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He served as Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform from 2011 to 2016, Leas-Cheann Comhairle from 2007 to 2011, Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1997 to 2002, Minister for the Environment from 1994 to 1997 and Minister for Health from 1993 to 1994. |
He was a Senator from 1983 to 1987, after being nominated by the Taoiseach. |
Born into a highly political family in Wexford, Howlin is the son of John and Molly Howlin (née Dunbar), and named after Brendan Corish, the local Labour TD and future leader of the Labour Party. |
Howlin's father was a trade union official who served as secretary of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union, in Wexford, for 40 years. |
He also secured election as a Labour member of Wexford Corporation, where he served for eighteen years, and was also election agent to Brendan Corish. |
Howlin's mother was also strongly involved in local Labour politics. |
Howlin grew up in Wexford town and was educated locally at Wexford CBS. |
He later attended St Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin, and qualified as a primary school teacher. |
During his career as a teacher he was active in the Irish National Teachers' Organisation, before embarking on a career in full-time politics. |
Howlin contested his first general election at the November 1982 election. |
He ran as a Labour candidate in the Wexford constituency, despite the existence of a large left-wing vote in the area, Howlin was not elected. |
In spite of this setback, a Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition government came to power and he was nominated by the Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald to serve in Seanad Éireann as a Senator. |
Howlin secured election to Wexford County Council in 1985 and served as Mayor of Wexford in 1986. |
In 1987, the Labour Party withdrew from the coalition government and a general election was called. |
Howlin once again contested a seat in Wexford and was elected to Dáil Éireann. |
Labour were out of office as a Fianna Fáil government took office. |
In spite of his recent entry to the Dáil, Howlin was subsequently named Chief Whip of the Labour Party, a position he held until 1993. |
The 1992 general election resulted in a hung Dáil once again; however, the Labour Party enjoyed their best result to date. |
After negotiations, a Fianna Fáil-Labour Party coalition government came to office. |
Howlin joined the cabinet of Taoiseach Albert Reynolds, as Minister for Health. |
During his tenure the development of a four-year health strategy, the identifying of HIV/AIDS prevention as a priority and the securing of a £35 million investment in childcare were advanced. |
Howlin, however, was also targeted by anti-abortion groups after introducing an act which would allow information regarding abortion. |
In 1994, the Labour Party withdrew from government after a disagreement over the appointment of Attorney General Harry Whelehan as a Judge of the High Court and President of the High Court. |
No general election was called and, while it was hoped that the coalition could be revived under the new Fianna Fáil leader Bertie Ahern, the arithmetic of the Dáil now allowed the Labour Party to open discussions with other opposition parties. |
After negotiations a Rainbow Coalition came to power involving Fine Gael, Labour and Democratic Left. |
In John Bruton's cabinet, he became Minister for the Environment. |
Following the 1997 general election, a Fianna Fáil-Progressive Democrats coalition government came to power and the Labour Party returned to the opposition benches. |
In the announcement of the party's new front bench, Howlin retained responsibility for the Environment. |
In late 1997, Dick Spring resigned as leader of the Labour Party and Howlin immediately threw his hat into the ring in the subsequent leadership election. |
In a choice between Howlin and Ruairi Quinn, the former gained some early support; however, the leadership eventually went to Quinn by a significant majority. |
As a show of unity Howlin was later named deputy leader of the party and retained his brief as Spokesperson for the Environment and Local Government. |
In 2002, following Quinn's resignation as party leader after Labour's relatively unsuccessful 2002 general election campaign, Howlin again stood for the party leadership. |
For the second time in five years Howlin was defeated for the leadership of the party, this time by Pat Rabbitte, who was formerly a leading figure in Democratic Left. |
Howlin was succeeded as deputy leader by Liz McManus. |
While having been publicly supportive of Rabbitte's leadership, he was perceived as being the leader of the wing of the party which was sceptical of Rabbitte's policy with regard to future coalition with Fianna Fáil. |
Rabbitte explicitly ruled out any future coalition with Fianna Fáil, instead forming a formal alliance with Fine Gael in the run-up to the 2007 general election (the so-called "Mullingar Accord"). |
On 26 June 2007, Howlin was appointed the Leas-Cheann Comhairle (Deputy chairman) of Dáil Éireann. |
After the 2011 general election, Fine Gael and the Labour Party formed a government, Howlin was appointed to the new office of Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform. |
In May 2011, he said that over the next 20 years the number of people in Ireland over 65 is set to increase by almost half a million, a situation that could see the annual health budget soar – rising by €12.5 billion in the next decade alone. |
While reform was a major part of government attempts "to regain full sovereignty over economic policy", Howlin told a meeting of the Association of Chief Executives of State Agencies they would in any event face key "imperatives" in coming years. |
He said a new public spending review, on which he had briefed the cabinet in recent days, would not be a simple assessment of where to make cuts, but would also consider the way public sector services were delivered. |
Howlin reiterated the government's commitment not to cut public sector pay, "if the "Croke Park Agreement" works". |
"These are just some of the challenges that our society is facing in the coming decade – crisis or no crisis. |
In the good times, tackling them was going to be difficult. |
Today, in these difficult times, tackling them is going to be imperative." |
Howlin said Ireland was facing a profound and complex economic crisis "where we are fighting a battle on three fronts – mass unemployment, a major failure in banking, and a fiscal crisis". |
Budgets 2012 to 2016 - introduced in part by Brendan Howlin as Minister for Public Expenditure and supported by Labour - were described by the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) as “regressive”. |
It found “Budget 2012 involved greater proportionate losses for those on low incomes: reductions of about 2 to 2½ per cent for those with the lowest incomes, as against losses of about ¾ of a per cent for those on the highest incomes”. |
By contrast, the ESRI found earlier budgets in 2008-2010 to be “strongly progressive” because before 2011 “Losses imposed by policy changes in tax and welfare have been greatest for those on the highest incomes, and smaller for those on low incomes”. |
However, it concluded “Budget 2014 had its greatest impact – a reduction of 2 per cent – on low income groups”. |
The ESRI described Budget 2015 as having a “pattern of losses in the bottom half of the income distribution, declining as income rises, and gains in the upper reaches”, which “can clearly be described as regressive”. |
Howlin retained his seat in the Dáil following the 2016 general election, though only six of his Labour colleagues did likewise and the party returned to the opposition benches. |
Following the resignation of Joan Burton, Howlin contested the 2016 Labour Party leadership election and was elected Leader of the Labour Party on 20 May 2016. |
In March 2018, Howlin criticised Taoiseach Leo Varadkar for failing to personally invite him to accompany Varadkar as he met ambulance crews in Howlin's constituency of Wexford. |
Varadkar replied that he had been far too busy dealing with the recent weather crisis and Brexit “to organise invitations to Deputies personally in order that they [Howlin] felt included”. |
It was separately said of Howlin's complaint “It appears that the Taoiseach, the chief executive of the State, needs the imprimatur of local politicians when he enters their bailiwick, and needs to be accompanied and monitored by those same politicians while he is in their realm.” |
Howlin is a single man. |
He has spoken publicly of receiving hate mail relating to his private life and questioning his sexual orientation. |
In an interview with "The Star" during the 2002 Labour Party leadership contest, in response to repeated speculation, he announced he was "not gay". |
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Monsieur Ibrahim |
Monsieur Ibrahim (original title: Monsieur Ibrahim et les fleurs du Coran; (, "Mister Ibrahim and the Flowers of the Qur'an") is a 2003 French drama film starring Omar Sharif, and directed by François Dupeyron. |
The films is based on a book and a play by Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt. |
The film begins in a working-class neighborhood in the Paris of the 1960s. |
The main character, "Moїse Schmidt" (Momo), is a young Jewish boy growing up without a mother and with a father afflicted by crippling depression. |
Momo is fascinated by the elderly Turkish Muslim man, Ibrahim Demirci (), who runs a grocery store across the street from his apartment (where Momo often shoplifts). |
Their relationship develops and soon Momo feels closer to Ibrahim than to his father. |
Ibrahim affectionately calls Moїse Momo, and adopts him when his father leaves and commits suicide. |
Momo and Ibrahim go on a journey in their new car (a Simca Aronde Océane) to Turkey, Ibrahim's native country, where Momo learns about Ibrahim's culture. |
At the end of their adventure, Ibrahim is killed in a car crash and Momo returns to Paris to take over the shop. |
Also nominated for several awards, including the 2004 Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film. |
Jean d'Arras |
Jean d'Arras (fl. |
1392-94) was a 14th-century Northern French writer about whom little is known. |
He collaborated with Antoine du Val and Fouquart de Cambrai in putting together a collection of stories entitled "L'Évangile des quenouilles" ("The spinners' gospel"). |
The frame story is a group of ladies at their spinning who relate the current theories on a great variety of subjects. |
The work is of considerable value for the light it throws on medieval manners, and for its echoes of folklore, sometimes deeply buried under layers of Christianity. |
There were many editions of this book in the 15th and 16th centuries, one of which was printed by the early printer Wynkyn de Worde in English, as "The Gospelles of Dystaves". |
A more modern edition (Collection Jannet) had a preface by Anatole France. |
Jean d'Arras, perhaps the same, wrote at the request of John, duke of Berry, as he says in his introduction, a long prose romance variously called the "Roman de Mélusine" or the "Chronique de Melusine" part of "Le Noble Hystoire de Lusignan" ("The Noble History of the Lusignans"), in 1392-94. |
He dedicated the work to Marie of Valois, Duchess of Bar and expressed the hope that it would aid in the political education of her children. |
Leaning on perhaps mostly oral tradition surrounding the originally Celtic region of Poitou, it is one of the first literary versions of the tale of Melusine, a fairy cursed by her fairy mother to become a hybrid woman/serpent every Saturday. |
If she married a mortal man who remained faithful to her and obeyed her request never to seek her out on that day, she would gain the status of a mortal woman and enjoy salvation as a Christian. |
She guided the spectacular rise and subsequent fall of the House of Lusignan after she met the nobleman Rainmondin by a fountain in the forest, who married her and fathered ten sons on her whose exploits in the Crusades brought them fame, despite the fact that most of them carried some form of physical blemish. |
Raimondin remains faithful to his promise until he is persuaded to believe that her hiding every Saturday is an excuse for her to entertain a lover, and he spies on her in her bath. |
He doesn't betray her secret until one of their most deformed sons, Geoffrey Big-Tooth, burns down the monastery his brother Fromont has retired to. |
In despair, Raimondin curses her publicly for her demonic nature that has infected their sons, and she turns into a dragon and flies away, wailing. |
For more information consult the Wikipedia article on Melusine. |
Rock River (Mississippi River tributary) |
The Rock River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately long, in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Illinois. |
The river was known as the Sinnissippi to Sauk and Fox Indians; the name means "rocky waters". |
The river begins with three separate branches which flow into the Horicon Marsh. |
Subsets and Splits