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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22595970,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464913,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586654,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25480033,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23172855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24699359,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657249 | What are pQTLs? | The identification of protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) may be a powerful complementary method of improving our understanding of disease pathways. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20443435,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21645333,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29115857 | What is Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex? | Dysphoric milk ejection reflex (D-MER) is characterized by an abrupt dysphoria, or undesirable feeling that occurs with the MER and continues for no more than a few minutes. After milk ejection, the dysphoria vanishes. Symptoms may decrease by 3 months or they may continue throughout the breastfeeding period. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28751443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28205191,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27087632,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28994564,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28916367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166829,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28247266,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729402,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28264872,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28790837,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27908594 | Is Rucaparib effective for ovarian cancer? | Yes. Rucaparib is an oral, small molecule, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation identified by an approved companion diagnostic test. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22954624,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935399,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17990506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23385215,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28821210 | What is the "protein inference problem"? | A major challenge in shotgun proteomics has been the assignment of identified peptides to the proteins from which they originate, referred to as the protein inference problem. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2743779,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27572669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23269033,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6518066,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16611133,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28591541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15702702,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7666681,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3303067,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1346886,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2062397,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18982835,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2199873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8031346 | What is the link between lithium use during pregnancy and Ebstein anomaly? | It is generally believed that lithium use is associated with increased risk of Ebstein anomaly. However, more recent studies challenge this association. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800329 | Does verubecestat activate BACE? | No, verubecestat is a potent BACE inhibitor. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28528489 | What does the Ribosome-bound Quality Control complex do? | Ribosome-bound Quality Control complex (RQC), which recognizes nascent peptides translated from aberrant mRNAs, polyubiquitylates these aberrant peptides, extracts them from the stalled 60S subunit and finally escorts them to the proteasome for degradation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27405674,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27795538,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27885373,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28691557,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29042366 | What is emicizumab? | ACE910 (emicizumab) is a humanized bispecific antibody recognizing factor IXa and X mimicking factor VIII function. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19054615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26336226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19874183,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27729288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940418,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28319627,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25618142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25118421,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17699076,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18452807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19819631 | What illness is transmitted by the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum? | Amblyomma americanum (Lone star tick) is an important disease vector in the United States. It transmits several human pathogens, including the agents of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, tularemia, and southern tick-associated rash illness [STARI] or Masters diseaseToday,A americanumremains an important vector for tick-borne illness. In addition to others, species ofRickettsia,Ehrlichia, andBorreliaare all transmitted by the lone star tick. It transmits several human pathogens, including the agents of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, tularemia, and southern tick-associated rash illness. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398896,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23046644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27345149,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674348,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933694,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28315615 | Which is the function of ubiquilins? | Ubiquilins, a family of ubiquitin-binding proteins, are involved in all protein degradation pathways. Ubiquilin (UBQLN) proteins are adaptors thought to link ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29036616 | Which algorithm has been developed for prediction of protein subcellular localization using deep learning? | DeepLoc is an algorithm which has been developed for prediction of protein subcellular localization using deep learning. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25474148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117381,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787576,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22828257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28824354,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29068708,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28824355,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18069789,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29069361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27581756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26463187,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430975,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28852110 | List the continent of origin for the brown marmorated stinkbug(Halyomorpha halys) | The brown marmorated stinkbug (Halyomorpha halys) is native to Asia |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26585817,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29081840,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3619689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26280141,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9339023,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1789905,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1919136 | Please list 6 symptoms of Scarlet fever. | Symptoms of scarlet fever include fever, rash, strawberry tongue and sore throat. In some cases other symptoms, angular stomatitis, tonsular exudate, and swollen lymph nodes are seen. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25253258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23732169,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24349565,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600501,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25065707,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27131005 | Gallbladder carriage is a well recognised means of spread of which bacteria? | Gallbladder carriage is associated with spread of Salmonella Typhi. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18445163,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26187724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18192142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8162086 | What is included in the Mentzer index? | Mentzer index (MCV/RBC) is mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red blood cell count (RBC) ratio. It is used for differentiation of thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29113731,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301556,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28552771,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27748443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409760,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24535888,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21200426,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21911566,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25694261,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24841257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27611920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22539226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23133682 | Which disease is treated with Fexinidazole? | Oral fexinidazole is effective for late-stage human african trypanosomiasis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27182063,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27927642,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24075627,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29146018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28745999,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28499892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28116918,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26885650,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27919193,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24854376,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357324,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28895041,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28138903 | Is Tocilizumab effective for Giant-Cell Arteritis? | Yes, Tocilizumab effective for Giant-Cell Arteritis. Its efficacy was proven in clinical trials. Tocilizumab may exert its therapeutic effects in Giant-Cell Arteritis by increasing the proliferation and activation of Tregs, and by reverting the pathogenic Treg phenotype seen during active disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25366693 | Is there a link between nuclear position and DNA repair pathway choice? | Yes. Nuclear position dictates DNA repair pathway choice, thus revealing a new level of regulation in DSB repair controlled by spatial organization of DNA within the nucleus. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27503909 | Can non ubiquitinated Tomm20 promote mitophagy? | The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (Tomm20), is a mitochondrial translocase that, when ubiquitinated, promotes mitophagy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26820848 | Does SARM1 deletion cause neurodegeneration? | Mouse strain with Sarm1 deletion (Sarm1-/-) is highly resistant to axon neurodegeneration. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25775267,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668117,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25851856,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28459528 | Is DNA polymerase θ involved in DNA repair? | Yes, DNA polymerase θ protects against genomic instability via an alternative end-joining repair pathway for DNA double-strand breaks. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059462 | List drugs that are included in the Vosevi polypill. | Vosevi pill includes sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir. It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A) who have: genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 infection and have previously been treated with an HCV regimen containing an NS5A inhibitor; and genotype 1a or 3 infection and have previously been treated with an HCV regimen containing sofosbuvir without an NS5A inhibitor. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28707700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28285822,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17517647,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20174808,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28596466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512305,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12505612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28232786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26332965,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26453621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23604475,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28286126,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25645021,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21969583 | What part of what body organ controls the circadian clock? | the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus acts as the central clock in mammals, the circadian expression of clock genes The mammalian circadian system is composed of a hierarchical multi-oscillator structure, with the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in the brain |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066097,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29046896,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164252,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26026138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540265 | Which algorithms are used for compression of SAM files? | The most popular format for genomic data is the SAM (Sequence Alignment/Map) format, which contains information such as alignment, quality values, etc. These files are large (on the order of terabytes), which necessitates compression. GeneComp, NGC, SAMZIP and QVZ are algorithms which perform compression of data stored in SAM files. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23431991 | What does MetaHIT stand for? | Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHIT) project are focusing mainly on the human microbiome |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26808307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28358791,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28132694,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16953647,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28292795,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28203387,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19926374,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25271657 | List 4 drugs used to treat opioid addiction or overdose | Suboxone (buprenorphine/naloxone) and methadone are used to assist in opioid withdrawal and Naloxone is used to treat overdoses |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28657119 | Can nanoparticles be used for afterglow imaging? | Nanoparticles are used for afterglow imaging. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28064540,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24665957,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28246926,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26277199,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27487526,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28529724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27865001,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24835636,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26451332 | Describe mechanism of action of Romosozumab. | Romosozumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to sclerostin, prevents sclerostin from exerting this inhibitory effect. In the presence of romosozumab, the Wnt signaling pathway is activated leading to bone formation and bone mineral density gain. It is used for osteoporosis treatment. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27308893,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26846360,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27369375,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27278863,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27507633 | Which proteins are regulated by Nrf2? | Keap1-Nrf2 system is known as a sensor of electrophilic compounds, and protects cells from oxidative stress through induction of various antioxidant enzymes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085900,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26209383 | What drug cures hepatitis C? | Sofosbuvir-based therapy cures hepatitis C virus infection |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29160304 | Is there any role of interleukin-11 in cardiovascular fibrosis? | Yes. Interleukin 11 (IL11) upregulation is the dominant transcriptional response to TGFB1 exposure and required for its profibrotic effect. IL11 and its receptor (IL11RA) are expressed specifically in fibroblasts where they drive non-canonical, ERK-dependent autocrine signalling that is required for fibrogenic protein synthesis. In mice, fibroblast-specific Il11 transgene expression or Il11 injection causes heart and kidney fibrosis and organ failure whereas genetic deletion of Il11ra1 is protective against disease. Thus, inhibition of IL11 prevents fibroblast activation across organs and species in response to a range of important pro-fibrotic stimuli. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28884281,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396259,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28435465,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28272510,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27300264 | List major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. | Apolipoprotein E4
type 2 diabetes
Clusterin
Hypertension
advancing age
obesity |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969751,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15520710,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28970024,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27689922,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25763885,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26559176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28236025 | What can be predicted with the Wells criteria? | Wells criteria are used to determine clinical probability of pulmonary embolism. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208982 | What is the purpose of the Tabix tool? | Tabix is the first generic tool that indexes position sorted files in TAB-delimited formats such as GFF, BED, PSL, SAM and SQL export, and quickly retrieves features overlapping specified regions. Tabix features include few seek function calls per query, data compression with gzip compatibility and direct FTP/HTTP access. Tabix is implemented as a free command-line tool as well as a library in C, Java, Perl and Python. It is particularly useful for manually examining local genomic features on the command line and enables genome viewers to support huge data files and remote custom tracks over networks.Tabix is the first generic tool that indexes position sorted files in tab-delimited formats such as gff , bed , psl , sam and sql export , and quickly retrieves features overlapping specified regions . Tabix is implemented as a free command-line tool as well as a library in c , java , perl and python . |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23071271 | What is MULTOVL? | MULTOVL is an application suite that detects and statistically analyses multiple overlaps of genomic regions in a fast and efficient manner. The package supports the detection of multiple region intersections, unions and 'solitary' genomic regions. The significance of actually observed overlaps is estimated by comparing them with empirical null distributions generated by random shuffling of the input regions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15640252,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19014997 | How is Hsd17b1 associated with endometriosis? | Evidence for association between the Ser312Gly polymorphism in HSD17B1 and endometriosis was found in a Japanese population. The A-allele of HSD17B1 appears to confer higher risk for endometriosis. Inhibition of the estradiol-synthesizing enzyme 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) has been proposed as a promising new therapeutic option to treat estrogen-dependent diseases like endometriosis |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24588595,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24259625,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26195059,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27226838 | What is the drug Tecfidera used against? | Tecifidera is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622122,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24703829,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26252589,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24907167,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1896728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20726288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773787,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11309216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28385085,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2030791,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2769286,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23467433 | Is there a disease or condition called Exploding Head Syndrome? | Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is characterized by loud noises or a sense of explosion in the head during sleep transitions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16843264 | What is INCB3619? | INCB3619, is avselective, potent, orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of a subset of ADAM proteases that prevents the processing and activation of multiple ErbB ligands, including heregulin. In addition, INCB3619 inhibits gefitinib-resistant HER3 signaling and enhances gefitinib inhibition of EGFR signaling in NSCLC. Administration of INCB3619 to tumor-bearing mice reduced ErbB ligand shedding in vivo and inhibited ErbB pathway signaling (e.g., phosphorylation of Akt), tumor cell proliferation, and survival. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26467270 | What is crenezumab? | Crenezumab is a humanized antibody targeting Amyloid-β (Aβ) which is currently tested in multiple clinical trials for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. It strongly reacts with amyloid plaques and detects N-terminally modified Aβ peptides Aβ4-42 and pyroglutamate Aβ3-42. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24511405,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28219569,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28975065,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24977015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26259424,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27695175,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25322795,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26770619,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19704328,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937434 | Describe Vanishing lung syndrome. | Vanishing lung syndrome, also known as idiopathic giant bullous emphysema, is a rare disease characterized by giant emphysematous bullae. It is a rare radiological syndrome in which the lungs appear to be disappearing on X-ray. It typically occurs in young, thin male smokers with large bullae in one or more upper lobes occupying at least one-third of the hemithorax. This syndrome is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28931639 | What do the trispecific HIV antibodies target? | Trispecific HIV antibodies (Abs) allow a single molecule to interact with three independent HIV-1 envelope determinants: the CD4 binding site, the membrane-proximal external region (MPER), and the V1V2 glycan site. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26908770,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9426423,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18045036,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23663061,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21410615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417747,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26779700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27321367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27935078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22892472,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26871829,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27068711,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28220742,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24096524,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19317304,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25847841,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16368166,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11012592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16108246,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430392,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764004,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11273880 | What is calciphylaxis | Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy also known as calciphylaxis is an unusual and potentially fatal condition characterised by small-vessel calcification and ischaemic skin necrosis.Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (calciphylaxis) is an unusual and potentially fatal condition characterised by small-vessel calcification and ischaemic skin necrosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28082393 | What is the alternative lengthening of telomeres? | Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomerase independent telomere maintenance mechanism that occurs in ∼15% of cancers. It is proposed to occur preferentially at telomeric lagging strands leading to heterogeneous telomere lengths observed in most ALT cancers. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28336912,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26872145 | Which organ express and secretes the hormone FGF21? | Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important endocrine metabolic regulator expressed in multiple tissues including liver and adipose tissue. Although highest levels of expression are in pancreas, little is known about the function of FGF21 in this tissue. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25742093,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26437438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25655932,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863900,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29074978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18793140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27591266,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26260793,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26096160,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25628956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25918018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349211,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23148618 | What is the biological role of Neddylation? | NEDDylation is a post-translational protein modification that is tightly linked to ubiquitination and thereby protein degradation. It however has its own enzyme machinery. It is coupled to ubiquitination and is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis.Neddylation is a post-translational protein modification that is tightly linked to ubiquitination and thereby protein degradation.Proteins in the neddylation pathway have also been linked to regulating ddr.Blocking neddylation could be a novel strategy for mitigating immune-mediated disease processes.Neddylation is a process that is similar to ubiquitination. Proteins in the neddylation pathway have also been linked to regulating DDR. Neddylation plays an important role in the regulation of murine and human dendritic cell function. NEDDylation is a post-translational protein modification that is tightly linked to ubiquitination and thereby protein degradation. Utilizing multiple but complementary approaches, we determined the role of an important but less understood type of PTM, namely, neddylation, in regulating DC functions. It is coupled to ubiquitination and is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28427283 | What is break induced replication? | Break-induced replication (BIR) is an important pathway specializing in repair of one-ended double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). This type of DSB break typically arises at collapsed replication forks or at eroded telomeres. BIR initiates by invasion of a broken DNA end into a homologous template followed by initiation of DNA synthesis that can proceed for hundreds of kilobases. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27435108,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28386106,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27709630,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28211211,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28915889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27388852 | What is a fibrocyte? | Fibrocytes are bone marrow-derived progenitor cells that produce growth factors and contribute to fibrogenesis in the lungs. Fibrocytes are circulating mesenchymal precursors (CD45+, col 1+) recruited to fibrotic areas. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789555,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430627,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27318893,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27903964,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27895893 | Which cellular functions are affected by lncRNA H19 in the heart? | H19 could inhibit autophagy in cardiomyocytes by epigenetically silencing of DIRAS3. Elevated H19 promotes apoptosis through PA2G4. Downregulation of H19 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. H19 induces mineralization of valve interstitial cells. H19 contributes to cardiac fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis, which act in part through repression of DUSP5/ERK1/2. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934530,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917818,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27756784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791869,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28748630,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28061552,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25940913,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26891967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389455 | Dinutuximab is used for treatment of which disease? | Dinutuximab, a monoclonal antibody against disialoganglioside, is used for treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026909,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28060339,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404150 | What is the ChIP-exo method used for? | Precise Identification of DNA-Binding Proteins Genomic Location by Exonuclease Coupled Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP-exo).ChIP-exo method for identifying genomic location of DNA-binding proteins with near-single-nucleotide accuracy. ChIP-exo method for identifying genomic location of DNA-binding proteins with near-single-nucleotide accuracy. ChIP-exo allows identification of a nearly complete set of the binding locations of DNA-binding proteins at near-single-nucleotide resolution with almost no background. Precise Identification of DNA-Binding Proteins Genomic Location by Exonuclease Coupled Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP-exo).ChIP-exo method for identifying genomic location of DNA-binding proteins with near-single-nucleotide accuracy.ChIP-exo is a molecular biology method for identifying genomic location of DNA-binding proteins with near-single-nucleotide accuracy.ChIP-exo method for identifying genomic location of DNA-binding proteins with near-single-nucleotide accuracy. ChIP-exo allows identification of a nearly complete set of the binding locations of DNA-binding proteins at near-single-nucleotide resolution with almost no background.ChIP-exo allows identification of a nearly complete set of the binding locations of DNA-binding proteins at near-single-nucleotide resolution with almost no background. The key distinction of the ChIP-exo methodology is the incorporation of lambda exonuclease digestion in the library preparation workflow to effectively footprint the left and right 5' DNA borders of the protein-DNA crosslink site. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25193669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10912916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26530670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22661583,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9128755,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124333 | Where do mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints tend to occur? | Circular dichroism and UV spectral analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial G-rich sequences near deletion breakpoints prevalent in human disease form G-quadruplex DNA structures.Non-B DNA conformations are a key element of the mtDNA deletion process and most of the analyzed deletion breakpoints showed nucleotide repeats flanking the deletions. Circular dichroism and UV spectral analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial G-rich sequences near deletion breakpoints prevalent in human disease form G-quadruplex DNA structures. Current findings suggest that mitochondrial G-quadruplexes are also likely to be a source of instability for the mitochondrial genome by perturbing the normal progression of the mitochondrial replication machinery, including DNA unwinding by Twinkle helicase.n this work, we performed a computational analysis of the human mitochondrial genome using the "Pattern Finder" G-quadruplex (G4) predictor algorithm to assess whether G4-forming sequences reside in close proximity (within 20 base pairs) to known mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints.Circular dichroism and UV spectral analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial G-rich sequences near deletion breakpoints prevalent in human disease form G-quadruplex DNA structures. Direct repeat sequences are not required at the breakpoints of age-associated mitochondrial DNA deletions in rhesus monkeys. Most of the analyzed deletion breakpoints showed nucleotide repeats flanking the deletions. N this work, we performed a computational analysis of the human mitochondrial genome using the "Pattern Finder" G-quadruplex to known mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28639908,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28253710,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28744405,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28903484 | Name 4 circular RNA molecules associated with carcinogenesis. | circ-ABCB10 knockdown suppressed the proliferation and increased apoptosis of breast cancer cells.
Hsa_circ_0058246 was elevated in tumor specimens of patients with poor clinical outcomes.
Circ-FBXW7 expression positively associated with glioblastoma patient overall survival.
ciRS-7 promotes the development of cancer by acting as sponge of miR-7. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27385158,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230087 | Which is the enzymatic activity of nardilysin? | Nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase; Nrdc) is a metalloendopeptidase of the M16 family that promotes ectodomain shedding of the precursor forms of various growth factors and cytokines by enhancing the protease activities of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28337457,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12238571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27187878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16307510,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27529924,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17663901,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11089393,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28276801,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25401733,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21822042 | The Mantoux test detects what latent infection/disease? | screened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin skin testtuberculin skin test (TST) performed according to the Mantoux method.screened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin skin test The Mantoux tuberculin skin test tests for latent tuberculosisscreened for TB infection with a Mantoux tuberculin skin test. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28734077,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28930774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26475405,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27383427,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29026368,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28083617,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29050213,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948068,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28586402,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26204497,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051715,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28437237 | What is measured with the Proseek panels? | Differnet Proseek multiplex protein biomarker panels exists: CVD, inflammatory, neurology and oncology biomarker. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9744839,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9693236,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11692032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11673584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19849665 | Is Enlimomab effective for stroke treatment? | No. Anti-ICAM therapy with enlimomab is not an effective treatment for ischemic stroke in and may significantly worsen stroke outcome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26609316 | Are AAV vectors considered for the treatment of retinal dystrophies? | Yes, AAV vectors are considered for the treatment of retinal dystrophies. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27072975,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22691567,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23600725 | Does International Citicoline Trial on acUte Stroke trial supports efficacy of citicoline for stroke treatment? | No. The International Citicoline Trial on acUte Stroke (ICTUS) found that citocoline is not efficacious in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acute ischaemic stroke. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21954900,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23319596 | Is human lysyl oxidase-like 2 a glycoprotein? | Yes, human lysyl oxidase-like 2 is a glycoprotein. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27974345 | Can GDF15 be a biomarker for metformin treatment? | Yes, GDF15 levels are a biomarker for the use of metformin in people with dysglycemia, and its concentration reflects the dose of metformin. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28052319 | Has rituximab been considered as a treatment for chronic fatigues syndrome? (November 2017) | The use of rituximab may be of benefit for CFS/ME, but the evidence of its effectiveness is still limited. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23204322 | Does oncogene-induced DNA replication stress inhibit genomic instability? | No, oncogene-induced DNA replication stress is thought to drive genomic instability. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28526291,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28625158,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27355351,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28129388,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595274 | Is the petrous bone used in ancient DNA sampling? | Large-scale genomic analyses of ancient human populations have become feasible partly due to refined sampling methods. The inner part of petrous bones and the cementum layer in teeth roots are currently recognized as the best substrates for such research. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970244,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970246,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12761221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19683670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27965595,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25800735 | Is recursive splicing more common in short introns? | Recent work in human and fruitfly tissues revealed that long introns are extensively processed cotranscriptionally and in a stepwise manner, before their two flanking exons are spliced together Recursive splicing is a process in which large introns are removed in multiple steps by re-splicing at ratchet points--5' splice sites recreated after splicing.Together, these results indicate that recursive splicing is commonly used in Drosophila, occurs in humans, and provides insight into the mechanisms by which some large introns are removed. Recent work in human and fruitfly tissues revealed that long introns are extensively processed cotranscriptionally and in a stepwise manner, before their two flanking exons are spliced together Cutting a Long Intron Short: Recursive Splicing and Its Implications.Recursive splicing is a process in which large introns are removed in multiple steps by re-splicing at ratchet points--5' splice sites recreated after splicing. It is more common in large/long introns.Recursive splice sites predicted with highly stringent criteria are found at much higher frequency than expected in the sense strands of introns > 20 kb , but they are found only at the expected frequency on the antisense strands , and they are underrepresented within introns < 10 kb.Using a computational analysis of the genomic sequences , we show that vertebrates lack the proper enrichment of rp-sites in their large introns , and , therefore , require some other method to aid splicing.Recent work in human and fruitfly tissues revealed that long introns are extensively processed cotranscriptionally and in a stepwise manner, before their two flanking exons are spliced together |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27694892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28125844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28041746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28073888,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28273952 | Is Lysyl oxidase crosslinking collagen? | Yes, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like (LOXL) proteins play crucial roles in ECM remodeling due to their collagen crosslinking and intracellular functions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26290838,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22731778,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23624983,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14602299 | Is sternotomy closure done using either a sternal ZipFix™ implant or conventional steel wire following cardiac surgery? | Yes, closure of the sternum following cardiac surgery can be done using a wire closure or sternal ZipFix™ a cable-tie-based system which is fast, easy to use, reliable and safe. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24909122,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25810254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27066865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636943,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561718,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25934506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23728302 | Is transcription of eRNA bidirectional? | In addition to widespread transcription of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mammalian cells, bidirectional ncRNAs are transcribed on enhancers, and are thus referred to as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). Kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), which codes for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is a well-known AR-regulated gene and its upstream enhancers produce bidirectional enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), termed KLK3e.XR-seq maps capture transcription-coupled repair at sites of divergent gene promoters and bidirectional enhancer RNA (eRNA) production at enhancers A richer picture has taken shape, integrating transcription of coding genes, enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), and various other noncoding transcriptional events.In addition to widespread transcription of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mammalian cells, bidirectional ncRNAs are transcribed on enhancers, and are thus referred to as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs).In addition to widespread transcription of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mammalian cells, bidirectional ncRNAs are transcribed on enhancers, and are thus referred to as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). A richer picture has taken shape, integrating transcription of coding genes, enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), and various other noncoding transcriptional events.XR-seq maps capture transcription-coupled repair at sites of divergent gene promoters and bidirectional enhancer RNA (eRNA) production at enhancersIn addition to widespread transcription of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mammalian cells, bidirectional ncRNAs are transcribed on enhancers, and are thus referred to as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20876129,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061210,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27493551 | Is the protein pelota a ribosomal rescue factor? | Yes, in eukaryotes, Pelota (Dom34 in yeast) and Hbs1 are responsible for solving general problems of ribosomal stall in translation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28368308,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28245630 | Is CXCL7 a chemokine? | Yes, CXCL7 is a chemokine highly expressed in platelets. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28199210,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15708008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957938,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22487454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27616276,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12765697,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26558786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25236871,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28082421,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28970008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16252251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21140288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23129587,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22475739,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20515676,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23371039 | The TRPM2 gene is associated with development of spontaneous thromboembolism? | TheTransientReceptorPotentialMelastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a member of G protein coupled receptor superfamily and a novel dual-function protein that possesses both ion channel andAdenosine 5'-DiphosPhataseRibose (ADPR) hydrolase function. TRPM2 is involved in Ca2+signaling in various cells as an endogenous redox sensor for oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species, and contributes to cytokine production, insulin release, motility, Ca2+entry and Ca2+-dependent cellular reactions such as endothelial hyper-permeability and apoptosis and may regulate the bacteriocidal activity of Macrophages |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28971967 | Is a mutation of the ZIKV's membrane protein prM responsible for the microcephaly in new-born infants? | Yes, a single mutation in the prM protein of Zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17326095,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25385275 | What is the aim of the PhenCode database? | PhenCode (Phenotypes for ENCODE; http://www.bx.psu.edu/phencode) is a collaborative, exploratory project to help understand phenotypes of human mutations in the context of sequence and functional data from genome projects. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25358341,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948796,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27215607 | What is the basis of the Sp3 procedure used in proteomics? | SP3, a novel technology for proteomic sample preparation using magnetic beads. SP3 provides a rapid and unbiased means of proteomic sample preparation in a single tube that facilitates ultrasensitive analysis by outperforming existing protocols in terms of efficiency, scalability, speed, throughput, and flexibility. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27869826,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26229090,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28726821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059320 | What is "enhancer hijacking"? | Enhancer hijacking is the molecular process through which a structural variant removes or moves a TAD boundary to expose TSSs to regulatory enhancers from which they would normally be insulated. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16724791,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435428,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19434960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22512412,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8021081,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/134458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10826264,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27436771,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15788142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25403034,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1379146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11340482,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15050029,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19231646,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16465134,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25053979,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11990247,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12123553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24442039 | What disease is tinea ? | Tinea is a superficial fungal infections of the skin. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15185094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15832308,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17351135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26028266,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293123,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9462544,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6300765,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15944227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27084947,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27560363,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19715670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11336982,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1983039 | How are deletion breakpoints defined? | Molecular mapping of deletion breakpoints on chromosome 4 of Drosophila melanogaster. We identified 18 deletion breakpoints at the DNA nucleotide sequence level. Commonly used methods for the detection of CNV breakpoints include long-range PCR and primer walking, their success being limited by the deletion size, GC content and presence of DNA repeats.We identified 18 deletion breakpoints at the DNA nucleotide sequence level. Molecular mapping of deletion breakpoints on chromosome 4 of Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we investigated the deletion breakpoints of the parkin mutations in 22 families with AR-JP and examined the possible association between these deletion events and meiotic recombinations. he hemizygous deletion of exons 45-50 in the DMD gene and the large autosomal heterozygous PARK2 deletion were used to demonstrate the workflow that relies on real-time quantitative PCR to narrow down the deletion region and Sanger sequencing for breakpoint confirmation. Specifically, (AT)n, (GAA)n and (GAAA)n constitute the most frequent repeats at translocation breakpoints, whereas A-tracts occur preferentially at deletion breakpoints Commonly used methods for the detection of CNV breakpoints include long-range PCR and primer walking, their success being limited by the deletion size, GC content and presence of DNA repeats.Commonly used methods for the detection of CNV breakpoints include long-range PCR and primer walking, their success being limited by the deletion size, GC content and presence of DNA repeats. A promising new workflow relies on real-time quantitative PCR to narrow down the deletion region and Sanger sequencing for breakpoint confirmation.Commonly used methods for the detection of CNV breakpoints include long-range PCR and primer walking, their success being limited by the deletion size, GC content and presence of DNA repeats. We identified 18 deletion breakpoints at the DNA nucleotide sequence level. Specifically, (AT)n, (GAA)n and (GAAA)n constitute the most frequent repeats at translocation breakpoints, whereas A-tracts occur preferentially at deletion breakpoints Commonly used methods for the detection of CNV breakpoints include long-range PCR and primer walking, their success being limited by the deletion size, GC content and presence of DNA repeats. Molecular mapping of deletion breakpoints on chromosome 4 of Drosophila melanogaster. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24732794 | How is the nuclear localization of lncRNA mediated? | The lncRNA localization to the nucleus can be mediated by the pentamer sequence AGCCC. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097267,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29030848,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27832532,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25679813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28075484 | What is ATAC-seq? | The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) was recently established as a method to profile open chromatin, which overcomes the sample size limitations of the alternative methods DNase/MNase-seq.ATAC-seq captures open chromatin sites using a simple two-step protocol with 500-50,000 cells and reveals the interplay between genomic locations of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins, individual nucleosomes and chromatin compaction at nucleotide resolution. An assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) is based on in vitro transposition of sequencing adaptors into native chromatin. It is described as a rapid and sensitive method for integrative epigenomic analysis. ATAC-seq captures open chromatin sites using a simple two-step protocol with 500-50,000 cells and reveals the interplay between genomic locations of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins, individual nucleosomes and chromatin compaction at nucleotide resolution. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940490 | What is the TALE-iD method used for? | TALE-iD is a methylation-based method for the study of native chromatin structure.Using different cell types and loci, computational modeling, and a methylation-based orthogonal validation method, "TALE-iD", we show that native interactions resemble cross-linked ones, but display improved signal-to-noise ratios and are more focal on regulatory elements and CTCF sites, while strictly abiding to topologically associating domain restrictions.Using different cell types and loci, computational modeling, and a methylation-based orthogonal validation method, "TALE-iD", we show that native interactions resemble cross-linked ones, but display improved signal-to-noise ratios and are more focal on regulatory elements and CTCF sites, while strictly abiding to topologically associating domain restrictions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28255281,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16429324,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17447970,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600564,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27815949,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11237774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16899115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12094381,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2660231,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28339664,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15389972,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19032921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27761746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8873960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18469796,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15920545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18496141 | What is Paget's Disease? | Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a noninflammatory, metabolic, skeletal disorder characterized by localized excessive osteoclastic bone resorption that is followed by compensatory increased osteoblastic activity leading to unstructured, fibroblastic, and biomechanically unstable bone. Paget's disease of bone interferes with your body's normal recycling process, in which new bone tissue gradually replaces old bone tissue. Over time, the disease can cause affected bones to become fragile and misshapen. Mammary Paget's disease and extramammary Paget's disease are neoplastic conditions, in which there is intraepithelial (usually intraepidermal) infiltration by neoplastic cells showing glandular differentiation.Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a noninflammatory, metabolic, skeletal disorder characterized by localized excessive osteoclastic bone resorption that is followed by compensatory increased osteoblastic activity leading to unstructured, fibroblastic, and biomechanically unstable bone. As a result, there is deformity and enlargement of the bone with a defective and disorganized pattern. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19100272,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26521981,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11453693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16870770 | What is the function of penicillinase, also known as beta lactamase? | Beta-lactamases are a family of serine enzymes that hydrolyse beta-lactam antibiotics following an acylation-deacylation mechanism. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772461 | The common house cat, Felis silvestris catus and the domestic dog, Canis familiaris both belong to what taxonomic order? | Domestic dogs and cats can be interpreted in terms of their descent from members of the order Carnivora. The common house cat and domestic dog both belong to the order Carnivora in the class Mammaliadomestic dogs and cats can be interpreted in terms of their descent from members of the order Carnivora. domestic dogs and cats can be interpreted in terms of their descent from members of the order Carnivora. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28862757,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15941718,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28161276,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268681,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11507042,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369356,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14980504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870268,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21465478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9591631 | What is caused by the ectopic expression of CTCF? | ectopic expression of CTCF in K562 cells led to growth retardation and promotion of differentiation into the erythroid lineage;Enforced ectopic expression of CTCF inhibits cell growth in culture. ectopic expression of CTCF in K562 cells led to growth retardation and promotion of differentiation into the erythroid lineage;Ectopic expression of CTCF results in severe cell growth inhibition at multiple points within the cell cycle.ectopic expression of CTCF in K562 cells led to growth retardation and promotion of differentiation into the erythroid lineage;. Enforced ectopic expression of CTCF inhibits cell growth in culture. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22988875,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624856,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26600626,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28205494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24225420,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20722494 | What is the dardarin protein? | Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2 or Dardarin) are considered to be a common cause of autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson´s disease, |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20606162,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29044489,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18768533,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990987,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12718904,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23257444,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12586610,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082006,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15523650,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26447946,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17186470,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17376718,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11424144,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351378 | In which syndrome is the RPS19 gene most frequently mutated? | Ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19), currently the only gene associated with DBA, is mutated in 25% of DBA patients, but its role in erythropoiesis is unknown. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital red-cell aplasia characterized by anemia, bone-marrow erythroblastopenia, and congenital anomalies and is associated with heterozygous mutations in the ribosomal protein (RP) S19 gene (RPS19) in approximately 25% of probands. Mutations in the gene encoding ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) have been identified in approximately 25% of DBA families.Among these patients, RPS19 was the most frequently mutated gene. It has been proven that defects of ribosomal proteins can lead to this disease and that RPS19 is the most frequently mutated gene in DBA patients. Mutations in the ribosomal protein S19 gene (RPS19) have been found in 25% of patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a rare syndrome of congenital bone marrow failure characterized by erythroblastopenia and various malformations. The association of mental retardation with large deletions at the 19q locus points to a contiguous gene syndrome. Analysis of pre-rRNA processing in primary DBA lymphoblastoid cell lines demonstrated similar alterations of large ribosomal subunit rRNA in both RPL35A-mutated and some RPL35A wild-type patients, suggesting additional large ribosomal subunit gene defects are likely present in some cases of DBA. No genotype-phenotype correlation has been found so far in RPS19 mutated patients. Hematologic findings, malformations and outcome are similar in the RPS19 mutated and the non-mutated groups. Recent reports show that the ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) gene is mutated in 25% of all patients with DBA.The RPS19 mutation group was associated with higher requirement for chronic treatment for anemia than other DBA groups.Mutations in the gene encoding ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) have been identified in approximately 25% of DBA families. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital red-cell aplasia characterized by anemia, bone-marrow erythroblastopenia, and congenital anomalies and is associated with heterozygous mutations in the ribosomal protein (RP) S19 gene (RPS19) in approximately 25% of probands. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097306,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28527813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635462,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21783031,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218638,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218631,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218635 | What type of sequences do enhancers evolve from? | Studies have identified enhancers that were pivotal for morphological divergence and highlighted how novel genetic networks shaping form emerged from pre-existing ones.Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral dna exaptation , rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements.Recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements.Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements. The sequences of some gene regulatory elements diverge considerably, even between closely related species. The trend is one of high divergence of cis-regulatory elements between species, possibly compensated by extensive creation and loss of regulatory elements and rewiring of their target genes. Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28718333,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18683528,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28582584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1888865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7594983,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28447963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215765,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26330845,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28594494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28091439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630774 | What nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome? | Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a focal compressive neuropathy of the median nerve at the level of the wrist.Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal tunnel.Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a focal compressive neuropathy of the median nerve at the level of the wrist. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26780438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146937,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26582054,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668305,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26024311,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28273952 | What is the function of LOX proteins in the ECM? | Lysyl oxidases (LOX) are copper-dependent enzymes that oxidize primary amine substrates to reactive aldehydes. The best-studied role of LOX enzymes is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animals by cross-linking collagens and elastin |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25749332,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8593015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22670895,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15482124,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16771614,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14505192,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550990,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15989601,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11772333,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12556212 | Please list 3 diseases treated with Valtrex(valacyclovir) | Valtrex (valacyclovir) is an antiviral medication used to treat infections with: herpes zoster (shingles), herpes simplex genitalis (genital herpes),
and herpes labialis (cold sores). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9566734,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17013929,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22977065,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362865 | Which olfactory gene senses androsterone? | A previously reported association between the olfactory receptor or7d4 and the androstenone was not detected until we specifically typed this gene p = 1.1 × 10 -4.Any mammals can decipher these scent codes to discern the gender , age , endocrine status , social status , and genotype of conspecifics using dedicated sensory receptors in their olfactory system.These findings suggest that 1) the perceived intensity of some but not all odorants is a heritable trait, 2) use of a current genome-wide marker panel did not detect a known olfactory genotype-phenotype association, and 3) person-to-person differences in androstenone perception are influenced by OR7D4 genotype and perhaps by variants of other genes. A previously reported association between the olfactory receptor OR7D4 and the androstenone was not detected until we specifically typed this gene (P = 1.1 × 10(-4)). any mammals can decipher these scent codes to discern the gender, age, endocrine status, social status, and genotype of conspecifics using dedicated sensory receptors in their olfactory system. Person-to-person differences in androstenone perception are influenced by OR7D4 genotype and perhaps by variants of other genes.These findings suggest that 1) the perceived intensity of some but not all odorants is a heritable trait, 2) use of a current genome-wide marker panel did not detect a known olfactory genotype-phenotype association, and 3) person-to-person differences in androstenone perception are influenced by OR7D4 genotype and perhaps by variants of other genes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28295608,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099198 | Where in the body would the navicular bone be found? | The navicular bone is located in the foot |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430627 | Name an lncRNA associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. | The lncRNA H19 is significantly upregulated in the myocardial tissue in dilated cardiomyopathy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11689486,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7581459,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10885670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11672965,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016241,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27755135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17147521,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28024137,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22140526,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28030792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16704453,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15972726,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571053,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9487023,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18484624,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23146638,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12876664,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21108681,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11254446,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11549109 | Which gene is responsible for red hair? | Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans.Red hair is the null phenotype of MC1R. Loss-of-function mutations at the MC1R are associated with a switch from eumelanin to phaeomelanin production, resulting in a red or yellow coat colour. Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants are associated with fair skin and red hair.Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans. Individuals with red hair have a predominance of phaeomelain in hair and skin and/or a reduced ability to produce eumelanin, which may explain why they fail to tan and are at risk from UVR. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996987,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6099579,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3025706,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/349563 | Which bacteria was EcoRI, restriction endonuclease isolated from? | Among hundreds of restriction endonucleases, the Eco R1 enzyme is the most useful and widely investigated enzyme and was isolated from E. coli RY 13 |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11428412,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034947,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19127040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16011530,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716388,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19009138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8228302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21905781 | Which is the main reason for the increase in the incidence of cryptococcal disease? | It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients, most notably those with HIV infection. Currently, 4.0% patients with AIDS in the United Kingdom are known to have developed cryptococcosis. The incidence of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade. It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients, most notably those with HIV infection. The incidence of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade.The incidence of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade. It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients, most notably those with HIV infection. Currently, 4.0% patients with AIDS in the United Kingdom are known to have developed cryptococcosis.It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients with aids in the united kingdom are known to have developed cryptococcosis. It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients, most notably those with hiv infection. It is an increasing cause of infection with cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade. The incidence of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade. It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients, most notably those with HIV infection.It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients, most notably those with HIV infection. The incidence of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade. Currently, 4.0% patients with AIDS in the United Kingdom are known to have developed cryptococcosis.The incidence of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade. It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients, most notably those with HIV infection. Currently, 4.0% patients with AIDS in the United Kingdom are known to have developed cryptococcosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22068265,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23666208,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030426,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24513612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22503288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25501874,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24654529,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28036300,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26781569,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20961960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466884,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20838600 | Which genes are responsible for the high-altitude adaptation of Tibetans? | Recent studies have identified genes involved in high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans. Genetic variants/haplotypes within regions containing three of these genes (EPAS1, EGLN1, and PPARA) are associated with relatively decreased hemoglobin levels observed in Tibetans at high altitude, providing corroborative evidence for genetic adaptation to this extreme environment. A gene (HMOX2) involved in heme catabolism, harbors potentially adaptive variants in Tibetans.Recent studies have identified genes involved in high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans. Three of these genes, EPAS1, EGLN1 and PPARA, regulate or are regulated by hypoxia inducible factor, a principal controller of erythropoiesis and other organismal functions. Two functional loci in the promoter of EPAS1 gene involved in high-altitude adaptation of Tibetans.EGLN1 (or HIFPH2, MIM 606425) and EPAS1 (or HIF2A, MIM 603349), both related to hypoxia-inducible factor, were found most differentiated in the two regions, respectively. Genetic variants/haplotypes within regions containing three of these genes (EPAS1, EGLN1, and PPARA) are associated with relatively decreased hemoglobin levels observed in Tibetans at high altitude, providing corroborative evidence for genetic adaptation to this extreme environment. Three of these genes, EPAS1, EGLN1 and PPARA, regulate or are regulated by hypoxia inducible factor, a principal controller of erythropoiesis and other organismal functions.Genetic variants/haplotypes within regions containing three of these genes (EPAS1, EGLN1, and PPARA) are associated with relatively decreased hemoglobin levels observed in Tibetans at high altitude, providing corroborative evidence for genetic adaptation to this extreme environment. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28794154,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304220,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453364,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057582,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26515423,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26518386 | Which is the main protein in brown adipose tissue (BAT) active in thermogenesis? | Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the hallmark protein responsible for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29026368,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29050213 | Which method is Proseek based on? | proximity extension immunoassay |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347351,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10943908,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16436187,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25497297,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15652876,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29073746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28851912,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15870836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26494873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20810002,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698585,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14697883,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12554604,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26851573,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194374,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21554924,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17417058,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25794322 | With which personality traits has the human monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene been associated? | Association studies suggest that the low activity variant of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA)-uVNTR polymorphism confers risk for emotional disturbances associated with antisocial traits, particularly in males. These include antisocial and borderline personality disorders and antisocial aggression.Association of monoamine oxidase-A genetic variants and amygdala morphology in violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder and high psychopathic traits. The interaction of the low activity variant of the monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA-L) gene and early childhood adversity has been shown to predict aggression in clinical and non-clinical populations Monoamine Oxidase-A Genetic Variants and Childhood Abuse Predict Impulsiveness in Borderline Personality Disorder.Association of monoamine oxidase-A genetic variants and amygdala morphology in violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder and high psychopathic traits. Association of monoamine oxidase-A genetic variants and amygdala morphology in violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder and high psychopathic traits. Monoamine oxidase a gene is associated with borderline personality disorder. Gene environment interactions with a novel variable Monoamine Oxidase A transcriptional enhancer are associated with antisocial personality disorder.Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter levels and a large number of human behaviors. For example, it has been shown that childhood maltreatment interacts with a monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene variant to predict antisocial behavior that is often associated with alcoholism, and an interaction between early life stress and a serotonin transporter promoter variant predicts alcohol abuse in nonhuman primates and depression in humans. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether a cumulative genetic score (CGS) containing the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and the human serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) was associated with IPV perpetration after accounting for the effects of alcohol problems, drug problems, age, and length of relationship. One approach to this question is examining allelic variation in the X-linked monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, previously associated with impulsive aggression in animals and humans. Allelic variation of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has been implicated in conduct disorder and antisocial, aggressive behavior in humans when associated with early adverse experiences.Association of monoamine oxidase-A genetic variants and amygdala morphology in violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder and high psychopathic traits. |
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