中国の絵画.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T07:44:41.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39025",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T22:43:39.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Is 漢画 the most suitable translation of Chinese style paintings?",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "漢画 is not common, although it's not difficult to guess the meaning. 中国の絵画 is\nnot a set phrase but a simple combination of words meaning \"Chinese paintings\"\nin general.\n\nThe art genre you're referring to is widely known to Japanese people as\n[水墨画【すいぼくが】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A2%A8%E7%94%BB) (ink-\nwash painting) or more specifically,\n[山水画【さんすいが】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%BB). These\nare the typical 中国の絵画, but 中国の絵画 is of course more than that.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T07:58:12.130",
"id": "39027",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T08:08:42.207",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-07T08:08:42.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "There is also a sub-genre ジャンル of 水墨画 called 禅画.\n\n> 禅画(ゼンガ)\n>\n>\n> [https://kotobank.jp/word/禅画-681808](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%A6%85%E7%94%BB-681808)\n>\n> デジタル大辞泉 - 禅画の用語解説 - 禅宗の教義や精神を表現した絵画。白隠慧鶴(はくいんえかく)の作品などが知られる。\n\nThe most famous 禅画 in Japan is this one: ◻ △ ◯\n\n> <http://blog.goo.ne.jp/harold1234/e/ef3e2b828689c9410c213bd64fdaf336>\n> 円、三角、四角だけを描いた英語名「The Universe」\n\nA famous scene often depicted in 禅画 is 拈華微笑\n\n>\n> [https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/拈華微笑](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%88%E8%8F%AF%E5%BE%AE%E7%AC%91)\n>\n> 拈華微笑（ねんげみしょう）とは、禅宗において禅の法脈を釈尊から受け継いだとされる伝説のこと。 概略[編集].\n> インドの霊鷲山（グリドラクータ）上で釈尊が黙って華を拈（ひね）ったところ、大衆はその意味を理解することができなかったが、迦葉尊者だけがその ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T19:12:35.343",
"id": "39038",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T22:43:39.003",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39025 | 39027 | 39027 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am learning the honorific and humble forms, and am confused by the precises\nsituations in which you use them. I understand that when speaking directly to\nan individual of higher status, one would use the honorific forms when\ndiscussing your conversation partner, and one cold also use the humble forms\nwhen discussing oneself. However, what form to use when talking about a\nsuperior with an equal? For example asking your classmate Yuki whether your\nprofessor has been to England, which would be more appropriate?\n\nユキさん、先生は英国へ行きのがありましたか？\n\nユキさん、先生は英国へいらっしゃいのがありましたか？\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T08:02:29.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39028",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T08:50:19.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"keigo",
"sonkeigo"
],
"title": "Using けいご to talk about a third party",
"view_count": 363
} | [
{
"body": "First, you're using [the ことがある\nconstruction](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/genericnouns)\nincorrectly. Don't try to replace this こと with の. And the preceding verb must\nbe in the ta-form (not the verb-stem) because you're talking about his past\nexperience.\n\nAs a general rule, select honorific/humble verbs based on who did the action,\nnot on whom you're talking to. In your example, the verb 行く is done by 先生, so\nyou can replace this 行く with some honorific expression:\n\n> * ユキさん、先生は英国へいらっしゃったことがありますか。\n> * ユキさん、先生は英国へ行かれたことがありますか。\n>\n\nThe second line above is using [れる to form an honorific\nexpression](http://japanese-\nrevision.tumblr.com/post/46179095323/v%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B).\n\nIn reality, when students are casually talking about their teachers, many\npeople don't use keigo at all. To me, \"先生は英国へ行ったことがある？\" would look more\nrealistic in casual conversations. But if you're a beginner, start from the\nbasic, polite, masu-form-based expressions which are always safe.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T08:50:19.643",
"id": "39029",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T08:50:19.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39028",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39028 | null | 39029 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39039",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am currently studying this grammar point ~ものですから, and I understand that the\nmeaning is \"because; the reason is\"\n\nHowever it seems to me that there is no difference if we omit the もの. So can\nsomeone enlightening me, what is the difference between:\n\neg.\n\n私は忙しいものですから. and 私は忙しいですから.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T09:17:42.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39030",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T23:09:56.843",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-07T10:05:51.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "10812",
"owner_user_id": "10812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ものですから and just ですから?",
"view_count": 941
} | [
{
"body": "ものですから/もんだから is a construction that explains the reason for an unfortunate\nsituation.\n\nSo for your example, it would be more fitting to use it in (as an example) the\nfollowing sentence:\n\nA:昨日のパーティーに来れなくて残念でしたね。Too bad you couldn't come to yesterday's party。\n\nB:私は忙しいものですから。I'm a busy person. (so I couldn't go)\n\nNOTE: This does sound kind of cold for this particular example. :P.\n\n<http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=monodakara>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T16:48:16.027",
"id": "39037",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T16:48:16.027",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3916",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14134469774>\n>\n> 「…ですから」と「…ものですから」の区別があるでしょうか\n>\n> 事故で電車が遅れたものですから、遅くなってすみません。\n\nEsp. when making / stating excuses, this form [ . . . ものですから、] is often used.\n\nIt's hard to explain, but it has this < je ne sais quoi > droll quality.\n\n* * *\n\n> 私は忙しいですから.\n\nOne problem is that [ 忙しいです ] is not considered grammatical by purists.\n\nAccording to the purists, the correct form is 忙しゅうございます\n\n〈 形容詞+「です」 〉 . . . -- I probably say this in speech, but i try to avoid it in\nwriting.\n\n> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1256554757>\n>\n> 形容詞+「です」の形は、厳密に言えば誤用です。ただ、一般的には許容されています。 ........\n>\n> 「強いです」の類いは、厳密に言えば誤用です。「強かったです」なども同様で、厳密に言えば誤用です。\n\n* * *\n\nI had much more trouble finding pages on it than i thought -- one indication\nthat 〈 形容詞+「です」 〉 is more accepted / acceptable today than 20 years ago.\n\n> <http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/7428403.html>\n>\n> ただ、〈形容詞+「です」〉は昭和27年の段階で文化庁が許容しています。そのせいか、現代では辞書や文法書も許容しているようです。\n>\n> 外国人向けの日本語教育の教科書も 〈形容詞+「です」〉 を採用しています。\n>\n> しかし、その一方で年配者などのなかには 〈形容詞+「です」〉 に抵抗を感じる人が多いようです。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T19:47:49.687",
"id": "39039",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T23:09:56.843",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "39030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39030 | 39039 | 39039 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In a song called \"Tegami\" I don't understand 宛てて+書く in\n\n> 未来の自分に **宛てて書く** 手紙なら\n\nI wonder what's this rule and does this mean address(v) + write (v) or\ntogether make new meaning?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T10:40:05.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39031",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T16:39:55.833",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-07T12:26:01.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "17788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "te form + infinitive +noun",
"view_count": 795
} | [
{
"body": "宛てて書く is not an idiomatic/compound verb. It's just two verbs, connected using\nthe te-form.\n\n宛てて is the te-form of the verb 宛てる (to address (a letter)), and this kind of\nte-form describes how or under what circumstances the second verb (書く) is\ndone. In general, this type of `V1 + て/で + V2` can be translated as \"V2\n(while) doing V1\" or \"V2 by doing V1\".\n\nExamples:\n\n> * 歩いて学校に行く go to school by walking / go to school on foot\n> * 包丁を使ってたまねぎを切る cut an onion using a knife\n> * 未来の自分に宛てて手紙を書く write a letter addressing the future self\n> * 注意して歩く walk while paying attention / walk with attention\n> * 遊んで過ごす live an idle life\n>\n\nSee: [て form and adverbial\nmeaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38769/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T12:38:30.297",
"id": "39033",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T12:38:30.297",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
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{
"body": "手紙 - A letter\n\n書く手紙 - To write a letter\n\n宛てて書く手紙 - To address and write a lettter\n\nWhen you put it together with the rest of the lyrics:\n\n> 未来の自分に宛てて書く手紙なら\n>\n> If it's a letter written to myself in the future.... (next lines in the song\n> finish the sentence)\n\nAnd the verb form is yes, just て-form + the dictionary form, which joins two\nverbs.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-07T16:39:55.833",
"id": "39036",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-07T16:39:55.833",
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"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "39031",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 39031 | null | 39033 |
{
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"body": "So I've changed [my question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38986/542)\nin regarding these so called nominalisation and the usage of の, こと, 物。My\nconfusion stems from what I learned or lacked from [this specific website that\nexplains about の\nparticle](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticles).\n\nFrom that source I concluded the following:\n\n * Adj + 物 = the thing that is (adj). \n * 白い物 = the thing that is white.\n * 白い物は大嫌い(I dislike/hate white things).\n * Verb + こと = the event of gerund(verb + ing). \n * 成ること = becoming.\n * 貴女が医者になることを忘れてね = just forget becoming a doctor okay?\n\nBoth 物 and こと can be replaced by の.\n\nHowever, I'm extremely confused when I learned about adj + こと and verb + 物.\n見た本(the book I saw) so 見た物 means the thing I saw. It seems like a relative\nclause. Which means 選ぶこと can mean (the event of choosing) or (the\nthing(abstract) that someone choose). Besides that how can I know if 選ぶの\nindicates ことor 物 and if it is \"the thing I choose/the event of choosing\"?\n\nAnd the adj + こと is what really kills me.\n\n * 私が大きい物は嫌いだ = I hate to be physically big.\n * 私が楽しいことは好きだ = I like to be mentally fun.\n\nIt is as if the adjective is being the same with the subject(verb to be). I'm\nso confused with these, doesn't the の after verb and adj turns them into\nnouns?\n\nAll of the examples and information in here are just my assumptions which may\nor may not be wrong. Even if they are right I'm not exactly sure how it\nhappens the way it is. So please correct me for any misinformation and\nmisunderstanding, also fill me in the gap that I lacked upon. Truly thank you\nand any help will be appreciated.",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "I am confused about nominalisation and the usage of の、こと、物 after verbs and adjectives. Can someone help me?",
"view_count": 1869
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{
"body": "Apart from the fact that 貴女が医者になること ~~を~~ は 忘れてね？ (\"Forget the fact that you\nwill become a doctor, okay?\") is different form \"just forget becoming a doctor\nokay?\" and 私が大きい物は嫌いだ should be 私は自分が大きいことは嫌いだ, You misunderstand nothing.\n\n私が楽しいこと can mean \"that I am fun\" beside \"things with which I can be fun\". So\n私が楽しいことは好き can mean \"I like that I am fun\", that is, I like to be fun.",
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"body": "の after a verb can be もの or こと depending on the context:\n\n * 母親が選んだのを着た。 = 母親が選んだものを着た。 \nI wore things my mother chose.\n\n * 時計を選んだのを覚えている。 = 時計を選んだことを覚えている。 \nI remember choosing a watch.\n\nの after an adjective is mainly もの, but it can be こと in some contexts:\n\n * 大きいのを着た。 = 大きいものを着た。 \nI wore the big (bigger) one.\n\n * 大きいのはいいことだ。 = 大きいことはいいことだ。 \nBeing big is good.\n\n* * *\n\nCheck how to say \"I like X\" correctly. It's 私 **は** X **が** 好きだ, not 私 **が** X\n**は** 好きだ.\n\n * 私は大きいものが嫌いだ = I hate large things (objects, animals, etc.).\n * 私は大きいことが嫌いだ = I hate someone/something being big. / I hate large events.\n * 私は大きいのが嫌いだ = (depends on the context)\n * 私は楽しいものが好きだ = I like amusing things (objects, like a game console).\n * 私は楽しいことが好きだ = I like amusing things (events, like holding a party).\n * 私は楽しいのが好きだ = I like amusing things (whatever).\n\n* * *\n\nNote that こと/もの is not always interchangeable with の (as you have already seen\nin the [～ことがある](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=koto%20ga%20aru)\nexample). If you say 大きいのはいいのだ, the second の will be taken as an explanatory-\nno. And there are times you must always use の, too. In particular, you must\nalways use の to form a [cleft\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010).",
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| 39032 | 39042 | 39042 |
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"body": "This will probably be my last question regarding my prior questions. This will\nparticularly focus on `adjective + 物/こと`. I was finally able to minimize the\nmess in my head, narrowing it down into something simple but I lacked of. I\nonly learned about relative clause by verbs which sudden appearances of\nrelative clause by adjective seems confusing.\n\nI know that 見た犬 can either mean \"the dog that saw\" or \"the dog (I/he/you) saw\"\ndepending on the context. Does that mean relative clause of adjective also\nhave 2 possible meanings?\n\nIn this example:\n\n> 私が好きな猫\n\nIt can mean \"the cat I like\" or \"the cat that likes me\". I don't know how it\ncan be like that (especially that like is an adjective), how can it be? 白い物\nmeans the thing that is white, can it have another meaning? 白いこと means being\nwhite, can it have another meaning?\n\nFor verbs the relative clause can be the subject or object (except if it is\nnon living things and if the context is clear). Please explain it to me\nregarding this as detail as possible. Thank you for helping!\n教えてください。すみません！ありがとうね。",
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"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "How do adjectives work in relative clauses?",
"view_count": 438
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{
"body": "You understand right that relative clause of adjective can also have 2\npossible meanings. For example, 「好きな人」 may not only mean \"the man/woman\" who\n(I) love\", but also \"the man/woman who likes something\" whenever it's implied\nby the context (compare 「私の好きな人」 and 「寿司が好きな人」).\n\nGrammatically you can also say 「寿司が白い人」 (a such man that sushi are white for\nhim), but this phrase lacks a common sense for me. You can try with other ～い\nadjective, though.",
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"body": "This phrase \"見た犬\" is ambiguous. 私が見た犬 means \"the dog I saw\" and 私を見た犬 means\n\"the dog that saw me\".\n\nIn the case of 好きな猫 is same. 私が好きな猫 means \"the cat I like\" and 私を好きな猫 means\n\"the cat that like me\".\n\n白い物(こと) means only \"the thing that is white\".",
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"body": "**I think the comparison of 好きな to 白い is not a fair comparison, which results\nin strange interpretations of the sentence if you enforce the situation that\nis true for one word, onto the other word.** Let me try to explain.\n\n好き is not a normal な-adjective, it does not behave in the same way as other\ntypical な-adjectives. Kuno calls it a Verbal Nominal Adjective. Verbs take を\nfor object marking while a **Verbal Nominal Adjective such as 好き takes が for\nobject marking**.1 Now let's try to label the different が.\n\nI will label them such that が1 is our usual subject marker, while が2 is the が\nthat is used when 好き is around to assign the が2 argument marker.\n\nNow let's first look at the structure. We begin with a usual verb like 読む and\nthen swap it out with 好き:\n\n> 1. 私が１ 本を読んだ = \"I read a book\"\n>\n> We can choose 本 or 私 as our noun of interest and proceed to make relative\n> clauses:\n>\n> * **[A]** Choosing 本: (私が１読んだ)P本 = \"The book that I read\" \n> Notice that the **object marker を is not present** in the relative clause\n> P.\n> * **[B]** Choosing 私: (本を読んだ)Q 私 = \"I (that read the book)\" \n> Notice that the subject marker が1 is no longer present.\n> 2. 私が１ 猫が2好きだ = \"I like cats\"\n>\n> We can choose 猫 or 私 as our noun of interest and proceed to make relative\n> clauses:\n>\n> * **[C]** Choosing 猫: (私が１好きな)R猫 = \"The cat that I like\" \n> Similarly notice that the **object marker が 2 is not present** in the\n> relative clause R.\n> * **[D]** Choosing 私: (猫が2好きな)S私 = \"I (that like cats)\" \n> Notice that the subject marker が1 is no longer present.\n>\n\nNow a slightly different case where we interchange 私 and 猫. We do the same\nthing of using a usual verb 読む and then swapping it out with 好き:\n\n> 3. 猫が１(本を読んだ) = \"The cat read a book\"\n>\n> * **[E]** (本を読んだ)X猫 = \"The cat that read a book\" \n> This is analogous to **[B]**.\n> 4. 猫が１ (私が2 好きだ) = \"The cat likes me\"\n>\n> * **[F]** (私が2 好きな)Y猫 = \"The cat that likes me\" \n> This is analogous to **[D]**\n>\n\nNow we put **[C]** and **[F]** side by side and remove all the labels. Both of\nthem are on the surface:\n\n> 5. 私が好きな猫 with two possible ways to label them:\n>\n> * **[C]** (私が１好きな)R猫 = \"The cat that I like\"\n>\n> * **[F]** (私が2 好きな)Y猫 = \"The cat that likes me\"\n>\n>\n\n* * *\n\nNext let's go back to what I was trying to explain in the first sentence in\nthis answer, why it is not fair to compare 好き to 白い:\n\n * 白い does not assign an argument for an object.\n\n * Now we shall try against all rules to form an analog of Sentence 1. or 2. above such that 物 replaces 私\n\n * 物が1+[？を]+白い\n * 物が1+[？が2]+白い\n\nWe soon realise that it cannot be done because 白い has no argument for an\nobject and the sentence 物が1白い is already complete.\n\nConsequently there is no choice as in sentences 1. or 2. for you to choose\nyour noun of interest and you are left with (in analog to the above examples):\n\n> * **[G]** Choosing 物: (白い)物 = \"Thing that is white\" = \"white thing\"\n>\n\nSo to answer your question if there are additional meanings to 白い物 since\n私が好きな猫 gave you reason to suspect that there might be other interpretations,\n**there are no other interpretations for 白い物 in the way that 私が好きな猫 has.**\n\n* * *\n\nReferences:\n\n[1] _The Structure of the Japanese Language_ , p.90-91, Susumu Kuno",
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| 39043 | 39049 | 39047 |
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"body": "> 自分の聞いてもらいたいことを聞いてもらえるメディアになる。 \n> 「メディア力を高める」とは、そういう意味だ。少し引いた目で、外から観た自分をとらえ、それを「こう見てほしい」という自分の実像に近づけていくことだ。\n\nI wonder how I should parse this sentence\n\n * （外から観た）自分をとらえる: I take what I see from the outside **or**\n * （外から観た自分）をとらえ: To grasp what another people think about me from the outside\n\nShould こう見てほしい という自分の実像に近づけていくことだ be translated as \"I want to see this...\" or\n\"I want to be seen like this (?) （こう見てほしい） which is almost similar to the real\nimage （自分の実像に近づけていくことだ）\"",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "Parsing 外から観た自分をとらえ、それを「こう見てほしい」という自分の実像に近づけていくことだ",
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{
"body": "I will divide your question into two parts.\n\n 1. 「外から観た自分をとらえ」\n\nI think meaning of this part is ''to grasp what another people think about\nme.''\n\nTo see a person from outside is inevitably by another people. So I think we do\nnot need to explicitly translate 観る as ''from the outsides.''\n\nJapanese word 観る or 見る has really broad meaning. The root meaning is ''see''\nwith your eyes visually. But often we use as ''understand'' or ''think.'' In\nthis sentence, 観る is related to a public image of the media.\n\n 2. 「それを『こう見てほしい』という自分の実像に近づけていくことだ」\n\nそれ means the public image of the media, and こと at the end is 「メディア力を高める」 in\nthe second sentence.\n\nSo, this means ''if you want to enhance メディア力, you should make your public\nimage close to what you really are.''\n\n 3. misc.\n\n〜〜力（りょく） in Japanese language has wide range of use.\n\nFor example, 体力（たいりょく） means physical strength, endurance, stamina.\n\n女子力（じょしりょく） means ability of doing housework, skill of makeup, etc.",
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"body": "外から観た自分をとらえ means \"to see oneself objectively\". It may be close to \"to take\nwhat another people see me from the outside\" in your translation.\n\nそれを「こう見てほしい」という自分の実像に近づけていく means \"You make it to be close to the real your\nimage which you want people to see you like this\". \"it\" in this sentence is\n外から観た自分. I am not sure my English though.",
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"body": "I know Japanese words are written with kanji and hiragana, and katakana is for\nforeign words and exclamations. But I want to write \"yanderenee\", which is\nyandere + renee (my name). Which alphabet should I use for this?\n\nThe purpose is to be used as my blog title, which is written in English and is\nnot likely to be read by Japanese speakers. So it probably doesn't matter how\nI write it. But I would like it to be correct, if there is a correct way to do\nsomething unconventional like that.\n\nIt could also be thought of as just yandere nee, as in, nee as an exclamation.\nIn which case it would be kanji/hiragana. But does it change anything that\nthis is supposed to be a Japanese+English word combined? Or do I have freedom\nto choose how it should be written?",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Which alphabet should I use when combining a Japanese word with an English word?",
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{
"body": "Both foreign names and\n[ヤンデレ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_anime_and_manga#Character_traits)\nhappen to be written with katakana, so you can simply use katakana for\n\"yanderenee\", too. →「ヤンデレニー」\n\nYou may be wondering why ヤンデレ is almost always written with katakana although\nit's a Japanese slang term. This is because:\n\n 1. ヤンデレ is derived from ツンデレ ([tsundere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsundere)).\n 2. ツンデレ is a [portmanteau word](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portmanteau) made of ツンツン and デレデレ.\n 3. Both ツンツン and デレデレ are Japanese mimetic words, which are often written with katakana.\n\nActually many Japanese-origin words are written with katakana for various\nreasons. And mixed-foreign-Japanese portmanteau tend to be in katakana, too.\n\nSee:\n\n * [Why is カラオケ (karaoke) written in katakana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14531/5010)\n * [Why are katakana preferred over hiragana or kanji sometimes?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1930/5010)",
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"body": "The sentence said by a boy who looks like being angry because of something.\n\nなんでもねえやこっちの **こったい**! なんにしてもおれはでねえぞっ 一歩だってこの ひみつ練習場を...\n\nI have found that several Japanese forums told that「なんてこったい」 means \"What the\nhell\" or \"Oh my god\" but I'm not sure what just the word alone really means.",
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"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「こったい」mean?",
"view_count": 472
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{
"body": "こっちのこったい is a colloquial contraction of こっちのことだい, _lit._ It is a matter of\nmy/our side, → \"It's not your concern.\" \"It's none of your business.\"\n\nCompare: \nなんてこったい！ → なんてことだい \"What the hell?\" \nいやなこったい！ → いやなことだい (≂ いやだ) \"No way!\"\n\nEnding a sentence with ～だい is Tokyo/Edo dialect (I think), e.g.\n「行くんだい！」「何言ってんだい！」\n\n* * *\n\nなんでもねえや → It's nothing. \nこっちのこったい! → Mind your own business. \nなんにしても → In any case, \nおれはでねえぞっ → I'll never get out (of this...) \n一歩だって → not even a single step \nこのひみつ(の?)練習場を... → (... get out) of this secret gym / training room...",
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"body": "こっちのこったい is casual expression of こっちのことです\n\nIn this case, こったい is same meaning as ことです\n\nこっちのこと means my own business\n\nSo こっちのこったい means it is my own business.",
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"body": "I was wondering how you would translate this into an English sentence? I know\nthat 漂う means \"to drift\" and 僕達 means \"us\", but I'm confused as to how to make\na complete English sentence out of this.\n\nHere's the full stanza (because this is from a song):\n\n * 少しだけ寂しいけど 笑って (I will feel a little lonely, but let's smile)\n * 「さよなら」の代わりに言おう (and instead of saying \"goodbye\")\n * ｢またね・また会いましょう」 (let's say \"see you / let's meet again\")\n * アオイハル 漂う 僕達 (???)\n\n<https://youtu.be/WEF3g7TPz-U?t=1m41s>\n\n(アオイハル is the title of the song, I know it means \"Green Spring\", does it\nactually add any meaning to the sentence?)\n\nThanks!",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How would you interpret and make a full sentence of 漂{ただよ}う 僕{ぼく}達{たち} in English?",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "> Those of us drifting in the green spring [ _青春{アオイハル}_ ( _seishun_ )]\n\nIf _aoiharu_ is an artistic-reference to\n[_seishun_](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%98%A5) then this\ntranslation could work? I feel the lyricist is trying to tap into the fact\nthat those in _seishun_ are young and somewhat green or lost (read: drifting)\nbut that's just a guess.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T22:36:58.823",
"id": "39087",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 39053 | 39087 | 39087 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39056",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Should I use kanji or kana for the first and second verbs in いってきます? When each\nverb is used individually there's usually kanji if I recall correctly, but I'm\nwondering if it's changed for being used in a stock phrase, and if so whether\nthe first, second or both verbs use kana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-08T13:37:55.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39055",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"set-phrases",
"kana"
],
"title": "Kanji or kana for いってきます?",
"view_count": 207
} | [
{
"body": "I would write it as 行ってきます, with きます in Hiragana, probably because the\nきます([来]{く}る) is a subsidiary verb (補助動詞) here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-08T13:53:35.490",
"id": "39056",
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| 39055 | 39056 | 39056 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39068",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I don't understand the meaning of ダッサ in the following sentence:\n\n> なんだこいつらダッサ面白れえ！\n\nThe context is a fight between two enemy factions. I think it is a contraction\nof ダサい \"uncool\" but I don't understand its meaning when used before an\nadjective, as in the sentence above.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-08T14:33:14.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"slang"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of ダッサ？",
"view_count": 4400
} | [
{
"body": "「ダッサ」 is a Yankee-style colloquialism for「ダサい」. It also can be used as an\ninterjection (same as 「くそ」、「キメェ」、「ダセぇ」, 「スケベ」、 e.t.c.).\n\nIt may be strange to see that it's combined with a such positive word like\n「面白い」, but in the fact that's a common way to emphasize on both of them in the\nsame style of speech. You could also say 「くそ面白い」, 「くそ真面目」, e.t.c.\n\nYou will find more examples like that if you read manga a lot, or if you will\ngo drink booze in all-male Japanese company.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-08T15:13:55.400",
"id": "39059",
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{
"body": "ダッサ --> ださい\n\nMeans \"uncool\", \"out of style\" See [here](http://eitopi.com/dasai-eigo) for\nmore info.\n\n* * *\n\nOn a related note, you can often find words changed to this form for emphasis:\n\n臭い｛くさい｝ -> クッサ！\n\nうざい -> ウッザ！\n\n冷たい｛つめたい｝ -> 冷たっ! <-- similar abrupt stop for emphasis",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-08T17:43:49.997",
"id": "39060",
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{
"body": "I didn't know the word, but ダサ面白い is a trendy (new-ish) word, and was used to\ndescribe PM Abe as Mario.\n\n----- as ---- が、意外に、このダサ面白さ、悪くはないかも…。\n\n> 安倍首相のマリオ姿を世界はどう報じたのか 海外メディア､ネットの反応は ... g-relations.jp/business-diary/1134/\n>\n> 2016/08/24 -\n> が、意外に、このダサ面白さ、悪くはないかも…。しばらく経つと、じわじわとそう感じ始めた。果たして、このパフォーマンスは世界が注目するイベントにおいて吉と出たのか、凶と出たのか。海外メディア、インターネットの反応を探ってみた。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T02:17:11.027",
"id": "39064",
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{
"body": "Yes ダッサ is from ダサい. Joining two arbitrary adjectives like this is\nnonstandard, but native speakers occasionally do this half-jokingly. キモかわいい is\na recently established slang word coined similarly to this. See: [A different\nway to join i-adjectives](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26019/5010)\n\nTo me ダサ面白い is a made-up word (I haven't seen this before), but it should mean\nsomething like \"funny all the more for their un-coolness\". I don't think ダサ is\nan intensifier prefix (like 超/バカ/クソ/ド).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T03:27:39.653",
"id": "39068",
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| 39057 | 39068 | 39068 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39071",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Like in the examples:\n\n「自分が不幸でも他の人が幸せならいいなんて綺麗事だよ」\n\n「人は外見より中身だ、なんて綺麗事だよ」\n\nIn the dictionary I found `lip service`, but it doesn't \"feel\" very natural to\nme, although maybe that's just my impression.\n\nWhat are some other words/expressions which I use in this situation?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-08T20:53:00.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39061",
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"owner_user_id": "528",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What's a good translation of \"きれいごと\"?",
"view_count": 899
} | [
{
"body": "> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q108124570>\n>\n> * That's so fake! (ウソっぽいという意味）\n>\n> * That's [a] very superficial statement. (現実的でないこと）\n>\n> * nice words や fine words で良いのではないでしょうか。\n>\n>\n\n<http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%e3%81%8d%e3%82%8c%e3%81%84%e4%ba%8b> --> 6件\n(other than [nice words] and [fine words ], not too helpful)\n\nThe 1st word that came to my mind was platitude(s).\n\nFrom Obama's speech (?) -- Probably no political platitude is more invoked or\nmore ignored than this: let's do it for the kids.\n\n> <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/platitude> --- Beauty, I suppose, opens the\n> heart, extends the consciousness. It is a platitude, of course.\n>\n> <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bromide> --- We hoped the speech would\n> include reassurances, but instead it was merely one bromide after another.\n\n\"feel-good bromides create the illusion of problem solving\"\n\ntruism, cliche,\n\nSherlock Holmes may have called it a \"commonplace\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-08T21:07:50.833",
"id": "39062",
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},
{
"body": "**Hollow/empty words** (n.) or **ring hollow** (v.), **sound empty/hollow**\nfits the meaning of 綺麗事, as it explicitly dismisses the subject-matter as\nunrealistic and reflects the hypocrisy connotation of 綺麗事. However, it fails\nto reflect the connotation of how the subject-matter sounds great at first\nglance.\n\nIn this case, **idealistic** (adj.) can be used instead, to reflect both the\nsuperficial positive quality and the unreality of the subject-matter.\n\n> 「自分が不幸でも他の人が幸せならいいなんて綺麗事だよ」\n>\n> It's idealistic to put the happiness of other people before your own.\n>\n> Putting the happiness of other people before your own - how idealistic that\n> is.\n\n> 「人は外見より中身だ、なんて綺麗事だよ」\n>\n> It's idealistic to expect people to value personality over looks\n>\n> Personality over looks - how idealistic that is.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T04:24:32.267",
"id": "39071",
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}
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| 39061 | 39071 | 39071 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39067",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I'm aware of some of the meanings of とする but in this sentence\n\n> 聞きおわると、彼は愕然としていた。\n\n愕然 is apperently a noun that has something to do with feelings **astonishment\n/ shock etc**\n\nand one of the definitions of とする states that it has the meaning of to feel\n(e.g. after sound symbolism or psychological experience word)/to look/to feel\nlike.\n\nI don't quite understand the definition but i've just assumed that とする is used\nto express feelings but i can't find any examples other than with 愕然. In fact\nwhen i look for sentences with 愕然 they all have とする attached and i don't\nunderstand whether it's exclusively used with this noun or are there other\nexamples.",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T00:40:55.217",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "what does noun +とする mean?",
"view_count": 3234
} | [
{
"body": "There are many [ ... 然とする ] words. They are fancy ways of expressing :\nshocked, angy, scared, ....... etc. ......\n\n奮然とする (inspired) 騒然とする (commotion)\n\n呆然とする (at a loss, aghast) 憤然とする (angry)\n\n判然とする (becomes clear) 慄然とする (scared)\n\n嬌然とする (coquettish ?)\n\n「憮然とする」 混然とする あ然とする 粛然とする 得意然とする\n\n「 Noun- 然とする」 「女王然とする」 「先生然とする」 「紳士然とする」\n\n* * *\n\nPresent tense: 愕然とする --- 愕然としている\n\nPast tense: 愕然とした\n\nBut 愕然とした sounds like it only describes the moment of shock, so 愕然としていた is\nmore often used, to show that the shock lasted some time.\n\n> <http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/24asupekuto.html>\n>\n> 「存在する」や関係・感覚を表す動詞のいくつかは「Ｖ－ている」の形にもなります。 意味の違いは ほとんど ありません。\n>\n> 存在する：存在している 違う：違っている\n>\n> 含む：含んでいる 感じる：感じている\n\nIt's interesting when a famous linguist says that there's almost no difference\nin the meanings of similar words (expressions).",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T02:32:42.770",
"id": "39065",
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{
"body": "There are many and many more samples of \"とする\" which means \"to be\" or \"to feel\nsomething\", especially (but not only) in Japanese literature:\n\n「すでにショック状態で意識も朦朧としていた」 \"I was already shocked and fainted\"\n\n「周りはしんとしていた」 \"The surroundings were silent\"\n\n「釈然としないな」 \"I'm not fully satisfied\" (with explanation)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T02:39:18.420",
"id": "39066",
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{
"body": "Here are some similar phrases in the order they came up in my mind.\n\n * 戦々恐々【せんせんきょうきょう】とする\n * 嬉々【きき】とする (eg 嬉々として話す)\n * のんびりとする (also written as のんびりする)\n * 堂々【どうどう】とする\n * 悄然【しょうぜん】とする\n * 恍惚【こうこつ】とする (eg 恍惚とした表情)\n * 憮然【ぶぜん】とする (eg 憮然とした表情)\n * 凜【りん】とする (eg 凜とした表情)\n * ゆっくりとする (also written as ゆっくりする)\n * こそこそとする (also written as こそこそする)\n * 飄々【ひょうひょう】とする (eg 飄々とした態度)\n\nPlease consult your favorite dictionary for the meanings because I really\ndon't know how to translate many of these words naturally into English :)\n\nAmong these, のんびりと, ゆっくりと and こそこそと seem to belong to a difference category\nbecause と is optional and they can work as standalone adverbs which directly\nmodify a verb without する (eg, ゆっくり(と)過ごす, のんびり(と)考える). 堂々と also works as a\nstandalone adverb for whatever reason (eg, 堂々と語る). None of the words in the\nlist works as a na-adjective.\n\nFor other (fairly difficult) kanji words, they are usually followed by\n～とする/～として/～とした, and と cannot be omitted. And yes, they are all related to\nemotions and/or facial expressions.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T02:59:58.303",
"id": "39067",
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},
{
"body": "According to the dictionary, 愕然 is always used with とする (or として):\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/11470/meaning/m0u/%E6%84%95%E7%84%B6/>\n\nSo instead of memorizing 愕然 and とする as two separate words, you should memorize\n愕然とする as one single verb.\n\nIt is more difficult trying to understand them separately.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-13T17:18:15.517",
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}
]
| 39063 | 39067 | 39067 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39082",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I know that もはや+negative verb means \"no longer\", and しか+negative verb means\n\"only\", \"nothing but\". But seeing them used together, as in the following\nsentence, got me a little confused.\n\n> 多くの帯刀者はもはや脅威でしかありません！\n\nDoes this translate as:\n\n> Many taitosha are no longer only a threat!\n\nor\n\n> Many taitosha are only a threat by now!\n\nThanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T03:49:54.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39069",
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "もはや used with しか",
"view_count": 481
} | [
{
"body": "This sentence means \"Many taitosha are nothing more than a treat\". It's\nconfusing because \"しかありません\" becomes affirmative when translated on western\nlanguages, but it's still a negative in the sense of Japanese grammar.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T04:20:47.177",
"id": "39070",
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{
"body": "X でしかない === . . . has the only value (usefulness) of X\n\n> 帯銃者は, もはや 脅威でしかありません\n\nGun-carriers are now nothing more than a threat.\n\nGun-carriers now constitute nothing more than a threat.\n\nGun-carriers now don't mean [ anything other than a threat ].\n\nA gun-carrier now represents [ nothing but a threat ].\n\nA gun-carrier now doesn't represent [ anything but a dangerous threat ].\n\n> I know that もはや+negative verb means \"no longer\",\n\nYes, that's right.\n\nもはや doesn't have the meaning of NOT built into it.\n\nもはや means that [something that was true] is not true (no longer true) after\ntime T.\n\n[something that was true] == carrying guns around (on one's person) had some\nvalue to society.\n\nBut this explanation doesn't match the following definitions completely. Or\nmaybe it does.\n\n> dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/220077/meaning/m0u/\n>\n> もはや【最早】とは。［副］\n>\n> 1. ある事態が実現しようとしているさま。早くも。まさに。「―今年も暮れようとしている」\n>\n> 2. ある事態が変えられない ところ まで進んでいるさま。今となっては。もう。「―如何ともしがたい」「―これまで」\n>\n>\n\n* * *\n\ni wanted to add that ... (for the 2nd sense just above) it seems that もはや is\nused only when there is a negation (in the text) or there is a negative sense\n(to describe the current state).\n\nもはや自由な時代になったんだよ is uncommon or impossible.\n\n今や自由な時代になったんだよ is much better.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T19:55:54.307",
"id": "39082",
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},
{
"body": "多くの帯刀者はもはや脅威でしかありません！ \nWith so many swordsmen out there now, it is impossible not to consider them a\nthreat!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-10-13T17:07:31.433",
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}
]
| 39069 | 39082 | 39070 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English you can say things like\n\n> Now that an X is here we can discuss Y\n\nwith the implication being that X is a criterion that must be in place to\ncontinue. A similar structure can be used to start off new ideas: \"Now that\nI'm going to the store\" after which you list all the stuff your going to buy\netc.\n\nHow would sentences like these translate into Japanese? I was thinking\nsomething like\n\n> 店に行くことになるなら...\n\nbut something tells me that sounds wrong.",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-09T04:46:17.703",
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"id": "39073",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "\"Now that [a certain criterion] is in place\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 477
} | [
{
"body": "＞ \"Now that X is here we can discuss Y\"\n\n * X君も来たことだし、Yの話をしましょうか。\n\n * X君も揃ったことだし、Yの話ができますね。\n\n * じゃあ、X君も来たんで、Yを議論しましょう。\n\n * では、 Xさんも お見えになりましたので、 議題Y に移っても よろしいでしょうか？\n\n> \"Now that I'm going to the store\" -- after which you list all the stuff your\n> going to buy, etc.\n\nHere's something you might say, while driving to go to Store A :\n\nA店に行くんだから、 ｘ、ｙ、ｚ を買っとくか。\n\nA店に行くんだし、・・・\n\nA店に行くと言えば、・・・\n\nA店と言えば、・・・\n\nA店に行くからには、・・・\n\nA店に行くとなったら、・・・\n\nA店に行くついでに、・・・\n\nA店に行くと決まったからには、・・・\n\nA店に行くのは珍しいから、・・・\n\nA店に行くのは珍しいし、・・・\n\nA店に行くことは滅多に無いし、・・・\n\n \n\nMost common (or my favorites) are :\n\n * A店に行くんだから、ｘ、ｙ、ｚ を買っとくか。 \n \n\n * A店に行くんだし、・・・ \n \n\n * A店に行くついでに、・・・\n\n> <http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%22now+that%22>\n>\n> 18件\n>\n> now that it's come to this ----- 〔事態｛じたい｝などが〕こうなったら、かくなる上は\n>\n> now that things have come to this pass ----- かくなる上は、こうなった以上は、今となっては\n>\n> now that I've taken the trouble to ----- せっかく ～ したのに\n\nI think this last example is wrong. It should be せっかく ～ したんだし、 . . . etc.\n\n* * *\n\n> detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp › 地域、旅行、お出かけ › 国内 › 観光地、行楽地\n>\n> 大学生で箱根に行こうとなったら、日帰りでも温泉やユネッサンに行くものですか？\n\nThis is like A店に行くとなったら、・・・\n\n行こう because it's a [Let's go] form, and possibly because it's a hypothetical",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T05:38:11.893",
"id": "39074",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 39073 | null | 39074 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39117",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference in meaning between 前にある vs 手前にある?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T08:45:27.567",
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"owner_user_id": "17423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 前にある vs 手前にある?",
"view_count": 764
} | [
{
"body": "* 前 means \"front/forward\" and its antonym is 後ろ (=\"back/rear\").\n * 手前 means \"relatively nearer position\" from the observer (often the speaker), and its antonym is 奥 (=\"further position\", \"deep part\", \"interior\").\n\nその店は城の前にある means \"The shop is in front of the castle\". その店は城の手前にある means \"The\nshop is on the way to the castle\" or \"The shop is somewhere between us and the\ncastle\", and depending on where you say this, it can even refer to a shop at\nthe back of the castle.\n\nWhen you are talking about a car standing near its back, 前にあるガラス refers to the\nwindshield, and 手前にあるガラス refers to the rear window.\n\nレバーを前に動かせ means \"Move the lever forward\" (i.e., push), while レバーを手前に動かせ means\n\"Move the lever toward you\" (i.e., pull).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-11T03:28:24.803",
"id": "39117",
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| 39075 | 39117 | 39117 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Hi this is my first question here, and I checked the database for questions\nlike mine, but nothing came up.\n\nWould it be grammatically correct to say\n\n> もちろん、難しいことも、諦めたい時もあります。\n\nMy intention is to say\n\n> Of course, difficult things and times when I wanted to give up existed too.\n\nThis is because I was taught that you could only put similar items in a\ncategory if you were to use Aも、Bもあります such as ～ことも、～こともあります but I was\nwondering if I could mix up things of different ”categories”.\n\nI was also contemplating\n\n> もちろん、難しいことも、諦めようと思ってこともあります。\n\nSorry if any are hideously and grammatically wrong. I am a beginner in the\nJapanese language.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T10:01:13.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39076",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-09T12:15:03.110",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-09T11:09:42.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "17813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Is it grammatically correct to say 難しいことも、諦めたい時もあります?",
"view_count": 513
} | [
{
"body": "The first phrase is correct.\n\nThe latter one is most likely no something that you would like to say because\nit doesn't establishes any connection between 「思って」 and 「こと」. You could say\n「もちろん、難しいことも、諦めようと思って **いる時** もあります。」, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T10:17:09.460",
"id": "39078",
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{
"body": "The first phrase is grammatically correct. However, as you say the\nconstruction ～も～も sounds more natural if used with two things that are\ncomparable, even if they don't have exactly the same form. For example, you\ncould say\n\n> 難しく感じること(orとき)も、｛諦めたい気持ちに/諦めたく｝なること(orとき)もあります。 \n> Of course, there are times when I feel that it's (too) difficult or that I\n> want to give up.\n\nwhere you juxtapose two feelings. (Your original sentences places \"things\"\nnext to \"times\".)\n\n* * *\n\nThe second phrase is incorrect for purely grammatical reasons. You can't\nmodify こと with 思って. The verb has to be in the 連体形 _rentaikei_ form (identical\nto the dictionary form); here either 思う or 思っている.\n\n> もちろん、困難なときも、諦めようと思うこともあります。\n\nThe above comments about style also apply here. You could also say\n\n> もちろん、「難しい」とか「諦めたい」などと思うこともあります。 \n> Of course, there are times when I just think \"this is too difficult\" or \"I\n> want to give up\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T11:06:14.417",
"id": "39079",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39076 | null | 39079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a 1st year senior highschool student in Japan and have lived here for\nabout two years.\n\nSometimes when I'm with my friends they don't talk or look at me as if I don't\nexist and I ask myself if I did something wrong. I've always been nice to them\neven up to this day. So that's why I asked one of my friends if I did\nsomething wrong to him/them in the past (and if I did I would be willing to\nsay sorry).\n\nHe asked my why I was asking this kind of question and said that I'm just\nmisunderstanding. So I want to say to him \"Something doesn't really feel right\nat all\". What would be the best way to express this in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T10:06:32.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39077",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-13T00:23:40.580",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-09T12:22:18.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "17814",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to express that \"something is not right\" with a friendship",
"view_count": 1029
} | [
{
"body": "Here are some options:\n\n> 変な雰囲気を感じる。(I feel a strange atmosphere) \n> 空気が読みにくい。(The atmosphere is hard to read) \n> 何かおかしい。(Something is wrong)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-13T00:21:49.407",
"id": "39158",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 39077 | null | 39158 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I used to know the meaning of this word in the context of what I was reading,\nbut I've since forgotten. I remember that it had something to do with the\n60-year sexaganary cycle, but I can't recall much more than that.\n\nThe word is a part of this phrase:空亡風のマーク, and is describing the hand-shaped\nmarking on the mast of the ship.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GpNqI.jpg)\n\nAny and all help in understanding this will be greatly appreciated.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T17:54:36.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39081",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-12T05:53:02.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12154",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 空亡風 mean?",
"view_count": 312
} | [
{
"body": "**In the context of what you are reading** , 空亡 is simply another name of\n常闇ノ皇, the [final boss of _Ōkami_](http://okami.wikia.com/wiki/Yami). The boss\nis also known as _Yami_ (=\"darkness\") in the English version, and is\nsymbolized by its hand. Therefore 空亡風のマーク means \"the Yami-like mark/symbol\".\n(～風 = \"-like\", \"-style\", \"-esque\", etc)\n\n> [常闇ノ皇\n> （とこやみのすめらぎ）](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E5%B8%B8%E9%97%87%E3%83%8E%E7%9A%87) \n> 災厄の元凶であり、箱舟ヤマトに潜む暗黒の君主。 **別名「空亡（くうぼう）」とも呼ばれる** 。\n> どうやらウシワカがタカマガハラにヤマトをもたらした時から舟の奥底に潜んでいたようである。\n>\n> [常闇ノ皇](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E5%B8%B8%E9%97%87%E3%83%8E%E7%9A%87) \n> **常闇ノ皇はデザインされた当初「空亡」という名前であった** ことが「大神絵草子 絆 -大神設定画集-」の中で明らかにされている。 それに続く形で\n> 「真珠庵の妖怪絵巻で最後に登場して、全ての妖怪を踏み潰すという、まさに最強の妖怪。\n\nThe both links above explain why 常闇ノ皇 was initially named 空亡, which was\noriginally [a jargon word of fortune-\ntelling](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%AD%E6%AE%BA). Actually\nsome sources explain that 空亡 is a _yokai_ created in the 21st century. See\n[this\nentry](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%A1\\(%E3%81%9D%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8D\\))\nand [this blog article](http://tateito1.blog48.fc2.com/blog-entry-1775.html)\nfor details.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T02:34:49.700",
"id": "39092",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 2
}
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| 39081 | null | 39092 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39091",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "From what I see, it said \"It's a match.\" Other place have said \"what a\nbattle\", \"it's a win,\" but there no consistency. Does anyone know?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T21:25:22.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39083",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T01:33:52.633",
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"owner_user_id": "16147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What does「勝負ありだ」mean?",
"view_count": 747
} | [
{
"body": "> www.weblio.jp -- 勝負ありとは? 日本語表現辞典。 読み方： しょうぶあり --\n> 勝負事について勝負が付いた、勝敗が決した、といった意味の表現。勝敗が決したことを宣言する台詞であることが多い。\n\nIt's similar to 「勝負あった」 in Sumo. -- means [ (the) match is over ]\n\n> shinpankitei.pdf（388KB） - 日本相撲連盟\n>\n> www.nihonsumo-renmei.jp/about/pdf/shinpankitei.pdf\n>\n> . . . 示し、「勝負あった」 と発声するものとする。 第5条 一度「勝名乗り」を上げて判定を下した後は、異議又は疑義の申立てをすることが\n> できない。ただし、審判員の協議結果と異なる選手に「勝名乗り」を上げた場合 その他明らかに主審の勘違い又は間違いと認め ...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T21:56:19.873",
"id": "39084",
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{
"body": "According to this\n[link](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8B%9D%E8%B2%A0%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A), it\nis something said when the winners/losers have been decided in a match. That\nmight be why the translator has taken liberties to use different translations.\nThe \"what a battle\" doesn't sound right to me, but that's just my opinion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T22:30:16.637",
"id": "39086",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-09T22:30:16.637",
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{
"body": "The character, 勝負, comes from `勝つ (win)` and `負ける (lose)` so it means `victory\nor defeat`.\n\nSo `勝負あり` describes the situation where we know who the winner is. The winner\nmight say this when s/he feels confident that s/he is going to win.\n\n`It's a win` and `It's a match` make sense but `What a battle` doesn't really\nmake sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T01:33:52.633",
"id": "39091",
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"owner_user_id": "17476",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39083 | 39091 | 39091 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 野菜を食べることが大切、と言われる理由は大きく三つあります。\n>\n>\n> 一番目は野菜に含まれる成分のうち、体内に吸収されて重要な役割を演じる物質が摂取できるからです。ビタミン類やミネラル類はもちろん,最近はこれら以外のわずかに含まれる成分にも注意が集まっています。\n\n 1. 一番目は野菜に含まれる成分のうち\n\nFirst component that was contained in vegetables\n\n 2. 体内に吸収されて重要な役割を演じる物質が\n\nSo I cut this part 体内に吸収されて / 重要な役割を演じる物質 -> is it true(?)\n\nAnd this mainly talk about 物質 as subject.\n\nThe substance that was absorbed into the body which plays an important role\n摂取できるからです-> I'm a bit confused because 摂取 and 吸収 have pretty same meaning ->\nbut I think refers to 野菜含まれる成分(？) and there is \"から\" at the end, so it means a\ncomponent (成分) that intake.\n\n 3. The component that intake The substance that was absorbed into the body which plays an important role(?)\n\n 4. It refers to vitamin and mineral\n\nI don't know if this true or not, and I'm pretty confuses about who is the\nsubject in this sentence.\n\nIf it's wrong please help me revise it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-09T22:18:19.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39085",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "How to understand japanese sentence step by step",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "1. 一番目 refers to one of the three reasons why they say it's important to eat vegetables. \n一番目は～～～からです。 means \"The first reason is that ～～.\"\n\n「[野菜に含まれる成分のうち(の)]、[体内に吸収されて重要な役割を演じる]物質」 \n(体内に吸収されて重要な役割を演じる is a relative clause that modifies 物質.) \n\"substances [in/among the elements contained in vegetables][which are absorbed\ninto body and play important roles]\"\n\n 2. 「[体内に吸収されて重要な役割を演じる]物質」 \n\"substances [which are absorbed into body and play important roles]\"\n\n 3. 「一番目は・・・[(体内に吸収されて重要な役割を演じる)物質が摂取できる]からです。」 \n\"The first reason is that [you can take in the substances (which will be\nabsorbed into body and play important roles)].\"\n\n 4. Yes, 体内に吸収されて重要な役割を演じる物質 refers to vitamins and minerals, and also other micronutrients (= これら以外のわずかに含まれる成分).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T00:06:53.087",
"id": "39089",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-11T02:19:03.960",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-11T02:19:03.960",
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{
"body": "> 野菜を食べることが大切、と言われる理由は大きく三つあります。\n>\n> there are three main reasons why it is said that eating vegetables is\n> important\n\nSo we can break the next sentence like this:\n\n> 一番目は`???`です。\n>\n> The first reason is `???`.\n>\n> 一番目は`???`が摂取できるからです。\n>\n> The first reason is because we can intake `???`.\n>\n> 一番目は`重要な役割を演じる物質`が摂取できるからです。\n>\n> The first reasons is because we can intake `the substance that plays an\n> important role`\n\nThe above is the main sentence. The rest adds a little more details to the\nmain sentence.\n\n> `体内に吸収されて`重要な役割を演じる物質 \n> the substance that `is absorbed into body and` plays an important role\n>\n> `野菜に含まれる成分のうち`体内に吸収されて重要な役割を演じる物質\n>\n> `among the elements contained in vegetables`, the substance that is absorbed\n> into body and plays an important role\n\nThe next sentence is an independent sentence. The `物質` in the first sentence\ndoesn't necessarily refer to `ビタミン類やミネラル類`in the second sentence:\n\n> Not only Vitamins and Minerals(not only these well known elements), other\n> elements (in vegetables) are recently getting attentions as well.\n>\n> ビタミン類やミネラル類はもちろん,最近はこれら以外のわずかに含まれる成分にも注意が集まっています。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T00:35:41.860",
"id": "39090",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T00:35:41.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17476",
"parent_id": "39085",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39085 | null | 39089 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39097",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm learning Japanese but I find it extremely difficult to write out \nexams in kanji. The hiragana version is much easier but I'm not sure if it's\nokay to do that.\n\nFor example, I would like to write\n\n> 今日は **試験** だ。\n\nas\n\n> 今日は **しけん** だ。\n\nIs that okay?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T03:40:41.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39094",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T05:23:04.523",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-10T05:19:59.477",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"katakana",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Is it okay to switch from kanji to hiragana in a sentence?",
"view_count": 482
} | [
{
"body": "I think how to write Japanese sentences basically go as follow.\n\nYou had better write kanji designated for everyday use. If not. the sentences\nare possibly seemed that they are written by children or the person who\ndoesn't know kanji. However words are sometimes purposely written in Hiragana\nto show a softness. This is a related link. [Why is the place's official name\nwritten as \"なら工藝館\" (rather than\n\"奈良工藝館\")?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/35785/why-is-the-\nplaces-official-name-written-\nas-%e3%81%aa%e3%82%89%e5%b7%a5%e8%97%9d%e9%a4%a8-rather-\nthan-%e5%a5%88%e8%89%af%e5%b7%a5%e8%97%9d%e9%a4%a8/35792#35792)\n\nKatakana is usually used in imported and onomatopoeic words.\n\nThese aren't exact rules but you had better follow them unless you are\nadvanced-level Japanese learner.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T05:07:25.863",
"id": "39097",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T05:23:04.523",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "39094",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39094 | 39097 | 39097 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39966",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "So どれ means \"which\". When you add か,も,でも the \"which\" becomes \"some,any,every\"\ndefinitions which for \"which\" I don't quite understand.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T04:59:15.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39096",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T16:34:37.573",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-11T12:39:18.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "15891",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of doreka, doremo, and doredemo which is taken from dore?",
"view_count": 4563
} | [
{
"body": "* どれ which \n * どれか which? \n * どれも neither, unless used as どれもいい then it becomes \"which ever\" or if used with a verb どれも出来る = either or all (depending on how many things) \n * どれでも which ever, or all and どれでもいい expresses indifference",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-12T01:04:33.007",
"id": "39141",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-12T04:06:21.873",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-12T04:06:21.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17841",
"parent_id": "39096",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Imagine you have options among several things, including selecting all or not\nat all. That's the meaning (or... sense?) of dore in this case, in my\nunderstanding. Adding the か or も or でも adds meaning to the option(s), which\nbecomes any,some, or every.\n\n(Note, may be incorrect in perspective of syntax. Based on my recognition)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T07:55:28.823",
"id": "39860",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T07:55:28.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10859",
"parent_id": "39096",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "どれか is similar to 何か (something) or 誰か (somebody). \nどれか means one among several options. \nExample: \nこの中のどれか、頂戴できましょうか. \nCan you give me one of these?\n\nどれも is similar to いつも (always) or どこも (everywhere). \nどれも means all options. \nExample: \nどれも見事だ。They are all beautiful.\n\nどれでも is similar to 誰でも (anyone) or 何でも (anything) \nどれでも means any one among several options. \nExample: \nその中でどれでも好きなのを買いなさい。Buy whichever you like.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-13T16:34:37.573",
"id": "39966",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-13T16:34:37.573",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18157",
"parent_id": "39096",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39096 | 39966 | 39966 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm trying to understand how to use \"jan\". **\"jan\" is a short version of \"ja\nnai\", correct?** And it also seems to be almost the same as \"ne?\" and \"desu\nne?\". Is this correct as well? Can I use them interchangably always?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T05:32:41.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39098",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T12:31:22.743",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-10T12:31:22.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "17450",
"owner_user_id": "17450",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"politeness",
"colloquial-language",
"sentence-final-particles",
"tag-question"
],
"title": "\"jan\", \"janai\", \"ne\", \"desu ne\" -- the same more or less?",
"view_count": 508
} | []
| 39098 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39116",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 確かに妻が「ついていてほしい」と言った看護婦さんは、仕事の仕方が他の人とは[一味]{ひとあじ}違っていることに気がついた。\n\nI'm a bit confused about は and が in this sentence and I can't guess which one\nis the subject or object.\n\n 1. I tried parsing the sentence like this: \n妻が/////「ついていてほしい」と言った看護婦さんは\n\n妻 が is the subject\n\n「ついていてほしい」と言った看護婦さんは -> it's like the person who said 「ついていてほしい」 is 看護婦(？)(？)\n\nOr:\n\n 2. 妻が「ついていてほしい」と言った/////看護婦さんは \n妻が「ついていてほしい」と言った adverbially modifies 看護婦\n\nA nurse that my wife wants to take care of her.\n\nWhich one is correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T10:35:21.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39101",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-26T18:42:29.903",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-26T18:42:29.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "15896",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Subject and object in a sentence with は and が: 確かに妻が「ついていてほしい」と言った看護婦さんは",
"view_count": 241
} | [
{
"body": "> 確かに`???`に気がついた。 \n> Admittedly, I noticed `???`.\n\nSomeone may say this 確かに modifies 違っている, but I think it's easier to think this\n確かに as a [sentence\nadverb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunct_\\(linguistics\\)#Examples). The\nmain topic of the whole sentence is 私 (i.e., 妻's husband), which is omitted.\n`???` is a fairly long noun sentence, where 看護師 is the topic.\n\n> 確かに[看護師さん **は** 仕事の仕方 **が** 違っていること]に気がついた。 \n> Admittedly, I noticed [that the nurse was different in her way of working].\n\n\"AはBが違う\" literally means \"As for A, B is different\" or more naturally, \"A is\ndifferent in B\".\n\n> 確かに[看護師さんは仕事の仕方が **他の人とは一味** 違っていること]に気がついた。 \n> Admittedly, I noticed [that the nurse was _somewhat_ different _from\n> others_ in her way of working].\n\nは in 他の人とは is contrastive (and thus optional). 一味 is a nuanced word meaning\n\"small but significant\", \"somehow\", etc.\n\n> 確かに妻が「ついていてほしい」と言った看護婦さんは、仕事の仕方が他の人とは一味違っていることに気がついた。 \n> Admittedly, I noticed that the nurse **whom my wife wanted to look after\n> [me/you/our son/etc]** was somewhat different from others in her way of\n> working.\n\n`妻が「ついていてほしい」と言った` _adjectivally_ (not _adverbially_ ) modifies 看護師 as a\nrelative clause. (lit. \"the nurse about which my wife said 'I want her to be\nwith [you/me/our son/etc]' \")\n\nSo-called thematic は can appear in a noun clause like this (e.g, 彼 **は**\n学生だと思う = I think he is a student), but not in a relative clause which modifies\nanother noun (e.g. [×]彼 **は** 食べたケーキ [○]彼 **が** 食べたケーキ). That's why が is used\nafter 妻 and は is used after 看護師.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-11T01:38:51.547",
"id": "39116",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-11T02:28:28.327",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-11T02:28:28.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39101",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39101 | 39116 | 39116 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39104",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "I looked up some recipes in Japanese and I couldn't help but notice the phrase\n「歴史を刻め」 virtually everywhere. I might be stupid but I can't seem to understand\nwhat \"mincing history\" means.\n\nWhat gives?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T10:56:55.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39102",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-04T20:12:56.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11176",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases",
"food"
],
"title": "What does 「歴史を刻め」 even mean?",
"view_count": 411
} | [
{
"body": "歴史を刻む seems to mean \"leave your/a mark\" in history. (or I am misunderstanding\nthe phrase -- the translations I'm seeing online are off in terms of English).\n\nDoing a bit of googling, 歴史を刻め seems to primarily be the name of a Ramen shop\nin Osaka. Presumably it means something like \"make a mark in history!\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T11:21:40.480",
"id": "39104",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T11:21:40.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "39102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "According to Jparser\n\nTo let (feel) time pass",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T11:24:16.330",
"id": "39105",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T11:24:16.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16352",
"parent_id": "39102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -2
},
{
"body": "It is probably closest to [\"make\nhistory\"](http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/make+history) idiom in English.\nWith 刻め being an imperative form with \"make history!\", \"let's make history\"\nnuance.\n\n[刻む{きざむ}](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/51594/meaning/m0u/) means also \"to\nengrave\". You can engrave a death poem in a stone 辞世を墓石に刻む, you can also\nengrave some historical facts (which you'll find all over Japan). What is\nengraved lasts and will be remembered for a long time.\n\nLinguistically it's not so much \"make an imprint on history\", as the history\nis the object (を) here, but the meaning is close enough.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T12:03:10.843",
"id": "39106",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T12:03:10.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"parent_id": "39102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "“歴史を刻め ” is an imperative form of “歴史を刻む,” meaning “mark (establish) sth (your\nachievement, work, name) on (a page of) the history.” But it sounds somewhat\nawkward, because you can engrave (mark) your name on history, but you can’t\nengrave (mark) history itself.\n\nI recommend you to say ”(…を)歴史に刻む(め)” instead of ”歴史を刻む（め）” as Takahiro Waki\nreservedly commented it’s more popular.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-15T22:00:47.463",
"id": "39210",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-17T11:01:33.673",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-17T11:01:33.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "39102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I couldn't let this pass because it's cooking-related... My favorite goto,\nWeblio, has this entered as 歴史を刻む \"to let (feel) time pass\". In other words,\n\"to let sit\". Or in the imperative \"let sit\".\n<http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E3%82%92%E5%88%BB%E3%82%80>\n...just as jparser answered at the very beginning. Show him/her some love.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-04T20:07:44.360",
"id": "44072",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-04T20:12:56.193",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-04T20:12:56.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "20056",
"owner_user_id": "20056",
"parent_id": "39102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39102 | 39104 | 39104 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39110",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The dictionary is no help. A web search links it to a home steam cleaning\nproduct on [kaercher.com](https://www.kaercher.com/jp/), but I'm not sure how.\nIs it a product type, or the activity of steam cleaning, or...?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T14:23:56.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39107",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-11T02:17:30.880",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-10T15:22:50.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "7378",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"names"
],
"title": "What does ケルヒャー mean?",
"view_count": 291
} | [
{
"body": "It is the name of a German company which produces and sells cleaning devices.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T14:47:18.133",
"id": "39108",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-11T02:17:30.880",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-11T02:17:30.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "39107",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Seems to be the name of the company rather than a word itself.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T14:47:45.597",
"id": "39109",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T14:47:45.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17827",
"parent_id": "39107",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "ケルヒャー is a transliteration of the company name\n[_Kärcher_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4rcher). At least in Germany,\nthe brand name is almost synonymous with their high-pressure cleaners. (Like\nSellotape or Xerox or Velcro.)\n\nThe resulting word is actually pretty close to the original word (a German\nsurname)\n\n> Kärcher [[kɛʁçɐ]] \n> ケルヒャー [[keɺɯçaː]]\n\n(closer than what would be possible in English, at least).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T15:20:03.873",
"id": "39110",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T16:18:24.267",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-10T16:18:24.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "39107",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39107 | 39110 | 39110 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39115",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to know if my understanding of the term やっちまった is correct. Could you\nplease help me out?\n\nThe word used is やっちまった, this is the past form of やっちまう which means \"to do\nsomething one regrets\". It is a colloquialism built from やって, the -te form of\nやる (to do), and しまう (to finish).\n\nHowever, colloquially, やる can mean \"to harm; to injure; to kill\" and しまう,\nafter the -te form of a verb, means \"to finish ...; to do ... completely\",\nindicating completion (and sometimes reluctance, regret, etc.).\n\nSo やっちまった can mean \"to completely kill\" or something alike.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T16:15:53.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39111",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-11T00:49:02.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17828",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is my understanding of やっちまった correct?",
"view_count": 2357
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, やっちまった is a colloquial contraction of やってしまった, and sounds a bit rough and\nmasculine to me. See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010)\nfor the rule.\n\nしまう is a subsidiary verb that has several meanings, but when やっちまった is said\nafter someone did something, it expresses the speaker's _regrettable feeling_\nrather than the completeness of the action. See [this\narticle](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended). \"またやっちまった\"\nalmost always means \"(Oops) I did it again (although I was not supposed to do\nso / although it was not my intention / regrettably)\" rather than \"I did it\ncompletely again (intentionally)\".\n\nやる can be used to euphemistically mean \"to kill\" in certain rare contexts, but\nit's usually written in kanji (i.e. 殺る) in manga/novels to show it's different\nfrom the normal やる. You don't have to necessarily translate やる in \"やっちまった\" as\n\"to kill\" even in a murder context. Isn't \"Oh no, I did it\" enough?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-11T00:49:02.930",
"id": "39115",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-11T00:49:02.930",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "39111",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39111 | 39115 | 39115 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39114",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So I was looking at a modular kit that was made in Japan, and inside of the\nbox were some ink labels (I think CMYK). Here is a picture: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZwJaU.jpg)\n\nI recognized three of the four kanji. The first being 墨 (black ink), third as\n赤 (red), and the fourth as 黄 (yellow), but I cannot seem to recognize the\nsecond label. I have looked by radical and in the WWWJDIC dictonary by Jim\nBreen and could not find it. Could someone tell me what this is? I used the\nsearch terms \"blue\", \"azure\", and \"cyan\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T21:50:13.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39113",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-11T04:02:40.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17831",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji",
"colors"
],
"title": "Ink label kanji?",
"view_count": 361
} | [
{
"body": "It's 藍 -- the character for indigo.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-10T21:52:54.473",
"id": "39114",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-10T21:52:54.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "39113",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "I don't think this is actually Japanese. The normal terms for CYMK ink colours\nare シアン : イエロー : マゼンタ : クロ, whereas these appear to be the Chinese words for\n\"Black, Blue, Red, Yellow\". (I don't know much Chinese, but the first entry\nfor 青い in a J-C dictionary is 藍.) If you look at the Chinese Wikipedia article\n<https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E8%89%B2%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F>\nyou will see that these do not match the standard Chinese terminology either.\nSomething makes me think that these were generated in a country which does not\nspeak either Japanese or Chinese, by asking someone who did not know anything\nabout printing.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-11T04:02:40.217",
"id": "39120",
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"parent_id": "39113",
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"score": 3
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]
| 39113 | 39114 | 39114 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39128",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "After a casual conversation with strangers, is it ok to use またね, even though I\ndon't literally expect to see them again? バイバイ and さよなら feel too Englishy to\nme, and I assume \"see you\" is still English, not Japanese. However, I am happy\nto repeat バイバイ and \"see you\" if said by the other, usually Japanese, person.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-11T03:43:26.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39118",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"greetings"
],
"title": "Is またね OK even if I don't literally expect to see them again?",
"view_count": 337
} | [
{
"body": "It is odd that you say またね to strangers whom you don't expect to see again.\n\nI think それでは、じゃ、では、失礼します are appropriate in the situation.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-11T09:18:12.010",
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| 39118 | 39128 | 39128 |
{
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"answer_count": 3,
"body": "When is 日本語、お上手です (your Japanese is good), or possibly 上手い instead of 上手,\nused? Is it based solely on the person's level of proficiency, or their\nproficiency compared to what was anticipated, or visibly making an effort?\n\nPlease don't be too ranty in your answers.",
"comment_count": 14,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-11T03:58:10.430",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "When is 日本語、お上手です used?",
"view_count": 2765
} | [
{
"body": "I wouldn't imagine it really has any connotations that are different than if\nyou told someone, \"Hey, your English is pretty good.\" I think generally we\nexpect others that speak our native language as a second language to have some\nissues, so we might be prone to say that even if they have some issues with\ngrammar or pronunciation that a native speaker would be looked down on for.\nHere are two example situations where I would imagine this phrase could be\nused:\n\nA Japanese native talking to a foreigner they just met might say this if the\nforeigner shows competency in Japanese, whereas the native may have been\n(reasonably) expecting their Japanese to be somewhat broken or possibly\nnonexistent, especially if they're just a tourist or something.\n\nMaybe you used some phrase or word that shows you have a deep understanding of\nthe language, and the person saying this was legitimately impressed at your\nskill.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-11T08:48:06.663",
"id": "39127",
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{
"body": "> <https://www.italki.com/#/question/85474> -- ................\n> 正直に言えば、日本人は外国人に「日本語がお上手ですね」と言ってどういう意味でしょうか？\n>\n>\n> 相手は本当に上手でも、ちょっとだけ話せても言われるから、真正の意味はあまり分からないかもしれません。僕は初めて日本人に会う時、いつもそれを言われていますが、実は\n> なんか ちょっと馬鹿にされていると感じるようになります。 ............\n```\n\n ( I love this last ようになります。-- the responses are good too. )\n \n```\n\ni think often it's another way of saying -- [ I'm very happy (or glad or\npleased) that a you (a non-Jp person) are studying Japanese. ]\n\nOften a genuine 「日本語 お上手ですね」 is prompted by, e.g. :\n\n--- Using both 手前 and 前 while differentiating them correctly\n\n--- Using a difficult word or construction correctly, or exactly at the appropriate context.\n\n--- Using a word or construction that this native Jp person feels is uniquely Japanese -- and i don't mean Wabi, Sabi, Mono no Aware, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-11T18:33:18.817",
"id": "39133",
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"body": "上手 is used for anything that is done well. Example, someone sings well, dances\nwell, speaks Japanese well, does origami well, for all of these you can say\n上手！ to express how you feel. \nOn a note, you mentioned 上手い, I have found it is used more about good food.\nYour Japanese can be 上手(jyouzu) or 上手い(umai) but good food is 上手い or 美味い and\ncan't be 上手 (if you say 上手 you would then be talking about how it is\nprepared).",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T00:49:28.853",
"id": "39140",
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| 39119 | null | 39127 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39126",
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"body": "What is the meaning of 「納得」 and 「一良好な」 in the following sentence?\n\n> 仁の家族。仁の人柄がここで育ったのも納得のサムドラ内一良好な家族関係・人柄の一族。旧家で名家。\n\nI think that 「一」 in this case is similar to 「一番」, so I would translate 「一良好な」\nas \"the best\", \"the favourite\". As for 「納得」, I know it translates as\n\"consent\", \"agreement\", \"compliance\", but I don't understand its meaning here.\nThe context is a character's family profile in a manga called \"Samurai Drive\"\n(「サムライドライブ」, abbreviated to 「サムドラ」here). Here's my attempt:\n\n> Jin's family. It's the family in which Jin developed his personality, and\n> also the family with the best relationships and personalities within those\n> agreed(?) in Samurai Drive.\n\nThanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-11T05:17:55.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39121",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-11T09:29:04.860",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "納得 and 一良好な usage in this sentence",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "`～ + も/は + 納得だ/納得がいく/納得できる` means \"(therefore) ～ seems\nreasonable/legitimate/understandable\", \"so, that explains why ～\", etc. `～` is\na consequence part, which is often undesirable and/or unlikely.\n\n> * 高級な素材を使っているので、値段が高いのは納得がいきます。\n> * このレストランの料理はとてもおいしい。なかなか予約が取れないのも納得だ。\n> * ここの家族の人柄は素晴らしいので、仁の人柄がここで育ったのも納得だ。\n>\n\n`納得の/納得がいく/納得できる + (noun)` is \"(noun) that convinces someone of ～\",\n\"reasonable (noun)\", \"satisfactory (noun)\":\n\n> * 納得の値段 reasonable price\n> * 納得のいく説明 = 納得がいく説明 satisfactory explanation\n>\n\nPut together:\n\n> * なかなか予約が取れないのも納得のレストラン \n> the restaurant that it is rightly/understandably hard to make a reservation\n> at\n> * 仁の人柄がここで育ったのも納得の素晴らしい一族 \n> the wonderful tribe that convinces me of the fact that Jin's personality\n> was developed here\n>\n\n* * *\n\n`(place) + 一【いち】` means \"best in (place)\", \"number one in (place)\". Parse the\nsentence as `サムドラ内一 + 良好`, not `サムドラ内 + 一良好`.\n\n> * 日本一【にほんいち】高い山 the highest mountain in Japan\n> * フランス一の葡萄畑 the greatest vineyard in France\n> * サムドラ(内)一良好な家族関係 the best family relationship in Samurai Drive\n>\n\n内 before 一 is not common.",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-11T08:28:59.723",
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| 39121 | 39126 | 39126 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm looking for something to say when people try to give money for a bill or\ntry to help in some certain situations, etc.\n\nIn English we might say something like\n\n> get out of here\n\nIn Chinese I like to say\n\n> 走开、滚蛋、爬开\n\nUnfortunately it doesn't seem like 滚 translates directly into Japanese.\n\nI learned あっち行け but I was wondering if there were any helpful synonyms, rude\nor not.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-11T07:39:10.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39123",
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"owner_user_id": "5518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"synonyms"
],
"title": "Synonyms for あっち行け",
"view_count": 242
} | [
{
"body": "> detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1497136154 -- 2012年 ...\n> （より罵倒していますか） ”走开”は普通に「どく」という意味もあります。 ... どけ」という意味に用いる場合は ”你给我走开!”\n> ”走开!”と語調を強めます。 それに対して”滚开”は それだけで「どけ！」という意味になります。 最高レベルの「どけ！」は”滚蛋!\n\n(I think the English word \"synonym\" is used for individual words only, not for\nmulti-word expressions. I guess those three Chinese 2-character expressions\nare words or like words.)\n\n「どけ！」 「どいて下さい。」 「さあ、どいて」 「ハイ、どいて」 のけ！ そこのけ！\n\nあっち行け 失せろ！ じゃまだ。 立ち去れ。 消えろ！ 解散せよ。 散れ！\n\n消えうせろ。 直ちに立ち去れ。 （Get out!）とっとと出て行け。\n\nWith the exception of maybe 「どいて下さい。」「さあ、どいて」「ハイ、どいて」 I've almost never used\nor heard any of these expressions in real life. -- I see them mostly in manga,\nmovies, etc.\n\nApparently some anime theme song: グリーンマンが相手だぞ. (※) 俺の目を見ろ アイビーム · 俺の声聞け\nマウスビーム. 胸を 開けば 必殺ブレスター. どけ どけ どけ どけ どけ. 失せろ! 見ていろ魔王 手下ども. 根こそぎ悪を滅ぼすぞ.\n子供は誰も渡さない. グリーンマンが挑戦だ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-11T07:47:32.457",
"id": "39124",
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},
{
"body": "Based on what you are trying to achieve あっち行け would be a hilariously rude and\nconfusing thing to say in such a situation.\n\nThere's no direct translation for \"get out of here\" in that context, and even\nan actual translation of \"don't mess/joke about this (I've got the bill)\"\n(ふざけないで) probably is a bit strong for most Japanese people in this duration.\n\nSomething like いやいや、いいよ, or いいよ、俺/僕/私が払うから would let them know your intent to\npay for them. You will likely have to insist once or twice.\n\nThe etiquette around this is not simple and varies between situations; if\nyou're not sure, ask a native and explain the specific situation before-hand.\nMy advice should be fine between friends in most situations though.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T19:00:57.473",
"id": "39176",
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| 39123 | null | 39124 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39131",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Dad suspects that his daughter's good looking teacher might not be as popular\nas everyone thinks. When asked why, he responds:\n\n> Dad:「とかく美人はなんやかんや言われるからなァ」 \n> Because various things are said about beautiful women \n> Mum:「そうね。美人 **ってだけで** 生意気だなんて言われたりね」 \n> That's right. It's said that _only_ beautiful women are cheeky.\n\nDad then seems to get angry and asks mum how she would know such a thing.\n\nI think my translation of mum's sentence must be wrong. I'm not understanding\nthe 美人ってだけで part. At first I assumed this was equivalent to 美人はだけで. But I\nthink if you use は and だけ together then it must be だけは and not はだけ, so I guess\nthe same is true with って?\n\nIrrespective of that I don't see how translating だけ as 'only' makes any sense\nhere. Nor, why dad would get angry at the comment.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-11T10:04:43.230",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-って",
"particle-だけ"
],
"title": "Understanding ってだけで in this sentence",
"view_count": 654
} | [
{
"body": "美人ってだけで means 美人というだけで、美人という理由だけで. So it is translated as \" It's said that\nbeautiful women are cheeky simply because they are beautiful.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-11T10:34:14.510",
"id": "39131",
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]
| 39130 | 39131 | 39131 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39142",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 「おまえ、そんな体験したこともねぇのにわかったようなこと言う **な** っ」 \n> Even though you've never had such an experience, (you say things like you\n> understand)/(don't say things like you understand).\n\nIs this な the negative imperative or just an emphatic marker? How can I know?\n\nMy guess is that it's imperative since it's written な **っ**. But my English\ntranslation \"even though X don't Y\" isn't good English grammar, so I'm not\nsure if this is allowed in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-11T14:15:50.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39132",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-13T10:52:26.973",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"imperatives",
"particle-な",
"scope"
],
"title": "Is な used for emphasis or negative imperative in this sentence?",
"view_count": 696
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's a negative imperative, also considering the derogative おまえ at the\nbeginning. The english translation would be:\n\n> Hey, don't talk like you understand when you've never had such an\n> experience.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T00:12:06.030",
"id": "39138",
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{
"body": "It is very much allowed in Japanese and very commonly used. It takes a\npositive sentence and converts it into negative and is considered a very\nforceful way to speak. (could probably guess that with the use of おまえ and ねぇ) \nYou can recognize it by the verb being in base form followed by な. \nYou could say things like:\n\n> 来るな (Go away) \n> 食べるな (Don't eat [that])\n\nBut don't confuse it with the ます verb form where 食べな is a polite offering\nlike, \"Go ahead and eat.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T00:26:16.367",
"id": "39139",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 「おまえ、そんな体験したこともねぇのにわかったようなこと言う **なっ** 」 \n> How can I know?\n\nWhen it's spoken, you could easily tell the difference by the pitch accent:\n\nわかったようなこと[言うな]{LHL} ← negative imperative \nわかったようなこと[言うな]{LHH} ← mild emphasis, emotion\n\nBut in writing it could be ambiguous. So I'd write it as 「言うなっ！」or 「言うなよ」 etc.\nto clearly show that it's negative imperative. To clearly show that it's the\nemphatic/emotional な, I would probably write it as 「言うなぁ」「言うな・・・」「言うな？」「言うよな」\netc., add 「よくもそんな」「よくそんな」, and/or maybe change the verb into the potential\nform, as in:\n\n> おまえ、そんな体験したこともねぇのに **よくもそんな** わかったようなこと言うな？ \n> おまえ、そんな体験したこともねぇのによくそんなわかったようなこと(が) **言える** な。\n\n* * *\n\n> But my English translation \"even though X don't Y\" isn't good English\n> grammar, so I'm not sure if this is allowed in Japanese.\n\nThe のに (even though) is being used here because したこともねぇのに modifies 言う, not\n言うな. In other words, the scope of negation is the whole 「そんな～～～言う」, not just\n「わかったようなことを言う」:\n\n> [(そんな体験したこともねぇのに)わかったようなこと言う]+な \n> \"don't do\" + \"talk like you know it all even though you've never had such\n> an experience\"\n\n→ \"Don't talk like you know it all\" + \"when you've never had such an\nexperience.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T01:54:06.890",
"id": "39142",
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}
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| 39132 | 39142 | 39142 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39136",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Could I use 番 instead of 番号 here?\n\n> 私たちの部屋の番号は三十一です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-11T23:18:51.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39134",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-13T05:11:02.107",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-12T04:07:21.420",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 番 and 番号?",
"view_count": 1007
} | [
{
"body": "> Could I use 番 instead of 番号 here?\n\nI'm afraid not. 部屋の番 would mean something different than \"room number\". (It\nwould be \"watching/guarding a room\". cf: [留守番]{るすばん} \"house-sitting\")\n\n> ○ 私たちの部屋の番号は三十一です。(correct) \n> × 私たちの部屋の番は三十一です。(incorrect)\n\nYou can use 番 as a counter like this:\n\n> 私たちの部屋は何 **番** ですか？ _Lit._ What number is our room? \n> 私たちの部屋の番号は何 **番** ですか？ _Lit._ What number is our room number?\" \n> (rather than 私たちの部屋の番号は何ですか？) \n> 私たちの部屋は３１ **番** です。 _Lit._ Our room is number 31. \n> 私たちの部屋の番号は３１ **番** です。 _Lit._ Our room number is number 31.",
"comment_count": 0,
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},
{
"body": "Not likely. \n番 by itself is mostly for expressing order, like first second or third. \n番号 is for explicit number like a room number.\n\nHowever there are other ways to express what you have said. \nIf the subject building is known by both the listener and speaker then 31号室\ncan be used. \nAlso as an extension to the answer. Implied possessives do not always need の.\nIn this case 部屋番号 would be fine. \nFurther, Japanese is quite subject indifferent so using 私達 is not even\nnecessary. \nFor example, in responding to the question of what room you are in you can say\n\"31号室\". \nIf stating your room number then: 部屋番号は31です。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T00:07:45.423",
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"body": "No, because 番 itself doesn't have a \"number\" sense. It literally means \"duty,\nshift, turn\", and the usage X番 \"number X\" is a spinoff from the \"turn X\"\nmeaning. Thus you have to use 番号 when you generally refer to \"number\" without\na specific number X.\n\nThere are indeed a handful of combined words that contain lone 番 to mean\nnumber (型番, 付番, 地番 etc.), but they were originally abbreviated terms and\ncannot be taken as the rationale that 番 has a general ability to mean\n\"number\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T17:31:47.750",
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| 39134 | 39136 | 39136 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Here's my sentence. It's describing an attack.\n\n> 強力な **かかと** 落してで周囲を攻撃する\n\nI know what everything else means but does anyone know what 「かかと」 means? I've\nnever seen it before.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-12T04:10:35.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39143",
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"owner_user_id": "16147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"particles",
"syntax",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "What does 「かかと」 mean?",
"view_count": 191
} | [
{
"body": "かかと means a heel, and かかと落とし (or かかと落し when a okurigana is partly dropped;\nlit. \"heel drop\") is a common word that means [axe\nkick](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGl-UfrzxNU).\n\nSee: [What's the difference between 落す and\n落とす?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36568/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T05:03:34.480",
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| 39143 | null | 39164 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I browsed around this website\n([here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3766/%E3%81%84-adjective-\nconjugation-%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-vs-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F)\nand\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/34199/%E3%82%88%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F-is-\nthis-correct)) as well as around the\n[internet](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/4265690.html) but could not come up\nwith a satisfactory answer, or at least well related to my case (though I\nmight have missed that point).\n\nSimply, the other day a quite old lady (over 70 I think) asked me 「楽しいでした？」 at\nthe end of a shodou class.\n\nMy question is, is this just a polite version of 「楽しかった？」that somehow confuses\nme? In such case would that be more polite than 「楽しかったですか」?\n\nOr is it just a way older people might talk sometimes? At the moment I heard\nit my first thought was whether she thought I could not speak Japanese and put\nit in a wrong but easy to understand form (as if she thought I might not know\nhow to conjugate an いーadjective properly).\n\nMaybe it's just a silly question but right there on the spot it confused me a\nbit and I would like some clarifications. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T05:10:53.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39144",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "「楽しいでした？」- clarifications about this conjugation",
"view_count": 333
} | [
{
"body": "I think it pays to bear in mind that people who speak a language at a native\nlevel often use the language in ways that we would consider as improper, on a\ngrammatical level(e.g. how someone could be saying the most profound things,\nbut wrt it ot lyk dis, bcuz dis is hw dey grw up wrtng out their thoughts n\nfeelings). Grammar is still important, but as long as you can understand them,\neverything else is gravy",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-26T00:52:28.580",
"id": "39479",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "My assumption is that she asked 楽しいでしたか？ In that case, it might sound natural,\ndepending on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T07:48:34.103",
"id": "39859",
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| 39144 | null | 39859 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39148",
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"body": "Both jisho.org and Wikipedia have ドットマトリクス for dot matrix (printer), but I've\ntried using it on a couple of middle-aged people and they didn't understand\nit. Maybe I've mispronounced it, or overestimated people's ages, or their\nability to know computer terminology, but is ドットマトリクス correct, or should I be\nusing something else?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-12T13:06:09.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"terminology"
],
"title": "Is ドットマトリクス valid Japanese?",
"view_count": 261
} | [
{
"body": "ドットマトリクス is an established word, but unfortunately only among mechanical\nengineers. I'm not very sure how common the word is in English, but I can\nconfirm that it's anything but what you'd hear from lay people in Japan.\n\nIf you want them to grasp the concept of dot matrix, I think you can only\nexplain it: 電光掲示板のような, 古いレシートのような, 絨毯の織り目のような, 点描画のような, 点を並べて作る etc. according\nto what they're familiar with.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-12T16:49:16.653",
"id": "39148",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-13T05:21:15.220",
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"score": 8
},
{
"body": "Just did some poking around on the net and my colleges here at work agree, if\nyou are just wanting to talk about Dot-Matrix Printers then use ラインプリンター(Line\nPrinter)\n\nAs for Dot-Matrix screens... I don't know, maybe just 昔の液晶画面",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-13T05:44:10.987",
"id": "39165",
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}
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| 39145 | 39148 | 39148 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39160",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I've heard it both as \"soo-kee-ya-kee\" and \"skee-ya-kee\". Which is correct?\n\nSome more background:\n\nA native speaker once told me that the correct pronunciation is \"skee-ya-kee\",\nand I subsequently learned that sometimes people shorten vowels. (Another\nexample would be \"a-sak-sa\" for \"Asakusa\".) Yet at Japanese restaurants I've\nordered \"skee-ya-kee\" only to have the servers (native speakers) repronounce\nit as \"soo-kee-ya-kee\". Is it purely a preference? Basically I'd like to use\nthe correct pronunciation when ordering sukiyaki.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-12T16:18:40.507",
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"id": "39146",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-12T17:24:55.053",
"last_editor_user_id": "15770",
"owner_user_id": "15770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"vowels"
],
"title": "Correct pronunciation of \"sukiyaki\"?",
"view_count": 3612
} | [
{
"body": "In the [English](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sukiyaki)\ndictionary and in [Japanese](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HJKkS_1PIs). The\ndiscrepancy might be because Japanese tends [not pronounce\nvowels](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1095/what-are-the-rules-\nregarding-mute-vowels-u-after-s-and-i-after-sh) within words. In Japanese, it\nis referred to as [\"the muting of\nvowels\".](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/pmod/practical/03-03-01.php)\n\nExamples:\n\nsukiyaki -> skee-ya-kee\n\nyakusoku -> yak-sow-koo",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T17:00:24.627",
"id": "39150",
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"body": "If you do not intend to speak like a native speaker and you just want to make\nyourself understood, say like \"soo-kee-yah-kee\".\n\nI don't know how often native speakers drop vowels between characters in hasty\ndaily speech (since I'm also a native speaker myself who did not use IPA for\nlearning Japanese), but when they speak slowly and clearly, it's certainly\n\"soo-kee-yah-kee\" without dropping any vowels. The 4 sounds each correspond to\nthe four hiragana letters of this word (す-き-や-き). The server perhaps said this\nword slowly for you.\n\nAnd note that you can never get the \"correct\" pronunciation if you are\nthinking in English alphabet like this. English and Japanese are two different\nlanguages and have different sound systems (read\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/9333/5010) for an example). In\nthis sense, neither is \"correct\"; soo-kee-yah-kee is just a safer\napproximation of the Japanese word すき焼き.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T03:18:45.543",
"id": "39160",
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"body": "As you've noticed, the \"u\" sound in Japanese is often reduced when it comes\nbetween voiceless consonants. Since \"s\" and \"k\" are both voiceless, Japanese\npeople say \"skiyaki\" and \"asaksa\".\n\nI think this confusion is also a result of the fact that the \"u\" sound in\nJapanese is different from that in English. Since we're not familiar with this\nsound, we hear something between \"skiyaki\" and \"sookiyaki\" even when Japanese\npeople say \"sukiyaki\" clearly.\n\n**The difference between the \"oo\" sound that we hear and the \"u\" sound that\nJapanese people produce is like the difference between the vowel sounds in\n\"[boot](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/boot)\" and\n\"[foot](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/foot)\".** In \"boot,\" our lips are\nrounded and protruding. In \"foot\" our lips are neither rounded nor protruding\n(at least not much). That's like the Japanese \"u\" sound.(Interestingly, if you\nsay \"foot\" quickly, you'll notice it also becomes \"ft\".)\n\nLooking at IPA charts, I see there are some differences between the vowel\nsound in foot and the Japanese \"u\" sound, but I'm pretty sure that if you\npronounce the \"u\" sound in \"sukiyaki\" like the one in \"foot,\" it will be\nindistinguishable to a native speaker.\n\nI've just started my foray into phonology, so excuse me if I get my terms\nwrong!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T19:26:34.190",
"id": "39177",
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{
"body": "The closest possible notation of すきやき and あさくさ within English sounds I think\nwould be \"sss-kee-yah-kee\" and \"ah-sah-khh-sah\" (with right accentuation, of\ncourse).\n\nJapanese phonology is build upon a basic principle of \"[isochrony of\nmorae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochrony#Mora_timing)\", that is each\nunit must be pronounced in the same duration. As you've observed, the vowel is\ndevoiced in this condition, or becomes effectively inaudible, but it doesn't\nreduce the length of the syllable. If you naively pronounce \"skee\", they're\nlikely to hear the vowel relatively longer, that's why _ski_ is rendered スキー\n\"sss-kee-ee\". The servers might have repronounced it (in English\npronunciation, perhaps?) to make sure that you ordered the right menu.\n\nAnother possibility is that they come from Western Japan area where the vowel\nU is more rounded and doesn't get devoiced, remaining similar to English \"oo\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-13T21:39:03.630",
"id": "39182",
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| 39146 | 39160 | 39182 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39151",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From 銀河鉄道の夜（宮沢賢治）\n\n> 二人がその白い道を 、 肩をならべて行きますと 、 二人の影は 、 ちょうど四方に窓のある部屋 の中の 、 二本の柱の影のように 、\n> また二つの車輪の輻のように幾本も幾本も四方へ出るのでした.\n\n 1. What does 幾本も幾本も mean exactly and how is it used?\n 2. How is it pronounced? Is it いくほん？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T16:23:09.887",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-12T17:32:41.830",
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"owner_user_id": "13569",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"counters",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What does this mean in context? [幾本も幾本も]",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "In modern Japanese one would say 何本も何本も.\n\n * 幾 is indeed pronounced いく.\n * The 本 (ほん) following it just appears because the 柱 are counted with 本.\n * The doubling is for emphasis.\n\n> 幾本も \n> pole after pole\n>\n> 幾本も幾本も \n> pole after pole after pole\n\nAlso see\n\n * [What is the meaning of 幾里?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32572/1628)\n * [What's the difference between 何【なん】 and 幾【いく】 when referring to amounts?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12639/1628)\n * [What does 何+(counter)+も+volitional mean? e.g. 何機も買おう](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12549/1628)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T17:21:31.030",
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| 39147 | 39151 | 39151 |
{
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"body": "Gonna occasionally say that to the wife :D Various translators have given a\ncouple of variants, but the consensus might be... Shizukani shite, ya shi\njosei ni narimasu! (where the \"shi\" has a long \"i\".) Sound ok? Arigato!",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T16:58:30.283",
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"id": "39149",
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"owner_user_id": "17850",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"Be silent (or quiet), vexatious woman!\"?",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "I have found that Japanese is not about using complicated words to express\nthings. Just say \"Urusai\" うるさい for someone being loud or ”Uruse~na” うるせ～な to\nmake it more directed at the person and also express annoyance. \nMore wording than that just confuses the point. \nAlso what you are saying is not something you can just throw out there at a\nwhim, it's a mouthful. \nOn a side note, rolling the \"RU\" or elongating it changes the intensity from a\ncasual \"shut up\" to more of an \"STFU\" (pardon my abbreviated French).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-12T23:42:09.217",
"id": "39156",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-13T05:40:47.127",
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{
"body": "One option would be: だまれ、邪魔臭い! (Damare, jyama kusai!) No need to add \"woman\"\nto the sentence. You can also use ウザイ (uzai) for \"vexatious\". It is a slang\nfrom the 1980's/1990's that is still common.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-13T00:14:11.707",
"id": "39157",
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"body": "One way to say “Be silent (or quiet), vexatious woman!” in comical-formal tone\nis:\n\n頼むから静かにしてくれ うるさい女だな\n\n> 夏目漱石 吾輩は猫である - 青空文庫 www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/789_14547.html\n>\n> うるさい女だな、意味も何にも無いと云うに」 「そんなら、品物の方もあとはありません」 「 頑愚 （ がんぐ ）\n> だな。それでは勝手にするがいい。俺はもう盗難告訴を書いてやらんから」 「私も 品数 （ しなかず ） を教えて上げません。告訴はあなたが御自分でなさるん\n> ...\n\n \n\n> 坂口安吾 竹藪の家 - 青空文庫 www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001095/files/45799_39317.html\n>\n> うるさい女だ」 「何言つてやんだい！ 又あたいの陰口だろ」 「お前さんは偉い女だよ――」\n> そして駄夫は構はずにスタスタ沓脱へ下りて冷い靴を穿いてゐたら、今度は台所へ引返して其処を拭きはじめた総江が、首を突き延ばして――\n> 「ほんたうに今日、重役に会 ...\n\n \n\nうる星やつら（うるせいやつら）は、高橋留美子の漫画。\n\n> Urusei yatsura (TV Series 1981–1986) - www.imdb.com/title/tt0081954/trivia\n>\n> The name \"Urusei Yatsura\" is a pun within a pun. In normal Japanese, the\n> name would be spelled \"urusai yatsura\" (meaning \"obnoxious people\").\n> However, the title is spelled with the Japanese kanji karacter for \"star\"\n> (\"Hoshi\" or \"sei\") making it \"Urusei Yatsura\" which could be interpreted as\n> \"jerks from Planet Uru,\" \"Those annoying bastards from the planet Uru\" or as\n> Animeigo had it for a while, \"Those Obnoxious Aliens.\"\n\ni wouldn't call it a \"pun within a pun\" -- but the 2nd pun may be a star named\nうる星 -- as in ウル言語",
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| 39149 | null | 39156 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「 **ここに来て** の出費は痛いが、この状況を挽回するためにも、あの酒に頼らざるを得ん。背に腹は変えられないというが」\n\nWhat does ここに来て mean in this context?\n\nAccording to a definition I found on the internet\n\n> ものがある段階でその性質や状態になったことを意味する表現\n\nbut, this isn't exactly clear to me.\n\nCan anyone explain to me what nuance or meaning ここに来て adds? e.g. by explaining\nhow the sentence would be different if you didn't include it.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-12T18:39:49.710",
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"owner_user_id": "17853",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"idioms"
],
"title": "meaning of ここに来て",
"view_count": 828
} | [
{
"body": "<http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%93%E3%81%93%E3%81%AB%E6%9D%A5%E3%81%A6>\n\n> thesaurus.weblio.jp\n>\n> 1. ここに到って ・ ここへ来て ・ ここまで来て ・ ここに至って ・ ここに来て ・ ここで ・ ここで初めて\n>\n> 2. 今さら ・ この期に及んで ・ こんな時に ・ 今の今になって ・ ここに来て ・ ここまで来て ・ せっかくここまで来たのに ・ 今更 ・\n> 今ごろになって\n>\n>\n\n「ここに来ての出費は痛いが、この状況を挽回するためにも、あの酒に頼らざるを得ん。背に腹は変えられないというが」\n\nHere, it's the 2nd meaning. Similar to ここまで来て\n\n\"At this late stage\"\n\n\"So late in the game ... \"\n\nここに来て is usually like an adverb.\n\nここに来ての -- the last の here is there because it (ここに来ての) is modifying a noun 出費",
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}
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| 39153 | null | 39154 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39163",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Judging from the context, it seems to me that ので in the following sentence\nmeans \"in order to\", similar to のに, and not \"because of\". Can this be\npossible?\n\n> 過激派トップとされているが、実は本人はそのつもりはなく、ただ勝手についてくる者は不都合はないので側に置いているだけのこと。\n\nAlso, I don't get the general meaning of the second part of the sentence, in\nparticular who 勝手に relates to, the person in question or his followers? Here's\nmy attempt:\n\n> He is considered the leader of the extremist faction, but that's not his\n> intention, he has his volunteer followers around simply in order to avoid\n> any inconvenience.\n\nThanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T04:16:58.460",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Does ので have the same meaning as のに in this sentence?",
"view_count": 946
} | [
{
"body": "ので is similar to から (because). You should however note that it sounds more\nsoft, unlike for から which gives an emphasis on the first part of the sentence.\n\nYou can find more here: <http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=node>",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T04:22:52.007",
"id": "39162",
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{
"body": "ので still means \"because\" in this sentence. ただ勝手についてくる者は不都合はないので means \"simply\nbecause those who follow him of their own will are not inconvenient/bothersome\n(to him)\". The second は after 不都合 is contrastive (i.e., the followers are at\nleast harmless, if not helpful)\n\n\"simply in order to avoid inconvenience\" would be \"不都合がないよう(に)\",\n\"不都合のないよう(に)\", \"不都合をなくすため(に)\", etc.\n\n勝手に modifies ついてくる and means \"on one's own\", \"without asking/permission\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 39161 | 39163 | 39163 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39168",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": ">\n> A社がインターネット関連会社と組み、月額料金10万5千円で販売を始めたソフトは、社名や製品名などをキーワードとして設定すると、掲示板やブログの中から関連した記述を集めてきてくれる。\n>\n> ただ記述を並べられても、皆読むのは大変。そこで、プラスマイナスのどちらの評価が多いか分析する機能をつけた。\n>\n> 例えば、文中「いい」「素晴らしい」があればプラス、「悪い」「ひどい」があればマイナスというように、事前に用意された辞書に従ってシステムが判断していく。\n>\n>\n> **しかし、日本語は単純ではない。例えば「―はいいが、―は気にくわない」というように、相反する評価が並ぶとソフトが「良い」「悪い」を判断できず中立にしてしまう。前後の文脈を加えた解析や、業界ごと特有の表現への対応など、精度を上げていく＿＿＿＿＿。**\n>\n> 1. ことは不可能である\n> 2. 余地があるという\n> 3. はずである\n> 4. はずではない\n>\n\nThe answer is 余地があるという. Why is it not はずである？ I know that\n相反する評価が並ぶとソフトが「良い」「悪い」を判断できず中立にしてしまう this part showing unsatisfied feeling\n\n前後の文脈を加えた解析や、業界ごと特有の表現への対応など、精度を上げていく＿＿＿＿ And the last sentence said that to\nsum up, in order to correspond to every special industry expression, there is\nroom to improve accuracy (?) there is a room means they should work hard to\nimprove accuracy? Why not はずである？",
"comment_count": 2,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Help to choose best option that fit in paragraph",
"view_count": 149
} | [
{
"body": "> 前後の文脈を加えた解析や、業界ごと特有の表現への対応など、精度を上げていくはずである。\n\n(3) is a wrong answer because, this (above) is not grammatical.\n\nThe following would be:\n\n * a. （※） 前後の文脈を加えた解析や、業界ごと特有の表現への対応などの努力によって、精度を上げていくはずである。 （※）\n\n * b. （※） 前後の文脈を加えた解析や、業界ごと特有の表現への対応などの改善によって、精度を上げていくはずである。 （※）\n\n * 前後の文脈を加えた解析や、業界ごと特有の表現への対応などの努力や改善によって、精度が上っていくはずである。\n\n * 前後の文脈を加えた解析や、業界ごと特有の表現への対応などによって、精度が上っていくはずである。\n\nI'm a bit uncomfortable with (a and b) （※） ... 精度を上げていくはずである。 （※）\n\nIt feels like an awkward version of [This car drives well.]\n\nThe following (which includes the が) would be grammatical :\n\n> 前後の文脈を加えた解析や、業界ごと特有の表現への対応などが、精度を上げていくはずである。\n\n* * *\n\nTo answer this question, you only need the text that you posted first (the\npart after しかし、).\n\n3 and 4 are wrong answers because without the が, it wouldn't be grammatical.\n\n1 and 2 would be grammatical, but 1 is a wrong answer because the meaning\nwould be wrong (because there is room for improvement).",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T06:16:48.283",
"id": "39167",
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"body": "～する余地がある means \"there is room for ～ing\" and 精度を上げていく余地がある indeed means \"there\nis room for improving accuracy\". But the use of 余地がある is not very important to\ndetermine the correct answer here.\n\nThe critical difference between 3 and 4 is ～という and ～はずだ. [Sentence-end\n～という](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33563/5010) is used to repeat\nsomeone else's statement (\"they say ...\", \"according to them, ...\"), whereas\n～はずだ is used to show the writer's own strong expectation (\"I think they will\n...\", \"they must ...\").\n\nApparently, this article is written from the third person's standpoint, by\nsomeone who do not develop this system. Typically, this looks like a news\narticle based on a press release from the manufacturer or an interview with\nthe developer. In such a setting, in general, a writer (who is not necessarily\nan expert in this field) rarely gives his own technical opinion using はずだ in\nthe middle of the article. Perhaps the writer even did not see the system\nbefore writing this.\n\nPlease re-read the question carefully, and see which fits the context better:\n\n * 精度を上げていくはずだ ≒ \"I, as an interviewer/writer, am sure that they will improve the accuracy (for some reason)\" or \"Everyone should naturally expect that they will improve the accuracy\".\n * 精度を上げていく余地があるという ≒ \"According to the developers, there is still some room for improvement\"\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** To reach the correct answer, it is important to make a correct\nassumption regarding **who wrote this article**. There are a number of reasons\nto believe this was _not_ officially written by someone on behalf of A社. In\ngeneral, official announcements are far politer (です, ます, _keigo_ ) and use\nmore formal wordings. For instance, compare [this official\nannouncement](http://www.jp.playstation.com/info/release/nr-20160824-ds4-usbwa.html)\nand [this news article](http://ascii.jp/elem/000/001/216/1216915/). They both\nconvey the same information, but they look drastically different. Noticed that\nonly the latter article uses という? Actually I'm pretty confident that this\nwriting style is that of a typical technical news writer. Thus everything in\nthe article is basically hearsay information based on another information\nsource.\n\nAnd most importantly, there is no way that one wants to use はず in an article\nlike this, because はず expresses the speaker's _subjective_\nimpression/understanding. If this were written by someone on behalf of A社 or\nin charge of the actual development of the system, concluding the announcement\nsaying 精度を上げていくはずだ (\"It _appears_ that (or in our understanding) we will\nimprove...\") would sound totally irresponsible and funny. Instead, they should\nclearly state 精度を上げていく予定です, 精度の向上に努めます, etc. If this is written by someone not\ndirectly related to A社 (e.g., a writer of wired.com), suddenly saying\nsomething subjective like 精度を上げていくはずだ is out of the question, too.",
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| 39166 | 39168 | 39167 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39172",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does 居酒屋 mean in Japanese? Does it refer to any place that primarily\nserves alcoholic beverages with less emphasis on food? Does it refer to what\nEnglish-speakers would refer to by the English word \"izakaya\", which is native\nto Japan, typically has a small appetiser in place of a cover charge, and\nsometimes has smoking allowed?\n\nIf there's a difference of meaning between current and past usage, or between\na technical definition versus everyday usage, please include that in the\nanswer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-13T08:32:05.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39170",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 居酒屋 mean in Japanese?",
"view_count": 952
} | [
{
"body": "The _Izakaya_ is more of a mind-set than just one thing. At its most basic it\nis a place that serves food and drink. The size can range from a single\ncounter and a single table or to something like a standard franchise\nrestaurant. They can have all the things you mentioned. Small portions, large\nbanquette size portions, anything goes. They allow smoking, or don't\n(sometimes you get your own closed room for smoking), hey sometimes all the\nrooms are closed and private, others are open and airy. My thought is that\nthere is no difference in the usage as there are places that have been around\nfor 100's of years and as mentioned it's such a broad word that it would be\nhard to change its use.",
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"body": "What 居酒屋 refers to depends on the context.\n\nIn its broader sense, 居酒屋 includes any types of pubs, saloons, bars and the\nlike in the world where ordinary local adults _casually_ gather and enjoy\nalcohol and food. Pubs are typically referred to as \"British-style 居酒屋.\" Take\na look at [居酒屋 on Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%85%92%E5%B1%8B), and it\nextensively explains how 居酒屋 look like and how they developed in European,\nArabian, or Asian countries.\n\nIn its narrower sense, however, 居酒屋 only refers to [so-called \"Japanese\n_izakaya_ \"](http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2036_izakaya.html), which typically\nserve _yakitori_ , _edamame_ , _tempura_ , _sashimi_ , etc., along with some\nnon-Japanese food like pizza. (Many 居酒屋 today are heavily influenced by\nWestern culture and are no longer equipped with _tatami_ or red _chōchin_.)\nWhen Japanese people hear 居酒屋 without any context, they would have almost the\nsame thing as so-called \"Japanese _izakaya_ \" in mind.\n\nThere are many Western-style \"pubs\" in Japan (like [this](http://www.pub-\nhub.com/)), too, and they mainly identify themselves as パブ, バル, 酒場, etc. We\noften just say お店 instead of 居酒屋 to vaguely include everything; one can say\n\"来週の歓迎会で使う **お店** を探しておいて\", and this お店 refers to everything from Japanese\n_izakaya_ to Chinese restaurants to Hooters to beer gardens.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T12:16:22.543",
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| 39170 | 39172 | 39172 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39203",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "犬は泳ぐことが出来ます。\n\nA translation for this sentence would be 'The dog can swim', right? Is it\nnecessary to use ことが? And what does it mean?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-13T16:51:43.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does ことが mean here?",
"view_count": 979
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{
"body": "The following is pretty clear & concise :\n\n> <http://study.u-biq.org/33.html>\n>\n> ・［noun］ が できます。 --- example: スキーが できます\n>\n> ・［verb (dictionary-form)］ ことが できます。\n>\n> --- example: およぐ こと が できます。\n>\n> Oyogu koto ga dekimasu\n\nThere probably are other good pages.",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T18:21:40.183",
"id": "39175",
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"body": "こと here is a nominalizer, and it's necessary because ～ができる only takes a noun.\nSee [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29367/5010), too.\nLiterally, 泳ぐことができる is translated as \"can do swimming\" rather than \"can swim\".\n\n泳ぐことができる and 泳げる both basically mean \"can swim\". But as you can easily guess,\nthe longer version is more explicit about the ability, and sounds a bit more\nformal/technical. The former sounds closer to \"have an ability to swim\" rather\nthan simple \"can swim.\"",
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| 39173 | 39203 | 39203 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39185",
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"body": "I'm studying japanese from not that long and a doubt came to my mind studying\nある and いる verbs, so sorry in advance if the question isn't clear.\n\nIf we take those two phrases as example:\n\nA. つくえ **は** へやにあります\n\nB. へやにつくえ **が** あります\n\nFor what I've understood, in the phrase A, I want to underline the location of\nthe desk, in this case the room. In the phrase B, instead, I want to underline\nthat in the room there's a desk, so I give more importance to the object, not\nto the location.\n\nIf I would want to translate the phrase \"there's a desk\" without pointing out\nthe location, I can choose between:\n\nC. つくえ **が** あります\n\nD. つくえ **は** あります\n\nindifferently or, if my previous argument is correct, I have to choose C?",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-13T20:41:42.250",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "Use は or が with ある when the phrase doesn't explicit the place",
"view_count": 2209
} | [
{
"body": "Comparing A and B. -- I'd say in A there may be emphasis on what's sentence-\ninitial == つくえは.\n\nAn indifferent assertion \"There's a desk.\" (a certain, particular desk), like\na scientific statement, like Spock or Data or HAL might say:\n\n> C. つくえがあります\n\nD. つくえはあります sounds like (for example) ---- [ We don't have that other X that\nyou asked about, but we do have a desk (for sale). ]\n\n* * *\n\nPlease see: 「電話は切れた」 vs. 「電話が切れた」\n\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/38782/16344>\n\n> 「AがBである」の時は、Aに重点がある。 .......... 「AはBである」の時はBに重点がある。 ......",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-13T21:29:59.393",
"id": "39181",
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"body": "The basic difference is already covered in this question: [What's the\ndifference between wa (は) and ga\n(が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010)\n\nThe following is a brief summary. As you can see in the above link, each\nsentence has two different meanings.\n\n> * C. つくえがあります。 \n> ① There is a desk. \n> ② (Among the aforementioned options,) The desk is what exists. [exhaustive-\n> listing]\n> * D. つくえはあります。 \n> ① The desk (we are talking about) exists. [thematic] \n> ② (By contrast / However,) There is a _desk_. [contrastive]\n>\n\nRegarding Sentence C:\n\n * ① You are bringing a desk into the current conversation. In English, you mention something firstly using 'a' (e.g., \"a boy\") and then talk about it using 'the' (e.g., \"the boy\"). In sentence C, が in つくえがあります is similar in purpose to the article 'a' in English.\n * ② is a bit tricky, but this is possible when someone asks you \"What do you have at home, a desk or a [_kotatsu_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotatsu)?\".\n\nRegarding Sentence D:\n\n * ① When you have been already talking about some desk, and someone asks you \"Does the desk exist?\" or \"Do you really have the desk?\" then you would answer, \"はい、つくえはあります。\"\n * ② If you stress は when you read this out loud, it would be \"contrastive.\" For example, when someone asks \"Do you have a _kotatsu_ at home?\", you could answer, \"いいえ、こたつはありません。つくえはあります。\". In English, you would directly stress the \"desk\" in this situation.\n\nSo when you simply want to say \"(Look!) There is a desk.\", you **have to use\nが**. If you said \"つくえはあります\" in an inappropriate situation, it would sound very\nawkward to native speakers.",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T03:36:31.077",
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"body": "To add to @Naruto's brilliant answer:\n\nWhen asked \"What's there? / What do you have?\" (なにがありますか？), you'll reply with\n(C) つくえ **が** あります, not つくえは...*\n\nWhen asked \"Are there any desks? / Do you have a desk?\" (つくえはありますか？), you'd\nreply with (D) つくえ **は** あります, not つくえが...\n\n*You might reply つくえ **は** あります to mean \"We have desks, _at least_ (but we may not have other things).\"\n\n* * *\n\nSimilarly, you might say (A) つくえ **は** へやにあります as a response to \"Where's the\ndesk?\" (つくえはどこにありますか？)\n\nYou might say へやに **は** つくえがあります as a response to \"What's in the room?\"\n(へやにはなにがありますか？)\n\nYou might say (B) へやにつくえがあります to simply state that there's a desk in a room (≂\nつくえがへやにあります), or to emphasize that the desk is _in the room_ and not in other\nplaces (with a stress on へやに).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T04:12:31.130",
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]
| 39180 | 39185 | 39185 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "40049",
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"body": "I personally learned beginner Japanese using the Genki textbooks, though I\nthink this is similar for other beginner textbooks. In these textbooks, they\nteach が to mean \"but\", as in \"日本料理が好きです **が** 、生卵が嫌いです。\" However, when I was\nin Japan this past summer, I don't believe I ever heard people use が this way.\nけど was so much more common, and when people wanted to be formal, they used けれど\nor けれども. (I was in Nagoya, so it may be a regional thing.)\n\nWhy do textbooks teach が when けど seems so much more commonly used?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T03:12:47.570",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Why do textbooks teach が as \"but\" when けど is more common?",
"view_count": 420
} | [
{
"body": "In each of spoken & written categories, i think 「が」 is at least 3 times as\ncommon as 「けれども」 and variants ( 「だけど」 「けれど」 「けど」 「けども」 ... ) combined.\n\n* * *\n\nI think textbooks all over the world respect the (formal) [written word] over\nthe (casual) [spoken word].\n\nWhat's a good example in English ?\n\n * No introductory textbook of English begin with \"gonna\", \"ain't\", ... etc.\n\n * U.S. elementary schools teach the pronuciation \"Twen-tee\" when \"Twa-nee\" is much more common.\n\nOther (better) examples ?\n\n```\n\n and, Yes, we love it when foreigners speak polite and over-polite Japanese.\n \n```\n\n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/68969/meaning/m0u/>\n>\n> [補説]\n> 「けれども」は中世末、形容詞活用の已然形語尾に接続助詞「ども」が付いてできたもの。近世前期になると、くだけた感じを伴う「けれど」「けど」が生じ、後期には、「けども」が成立した。\n\n「けれども」 is longer and more awkward.\n\nIt can sound too colloquial for an introductory textbook. -- 「が」 is just as\ngood, or better.\n\n「が」 sounds more modern. -- 「けれども」 can sound old-fashioned. like Kobun.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T18:19:18.250",
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"body": "Just my personal opinion but as I am living in Tokyo now, I've only heard\npeople saying が very few times too. In my textbooks, I was taught that けど is\nthe informal form of が so in the beginning I didn't dare to use it until I\nheard most people do. けど is much more frequently used in daily conversations,\nregardless of the circumstances. In terms of けれども, I hear it very often during\nspeeches or formal meetings, so I believe it is neither uncommon nor regional,\nbut of course awkward if you use it in casual conversations.",
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| 39184 | 40049 | 40049 |
{
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"body": "ADAMO, [Tombe la neige]\n\nThe song 「雪が降る」 by アダモ goes --> ♪♪ 雪は降る あなたは来ない ... ♪♪\n\n 1. Is there a good explanation for the difference between the title and how the song begins? -- 雪が vs. 雪は ... \n \n\n 2. Are the following alternative words better or worse?\n``` The song starting as --> ♪♪ 雪が降る あなたは来ない ... ♪♪\n\n \n```\n\n \n\nRelated: [Use は or が with ある when the phrase doesn't explicit the\nplace](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/39180/use-%e3%81%af-\nor-%e3%81%8c-with-%e3%81%82%e3%82%8b-when-the-phrase-doesnt-explicit-the-\nplace)\n\nOne obvious relationship is this :\n\nBy applying naruto's excellent summary, the following explanation is possible.\n\n「雪が ... 」 in the title introduces the subject (snow) for the 1st time (e.g.,\n\"a boy\"), and when it is mentioned the 2nd time, it should be \"the snow\"\n\n雪は降る == The snow (that we are talking about) is falling. [thematic]\n\n```\n\n There could be a new tag [ particle-がvs.は ]\n --> Thanks, oals, i just added it.\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T04:49:50.917",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"song-lyrics",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "The song 「雪が降る」 by アダモ goes --> ♪♪ 雪は降る あなたは来ない ... ♪♪",
"view_count": 431
} | [
{
"body": "When someone wants to put two things as **comparison** in Japanese, they will\nsay **Aは...Bは...。** So in this song, it will be better to use **は...は...。** I\nthink maybe it can mean - Even the snow is already falling, **_but_** you\nstill do not show up. To emphasize the feeling of disappointment.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-14T06:55:09.033",
"id": "39188",
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"body": "The particle「が」is used in a lot of contexts to explain a characteristic of\nsomething. In the song title, it is simply attaching a behavior to a subject,\nso, in a general sense:\n\n```\n\n *snow* --> \"fall\" [action]\n \n```\n\nThe song title conveys: this _thing_ (snow) does _thing_ (fall). No additional\nor deeper meaning can be extracted of this sentence.\n\nIn the lyrics part, the story is totally different. When the author uses\n「は」there, it is (in addition to stating the action that the subject is doing:\n_to fall_ ), giving you a notion of **sequential actions** , essentially:\n**the passing of time**. That nuance gives the sentence a deeper, sadder\nmeaning:\n\n```\n\n Snow *keeps falling (and falling, ...)* and you still (don't/won't) come.\n \n```\n\nIt could even be interpreted as \"She'll never come back\", but that's just a\npersonal interpretation (I don't know the song / know the rest of the lyrics).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-16T18:46:11.503",
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| 39187 | null | 39188 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39191",
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"body": ">\n> というのは、中学の時、登校拒否になって家に引きこもったクラスメートを心配して励ましているうちに、私は自身がストレスで髪が抜けたり食欲がなくなったりした経験があるからです。それで母は、私が他の人の悩みを聞いて、一緒に悩んでしまうのが、心配でたまらないというのです\n\nFor example I want to cut this sentence 登校拒否になって家に引きこもったクラスメートを心配して励ましているうちに\nlike this:\n\n> 登校拒否になって家に引きこもっ **た** ///クラスメートを心配して励ましているうちに\n\n**My attempt to translate:** Staying in house and refused to go to school //\nwhile being encouraged and worried by friends\n\n**My interpretation:**\n\nというのは-から (because)\n\nFirst I thought the subject was クラスメート but then I see 私は自身がストレス\n\nAt first I thought the subject was クラスメート, and 登校拒否になって家に引きこもった modified\nクラスメート, then I see を心配して励ましているうちに. This part made me think the one being\nencouraged was my classmate (登校拒否になって家に引きこもったクラスメートを心配して励ましているうちに)\n\nBut then the latter part 私は自身が。。 ->so the subject is me and I was supposed to\nbe the one being encouraged by my friend.\n\n**My question:**\n\nActually who is being encouraged? And who is encouraging?\n\nHow should I cut Japanese long sentence like this and how to determine who is\nthe subject and who is object or modifier? Can you explain the structure also?",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T07:45:49.553",
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"id": "39190",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Understanding long Japanese noun sentences 登校拒否になって家に引きこもったクラスメートを心配して励ましているうちに",
"view_count": 694
} | [
{
"body": "登校拒否になって家に引きこもったクラスメートを心配して励ましているうちに means \" As I worried about and encouraged\nmy classmate who was staying in house and refused to go to school.\" So my\nclassmate is the one who was encouraged and I am the one who encouraged my\nclassmate.\n\nI can only say for your last question that you just have to read many Japanese\nsentences.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-14T08:53:40.967",
"id": "39191",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-13T11:24:54.800",
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},
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"body": "Sometimes the subject will be omitted or moved to the rear part in a sentence.\nIn your question, it should be **私は** 中学の時、登校拒否になって....\n\nThe subject is not omitted, but it shared the rear one[うちに、 **私は** 自身がストレスで]\n\nというのは、I think it's similar to [The thing is...or The story is...]\n\nWhen you see a **Verb. before a noun** in the sentence, you should take the\nwhole part before it as a adjective.\n\nSo in this article the **main sentence** is\n私は自身がストレスで髪が抜けたり食欲がなくなったりした経験があるからです. All the part before is just to modify\nうちに、 and it is to show you when(because there is a Verb. before **うち** に).\n\nIt's because there is a からです。so you will think というのは means because.\n\nSo the point to understand long Japanese sentence is to :\n\n**1.Find all the noun in the sentence.**\n\n**2.Find all the part to modify the noun find in 1.**",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T11:09:42.970",
"id": "39193",
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"body": "というのは、中学の時、登校拒否になって家に引きこもったクラスメートを心配して励ましているうちに、私は自身がストレスで髪が抜けたり食欲がなくなったりした経験があるからです。それで母は、私が他の人の悩みを聞いて、一緒に悩んでしまうのが、心配でたまらないというのです。\n\nWhat I mean is, when I was in junior high school, I was anxious about\nencouraging my classmate who was refused to attend school and grounded at\nhome. I had personally experienced falling hair and loss of appetite due to\nstress. So, my mother told me, when I hear other’s troubles, it makes me\nworried too and It can’t be helped.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 39190 | 39191 | 39191 |
{
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"body": "I found them in the following sentence.\n\n女 **ってえ** のはざんこくな動物と **きいてはいた** が これほどまでとは思わなかったぜ どんな形相のオバチャンが演出してるのか\n**つらあ見て見たい** もんだね\n\n1) For the verb 「きいてはいた」, is its definition same as 「きいた」or 'heard'? What is\nthe difference between the both verbs? I'm not sure if the はいた came from verb\n「吐く」.\n\n2) For the verb 「見て見たい」, what is the difference between it and the verb 「見たい」?\n\n3) For the words 「ってえ」and 「つらあ」, do I correctly understand that the alphabets\n「え」and 「あ」added to the words 「と」quotation particle and 「つら」 just for\nemphasizing speaker's expression?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T09:43:02.730",
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"id": "39192",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Questions about words 「きいてはいた」, 「見て見たい」, 「ってえ」and 「つらあ」",
"view_count": 567
} | [
{
"body": "1. きいてはいた（聞いてはいた） is 聞いていた (to have heard repeatedly/constantly) with the contrastive particle は. This は conveys the feeling of \"certainly did, but...\".\n 2. 見て見たい（見てみたい） is 見る (to see) with て＋みる (to try to do something and see the results) and たい (want). So, the sentence is \"want to try to see\" as opposed to \"want to see\". <http://www.tanos.co.uk/jlpt/skills/grammar/sentences/?grammarid=512>\n 3. ってえ and つらあ are shitamachi (Tokyo) dialect. ってえ is a corruption of っていう/という. つらあ is 面【つら】 (face) with elongated vowel あ. This elongated vowel sometimes implies an omitted particle (in this case, 面 **を** 見てみたい).",
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| 39192 | 39194 | 39194 |
{
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"body": "This is something that has confused me for a while. I am no Japanese student,\nbut I do shotokan karate. We are often told to get into a \"ready\" stance by\nthe sensei using the command \"yoi\". Wikipedia seems to treat \"yoi\" as used in\nthe context as interchangeable with shizentai (natural stance). Most karate\nsites do also translate the meaning as \"ready\". However, when I try to find\nthe appropriate kanji, the only \"yoi\" I find is 良, which (as far as I can\ntell) means good, but has no translation equivalent to \"ready\" in English. Is\nthe command as used in karate represented by a different kanji or does this\nsame kanji have that meaning in some contexts?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T13:02:33.177",
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"tags": [
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "The meaning of \"yoi\" in martial arts",
"view_count": 6861
} | [
{
"body": "The correct word for it is _yōi_ (用意), but perhaps you failed to perceive\nvowel length and/or your sensei isn't a native speaker.\n\nIn many martial arts we start a match with:\n\n> 用意――はじめ！ _Ready......Fight!_\n\nOr in track race:\n\n> 位置について――用意――ドン！ _On your mark......Get set......(bang!)_",
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| 39195 | 39197 | 39197 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39200",
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"body": "I saw both used for brown but looking at Google Translate it doesn't help me\nto understand what the difference is between the two. Can someone help me.",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T19:11:38.447",
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"id": "39199",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ちゃいろ and ちゃいろい",
"view_count": 387
} | [
{
"body": "茶色 / 茶色い, 茶色の\n\nちゃいろ / ちゃいろい\n\nNoun / Adj.\n\n> <https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/380841>\n>\n> 「赤い(red)」 「青い(blue)」 「白い(white)」 「黒い(black)」\n>\n> 「黄色い(yellow)」 「茶色い(blown)」 -- adjectives.\n\nThe tricky part is ...\n\nSometimes, you can't add い at the end.\n\n> noun: noun+の (\"no\" adjective)\n>\n> みどり： みどりの green\n>\n> むらさき： むらさきの purple\n>\n> ピンク： ピンクの pink\n\nAnything else that 's tricky or interesting ?\n\nBrownish 茶色っぽい\n\nThere's an elaborate 5- year old page here: [Historical differences between\ncolors that are i-adjectives and those that are simply\nnouns](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2288/historical-\ndifferences-between-colors-that-are-i-adjectives-and-those-that-are-s)",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-14T19:19:07.673",
"id": "39200",
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| 39199 | 39200 | 39200 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Comparing 「が」 --and-- 「けれども」 including variants ( 「だけど」 「けれど」 「けど」 「けども」 ... )\n\nWhen i was looking at the usage samples below, i noticed that 「が」 and 「けれども」\nboth fit ALL the usage samples.\n\n 1. Are 「が」 and 「けれども」 always interchangeable grammatically ? \n \n\n 2. What's the etymology of 「が」 ? -- It seems odd that two forms not from the same origin can function in such a similar way. Any explanation for it ?\n\n> <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/68969/meaning/m0u/>\n\n［接助］ 活用語の終止形に付く。\n\n(1. but, however, -- CONTRAST)\n\n> １\n> 確定の逆接条件を表し、内容の矛盾する事柄を対比的に結びつける意を表す。「言うことはりっぱだ―、することはなってない」「年はとっている―、実に活動的だ」\n\n(2. 前置き)\n\n> ２ ある事実を前置きとして述べ、本題に結びつける意を表す。「経験から言うんだ―、時間には厳しいほうがいい」「これおもしろい本だ―、君読まないか」\n\n(3. sloppy connection)\n\n> ３ 二つの事柄を単に結びつける意を表す。「野球番組も好きだ―、音楽番組も好きだ」「時間もない―、金もない」\n\n［終助］活用語の終止形に付く。\n\n> １ 言い切りを避け、婉曲に表現する気持ちを表す。「あすなら行けるんです―」「父は今日出かけているんです―」\n>\n> ２ 不安に思ったり、なかばあきらめたりしながらも、事柄の実現などを願う気持ちを表す。「このままお天気が続くといいんです―」\n\n( The above two seem so similar -- are they the same ? )",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-14T23:29:04.947",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"etymology",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "etymology of 「が」 -- Are 「が」 and 「けれども」 (& variants) always interchangeable grammatically?",
"view_count": 280
} | [
{
"body": "I think 「が」and 「けれども」are always interchangeable grammatically. However,\n「だけど」you categorized as one variant is different since it starts with「だ」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-15T23:36:26.973",
"id": "39211",
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{
"body": "```\n\n The etymology of English \"and\" seems interesting too.\n \n```\n\n「が」 格助詞 --（万葉集） 「君が行く」 「君が袖振る」 「近江の海夕波千鳥汝が鳴けば心もしのに古思ほゆ」. . .\n\nI just learned that 「が」changed from 格助詞 to 接続助詞 and there's a famous example\nat the very beginning of Genji.\n\n> <http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/miya09132001/26484139.html>\n>\n> 【原文】 いづれの御時にか、女御・更衣あまたさぶらひたまひける中に、いとやむごとなききはにはあらぬが、すぐれて時めきたまふありけり。\n>\n> 【谷崎潤一郎訳】 何と言う帝の御代のことでしたか、女御や更衣が大勢伺候していました中に、たいして重い身分ではなくて、誰よりも時めいている方がありました。\n>\n> 【与謝野晶子訳】 どの天皇様の御代であったか、女御とか更衣とかいわれる後宮がおおぜいいた中に、最上の貴族出身ではないが深い御寵愛を得ている人があった。\n\nScholars can't agree about this が、and Tanizaki's translation is closer to the\ntraditional analysis (as 格助詞).\n\nPlease let me know if you know of early usage samples as 接続助詞 -- Thank you.",
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| 39201 | null | 39211 |
{
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"body": "What is the meaning of 流し方 in the following sentence?\n\n> 知ってると思うが、剣は腕力より流し方だぜ、力の。\n\nSince it is opposed to 腕力 (brute force), I suppose it has something to do with\nspiritual force. The context is a fight between two samurai. This is where\nit's taken from:\n[i.imgur.com/Yaz1eQr.jpg](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QIE1S.jpg) Here's my\nattempt:\n\n> I think you know, but in swordsmanship, more than brute force, it's the way\n> you make it circulate that's important.\n\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-15T03:40:13.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39202",
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 流し when talking about swordsmanship?",
"view_count": 105
} | []
| 39202 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39205",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the practical difference between なさい and ください? Is it only different in\npoliteness or does it have a different meaning and application?\n\nAlso is なさい used the same way as ください? -te form plus the なさい?\n\nNow there's this sentence I'm trying to come up with, could you help me? Is it\nright, does it sound natural? What could I improve on that? (I just making\nthese sentence to exercise my grammar)\n\n> 俺は日本語をちょっと話せますが、のみ簡単の物を話せますのですよ。\n\nIn case it is not clear, my intention was something like:\n\n> I can talk a bit o Japanese but I can only talk simple stuff.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-15T14:25:06.253",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between なさい and てください / でください?",
"view_count": 6782
} | [
{
"body": "Grammatically speaking:\n\n * 「continuative form (連用形) + なさい」 is for _telling / ordering_ someone to do something. なさい is the honorific form of the imperative \"しろ (or せよ)\". (In other words, なさい is the imperative form of なさる, which is the honorific verb of する.) \n * 「te-form + ください」 is for _asking_ someone to do something. It's the honorific form of 「te-form + くれ」. (くれ is the imperative form of くれる, \"to give (me/us)\". In other words, ください is the imperative form of くださる, which is the honorific verb of くれる.) \n\nExamples:\n\n> 見ろ。-- ordering \"Look.\" -- casual form \n> 見なさい。-- ordering \"Look.\" -- polite form \n> 見てくれ。-- asking \"(Please) look.\" -- casual form \n> 見てください。-- asking \"Please look.\" -- polite form\n\nPractically:\n\n * しろ、見ろ etc. are pretty strong, often masculine, and sound a bit rough. \n * ～なさい sounds a bit softer than しろ、見ろ etc. but this would make you sound like a school teacher or a mother talking to children. Usually used by someone older/superior towards someone younger/inferior. (And I think it's also often said by police officers...) \n * ～てくれ sounds masculine and informal. Instead of しろ or ～てくれ, 「～て。」 is commonly used in daily conversation, especially by female speakers. Eg 見て。助けて。教えて。 You can also say 「～てくれる？」「～てくれない？」(\"Can you~~?\") to sound softer. \n * ～てください is politer than the others. If you want to sound even politer and formal, you could use 「～てくださいますか」「～てくださいませんか」(\"Could you please~~?\") etc.\n\n* * *\n\n> 「俺は日本語をちょっと話せますが、のみ簡単の物を話せますのですよ」 \n> \"I can talk a bit of Japanese but I can only talk simple stuff.\"\n\n * ～を話せる is acceptable but ～ **が** 話せる would be more natural. (since 話せる is a potential verb) \n * 簡単 is a na-adjective. 簡単の → 簡単 **な**\n * 簡単なもの → 簡単な **こと** (Use もの for physical things, こと for abstract things) \n * Place のみ / だけ _after_ 簡単なこと. (eg \"only coffee\" 「コーヒーだけ / コーヒーのみ」) \n * You don't need two polite markers in one verb phrase (×ます～です). 話せますのですよ → 話せるのですよ, 話せるんですよ or 話せますよ \n * しか話せない would be more natural than だけが話せる. (しか～ない ≂ only) \n\n> 俺/僕は日本語がちょっと話せますが、簡単なことしか話せないのですよ。/ 話せないんですよ。\n\nKeep up! :)",
"comment_count": 7,
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| 39204 | 39205 | 39205 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39209",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From 銀河鉄道の夜（宮沢賢治）\n\n「 さあ 」 ジョバンニ は 困って 、 もじもじ して い ましたら 、 カムパネルラ は わけ も ない と いう ふうで 、 小さな ねずみいろ の\n切符 を 出し ました\n\n「わけもないというふうで」What does this mean in the above context? Is カムパネルラ \"acting as if\nthere's no reason to be concerned\"? What is the nuance being conveyed in this\ninteraction?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-15T19:42:42.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39208",
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"owner_user_id": "13569",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "「わけもないというふうで」What is the nuance being conveyed in this context?",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "<http://reception.aozora.gr.jp/aozora/cards/000081/files/456_146.html>\n\nわけもない -- this expression used to be much more common -- esp. in books for\nyoung readers.\n\nIt means [ Very easy to do ] -- \"as if it was the easiest thing\" (in the\nworld)\n\nit's no trick to ...\n\n> <https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%82%E7%84%A1%E3%81%84-664927>\n>\n> 訳も無い ワケモナイ わけもない\n>\n> ① たやすい。容易だ。訳はない。 「これくらいは－・いことだ」\n>\n> ② 理由がない。 「 － ・く涙がこぼれた」",
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| 39208 | 39209 | 39209 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39215",
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"body": "Particularly I was looking at how I might express the idea of \"asian pop\nculture\" アジアの大衆文化 or 大陸の大衆文化. Having looked in the dictionary these two seem\nvalid ways of communicating \"asia\" but I was wondering if there was a nuance\ndifference?\n\nAlso, it occurred to me that writing about \"asian pop culture\" for a Japanese\nreader as I understand it might not make much sense, as I think in the English\nspeaking world in general, the whole gamut of chinese, korean, thai, taiwanese\nand japanese culture can be grouped together under something that is distinct\nand yet might appear absurd to insider, like implying that \"European Pop\nculture\" could lump Polish and British culture together etc. So I was\nwondering if there is a more appropriate way to communicate this concept to a\nJapanese person, or if just using \"pop culture of asia\" will get the idea\nacross for speaking in general terms.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T00:06:42.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39212",
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"owner_user_id": "12437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"culture"
],
"title": "What is the difference between アジア and 大陸?",
"view_count": 268
} | [
{
"body": "Many Japanese think ”大陸\" usually shows only China and Korea, while \"アジア\"\nincludes Thai, Taiwan, and Japan. So, if you want to write about all Asia, you\nshould use the word \"アジア\".\n\nMaybe, the concept of \"asian pop culture\" can convey your idea. But, it is\nalso true that this concept will ignore some area in Asia. I think whether\nappropriate or not depends on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T00:52:59.627",
"id": "39214",
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{
"body": "大陸 usually means \"continent\". For example, 南極大陸 means Antarctic Continent.\n\nSince Japan is an island country, 大陸 sometimes metaphorically refers to\nforeign (i.e., non-Japanese) countries, typically those in Asian Continent.\nBut such usage is very context-dependent. If you are discussing about Japanese\nhistory in the 5th century, you are safe to use 大陸 in that sense because\nvirtually everyone understands that Asia was the only continent Japanese\npeople were aware of in those days.\n\nBut if you say 大陸の大衆文化 referring to something in the 21st century, people\nwould simply get confused. Some may guess it refers to East Asian cultures,\nwhile others may imagine something totally different. Unless you intentionally\nwant vague expressions, use アジアの大衆文化. This generally includes Japan, China,\nKorea, Mongolia, Singapore, India and so on. Of course they look different at\nleast to me, but if you think you can discuss something meaningful using this\nterm, it's up to you.\n\nRegarding the difference between 大衆文化 and ポップカルチャー: At least in Japanese,\nポップカルチャー tends to refer to things consumed mainly by younger generations (such\nas pop music, _idols_ and anime), while 大衆文化 refers to wider range of things\nenjoyed by people of any generation (such as baseball, _shogi_ , samurai TV\ndramas)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-16T02:06:34.123",
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{
"body": "アジアの大衆文化 and 大陸の大衆文化 are different.\n\nThe former means pop culture prevalent throughout the Asian region. The latter\nmeans pop culture prevalent in the continent, namely China.\n\nI don’t think we can lump Korean pop culture together with the 大陸の大衆文化,\nbecause the history, mindset, lifestyle of people, and culture of the\ncontinent and peninsular are very different.\n\nEven Taiwanese distiguish their culture from the Continent (Chinese mainland)\nculture.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 39212 | 39215 | 39215 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39216",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm not really getting the meaning of this. Is it \"At this point getting\nsuspected is not even scary\"?\n\n> 今更、咎められることなんて恐ろしくもない。\n\nI would be grateful if someone could help me :]",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T00:24:57.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39213",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-16T02:21:14.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "17899",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"adjectives",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Could you help me translate this sentence? < 今更、咎められることなんて恐ろしくもない。>",
"view_count": 234
} | [
{
"body": "> 今更、咎められることなんて恐ろしくもない。\n>\n> \"At this point, getting suspected is not even scary.\"\n\nThat's good. It may even be perfect.\n\n今更、<-- maybe because this person has been accused before ?\n\n恐ろしくない === I'm not afraid of ...\n\n恐ろしくもない === I'm not even afraid of ... (も for emphasis)\n\nA better translation may be [... the thought of being accused doesn't make me\nafraid in the least.]\n\nOr maybe she's already being (or starting to be) accused, in which case:\n\n> After what I've been through, being accused means nothing.\n\n... doesn't scare me none.",
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]
| 39213 | 39216 | 39216 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39240",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Context: a man has just declared his love for a woman in a really sentimental\nway. Two of his male friends comment as it follows:\n\n> Friend A: なんつーベタな... \n> Friend B: 昭和\n\nI think it could be translated like: \"How mawkish\" \"Yeah, old-fashioned\". Do\nyou agree? In general, is the Shōwa period considered as a time when things\nwere more sentimental? Thanks for your help!\n\nEDIT: More context here: <https://i.stack.imgur.com/9DM21.jpg>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T06:26:47.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39217",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-21T01:08:16.410",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-16T08:19:11.070",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Can 昭和 mean \"old-fashioned\"?",
"view_count": 801
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, I have heard 「昭和が染み付いているのよ」 in さばドル which meant that main heroine is old-\nfashioned.\n\nYou can find more about this meaning of 「昭和」 here:\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1424684554>",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-16T07:23:07.713",
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"body": "I agree with your idea. The word 昭和 refers to the _Shōwa_ period 1926–1989.\n(The name of the current period is 平成 _Heisei_ ).\n\n昭和 can also mean \"old-fashioned\" or \"uncool\", \"unsophisticated\". It can be\nused both in a positive and in a negative sense. The negative sense being\n\"old-fashioned\", but the positive referring to \"having a historic background\".\n\nDuring the _Shōwa_ period the Japanese experienced 高度経済成長期 (period of high\neconomic growth) and a bubble economy. Even though Japan was defeated in WWII,\nduring the 高度経済成長期 most Japanese say that this period should no longer be\ntermed \"post-war\".\n\nThe economic expansion helped to restore Japanese pride which had been lost\nduring the war. During the bubble economy, people were using money as if it\nwere water. The Japanese always think back to this time and many Japanese\nmiddle-aged people might think that \"Things were better in the good ol' days\".",
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"body": "Being 27 years since 昭和 was gone, it's safe to say that the word comes to be a\nsynonym of \"good old days\" to the most of people. Actually, I never witnessed\nthe real 昭和 because it was already 平成 when I was born .\n\nTechnically 昭和 encompasses a quite long duration December 25, 1926--January 7,\n1989, what people nowadays imagine through this word is the atmosphere of 60s\nto 80s; i.e. roughly when your mom and dad were young.\n\n> _In general, is the Shōwa period considered as a time when things were more\n> sentimental?_\n\nNot particularly. In fact, I can't name what specifically Friend B describes\nto be 昭和-ish from this context. It may refer to his attitude being so pure-\nhearted, or this situation is so typical in drama at that time. The only thing\nI know for sure is the character wants to tell something is \"anachronistic\" or\n\"so rarely seen these years\".\n\n* * *\n\n**PS**\n\nAs already pointed out, ベタ means \"(a pattern or solution is) fixed and\nrepeatedly used\", so this 「なんつーベタな…」 should be translated like \"What a\nclassic...\" or some ways.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-17T04:44:13.297",
"id": "39240",
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"body": "As I’m ignorant of the original story, I cannot tell what the friend B.\nexactly meant by the word, “昭和” here.\n\nBut I think the word, “昭和” is often taken romantically as a nostalgia to those\nwho think fondly of the era (from 1926 to 1988) today, and sometimes\nantiquated, and perhaps “mawkish” to those who were born in 平成 era.\n\nStill for many people it would be the analogous sensation to that those who\nlived Meiji, Taisho, and Showa era embraced to “明治” as Nakamura Kusatao (1901\n-1983), a distinguished Haiku poet exquisitely sang in his famous Haiku – 降る雪や\n明治は遠くなりにけり – Amidst the snow falling heavily, Meiji has gone far away.\n\nI was born in the year of Showa 8th (1933), I’ve never seen “昭和” mawkishly. It\nwas exactly the time of Sturm und Drang, when we didn’t have a time to be\n\"mawkish\" nor passive. We lost the W.W. II. We worked very hard. We recovered\nto be called “Japan as Number one” as Ezra Vogel described, and we are here as\njust an ordinary country now .",
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| 39217 | 39240 | 39240 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39222",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "何 means what and can be conjugated with か to mean something (何か要る : I need\nsomething) with も to mean everything/nothing (何も知らない : know nothing) and with\nでも to mean anything ( 何でもいい : anything is fine). Now what if I conjugate\nどれ(means which) in the same way as 何 with か も でも to mean one from a lot of\nchoices, all/none of the choices, one but any of the choices. Actually I'm\nconfused with the real definition of those. So what is the exact meaning of\nどれか,どれも,どれでも specifically and with examples please. The か there is not asking\n\"which one?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T08:47:40.223",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 何 and どれ?",
"view_count": 1644
} | [
{
"body": "I'm Japanese. I try to help you. (My English is not good,so i explain\nbriefly.)\n\n何 is used when choices aren't shown.\n\nどれ is used when choices are shown.\n\nBut,何 can be used when choices are shown.\n\n(1)何\n\nEnglish\n\n> A:I will go shopping. Do you need anything?\n>\n> B:Then,buy some apples for me.\n\nJapanese\n\n> A:買い物に行ってくるね。何か要る？\n>\n> B:じゃあリンゴを買ってきて。\n\n(2)どれ\n\nEnglish\n\n> A:I'm back. I bought various things.\n>\n> B:What did you buy?\n>\n> (A show B what A bought.)\n>\n> A:Apples,Bananas,strawberries and grapes. Do you want anything?\n>\n> B:Then,an apple please.\n\nJapanese\n\n> A:ただいま。 色々なものを買ってきたよ。\n>\n> B：何を買ったの？\n>\n> （AはBに買ったものを見せる）\n>\n> A:リンゴとバナナとイチゴとブドウだよ。どれかいる？\n>\n> B:じゃあリンゴをもらおうかな。",
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"body": "The user17907's answer gives great examples, so I briefly show you the\nmeanings of each phrase:\n\n**どれか** : one/some of the choices (with no preference) ex:\n\n> あなたは本をたくさん持っていますね。どれか貸してください。\n>\n> You have a number of books. Would you lend me one of them?\n\n**どれも** : each of stuffs. everything.\n\n> この店の果物はどれも新鮮だ。\n>\n> All the fruits they sell are fresh.\n\n**どれでも** : all of the choices.\n\n> 本を貸して。どれでもいいよ。\n>\n> Please lend me one of your books. Anything will do.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-16T16:22:59.540",
"id": "39222",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 39219 | 39222 | 39222 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39224",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know what もなほ here means and what it exactly did to the\nphrase? I came across it twice and stuck with it, because I don't actually\nknow if it's verb or noun or even adverb.\n\nThe other phrase was like this:\n\n> 闇もなほ、",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T17:12:34.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39223",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-17T05:58:15.320",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-17T05:58:15.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "16011",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "（花よりもなほ) What does もなほ mean here?",
"view_count": 207
} | [
{
"body": "The first phrase 花よりもなほ can be split into 3 words: 花-よりも-なほ. Its meaning is\n\"more ... than flowers.\"\n\nなほ seems to be an old representation of the word that is written \"なお\" today\n(which is an adverb). なお is for emphasis in this phrase. なお can typically be\nused to emphasize comparisons.\n\nIn the second phrase 闇もなほ, なほ seems to be also an emphasis. Its meanings is\nlike either \"Darkness is also ...\" or \"Darkness is more ...\", depending on\ncontext. In the latter case なほ derives a slight feeling of comparison by\nitself.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-16T17:38:31.780",
"id": "39224",
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"score": 3
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| 39223 | 39224 | 39224 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39241",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I read different books and anyone has a different explanation. \nSome of them say:\n\n> It does not have a gramamar role and native speakers only know that\n> something about that is going to be said after it. The real grammar role is\n> done by the 0 pronoun.\n>\n> It is the subject and sometimes it can become the object.\n>\n> It is what you are going to comment about and it has no grammar role.\n\nSo, I still struggle with this. \nI think I somehow understand when to use が or when to use は, but I have\ntrouble when I find it in long sentences or in the middle of them.\n\nI understand why it cannot be used in a relative clause, and it makes sense to\nme, but when I find it in the middle or at the beginning of a long sentence I\nam not sure how to look at it and I get confused.\n\nIn some books I found sentences like:\n\n私は[町に行く]人々に会った。 So it is part of the sentence. \n[私は][町に行く人々に会った] So は is not part of the sentence.\n\nSomewhere I read that I should simply look at what is marked by は as if it\nwere connected to the main verb (so the last verb in the sentence). \nIs this correct?\n\nWhich is the correct explanation?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T19:19:52.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39226",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "は topic particle. What does it mean?",
"view_count": 928
} | [
{
"body": "This article might help you:\n<http://www.nkc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/study_info/study_info01_04_j.html>\n\nI believe は has a grammatical role, as it can make a subject or an object, you\nknow.\n\n> Somewhere I read that I should simply look at what is marked by は as if it\n> were connected to the main verb (so the last verb in the sentence).\n\nI think this is almost correct, because a topic is what you really want to\nfocus in a sentence and it is often said by the main verb of a whole sentence.\n\nSo when you find は at the beginning of a long sentence, mark it as the topic.\nIts grammatical role (subject/object) is determined by checking the rest of\nthe sentence. Examples:\n\n> 日本は去年結婚した私の息子が住んでいる国だ。\n>\n> Japan is the country where my son who married last year is living.\n\nIn the above sentence, the topic is Japan. So the speaker's intent is to tell\nlisteners additional information about Japan rather than information about his\nson.\n\nGrammatically, the rest of the sentence [去年結婚した私の息子が住んでいる国だ] is a verb phrase\n([去年結婚した私の息子が住んでいる] modifies [国だ]) and it does not require an object, so Japan\nbecomes a subject.\n\n> 数学は山田先生が教えている。\n>\n> Mr. Yamada teaches mathematics.\n\nIn this example, the topic is mathematics. So the interest of listeners is who\nteaches mathematics, not what Mr. Yamada does.\n\nGrammatically this は makes an object since the verb phrase [山田先生が教えている] needs\nan object.\n\nNote that the case exists that は is neither a subject nor an object:\n\n> 象は鼻が長い。\n>\n> Elephants have a long trunk.\n\nIn the above sentence, the verb is [長い]. It doesn't take an object, so [象は] is\nnot an object. [象は] is neither a subject because if [象は] was a subject, the\nmeaning would be like \"Elephants are long.\"\n\nThere is a discussion among Japanese about this kind of sentences. 三上章 (Mikami\nAkira) persists that it has no subject.\n\nNext, if you find find は at the middle of sentence, it can usually be moved to\nthe top of sentence without changing its meaning unless it is contained in a\nrelative clause. So you shouldn't be so scared; it is just indicating a topic\ntoo.\n\n> 目まぐるしい人工知能の進歩により将棋は人間の手が届かないものになってしまった。\n>\n> The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has made Shogi what the\n> human cannot reach.\n\nThe topic of this sentence is Shogi, which is a subject here. Its meaning the\nsame as [将棋は目まぐるしい人工知能の進歩により人間の手が届かないものになってしまった。], tough the former is a bit\nmore natural to me.\n\nHope my answer is your help.\n\n# Edit (in response to the first comment)\n\n> what if I find first a には、では、とは or even にとっては、に対しては、によっては、 and after that a\n> normal は?\n\nYou know, は has major two meanings: one is a topic maker we are discussing\nhere, and the other is a contrastive particle.\n\nIf you find two は-s in one sentence, it is unlikely that more than one は-s are\ntopic makers. This is because it is quite unnatural that a sentence has more\nthan one topics.\n\n> 実際には質問の文はなくてもかまいません\n>\n> Actually, the sentence in question can be omitted.\n\nIn this sentence, the first は in には is for contrast; the writer says that\n\"Actually the sentence can be omitted _though it isn't here_.\" the second は is\na topic maker.\n\nI think particle+は is very much likely to be contrast rather than a topic. I\ncouldn't find any example in which particle+は is a topic maker.\n\nSo it is usually OK to take such words as contrastive ones.\n\nThe same applies to words like に対しては, によっては and others:\n\n> やり方によっては彼は勝てるかもしれない。\n>\n> He might have a chance to win in some way. ( _by some particular method, not\n> by the others_ )\n\nContrastive は is sometimes close to emphasis. In such cases は restricts the\nmeaning of sentence into a particular region as in the sentence below:\n\n> その子は勉強が得意だが、数学者としては未熟だ。\n>\n> The boy is good at studying, but he is still inexperienced as a\n> mathematician.\n\nIn this sentence, は emphasizes the phrase [数学者として] by separating\nmathematicians and all the others. So the sentence implies that the speaker\ndoes not do any evaluation on the boy out of the domain of mathematicians.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"body": "は usually indicates the topic of the sentence. \nThe topic of the sentence is what the sentence is talking about, which is not\nnecessarily the subject. \nLet's see an example:\n\nコーヒーは毎日飲んでいます。kōhī wa mainichi nonde imasu. \nSpeaking of coffee, I drink it every day.\n\nWhen I say \"コーヒーは\", it means that I am going to talk about coffee. \nAs long as I don't change the topic, all subsequent sentences will all be\nabout coffee. But coffee may not necessarily be the subject of the sentence.\n\nSpeaking of coffee, \nI drink it every day \nI love it, \nI think it is delicious.\n\n> コーヒーは (kōhī wa) \n> 毎日飲んでいますし、 (mainichi nonde imasu shi) \n> 大好きだし、 (dai suki da shi) \n> とても美味しいと思います。 (totemo oshii to omoimasu)\n\nCoffee is not the subject of the sentence. But all sentences after コーヒーは talk\nabout coffee. Coffee is the topic of the sentences. \nThe subject is the pronoun \"I\" which can be omitted because it is obvious who\nthe subject is.\n\nAnother example:\n\nSpeaking of Mr. Tanaka, \nhis house is tiny \nbut his dog is enormous. \n\n> 田中さんは (Tanaka san wa) \n> 家がとても小さいけど、 (uchi ga totemo chiisai kedo) \n> 犬が凄く大きい。 (inu ga sugoku ookii)\n\nMr. Tanaka is neither the subject nor object of the sentences. But we are\ntalking about his house and his dog, so he is the topic of the sentences. \nThe particle は has nothing to do with the subject or object of the sentence.\n\nBoth sentences below are acceptable: \n\n> 田中さんの犬が大きい。(Tanaka san no inu ga ookii) Mr. Tanaka's dog is big. \n> 田中さんは犬が大きい。 (Tanaka san wa inu ga ookii) Speaking of Mr. Tanaka, his dog is\n> big.\n\n<http://hcm9999.blogspot.jp/2015/09/what-is-difference-between-and.html>",
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"creation_date": "2016-10-13T10:14:44.580",
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| 39226 | 39241 | 39241 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39228",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am currently reviewing all of my high school math classes, but doing it in\nJapanese instead, so I found some websites that are meant to help Japanese\nhigh school students in math. Through this method I have been able to learn\nsome math-specific words but the reading for equations like y = x + 2 are not\ngiven. This equation is quite simple and a quick search on Google led to my\nanswer, but what about something like this: _f_ (x) = 3x2 + 4x - 12, or\nderivatives and integrals.\n\nI don't think that it is efficient to write down every equation I can't read\nin Japanese, so my question is:\n\nIs there a general method I can use to read most equations?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T19:25:25.197",
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"id": "39227",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"readings",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "Math in Japanese",
"view_count": 528
} | [
{
"body": "> _f_ (x) = 3x2 + 4x - 12 （ f(x) = 3x^2 + 4x - 12 ）\n\nI think the following page can answer most of your questions.\n\n<http://izumi-math.jp/sanae/report/suusiki/suusiki.htm>\n\n```\n\n y=f(x) y イコール f x\n y イコール f かっこ x （かっこ） \n \n aⁿ （a^n） aのn乗 [e.g. 2乗]\n \n```\n\nThis page doesn't have 足す and 引く, but you prob. already know those. — 「 いち 足す\nに は、さん。」\n\n**y = 3x 2** （y=3x^2） → 「 y は、 さん エックス 二乗 」\n\n> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12122015672>\n>\n> x^2 + ( y - x^(2/3) )^2 = 1\n>\n> これなんて読みますか？\n>\n> エックスの二乗 プラス カッコ ワイ マイナス 三乗根 エックスの二乗 カッコ閉じて その二乗 イコール 一 かな？\n\nI like the 2nd answer slightly better:\n\n> x２乗 プラス かっこ y マイナス エックスの３分の２乗 かっこ閉じるの ２乗 イコール １\n\nRelated page from 3 years ago : [How do you read simple arithmetic equations\nin Japanese?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12545/how-do-you-\nread-simple-arithmetic-equations-in-japanese)",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-16T19:50:13.980",
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| 39227 | 39228 | 39228 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39236",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I came across this in a doujinshi I was reading; the context was two people\nwere discussing another character and basically it lead to a question asking\nif one of them was fine with 愛想薄い, in terms of personality, in exchange for a\nnice body.\n\n[I asked this on\nreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/4qp8nt/translation_help_%E6%84%9B%E6%83%B3%E8%96%84%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B/)\nsome time ago and I did receive an answer from a native speaker but I only got\n3 answers so I figured I'd try asking on here to just make sure what they said\nwas correct or if anyone else might have any other possible explanation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T21:47:31.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39230",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-29T17:37:34.173",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-29T17:37:34.173",
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"owner_user_id": "17915",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does 愛想薄い mean?",
"view_count": 328
} | [
{
"body": "I was able to find [one\nquestion](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13161759943)\nusing it. I'm guessing it's similar to\n[無愛想｛ぶあいそ｝](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%B8%8D%E6%84%9B%E6%83%B3) the\nopposite of [\"friendliness\" or\n\"sociability\"](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E6%84%9B%E6%83%B3) or that their\nfriendliness isn't very obvious as in 薄い{うすい} (light/faint).\n\nSee other uses of\n\n存在感｛そんざいかん｝が薄い人 - someone that has no presence",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-16T23:06:26.673",
"id": "39231",
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{
"body": "We say \"人情が篤い, 薄い- warm / cold at heart\" quite often, but I've never heard of\nthe expression, \"愛想薄い.\" It sounds awkward. If this expression is allowed,\n\"愛想厚い\" or \"愛想濃い,\" both sound more awkward, should be accepted as an antonym to\n\"愛想薄い.\"\n\nWhen we describe the person who is surly, unfriendly, or blunt, we say (he or\nshe is) \"愛想が悪い, 愛想がない, or 不愛想な(人).\"\n\nWe call an extremely blunt person \"愛想も\"へったくれも\"ない人.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T23:57:38.690",
"id": "39236",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-17T22:47:24.037",
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},
{
"body": "愛想薄い -- I was unfamiliar with it, but it's such a great word, I wonder why\nit's not more common.\n\n愛想薄い is used when a person is wooden, or robot-like, or unresponsive... ---\nand isn't so unfriendly (impolite) as to be described as: 無愛想, 不愛想, 愛想が悪い,\n愛想がない...\n\nOn the net, it's mostly used to describe shop-clerks (店員) and dogs.\n\n * (店員) コンビニバイト -- 表情硬い人・愛想薄い人も合格できますか？\n\n * (talking about a dog (?)) うちのシヴァも家族には愛想薄いくせに他人はえらい熱烈歓迎してたな…",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T01:17:16.870",
"id": "39237",
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| 39230 | 39236 | 39236 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39234",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wanted to say \"Tonight I ate pizza and french fries.\"\n\nMy attempt was 「今夜私はピザとフラドポテトを食べた。」\n\nI'm unsure of a few things (I'm early in my learning of Japanese). I'm unsure\nif I correctly used the verb 「食べる」, and the particles 「は」and 「を」. And was\nusing 「と」 correct for \"and,\" since it was linking two nouns?\n\nWould my translation be a natural way to say my statement?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T23:37:36.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39233",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-16T23:43:00.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Did I correctly express what I ate for dinner?",
"view_count": 735
} | [
{
"body": "Looks fine to me, french fries is spelled フラ **イ** ドポテト. Don't forget the イ\n:).\n\n[Time-word, subject は object を verb] is a perfectly good sentence structure\nand と is great to join two nouns that form the object!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-16T23:43:00.890",
"id": "39234",
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}
]
| 39233 | 39234 | 39234 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39239",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Many textbooks list \"ええ\" as the casual form of \"yes\" or \"はい\", but I only\nseldom hear this expression. Is \"ええ\" really all that common, and if not, how\ndo people typically give affirmative responses to questions in casual\nsituations?\n\nFor example, how would you casually affirm the following:\n\nCase 1:\n\n> 1. **今日部活ないの？**\n>\n\n>\n> You don't have club activities today?\n>\n> 2. **（ ）**\n>\n\n>\n> **No.** The tennis court is still wet from the rain so we can't practice.\n\nCase 2:\n\n> 1. **なにか部活入ってる？**\n>\n\n>\n> Are you in any clubs?\n>\n> 2. **（ ）**\n>\n\n>\n> **Yup.** I'm on the tennis team.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-17T02:19:42.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39238",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-15T14:03:31.423",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "How to express \"yes\" casually in Japanese",
"view_count": 1170
} | [
{
"body": "If you are asked by your familiar people(ex.friends/families), use うん in both\ncases.\n\nIf you are asked by senior people, elder people and acquaintance(not very\nclose friends?), use はい in both cases.\n\nI think both cases are asked by friends, so using うん is good.\n\nI've never seen people use ええ in ordinary conversation.\n\nbut I've seen it in Anime.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T03:06:57.830",
"id": "39239",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "39238",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 39238 | 39239 | 39239 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39247",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been coming across this weird verb conjugation that seems to happen in\nsome verbs, where you replace る with える, e.g. 見る → 見える。\n\nIs this a different verb form, how does it change the meaning of the verb?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T06:23:25.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39242",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-17T18:02:40.247",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-17T18:02:40.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 見る and 見える?",
"view_count": 7167
} | [
{
"body": "見る and 見える are separate verbs in the present Japanese language.\n\nYou know, 見る is to look at.\n\n見える has a couple of meanings; they also apply to other verbs like 聞こえる, 思える,\netc.\n\n 1. possibility.\n\n> ここから東京スカイツリーが見える。\n>\n> We can see the Tokyo Sky Tree here.\n\n 2. occurring unintentionally.\n\n> ちょっと見えただけなんだ。君のスカートの中を見ようとしたわけじゃないよ。\n>\n> It merely jumped into my sight; I was never trying to see what's in your\n> skirt.\n\n 3. to seem.\n\n> 彼はこの時間をとても楽しんでいるように見える。\n>\n> He seems to be having a really good time.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-17T12:22:57.410",
"id": "39247",
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"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "39242",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 39242 | 39247 | 39247 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, there is a past future tense in sentences like \"I was going to go\nhome.\" I was wondering if Japanese had something like that.\n\n> 私は東京に行くことになった。\n\nThis sentence seems to be something like \"I became something that was going to\ngo to Tokyo.\" However, is it possible to indicate \"was going to go to\" without\nthe なった? For example, can 私は東京に行く mean \"I was going to go to Tokyo\"? At first,\nI thought no, but then I thought of Japanese literature that uses the\nhistorical present, which confused me. As an example, I tried writing how I\nthought Japanese literature would be written.\n\n> Alice had a headache. She wasn't going to go to Tokyo. I brought medicine.\n>\n> アリスは頭が痛かった。彼女は東京に行かない。私は薬を持ってきた。\n\nWouldn't 彼女は東京に行かない be \"she wasn't going to go to Tokyo\"? In addition, if I\nwrote, \"she wasn't going to go to Tokyo, so I brought medicine\" and\n彼女は東京に行かないから私は薬を持ってきた it still seems to work.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T08:17:04.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39243",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T23:04:22.837",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Does Japanese have a past future tense?",
"view_count": 369
} | [
{
"body": "```\n\n (行くつもりだった and 行く予定だった are both good.)\n \n```\n\nOne way to say \"I was going to go to Tokyo.\" is:\n\n東京に行くことになっていた。\n\nBoth versions above work for 1. (still going), and 2. (no longer going) cases,\ni think.\n\n*** One diff. is that \"I was going to go to Tokyo.\" can be used to mean. [I\njust got the notice; I was going to go to Tokyo after all.] But the Jp ver.\ncan't be used that way. Maybe, but not in the same way.\n\n> <http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/24asupekuto.html> --\n> いやあ、ちょうど今、お届けにあがろうと思っていたところですよ。\n\nHello, I was going to bring it to you just now. \nHello, I was going to go bring it to you just now. \nHello, I was going to come by to bring it over to you just now. \n.......... I was just now thinking I should .... \n.......... I was just now thinking I would ....\n\n> A had a headache. She wasn't going to go to Tokyo.\n\n*** This is the aforementioned [ (((Reason))) ; A wasn't going to go to Tokyo\n(after all).] pattern\n\n（西村京太郎ふうに）\n\nＡは頭痛を感じた。東京には行けなくなった。\n\n頭がズキズキしてきた。東京には行けない。\n\n後頭部に激しい痛み。東京行きは、なくなった。\n\n<http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/23tensu.html> <-- I can't find anything\nrelevant in the Tense chapter.\n\n* * *\n\n... ことになっている。 can also be used for rules or conventions.\n\n彼はここに来ることになっている。 plan, schedule, (past decision)\n\nWith that said, i'd say : that the correspondence has been well-established\nbetween [ ... was going to ...] and ことになっていた。\n\nSee:\n\n * oshiete.goo.ne.jp › 学問・教育 › 英語 2014/12/21 - ... I was going to go . . . 行くことになっていた（行くことが決まっていた） ...\n\n * ttps://basictravelenglish.wordpress.com/... ... I was going to make grilled lobster. （ロブスターを網揚げにしようと思っていたの。） ※「was going to」は「〜しようとしていた／〜するつもりだった」という意味。 ------ Ooops, wrong sample.\n\n * 付加疑問文の使い方と例文（練習問題あり） study.pink/tagquestion.html ------- ① ：「することになっていた」だから、' was going to ' ですね。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T16:10:44.063",
"id": "39255",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T23:04:22.837",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-22T23:04:22.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
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"score": 1
}
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| 39243 | null | 39255 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39246",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Baked pastries 焼菓子【やきがし】 encompass a wide array of items. What are some ways\nto count some of them? As one might in a request.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T08:55:55.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39244",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-17T10:41:17.863",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-17T10:41:17.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "17763",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"counters",
"food"
],
"title": "What counter should be used for baked pastries? 焼菓子は何で数えますか?",
"view_count": 398
} | [
{
"body": "This calls for the 数え方の辞典\n\n> **やきがし** 【焼き菓子】\n>\n> **枚【まい】、個、本、台** \n>\n> クッキーやビスケットなど切り分けずに食べる平面的な焼き菓子は「枚」、マドレーヌやカップケーキは「個」で数えます。パウンドケーキは「本」、焼き型で丸く焼き上げたスポンジケーキは「個」「台」で数えます。\n>\n> **切れ、ピース** \n> 切り分けた焼き菓子は「切れ」「ピース」、それを小売りする場合は「個」などで数えます。\n\nA rough translation is\n\n> ### _yakigashi_\n>\n> _**mai**_ , _**ko**_ , _**hon**_ , _**dai**_ \n> Flat _yakigashi_ eaten without cutting like cookies, biscuits, etc. are\n> counted with _mai_ , madeleines, cupcakes, etc. with _ko_. Pound cakes are\n> counted with _hon_ , sponge cakes that are baked in a round pan with _ko_ or\n> _dai_.\n>\n> _**kire**_ , _**pīsu**_ \n> Cut _yakigashi_ are counted with _kire_ or _pīsu_ and when sold with _ko_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T10:14:13.360",
"id": "39246",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
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| 39244 | 39246 | 39246 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 行動に理由ができる。\n\nIs it like: \" I will find my reasons in my actions\" ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T14:41:26.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39250",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-22T04:29:54.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "What does this mean? 行動に理由ができる",
"view_count": 104
} | [
{
"body": "Without any context, it literally just means \"A reason is made for acting\".\n\nDepending on the context, yes, it can mean \"I find a reason for doing so\" or\nsomething like this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T04:29:54.037",
"id": "39382",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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| 39250 | null | 39382 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39253",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "丸尾 is assertively ensuring that his teacher remembers his name. The teacher\nreplies:\n\n> そんだけ売りこめば忘れたくても忘れないよ。 \n> If you sell yourself (arrogantly?) I won't forget even if I wanted to.\n\nIm guessing that そんだけ derives from そんだい. If so what is the grammar? How would\nit differ from そんだいに?\n\n**Edit:** just realised that this guess is probably nonsense because there\nwould be no reason to remove the い. Nonetheless, I still don't understand what\nそんだけ means in this context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T15:06:49.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39251",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-18T09:56:00.627",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-18T09:56:00.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Meaning of そんだけ in this context",
"view_count": 213
} | [
{
"body": "それだけ(soredake)：So much \n↓ \nOmission of the pronunciation \n↓ \nそんだけ(sondake)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T15:29:44.577",
"id": "39253",
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| 39251 | 39253 | 39253 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39258",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to \"A dictionary of basic Japanese grammar\" pg. 389 (on the choice\nbetween に and を particles with causative form)\n\n> When _ni_ is used, the causee has taken an action _intentionally_.\n\nI have trouble understanding that, as they give an example of\n\n> 父は私 **を** (not に) むりやりパーティーへ行かせた。\n\nSupposedly に is ungrammatical in this situation as the subject did not intend\nto go to the party. But aren't the vast majority of cases where you want to\nmake someone do sth. involuntary? At the same time, in the Genki II textbook\n(second ed. pg. 234-236) there are examples of sentences using \"に\" where it is\nimplied that a person made someone do sth. against their intention, like\n\n> お母さんは子供に本を読ませました\n\nSo my question is what are the actual rules of using に with causative verbs.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T17:37:08.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39256",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-17T18:55:08.750",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-17T17:44:17.307",
"last_editor_user_id": "11958",
"owner_user_id": "11958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"verbs",
"particle-に",
"particle-を",
"causation"
],
"title": "Causative form and willingness of the cast",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "Your book quote is specifically for intransitve verbs. Page 390 of the same\nbook says:\n\n> If the main verb is transitive, the causee can only be marked by ni.\n\nIn your example お母さんは子供に本を読ませました the verb 読む is transitive.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-17T18:55:08.750",
"id": "39258",
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}
]
| 39256 | 39258 | 39258 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference in meaning between these sentences?\n\n> どちらか片方 **が** 罪を背負った方が良い。\n\nand\n\n> どちらか片方 **でも** 罪を背負った方が良い。\n\nI thought their meaning was the same, but I get the feeling it's not because\nof the particles.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T19:51:54.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39260",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-17T20:58:44.090",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-17T20:24:49.737",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17926",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-が",
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "Difference between が and でも in this sentence",
"view_count": 465
} | [
{
"body": "These two have a major difference in meanings.\n\n> どちらか片方 **が** 罪を背負った方が良い。\n>\n> **Either** of two should bear the sin.\n>\n> どちらか片方 **でも** 罪を背負った方が良い。\n>\n> **At least one** of the two should bear the sin.\n\nThe latter sentence is very close to the sentence below:\n\n> どちらか片方 **だけでも** 罪を背負ったほうが良い。\n\nAnd the following dictionary entry (quoted from デジタル大辞林) the best applies to\nでも in the latter sentence:\n\n> ［係助］《断定の助動詞「だ」の連用形＋係助詞「も」から》名詞または名詞に準じる語、助詞に付く。\n>\n> 物事の一部分を挙げて、他の場合はまして、ということを類推させる意を表す。…でさえ。「子供―できる」「昼前―気温が三〇度ある」\n\nSo it implies that the best choice is both bear the sin, but only one person\nis still better than no one bears.\n\nRegarding the former sentence, both is not allowed as its subject is clearly\n片方.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-17T20:58:44.090",
"id": "39261",
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"score": 1
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| 39260 | null | 39261 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know they both mean \"I can swim\". But when using the potential form of a\nverb is there nuanced difference between -emasu/raremasu and koto ga dekimasu\nor are they completely interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-17T23:00:50.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39262",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-18T03:29:06.210",
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"owner_user_id": "16223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What's the difference between oyogemasu and oyogu koto ga dekimasu?",
"view_count": 841
} | [
{
"body": "Same and interchangeable.\n\n * この植物は食べられる＝この植物は食べることが出来る\n * 私は泳げる＝私は泳ぐことができる\n * 富士山は東京から見れる＝富士山は東京から見ることが出来る。\n * 水は水素と酸素から作れる＝水は水素と酸素から作ることが出来る。\n * この服は家で洗える＝この服は家で洗う事が出来る。\n * 時間があるので今話せる＝時間があるので今話す事が出来る。\n\nWould like to know if there is an example which cannot be interchangeable.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T03:20:16.973",
"id": "39267",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-18T03:20:16.973",
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{
"body": "Almost no difference.\n\nOne is more \"modular\" (& easier for learners) :\n\n> <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1115782476>\n>\n> 会話ではあまり使わないのに、なぜ外国人の日本語学習者に「ことができる」を先に教えるかというと、\n> それは活用の形がやさしくて、すぐに使えるようになるからです。\n>\n> どの動詞も、辞書形さえわかれば、「ことができる」はすぐに使えます。 それでじゅうぶん｢可能」の意味が通じます。\n\n[Would like to know if there is an example which cannot be interchangeable.]\n\nThis page (see link above) says that some passive forms are impossible with\nthe V~える form.\n\n> （例・親の愛情を知らない子どもは、大人になっても愛されることができない。・・・ 愛されられない、とは言えません）\n\nGreat point !",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T03:22:16.623",
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| 39262 | null | 39267 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39266",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that the normal possessive form is usually formed `subject+「の」+object`.\nThough, in one instance, I found `が` being used in `天は我が物`. I know that 「が」\ncan be used to express possession, though is there a certain way it can be\nused.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T01:29:16.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39264",
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"owner_user_id": "16147",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"particle-が",
"possession"
],
"title": "「が」vs「の」 with possessives",
"view_count": 1301
} | [
{
"body": "The possessive が is literary and archaic, and I don't think it's productive\nanymore. You'll rarely see it outside several fixed expressions such as:\n\n * [我]{わ}がＸ (e.g. 我が[家]{や}、我が子、我が国、我が道、我が命、我が物(にする)、我が物顔(で)...) \n * [我]{われ}らがX (e.g. 我らが母校、我らが祖国、我らがヒーロー) \n(Not 私がＸ or 私たちがＸ, since the が is literary but 私・私たち are not.)\n\n * 『君が代』 \n * Xがために (=Xのために) (e.g. [誰]{た}がために、これがために、～せんがために) \n * Xが如く (=Xの如く)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T03:05:35.700",
"id": "39265",
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{
"body": "が for possession was more common in old Japanese.\n\nBut it's rare today and it only remains in proverbs (e.g.\n[人間]{にんげん}[万事]{ばんじ}[塞翁]{さいおう}が[馬]{うま}) and other fixed phrases.\n\nOne exception is [我]{わ}が. Usages as follows is common today.\n\n * 我が社, 我が国, 我が母校, etc.\n * 我が物顔\n * [我]{わ}が[家]{や}\n\n我が is still old-fashioned has a bit arrogant nuance, so if someone is using 我が\nunlimitedly, I feel like he is playing a role of [魔王]{まおう}.\n\nI recommend you to use が for possession only in such fixed phrases.",
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}
]
| 39264 | 39266 | 39266 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've recently purchased a Windows computer and at the first time log in, it\ndisplays the following message:\n\n> たくさんの優れた機能をお楽しみください\n\nI wonder why 優れた is used in this case.\n\nShouldn't 優れる be the correct choice?\n\nWhat does it affect to the meaning of the sentence if I want to use 優れている?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T03:31:58.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39269",
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"owner_user_id": "1053",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference among 優れた機能 vs. 優れる機能 vs. 優れている",
"view_count": 127
} | []
| 39269 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39289",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Could you help me get the meaning of this sentence? In particular I don't get\nthe meaning of the second part. Context: a swordsman is forced to fight to a\ncommon person by his enemies, but he doesn't fight seriously because he\ndoesn't want to harm him. At the end, the enemies kill the common person and\nmake it look like the swordsman did it.\n\n> ここで追いつめられて斬ってしまえる程度なら、いっそ笑って見ていてやれるものを。\n\nMy attempt: \"If you're going to be cornered here and killed, I'd rather try to\nlaugh\" (?)\n\nMore context here: <https://i.stack.imgur.com/4ekPn.jpg> (I uploaded the page\nbefore and the page after too, so the page in question is the second one).\nThanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T04:52:17.007",
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"id": "39270",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "「X 程度なら、いっそ Y」 sentence meaning",
"view_count": 894
} | [
{
"body": "I think the important part is the sentence after what you quoted here.\n\n> (We had to do this) because you have your own belief\n\nwhich comes second in Japanese while in English, you start your sentence with\nthis part.\n\nSo, the part you quoted should be translated like:\n\n> We could've enjoyed watching your action if you were the type who would\n> simply kill him with the pressure we are giving you.\n\nHope this makes sense.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T06:24:00.837",
"id": "39272",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-18T06:36:54.550",
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{
"body": "```\n\n ( The previous answer helped me, Thanks! )\n \n```\n\n> ここで追いつめられて斬ってしまえる程度なら、いっそ笑って見ていてやれるものを。\n\n( It seems ... this [ 程度 ] is not the right word here. This anachronistic\nconstruction is a little too advanced for the author and editor, and many\nreaders. ) ( *** See below )\n\n> If you (the black haired hero) were the type who could slay the opponent\n> (the nervous, novice kid with the white hair), then we (the 2 malicious\n> Senpai's) would [rather] have just sat back and relished the spectacle.\n\n[next page]\n\n> But it's your half-assed principle and code (of conduct) that'll do you in.\n\n* * *\n\nいっそ -- ( one meaning is \"rather\" )\n\n>\n> [https://kotobank.jp/word/いっそ-434335](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9D-434335)\n> デジタル大辞泉 - いっその用語解説 - ［副］《「いっそう（一層）」の音変化という》１.\n> 中途半端な状態を排して思いきったことを選ぶときに用いる。とやかく言わないで。むしろ。 いっそのこと。「そんな絵なら いっそ掛けないほうがましだ」\n> ...........\n\nejje.weblio.jp/content/いっそ -- ( 都会暮らしがいやになってきた. いっそ郷里の村に帰ってみようか == I've got\nsick of city life. Shall we (take the plunge and) go back. )\n\nThis is the most common use. It's sightly different in the manga page.\n\n* * *\n\n.... ものを\n\n>\n> [https://kotobank.jp/word/ものを-646481](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%82%92-646481)\n> デジタル大辞泉 - ものを の用語解説 - ［接助］《「ものを」から》活用語の連体形に付く。１. 愚痴・恨み・不平・不満・反駁(はんばく)\n> などの気持ちを込めて、逆接の確定条件を表す。...\n\nejje.weblio.jp/content/ものを -- ( だまっていれば いいものを. == He should have kept silent.\n)\n\nだまっていれば いいものを. == If only you had kept silent. (\"If only you had kept your\nmouth shut.\")\n\n* * *\n\n( It seems ... this [ 程度 ] is not the right word here. This anachronistic\nconstruction is a little too advanced for the author and editor, and many\nreaders. ) ( *** See below )\n\nOk, i have a theory. i think the more fitting word タマ was first used, and the\neditor didn't think it appropriate for a PG-13 mangazine, because タマ is a\ngangster lingo, and has other adult overtones. The editor couldn't think of a\ngood replacement and got stuck with [ 程度 ] .\n\n不良・ヤクザ用語. 『タマ』\n\n> 「あいつはそんなタマじゃない」と言う時の「タマ」とは何ですか? - あざけり ...\n>\n> detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1339904918 \n> 奴』（やつ）と同じ意味です。ttp://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?enc=UTF-8&p=%E3%82 %BF... ...\n> 言葉の使い方 よく使われる「あの人はそんなタマじゃない」という言葉ですが",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T18:16:52.740",
"id": "39289",
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| 39270 | 39289 | 39272 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39309",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": ">\n> Eマウントはシステムが....と言っている人の考えが、なんとなくわかってきた。アダプタでAマウントいけるとはいっても、コントラストAFが更に遅くなるというわけで、まあAF\n> **などそれでいい** という考え方もあろうし、そうじゃない人もいるだろうし。まあ人それぞれか\n\nIs it something like : **\"it's ok even if it's ...\"** ?\n\nI would be grateful if someone could help me :]",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T06:03:19.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39271",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17899",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"particle-など"
],
"title": "What does などそれでいい mean?",
"view_count": 408
} | [
{
"body": "It makes better sense to translate everything starting with\n\n\"まあＡＦなど”\n\n\"Since it's only \"AF,\" some consider it is not big deal and therefore, it is\nfine, while others may say otherwise. I guess it depends.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T06:52:04.477",
"id": "39273",
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{
"body": "> camera.itmedia.co.jp/dc/articles/1009/14/news026.html (2010) -\n> 快適な撮影に欠かせないオートフォーカス。デジタルカメラでは主に「コントラストAF」「位相差AF」の2つの方式が用いられています。\n\n \n\n> 「それでいい」 <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/27289> ......... It is kind of\n> close to \"Way to go!\" in feeling.\n\nYes, when 天才バカボンのパパ [Tensai Bakabon no Papa] says それでいいのだ! , he means \"It's\nall good.\" (Life is good)\n\nHere, it's a bit different.\n\n> アダプタでAマウントいけるとはいっても、コントラストAFが更に遅くなるというわけで、まあAFなどそれでいいという考え方もあろうし\n\nContrast AF (Auto Focus) is going to be even slower, and, well, some may tend\nto think that (slow AF) is fine / alright / ok -- (that's tolerable).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T06:04:41.797",
"id": "39309",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
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{
"body": "> まあAFなどそれでいいという考え方もあろうし\n\n * など here is like [なんか/なんて](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=nado%3B%20nanka%3B%20nante), and is used to make light of AF.\n * それ refers to what is said previously in the sentence: The slow AF due to the use of the adapter.\n * ～でいい implies something is not the ideal option but is okay/acceptable. See [this](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/forum/viewtopic.php?id=2423).\n\nAll in all, \"AFなどそれでいい\" means \"AF is okay even with its slowness\", implying\n\"That's how AF is\" or \"You cannot expect much of AF in the first place\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T05:04:05.797",
"id": "39383",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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| 39271 | 39309 | 39383 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39275",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Someone asked me:\n\n> どんな本を使っ **て** 日本語を勉強していますか\n\nI'm confused about the て-form here. The only sensible translation I can think\nof is:\n\n> What kind of books do you use (in order) to study Japanese\n\nI've not come across て-form to indicate purpose before. Is this common? How\ndoes it differ from のに?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T07:17:30.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39274",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Using て-form to indicate purpose",
"view_count": 271
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation is perfect, but I think て is not indicating purpose. It\nrather means method.\n\nMore verbatim translation is:\n\n> **By** using what kind of books do you study Japanese?\n\n\" **By** \" at the top of the sentence comes from て-form.\n\nRelated dictionary entry (quoted from デジタル大辞泉):\n\n>\n> ［接助］活用語の連用形に付く。ガ・ナ・バ・マ行の五段活用動詞の音便形に付く場合は「で」となる。形容詞、形容詞型助動詞に付く場合は「って」の形をとることもある。\n>\n> 手段・方法を表す。「歩い―通学する」「泣い―抗議する」\n\nIn this sentence the purpose is to study Japanese but not to use books. So you\ncan use のに (that indeed means purpose) to say the same as follows:\n\n> 日本語を勉強する **のに** どんな本を使っていますか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T07:35:32.390",
"id": "39275",
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{
"body": "> どんな本を使って日本語を勉強していますか\n\nThis (the TE-form) is similar to the following (手段・方法) :\n\n> 駅からは歩いて十分ぐらいです。\n\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/38582/16344>\n\nI think 歩いて is like 現在分詞 ( \"walking\" in English ), and it could be an adj. or\nadverb. ( --> Actually \"歩いての\" is the adj. form. )\n\n使って -- adv.\n\n使っての -- adj.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T17:28:53.160",
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| 39274 | 39275 | 39275 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am very new to Japanese language and I am now kind of addicted to learning\nthis beautiful language and the culture.\n\nJust a question I want to ask is:\n\nWhich one of the below one is right?\n\n> 私はゴルフ **が** 大好きです\n\nor\n\n> 私はゴルフ **を** 大好きです\n\nAny help will be greatly appreciated from the heart.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T09:58:13.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39276",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-09-18T10:22:01.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "17931",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Should it be が大好き or を大好き?",
"view_count": 2016
} | [
{
"body": "Unlike in English 大好 is not a verb so it cannot take the object particle を\n([usually](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/26005/usage-\nof-%EF%BD%9E%E3%82%92%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D-outside-of-embedded-clauses)). 大好 is a\nna-adjective, so your first sentence is the correct one.\n\nIn case it wasn't just a typo, note that I corrected your question. The object\nparticle is を (wo) not お (o).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T10:06:28.400",
"id": "39277",
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{
"body": "私はゴルフが大好きです is right.\n\nIf you want to use を, \"私はゴルフをすることが大好きです\" is good.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T10:24:59.683",
"id": "39279",
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| 39276 | null | 39277 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39280",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It seems strange because the name ハチ公 【こう】 combines Katakana and Kanji in one\nword.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T10:21:01.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39278",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T08:54:23.330",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-19T08:54:23.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "17763",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"orthography",
"names",
"furigana"
],
"title": "Why does the name of ハチ公 【こう】 include Katakana instead of Hiragana?",
"view_count": 345
} | [
{
"body": "The nickname ハチ公 consists of the name ハチ followed by the suffix 〜公.\n\n_Katakana_ is a common choice for writing names, even if the actual name is\nwritten with _kanji_.\n\nThe suffix 〜公 is described in 大辞林 as follows\n\n> **こう** 【公】\n>\n> ［一］（名） [...]\n>\n> ［二］（代） [...]\n>\n> ［三］（接尾） \n> ①身分の高い人の名に付けて、敬意を表す。「家康━」 \n> ②人や動物の名前に付けて、親しみ、あるいはやや軽んずる気持ちを表す。「忠犬ハチ━」「熊━」\n\nThe suffix 〜公 is added to the names of people (of high standing) to show\nrespect or (by extension) to names of people or animals to express\naffection/intimacy.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T11:04:13.057",
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| 39278 | 39280 | 39280 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39296",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "From what I understand from listening to anime, both mean I'm hungry. But when\ndo I use them properly? Is one more formal/polite than the other? Or is\nneither of them polite/formal enough?\n\nIn addition, how do I inform the other party that \"I'm hungry let's go eat\"\npolitely?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T12:35:24.603",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"formality"
],
"title": "When to use おなかすいた and when to use はらへった?",
"view_count": 2640
} | [
{
"body": "It's better to only use 「腹が減った」 if you're speaking in all-male company, and to\nsay 「お腹すいた」 (or it's polite ます form if needed) otherwise.\n\nI remember the times when I said 「みんなさん腹減ってない？」 to a group of Japanese\nstudents, and they all laughed. It's apparently was a 失礼.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T14:42:44.157",
"id": "39284",
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"body": "To me, \"お腹が空いた\" sounds normal and polite as compared with \"腹が減った,\" which\nsounds informal and sometimes vulgar, depending on the situation.\n\nWhen you are taking a walk with your friend in downtown, say Asakusa, you may\nsay \"腹が減ったな。めしを食おう.\" But when you are taking a walk with your teacher or\nsenpai, you may say \"先生 (先輩)、お腹が空きましたね。何か食べて行きましょう.\"\n\nWe have a saying, \"お里が知れる - One's birthplace is revealed,\" meaning \"You can\ntell what class somebody belongs to from how he / she talks and behaves.\"\n\nIt'd be better not to say \"腹へった\" to others, unless they're your very close\nfriends.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T00:12:43.487",
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| 39281 | 39296 | 39296 |
{
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"body": "Title says it all. I am looking for sentence structures that can convey this\nmeaning.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T12:59:39.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39283",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"phrase-requests",
"english-to-japanese",
"modality",
"permission"
],
"title": "How to say \"You are able to\" or \"You can do this\"",
"view_count": 7507
} | [
{
"body": "To say \"you can/may ____\" or \"it's okay to ____\", use this structure:\n\n> [verb, te-form] + も (optional) + いい\n\nThis can also be used with negatives to say \"it's okay not to ____\"\n\n**Positive Example: 「入っていいですよ」** (inviting someone to come into your\nhouse/room)\n\n**Positive Example (casual): 「入っていいよ」**\n\n**Negative Example: 「心配しなくていいですよ」** \"It's okay\"/\"Don't worry (about it)\";\nliterally \"it's okay not to worry\"\n\n**Negative Example (casual): 「心配しなくていいよ」**\n\nNotes:\n\n * も, like a lot of other particles, is usually _ommitted_ when spoken or in chat and _included_ in formal, written communication like e-mail, letters, papers, books, etc.\n * The sentence ending ~よ is often tagged on the end of sentences that use this structure.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T15:44:46.473",
"id": "39316",
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},
{
"body": "It differs depending on the connotation you want to attach to 'able to'\n\n 1. Ability : できる or the 可能形 (ability form of verbs) \nFor example, 自分で料理できますか？means are you able to do the cooking yourself?\nピアノが弾けます (possibility form of 弾く) means I am able to play the piano.\n\n 2. Permission : でもいい？ or 〜っていいよ \nちょっとトイレに行ってもいい？ Means can I go to the toilet for a bit? This indicates not the\nability to go to the toilet but rather the permission to go to the toilet.\n\n 3. Possibility : 可能 \nLiterally the word means possibility, and this refers more to things which are\nphysically possible, or possible within a set of rules. Also is a more formal\nform of no.1. \nFor example, 一年で日本語を学ぶことは可能ですか？ means is it possible to learn Japanese in a\nyear.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T09:10:00.553",
"id": "39388",
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| 39283 | null | 39316 |
{
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"body": "Our DOJO is covered with slogans and proverbs. Often calligraphy that is not\ndone by a highly trained person. I can translate most of them but a few are\nbaffling. Some of the others read \"kunren\" \"nintai\" \"ketsudanryoku\" \"kenson\"\nand \"Bukkyou\". There are 4 of these panels that are apparently all to do with\nthe 4 noble truths. The first one reads Bukkyou\" - these are panels 2 and 3.\nYour help and suggestions are most welcome.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2AUCD.jpg)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ApbBm.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T15:51:13.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39285",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-18T21:00:33.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17933",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "How To read this Calligraphy?",
"view_count": 133
} | [
{
"body": "I agree with Broccoli Forest, basically they are \"Saint (First character seems\nto be 圣/聖) Joseph \" and \"Mary.\"\n\nJapanese language used more of those Kanjis dated back though -- like 「アメリカ」\nused to be 「亜墨利加」 in many of the historical documents in the Japanese town I\nhave stayed, and they are not strictly speaking Japanese Kanjis, but\ntranslation adopted straightly from Chinese (Chinese sometimes also adopted\nJapanese translation directly, such as 権利).\n\nHope this provides more contexts...",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T21:00:33.547",
"id": "39292",
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| 39285 | null | 39292 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39288",
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"body": "I have some questions about this sentence:\n\n> まだ遅れてるって、どうなってんの？事故は昨日だったろうが。\n\n1) Is って here an analog of のは?\n\n2) Why is it どうなって instead of どうなった? What is an ん before の?\n\n3) だったろう is だろう in past tense? Why is が at the end of the sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T16:16:12.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39286",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-18T18:06:04.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Can I get a grammatical breakdown of どうなってんの?",
"view_count": 968
} | [
{
"body": "1. って is not simply a paraphrase of another particle. It means a quotation here, namely \" _you said_ it is still late, but...\"\n\nって is not so polite a word, so yo should use this word to your friends, etc.\nIt you need politeness, you can say まだ遅れている **というのは** 、...\n\nRelated dictionary entry for \"って\" (from デジタル大辞泉):\n\n> ［係助］名詞、名詞的な語に付く。\n>\n> 相手の質問・命令・依頼などを受けて、それを話題として示す意を表す。…と言われても。「今さら変更する―、急に困るね」「どうするか―、決まってるだろ」\n\n 2. In the phrase, どうなってんの, ん is a less-polite contraction of いる. So it's not past tense.\n\nThe typical translation of どうなっているの is like \"What's going on?\"\n\nBut often (and in this case, too) どうなってんの implies \"your service is unnaturally\nbad.\"\n\nThe reason is that from the normal meaning \"what's going on?\" it can deduced\nthat \"the situation is unnatural as I can't understand it.\"\n\n 3. Yes, だったろう is だろう in past tense. が is a 終助詞 here. 終助詞 is what is placed at the end of sentence. Quotation from the dictionary again:\n\n> ［終助］\n>\n> １ 言いさしの形で用いる。\n>\n> ㋐ある事柄の実現することを願う意を表す。「この風がやめばいい―」\n>\n> ㋑はっきり言うのをためらう意を表す。「こちらのほうがよろしいと思います―」\n>\n> ㋒不審の意を表す。「おかしいな、八時に集合のはずだ―」\n>\n> ２ （多く体言や体言の下にののしる意の接尾語「め」を伴ったものに付いて）ののしりの感情を強める。「このあほうめ―」「あいつめ―」\n\nIts exact meaning is difficult to tell. In my opinion, 1-㋒ and 2 is combined\nhere. That is, the speaker has 不審の意 that \"it's doubtful that it's still late\ndue to the yesterday accident.\" and also ののしりの感情 directed to the listener.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-18T17:33:33.860",
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}
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| 39286 | 39288 | 39288 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39298",
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"body": "I was watching JoJo`s Bizarre Adventure and during Polnareff's speech to\nJ.Giel(link here: <https://youtu.be/y-Ov19GvGo0?t=22s>) he says 22 seconds in:\nこの場合そうゆう and then he says what i hear as: \"せるふゆうんじゃね\" but i looked せるふ up and\nit's only definition is self, so i was wondering is that what he really said\nor am i hearing it incorrectly?\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T21:00:03.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39291",
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"owner_user_id": "17938",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"anime"
],
"title": "Polnareff & Kakyoin`s Speech to J.Geil, せるふ?",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "セリフ\n\n> ejje.weblio.jp/content/台詞 -- 台詞を英語に訳すと \n> 1〈俳優の〉(a) speech; words; one's line(s) \n> 台詞のない役をする do [have] a nonspeaking [walk‐on] part \n> 台詞を言うspeak one's ...\n\n* * *\n\n【ジョジョ 】ポルナレフの台詞だけでコメント100を目指す | ジョジョ速\n\njojosoku.com/archives/42570568.html \n\n2015年2月13日 ... この場合！そういうセリフをいうんじゃねえいいか…こういう場合！かたきを討つ時という のはいまからいうようなセリフをはいて\nたたかうんだ…… 『我が名はJ・P・ポルナレフ』 『 我が妹の魂の名誉のために！』 『我が友アヴドゥルの心のやすらぎ ...\n\n* * *\n\nジャン＝ピエール・ポルナレフ|ジョジョの奇妙な冒険(集英社文庫)|名言 ...\n\nkoryamata.jp/wordmanager/27/ch497.html\n\n (ポルナレフ) おい花京院…… この場合!そういうセリフをいうんじゃねえ (J・ガイル) ? ( ポルナレフ) いいか…こういう場合!\nかたきを討つ時というのはいまからいうようなセリフ をはいて たたかうんだ…… 『我が名はJ・P・ポルナレフ』 『我が妹の魂の名誉のために!』",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T01:50:59.083",
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| 39291 | 39298 | 39298 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39317",
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"body": "I couldn't understand the following sentences:\n\n泳いでから昼ご飯を食べます。\n\n食べてからサッカーをします。\n\nCould you explain me them?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-18T22:04:30.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39295",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T16:30:51.040",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "泳いでから and 食べてから",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "The -てから form means after (verb). So, **泳いでから** 昼ご飯を食べます means **After\nswimming, I eat dinner** And, **食べてから** サッカーをします **After eating,** I play\nsoccer",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T16:30:51.040",
"id": "39317",
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| 39295 | 39317 | 39317 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39301",
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"body": "To say \"I played violin according to what's written in the magazine\", my\nintuition is:\n\n```\n\n 音楽雑誌に載るようにバイオリンを演奏した。\n \n```\n\nhowever, reading from the text above it sounds really weird, as I didn't\n\"play\" the way the music article was \"appeared\" (A載るようにBを演奏する). On the other\nhand, 踊るように演奏する sounds perfectly fine.\n\nwhat would be a more natural way to express?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T01:00:06.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39297",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T05:21:28.883",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-19T01:07:29.280",
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"owner_user_id": "17937",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "\"Playing instrument according to what's written in the magazine\"",
"view_count": 418
} | [
{
"body": "I think you could say:\n\n> 雑誌に載っ **ている** ように演奏した。 \n> 雑誌に書かれ **ている** ように/書い **てある** ように演奏した。\n\n載るように演奏する might sound like \"perform so that it will be in the magazine\" (since\nthe plain form of a verb can be the future tense), or \"perform as if\nappearing(?)\" (like 踊るように演奏する can mean \"perform as if dancing.\")\n\nI think it'd be a bit more natural to say:\n\n> 雑誌に載っている[通]{とお}りに演奏した。 \n> 雑誌に書かれている通りに/書いてある通りに演奏した。 \n> 雑誌の通りに演奏した。\n\ncf. 楽譜/譜面の通りに演奏する・楽譜/譜面[通]{どお}りに演奏する",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T03:51:19.083",
"id": "39301",
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},
{
"body": "**[dictionary form] + ように** doesn't have \"according to/in the same way as\"\nmeaning. It means:\n\n * as if (it were): 踊るように演奏する, 燃えるように広がる, 探るように尋ねる\n * in order to; aiming for: 動くようにする, 当たるように祈る, やせるように努力する\n * likewise; so does: あなたが絵で世界を表現するように、私は音楽で表現する\n\nThe reason is very simple. Dictionary form (= simple present) basically\ndescribes what about to happen, that is, not yet realized _at this very\nmoment_. You can't imitate what hasn't shown yet.\n\nTo translate \"I played violin according to what's written in the magazine\":\n\n * **V + ている + ように** : 雑誌に載っているように～演奏した (you had the magazine when you were playing)\n * **V + ていた + ように** : 雑誌に載っていたように～演奏した (you had seen the magazine previously and didn't have it at that time)\n\nThere's one more form you can use (but not in this case):\n\n * **V + た + ように** : 彼女が演奏したようにバイオリンを演奏した\n\nWhy you can't use this is because 雑誌に載る isn't the action of playing violin.",
"comment_count": 0,
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}
]
| 39297 | 39301 | 39301 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39303",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've had two Japanese professors so far, and they have both split verbs into\ntwo groups for teaching English-speakers: they call godan verbs u-verbs and\nichidan verbs ru-verbs. I never really liked these terms because, for one\nthing, a verb can end in -ru without being a -ru verb. The groups just seemed\ninconsistent, even though I knew what they were meant to represent. I always\nknew the verbs by godan, kami-ichidan, and shimo-ichidan because I came across\nthe terms on my own. Do native Japanese speakers refer to verbs exclusively as\ngodan/ichidan, or are those terms basically only known by linguists while most\npeople use some other term to describe them? Is that how they are taught in\nschools/would any given native speaker know those terms?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T03:28:48.930",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"terminology"
],
"title": "How Are Verbs Taught to Native Japanese Speakers?",
"view_count": 830
} | [
{
"body": "I'm from Japan and received Japanese education for 14 years. Yes. I think I\nremember being taught godan katsuyo as basic Japanese grammar class in\nelementary school -- around 5th or 6th grade. I don't remember ichidan, but\nwhen I did a quick Google search, I found many articles about that and\nreminded me it was a part of grammar we were taught. goadn katsuyo is probably\nwell known among most of Japanese who completed at least 9 years education\nwhich should be 100%. But the rest may be forgotten. Like you said, unless you\nare linguists or Japanese language-major students, we hardly care about how\nour language should be explained.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T04:05:59.533",
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"score": 5
}
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| 39300 | 39303 | 39303 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I came across this sentence その元気な男の子にはたくさんの友達がいます。I was wondering what には\nwas doing in this sentence. Additionally, I was wondering what the different\nuses and the rules for the uses of には were? So far the most comprehensive list\nI've found is here <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_particles>, and the\nonly rules I've found so far where in the Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese\nGrammar, defined as verb plain form or suru noun in front of には as being for\nthe purpose of.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T04:47:25.453",
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"owner_user_id": "17697",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "Rules for には usage",
"view_count": 994
} | [
{
"body": "には is just the particle に combined with the particle は. The meaning isn't\nreally different, but in most cases, the interpretation of は is the\n\"contrastive\" one, so it adds that nuance. In your example, what the sentence\nis saying is that energetic boys specifically have lots of friends, as\ncompared with other kinds of boys. Hopefully that shows you what exactly the\n\"contrastive\" nuance is meant to convey. As for rules for using it, you can\nfollow the same rules as に, but you might make your sentence sound weird if\nyou add it when you don't really need to.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T05:40:16.133",
"id": "39306",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
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| 39304 | null | 39306 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39310",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I found this [dramatic reading](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdOaEWrdxwo)\nof Akutagawa Ryunosuke's 羅生門, in which the performer reads 誰 consistently as\nたれ.\n\nIs this correct for the time period? I know that 誰 has old readings resembling\nた/たれ such as 誰がために鐘はなる, but when did readings beginning in _t-_ cease to\nbecome current?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T05:58:45.193",
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"owner_user_id": "816",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"literature"
],
"title": "In Akutagawa's writing, would 誰 have been pronounced たれ or だれ?",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "日本国語大辞典 says:\n\n>\n> 近世「だれ」と変化したが、「随筆・松屋筆記‐五五・三」「徒然慰草‐一・二二段」に「今云あの人たちのもの申さるることばをきくに或は『たれ』といふことを『た』の字をにごり〈略〉かやうのかたこといくらといふかずをしらず丸か耳にさへをかしく伝ればこれをいにしへの人たちにきかせ奉らばいかばかりかなしくおぼしめされん」とあり、近世後期からの現象と思われる。現代では、「だれ」が一般的であるが、主に文語脈の中では、「たれ」ともいう。\n\nJudging from 松屋筆記 is written in 1818-1845, and 徒然慰草 is some point before 1650,\nthe current pronunciation gradually replaced it during the Edo period. 誰 is\netymologically from voiceless た, but assumably changed into だれ by analogy to\nど-series question words.\n\n> Is this correct for the time period?\n\nWell, it's \"correct\" for the story's background which seems to be [late 12th\ncentury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloistered_rule), but considering that\nthe story is written consistently in today's Japanese, I'm not sure if it's\nfaithful to the author's intention. As I noted in my comment, I couldn't find\nother recitation saying たれ on YouTube.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T06:31:33.573",
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{
"body": "It's not what you'd expect for colloquial speech in the early 20th C., but\nit's believable as an Akutagawan quirk. (Maybe affected, maybe not.) He was\nobviously familiar with a huge range of older narrative styles and material\n(Rashomon is basically an elaboration on a Konjaku Monogatarishu story), and\nthere is evidence of him using the reading\n[elsewhere](http://reception.aozora.gr.jp/aozora/cards/000879/files/147.html)\nwithout any obvious reason.\n\nSo I wouldn't expect a regular modern narrator to use \"tare\" reading the story\naloud, but maybe a superfan more familiar with Akutagawa's entire body of work\nwould do so intentionally based on what they knew.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T08:23:52.467",
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{
"body": "According to スーパー大辞林 published by Sanseido, “誰” was pronounced “たれ\" in old\ntime and started to be pronounced as “だれ” in “近世 ‐ the later part of\nfeudalistic era ie, Azuchi, Momoyama and Edo era (1573 – 1895).\n\nThe early pronunciation of “誰\" as “たれ” is notably found in the phrase,\n“わかよたれそつねならむ - 我が世誰ぞ常ならむ – What can be permanent in this transient world?” in\nthe いろは歌, which was believed to be created by the great Buddhist priest, 空海\n(AD 774 -835), but actually created later than that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-22T23:46:21.547",
"id": "39414",
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| 39308 | 39310 | 39310 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39314",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't find the answer anywhere.\n\nIt seems that in manyougana consonant gemination was not marked in any way.\nAnd before the 1946 reform the normal size つ was used instead of the current\nsmaller one. But what was the original reason to start using つ as the\nconsonant doubling symbol, and not say く or some original symbol altogether?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T08:44:43.853",
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"owner_user_id": "17946",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"history",
"orthography",
"kana",
"gemination"
],
"title": "Why was つ originally used to mark consonant gemination? When was that?",
"view_count": 471
} | [
{
"body": "**Short summary:** Heian-period Japanese acquired new sounds, including a\nsyllable-final _-t_ , a geminated _tt_ , and other geminated consonants. The つ\nkana, originally _tu_ , was a natural match to write the new _-t_ , which led\nto its use in _tt_ , and from that it slowly became the symbol for gemination\nin general.\n\n**Long answer:**\n\nNara-period Old Japanese had no long consonants. This is why the writing\nsystem originally had no way of representing them, and was forced to coöpt\nsome other symbol into the role. (They _could_ have created a new symbol—it\nseems that katakana ン was invented around the 11th century specifically to\nwrite the moraic nasal unambiguously—but people generally seem to prefer\nworking with the symbols they already know; consider how English writing\nfailed to create letters to denote all its new vowels, but just make do\nawkwardly with the five Latin basic vowel letters.)\n\nIn the transition to Heian-period Early Middle Japanese, some very significant\nsound changes occurred (the _onbin_ changes). They added, among other things,\nlong vowels and consonants, and are the source of current verb forms like\n_motte_ < _motite_. (For greater clarity, I will use _kunrei rōmaji_ in this\nanswer; つ = _tu_ , ち = _ti_. Notice these sounds weren't originally pronounced\nas in Modern Japanese, but likely as in _ta_.)\n\nNow that Japanese had become a moraic language, they had the problem of how to\nrepresent those new sounds. They might just not represent them at all (e.g.\n_motte_ written as モテ; 9th century). Or they might use a number of different\nold _kana_ —I don't have a listing of which ones, exactly, but there was\noverlap between them and also the new moraic nasal (now written ん); e.g.\ngemination could be written as 牟／ム, the usual symbol for the nasal (as if, in\nmodern _kana_ , you could write _motte_ as もんて).\n\nAround the same period, a second, distinct source of new sounds were Chinese\nloanwords—the ancestor of current _kango_ ( _on'yomi_ )—and a lot of those\nended with a syllable-final _-t_ (as in e.g. 罰, modern Japanese _batu_ ,\nmodern Cantonese _fat_ , Hakka _fat_ ; 達, J. _tatu_ , Cantonese _daat/taat_ ;\n日, J. _niti/jitu_ , Cantonese _jat_ , Hakka _ngit_ , Hokkien _jit/lit/git_ ,\nand so on). That these sounds were pronounced with a final _-t_ consonant in\nMiddle Japanese is clear from the descriptions left by the Jesuits in the 16th\ncentury, and also supported by reconstruction.\n\nHow was syllable-final _-t_ represented in writing? As you might have guessed,\nby the _kana_ symbols for _-tu_ (or, sometimes, _-ti_ ). Recall that in\nhistorical times there were several _kana_ symbols for each sound (the\nvariants now called _hentaigana_ ). There's evidence that some texts\nconsistently use some graphical variants for _-tu_ and others for _-t_ ; but\nmost texts just used an underspecified _-tu_ , and you had to guess which\nsound was meant.\n\nSince the _tu_ symbols could denote a single _-t_ , they were a natural choice\nfor the first _t_ in _tt_ ; _mo-t-te_ = も.つ.て. By extension, つ came to be the\ngeneric symbol of gemination for other consonants (cf. the case of ム above).\nAll this dates from Heian, but was quite in a state of flux for a long time,\nand consolidated slowly. There's probably no sharp line for when did all\ngeminates could be said to always and consistently be marked by つ; both\nsources for this answer only say it \"spread gradually\" and was settled\n\"relatively late\". The syllable-final _-t_ , too, only became _-ti_ and _-tu_\nquite recently (historically speaking).\n\nSources:\n\n * Frellesvig, _A History of the Japanese Language_\n * 『日本国語大辞典』, apud [Japanese wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%A3).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T15:20:24.967",
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| 39312 | 39314 | 39314 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39361",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I tried to find this answer in other questions in order to not duplicate it,\nbut i couldn't find one answer for that.\n\nSo I was trying to make the following sentence\n\n> There's a ramen restaurant in my town. My friend said that there it is\n> delicious, so I want to go there.\n\nPeople on hellotalk helped to make my sentence more natural, like changing\nレストラン for 屋, and the sentence came out like this:\n\n> 僕の街にラーメン屋があります。僕の友達がおいしいと言っていたので、そのラーメン屋に行きたい。\n\nI understood the whole sentence but one part \"言っていた\" this is supposed to mean\nthat my friend told me something right. I just don't get the whole \"verb te\nform+いた\".\n\nCan you help me with that? Thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T17:12:56.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39318",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-21T09:52:58.967",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-19T17:24:59.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "言っていた Conjugation",
"view_count": 2221
} | [
{
"body": "You could say :\n\n> 僕の友達がおいしいと言ったので、そのラーメン屋に行きたい。\n\nBut what you have (in the OP) is a more sophisticated way to put it, which is\nan abbreviated ( less sophisticated ) way of saying :\n\n> 僕の友達がおいしいと言っていたので、そのラーメン屋に行きたくなった。\n>\n> (1) Because I had been told X, (2) I began to think Y.\n\n2 happened in the past, and 1 happened even before it.\n\n言っていた is a Jp way of expressing this \"tense-\" relationship.\n\n* * *\n\nI think French and Spanish have a more established way of expressing this than\nEnglish does. (The usual sentence pattern is: -- When i got to the station,\nthe train had just left. When i saw him, he was at the bank.)\n\n> When I saw him, he was carrying a red bag.\n>\n> その人を見た時に、彼は赤いカバンを持っていた。\n\nMy seeing him happened in the past, and his having (obtaining, grabbing) 持つ\nthe bag happened even before that, and 持っていた is a Jp way of expressing this\n\"tense-\" relationship.\n\nThis [red bag] example is a paraphrase of the following :\n\n> <http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/24asupekuto.html>\n>\n> その時、田中さんは赤いかばんを持っていました。\n>\n>\n> 「持っていた」の例では、その全体が過去のことになっています。この話し手が「田中さんがかばんを持っている」のを見たのが過去のある時で、「田中さんがカバンを持った」のはそれよりも前の時点で\n> す。\n>\n> （「その時」より前に）持った → （その時）持っていた\n\n* * *\n\n(For me, at least) 言っていた, 持っていた feel like [imperfect tense] in French and\nSpanish. ----- 半過去 in French, 線過去（不完了過去） in Spanish.\n\n半過去： 継続している過去、 終わりがはっきりしていない過去（未完了）、 そのシーンの背景。 過去の進行中の行為。 過去の習慣（何度か行ったこと）。\n\n\"My friend had been saying\" may be a great way to think about it.\n\n* * *\n\nI can't find a good page (or any page) on this in English. Is there one?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-09-19T18:30:12.130",
"id": "39319",
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{
"body": "> \"verb te form + いた\"\n\n～ていた has several meanings/usages, which include:\n\n * A continuous action in the past (Past progressive tense) -- for action verbs \n\n> * 彼が来たとき、私はテレビを見 **ていた** 。I **was watching** TV when he came.\n> * そのころ、私はピアノを弾い **ていた** 。I **was playing** piano around that time.\n\n * A state in the past -- for verbs that describe changes in state, eg 死ぬ, 知る, 持つ, 結婚する etc. \n\n> * 彼は死ん **でいた** 。 He was dead. \n> (Not \"He was dying.\" 彼は死んだ would be \"He died.\")\n> * 彼は車を持っ **ていた** 。 He had a car. \n> (He was in the state of having a car, not in the middle of the action of\n> having a car. 車を持った would indicate the action of having/getting a car.)\n> * 彼女は結婚し **ていた** 。 She was married. \n> (彼女は結婚した would be \"She got married.\")\n\n * An action that occurred before another action occurred in the past (Something similar to the past perfect tense in English) \n\n> * 駅に着くと、もう電車は出発し **ていた** 。 \n> The train **had** already **left** when I got to the station.\n> * 彼が来たときには、私は宿題を終え **ていた** 。 \n> I **had finished** my homework when / by the time he came.\n> * パーティはすでに始まっ **ていた** 。 \n> The party **had** already **begun**.\n\nAnd, in your example:\n\n * In reported speech (especially in conversation) -- When you tell someone what another person has said to you. \n\n> * 山田さんは、東京に行くと言っ **ていた** よ。(≂ 行くそうだよ。) \n> Yamada-san said / I heard Yamada-san say that he was going to Tokyo. \n> (rather than 山田さんは、東京に行くと言ったよ。)\n> * 彼はなんと言っ **ていました** か？ -- 今日は来ないと言っ **ていました** 。(≂ 来ないそうです。) \n> What did he say? -- He said he would not come today. \n> (rather than 彼はなんと言いましたか？ -- 今日は来ないと言いました。)\n> * ニュースで、大きな地震があったって言っ **てた** よ。 \n> I heard on TV news that there was a big earthquake.\n\n* * *\n\n> 僕の街にラーメン屋があります。僕の友達がおいしいと言っ **ていた** ので、そのラーメン屋に行きたい。\n\nHere, おいしいと言っ **ていた** ので is more natural than おいしいと言ったので, since it's reported\nspeech. This is like \"I heard my friend say...\" or \"My friend told me...\"\n\nI think it'd be even more natural to say it this way:\n\n> 僕の街に **は** ラーメン屋があります。(僕の)友達がおいしいと言っていたので、そのラーメン屋に行きたい **です** 。\n\n * Add the topical は. 「僕の街に **は** ～～」 \n * Leave out the second 僕の. It's obvious whose friend you're talking about here. \n * Add です at the end, since you used polite あります in the first sentence. \n * Alternatively, you could say 行きたいと思っています。 or 行ってみたいです。",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-21T07:39:01.717",
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]
| 39318 | 39361 | 39361 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39326",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My questions relate to the following two sentences taken from the website\nreferenced below. The goal of the lesson was to explain the uses of ということ but\nI'm more concerned with the choice of particles in bold.\n\n> 冬に北海道に行ってみればどんなに寒い **か** ということ **が** わかるだろう。\n>\n> 冬に北海道に行ってみればどんなに寒い **かが** わかるだろう。\n>\n> If you go to Hokkaido in the winter, (I bet) you'll see how cold it is.\n\n**First, is the second sentence grammatical?** \nI thought か replaced が when it marks indirect questions? If it is grammatical,\nhow does including both particles change the meaning?\n\n**Second, is it possible to mark an indirect question with が rather than か?** \nFor example, is - 冬に北海道に行ってみればどんなに寒い **が** わかるだろう。 - grammatical?\n\n**Last, why is か used in the first sentence at all.** \nI was under the impression that と alone is proper and かと actually serves the\npurpose of reducing the certainty which is not the intention in this sentence.\n\nReference: <http://maggiesensei.com/2010/04/24/request-\nlesson-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86toiu-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%EF%BC%88toiukoto-\nand-many-more/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T18:47:11.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39320",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-か",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "Indirect question marked with かが",
"view_count": 821
} | [
{
"body": "\"second sentence\" -- 冬に北海道に行ってみればどんなに寒いかがわかるだろう。<-- this is fine.\n\nSecond, 冬に北海道に行ってみればどんなに寒いがわかるだろう。 - grammatical? ----> NO\n\n* * *\n\n( \"いるのではないか と\" ) (It didn't get solved in March.)[Usage of か I keep\nencountering](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/32726/usage-\nof-%e3%81%8b-i-keep-encountering)\n\n(There were more answers in Jan.) [Can someone explain how this massive\nsentence works](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30560/can-\nsomeone-explain-how-this-massive-sentence-works)\n\n* * *\n\nThey sound interesting together, but there is nothing special about the かが\ncombination.\n\nI think of this mid-sentence か as another noun-maker.\n\nこの方法で良いかを考えた。 ＳＴＡＰ現象が起こったかについて論じた。\n\nI can't find any page on it in English. Is there one?\n\n> <http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/57meisisetu.html>\n>\n> ５７．名 詞 節\n>\n> 57.1 概観 \n> 57.2 「～の」と「～こと」：述語の種類 \n> 57.3 Ｖ－ところ \n>\n>\n> 57.4 ～か（どうか）\n>\n> 突然、どうすればいいか(が)わかった。 \n> 結婚記念日はいつだったか(を)すっかり忘れてしまった。 \n> これで良いか(どうか)(を)聞いてみた。 \n> この方法でうまくいくか(どうか)(を)試してみよう。 \n> このことを知らせるべきか(どうか)(で／に)迷った。 \n> その時、彼女がいたかどうか(を／は)忘れました。 \n> ？その時、彼女がいたか(を／は)忘れました。 \n> これまでのやり方でいいかどうか(を)決めたい。 \n> そううまく参りますかどうかはわかりません。 \n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T21:37:43.867",
"id": "39326",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T21:44:46.917",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
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"parent_id": "39320",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "寒いか。 \nIs it cold?\n\nどんなに寒いか。 \nHow cold is it?\n\nどんなに寒いかが分かる。 \nI know how cold it is.\n\n分かる \nTo know\n\nことが分かる。 \nTo know things.\n\nどんなに寒いかということが分かる。 \nI know such a thing as how cold it is.\n\nThe か is a question particle. \nThe が is an object marker for 分かる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-10T07:08:35.880",
"id": "39858",
"last_activity_date": "2016-10-10T07:08:35.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 39320 | 39326 | 39326 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "39332",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "They both seem to have translation as \"fundamental truth\" or \"cardinal\nprinciple\" except 原理 seems to be much more common than 妙諦. Does anyone have\nsome information on the nuance of these two or how they are used differently\nin a sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T19:02:41.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "39321",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T06:47:56.543",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-20T02:19:22.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 妙諦 and 原理?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "In my opinion, 妙諦 feels like a principle of Buddhism, whereas 原理 is more like\nscientific fact. Sometimes 原理 can also mean theorem.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T19:15:36.710",
"id": "39322",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T02:20:24.933",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-20T02:20:24.933",
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"owner_user_id": "17942",
"parent_id": "39321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Kenkyusha’s 新和英中辞典 translates “原理” as “a principle, a tenet and a law,“ but it\ndoesn’t provides the translation of \"妙諦,\" perhaps because of the relative low\nincidences of its usage.\n\n大辞林 published by Sanseido defines \"妙諦\" as \"優れた真理 - the superlative truth,” and\n新明解国語辞典 published by Sanseido defines it as \"そのものの存在として高く評価できる良さ - excellence\nthat can be highly evaluated as a being on its own,\" which I think is a bit\nobscure.\n\nThus broadly speaking, “原理” refers to a principle, and \"妙諦\" refers to truth.\n\nWe say “そこに禅の（武道の、茶道の、書道の）妙諦がある - There is the ultimate truth (or goal, tenet,\nsecret) of Zen (or Japanese martial art, tea ceremony, caligraphy).”\n\n\"妙諦\" is often used for the meaning of \"the essence of teaching\" like ”禅の妙諦,\"\nbut it isn’t always connected with Buddhism. It can be applied to anything\nsuch as studies, arts, sports, games, techniques, and the way of life that you\nchallenge.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T01:08:52.047",
"id": "39332",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-26T06:47:56.543",
"last_edit_date": "2016-09-26T06:47:56.543",
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "39321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "**原理** refers to a **basic** principle or credo that should be shared by\neveryone as the starting point. In religional context, it's something that if\nyou don't believe this you wouldn't be a Christian, Muslim, Buddhist and so\non. There's a word 原理主義 that means _fundamentalism_.\n\n**妙諦** is more like **essence** in the sense of \"what is essential is\ninvisible to the eye\", that is, something is not easy to recognize and only\nattained after pursuit, practice, reflection etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-20T05:04:04.163",
"id": "39337",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T05:04:04.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "39321",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 39321 | 39332 | 39332 |
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