pubmed_ids
stringlengths 41
6.9k
| questions
stringlengths 13
215
| ground_truth
stringlengths 2
7.79k
|
|---|---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825187,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28427232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635948,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983247,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812319 | With which cancers has the loss of SMARCB1 been associated? | Genotyping cancer-associated genes in chordoma identifies mutations in oncogenes and areas of chromosomal loss involving CDKN2A, PTEN, and SMARCB1 Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs)We therefore sought to identify novel mutations to better understand chordoma biology and to potentially identify therapeutic targets Genotyping cancer-associated genes in chordoma identifies mutations in oncogenes and areas of chromosomal loss involving CDKN2A, PTEN, and SMARCB1The diagnosis is all the more challenging that other poorly differentiated cancers lose SMARCB1 expression, such as epithelioid sarcomas (ES), renal medullary carcinomas (RMC) or undifferentiated chordomas (UC) Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs)Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs).Genotyping cancer-associated genes in chordoma identifies mutations in oncogenes and areas of chromosomal loss involving CDKN2A, PTEN, and SMARCB1. Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas . The diagnosis is all the more challenging that other poorly differentiated cancers lose SMARCB1 expression, such as epithelioid sarcomas . |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14555468,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24424980,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20501974,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3219911,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10806101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11559751 | Where do centromeres locate according to the Rabl orientation of eukaryotic nuclei? | The Rabl orientation is an example of the non-random arrangement of chromosomes, centromeres are grouped in a limited area near the nuclear periphery and telomeres are located apart from centromeres.The Rabl orientation is an example of the non-random arrangement of chromosomes, centromeres are grouped in a limited area near the nuclear periphery and telomeres are located apart from centromeres. telomeric Yq12 sequence also localized together with perinucleolar centromeres in a completely non-Rabl orientation. During interphase in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, centromeres are clustered near one pole of the nucleus as a rosette with the spindle pole body at its hub. We show that most of this preferential association is not due to vegetative (also known as somatic) pairing but is caused by the polar orientation of interphase chromosomes (Rabl orientation) This was taken as good evidence for the maintenance of the chromosome arrangement - the Rabl orientation - and of the peripheral location of the centromere and its association with the nuclear membrane. Homologous chromosomes were spatially separated in nuclei.the nuclear membraneThis was taken as good evidence for the maintenance of the chromosome arrangement - the Rabl orientation - and of the peripheral location of the centromere and its association with the nuclear membrane. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10228167,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21949764,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10228166,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23380569,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21437278 | What is the function of STAR elements in yeast telomeres? | Subtelomeres also contain Sub-Telomeric Anti-silencing Regions (STARs). We also show that the deletion of Histone-Acetyltransferase genes reduce the silencing activity of an ACS proto-silencer, but also reduce the anti-silencing activity of a STAR. The telomere-proximal portion of either X or Y' dampened silencing when located between the telomere and the reporter gene. These elements were named STARs, for subtelomeric anti-silencing regions. STARs can also counteract silencer-driven repression at the mating-type HML locus. When two STARs bracket a reporter gene, its expression is no longer influenced by surrounding silencing elements, although these are still active on a second reporter gene.These elements were named STARs, for subtelomeric anti-silencing regions. Subtelomeres also contain Sub-Telomeric Anti-silencing Regions (STARs). We also show that the deletion of Histone-Acetyltransferase genes reduce the silencing activity of an ACS proto-silencer, but also reduce the anti-silencing activity of a STAR. In addition, an intervening STAR uncouples the silencing of neighboring genes. The telomere-proximal portion of either X or Y' dampened silencing when located between the telomere and the reporter gene. STARs thus display the hallmarks of insulators.Subtelomeres also contain Sub-Telomeric Anti-silencing Regions (STARs).Subtelomeres also contain Sub-Telomeric Anti-silencing Regions (STARs). We also show that the deletion of Histone-Acetyltransferase genes reduce the silencing activity of an ACS proto-silencer, but also reduce the anti-silencing activity of a STAR.STARs are subtelomeric anti-silencing regions that can counteract silencer-driven repression at the mating-type HML locus. When two STARs bracket a reporter gene, its expression is no longer influenced by surrounding silencing elements, although these are still active on a second reporter gene. In addition, an intervening STAR uncouples the silencing of neighboring genes. STARs thus display the hallmarks of insulators. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28467869 | Name the phase 3 clinical trials for tofacitinib in colitis. | There are three phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of tofacitinib therapy in adults with ulcerative colitis: OCTAVE Induction 1, OCTAVE Induction 2, OCTAVE Sustain.OCTAVE Induction 1, OCTAVE Induction 2, and OCTAVE Sustain ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01465763 , NCT01458951 , and NCT01458574 . |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19836866,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25509894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22023901 | What is the mode of action of the drug Prolia? | Prolia, also known as denosumab is an anti-RANKL agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. It works by preventing the development of osteoclasts which are cells that break down bone. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20654714,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22927401 | How does parathyroid hormone affect circulating levels of periostin? | Parathyroid hormone can upregulate periostin levels. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27292798 | What is MINDY (motif interacting with Ub-containing novel DUB family)? | MINDY-1 is a member of an evolutionarily conserved and structurally distinct new family of deubiquitinating enzymes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26549202,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28775826,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26977433,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27378549,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27001617 | Has the proteome of mice hippocampus been analysed? | Yes, numerous proteomic studies of mice hippcampi has been performed. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25874001 | Was saracatinib being considered as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease in November 2017? | Yes, saracatinib is being studied as a treatment against Alzheimer's Disease. A clinical Phase Ib study has been completed, and a clinical Phase IIa study is ongoing. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9177778,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8896561,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6177004,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6538846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100785,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3248380,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2767161,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7606923 | Are mouse chromosomes acrocentric? | yesMouse chromosomes are acrocentric and of similar size. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28920433,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27919414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28646538,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28922609,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28802308,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28598015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26243339 | Is overproduction of transthyretin is associated with amyloidosis associated neuropathy? | Yes, an overproduction of transthyretin is associated with amyloidosis associated neuropathy.Transthyretin-associated familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) is a disease caused by the deposit of abnormal transthyretin on tissues, mainly nerves |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16061113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599105,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19673365,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255999 | What is cebocephaly | Cebocephaly is a developmental anomaly of the head characterized by a small head, with a defective small, flattened nose with a single nostril or absent nose and closely set eyes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27391817,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25121490 | How can network assortativity be applied in the three-dimensional analysis of the genome? | Chromatin assortativity is a way to integrate the epigenomic landscape of a specific cell type with its chromatin interaction network and thus investigate which proteins or chromatin marks mediate genomic contacts. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27689735,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28798049 | Which phase III clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis involve baricitinib? (November 2017) | The phase 3 clinical trials of baricitinib in rheumatoid arthritis patients are: RA-BEACON, RA-BUILD, RA-BEAM. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24917451,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25758298,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27610133,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28207464,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27886561,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926368,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26961117,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26547116,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25081584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25010615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28283367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26658438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22270686,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27919588,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28077252,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25142767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28365841,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27938922,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28040430 | Which disease risk can be estimated with the Stop-Bang questionnaire? | Stop-Bang questionnaire is used to predict risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27432850,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28813765,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24171820,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034777,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508190,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19811111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19651385,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26808981,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25534557,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28084708,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28539438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28273842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27553073 | List indications for palivizumab for treatment of RSV-induced bronchiolitis. | According to guidelines palivizumab is available for treatment of RSV-induced bronchiolitis in high-risk infants: born before 29 weeks' gestation, infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity, and infants and children with hemodynamically significant heart disease. Palivizumab reduces the burden of bronchiolitis but does not prevent infection. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28228406,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27527525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27787629,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28723974 | List factors that promote lymphangiogenesis. | VEGF-C
VEGF-D
VEGF-R3 |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26009994,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27147553 | Which siRNA based drug is in clinical trials for the treatment of pancreatic cancer? | siG12D-LODERTM has been tested in a phase 1/2a clinical trial of patients with pancreatic cancer.siG12D-LODER™ |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19170077,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22969794,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18539602,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361875 | How is CTCF activated post-translationally? | The chromatin insulator protein CTCF carries a post-translational modification: poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation regulates CTCF-dependent chromatin insulation. the chromatin insulator protein CTCF carries a post-translational modification: poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation Chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip analysis documented that the link between CTCF and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation extended to more than 140 mouse CTCF target sites. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation regulates CTCF-dependent chromatin insulation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26921234 | What is the HPG pore? | The use of nanopore technologies is expected to spread in the future because they are portable and can sequence long fragments of DNA molecules without prior amplification. The first nanopore sequencer available, the MinION™ from Oxford Nanopore Technologies, is a USB-connected, portable device that allows real-time DNA analysis. In addition, other new instruments are expected to be released soon, which promise to outperform the current short-read technologies in terms of throughput. Despite the flood of data expected from this technology, the data analysis solutions currently available are only designed to manage small projects and are not scalable. HPG pore is a toolkit for exploring and analysing nanopore sequencing data. HPG Pore can run on both individual computers and in the Hadoop distributed computing framework, which allows easy scale-up to manage the large amounts of data expected to result from extensive use of nanopore technologies in the future. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5470040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15803962,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/589307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21375200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17880731 | SGOT is an abbreviation for an enzyme other wise known as alanine amino transferase, yes or no? | patients with aspartate amino transferase (SGOT), alanine amino transferase (SGPT),Aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase, also known as AspAT/ASAT/AAT/AST is also known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase SGOTpatients with aspartate amino transferase (SGOT), alanine amino transferase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST-SGOT), alanine amino-transferase (ALT-SGPT)patients with aspartate amino transferase (SGOT), alanine amino transferase (SGPT), Alanine amino transferase (SGPT), |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26338094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389707,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893208 | Is patisiran currently (November 2017) in clinical phase II trials? | No, patisiran is in phase 3 clinical studies.No, patisiran is in clinical phase 3 trials |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605519 | Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for cancer subtype identification? | Identifying molecular cancer subtypes from multi-omics data is an important step in the personalized medicine. CancerSubtypes is an R/Bioconductor package for molecular cancer subtype identification, validation and visualization. CancerSubtypes integrates four main computational methods which are highly cited for cancer subtype identification and provides a standardized framework for data pre-processing, feature selection, and result follow-up analyses, including results computing, biology validation and visualization. The input and output of each step in the framework are packaged in the same data format, making it convenience to compare different methods. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29067346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26238576,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28593105,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28649604,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24450890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26990863,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26815584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27223100,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27239541 | Is Solanezumab effective for Alzheimer's Disease? | No. Solanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds amyloid, failed to improve cognition or functional ability in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24669633 | Are organisms in the genus Morexella associated with sepsis? | Moraxella species may cause neonatal sepsis |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28581502 | Are there mammalian promoters with distal enhancer functions? | Yes. Several studies have suggested that some promoters might have enhancer functions. By exploiting a high-throughput enhancer reporter assay, scientists have unraveled a set of mammalian promoters displaying enhancer activity. These promoters have distinct genomic and epigenomic features and frequently interact with other gene promoters. Extensive CRISPR-Cas9 genomic manipulation demonstrated the involvement of these promoters in the cis regulation of expression of distal genes in their natural loci. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21358337,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28040706,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18219832,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24702757,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23844200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14636645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16283319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22057232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042122,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12387810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12966608,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22614345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10666224,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15720243,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505242,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9758573,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28624931,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24318677,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28690860,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20437121,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25393764,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24980720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15529356 | What gene is mutated in Familial Mediterranean Fever? | The MEFV gene which encodes the pyrin protein is mutated in Familial Mediterranean Fever(FMF). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334349 | Which R/bioconductor package has been developed to aid in epigenomic analysis? | DeepBlueR is a package that allows for large-scale epigenomic analysis in R.DeepBlueR |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27312322,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992938,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27677223,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21567925,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22863195,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28116328,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21341209,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28820180,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12362985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2886666,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928016,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29150909,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2037280,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27762305,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21667357,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19533842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25402547,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20839288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8456806 | Is autosomal dominant inheritanced form of Osteogenesis imperfecta caused by mutations in the genes associated with collagen production? | Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a group of genetic disorders that mainly affect the bones. The autosomal dominant form of the disease is cause by a mutation in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes which produce type I collagen.steogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous bone disorder characterized by recurrent fractures. Although most cases of OI have heterozygous mutations inCOL1A1orCOL1A2and show autosomal dominant inheritance, |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24882690,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24797159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26487500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26555450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27163156,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25875256 | Is Apremilast effective for Behcet’s syndrome? | Yes. Apremilast was proven to be effective for treatment of Behcet’s syndrome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26496460,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12011111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16467386,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21086038,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514231 | Are splicing speckles associated with transcription? | Speckles contain little detectable transcriptional activity.yes |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924471,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27805315,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503793,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389707 | What is miravirsen? | Miravirsen is the first miRNA-targeting drug for the treatment of hepatitis C.Miravirsen is an AntimiR-122 for hepatitis C virus infection. Miravirsen, a locked-nucleic acid oligonucleotide, sequesters miR-122 and inhibits HCV replication. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27618925,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11719744,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934845,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23613571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19054454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26141740,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27358410,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27573720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29045629,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27493985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23783139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28469911,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231926,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28991775,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27439523,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22432746 | Centor criteria are used for which disease? | Centor criteria were developed to diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26643807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22413865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27052640,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23911595,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20124186,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150385,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259301 | Does Enzastaurin improve survival of glioblastoma patients? | No. Treatment with enzastaurin does not improve survival of glioblastoma patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22894574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28467869,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27663846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28503977,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28164724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28158411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27140405,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27699641,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28601639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28790099,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25651782,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28475384,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26608188 | Is Tofacitinib effective for Ulcerative Colitis? | Yes. Tofacitinib, an oral small-molecule Janus kinase inhibitor, is effective in the treatment of moderate-severe ulcerative colitis. It is also effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24320178,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20967239,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12897057,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18177499,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11798163,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19917250,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571382 | Which are the main transcriptional activators of circadian oscillations? | Mammalian CLOCK and BMAL1 are two members of bHLH-PAS-containing family of transcription factors that represent the positive elements of circadian autoregulatory feedback loop.BMAL1 and CLOCK.Mammalian CLOCK and BMAL1 are two members of bHLH-PAS-containing family of transcription factors that represent the positive elements of circadian autoregulatory feedback loop. We have examined abundance, posttranslational modifications, cellular localization of endogenous and ectopically expressed CLOCK and BMAL1 proteins. Nuclear/cytoplasm distribution of CLOCK was found to be under circadian regulation.Mammalian CLOCK and BMAL1 are two members of bHLH-PAS-containing family of transcription factors that represent the positive elements of circadian autoregulatory feedback loop. Nuclear/cytoplasm distribution of CLOCK was found to be under circadian regulation. Two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) PAS (for Period-Arnt-Sim) domain-containing transcriptional activators, CLOCK and BMAL1, are known to regulate gene expression by interacting with a promoter element termed the E-box (CACGTG).Mammalian CLOCK and BMAL1 are two members of bHLH-PAS-containing family of transcription factors that represent the positive elements of circadian autoregulatory feedback loop. We have examined abundance, posttranslational modifications, cellular localization of endogenous and ectopically expressed CLOCK and BMAL1 proteins. Formation of CLOCK/BMAL1 complex following ectopic coexpression of both proteins is followed by their codependent phosphorylation, which is tightly coupled to CLOCK nuclear translocation and degradation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25031400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28017136,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28424976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752224,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28069295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28292834 | Is CREB a key memory protein? | The creb protein is associated with memoryYes, human cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) transcription factor plays a crucial role in memory. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27271195,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396102 | Which clinical trials for psoriasis involved tofacitinib? (November 2017) | Four phase 3 clinical trials have been performed to assess tofacitinib in psoriasis patients: OPT Retreatment, OPT Pivotal 1, OPT Pivotal 2, OPT Compare |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28122069,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22123062,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18703004,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372543,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20430307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20071701,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28140549,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934030,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27826996,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23745965,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28280401,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27450626,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22758911,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436972,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28224166,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20540088,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28423301,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18706417,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28150333,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24410536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23278559,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19886505,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29042094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099816,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28300862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19882785,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24734995,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20645530,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24553909,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20421912,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18486739,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19344192 | Which two interleukins are inhibited by Ustekinumab? | Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the shared p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, is approved in the USA and Europe for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389324,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28624872 | What is a potential side effect for Tymlos? | Possible bone cancer (osteosarcoma). During animal drug testing, TYMLOS caused some rats to develop a bone cancer called osteosarcoma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28669346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27707887,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27865624,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28054318,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27545320,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27498387,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28050598 | Which disorder has been approved for treatment with Alk inhibitors? | Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is detected in 3-7% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Crizotinib is an ALK inhibitor, which was approved in 2011 for the treatment of ALK-positive lung cancer.Crizotinib was approved to treat anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28848698,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27471612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28435391 | List proteins that are targeted by "immune checkpoints inhibitors". | The treatment landscape of advanced melanoma has changed significantly following the discovery and marketing authorisation of immune checkpoints inhibitors. Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) was the first one to be approved, and it. demonstrated long-term survival in about 20% of patients. Subsequently, anti-programmed cell death-1 (a-PD-1) antibodies (pembrolizuamb, nivolumab), inhibitors of PD-1/programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD1-L) synapse, showed higher clinical efficacy with lower toxicity comparing to ipilimumab. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25577568,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19309453,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16478940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28111153,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16284307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25145395,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28589936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049520,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27440550,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752389,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22409484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22368074,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17077182,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546359,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16126837,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14742873 | Which genes belong to the AUX/IAA family of transcription repressors in plants? | The Aux/IAA proteins are auxin-sensitive repressors that mediate diverse physiological and developmental processes in plants [1, 2]. There are 29 Aux/IAA genes in Arabidopsis that exhibit unique but partially overlapping patterns of expression Plant Stress Tolerance Requires Auxin-Sensitive Aux/IAA Transcriptional RepressorsThe Aux/IAA proteins are auxin-sensitive repressors that mediate diverse physiological and developmental processes in plants [1, 2]. There are 29 Aux/IAA genes in Arabidopsis that exhibit unique but partially overlapping patterns of expressionThe Aux/IAA proteins are auxin-sensitive repressors that mediate diverse physiological and developmental processes in plants [1, 2]. Several DREB/CBF TFs directly promote transcription of the IAA5 and IAA19 genes in response to abiotic stress. Auxin enhances the binding of Aux/IAA proteins to the receptor TIR1, which is an F-box protein that is part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCF(TIR1).Auxin is sensed by SCFTIR1-IAA6 and SCFTIR1-IAA19 co-receptor complexes, which leads to IAA6/IAA19 ubiquitylation in vitro and IAA6/IAA19 degradation in vivo. EgrIAA4 protein is localized in the nucleus and functions as an auxin-responsive repressor. Evidence also exists for SCF(TIR1)-mediated ubiquitination of the Aux/IAA proteins SHY2/IAA3 and BDL/IAA12The Aux/IAA proteins are auxin-sensitive repressors that mediate diverse physiological and developmental processes in plants [1, 2]. Auxin dose-response assays revealed that IAA9 downregulated lines were hypersensitive to auxin, although the only early auxin-responsive gene that was found to be upregulated in the antisense lines was IAA3. We report here that the downregulation of IAA9, a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) gene from a distinct subfamily of Aux/IAA genes, results in a pleiotropic phenotype, consistent with its ubiquitous expression pattern. While no mutation in any member of subfamily IV has been reported to date, the phenotypes associated with the downregulation of IAA9 reveal distinct and novel roles for members of the Aux/IAA gene family. Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins that repress expression of primary/early auxin response genes in protoplast transfection assays. Here, we systematically dissect auxin sensing by SCFTIR1-IAA6 and SCFTIR1-IAA19 co-receptor complexes, and assess IAA6/IAA19 ubiquitylation in vitro and IAA6/IAA19 degradation in vivo. Binding of Aux/IAA proteins leads to degradation via the 26S proteasome, but evidence for SCF(TIR1)-mediated poly-ubiquitination of Aux/IAA proteins is lacking. The Aux/IAA proteins are auxin-sensitive repressors that mediate diverse physiological and developmental processes in plants [1, 2]. The tomato Aux/IAA transcription factor IAA9 is involved in fruit development and leaf morphogenesis. There are 29 Aux/IAA genes in Arabidopsis that exhibit unique but partially overlapping patterns of expression. Several DREB/CBF TFs directly promote transcription of the IAA5 and IAA19 genes in response to abiotic stress. Plant Stress Tolerance Requires Auxin-Sensitive Aux/IAA Transcriptional Repressors. While no mutation in any member of subfamily IV has been reported to date, the phenotypes associated with the downregulation of IAA9 reveal distinct and novel roles for members of the Aux/IAA gene family. Nce for SCF-mediated ubiquitination of the Aux/IAA proteins SHY2/IAA3 and BDL/IAA12. Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins that repress expression of primary/early auxin response genes in protoplast transfection assays. We showed that EgrIAA4 protein is localized in the nucleus and functions as an auxin-responsive repressor. Here, we systematically dissect auxin sensing by SCFTIR1-IAA6 and SCFTIR1-IAA19 co-receptor complexes, and assess IAA6/IAA19 ubiquitylation in vitro and IAA6/IAA19 degradation in vivo. Plant Stress Tolerance Requires Auxin-Sensitive Aux/IAA Transcriptional Repressors. The Aux/IAA proteins are auxin-sensitive repressors that mediate diverse physiological and developmental processes in plants [1, 2]. There are 29 Aux/IAA genes in Arabidopsis that exhibit unique but partially overlapping patterns of expression. The tomato Aux/IAA transcription factor IAA9 is involved in fruit development and leaf morphogenesis. Several DREB/CBF TFs directly promote transcription of the IAA5 and IAA19 genes in response to abiotic stress. Here, we systematically dissect auxin sensing by SCFTIR1-IAA6 and SCFTIR1-IAA19 co-receptor complexes, and assess IAA6/IAA19 ubiquitylation in vitro and IAA6/IAA19 degradation in vivo. We showed that EgrIAA4 protein is localized in the nucleus and functions as an auxin-responsive repressor. Auxin dose-response assays revealed that IAA9 downregulated lines were hypersensitive to auxin, although the only early auxin-responsive gene that was found to be upregulated in the antisense lines was IAA3. While no mutation in any member of subfamily IV has been reported to date, the phenotypes associated with the downregulation of IAA9 reveal distinct and novel roles for members of the Aux/IAA gene family. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28522612 | What is GenomeVIP? | Here, we introduce the Genome Variant Investigation Platform (GenomeVIP), an open-source framework for performing genomics variant discovery and annotation using cloud- or local high-performance computing infrastructure.GenomeVIP orchestrates the analysis of whole-genome and exome sequence data using a set of robust and popular task-specific tools, including VarScan, GATK, Pindel, BreakDancer, Strelka, and Genome STRiP, through a web interface.The Genome Variant Investigation Platform (GenomeVIP) is an open-source framework for performing genomics variant discovery and annotation using cloud- or local high-performance computing infrastructure. GenomeVIP orchestrates the analysis of whole-genome and exome sequence data using a set of robust and popular task-specific tools, including VarScan, GATK, Pindel, BreakDancer, Strelka, and Genome STRiP, through a web interface.Genome Variant Investigation Platform (GenomeVIP) is an open-source framework for performing genomics variant discovery and annotation using cloud- or local high-performance computing infrastructure.Here, we introduce the Genome Variant Investigation Platform (GenomeVIP), an open-source framework for performing genomics variant discovery and annotation using cloud- or local high-performance computing infrastructure. GenomeVIP orchestrates the analysis of whole-genome and exome sequence data using a set of robust and popular task-specific tools, including VarScan, GATK, Pindel, BreakDancer, Strelka, and Genome STRiP, through a web interface.Here, we introduce the Genome Variant Investigation Platform (GenomeVIP), an open-source framework for performing genomics variant discovery and annotation using cloud- or local high-performance computing infrastructure. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1412053,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27369817,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599848,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049247,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12483645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3267350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26063696,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7866063,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23733407,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2754585,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112433,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9951179,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15278382,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15278384,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21433086,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29064095,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23154370,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7469832,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16597654,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1031540,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21860927,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19429398,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27151716,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23771470,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16122113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21660094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191207 | List the ten types of conjoined twins. | Thoraco-omphalopagus: Two bodies fused from the upper chest to the lower chest. These twins usually share a heart, and may also share the liver or part of the digestive system.
Thoracopagus:Two bodies fused from the upper thorax to lower belly. The heart is always involved in these cases.
Omphalopagus: Two bodies fused at the lower abdomen. Unlike thoracopagus, the heart is never involved in these cases.
Pyopagus: joined at the buttocks with sacrum and coccyx anomalies
Rachipagus: Joined at the spine with vertebral and neural tube defects
Ischiopagus: joined at the hip from umbilicus to conjoined pelvis
Parasitic twins: Twins that are asymmetrically conjoined, resulting in one twin that is small, less formed, and dependent on the larger twin for survival.
Craniopagus: Fused skulls, but separate bodies
Cephalopagus: head but not face or foramen magnum, brains are usually separate
Dicephalus dipus dibrachius: 2 heads and one body |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28088189 | Which algorithm has been developed in order to improve multiple circular sequence alignment using refined sequences? | MARS improves multiple circular sequence alignment using refined sequences. MARS was implemented in the C++ programming language as a program to compute the rotations (cyclic shifts) required to best align a set of input sequences. Experimental results, using real and synthetic data, show that MARS improves the alignments, with respect to standard genetic measures and the inferred maximum-likelihood-based phylogenies, and outperforms state-of-the-art methods both in terms of accuracy and efficiency. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28815832 | Which stapled peptide has been designed to target Ctf4? | The stapled Sld5 peptide was able to displace the Ctf4 partner DNA polymerase α from the replisome in yeast extracts. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28726533,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116938,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26376865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26398550 | Mutation of which gene causes arterial tortuosity syndrome? | Arterial tortuosity syndrome is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC2A10, which encodes facilitative glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17022176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16042017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683401,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9237400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18624637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23997634,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28549197,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24909710,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21942452,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24561899,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21053907,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605157,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24313955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18943372,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26810104,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28323535,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17408002 | Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici. is a plant pathogen in plants producing what common food? | Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici.produces causes vascular wilt disease in tomatoes.Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici (Fol) is one of the main diseases affecting tomatoes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26918452,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28514722,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24442484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25163906,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259301,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26792571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28643756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26717039,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27296952,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935578 | Is cilengitide effective for treatment of glioblastoma? | No, cilengitide does not improve survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Cilengitide is a cyclic pentapeptide that demonstrated efficacy for GBM treatment by targeting the integrins avβ3 and avβ5 over-expressed on GBM cells. However, randomized phase III CENTRIC and phase II CORE trials explored failed to meet their primary endpoints. However, in CORE, higher αvβ3 levels in tumor cells were associated with improved progression-free survival by central review and with improved overall survival in patients treated with cilengitide. Analysis of randomized clinical trials of antiangiogenic drugs (including cilengitide) showed no improvement in overall survival and a trend for an inferior outcome, in terms of overall survival, in patients receiving antiangiogenic drug alone compared to cytotoxic drug alone. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28241736 | What is BBCAnalyzer? | BBCAnalyzer (Bases By CIGAR Analyzer) provides a novel visual approach to facilitate this step of time-consuming, manual inspection of common mutation sites. BBCAnalyzer is able to visualize base counts at predefined positions or regions in any sequence alignment data that are available as BAM files. Thereby, the tool provides a straightforward solution for evaluating any list of expected mutations like hotspot mutations, or even whole regions of interest. In addition to an ordinary textual report, BBCAnalyzer reports highly customizable plots. Information on the counted number of bases, the reference bases, known mutations or polymorphisms, called mutations and base qualities is summarized in a single plot. By uniting this information in a graphical way, the user may easily decide on a variant being present or not - completely independent of any internal filters or frequency thresholds. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27079282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26623375,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25383860,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29159010,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7699907,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2385441,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28983379,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6155195,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9046114,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28116769,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26181153,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25778852,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28550239 | Can multiple myeloma patients develop hyperviscosity syndrome? | Yes, multiple myeloma patients can develop hyperviscosity syndrome. Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic plasma-cell disorder resulting from malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It can cause a hyperviscosity syndrome secondary to the paraproteinaemia associated with the disease. The increased hyperviscosity can lead to retinal vein occlusions and other ocular problems. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24124010,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303230,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27287806,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26168040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28261023,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21458441 | What is the purpose of the FaceBase consortium? | The FaceBase Consortium, funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, is designed to accelerate understanding of craniofacial developmental biology by generating comprehensive data resources to empower the research community, exploring high-throughput technology, fostering new scientific collaborations among researchers and human/computer interactions, facilitating hypothesis-driven research and translating science into improved health care to benefit patients.The FaceBase Consortium, funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, is designed to accelerate understanding of craniofacial developmental biology by generating comprehensive data resources to empower the research community, exploring high-throughput technology, fostering new scientific collaborations among researchers and human/computer interactions, facilitating hypothesis-driven research and translating science into improved health care to benefit patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28049410 | What is TCGA2BED? | Data extraction and integration methods are becoming essential to effectively access and take advantage of the huge amounts of heterogeneous genomics and clinical data increasingly available. TCGA2BED is a software tool to search and retrieve TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data, and convert them in the structured BED format for their seamless use and integration. Additionally, it supports the conversion in CSV, GTF, JSON, and XML standard formats. Furthermore, TCGA2BED extends TCGA data with information extracted from other genomic databases (i.e., NCBI Entrez Gene, HGNC, UCSC, and miRBase). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27708234,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29078818 | Does the human lncRNA LINC-PINT promote tumorigenesis? | No. LINC-PINT is downregulated in multiple types of cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor lncRNA by reducing the invasive phenotype of cancer cells. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520978 | Is LDB1-mediated enhancer looping dependent on cohesin? | No. LDB1-mediated enhancer looping can be established independent of mediator and cohesin. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7773660,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24553032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17763294,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22706475,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25469607,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276229,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12093966,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11153321,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21317693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28503271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4086775,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27836316,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7560033,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28753234 | Describe nursemaid's elbow injury. | Nursemaid's elbow is a radial head subluxation caused by axial traction on the extended arm while the forearm is pronated, allowing for slippage of the radial head. Nursemaid's elbow usually occurs in young children when longitudinal traction is placed on the arm. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27350892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26058916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25303582,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27627138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26098612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26768235 | What is trismus? | Trimus is defined as restricted mouth opening due to disorder of the temporomandibular joint. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28583618,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28919200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28737051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28545978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22136436,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25306557,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26205082,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28109128,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27119985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29086236,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27859832,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059618,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28406319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27609406,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208464,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28971769,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27906698,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27609408,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27097165,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28530840 | What is mechanism of action of Benralizumab? | Benralizumab is a humanised, anti-interleukin 5 receptor α monoclonal antibody that directly and rapidly depletes eosinophils, reduces asthma exacerbations, and improves lung function for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28368372 | Is there any link between ERCC1-XPF and cohesin? | Yes. ERCC1-XPF cooperates with CTCF and cohesin to facilitate the developmental silencing of imprinted genes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28186259 | Describe the Match BAM to VCF (MBV) method. | MBV (Match BAM to VCF) is a method to quickly solve sample mislabeling and detect cross-sample contamination and PCR amplification bias. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453187,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28207168,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28813214 | Does Evolocumab improve cognitive function? | No, Evolocumab does not improve cognitive functioning. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10207976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28336098,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026468,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25920637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511570,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28638948,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27454517,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26566562,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21786553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21505639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169594 | Can radius fracture cause carpal tunnel syndrome? | Yes, carpal tunnel syndrome is a common complication associated with distal radius fractures. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26664519 | Can Logic Alignment Free (LAF) be used for bacterial genomes classification? | Yes. Logic Alignment Free (LAF), a method that combines alignment-free techniques and rule-based classification algorithms can be used in order to assign biological samples to their taxa. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17317544,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1888465,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14658812,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7790334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1449438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10441700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18172522,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/776440 | Is Marfan syndrome associated with chordal rupture? | Yes, chordal rupture was described in patients with Marfan syndrome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29171818,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28240610,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972120,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28862758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28642283,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29110503 | What is the mechanism of action of Fremanezumab? | Fremanezumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP). It was shown to be effective for migraine preventive therapy. Other three monoclonal antibodies targeting the CGRP pathway are eptinezumab, erenumab and galcanezumab. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27307412,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16258084,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26163096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19147689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23282614,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25964256,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18514938,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25772019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24794210,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21310845,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15177418,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19669637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414468,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26992012,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18484781,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26836985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28694974,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28977908 | Is trastuzumab associated cardiotoxicity reversible? | Cardiotoxicity is a potential adverse effect of trastuzumab, manifesting as either an asymptomatic decline in left-ventricular ejection fraction or infrequently as largely reversible symptomatic heart failure (HF). Reduction of cardiac function by trastuzumab is mostly reversible, however, some patients, especially those with cardiac risk factors, may rarely experience chronic heart failure or prolonged left ventricular ejection fraction reduction. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23043252,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27379495,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24847085,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24638239,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926743,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21784756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23754473,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24696052,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21858608 | What is the role of nimotuzumab in treatment of pontine glioma? | Nimotuzumab (an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody) is being used for treatment of pontine gliomas. Nimotuzumab is a very well-tolerated drug with acceptable toxicity, and it may have promising value in the combination treatment. Clinical trials evaluating efficacy of nimotuzumab are ongoing. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28369316 | Describe annotatr | Analysis of next-generation sequencing data often results in a list of genomic regions. These may include differentially methylated CpGs/regions, transcription factor binding sites, interacting chromatin regions, or GWAS-associated SNPs, among others. A common analysis step is to annotate such genomic regions to genomic annotations (promoters, exons, enhancers, etc.). The annotatr Bioconductor package flexibly and quickly summarizes and plots annotations of genomic regions. The annotatr package reports all intersections of regions and annotations, giving a better understanding of the genomic context of the regions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24479742,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27741108,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3301898,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15481748,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25932193,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23610758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/880738,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8657465,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20698458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23833842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20609637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27276637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27583129,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20234769,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370370,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18401672,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794178 | What is Blount's disease? | Blount's disease (tibia vara) is a progressive form of genu varum due to asymmetrical inhibition of the postero medial portion of the proximal tibial epiphysis. It causes causes genu varum and internal tibial torsion. It is the most common cause of pathologic genu varum in children and adolescents |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28244991,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28229309,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27939059,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29091570,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26865511,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28400976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29067661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28485722 | Describe mechanism of action of Nusinersen. | Nusinersen is a modified antisense oligonucleotide that binds to a specific sequence in the intron, downstream of exon 7 on the pre-messenger ribonucleic acid (pre-mRNA) of the SMN2 gene. This modulates the splicing of the SMN2 mRNA transcript to include exon 7, thereby increasing the production of full-length SMN protein. It is approved for treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14570238,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10997453,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8738633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20380613,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20500033,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14558893,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10380733,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11603771,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16562562,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985564 | Describe King–Kopetzky syndrome. | The principal symptom of subjects suffering from King-Kopetzky syndrome (Obscure Auditory Dysfunction) is perceived difficulty in recognizing and understanding speech in noisy backgrounds. For some patients, minor disturbances in auditory function, e.g. a deteriorated signal-to-noise ratio for speech, can be demonstrated; for others, all measurements of hearing are normal. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22058131,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058822 | What is the 959 Nematode Genomes initiative? | The phylum Nematoda is rich and diverse and of interest to a wide range of research fields from basic biology through ecology and parasitic disease. For all these communities, it is now clear that access to genome scale data will be key to advancing understanding, and in the case of parasites, developing new ways to control or cure diseases. The advent of second-generation sequencing technologies, improvements in computing algorithms and infrastructure and growth in bioinformatics and genomics literacy is making the addition of genome sequencing to the research goals of any nematode research program a less daunting prospect. To inspire, promote and coordinate genomic sequencing across the diversity of the phylum, a community wiki and the 959 Nematode Genomes initiative (www.nematodegenomes.org/) has been launched. Just as the deciphering of the developmental lineage of the 959 cells of the adult hermaphrodite C. elegans was the gateway to broad advances in biomedical science, it is anticipated that a nematode phylogeny with (at least) 959 sequenced species will underpin further advances in understanding the origins of parasitism, the dynamics of genomic change and the adaptations that have made Nematoda one of the most successful animal phyla.The phylum Nematoda is rich and diverse and of interest to a wide range of research fields from basic biology through ecology and parasitic disease. For all these communities, it is now clear that access to genome scale data will be key to advancing understanding, and in the case of parasites, developing new ways to control or cure diseases. The advent of second-generation sequencing technologies, improvements in computing algorithms and infrastructure and growth in bioinformatics and genomics literacy is making the addition of genome sequencing to the research goals of any nematode research program a less daunting prospect. To inspire, promote and coordinate genomic sequencing across the diversity of the phylum, we have launched a community wiki and the 959 Nematode Genomes initiative (www.nematodegenomes.org/). Just as the deciphering of the developmental lineage of the 959 cells of the adult hermaphrodite C. elegans was the gateway to broad advances in biomedical science, we hope that a nematode phylogeny with (at least) 959 sequenced species will underpin further advances in understanding the origins of parasitism, the dynamics of genomic change and the adaptations that have made Nematoda one of the most successful animal phyla. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17387144 | Which are the constitutive parts of a Genomic Regulatory Block (GRB)? | GRBs are spanned by highly conserved noncoding elements (HCNEs), their developmental regulatory target genes, and phylogenetically and functionally unrelated "bystander" genes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28929412,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28412293,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28807904,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28688001,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020583,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28480743,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28951228,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28128852,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800195 | Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir are used for tratment of which disease? | The combination of direct-acting antivirals glecaprevir and pibrentasvir is effective for treatment of Hepatitis C virus infection. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27390287,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25227290,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28012090,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25336862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035034,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28365447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28279667,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825624,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26864332,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416477,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27471419 | What is the drug target(s) for Belsomra? | Belsomra is a dual orexin receptor antagonist for both the Ox1 and Ox2 receptors |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27375734,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28634592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27088018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28090050,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27928503,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29039237,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27471597,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912914 | Can canagliflozin cause euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis? | Yes, canagliflozin use can cause euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. In May 2015, the FDA issued a warning of ketoacidosis with use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) drug class. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27296979 | What is CellMaps? | CellMaps is an HTML5 open-source web tool that allows displaying, editing, exploring and analyzing biological networks as well as integrating metadata into them.CellMaps is an HTML5 open-source web tool that allows displaying, editing, exploring and analyzing biological networks as well as integrating metadata into them. CellMaps can easily be integrated in any web page by using an available JavaScript API. Computations and analyses are remotely executed in high-end servers, and all the functionalities are available through RESTful web services. CellMaps is an HTML5 open-source web tool that allows displaying, editing, exploring and analyzing biological networks as well as integrating metadata into them. Computations and analyses are remotely executed in high-end servers, and all the functionalities are available through RESTful web services. CellMaps can easily be integrated in any web page by using an available JavaScript API. CellMaps is an HTML5 open-source web tool that allows displaying, editing, exploring and analyzing biological networks as well as integrating metadata into them. Computations and analyses are remotely executed in high-end servers, and all the functionalities are available through RESTful web services. CellMaps can easily be integrated in any web page by using an available JavaScript API.CellMaps is an HTML5 open-source web tool that allows displaying, editing, exploring and analyzing biological networks as well as integrating metadata into them. CellMaps is an HTML5 open-source web tool that allows displaying, editing, exploring and analyzing biological networks as well as integrating metadata into them. CellMaps can easily be integrated in any web page by using an available JavaScript API. Computations and analyses are remotely executed in high-end servers, and all the functionalities are available through RESTful web services. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20698148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20706705,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15119010,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21241366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21246928,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25415740,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23464700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9283592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7125242,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16106025,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21204612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3111653,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23909038,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15668471,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28675185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24552677 | Is there an association between Klinefelter syndrome and breast cancer? | Yes, Klinefelter syndrome is associated with increased risk of male breast cancer. Other risk factors of male breast cancer are positive family history, and mutations in BRCA1 and specially BRCA2. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27591080,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26630308,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26163694 | Which R packages have been developed for the discovery of mutational signatures in cancer? | signeR: an empirical Bayesian approach to mutational signature discovery. Mutational signatures can be used to understand cancer origins and provide a unique opportunity to group tumor types that share the same origins and result from similar processes. These signatures have been identified from high throughput sequencing data generated from cancer genomes by using non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) techniques. The extraction of mutational signatures from high-throughput data still remains a daunting task.RESULTS: Here we present a new method for the statistical estimation of mutational signatures based on an empirical Bayesian treatment of the NMF model.SomaticSignatures: inferring mutational signatures from single-nucleotide variants.Mutational signatures are patterns in the occurrence of somatic single-nucleotide variants that can reflect underlying mutational processes.The SomaticSignatures package provides flexible, interoperable and easy-to-use tools that identify such signatures in cancer sequencing data.It facilitates large-scale, cross-dataset estimation of mutational signatures, implements existing methods for pattern decomposition, supports extension through user-defined approaches and integrates with existing Bioconductor workflows.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The R package SomaticSignatures is available as part of the Bioconductor project.Its documentation provides additional details on the methods and demonstrates applications to biological datasets.These mutagenic processes often produce characteristic mutational patterns called mutational signatures.The decomposition of a cancer genome's mutation catalog into mutations consistent with such signatures can provide valuable information about cancer etiology.Hence, one needs to be able to not only decompose a patient's mutational profile into signatures but also establish the accuracy of such decomposition.Results: We proposed two complementary ways of measuring confidence and stability of decomposition results and applied them to analyze mutational signatures in breast cancer genomes.signeR is an R package for a new method for the statistical estimation of mutational signatures based on an empirical Bayesian treatment of the NMF model.signeR: an empirical Bayesian approach to mutational signature discovery. Mutational signatures can be used to understand cancer origins and provide a unique opportunity to group tumor types that share the same origins and result from similar processes. These signatures have been identified from high throughput sequencing data generated from cancer genomes by using non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) techniques.signeR: an empirical Bayesian approach to mutational signature discovery. The extraction of mutational signatures from high-throughput data still remains a daunting task.RESULTS: Here we present a new method for the statistical estimation of mutational signatures based on an empirical Bayesian treatment of the NMF model. Results on real data agree well with current knowledge.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: signeR is implemented in R and C ++, and is available as a R package at http://bioconductor.org/packages/signeRsigneR: an empirical Bayesian approach to mutational signature discovery.It facilitates large-scale, cross-dataset estimation of mutational signatures, implements existing methods for pattern decomposition, supports extension through user-defined approaches and integrates with existing Bioconductor workflows.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The R package SomaticSignatures is available as part of the Bioconductor project. Cancers arise as the result of somatically acquired changes in the DNA of cancer cells. However, in addition to the mutations that confer a growth advantage, cancer genomes accumulate a large number of somatic mutations resulting from normal DNA damage and repair processes as well as carcinogenic exposures or cancer related aberrations of DNA maintenance machinery. These mutagenic processes often produce characteristic mutational patterns called mutational signatures. The decomposition of a cancer genome's mutation catalog into mutations consistent with such signatures can provide valuable information about cancer etiology. SigneR, SignatureEstimation, pmsignature and SomaticSignatures are R packages that have been developed for the discovery of mutational signatures in cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17137436,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16762931,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497723,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17125447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11276389,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12148078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145009,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26871396,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12137304,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26543426,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19108808,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10682170,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28106792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26280340,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15827427,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15940204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10863169,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17469041 | According to guidelines, insulin resistance is one risk factor in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, name 3 more risk factors. | Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is generally defined as a cluster of metabolically related cardiovascular risk factors which are often associated with the condition of insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and abdominal obesity.Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is generally defined as a cluster of metabolically related cardiovascular risk factors which are often associated with the condition of insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and abdominal obesity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683325,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25148681 | Silent Allosteric Modulation of mGluR5 is a form of treatment for what disease? | silent allosteric modulation of mGluR5 has promise as a disease-modifying AD intervention with a broad therapeutic window. silent allosteric modulation of mGluR5 has promise as a disease-modifying AD intervention with a broad therapeutic window.Silent allosteric modulation of mGluR5 has promise as a disease-modifying Alzheimer's Disease therapy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24485523,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27403706,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28363334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26942589,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27528363,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28878676,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26321371,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28351171,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27654928,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28865357 | What are check point inhibitors? | Immune checkpoint blocking monoclonal antibodies are heralded as a promising therapeutic approach in clinical oncology. These mAbs do not directly attack the malignant cells as most anticancer mAbs; rather, they enhance the anti-tumor response of the immune system by targeting immune regulatory pathways. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554218,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18975117,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20438784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10545285,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21060250,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22828605 | Are the human bombesin receptors, GRPR and NMBR, frequently overexpressed G-protein-coupled-receptors by lung-cancers? | The human bombesin receptors, GRPR and NMBR, are two of the most frequently overexpressed G-protein-coupled-receptors by lung-cancersAll 3 bombesin receptor subtypes (GRPR, NMBR, and BRS-3) were present on pulmonary and intestinal carcinoids by immunohistochemistry. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26776207 | Which data simulator is available for CLIP-SEQ experiments? | CLIP-Seq protocols such as PAR-CLIP, HITS-CLIP or iCLIP allow a genome-wide analysis of protein-RNA interactions. For the processing of the resulting short read data, various tools are utilized. Some of these tools were specifically developed for CLIP-Seq data, whereas others were designed for the analysis of RNA-Seq data. To this date, however, it has not been assessed which of the available tools are most appropriate for the analysis of CLIP-Seq data. This is because an experimental gold standard dataset on which methods can be accessed and compared, is still not available. To address this lack of a gold-standard dataset, Cseq-Simulator was developed as a simulator for PAR-CLIP, HITS-CLIP and iCLIP-data. This simulator can be applied to generate realistic datasets that can serve as surrogates for experimental gold standard dataset. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2003436,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15471663,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19716250,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17913427 | Falciform ligament sign is characteristic to which disease? | The falciform ligament sign (gas outlining the falciform ligament) is characteristic to pneumoperitoneum due to intestinal perforation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29016887,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22090453,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22923449,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24838514,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133513,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24576944,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22028388 | Is vorinostat effective for glioblastoma? | No. Although vorinostat is well tolerated it does not improve survival of glioblastoma patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028947 | Is there any role of Dlx1 and Dlx2 transcription factors in cortical interneurons? | Yes. DLX2 directly drives Gad1, Gad2, and Vgat expression, and mutants have reduced mIPSC amplitude. In addition, the mutants formed fewer GABAergic synapses on excitatory neurons and have reduced mIPSC frequency. Furthermore, Dlx1/2 CKO have hypoplastic dendrites, fewer excitatory synapses, and reduced excitatory input. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899579 | Describe SNP2TFBS | SNP2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome. The database essentially consists of a collection of text files providing specific annotations for human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely whether they are predicted to abolish, create or change the affinity of one or several transcription factor (TF) binding sites. A SNP's effect on TF binding is estimated based on a position weight matrix (PWM) model for the binding specificity of the corresponding factor. These data files are regenerated at regular intervals by an automatic procedure that takes as input a reference genome, a comprehensive SNP catalogue and a collection of PWMs. SNP2TFBS is also accessible over a web interface, enabling users to view the information provided for an individual SNP, to extract SNPs based on various search criteria, to annotate uploaded sets of SNPs or to display statistics about the frequencies of binding sites affected by selected SNPs. Homepage: http://ccg.vital-it.ch/snp2tfbs/.SNP2TFBS is a computational resource intended to support researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory variation in the human genome. The database essentially consists of a collection of text files providing specific annotations for human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely whether they are predicted to abolish, create or change the affinity of one or several transcription factor (TF) binding sites. A SNP's effect on TF binding is estimated based on a position weight matrix (PWM) model for the binding specificity of the corresponding factor. These data files are regenerated at regular intervals by an automatic procedure that takes as input a reference genome, a comprehensive SNP catalogue and a collection of PWMs. SNP2TFBS is also accessible over a web interface, enabling users to view the information provided for an individual SNP, to extract SNPs based on various search criteria, to annotate uploaded sets of SNPs or to display statistics about the frequencies of binding sites affected by selected SNPs. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28092692 | What is SMiLE-seq? | Selective microfluidics-based ligand enrichment followed by sequencing (SMiLE-seq) is a semiautomated protein-DNA interaction characterization technology. SMiLE-seq is neither limited by DNA bait length nor biased toward strong affinity binders; it probes the DNA-binding properties of TFs over a wide affinity range in a fast and cost-effective fashion.SMiLE-Seq is a novel, semiautomated protein-DNA interaction characterization technology, selective microfluidics-based ligand enrichment followed by sequencing for de novo transcription factor motif discovery.Here, we present a novel, semiautomated protein-DNA interaction characterization technology, selective microfluidics-based ligand enrichment followed by sequencing (SMiLE-seq). SMiLE-seq is neither limited by DNA bait length nor biased toward strong affinity binders; it probes the DNA-binding properties of TFs over a wide affinity range in a fast and cost-effective fashion. All tested TFs yielded DNA-binding models with predictive power comparable to or greater than that of other in vitro assays.Here, we present a novel, semiautomated protein-DNA interaction characterization technology, selective microfluidics-based ligand enrichment followed by sequencing (SMiLE-seq). SMiLE-seq is neither limited by DNA bait length nor biased toward strong affinity binders; it probes the DNA-binding properties of TFs over a wide affinity range in a fast and cost-effective fashion. We validated SMiLE-seq by analyzing 58 full-length human, mouse, and Drosophila TFs from distinct structural classes. All tested TFs yielded DNA-binding models with predictive power comparable to or greater than that of other in vitro assays. De novo motif discovery on all JUN-FOS heterodimers and several nuclear receptor-TF complexes provided novel insights into partner-specific heterodimer DNA-binding preferences. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24564250 | What is libgapmis? | libgapmis is a library for extending pairwise short-read alignments. Apart from the standard CPU version, it includes ultrafast SSE- and GPU-based implementations. libgapmis is based on an algorithm computing a modified version of the traditional dynamic-programming matrix for sequence alignment. The open-source code of libgapmis is available at http://www.exelixis-lab.org/gapmis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17297441,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27211800,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28797581,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883982,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22102693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24681956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28843961,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17466566 | Has ATF4 transcription factor been linked to cancer and neoplastic transformation? | Yes, ATF4 transcription factor has been linked to cancer and neoplastic transformation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/529328,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28779180,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22208651,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745687,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845207,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17992593,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27336863,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17408137,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12886135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21805176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1608349,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22497865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26998372,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12064854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17119030,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21842694,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10414252 | Are patients with Sjogren syndrome at increased risk for lymphoma? | Yes, the heightened risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) development in primary Sjogren syndrome is well established. Five per cent of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome develop malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, usually of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and most frequently located in the major salivary glands. The incidence of lymphoma is higher in patients with Sjögren's syndrome than in the general population. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28049429 | Describe JACUSA | JACUSA detects single nucleotide variants by comparing data from next-generation sequencing experiments (RNA-DNA or RNA-RNA). In practice, JACUSA shows higher recall and comparable precision in detecting A→I sites from RNA-DNA comparisons, while showing higher precision and recall in RNA-RNA comparisons. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28583618,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28368013,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28877011 | What is the mechanism of action of Tezepelumab? | Tezepelumab is human monoclonal antibody specific for the epithelial-cell-derived cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27591246,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8990390,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26090646,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19353771 | What is the association between kidney donation risk of gestational complications? | Kidney donation seems to elevate the risks of gestational complications. Postdonation pregnancies were associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, proteinuria and preeclampsia. However, others reported that donor nephrectomy is not detrimental to the prenatal course or outcome of future pregnancies. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26319389,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22553947,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27446618,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20205855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26243714,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17578827,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25472533,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15816365,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21479837,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11293923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965473,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9550540 | Does prolactinoma increase osteoporosis risk? | Yes, prolactinomas increase risk of osteoporosis. Prolactinomas also cause hypogonadism, infertility, and tumor mass effects. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389707 | In November 2017, in what phase was the clinical trial for the drug SYL040012? | SYL040012 is in phase 2 clinical trials |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334930 | Describe the RNA Centric Annotation System (RCAS) | The RNA Centric Annotation System (RCAS) is an R package which is designed to ease the process of creating gene-centric annotations and analysis for the genomic regions of interest obtained from various RNA-based omics technologies. The design of RCAS is modular, which enables flexible usage and convenient integration with other bioinformatics workflows. RCAS is an R/Bioconductor package but there are also graphical user interfaces including a Galaxy wrapper and a stand-alone web service. The application of RCAS on published datasets shows that RCAS is not only able to reproduce published findings but also helps generate novel knowledge and hypotheses. The meta-gene profiles, gene-centric annotation, motif analysis and gene-set analysis provided by RCAS provide contextual knowledge which is necessary for understanding the functional aspects of different biological events that involve RNAs. In addition, the array of different interfaces and deployment options adds the convenience of use for different levels of users. RCAS is available at http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/RCAS.html and http://rcas.mdc-berlin.de. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18387626,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28109330,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205898,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17951994,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29049389,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15148993,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21697479,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21918005,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16145200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27549119,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1681473,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27575545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27870037,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28193766,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28281927,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28250130,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11974617,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139079,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22043912,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27641251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17092889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19901375,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26136567 | What is Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in deer? | Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) affecting members of the cervid species, and is one of the few TSEs with an expanding geographic range. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.