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Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
Q: The Anti-Chain-Store Act made its regulations on price and other forms of discrimination more easily enforced and section 7's prohibition on one firm acquiring another's stock when it would reduce competition was solidified by the Celler-Kefauver Act. It legitimized boycotts and non-violent strikes and protests against companies and allowed unions and agricultural companies to have directorates worth more than $1,000,000, though such directorates were prohibited in other industries and forbade cutting prices in only certain regions in order to destroy competitors. For 10 points, name this antitrust act passed in 1914, which augmented the Sherman antitrust act.
A: | History | fc-sni-qanta | 0 | 4e879b74b3fd8fcf0e8156dffc1dd36c241b7f1d000d01158a90c0c26791f85f |
TASK DEFINITION: Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.
PROBLEM: Why did er when did the Syrian Civil War begin?
SOLUTION: When did the Syrian Civil War begin?
PROBLEM: Which no what is Warsaw's symbol?
SOLUTION: What is Warsaw's symbol?
PROBLEM: The bill is submitted to the um whom before it is ruled no passed?
SOLUTION: | The bill is submitted to whom before it is passed? | fc-sni-disfl_qa | 0 | 6158be8e0d21f3a05bf39a531930574e8c9a7f08eefcafb2c9714bdf7d116072 |
You are shown a conversation between a user and system. Identify who has spoken the indicated sentence based on the conversation.
One example is below.
Q: Sentence1:i need a place to dine in the center thats expensive Sentence2: I have several options for you; do you prefer African, Asian, or British food? Sentence3: Any sort of food would be fine, as long as it is a bit expensive. Could I get the phone number for your recommendation?Question: Who has spoken the sentence 2? (A) User (B) System
A: Answer: (A) User
Rationale: The sentence 1 is said by a user because the intent of it says that the information has to be gathered from the system
Q: Sentence1: Sure. Acorn Guest House is on 154 Chesterton Road. Can I help you with anything else? Sentence2: I need a moderate place to eat, same area as my hotel. Sentence3: Could I please have the address? Sentence4: There is a Chinese restaurant, as well as an Indian restaurant, in that area. Which do you prefer? Sentence5: You're welcome. Good-bye. Sentence6: Can I have the address for the Indian restaurant? Sentence7: I have several guesthouses available. Would the acorn guest house work for you? Sentence8: The address for the Indian restaurant is 7 Milton Road Chesterton. Do you need anything else? Sentence9: Does that have free wifi? Sentence10: No, that is all I need today. Thank you for all your help! Sentence11: Yes, they offer free internet and parking. Would you like to book a room? Sentence12: The address for the Golden Wok Chinese restaurant is 191 Histon Road Chesterton. Is there anything else I can help you with? Sentence13: Can I have the address for the Chinese place? Sentence14: Hello, I need to find a place to stay for the night. I'd rather be in the north than the city centre, and I'm willing to pay a moderate sum. Question: Who has spoken the sentence 7? (A) User (B) System
A: | Answer: (B) System | fc-sni-multi_woz_v22 | 0 | 0125b16bba5a73bd20d969edc23f55ab700ab337170d0c39e253e6f350d62bdb |
Q: You are given a dialog between 2 or more individuals. Within the dialog, there will be clues as to the names of the speakers. You will be asked at the end of the dialog to identify the name of one of the speakers.
Speaker 1: Hey.
Speaker 2: Heeeeey, where have you been? What happened to you?
Speaker 1: Ah I had a little thing with Joey, if you think this is bad you should see him.
Speaker 2: Oh no Ross! This is not good, we have to talk about this Joey thing. Please sit. You have got to get over this Joey thing, OK? I never really wanted to marry Joey, OK?
Speaker 1: OK.
Speaker 2: You know what I really really want?
Speaker 1: What, Rach?
Speaker 2: I wanna sleep, I wanna eat, I wanna take a shower, I mean before she wakes up and we gotta do this all over again.
Speaker 1: Right
Speaker 2: I mean I got news for you mister, Emma's not easy.
Speaker 1: Well, that's what I'm here for. Want me to get that?
Speaker 2: No its really OK? Monica!
Speaker 3: Got it! Got it! Got it! Got it! Got it! Got it! What is the name or nickname of
Speaker 2?
A: | Rach | fc-sni-dialogre | 0 | a21eeed813df3c30419ff62c3fab101559a9c13c029ad23ab16516d0ff010a64 |
TASK DEFINITION: You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review.
PROBLEM: I don't know. Maybe I'm just not putting the right "yummy goodness" inside. This toy, though durable and a novel idea, doesn't hold either of my dogs' interest. Not even our beagle (who tells everyone she's STARVING and we NEVER feed her... EVER!) seems to be interested in this for any length of time.
SOLUTION: Negative
PROBLEM: I fed this to my Golden Retriever and he hated it. He wouldn't eat it, and when he did, it gave him terrible diarrhea. We will not be buying this again. It's also super expensive.
SOLUTION: Negative
PROBLEM: I'm going to have to go against everyone else's reviews here so far, because I found this rice to be both dry and very bland. It's certainly not delicious, and I was extremely disappointed, particularly because I bought it on the strength of the other reviews here. For those curious, I made this in my Zojirushi (made in Japan) rice cooker, which makes perfect rice every time. On the plus side, it certainly is healthy, and other people seem to like it, but I didn't at all.
SOLUTION: | Negative | fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews | 0 | ac254bc41928343aed3a1c4bb871f08a128c8145e3152d4d28f4ca8909af66e7 |
Definition: In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage.
Input: One never forgets his first love as we are reminded by the film opening sentence 'Love is so short and forgetting is so long' quotation from a poem by Pablo Neruda and as the poster of the movie reminds us: Only art can turn pain into beauty.Shy, closeted and nerdy young artist Danny (Tye Olson) is befriended by golden boy swimming champion Carter (Kyle Clare) when family circumstances bring them together for a night. Danny helps the troubled Carter in school, while the brash and sexy yet troubled Carter works hard to hide his drug problems, history of seizures and the painful relationship he has with his unsympathetic, recovering alcoholic father. Their blossoming relationship brings Danny out of his shell, awakening both his passion for art and burgeoning gay sexuality.Watercolors is framed by scenes of Danny as an adult. He's a successful artist, but his boyfriend is bothered that he can't seem to get over his high school first love. He argues that a live person can't compete with a glorified memory, showing that the lasting memory of a first love is potentially toxic.
Output: | Question: Who is Danny's first love?, Answer: Carter | fc-sni-duorc | 0 | 77855d43bcfcb097c253d2c194bcfbdf5b6762cf773ca173931b01e9f8537e83 |
Detailed Instructions: You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review.
Q: I ordered a 50 pack of these k-cup and the coffee it self probly good but the seal on everyone of them breaks during brewing and every cup is full of grounds.. ugh and there not returnable !!!!!
A: | Negative | fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews | 0 | fb24e2eaa0ecad5fc32d5ab8ca03e88ff1ce17d225fdc77f0aa428e088590bac |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.
We propose the first multistage intervention framework that tackles fake news in social networks by combining reinforcement learning with a point process network activity model. The spread of fake news and mitigation events within the network is modeled by a multivariate Hawkes process with additional exogenous control terms. By choosing a feature representation of states, defining mitigation actions and constructing reward functions to measure the effectiveness of mitigation activities, we map the problem of fake news mitigation into the reinforcement learning framework. We develop a policy iteration method unique to the multivariate networked point process, with the goal of optimizing the actions for maximal total reward under budget constraints. Our method shows promising performance in real-time intervention experiments on a Twitter network to mitigate a surrogate fake news campaign, and outperforms alternatives on synthetic datasets.
Output: | Fake News Mitigation via Point Process Based Intervention | fc-sni-peer_read | 0 | 3b9e03a93ade75a40a83ea3d96fb61cd769516e98f37310eef704a957f7c7557 |
In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
Q: ('filoviruses') that cause severe hemorrhagic fever with human case fatality rates of up to 90%. Filovirus infection requires fusion of the host cell and virus membranes, a process that is mediated by the envelope glycoprotein (GP). GP contains two subunits, the surface subunit (GP1), which is responsible for cell attachment, and the transmembrane subunit (GP2), which catalyzes membrane fusion. The GP2 ectodomain contains two heptad repeat regions, N-terminal and C-terminal (NHR and CHR, respectively) that adopt a six-helix bundle during the fusion process. The refolding of this six-helix bundle provides the thermodynamic driving force to overcome barriers associated with membrane fusion. Here we report the crystal structure of the MARV GP2 core domain in its post-fusion (six-helix bundle) conformation at 1.9 A resolution. The MARV GP2 core domain backbone conformation is virtually identical to that of EBOV GP2 (reported previously), and consists of a central NHR core trimeric coiled-coil packed against peripheral CHR -helices and an intervening loop/helix-turn-helix segment. We previously reported that the stability of the MARV GP2 post-fusion structure is highly pH-dependent, with increasing stability at lower pH [Harrison, J.S.; Koellhoffer, J. K.; Chandran, K.; and Lai, J. R. Biochemistry, 2012Biochemistry, , 51, 2515Biochemistry, -2525. We hypothesized that this pH-dependent stability provides a mechanism for conformational control such that the post-fusion six helix bundle is promoted in the environments of appropriately matured endosomes. In this report, a structural rationale for this pH-dependent stability is described, and involves a high-density array of core and surface acidic side chains at the midsection of the structure, termed the 'anion stripe.' In addition, many surface-exposed salt bridges likely contribute to stabilizing the post-fusion structure at low pH. These results provide structural insights into the mechanism of MARV GP2-mediated membrane fusion.
A: Crystal Structure of the Marburg Virus GP2 Core Domain in its Post-Fusion Conformation
****
Q: A potent immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) is known to inhibit human cell infection by the pathogenic protozoan parasite Leishmania major both in vitro and in vivo. The proposed mechanism of action involves CsA binding to Leishmania major-expressed cyclophilin and subsequent down-regulation of signaling events necessary for establishing productive infection. Recently, we identified a ubiquitously expressed membrane protein, CD147, as a signaling receptor for extracellular cyclophilins in mammalian cells. Here we demonstrate that, while being enzymatically active, the Leishmania cyclophilin, unlike its human homologue, does not interact with CD147 on the cell surface of target cells. CD147 facilitates neither Leishmania binding nor infection. Primary structure and biochemical analyses revealed that the parasite's cyclophilin is defective in heparan binding, an event required for signaling interaction between CD147 and human cyclophilin. When the heparan-binding motif was reconstituted in Leishmania cyclophilin, it regained the CD147-dependent signaling activity. These results underscore a critical role of cyclophilinheparan interactions in CD147-mediated signaling events and argue against the role of Leishmania cyclophilin in parasite binding to target cells.
A: Functional analysis of Leishmania major cyclophilin
****
Q: A defective-interfering (DI) RNA of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) was developed as a vector for expressing MHV hemagglutinin/esterase (HE) protein. The virus containing an expressed HE protein (A59-DE-HE) was generated by infecting cells with MHV-A59, which does not express HE, and transfecting the in vitro-transcribed DI RNA containing the HE gene. A similar virus (A59-DE-CAT) expressing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was used as a control. These viruses were inoculated intracerebrally into mice, and the role of the HE protein in viral pathogenesis was evaluated. Results showed that all mice infected with parental A59 or A59-DE-CAT succumbed to infection by 9 days postinfection (p.i.), demonstrating that inclusion of the DI did not by itself alter pathogenesis. In contrast, 60% of mice infected with A59-DE-HE survived infection. HE-or CAT-specific subgenomic mRNAs were detected in the brains at days 1 and 2 p.i. but not later, indicating that the genes in the DI vector were expressed only in the early stage of viral infection. No significant difference in virus titer or viral antigen expression in brains was observed between A59-DE-HEand A59-DE-CAT-infected mice, suggesting that virus replication in brain was not affected by the expression of HE. However, at day 3 p.i. there was a slight increase in the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration in the brains of the A59-DE-HE-infected mice. Surprisingly, virus titers in the livers of A59-DE-HE-infected mice were 3 log 10 lower than that of the A59-DE-CAT-infected mice at day 6 p.i. Also, substantially less necrosis and viral antigen were detected in the livers of the A59-DE-HE-infected mice. This may account for the reduced mortality of these mice. The possible contribution of the host immune system to this difference in pathogenesis was analyzed by comparing the expression of four cytokines. Results showed that both tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-6 mRNAs increased in the brains of the A59-DE-HE-infected mice at day 2 p.i., whereas interferon- and interleukin-1 mRNAs were similar between A59-DE-HE-and A59-DE-CAT-infected mice. These data suggest that the transient expression of HE protein enhances an early innate immune response, possibly contributing to the eventual clearance of virus from the liver. This study indicates the feasibility of the DI expression system for studying roles of viral proteins during MHV infection.
A: | Expression of Hemagglutinin/Esterase by a Mouse Hepatitis Virus Coronavirus DefectiveInterfering RNA Alters Viral Pathogenesis
**** | fc-sni-coda_19 | 0 | 255de7eca0343f7cde4034fd0561ae7156fb8e30be9168ab6f218bfa6ec1657d |
Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any.
[Q]: original question: Which Olympic demonstration competition was held at [1992 Winter Olympics]?
answer: curling at the 1992 winter olympics - women
answer type: Olympic demonstration competition.
auxiliary information: The 1992 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 8 to 23 February 1992 in Albertville, France. They were the last Winter Olympics to be held the same year as the Summer Olympics, and the first where the Winter Paralympics were held at the same site. Albertville was selected as host in 1986, beating Sofia, Falun, Lillehammer, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Anchorage and Berchtesgaden. The games were the third Winter Olympics held in France, after Chamonix in 1924 and Grenoble in 1968, and the fifth Olympics overall in the country. Only some of the skating and the opening and closing ceremonies took place in Albertville, while the rest of the events took place in the villages of Courchevel, La Plagne, Les Arcs, Les Menuires, Les Saisies, Meribel, Pralognan-la-Vanoise, Tignes and Val d'Isere. Sixty-four nations with 1,801 athletes participated in the games, including the Unified Team which represented non-Baltic former Soviet republics. Germany participated as a unified team, while five newly independent European countries debuted, as did six "warm-weather" countries.
[A]: What was the Olympic demonstration competition that happened during the [1992 Winter Olympics]?
[Q]: original question: Which live album contains the concert of [Ellie Goulding + Laura Welsh]?
answer: itunes festival: london 2013, itunes festival: london 2013
answer type: Live Album.
[A]: What is the name of the live album that has the [Ellie Goulding + Laura Welsh] concert on it?
[Q]: original question: What is the type of the glacier where [Leo Mustonen] died?
answer: mountain glacier
answer type: Glacier type.
auxiliary information: Leo Mustonen was a Finnish-American World War II Army Air Corps aviation cadet who was reported missing after a plane crash on November 18, 1942 until his frozen remains were found in October 2005 on the surface of the Mendel Glacier in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, 63 years later. He was 22 at the time of his death. Mustonen's aircraft, a Beech 18 AT-7 Navigator #41-21079 was based at Mather Field in Sacramento, California. It was on a navigation training mission when it disappeared. It was piloted by 2nd Lt. William Gamber. In 1947, four UC Berkeley students found the wreck. One of the students guided an air-sea recovery team from Hamilton Field in Marin County, California, to the wreck site in late September, 1947. Engine identification tags confirmed that the plane wreckage belonged to #41-21079. No bodies were recovered. In 1948, a team of soldiers from Ft. Lewis in Washington returned to the glacier but were also unable to recover any remains. In August, 2007, the body of another cadet was discovered by Peter Stekel, an author conducting research for a book about the four aviators and the disappearance of their airplane.
[A]: | [Leo Mustonen] died on what type of glacier? | fc-sni-grailqa | 0 | 1643d8f5103e1e91a956085de624a75c1a437d60777d1794e45b257f10df3af2 |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information.
Input: What type of panther is this fictional character in Rudyard Kipling's Mowgli stories in the "Jungle Book" that along with Baloo save Mowgli from Shere Khan?
Output: | black panther | fc-sni-hotpotqa | 0 | 92a528e7ed72aa0ea4fce19f4f6b7da1ac3615911643056c449d97c17ea010bb |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given reviews from Amazon, classify those review based on their content into two classes: Negative or Positive.
Example: I've read this book with much expectation, it was very boring all through out the book
Output: Negative
Review writer does not like the book because it was boring, therefore it is a negative review.
New input case for you: Please ignore the immature high-school student reviews and understand that this book is a masterpiece. Hardy analyzes the relationship between human desire and society's mores to an unprecendented degree. The characters are multi-faceted and very life-like. Hardly aptly avoids the mistake of creating mere carciatures of the pure woman, idealistic intellectual, and spoiled playboy. Moreover, his use of religious allusion is excellent although this may alienate the modern, secular reader. And perhaps this is the problem with some readers. Finally, Tess is an admirable and strong woman who had difficult circumstances. How many people would act as admirably in her circumstance? Not many! The reviewers that criticize her actions should realize this and that they ignore one of Hardy's key points: Don't be so judgemental! This is one of the best books I have read and believe me, I have read a lot of the "good" books.
Output: | Positive | fc-sni-amazon_polarity | 0 | bb90372e914f8c58d0518e3cd8b274fc0266ac5a9886e32a9a680c6fe0fe8d71 |
In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.
[EX Q]: Question: What was the lithography previous to 45 nm? Passage 1:In 2000, Parrish was featured in Disney's live-action television film based on the Pinocchio story, Geppetto, portraying the role of Natalie. She then went on to appear as Vanessa in The WB's short-lived sitcom The O'Keefes. Parrish also appeared in shows and made-for-television films on the Disney Channel, and also guest starred in Fox's sitcom The Bernie Mac Show, Nickelodeon's children's comedy-drama series Zoey 101, and Fox's teen drama series The O.C.. Parrish then portrayed Bratz member Jade in the 2007 live-action film Bratz. The role was her first in a motion picture, as well as her first starring role. In May 2007, shortly before the release of Bratz, she was signed to the William Morris Agency. She then landed a recurring role in the NBC supernatural drama series Heroes.
Passage 2:Somuncu Baba is one of the virtuous men who came to Anadolu for spiritual conquest, he was also a descendant of Islamic prophet Muhammad After receiving an education in cities which are the center of knowledge like Sam, Tabriz, Erdebil, he settled in Bursa for his guidance and duty. He taught at the Bursa Grand Mosque where he was installed by Sultan Bayezid I after it was completed. For hiding his spiritual side, he baked bread and sold them so he was known as Somuncu Baba. He became known after he had translated the sura of Al-Fatiha, in seven different ways during the opening of Bursa Grand Mosque, in Bursa. He avoided becoming famous so he left Bursa and moved Aksaray. He left his son Yusuf Hakiki Baba in Aksaray and he went to Mecca with his son Halil Taybi when they got back to Anadolu they settled in Darende and he died here in 1412. His tomb is still in Darende.
Passage 3:The Intel Core microarchitecture (previously known as the Next-Generation Micro-Architecture) is a multi-core processor microarchitecture unveiled by Intel in Q1 2006. It is based on the Yonah processor design and can be considered an iteration of the P6 microarchitecture introduced in 1995 with Pentium Pro. High power consumption and heat intensity, the resulting inability to effectively increase clock speed, and other shortcomings such as an inefficient pipeline were the primary reasons why Intel abandoned the NetBurst microarchitecture and switched to a completely different architectural design, delivering high efficiency through a small pipeline rather than high clock speeds. The Core microarchitecture initially did not reached the clock speeds of the NetBurst microarchitecture, even after moving to 45nm lithography. However after many generations of successor microarchitectures which used Core as their basis (such as Nehalem, Sandy Bridge and more), Intel managed to eventually surpass the clock speeds of Netburst with the Devil's Canyon (Improved version of Haswell) microarchitecture reaching a base frequency of 4 GHz and a maximum tested frequency of 4.4 GHz using 22nm lithography.
[EX A]: 3
[EX Q]: Question: Approximately how many years did the Second Bulgarian Empire rule Romania? Passage 1:Brandi Younger better known as Gripsta, is an Oakland, California born female rap artist/actress discovered by Ice-T at the age of 13. She was featured on song titled "Funky Gripsta" off of his 1993 album release Home Invasion and later signed to Tuff Break/A&M Records in the 1990s. Her debut single "Pop Goz the 9" was partially leaked in January 1994, its music video was directed by Ice-T. However Gripsta's debut single was never officially released. The Tuff Break label on A&M records was dropped before her scheduled release date. She was later featured on The Seventh Deadly Sin, Ice-T's 7th album, Released: October 12, 1999 as well as numerous features on record label Def Jam's The Murda Squad album. She worked with many artists under that association including South Central Cartel, Spice One and Sh'killa. Gripsta was also featured in a principal role in the movie Dangerous Minds in which she played one of the many troubled teens that actress Michelle Pfeiffer sought to reform. Other acting credits include a guest star appearance in the "Leaving the Life" episode of the CBS television show Promised Land, a semi popular spin-off of CBS more successful show Touched by an Angel. Gripsta has since changed her name to 'Egypt'.
Passage 2:Relations between the people of Afghanistan and India traces to the Indus Valley Civilisation. Following Alexander the Great's brief occupation, the successor state of the Seleucid Empire controlled the region known today as Afghanistan. In 305 BCE, they ceded much of it to the Indian Maurya Empire as part of an alliance treaty. The Mauryans brought Buddhism from India and controlled the area south of the Hindu Kush. Their decline began 60 years after Ashoka's rule ended, leading to the Hellenistic reconquest of the region by the Greco-Bactrians. Much of it soon broke away from the Greco-Bactrians and became part of the Indo-Greek Kingdom. The Indo-Greeks had been defeated and expelled by the Indo-Scythians in the late 2nd century BCE. Much of Afghanistan has been influenced by Buddhist, Hindu and Zoroastrian cultures until the arrival of Islam in the 7th century. But despite many Afghans converting to Islam, the Muslims and Hindus lived side by side.
Passage 3:There is evidence that the Second Bulgarian Empire ruled at least nominally the Wallachian lands up to the RucarBran corridor as late as the late 14th century. In a charter by Radu I, the Wallachian voivode requests that tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria order his customs officers at Rucar and the Dambovita River bridge to collect tax following the law. The presence of Bulgarian customs officers at the Carpathians indicates a Bulgarian suzerainty over those lands, though Radu's imperative tone hints at a strong and increasing Wallachian autonomy. Under Radu I and his successor Dan I, the realms in Transylvania and Severin continued to be disputed with Hungary. Basarab was succeeded by Nicholas Alexander, followed by Vladislav I. Vladislav attacked Transylvania after Louis I occupied lands south of the Danube, conceded to recognize him as overlord in 1368, but rebelled again in the same year; his rule also witnessed the first confrontation between Wallachia and the Ottoman Empire (a battle in which Vladislav was allied with Ivan Shishman). After the Magyar conquest (10-11th century), Transylvania had become an autonomous and multi-ethnic voivodeship led by a voivode appointed by the King of Hungary until the 16th century. Several Kings of Hungary invited settlers from Central and Western Europe, such as the Saxons, to come to Transylvania and occupy the region. The Szeklers were brought to southeastern Transylvania as border guards. Romanians are mentioned by the Hungarian documents (township called Olahteluk) in the 13th century (1283) in Bihar County. The "land of Romanians" (Terram Blacorum) appeared in Fogaras, and this area was mentioned under the name "Olachi" in 1285. After the collapse of the Hungarian Kingdom (following the disastrous Battle of Mohacs, 1526) the region became the independent Principality of Transylvania until 1711.
[EX A]: 3
[EX Q]: Question: Which two teams played in the 1981 NCAA tournament championship game? Passage 1:In 2013, Willis co-presented the ITV game show Prize Island with Alexander Armstrong. In 2015, Willis was a team captain on the six-part ITV2 comedy panel show Reality Bites, hosted by Stephen Mulhern. On 2 July 2015, it was announced that Willis would present a new three-part series for ITV called What Would Be Your Miracle, about modern miracles. The series began on 28 April 2016. In January 2017, The Voice UK moved from BBC One to ITV. It was confirmed on 9 June 2016 that Willis would present the series after co-hosting three previous series on the BBC. She also presented two series of The Voice Kids on ITV since 2017. In 2017, she presented The BRITs Are Coming live on ITV. She co-presented the 2017 BRIT Awards in February alongside Dermot O'Leary. She hosted The BRITs Are Coming for a second year in 2018. She presented Your Song in 2017, a one-off special for ITV.
Passage 2:In 1950, Admiral Arthur W. Radford, Commander-in-Chief of the United States Pacific Fleet, envisioned an naval base in the Western Pacific to enhance Seventh Fleet capabilities. The Korean War began and the Navy realized it had a need for an air station in the region. Cubi Point in the Philippines was selected, and civilian contractors were initially approached for the project. After seeing the Zambales Mountains and the surrounding jungle, they claimed it could not be done. The U.S. Navy then turned to the Seabees and was told no problem, Can do. The first Seabees to arrive were surveyors of Construction Battalion Detachment 1802. Moblie Comstruction Battalion 3 arrived on 2 October 1951 to get the project going and was joined by MCB 5 in November. Over the next five years, MCBs 2, 7, 9, 11 and CBD 1803 also contributed to the effort. They leveled a mountain to make way for a nearly runway. NAS Cubi Point turned out to be one of the largest earth-moving projects in the world, equivalent to the construction of the Panama Canal. Seabees there moved of dry fill plus another 15 million that was hydraulic fill. The $100million facility was commissioned on 25 July 1956, and comprised an air station with an adjacent pier capable of docking the Navy's largest carriers. Adjusted-for-inflation, today's price-tag for what the Seabees built at Cubi Point would be $906,871,323.53. After decades of use by American forces, Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991, burying Cubi Point in 18-36 inches of ash. Despite this, the American government wished to keep the Subic Naval Base and signed a treaty with the Philippine government. The treaty was not ratified, however, failing by a slim margin in the Philippine Senate. Attempts to negotiate a new treaty were soon abandoned and the United States was informed that it was to withdraw within one year. U.S. forces withdrew in November 1992, turning over the facility with its airport to the Philippine government.
Passage 3:The Tigers improved again in the 19801981 season. In fact, it would be the winningest year in LSU history. This year, Dale Brown took his team to the Final Four, the second in LSU history, and the first of the Dale Brown era. The team finished 315 (most wins in the nation) and won the conference championship with a 171 record. The team also set a school record winning 26 straight games, including its first 17 conference games and the only SEC team to ever win 17 consecutive league games in the same season with only a loss to powerhouse Kentucky in Rupp Arena stopping LSU from becoming the only team to complete an 18-game SEC slate with an unblemished mark. Rudy Macklin was an All-American, as well as First Team All SEC. Ethan Martin also made First Team All SEC, and Howard Carter made the Second Team. LSU advanced to the Final Four by beating Wichita State 9685 in the Elite 8 round of the 1981 NCAA tournament, played in front of home-state fans in the Louisiana Superdome. To reach the regional final, LSU defeated future SEC rival Arkansas, coached at the time by Eddie Sutton, who would tangle with Brown for four seasons at Kentucky.
[EX A]: | 3 | fc-sni-iirc | 0 | 0b51e30c0a724ee272e5e50189bafd7bd145ba85ad3711ae9de707387b89dad3 |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, the input is a set of dialogues between a user and an assistant. You need to find the dialogue that is basically a response given to a question or an aspect of the user.
Q: Oh interesting. now I would like information about their history.
Thank you for all the information you gave me.
Your very welcome have wonderful evening.
Swedish companies export weapons that were used by Americans military in Iraq.
Do you have any information about wars in Sweden?
A: | Swedish companies export weapons that were used by Americans military in Iraq. | fc-sni-curiosity_dialogs | 0 | 70c06df96f7d94e008ff304ff08b4cc6a3ddcef31ccbac08cf615d7e82323e39 |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review.
I purchased this while out of town. We used it a couple of times, but never for biscuits. I did make pancakes out of it and they were pretty good. Always use milk and butter. They are a bit heavy and have a slight slimy sense to them, but are significantly better than a lot of stuff out there. I did also use it to thicken some gravy and it was fabulous for that. I used it for breading for chicken nuggets as well and it was good. I would like to try this again for pancakes, and make some biscuits before I make a final decision on it.
Output: | Positive | fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews | 0 | 239b45fec6e788b0f37ecee4f995e409dc67846f29382cbcd36431049095f768 |
In this task you will be given a list of strings and you need to concatenate them.
[EX Q]: ['H', 'broken-hearted;', 'X']
[EX A]: Hbroken-hearted;X
[EX Q]: ['exact', 'm', 'peculiar', 'Q', 'seas', 'G', 'the', 'e']
[EX A]: exactmpeculiarQseasGthee
[EX Q]: ['for', 'V', 'bounding', 'E', 'E']
[EX A]: | forVboundingEE | fc-sni-conala | 0 | 21d4f1bbf0c312187323b0b36f8bf0aa91bc1ac5699fb5bb19cd8e193b02d3e9 |
In this task you will be given a claim and a perspective. You should determine whether that perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with different view, it is supporting, otherwise it is undermining.
--------
Question: claim: Children should not be allowed to inherit vast wealth as this damages them and society.
perspective: Society can never ensure that all children start on an 'equal footing' and why would it want to?
Answer: undermine
Question: claim: Everyone should go vegetarian.
perspective: Rainforests are destroyed to support animals used for food.
Answer: support
Question: claim: Parents should be able to choose the sex of their children.
perspective: Pre-selection of gender uses expensive medical care for frivolous purposes
Answer: | undermine | fc-sni-perspectrum | 0 | ef4008868d9ae0342990d6694821338504c77657105f47047749626f47caec15 |
In this task, you are given a second sentence. Your task is to generate the first sentence on the same topic but incoherent and inconsistent with the second sentence.
Example Input: For example , Jewish weddings are sanctioned only by the local Religious Council , and divorces of Jews are handled exclusively by the Rabbinical Courts .
Example Output: Each religious community has its own religious court .
Example Input: As a result , she mostly raced in the boys ' Expert and Open classes .
Example Output: UBR rules at the time stated that if a girl raced in the boys ' expert classes , she could not race in the girls ' class .
Example Input: However , its resuscitation was begun on 12 April 2001 by the former President of Nigeria , Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo .
Example Output: | It was suspended by the government on 25 April 1984 . | fc-sni-discofuse | 0 | 9f3b3c7960a3fe016c929720facaab7707d62cd74cf0394a9e32af371b2e2304 |
Q: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) infections are associated with high lethality in primates. ZEBOV primarily targets mononuclear phagocytes, which are activated upon infection and secrete mediators believed to trigger initial stages of pathogenesis. The characterization of the responses of target cells to ZEBOV infection may therefore not only further understanding of pathogenesis but also suggest possible points of therapeutic intervention. Gene expression profiles of primary human macrophages exposed to ZEBOV were determined using DNA microarrays and quantitative PCR to gain insight into the cellular response immediately after cell entry. Significant changes in mRNA concentrations encoding for 88 cellular proteins were observed. Most of these proteins have not yet been implicated in ZEBOV infection. Some, however, are inflammatory mediators known to be elevated during the acute phase of disease in the blood of ZEBOV-infected humans. Interestingly, the cellular response occurred within the first hour of Ebola virion exposure, i.e. prior to virus gene expression. This observation supports the hypothesis that virion binding or entry mediated by the spike glycoprotein (GP 1,2 ) is the primary stimulus for an initial response. Indeed, ZEBOV virions, LPS, and virus-like particles consisting of only the ZEBOV matrix protein VP40 and GP 1,2 (VLP VP40-GP ) triggered comparable responses in macrophages, including pro-inflammatory and proapoptotic signals. In contrast, VLP VP40 (particles lacking GP 1,2 ) caused an aberrant response. This suggests that GP 1,2 binding to macrophages plays an important role in the immediate cellular response.
A: | Ebola Virion Attachment and Entry into Human Macrophages Profoundly Effects Early Cellular Gene Expression | fc-sni-coda_19 | 0 | 99ac4ba7b0a80f2f93721e18469ac120b9886589ab5ae569fb04cd22f58631f3 |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
Part 2. Example
For a movie that gets no respect there sure are a lot of memorable quotes listed for this gem. Imagine a movie where Joe Piscopo is actually funny! Maureen Stapleton is a scene stealer. The Moroni character is an absolute scream. Watch for Alan The Skipper Hale jr. as a police Sgt.
Answer: positive
Explanation: There is an expression of appreciation in this movie review, hence we can say it's positive.
Part 3. Exercise
Although critically maligned, Johnny Dangerously is one of the funniest movies I've ever seen. It's a movie that should be watched closely; some of the funny bits are done in passing and do not have the usual amount of attention drawn to them. For instance, keep an eye on Michael Keaton's use of the pricing gun at the pet store...and also on the documentary-style years that appear at the beginning of scenes. It's one of those rare movies where the humor hits you unexpectedly, even though you know it's a comedy. Amy Heckerling, the director, is really sharp here--If you enjoyed her better known films (Fast Times at Ridgemont High, Clueless, European Vacation, etc.,)you should give this one a look.Michael Keaton is extremely likable in the title role and the supporting cast (Griffin Dunne, Maureen Stapleton, Joe Piscopo, Peter Boyle) is excellent. Highly recommended.
Answer: | positive | fc-sni-imdb | 0 | b2c894183e725238ceaf28060b4fb78bbfddc31468b47f6cc4b147d3a48a6156 |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[EX Q]: After hours of intense debate, deputies backed the measure which now goes to President Jose Mujica, himself a former left-wing militant, for approval. Opponents say the decision undermines the will of the Uruguayan people who twice voted to keep the amnesty. An estimated 7,000 political prisoners were held and many were tortured. In an sign of the divisive nature of the proposal, Uruguay's Chamber of Deputies debated for 12 hours whether the amnesty in force since 1985 should be overturned. Finally, 50 out of 90 deputies voted to scrap the law, following a similar move by the Senate on Tuesday. Those in favour of ending the amnesty say it will help Uruguay to comply with a ruling by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights to investigate alleged crimes from the era of military rule. The amnesty law has been ruled unconstitutional by Uruguay's Supreme Court, but until now survived numerous challenges, including an attempt in Congress in May to annul it. It was put to the vote in 1989 and then in 2009, and on both occasions there was not enough support to overturn it. Supporters of the amnesty say Congress has ignored the electorate's wishes. Ahead of the vote, members of the armed forces said they would seek prosecution of former Tupamaro guerrillas if the amnesty were revoked. Under the amnesty law, the president could decide whether investigations into cases of alleged abuses should be allowed to proceed. During the presidencies that followed military rule, many cases were blocked. Current President Jose Mujica, a former Tupamaro leader who was jailed during military rule, previously argued against scrapping the amnesty, pointing to the referendum results. But he has since indicated that he will sign the measure revoking the amnesty before 1 November, after which the time limit for trying military-era human rights would have expired.
[EX A]: Uruguay overturns amnesty for military-era crimes
[EX Q]: Greater Manchester Traffic Police tweeted the Lamborghini Aventador - worth more than 290,000 new - seized at Eccles police station was now "on its way to join his other car". It tweeted if you turn up to reclaim your car check "that the car you turn up in is covered on your policy first". It added the driver had been reported. On Sunday, police seized another "flash" Lamborghini - one of a group of cars doing laps around the city centre "revving engines". Last week officers in Oldham also stopped a white Lamborghini with no insurance. You may also like: The driver was "being erratic with his driving" taking a passenger to a prom.
[EX A]: Lamborghini seized as man claims other uninsured car
[EX Q]: The free event, which attracts up to 100,000 visitors, was due to be staged on the seafront on 7-8 August. Event organisers Visit Blackpool said there was too much uncertainty relating to the staging of mass events. Councillor Gillian Campbell said: "We know that many other event organisers have faced a similar dilemma." She said there was "no ready-made solution for managing large-scale outdoor events and it makes it impossible to plan ahead". "Rest assured the Blackpool Air Show will be back and we have already made provisional arrangements for the 2022 event to be staged over the weekend of 6-7 August," she said. A Visit Blackpool spokesman added: "There is no clear picture on how free-to-access outdoor events can benefit from proposed mitigation measures such as testing or any form of certification to reduce the risk of infection." Visit Blackpool said other events in its programme would continue to be reviewed over the coming weeks in line with government guidance. Why not follow BBC North West on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram? You can also send story ideas to [email protected] Related Internet Links Visit Blackpool
[EX A]: | Covid: Blackpool Air Show cancelled for second year | fc-sni-xlsum | 0 | 7e6591dc0f3d3991e7f5834217cf8a3162d509c6e19d2ea724ce0f14e62da7ae |
instruction:
In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous.
question:
Passage: The Ming dynasty () was the ruling dynasty of China then known as the Great Ming Empire for 276 years (13681644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the Shun dynasty, soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty), regimes loyal to the Ming throne collectively called the Southern Ming survived until 1683.
The Hongwu Emperor (ruled 136898) attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the navy's dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world. He also took great care breaking the power of the court eunuchs and unrelated magnates, enfeoffing his many sons throughout China and attempting to guide these princes through the Huang-Ming Zuxun, a set of published dynastic instructions. This failed when his teenage successor, the Jianwen Emperor, attempted to curtail his uncles' power, prompting the Jingnan Campaign, an uprising that placed the Prince of Yan upon the throne as the Yongle Emperor in 1402. The Yongle Emperor established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed it Beijing, constructed the Forbidden City, and restored the Grand Canal and the primacy of the imperial examinations in official appointments. He rewarded his eunuch supporters and employed them as a counterweight against the Confucian scholar-bureaucrats. One, Zheng He, led seven enormous voyages of exploration into the Indian Ocean as far as Arabia and the eastern coasts of Africa.
The rise of new emperors and new factions diminished such extravagances; the capture of the Zhengtong Emperor during the 1449 Tumu Crisis ended them completely. The imperial navy was allowed to fall into disrepair while forced labor constructed the Liaodong palisade and connected and fortified the Great Wall of China into its modern form. Wide-ranging censuses of the entire empire were conducted decennially, but the desire to avoid labor and taxes and the difficulty of storing and reviewing the enormous archives at Nanjing hampered accurate figures. Estimates for the late-Ming population vary from 160 to 200 million, but necessary revenues were squeezed out of smaller and smaller numbers of farmers as more disappeared from the official records or "donated" their lands to tax-exempt eunuchs or temples. Haijin laws intended to protect the coasts from "Japanese" pirates instead turned many into smugglers and pirates themselves.
answer:
What was the title of the person who established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed it Beijing before becoming emperor?
question:
Passage: A young woman in labour makes her way to a parish workhouse and dies after giving birth to a boy, who is systematically named Oliver Twist by the workhouse authorities. As the years go by, Oliver and the rest of the child inmates suffer from the callous indifference of the officials in charge: beadle Mr. Bumble and matron Mrs. Corney. At the age of nine, the hungry children draw straws; Oliver loses and has to ask for a second helping of gruel ("Please sir, I want some more").
For his impudence, he is promptly apprenticed to the undertaker Mr. Sowerberry, from whom he receives somewhat better treatment. However, when another worker, Noah, maligns his dead mother, Oliver flies into a rage and attacks him, earning the orphan a whipping.
Oliver runs away to London. The Artful Dodger, a skilled young pickpocket, notices him and takes him to Fagin, an old Jew who trains children to be pickpockets. Fagin sends Oliver to watch and learn as the Dodger and another boy try to rob Mr. Brownlow, a rich, elderly gentleman. Their attempt is detected, but it is Oliver who is chased through the streets by a mob and arrested. A witness clears him. Mr. Brownlow takes a liking to the boy, and gives him a home. Oliver experiences the kind of happy life he has never had before, under the care of Mr. Brownlow and the loving housekeeper, Mrs. Bedwin.
Meanwhile, Fagin is visited by the mysterious Monks, who has a strong interest in Oliver. He sends Monks to Bumble and Mrs. Corney (now Bumble's domineering wife); Monks buys from them the only thing that can identify Oliver's parentage, a locket containing his mother's portrait.
answer:
What is the full name of the person who asks "Please sir, I want some more"?
question:
Passage: Gilmour recorded his second solo album, About Face, in 1984, and used it to express his feelings about a variety of topics, from the murder of John Lennon to his relationship with Waters. He later stated that he used the album to distance himself from Pink Floyd. Soon afterwards, Waters began touring his first solo album, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking. Wright formed Zee with Dave Harris and recorded Identity, which went almost unnoticed upon its release. Mason released his second solo album, Profiles, in August 1985.Following the release of The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, Waters publicly insisted that Pink Floyd would not reunite. He contacted O'Rourke to discuss settling future royalty payments. O'Rourke felt obliged to inform Mason and Gilmour, which angered Waters, who wanted to dismiss him as the band's manager. He terminated his management contract with O'Rourke and employed Peter Rudge to manage his affairs. Waters wrote to EMI and Columbia announcing he had left the band, and asked them to release him from his contractual obligations. Gilmour believed that Waters left to hasten the demise of Pink Floyd. Waters later stated that, by not making new albums, Pink Floyd would be in breach of contractwhich would suggest that royalty payments would be suspendedand that the other band members had forced him from the group by threatening to sue him. He then went to the High Court in an effort to dissolve the band and prevent the use of the Pink Floyd name, declaring Pink Floyd "a spent force creatively." When his lawyers discovered that the partnership had never been formally confirmed, Waters returned to the High Court in an attempt to obtain a veto over further use of the band's name. Gilmour responded by issuing a carefully worded press release affirming that Pink Floyd would continue to exist. He later told The Sunday Times: "Roger is a dog in the manger and I'm going to fight him." In 2013, Waters said he had failed to appreciate that the Pink Floyd name had commercial value independent of the band members, and was wrong to have attempted to stop the others using it.
answer: | What is the last name of the person who terminated his management contract with O'Rourke? | fc-sni-quoref | 0 | 2b4a90574287edb99fcbff4c80eadb8001691009c1f10cfbc69ca0842b82a3d1 |
In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
One example: Context: Joanne McLeod is a Canadian figure skating coach. She is the skating director at the Champs International Skating Centre of BC (formerly known as the BC Centre of Excellence). Here current and former students include Emanuel Sandhu, Mira Leung, Kevin Reynolds, Jeremy Ten, Nam Nguyen, and many others. In 2012, McLeod became the first level 5 certified figure skating coach in British Columbia., Victor Kraatz, MSC (born April 7, 1971) is a Canadian former ice dancer. In 2003, he and his partner, Shae-Lynn Bourne, became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship., Allie Hann-McCurdy (born May 23, 1987 in Nanaimo, British Columbia) is a Canadian ice dancer. McCurdy began skating at age eight and was a singles skater until age 12 when she switched to ice dancing. In 2003 she teamed up with Michael Coreno, with whom she was the 2010 Four Continents silver medalist and the 2008 Canadian bronze medalist. The pair retired in June 2010, to coach at the Gloucester Skating Club., Maikki Uotila - Kraatz ( born 25 February 1977 ) is a Finnish ice dancer . She is a former Finnish national champion with Toni Mattila . She married Victor Kraatz on June 19 , 2004 . The two coach in Vancouver , where they are the ice dancing directors at the BC Centre of Excellence . She and Kraatz have two sons , born September 14 , 2006 and July 10 , 2010 ., Burnaby is a city in British Columbia, Canada, located immediately to the east of Vancouver. It is the third-largest city in British Columbia by population, surpassed only by nearby Surrey and Vancouver., Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton., British Columbia (BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.
British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U.S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska., The "Champs International Skating Centre of British Columbia" (formerly known as the 'BC Centre of Excellence') is one of two major figure skating training centers in Canada. Located in Burnaby, British Columbia, it is home to many great national and international skaters. The programs there are overseen by a staff, including Joanne McLeod, who coaches 3-time Canadian men's national champion Emanuel Sandhu; Bruno Marcotte, who competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics; Victor Kraatz, the 2003 World Champion in ice dancing, and Maikki Uotila, who was a national champion in Finland. The center operates out of Canlan Ice Sports Burnaby 8 Rinks. Notable skaters who train there include Emanuel Sandhu, Mira Leung, Allie Hann-McCurdy & Michael Coreno, Jessica Millar & Ian Moram, Jeremy Ten, and Kevin Reynolds. This skating school is sometimes known as a training site for international competitors to practice for competitions in Vancouver. Champs International hosts its annual competition known as the BC/YK SummerSkate Competition every August., Shae-Lynn Bourne, MSC (born January 24, 1976) is a Canadian ice dancer. In 2003, she and partner Victor Kraatz became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship. They competed at three Winter Olympic Games, placing 10th at the 1994 Winter Olympics, 4th at the 1998 Winter Olympics, and 4th at the 2002 Winter Olympics., Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province., Subject: maikki uotila, Relation: country_of_citizenship, Options: (A) american (B) british (C) canada (D) finland (E) montreal
Solution is here: finland
Explanation: This is a good example, as maikki uotila is citizen of the finland.
Now, solve this: Context: An illustrated song is a type of performance art and was a popular form of entertainment in the early 20th century in the United States., Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. The American Marketing Association has defined marketing as "the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large." , YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employeesChad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karimin February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report and comment on videos, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos., A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to become more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food and other products. Although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by various terms including "illustrated song", "filmed insert", "promotional (promo) film", "promotional clip", "promotional video", "song video", "song clip" or "film clip". Since the creation and increased popularity of YouTube, mainstream artists now promote new music videos by releasing trailers of short promos on the site for their upcoming song and music video. Consequentially, YouTube has been converted into a social media platform for celebrities and artists to market themselves to their fans, A short film is any film not long enough to be considered a feature film. Although no consensus exists as to where that boundary is drawn, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as "an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits". The term featurette originally applied to a film longer than a short subject, but shorter than a standard feature film., Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media., MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as "video jockeys" (VJs). In its early years, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily towards teenagers, high school students and college students. MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods. It has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTV's influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years., Astro Radio Sdn Bhd (formerly known as Airtime Management and Programming Sdn Bhd or AMP Radio Networks) is a Malaysian radio network company owned by Astro Malaysia Holdings Bhd that is owned by Astro Holdings Sdn Bhd., A song, most broadly, is a single (and often standalone) work of music that is typically intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections. Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created, are called lyrics. If a pre-existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song. Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants. Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs. Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs. These songs, which have broad appeal, are often composed by professional songwriters, composers and lyricists. Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances. Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video (or in some, cases, a song may be performed live and simultaneously recorded). Songs may also appear in plays, musical theatre, stage shows of any form, and within operas., Astro hitz , formerly known as HITZ.TV is a Malaysian music video channel provided by Astro . It made its debut on 20 October 2003 and serves as a visual entertainment complement of hitz.fm , which is under Astro 's radio management arm , AMP Radio Networks ( now Astro Radio ) . The channel relaunched with its new name in April 2009 . It offers its viewers an array of programme segment and genres throughout the day which will not just feature music videos but also fun - information on the music industry , a lifestyle segment that peeks into fashion facts as well as a programme that offers scoop on the latest happenings in town . Astro hitz is available on Channel 705 of the Astro platform . MeleTOP are selected on Astro Ria and Astro Maya HD also aired on Astro hitz for repeat on Wednesday ., Subject: astro hitz, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) 1 (B) activism (C) activity (D) art (E) association (F) august (G) century (H) change (I) channel (J) classical music (K) comedy (L) company (M) debate (N) division (O) exchange (P) feature film (Q) film (R) high school (S) human (T) initialism (U) limited (V) lyrics (W) malaysia (X) market (Y) may (Z) music ([) music television (\) music video (]) performance (^) programming (_) radio (') running (a) satellite television (b) service (c) set (d) share (e) sharing (f) single (g) society (h) song (i) sound (j) standard (k) study (l) technology (m) television (n) television channel (o) three (p) video (q) website (r) work
Solution: | television channel | fc-sni-wiki_hop | 0 | a23e55d3b95c1d1748d2e5dbbad9270ca4e252c782131b175d5d165b2b7de0ec |
Q: In this task, you are given a text which is the body of a document. Your job is to classify the topic of the document into these categories: 1)Company, 2)Educational Institution, 3)Artist, 4)Athlete, 5)Office Holder, 6)Mean of transportation, 7)Building, 8)Natural place, 9)Village, 10)Animal, 11)Plant, 12)Album, 13)Film, 14)Written work. Your output should be the category number. Don't generate anything apart from numbers 1-14.
Text: Mount Bethany English Medium Higher Secondary School or known as Mount Bethany EHSS Mount Bethany English Medium School or MBEHSS is an Indian co-educational Higher Secondary School located in Pathanamthitta Kerala India. The school began providing education to Lower Primary level classes in the late 1970s. Later the school added further classes and now serves a fleet of classes from Kindergarten to 10+2 in accordance with the Kerala Syllabus.
A: | 2 | fc-sni-dbpedia_14 | 0 | 3ee0caba259a6b714df9e7154a980242e0c5ac906c1a468bc5362b31f0096862 |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You are shown a conversation between a user and system. Identify who has spoken the indicated sentence based on the conversation.
Sentence1: Thank you and good bye. Sentence2: Yes. I would like the location and the phone number, please. Sentence3: Thank you goodbye. Sentence4: the pizza hut cherry hinton is moderately priced and in the south part of town. Would you like their location? Sentence5: The address of Pizza Hut Cherry Hinton is G4 Cambridge Leisure Park Clifton Way Cherry Hinton and the phone number is 01223 323737. Sentence6: Hi, I'm looking for a moderately priced restaurant in the south part of town. Question: Who has spoken the sentence 1? (A) User (B) System
Output: | Answer: (B) System | fc-sni-multi_woz_v22 | 0 | 67ec3d3d73550306d7086ee9c0d9c96cd8bb51d79621bbd069421d207c2d1c01 |
In this task, you're given a sentence and your task is to generate a simplified sentence that focuses on lexical paraphrasing from the original sentence given in the input.
[Q]: jules captured footage of american airlines flight 11 hitting the north tower of the world trade center.
[A]: jules filmed american airlines flight 11 hitting the north tower of the world trade center.
[Q]: since 1980 the senior pastor has been john piper.
[A]: since 1980 the main pastor has been john piper.
[Q]: this was a quite sensitive topic at the time , since poland was concerned that someday a german government would seek to reclaim some of this traditionally germany territory given to poland after world war ii.
[A]: | the german government would seek to reclaim some of the traditionally germany territory given to poland after world war ii and this was concerned to be quite sensitive topic at that time. | fc-sni-turk | 0 | e45240519e6ca4e589b999b057452aac895a22930b086fcd57f7de41b3f65394 |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
PROBLEM: I am so appalled by this documentary. I am deeply embarrassed and ashamed by the way Puertoricans were portrayed. This documentary was not about the culture of Puertoricans. It was about the culture of Nuyoricans. Puertoricans and Nuyoricans are two different cultures. Very different cultures and should not be generalized to the Puerto Rican population. Rosie, before you make a documentary, you need to do the research. You also need to check and make sure your sources are credible. Puerto Ricans are not all loud and they do have class, which is one thing the documentary lacked to show. When I saw Rosie and Jimmie on the View and Rosie on Martha Stewart I was very excited about watching. I even made sure to let my parents know since they love Puerto Rico so much. After the first five minutes I could not believe how the documentary bashed the US and made Puerto Ricans look like a bunch of guinea pigs. You need to go and visit Puerto Rico and you will see that Puerto Rico is not a 3rd world country where more than 50% of the population is in poverty. Puerto Rico has colleges and well known Universities, roads, cars, shopping centers, malls (The largest Kmart and JCPenney's I've ever seen), restaurants, theaters, beaches, hotels(Ritz, Hilton,etc.), casinos, churches, agriculture, Auto Expresso, and restaurants just to name a few. Poverty? NOT 50% of the population is. Puerto Rican culture is about family, music, food, celebrating, and trying to move forward not backward. Oh, and new cousins don't just pop up out of no where. No that is not a Puerto Rican thing, that is a ghetto thing. We are not bastards. Parents of Puertorican descent who would like to teach their children about Puerto Rico should invest in a trip with the family so they can see first hand what Puerto Rico is all about. They will see its beauty, people and culture. Please don't show them this documentary because it will only cloud their minds with negativity. Oh, and please don't tell your American friends to watch this documentary because it will only make the Puertorican people look ignorant.Yes, I am born and raised PUERTO RICAN from the island. Just so you know!
SOLUTION: negative
PROBLEM: The sitcom "The league of Gentlemen" follows the lives of several bizarre inhabitants of the fictional village "Royston Vasey". The different scenes are linked together by their common setting.In the first series, a sketch show, the main plot deals with a new road which is going to be built through Royston Vasey. Consequently, more foreigners visit the small town. But Edward and Tubbs, the owners of a "local" shop, which is actually far away from the town, do not like foreigners. Whenever a visitor enters their shop, they kill him. In my opinion some scenes are kind of tasteless and not funny at all, for example, when the couple absorb two engineers who want to build the new road. Edward drums, while Tubbs is dancing half naked around the victims. Moreover Pauline lives in Royston Vasey. She works at the local Job Centre. Although Pauline hates the people she has to work with, the woman does not want to loose her job. So when an unemployed man gets an interview as fireman, she does not allow him to go because he is not ready for the job yet.Then there is Barbara Dixton, a transsexual taxi driver who goes into great detail about "her" sexual conversion.Furthermore the vet, Mr. Chinnery, always kills animals instead of curing them. In one case, he comes to a farm and is leaded into the sitting room, where a dog lays in his basket. The farmer goes outside. On the assumption that the dog is the sick animal, Mr. Chinnery euthanizes him. A second later, the farmer opens the door, holding the "real" sick animal, a sheep, in his hand.Some more inhabitants are a husband and his wife who are visited by their nephew (his friend is killed by the shop owners, by the way). The couple is very tidy. They have, for example, towels in different colours. Each colour stands for one part of the body. Besides, they have thousands of keys, marked with different colours and precisely classified.In my opinion, the actors play very well. By playing women, the scenes become comical. The costumes are suited to the actors, too. Tubbs is wearing a scarf and some crazy characters, for example Edward, have unappetizing black teeth. The show has a great deal of dark humour, typical British. The set design reflects the mood of the series. The village and all the houses look grey and are decayed. Around the local shop there is often fog which strengthens the threatening effect. Even the village sign is ominous: "Welcome to Royston Vasey. You will never leave."Although I think that the actors do a great job, this type of series is not my taste.
SOLUTION: negative
PROBLEM: An old man works as a janitor in a mental hospital to be close to his wife who is a patient there and to try to get her out.This is surely one of the most forgotten masterpieces of the silent era and an oddity in the history of Japanese cinema. Long thought lost, a print was found in the 70s and a music soundtrack added to it, which fits perfectly with the images. It might have been influenced by cabinet of doctor Caligary (director Kinugasa claimed he never saw the German film). However it surpasses it in style and in its more convincing (and chilly) portray of the inner mental state of the inmates in the asylum. To achieve this, the film makes use of every single film technique available at the time: multiple exposures and out of focus subjective point of view, tilted camera angles, fast and slow motion, expressionist lighting and superimpositions among others. It is also a very complicated film to follow, as it has not got intertitles.The film opens with a montage of shots of rain hitting the windows of the hospital, wind shaking trees and of thunder. The unsettling weather metaphors the mental condition of the patients and introduces one of the them: a former dancer. The combination of sounds produced by rain, wind and thunder serves as the music that incites the dancer to get into a frantic, almost hypnotic dance. In another sequence involving the same patient engaged in another frenzied dance, she is being watched by other inmates. Multiple exposures of the dancer represent the patients' point of view and their confused "view" of the world.These are just two examples from this amazing film trying to represent the patients' subconscious and view of the "sane" world.In three words A MUST SEE.
SOLUTION: | positive | fc-sni-imdb | 0 | 9baf3f466253dc3e6be7fb772d3544982afd60908f4a5c23360578da26589cdf |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Problem:Ray Barone: Hello ? Yes , he is . May I ask who 's calling ? Okay , just a minute . Angelina .
Ray Barone: Angelina ? Do n't know anyone by that name .
Debra Barone: Does he know what this is regarding ? Okay , yeah thanks for calling . Bye - bye . She 's got your wallet .
Ray Barone: What ? My wallet ?
Debra Barone: Yeah . It 's at Nemo 's .
Ray Barone: I did n't go to Nemo 's .
Debra Barone: Well your wallet made it there somehow . Do you have your wallet ? Ray , she said she just waited on you .
Ray Barone: Oh Nemo 's Nemo 's , yeah . Might have been a waitress over there . Even though we usually go to the counter . But today Nemo forced us into this table , where the waitresses go . So we had to have a waitress . Not * have * a waitress . We uh we had waitress service .
Debra Barone: So how pretty is she ?
Ray Barone: I did n't say she was pretty .
Debra Barone: You did n't have to . You 're being so defensive about it . My gosh , you 'd think there was something going on .
Ray Barone: No , no , no , no . no , no , no .
Debra Barone: You 're a freak .
Ray Barone: What ? What did I do ?
Debra Barone: Come on , ca n't you be honest ? I mean , look Ray , if you saw someone pretty today , you could tell me .
Ray Barone: I saw nothing .
Debra Barone: Wow , she must be beautiful .
Ray Barone: Look , she 's Nemo 's niece . How beautiful can she be ? You 've seen Nemo . All right , some men might find her attractive . Nothing like you , though .
Ray Barone: Which
Ray Barone: means that you are the more attractive _ one _ . I ... I have the right to an attorney .
Solution: | REFERENCE you | fc-sni-numeric_fused_head | 0 | c8d097a96f41d5c23718cc3810aa91db5d7fdf01db5a576c895fe58fa496c494 |
In this task you are given a story and a question regarding that story. You must judge whether the question is answerable based on the info given to you. Label the instances as "Answerable" or "Not Answerable" based on your judgment. the story and the question are separated by a new line character.
--------
Question: When Sam retires he sells his successful pizza shop. The new owner starts making changes immediately. He decreases toppings and increases prices. He starts to hemorrhage regular customers. By the time he fixes the problems he created it's too late.
Why did He decrease toppings?
Answer: Answerable
Question: Duke wanted to play football on his birthday. Ellen wanted Duke to go to a movie with her. Ellen told Duke he could play football after the movie. Duke told Ellen they could see a movie after football. Duke and Ellen decided to go see a movie about football.
Why did Duke want to play football on his birthday?
Answer: Answerable
Question: Today, Bella wore her leotard, tights, and ballet slippers. She walked nervously to the center of the wooden studio floor. She was very happy to see a friend in the class with her. They danced and twirled around for an hour. She cannot wait to return next week.
Why did She walk nervously?
Answer: | Answerable | fc-sni-tellmewhy | 0 | 5d82f3b7adc53adcaa377e61aa9814a6eaf3038726b1236a92b455d164508734 |
Definition: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Input: MV Bonita, an 8,000 tonne Ecuadorian cargo boat sailing from Hamburg to Panama, was caught in a hurricane on 13 December 1981, when it sent out a distress signal. Guernsey's lifeboat was among those called to the scene and now the RNLI has had the stories of the rescue - during which two Bonita crew members were fatally injured - adapted for the screen. It features John Webster, who was part of the rescue crew on board the Sir William Arnold, Guernsey's Arun Class lifeboat. He said: "We launched a little after 12:30, the crew were actually summoned down to the harbour to move the lifeboat because it was blowing a gale. "There was a navy boat tied up on one of the berths and they thought it was going to break adrift and damage the lifeboat. "While we were preparing to move the boat we were told there was a ship in trouble mid-Channel. "It was about 16:30-16:40 when we got there and it was laying on its side." He said that when they arrived a rescue helicopter had already taken four people from the boat. "But then the wind had strengthened and it got rougher and the helicopter was struggling, so it was down to us to do what we could," said Mr Webster. The ship's complement of 31 included four children and two women, the families of the captain and first engineer. The children were the first off the ship, with two in the helicopter. "[However] one chap in his haste to get off was swept off the back of the boat and one chap jumped too soon, tripped and hit the deck of the lifeboat quite hard and we did the best we could for him but he died when he got to hospital," said Mr Webster. He was among the crew members who were awarded bronze medals by the RNLI for their part in the rescue. Second Coxswain Peter Bougourd, Mechanic Robert Vowles and Crew Members Alan Martel, Peter Bisson, John Bougourd and Richard Hamon were the other recipients while Coxswain Michael Scales was presented with a gold medal. Eleanor Driscoll, the film's director, said: "We couldn't reconstruct it, it was far too dangerous for that. "Getting the memories of the day on film and releasing it to the public is wonderful. We want to do them proud." Also included in the film is John Aicher, who was the chief engineer of the MV Bonita. Ms Driscoll said: "It's his testimony really that makes the film very, very poignant, he talks about how he felt he had died three times that day. There were times he just wanted to end the nightmare." She said news of the rescue was "overshadowed by the Penlee lifeboat disaster only six days later". The Solomon Browne lifeboat had launched in similar conditions after a mayday from the 300-tonne coaster Union Star, which had foundered against the Cornish cliffs. However, the lifeboat was lost, with no survivors from either it or the Union Star. It was the worst disaster in the recent history of the RNLI.
Output: | Guernsey lifeboat's 1981 rescue of Bonita crew remembered | fc-sni-xlsum | 0 | db3d9290f307cc225beab3cf2790a3f860e97931e2cda559f629c0f7a952206d |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given Yelp reviews. The task is to classify a review as "POSITIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEGATIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative.
Q: We saw this place on one of those food network shows .thought it would be amazing was very very disappointed.Hello I had some staple food Philly cheesesteak 'Subway has a better one '
My wife had pastrami it was like sandwich meat from prepackaged foods Sorry but I do not recommend !!!!!
A: | NEGATIVE | fc-sni-yelp_polarity | 0 | 2e483650f4973040d381aab9fbb1d35ec095996be5fceea9a7a984fedf747d4a |
In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
One example: For a movie that gets no respect there sure are a lot of memorable quotes listed for this gem. Imagine a movie where Joe Piscopo is actually funny! Maureen Stapleton is a scene stealer. The Moroni character is an absolute scream. Watch for Alan The Skipper Hale jr. as a police Sgt.
Solution is here: positive
Explanation: There is an expression of appreciation in this movie review, hence we can say it's positive.
Now, solve this: I haven't actually finished the film. You may say that in this case I have no right to review it, especially so negatively. But I do, only because I stopped it on account of I couldn't watch anymore...I got over halfway, and I only got there by promising myself something good was just around the corner. This film is so tiresome, so lackluster that I was actually insulted. I haven't read many of the other reviews, so I'm not sure if there are other homosexual teens who have suffered through it, but I am homosexual, and I did go through "similar" revelations, day dreams, issues etc etc. There were maybe two moments where I actually felt this film could go somewhere, where I felt it may have some inkling of meaning, or relativity, but these hopes were dashed the moment the next set of cliche-ridden narration came on. I mean, just look at the quotes on the IMDb page. Unfortunately you're not able to hear the scratchy play back, nor the echo-ey fades if you're just read the quotes, because they are just too painful/ridiculous/stupid to miss. I did give the film three stars, and all three of those stars go to the films cinematographer who did a fantastic job attempting to transform Archer's tired "concepts" into something watchable. Mind you, I pray he wasn't the one who decided to include all the long shots of TV closeups...another unnecessary cliche already over done in films such as Korine's Gummo... I think it is extremely fitting that this film premiered at Sundance (only because Archer had connections in the festival via volunteer work he did, by the way...) because Sundance seems to be the one festival where cliche heavy drivel like this is still accepted as "arthouse". No, it's not art house, I'm afraid it's just plain s**t-house. Do not watch.
Solution: | negative | fc-sni-imdb | 0 | a20d01cf52d5d4d2b04e68fbe173c83f128c3966374ff34936eec38170948c4d |
In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on the gain. Gain is the value by which to multiply the input. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Input: Consider Input: Problem: after decreasing 40 % in the price of an article costs rs . 1050 . find the actual cost of an article ?
Options: a ) 1200 , b ) 1750 , c ) 1050 , d ) 1570 , e ) 1005
Output: b
Input: Consider Input: Problem: a money lender lent rs . 1000 at 4 % per year and rs . 1400 at 5 % per year . the amount should be returned to him when the total interest comes to rs . 350 . find the number of years .
Options: a ) 3.2 , b ) 3.75 , c ) 4 , d ) 4.25 , e ) 4.5
Output: a
Input: Consider Input: Problem: a started a business with an investment of rs . 70000 and after 6 months b joined him investing rs . 120000 . if the profit at the end of a year is rs . 78000 , then the share of b is ?
Options: a ) a ) 34500 , b ) b ) 36099 , c ) c ) 36000 , d ) d ) 38007 , e ) e ) 42000 | Output: c | fc-sni-mathqa | 0 | 6f4749e492e7ed2ab5d1154151fc55ecf5eca9562fc63127f1f77c775dfae9d4 |
Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a
. You have to answer the question based on the context.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: This section introduces our probabilistic model that infers keyword expectation and trains the target model simultaneously.
Question: What type of classifiers are used?
Student: | probabilistic model | fc-sni-qasper | 0 | ddd94b46042872b9bf7e43e6f15d1991af576de83a786d51a5e1b8405de62aad |
Q: In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.
We propose a learning setting in which unlabeled data is free, and the cost of a label depends on its value, which is not known in advance. We study binary classification in an extreme case, where the algorithm only pays for negative labels. Our motivation are applications such as fraud detection, in which investigating an honest transaction should be avoided if possible. We term the setting auditing, and consider the auditing complexity of an algorithm: the number of negative labels the algorithm requires in order to learn a hypothesis with low relative error. We design auditing algorithms for simple hypothesis classes (thresholds and rectangles), and show that with these algorithms, the auditing complexity can be significantly lower than the active label complexity. We also discuss a general competitive approach for auditing and possible modifications to the framework.
A: | Auditing: Active Learning with Outcome-Dependent Query Costs | fc-sni-peer_read | 0 | 5199f653acec56e3fe8cf02596a6a989de9965e16a5ab033717272aed349c423 |
In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous.
Q: Passage: The opera begins without any prelude; the opening chords of the Scarpia motif lead immediately to the agitated appearance of Angelotti and the enunciation of the "fugitive" motif. The sacristan's entry, accompanied by his sprightly buffo theme, lifts the mood, as does the generally light-hearted colloquy with Cavaradossi which follows after the latter's entrance. This leads to the first of the "Grand Tunes", Cavaradossi's "Recondita armonia" with its sustained high B flat, accompanied by the sacristan's grumbling counter-melody. The domination, in that aria, of themes which will be repeated in the love duet make it clear that though the painting may incorporate the Marchesa's features, Tosca is the ultimate inspiration of his work. Cavaradossi's dialogue with Angelotti is interrupted by Tosca's arrival, signalled by her motif which incorporates, in Newman's words, "the feline, caressing cadence so characteristic of her." Though Tosca enters violently and suspiciously, the music paints her devotion and serenity. According to Budden, there is no contradiction: Tosca's jealousy is largely a matter of habit, which her lover does not take too seriously.After Tosca's "Non la sospiri" and the subsequent argument inspired by her jealousy, the sensuous character of the love duet "Qual'occhio" provides what opera writer Burton Fisher describes as "an almost erotic lyricism that has been called pornophony". The brief scene in which the sacristan returns with the choristers to celebrate Napoleon's supposed defeat provides almost the last carefree moments in the opera; after the entrance of Scarpia to his menacing theme, the mood becomes sombre, then steadily darker. As the police chief interrogates the sacristan, the "fugitive" motif recurs three more times, each time more emphatically, signalling Scarpia's success in his investigation. In Scarpia's exchanges with Tosca the sound of tolling bells, interwoven with the orchestra, creates an almost religious atmosphere, for which Puccini draws on music from his then unpublished Mass of 1880. The final scene in the act is a juxtaposition of the sacred and the profane, as Scarpia's lustful reverie is sung alongside the swelling Te Deum chorus. He joins with the chorus in the final statement "Te aeternum Patrem omnis terra veneratur" ("Everlasting Father, all the earth worships thee"), before the act ends with a thunderous restatement of the Scarpia motif.
A: What is the name of the opera that the first of the "Grand Tunes" is "Recondita armonia"?
****
Q: Passage: After the end of World War II, Peter Kuban, a Hungarian displaced person and survivor of the Nazi concentration camps, stows away on a ship bound for New York City. However, he is spotted and held for the authorities. When they arrive, he claims that he qualifies for entry under an exception for those who helped Allied soldiers during the war, but all he knows about the paratrooper he hid from the enemy is that his name is Tom and he plays clarinet in a jazz band in New York City's Times Square.The immigration authorities led by Inspector Bailey say that without better documentation he must be sent back to Europe.
He jumps off the ship, breaking some ribs, and starts searching for Tom. He encounters an unemployed ex-factory worker named Maggie Summers. When she steals a coat in a restaurant, Peter helps her elude the police. They go to her apartment, where she tends his injury as best she can and learns his story. When her landlady, Mrs. Hinckley, threatens to evict her for being behind on her rent, Peter gives her all the money he has. Eddie Hinckley, the landlady's son, barges in and tries to get amorous with Maggie. Peter bursts out of hiding and starts fighting him, but gets the worst of it. Maggie knocks Eddie out with a chair and flees with Peter. The Hinckleys notify the police. Meanwhile, Tom sees Peter's picture on the front page of a newspaper. He wants to go to the immigration department, but his girlfriend Nancy persuades him to attend an important audition instead. Tom impresses band leader Jack Teagarden, but leaves abruptly to try to help Peter.
A: What is the full name of the person who Inspector Bailey says must be sent back to Europe?
****
Q: Passage: The film begins with Helen Hannah waking up in a jail cell, praying to God. A flashback reveals that she did not die at the end of the previous film.
At the O.N.E. Headquarters, Macalousso asks Vicky Thorne to be the prosecutor in what he heralds as "the biggest trial in history". Thorne then visits Mitch Kendrick, a lawyer and her ex-lover, informing him that he has been appointed as Hannah's defence attorney.
At the hideout of the Christian Underground, J.T. Quincy and the remaining cell members decide to rescue Hannah.
The trial begins. Kendrick tells the court that Helen Hannah is a pawn of God, and decides, in a publicity stunt, to put God himself on trial. Thorne and Judge Wells hate the idea, but Macalousso - eager to repair the recent blows to his reputation - approves the idea.
J.T. visits Colin McMahon, an underground doctor, to have a fake 666 mark imprinted on his hand. J.T. then visits his old friends Dawn and Dave, fugitives hiding in an old warehouse. He offers them food in return for their assistance.
Later that evening, Kendrick watches a tape at his house. The tape is one of the illegal broadcasts of the Christian Underground, which claims that O.N.E. is responsible for various atrocities blamed on 'The Haters'. Thorne comes upon Kendrick looking at an old abandoned church. She orders him to gain Hannah's trust so as to expose the key Resistance. Kendrick silently stays to witness the church be burnt down by agents of O.N.E. Kendrick then returns home, where he finds Macalousso waiting for him. The Antichrist tells Kendrick not to allow Helen Hannah to testify on God's behalf, and that he wishes to be called to the stand when the trial ends.
Doctor McMahon is shot in his home by a group of agents of O.N.E, who then have his hand cut off and taken to a laboratory.
A: | What is the first name of the person who offers food for assistance?
**** | fc-sni-quoref | 0 | 27b70db716d85cc2da5b172dfe43d452b55190b85160d12acb732a899c655876 |
Definition: Given a sentence, generate what should be the most likely next statement. The next statement should be reasonable and logically correct.
Input: His opponent, someone, gets a high - five from someone and a flirty squeeze from someone. Someone
Output: | shakes his hand out. | fc-sni-swag | 0 | b9f36c195044138571bbbe9c3d82832e7a03b07fc9fe523aa7cb84cd67d975ac |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
Q: Study objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety profiles of corticosteroid therapy in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients. Design: Four hundred one of 1,278 SARS cases treated in Guangzhou China between December 2002 and June 2003 fulfilled the diagnostic criteria issued by the World Health Organization for confirmed identification of SARS. Among them, the diagnosis of critical SARS was defined by criteria of SARS guidelines incorporated with a low oxygenation index (OI) [< 300 mm Hg]. Data of these patients retrieved from a database were retrospectively analyzed by logistic regression and Cox regression for the effect of corticosteroid therapy on death, hospitalization days, and complication presentation. Results: Among the 401 SARS patients studied, 147 of 249 noncritical patients (59.0%) received corticosteroids (mean daily dose, 105.3 86.1 mg) [ SD], and all survived the disease; 121 of 152 critical patients (79.6%) received corticosteroids at a mean daily dose of 133.5 102.3 mg, and 25 died. Analysis of these 401 confirmed cases did not show any benefits of corticosteroid on the death rate and hospitalization days. However, when focused on 152 critical SARS cases, factors correlated with these end points indicated by univariate analysis included use of corticosteroid, age, rigor at onset, secondary respiratory infections, pulmonary rales, grading of OI, and use of invasive ventilation. After adjustment for possible confounders, treatment with corticosteroid was shown contributing to lower overall mortality, instant mortality, and shorter hospitalization stay (p < 0.05). Incidence of complications was significantly associated with the need for invasive ventilation but not with use of corticosteroids. Conclusion: This Guangzhou retrospective study revealed that proper use of corticosteroid in confirmed critical SARS resulted in lowered mortality and shorter hospitalization stay, and was not associated with significant secondary lower respiratory infection and other complications.
A: | Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome With Glucosteroids* The Guangzhou Experience | fc-sni-coda_19 | 0 | 4ead72a169505afee67ee90a5078fa7f15970e6766439d7b5533bd16f0f3d0cc |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage.
PROBLEM: In 19th century Dublin, Albert Nobbs, an eccentric man in the latter part of middle age, works as a waiter in Morrison's Hotel run by the stingy and controlling Marge Baker. Albert is hard working and saves his money so that one day he will be able to eke out a better life for himself by owning his own business rather than work at the hotel. Beyond his work colleagues, he is all alone in the world. One day, a man named Hubert Page is hired by Mrs. Baker to paint one of the rooms in the hotel. She forces Hubert to share Albert's bed for the one night as he is required to stay to complete the work, much to Albert's horror. Hubert discovers the reason Albert did not want to share a room with him. But rather than the issue being a problem, Hubert shows Albert that he can follow a slightly different life path than the one he envisioned for himself - one closer to the life that Hubert leads with his wife Cathleen - which includes getting married and having a wife to support him emotionally. Albert's choice as a bride is his younger flirtatious co-worker Helen Dawes, who, unknown to Albert, is already in a sexual relationship with the brusque and sly Joe Mackins, another co-worker recently arrived at Morrison's. As Albert, Helen and Joe play their respective games of courtship, Albert may find that what seemed to come naturally to Hubert may be more difficult for him.
SOLUTION: Question: Who does Mrs. Baker hire?, Answer: Hubert Page
PROBLEM: Dr. Owen (Jonathan Mellor), an official from the Ministry of Health, and a heavily armed GEO team equipped with video cameras are sent into a quarantined apartment building to control the situation. After Martos, a GEO operator, is killed and infected encountering some of the infected, Owen uses religious mantra and rosary to hold him off in a room. It turns out that Owen is actually a priest sent by the Vatican to get a blood sample from a possessed girl named Tristana Medeiros, the same attacker from the end of the previous film.At the penthouse, Tristana is nowhere to be found. Larra, one of the GEO operators, finds a sample of her blood the only one that the original priest took from her. Owen performs a religious rite, and the blood combusts, confirming that it is the blood he's looking for; however, Fernandez, commanding officer of the GEO team drops it, rendering it useless. Owen tells them that they must get a blood sample from Tristana herself.Jennifer's father, who was outside getting medicine for his daughter (the infected Jennifer from the first installment), manages to convince a firefighter to take him into the building. Three teenagers, Tito, Mire and Ori gain access to the building through the sewage system; however, police seal their exit. After the deaths of Larra, Jennifer's father, and the firefighter from attacks by the possessed, the two groups find each other. However, Tito has been bitten, and they restrain him and lock Mire and Ori in a room where their fates are left unknown. The group then finds Angela Vidal (Manuela Velasco), the reporter from REC, who still has her camera with her. Owen forces Tito to tell him where Tristana Medeiros is. The demon possessing Tito tells him that she is "in the highest." Owen figures out that this means that she is in the penthouse. The demon then gives a hint that the "light" blinds them from seeing the path. When Angela is asked how she saw Tristana, she says she saw her through the camera's night vision. Owen deduces that some things can only be seen in the dark.They go back to the penthouse. When they turn on the camera's night vision, a door appears that leads them to a room. They find a tub filled with water that cannot be seen when the lights are on. While the GEO chief, Fernandez investigates it, Tristana leaps out and drags him in and then disappears as the light is turned on. When Tristana attacks them again, Angela blows her head off with a shotgun, finally killing her. Owen is enraged because he needed the blood sample, but all Angela wants to do is leave the building. At this point, the only survivors are Angela, Owen, and Rosso, the GEO cameraman. When Owen refuses to authorize their exit, Angela starts to beat him. Rosso tells her to stop, but she shoots and kills him. It is revealed that the demon possessing Tristana has now possessed Angela so she can leave the building. After telling Owen that she does not need him to get out, as she can impersonate his voice, she kills him. She takes his radio and says that the mission is over and they can let them out. She also tells them that he is staying behind because he is infected and the only survivor is a woman, Angela. When asked how the woman survived, the demonic Angela looks at the camera and smiles.The ending of the first film is shown, but extended to reveal how the demon possessed Angela (by forcing her mouth open and transferring some type of large parasite into her mouth), and then as Angela, went into hiding as Owen and the GEO team broke into the penthouse earlier in the film.
SOLUTION: Question: Is the tub empty or filled with water?, Answer: filled with water
PROBLEM: In 1995, John Connor is living in Los Angeles with foster parents. His mother Sarah Connor had been preparing him throughout his childhood for his future role as the Human Resistance leader against Skynet the artificial intelligence that will be given control of the United States' nuclear missiles and initiate a nuclear holocaust called "Judgment Day" on August 29, 1997 but was arrested and imprisoned at a mental hospital after attempting to bomb a computer factory. Skynet sends a new Terminator, designated as T-1000, back in time to kill John. The T-1000 is an advanced prototype made out of mimetic polyalloy (referred to as "liquid metal") that gives it the ability to take on the shape and appearance of almost anything it touches, as well as knives and other stabbing weapons. The T-1000 arrives under a freeway, kills a policeman and assumes his identity. Meanwhile, the future John Connor has sent back a reprogrammed T-800 (Model 101) Terminator to protect his young counterpart.The Terminator and the T-1000 converge on John in a shopping mall, and a chase ensues after which John and the Terminator escape together on a motorcycle. Fearing that the T-1000 will kill Sarah in order to get to him, John orders the Terminator to help free her. They encounter Sarah as she is escaping from the hospital, although she is initially reluctant to trust the T-800. After the trio escapes from the T-1000 in a police car, the Terminator informs John and Sarah about Skynet's history. In addition, it would create machines that will hunt and kill the remnants of humanity.[N 1] Sarah learns that the man most directly responsible for Skynet's creation is Miles Bennett Dyson, a Cyberdyne Systems engineer working on a revolutionary new neural net processor that will form the basis for Skynet.Sarah gathers weapons from an old friend and plans to flee with John to Mexico, but after having a nightmare about Judgment Day, she instead sets out to kill Dyson in order to prevent Judgment Day from occurring. Finding him at his home, she wounds him but finds herself unable to kill him in front of his family. John and the Terminator arrive and inform Dyson of the future consequences of his work. They learn that much of his research has been reverse engineered from the damaged CPU and the right arm of the previous Terminator. Convincing him that these items and his designs must be destroyed, they break into the Cyberdyne building and retrieve the CPU and the arm. The police arrive and Dyson is shot, but he manages to trigger several explosives, destroying the lab and his research while sacrificing himself. The T-1000 relentlessly pursues the surviving trio, eventually cornering them in a steel mill.The T-1000 and the Terminator engage in physical combat, with the advanced model severely damaging its adversary. The T-800 is seemingly shut down until its emergency back-up system brings it back online. The T-1000 nearly kills John and Sarah until the T-800 appears and shoots it into a vat of molten steel with an M79 grenade launcher, destroying it. John tosses the arm and CPU of the original Terminator into the vat as well. As Sarah expresses relief that the ordeal is over, the Terminator explains that to ensure that he is not used for reverse engineering he must also be destroyed. It asks Sarah to assist in lowering it into the vat of molten steel, since it is unable to "self-terminate", although John begs the Terminator to reconsider his decision. It bids them farewell as it is lowered into the vat. The Terminator gives a tearful John a final thumbs-up as it disappears into the molten steel and shuts down. Sarah looks to the future with hope, musing that "if a machine ... can learn the value of human life, maybe we can too."Alternate ending[edit]An alternate ending shows an elderly Sarah Connor watching an adult John, who is a US Senator, playing with his daughter in a Washington playground in the year 2029, narrating that Judgment Day never happened.[6]
SOLUTION: | Question: Where is Sarah escaping from?, Answer: The hospital. | fc-sni-duorc | 0 | 8d5085665a7c63f5a99cd952c409e8ce84436df99a992b372303b570a6216669 |
In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally.
Ex Input:
Text: this happened last night, and it's really a series of really bad choices. i'm only starting to remember everything this morning.
my university is in a relatively poor neighborhood with a diverse population. during the four block walk home from the library, it started to rain heavily. i stopped by this old convenience store to get some plastic bags to wrap my laptop in, and me being me, i bought a couple of tallboys. so, i'm white and typically dress somewhat nice at school. walking around the neighborhood (and especially at this store) i get asked for change or cigarettes pretty often. there were a handful of gangster looking black guys hanging out under a carport across the street that asked me for a few smokes. usually i say no, but i figured what the hell. "yeah, i've got some but can i hang out and drink a beer with you guys?"
it's not the first time i've done that, and it usually works out pretty well. we shot the shit for a while, despite being from totally different backgrounds. good time.
at some point, an suv full of people show up. an older mexican guy driving around a whole bunch of other black people. i didn't know you could still get it, but they had k2 (synthetic cannabinoids) in spray form that they were spraying on black and milds and cigarettes and basically everything. i love real weed, but i wouldn't go near that stuff in a hazmat suit.
except i think i did, unintentionally. the mexican guy was pretty talky to me at it was fun watching the two groups of people have a rap battle. eventually it got a little rowdy, so the mexican guy offered me a ride home. he said he only worked with the guys he had with him and didn't like them anyway. it was raining, and i was way more fucked up than i thought i would have been.
he didn't bring me home.
he stopped speaking english and pretended he didn't understand it (my spanish is really bad, especially in my condition). i guess that was his excuse to miss my directions. eventually he parked on a really dark street several miles from anywhere i wanted to be.
it felt like forever of me telling him "no. i'm not gay. conducir!" i couldn't remember how to conjugate it properly, nor was i even sure it was the right word. i couldn't get out of the car and walk because i didn't really know where i was and he could have just followed me anyway. i'm not sure why i didn't call the police, and i'm still not sure if i should have.
i'm freaking out. what the hell was i thinking? somehow i decided to tell him that i'd buy him a beer, and due to the lack of conjugation i guess he thought i wanted to drive.
i drove to a bar near campus where most people know me. i kind of frantically explained what was going on to my friends and the bartender, who pretended to be my girlfriend. i don't remember much after this. after a while (an hour? i don't know) of the creepy guy sitting at the bar/playing pool, a friend of mine told the creep he was driving me to get cigarettes as a ploy to get me home.
my family was not happy.
i went back to the bar half an hour ago to check up on what happened. apparently the creep went to my friends to complain that i left, and they more or less got him to leave with force / numbers.
and through all this, i didn't lose anything i had on me, including my bag with my 15" rmbp.
the guy never actually touched me, just scared the shit out of me. i feel like i understand why people don't want to report rape, although i can't really explain it any better. anyway, i'm safe, and i get to write my first tifu.
Ex Output:
TIFU by getting in the car with a stranger
Ex Input:
Text: so this happened a few years back, i was about 16 and my cousins were in town for the week. we decided to go fishing off some old abandoned railroad tracks and asked my 13 year old sister if she wanted to tag along. now being a teenager in the age of computers, she said she'd rather stay home and browse the internet, and that pissed me off because how often do we get to see our cousins that came from the other side of the country? well fastfoward a few hours, we were walking back to my house because i had to poop bad. i was talking to my older cousin and he convinved me that i should teach her a lesson so i decided to scare her, here's what my plan was: our computer sat right in front of a window, i would sneak behind the house and slap my hands on the glass and freak her out. here's where i messed up. i snuck up to the window waited until i saw my cousin walk through the front door then i slapped the glass as hard as i could. crashhhhhhhhhh, it shattered all over me and a piece of glass got stuck a half inch from my eye, and i shit myself reddit, the glass shattering literally scared the shit out of me. i pulled the glass out of my face and was squirting blood like a fountain. now i had blood all over me, poop in my underwear, and had to go to the er. needless to say though, i succeeded my mission and scared the living hell out of her.
Ex Output:
Tifu by scaring my sister
Ex Input:
Text: a bit of background, my brother is a high school teacher who sometimes has to call parents to inform them of their child's behaviour, he uses a private number when calling them. anyway back to the main story, i was at college having dinner when i got a call from a private number. i presumed it was my brother calling me, so i naturally responded to the call with "sup bitch" before i could finish the person on the other end of the call interrupts me saying "hi, i'm from the university of _____ will still you be attending our open day on the __th?" when i realized who was calling me i started choking on what i what i hoped sounded like a "yes". i still feel like i dodged a bullet.
Ex Output: | TIFU by thinking my brother was calling | fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset | 0 | bd1129e027dfde335f80ad1bd460a8aa2e293472f515201f68b4e61c2dcef8cf |
Teacher:In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: It's hard to believe that in 1997 David Duchovny was at the top of his fame, with X-Files, one of the best sci-fi series ever, being at the top of the glory. Nine years later he is almost forgotten, and his tentatives to make it on the big screen failed miserably. I cannot even explain why, he is a fair actor, but probably his moment of fame cast him in a eternal role that takes big talent to break from.At the same time Angelina Jolie was much less known, and she was really lucky that a film like 'Playing God' did not led her career into a dead-end. Fortunately for her, 'The Bone Collector' and 'Girl, Interrupted' were waiting beyond the corner, and when Lara Croft came, her career was launched.There is not too much to be told about this film. It's the only big screen film of Andy Wilson, and there must be a reason. All is banal and most of what happens on the screen expected in this story of an ex-doctor who saves the life of a shooting victim in a bar only to find himself working for the mob. The off-screen voice is especially bad, with a moralistic text that kills any shade of cinematographic experience from the film. You probably will not meet the film but in DVD rental stores, or on TV. Try to look for something better.
Student: | negative | fc-sni-imdb | 0 | 33e2c4897f144c20fd23d3f0c98c2ed979c296dd44b3b10a4c2034f07e72ecb7 |
instruction:
In this task you are given a story and a question regarding that story. You must judge whether the question is answerable based on the info given to you. Label the instances as "Answerable" or "Not Answerable" based on your judgment. the story and the question are separated by a new line character.
question:
Samantha needed to get new car tires. Her winter tires were all worn out. She searched online for specials. She was able to purchase a pair of tires for $200 off retail price. Her mechanic installed them on her car when the tires arrived.
Why was She able to purchase a pair of tires for $ 200 off retail price?
answer:
Answerable
question:
Gordy took an interest in city flags. He found some beautiful and others repugnant. He most disliked the flags with text on them. He entered a design in a redesign contest for his own city. Gordy's flag was a finalist, but lost in the end.
Why did He find some beautiful and others repugnant?
answer:
Not Answerable
question:
My children asked for a pet for Christmas. I decided I would buy them one as a gift. I went to the pet shop. I chose 2 young kittens and brought them home. My children were pleased with their new pets!
Why did I decide I would buy them one as a gift?
answer: | Answerable | fc-sni-tellmewhy | 0 | aa16d9036bba95d00ed4941288e82be92aa0deff983a2e41b779a56fbd6a7eb4 |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Problem:West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service (WYFRS) have needed four or more fire engines to fight 10 wildfires in 2018-2019. It only dealt with one the previous year and five in 2016-2017. The sudden increase has led to the launch of an awareness campaign as the school summer holidays begin. The largest of the recent moorland fires was a blaze on Ilkley Moor over Easter weekend, with 23 fire engines having to attend. Crews were borrowed from across the region to fight the fire, which started on 20 April and took three days to put out. WYFRS said the recent moorland fires in West Yorkshire have caused "devastation to wildlife" and posed a "potential threat to life and property". Be Moor Aware campaign On 26 February, fire crews in Marsden fought one of the largest moorland fires the service had ever dealt as the UK broke the record for the warmest winter day. Chris Kirkby, WYFRS area manager, said: "Some of the fires have been deliberate, which we utterly condemn - but most have been accidental and simply due to people being careless when out and about." "Just one family barbecue can start a fire which destroys hundreds of hectares of beautiful moorland." The fire service said it was supporting several local councils in their usage of public space protection orders (PSPO), which can ban barbeques, fires and sky lanterns on moorland. Earlier in July, Bradford Council brought in a PSPO meaning a fixed penalty notice of up to 100 could be issued on moorland if people did not comply with "a request to extinguish and surrender such articles". Unpaid fines could lead to a court prosecution and a further fine of up to 2,500. Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected].
Solution: | Wildfire spate leads to West Yorkshire awareness scheme | fc-sni-xlsum | 0 | 15ccf84f0e39aea879fbbf44d7bb092b468942ee1448bce4bda790f90ce9b060 |
Definition: In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words.
Input: Large pre-trained Transformers such as BERT have been tremendously effective for many NLP tasks. However, inference in these large-capacity models is prohibitively slow and expensive . Transformers are essentially a stack of self-attention layers which encode each input position using the entire input sequence as its context . However, we find that it may not be necessary to apply this expensive sequence-wide self-attention over at all layers . Based on this observation, we propose a decomposition to a pre-trained Transformer that allows the lower layers to process segments of the input independently enabling parallelism and caching . We show that the information loss due to this decomposition can be recovered in the upper layers with auxiliary supervision during fine-tuning . We evaluate de-composition with pre-trained BERT models on five different paired-input tasks in question answering, sentence similarity, and natural language inference . Results show that decomposition enables faster inference (up to 4x), significant memory reduction (up to 70%) while retaining most (up to 99%) of the original performance . We will release the code at<anonymized url>.
Output: | Inference in large Transformers is expensive due to the self-attention in multiple layers. We show a simple decomposition technique can yield a faster, low memory-footprint model that is just as accurate of the original models. | fc-sni-scitldr | 0 | 12d3214a9a991467d334eb6ca03a19580ea235066ce77acc59f938263ddd8eb4 |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, the input is a set of dialogues between a user and an assistant. You need to find the dialogue that is basically a response given to a question or an aspect of the user.
Alright! Do you have any information about the economy there?
You're very welcome!
Of course, temperatures in the desert can be extreme, and the Libyan desert is no exception. On September 13, 1922, an air temperature of 58 degrees Celsius was recorded in the town of Aziziya, which is located southwest of Tripoli. That was considered to be a world record.
Okay, Do you have more info about the economy?
That is not my kind of weather. Can you tell me more about geography?
Output: | Of course, temperatures in the desert can be extreme, and the Libyan desert is no exception. On September 13, 1922, an air temperature of 58 degrees Celsius was recorded in the town of Aziziya, which is located southwest of Tripoli. That was considered to be a world record. | fc-sni-curiosity_dialogs | 0 | 6583c17167ebd610f7d2c2aeeaa781a775939fe5d80c8ba83d5088560bc70e97 |
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Problem:Context: Maternal nutrition during different stages of pregnancy can induce significant changes in the structure, physiology, and metabolism of the offspring. These changes could have important implications on food animal production especially if these perturbations impact muscle and adipose tissue development. Here, we evaluated the impact of different maternal isoenergetic diets, alfalfa haylage (HY; fiber), corn (CN; starch), and dried corn distillers grains (DG; fiber plus protein plus fat), on the transcriptome of fetal muscle and adipose tissues in sheep.', 'Prepartum diets were associated with notable gene expression changes in fetal tissues. In longissimus dorsi muscle, a total of 224 and 823 genes showed differential expression (FDR 0.05) in fetuses derived from DG vs. CN and HY vs. CN maternal diets, respectively. Several of these significant genes affected myogenesis and muscle differentiation. In subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissues, 745 and 208 genes were differentially expressed (FDR 0.05), respectively, between CN and DG diets. Many of these genes are involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and adipose tissue development. Pathway analysis revealed that several GO terms and KEGG pathways were enriched (FDR 0.05) with differentially expressed genes associated with tissue and organ development, chromatin biology, and different metabolic processes.
Answer: These findings provide evidence that maternal nutrition during pregnancy can alter the programming of fetal muscle and fat tissues in sheep. The ramifications of the observed gene expression changes, in terms of postnatal growth, body composition, and meat quality of the offspring, warrant future investigation.
Solution: | Does maternal nutrition induce gene expression changes in fetal muscle and adipose tissues in sheep? | fc-sni-pubmed_qa | 0 | b4f5c3c399898c6f18e5907932415353b1328e629652e9f3e6ad8db3b2a30f80 |
Instructions: In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words.
Input: Deep learning on graphs has become a popular research topic with many applications. However, past work has concentrated on learning graph embedding tasks only, which is in contrast with advances in generative models for images and text. Is it possible to transfer this progress to the domain of graphs? We propose to sidestep hurdles associated with linearization of such discrete structures by having a decoder output a probabilistic fully-connected graph of a predefined maximum size directly at once. Our method is formulated as a variational autoencoder. We evaluate on the challenging task of conditional molecule generation.
Output: | We demonstate an autoencoder for graphs. | fc-sni-scitldr | 0 | e3f0f071f840c70107ecded102e820df0a2083da478b27448957ca01d84d451a |
Teacher:You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Stewart "Stew" Smith (Robert Williams), ace reporter for the Post, is assigned to get the story about the latest escapade of playboy Michael Schuyler (Donald Dillaway), a breach of promise suit by chorus girl Gloria Golden, who has been paid to drop it. Unlike rival Daily Tribune reporter Bingy Baker (Walter Catlett), he turns down a $50 bribe from Dexter Grayson (Reginald Owen), the Schuylers' lawyer, to not write anything. He does pretend to be swayed by the pleas of Anne (Jean Harlow), Michael's sister, but then brazenly calls his editor with the scoop, appalling the Schuylers.
Stew returns to the house to return a copy of Conrad he had taken from the Schuylers' library. The butler, Smythe (Halliwell Hobbes), tries to make him leave, but Anne sees him. Stew surprises Anne by presenting her with Michael's love letters to Gloria, who had intended to use them to extort more money from the Schuylers. Anne offers Stew a $5,000 check, which he refuses. She asks why he reported the suit, but not the love notes. Stew explains that one was news, the other, blackmail. He later tells her he is writing a play. Intrigued, Anne wonders if she can turn him into a gentleman. She invites him to a party at the house.
They fall in love and soon elope, horrifying Anne's widowed mother, Mrs. Schuyler (Louise Closser Hale), an imperious dowager who looks down on Stew's lower-class background. Michael takes it in stride, telling Stew he's not as bad as everyone thinks. The wedding is scooped by the rival Daily Tribune, enraging his editor, Conroy (Edmund Breese). Even more upset is Stew's best friend Gallagher (Loretta Young), a "sob sister" columnist secretly pining for him. Conroy taunts Stew as "a bird in a gilded cage." Despite his bravado, Stew is upset by the implication he is no longer his own man, vowing not to live on Anne's money. However, she cajoles him into moving into the mansion and starts to make him over, buying him garters (despite his objections) and hiring a valet, Dawson (Claud Allister).
When the Schuylers hold a reception for the Spanish ambassador, Gallagher substitutes for the society reporter and chats with Stew. Anne is surprised to learn that her husband's best friend (whom she had assumed was a man) is actually a lovely young woman and treats Gallagher icily. Then, Bingy tells Stew the Tribune will give him a column if he signs it "Anne Schuyler's husband." Insulted, Stew punches Bingy when he calls him Cinderella Man. The next morning, Mrs. Schuyler is aghast to find Stew's brawl has made the front page.
Wrestling with his play, Stew invites Gallagher and another friend, Hank (Eddy Chandler) from Joe's. They arrive with Joe and several bar patrons in tow and even Bingy shows up to apologize. A raucous party ensues. Meanwhile, Stew and Gallagher ponder the play, deciding to base it on Stew's marriage. Anne, Mrs. Schuyler, and Grayson return as the party is in full swing. Stew apologizes for letting the party get out of control, but protests that he can invite friends to "my house." Anne replies, "Your house?"
Stew returns with Gallagher to his own apartment. Along the way, he gives a homeless man his expensive garters. Grayson stops by to say Anne will pay him alimony, whereupon Stew punches him (earlier, Stew had warned Grayson that his twentieth insult would earn him a "sock to the nose"). Stew tells Gallagher the play could end with the protagonist divorcing his rich wife and marrying the woman whom he had always loved without ever realizing it. Overwhelmed, Gallagher hugs him.
Student: | What newspaper does Stew work for? | fc-sni-narrativeqa | 0 | e9afc8e87dbd33285d0585176f96738aa6deba4a4ad7cdc95f45a883bb74d040 |
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
Example: SECTION 1. LIABILITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES PROVIDING USE OF FACILITIES
TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Business entity.--The term ''business entity'' means a
firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint
venture, or other form of enterprise.
(2) Facility.--The term ''facility'' means any real
property, including any building, improvement, or appurtenance.
(3) Gross negligence.--The term ''gross negligence'' means
voluntary and conscious conduct by a person with knowledge (at
the time of the conduct) that the conduct is likely to be
harmful to the health or well-being of another person.
(4) Intentional misconduct.--The term ''intentional
misconduct'' means conduct by a person with knowledge (at the
time of the conduct) that the conduct is harmful to the health
or well-being of another person.
(5) Nonprofit organization.--The term ''nonprofit
organization'' means--
(A) any organization described in section 501(c)(3)
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from
tax under section 501(a) of such Code; or
(B) any not-for-profit organization organized and
conducted for public benefit and operated primarily for
charitable, civic, educational, religious, welfare, or
health purposes.
(6) State.--The term ''State'' means each of the several
States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern
Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the
United States, or any political subdivision of any such State,
territory, or possession.
(b) Limitation on Liability.--
(1) In general.--Subject to subsection (c), a business
entity shall not be subject to civil liability relating to any
injury or death occurring at a facility of the business entity
in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit
organization if--
(A) the use occurs outside of the scope of business
of the business entity;
(B) such injury or death occurs during a period
that such facility is used by the nonprofit
organization; and
(C) the business entity authorized the use of such
facility by the nonprofit organization.
(2) Application.--This subsection shall apply--
(A) with respect to civil liability under Federal
and State law; and
(B) regardless of whether a nonprofit organization
pays for the use of a facility.
(c) Exception for Liability.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to an
injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business
entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct,
including any misconduct that--
(1) constitutes a crime of violence (as that term is
defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code) or act
of international terrorism (as that term is defined in section
2331 of title 18) for which the defendant has been convicted in
any court;
(2) constitutes a hate crime (as that term is used in the
Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note));
(3) involves a sexual offense, as defined by applicable
State law, for which the defendant has been convicted in any
court; or
(4) involves misconduct for which the defendant has been
found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law.
(d) Superseding Provision.--
(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection
(e), this Act preempts the laws of any State to the extent that
such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except that this Act
shall not preempt any State law that provides additional
protection from liability for a business entity for an injury
or death with respect to which conditions under subparagraphs
(A) through (C) of subsection (b)(1) apply.
(2) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to
supersede any Federal or State health or safety law.
(e) Election of State Regarding Nonapplicability.--This Act shall
not apply to any civil action in a State court against a business
entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State
enacts a statute--
(1) citing the authority of this subsection;
(2) declaring the election of such State that this Act
shall not apply to such civil action in the State; and
(3) containing no other provision.
Example solution: Shields a business entity from civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of that entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if: (1) the use occurs outside the scope of business of the business entity; (2) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by such organization; and (3) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the organization.
Makes this Act inapplicable to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including misconduct that: (1) constitutes a hate crime or a crime of violence or act of international terrorism for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (2) involves a sexual offense for which the defendant has been convicted in any court or misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law.
Preempts State laws to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except State law that provides additional protection from liability. Specifies that this Act shall not be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law.
Makes this Act inapplicable to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State, citing this Act's authority and containing no other provision, enacts a statute declaring the State's election that this Act shall not apply to such action in the State.
Example explanation: This Bill focuses on shielding business entities from civil liability relating to an injury or death depending on the conditions of injury, hence the generated summary is correct.
Problem: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ''Ensuring Patient Access to
Healthcare Records Act of 2016''.
SEC. 2. PROMOTION OF ACCESS TO DATA, VIA RESEARCH AND USER FRIENDLY
PRESENTATIONS AND APPLICATIONS.
(a) In General.--Subtitle D of the Health Information Technology
for Economic and Clinical Health Act (42 U.S.C. 17921 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following:
''PART 3--HEALTH CARE CLEARINGHOUSES; DATA PROCESSING TO EMPOWER
PATIENTS AND IMPROVE THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
''SEC. 13451. MODERNIZING THE ROLE OF CLEARINGHOUSES IN HEALTH CARE.
''(a) Efforts To Promote Access to and Leveraging of Health
Information.--
''(1) In general.--The Secretary shall, through the
updating of existing policies and development of policies that
support dynamic technology solutions, promote patient access to
information related to their care, including real world
outcomes and economic data (including claims, eligibility, and
payment data), in a manner that would ensure that such
information is available in a form convenient for the patient,
in a reasonable manner, and without burdening the health care
provider involved.
''(2) Requirement.--Activities carried out under paragraph
(1) shall include the development of policies to enable covered
entities with access to health information to--
''(A) provide patient access to information related
to their care, including real world outcomes and
economic data; and
''(B) develop patient engagement tools, reports,
analyses, and presentations based on population health,
epidemiological, and health services outcomes data,
that may demonstrate a fiscal or treatment benefit to
the taxpayer.
''(b) Treatment as Covered Entity for Specified Functions.--
''(1) In general.--With respect to the use and disclosure
of protected health information, the Secretary shall--
''(A) not consider health care clearinghouses that
engage in the functions described in paragraph (3) to
be business associates under HIPAA-related provisions
(as defined in subsection (j)(3)) regardless of the
role of such clearinghouses in collecting or receiving
the information; and
''(B) consider such clearinghouses to be covered
entities under such provisions of law for all purposes.
Such clearinghouses shall not be considered business associates
for data translation, analytic, cloud computing, or any other
purpose.
''(2) Data accuracy and security requirement.--In order to
use health data as authorized by this section, a clearinghouse
or other covered entity engaging in activities authorized under
this section shall be certified to have the necessary expertise
and technical infrastructure to ensure the accuracy and
security of such claims, eligibility, and payment data through
receipt of an accreditation by the Electronic Healthcare
Network Accreditation Commission, or by an equivalent
accreditation program determined appropriate by the Secretary.
''(3) Enhancing treatment, quality improvement, research,
public health efforts and other functions.--
''(A) Equivalent authority to other covered
entities.--Subject to paragraph (2), a health care
clearinghouse shall--
''(i) in addition to carrying out claims
processing functions, be permitted to use and
disclose protected health information in the
same manner as other covered entities,
including for purposes of treatment, payment,
health care operations as permitted by section
164.506 of title 45, Code of Federal
Regulations, research, and public health as
permitted by section 164.512 of title 45, Code
of Federal Regulations, and creating de-
identified information as permitted by section
164.502(d) of title 45, Code of Federal
Regulations; and
''(ii) use or disclose protected health
information as required by section
164.502(a)(2) of title 45, Code of Federal
Regulations.
''(B) Additional authority.--Subject to paragraph
(2), a health care clearinghouse and other covered
entity shall, in addition to claims processing
functions, be permitted to--
''(i) provide individuals with access to
their own protected health information as
described in subsection (d);
''(ii) subject to subsection (c)(2), and on
behalf of both covered entities and non-covered
entities, use and disclose protected health
information for health care operations purposes
(as defined by section 164.501 of title 45,
Code of Federal Regulations) without respect to
whether the recipient of the information has or
had a relationship with the individual;
''(iii) subject to subsection (c)(2), and
upon the request of a covered entity, benchmark
the operations of such covered entity against
the operations of one or more other covered
entities that have elected to participate in
such benchmarking; and
''(iv) subject to subsection (c)(2), use
protected health information to facilitate
clinical trial recruitment.
''(c) Authorities Relating to Data Processing.--
''(1) In general.--In carrying out HIPAA-related
provisions, the Secretary shall permit a health care
clearinghouse to aggregate protected health information that
the clearinghouse possesses in order to carry out the functions
described in subsection (b)(3). Subject to section
164.502(a)(5)(i) of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations, a
health care clearinghouse may carry out the functions described
in subsection (b)(3) without obtaining individual authorization
under section 164.508 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.
''(2) Privacy.--For purposes of clauses (ii) through (iv)
of subsection (b)(3)(B), with respect to any report, analysis,
or presentation provided by the clearinghouse to a third party,
such report, analysis, or presentation--
''(A) shall include only de-identified data; or
''(B) if containing protected health information,
shall include such data that is subject to a qualifying
data use agreement (as defined in subsection (j)).
''(3) Fee permitted.--Nothing in this paragraph shall be
construed to prohibit an individual's right to access claims
and payment records in HIPAA standard format for a reasonable,
cost-based fee pursuant to section 164.524(c)(4) of title 45,
Code of Federal Regulations. In requesting access to records
held by a health care clearinghouse, the individual shall
identify the health care provider or providers that rendered
care.
''(d) Comprehensive Records at the Request of an Individual.--
''(1) In general.--When a health care clearinghouse
receives a written request from an individual for the protected
health information of the individual, the clearinghouse shall
provide to the individual a comprehensive record of such
information (across health care providers and health plans and
longitudinal in scope), unless the clearinghouse determines in
its sole discretion that providing a comprehensive record is
not technologically feasible.
''(2) Purchase from other clearinghouses.--In preparing a
comprehensive record for an individual under paragraph (1), a
health care clearinghouse may, with the permission of the
individual, purchase the protected health information of the
individual from one or more other health clearinghouses (and
the cost of such purchase may be included in a fair-market fee
charged to the individual as provided for under paragraph (1)).
''(e) Situations Not Involving Direct Interaction With
Individuals.--Sections 164.400 through 164.414 (relating to breach
notification) and sections 164.520 through 164.528 (relating to
individual rights) of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations, shall
apply to a health care clearinghouse that engages in the functions
described in subsection (b)(3) to the extent that such clearinghouse
has current contact information pursuant to direct interaction with the
individual involved. In the case of each other individual, the
clearinghouse shall provide notice to the covered entity of any breach
of unsecured protected health information and provide a notice of
privacy practices on its website.
''(f) Transition.--
''(1) In general.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to provide a health care clearinghouse greater
authority to use and disclose protected health information than
that provided to another covered entity.
''(2) Existing agreements.--With respect to agreements
entered into by a health care clearinghouse prior to the date
of enactment of this section, a provision of such an agreement
that conflicts with this section shall not have any legal force
or effect. The preceding sentence may not be construed as
affecting any provision of an agreement that does not conflict
with this section.
''(g) Safe Harbor and Clarification of Liability.--In the case of a
health care clearinghouse that engages in a function described in
subsection (b), only that clearinghouse may be held liable for a
violation of a HIPAA-related provision (and a covered entity that
provided data or data access to the clearinghouse shall not be liable
for such violations).
''(h) Enforcement.--Section 13410(a)(2) shall apply to this section
in the same manner as such section applies to parts 1 and 2.
''(i) Relation to Other Laws.--
''(1) Application of hitech rule.--Section 13421 shall
apply to this section in the same manner as such section
applies to parts 1 and 2, except to the extent that such
section 13421 concerns section 1178(a)(2)(B) of the Social
Security Act.
''(2) State laws regarding unfair or deceptive acts or
practices.--This part shall not be construed to preempt the law
of any State that prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or
practices.
''(j) Definitions.--In this part:
''(1) De-identified.--The term 'de-identified', with
respect to health information, means such information that is
not individually identifiable as determined in accordance with
the standards under section 164.514(b) of title 45, Code of
Federal Regulations.
''(2) Health care clearinghouse.--The term 'health care
clearinghouse' has the meaning given such term in section 1171
of the Social Security Act.
''(3) HIPAA-related provision.--The term 'HIPAA-related
provision' means the provisions of each of the following:
''(A) This subtitle.
''(B) Part C of title XI of the Social Security
Act.
''(C) Regulations promulgated pursuant to sections
262(a) and 264(c) of the Health Insurance Portability
and Accountability Act of 1996 or this subtitle.
''(4) Individual.--The term 'individual', with respect to
protected health information, has the meaning applicable under
section 160.103 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations.
''(5) Qualifying data use agreement.--The term 'qualifying
data use agreement' means an agreement, which may be
electronic, that establishes the permitted uses and disclosures
of protected health information by the recipient consistent
with this paragraph. A qualifying data use agreement between
the health care clearinghouse and the data recipient shall--
''(A) establish the permitted uses and disclosures
of such information by the recipient which shall be
limited to the original purpose of disclosure under
subsection (b)(3)(B); and
''(B) provide that the data recipient will--
''(i) not use or further disclose the
information other than as permitted by the
qualifying data use agreement or as otherwise
required by law;
''(ii) use appropriate safeguards to
prevent use or disclosure of the information
other than as provided for by the qualifying
data use agreement; and
''(iii) ensure that any agents to whom it
provides the data agree to the same
restrictions and conditions that apply to the
data recipient with respect to such
information.''.
(b) Regulations.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall
promulgate regulations to carry out the amendment made by subsection
(a).
(c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1171(2) of the Social Security
Act (42 U.S.C. 1320d(2)) is amended by inserting before the period the
following: ''or receives a standard transaction from another entity and
processes or facilitates the processing of health information into
nonstandard format or nonstandard data content for the receiving
entity. Such term also includes an entity that carries out such
processing functions, processes standard health care claims, processes
health care claim payments or provides advice on such, and processes
eligibility claims relating to health plan transactions on behalf of a
HIPAA covered entity and in addition, engages in any of the functions
described in subsection (a) of section 13451 of the Health Information
Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act''. | Solution: Ensuring Patient Access to Healthcare Records Act of 2016 This bill amends the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act to require the Department of Health and Human Services to develop and update policies that enable certain health care clearinghouses, plans, and providersto: (1) provide patients with access to information related to their care; and (2) develop patient-engagement tools, reports, analyses, and presentations that may demonstrate benefit to the taxpayer. | fc-sni-billsum | 0 | f3ca2715fb31bbee0fe918569e1111c217e7e3b55d8e4f7b3cddfafb97165a6a |
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Problem:Context: Guanylin activates an intestinal guanylate cyclase (GCC) and stimulates electrolyte movement across the gut epithelium. Cells expressing guanylin messenger RNA have been localized to the epithelial cell layer of the intestine; however, the identity of the guanylin-producing cells has not been determined. The aim of this study was to identify cells that express guanylin in the rat intestine.', 'Antibodies were raised against defined proguanylin epitopes, evaluated by Western blotting, and used for immunoperoxidase histochemistry.', 'Guanylin-like immunoreactivity was localized to a subset of goblet cells. In the small intestine, most, perhaps all, goblet cells in the villi were immunopositive, as were some goblet cells in upper crypts; however, goblet cells deep within crypts were unlabeled. In the colon, goblet cells clustered in the necks and around the openings of crypts were immunopositive, whereas (as in the small intestine) goblet cells in deeper crypt regions were unlabeled. In some animals, immunoreactive columnar epithelial cells were also observed in the colon (although such cells were not apparent in the small intestine). Relative labeling of columnar cells varied from animal to animal.
Answer: Guanylin is expressed in mature goblet cells. If secreted in conjunction with mucin, it could play a role in the hydration of mucus.
Solution: | Is guanylin , an endogenous ligand for C-type guanylate cyclase , produced by goblet cells in the rat intestine? | fc-sni-pubmed_qa | 0 | 8d9248c2b85c86f12a0536076421314ddc5efca5522cc0032f314c5c768a15e2 |
Definition: In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Input: Sentence1: I was spending a week in new york. Sentence2: I had no transportation or money for a cab. Sentence3: I decided to take a subway to work. Sentence4: I went to the subway station and it was crowded. Sentence5: I rode for an hour very uncomfortably.
Output: | I (myself), Crowded | fc-sni-storycommonsense | 0 | 6c5966a4315e0d72bc6f657b760b85c4b0029b3b58b432f470e0029bf8250288 |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
For a movie that gets no respect there sure are a lot of memorable quotes listed for this gem. Imagine a movie where Joe Piscopo is actually funny! Maureen Stapleton is a scene stealer. The Moroni character is an absolute scream. Watch for Alan The Skipper Hale jr. as a police Sgt.
Solution: positive
Reason: There is an expression of appreciation in this movie review, hence we can say it's positive.
Now, solve this instance: I never wanted to see this film, then one day, for a joke I watched it to see how bad it was; my preconceptions were confirmed.For starters I'd like to question the politics of the film. It hides behind of mask of women 'making it big in the city' but the only way that women can make it big is through using their sexuality rather than their intelligence or skills. These women are nothing more the whores. Are slightly less attractive girls not allowed to be successful? This is not the only right wing message of the film, there are hundreds of shots of American flags and huge wads of cash. A fine example of how the only powerful thing in America is capitalism and anything of spiritual, moral or artistic value is not even given a look in of this film. Money is depicted as the only important thing to young people.The manageress of the bar states that she does not allow drug users in her bar, and then she goes on to poor gallons of hard liquor down her own neck and then the necks of her staff and customers. Any one who knows anything about intoxicants will know that liquor can be just as dangerous as heroin and more dangerous than most illegal drugs.And finally, why are scenes in which the lead character is a point of sexual interest to the audience (when she is getting undressed or with her boyfriend) is her father always involved? We watch get her undressed with the camera virtually caressing her legs while she is one the phone to her father. She 'auctions' her father just as she 'auctions' her boyfriend. I find this most strange.In conclusion, this film is immoral, fascistic, degrading to women and frankly, disturbing. But what else do you expect from Jerry Bruckhiemer?
Student: | negative | fc-sni-imdb | 0 | 2d2afbb37f99343d54b091d71bf104cdc2856c0123e708c41d96ca815792e12b |
Definition: Your task is to generate the next utterance in a given dialogue. You will be given a few sentences describing the personality of the person who is making the dialogue, and a history of the dialogue after that. Each line in the history is said by one of the two participants in the conversation.
Input: Personality: I like swimming.
I love spicy food.
My mother is a housemaid.
I'm an only child.
Chat history: -Where do you like to travel and why?
-Hi there, I usually travel to family friendly locations because I've three young children.
-I love to travel to Greece because I grew up there.
-I love greek food, I'm always snacking on hummus with pita.
-Greek food is the best. I love the gyro.
-Do you have any hobbies?
-I love to sing and cook.
-I love singing too! I sing in the car on my way to work.
-Nice. That is the best. Ha! ha!
-Do you have any children? We have three and are thinking of having a fourth.
-I do not have any children but I will have in the future.
-They are a lot of work, but so worth it!
Output: | I love kids. Children are a bundle of joy. | fc-sni-personachat | 0 | b5532a6abd4588e056f7ef095bf58be67c3e3af3084f6026603fb7d331ab4751 |
TASK DEFINITION: You are given a paragraph (Passage), a question (Question) and two answer options (Option1 and Option2). Your task is to find the correct answer (and return the string of the correct option, not option1/2) for the given question from the given options and based on the given passage. Answer of the question can be found directly from the passage.
PROBLEM: Passage: On a bright , sunny Monday morning I put on some light clothes and headed outside to mow my lawn . I opened the garage door , put on my sunglasses , and grabbed a bottle of cold water . I gassed up the lawn mower with my portable gas tank . I cranked to mower , and on the third try it started . I pushed the mower back and forth throughout my yard , creating straight and conformed lines . Once I had completely mowed the front of my yard , I turned the mower off and took long drinks of my water . Making straight lines in the grass , I completed the backyard , as well . As I turned my mower off , a neighbor who was passing by waved and gave me a smile . I smiled back and continued to clean up and put my mower away . Question: What did they push into the yard? Option1: The neighbor. Option2: the lawnmower
SOLUTION: the lawnmower
PROBLEM: Passage: It was a nice day in Phoenix . We had another couple visiting our house with their ten year old daughter . It was about 85 degrees on an early April day . The visitors had never seen the Grand Canyon , so we decided to drive north to show them the Grand Canyon . As we proceeded north from Phoenix , the highway started going up hill as we entered the foothills of the mountains . We saw large saguaro cactus on both sides of the highway . Some stood fifteen to twenty feet tall and we told out visitors that one foot of the cactus weighs 100 pounds . In just a few more miles , there was thick snow on the ground and the road surface was very slippery . We were less than one hour away from the 85 degree temperatures of Phoenix . We did not want to risk driving in the dangerous snow , so we turned around and went swimming in Phoenix . Question: What was the weather condition they left to go swimming? Option1: snow Option2: fog
SOLUTION: snow
PROBLEM: Passage: I wake up at about noon . I ca n't believe I missed my alarm clock again . I need to be at my sister 's office in 20 minutes . An uber driver was fortunately just a few blocks away and snags me , so it appears that things are going well so far . I get into his car and am sweating and visibly stresses . The cab driver , a man named Marcus , asks how I am doing in a very down to Earth way . As I finish my sentence I hear a man on his radio say '' You just got to relax . '' Marcus was playing some peaceful reggae music , and just hearing that line was enough for me to do that . I relaxed , and was soon at my destination a couple minutes early Question: What were they in? Option1: an Uber car Option2: their sister's office
SOLUTION: | an Uber car | fc-sni-mcscript | 0 | 21c1622e15a5d9677f765b4615e2995fa68a56e0c562ea8cbecca37af671f2cf |
In this task you will be given some text dialogue and you need to infer the underlying emotion of the text. The possible emotions are happy, sad, angry, or other.
--------
Question: how about you tired of life or just your day aha i'm happy today thanks for asking wow great
Answer: happy
Question: just shut up your choice is so bad also 'you shut your face' you pig
Answer: angry
Question: fever disappointedface dont be disappointed you will surely have fun in tomorrows contest there is no contest tomorrow
Answer: | sad | fc-sni-emo | 0 | 22569bbc45007df630a9bcefbbcf9948c05cfe3dc9dec6fc0bff5884f1641b1e |
Q: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Wht helped Darwin get a better understanding of the landscapes during his travels?, Context: In December 1831, he joined the Beagle expedition as a gentleman naturalist and geologist. He read Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology and from the first stop ashore, at St. Jago, found Lyell's uniformitarianism a key to the geological history of landscapes. Darwin discovered fossils resembling huge armadillos, and noted the geographical distribution of modern species in hope of finding their "centre of creation". The three Fuegian missionaries the expedition returned to Tierra del Fuego were friendly and civilised, yet to Darwin their relatives on the island seemed "miserable, degraded savages", and he no longer saw an unbridgeable gap between humans and animals. As the Beagle neared England in 1836, he noted that species might not be fixed.
A: | Lyell's uniformitarianism | fc-sni-adversarial_qa | 0 | 1d501102a9e6028d2d8d6dff1cff4d1b2a41d2f8efde8fe2ea2442c8770ef09c |
instruction:
Categorize the comment on the basis of toxicity. If the comment is toxic (harmful, malicious, derogatory, threat, insult, identity attck, etc.) output Yes, otherwise output No.
question:
But Henry Kissinger is a war criminal. Why would any thinking voter vote for Killery, who listens to a war criminal like Kissinger or Madeline Albright? What kind humans are these " super delegates", even that term seems unAmerican, who support candidates who lack integrity?
answer:
No
question:
Don't let the oil/gas bastards snow you. They sucked off of the public purse for years and it is time for the bastards to give back
answer:
Yes
question:
repeating the same babbling nonsense doesn't make it fact, it shows a lack of intelligence. It isn't an issue of prediction. Your argument is deluded straw. Furthermore it's in print and you still fail to follow the discussion. I advocate teaching algebra as an elective, not remove it entirely from the curriculum as you ignorantly post. furthermore you run like a coward from the facts I referenced as to how this is causing a dropout problem, a fact your delusions refuse to accept.
answer: | Yes | fc-sni-civil_comments | 0 | fbba7a480df6b0082eef39853151d8893983664ada41e3cc524c17ae364f7fe1 |
In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Your job is to write a single word that describes the genre that the two sentences belong to, such as face-to-face, government, letters, 9/11, slate, telephone, travel, verbatim, oup, fiction.
Q: Sentence 1: The 1801 wreck of a British warship on a reef 5 km (3 miles) offshore is a diver's for the non-scuba set there's a glass-bottomed boat you can take to see big groupers and perhaps sea turtles swimming around the sunken ship's cannon. Sentence 2: You can book a trip on a boat with a glass bottom.
A: travel
****
Q: Sentence 1: They say top decision-makers will be too far from the individuals and non-profit agencies that rely on the office for help. Sentence 2: Individuals and top decision makers will be too far apart and will have limited contact with each other.
A: government
****
Q: Sentence 1: The prime directives of state planning emphasize quality, training, holistic legal services and cross-program advocacy, and LSC and its grantees have paid increasing attention to the quality of the services we provide to our clients. Sentence 2: The state wants to make money off their legal services.
A: | government
**** | fc-sni-multinli | 0 | 4cf529ccd59481bd8abc95a929d7ad4106a67f0637def6fe1458c78afbc9bf1b |
This task is to find the number of 'For' loops present in the given cpp program.
Q: /*???2011?11?28?
*??????
*????division.cpp
*????? - 1090 ????
*/
int main()
{
int n = 0, integer = 0; //???????????n?????plate????apple
int division(int, int); //????putapple??????????plate?????
//apple???????????
cin >> n; //??????n
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cin >> integer;
cout << division(integer, integer) << endl; //??????????putapple????????
}
return 0;
}
int division(int integer, int limit)
{
if (limit <= 1)
return 0;
switch(integer)
{
case 1:
return 1;
break;
default:
{
int sum = 0;
for (int a = 1; a <= integer; a++)
{
if (integer%a != 0)
continue;
else if (integer/a > limit)
continue;
else
sum += division(a, integer/a);
}
return sum;
}
break;
}
}
A: | 2 | fc-sni-codexglue | 0 | b93f65ba2a54e1cde9d816ac9897e8daf001a29b99f7842e3f010cbddb3475e4 |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Q: The religious leaders Buddhist, Hindu, Christian and Islam said on Friday that the worsening situation in the country was not acceptable. The Ven.Depana Dhammalankara Anu Nayaka thera, the chancellor of the Sri Jayawardenapura University, the Rajamaha Viharadhipathi of the Bellawila Temple the Ven. Prof. Bellanwila Wimalarathana Thera, and Head of the Roman Catholic Church, Archbishop Oswald Gomis were among the religious leaders present at a press conference in Colombo. Ven. Prof.Bellanwila Wimalarathana Thera told Sandesaya that they also denounced the forcible eviction of the Tamil people from lodges in Colombo. Foolish act If it was an act by the government; the leaders described it is as a foolish decision, the thera said. The religious leaders have also pointed out that to take action to tackle terrorism is a different issue but all the Tamil people could not be treated as terrorists and they have the right to live anywhere in the country, Ven. There said. Apology not enough The religious leaders while appreciating Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickremanayake's gesture to apologise as to what happened was a mistake, say that that alone would not be enough but take measures to identify those responsible and punish them. The Congress of religious leaders also issued a joint public statement denouncing the human rights violations.
A: | Human rights violations condemned | fc-sni-xlsum | 0 | af75db7a29e521e704021c19e77a9fea387f86d28a07ddfed5ecbedad4f1836d |
In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words.
Example input: Mixed precision training (MPT) is becoming a practical technique to improve the speed and energy efficiency of training deep neural networks by leveraging the fast hardware support for IEEE half-precision floating point that is available in existing GPUs. MPT is typically used in combination with a technique called loss scaling, that works by scaling up the loss value up before the start of backpropagation in order to minimize the impact of numerical underflow on training. Unfortunately, existing methods make this loss scale value a hyperparameter that needs to be tuned per-model, and a single scale cannot be adapted to different layers at different training stages. We introduce a loss scaling-based training method called adaptive loss scaling that makes MPT easier and more practical to use, by removing the need to tune a model-specific loss scale hyperparameter. We achieve this by introducing layer-wise loss scale values which are automatically computed during training to deal with underflow more effectively than existing methods. We present experimental results on a variety of networks and tasks that show our approach can shorten the time to convergence and improve accuracy, compared with using the existing state-of-the-art MPT and single-precision floating point.
Example output: We devise adaptive loss scaling to improve mixed precision training that surpass the state-of-the-art results.
Example explanation: The abstract focusses on designing an adaptive loss scaling method, hence the generated output is correct.
Q: We develop new approximation and statistical learning theories of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) via the ResNet-type structure where the channel size, filter size, and width are fixed. It is shown that a ResNet-type CNN is a universal approximator and its expression ability is no worse than fully-connected neural networks (FNNs) with a extit{block-sparse} structure even if the size of each layer in the CNN is fixed. Our result is general in the sense that we can automatically translate any approximation rate achieved by block-sparse FNNs into that by CNNs. Thanks to the general theory, it is shown that learning on CNNs satisfies optimality in approximation and estimation of several important function classes.
As applications, we consider two types of function classes to be estimated: the Barron class and H"older class. We prove the clipped empirical risk minimization (ERM) estimator can achieve the same rate as FNNs even the channel size, filter size, and width of CNNs are constant with respect to the sample size. This is minimax optimal (up to logarithmic factors) for the H"older class. Our proof is based on sophisticated evaluations of the covering number of CNNs and the non-trivial parameter rescaling technique to control the Lipschitz constant of CNNs to be constructed.
A: | It is shown that ResNet-type CNNs are a universal approximator and its expression ability is not worse than fully connected neural networks (FNNs) with a extit{block-sparse} structure even if the size of each layer in the CNN is fixed. | fc-sni-scitldr | 0 | a404e2d64ceeaac6bb40d7a5407a880617d76196651a6e96d6e9f654e2036ce2 |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
By Ric BaileyBBC chief adviser, editorial standards The BBC is required by electoral law to adopt a code of practice, ensuring fairness between candidates, and that is particularly important on polling day. The code of practice is contained in more detailed election guidelines which are written and published for each election. They include more guidance about polling day, and you can read them here. On polling day specifically, the BBC doesn't report on any of the election campaigns from 00:30 GMT until polls close at 22:00 GMT, on TV, radio or bbc.co.uk or on social media and other channels. However, online sites do not have to remove archived reports, including, for instance, programmes on iPlayer. The lists of candidates in each constituency and the guide to parties' policies remain available online during polling day. Coverage on the day is usually restricted to uncontroversial factual accounts, such as the appearance of politicians at polling stations, or the weather. It tends to focus on giving information which will help voters with the process of going to polling stations. Subjects which have been directly at issue or part of the campaign must not be covered while polls in the UK are open. No opinion poll on any issue relating to politics or the election can be published until after the polls have closed. Whilst the polls are open, it is a criminal offence to publish anything about the way in which people have voted in that election. From 22:00 GMT, normal reporting of the election resumes, with rolling coverage. | General election 2019: How the BBC reports polling day | fc-sni-xlsum | 0 | 108a814420299d32da46d1b1c9a67bf87466a61c60c558ef75b750c97a91ce15 |
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
[EX Q]: Context: Barrett esophagus (BE) is considered precursor condition of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Its incidence and prevalence are increasing in general population. Studies reported that metabolic syndrome (MS) or diabetes mellitus (DM) is related to increased risk of BE. Current study was to assess and better understand the relationship between MS /DM and BE.', "Electronic search was conducted in the database Pubmed/Medline (-December, 2015), Embase (-December, 2015), Cochrane Library (-December, 2015), and Web of Knowledge (-December, 2015). Studies included were assessed with summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and compared exposure group with control group. The heterogeneity was examined by the funnel plot and the Egger's test. Subgroup analyses and sensitive analyses were performed for the detection of possible heterogeneity and impact on stability of analysis results.", "Twelve publications met the criteria and included 355,311 subjects were analyzed. The pooled results showed MS was closely associated with increased risk of BE (OR=1.23; 95%CI 1.03-1.47; P=0.024), and yet DM did not significantly increase the risk of BE (OR=1.07; 95%CI 0.82-1.38; P=0.627). Substantial heterogeneities were detected. No significant publication bias was detected by Egger's test (P=0.23).
Answer: Based on the results of current meta-analysis, MS is associated with increased risk of BE. Further long-term follow-up prospective study needs to verify the current results, and definite pathophysiological mechanism needs to be further investigated and clearly elucidated.
[EX A]: Is metabolic syndrome associated with increased risk of Barrett esophagus : A meta-analysis?
[EX Q]: Context: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with that of medical treatment, based on data from the Japan Stroke Registry Study.', 'From 1999 to 2001, 1010 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were registered in the Japan Standard Stroke Registry Study from 45 stroke center hospitals in Japan. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Japan Stroke Scale (JSS), and modified Rankin Scale scores were used to compare severity and improvement in patients given surgical and medical treatment.
Answer: Surgically treated patients, especially those with cerebellar hemorrhage, had significantly greater improvement in NIHSS or JSS score compared with medically treated patients. Our findings indicated that the patients who underwent surgery appeared to have better outcomes. But, because the study was not randomized, this observation cannot be interpreted as indicating that surgery is advantageous.
[EX A]: Does surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage have greater remedial value than conservative therapy?
[EX Q]: Context: Multiple population-based studies have suggested increasing omission of radiation therapy in favor of alternative treatment strategies in lymphomas, with an associated negative impact on survival. Radiation therapy has long been considered the standard management for many mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. Thus, we aimed to evaluate patterns of treatment utilization and survival.', 'A retrospective analysis based on the National Cancer Database was performed on 22,378 patients with splenic, nodal, or extranodal stage I-II marginal zone lymphoma diagnosed between 1998 and 2012. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between sociodemographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics and the utilization of radiation therapy. Multivariate propensity score-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were performed to identify factors independently associated with overall survival (OS).', 'Of 22,378 patients, 82% had stage I disease, 77% had extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, 5% had splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and 64% were older than 60 years. Radiation therapy utilization decreased from a peak of 39% in 2007 to 33% in 2011 (P < .001), with a corresponding significant increase in systemic therapy utilization. Radiation therapy was associated with a 5- and 10-year OS of 86.7% and 68.8% compared with 78.3% and 54.3% for no radiation therapy (P < .001). On multivariate propensity score-adjusted survival analysis, radiation therapy remained independently associated with improved OS (hazard of death, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.85; P < .001).
Answer: Although clinical guidelines endorse radiation therapy as the preferred initial therapy for early-stage nongastric and Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, radiation therapy is underused. Radiation therapy with or without systemic therapy was associated with a significant improvement in OS and should remain standard of care.
[EX A]: | Does underutilization of radiation therapy in early-stage marginal zone lymphoma negatively impact overall survival? | fc-sni-pubmed_qa | 0 | 9f6f0625ded86b65920ad26e7016d46c3ebb7106537c39a2c83b08d8d2a2e474 |
Teacher: In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught, genius-level intellect, though he works as a janitor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie (Ben Affleck), Billy (Cole Hauser) and Morgan (Casey Affleck). When Professor Gerald Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgard) posts a difficult mathematics problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the graduate students and Lambeau himself. As a challenge to the unknown genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Lambeau chances upon Will solving the problem but Will flees the scene. That night at a bar, Will meets Skylar (Minnie Driver), a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford and gives Will her phone number before leaving.
Solution: Question: How old is Will Hunting in the movie ?, Answer: Twenty years
Reason: This is a good question which results in a factoid answer, and the answer is correct too.
Now, solve this instance: The film opens to a night-time scene. A woman urinates on the grass by the side of the road. She then pulls up her underwear and enters the nearby car, where her husband is waiting for her. Then they drive away. The couple have lost their way in the night, and subsequently run off the side of the road. The next scene occurs in daytime, and depicts their corpses. The man has lost an eyeball, but remains inside the vehicle. While the woman was thrown off the vehicle, and her body was cut in two pieces.[4]The film centers on Rob Schmadtke, the tragic hero, who works for "Joe's Cleaning Agency", a company that removes bodies from public areas. They clean up the mess after traffic collisions. Their emblem is the Totenkopf symbol (skull and crossbones variant) within a pentagram.[4][5] This job leaves him the perfect opportunity to pursue his full-time hobby: necrophilia. He returns home from his job to his apartment and girlfriend, Betty. He plays with his assortment of preserved human remains and watches television while Betty takes a bath in blood-laden water. Their apartment is decorated with centerfolds featuring models, pictures of famed killers, and jars containing human parts, which are preserved in formaldehyde.[4]Rob watches a televised interview of a psychiatrist, speaking on the topic of arachnophobia and ways to overcome phobias. Rob then enters a daydream of a young lop rabbit being caught on a farm and graphically slaughtered. By implication, these are memories of his father killing "a beloved childhood pet". Followed by memories of a pathologist performing an autopsy on a human cadaver.[4] The following scene is seemingly unrelated. A man drinks beer and practices with his rifle at the same time, while listening to an oom-pah rhythm. The character would not seem out of place in a Heimatfilm. He accidentally kills a nearby gardener, and then discards the corpse.[4][5]Rob then returns to work and discovers his new obsession, a whole rotting corpse. The corpse of the unnamed gardener.[4] It is discovered in a pond, and during the removal process Rob absconds with it. He excitedly returns home to Betty like a husband returning with a romantic gift for his awaiting wife. They immediately cut a steel pipe and put a condom over it so Betty will have a phallus to straddle during their menage a trois. This is immediately followed by a jump shot of grilling meat which is never established as either human or otherwise.Betty and Rob dine and converse while watching their new "toy" hang on the wall, while plates collect the fluids that drip out. Rob goes to work the next day to be confronted by his co-workers, who are tired of him leaving his dirty suit to fester in his locker and for his constant tardiness. His foreman Bruno (Harald Lundt), who disliked him to begin with, bullied him up the stairs to see the boss. Rob is fired on the spot.[4]The film then jumps to Betty in the apartment, reading a love story to the corpse. She asks the corpse if it could feel the love in the story and begins to straddle the face of the corpse. When Rob returns, he informs Betty of his termination and she berates him for his failure as well as the fact that he did not stand up for himself. He comes home later and finds that Betty has left and has taken the corpse. In a violent outburst, he kills their cat and bathes with its blood and entrails in the tub while the body hangs over the tub. He then leaves to go to see a film, a low-grade horror film. After being bullied by a fellow movie-goer, Rob leaves to go back to his apartment, visibly despondent.[4]Once there, he attempts suicide with pills and whiskey. He begins to drift into a dream where he emerges from a garbage bag as a partially decaying Rob. He is soon greeted by a woman in white who gives him a corpse's head and they begin to dance, tossing the head and entrails of a body back and forth. Once he wakes up, he leaves his apartment and hires a prostitute. They go to a cemetery, where he hopes the environment would help satisfy his libido. He fails to perform sexually and the prostitute mocks him. He strangles her and then has sex with her corpse.[4] He is startled as he awakes beside her with an old gardener standing over them. Rob grabs the man's shovel and chops his head off.[4] This is followed by Rob running along the coast.The film closes with Rob's suicide. A grisly "climax" to the film, which is composed of Rob stabbing himself while ejaculating. This scene is filled with flashbacks to the rabbit slaughter seen earlier in the film, but in reverse. In a final ironic twist, the camera depicts seeing Rob's gravestone while a woman starts digging him up. Only her foot is depicted, in stockings and high-heeled footwear.[4]
Student: | Question: Who does the man with the rifle kill?, Answer: a gardener | fc-sni-duorc | 0 | 20c06b048c9279197931ce9a3464b8a1be65c92db63ba8d533201355d5ec6b3f |
Teacher:In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story sounds fully coherent.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Sentence1: John went skydiving for the first time. Sentence2: He went with an instructor on a plane into the air. Sentence3: He screamed when they jumped. Sentence4: John was terribly afraid of heights and passed out.
(A) John loved every second of the skydiving trip. (B) When he woke up, he had already landed.
Student: | B | fc-sni-roc_stories | 0 | 34883a7de97c2b619e84753be360ba6786aef1c191ae838170cb5ae41895711a |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Example input: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Example output: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Example explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Q: The report by the House of Lords found young people in seaside towns were being "let down and left behind" by a lack of post-16 education and employment. But Sally Ann Lycett got in touch to tell us that this bleak outlook did not match up to her view of Bexhill-on-Sea on the coast of East Sussex. She sent us photos from "flagship cultural and social hub" the De La Warr Pavilion as it hosted its fourth community-led jobs fair. Director of the venue Stewart Drew said some seaside towns had been "reinventing themselves for decades". "Bexhill is a tight, entrepreneurial community with a strong heart and sense of civic pride," he said. Over 120 people have taken up employed positions and hundreds more introduced to new possibilities since the jobs fair started four years ago, he said. The report said limited access to further and higher education was "severely curtailing opportunities and denting aspirations" for young people in some coastal areas. Dr Paul Phillips, principal of Weston College, in Weston-super-Mare, said he "wholeheartedly disagreed" with the House of Lords report. "We see our role as creating brighter futures, and this is supported by our academic results over the last 12 months," he said. "Thirty-one per cent of our HE (higher education) students achieved first-class honours degrees, we have a 99% pass rate in academic and vocational studies, plus we are bucking the national trend in areas such as apprenticeships and traineeships." Weston College has four campuses, including one dedicated to higher education, in partnership with the University of the West of England, Bristol and Bath Spa University. A new construction training centre will open imminently and a new campus dedicated to health and active living will open in September. Jess Morris, BID (business improvement district) manager in Penzance, Cornwall, said she was part of the group that met members of the parliamentary select committee on their tour of the seaside. "They spent about three hours here and we showed them some of the challenges we face and talked about our five-year place shaping plan," she said. "Our seawater lido has been refurbished over the last five years after it was nearly destroyed in a storm in 2014. "It's undergoing work to create the only geothermal pool in the country." It was part crowd-funded by 1,500 people who bought shares in the pool, she said. Penzance held its first monthly Saturday street market after receiving a grant to buy stalls, and new planters have been placed along the promenade, she said. "If coastal towns are proactive and work together, the opportunities are there for the taking." This story was inspired by feedback from readers of Seaside towns 'desperate for reinvention'
A: | How seaside towns are fighting back | fc-sni-xlsum | 0 | 411f7c4b76699ec8f4462d4804a4a3a3327ca5bed806dbe51d15ffc3ecb24e73 |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you're given a context passage, followed by a question that needs to be answered. Based on the paragraph, you must write unambiguous answers to the questions and your answer must refer to a specific phrase from the paragraph. If multiple answers seem to exist, write the answer that is the most plausible.
And my crewmates also freaked out when shane dropped a sugar bowl , and I walked throug the glass pieces " OH MY GOD , DON'T WALK , THERE'S GLASS THERE ! " . They started to view me as some strange sort of mystic , but I just assured them it was all due to very thick skin on my hands and feet . Eventually I went for a walk ... and discovered the " water dancer " .
Question: What may have caused your crewmates to freak out ? | I performed a remarkable feat . | fc-sni-mocha | 0 | f945bbe1b41c3689bec9402ceed9930df0c625572a43413d4c1d86f9e6eac0ee |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a sentence and your task is to generate a simplified sentence that focuses on lexical paraphrasing from the original sentence given in the input.
Problem:the subsequent campaigns were more or less successful , and the imperial exarchate was established in ravenna to oversee italy , though actually imperial influence was often limited.
Solution: | the campaigns were successful and the imperial exarchate was established in ravenna to oversee italy. | fc-sni-turk | 0 | c12700a28a6e7991c5f08932cedd5204078d1d8d8ed6b078f6515355eb9162d1 |
Teacher:You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: I don't see how there can be good quality salmon in this or lentils.....it is mostly potato and pollack (substitute cheap fish) --- this is really terrible for organic baby food - ugh, if i only had a cat to feed it to....
Student: | Negative | fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews | 0 | 79a4209265a3aa69af651bde7e4bc96eb72e9d5f6585b2ea06798327f5fe7bd0 |
Instructions: Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Input: South Africa's ruling Africa National Congress (ANC) party has decided to formally ask corruption-dogged President Jacob Zuma to step down following a marathon meeting by the party's leadership this week.
The ANC's executive committee gave the embattled president a 48-hour deadline to resign Reuters reports.
Zuma has refused repeated calls to relinquish the presidency amid mounting graft scandals and despite the election of deputy president Cyril Ramaphosa as leader in December. Zuma who has served as South Africa's president since 2009 has insisted on seeing out the end of his term in mid-2019.
It remains unclear if Zuma 75 will relent on Tuesday but if he does not he is expected to face a vote of confidence in parliament that he is likely lose further jeopardizing his grip on power the BBC reports.
Zuma 's popularity has plunged as his second presidential term has been married by allegations of corruption and mismanagement of state funds.
In 2016 South Africa's highest court ruled that Zuma violated his oath of office when he used an estimated $15 million of government money to upgrade his private home. Zuma later repaid some of the funds but the BBC says a court ruled that parliament failed to properly hold the president to account and must lay down guidelines for impeachment.
In October South Africa's Supreme Court of Appeal moved to reopen nearly 800 corruption charges against Zuma related to a $2 billion government arms deal in the 1990s.
Zuma 's alleged links to South Africa's influential Gupta family who are suspected of brokering influence in the government also led the ANC to open a probe last year.
Output: | South Africa: ANC Moves to Recall President Jacob Zuma | fc-sni-persent | 0 | 73bfa95356ba7c3bda598722ca89eb99e62b91bb1ef2c630b837641009742c06 |
Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.
--------
Question: When did Tugh Temur find no wait I mean destroy his academy?
Answer: When did Tugh Temur destroy his academy?
Question: When was no How long was the Leon Theatre in operation?
Answer: How long was the Leon Theatre in operation?
Question: What behavior causes antiforms or uh sorry rocks deeper in the earth to fault instead of folding?
Answer: | What behaviour causes rocks deeper in the earth to fault instead of folding? | fc-sni-disfl_qa | 0 | f486e927adfc41465b2358e1a8413d4b189be58149cfcf5b5bd5ed02849081c8 |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Problem:Skipper Pete Wilcox, 60, and campaigners David John Haussmann, 49, and Camila Speziale, 21, had appealed against a pre-trial detention order. They are among 30 people being held in the city of Murmansk on piracy charges. A bail hearing is due to take place on Tuesday for Briton Frank Hewetson. Mr Hewetson, 45, who was a logistics co-ordinator on the ship, will appear alongside Swiss activist Marco Weber and Cristian D'Alessandro of Italy, according to a Greenpeace statement on Twitter. The Arctic Sunrise was seized nearly four weeks ago by Russian security forces after some activists tried to scale an offshore oil platform. So far all bail applications in the case have been refused. International concern Mr Willcox, a veteran campaigner who was at the helm of the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior when it was bombed and sunk by the French secret service in 1985, denied the charges against him in court. "I've been working on ships doing environmental work for 40 years. Never before have I been accused of using violence or doing something for my own personal gain. And I reject these accusations in the strongest way possible," he said. Russian news agencies quoted him as saying that he had many regrets and that if he could start again, he would have stayed in New York. "He is a hero not a pirate," his wife Maggie said in a statement. Meanwhile Greenpeace quoted Camila Speziale, who has Italian and Argentine citizenship, saying: "I'm innocent and I do not understand what I'm accused of." There is widespread international concern for the crew of the Arctic Sunrise, who hail from 18 nations and include six Britons. All those arrested have been accused of piracy, which carries a maximum sentence of 15 years. The group have been placed in pre-trial detention until late November. The Netherlands has demanded the immediate release of the detainees as well as the release of the Dutch-flagged ship.
Solution: | Greenpeace ship captain denied bail in Russia hearing | fc-sni-xlsum | 0 | 6951b0ac0fe5f6c378a0798b4fb2b08ab654229b8b582c6b916701df4d7fcf17 |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
Input: This movie is one of my favorites because it makes me think of all the choices I have made and how my life would change if my choices had been different. It plays right into the " Multiple Universe " theory.The only thing that doesn't ring true is how Larry Burrows ( James Belushi)has such a hard time understanding what is going on, that everything has changed.
Output: | positive | fc-sni-imdb | 0 | e4cb759b9a36995d4975647fdcdc523f5d33d0349aca9c6d939fb94869bc7183 |
Q: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
The largest labor movement in this country was organized by Carlos Mahecha and Maria Cano, but was crippled when a general fired into a demonstration in 1929. Jorge Eliecer Gaitan orated against the "masacre de las bananeras" and presented its Congress with the skull of a child killed by the Army. Gaitan's assassination in 1948 is regarded as the start of "La Violencia", a still-existing war in this country between liberals and conservatives. Though once ravaged by a conflict over banana workers' unions, this country is now home to a group, often described as "narcoterrorists," which kidnaps politicians. For 10 points, name this country, the home base of FARC.
A: | History | fc-sni-qanta | 0 | 8374f00e4dec18ec42f4420499ff1710b6c673191a0c0830546178784284c789 |
Your task is to generate the next utterance in a given dialogue. You will be given a few sentences describing the personality of the person who is making the dialogue, and a history of the dialogue after that. Each line in the history is said by one of the two participants in the conversation.
Q: Personality: I am thirty two years old.
I'm on a diet.
I can t drive.
I'm a house wife.
I've been married eight years.
Chat history: -Hi, how are you today?
-Hi. can you drive me to weight watchers?
-How far away is it?
-I am not sure. I do not usually leave the house.
-What is your favorite food? Mine is pizza.
-Mine was pizza. Now it is carrots.
-Oh, that's good. Are you in a relationship?
A: | I married my sweetheart eight years ago today. | fc-sni-personachat | 0 | 59c8d9c637979823d0705d4fc4c27556bdecc1e161fb27992c30467d69c068c7 |
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
Example Input: One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours. This country was led by (*) Nicolas Sarkozy until the 2012 elections. For 10 points, name this country once led by Charles de Gaulle.
Example Output: History
Example Input: The final ruler of this dynasty severed his daughter's arm in an attempt to kill his entire family during its final days. In one criminal case, this dynasty saw an expansion of the "Nine Exterminations" to also include the killing of friends as well as family members. The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception was founded in this dynasty's capital by one of its advisors, Matteo Ricci. This dynasty dispatched the treasure ships of the admiral Zheng He and moved the empire's capital from Nanking. It was founded by a former leader of the Red Turban rebellion, the Hongwu Emperor. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that made Beijing the capital, succeeded the Mongols, and was itself supplanted by the Manchus in the 1640's.
Example Output: History
Example Input: One work by this artist shows a woman holding flowers on her birthday while her boyfriend in a green shirt floats above ground and greatly contorts his neck to kiss her. His pictures of himself, which generally show him painting, include Autoportrait and Self-Portrait with Seven Fingers. Another work shows a red Notre Dame, a cloud that looks like a woman, and, in its upper right corner, an enormous bouquet of flowers. There is debate over whether the appearance of the Russian Red Army in one of his works is supposed to represent hope or danger, and historians also question his decision to cover up that work's Nazi references. Those works are View of Paris and White Crucifixion. Name this artist who showed a black-clothed man holding a scythe, an upside-down woman, the large face of a goat, and the large face of a green man in I and the Village.
Example Output: | Fine Arts | fc-sni-qanta | 0 | 1f69caef48ac20bb003fa39ede503ab9fcea1329d613062dbb7b8aada3c78d1c |
TASK DEFINITION: The input contains a debate topic, an argument on the topic and a keypoint, separated by "<sep>". Your task is to answer if the keypoint matches the argument and summarizes exactly what the argument means, in the context of the given topic.
PROBLEM: Topic: We should introduce compulsory voting<sep>Argument: It is the duty of eveyone to be aware of the political situation and have your say for your benefit<sep>Keypoint: Compulsory voting increases representation
SOLUTION: False
PROBLEM: Topic: We should prohibit flag burning<sep>Argument: We should prohibit flag burning as it shows absolute no respect for one's country.<sep>Keypoint: Flags are important symbols that should be respected
SOLUTION: True
PROBLEM: Topic: The vow of celibacy should be abandoned<sep>Argument: The vow of celibacy must be abandoned because it is something old, the world has evolved and this is going to be understood by the faithful.<sep>Keypoint: Celibacy is too pressuring/diffcult
SOLUTION: | False | fc-sni-argkp | 0 | 4e0a1648dc7976c627b83b69812a279d412434adc4d2e853cc97fc28c7614b2c |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Q: Who were the Spanish monarchs that financed Christopher Columbus?, Context: The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century particularly under Henry the Navigator gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492.
A: Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon
****
Q: Who proposed that biological measure should be developed and used?, Context: In the paper "Who's Gay? Does It Matter?", Ritch Savin-Williams proposes two different approaches to assessing sexual orientation until well positioned and psychometrically sound and tested definitions are developed that would allow research to reliably identify the prevalence, causes, and consequences of homosexuality. He first suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction over behaviour and identity because it is less prone to self- and other-deception, social conditions and variable meanings. To measure attraction and arousal he proposed that biological measures should be developed and used. There are numerous biological/physiological measures that exist that can measure sexual orientation such as sexual arousal, brain scans, eye tracking, body odour preference, and anatomical variations such as digit-length ratio and right or left handedness. Secondly, Savin-Williams suggests that researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether and assess only those components that are relevant for the research question being investigated. For example:
A: Ritch Savin-Williams
****
Q: Spouses make up?, Context: In the city, the population was spread out with 21.9% at age 19 and under, 14.3% from 20 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males. There were 252,699 households, of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 25.5% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.0% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.08.
A: | 25.5%
**** | fc-sni-adversarial_qa | 0 | cd87c4664ade55feae1415006865e838d46fc78e750be8613949e4d8ba869fac |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Q: Opposition parties want to try and bring down the government to stop a no-deal Brexit. Labour leader Mr Corbyn wants MPs to vote to make him caretaker prime minister. But new Brecon and Radnorshire MP Jane Dodds said he must prove he has enough backing from Conservatives first. Liberal Democrat leader Jo Swinson believes Tory Ken Clarke or Harriet Harman would have more backing from MPs to take on the role. However, Ms Dodds said: "He needs to say 'I have the eight Conservatives that are needed, these are their names, they are prepared to see me as PM' and put them forward. "If he has the numbers, let's see them." Prime Minister Boris Johnson plans to take the UK out of the EU on 31 October without a deal if a new one is not negotiated. Opposition parties in the Commons plan to call a vote of no confidence when they return from their summer break in September and want to use the support of rebel Tories to bring down his government. Aberconwy Tory MP Guto Bebb has urged his party members to "take seriously" Mr Corbyn's proposals. But Ms Swinson has put forward Mr Clarke and Labour's Ms Harman - who are the longest continuously-serving male and female MPs - as potential caretakers. Ms Dodds said the party has written to Mr Corbyn and said "we will get behind you" if he proves he has the support and sets out a clear plan. However, she does not believe he could muster the necessary levels. "We have one opportunity to form a government of national unity - time is running out - it needs to be absolutely right," Ms Dodds told BBC Radio Wales' Sunday Supplement. "It needs to be someone with authority to take people forward so on 31 October we don't crash out of Europe. "Whoever is able to be in that position of authority to command numbers and authority, we will back them." Calling the situation an "emergency", she suggested Mr Clarke would command credibility across the Conservative Party, adding: "This is something Jeremy Corbyn or Jo Swinson could not do."
A: Jeremy Corbyn urged to prove he has backing to be PM
****
Q: The new owners of the former Millbrook House Hotel, CCA Galleries, have put forward a 14m redevelopment of the site. A spa, cookery school, restaurant, self-catering cottages and eco-pods are also planned. Local artists will have their work featured in the hotel and grounds and some will be asked to design rooms. Owner of CCA Galleries, Lance Trevellyan, thinks Jersey will benefit from changes to the way people travel post-pandemic, adding: "You have to look forward to the future. "Jersey's ideally suited in my mind because I believe people are not going to be so inclined - certainly for the next five years - to travel too far from home and its proximity to the mainland, I think is ideal." Local residents are being asked for their views on the new vision for the hotel, which has been closed for the past three years. Follow BBC Jersey on Twitter and Facebook. Send your story ideas to [email protected] Related Internet Links Government of Jersey - Planning and building
A: Jersey Millbrook hotel renovation to create 40 jobs
****
Q: By Vincent DowdArts reporter, BBC News Despite the violent way she died, there are times when Conroy can only smile at the memory of the war correspondent Colvin. "I met Marie about 15 years ago. We were both trying to get into northern Iraq from Syria. I'd built a boat to cross the Tigris river out of lorry inner tubes and bits of wood and basically string. "But I got captured and was sent back and in the journalists' bar no one would speak to me because they all thought I'd spoiled their chances of getting in. Then Marie walked in and she said - who and where is the 'Boatman'? I put my hand up and she said, 'Boatman, can I buy you a whiskey?' That was the start of it." After that Conroy bumped into the Sunday Times' US-born correspondent several times. As a resourceful photo-journalist with a similar taste for the field of battle, he was aware of her reputation. "She was notoriously difficult and some photographers she worked with found her scary. And she would just dump them if they didn't fit. "Marie and I worked together in Libya for the Sunday Times and once there was a guy who was to fill in for me for a couple of days. But almost at once Marie was on the phone saying get back here now - she'd already sent this guy off 300 miles and she never spoke to him again." Under the Wire, directed by film-maker Chris Martin, doesn't try to portray Colvin as an easy colleague. He remembers he was filming in the Caribbean when he heard of her death. "And I saw material on YouTube of Paul trapped in Syria. I saw that the people I was working with were really concerned about his fate and I knew at once there was a story to be told." Martin's documentary shows what happens after Colvin and Conroy arrive in Homs through a 3km storm drain. Conroy says the city was the obvious fulcrum of the story. The government of President Bashar al-Assad saw Homs as the major centre of revolt and was ready to crush dissent there. Conroy says just getting in was difficult. "We spent a week or two in Beirut making contacts. From there we went up into the mountains between Lebanon and Syria, where we met with members of the Free Syrian Army (a loose anti-Assad coalition). They took us over the border at night time through minefields, dodging army checkpoints. They then handed us over to another unit of the Free Syrian Army. "It took about three days to go 30 kilometres. But the only way into Baba Amr - the part of Homs really getting hammered - was by this storm drain about 4ft high. We went through it bent double and carrying all our kit. We were pulled out of the tunnel, thrown in the back of a truck and ran the gauntlet of Syrian forces. Conroy says the few journalists around Homs were aware of the risks. "I was told by a Lebanese source that Syrian government policy was to kill any journalists and then drop the bodies on the battlefield. It was a horrible situation and the film makes that very clear." Martin makes no apologies for having filled in pictorial gaps in the narrative. "We went to extraordinary lengths to find video material. A lot of it was just the odd five seconds taken in Homs by activists; it took a massive amount of tracking down, not just in the Middle East. We found things like a Skype call made from the journalists' base in Homs at the moment the rockets hit." But he says some 15 minutes of the running time consists of reconstructions of what happened to Colville and Conroy and to the other four journalists with them before the fatal attack - Edith Bouvier, Remi Ochlik and William Daniels, who were all French, and the Spanish journalist Javier Espinosa. Martin acknowledges this is not the way a film like this might have been made only a few years ago. "We had just three or four minutes of material which Paul had shot - everything else was destroyed when the rockets came in. But we did find some footage of the tunnel and even of Paul and Marie in Homs working on what turned out to be Marie's last piece of journalism. "So we pieced together that archive with our interview with Paul and with the testament of Edith Bouvier and William Daniels - and of Wael their brave translator. That was the spine of the film." But Martin says the documentary market is changing and as a result he decided he needed to shoot high-quality extra material to knit the story together. The production team decamped to northern Morocco to stage a version of the storm drain sequence. Additional interiors were shot in London. The craft skills on display mean the documentary often has the feel of a well-produced feature film. "Documentaries like Under the Wire are now mainly going to be seen first on theatrical release," he says. "They're not just for TV. And if you're in cinemas you're competing with feature films which might cost $100m (77m) or more. So we have to engage the viewer. We can't expect audiences to come and find the story on our terms." The American director Matthew Heineman has also been at work on the life of Colvin. A Private War, which in part tells the same story, is due for release this year. But Heineman has made a feature film, starring Rosamund Pike as Colvin and with Jamie Dornan as Conroy. In real life Conroy only realised back in London how badly he'd been hurt in the attack, which killed Colvin and Ochlik. "Obviously I knew I had a huge hole in the back of my leg. But in London I found out I also had a great big piece of shrapnel wedged under my kidneys. I had 23 operations on my leg and others on my abdomen and back. I was in hospital for five months. "There's still a story to be told in Syria. I can't even begin to say how deeply I regret Marie and Remi dying. But do I regret going in and trying to do our job? Absolutely not." Under the Wire is on release. Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected].
A: | Marie Colvin: Reporter's last days retold for cinema
**** | fc-sni-xlsum | 0 | 0fe2a04986a6f64429b07b2ee62fd04a18c005b0b1f1066187f4874bba640141 |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Example Input: Which people's architectural spaces where destroyed?, Context: On 17 December 1941, seven Protestant regional church confederations issued a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge, "since after his bitter experience Luther had already suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory." According to Daniel Goldhagen, Bishop Martin Sasse, a leading Protestant churchman, published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht, for which Diarmaid MacCulloch, Professor of the History of the Church in the University of Oxford argued that Luther's writing was a "blueprint." Sasse applauded the burning of the synagogues and the coincidence of the day, writing in the introduction, "On 10 November 1938, on Luther's birthday, the synagogues are burning in Germany." The German people, he urged, ought to heed these words "of the greatest antisemite of his time, the warner of his people against the Jews."
Example Output: the Jews
Example Input: Seattle is one of the what of the country?, Context: Of the city's population over the age of 25, 53.8% (vs. a national average of 27.4%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 91.9% (vs. 84.5% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent. A 2008 United States Census Bureau survey showed that Seattle had the highest percentage of college and university graduates of any major U.S. city. The city was listed as the most literate of the country's 69 largest cities in 2005 and 2006, the second most literate in 2007 and the most literate in 2008 in studies conducted by Central Connecticut State University.
Example Output: 69 largest cities
Example Input: What is attributed to Islamic influence in architecture?, Context: Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in those parts of the Western Mediterranean subject to Islamic control or influence, rich regional variants arose, fusing Romanesque and later Gothic traditions with Islamic decorative forms, as seen, for example, in Monreale and Cefalu Cathedrals, the Alcazar of Seville, and Teruel Cathedral.
Example Output: | arch | fc-sni-adversarial_qa | 0 | de3e5a214be1ebecb0a304140da3dae75870ffafbf7dcac9c77feb85b2824e5a |
TASK DEFINITION: Given a sentence, generate what should be the most likely next statement. The next statement should be reasonable and logically correct.
PROBLEM: People are standing in front of a counter. People
SOLUTION: are standing outside the room drinking the beer.
PROBLEM: Someone places his two guns in the bags and takes them to the police car. He
SOLUTION: drives off in it.
PROBLEM: Prisoners begin screaming vicious taunts and catcalls at the fresh batch of new inmates. Someone
SOLUTION: | tries to keep composed and walks toward his cell. | fc-sni-swag | 0 | 1cc18bd7d089477ef1152470021c493607e26d90fe675ad7f1b79d4e7141f615 |
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Problem:Context: Characteristic clinical heterogeneity and mostly slow-growing behavior of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) cause problems in finding appropriate treatments. Thus, current therapy options are not satisfactory. PKI-587 is a highly potent novel dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTORC1/C2.', 'We assessed the effects of PKI-587 in different GEP-NEN tumor models, including poorly differentiated cell line LCC-18, compared with the established mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus.', 'We treated the cell lines BON, QGP1, KRJ-I and LCC-18 with increasing concentrations of the inhibitor PKI-587, and compared with everolimus and DMSO. We assessed the impact of treatments on viability (WST-1 assay), on apoptotic processes (Caspase 3/7 assay, JC-1) and on cell cycle regulation (flow cytometry). We determined alterations of signaling mediators by phosphor-specific western blot analysis and conducted multiplexed gene expression analysis (nCounter®️ technology).', 'In all cell lines, PKI-587 dose-dependently inhibited proliferation whereas everolimus was less effective. Treatment with PKI-587 led to cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and successfully suppressed activity of direct mTORC1 target 4E-BP1, a crucial factor for tumor genesis only partially inhibited by everolimus. Gene expression analyses revealed relevant changes of RAS, MAPK, STAT and PI3K pathway genes after treatment. Treatment dependent and cell line characteristic effects on AKT/RB/E2F signaling regarding cell cycle control and apoptosis are extensively discussed in this article.
Answer: PI3K/mTOR dual targeting is a promising new therapeutic approach in neuroendocrine tumor disease that should be evaluated in further clinical trials.
Solution: | Is inhibition of mTORs Catalytic Site by PKI-587 a Promising Therapeutic Option for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Disease? | fc-sni-pubmed_qa | 0 | 70cbdb016ff53bb260e18c51e9b221ca564817b363b1f18227524fdcd0be1fca |
Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage.
Context: Jon Krakauer, aside from the detailed recounting of the climb of the mountain in his book Eiger Dreams, mentions it briefly in Into Thin Air as one of his earlier difficult ascents (1992): ''I'd scaled a frightening, mile-high spike of vertical and overhanging granite called Cerro Torre; buffeted by hundred-knot winds, plastered with frangible atmospheric rime, it was once (though no longer) thought to be the world's hardest mountain''.
Question: What material was used for Cerro Torre? | granite | fc-sni-mrqa | 0 | c69a485311fa773138209f2c15ba532c63ebd55fa3ca56de6d6a9d226e56c978 |
Given the Target and Argument texts detect the stance that the argument has towards the topic. There are three types of stances "in favor", "against", and "neutral".
--------
Question: Topic: Polygamy
Argument: Polygamy undermines the traditional institution of marriage.
Answer: against
Question: Topic: Needle exchanges
Argument: Drug dealers sell drugs near needle exchanges.
Answer: against
Question: Topic: Infant male circumcision
Argument: Parents have a right to circumcise their children.
Answer: | in favor | fc-sni-starcon | 0 | ff7bb2a2b0b3616ce2faafd009f9c3960c64b7640241f983bb14f59edb58e5df |
Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
Q: He redesigned the church building at St. Luke's Episcopal Church for his friend and biographer Louis Noble, and at his death he left uncompleted a series of paintings titled "The Cross in the World". A mirage-like castle appears in the sky as an angel watches a boy push off in a boat in Youth, the second of four paintings in this man's "Voyage of Life" series. Also known for such works as Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, this man taught Frederic Church and was memorialized in an Asher Durand painting which sees him talking with William Cullen Bryant. For 10 points, name this painter of the "Course of Empire" series, the founder of the Hudson River School.
A: | Fine Arts | fc-sni-qanta | 0 | 5aa6931f067a8fc901d8340a91b7090ff09365a0a80fb3a83d1f48e638cb0cf1 |
In this task, the input is a set of dialogues between a user and an assistant. You need to find the dialogue that is basically a response given to a question or an aspect of the user.
Example: Hi. I want information about Namibia.
Nmbia is a country in southern Africa.
Do you have information about the media there?
What about it?
Interesting! What can you tell me about the politics and government?
Example solution: Nmbia is a country in southern Africa.
Example explanation: This is a good example. The output is the response to the question asked by the user.
Problem: What can you tell me about the Economy in North Korea
It is my pleasure to give factual information that may prove useful.
Backing by the Soviet Union lead to connecting with the Trans-Siberian Railway through the town of Rajin. The country has a space program but many other countries believe it is a front for a militarized ballistic program as reported by Japan and South Korea. The separation forced N. Korea to be friendly with Soviets and China to survive but it did not ally with them. It has had its main trading partners collapsed and it became isolated for a time. It went from the ideas of communism to nationalism to be self reliant
Most of North Korea has mountains that go skyward to 2000 feet. Occupied by Japan after WW2 the country became divided between North and South Korea. North Korea chose backing by the Soviet Union. A war between North and South Korea began that has a cease fire in 1953 and has simmered ever since.
you mentioned mountains earlier is the whole county mountainous, what the Geography like there | Solution: Backing by the Soviet Union lead to connecting with the Trans-Siberian Railway through the town of Rajin. The country has a space program but many other countries believe it is a front for a militarized ballistic program as reported by Japan and South Korea. The separation forced N. Korea to be friendly with Soviets and China to survive but it did not ally with them. It has had its main trading partners collapsed and it became isolated for a time. It went from the ideas of communism to nationalism to be self reliant | fc-sni-curiosity_dialogs | 0 | 9019629b7edb2e6bd851e686aacd99b36eea0a1142052460169de55268595598 |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[EX Q]: Fire crews were called to Evelyn Road in Sparkhill after the roof was lifted off the two-storey building. No-one was injured. Police said there were also no injuries when a roof came off a house in Bordesley Green. In Woolaston, a teenage girl was left with serious head injuries after being hit by a falling tree. Cars stuck The Met Office earlier issued an amber warning for wet and windy weather across the West Midlands. There were reports flooding had left cars stuck on parts of the A38 between Longbridge and Rubery, in Worcestershire. London Midland said it had suspended services on the cross city line south, between Birmingham and Redditch, due to an overhead line problem at Kings Norton, although trains were still running between Birmingham and Lichfield. Services between Cheltenham Spa and Birmingham New Street were also affected. Chiltern Railways reported rush hour problems on the line between Lapworth and Solihull because of "poor rail conditions". It said trains faced delays of up to 25 minutes. In Blake Lane, Bordesley Green, a roof blew off a house. Police said the road was closed near the junction with Yardley Green Road. In Sparkhill, Evelyn Road was cordoned off as engineers worked to make the Jamia Abdullah Bin Masoud mosque safe. Watch commander Terry Falaschi, of West Midlands Fire Service, said the roof, which measured about 50 sq m (540 sq ft), blew off into the road directly in front of it. He said: "It blew down and hit three cars underneath it. "Given the time of day, it was very lucky no-one was hurt. No-one was inside the mosque at the time, no-one was inside the cars and luckily no-one was driving or walking past either." Ambulance crews were called at 15:50 GMT to help two teenage girls who had been hit by a falling tree in Woolaston High Street. One girl suffered a serious head injury, while the other injured her shoulder. Both were taken to Russells Hall Hospital. 'Weather window' In Perry Barr, Birmingham, ambulance crews were sent at about 15:00 to help an elderly man who was hit by branches from a falling tree in College Road while he was walking his dog. Paramedics said the tree had fallen across the pavement and road, taking a lamp-post with it. The man suffered a cut to his head and did not require hospital treatment. Environment Agency workers spent the early part of Thursday clearing river blockages ahead of expected heavy rain and strong winds gusting up to 60mph. Dave Throup, of the Environment Agency, said the "weather window" of dry, calm weather had given staff the chance to prepare for later. He said surface water would quickly find its way into rivers which had not yet had a chance to recover from rain over the last few days. Midlands Today weather forecaster Shefali Oza said heavy rain was expected to continue overnight, moving eastwards across the region. She said winds were expected to die down and Friday was expected to be a much drier and calmer day. A spokesperson for West Midlands Ambulance Service urged motorists to take care. They added: "With more heavy rain and strong winds expected, members of the public are asked to stay safe and be extra vigilant." Fire crews were called to Corngreaves Road in Cradley Heath on Wednesday after motorists became trapped in 1m (3ft) of water. Gail Whittle, who lives on the road, said it had been "chaos". A spokesperson for West Midlands Police said: "Please take care if you are making any journeys this evening, wet and windy conditions are making some areas and roads treacherous."
[EX A]: Birmingham mosque and house roofs blown off in strong winds
[EX Q]: By Michael BuchananSocial Affairs Correspondent, BBC News Some patients have been sent hundreds of miles for treatment because no beds are available locally, the data shows. The online journal Community Care sent Freedom of Information requests to all 56 English mental health trusts. NHS England said it was determined to improve mental health services. The Royal College of Psychiatrists said delayed discharge and poor social care were exacerbating the problem. Data from 37 trusts that responded showed there were 4,447 patients sent out of their area for treatment in 2014-15 - up 23.1% from 2013-14, when 3,611 patients were sent out of their area. There was also an increase in the cost of caring for these patients - from 51.4m in 2013-14 to 65.1m in 2014-15, figures from 29 trusts showed. According to the data, the longest journeys carried out by patients were trips from Bristol to Livingston (370 miles), Cumbria to London (270 miles), and Southampton to Harrogate (260 miles). 'I didn't know where I was' Daniel Gillan, 40, from Margate, Kent, has suffered from mental health problems since he was 18. In the middle of a crisis in late 2013, he was sent to a hospital in Weston-Super-Mare in Somerset - 226 miles away. When he had to be admitted last month, there were no local beds available again. This time, he spent most of June in Manchester - 281 miles away. "The problem is my admissions have got further and further away from Margate as time goes by," said Daniel. "If the beds are full here, the next closest bed that becomes available is the bed you're going to get. The closest bed in my case was Manchester." The distance meant that neither family nor friends were able to visit him. "I didn't know where I was, I didn't have a clue. I knew I was a long, long way from home as it had taken so long to get there but I didn't know where in the country I was." 'Unacceptable' While some mental health trusts, such as Oxleas and South London & Maudsley, have managed to reduce their use of out-of-area beds, most have increasingly had to transport patients to other parts of the country. The trusts with the biggest increases in patients treated out of area from 2013-14 to 2014-15 were: Paul Farmer, chief executive of Mind, said the figures showed a "very clear message" that mental health services were struggling to deliver care. He said: "It is unacceptable that so many people are being driven hundreds of miles away from their loved ones in search of a hospital bed, at a time when they are often scared, vulnerable and most in need of the support of family and friends and familiar surroundings." Previous research by BBC News and Community Care found that more than 2,100 psychiatric beds have been closed in England since 2011. The problems have led to the Royal College of Psychiatry launching an inquiry into acute care. Its interim report, published on Wednesday, does not blame the bed closures for the difficulties patients are experiencing. Instead, it says delayed discharges and poor community services are causing the problem. "The biggest thing is to get some people in beds out of them," said Lord Crisp, who is chairing the inquiry. "We need better ways of treating people in the community. [More] beds alone won't solve that - it's getting better housing, better alternatives to care, keeping people at home." 'Determined to improve' Ministers have increased funding for mental health services and urged local commissioning groups to properly fund these services in a bid to ensure psychiatric patients are treated as well as physical patients in the NHS. Dr Martin McShane, NHS England's director for people with long term conditions, said the Mental Health Taskforce had been set up to improve mental health services over the next five years. He added: "We are determined to improve mental health services and address the distress and unwarranted costs associated with out-of-area placements which are unacceptable."
[EX A]: Mental health patients sent 'hundreds of miles' for care
[EX Q]: The outgoing States are debating the budget during the final week of the current assembly before the new members are sworn in. Senator Philip Ozouf said measures included a tax break on child care. The island's deficit is scheduled to be gone by 2013, and Senator Ozouf said the island was looking at a strong balance sheet in the future. The minister said that about 575m was expected to come into the treasury in 2012. He said there would also be a higher income tax threshold as well as more duties on cigarettes and alcohol. Senator Ozouf told BBC News: "We are conscious that many families have been feeling the pinch and with that in mind, this budget proposes to almost double the child care relief for younger children. "This is the biggest targeted improvement in taxation for families with young children that the island has ever had." Deputy Geoff Southern wants to amend the budget, and move 20m from the "rainy day fund" in order to continue some of the measures the States have been taking to boost the economy. He has also submitted an amendment to double the fees paid annually by companies to the financial services commission, and to use that money raising the income tax threshold. The debate starts later in the final week of the current assembly before the new members are sworn in.
[EX A]: | Jersey treasury minister says budget good for families | fc-sni-xlsum | 0 | 46e78fb658421ab7a079b1854a133ccc47d4fc76256d68b88f3a10d8a6108916 |
Q: Given reviews from Amazon, classify those review based on their content into two classes: Negative or Positive.
The whole thing is worth its weight in gold just for the "dance of the cucumber" song....El baile del pepino, el baile del pepino..hmm hmm hmmm...I LOVE IT
A: | Positive | fc-sni-amazon_polarity | 0 | c20efa269604098952e678dd529ccf97a4a26ebb0ac61969adc0f799ee0e1f6e |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous.
Part 2. Example
Passage: Nearing London, Oliver encounters Jack Dawkins, a pickpocket more commonly known by the nickname the "Artful Dodger", and his sidekick, a boy of a humorous nature named Charley Bates, but Oliver's innocent and trusting nature fails to see any dishonesty in their actions. The Dodger provides Oliver with a free meal and tells him of a gentleman in London who will "give him lodgings for nothing, and never ask for change". Grateful for the unexpected assistance, Oliver follows the Dodger to the "old gentleman's" residence. In this way Oliver unwittingly falls in with an infamous Jewish criminal known as Fagin, the gentleman of whom the Artful Dodger spoke. Ensnared, Oliver lives with Fagin and his gang of juvenile pickpockets in their lair at Saffron Hill for some time, unaware of their criminal occupations. He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs.
Answer: Who believes Fagin's gang make wallets and handkerchiefs?.
Explanation: This question is based on the following sentence in the passage "He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs". It evaluates the understanding that the pronoun "he" refers to name "Oliver". You can ask questions like this one about most pronouns in a paragraph.
Part 3. Exercise
Passage: About to nervously jump off a bridge, scrawny Harry Berlin is a barely functional human being. Just as he attempts to leap off the bridge, he is distracted by Milt Manville, an old friend from fifteen years ago. Harry doesn't really recognize him at first but there appears to be a contrast between the two of them with Milt boasting of how well he is doing in life while Harry tries to listen.
Milt takes Harry to his house to meet Ellen Manville (Elaine May), Milt's long-suffering wife. She is complaining that their sex life is non-existent but Milt has a secret lover in the form of beautiful blonde Linda. Milt convinces a barely-there Harry to make a go of things with Ellen so that she is not left lonely when he will divorce her for Linda. It takes a while but Harry and Ellen eventually fall in love. They marry and go to Niagara Falls for their honeymoon but this is when Ellen realizes that Harry is the world's worst roommate and childish at heart. In one example, Harry unexpectedly stomps on Ellen's toe in order to test her love for him. As she hobbles in pain, she asks, "What did you do that for?," and in response, he asks her if she still loves him, and she says she does.
As Milt and Linda start to settle down as a couple, she quickly realizes that he has an addiction to selling household items and junk for a quick buck, something that she is strongly against. She immediately dumps him, which leads to Milt to want Ellen back when he realizes how much he loves her for real. She admits that she doesn't really love Harry as much as she thought, as his bizarre day-to-day activities get to her. Milt and Ellen plot to get back together and convince Harry to divorce her but he loves her and sets out to prove it by getting a job as an elevator operator in a shopping mall.
Answer: | In whose house does Harry meet Ellen Manville? | fc-sni-quoref | 0 | e5ad516fbdcb56fd1eb5e4bd3689b6edb730adfc71ba890939c0cd6410e94a63 |
In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words.
Learning rich representation from data is an important task for deep generative models such as variational auto-encoder (VAE). However, by extracting high-level abstractions in the bottom-up inference process, the goal of preserving all factors of variations for top-down generation is compromised. Motivated by the concept of "starting small", we present a strategy to progressively learn independent hierarchical representations from high- to low-levels of abstractions. The model starts with learning the most abstract representation, and then progressively grow the network architecture to introduce new representations at different levels of abstraction. We quantitatively demonstrate the ability of the presented model to improve disentanglement in comparison to existing works on two benchmark datasets using three disentanglement metrics, including a new metric we proposed to complement the previously-presented metric of mutual information gap. We further present both qualitative and quantitative evidence on how the progression of learning improves disentangling of hierarchical representations. By drawing on the respective advantage of hierarchical representation learning and progressive learning, this is to our knowledge the first attempt to improve disentanglement by progressively growing the capacity of VAE to learn hierarchical representations. | We proposed a progressive learning method to improve learning and disentangling latent representations at different levels of abstraction. | fc-sni-scitldr | 0 | be533fef1a2efdb9b4ba80c71be7411f4171bed592ff5a199a20357f7b893248 |
In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.
One example: We propose a local coherence model based on a convolutional neural network that operates over the entity grid representation of a text. The model captures long range entity transitions along with entity-specific features without loosing generalization, thanks to the power of distributed representation. We present a pairwise ranking method to train the model in an end-to-end fashion on a task and learn task-specific high level features. Our evaluation on three different coherence assessment tasks demonstrates that our model achieves state of the art results outperforming existing models by a good margin.
Solution is here: A Neural Local Coherence Model
Explanation: This statement "A Neural Local Coherence Model" is taken from the subtext "convolutional neural network" and its explanation in the passage. This is a positive example because the title belongs to the mentions in the passage
Now, solve this: The goal of this paper is to investigate the connection between the performance gain that can be obtained by selftraining and the similarity between the corpora used in this approach. Self-training is a semi-supervised technique designed to increase the performance of machine learning algorithms by automatically classifying instances of a task and adding these as additional training material to the same classifier. In the context of language processing tasks, this training material is mostly an (annotated) corpus. Unfortunately self-training does not always lead to a performance increase and whether it will is largely unpredictable. We show that the similarity between corpora can be used to identify those setups for which self-training can be beneficial. We consider this research as a step in the process of developing a classifier that is able to adapt itself to each new test corpus that it is presented with.
Solution: | Predicting the Effectiveness of Self-Training: Application to Sentiment Classification | fc-sni-peer_read | 0 | b03727eff325509928e8a6ef0c35413562169e5fb62c363d4e6cacb6391a0537 |
Your task is to generate the next utterance in a given dialogue. You will be given a few sentences describing the personality of the person who is making the dialogue, and a history of the dialogue after that. Each line in the history is said by one of the two participants in the conversation.
Ex Input:
Personality: I am a college student.
I love to travel.
I work as a construction worker during the summers.
My favourite food is ice cream.
Chat history: -Hey! Where are you from?
-I am from central Arkansas. Do you wanna buy any cosmetics?
-Summer taught me I can sweat through anything no thanks.
-What kind of music do you listen to?
-World folk. I pick countries I want to go to and just chill.
-Sounds a lot better than the rage metal my sons have me into.
-Haha. Yeah see this is why I'm glad I'm to young for kids.
-Well they keep me up to date with music.
-I let the guys at the site do that for me over break.
-What do you do for work?
-Full time student in Dc but I work summers in contracting.
-I work part time as a psychiatrist.
-Do you meet any cool people?
-Some are cool and some are very mad.
Ex Output:
I can believe that. Haha. I think some of the site boys need therapy too.
Ex Input:
Personality: My favorite hobby is chess.
Not a day goes by that I do not drink four mountain dews.
Sometimes, I have sword fights with strangers in the park.
I enjoy movies about aliens invading the earth.
Chat history: -Hi, I'm about to brew some coffee.
-Hi there, I prefer to get my daily caffeine from mountain dew.
-That's outrageous, I live in the north west coast, we make our own craft beer.
-Do you like to watch movies? My favorites are films like independence day.
-Yes I love those films, I watch them all the time with my boyfriend.
-I met my boyfriend at a chess tournament. We were both competitors.
-Sounds like true love, maybe you guys should visit us. We have great weather.
-Are there any l. a. r. p events in the area? We go to those often.
-Yes we have a few of those, I usually provide the refreshments.
-Awesome. I'll check the schedule and pack up my costume.
-Okay great, the city is Portland, Oregon.
-Wasn't there a movie about alien invasion made there?
-There might have been, I was probably too busy making coffee.
Ex Output:
Ll takes me 4 mountain dews a day to get my quota of caffeine.
Ex Input:
Personality: My favorite show is csi.
I once swam with manta rays.
I hate winter and the cold.
I would like to work for the smithsonian.
My parents are lawyers.
Chat history: -Hi. do you watch television shows like csi?
-Yes, but not csi specifically.
-Since I don't like cold long winters, I enjoy watching television.
-I prefer criminal minds. Cold winters, are you north?
-Yes and I would rather be in a warm place swimming with manta rays.
-I agree! Instead I spend my winter cooking up a storm to stay warm.
Ex Output: | What kind of work do you do? | fc-sni-personachat | 0 | c5a4eaf93723624da34728c6269e0047b05b66dfe151dcc2aa8c87c95065fba7 |
Teacher:In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Sentence1: I was sitting outside by the pool yesterday. Sentence2: I started to get very thirsty. Sentence3: I didn't know what to do. Sentence4: I immediately ran inside for some water. Sentence5: When I was done I felt better.
Student: | I (myself) | fc-sni-storycommonsense | 0 | aae379f612d759a2a2de378de9d283d41c21dd46c6b3e05342144d46be82e792 |
Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
[Q]: Comedian Louis C.K.'s trailer for his new film "I Love You Daddy" has generated controversy online due to the movie's theme and its timing following the sexual misconduct allegations against Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein.
Moretz and Malkovich begin dating which horrifies C.K. due to her age.
"She's a minor!" C.K. is seen yelling to Malkovich in the trailer.
Slate called the trailer "icky" while Esquire wrote "Now is not the time for this Louis C.K. movie."
"It's honestly a bit shocking to see how tone deaf Louis C.K. is in 2017 because he was once a comedian ahead of the curve in so many ways " one social media user tweeted.
"That uncomfortable moment when you start to discover that Louis C.K. is slowly becoming Woody Allen " another Twitter user wrote.
C.K. told The Hollywood Reporter last month "It's just a f--king movie. We're depicting oxygen-rich people who live in these beautiful apartments and offices saying whatever they want. Folks say s--t to each other. You can't think about the audience when you're making the thing. If you do you're not giving them something that came out of your gut. You'll be making something that you're like 'Is this OK for you?' And they say 'Yes thank you.' Mark Twain said something like 'You can't say no one can eat steak just because the baby doesn't have teeth yet.'"
Like Weinstein the comedian has also been accused of sexual misconduct by female comedians. Gawker published an article two years ago detailing the allegations against Louis C.K. while writer and comedian Tig Notaro told the Daily Beast in August that the comedian needed to "handle the allegations ."
"I made my move on the red carpet of the awards show " Koester wrote. "One by one I would ask a conveyor belt of comedians all men 'How do you feel about the Cosby allegations?' They would all invariably claim to be disgusted by the man's misdeeds. I would then follow up with 'How do you feel about the Louis C.K. allegations?' They would all invariably claim ignorance."
[A]: Louis C.K.'s movie trailer spurs controversy amid Harvey Weinstein scandal
[Q]: "2017 was a strong year for Facebook but it was also a hard one " Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg said in a statement. "In 2018 we're focused on making sure Facebook isn't just fun to use but also good for people's well-being and for society. We're doing this by encouraging meaningful connections between people rather than passive consumption of content."
Zuckerberg noted that the company's recent news feed changes such as reducing the volume of viral videos have caused time spent on Facebook to decline by about 50 million hours every day - an average of about 2 minutes per person every day.
On a conference call with investors Zuckerberg emphasized that time spent alone offers limited insight into the value of the social network and that he expects short-term drops in time on the site to make the product stronger in the long-term.
"By focusing on meaningful interactions I believe that the time spent on Facebook will be more valuable " Zuckerberg said. "If people interact more it should lead to stronger community. When you care about something you're willing to see ads to experience it."
Facebook's results come just a few weeks after Zuckerberg announced that the company plans to make a year-long shift across its products to prioritize interactions between friends and family and reduce the prominence of unpaid posts by brands and publishers. In the near-term the change will cause news to make up only 4% of news feed down from about 5% currently. Facebook plans to display news sources in accordance with how users rank their "trustworthiness." Zuckerberg also said the company plans to elevate local news in a push to help "build community." Facebook correctly warned that the changes could lead to a decrease in time spent on the social network in the short-term. However Zuckerberg has said he sees the shift as critical to Facebook's long-term success as a business and product.
When Facebook reported its third quarterly earnings in November Zuckerberg said he was "dead serious" about addressing the social network's security and safety issues ranging from election meddling to moderation issues such as violent live videos and misinformation. Zuckerberg warned that the bolstered efforts "will impact" the company's profitability. The company said last year it plans to double its headcount working on safety and security from 10 000 people to 20 000 people over the course of 2018 and add thousands more content moderators. (Facebook said it has 25 105 employees as of December 31 up 47% from a year earlier.)
Zuckerberg continues to emphasize video advertising as key to the future of the company's business. Facebook recently added a "Watch" section for video shows and series which competes with Google-owned YouTube and is intended in the long-term to foster interaction between friends family and groups. Higher-quality content in the tab could drive stronger video ad sales over time. Zuckerberg also noted in Wednesday's conference call that he expects "Stories" -- chains of disappearing photos and videos -- to overtake posts and feeds as the most common content format across apps and that the growth of the feature will shape how Facebook evolves its apps and business.
[A]: Facebook Reports Solid Fourth Quarter Results Amid Declining Time Spent On The Social Network
[Q]: "The conventional approach to developing flu vaccines today is one in which we perform surveillance worldwide " said David Topham director of the New York Influenza Center of Excellence and professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Rochester in New York.
"We collect the viruses that are circulating in people " said Topham who was not involved in the new study . Those viruses then typically are studied in ferrets he said.
"We create an antigenic map of each virus and determine how similar or different that is than the (current) vaccine strain and if it's different enough from the vaccine strain then we select that virus to be in next year's vaccine " Topham said. In other words they make their best guess on what strains will be most likely to spread and cause illness based on surveillance data
On the other hand the new study suggests "using high-throughput sequencing methods and genetic engineering to rationally design a virus to use as a vaccine " he said. "I thought it was a very innovative and comprehensive approach."
The new study acted like "rocket science" compared with the conventional approach used to develop flu vaccines he said.
So what does the future hold for flu vaccines and where could this new approach fit in? There has been a shift among researchers around the world to focus on developing universal vaccines Topham said.
"These for influenza would be vaccines that would last for at least five years and protect against 75% of the viruses that are out there " he said. "There are many ways that we might be able to achieve that. This approach that's described in this paper is just one approach."
[A]: | Flu vaccine: Could this be a better way to build one? | fc-sni-persent | 0 | 0823448576131db17313fa07cc8ae69164db6f25cace4eb20810aced089e039b |
In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
Q: Co., 633 F.2d 214 (table) 1980 LEXIS 13583 (6th Cir.1980) (quoting C.J.S. Contracts 100(1) at pp. 790-91); Willard, Sutherland & Co. v. United States, 262 U.S. 489, 43 S.Ct. 592, 67 L.Ed. 1086 (1923); General Motors Corp. v. Keener Motors, Inc., 194 F.2d 669 (6th Cir.1952); Tennessee Enamel Mfg. Co. v. Stoves, Inc., 192 F.2d 863 (6th Cir.1951). "A promise that does not put any limitation on the freedom of the alleged promissor but leaves his future action subject only to his own will is illusory. It is not enforceable against the one making it nor operative as consideration for a return promise." Pippin Way v. Four Star Music Co. (In re Four Star Music Co.), 2 B.R. 454, 460 (Bankr.M.B.Tenn.1979); Loudenback Fertilizer Co. v. Tennessee Phosphate Co., 121 F. 298, 302 (6th Cir.1903) (<HOLDING>). A distribution agreement that does not
Holding statements: (A) holding that the right of action accrued upon failure to perform contract (B) holding that mutuality of obligation is essential for contracts based on mutual promises and that a contract is unenforceable where a party is free to perform or not perform the contract (C) holding mutuality of obligation is essential to the formation of a bilateral contract (D) holding that a contract need not have mutuality of obligation as long as it is supported by consideration (E) holding that a contract without a minimum quantity term is unenforceable for lack of consideration and mutuality
A: | (B) | fc-sni-casehold | 0 | ab33743741d8e18ed7b85bb3aed55bddaa252287b9be3a67ff10ad425c5823f0 |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words.
Analyzing deep neural networks (DNNs) via information plane (IP) theory has gained tremendous attention recently as a tool to gain insight into, among others, their generalization ability. However, it is by no means obvious how to estimate mutual information (MI) between each hidden layer and the input/desired output, to construct the IP. For instance, hidden layers with many neurons require MI estimators with robustness towards the high dimensionality associated with such layers. MI estimators should also be able to naturally handle convolutional layers, while at the same time being computationally tractable to scale to large networks. None of the existing IP methods to date have been able to study truly deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), such as the e.g.\ VGG-16. In this paper, we propose an IP analysis using the new matrix--based R'enyi's entropy coupled with tensor kernels over convolutional layers, leveraging the power of kernel methods to represent properties of the probability distribution independently of the dimensionality of the data. The obtained results shed new light on the previous literature concerning small-scale DNNs, however using a completely new approach. Importantly, the new framework enables us to provide the first comprehensive IP analysis of contemporary large-scale DNNs and CNNs, investigating the different training phases and providing new insights into the training dynamics of large-scale neural networks.
Output: | First comprehensive information plane analysis of large scale deep neural networks using matrix based entropy and tensor kernels. | fc-sni-scitldr | 0 | 4cafd1fe92f3e40af61fadb468c50ed8d277c6992f36afa464e34e3ad11ea728 |
You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning.
[EX Q]: In 2035, Lunar Industries has made a fortune after an oil crisis by building Sarang Station, an automated lunar facility to mine the alternative fuel helium-3 from Moon rocks, rich in the material. The facility is fully automated, requiring only a single human to maintain operations, oversee the harvesters, and launch canisters bound for Earth containing the extracted helium-3. Currently, Sam Bell nears the end of his three-year work contract at Sarang Station. Chronic communication problems have disabled his live feed from Earth and limit him to occasional recorded messages from his wife Tess, who was pregnant with their daughter Eve when he left. His only companion is an artificial intelligence named GERTY, who assists with the base's automation and provides comfort for him.
Two weeks before his return to Earth, Sam suffers from hallucinations of a teenage girl. One such image distracts him while he is out recovering a helium-3 canister from a harvester, causing him to crash his lunar rover into the harvester. Rapidly losing cabin air from the crash, Sam falls unconscious in the rover.
Sam awakes in the base infirmary with no memory of the accident. He overhears GERTY receiving instructions from Lunar Industries to prevent him from leaving the base and to wait for the arrival of a rescue team. His suspicions aroused, he manufactures a fake problem to persuade GERTY to let him outside. He travels to the crashed rover, where he finds his unconscious doppelg nger. He brings the double back to the base and tends to his injuries. The two Sams start to wonder if one is a clone of the other. After a heated argument and physical altercation, they together coerce GERTY into revealing that they are both clones of the original Sam Bell. GERTY activated the newest clone after the rover crash, and convinced him that he was at the beginning of his three-year contract.
The two Sams search the facility, discovering a secret vault containing hundreds of hibernating clones. They determine that Lunar Industries is unethically using clones of the original Sam Bell to avoid the cost of new astronauts. The elder Sam drives past the interference radius in a second rover and tries to call Tess on Earth. He instead makes contact with Eve, now 15 years old, who says Tess died "some years ago." He hangs up when Eve tells her father (offscreen, identified as "Original Sam" in closed captioning) that someone is calling regarding Tess.
The two Sams realize that the incoming "rescue" team will kill them both if they are found together. The newer Sam suggests sending the other to Earth in one of the helium-3 transports, but the older Sam, with his health declining, knows that he will not live much longer (he has learned that the clones are designed to "break down" at the end of the 3-year contract, their bodies disposed of under the guise of sending them back to Earth). He suggests the younger Sam leave instead. The older Sam plans to die by the crashed rover so Lunar Industries will not suspect anything until it is too late.
The younger clone orders GERTY to revive a seventh clone to greet the rescuers. Following GERTY's advice, the younger Sam reboots GERTY to wipe its records of the events. Before leaving, the younger clone programs a harvester to crash and wreck a jamming antenna, thereby enabling live communications with Earth. The older Sam, back in the crippled rover, remains conscious long enough to watch the launch of the transport carrying the younger Sam to Earth.
The transport arrives at Earth, and over the film's credits, news reports describe how Sam's testimony on Lunar Industries' activities has stirred up an enormous controversy, and the company's unethical practices have plummeted the company's stock.
[EX A]: What does Sam hallucinate 3 weeks before he was scheduled to leave the moon?
[EX Q]: After centuries of various restrictions, hostilities and frequent pogroms, the Jews of Europe have been reduced to living in Ghettos. The higher class is forced to deal with angry mobs and so experiences a great deal of discomfort; the lower class lives in despair. Middle-class professionals are distrusted, and the statement "don't buy from Jews" causes much anxiety among Jewish people. It is reasonable to assume that the Jews will not be left in peace. Neither a change in the feelings of non-Jews nor a movement to merge into the surrounds of Europe offers much hope to the Jewish people:
"The Jewish question persists wherever Jews live in appreciable numbers. Wherever it does not exist, it is brought in together with Jewish immigrants. We are naturally drawn into those places where we are not persecuted, and our appearance there gives rise to persecution. This is the case, and will inevitably be so, everywhere, even in highly civilised countries see, for instance, France so long as the Jewish question is not solved on the political level."
The book concludes:
Therefore I believe that a wondrous generation of Jews will spring into existence. The Maccabeans will rise again.
Let me repeat once more my opening words: The Jews who wish for a State will have it.
We shall live at last as free men on our own soil, and die peacefully in our own homes.
The world will be freed by our liberty, enriched by our wealth, magnified by our greatness.
And whatever we attempt there to accomplish for our own welfare, will react powerfully and beneficially for the good of humanity.
Herzl opposed the efforts already made by Zionist groups to settle Jews in Ottoman-controlled Palestine by arguing that "important experiments in colonization have been made, though on the mistaken principle of a gradual infiltration of Jews. An infiltration is bound to end badly. It continues till the inevitable moment when the native population feels itself threatened, and forces the government to stop a further influx of Jews. Immigration is consequently futile unless we have the sovereign right to continue such immigration."(Quoted from The Jewish State, translated by Sylvie d Avigdor, Nutt, London, 1896, and reprinted by Dover, 1988, p. 95.)
For that reason, Herzl, both in Der Judenstaat, and in his political activity on behalf of Zionism, concentrated his efforts on securing official legal sanction from the Ottoman authorities.
[EX A]: What did Herzl focus his efforts on?
[EX Q]: Born into slavery in Edenton, NC in 1813, Linda has happy years as a young child with her brother, parents, and maternal grandmother, who are relatively well-off slaves in good positions. It is not until her mother dies that Linda even begins to understand that she is a slave. At the age of six, she is sent to live in the big house under the extended care of her mother's mistress, who treats her well and teaches her to read. After a few years, this mistress dies and bequeaths Linda to a relative. Her new masters are cruel and neglectful, and Dr. Flint, the father, takes an interest in Linda. He tries to force her into a sexual relationship with him when she comes of age. The girl resists his entreaties and maintains her distance.
Knowing that Flint will do anything to get his way, as a young woman Linda consents to a relationship with a white neighbor, Mr. Sands, hoping he can protect her from Flint. As a result of their relations, Sands and Linda have two mixed-race children: Benjamin, often called Benny, and Ellen. Because they were born to a slave mother, they are considered slaves, under the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which had been part of southern slave law since the 17th century. Linda is ashamed, but hopes this illegitimate relationship will protect her from assault at the hands of Dr. Flint. Linda also hopes that Flint would become angry enough to sell her to Sands, but he refuses to do so. Instead, he sends Linda to his son's plantation to be broken in as a field hand.
When Linda discovers that Benny and Ellen are also to be sent to the fields, she makes a desperate plan. Escaping to the North with two small children would be nearly impossible. Unwilling either to submit to Dr. Flint's abuse or abandon her family, she hides in the attic of her grandmother Aunt Martha's cabin. She hopes that Dr. Flint, believing that she has fled to the North, will sell her children rather than risk having them escape as well. Linda is overjoyed when Dr. Flint sells Benny and Ellen to a slave trader secretly representing Sands. Promising to free the children one day, Sands assigns them to live with Aunt Martha. Linda becomes physically debilitated by being confined to the tiny attic, where she can neither sit nor stand. Her only pleasure is to watch her children through a tiny peephole.
Mr. Sands marries and is elected as a congressman. When he takes the slave girl Ellen to Washington, D.C., to be an eventual companion for his newborn daughter, Linda realizes that he may never free their children. Worried that he will eventually sell them, she determines to escape with them to the North. But Dr. Flint continues to hunt for her, and leaving the attic is still too risky.
After seven years in the attic, Linda finally escapes to the North by boat. Benny remains with Aunt Martha. Linda tracks down Ellen, by then nine years old and living in Brooklyn, New York, in the home of Sands cousin, Mrs. Hobbs. Linda is dismayed to see Ellen is being treated as a slave, after the institution was abolished in New York. She fears that Mrs. Hobbs will take Ellen back to the South and put her beyond her mother's reach. Linda finds work as a nursemaid for the Bruces, a family in New York City who treat her very kindly.
Learning that Dr. Flint is still in pursuit, Linda flees to Boston, where she is reunited with her son Benny, who had also escaped. Dr. Flint claims that the sale of Benny and Ellen was illegitimate, and Linda is terrified that he will re-enslave her and her children. After a few years, Mrs. Bruce dies. Linda spends some time living with her children in Boston. She spends a year in England caring for Mr. Bruce's daughter, and for the first time in her life enjoys freedom from racial prejudice. When Linda returns to Boston, she sends Ellen to boarding school. Benny moves to California with Linda's brother William, who had also escaped to the North. Mr. Bruce remarries, and Linda takes a position caring for their new baby. Dr. Flint dies, but his daughter, Emily, writes to Linda to claim ownership of the fugitive slave.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 is passed by Congress, making Linda and her children extremely vulnerable to capture and re-enslavement, as it requires cooperation by law enforcement and citizens of free states. Emily Flint and her husband, Mr. Dodge, arrive in New York to capture Linda. When the refugee goes into hiding, the new Mrs. Bruce offers to purchase her freedom. At first Linda refuses, unwilling to be bought and sold again, and makes plans to follow Benny to California. Mrs. Bruce buys Linda's freedom from Flint. Linda is grateful to Mrs. Bruce, but expresses disgust at the institution that required such a transaction. Linda notes that she has not yet realized her dream of making a home with her children.
The book closes with two testimonials to its accuracy, one from Amy Post, a white abolitionist, and the other from George W. Lowther, a black anti-slavery writer.
[EX A]: | Who fathered both of Linda's children? | fc-sni-narrativeqa | 0 | cd1ab5e909bfdfead2f52e49d6547c3837629d50ceca11f3c8453e5b31d867e5 |
In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
--------
Question: who are undeniably state actors, colluded with her in her actions. When all intendments are taken in the Plaintiffs' favor, therefore, their allegations indicate both that Malac infringed their substantive due process rights and that she can be considered a state actor. Accordingly, Malac's motion to dismiss is denied. III. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, Defendant Barbara Malac's motion to dismiss [Docket No. 47] is DENIED. The motion of Defendant Agent Cynthia Preston and Defendant Agent Nancy Gingras [Docket No. 50] to dismiss is DENIED with respect to Agent Preston, but GRANTED with respect to Agent Gingras. SO ORDERED. 1 . For the propriety of citing this unpublished Second Circuit opinion, see Anastasoff v. United States, 223 F.3d 898, 899-905 (8th Cir.2000) (Arnold, J.) (<HOLDING>), vacated as moot, 235 F.3d 1054 (8th Cir.2000)
Holding statements: (A) holding that unpublished opinions are of persuasive value at best and not precedential (B) holding that opinions accompanying the denial of certiorari cannot have the same effect as decisions on the merits (C) holding that even district court cases decided by panels of three have no precedential value (D) holding that unpublished opinions have precedential effect (E) recognizing that we ordinarily do not accord precedential value to our unpublished decisions and that such decisions are entitled only to the weight they generate by the persuasiveness of their reasoning citation omitted
Answer: (D)
Question: not impliedly preempt the field of law related to the price, route, and service of motor carriers of property, and does not impliedly preempt by conflict her state-law claims. As stated above, in Kelley the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals concluded that 14501(c) preempts the field of law regarding price, route, and service of motor carriers of property. See Kelley, 69 F.3d at 1509-10 ("Here, Congress has clearly chosen ... to preempt the entire field of price, service, and route regulation of intrastate motor carrier activities."). Furthermore, other federal courts have held that 14501(c)(1) expressly preempts state tort claims relating to price, route, or service against motor carriers of property. See, e.g., Data Mfg., Inc. v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 557 F.3d 849 (8th Cir.2009) (<HOLDING>); Deerskin Trading Post, Inc. v. United Parcel
Holding statements: (A) holding plaintiffs statelaw claims alleging common law misrepresentation and statutory misrepresentation under the texas insurance code art 2121 not preempted because they were not dependent on the right to recover benefits under the erisa plan (B) holding fraudulent representations to the fda could not sustain statelaw claims (C) holding that 14501c1 preempted statelaw claims of fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation and money had and received related to billing practices of motor carrier of property (D) holding negligent misrepresentation sufficient (E) holding misrepresentation claim to be preempted
Answer: (C)
Question: of the offense." Nothing prevented the jury from considering any circumstances of the offense as mitigation. 4. Victim Impact Statement 125 The trial court instructed the jury it could consider Gina's victim impact statement "to the extent that it rebuts mitigation." Forde asserts that the instruction was erroneous because Gina's statement did not rebut any mitigation evidence, and the instruction therefore permitted the jury to consider the statement as an improper non-statutory aggravator. Because Forde did not object to this instruction, we review for fundamental error. 126 Victim impact evidence "rebuts" mitigation by informing the sentencer about the specific harm caused by the defendant. Cf Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U.S. 808, 825, 111 S.Ct. 2597, 115 L.Ed.2d 720 (1991) (<HOLDING>) (citation and internal quotation marks
Holding statements: (A) holding the harmed victim need not be the victim of the offense of conviction (B) holding that victim impact evidence properly reminds the sentencer that just as the murderer should be considered as an individual so too the victim is an individual whose death represents a unique loss to society and in particular to his family (C) holding that the death of a victim may not be considered an aggravating factor in a homicide sentencing (D) holding that the victim impact and victim vulnerability aggravators were not overbroad and explaining that though the concepts of victim impact and victim vulnerability may well be relevant in every case evidence of victim vulnerability and victim impact in a particular case is inherently individualized (E) holding statute requiring that murderer be deemed to have predeceased victim thereby entitling victim to all joint tenancy property was not an unconstitutional forfeiture
Answer: | (B) | fc-sni-casehold | 0 | 2dc7d6b9e25ecbc69bbdc7dcaa3b6220399aafbae3a466f848f55d0615a74ddb |
Teacher:Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Context: The AID/APOBECs are deaminases that act on cytosines in a diverse set of pathways and some of them have been linked to the onset of genetic alterations in cancer. Among them, APOBEC1 is the only family member to physiologically target RNA, as the catalytic subunit in the Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing complex. APOBEC1 has been linked to cancer development in mice but its oncogenic mechanisms are not yet well understood.', 'We analyze whether expression of APOBEC1 induces a mutator phenotype in vertebrate cells, likely through direct targeting of genomic DNA. We show its ability to increase the inactivation of a stably inserted reporter gene in a chicken cell line that lacks any other AID/APOBEC proteins, and to increase the number of imatinib-resistant clones in a human cellular model for chronic myeloid leukemia through induction of mutations in the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Moreover, we find the presence of an AID/APOBEC mutational signature in esophageal adenocarcinomas, a type of tumor where APOBEC1 is expressed, that mimics the one preferred by APOBEC1 in vitro.
Answer: Our findings suggest that the ability of APOBEC1 to trigger genetic alterations represents a major layer in its oncogenic potential. Such APOBEC1-induced mutator phenotypes could play a role in the onset of esophageal adenocarcinomas. APOBEC1 could be involved in cancer promotion at the very early stages of carcinogenesis, as it is highly expressed in Barrett's esophagus, a condition often associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Student: | Does the RNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 induce somatic mutations and a compatible mutational signature is present in esophageal adenocarcinomas? | fc-sni-pubmed_qa | 0 | 79112f27198728093f4fbde35f6ef80fa849347dae3dca830e305dff8b706ebb |
Instructions: In this task you are given a small conversation between two persons and 4 options on how the conversation should continue. Your job is to choose the most reasonable option. The conversation and the options are separated by a newline character. Each dialogue in the conversation are separated by a comma. F and M indicate female and male, respectively.
Input: F: Are you busy this week? ,M: Yes. This morning I need to write a business report and this afternoon at 1:30, I'll discuss the report with the general manager. ,F: What's your schedule for tomorrow? ,M: I'm attending the sales meeting at 9 o'clock and in the afternoon at 3:00, I'm seeing Mr .Black, the marketing manager. ,F: What about Wednesday? ,M: I've got an appointment at 8:30 with Mr. Anderson, the bank manager. In the afternoon, I'm taking the 4:45 flight to Hong Kong for the conference.
(A) F: The flight is 5:00 to Hong Kong? Hope you will not be late for the lecture. (B) F: The weather report says it's going to rain in Hong Kong on Wednesday afternoon. Don't forget your umbrella. (C) F: I am really sorry, I did not catch that. Would you slow down, please? (D) F: What a pity that you are going to Hong Kong on Friday afternoon. Saturday is Lucy's birthday party and she invited all of us.
Output: | B | fc-sni-mutual | 0 | 4790bda8bf3af84481820832bee5cec1b7831c50a37eda5503e0266d7989438f |
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