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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cumulative_standard_deviation | Cumulative standard deviation | Task[edit]
Write a stateful function, class, generator or co-routine that takes a series of floating point numbers, one at a time, and returns the running standard deviation of the series.
The task implementation should use the most natural programming style of those listed for the function in the implementation language; the task must state which is being used.
Do not apply Bessel's correction; the returned standard deviation should always be computed as if the sample seen so far is the entire population.
Test case
Use this to compute the standard deviation of this demonstration set,
{
2
,
4
,
4
,
4
,
5
,
5
,
7
,
9
}
{\displaystyle \{2,4,4,4,5,5,7,9\}}
, which is
2
{\displaystyle 2}
.
Related tasks
Random numbers
Tasks for calculating statistical measures
in one go
moving (sliding window)
moving (cumulative)
Mean
Arithmetic
Statistics/Basic
Averages/Arithmetic mean
Averages/Pythagorean means
Averages/Simple moving average
Geometric
Averages/Pythagorean means
Harmonic
Averages/Pythagorean means
Quadratic
Averages/Root mean square
Circular
Averages/Mean angle
Averages/Mean time of day
Median
Averages/Median
Mode
Averages/Mode
Standard deviation
Statistics/Basic
Cumulative standard deviation
| #Emacs_Lisp | Emacs Lisp | (defun running-std (items)
(let ((running-sum 0)
(running-len 0)
(running-squared-sum 0)
(result 0))
(dolist (item items)
(setq running-sum (+ running-sum item))
(setq running-len (1+ running-len))
(setq running-squared-sum (+ running-squared-sum (* item item)))
(setq result (sqrt (- (/ running-squared-sum (float running-len))
(/ (* running-sum running-sum)
(float (* running-len running-len))))))
(message "%f" result))
result))
(running-std '(2 4 4 4 5 5 7 9)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CRC-32 | CRC-32 |
Task
Demonstrate a method of deriving the Cyclic Redundancy Check from within the language.
The result should be in accordance with ISO 3309, ITU-T V.42, Gzip and PNG.
Algorithms are described on Computation of CRC in Wikipedia.
This variant of CRC-32 uses LSB-first order, sets the initial CRC to FFFFFFFF16, and complements the final CRC.
For the purpose of this task, generate a CRC-32 checksum for the ASCII encoded string:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
| #Elixir | Elixir | defmodule Test do
def crc32(str) do
IO.puts :erlang.crc32(str) |> Integer.to_string(16)
end
end
Test.crc32("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog") |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CRC-32 | CRC-32 |
Task
Demonstrate a method of deriving the Cyclic Redundancy Check from within the language.
The result should be in accordance with ISO 3309, ITU-T V.42, Gzip and PNG.
Algorithms are described on Computation of CRC in Wikipedia.
This variant of CRC-32 uses LSB-first order, sets the initial CRC to FFFFFFFF16, and complements the final CRC.
For the purpose of this task, generate a CRC-32 checksum for the ASCII encoded string:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
| #Erlang | Erlang |
-module(crc32).
-export([test/0]).
test() ->
io:fwrite("~.16#~n",[erlang:crc32(<<"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog">>)]).
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_the_coins | Count the coins | There are four types of common coins in US currency:
quarters (25 cents)
dimes (10 cents)
nickels (5 cents), and
pennies (1 cent)
There are six ways to make change for 15 cents:
A dime and a nickel
A dime and 5 pennies
3 nickels
2 nickels and 5 pennies
A nickel and 10 pennies
15 pennies
Task
How many ways are there to make change for a dollar using these common coins? (1 dollar = 100 cents).
Optional
Less common are dollar coins (100 cents); and very rare are half dollars (50 cents). With the addition of these two coins, how many ways are there to make change for $1000?
(Note: the answer is larger than 232).
References
an algorithm from the book Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs.
an article in the algorithmist.
Change-making problem on Wikipedia.
| #360_Assembly | 360 Assembly | * count the coins 04/09/2015
COINS CSECT
USING COINS,R12
LR R12,R15
L R8,AMOUNT npenny=amount
L R4,AMOUNT
SRDA R4,32
D R4,=F'5'
LR R9,R5 nnickle=amount/5
L R4,AMOUNT
SRDA R4,32
D R4,=F'10'
LR R10,R5 ndime=amount/10
L R4,AMOUNT
SRDA R4,32
D R4,=F'25'
LR R11,R5 nquarter=amount/25
SR R1,R1 count=0
SR R4,R4 p=0
LOOPP CR R4,R8 do p=0 to npenny
BH ELOOPP
SR R5,R5 n=0
LOOPN CR R5,R9 do n=0 to nnickle
BH ELOOPN
SR R6,R6
LOOPD CR R6,R10 do d=0 to ndime
BH ELOOPD
SR R7,R7 q=0
LOOPQ CR R7,R11 do q=0 to nquarter
BH ELOOPQ
LR R3,R5 n
MH R3,=H'5'
LR R2,R4 p
AR R2,R3
LR R3,R6 d
MH R3,=H'10'
AR R2,R3
LR R3,R7 q
MH R3,=H'25'
AR R2,R3 s=p+n*5+d*10+q*25
C R2,=F'100' if s=100
BNE NOTOK
LA R1,1(R1) count=count+1
NOTOK LA R7,1(R7) q=q+1
B LOOPQ
ELOOPQ LA R6,1(R6) d=d+1
B LOOPD
ELOOPD LA R5,1(R5) n=n+1
B LOOPN
ELOOPN LA R4,1(R4) p=p+1
B LOOPP
ELOOPP XDECO R1,PG+0 edit count
XPRNT PG,12 print count
XR R15,R15
BR R14
AMOUNT DC F'100' start value in cents
PG DS CL12
YREGS
END COINS |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_the_coins | Count the coins | There are four types of common coins in US currency:
quarters (25 cents)
dimes (10 cents)
nickels (5 cents), and
pennies (1 cent)
There are six ways to make change for 15 cents:
A dime and a nickel
A dime and 5 pennies
3 nickels
2 nickels and 5 pennies
A nickel and 10 pennies
15 pennies
Task
How many ways are there to make change for a dollar using these common coins? (1 dollar = 100 cents).
Optional
Less common are dollar coins (100 cents); and very rare are half dollars (50 cents). With the addition of these two coins, how many ways are there to make change for $1000?
(Note: the answer is larger than 232).
References
an algorithm from the book Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs.
an article in the algorithmist.
Change-making problem on Wikipedia.
| #Ada | Ada | with Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Count_The_Coins is
type Counter_Type is range 0 .. 2**63-1; -- works with gnat
type Coin_List is array(Positive range <>) of Positive;
function Count(Goal: Natural; Coins: Coin_List) return Counter_Type is
Cnt: array(0 .. Goal) of Counter_Type := (0 => 1, others => 0);
-- 0 => we already know one way to choose (no) coins that sum up to zero
-- 1 .. Goal => we do not (yet) other ways to choose coins
begin
for C in Coins'Range loop
for Amount in 1 .. Cnt'Last loop
if Coins(C) <= Amount then
Cnt(Amount) := Cnt(Amount) + Cnt(Amount-Coins(C));
-- Amount-Coins(C) plus Coins(C) sums up to Amount;
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
return Cnt(Goal);
end Count;
procedure Print(C: Counter_Type) is
begin
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(Counter_Type'Image(C));
end Print;
begin
Print(Count( 1_00, (25, 10, 5, 1)));
Print(Count(1000_00, (100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 1)));
end Count_The_Coins; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_an_HTML_table | Create an HTML table | Create an HTML table.
The table body should have at least three rows of three columns.
Each of these three columns should be labelled "X", "Y", and "Z".
An extra column should be added at either the extreme left or the extreme right of the table that has no heading, but is filled with sequential row numbers.
The rows of the "X", "Y", and "Z" columns should be filled with random or sequential integers having 4 digits or less.
The numbers should be aligned in the same fashion for all columns.
| #Ada | Ada | with Ada.Strings.Unbounded;
generic
type Item_Type is private;
with function To_String(Item: Item_Type) return String is <>;
with procedure Put(S: String) is <>;
with procedure Put_Line(Line: String) is <>;
package HTML_Table is
subtype U_String is Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Unbounded_String;
function Convert(S: String) return U_String renames
Ada.Strings.Unbounded.To_Unbounded_String;
type Item_Array is array(Positive range <>, Positive range <>) of Item_Type;
type Header_Array is array(Positive range <>) of U_String;
procedure Print(Items: Item_Array; Column_Heads: Header_Array);
end HTML_Table; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_format | Date format | This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task.
Task
Display the current date in the formats of:
2007-11-23 and
Friday, November 23, 2007
| #Julia | Julia | ts = Dates.today()
println("Today's date is:")
println("\t$ts")
println("\t", Dates.format(ts, "E, U dd, yyyy")) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_format | Date format | This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task.
Task
Display the current date in the formats of:
2007-11-23 and
Friday, November 23, 2007
| #Kotlin | Kotlin | // version 1.0.6
import java.util.GregorianCalendar
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val now = GregorianCalendar()
println("%tF".format(now))
println("%tA, %1\$tB %1\$te, %1\$tY".format(now))
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cramer%27s_rule | Cramer's rule | linear algebra
Cramer's rule
system of linear equations
Given
{
a
1
x
+
b
1
y
+
c
1
z
=
d
1
a
2
x
+
b
2
y
+
c
2
z
=
d
2
a
3
x
+
b
3
y
+
c
3
z
=
d
3
{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}z&={\color {red}d_{1}}\\a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}z&={\color {red}d_{2}}\\a_{3}x+b_{3}y+c_{3}z&={\color {red}d_{3}}\end{matrix}}\right.}
which in matrix format is
[
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
]
[
x
y
z
]
=
[
d
1
d
2
d
3
]
.
{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}{\color {red}d_{1}}\\{\color {red}d_{2}}\\{\color {red}d_{3}}\end{bmatrix}}.}
Then the values of
x
,
y
{\displaystyle x,y}
and
z
{\displaystyle z}
can be found as follows:
x
=
|
d
1
b
1
c
1
d
2
b
2
c
2
d
3
b
3
c
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
,
y
=
|
a
1
d
1
c
1
a
2
d
2
c
2
a
3
d
3
c
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
,
and
z
=
|
a
1
b
1
d
1
a
2
b
2
d
2
a
3
b
3
d
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
.
{\displaystyle x={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}{\color {red}d_{1}}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\{\color {red}d_{2}}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\{\color {red}d_{3}}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}},\quad y={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&{\color {red}d_{1}}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&{\color {red}d_{2}}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&{\color {red}d_{3}}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}},{\text{ and }}z={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&{\color {red}d_{1}}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&{\color {red}d_{2}}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&{\color {red}d_{3}}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}}.}
Task
Given the following system of equations:
{
2
w
−
x
+
5
y
+
z
=
−
3
3
w
+
2
x
+
2
y
−
6
z
=
−
32
w
+
3
x
+
3
y
−
z
=
−
47
5
w
−
2
x
−
3
y
+
3
z
=
49
{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}2w-x+5y+z=-3\\3w+2x+2y-6z=-32\\w+3x+3y-z=-47\\5w-2x-3y+3z=49\\\end{cases}}}
solve for
w
{\displaystyle w}
,
x
{\displaystyle x}
,
y
{\displaystyle y}
and
z
{\displaystyle z}
, using Cramer's rule.
| #C | C | #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
int n;
double **elems;
} SquareMatrix;
SquareMatrix init_square_matrix(int n, double elems[n][n]) {
SquareMatrix A = {
.n = n,
.elems = malloc(n * sizeof(double *))
};
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
A.elems[i] = malloc(n * sizeof(double));
for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j)
A.elems[i][j] = elems[i][j];
}
return A;
}
SquareMatrix copy_square_matrix(SquareMatrix src) {
SquareMatrix dest;
dest.n = src.n;
dest.elems = malloc(dest.n * sizeof(double *));
for(int i = 0; i < dest.n; ++i) {
dest.elems[i] = malloc(dest.n * sizeof(double));
for(int j = 0; j < dest.n; ++j)
dest.elems[i][j] = src.elems[i][j];
}
return dest;
}
double det(SquareMatrix A) {
double det = 1;
for(int j = 0; j < A.n; ++j) {
int i_max = j;
for(int i = j; i < A.n; ++i)
if(A.elems[i][j] > A.elems[i_max][j])
i_max = i;
if(i_max != j) {
for(int k = 0; k < A.n; ++k) {
double tmp = A.elems[i_max][k];
A.elems[i_max][k] = A.elems[j][k];
A.elems[j][k] = tmp;
}
det *= -1;
}
if(abs(A.elems[j][j]) < 1e-12) {
puts("Singular matrix!");
return NAN;
}
for(int i = j + 1; i < A.n; ++i) {
double mult = -A.elems[i][j] / A.elems[j][j];
for(int k = 0; k < A.n; ++k)
A.elems[i][k] += mult * A.elems[j][k];
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < A.n; ++i)
det *= A.elems[i][i];
return det;
}
void deinit_square_matrix(SquareMatrix A) {
for(int i = 0; i < A.n; ++i)
free(A.elems[i]);
free(A.elems);
}
double cramer_solve(SquareMatrix A, double det_A, double *b, int var) {
SquareMatrix tmp = copy_square_matrix(A);
for(int i = 0; i < tmp.n; ++i)
tmp.elems[i][var] = b[i];
double det_tmp = det(tmp);
deinit_square_matrix(tmp);
return det_tmp / det_A;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
#define N 4
double elems[N][N] = {
{ 2, -1, 5, 1},
{ 3, 2, 2, -6},
{ 1, 3, 3, -1},
{ 5, -2, -3, 3}
};
SquareMatrix A = init_square_matrix(N, elems);
SquareMatrix tmp = copy_square_matrix(A);
int det_A = det(tmp);
deinit_square_matrix(tmp);
double b[] = {-3, -32, -47, 49};
for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
printf("%7.3lf\n", cramer_solve(A, det_A, b, i));
deinit_square_matrix(A);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_file | Create a file | In this task, the job is to create a new empty file called "output.txt" of size 0 bytes
and an empty directory called "docs". This should be done twice: once "here", i.e. in the current working directory and once in the filesystem root.
| #ARM_Assembly | ARM Assembly |
/* ARM assembly Raspberry PI */
/* program createDirFic.s */
/* Constantes */
.equ STDOUT, 1 @ Linux output console
.equ EXIT, 1 @ Linux syscall exit Program
.equ WRITE, 4 @ Linux syscall write FILE
.equ MKDIR, 0x27 @ Linux Syscal create directory
.equ CHGDIR, 0xC @ Linux Syscal change directory
.equ CREATE, 0x8 @ Linux Syscal create file
.equ CLOSE, 0x6 @ Linux Syscal close file
/* Initialized data */
.data
szMessCreateDirOk: .asciz "Create directory Ok.\n"
szMessErrCreateDir: .asciz "Unable create directory. \n"
szMessErrChangeDir: .asciz "Unable change directory. \n"
szMessCreateFileOk: .asciz "Create file Ok.\n"
szMessErrCreateFile: .asciz "Unable create file. \n"
szMessErrCloseFile: .asciz "Unable close file. \n"
szNameDir: .asciz "Dir1"
szNameFile: .asciz "file1.txt"
/* UnInitialized data */
.bss
/* code section */
.text
.global main
main: @ entry of program
push {fp,lr} @ saves registers
@ create directory
ldr r0,iAdrszNameDir @ directory name
mov r1,#0775 @ mode (in octal zero is important !!)
mov r7, #MKDIR @ code call system create directory
swi #0 @ call systeme
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
bne 99f
@ display message ok directory
ldr r0,iAdrszMessCreateDirOk
bl affichageMess
@ change directory
ldr r0,iAdrszNameDir @ directory name
mov r7, #CHGDIR @ code call system change directory
swi #0 @ call systeme
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
bne 98f
@ create file
ldr r0,iAdrszNameFile @ directory name
mov r1,#0755 @ mode (in octal zero is important !!)
mov r2,#0
mov r7,#CREATE @ code call system create file
swi #0 @ call systeme
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
ble 97f
mov r8,r0 @ save File Descriptor
@ display message ok file
ldr r0,iAdrszMessCreateFileOk
bl affichageMess
@ close file
mov r0,r8 @ Fd
mov r7, #CLOSE @ close file
swi 0
cmp r0,#0
bne 96f
@ end Ok
b 100f
96:
@ display error message close file
ldr r0,iAdrszMessErrCloseFile
bl affichageMess
b 100f
97:
@ display error message create file
ldr r0,iAdrszMessErrCreateFile
bl affichageMess
b 100f
98:
@ display error message change directory
ldr r0,iAdrszMessErrChangeDir
bl affichageMess
b 100f
99:
@ display error message create directory
ldr r0,iAdrszMessErrCreateDir
bl affichageMess
b 100f
100: @ standard end of the program
mov r0, #0 @ return code
pop {fp,lr} @restaur 2 registers
mov r7, #EXIT @ request to exit program
swi 0 @ perform the system call
iAdrszMessCreateDirOk: .int szMessCreateDirOk
iAdrszMessErrCreateDir: .int szMessErrCreateDir
iAdrszMessErrChangeDir: .int szMessErrChangeDir
iAdrszMessCreateFileOk: .int szMessCreateFileOk
iAdrszNameFile: .int szNameFile
iAdrszMessErrCreateFile: .int szMessErrCreateFile
iAdrszMessErrCloseFile: .int szMessErrCloseFile
iAdrszNameDir: .int szNameDir
/******************************************************************/
/* display text with size calculation */
/******************************************************************/
/* r0 contains the address of the message */
affichageMess:
push {fp,lr} /* save registres */
push {r0,r1,r2,r7} /* save others registers */
mov r2,#0 /* counter length */
1: /* loop length calculation */
ldrb r1,[r0,r2] /* read octet start position + index */
cmp r1,#0 /* if 0 its over */
addne r2,r2,#1 /* else add 1 in the length */
bne 1b /* and loop */
/* so here r2 contains the length of the message */
mov r1,r0 /* address message in r1 */
mov r0,#STDOUT /* code to write to the standard output Linux */
mov r7, #WRITE /* code call system "write" */
swi #0 /* call systeme */
pop {r0,r1,r2,r7} /* restaur others registers */
pop {fp,lr} /* restaur des 2 registres */
bx lr /* return */
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_to_HTML_translation | CSV to HTML translation | Consider a simplified CSV format where all rows are separated by a newline
and all columns are separated by commas.
No commas are allowed as field data, but the data may contain
other characters and character sequences that would
normally be escaped when converted to HTML
Task
Create a function that takes a string representation of the CSV data
and returns a text string of an HTML table representing the CSV data.
Use the following data as the CSV text to convert, and show your output.
Character,Speech
The multitude,The messiah! Show us the messiah!
Brians mother,<angry>Now you listen here! He's not the messiah; he's a very naughty boy! Now go away!</angry>
The multitude,Who are you?
Brians mother,I'm his mother; that's who!
The multitude,Behold his mother! Behold his mother!
Extra credit
Optionally allow special formatting for the first row of the table as if it is the tables header row
(via <thead> preferably; CSS if you must).
| #BBC_BASIC | BBC BASIC | DATA "Character,Speech"
DATA "The multitude,The messiah! Show us the messiah!"
DATA "Brian's mother,<angry>Now you listen here! He's not the messiah; he's a very naughty boy! Now go away!</angry>"
DATA "The multitude,Who are you?"
DATA "Brian's mother,I'm his mother; that's who!"
DATA "The multitude,Behold his mother! Behold his mother!"
DATA "***"
*SPOOL CSVtoHTML.htm
PRINT "<HTML>"
PRINT "<HEAD>"
PRINT "</HEAD>"
PRINT "<BODY>"
PRINT "<table border=1 cellpadding =10 cellspacing=0>"
header% = TRUE
REPEAT
READ csv$
IF csv$ = "***" THEN EXIT REPEAT
IF header% PRINT "<tr><th>"; ELSE PRINT "<tr><td>";
FOR i% = 1 TO LEN(csv$)
c$ = MID$(csv$, i%, 1)
CASE c$ OF
WHEN ",": IF header% PRINT "</th><th>"; ELSE PRINT "</td><td>";
WHEN "<": PRINT "<";
WHEN ">": PRINT ">";
WHEN "&": PRINT "&";
OTHERWISE: PRINT c$;
ENDCASE
NEXT i%
IF header% PRINT "</th></tr>" ELSE PRINT "</td></tr>"
header% = FALSE
UNTIL FALSE
PRINT "</table>"
PRINT "</BODY>"
PRINT "</HTML>"
*spool
SYS "ShellExecute", @hwnd%, 0, "CSVtoHTML.htm", 0, 0, 1
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_data_manipulation | CSV data manipulation | CSV spreadsheet files are suitable for storing tabular data in a relatively portable way.
The CSV format is flexible but somewhat ill-defined.
For present purposes, authors may assume that the data fields contain no commas, backslashes, or quotation marks.
Task
Read a CSV file, change some values and save the changes back to a file.
For this task we will use the following CSV file:
C1,C2,C3,C4,C5
1,5,9,13,17
2,6,10,14,18
3,7,11,15,19
4,8,12,16,20
Suggestions
Show how to add a column, headed 'SUM', of the sums of the rows.
If possible, illustrate the use of built-in or standard functions, methods, or libraries, that handle generic CSV files.
| #Factor | Factor | USING: csv io.encodings.utf8 kernel math.parser sequences ;
IN: rosetta-code.csv-manipulation
: append-sum ( seq -- seq' )
dup [ string>number ] map-sum number>string suffix ;
: csv-sums ( seq -- seq' )
[ 0 = [ "SUM" suffix ] [ append-sum ] if ] map-index ;
"example.csv" utf8 [ file>csv csv-sums ] [ csv>file ] 2bi |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_data_manipulation | CSV data manipulation | CSV spreadsheet files are suitable for storing tabular data in a relatively portable way.
The CSV format is flexible but somewhat ill-defined.
For present purposes, authors may assume that the data fields contain no commas, backslashes, or quotation marks.
Task
Read a CSV file, change some values and save the changes back to a file.
For this task we will use the following CSV file:
C1,C2,C3,C4,C5
1,5,9,13,17
2,6,10,14,18
3,7,11,15,19
4,8,12,16,20
Suggestions
Show how to add a column, headed 'SUM', of the sums of the rows.
If possible, illustrate the use of built-in or standard functions, methods, or libraries, that handle generic CSV files.
| #Forth | Forth | \ csvsum.fs Add a new column named SUM that contain sums from rows of CommaSeparatedValues
\ USAGE:
\ gforth-fast csvsum.fs -e "stdout stdin csvsum bye" <input.csv >output.csv
CHAR , CONSTANT SEPARATOR
3 CONSTANT DECIMALS
1E1 DECIMALS S>D D>F F** FCONSTANT FSCALE
: colsum ( ca u -- F: -- sum ;return SUM from CSV-string )
0E0 OVER SWAP BOUNDS
?DO ( a )
I C@ SEPARATOR =
IF ( a )
I TUCK OVER - >FLOAT IF F+ THEN
1+
THEN
LOOP DROP
;
: f>string ( -- ca u F: x -- )
FSCALE F*
F>D TUCK DABS <# DECIMALS 0 DO # LOOP [CHAR] . HOLD #S ROT SIGN #>
;
: rowC!+ ( offs char -- u+1 ;store CHAR at here+OFFS,increment offset )
OVER HERE + C! 1+
;
: row$!+ ( offs ca u -- offs+u ;store STRING at here+OFFS,update offset )
ROT 2DUP + >R HERE + SWAP MOVE R>
;
\ If run program with '-m 4G'option, we have practically 4G to store a row
: csvsum ( fo fi -- ;write into FILEID-OUTPUT processed input from FILEID-INPUT )
2DUP
HERE UNUSED ROT READ-LINE THROW
IF ( fo fi fo u )
HERE SWAP ( fo fi fo ca u )
SEPARATOR rowC!+
s\" SUM" row$!+ ( fo fi fo ca u' )
ROT WRITE-LINE THROW
BEGIN ( fo fi )
2DUP HERE UNUSED ROT READ-LINE THROW
WHILE ( fo fi fo u )
HERE SWAP ( fo fi fo ca u )
SEPARATOR rowC!+
HERE OVER colsum f>string ( fo fi fo ca u ca' u' )
row$!+ ( fo fi fo ca u'+u )
ROT WRITE-LINE THROW
REPEAT
THEN
2DROP 2DROP
; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Damm_algorithm | Damm algorithm | The Damm algorithm is a checksum algorithm which detects all single digit errors and adjacent transposition errors.
The algorithm is named after H. Michael Damm.
Task
Verify the checksum, stored as last digit of an input.
| #PHP | PHP | <?php
function lookup($r,$c) {
$table = array(
array(0, 3, 1, 7, 5, 9, 8, 6, 4, 2),
array(7, 0, 9, 2, 1, 5, 4, 8, 6, 3),
array(4, 2, 0, 6, 8, 7, 1, 3, 5, 9),
array(1, 7, 5, 0, 9, 8, 3, 4, 2, 6),
array(6, 1, 2, 3, 0, 4, 5, 9, 7, 8),
array(3, 6, 7, 4, 2, 0, 9, 5, 8, 1),
array(5, 8, 6, 9, 7, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4),
array(8, 9, 4, 5, 3, 6, 2, 0, 1, 7),
array(9, 4, 3, 8, 6, 1, 7, 2, 0, 5),
array(2, 5, 8, 1, 4, 3, 6, 7, 9, 0),
);
return $table[$r][$c];
}
function isDammValid($input) {
return array_reduce(str_split($input), "lookup", 0) == 0;
}
foreach(array("5724", "5727", "112946", "112949") as $i) {
echo "{$i} is ".(isDammValid($i) ? "valid" : "invalid")."<br>";
}
?> |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cuban_primes | Cuban primes | The name cuban has nothing to do with Cuba (the country), but has to do with the
fact that cubes (3rd powers) play a role in its definition.
Some definitions of cuban primes
primes which are the difference of two consecutive cubes.
primes of the form: (n+1)3 - n3.
primes of the form: n3 - (n-1)3.
primes p such that n2(p+n) is a cube for some n>0.
primes p such that 4p = 1 + 3n2.
Cuban primes were named in 1923 by Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham.
Task requirements
show the first 200 cuban primes (in a multi─line horizontal format).
show the 100,000th cuban prime.
show all cuban primes with commas (if appropriate).
show all output here.
Note that cuban prime isn't capitalized (as it doesn't refer to the nation of Cuba).
Also see
Wikipedia entry: cuban prime.
MathWorld entry: cuban prime.
The OEIS entry: A002407. The 100,000th cuban prime can be verified in the 2nd example on this OEIS web page.
| #Lua | Lua | local primes = {3, 5}
local cutOff = 200
local bigUn = 100000
local chunks = 50
local little = math.floor(bigUn / chunks)
local tn = " cuban prime"
print(string.format("The first %d%ss", cutOff, tn))
local showEach = true
local c = 0
local u = 0
local v = 1
for i=1,10000000000000 do
local found = false
u = u + 6
v = v + u
local mx = math.ceil(math.sqrt(v))
--for _,item in pairs(primes) do -- why: latent traversal bugfix (and performance), 6/11/2020 db
for _,item in ipairs(primes) do
if item > mx then
break
end
if v % item == 0 then
--print("[DEBUG] :( i = " .. i .. "; v = " .. v)
found = true
break
end
end
if not found then
--print("[DEBUG] :) i = " .. i .. "; v = " .. v)
c = c + 1
if showEach then
--local z = primes[table.getn(primes)] + 2 -- why: modernize (deprecated), 6/11/2020 db
local z = primes[#primes] + 2
while z <= v - 2 do
local fnd = false
--for _,item in pairs(primes) do -- why: latent traversal bugfix (and performance), 6/11/2020 db
for _,item in ipairs(primes) do
if item > mx then
break
end
if z % item == 0 then
fnd = true
break
end
end
if not fnd then
table.insert(primes, z)
end
z = z + 2
end
table.insert(primes, v)
io.write(string.format("%11d", v))
if c % 10 == 0 then
print()
end
if c == cutOff then
showEach = false
io.write(string.format("\nProgress to the %dth%s: ", bigUn, tn))
end
end
if c % little == 0 then
io.write(".")
if c == bigUn then
break
end
end
end
end
--print(string.format("\nThe %dth%s is %17d", c, tn, v)) -- why: correcting reported inaccuracy in output, 6/11/2020 db
print(string.format("\nThe %dth%s is %.0f", c, tn, v)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currency | Currency | Task
Show how to represent currency in a simple example, using a data type that represent exact values of dollars and cents.
Note
The IEEE 754 binary floating point representations of numbers like 2.86 and .0765 are not exact.
For this example, data will be two items with prices in dollars and cents, a quantity for each, and a tax rate.
Use the values:
4000000000000000 hamburgers at $5.50 each (four quadrillion burgers)
2 milkshakes at $2.86 each, and
a tax rate of 7.65%.
(That number of hamburgers is a 4 with 15 zeros after it. The number is contrived to exclude naïve task solutions using 64 bit floating point types.)
Compute and output (show results on this page):
the total price before tax
the tax
the total with tax
The tax value must be computed by rounding to the nearest whole cent and this exact value must be added to the total price before tax.
The output must show dollars and cents with a decimal point.
The three results displayed should be:
22000000000000005.72
1683000000000000.44
23683000000000006.16
Dollar signs and thousands separators are optional.
| #Wren | Wren | import "/big" for BigRat
var hamburgers = BigRat.new("4000000000000000")
var milkshakes = BigRat.two
var price1 = BigRat.fromFloat(5.5)
var price2 = BigRat.fromFloat(2.86)
var taxPc = BigRat.fromFloat(0.0765)
var totalPc = BigRat.fromFloat(1.0765)
var totalPreTax = hamburgers*price1 + milkshakes*price2
var totalTax = taxPc * totalPreTax
var totalAfterTax = totalPreTax + totalTax
System.print("Total price before tax : %((totalPreTax).toDecimal(2))")
System.print("Tax : %((totalTax).toDecimal(2))")
System.print("Total price after tax : %((totalAfterTax).toDecimal(2))") |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currency | Currency | Task
Show how to represent currency in a simple example, using a data type that represent exact values of dollars and cents.
Note
The IEEE 754 binary floating point representations of numbers like 2.86 and .0765 are not exact.
For this example, data will be two items with prices in dollars and cents, a quantity for each, and a tax rate.
Use the values:
4000000000000000 hamburgers at $5.50 each (four quadrillion burgers)
2 milkshakes at $2.86 each, and
a tax rate of 7.65%.
(That number of hamburgers is a 4 with 15 zeros after it. The number is contrived to exclude naïve task solutions using 64 bit floating point types.)
Compute and output (show results on this page):
the total price before tax
the tax
the total with tax
The tax value must be computed by rounding to the nearest whole cent and this exact value must be added to the total price before tax.
The output must show dollars and cents with a decimal point.
The three results displayed should be:
22000000000000005.72
1683000000000000.44
23683000000000006.16
Dollar signs and thousands separators are optional.
| #zkl | zkl | var priceList=Dictionary("hamburger",550, "milkshake",286);
var taxRate=765; // percent*M
const M=0d10_000;
fcn toBucks(n){ "$%,d.%02d".fmt(n.divr(100).xplode()) }
fcn taxIt(n) { d,c:=n.divr(M).apply('*(taxRate)); d + (c+5000)/M; }
fcn calcTab(items){ // (hamburger,15), (milkshake,100) ...
items=vm.arglist;
fmt:="%-10s %8s %18s %26s";
fmt.fmt("Item Price Quantity Extension".split().xplode()).println();
totalBeforeTax:=0;
foreach item,n in (items.sort(fcn(a,b){ a[0]<b[0] })){
price:=priceList[item]; t:=price*n;
fmt.fmt(item,toBucks(price),n,toBucks(t)).println();
totalBeforeTax+=t;
}
fmt.fmt("","","","--------------------").println();
fmt.fmt("","","subtotal",toBucks(totalBeforeTax)).println();
tax:=taxIt(totalBeforeTax);
fmt.fmt("","","Tax",toBucks(tax)).println();
fmt.fmt("","","","--------------------").println();
fmt.fmt("","","Total",toBucks(totalBeforeTax + tax)).println();
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currying | Currying |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Currying. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Create a simple demonstrative example of Currying in a specific language.
Add any historic details as to how the feature made its way into the language.
| #Raku | Raku | my &negative = &infix:<->.assuming(0);
say negative 1; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currying | Currying |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Currying. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Create a simple demonstrative example of Currying in a specific language.
Add any historic details as to how the feature made its way into the language.
| #REXX | REXX | /*REXX program demonstrates a REXX currying method to perform addition. */
say 'add 2 to 3: ' add(2, 3)
say 'add 2 to 3 (curried):' add2(3)
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
add: procedure; $= arg(1); do j=2 to arg(); $= $ + arg(j); end; return $
add2: procedure; return add( arg(1), 2) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_manipulation | Date manipulation | Task
Given the date string "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST",
output the time 12 hours later in any human-readable format.
As extra credit, display the resulting time in a time zone different from your own.
| #Ruby | Ruby | require 'time'
d = "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST"
t = Time.parse(d)
puts t.rfc2822
puts t.zone
new = t + 12*3600
puts new.rfc2822
puts new.zone
# another timezone
require 'rubygems'
require 'active_support'
zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone['Beijing']
remote = zone.at(new)
# or, remote = new.in_time_zone('Beijing')
puts remote.rfc2822
puts remote.zone |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Day_of_the_week | Day of the week | A company decides that whenever Xmas falls on a Sunday they will give their workers all extra paid holidays so that, together with any public holidays, workers will not have to work the following week (between the 25th of December and the first of January).
Task
In what years between 2008 and 2121 will the 25th of December be a Sunday?
Using any standard date handling libraries of your programming language;
compare the dates calculated with the output of other languages to discover any anomalies in the handling of dates which may be due to, for example, overflow in types used to represent dates/times similar to y2k type problems.
| #Maple | Maple | xmas:= proc()
local i, dt;
for i from 2008 to 2121 by 1 do
dt := Date(i, 12, 25);
if (Calendar:-DayOfWeek(dt) = 1) then
print(i);
end if;
end do;
end proc;
xmas(); |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Day_of_the_week | Day of the week | A company decides that whenever Xmas falls on a Sunday they will give their workers all extra paid holidays so that, together with any public holidays, workers will not have to work the following week (between the 25th of December and the first of January).
Task
In what years between 2008 and 2121 will the 25th of December be a Sunday?
Using any standard date handling libraries of your programming language;
compare the dates calculated with the output of other languages to discover any anomalies in the handling of dates which may be due to, for example, overflow in types used to represent dates/times similar to y2k type problems.
| #Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language | Mathematica / Wolfram Language | Reap[If[DateString[{#,12,25},"DayName"]=="Sunday",Sow[#]]&/@Range[2008,2121]][[2,1]] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CUSIP | CUSIP |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at CUSIP. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
A CUSIP is a nine-character alphanumeric code that identifies a North American financial security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades. The CUSIP was adopted as an American National Standard under Accredited Standards X9.6.
Task
Ensure the last digit (i.e., the check digit) of the CUSIP code (the 1st column) is correct, against the following:
037833100 Apple Incorporated
17275R102 Cisco Systems
38259P508 Google Incorporated
594918104 Microsoft Corporation
68389X106 Oracle Corporation (incorrect)
68389X105 Oracle Corporation
Example pseudo-code below.
algorithm Cusip-Check-Digit(cusip) is
Input: an 8-character CUSIP
sum := 0
for 1 ≤ i ≤ 8 do
c := the ith character of cusip
if c is a digit then
v := numeric value of the digit c
else if c is a letter then
p := ordinal position of c in the alphabet (A=1, B=2...)
v := p + 9
else if c = "*" then
v := 36
else if c = "@" then
v := 37
else if' c = "#" then
v := 38
end if
if i is even then
v := v × 2
end if
sum := sum + int ( v div 10 ) + v mod 10
repeat
return (10 - (sum mod 10)) mod 10
end function
See related tasks
SEDOL
ISIN
| #REXX | REXX | /*REXX program validates that the last digit (the check digit) of a CUSIP is valid. */
@.=
parse arg @.1 .
if @.1=='' | @.1=="," then do; @.1= 037833100 /* Apple Incorporated */
@.2= 17275R102 /* Cisco Systems */
@.3= 38259P508 /* Google Incorporated */
@.4= 594918104 /* Microsoft Corporation */
@.5= 68389X106 /* Oracle Corporation (incorrect)*/
@.6= 68389X105 /* Oracle Corporation */
end
do j=1 while @.j\=''; chkDig=CUSIPchk(@.j) /*calculate check digit from func*/
OK=word("isn't is", 1 + (chkDig==right(@.j,1) ) ) /*validate check digit with func*/
say 'CUSIP ' @.j right(OK, 6) "valid." /*display the CUSIP and validity.*/
end /*j*/
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
CUSIPchk: procedure; arg x 9; $=0; abc= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
do k=1 for 8
y=substr(x, k, 1)
select
when datatype(y,'W') then #=y
when datatype(y,'U') then #=pos(y, abc) + 9
when y=='*' then #=36
when y=='@' then #=37
when y=='#' then #=38
otherwise return 0 /*invalid character.*/
end /*select*/
if k//2==0 then #=#+# /*K even? Double it*/
$=$ + #%10 + #//10
end /*k*/
return (10- $//10) // 10 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_two-dimensional_array_at_runtime | Create a two-dimensional array at runtime |
Data Structure
This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program.
You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category.
Get two integers from the user, then create a two-dimensional array where the two dimensions have the sizes given by those numbers, and which can be accessed in the most natural way possible. Write some element of that array, and then output that element. Finally destroy the array if not done by the language itself.
| #C | C | #include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
int user1 = 0, user2 = 0;
printf("Enter two integers. Space delimited, please: ");
scanf("%d %d",&user1, &user2);
int array[user1][user2];
array[user1/2][user2/2] = user1 + user2;
printf("array[%d][%d] is %d\n",user1/2,user2/2,array[user1/2][user2/2]);
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cumulative_standard_deviation | Cumulative standard deviation | Task[edit]
Write a stateful function, class, generator or co-routine that takes a series of floating point numbers, one at a time, and returns the running standard deviation of the series.
The task implementation should use the most natural programming style of those listed for the function in the implementation language; the task must state which is being used.
Do not apply Bessel's correction; the returned standard deviation should always be computed as if the sample seen so far is the entire population.
Test case
Use this to compute the standard deviation of this demonstration set,
{
2
,
4
,
4
,
4
,
5
,
5
,
7
,
9
}
{\displaystyle \{2,4,4,4,5,5,7,9\}}
, which is
2
{\displaystyle 2}
.
Related tasks
Random numbers
Tasks for calculating statistical measures
in one go
moving (sliding window)
moving (cumulative)
Mean
Arithmetic
Statistics/Basic
Averages/Arithmetic mean
Averages/Pythagorean means
Averages/Simple moving average
Geometric
Averages/Pythagorean means
Harmonic
Averages/Pythagorean means
Quadratic
Averages/Root mean square
Circular
Averages/Mean angle
Averages/Mean time of day
Median
Averages/Median
Mode
Averages/Mode
Standard deviation
Statistics/Basic
Cumulative standard deviation
| #Erlang | Erlang |
-module( standard_deviation ).
-export( [add_sample/2, create/0, destroy/1, get/1, task/0] ).
-compile({no_auto_import,[get/1]}).
add_sample( Pid, N ) -> Pid ! {add, N}.
create() -> erlang:spawn_link( fun() -> loop( [] ) end ).
destroy( Pid ) -> Pid ! stop.
get( Pid ) ->
Pid ! {get, erlang:self()},
receive
{get, Value, Pid} -> Value
end.
task() ->
Pid = create(),
[add_print(Pid, X, add_sample(Pid, X)) || X <- [2,4,4,4,5,5,7,9]],
destroy( Pid ).
add_print( Pid, N, _Add ) -> io:fwrite( "Standard deviation ~p when adding ~p~n", [get(Pid), N] ).
loop( Ns ) ->
receive
{add, N} -> loop( [N | Ns] );
{get, Pid} ->
Pid ! {get, loop_calculate( Ns ), erlang:self()},
loop( Ns );
stop -> ok
end.
loop_calculate( Ns ) ->
Average = loop_calculate_average( Ns ),
math:sqrt( loop_calculate_average([math:pow(X - Average, 2) || X <- Ns]) ).
loop_calculate_average( Ns ) -> lists:sum( Ns ) / erlang:length( Ns ).
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CRC-32 | CRC-32 |
Task
Demonstrate a method of deriving the Cyclic Redundancy Check from within the language.
The result should be in accordance with ISO 3309, ITU-T V.42, Gzip and PNG.
Algorithms are described on Computation of CRC in Wikipedia.
This variant of CRC-32 uses LSB-first order, sets the initial CRC to FFFFFFFF16, and complements the final CRC.
For the purpose of this task, generate a CRC-32 checksum for the ASCII encoded string:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
| #F.23 | F# |
module Crc32 =
open System
// Generator polynomial (modulo 2) for the reversed CRC32 algorithm.
let private s_generator = uint32 0xEDB88320
// Generate lookup table
let private lutIntermediate input =
if (input &&& uint32 1) <> uint32 0
then s_generator ^^^ (input >>> 1)
else input >>> 1
let private lutEntry input =
{0..7}
|> Seq.fold (fun acc x -> lutIntermediate acc) input
let private crc32lut =
[uint32 0 .. uint32 0xFF]
|> List.map lutEntry
let crc32byte (register : uint32) (byte : byte) =
crc32lut.[Convert.ToInt32((register &&& uint32 0xFF) ^^^ Convert.ToUInt32(byte))] ^^^ (register >>> 8)
// CRC32 of a byte array
let crc32 (input : byte[]) =
let result = Array.fold crc32byte (uint32 0xFFFFFFFF) input
~~~result
// CRC32 from ASCII string
let crc32OfAscii (inputAscii : string) =
let bytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(inputAscii)
crc32 bytes
// Test
let testString = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
printfn "ASCII Input: %s" testString
let result = crc32OfAscii testString
printfn "CRC32: 0x%x" result
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_the_coins | Count the coins | There are four types of common coins in US currency:
quarters (25 cents)
dimes (10 cents)
nickels (5 cents), and
pennies (1 cent)
There are six ways to make change for 15 cents:
A dime and a nickel
A dime and 5 pennies
3 nickels
2 nickels and 5 pennies
A nickel and 10 pennies
15 pennies
Task
How many ways are there to make change for a dollar using these common coins? (1 dollar = 100 cents).
Optional
Less common are dollar coins (100 cents); and very rare are half dollars (50 cents). With the addition of these two coins, how many ways are there to make change for $1000?
(Note: the answer is larger than 232).
References
an algorithm from the book Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs.
an article in the algorithmist.
Change-making problem on Wikipedia.
| #ALGOL_68 | ALGOL 68 |
#
Rosetta Code "Count the coins"
This is a direct translation of the "naive" Haskell version, using an array
rather than a list. LWB, UPB, and array slicing makes the mapping very simple:
LWB > UPB <=> []
LWB = UPB <=> [x]
a[LWB a] <=> head xs
a[LWB a + 1:] <=> tail xs
#
BEGIN
PROC ways to make change = ([] INT denoms, INT amount) INT :
BEGIN
IF amount = 0 THEN
1
ELIF LWB denoms > UPB denoms THEN
0
ELIF LWB denoms = UPB denoms THEN
(amount MOD denoms[LWB denoms] = 0 | 1 | 0)
ELSE
INT sum := 0;
FOR i FROM 0 BY denoms[LWB denoms] TO amount DO
sum +:= ways to make change(denoms[LWB denoms + 1:], amount - i)
OD;
sum
FI
END;
[] INT denoms = (25, 10, 5, 1);
print((ways to make change(denoms, 100), newline))
END
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_an_HTML_table | Create an HTML table | Create an HTML table.
The table body should have at least three rows of three columns.
Each of these three columns should be labelled "X", "Y", and "Z".
An extra column should be added at either the extreme left or the extreme right of the table that has no heading, but is filled with sequential row numbers.
The rows of the "X", "Y", and "Z" columns should be filled with random or sequential integers having 4 digits or less.
The numbers should be aligned in the same fashion for all columns.
| #Agena | Agena | notNumbered := 0; # possible values for html table row numbering
numberedLeft := 1; # " " " " " " "
numberedRight := 2; # " " " " " " "
alignCentre := 0; # possible values for html table column alignment
alignLeft := 1; # " " " " " " "
alignRight := 2; # " " " " " " "
# write an html table to a file
writeHtmlTable := proc( fh, t :: table ) is
local align := "align='";
case t.columnAlignment
of alignLeft then align := align & "left'"
of alignRight then align := align & "right'"
else align := align & "center'"
esac;
local put := proc( text :: string ) is io.write( fh, text & "\n" ) end;
local thElement := proc( content :: string ) is put( "<th " & align & ">" & content & "</th>" ) end;
local tdElement := proc( content ) is put( "<td " & align & ">" & content & "</td>" ) end;
# table element
put( "<table"
& " cellspacing='" & t.cellSpacing & "'"
& " colspacing='" & t.colSpacing & "'"
& " border='" & t.border & "'"
& ">"
);
# table headings
put( "<tr>" );
if t.rowNumbering = numberedLeft then thElement( "" ) fi;
for col to size t.headings do thElement( t.headings[ col ] ) od;
if t.rowNumbering = numberedRight then thElement( "" ) fi;
put( "</tr>" );
# table rows
for row to size t.data do
put( "<tr>" );
if t.rowNumbering = numberedLeft then thElement( row & "" ) fi;
for col to size t.data[ row ] do tdElement( t.data[ row, col ] ) od;
if t.rowNumbering = numberedRight then thElement( row & "" ) fi;
put( "</tr>" )
od;
# end of table
put( "</table>" )
end ;
# create an html table and print it to standard output
scope
local t := [];
t.cellSpacing, t.colSpacing := 0, 0;
t.border := 1;
t.columnAlignment := alignRight;
t.rowNumbering := numberedLeft;
t.headings := [ "A", "B", "C" ];
t.data := [ [ 1001, 1002, 1003 ], [ 21, 22, 23 ], [ 201, 202, 203 ] ];
writeHtmlTable( io.stdout, t )
epocs |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_format | Date format | This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task.
Task
Display the current date in the formats of:
2007-11-23 and
Friday, November 23, 2007
| #langur | langur | var .now = dt//
var .format1 = "2006-01-02"
var .format2 = "Monday, January 2, 2006"
writeln $"\.now:dt.format1;"
writeln $"\.now:dt.format2;" |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_format | Date format | This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task.
Task
Display the current date in the formats of:
2007-11-23 and
Friday, November 23, 2007
| #Lasso | Lasso |
date('11/10/2007')->format('%Q') // 2007-11-10
date('11/10/2007')->format('EEEE, MMMM d, YYYY') //Saturday, November 10, 2007
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cramer%27s_rule | Cramer's rule | linear algebra
Cramer's rule
system of linear equations
Given
{
a
1
x
+
b
1
y
+
c
1
z
=
d
1
a
2
x
+
b
2
y
+
c
2
z
=
d
2
a
3
x
+
b
3
y
+
c
3
z
=
d
3
{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}z&={\color {red}d_{1}}\\a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}z&={\color {red}d_{2}}\\a_{3}x+b_{3}y+c_{3}z&={\color {red}d_{3}}\end{matrix}}\right.}
which in matrix format is
[
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
]
[
x
y
z
]
=
[
d
1
d
2
d
3
]
.
{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}{\color {red}d_{1}}\\{\color {red}d_{2}}\\{\color {red}d_{3}}\end{bmatrix}}.}
Then the values of
x
,
y
{\displaystyle x,y}
and
z
{\displaystyle z}
can be found as follows:
x
=
|
d
1
b
1
c
1
d
2
b
2
c
2
d
3
b
3
c
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
,
y
=
|
a
1
d
1
c
1
a
2
d
2
c
2
a
3
d
3
c
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
,
and
z
=
|
a
1
b
1
d
1
a
2
b
2
d
2
a
3
b
3
d
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
.
{\displaystyle x={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}{\color {red}d_{1}}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\{\color {red}d_{2}}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\{\color {red}d_{3}}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}},\quad y={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&{\color {red}d_{1}}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&{\color {red}d_{2}}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&{\color {red}d_{3}}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}},{\text{ and }}z={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&{\color {red}d_{1}}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&{\color {red}d_{2}}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&{\color {red}d_{3}}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}}.}
Task
Given the following system of equations:
{
2
w
−
x
+
5
y
+
z
=
−
3
3
w
+
2
x
+
2
y
−
6
z
=
−
32
w
+
3
x
+
3
y
−
z
=
−
47
5
w
−
2
x
−
3
y
+
3
z
=
49
{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}2w-x+5y+z=-3\\3w+2x+2y-6z=-32\\w+3x+3y-z=-47\\5w-2x-3y+3z=49\\\end{cases}}}
solve for
w
{\displaystyle w}
,
x
{\displaystyle x}
,
y
{\displaystyle y}
and
z
{\displaystyle z}
, using Cramer's rule.
| #C.23 | C# | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class CramersRule
{
public static void Main() {
var equations = new [] {
new [] { 2, -1, 5, 1, -3 },
new [] { 3, 2, 2, -6, -32 },
new [] { 1, 3, 3, -1, -47 },
new [] { 5, -2, -3, 3, 49 }
};
var solution = SolveCramer(equations);
Console.WriteLine(solution.DelimitWith(", "));
}
public static int[] SolveCramer(int[][] equations) {
int size = equations.Length;
if (equations.Any(eq => eq.Length != size + 1)) throw new ArgumentException($"Each equation must have {size+1} terms.");
int[,] matrix = new int[size, size];
int[] column = new int[size];
for (int r = 0; r < size; r++) {
column[r] = equations[r][size];
for (int c = 0; c < size; c++) {
matrix[r, c] = equations[r][c];
}
}
return Solve(new SubMatrix(matrix, column));
}
private static int[] Solve(SubMatrix matrix) {
int det = matrix.Det();
if (det == 0) throw new ArgumentException("The determinant is zero.");
int[] answer = new int[matrix.Size];
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.Size; i++) {
matrix.ColumnIndex = i;
answer[i] = matrix.Det() / det;
}
return answer;
}
//Extension method from library.
static string DelimitWith<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, string separator = " ") =>
string.Join(separator ?? " ", source ?? Empty<T>());
private class SubMatrix
{
private int[,] source;
private SubMatrix prev;
private int[] replaceColumn;
public SubMatrix(int[,] source, int[] replaceColumn) {
this.source = source;
this.replaceColumn = replaceColumn;
this.prev = null;
this.ColumnIndex = -1;
Size = replaceColumn.Length;
}
private SubMatrix(SubMatrix prev, int deletedColumnIndex = -1) {
this.source = null;
this.prev = prev;
this.ColumnIndex = deletedColumnIndex;
Size = prev.Size - 1;
}
public int ColumnIndex { get; set; }
public int Size { get; }
public int this[int row, int column] {
get {
if (source != null) return column == ColumnIndex ? replaceColumn[row] : source[row, column];
return prev[row + 1, column < ColumnIndex ? column : column + 1];
}
}
public int Det() {
if (Size == 1) return this[0, 0];
if (Size == 2) return this[0, 0] * this[1, 1] - this[0, 1] * this[1, 0];
SubMatrix m = new SubMatrix(this);
int det = 0;
int sign = 1;
for (int c = 0; c < Size; c++) {
m.ColumnIndex = c;
int d = m.Det();
det += this[0, c] * d * sign;
sign = -sign;
}
return det;
}
public void Print() {
for (int r = 0; r < Size; r++) {
Console.WriteLine(Range(0, Size).Select(c => this[r, c]).DelimitWith(", "));
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_file | Create a file | In this task, the job is to create a new empty file called "output.txt" of size 0 bytes
and an empty directory called "docs". This should be done twice: once "here", i.e. in the current working directory and once in the filesystem root.
| #Arturo | Arturo | output: "output.txt"
docs: "docs"
write output ""
write.directory docs ø
write join.path ["/" output] ""
write.directory join.path ["/" docs] ø |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_file | Create a file | In this task, the job is to create a new empty file called "output.txt" of size 0 bytes
and an empty directory called "docs". This should be done twice: once "here", i.e. in the current working directory and once in the filesystem root.
| #AutoHotkey | AutoHotkey | FileAppend,,output.txt
FileCreateDir, docs
FileAppend,,c:\output.txt
FileCreateDir, c:\docs |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_to_HTML_translation | CSV to HTML translation | Consider a simplified CSV format where all rows are separated by a newline
and all columns are separated by commas.
No commas are allowed as field data, but the data may contain
other characters and character sequences that would
normally be escaped when converted to HTML
Task
Create a function that takes a string representation of the CSV data
and returns a text string of an HTML table representing the CSV data.
Use the following data as the CSV text to convert, and show your output.
Character,Speech
The multitude,The messiah! Show us the messiah!
Brians mother,<angry>Now you listen here! He's not the messiah; he's a very naughty boy! Now go away!</angry>
The multitude,Who are you?
Brians mother,I'm his mother; that's who!
The multitude,Behold his mother! Behold his mother!
Extra credit
Optionally allow special formatting for the first row of the table as if it is the tables header row
(via <thead> preferably; CSS if you must).
| #Befunge | Befunge | <v_>#!,#:< "<table>" \0 +55
v >0>::65*1+`\"~"`!*#v_4-5v >
v>#^~^<v"<tr><td>" < \v-1/<>">elb"
<^ >:#,_$10 |!:<>\#v_ vv"ta"
v-",":\-"&":\-"<":\<>5#05#<v+ >"/"v
>#v_$$$0">dt<>dt/<"vv"tr>"+<5 v"<"<
>^>\#v_$$0";pma&" v>"/<>d"v5 v , <
$ > \#v_$0";tl&"v v"</t"<0 > : |
^_>#!,#:<>#<0#<\#<<< >:#,_$#^_v@ $< |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_data_manipulation | CSV data manipulation | CSV spreadsheet files are suitable for storing tabular data in a relatively portable way.
The CSV format is flexible but somewhat ill-defined.
For present purposes, authors may assume that the data fields contain no commas, backslashes, or quotation marks.
Task
Read a CSV file, change some values and save the changes back to a file.
For this task we will use the following CSV file:
C1,C2,C3,C4,C5
1,5,9,13,17
2,6,10,14,18
3,7,11,15,19
4,8,12,16,20
Suggestions
Show how to add a column, headed 'SUM', of the sums of the rows.
If possible, illustrate the use of built-in or standard functions, methods, or libraries, that handle generic CSV files.
| #Fortran | Fortran | program rowsum
implicit none
character(:), allocatable :: line, name, a(:)
character(20) :: fmt
double precision, allocatable :: v(:)
integer :: n, nrow, ncol, i
call get_command_argument(1, length=n)
allocate(character(n) :: name)
call get_command_argument(1, name)
open(unit=10, file=name, action="read", form="formatted", access="stream")
deallocate(name)
call get_command_argument(2, length=n)
allocate(character(n) :: name)
call get_command_argument(2, name)
open(unit=11, file=name, action="write", form="formatted", access="stream")
deallocate(name)
nrow = 0
ncol = 0
do while (readline(10, line))
nrow = nrow + 1
call split(line, a)
if (nrow == 1) then
ncol = size(a)
write(11, "(A)", advance="no") line
write(11, "(A)") ",Sum"
allocate(v(ncol + 1))
write(fmt, "('(',G0,'(G0,:,''',A,'''))')") ncol + 1, ","
else
if (size(a) /= ncol) then
print "(A,' ',G0)", "Invalid number of values on row", nrow
stop
end if
do i = 1, ncol
read(a(i), *) v(i)
end do
v(ncol + 1) = sum(v(1:ncol))
write(11, fmt) v
end if
end do
close(10)
close(11)
contains
function readline(unit, line)
use iso_fortran_env
logical :: readline
integer :: unit, ios, n
character(:), allocatable :: line
character(10) :: buffer
line = ""
readline = .false.
do
read(unit, "(A)", advance="no", size=n, iostat=ios) buffer
if (ios == iostat_end) return
readline = .true.
line = line // buffer(1:n)
if (ios == iostat_eor) return
end do
end function
subroutine split(line, array, separator)
character(*) line
character(:), allocatable :: array(:)
character, optional :: separator
character :: sep
integer :: n, m, p, i, k
if (present(separator)) then
sep = separator
else
sep = ","
end if
n = len(line)
m = 0
p = 1
k = 1
do i = 1, n
if (line(i:i) == sep) then
p = p + 1
m = max(m, i - k)
k = i + 1
end if
end do
m = max(m, n - k + 1)
if (allocated(array)) deallocate(array)
allocate(character(m) :: array(p))
p = 1
k = 1
do i = 1, n
if (line(i:i) == sep) then
array(p) = line(k:i-1)
p = p + 1
k = i + 1
end if
end do
array(p) = line(k:n)
end subroutine
end program |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Damm_algorithm | Damm algorithm | The Damm algorithm is a checksum algorithm which detects all single digit errors and adjacent transposition errors.
The algorithm is named after H. Michael Damm.
Task
Verify the checksum, stored as last digit of an input.
| #PicoLisp | PicoLisp | (setq *D
(quote
(0 3 1 7 5 9 8 6 4 2)
(7 0 9 2 1 5 4 8 6 3)
(4 2 0 6 8 7 1 3 5 9)
(1 7 5 0 9 8 3 4 2 6)
(6 1 2 3 0 4 5 9 7 8)
(3 6 7 4 2 0 9 5 8 1)
(5 8 6 9 7 2 0 1 3 4)
(8 9 4 5 3 6 2 0 1 7)
(9 4 3 8 6 1 7 2 0 5)
(2 5 8 1 4 3 6 7 9 0) ) )
(de damm? (N)
(let R 1
(for N (mapcar format (chop N))
(setq R (inc (get *D R (inc N)))) )
(= 1 R) ) )
(println (damm? 5724))
(println (damm? 5727))
(println (damm? 112946))
(println (damm? 112940)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Damm_algorithm | Damm algorithm | The Damm algorithm is a checksum algorithm which detects all single digit errors and adjacent transposition errors.
The algorithm is named after H. Michael Damm.
Task
Verify the checksum, stored as last digit of an input.
| #PL.2FM | PL/M | 100H:
/* DAMM CHECKSUM FOR DECIMAL NUMBER IN GIVEN STRING */
CHECK$DAMM: PROCEDURE (PTR) BYTE;
DECLARE PTR ADDRESS, CH BASED PTR BYTE;
DECLARE DAMM DATA
( 0,3,1,7,5,9,8,6,4,2,
7,0,9,2,1,5,4,8,6,3,
4,2,0,6,8,7,1,3,5,9,
1,7,5,0,9,8,3,4,2,6,
6,1,2,3,0,4,5,9,7,8,
3,6,7,4,2,0,9,5,8,1,
5,8,6,9,7,2,0,1,3,4,
8,9,4,5,3,6,2,0,1,7,
9,4,3,8,6,1,7,2,0,5,
2,5,8,1,4,3,6,7,9,0 );
DECLARE I BYTE;
I = 0;
DO WHILE CH <> '$';
I = DAMM((I*10) + (CH-'0'));
PTR = PTR + 1;
END;
RETURN I = 0;
END CHECK$DAMM;
/* CP/M BDOS CALLS */
BDOS: PROCEDURE (FN, ARG);
DECLARE FN BYTE, ARG ADDRESS;
GO TO 5;
END BDOS;
PRINT: PROCEDURE (STR);
DECLARE STR ADDRESS;
CALL BDOS(9, STR);
END PRINT;
/* TESTS */
DECLARE TEST (4) ADDRESS;
TEST(0) = .'5724$';
TEST(1) = .'5727$';
TEST(2) = .'112946$';
TEST(3) = .'112949$';
DECLARE N BYTE;
DO N = 0 TO LAST(TEST);
CALL PRINT(TEST(N));
CALL PRINT(.': $');
IF CHECK$DAMM(TEST(N)) THEN
CALL PRINT(.'PASS$');
ELSE
CALL PRINT(.'FAIL$');
CALL PRINT(.(13,10,'$'));
END;
CALL BDOS(0,0);
EOF |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cuban_primes | Cuban primes | The name cuban has nothing to do with Cuba (the country), but has to do with the
fact that cubes (3rd powers) play a role in its definition.
Some definitions of cuban primes
primes which are the difference of two consecutive cubes.
primes of the form: (n+1)3 - n3.
primes of the form: n3 - (n-1)3.
primes p such that n2(p+n) is a cube for some n>0.
primes p such that 4p = 1 + 3n2.
Cuban primes were named in 1923 by Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham.
Task requirements
show the first 200 cuban primes (in a multi─line horizontal format).
show the 100,000th cuban prime.
show all cuban primes with commas (if appropriate).
show all output here.
Note that cuban prime isn't capitalized (as it doesn't refer to the nation of Cuba).
Also see
Wikipedia entry: cuban prime.
MathWorld entry: cuban prime.
The OEIS entry: A002407. The 100,000th cuban prime can be verified in the 2nd example on this OEIS web page.
| #Maple | Maple | CubanPrimes := proc(n) local i, cp;
cp := Array([]);
for i by 2 while numelems(cp) < n do
if isprime(3/4*i^2 + 1/4) then
ArrayTools:-Append(cp, 3/4*i^2 + 1/4);
end if;
end do;
return cp;
end proc; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cuban_primes | Cuban primes | The name cuban has nothing to do with Cuba (the country), but has to do with the
fact that cubes (3rd powers) play a role in its definition.
Some definitions of cuban primes
primes which are the difference of two consecutive cubes.
primes of the form: (n+1)3 - n3.
primes of the form: n3 - (n-1)3.
primes p such that n2(p+n) is a cube for some n>0.
primes p such that 4p = 1 + 3n2.
Cuban primes were named in 1923 by Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham.
Task requirements
show the first 200 cuban primes (in a multi─line horizontal format).
show the 100,000th cuban prime.
show all cuban primes with commas (if appropriate).
show all output here.
Note that cuban prime isn't capitalized (as it doesn't refer to the nation of Cuba).
Also see
Wikipedia entry: cuban prime.
MathWorld entry: cuban prime.
The OEIS entry: A002407. The 100,000th cuban prime can be verified in the 2nd example on this OEIS web page.
| #Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language | Mathematica/Wolfram Language | cubans[m_Integer] := Block[{n = 1, result = {}, candidate},
While[Length[result] < m,
n++;
candidate = n^3 - (n - 1)^3;
If[PrimeQ[candidate], AppendTo[result, candidate]]];
result]
cubans[200]
NumberForm[Last[cubans[100000]], NumberSeparator -> ",", DigitBlock -> 3] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currying | Currying |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Currying. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Create a simple demonstrative example of Currying in a specific language.
Add any historic details as to how the feature made its way into the language.
| #Ruby | Ruby |
b = proc {|x, y, z| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) }
p b.curry[1][2][3] #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4] #=> 6
p b.curry(5)[1][2][3][4][5] #=> 6
p b.curry(5)[1, 2][3, 4][5] #=> 6
p b.curry(1)[1] #=> 1
b = proc {|x, y, z, *w| (x||0) + (y||0) + (z||0) + w.inject(0, &:+) }
p b.curry[1][2][3] #=> 6
p b.curry[1, 2][3, 4] #=> 10
p b.curry(5)[1][2][3][4][5] #=> 15
p b.curry(5)[1, 2][3, 4][5] #=> 15
p b.curry(1)[1] #=> 1
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_manipulation | Date manipulation | Task
Given the date string "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST",
output the time 12 hours later in any human-readable format.
As extra credit, display the resulting time in a time zone different from your own.
| #Run_BASIC | Run BASIC | theDate$ = "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST"
monthName$ = "January February March April May June July August September October November December"
for i = 1 to 12
if word$(theDate$,1) = word$(monthName$,i) then monthNum = i ' turn month name to number
next i
d = val(date$(monthNum;"/";word$(theDate$,2);"/";word$(theDate$,3))) ' days since Jan 1 1901
t$ = word$(theDate$,4) ' get time from theDate$
t1$ = word$(t$,1,"pm") ' strip pm
t2$ = word$(t1$,1,":") + "." + word$(t1$,2,":") ' replace : with .
t = val(t2$)
if right$(t$,2) = "pm" then t = t + 12
ap$ = "pm"
if t + 12 > 24 then
d = d + 1 ' if over 24 hours add 1 to days since 1/1/1901
ap$ = "am"
end if
print date$(d);" ";t1$;ap$ |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_manipulation | Date manipulation | Task
Given the date string "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST",
output the time 12 hours later in any human-readable format.
As extra credit, display the resulting time in a time zone different from your own.
| #Rust | Rust |
use chrono::prelude::*;
use chrono::Duration;
fn main() {
// Chrono allows parsing time zone abbreviations like "EST", but
// their meaning is ignored due to a lack of standardization.
//
// This solution compromises by augmenting the parsed datetime
// with the timezone using the IANA abbreviation.
let ndt =
NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str("March 7 2009 7:30pm EST", "%B %e %Y %l:%M%P %Z").unwrap();
// add TZ manually
let dt = chrono_tz::EST.from_local_datetime(&ndt).unwrap();
println!("Date parsed: {:?}", dt);
let new_date = dt + Duration::hours(12);
println!("+12 hrs in EST: {:?}", new_date);
println!(
"+12 hrs in CET: {:?}",
new_date.with_timezone(&chrono_tz::CET)
);
}
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Day_of_the_week | Day of the week | A company decides that whenever Xmas falls on a Sunday they will give their workers all extra paid holidays so that, together with any public holidays, workers will not have to work the following week (between the 25th of December and the first of January).
Task
In what years between 2008 and 2121 will the 25th of December be a Sunday?
Using any standard date handling libraries of your programming language;
compare the dates calculated with the output of other languages to discover any anomalies in the handling of dates which may be due to, for example, overflow in types used to represent dates/times similar to y2k type problems.
| #MATLAB_.2F_Octave | MATLAB / Octave | t = datenum([[2008:2121]',repmat([12,25,0,0,0], 2121-2007, 1)]);
t = t(strmatch('Sunday', datestr(t,'dddd')), :);
datestr(t,'yyyy')
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CUSIP | CUSIP |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at CUSIP. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
A CUSIP is a nine-character alphanumeric code that identifies a North American financial security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades. The CUSIP was adopted as an American National Standard under Accredited Standards X9.6.
Task
Ensure the last digit (i.e., the check digit) of the CUSIP code (the 1st column) is correct, against the following:
037833100 Apple Incorporated
17275R102 Cisco Systems
38259P508 Google Incorporated
594918104 Microsoft Corporation
68389X106 Oracle Corporation (incorrect)
68389X105 Oracle Corporation
Example pseudo-code below.
algorithm Cusip-Check-Digit(cusip) is
Input: an 8-character CUSIP
sum := 0
for 1 ≤ i ≤ 8 do
c := the ith character of cusip
if c is a digit then
v := numeric value of the digit c
else if c is a letter then
p := ordinal position of c in the alphabet (A=1, B=2...)
v := p + 9
else if c = "*" then
v := 36
else if c = "@" then
v := 37
else if' c = "#" then
v := 38
end if
if i is even then
v := v × 2
end if
sum := sum + int ( v div 10 ) + v mod 10
repeat
return (10 - (sum mod 10)) mod 10
end function
See related tasks
SEDOL
ISIN
| #Ring | Ring |
# Project : CUSIP
inputstr = list(6)
inputstr[1] = "037833100"
inputstr[2] = "17275R102"
inputstr[3] = "38259P508"
inputstr[4] = "594918104"
inputstr[5] = "68389X106"
inputstr[6] = "68389X105"
for n = 1 to len(inputstr)
cusip(inputstr[n])
next
func cusip(inputstr)
if len(inputstr) != 9
see " length is incorrect, invalid cusip"
return
ok
v = 0
sum = 0
for i = 1 to 8
flag = 0
x = ascii(inputstr[i])
if x >= ascii("0") and x <= ascii("9")
v = x - ascii("0")
flag = 1
ok
if x >= ascii("A") and x <= ascii("Z")
v = x - 55
flag = 1
ok
if x = ascii("*")
v= 36
flag = 1
ok
if x = ascii("@")
v = 37
flag = 1
ok
if x = ascii("#")
v = 38
flag = 1
ok
if flag = 0
see " found a invalid character, invalid cusip" + nl
ok
if (i % 2) = 0
v = v * 2
ok
sum = sum + floor(v / 10) + v % 10
next
sum = (10 - (sum % 10)) % 10
if sum = (ascii(inputstr[9]) - ascii("0"))
see inputstr + " is valid" + nl
else
see inputstr + " is invalid" + nl
ok
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CUSIP | CUSIP |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at CUSIP. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
A CUSIP is a nine-character alphanumeric code that identifies a North American financial security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades. The CUSIP was adopted as an American National Standard under Accredited Standards X9.6.
Task
Ensure the last digit (i.e., the check digit) of the CUSIP code (the 1st column) is correct, against the following:
037833100 Apple Incorporated
17275R102 Cisco Systems
38259P508 Google Incorporated
594918104 Microsoft Corporation
68389X106 Oracle Corporation (incorrect)
68389X105 Oracle Corporation
Example pseudo-code below.
algorithm Cusip-Check-Digit(cusip) is
Input: an 8-character CUSIP
sum := 0
for 1 ≤ i ≤ 8 do
c := the ith character of cusip
if c is a digit then
v := numeric value of the digit c
else if c is a letter then
p := ordinal position of c in the alphabet (A=1, B=2...)
v := p + 9
else if c = "*" then
v := 36
else if c = "@" then
v := 37
else if' c = "#" then
v := 38
end if
if i is even then
v := v × 2
end if
sum := sum + int ( v div 10 ) + v mod 10
repeat
return (10 - (sum mod 10)) mod 10
end function
See related tasks
SEDOL
ISIN
| #Ruby | Ruby |
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
def check_cusip(cusip)
abort('CUSIP must be 9 characters') if cusip.size != 9
sum = 0
cusip.split('').each_with_index do |char, i|
next if i == cusip.size - 1
case
when char.scan(/\D/).empty?
v = char.to_i
when char.scan(/\D/).any?
pos = char.upcase.ord - 'A'.ord + 1
v = pos + 9
when char == '*'
v = 36
when char == '@'
v = 37
when char == '#'
v = 38
end
v *= 2 unless (i % 2).zero?
sum += (v/10).to_i + (v % 10)
end
check = (10 - (sum % 10)) % 10
return 'VALID' if check.to_s == cusip.split('').last
'INVALID'
end
CUSIPs = %w[
037833100 17275R102 38259P508 594918104 68389X106 68389X105
]
CUSIPs.each do |cusip|
puts "#{cusip}: #{check_cusip(cusip)}"
end
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_two-dimensional_array_at_runtime | Create a two-dimensional array at runtime |
Data Structure
This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program.
You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category.
Get two integers from the user, then create a two-dimensional array where the two dimensions have the sizes given by those numbers, and which can be accessed in the most natural way possible. Write some element of that array, and then output that element. Finally destroy the array if not done by the language itself.
| #C.23 | C# |
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter two integers. Space delimited please: ");
string s = Console.ReadLine();
int[,] myArray=new int[(int)s[0],(int)s[2]];
myArray[0, 0] = 2;
Console.WriteLine(myArray[0, 0]);
Console.ReadLine();
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cumulative_standard_deviation | Cumulative standard deviation | Task[edit]
Write a stateful function, class, generator or co-routine that takes a series of floating point numbers, one at a time, and returns the running standard deviation of the series.
The task implementation should use the most natural programming style of those listed for the function in the implementation language; the task must state which is being used.
Do not apply Bessel's correction; the returned standard deviation should always be computed as if the sample seen so far is the entire population.
Test case
Use this to compute the standard deviation of this demonstration set,
{
2
,
4
,
4
,
4
,
5
,
5
,
7
,
9
}
{\displaystyle \{2,4,4,4,5,5,7,9\}}
, which is
2
{\displaystyle 2}
.
Related tasks
Random numbers
Tasks for calculating statistical measures
in one go
moving (sliding window)
moving (cumulative)
Mean
Arithmetic
Statistics/Basic
Averages/Arithmetic mean
Averages/Pythagorean means
Averages/Simple moving average
Geometric
Averages/Pythagorean means
Harmonic
Averages/Pythagorean means
Quadratic
Averages/Root mean square
Circular
Averages/Mean angle
Averages/Mean time of day
Median
Averages/Median
Mode
Averages/Mode
Standard deviation
Statistics/Basic
Cumulative standard deviation
| #Factor | Factor | USING: accessors io kernel math math.functions math.parser
sequences ;
IN: standard-deviator
TUPLE: standard-deviator sum sum^2 n ;
: <standard-deviator> ( -- standard-deviator )
0.0 0.0 0 standard-deviator boa ;
: current-std ( standard-deviator -- std )
[ [ sum^2>> ] [ n>> ] bi / ]
[ [ sum>> ] [ n>> ] bi / sq ] bi - sqrt ;
: add-value ( value standard-deviator -- )
[ nip [ 1 + ] change-n drop ]
[ [ + ] change-sum drop ]
[ [ [ sq ] dip + ] change-sum^2 drop ] 2tri ;
: main ( -- )
{ 2 4 4 4 5 5 7 9 }
<standard-deviator> [ [ add-value ] curry each ] keep
current-std number>string print ; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CRC-32 | CRC-32 |
Task
Demonstrate a method of deriving the Cyclic Redundancy Check from within the language.
The result should be in accordance with ISO 3309, ITU-T V.42, Gzip and PNG.
Algorithms are described on Computation of CRC in Wikipedia.
This variant of CRC-32 uses LSB-first order, sets the initial CRC to FFFFFFFF16, and complements the final CRC.
For the purpose of this task, generate a CRC-32 checksum for the ASCII encoded string:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
| #Factor | Factor | IN: scratchpad USING: checksums checksums.crc32 ;
IN: scratchpad "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" crc32
checksum-bytes hex-string .
"414fa339"
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CRC-32 | CRC-32 |
Task
Demonstrate a method of deriving the Cyclic Redundancy Check from within the language.
The result should be in accordance with ISO 3309, ITU-T V.42, Gzip and PNG.
Algorithms are described on Computation of CRC in Wikipedia.
This variant of CRC-32 uses LSB-first order, sets the initial CRC to FFFFFFFF16, and complements the final CRC.
For the purpose of this task, generate a CRC-32 checksum for the ASCII encoded string:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
| #FBSL | FBSL | #APPTYPE CONSOLE
PRINT HEX(CHECKSUM("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"))
PAUSE |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_the_coins | Count the coins | There are four types of common coins in US currency:
quarters (25 cents)
dimes (10 cents)
nickels (5 cents), and
pennies (1 cent)
There are six ways to make change for 15 cents:
A dime and a nickel
A dime and 5 pennies
3 nickels
2 nickels and 5 pennies
A nickel and 10 pennies
15 pennies
Task
How many ways are there to make change for a dollar using these common coins? (1 dollar = 100 cents).
Optional
Less common are dollar coins (100 cents); and very rare are half dollars (50 cents). With the addition of these two coins, how many ways are there to make change for $1000?
(Note: the answer is larger than 232).
References
an algorithm from the book Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs.
an article in the algorithmist.
Change-making problem on Wikipedia.
| #AppleScript | AppleScript | -- All input values must be integers and multiples of the same monetary unit.
on countCoins(amount, denominations)
-- Potentially long list of counters, initialised with 1 (result for amount 0) and 'amount' zeros.
script o
property counters : {1}
end script
repeat amount times
set end of o's counters to 0
end repeat
-- Less labour-intensive alternative to the following repeat's c = 1 iteration.
set coinValue to beginning of denominations
repeat with n from (coinValue + 1) to (amount + 1) by coinValue
set item n of o's counters to 1
end repeat
repeat with c from 2 to (count denominations)
set coinValue to item c of denominations
repeat with n from (coinValue + 1) to (amount + 1)
set item n of o's counters to (item n of o's counters) + (item (n - coinValue) of o's counters)
end repeat
end repeat
return end of o's counters
end countCoins
-- Task calls:
set c1 to countCoins(100, {25, 10, 5, 1})
set c2 to countCoins(1000 * 100, {100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 1})
return {c1, c2} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_occurrences_of_a_substring | Count occurrences of a substring | Task
Create a function, or show a built-in function, to count the number of non-overlapping occurrences of a substring inside a string.
The function should take two arguments:
the first argument being the string to search, and
the second a substring to be searched for.
It should return an integer count.
print countSubstring("the three truths","th")
3
// do not count substrings that overlap with previously-counted substrings:
print countSubstring("ababababab","abab")
2
The matching should yield the highest number of non-overlapping matches.
In general, this essentially means matching from left-to-right or right-to-left (see proof on talk page).
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #11l | 11l | print(‘the three truths’.count(‘th’))
print(‘ababababab’.count(‘abab’)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_in_octal | Count in octal | Task
Produce a sequential count in octal, starting at zero, and using an increment of a one for each consecutive number.
Each number should appear on a single line, and the program should count until terminated, or until the maximum value of the numeric type in use is reached.
Related task
Integer sequence is a similar task without the use of octal numbers.
| #0815 | 0815 | }:l:> Start loop, enqueue Z (initially 0).
}:o: Treat the queue as a stack and
<:8:= accumulate the octal digits
/=>&~ of the current number.
^:o:
<:0:- Get a sentinel negative 1.
&>@ Enqueue it between the digits and the current number.
{ Dequeue the first octal digit.
}:p:
~%={+ Rotate each octal digit into place and print it.
^:p:
<:a:~$ Output a newline.
<:1:x{+ Dequeue the current number and increment it.
^:l: |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_an_HTML_table | Create an HTML table | Create an HTML table.
The table body should have at least three rows of three columns.
Each of these three columns should be labelled "X", "Y", and "Z".
An extra column should be added at either the extreme left or the extreme right of the table that has no heading, but is filled with sequential row numbers.
The rows of the "X", "Y", and "Z" columns should be filled with random or sequential integers having 4 digits or less.
The numbers should be aligned in the same fashion for all columns.
| #ALGOL_68 | ALGOL 68 | INT not numbered = 0; # possible values for HTMLTABLE row numbering #
INT numbered left = 1; # " " " " " " #
INT numbered right = 2; # " " " " " " #
INT align centre = 0; # possible values for HTMLTABLE column alignment #
INT align left = 1; # " " " " " " #
INT align right = 2; # " " " " " " #
# allowable content for the HTML table - extend the UNION and TOSTRING #
# operator to add additional modes #
MODE HTMLTABLEDATA = UNION( INT, REAL, STRING );
OP TOSTRING = ( HTMLTABLEDATA content )STRING:
CASE content
IN ( INT i ): whole( i, 0 )
, ( REAL r ): fixed( r, 0, 0 )
, ( STRING s ): s
OUT "Unsupported HTMLTABLEDATA content"
ESAC;
# MODE to hold an html table #
MODE HTMLTABLE = STRUCT( FLEX[ 0 ]STRING headings
, FLEX[ 0, 0 ]HTMLTABLEDATA data
, INT row numbering
, INT column alignment
, INT cell spacing
, INT col spacing
, INT border
);
# write an html table to a file #
PROC write html table = ( REF FILE f, HTMLTABLE t )VOID:
BEGIN
STRING align = "align="""
+ CASE column alignment OF t IN "left", "right" OUT "center" ESAC
+ """";
PROC th element = ( REF FILE f, HTMLTABLE t, STRING content )VOID:
put( f, ( "<th " + align + ">" + content + "</th>", newline ) );
PROC td element = ( REF FILE f, HTMLTABLE t, HTMLTABLEDATA content )VOID:
put( f, ( "<td " + align + ">" + TOSTRING content + "</td>", newline ) );
# table element #
put( f, ( "<table"
+ " cellspacing=""" + whole( cell spacing OF t, 0 ) + """"
+ " colspacing=""" + whole( col spacing OF t, 0 ) + """"
+ " border=""" + whole( border OF t, 0 ) + """"
+ ">"
, newline
)
);
# table headings #
put( f, ( "<tr>", newline ) );
IF row numbering OF t = numbered left THEN th element( f, t, "" ) FI;
FOR col FROM LWB headings OF t TO UPB headings OF t DO
th element( f, t, ( headings OF t )[ col ] )
OD;
IF row numbering OF t = numbered right THEN th element( f, t, "" ) FI;
put( f, ( "</tr>", newline ) );
# table rows #
FOR row FROM 1 LWB data OF t TO 1 UPB data OF t DO
put( f, ( "<tr>", newline ) );
IF row numbering OF t = numbered left THEN th element( f, t, whole( row, 0 ) ) FI;
FOR col FROM 2 LWB data OF t TO 2 UPB data OF t DO
td element( f, t, ( data OF t )[ row, col ] )
OD;
IF row numbering OF t = numbered right THEN th element( f, t, whole( row, 0 ) ) FI;
put( f, ( "</tr>", newline ) )
OD;
# end of table #
put( f, ( "</table>", newline ) )
END # write html table # ;
# create an HTMLTABLE and print it to standard output #
HTMLTABLE t;
cell spacing OF t := col spacing OF t := 0;
border OF t := 1;
column alignment OF t := align right;
row numbering OF t := numbered left;
headings OF t := ( "A", "B", "C" );
data OF t := ( ( 1001, 1002, 1003 ), ( 21, 22, 23 ), ( 201, 202, 203 ) );
write html table( stand out, t ) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_format | Date format | This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task.
Task
Display the current date in the formats of:
2007-11-23 and
Friday, November 23, 2007
| #Liberty_BASIC | Liberty BASIC | 'Display the current date in the formats of "2007-11-10"
d$=date$("yyyy/mm/dd")
print word$(d$,1,"/")+"-"+word$(d$,2,"/")+"-"+word$(d$,3,"/")
'and "Sunday, November 10, 2007".
day$(0)="Tuesday"
day$(1)="Wednesday"
day$(2)="Thursday"
day$(3)="Friday"
day$(4)="Saturday"
day$(5)="Sunday"
day$(6)="Monday"
theDay = date$("days") mod 7
print day$(theDay);", ";date$()
' month in full
year=val(word$(d$,1,"/"))
month=val(word$(d$,2,"/"))
day=val(word$(d$,3,"/"))
weekDay$="Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday"
monthLong$="January February March April May June July August September October November December"
print word$(weekDay$,theDay+1);", ";word$(monthLong$,month);" ";day;", ";year |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cramer%27s_rule | Cramer's rule | linear algebra
Cramer's rule
system of linear equations
Given
{
a
1
x
+
b
1
y
+
c
1
z
=
d
1
a
2
x
+
b
2
y
+
c
2
z
=
d
2
a
3
x
+
b
3
y
+
c
3
z
=
d
3
{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}z&={\color {red}d_{1}}\\a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}z&={\color {red}d_{2}}\\a_{3}x+b_{3}y+c_{3}z&={\color {red}d_{3}}\end{matrix}}\right.}
which in matrix format is
[
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
]
[
x
y
z
]
=
[
d
1
d
2
d
3
]
.
{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}{\color {red}d_{1}}\\{\color {red}d_{2}}\\{\color {red}d_{3}}\end{bmatrix}}.}
Then the values of
x
,
y
{\displaystyle x,y}
and
z
{\displaystyle z}
can be found as follows:
x
=
|
d
1
b
1
c
1
d
2
b
2
c
2
d
3
b
3
c
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
,
y
=
|
a
1
d
1
c
1
a
2
d
2
c
2
a
3
d
3
c
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
,
and
z
=
|
a
1
b
1
d
1
a
2
b
2
d
2
a
3
b
3
d
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
.
{\displaystyle x={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}{\color {red}d_{1}}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\{\color {red}d_{2}}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\{\color {red}d_{3}}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}},\quad y={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&{\color {red}d_{1}}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&{\color {red}d_{2}}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&{\color {red}d_{3}}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}},{\text{ and }}z={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&{\color {red}d_{1}}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&{\color {red}d_{2}}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&{\color {red}d_{3}}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}}.}
Task
Given the following system of equations:
{
2
w
−
x
+
5
y
+
z
=
−
3
3
w
+
2
x
+
2
y
−
6
z
=
−
32
w
+
3
x
+
3
y
−
z
=
−
47
5
w
−
2
x
−
3
y
+
3
z
=
49
{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}2w-x+5y+z=-3\\3w+2x+2y-6z=-32\\w+3x+3y-z=-47\\5w-2x-3y+3z=49\\\end{cases}}}
solve for
w
{\displaystyle w}
,
x
{\displaystyle x}
,
y
{\displaystyle y}
and
z
{\displaystyle z}
, using Cramer's rule.
| #C.2B.2B | C++ | #include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class SubMatrix {
const std::vector<std::vector<double>> *source;
std::vector<double> replaceColumn;
const SubMatrix *prev;
size_t sz;
int colIndex = -1;
public:
SubMatrix(const std::vector<std::vector<double>> &src, const std::vector<double> &rc) : source(&src), replaceColumn(rc), prev(nullptr), colIndex(-1) {
sz = replaceColumn.size();
}
SubMatrix(const SubMatrix &p) : source(nullptr), prev(&p), colIndex(-1) {
sz = p.size() - 1;
}
SubMatrix(const SubMatrix &p, int deletedColumnIndex) : source(nullptr), prev(&p), colIndex(deletedColumnIndex) {
sz = p.size() - 1;
}
int columnIndex() const {
return colIndex;
}
void columnIndex(int index) {
colIndex = index;
}
size_t size() const {
return sz;
}
double index(int row, int col) const {
if (source != nullptr) {
if (col == colIndex) {
return replaceColumn[row];
} else {
return (*source)[row][col];
}
} else {
if (col < colIndex) {
return prev->index(row + 1, col);
} else {
return prev->index(row + 1, col + 1);
}
}
}
double det() const {
if (sz == 1) {
return index(0, 0);
}
if (sz == 2) {
return index(0, 0) * index(1, 1) - index(0, 1) * index(1, 0);
}
SubMatrix m(*this);
double det = 0.0;
int sign = 1;
for (size_t c = 0; c < sz; ++c) {
m.columnIndex(c);
double d = m.det();
det += index(0, c) * d * sign;
sign = -sign;
}
return det;
}
};
std::vector<double> solve(SubMatrix &matrix) {
double det = matrix.det();
if (det == 0.0) {
throw std::runtime_error("The determinant is zero.");
}
std::vector<double> answer(matrix.size());
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.size(); ++i) {
matrix.columnIndex(i);
answer[i] = matrix.det() / det;
}
return answer;
}
std::vector<double> solveCramer(const std::vector<std::vector<double>> &equations) {
int size = equations.size();
if (std::any_of(
equations.cbegin(), equations.cend(),
[size](const std::vector<double> &a) { return a.size() != size + 1; }
)) {
throw std::runtime_error("Each equation must have the expected size.");
}
std::vector<std::vector<double>> matrix(size);
std::vector<double> column(size);
for (int r = 0; r < size; ++r) {
column[r] = equations[r][size];
matrix[r].resize(size);
for (int c = 0; c < size; ++c) {
matrix[r][c] = equations[r][c];
}
}
SubMatrix sm(matrix, column);
return solve(sm);
}
template<typename T>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector<T> &v) {
auto it = v.cbegin();
auto end = v.cend();
os << '[';
if (it != end) {
os << *it++;
}
while (it != end) {
os << ", " << *it++;
}
return os << ']';
}
int main() {
std::vector<std::vector<double>> equations = {
{ 2, -1, 5, 1, -3},
{ 3, 2, 2, -6, -32},
{ 1, 3, 3, -1, -47},
{ 5, -2, -3, 3, 49},
};
auto solution = solveCramer(equations);
std::cout << solution << '\n';
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_file | Create a file | In this task, the job is to create a new empty file called "output.txt" of size 0 bytes
and an empty directory called "docs". This should be done twice: once "here", i.e. in the current working directory and once in the filesystem root.
| #AWK | AWK | BEGIN {
printf "" > "output.txt"
close("output.txt")
printf "" > "/output.txt"
close("/output.txt")
system("mkdir docs")
system("mkdir /docs")
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_file | Create a file | In this task, the job is to create a new empty file called "output.txt" of size 0 bytes
and an empty directory called "docs". This should be done twice: once "here", i.e. in the current working directory and once in the filesystem root.
| #Axe | Axe | GetCalc("appvOUTPUT",0) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_to_HTML_translation | CSV to HTML translation | Consider a simplified CSV format where all rows are separated by a newline
and all columns are separated by commas.
No commas are allowed as field data, but the data may contain
other characters and character sequences that would
normally be escaped when converted to HTML
Task
Create a function that takes a string representation of the CSV data
and returns a text string of an HTML table representing the CSV data.
Use the following data as the CSV text to convert, and show your output.
Character,Speech
The multitude,The messiah! Show us the messiah!
Brians mother,<angry>Now you listen here! He's not the messiah; he's a very naughty boy! Now go away!</angry>
The multitude,Who are you?
Brians mother,I'm his mother; that's who!
The multitude,Behold his mother! Behold his mother!
Extra credit
Optionally allow special formatting for the first row of the table as if it is the tables header row
(via <thead> preferably; CSS if you must).
| #Bracmat | Bracmat | ( ( CSVtoHTML
= p q Character Speech swor rows row
. 0:?p
& :?swor:?rows
& ( @( !arg
: ?
( [!p ?Character "," ?Speech \n [?q ?
& !q:?p
& (tr.,(th.,!Character) (th.,!Speech))
!swor
: ?swor
& ~
)
)
| whl
' ( !swor:%?row %?swor
& !row \n !rows:?rows
)
& toML
$ (table.,(thead.,!swor) \n (tbody.,!rows))
)
)
& CSVtoHTML
$ "Character,Speech
The multitude,The messiah! Show us the messiah!
Brians mother,<angry>Now you listen here! He's not the messiah; he's a very naughty boy! Now go away!</angry>
The multitude,Who are you?
Brians mother,I'm his mother; that's who!
The multitude,Behold his mother! Behold his mother!
"
)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_data_manipulation | CSV data manipulation | CSV spreadsheet files are suitable for storing tabular data in a relatively portable way.
The CSV format is flexible but somewhat ill-defined.
For present purposes, authors may assume that the data fields contain no commas, backslashes, or quotation marks.
Task
Read a CSV file, change some values and save the changes back to a file.
For this task we will use the following CSV file:
C1,C2,C3,C4,C5
1,5,9,13,17
2,6,10,14,18
3,7,11,15,19
4,8,12,16,20
Suggestions
Show how to add a column, headed 'SUM', of the sums of the rows.
If possible, illustrate the use of built-in or standard functions, methods, or libraries, that handle generic CSV files.
| #FreeBASIC | FreeBASIC | ' FB 1.05.0 Win64
Open "manip.csv" For Input As #1 ' existing CSV file
Open "manip2.csv" For Output As #2 ' new CSV file for writing changed data
Dim header As String
Line Input #1, header
header += ",SUM"
Print #2, header
Dim As Integer c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, sum
While Not Eof(1)
Input #1, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5
sum = c1 + c2 + c3 + c4 + c5
Write #2, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, sum
Wend
Close #1
Close #2 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Damm_algorithm | Damm algorithm | The Damm algorithm is a checksum algorithm which detects all single digit errors and adjacent transposition errors.
The algorithm is named after H. Michael Damm.
Task
Verify the checksum, stored as last digit of an input.
| #PowerShell | PowerShell |
$table = (
(0, 3, 1, 7, 5, 9, 8, 6, 4, 2),
(7, 0, 9, 2, 1, 5, 4, 8, 6, 3),
(4, 2, 0, 6, 8, 7, 1, 3, 5, 9),
(1, 7, 5, 0, 9, 8, 3, 4, 2, 6),
(6, 1, 2, 3, 0, 4, 5, 9, 7, 8),
(3, 6, 7, 4, 2, 0, 9, 5, 8, 1),
(5, 8, 6, 9, 7, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4),
(8, 9, 4, 5, 3, 6, 2, 0, 1, 7),
(9, 4, 3, 8, 6, 1, 7, 2, 0, 5),
(2, 5, 8, 1, 4, 3, 6, 7, 9, 0)
)
function Test-Damm([string]$s) {
$interim = 0
foreach ($c in $s.ToCharArray()) {
$interim = $table[$interim][[int]$c - [int][char]'0']
}
return $interim -eq 0
}
foreach ($number in 5724, 5727, 112946, 112949) {
$validity = if (Test-Damm $number) {'valid'} else {'invalid'}
'{0,6} is {1}' -f $number, $validity
}
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cuban_primes | Cuban primes | The name cuban has nothing to do with Cuba (the country), but has to do with the
fact that cubes (3rd powers) play a role in its definition.
Some definitions of cuban primes
primes which are the difference of two consecutive cubes.
primes of the form: (n+1)3 - n3.
primes of the form: n3 - (n-1)3.
primes p such that n2(p+n) is a cube for some n>0.
primes p such that 4p = 1 + 3n2.
Cuban primes were named in 1923 by Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham.
Task requirements
show the first 200 cuban primes (in a multi─line horizontal format).
show the 100,000th cuban prime.
show all cuban primes with commas (if appropriate).
show all output here.
Note that cuban prime isn't capitalized (as it doesn't refer to the nation of Cuba).
Also see
Wikipedia entry: cuban prime.
MathWorld entry: cuban prime.
The OEIS entry: A002407. The 100,000th cuban prime can be verified in the 2nd example on this OEIS web page.
| #Nim | Nim | import strformat
import strutils
import math
const cutOff = 200
const bigUn = 100000
const chunks = 50
const little = bigUn div chunks
echo fmt"The first {cutOff} cuban primes"
var primes: seq[int] = @[3, 5]
var c, u = 0
var showEach: bool = true
var v = 1
for i in 1..high(BiggestInt):
var found: bool
inc u, 6
inc v, u
var mx = int(ceil(sqrt(float(v))))
for item in primes:
if item > mx:
break
if v mod item == 0:
found = true
break
if not found:
inc c
if showEach:
for z in countup(primes[^1] + 2, v - 2, step=2):
var fnd: bool = false
for item in primes:
if item > mx:
break
if z mod item == 0:
fnd = true
break
if not fnd:
primes.add(z)
primes.add(v)
write(stdout, fmt"{insertSep($v, ','):>11}")
if c mod 10 == 0:
write(stdout, "\n")
if c == cutOff:
showEach = false
write(stdout, fmt"Progress to the {bigUn}th cuban prime: ")
stdout.flushFile
if c mod little == 0:
write(stdout, ".")
stdout.flushFile
if c == bigUn:
break
write(stdout, "\n")
echo fmt"The {c}th cuban prime is {insertSep($v, ',')}" |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cuban_primes | Cuban primes | The name cuban has nothing to do with Cuba (the country), but has to do with the
fact that cubes (3rd powers) play a role in its definition.
Some definitions of cuban primes
primes which are the difference of two consecutive cubes.
primes of the form: (n+1)3 - n3.
primes of the form: n3 - (n-1)3.
primes p such that n2(p+n) is a cube for some n>0.
primes p such that 4p = 1 + 3n2.
Cuban primes were named in 1923 by Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham.
Task requirements
show the first 200 cuban primes (in a multi─line horizontal format).
show the 100,000th cuban prime.
show all cuban primes with commas (if appropriate).
show all output here.
Note that cuban prime isn't capitalized (as it doesn't refer to the nation of Cuba).
Also see
Wikipedia entry: cuban prime.
MathWorld entry: cuban prime.
The OEIS entry: A002407. The 100,000th cuban prime can be verified in the 2nd example on this OEIS web page.
| #Pascal | Pascal | program CubanPrimes;
{$IFDEF FPC}
{$MODE DELPHI}
{$OPTIMIZATION ON,Regvar,PEEPHOLE,CSE,ASMCSE}
{$CODEALIGN proc=32}
{$ENDIF}
uses
primTrial;
const
COLUMNCOUNT = 10*10;
procedure FormOut(Cuban:Uint64;ColSize:Uint32);
var
s : String;
pI,pJ :pChar;
i,j : NativeInt;
Begin
str(Cuban,s);
i := length(s);
If i>3 then
Begin
//extend s by the count of comma to be inserted
j := i+ (i-1) div 3;
setlength(s,j);
pI := @s[i];
pJ := @s[j];
while i > 3 do
Begin
// copy 3 digits
pJ^ := pI^;dec(pJ);dec(pI);
pJ^ := pI^;dec(pJ);dec(pI);
pJ^ := pI^;dec(pJ);dec(pI);
// insert comma
pJ^ := ',';dec(pJ);
dec(i,3);
end;
//the digits in front are in the right place
end;
write(s:ColSize);
end;
procedure OutFirstCntCubPrimes(Cnt : Int32;ColCnt : Int32);
var
cbDelta1,
cbDelta2 : Uint64;
ClCnt,ColSize : NativeInt;
Begin
If Cnt <= 0 then
EXIT;
IF ColCnt <= 0 then
ColCnt := 1;
ColSize := COLUMNCOUNT DIV ColCnt;
dec(ColCnt);
ClCnt := ColCnt;
cbDelta1 := 0;
cbDelta2 := 1;
repeat
if isPrime(cbDelta2) then
Begin
FormOut(cbDelta2,ColSize);
dec(Cnt);
dec(ClCnt);
If ClCnt < 0 then
Begin
Writeln;
ClCnt := ColCnt;
end;
end;
inc(cbDelta1,6);// 0,6,12,18...
inc(cbDelta2,cbDelta1);//1,7,19,35...
until Cnt<= 0;
writeln;
end;
procedure OutNthCubPrime(n : Int32);
var
cbDelta1,
cbDelta2 : Uint64;
Begin
If n <= 0 then
EXIT;
cbDelta1 := 0;
cbDelta2 := 1;
repeat
inc(cbDelta1,6);
inc(cbDelta2,cbDelta1);
if isPrime(cbDelta2) then
dec(n);
until n<=0;
FormOut(cbDelta2,20);
writeln;
end;
Begin
OutFirstCntCubPrimes(200,10);
OutNthCubPrime(100000);
end. |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currying | Currying |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Currying. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Create a simple demonstrative example of Currying in a specific language.
Add any historic details as to how the feature made its way into the language.
| #Rust | Rust | fn add_n(n : i32) -> impl Fn(i32) -> i32 {
move |x| n + x
}
fn main() {
let adder = add_n(40);
println!("The answer to life is {}.", adder(2));
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currying | Currying |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Currying. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Create a simple demonstrative example of Currying in a specific language.
Add any historic details as to how the feature made its way into the language.
| #Scala | Scala |
def add(a: Int)(b: Int) = a + b
val add5 = add(5) _
add5(2)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currying | Currying |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Currying. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Create a simple demonstrative example of Currying in a specific language.
Add any historic details as to how the feature made its way into the language.
| #Sidef | Sidef | var adder = 1.method(:add);
say adder(3); #=> 4 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_manipulation | Date manipulation | Task
Given the date string "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST",
output the time 12 hours later in any human-readable format.
As extra credit, display the resulting time in a time zone different from your own.
| #Scala | Scala | import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
import java.util.{Calendar, Locale, TimeZone}
object DateManipulation {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val input="March 7 2009 7:30pm EST"
val df=new SimpleDateFormat("MMMM d yyyy h:mma z", Locale.ENGLISH)
val c=Calendar.getInstance()
c.setTime(df.parse(input))
c.add(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 12)
println(df.format(c.getTime))
df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"))
println(df.format(c.getTime))
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_manipulation | Date manipulation | Task
Given the date string "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST",
output the time 12 hours later in any human-readable format.
As extra credit, display the resulting time in a time zone different from your own.
| #Seed7 | Seed7 | $ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "time.s7i";
include "duration.s7i";
const func time: parseDate (in string: dateStri) is func
result
var time: aTime is time.value;
local
const array string: monthNames is [] ("January", "February", "March", "April",
"May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December");
var array string: dateParts is 0 times "";
var integer: month is 0;
var string: timeStri is "";
begin
dateParts := split(dateStri, ' ');
aTime.year := integer parse (dateParts[3]);
aTime.month := 1;
while monthNames[aTime.month] <> dateParts[1] do
incr(aTime.month);
end while;
aTime.day := integer parse (dateParts[2]);
timeStri := dateParts[4];
if endsWith(timeStri, "am") then
aTime.hour := integer parse (timeStri[.. pred(pos(timeStri, ':'))]);
elsif endsWith(timeStri, "pm") then
aTime.hour := integer parse (timeStri[.. pred(pos(timeStri, ':'))]) + 12;
else
raise RANGE_ERROR;
end if;
aTime.minute := integer parse (timeStri[succ(pos(timeStri, ':')) .. length(timeStri) - 2]);
if dateParts[5] <> "UTC" then
aTime.timeZone := 60 * integer parse (dateParts[5][4 ..]);
end if;
end func;
const proc: main is func
local
var time: aTime is time.value;
begin
aTime := parseDate("March 7 2009 7:30pm UTC-05");
writeln("Given: " <& aTime);
aTime +:= 1 . DAYS;
writeln("A day later: " <& aTime);
aTime := toUTC(aTime);
writeln("In UTC: " <& aTime);
end func; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Day_of_the_week | Day of the week | A company decides that whenever Xmas falls on a Sunday they will give their workers all extra paid holidays so that, together with any public holidays, workers will not have to work the following week (between the 25th of December and the first of January).
Task
In what years between 2008 and 2121 will the 25th of December be a Sunday?
Using any standard date handling libraries of your programming language;
compare the dates calculated with the output of other languages to discover any anomalies in the handling of dates which may be due to, for example, overflow in types used to represent dates/times similar to y2k type problems.
| #Maxima | Maxima | weekday(year, month, day) := block([m: month, y: year, k],
if m < 3 then (m: m + 12, y: y - 1),
k: 1 + remainder(day + quotient((m + 1)*26, 10) + y + quotient(y, 4)
+ 6*quotient(y, 100) + quotient(y, 400) + 5, 7),
['monday, 'tuesday, 'wednesday, 'thurdsday, 'friday, 'saturday, 'sunday][k]
)$
sublist(makelist(i, i, 2008, 2121),
lambda([y], weekday(y, 12, 25) = 'sunday));
/* [2011, 2016, 2022, 2033, 2039, 2044, 2050, 2061, 2067, 2072, 2078, 2089, 2095, 2101, 2107, 2112, 2118] */ |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Day_of_the_week | Day of the week | A company decides that whenever Xmas falls on a Sunday they will give their workers all extra paid holidays so that, together with any public holidays, workers will not have to work the following week (between the 25th of December and the first of January).
Task
In what years between 2008 and 2121 will the 25th of December be a Sunday?
Using any standard date handling libraries of your programming language;
compare the dates calculated with the output of other languages to discover any anomalies in the handling of dates which may be due to, for example, overflow in types used to represent dates/times similar to y2k type problems.
| #.D0.9C.D0.9A-61.2F52 | МК-61/52 | П9 7 П7 1 П8 НОП ИП8 2 2 -
1 0 / [x] П6 ИП9 + 1 8 9
9 - 3 6 5 , 2 5 * [x]
ИП8 ИП6 1 2 * - 1 4 - 3
0 , 5 9 * [x] + 2 9 +
ИП7 + П4 ИП4 7 / [x] 7 * -
x=0 64 ИП9 С/П ИП9 1 + П9 БП 06 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CUSIP | CUSIP |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at CUSIP. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
A CUSIP is a nine-character alphanumeric code that identifies a North American financial security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades. The CUSIP was adopted as an American National Standard under Accredited Standards X9.6.
Task
Ensure the last digit (i.e., the check digit) of the CUSIP code (the 1st column) is correct, against the following:
037833100 Apple Incorporated
17275R102 Cisco Systems
38259P508 Google Incorporated
594918104 Microsoft Corporation
68389X106 Oracle Corporation (incorrect)
68389X105 Oracle Corporation
Example pseudo-code below.
algorithm Cusip-Check-Digit(cusip) is
Input: an 8-character CUSIP
sum := 0
for 1 ≤ i ≤ 8 do
c := the ith character of cusip
if c is a digit then
v := numeric value of the digit c
else if c is a letter then
p := ordinal position of c in the alphabet (A=1, B=2...)
v := p + 9
else if c = "*" then
v := 36
else if c = "@" then
v := 37
else if' c = "#" then
v := 38
end if
if i is even then
v := v × 2
end if
sum := sum + int ( v div 10 ) + v mod 10
repeat
return (10 - (sum mod 10)) mod 10
end function
See related tasks
SEDOL
ISIN
| #Rust | Rust | fn cusip_check(cusip: &str) -> bool {
if cusip.len() != 9 {
return false;
}
let mut v = 0;
let capital_cusip = cusip.to_uppercase();
let char_indices = capital_cusip.as_str().char_indices().take(7);
let total = char_indices.fold(0, |total, (i, c)| {
v = match c {
'*' => 36,
'@' => 37,
'#' => 38,
_ if c.is_digit(10) => c.to_digit(10).unwrap() as u8,
_ if c.is_alphabetic() => (c as u8) - b'A' + 1 + 9,
_ => v,
};
if i % 2 != 0 {
v *= 2
}
total + (v / 10) + v % 10
});
let check = (10 - (total % 10)) % 10;
(check.to_string().chars().nth(0).unwrap()) == cusip.chars().nth(cusip.len() - 1).unwrap()
}
fn main() {
let codes = [
"037833100",
"17275R102",
"38259P508",
"594918104",
"68389X106",
"68389X105",
];
for code in &codes {
println!("{} -> {}", code, cusip_check(code))
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CUSIP | CUSIP |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at CUSIP. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
A CUSIP is a nine-character alphanumeric code that identifies a North American financial security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades. The CUSIP was adopted as an American National Standard under Accredited Standards X9.6.
Task
Ensure the last digit (i.e., the check digit) of the CUSIP code (the 1st column) is correct, against the following:
037833100 Apple Incorporated
17275R102 Cisco Systems
38259P508 Google Incorporated
594918104 Microsoft Corporation
68389X106 Oracle Corporation (incorrect)
68389X105 Oracle Corporation
Example pseudo-code below.
algorithm Cusip-Check-Digit(cusip) is
Input: an 8-character CUSIP
sum := 0
for 1 ≤ i ≤ 8 do
c := the ith character of cusip
if c is a digit then
v := numeric value of the digit c
else if c is a letter then
p := ordinal position of c in the alphabet (A=1, B=2...)
v := p + 9
else if c = "*" then
v := 36
else if c = "@" then
v := 37
else if' c = "#" then
v := 38
end if
if i is even then
v := v × 2
end if
sum := sum + int ( v div 10 ) + v mod 10
repeat
return (10 - (sum mod 10)) mod 10
end function
See related tasks
SEDOL
ISIN
| #Scala | Scala | object Cusip extends App {
val candidates = Seq("037833100", "17275R102", "38259P508", "594918104", "68389X106", "68389X105")
for (candidate <- candidates)
printf(f"$candidate%s -> ${if (isCusip(candidate)) "correct" else "incorrect"}%s%n")
private def isCusip(s: String): Boolean = {
if (s.length != 9) false
else {
var sum = 0
for (i <- 0 until 7) {
val c = s(i)
var v = 0
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') v = c - 48
else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') v = c - 55 // lower case letters apparently invalid
else if (c == '*') v = 36
else if (c == '@') v = 37
else if (c == '#') v = 38
else return false
if (i % 2 == 1) v *= 2 // check if odd as using 0-based indexing
sum += v / 10 + v % 10
}
s(8) - 48 == (10 - (sum % 10)) % 10
}
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_two-dimensional_array_at_runtime | Create a two-dimensional array at runtime |
Data Structure
This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program.
You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category.
Get two integers from the user, then create a two-dimensional array where the two dimensions have the sizes given by those numbers, and which can be accessed in the most natural way possible. Write some element of that array, and then output that element. Finally destroy the array if not done by the language itself.
| #C.2B.2B | C++ | #include <iostream>
int main()
{
// read values
int dim1, dim2;
std::cin >> dim1 >> dim2;
// create array
double* array_data = new double[dim1*dim2];
double** array = new double*[dim1];
for (int i = 0; i < dim1; ++i)
array[i] = array_data + dim2*i;
// write element
array[0][0] = 3.5;
// output element
std::cout << array[0][0] << std::endl;
// get rid of array
delete[] array;
delete[] array_data;
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cumulative_standard_deviation | Cumulative standard deviation | Task[edit]
Write a stateful function, class, generator or co-routine that takes a series of floating point numbers, one at a time, and returns the running standard deviation of the series.
The task implementation should use the most natural programming style of those listed for the function in the implementation language; the task must state which is being used.
Do not apply Bessel's correction; the returned standard deviation should always be computed as if the sample seen so far is the entire population.
Test case
Use this to compute the standard deviation of this demonstration set,
{
2
,
4
,
4
,
4
,
5
,
5
,
7
,
9
}
{\displaystyle \{2,4,4,4,5,5,7,9\}}
, which is
2
{\displaystyle 2}
.
Related tasks
Random numbers
Tasks for calculating statistical measures
in one go
moving (sliding window)
moving (cumulative)
Mean
Arithmetic
Statistics/Basic
Averages/Arithmetic mean
Averages/Pythagorean means
Averages/Simple moving average
Geometric
Averages/Pythagorean means
Harmonic
Averages/Pythagorean means
Quadratic
Averages/Root mean square
Circular
Averages/Mean angle
Averages/Mean time of day
Median
Averages/Median
Mode
Averages/Mode
Standard deviation
Statistics/Basic
Cumulative standard deviation
| #FOCAL | FOCAL | 01.01 C-- TEST SET
01.10 S T(1)=2;S T(2)=4;S T(3)=4;S T(4)=4
01.20 S T(5)=5;S T(6)=5;S T(7)=7;S T(8)=9
01.30 D 2.1
01.35 T %6.40
01.40 F I=1,8;S A=T(I);D 2.2;T "VAL",A;D 2.3;T " SD",A,!
01.50 Q
02.01 C-- RUNNING STDDEV
02.02 C-- 2.1: INITIALIZE
02.03 C-- 2.2: INSERT VALUE A
02.04 C-- 2.3: A = CURRENT STDDEV
02.10 S XN=0;S XS=0;S XQ=0
02.20 S XN=XN+1;S XS=XS+A;S XQ=XQ+A*A
02.30 S A=FSQT(XQ/XN - (XS/XN)^2) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CRC-32 | CRC-32 |
Task
Demonstrate a method of deriving the Cyclic Redundancy Check from within the language.
The result should be in accordance with ISO 3309, ITU-T V.42, Gzip and PNG.
Algorithms are described on Computation of CRC in Wikipedia.
This variant of CRC-32 uses LSB-first order, sets the initial CRC to FFFFFFFF16, and complements the final CRC.
For the purpose of this task, generate a CRC-32 checksum for the ASCII encoded string:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
| #Forth | Forth |
: crc/ ( n -- n ) 8 0 do dup 1 rshift swap 1 and if $edb88320 xor then loop ;
: crcfill 256 0 do i crc/ , loop ;
create crctbl crcfill
: crc+ ( crc n -- crc' ) over xor $ff and cells crctbl + @ swap 8 rshift xor ;
: crcbuf ( crc str len -- crc ) bounds ?do i c@ crc+ loop ;
$ffffffff s" The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" crcbuf $ffffffff xor hex. bye \ $414FA339
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CRC-32 | CRC-32 |
Task
Demonstrate a method of deriving the Cyclic Redundancy Check from within the language.
The result should be in accordance with ISO 3309, ITU-T V.42, Gzip and PNG.
Algorithms are described on Computation of CRC in Wikipedia.
This variant of CRC-32 uses LSB-first order, sets the initial CRC to FFFFFFFF16, and complements the final CRC.
For the purpose of this task, generate a CRC-32 checksum for the ASCII encoded string:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
| #Fortran | Fortran | module crc32_m
use iso_fortran_env
implicit none
integer(int32) :: crc_table(0:255)
contains
subroutine update_crc(a, crc)
integer :: n, i
character(*) :: a
integer(int32) :: crc
crc = not(crc)
n = len(a)
do i = 1, n
crc = ieor(shiftr(crc, 8), crc_table(iand(ieor(crc, iachar(a(i:i))), 255)))
end do
crc = not(crc)
end subroutine
subroutine init_table
integer :: i, j
integer(int32) :: k
do i = 0, 255
k = i
do j = 1, 8
if (btest(k, 0)) then
k = ieor(shiftr(k, 1), -306674912)
else
k = shiftr(k, 1)
end if
end do
crc_table(i) = k
end do
end subroutine
end module
program crc32
use crc32_m
implicit none
integer(int32) :: crc = 0
character(*), parameter :: s = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
call init_table
call update_crc(s, crc)
print "(Z8)", crc
end program |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_the_coins | Count the coins | There are four types of common coins in US currency:
quarters (25 cents)
dimes (10 cents)
nickels (5 cents), and
pennies (1 cent)
There are six ways to make change for 15 cents:
A dime and a nickel
A dime and 5 pennies
3 nickels
2 nickels and 5 pennies
A nickel and 10 pennies
15 pennies
Task
How many ways are there to make change for a dollar using these common coins? (1 dollar = 100 cents).
Optional
Less common are dollar coins (100 cents); and very rare are half dollars (50 cents). With the addition of these two coins, how many ways are there to make change for $1000?
(Note: the answer is larger than 232).
References
an algorithm from the book Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs.
an article in the algorithmist.
Change-making problem on Wikipedia.
| #Arturo | Arturo | changes: function [amount coins][
ways: map 0..amount+1 [x]-> 0
ways\0: 1
loop coins 'coin [
loop coin..amount 'j ->
set ways j (get ways j) + get ways j-coin
]
ways\[amount]
]
print changes 100 [1 5 10 25]
print changes 100000 [1 5 10 25 50 100] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_occurrences_of_a_substring | Count occurrences of a substring | Task
Create a function, or show a built-in function, to count the number of non-overlapping occurrences of a substring inside a string.
The function should take two arguments:
the first argument being the string to search, and
the second a substring to be searched for.
It should return an integer count.
print countSubstring("the three truths","th")
3
// do not count substrings that overlap with previously-counted substrings:
print countSubstring("ababababab","abab")
2
The matching should yield the highest number of non-overlapping matches.
In general, this essentially means matching from left-to-right or right-to-left (see proof on talk page).
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #360_Assembly | 360 Assembly | * Count occurrences of a substring 05/07/2016
COUNTSTR CSECT
USING COUNTSTR,R13 base register
B 72(R15) skip savearea
DC 17F'0' savearea
STM R14,R12,12(R13) prolog
ST R13,4(R15) "
ST R15,8(R13) "
LR R13,R15 "
MVC HAYSTACK,=CL32'the three truths'
MVC LENH,=F'17' lh=17
MVC NEEDLE,=CL8'th' needle='th'
MVC LENN,=F'2' ln=2
BAL R14,SHOW call show
MVC HAYSTACK,=CL32'ababababab'
MVC LENH,=F'11' lh=11
MVC NEEDLE,=CL8'abab' needle='abab'
MVC LENN,=F'4' ln=4
BAL R14,SHOW call show
L R13,4(0,R13) epilog
LM R14,R12,12(R13) "
XR R15,R15 "
BR R14 exit
HAYSTACK DS CL32 haystack
NEEDLE DS CL8 needle
LENH DS F length(haystack)
LENN DS F length(needle)
*------- ---- show---------------------------------------------------
SHOW ST R14,SAVESHOW save return address
BAL R14,COUNT count(haystack,needle)
LR R11,R0 ic=count(haystack,needle)
MVC PG(20),HAYSTACK output haystack
MVC PG+20(5),NEEDLE output needle
XDECO R11,PG+25 output ic
XPRNT PG,80 print buffer
L R14,SAVESHOW restore return address
BR R14 return to caller
SAVESHOW DS A return address of caller
PG DC CL80' ' buffer
*------- ---- count--------------------------------------------------
COUNT ST R14,SAVECOUN save return address
SR R7,R7 n=0
LA R6,1 istart=1
L R10,LENH lh
S R10,LENN ln
LA R10,1(R10) lh-ln+1
LOOPI CR R6,R10 do istart=1 to lh-ln+1
BH ELOOPI
LA R8,NEEDLE @needle
L R9,LENN ln
LA R4,HAYSTACK-1 @haystack[0]
AR R4,R6 +istart
LR R5,R9 ln
CLCL R4,R8 if substr(haystack,istart,ln)=needle
BNE NOTEQ
LA R7,1(R7) n=n+1
A R6,LENN istart=istart+ln
NOTEQ LA R6,1(R6) istart=istart+1
B LOOPI
ELOOPI LR R0,R7 return(n)
L R14,SAVECOUN restore return address
BR R14 return to caller
SAVECOUN DS A return address of caller
* ---- -------------------------------------------------------
YREGS
END COUNTSTR |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_occurrences_of_a_substring | Count occurrences of a substring | Task
Create a function, or show a built-in function, to count the number of non-overlapping occurrences of a substring inside a string.
The function should take two arguments:
the first argument being the string to search, and
the second a substring to be searched for.
It should return an integer count.
print countSubstring("the three truths","th")
3
// do not count substrings that overlap with previously-counted substrings:
print countSubstring("ababababab","abab")
2
The matching should yield the highest number of non-overlapping matches.
In general, this essentially means matching from left-to-right or right-to-left (see proof on talk page).
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #8080_Assembly | 8080 Assembly | org 100h
jmp demo
;;; Count non-overlapping substrings (BC) in string (HL)
;;; Returns amount of matches in DE
subcnt: lxi d,0 ; Amount of matches
s_scan: mov a,m ; Get current character
ana a ; End of string?
rz ; Then stop
push b ; Keep start of substring search
push h ; Keep current location in string
s_cmp: ldax b ; Get character from substring
cmp m ; Compare to curent charracter of search string
inx b ; Advance pointers
inx h
jz s_cmp ; Keep going if they were equal
ana a ; Did we reach the end of the substring?
jz s_find ; If so, we found a match
pop h ; Otherwise, no match - restore search position
pop b ; Restore start of substring
inx h ; Try next position
jmp s_scan
s_find: inx d ; We found a match
pop b ; Discard start of the search, keep going after match
pop b ; Restore start of substring
dcx h ; The comparison routine overshoots by one
jmp s_scan
;;; Test on a few strings
demo: lxi h,pairs
loop: mov e,m ; Load string pointer
inx h
mov d,m
inx h
mov a,d ; If 0, stop
ora e
rz
mov c,m ; Load substring pointer
inx h
mov b,m
inx h
push h ; Save example pointer
xchg ; Put string pointer in HL
call subcnt ; Count substrings
mvi a,'0' ; Assuming output is <10, print output
add e ; (This is true for all examples, and a proper numeric
mov e,a ; output routine is big and not relevant.)
mvi c,2 ; CP/M character output
call 5
pop h ; Restore example pointer
jmp loop
pairs: dw str1,sub1,str2,sub2,str3,sub3,0
str1: db 'the three truths',0
sub1: db 'th',0 ; result should be 3
str2: db 'ababababab',0
sub2: db 'abab',0 ; result should be 2
str3: db 'cat',0
sub3: db 'dog',0 ; result should be 0 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_in_octal | Count in octal | Task
Produce a sequential count in octal, starting at zero, and using an increment of a one for each consecutive number.
Each number should appear on a single line, and the program should count until terminated, or until the maximum value of the numeric type in use is reached.
Related task
Integer sequence is a similar task without the use of octal numbers.
| #360_Assembly | 360 Assembly | * Octal 04/07/2016
OCTAL CSECT
USING OCTAL,R13 base register
B 72(R15) skip savearea
DC 17F'0' savearea
STM R14,R12,12(R13) prolog
ST R13,4(R15) "
ST R15,8(R13) "
LR R13,R15 "
LA R6,0 i=0
LOOPI LR R2,R6 x=i
LA R9,10 j=10
LA R4,PG+23 @pg
LOOP LR R3,R2 save x
SLL R2,29 shift left 32-3
SRL R2,29 shift right 32-3
CVD R2,DW convert octal(j) to pack decimal
OI DW+7,X'0F' prepare unpack
UNPK 0(1,R4),DW packed decimal to zoned printable
LR R2,R3 restore x
SRL R2,3 shift right 3
BCTR R4,0 @pg=@pg-1
BCT R9,LOOP j=j-1
CVD R2,DW binary to pack decimal
OI DW+7,X'0F' prepare unpack
UNPK 0(1,R4),DW packed decimal to zoned printable
CVD R6,DW convert i to pack decimal
MVC ZN12,EM12 load mask
ED ZN12,DW+2 packed decimal (PL6) to char (CL12)
MVC PG(12),ZN12 output i
XPRNT PG,80 print buffer
C R6,=F'2147483647' if i>2**31-1 (integer max)
BE ELOOPI then exit loop on i
LA R6,1(R6) i=i+1
B LOOPI loop on i
ELOOPI L R13,4(0,R13) epilog
LM R14,R12,12(R13) "
XR R15,R15 "
BR R14 exit
LTORG
PG DC CL80' ' buffer
DW DS 0D,PL8 15num
ZN12 DS CL12
EM12 DC X'40',9X'20',X'2120' mask CL12 11num
YREGS
END OCTAL |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_in_octal | Count in octal | Task
Produce a sequential count in octal, starting at zero, and using an increment of a one for each consecutive number.
Each number should appear on a single line, and the program should count until terminated, or until the maximum value of the numeric type in use is reached.
Related task
Integer sequence is a similar task without the use of octal numbers.
| #6502_Assembly | 6502 Assembly |
define SRC_LO $00
define SRC_HI $01
define DEST_LO $02
define DEST_HI $03
define temp $04 ;temp storage used by foo
;some prep work since easy6502 doesn't allow you to define arbitrary bytes before runtime.
SET_TABLE:
TXA
STA $1000,X
INX
BNE SET_TABLE
;stores the identity table at memory address $1000-$10FF
CLEAR_TABLE:
LDA #0
STA $1200,X
INX
BNE CLEAR_TABLE
;fills the range $1200-$12FF with zeroes.
LDA #$10
STA SRC_HI
LDA #$00
STA SRC_LO
;store memory address $1000 in zero page
LDA #$12
STA DEST_HI
LDA #$00
STA DEST_LO
;store memory address $1200 in zero page
loop:
LDA (SRC_LO),y ;load accumulator from memory address $1000+y
JSR foo ;convert accumulator to octal
STA (DEST_LO),y ;store accumulator in memory address $1200+y
INY
CPY #$40
BCC loop
BRK
foo:
sta temp ;store input temporarily
asl ;bit shift, this places the top bit of the right nibble in the bottom of the left nibble.
pha ;back this value up
lda temp
and #$07 ;take the original input and remove everything except the bottom 3 bits.
sta temp ;store it for later. What used to be stored here is no longer needed.
pla ;get the pushed value back.
and #$F0 ;clear the bottom 4 bits.
ora temp ;put the bottom 3 bits of the original input back.
and #$7F ;clear bit 7.
rts |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_in_factors | Count in factors | Task
Write a program which counts up from 1, displaying each number as the multiplication of its prime factors.
For the purpose of this task, 1 (unity) may be shown as itself.
Example
2 is prime, so it would be shown as itself.
6 is not prime; it would be shown as
2
×
3
{\displaystyle 2\times 3}
.
2144 is not prime; it would be shown as
2
×
2
×
2
×
2
×
2
×
67
{\displaystyle 2\times 2\times 2\times 2\times 2\times 67}
.
Related tasks
prime decomposition
factors of an integer
Sieve of Eratosthenes
primality by trial division
factors of a Mersenne number
trial factoring of a Mersenne number
partition an integer X into N primes
| #11l | 11l | F get_prime_factors(=li)
I li == 1
R ‘1’
E
V res = ‘’
V f = 2
L
I li % f == 0
res ‘’= f
li /= f
I li == 1
L.break
res ‘’= ‘ x ’
E
f++
R res
L(x) 1..17
print(‘#4: #.’.format(x, get_prime_factors(x)))
print(‘2144: ’get_prime_factors(2144)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_an_HTML_table | Create an HTML table | Create an HTML table.
The table body should have at least three rows of three columns.
Each of these three columns should be labelled "X", "Y", and "Z".
An extra column should be added at either the extreme left or the extreme right of the table that has no heading, but is filled with sequential row numbers.
The rows of the "X", "Y", and "Z" columns should be filled with random or sequential integers having 4 digits or less.
The numbers should be aligned in the same fashion for all columns.
| #Arturo | Arturo | table: function [content]
-> join @["<table>" join @content "</table>"]
header: function [cells] -> join @["<tr>" join @cells "</tr>"]
th: function [lbl] -> join @["<th>" lbl "</th>"]
row: function [no]
-> join @[
"<tr><td style='font-weight:bold'>" no "</td>"
"<td>" random 1000 9999 "</td>"
"<td>" random 1000 9999 "</td>"
"<td>" random 1000 9999 "</td></tr>"
]
print table [
header [th"" th"X" th"Y" th"Z"]
row 1
row 2
row 3
row 4
row 5
] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_format | Date format | This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task.
Task
Display the current date in the formats of:
2007-11-23 and
Friday, November 23, 2007
| #LiveCode | LiveCode | on mouseUp pButtonNumber
put the date into tDate
convert tDate to dateItems
put item 1 of tDate & "-" & item 2 of tDate & "-" & item 3 of tDate & return into tMyFormattedDate
put tMyFormattedDate & the long date
end mouseUp |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_format | Date format | This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task.
Task
Display the current date in the formats of:
2007-11-23 and
Friday, November 23, 2007
| #Logo | Logo |
print first shell [date +%F]
print first shell [date +"%A, %B %d, %Y"]
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cramer%27s_rule | Cramer's rule | linear algebra
Cramer's rule
system of linear equations
Given
{
a
1
x
+
b
1
y
+
c
1
z
=
d
1
a
2
x
+
b
2
y
+
c
2
z
=
d
2
a
3
x
+
b
3
y
+
c
3
z
=
d
3
{\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}z&={\color {red}d_{1}}\\a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}z&={\color {red}d_{2}}\\a_{3}x+b_{3}y+c_{3}z&={\color {red}d_{3}}\end{matrix}}\right.}
which in matrix format is
[
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
]
[
x
y
z
]
=
[
d
1
d
2
d
3
]
.
{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}{\color {red}d_{1}}\\{\color {red}d_{2}}\\{\color {red}d_{3}}\end{bmatrix}}.}
Then the values of
x
,
y
{\displaystyle x,y}
and
z
{\displaystyle z}
can be found as follows:
x
=
|
d
1
b
1
c
1
d
2
b
2
c
2
d
3
b
3
c
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
,
y
=
|
a
1
d
1
c
1
a
2
d
2
c
2
a
3
d
3
c
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
,
and
z
=
|
a
1
b
1
d
1
a
2
b
2
d
2
a
3
b
3
d
3
|
|
a
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
b
2
c
2
a
3
b
3
c
3
|
.
{\displaystyle x={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}{\color {red}d_{1}}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\{\color {red}d_{2}}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\{\color {red}d_{3}}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}},\quad y={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&{\color {red}d_{1}}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&{\color {red}d_{2}}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&{\color {red}d_{3}}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}},{\text{ and }}z={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&{\color {red}d_{1}}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&{\color {red}d_{2}}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&{\color {red}d_{3}}\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}a_{1}&b_{1}&c_{1}\\a_{2}&b_{2}&c_{2}\\a_{3}&b_{3}&c_{3}\end{vmatrix}}}.}
Task
Given the following system of equations:
{
2
w
−
x
+
5
y
+
z
=
−
3
3
w
+
2
x
+
2
y
−
6
z
=
−
32
w
+
3
x
+
3
y
−
z
=
−
47
5
w
−
2
x
−
3
y
+
3
z
=
49
{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}2w-x+5y+z=-3\\3w+2x+2y-6z=-32\\w+3x+3y-z=-47\\5w-2x-3y+3z=49\\\end{cases}}}
solve for
w
{\displaystyle w}
,
x
{\displaystyle x}
,
y
{\displaystyle y}
and
z
{\displaystyle z}
, using Cramer's rule.
| #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp | (defun minor (m col)
(loop with dim = (1- (array-dimension m 0))
with result = (make-array (list dim dim))
for i from 1 to dim
for r = (1- i)
do (loop with c = 0
for j to dim
when (/= j col)
do (setf (aref result r c) (aref m i j))
(incf c))
finally (return result)))
(defun det (m)
(assert (= (array-rank m) 2))
(assert (= (array-dimension m 0) (array-dimension m 1)))
(let ((dim (array-dimension m 0)))
(if (= dim 1)
(aref m 0 0)
(loop for col below dim
for sign = 1 then (- sign)
sum (* sign (aref m 0 col) (det (minor m col)))))))
(defun replace-column (m col values)
(let* ((dim (array-dimension m 0))
(result (make-array (list dim dim))))
(dotimes (r dim result)
(dotimes (c dim)
(setf (aref result r c)
(if (= c col) (aref values r) (aref m r c)))))))
(defun solve (m v)
(loop with dim = (array-dimension m 0)
with det = (det m)
for col below dim
collect (/ (det (replace-column m col v)) det)))
(solve #2A((2 -1 5 1)
(3 2 2 -6)
(1 3 3 -1)
(5 -2 -3 3))
#(-3 -32 -47 49)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_file | Create a file | In this task, the job is to create a new empty file called "output.txt" of size 0 bytes
and an empty directory called "docs". This should be done twice: once "here", i.e. in the current working directory and once in the filesystem root.
| #BASIC | BASIC | OPEN "output.txt" FOR OUTPUT AS 1
CLOSE
OPEN "\output.txt" FOR OUTPUT AS 1
CLOSE |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_a_file | Create a file | In this task, the job is to create a new empty file called "output.txt" of size 0 bytes
and an empty directory called "docs". This should be done twice: once "here", i.e. in the current working directory and once in the filesystem root.
| #Batch_File | Batch File | copy nul output.txt
copy nul \output.txt |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_to_HTML_translation | CSV to HTML translation | Consider a simplified CSV format where all rows are separated by a newline
and all columns are separated by commas.
No commas are allowed as field data, but the data may contain
other characters and character sequences that would
normally be escaped when converted to HTML
Task
Create a function that takes a string representation of the CSV data
and returns a text string of an HTML table representing the CSV data.
Use the following data as the CSV text to convert, and show your output.
Character,Speech
The multitude,The messiah! Show us the messiah!
Brians mother,<angry>Now you listen here! He's not the messiah; he's a very naughty boy! Now go away!</angry>
The multitude,Who are you?
Brians mother,I'm his mother; that's who!
The multitude,Behold his mother! Behold his mother!
Extra credit
Optionally allow special formatting for the first row of the table as if it is the tables header row
(via <thead> preferably; CSS if you must).
| #C | C | #include <stdio.h>
const char *input =
"Character,Speech\n"
"The multitude,The messiah! Show us the messiah!\n"
"Brians mother,<angry>Now you listen here! He's not the messiah; "
"he's a very naughty boy! Now go away!</angry>\n"
"The multitude,Who are you?\n"
"Brians mother,I'm his mother; that's who!\n"
"The multitude,Behold his mother! Behold his mother!";
int main()
{
const char *s;
printf("<table>\n<tr><td>");
for (s = input; *s; s++) {
switch(*s) {
case '\n': printf("</td></tr>\n<tr><td>"); break;
case ',': printf("</td><td>"); break;
case '<': printf("<"); break;
case '>': printf(">"); break;
case '&': printf("&"); break;
default: putchar(*s);
}
}
puts("</td></tr>\n</table>");
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_data_manipulation | CSV data manipulation | CSV spreadsheet files are suitable for storing tabular data in a relatively portable way.
The CSV format is flexible but somewhat ill-defined.
For present purposes, authors may assume that the data fields contain no commas, backslashes, or quotation marks.
Task
Read a CSV file, change some values and save the changes back to a file.
For this task we will use the following CSV file:
C1,C2,C3,C4,C5
1,5,9,13,17
2,6,10,14,18
3,7,11,15,19
4,8,12,16,20
Suggestions
Show how to add a column, headed 'SUM', of the sums of the rows.
If possible, illustrate the use of built-in or standard functions, methods, or libraries, that handle generic CSV files.
| #FunL | FunL | import io.{lines, PrintWriter}
data Table( header, rows )
def read( file ) =
l = lines( file )
def next = vector( l.next().split(',') )
if l.isEmpty() then
return Table( vector(), [] )
header = next()
rows = seq()
while l.hasNext()
rows += next()
Table( header, rows.toList() )
def write( table, out ) =
w = if out is String then PrintWriter( out ) else out
w.println( table.header.mkString(',') )
for r <- table.rows
w.println( r.mkString(',') )
if out is String
w.close()
def updateRow( header, row, updates ) =
r = dict( (header(i), row(i)) | i <- 0:header.length() )
updates( r )
vector( r(f) | f <- header )
def update( table, updates ) =
Table( table.header, (updateRow(table.header, r, updates) | r <- table.rows).toList() )
def addColumn( table, column, updates ) =
Table( table.header + [column], (updateRow(table.header + [column], r + [null], updates) | r <- table.rows).toList() )
t = addColumn( read('test.csv'), 'SUM', r -> r('SUM') = sum(int(v) | (_, v) <- r if v != null) )
write( t, 'test_out.csv' )
write( t, System.out ) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_data_manipulation | CSV data manipulation | CSV spreadsheet files are suitable for storing tabular data in a relatively portable way.
The CSV format is flexible but somewhat ill-defined.
For present purposes, authors may assume that the data fields contain no commas, backslashes, or quotation marks.
Task
Read a CSV file, change some values and save the changes back to a file.
For this task we will use the following CSV file:
C1,C2,C3,C4,C5
1,5,9,13,17
2,6,10,14,18
3,7,11,15,19
4,8,12,16,20
Suggestions
Show how to add a column, headed 'SUM', of the sums of the rows.
If possible, illustrate the use of built-in or standard functions, methods, or libraries, that handle generic CSV files.
| #Gambas | Gambas | Public Sub Form_Open()
Dim sData As String = File.Load("data.csv")
Dim sLine, sTemp As String
Dim sOutput As New String[]
Dim siCount As Short
Dim bLine1 As Boolean
For Each sLine In Split(sData, gb.NewLine)
If Not bLine1 Then
sLine &= ",SUM"
sOutput.Add(sLine)
bLine1 = True
Continue
End If
For Each sTemp In Split(sLine)
siCount += Val(sTemp)
Next
sOutput.Add(sLine & "," & Str(siCount))
siCount = 0
Next
sData = ""
For Each sTemp In sOutput
sData &= sTemp & gb.NewLine
Print sTemp;
Print
Next
File.Save(User.home &/ "CSVData.csv", sData)
End |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Damm_algorithm | Damm algorithm | The Damm algorithm is a checksum algorithm which detects all single digit errors and adjacent transposition errors.
The algorithm is named after H. Michael Damm.
Task
Verify the checksum, stored as last digit of an input.
| #PureBasic | PureBasic | DataSection
DT_Start:
Data.b 0,3,1,7,5,9,8,6,4,2
Data.b 7,0,9,2,1,5,4,8,6,3
Data.b 4,2,0,6,8,7,1,3,5,9
Data.b 1,7,5,0,9,8,3,4,2,6
Data.b 6,1,2,3,0,4,5,9,7,8
Data.b 3,6,7,4,2,0,9,5,8,1
Data.b 5,8,6,9,7,2,0,1,3,4
Data.b 8,9,4,5,3,6,2,0,1,7
Data.b 9,4,3,8,6,1,7,2,0,5
Data.b 2,5,8,1,4,3,6,7,9,0
EndDataSection
Procedure.i Adr(Row,Col) : ProcedureReturn ?DT_Start+Row+10*Col : EndProcedure
Procedure.b CheckDamm(Value.s)
*ipc.Character=@Value : it=0
While *ipc\c
it=PeekB(Adr(*ipc\c-'0',it)) : *ipc+SizeOf(Character)
Wend
ProcedureReturn Bool(it)
EndProcedure
If OpenConsole()
Repeat
Print("Check Damm: ") : i$=Input()
If CheckDamm(i$) : PrintN(Space(12)+"FALSE") : Else : PrintN(Space(12)+"TRUE") : EndIf
Until i$=""
EndIf
End |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Cuban_primes | Cuban primes | The name cuban has nothing to do with Cuba (the country), but has to do with the
fact that cubes (3rd powers) play a role in its definition.
Some definitions of cuban primes
primes which are the difference of two consecutive cubes.
primes of the form: (n+1)3 - n3.
primes of the form: n3 - (n-1)3.
primes p such that n2(p+n) is a cube for some n>0.
primes p such that 4p = 1 + 3n2.
Cuban primes were named in 1923 by Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham.
Task requirements
show the first 200 cuban primes (in a multi─line horizontal format).
show the 100,000th cuban prime.
show all cuban primes with commas (if appropriate).
show all output here.
Note that cuban prime isn't capitalized (as it doesn't refer to the nation of Cuba).
Also see
Wikipedia entry: cuban prime.
MathWorld entry: cuban prime.
The OEIS entry: A002407. The 100,000th cuban prime can be verified in the 2nd example on this OEIS web page.
| #Perl | Perl | use feature 'say';
use ntheory 'is_prime';
sub cuban_primes {
my ($n) = @_;
my @primes;
for (my $k = 1 ; ; ++$k) {
my $p = 3 * $k * ($k + 1) + 1;
if (is_prime($p)) {
push @primes, $p;
last if @primes >= $n;
}
}
return @primes;
}
sub commify {
scalar reverse join ',', unpack '(A3)*', reverse shift;
}
my @c = cuban_primes(200);
while (@c) {
say join ' ', map { sprintf "%9s", commify $_ } splice(@c, 0, 10);
}
say '';
for my $n (1 .. 6) {
say "10^$n-th cuban prime is: ", commify((cuban_primes(10**$n))[-1]);
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currying | Currying |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Currying. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Create a simple demonstrative example of Currying in a specific language.
Add any historic details as to how the feature made its way into the language.
| #Standard_ML | Standard ML | fun addnums (x:int) y = x+y (* declare a curried function *)
val add1 = addnums 1 (* bind the first argument to get another function *)
add1 42 (* apply to actually compute a result, 43 *) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currying | Currying |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Currying. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Create a simple demonstrative example of Currying in a specific language.
Add any historic details as to how the feature made its way into the language.
| #Swift | Swift | func addN(n:Int)->Int->Int { return {$0 + n} }
var add2 = addN(2)
println(add2) // (Function)
println(add2(7)) // 9 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Currying | Currying |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Currying. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Create a simple demonstrative example of Currying in a specific language.
Add any historic details as to how the feature made its way into the language.
| #Tcl | Tcl | interp alias {} addone {} ::tcl::mathop::+ 1
puts [addone 6]; # => 7 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_manipulation | Date manipulation | Task
Given the date string "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST",
output the time 12 hours later in any human-readable format.
As extra credit, display the resulting time in a time zone different from your own.
| #SenseTalk | SenseTalk | set date to "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST"
insert "[month name] [day] [year] [hour12]:[min][pm] [timeZoneID]" into the timeInputFormat
put date + 12 hours
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Date_manipulation | Date manipulation | Task
Given the date string "March 7 2009 7:30pm EST",
output the time 12 hours later in any human-readable format.
As extra credit, display the resulting time in a time zone different from your own.
| #Sidef | Sidef | var dt = frequire('DateTime::Format::Strptime')
var input = 'March 7 2009 7:30pm EST'
input.sub!('EST', 'America/New_York')
say dt.strptime('%b %d %Y %I:%M%p %O', input) \
.add(hours => 12) \
.set_time_zone('America/Edmonton') \
.format_cldr('MMMM d yyyy h:mma zzz') |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Day_of_the_week | Day of the week | A company decides that whenever Xmas falls on a Sunday they will give their workers all extra paid holidays so that, together with any public holidays, workers will not have to work the following week (between the 25th of December and the first of January).
Task
In what years between 2008 and 2121 will the 25th of December be a Sunday?
Using any standard date handling libraries of your programming language;
compare the dates calculated with the output of other languages to discover any anomalies in the handling of dates which may be due to, for example, overflow in types used to represent dates/times similar to y2k type problems.
| #Modula-3 | Modula-3 | MODULE Yule EXPORTS Main;
IMPORT IO, Fmt, Date, Time;
VAR date: Date.T;
time: Time.T;
BEGIN
FOR year := 2008 TO 2121 DO
date.day := 25;
date.month := Date.Month.Dec;
date.year := year;
TRY
time := Date.ToTime(date);
EXCEPT
| Date.Error =>
IO.Put(Fmt.Int(year) & " is the last year we can specify\n");
EXIT;
END;
date := Date.FromTime(time);
IF date.weekDay = Date.WeekDay.Sun THEN
IO.Put("25th of December " & Fmt.Int(year) & " is Sunday\n");
END;
END;
END Yule. |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CUSIP | CUSIP |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at CUSIP. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
A CUSIP is a nine-character alphanumeric code that identifies a North American financial security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades. The CUSIP was adopted as an American National Standard under Accredited Standards X9.6.
Task
Ensure the last digit (i.e., the check digit) of the CUSIP code (the 1st column) is correct, against the following:
037833100 Apple Incorporated
17275R102 Cisco Systems
38259P508 Google Incorporated
594918104 Microsoft Corporation
68389X106 Oracle Corporation (incorrect)
68389X105 Oracle Corporation
Example pseudo-code below.
algorithm Cusip-Check-Digit(cusip) is
Input: an 8-character CUSIP
sum := 0
for 1 ≤ i ≤ 8 do
c := the ith character of cusip
if c is a digit then
v := numeric value of the digit c
else if c is a letter then
p := ordinal position of c in the alphabet (A=1, B=2...)
v := p + 9
else if c = "*" then
v := 36
else if c = "@" then
v := 37
else if' c = "#" then
v := 38
end if
if i is even then
v := v × 2
end if
sum := sum + int ( v div 10 ) + v mod 10
repeat
return (10 - (sum mod 10)) mod 10
end function
See related tasks
SEDOL
ISIN
| #SNOBOL4 | SNOBOL4 | #!/usr/local/bin/snobol4 -r
* cusip.sno
* -- Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures
* -r : read data placed after the end label.
* Verify check digit and size of cusip code.
define("cusipt()i") :(cusipt_end)
cusipt
chars = &digits &ucase "*@#"
cusipt = table()
i = 0
cusipt_1
chars pos(i) len(1) . c :f(return)
cusipt[c] = i
i = i + 1 :(cusipt_1)
cusipt_end
define("check_cusip(line)c,i") :(check_cusip_end)
check_cusip
eq(size(line), 9) :f(freturn)
check_cusip = 0
i = 0
check_cusip_1
line pos(i) len(1) . c
value = t[c]
value = eq(remdr(i, 2), 1) t[c] * 2
check_cusip = check_cusip + (value / 10) + remdr(value, 10)
i = lt(i, 7) i + 1 :s(check_cusip_1)
check_cusip = remdr(10 - remdr(check_cusip, 10), 10)
eq(substr(line, 9, 1), check_cusip) :s(return)f(freturn)
check_cusip_end
*** main ***
t = cusipt()
read line = input :f(end)
check_cusip(line) :f(bad_cusip)
output = line " valid." :(read)
bad_cusip
output = line " not valid." :(read)
end
037833100
17275R102
38259P508
594918104
68389X106
68389X105
68389X10
68389X1059
68389x105 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CUSIP | CUSIP |
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at CUSIP. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
A CUSIP is a nine-character alphanumeric code that identifies a North American financial security for the purposes of facilitating clearing and settlement of trades. The CUSIP was adopted as an American National Standard under Accredited Standards X9.6.
Task
Ensure the last digit (i.e., the check digit) of the CUSIP code (the 1st column) is correct, against the following:
037833100 Apple Incorporated
17275R102 Cisco Systems
38259P508 Google Incorporated
594918104 Microsoft Corporation
68389X106 Oracle Corporation (incorrect)
68389X105 Oracle Corporation
Example pseudo-code below.
algorithm Cusip-Check-Digit(cusip) is
Input: an 8-character CUSIP
sum := 0
for 1 ≤ i ≤ 8 do
c := the ith character of cusip
if c is a digit then
v := numeric value of the digit c
else if c is a letter then
p := ordinal position of c in the alphabet (A=1, B=2...)
v := p + 9
else if c = "*" then
v := 36
else if c = "@" then
v := 37
else if' c = "#" then
v := 38
end if
if i is even then
v := v × 2
end if
sum := sum + int ( v div 10 ) + v mod 10
repeat
return (10 - (sum mod 10)) mod 10
end function
See related tasks
SEDOL
ISIN
| #Swift | Swift | struct CUSIP {
var value: String
private static let alphabet = Array("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
init?(value: String) {
if value.count == 9 && String(value.last!) == CUSIP.checkDigit(cusipString: String(value.dropLast())) {
self.value = value
} else if value.count == 8, let checkDigit = CUSIP.checkDigit(cusipString: value) {
self.value = value + checkDigit
} else {
return nil
}
}
static func checkDigit(cusipString: String) -> String? {
guard cusipString.count == 8, cusipString.allSatisfy({ $0.isASCII }) else {
return nil
}
let sum = cusipString.uppercased().enumerated().reduce(0, {sum, pair in
let (i, char) = pair
var v: Int
switch char {
case "*":
v = 36
case "@":
v = 37
case "#":
v = 38
case _ where char.isNumber:
v = char.wholeNumberValue!
case _:
v = Int(char.asciiValue! - 65) + 10
}
if i & 1 == 1 {
v *= 2
}
return sum + (v / 10) + (v % 10)
})
return String((10 - (sum % 10)) % 10)
}
}
let testCases = [
"037833100",
"17275R102",
"38259P508",
"594918104",
"68389X106",
"68389X105"
]
for potentialCUSIP in testCases {
print("\(potentialCUSIP) -> ", terminator: "")
switch CUSIP(value: potentialCUSIP) {
case nil:
print("Invalid")
case _:
print("Valid")
}
} |
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