patrickbdevaney/mia9 · Datasets at Hugging Face

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25

U.S. Climate Change Program. 2008. Adaptation
Options for Climate Sensitive Ecosystems and Resources. Final Report. Synthesis and Assessment
Product 4.4.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Climate Ready Estuaries, Draft Synthesis of Adaptation
Options for Coastal Areas.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. South Florida
multi-species recovery plan. Southeast Region, Vero
Beach, Florida.
U.S. Global Change Research Program. 2009.
Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States.
T.R. Karl, J.M. Melillo, and T.C. Peterson, eds. Cambridge University Press. http://downloads.globalchange.gov/usimpacts/pdfs/climate-impacts-repo
rt.pdf
Van Arman, J., G.A. Graves, and D. Fike. 2005.
Loxahatchee water-shed conceptual ecological
model. Wetlands 25(4): 926–942.
Vlaswinkel, B.M., and H.R. Wanless. 2009. Rapid
recycling of organic-rich carbonates during transgression: a complex coastal system in southwest
Florida. Pp. 91–112 in P. Swart, G. Eberli, and J.
McKenzie, eds. Perspectives in Sedimentary Geology: A tribute to the Career of R.N. Ginsburg, International Association of Sedimentologists Special
Publication, Wiley-Blackwell.
Wanless, H.R., R.W. Parkinson, and L.P. Tedesco.
1997. Sea level control on stability of Everglades
wetlands. Pp. 199–223 in S.M. Davis and J.C.
Ogden,eds. Everglades: The Ecosystem and Its
Restoration. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, Florida.
Williams, K., K.C. Ewel, R.P. Stumpf, F.E. Putz, and
T.W.Workman. 1999. Sea-level rise and coastal forest retreat on the west coast of Florida, USA. Ecology 80(6): 2045–2063.
Williams, K., M.V. Meads, and D.A. Sauerbrey.
1998. The roles of seedling salt-tolerance and resprouting in forest zonation on the west coast of
Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 85:
1745–1752.
Williams, S.J., B.T. Gutierrez, J.G. Titus, S.K. Gill,
D.R. Cahoon, E.R. Thieler, and K.E. Anderson.
2009. Sea level rise and its effects on the coast. In
Coastal Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise: A Focus on the
Mid-Atlantic Region. US Climate Change Science
Program, Washington, DC. http://www.epa.gov/
climatechange/effects/coastal/sap4-1.html
Wohlpart, S.L. 2007. The development of estuarine
systems in Southwest Florida: a perspective from the
Late Holocene history of oyster reef development.
M.S. thesis. Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers,
Florida. 160 p.
26

THE LONG-TERM SOLUTION
Some effects of climate change, such as acceleration of sealevel rise, have already begun. Others will begin in the
coming decades, and the time will come when Florida is
simultaneously and continuously challenged by many of
these effects. The long-term extent and severity of oceanic or
coastal effects caused by climate change including sea-level
rise ultimately depend on how rapidly humanity can eliminate
human sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases entering the atmosphere at harmful levels, now and
in the future.
FLORIDA OCEANS
AND
COASTAL COUNCIL
www.floridaoceanscouncil.org

Hyperlocal Observations Reveal Persistent Extreme Urban Heat in Southeast Florida
AMY CLEMENT,
a TIFFANY TROXLER,
b OAKLIN KEEFE,
c MARYBETH ARCODIA,
a MAYRA CRUZ,
a
ALYSSA HERNANDEZ,
b DIANA MOANGA,
d ZELALEM ADEFRIS,
e NATALIA BROWN,
e AND SUSAN JACOBSONf
a Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida b Department of Earth and Environment and Sea Level Solutions Center, Institute of Environment, Florida International University,
Miami, Florida c Massachusetts Institute of Technology–Woods Hole Oceanographic Insitution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science
and Engineering, Woods Hole, Massachusetts d Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California e Catalyst Miami, Miami, Florida f
Department of Journalism and Media, College of Communications, Architecture and the Arts, Florida International University,
Miami, Florida
(Manuscript received 9 August 2022, in final form 25 March 2023, accepted 17 May 2023)
ABSTRACT: Cities around the world are experiencing the effects of climate change via increasing extreme heat worsened by urbanization. Within cities, there are disparities in extreme heat exposure that are apparent in various surface and
remotely sensed observations, as well as in the health impacts. There are, however, large data gaps in our ability to quantify
the heat experienced by people in their daily lives across urban areas. In this paper, we use hyperlocal observations to measure heat around Miami–Dade County, Florida. Temperature and humidity measurements were collected at sites throughout the county between 2018 and 2021 with low-cost sensors. By comparing these hyperlocal observations with a National
Weather Service (NWS) site at the Miami International Airport (MIA), we show that maximum temperatures are on average 68F (3.38C) higher and maximum heat index values are 118F (6.18C) higher at sites in the county than at MIA. These
measurements show that many sites frequently record a heat index above the local threshold value for heat advisory. This
is in contrast with the fact that few forecast advisories are issued, and there are correspondingly few exceedances of the
threshold at MIA. We use these results to motivate a discussion about the issues of this particular threshold for Miami–
Dade County. We highlight the need for data that are closer to residents’ lived experience to assess the impacts of heat and
help inform local and regional decision-making, particularly where heat exposure may be underappreciated as a potential
public health hazard.
KEYWORDS: Atmosphere; Ocean; Climate; Climate records; Societal impacts
1. Introduction
Climate change is causing increasing extreme heat around
the world (Dahl et al. 2019; Perkins-Kirkpatrick and Lewis
2020). Exposure to extreme heat is made worse in cities due to
the urban heat island effect (Keith and Meerow 2021). In addition to the overall hotter temperatures in cities, there is also a
distribution of heat exposure within cities that is impacted by
local conditions (Ziter et al. 2019; Manoli et al. 2019; Tuholske
et al. 2021). Quantitative information about heat exposure across
cities is critical for understanding and attributing heat impacts,

25

U.S. Climate Change Program. 2008. Adaptation

Options for Climate Sensitive Ecosystems and Resources. Final Report. Synthesis and Assessment

Product 4.4.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Climate Ready Estuaries, Draft Synthesis of Adaptation

Options for Coastal Areas.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. South Florida

multi-species recovery plan. Southeast Region, Vero

Beach, Florida.

U.S. Global Change Research Program. 2009.

Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States.

T.R. Karl, J.M. Melillo, and T.C. Peterson, eds. Cambridge University Press. http://downloads.globalchange.gov/usimpacts/pdfs/climate-impacts-repo

rt.pdf

Van Arman, J., G.A. Graves, and D. Fike. 2005.

Loxahatchee water-shed conceptual ecological

model. Wetlands 25(4): 926–942.

Vlaswinkel, B.M., and H.R. Wanless. 2009. Rapid

recycling of organic-rich carbonates during transgression: a complex coastal system in southwest

Florida. Pp. 91–112 in P. Swart, G. Eberli, and J.

McKenzie, eds. Perspectives in Sedimentary Geology: A tribute to the Career of R.N. Ginsburg, International Association of Sedimentologists Special

Publication, Wiley-Blackwell.

Wanless, H.R., R.W. Parkinson, and L.P. Tedesco.

1997. Sea level control on stability of Everglades

wetlands. Pp. 199–223 in S.M. Davis and J.C.

Ogden,eds. Everglades: The Ecosystem and Its

Restoration. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, Florida.

Williams, K., K.C. Ewel, R.P. Stumpf, F.E. Putz, and

T.W.Workman. 1999. Sea-level rise and coastal forest retreat on the west coast of Florida, USA. Ecology 80(6): 2045–2063.

Williams, K., M.V. Meads, and D.A. Sauerbrey.

1998. The roles of seedling salt-tolerance and resprouting in forest zonation on the west coast of

Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 85:

1745–1752.

Williams, S.J., B.T. Gutierrez, J.G. Titus, S.K. Gill,

D.R. Cahoon, E.R. Thieler, and K.E. Anderson.

2009. Sea level rise and its effects on the coast. In

Coastal Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise: A Focus on the

Mid-Atlantic Region. US Climate Change Science

Program, Washington, DC. http://www.epa.gov/

climatechange/effects/coastal/sap4-1.html

Wohlpart, S.L. 2007. The development of estuarine

systems in Southwest Florida: a perspective from the

Late Holocene history of oyster reef development.

M.S. thesis. Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers,

Florida. 160 p.

26

THE LONG-TERM SOLUTION

Some effects of climate change, such as acceleration of sealevel rise, have already begun. Others will begin in the

coming decades, and the time will come when Florida is

simultaneously and continuously challenged by many of

these effects. The long-term extent and severity of oceanic or

coastal effects caused by climate change including sea-level

rise ultimately depend on how rapidly humanity can eliminate

human sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse

gases entering the atmosphere at harmful levels, now and

in the future.

FLORIDA OCEANS

AND

COASTAL COUNCIL

www.floridaoceanscouncil.org

Hyperlocal Observations Reveal Persistent Extreme Urban Heat in Southeast Florida

AMY CLEMENT,

a TIFFANY TROXLER,

b OAKLIN KEEFE,

c MARYBETH ARCODIA,

a MAYRA CRUZ,

a

ALYSSA HERNANDEZ,

b DIANA MOANGA,

d ZELALEM ADEFRIS,

e NATALIA BROWN,

e AND SUSAN JACOBSONf

a Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida b Department of Earth and Environment and Sea Level Solutions Center, Institute of Environment, Florida International University,

Miami, Florida c Massachusetts Institute of Technology–Woods Hole Oceanographic Insitution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science

and Engineering, Woods Hole, Massachusetts d Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California e Catalyst Miami, Miami, Florida f

Department of Journalism and Media, College of Communications, Architecture and the Arts, Florida International University,

Miami, Florida

(Manuscript received 9 August 2022, in final form 25 March 2023, accepted 17 May 2023)

ABSTRACT: Cities around the world are experiencing the effects of climate change via increasing extreme heat worsened by urbanization. Within cities, there are disparities in extreme heat exposure that are apparent in various surface and

remotely sensed observations, as well as in the health impacts. There are, however, large data gaps in our ability to quantify

the heat experienced by people in their daily lives across urban areas. In this paper, we use hyperlocal observations to measure heat around Miami–Dade County, Florida. Temperature and humidity measurements were collected at sites throughout the county between 2018 and 2021 with low-cost sensors. By comparing these hyperlocal observations with a National

Weather Service (NWS) site at the Miami International Airport (MIA), we show that maximum temperatures are on average 68F (3.38C) higher and maximum heat index values are 118F (6.18C) higher at sites in the county than at MIA. These

measurements show that many sites frequently record a heat index above the local threshold value for heat advisory. This

is in contrast with the fact that few forecast advisories are issued, and there are correspondingly few exceedances of the

threshold at MIA. We use these results to motivate a discussion about the issues of this particular threshold for Miami–

Dade County. We highlight the need for data that are closer to residents’ lived experience to assess the impacts of heat and

help inform local and regional decision-making, particularly where heat exposure may be underappreciated as a potential

public health hazard.

KEYWORDS: Atmosphere; Ocean; Climate; Climate records; Societal impacts

1. Introduction

Climate change is causing increasing extreme heat around

the world (Dahl et al. 2019; Perkins-Kirkpatrick and Lewis

2020). Exposure to extreme heat is made worse in cities due to

the urban heat island effect (Keith and Meerow 2021). In addition to the overall hotter temperatures in cities, there is also a

distribution of heat exposure within cities that is impacted by

local conditions (Ziter et al. 2019; Manoli et al. 2019; Tuholske

et al. 2021). Quantitative information about heat exposure across

cities is critical for understanding and attributing heat impacts,