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The northernmost branch, the West Branch, begins just to the west of the village of Brandon in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin and flows east and then south to Horicon Marsh.
The South Branch rises north of Fox Lake in Dodge County and flows east through Waupun to the marsh.
The East Branch rises southeast of Allenton in Washington County just west of the Niagara Escarpment, and flows north and west through Theresa to the marsh.
Leaving the marsh, it meanders southward to the Illinois border ending about 300 miles later at the Mississippi River at the Quad Cities in Illinois and Iowa.
During its course it passes through Watertown, collects the Crawfish River in Jefferson, and receives the Bark River at Fort Atkinson.
Shortly before merging, the Rock and Crawfish rivers cross Interstate 94.
Both rivers flood the nearby land regularly, and lanes on I-94 were temporarily closed in 2008 because of this flooding.
In northern Rock County it receives the Yahara River, and flows southward through Janesville and Beloit into northern Illinois, where it receives the Pecatonica River 5 miles (8 km) south of the state line.
It flows south through Rockford, then southwest across northwestern Illinois, picking up the Kishwaukee River, passing Oregon, Dixon, Sterling (which has the Sinnissippi Mounds national historic site and local park) and Rock Falls before joining the Mississippi at Rock Island.
It was on the Rock River in Dixon where Ronald Reagan was a lifeguard.
Reagan's favorite fishing spot, now called "Dutch Landing" after Reagan's nickname, was just southwest of Lowell Park on the Rock River.
There are 25 dams on the Rock River.
These are in Theresa (WI, 3 dams), Waupun (WI), Horicon (WI), Mayville (WI, 2 dams), Kekoskee (WI), Hustisford (WI), Watertown (WI, 2 dams), Jefferson (WI, 4 dams), Indianford (WI), Janesville (WI), Beloit (WI), Rockton (IL), Rockford Fordham (IL), Oregon (IL), Dixon (IL), Sterling / Rock Falls (IL, 2 dams), Milan (IL) and Rock Island (IL).
The river is used for various water and paddling sports.
The Rock River Water Trail is on the river from its headwaters above the Horicon National Wildlife Refuge in south central Wisconsin to the confluence with the Mississippi River at the Quad Cities of Illinois and Iowa 330 miles downriver.
It crosses five counties in Wisconsin, six counties in Illinois and runs through 37 municipalities.
The slow moving river passes scenic rural landscapes, wilderness areas and urban areas.
The first two trailheads are at Waupun County Park in Waupun, Wisconsin and Rivers Edge Park in Theresa, Wisconsin and there are 32 additional access points in Dodge County, Wisconsin.
The trail is part of the National Water Trails System and the first National Water Trail in Wisconsin and Illinois.
Rock River Park is on County Road B about a half mile west of Johnson Creek, Wisconsin in Jefferson County, Wisconsin and offers river access and an artesian spring.
Communities listed from north to south.
Back in the USA (album)
Back in the USA is the debut studio album (and second album overall, following 1969's live album "Kick Out the Jams") by American rock band MC5.
The central focus of the album is the band's movement away from the raw, thrashy sound pioneered and captured on their first release, the live album "Kick Out the Jams" (1969).
This was due in part to producer Jon Landau's distaste for the rough psychedelic rock movement, and his adoration for the straightforward rock and roll of the 1950s.
Landau, who originally wrote for "Rolling Stone" magazine, was looking to get more involved in actual music production.
Becoming close with Atlantic Records executive Jerry Wexler was his chance and led Landau to the politically radical MC5, who had just been picked up by Atlantic after being dropped from Elektra Records in 1969 – the Kinney National Company (later known as Time Warner), parent of Atlantic, acquired Elektra in the same year of this album's release; both labels are now part of the Warner Music Group (now a separate company from TW), through the Atlantic Records Group.
The opening track is a cover of the classic hit "Tutti Frutti" by Little Richard.
"Let Me Try" is a ballad.
"The American Ruse" attacks what the Detroit quintet saw as the hypocritical idea of freedom espoused by the US government, and "The Human Being Lawnmower" expresses opposition to the US involvement in the Vietnam War.
The last song on the album, which is the title track, is a cover of Chuck Berry's 1959 single "Back in the U.S.A."
Though the album was viewed as a flop early on by most fans, and lacked the commercial success of their previous release, it would later be considered highly important due to the album's absolute projection of MC5's core sound and earliest influences.
In his retrospective review, Jason Ankeny of AllMusic wrote, "While lacking the monumental impact of "Kick Out the Jams", the MC5's second album is in many regards their best and most influential".
In 2012, the album was ranked number 446 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.
NME listed the album as number 490 on their list.
Jason Ankeny of AllMusic commented that "[the album's] lean, edgy sound anticipat[ed] the emergence of both the punk and power pop movements to follow later in the decade."
Rod Donald
Rodney David "Rod" Donald (10 October 1957 – 6 November 2005), was a New Zealand politician who co-led the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, along with Jeanette Fitzsimons.
He lived in Christchurch with his partner Nicola Shirlaw, and their three daughters.
Donald held Values Party membership from 1974 to 1979 and then Labour Party membership from 1982 to 1988.
On becoming national spokesperson of the impartial Electoral Reform Coalition from 1989 to 1993 he had to resign his party membership.
After the success of the MMP referendum at the 1993 election he joined the Green Party in February 1994.
After he became co-leader of the Greens in 1995, voters first elected him to Parliament in the 1996 election as an Alliance list MP.
The Green Party left the Alliance to stand alone in the 1999 election.
He entered the 1999 parliament as number two on the Greens' party list.
He retained his list seat in the 2002 and 2005 elections.
For many years Donald had a special interest in electoral reform in New Zealand.
From 1989 to 1993 he served as spokesperson for the Electoral Reform Coalition during the campaign that led to the introduction of mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation.
Subsequently, he played a major part in getting legislation passed to allow STV voting in local body elections in New Zealand.
Co-leader Jeanette Fitzsimons described MMP as Donald's greatest legacy.
He also served as the Green Party spokesperson on Buy Kiwi Made, commerce, electoral reform, finance and revenue, land information, regional development and small business, superannuation, sustainable economics, state services, statistics, tourism, trade, and waste.
Shortly after midnight on 6 November 2005, the day before his scheduled swearing-in for his fourth term in Parliament, he died suddenly at his Christchurch home after suffering for a few days from "Campylobacter jejuni" food poisoning from an unknown source.
An autopsy initially ruled out a heart attack, but subsequent test-results determined that death resulted from an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), which is a very rare consequence of "C. jejuni" infection.
He was 48 years old.
His funeral, which took place at the Cathedral of ChristChurch, was attended by over 1,000 people.
His casket arrived on board an electric bus and his wake took place at the adjacent Warner's Hotel.
The Parliament showed its respect for Donald by suspending a day of business, and a minute of silence was observed in the House of Representatives.
Graded potential
Graded potentials are changes in membrane potential that vary in size, as opposed to being all-or-none.
They include diverse potentials such as receptor potentials, electrotonic potentials, subthreshold membrane potential oscillations, slow-wave potential, pacemaker potentials, and synaptic potentials, which scale with the magnitude of the stimulus.
They arise from the summation of the individual actions of ligand-gated ion channel proteins, and decrease over time and space.
They do not typically involve voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels.
These impulses are incremental and may be excitatory or inhibitory.
They occur at the postsynaptic dendrite in response to presynaptic neuron firing and release of neurotransmitter, or may occur in skeletal, smooth, or cardiac muscle in response to nerve input.
The magnitude of a graded potential is determined by the strength of the stimulus.
Graded potentials that make the membrane potential less negative or more positive, thus making the postsynaptic cell more likely to have an action potential, are called excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs).
Depolarizing local potentials sum together, and if the voltage reaches the threshold potential, an action potential occurs in that cell.
EPSPs are caused by the influx of Na or Ca from the extracellular space into the neuron or muscle cell.
When the presynaptic neuron has an action potential, Ca enters the axon terminal via voltage-dependent calcium channels and causes exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, causing neurotransmitter to be released.
The transmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and activates ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the EPSP.
The amplitude of the EPSP is directly proportional to the number of synaptic vesicles that were released.
If the EPSP is not large enough to trigger an action potential, the membrane subsequently repolarizes to its resting membrane potential.
This shows the temporary and reversible nature of graded potentials.
Graded potentials that make the membrane potential more negative, and make the postsynaptic cell less likely to have an action potential, are called inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSPs).
Hyperpolarization of membranes is caused by influx of Cl or efflux of K. As with EPSPs, the amplitude of the IPSP is directly proportional to the number of synaptic vesicles that were released.
The resting membrane potential is usually around –70 mV.
The typical neuron has a threshold potential ranging from –40 mV to –55 mV.
Temporal summation occurs when graded potentials within the postsynaptic cell occur so rapidly that they build on each other before the previous ones fade.
Spatial summation occurs when postsynaptic potentials from adjacent synapses on the cell occur simultaneously and add together.
An action potential occurs when the summated EPSPs, minus the summated IPSPs, in an area of membrane reach the cell's threshold potential.
Relative
Relative may refer to:
Relative is a term used in physics, and especially in Galilean, special and general relativity, to denote that something is dependent on a reference frame, or that it is taken specifically in a given reference frame ("its velocity relative to the cow is 15.5m/s", "time and Space are relative, not fixed")
In God We Trust, Inc.
In God We Trust, Inc. is a hardcore punk EP by the Dead Kennedys and the first of the group's albums with drummer D.H. Peligro.
The record is a screed against things ranging from organized religion and Neo-Nazis, to the pesticide Kepone and government indifference that worsened the effects of Minamata disease catastrophes.
"In God We Trust, Inc." is also the first Dead Kennedys album released after the presidential election of Ronald Reagan and features the band's first references to Reagan, for which they—and hardcore punk as a genre—would become notorious.
During 1980 and 1981 the American punk scene saw an influx of 7" EPs from Washington D.C.'s Dischord Records from bands like Minor Threat and Teen Idles.
These little high-tempo records packed in as many as 10 songs each and helped define the 1980s genre of hardcore punk.
In wanting to pay tribute to this faster form of punk rock, and to showcase the talents of their new drummer D.H. Peligro, the Dead Kennedys put together some new material and amped up a few songs that had only been heard on their 1978 demo and in early live shows.
These songs became the basis for "In God We Trust, Inc." Keeping with the rough-hewn style of D.C. hardcore, bits of tape leads announcing the take number and including drumstick clicks and count-offs precede many of the record's songs.
Much of the material on the EP was left over from earlier in the Dead Kennedys' career.
Second guitarist 6025, who'd left the band in 1979, wrote the lead track, "Religious Vomit".
The song "Kepone Factory" is a reworking of "Kepone Kids", which appeared on the group's 1978 demo tape.
Alternate versions of "Moral Majority" and "Nazi Punks Fuck Off" were on a single packaged with an anti-fascist armband.
"We've Got a Bigger Problem Now" is a rewritten version of the band's early single "California Über Alles".
Originally a dig at California governor Jerry Brown, the band reworked the song to be about newly elected president Ronald Reagan and added an element of lounge music in contrast with the fast-tempo hardcore punk music on the rest of the record.
The EP closes with a cover of the theme from the 1960s TV show "Rawhide".
The Dead Kennedys entered tiny Subterranean Studios to record eight songs on June 19, 1981.
All tracks were recorded live without overdubs to ½" 8-track reel and with the band determining some of the songs' arrangements between takes.