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Instead, it's greeted by your natural defences. | [
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Unfortunately for humans, Nagleria fowleri happens to be exceptionally good at generally flying under the radar of your immune system. | [
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For example, the inside of your nose is covered by mucosa, a slime filled with chemicals that kill or stun possible invaders, or alert immune cells. | [
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But Nagleria fowleri is not particularly bothered by them, and instead calmly checks out the scenery, mildly annoyed about the whole ordeal. | [
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Now, if you are unlucky, the tiny critter stumbles over something that actually sparks its interest. | [
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Your nose is filled with a large network of olfactory nerve cells that pick up molecules from the outside and transmit their information to your olfactory bulb, the centre of smell in your brain. | [
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To do their job, these cells talk to each other by releasing various messenger chemicals and recognising them via specific receptors. | [
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One of the most important of these chemicals is acetylcholine. | [
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Through sheer evolutionary bad luck, Nagleria fowleri happens to have receptors that recognise acetylcholine, and it seems to attract them irresistibly, a little like moths that are attracted by light. | [
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So as your olfactory nerve cells do their job, using plenty of acetylcholine to talk to the brain, Nagleria fowleri enters your tissue. | [
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Neutrophils, crazy suicide warriors, begin to attack the amoebae. | [
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Individually they have no chance against them, as the invaders are large and pretty buff fighters used to dealing with tough enemies. | [
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So the defenders swarm the intruders and kill them either by vomiting chemicals that punch holes into them, or by literally ripping parts of them off and devouring them. | [
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The Nagleria fowleri train is still on track, and while the neutrophil attacks slow them down, they continue to follow the olfactory nerves to their final destination, your brain. | [
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This process can take between 1 and 9 days, and you'll probably not notice anything during that time. | [
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Up to 97% of the patients infected by the amoeba share this fate. | [
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In almost all cases, by the time an infection by Naegleria Fowleri is recognized, the disastrous battle for the brain is already so far along that there is almost nothing to be done. | [
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Not only does the amoeba need to be flushed high up your nose, it also needs to get a good grip, and it also has to make its way through the first lines of your defenses. | [
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And every year, some unlucky people have to deal with it. | [
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We still have so much to learn about it, and until we find a way to treat it, Naegleria Fowleri will continue to be this vague and horrifying thing, hunting in puddles and lakes, and sometimes pools. | [
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I can't persist in the presence of awe! | [
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you can get these and many, many more amazing posters or shirts, or so many more things, in our shop. | [
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It's the best way to support what we do on this channel. | [
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It's what you're experiencing here, right now. | [
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Philosophers and scientists struggle to define consciousness. | [
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Different schools and ideas compete with one another, but no one has come close to figuring it out. | [
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It's unsettling to realize that we don't understand what makes us aware of ourselves and the world. | [
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In this fuzzy area, consciousness and intelligence are also related, although they are not the same. | [
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We'll talk in greater depth about theories of consciousness and intelligence in other videos. | [
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Like much of what makes us human, our consciousness is likely to have evolved from less complex forms as a product of evolution by natural selection. | [
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It has probably emerged from an immense, several hundred million year sequence of countless microsteps that together make up a sort of gradient of consciousness. | [
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What was the first step on this path from the non-conscious to the basic consciousness that ultimately led to the convoluted consciousness we humans enjoy today? | [
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Take a stone. | [
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Some panpsychists claim that a lump of rock may have an inner life. | [
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However, there are no real grounds for any such assumption, since stones never show behavior. | [
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Their inner life can neither be proven nor disproven. | [
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A more common starting point is with living things. | [
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A living thing or a self is a part of the universe that sustains itself and makes more of its kind. | [
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To do so, it needs energy. | [
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The original function of consciousness was probably to direct a mobile self that was short of energy to a fresh supply of food. | [
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On the smaller scales of life, you don't need to be aware to find food. | [
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Tricoplax adherens, one of the simplest of all animals, moves around haphazardly. | [
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It slows down in the presence of food and speeds up in its absence. | [
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