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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Is baseline diabetic knowledge after 5-day teaching program an independent predictor of subclinical macroangiopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes ( Poznan Prospective Study )?
Answer: Baseline diabetic knowledge after 5-day teaching program is an independent predictor of subclinical macroangiopathy in patients with DM1.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is meconium ileus in cystic fibrosis linked to central repetitive region length variation in MUC1 , MUC2 , and MUC5AC?
Answer: The genetic length variants in the central repetitive region of three MUC genes studied are not associated with MI in subjects with CF.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Are aerobic capacity and upper limb strength reduced in women diagnosed with breast cancer : a systematic review?
Answer: Aerobic capacity and upper extremity strength in women diagnosed with breast cancer are generally lower than population norms. Assessment of values for lower extremity strength is less conclusive. As more research is published, expected values for sub-groups by age, treatment, and co-morbidities should be developed. [Neil-Sztramko SE, Kirkham AA, Hung SH, Niksirat N, Nishikawa K Campbell KL (2014) Aerobic capacity and upper limb strength are reduced in women diagnosed with breast cancer: a systematic review.Journal of Physiotherapy60: 189-200].
| Output: yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Are polymorphisms in SPINK5 associated with asthma in a Dutch population?
Answer: The negative results in this study suggest that SPINK5 is not associated with asthma or atopic phenotypes in individuals ascertained by a proband with asthma. This is consistent with the finding that SPINK5 is not expressed in the lung. Because our patients were ascertained for asthma, a role of SPINK5 in atopic dermatitis cannot be excluded.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Is microsatellite instability in human colonic cancer a useful clinical indicator of familial colorectal cancer?
Answer: Although some very small, and as yet undefined, proportion of colon cancer may be caused by inherited mutations leading to microsatellite instability, tumoral instability by itself is not a marker for familiality and should not be considered as evidence for an inherited syndrome.
Ex Output:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Do mesenchymal stem cells treated with rat pancreatic extract secrete cytokines that improve the glycometabolism of diabetic rats?
Answer: RPE enhanced the secretion of cytokines by MSCs. MSCs in the pancreatic microenvironment may exert indirect salutary effects via paracrine mediators on injured pancreatic cells in an STZ-induced diabetic animal model. The secreted factors may exert their therapeutic benefits by preventing apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does daily weight-bearing activity increase the risk of diabetic foot ulcers?
Answer: Increased weight-bearing activity did not increase the risk of foot re-ulceration. Further studies are needed to explore weight-bearing activities that are safe for those with diabetes and insensate feet.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Is increased urine semaphorin-3A associated with renal damage in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease : a nested case-control study?
Answer: USEMA is independently associated with CKD in both diabetic and non diabetic hypertensive patients. Further studies may help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association and possibly the pathogenic changes leading to the development of CKD.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Problem:Question: Is elevated alanine aminotransferase activity associated with dyslipidemias , but related to insulin resistance and higher disease grades in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Answer: This study shows that the associations of increased ALT serum levels in NAFLD patients are different from what are supposed before. By excluding diabetic patients from our population, we find that increased ALT levels are not associated with dyslipidemias but are independently associated with insulin resistance and NAFLD grading on ultrasonographic evaluations. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
Solution: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Are three novel polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TIMP-3 gene associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TIMP-3 gene were not associated with the PDR in the Caucasian T2DM patients.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Is hydrogen peroxide production primarily increased in human myotubes established from type 2 diabetic subjects?
Answer: Our result indicates that the ROS production is not primarily increased in diabetic myotubes but rather is reduced. Moreover, the comparable ATP/H(2)O(2) ratios indicate that the reduced ROS production in diabetic myotubes parallels the reduced ATP production because ROS production in diabetic myotubes must be considered to be in a proportion comparable to lean. Thus, the increased ROS production seen in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic patients is an adaptation to the in vivo conditions.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do expanded effector memory T-lymphocytes in DBA/2 mice inhibit the growth of SL2 tumours?
Answer: SL2 tumours induce expansion of effector memory lymphocytes in DBA/2 mice. However, expanded effector memory lymphocytes do not inhibit the growth of tumours.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Are variants in TNFAIP3 , STAT4 , and C12orf30 loci associated with multiple autoimmune diseases also associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Answer: We have demonstrated associations between JIA and variants in the TNFAIP3, STAT4, and C12orf30 regions that have previously shown associations with other autoimmune diseases, including RA and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our results suggest that clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does diabetes alter mortality or hemostatic and inflammatory responses in patients with severe sepsis?
Answer: Although diabetes is a risk factor for sepsis, once established, the outcome of severe sepsis does not appear to be significantly influenced by the presence of diabetes. In nondiabetic patients, however, admission hyperglycemia is associated with an increased mortality.
| Output: no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Is l-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature altered in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: L-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature is not different between a group of hypertensive diabetic patients and a young, healthy reference group. These data were obtained using low-dose L-arginine infusion.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Is tumor invasion depth a useful pathologic assessment for predicting outcomes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant radiotherapy?
Answer: The TID or TIDC measured at the cervical internal surface is a useful and easily applied pathologic prognostic factor for distant metastasis and survival outcomes in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant RT or CCRT.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Does a novel biomechanical device improve gait pattern in patient with chronic nonspecific low back pain?
Answer: Patients with NSLBP treated with the novel biomechanical device for 3 months increased walking speed through longer step length and eliminated asymmetrical differences.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Is severity of hearing impairment positively associated with urine albumin excretion rate in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: The present study showed increased albuminuria was positively associated with the severity of hearing impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes. Screening for hearing impairment in diabetic patients who develop albuminuria might provide early detection of hearing impairment.
Example Output: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Do perioperative doses of ondansetron or dolasetron lengthen the QT interval?
Answer: The average QTc prolongation from baseline was only 6%. Perioperative use of ondansetron or dolasetron was not associated with extended QT prolongation, and these results did not vary by diabetic status. Perioperative use of 5HT3R antagonists does not produce potentially dangerous perioperative electrocardiographic changes and does not seem to warrant a drug safety warning from the Food and Drug Administration.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Part 1. Definition
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Part 2. Example
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Answer: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
Question: Does blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ameliorate delayed gastric emptying in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Inflammation was associated with the development of delayed gastric emptying, and blockade of p38 MAPK pathway with SB203580 ameliorates delayed gastric emptying in diabetic rats, at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, TNF-a and IL-1β. Therefore, p38MAPK may serve as a novel target for the therapy of diabetes-related gastrointestinal dysmotility.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does exome sequencing identify novel ApoB loss-of-function mutations causing hypobetalipoproteinemia in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: The identification of ApoB loss-of-function mutations in type 1 diabetic patients presents innovative cases to study the interaction between hypobetalipoproteinemia and insulin deficiency.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Are perioperative nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs associated with anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery?
Answer: There does not appear to be a significant association between perioperative ketorolac use and anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings before definitive guidelines on NSAID use perioperatively can be recommended.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does hyperinsulinaemia during exercise suppress hepatic glycogen concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes : a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study?
Answer: In patients with type 1 diabetes, hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions during moderate exercise did not suppress hepatic glycogen concentrations. These findings do not support the hypothesis that exercise-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes is due to suppression of hepatic glycogen mobilisation.
answer:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is lamin A/C deficiency an independent risk factor for cervical cancer?
Answer: Lamin A/C deficiency may serve as an independent risk factor for CIN development and as an indicator for preventive therapy in cervical cancer.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does dll1 haploinsufficiency in adult mice lead to a complex phenotype affecting metabolic and immunological processes?
Answer: In conclusion, slight alterations in one player of Notch signaling alter the entire organism, emphasizing the fine-tuning character of this pathway in a high number of processes.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor slow progression of retinal nonperfusion in patients with diabetic macular edema?
Answer: Just as high VEGF levels contribute to progression of retinal nonperfusion in retinal vein occlusion, the same is true in patients with DME, suggesting that regardless of the underlying disease process, high levels of VEGF can cause closure of retinal vessels. However, our data also suggest that VEGF-induced worsening of retinal perfusion in DME is superimposed on another cause of more gradually worsening perfusion, possibly glucotoxicity. Thus, monthly injections of ranibizumab can slow, but not completely prevent, retinal capillary closure in patients with DME.
Ex Output:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does an ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca catheter technique impair ambulatory ability within a clinical pathway for total hip arthroplasty?
Answer: BMI affects postoperative ambulation outcome after hip arthroplasty, whereas the type of regional analgesic technique used does not. An ultrasound-guided FIC technique offers similar analgesia with fewer side effects when compared with ITM.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Are standard equations accurate in assessing resting energy expenditure in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Answer: We found that standard equations used to calculate energy expenditure were not valid for patients with ALS. Moreover, the majority of our patients were either overfed or underfed. As underfeeding can cause diaphragm impairment, and overfeeding can increase ventilatory load, indirect calorimetry should be considered in ALS patients to determine optimal caloric requirement.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Is hydrogen peroxide production primarily increased in human myotubes established from type 2 diabetic subjects?
Answer: Our result indicates that the ROS production is not primarily increased in diabetic myotubes but rather is reduced. Moreover, the comparable ATP/H(2)O(2) ratios indicate that the reduced ROS production in diabetic myotubes parallels the reduced ATP production because ROS production in diabetic myotubes must be considered to be in a proportion comparable to lean. Thus, the increased ROS production seen in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic patients is an adaptation to the in vivo conditions.
[EX A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Do interictal epileptiform discharges have an independent association with cognitive impairment in children with lesional epilepsy?
Answer: Overall, IED effects on cognition were of a magnitude similar to lesional influences or drug effects (topiramate use). This study demonstrates an association between IEDs and cognitive dysfunction, independent of the underlying focal brain pathology.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does degenerative spondylolisthesis affect the outcome of unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression in patients with lumbar stenosis?
Answer: Our study thus indicates that preoperative degenerative spondylolisthesis does not worsen the outcome of patients with lumbar stenosis undergoing unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression. These results suggest that lumbar fusion is often unnecessary in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and lumbar stenosis if the posterior decompression technique is unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Does blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ameliorate delayed gastric emptying in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Inflammation was associated with the development of delayed gastric emptying, and blockade of p38 MAPK pathway with SB203580 ameliorates delayed gastric emptying in diabetic rats, at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, TNF-a and IL-1β. Therefore, p38MAPK may serve as a novel target for the therapy of diabetes-related gastrointestinal dysmotility.
Answer: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does the Drosophila Chmp1 protein determine wing cell fate through regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling?
Answer: Drosophila Chmp1 negatively regulates DER signaling, likely through its role in MVB formation. Loss of Chmp1 activity in the Drosophila wing induces a cell fate change from intervein to vein that should provide a useful tool for future studies of ESCRT protein activity.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does pathologic heterogeneity persist in early active multiple sclerosis lesions?
Answer: These findings continue to support the concept of patient-dependent immunopathological heterogeneity in early MS and suggest that the mechanisms and targets of tissue injury may differ among patient subgroups. These observations have potentially significant implications for individualized therapeutic approaches.
A: | yes
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Q: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Do elevated serum uric acid concentrations independently predict cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients?
Answer: Higher serum uric acid levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients, independent of several potential confounders, including renal function measures.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Problem:Question: Is carotid artery stenosis exacerbated in spontaneously obese model rats with diabetes?
Answer: The OLETF rats were obese, and diabetes worsened the degree of carotid artery stenosis. These results indicate the possibility of new therapies for carotid artery stenosis in obese and diabetic patients.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Is elevated alanine aminotransferase activity associated with dyslipidemias , but related to insulin resistance and higher disease grades in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Answer: This study shows that the associations of increased ALT serum levels in NAFLD patients are different from what are supposed before. By excluding diabetic patients from our population, we find that increased ALT levels are not associated with dyslipidemias but are independently associated with insulin resistance and NAFLD grading on ultrasonographic evaluations. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
Answer: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion increase the risk of organ-specific autoimmune disease in type 1 diabetic patients : results of a multicentric , comparative study?
Answer: As previously shown AIA (anti-insulin antibodies) levels were higher in CIpii than in CSII (32.9% vs 20.2%, P<0.0001) but no correlation was observed with either clinical or subclinical autoimmune disease. This large-scale study eliminates the possibility that CIpii increases the risk of autoimmune disease.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Why? The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input: Question: Does ethanolic Ginkgo biloba leaf extract prevent renal fibrosis through Akt/mTOR signaling in diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: GbE can prevent renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy, which is most likely to be associated with its abilities to inhibit the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Do infant and young child feeding practices differ by ethnicity of Vietnamese mothers?
Answer: Breastfeeding practices were suboptimal and differed by ethnicity, which suggests need for tailored interventions at multiple levels to address ethnic-specific challenges and norms. Complementary feeding practices were less optimal among ethnic minorities compared to Kinh, which suggests need for broad intervention including improved food availability, accessibility, and security.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Do phosphorus application and elevated CO2 enhance drought tolerance in field pea grown in a phosphorus-deficient vertisol?
Answer: Phosphorus application and eCO2 interactively enhanced periodic drought tolerance in field pea as a result of decreased stomatal conductance, deeper rooting and high Pi availability for carbon assimilation in leaves.
[EX A]: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Is type 1 diabetes associated with an increased prevalence of hepatic steatosis?
Answer: Our data showed that Type 1 diabetes was not associated with an increased prevalence of steatosis. Moreover, our study provided no specific arguments concerning a link between liver fat content and diabetic complications in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Do alterations of the Lamina Cribrosa Are Associated with Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma and Pachychoroid Spectrum Disease?
Answer: Enhanced depth imaging OCT of the LC demonstrated alterations associated with peripapillary retinoschisis, pachychoroid spectrum diseases, and glaucoma.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does prolonged P wave duration predict stroke mortality among type 2 diabetic patients with prevalent non-major macrovascular disease?
Answer: As an easily measurable factor P wave duration merits further studies with higher number of patients to evaluate its importance in the estimation of stroke risk in type 2 diabetic patients with PNMMVD.
Answer: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Are factors associated with HIV infection the same for all women?
Answer: Factors vary in importance and significance of association with HIV infection in different subpopulations of women resident in Great Britain. This diversity is also likely to occur in other populations. It is important to identify these differences between subpopulations. Prevention and control policies and activities for HIV/AIDS cannot treat all women as if they were the same.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does the mechanism of formation of bony spur ( enthesophytes ) in the achilles tendon?
Answer: Bony spurs can develop in the Achilles tendon without the need for preceding microtears or any inflammatory reaction, and they form by endochondral ossification of enthesis fibrocartilage. The increased surface area created at the tendon-bone junction may be an adaptive mechanism to ensure the integrity of the interface in response to increased mechanical loads.
[A]: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Is vincristine-induced neuropathy in the rat modified by drug-drug interactions with the P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil?
Answer: Behavioral pain tests did not reveal an increase in vincristine neurotoxicity following combination treatment with verapamil and vincristine. This regimen only led to a slight increase in general toxicity.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Do rates of labor induction and primary cesarean delivery correlate with rates of adverse neonatal outcome in level I hospitals?
Answer: Crude and adjusted rates of labor induction and PCD vary among level I hospitals, but with no consistent effect on neonatal outcome.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Do novel meta-analysis-derived type 2 diabetes risk loci determine prediabetic phenotypes?
Answer: In contrast to the first series of GWA-derived type 2 diabetes candidate SNPs, we could not detect reliable associations of the novel risk loci with prediabetic phenotypes. Possible weak effects of ADAMTS9 SNP rs4607103 and VEGFA SNP rs9472138 on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, respectively, await further confirmation by larger studies.
Example Output: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Does acute disruption of glucagon secretion or action improve glucose tolerance in an insulin-deficient mouse model of diabetes?
Answer: Disruption of glucagon action/secretion did not improve glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Near-total alpha cell elimination may have prevented further deterioration. Our findings support insulin lack as the major factor underlying hyperglycaemia in beta cell-deficient diabetes.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
yes
Question: Does mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhance liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2?
Answer: mPGES-2 deletion enhanced STZ-induced liver toxicity possibly via GLUT2-mediated STZ uptake, independently of diabetes mellitus.
yes
Question: Does nocturnal hypoxia exposure with simulated altitude for 14 days significantly alter working memory or vigilance in humans?
Answer: Two weeks of nocturnal continuous hypoxia in an altitude tent did not induce subjective sleepiness or impair objective vigilance and working memory. Caution is recommended in the extrapolation to humans the effects of hypoxia in animal models.
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Do patients with ClearCode34-identified molecular subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma represent unique populations with distinct comorbidities?
Answer: ClearCode34, after considering distinct patterns of comorbidities in each molecular subtype, remains a strong prognostic tool in patients with ccRCC. Obesity and diabetes mellitus emerged as factors that may influence ccRCC phenotypes and further studies investigating the effect of these metabolic conditions functionally onto tumor biology are warranted. Additionally, use of angiotensin system inhibitors could be studied in the context of ccRCC molecular classification in future studies to better understand its effect on ccRCC outcomes.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Is intranodal cytokeratin particles a predictive marker of efficacy for neoadjuvant therapies in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus?
Answer: Our findings suggest that HCP might reflect a degenerative change of cancer cells in lymph nodes and can predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Answer: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor slow progression of retinal nonperfusion in patients with diabetic macular edema?
Answer: Just as high VEGF levels contribute to progression of retinal nonperfusion in retinal vein occlusion, the same is true in patients with DME, suggesting that regardless of the underlying disease process, high levels of VEGF can cause closure of retinal vessels. However, our data also suggest that VEGF-induced worsening of retinal perfusion in DME is superimposed on another cause of more gradually worsening perfusion, possibly glucotoxicity. Thus, monthly injections of ranibizumab can slow, but not completely prevent, retinal capillary closure in patients with DME.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does classical swine fever virus induce oxidative stress in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells?
Answer: Our results indicated that CSFV infection induced oxidative stress in SUVECs. These findings provide novel information on the mechanism by which CSFV can alter intracellular events associated with the viral infection.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does renal excretion of fluoride after fluoride mouth rinse in children?
Answer: After the use of a fluoride mouthwash, in children, there is a statistically significant increase of fluoride ion in urine, which can be attributed to the application of this product.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does daily weight-bearing activity increase the risk of diabetic foot ulcers?
Answer: Increased weight-bearing activity did not increase the risk of foot re-ulceration. Further studies are needed to explore weight-bearing activities that are safe for those with diabetes and insensate feet.
| Output: no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does transgenic Cry1Ab rice impact ecological fitness and predation of a generalist spider?
Answer: The transgenic Cry1Ab rice lines tested in this study had no adverse effects on the survival, developmental time and fecundity of P. pseudoannulata in the laboratory or on predation under field conditions. This suggests that this important predator would not be harmed if transgenic Cry1Ab rice were commercialized.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does frailty predict major bleeding within 30days in elderly patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Answer: Frailty phenotype, as a marker of biological vulnerability, is an independent predictor of major bleeding in elderly patients with ACS. Frailty can play an important role in bleeding risk stratification and objective indices should be integrated into routine initial evaluation of these patients.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is l-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature altered in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: L-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature is not different between a group of hypertensive diabetic patients and a young, healthy reference group. These data were obtained using low-dose L-arginine infusion.
| Output: no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Is brain function rescue effect of lactate following hypoglycaemia an adaptation process in both normal and type I diabetic subjects?
Answer: A blood lactate increase after the development of hypoglycaemic symptoms reduces counterregulatory and symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and favours brain function rescue both in normal and diabetic subjects. These findings confirm that lactate is an alternative substrate to glucose for cerebral metabolism under hypoglycaemic conditions.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is brain function rescue effect of lactate following hypoglycaemia an adaptation process in both normal and type I diabetic subjects?
Answer: A blood lactate increase after the development of hypoglycaemic symptoms reduces counterregulatory and symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and favours brain function rescue both in normal and diabetic subjects. These findings confirm that lactate is an alternative substrate to glucose for cerebral metabolism under hypoglycaemic conditions.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Does implementing goal-directed protocols reduce length of stay after cardiac surgery?
Answer: A milestone-driven pathway supported by team rounding was associated with decreased lengths of CVICU and hospital stay. However, tracking patient trajectories by milestones suggests a more complex relationship than anticipated and presents new opportunities for SREBP implementation and research.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Do central adenosine A1 and A2A receptors mediate the antinociceptive effects of neuropeptide S in the mouse formalin test?
Answer: The above findings suggest that: (i) NPS evokes central antinociceptive effects by activating both A1 and A2A receptors during phase 1, but (ii) only the adenosine A2A receptor during phase 2 of the formalin test.
answer:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does local adenovirus-mediated transfer of C-type natriuretic peptide suppress vascular remodeling in porcine coronary arteries in vivo?
Answer: Adenovirus-mediated CNP gene transfer with the IABC system may be a useful gene therapy to prevent restenosis after PTCA in vivo.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Does the Activity of Antimicrobial Surfaces vary by Testing Protocol Utilized?
Answer: Varying results between protocols suggested that efficacy of antimicrobial surfaces cannot be easily and reproducibly compared. Clinical use should be considered and further development of representative methods is needed.
Example Output: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does diabetes alter mortality or hemostatic and inflammatory responses in patients with severe sepsis?
Answer: Although diabetes is a risk factor for sepsis, once established, the outcome of severe sepsis does not appear to be significantly influenced by the presence of diabetes. In nondiabetic patients, however, admission hyperglycemia is associated with an increased mortality.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Is plasminogen activation by fibroblasts from periodontal ligament and gingiva directly affected by chemokines in vitro?
Answer: These results suggest that plasminogen activation by PDL and GF is not directly affected by the chemokines even in the presence of the inflammatory mediators TGF-beta and IL-1.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Does off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation?
Answer: Avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass did not aid the reduction of atrial fibrillation at our institution.
Example Output: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does formononetin attenuate hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) -induced apoptosis and NF-κB activation in RGC-5 cells?
Answer: Formononetin may be developed as a antioxidant drug to treat diabetic retinopathy.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does diabetes mellitus activate signal transduction pathways resulting in vascular endothelial growth factor resistance of human monocytes?
Answer: We propose that elevated advanced glycation end products expression and increased oxidative stress in diabetic monocytes lead to activation of VEGFR-1-related signaling pathways and to desensitization of VEGFR-1 responses. These data establish VEGF resistance as a novel molecular concept for DM-related cellular dysfunction. | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are diabetes and increased lipid peroxidation associated with systemic inflammation even in well-controlled patients?
Answer: These findings show that dyslipidemia is associated with an increased inflammatory status, even in well-controlled diabetics and in normoglycemics. Our results suggest that lipid metabolism and peroxidation are important for the development of inflammation, which is elevated in several complications associated with diabetes.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Do novel meta-analysis-derived type 2 diabetes risk loci determine prediabetic phenotypes?
Answer: In contrast to the first series of GWA-derived type 2 diabetes candidate SNPs, we could not detect reliable associations of the novel risk loci with prediabetic phenotypes. Possible weak effects of ADAMTS9 SNP rs4607103 and VEGFA SNP rs9472138 on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, respectively, await further confirmation by larger studies.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Are filaggrin loss-of-function mutations a predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis in an Ishigaki Island under subtropical climate?
Answer: The FLG loss-of-function mutation frequency was not significantly different between the AD and non-AD groups in a cohort of children from Ishigaki Island, which has a subtropical climate, suggesting that FLG loss-of-function mutations are not always a predisposing factor for AD prevalence.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Does cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis predict worse caregiver 's health-related quality of life?
Answer: MS patients' caregivers' HRQoL is significantly influenced by information processing speed impairment of MS patients.
SOLUTION: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is meconium ileus in cystic fibrosis linked to central repetitive region length variation in MUC1 , MUC2 , and MUC5AC?
Answer: The genetic length variants in the central repetitive region of three MUC genes studied are not associated with MI in subjects with CF.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do ptosis and cranial nerve IV palsy reveal juvenile myasthenia gravis?
Answer: Although rare, myasthenia should be considered a diagnosis in children who present with variable ptosis or strabismus. Patients can be successfully treated with medication.
| Output: yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Does early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot lead to increased postoperative resource utilization?
Answer: Extracardiac anomalies, prematurity, low birth weight, and nonelective surgical intervention are predictors of increased morbidity and increased hospital resource utilization and impose a significant cost burden to the care of these patients. Early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot can be safely performed without any increase in morbidity or increased hospital resource utilization.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Does identification of structural alert for liver and kidney toxicity using repeated dose toxicity data?
Answer: It was not possible to assign an unambiguous mode of action for all the SAs, but a mechanistic explanation is provided for some of them. Such achievements may help in the early identification of liver and renal toxicity of substances.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Is brain function rescue effect of lactate following hypoglycaemia an adaptation process in both normal and type I diabetic subjects?
Answer: A blood lactate increase after the development of hypoglycaemic symptoms reduces counterregulatory and symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and favours brain function rescue both in normal and diabetic subjects. These findings confirm that lactate is an alternative substrate to glucose for cerebral metabolism under hypoglycaemic conditions.
answer:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Is expression of epigenetic modifiers significantly altered by exposure to secondhand smoke?
Answer: Quantification of the expression of genes encoding DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l), methyl binding domain proteins (Mecp2, Mbd2 and Mbd3) and histone deacetylases (Hdac1 and Hdac2) by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed modest but not statistically significant differences in the relative transcription of these key epigenetic regulators between SHS-exposed mice and age-matched controls. The non-significant changes in the expression of main epigenetic modifiers in SHS-exposed mice imply that SHS may predominantly induce genotoxic effects, particularly at non-tumorigenic doses, whereas epigenetic effects may only be secondary and manifest en route to tumor formation.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Do advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by human gingival fibroblasts?
Answer: AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in patients with diabetes and periodontitis.
[EX A]: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Is late onset spinal motor neuronopathy caused by mutation in CHCHD10?
Answer: Mutation c.197G>T p.G66V in CHCHD10 is the cause of the lower motor neuron syndrome LOSMoN/SMAJ. During the preparation of this article other mutations were reported to cause frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndrome, indicating that the CHCHD10 gene is largely important for the motor and cognitive neuronal systems.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does endothelin-Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor interaction induce pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in pulmonary arterial hypertension?
Answer: Endothelin-1 downregulates canonical BMPR2 signaling. This is related to decreased BMPR2 and increased anti-BMP gremlin expression associated with increased activation of p38(MAPK) and results in PA-SMC proliferation.
A: | yes
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Is childhood maltreatment associated with depression but not with hypochondriasis in later life?
Answer: The findings suggest a robust association of childhood maltreatment with depression but not with hypochondriasis. This result does not support etiological models of hypochondriasis which rely on childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for the development of this disorder.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Do progesterone receptor and PTEN expression predict survival in patients with low- and intermediate-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors?
Answer: Combined immunohistochemical assessment of PR and PTEN may help identify a small subset of PanNETs with more aggressive behavior and may aid in risk stratification.
Example Output: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Is magnesium sulfate used for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Mexico and Thailand as much as it should be?
Answer: Despite compelling evidence, magnesium sulfate use is below desired levels. Clinical practices should be audited and implementation of this effective intervention should be taken up as a priority where universal implementation is not in place.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Does proper timing of adjuvant chemotherapy affect survival in patients with stage 2 and 3 gastric cancer?
Answer: There is insufficient evidence to suggest starting adjuvant chemotherapy within 4 weeks after surgery for patients with D2 resected stage 2 and 3 gastric cancer. However, delayed treatment of adjuvant chemotherapy after 8 weeks showed worse survival outcomes than early and intermediate treatment initiation, suggesting that adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered start within 8 weeks after radical resection.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does blocking ET-1 receptors correct subnormal retinal oxygenation response in experimental diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Because subnormal retinal DeltaPo(2) after drug treatment is a biomarker of subsequent vascular histopathology, the present data raise the possibility that retinal ET-1 does not play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
answer:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Do serum miRNA biomarkers serve as a fingerprint for proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: These data provide evidence that serum miRNAs have the potential to be sensitive, cost-effective biomarkers for the early detection of PDR. These biomarkers could serve as a dynamic monitoring factor for detecting the progression of PDR from NPDR.
| Solution: yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do armband activity monitor data correlate with reported pain scores in patients receiving vertebroplasty?
Answer: Activity monitors can be used to objectively record changes in activity following vertebroplasty procedures. Patient-reported pain or disability scores do not correlate with activity monitor-measured activity or sleep metrics.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does the external Ballard examination accurately assess the gestational age of infants born at home in a rural community of The Gambia?
Answer: In this rural, community-born population of infants, postnatal assessment of gestational age by external Ballard examination performed poorly compared with ultrasound and last menstrual period. No reliable gestational age could be derived from its estimate and it failed to detect a significant proportion of high-risk infants. The development of an accurate but simple method of postnatally assessing gestational age specifically for use by health workers in rural Africa is required.
| Output: no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is fasting serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity independently associated with alanine aminotransferase in type 1 diabetic patients?
Answer: Fasting serum DPP4 activity might be associated with hepatic IR in T1DM patients and a part of soluble DPP4 activity might be of a hepatic origin. Further study investigation is warranted to elucidate this topic. | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is cD10 useful to identify gastrointestinal contamination in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration ( EUS-FNA ) cytology from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma?
Answer: As a loss of CD10 is a consistent feature of PDA, this marker can be useful, together with CEA, to aid the cytopathologist to identify neoplastic cells in a background rich in GI contaminant cells.
yes
Question: Does constitutive secretion of Interleukin-4 dictate CD133+ side population cells to resist drug treatment and cell death?
Answer: Our data suggest that the autocrine secretion of IL-4 is a potential target for the development of novel anticancer drugs to prevent the CSCs-mediated therapy failure and tumorigenesis.
yes
Question: Does mild-to-moderate intensity exercise improve cardiac autonomic drive in type 2 diabetes?
Answer: These data suggest that three times per week moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 6 months improves cardiac rhythm regulation as measured by heart rate variability in type 2 diabetic patients.
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is metabolic flexibility in response to glucose impaired in people with type 2 diabetes after controlling for glucose disposal rate?
Answer: This study suggests that metabolic inflexibility to glucose in type 2 diabetic subjects is mostly related to defective glucose transport.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does pPARγ activation affect endothelin activity in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia?
Answer: In non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and inflammation but does not affect endothelin activity. Our data suggest that the determinants of endothelin-1 vascular activity in vivo may differ and/or be more complex than those suggested by the results of previous in vitro studies.
| no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
Student: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Do several mechanical manipulations of the wall of the inner ear affect air and bone conduction auditory thresholds?
Answer: It is likely that an alternative mode of cochlear excitation is possible.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Is an Ile93Met substitution in the UCH-L1 gene a disease-causing mutation for idiopathic Parkinson 's disease?
Answer: Our study suggested that Ile93Met of UCH-L1 gene did not influence risk of IPD.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Is increased urine semaphorin-3A associated with renal damage in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease : a nested case-control study?
Answer: USEMA is independently associated with CKD in both diabetic and non diabetic hypertensive patients. Further studies may help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association and possibly the pathogenic changes leading to the development of CKD.
SOLUTION: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Part 1. Definition
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Part 2. Example
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Answer: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
Question: Does prolonged P wave duration predict stroke mortality among type 2 diabetic patients with prevalent non-major macrovascular disease?
Answer: As an easily measurable factor P wave duration merits further studies with higher number of patients to evaluate its importance in the estimation of stroke risk in type 2 diabetic patients with PNMMVD.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does mST1 coordinately regulate autophagy and apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice?
Answer: Mst1 knockout restores autophagy and protects against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, en route to the rescue against DCM.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Problem:Question: Does a new Agkistrodon halys venom-purified protein C activator prevent myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats?
Answer: Our results indicate that PCA has anti-fibrotic effects and that it may be used to treat myocardial fibrosis.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does induced-hyperglycemia attenuate erythromycin-induced acceleration of hypertonic liquid-phase gastric emptying in type-I diabetic patients?
Answer: The erythromycin-induced acceleration on gastric emptying of hypertonic liquids in diabetic patients is related to the plasma glucose level. The induced hyperglycemia reduces the erythromycin-induced acceleration of liquid-phase gastric emptying, decreasing the overall gastric emptying rate. In spite of the inhibitory effect of induced hyperglycemia on the gastric emptying of hypertonic liquids, erythromycin is still able to accelerate the emptying rate and could prove to be a useful prokinetic agent under hyperglycemic conditions.
| yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Are intrafollicular interleukin-8 , interleukin-12 , and adrenomedullin the promising prognostic markers of oocyte and embryo quality in women with endometriosis?
Answer: The levels of IL-8, IL-12, and adrenomedullin may be good indicators of embryo and oocyte quality in endometriosis patients undergoing IVF. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the potential of these markers for oocyte and embryo developmental competence which may help improve the chances of a successful IVF in endometriosis patients.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Is large prostate gland size a contraindication to low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma?
Answer: In men with large prostates, the PSI provides biochemical control and temporal changes in genitourinary toxicity that are comparable with men having smaller glands. Accurate dose optimization and delivery of PSI provides the best clinical outcomes regardless of gland size.
answer:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does vitamin D3 Partly antagonize Advanced-Glycation Endproducts-Induced NFκB Activation in Mouse Podocytes?
Answer: Vitamin D3 or its analog paricalcitol partly prevented AGE-mediated NFκB activation, an important feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Whether this in vitro finding is of clinical relevance to prevent/treat DN requires further studies.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Does progression rates and sample size estimate for PPMS based on the CLIMB study population?
Answer: Our modern PPMS cohort is demographically similar to previously studied cohorts. PPMS is associated with faster disability accrual than ROMS. Current real-world observations of time to sustained progression will inform design of new clinical trials for PPMS.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Does clopidogrel increase bleeding and allogenic blood transfusion in coronary artery surgery?
Answer: The results of this study suggest that preoperative use of clopidogrel is not associated with increased bleeding and need for surgical exploration as well as risk of blood and blood product transfusion after CABG.
[EX A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Do novel meta-analysis-derived type 2 diabetes risk loci determine prediabetic phenotypes?
Answer: In contrast to the first series of GWA-derived type 2 diabetes candidate SNPs, we could not detect reliable associations of the novel risk loci with prediabetic phenotypes. Possible weak effects of ADAMTS9 SNP rs4607103 and VEGFA SNP rs9472138 on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, respectively, await further confirmation by larger studies.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Do brain neuroplastic changes accompany anxiety and memory deficits in a model of complex regional pain syndrome?
Answer: The study findings provide novel observations regarding behavioral changes and brain plasticity in a mouse model of CRPS. In addition to elucidating some of the supraspinal correlates of the syndrome, this work supports the potential use of therapeutic interventions that not only directly target sensory input and other peripheral mechanisms, but also attempt to ameliorate the broader pain experience by modifying its associated cognitive and emotional comorbidities.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does novel individual metabolic profile characterize the protein kinase B-alpha ( pkbα-/- ) in vivo model?
Answer: Specific metabolic characterization should be assessed individually. Therefore, our in silico model enables novel insights inaugurating specific primary preventive strategies targeting individual metabolic profiling precisely.
Ex Output:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Do skin stretching for primary closure of acute burn wounds?
Answer: Skin Stretch for primary closure of acute burn wounds is a suitable technique and can be considered for specific circumscript full-thickness burn wounds. However, future research should be performed to provide additional scientific evidence.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does in vivo T-cell depletion enhance production of anti-GALalpha1,3GAL natural antibodies in alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient mice?
Answer: In vivo T-cell depletion facilitates anti-Gal IgM production, suggesting that T cells deliver inhibitory signals to B cells responding to Gal.
Answer: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency associated with chronic venous disorders : A case-control study?
Answer: We found no association of CCSVI with the presence of CVD or family history of varicose veins.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Is bone marrow involvement rare in superficial gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma?
Answer: Bone marrow involvement was rare in patients with only superficial gastric MALT lymphoma without extragastric invasion. Further studies are warranted to identify the risk factors of bone marrow involvement in gastric MALT lymphoma.
A: | yes
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Is carotid artery stenosis exacerbated in spontaneously obese model rats with diabetes?
Answer: The OLETF rats were obese, and diabetes worsened the degree of carotid artery stenosis. These results indicate the possibility of new therapies for carotid artery stenosis in obese and diabetic patients.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Why? The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input: Question: Does diabetes mellitus activate signal transduction pathways resulting in vascular endothelial growth factor resistance of human monocytes?
Answer: We propose that elevated advanced glycation end products expression and increased oxidative stress in diabetic monocytes lead to activation of VEGFR-1-related signaling pathways and to desensitization of VEGFR-1 responses. These data establish VEGF resistance as a novel molecular concept for DM-related cellular dysfunction.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does nonoperative immediate weightbearing of minimally displaced lateral compression sacral fractures result in displacement?
Answer: : Immediate weightbearing, tempered by patient comfort, is a safe and acceptable treatment for minimally displaced LC sacral fractures and results in union with minimal additional displacement.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is direct observation a valid criterion for estimating physical activity and sedentary behavior?
Answer: This study provides evidence that DO can be used as a criterion measure of absolute intensity in free-living validation studies.
| Output: yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Does the presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypia on prostate biopsy adversely affect prostatectomy outcomes for patients otherwise eligible for active surveillance?
Answer: The presence of HGPIN or ASAP does not increase the risk of upgrading, upstaging, or adverse pathology at the time of prostatectomy for patients who meet the AS criteria. If otherwise suitable, HGPIN and ASAP should not impact the decision to choose AS. However, analysis of prospective AS trials is required to determine if HGPIN or ASAP impacts tumor progression once on AS.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Does high expression of Cullin1 indicate poor prognosis for NSCLC patients?
Answer: These data suggested that Cullin1 might promote the progression of NSCLC and be a biotarget for NSCLC's therapy.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Does a new Agkistrodon halys venom-purified protein C activator prevent myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats?
Answer: Our results indicate that PCA has anti-fibrotic effects and that it may be used to treat myocardial fibrosis.
SOLUTION: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are myopia and/or longer axial length protective against diabetic retinopathy : a meta-analysis?
Answer: This meta-analysis suggests that both myopic refraction and longer AL are associated with a lower risk of DR. Further studies are needed to determine exact mechanisms underpinning the protective effect of myopia against DR.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Are front-of-pack symbols a reliable indicator of products with healthier nutrient profiles?
Answer: FOP symbols are being used to market foods that are no more nutritious than foods without this type of marketing. Because FOP symbols may influence consumer perceptions of products and their purchases, it may be a useful public health strategy to set minimum nutritional standards for products using FOP symbol marketing.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Are v600E BRAF mutations alternative early molecular events in a subset of KIT/PDGFRA wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumours?
Answer: BRAF mutations represent an alternative molecular pathway in the early tumorigenesis of a subset of KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GISTs and are per se not associated with a high risk of malignancy. Mutations in KIT, PDGFRA and BRAF were mutually exclusive in this study. Results from this and a previous study indicate that BRAF-mutated GISTs show a predilection for the small bowel (four of five tumours), but this needs further evaluation in larger studies.
answer:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Does insulin , unlike food intake , suppress ghrelin in human subjects?
Answer: Unlike food intake, the administration of insulin and glucose does not suppress ghrelin levels. These data suggest that the suppressive effect of food intake or oral glucose on serum ghrelin is unlikely mediated by the changes of plasma insulin and glucose observed after the ingestion.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does alirocumab , a Therapeutic Human Antibody to PCSK9 , Affect CD81 Levels or Hepatitis C Virus Entry and Replication into Hepatocytes?
Answer: These results suggest that inhibition of PCSK9 with alirocumab has no effect on CD81 and does not result in increased susceptibility to HCV entry.
[EX A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does mST1 coordinately regulate autophagy and apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice?
Answer: Mst1 knockout restores autophagy and protects against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, en route to the rescue against DCM.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Does plasma C5 glucose-to-2H2O ratio provide an accurate assessment of gluconeogenesis during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in either nondiabetic or diabetic humans?
Answer: Plasma C5 glucose-to-(2)H(2)O ratio does not provide an accurate assessment of gluconeogenesis in nondiabetic or diabetic subjects during a traditional (i.e., 2-3 h) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The conclusions of studies that have used this approach need to be reevaluated.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Are `` These issues n't talked about at home '' : a qualitative study of the sexual and reproductive health information preferences of adolescents in Vanuatu?
Answer: Providing adolescents with comprehensive SRH information can have life-long protective benefits, however there are important content gaps in information currently provided in Vanuatu. The broad range of sources preferred by adolescents highlights the need to strengthen information provision through multiple channels to reach in and out-of-school youth and respond to individual needs and contexts.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Do differential behavior patterns in cynomolgus monkey Macaca fascicularis in home cage in response to human gaze?
Answer: These results indicate that, even in their home cage, monkeys display a heightened level of awareness when gazed upon by a human observer, suggesting that human gaze may elicit emotional reactions. Further, under the human gaze, distinct behavioral subpatterns were apparent within the monkey cohort in our study, indicative of subgroups within the cohort.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Does sulforaphane prevent Neuronal Apoptosis and Memory Impairment in Diabetic Rats?
Answer: SFN could prevent the memory impairment and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in diabetic rat. The possible mechanism was related to the regulation of neurotropic factors and Akt/GSK3β pathway.
SOLUTION: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Is lamin A/C deficiency an independent risk factor for cervical cancer?
Answer: Lamin A/C deficiency may serve as an independent risk factor for CIN development and as an indicator for preventive therapy in cervical cancer.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Does an ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca catheter technique impair ambulatory ability within a clinical pathway for total hip arthroplasty?
Answer: BMI affects postoperative ambulation outcome after hip arthroplasty, whereas the type of regional analgesic technique used does not. An ultrasound-guided FIC technique offers similar analgesia with fewer side effects when compared with ITM.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Are fundus autofluorescence lifetimes increased in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Fundus Fluorescence lifetimes are significantly increased in NPDR while lens lifetimes are shorter in the patient group. Lifetime changes might be indicative for the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which enables detection of the disease with high sensitivity and specificity possibly bearing diagnostic merit.
[EX A]: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Is visceral pleural invasion a significant prognostic factor in patients with a part-solid lung cancer?
Answer: VPI may not contribute to the prognosis of patients with part-solid nodules. Thus, upgrading of the TNM stage on the basis of VPI should be carefully considered in these patients.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Do fenoterol enantiomers possess beneficial therapeutic properties of their racemic mixture in the rat model of post myocardial infarction dilated cardiomyopathy?
Answer: The conclusion drawn on the basis of previous experiments with single cardiomyocytes that RR-enantiomer of fenoterol represents an active component of racemic fenoterol and can be further investigated as a new drug for treatment of chronic heart failure was not confirmed in the whole animal model of DCM.
Example Output: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does post-exercise heart-rate recovery correlate to resting heart-rate variability in healthy men?
Answer: HRR from the 1st to 5th min post-exercise negatively correlated with parasympathetic modulation in resting orthostatic, but showed no correlation in supine position. At the 3rd and 5th min, a positive correlation with combined sympathetic-parasympathetic modulation in both positions was observed.
yes
Question: Does a shoe insole delivering subsensory vibratory noise improve balance and gait in healthy elderly people?
Answer: This study provides proof of concept that the application of the principle of stochastic resonance to the foot sole sensory system using a new low-voltage piezoelectric technology can improve measures of balance and gait that are associated with falls. Effective vibratory noise amplitudes range from 70% to 85% of the sensory threshold and can be set once daily.
yes
Question: Does diabetes mellitus activate signal transduction pathways resulting in vascular endothelial growth factor resistance of human monocytes?
Answer: We propose that elevated advanced glycation end products expression and increased oxidative stress in diabetic monocytes lead to activation of VEGFR-1-related signaling pathways and to desensitization of VEGFR-1 responses. These data establish VEGF resistance as a novel molecular concept for DM-related cellular dysfunction.
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Do manual Lymphatic Drainage and Active Exercise Effects on Lymphatic Function Translate Into Morbidities in Women Who Underwent Breast Cancer Surgery?
Answer: MLD and active exercise effects are equivalent with regard to morbidity. Minor changes in lymphatic function associated with either MLD or active exercises were not related to patients' symptoms or signs.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Does endothelial cell chimerism influence allograft tolerance in liver transplant patients after withdrawal of immunosuppression?
Answer: Endothelial cell chimerism has nothing to do with the induction of clinical tolerance in liver transplant patients after withdrawal of immunosuppression.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Does two-year statin therapy alter the progression of intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest cardiovascular disease?
Answer: There was no effect of 2 years' statin therapy on carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic subjects. The natural history of IMT in our patients was milder than anticipated. In contrast, we observed a significantly lower cardiovascular event rate on statin therapy. Prognostic tools other than IMT should be explored in this patient group.
Ex Output:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is branch segment occlusion with acute myocardial infarction a risk for left ventricular free wall rupture?
Answer: The incidence of LVFWR was higher in group B and branch segment occlusion was identified as an independent predictor of LVFWR.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does surfactant replacement therapy on ECMO improve outcome in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Answer: The data from this study suggest that surfactant replacement on ECMO for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia does not provide significant benefit in the infant's clinical course with respect to survival, length of ECMO course, length of intubation, or subsequent need for supplemental oxygen.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is methylglyoxal associated with changes in kidney function among individuals with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: In a population of people with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes, we observed associations between methylglyoxal and markers of renal function: 6-year change in methylglyoxal was inversely associated with 6-year change in eGFR. Also, methylglyoxal at baseline was positively associated with ACR at baseline. Our study lends further support to a role for methylglyoxal in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
| Output: yes
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Is methylglyoxal associated with changes in kidney function among individuals with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: In a population of people with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes, we observed associations between methylglyoxal and markers of renal function: 6-year change in methylglyoxal was inversely associated with 6-year change in eGFR. Also, methylglyoxal at baseline was positively associated with ACR at baseline. Our study lends further support to a role for methylglyoxal in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Are serum levels of the advanced glycation end products Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine influenced by treatment with the angiotensin receptor II type 1 blocker irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and hypertension?
Answer: Irbesartan did not alter the increase in pentosidine and CML in serum of type 2 diabetic patients with progressive nephropathy. This finding suggests that angiotensin receptor blockade alone is insufficient to reduce serum levels of AGEs in diabetic nephropathy.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Does standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for nerve tortuosity increase its association with measures of diabetic neuropathy?
Answer: Standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for tortuosity enhances the ability to differentiate individuals with diabetes, with and without neuropathy.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does two-year statin therapy alter the progression of intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest cardiovascular disease?
Answer: There was no effect of 2 years' statin therapy on carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic subjects. The natural history of IMT in our patients was milder than anticipated. In contrast, we observed a significantly lower cardiovascular event rate on statin therapy. Prognostic tools other than IMT should be explored in this patient group.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is use of antibiotics associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction among patients with diabetes?
Answer: Our study does not support the hypothesis that use of antibiotics has a protective effect for prevention of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Do novel meta-analysis-derived type 2 diabetes risk loci determine prediabetic phenotypes?
Answer: In contrast to the first series of GWA-derived type 2 diabetes candidate SNPs, we could not detect reliable associations of the novel risk loci with prediabetic phenotypes. Possible weak effects of ADAMTS9 SNP rs4607103 and VEGFA SNP rs9472138 on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, respectively, await further confirmation by larger studies.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does nitric acid passivation affect in vitro biocompatibility of titanium?
Answer: Although the protocol for passivation used here could interfere with the pattern of ions released from Ti-6Al-4V and cpTi surfaces, the present study did not show any effect of this surface treatment on in vitro biocompatibility of Ti as evaluated by osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Is the alloimmune response to the human platelet antigen-1a related to maternal-fetal killer immunoglobulinlike receptor/HLA-Cw combinations?
Answer: Maternal KIR/fetal HLA-Cw gene combinations that are involved in the fetomaternal tolerance do not appear to play a role in the HPA-1a alloimmunization.
A: | no
****
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is the covariation between burnout and sick leave due to mental disorders explained by a shared genetic liability : a prospective swedish twin study with a five-year follow-up?
Answer: The association between burnout and sick leave due to stress-related and other mental disorders seems to be a reflection of a shared genetic liability.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Is radiological review of specimen radiographs after breast localisation biopsy always necessary?
Answer: This study shows that a suitably trained or experienced surgeon can assess specimen radiographs effectively without the need for intraoperative radiological input although complete histological resection is not guaranteed despite specimen radiographs demonstrating clear margins.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Do hLA-DQB1 subtypes predict diabetic retinopathy in patients with type I diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Some haplotypes seem to predispose diabetic patients to diabetic retinopathy. HLA typing may be beneficial for predicting the prognosis of diabetic retinopathy in younger diabetic patients.
Ex Output:
| yes
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Do tECPR2 mutations cause a new subtype of familial dysautonomia like hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy with intellectual disability?
Answer: We suggest that the disease should therefore be classified as a new subtype of hereditary sensory-autonomic neuropathy. The discovery of additional mutations in non-Bukharian patients implies that this disease might be more common than previously appreciated and should therefore be considered in undiagnosed cases of intellectual disability with autonomic features and respiratory symptoms regardless of demographic origin.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Are epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus-8 associated with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma?
Answer: Angiofibroma does not appear to be associated with either HHV-8 or EBV, thereby excluding these viruses as potential etiologic agents. The lack of a correlation between the proliferative index and the age of the patient suggests the proposed puberty induced, testosterone-dependent tumor growth may not play a significant role in tumor development.
A: | no
****
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Does surfactant replacement therapy on ECMO improve outcome in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Answer: The data from this study suggest that surfactant replacement on ECMO for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia does not provide significant benefit in the infant's clinical course with respect to survival, length of ECMO course, length of intubation, or subsequent need for supplemental oxygen.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Do antioxidants attenuate myocyte apoptosis in the remote non-infarcted myocardium following large myocardial infarction?
Answer: Long-term treatment with the antioxidants probucol and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates oxidative stress, myocyte apoptosis, caspase-3 like activity and the expression of p53, bax and caspase-3 within RM in rats after a large myocardial infarction.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Does standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for nerve tortuosity increase its association with measures of diabetic neuropathy?
Answer: Standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for tortuosity enhances the ability to differentiate individuals with diabetes, with and without neuropathy.
SOLUTION: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Do combined effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women?
Answer: Obesity and type 2 diabetes, owing to their effects on adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators, contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. This study emphasizes healthy life style and better management of these metabolic disorders to avoid the pathogenesis of breast cancer and of other chronic diseases.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Is increased quantity of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells an independent predictor for improved clinical outcome in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma?
Answer: Increased quantity of tumor-infiltrating Tregs predicted improved clinical outcome in NKTCL patients.
A: | yes
****
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Q: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does digoxin accelerate progression of diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: These data suggest that digoxin therapy does not adversely affect the course of diabetic retinopathy.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Are levels of soluble CD30 in cord blood and peripheral blood during childhood correlated with the development of atopic disease or a family history of atopy?
Answer: These findings indicate that the sCD30 concentration in cord blood is not a reliable prognostic indicator of, nor a useful diagnostic marker for, atopic disease in children up to 7 years of age. If such correlations do exist, they might be masked by age-dependent variations in the circulating levels of sCD30, which may reflect individual differences in the maturation of children's immunological responses.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Are mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms associated with rheumatoid arthritis -- confirmation in two large cohorts?
Answer: MBL genotype groups are not associated with RA disease susceptibility or severity in this large study including a confirmation cohort. Compared with previous smaller studies these results add to more definite conclusions.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
[EX A]: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Q: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does prolonged P wave duration predict stroke mortality among type 2 diabetic patients with prevalent non-major macrovascular disease?
Answer: As an easily measurable factor P wave duration merits further studies with higher number of patients to evaluate its importance in the estimation of stroke risk in type 2 diabetic patients with PNMMVD.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Is resistive heating more effective than metallic-foil insulation in an experimental model of accidental hypothermia : A randomized controlled trial?
Answer: Resistive heating more than doubles the rewarming rate compared with that produced by reflective metal foil and does so without producing an afterdrop. It is therefore likely to be useful in the prehospital setting.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Do the diameters of the human retinal branch vessels change in darkness?
Answer: The small changes of retinal branch vessel diameters under different light conditions probably have little influence on the possible changes of retinal blood flow in healthy subjects.
answer:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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