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এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The Asian side's 2-0 victory over 2014 winners Germany on Wednesday - a major upset secured in stoppage time - ensured Mexico progress to the knockout stage of the World Cup despite being thrashed by Sweden in their final group game. Large crowds celebrated Mexico's progression at the South Korean embassy in Mexico City, chanting that Koreans were their "brothers". Images of hybrid South Korea-Mexico flags, tweeted statements of friendship and gratitude, and even vows from fans to begin listening to K-Pop were posted online by droves of Mexico supporters. "Thank you Korea. I don't even know quite where it is, but thank you, thank you," Cecilia Gonzalez, a 22-year-old student told the AFP news agency at a bar in Mexico City. At a World Cup fan park in Russia, Sweden and Mexico supporters celebrated their teams' progression by chanting "Goodbye Germany" in unison. Mexico fans have largely brushed over their side's 3-0 defeat to Sweden in their final group game, which sets them up for a meeting with five-time champions Brazil in the next round. An image of Mexico's green, white and red standard emblazoned with the South Korean flag is also proving popular on Twitter. At home, many South Koreans took to the internet to express their excitement. On Naver, the country's largest internet portal, the German defeat continued to trend. "I never cared much for football but when your country becomes the first Asian team to beat Germany in the World Cup, you celebrate," gushed one fan. "So incredibly proud to be South Korean." Another Naver user said: "We should be very proud of ourselves and our country. From working towards peace [in the joint April peace summit] to our World Cup win, those are amazing achievements. Great year for our country." South Korean social media users also focused their attention on goalkeeper Jo Hyeon-Woo, the "hero to not just one nation, but two". He was celebrated for his quick reflexes which saved the day. One South Korean tourist was even swept up in the celebrations in Mexico City's Zócalo plaza. "A friend of the people!" the tweet reads, as Mexico supporters are shown lifting the man onto their shoulders. But despite all the fanfare and their shock defeat of defending world champions Germany, South Korea will not progress. At least their fans will leave Russia with plenty of new friends. | এবার বিশ্বকাপে মেক্সিকো সমর্থকরা আরেকটি দেশকে প্রাণখুলে অভিনন্দিত করেছে, সেটি হলো দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | People across the country came out in protest, with some of them even taking their children to demonstrations. With so much news around child rape and murder and the exploitation of the powerless by the powerful, how do Indian parents try to explain these events to their young children? "When you're educating a child, it's not a one-time affair," Dr Samir Parikh, a Delhi-based child psychologist, told the BBC. "Incidents in the news should be used as teaching moments based on the child's age and cognitive abilities." Dr Parikh added that Indian parents have started having these conversations with their children more openly than before but it's still not as widespread as it should be. "Education surely makes a difference in terms of parents' comfort and belief in talking about these things," he said. The BBC's Nikita Mandhani gathered a range of voices from different parts of India to highlight varying opinions on what and how much parents choose to tell their children about rape and sexual abuse. "She wants to know if the whole world is like this" My 11-year-old daughter is an avid reader and is interested in political and current affairs. Initially, I didn't want her to be exposed to a lot of news and conversations surrounding rape and sexual assault. But it's become inevitable. When she was five, I explained to her that she needs to be aware and alert about what is happening to her and around her. Then about two years ago, she read about "rape" in a book and asked me what it meant. I didn't go into any graphic details but explained that it meant somebody was abusing someone else or violating the privacy of their body in an unacceptable way. My daughter and her friends are appalled and shattered about what happened to the eight-year-old girl in Kashmir. Sometimes, she asks me if the world out there is like this or whether this is a one-off incident. She gets scared, but she is also at that age in her life when she wants to push her boundaries for independence. So, it's tough to explain why I want someone to escort her wherever she goes or why I want her to dress more conservatively in northern India. Mona Desai - mother to an 11-year-old daughter in the western city of Mumbai "He needs to be aware that he will play a role in bringing change" I have spoken to my older son about incidents of rape and sexual assault a few times. He reads the news sometimes so I choose to frame conversations on consent and violence around incidents in the media. I have also always discussed women's issues with him. I think as an upper class Hindu male he needs to be aware of these concerns and realise he plays a role in bringing about change. I think it's important for my sons to be aware of rape culture. Sexual violence is one of the biggest fears of women around them, and thus ultimately impacts everybody's lives and behaviour. Sexist jokes, phrases and thoughts are called out in our household and examined for how damaging they can be. I don't shield my sons from the news. However, I do let them bring these topics up for discussion rather than imposing these conversations on them. Maybe my children don't always understand the full meaning of what I'm discussing but it's enough for me that they know that to their mother such behaviour is not acceptable. Sunayana Roy, mother of two sons aged 11 and 3 in the southern city of Bangalore "How do I teach her about rape without making her cynical?" Talking to my daughter about issues surrounding rape and sexual abuse is a struggle. I want her to be able to trust people - to be friends with men and fall in love. But at the same time I am concerned about her security and safety. I don't mind if she comes home late or wears clothes of her choice. But I still ask her to return before a particular time and suggest appropriate outfits. This is my dilemma. I want her to understand the reality without becoming cynical. Instances of rapes and violence upset her and she asks, 'Are all men like that?' I explain that a small section of society is like that. It is a struggle to answer these questions when I want her to believe that the world is beautiful. Parul - mother to a 14-year-old in Chandigarh in northern Punjab state "Empowering them to say stop" From the time my children were about four or five years old, we have been teaching them about concepts like "good touch" and "bad touch" and how to respect their own and other people's bodies. We have taught them that there are some body parts that are private and no one should touch, apart from their parents when they are giving them a bath, and perhaps a doctor - but in front of their parents. We have also told them that if someone does something that they are uncomfortable with they should never be afraid to say "no." Also, they can always come to us or another figure of authority that they can trust - that they should never feel ashamed. Even when they play with each other- and you know how boys like to roughhouse - we have a strict rule that when someone says "I don't like it", the game has to end. Basically all of this is to empower them to say "stop". Having said that however, I have actually restricted newspaper access to my children. Both my husband and I are quite particular about what kind of media they have access to, and how age-appropriate the content they are exposed to is. Akhila Prabhakar - mother to two sons, aged 10 and 8 in the western city of Mumbai "She makes up stories about being touched" I haven't talked to my 7-year-old daughter about rape but I started telling her about "good touch" and "bad touch" about two years ago. Since then, every time we talk about it, she tells me a new story about someone who has "touched her inappropriately". Initially I was frantic, but then I realised that none of that had actually happened to her and young children can be really good storytellers! My daughter starts correlating and putting herself in situations we talk about. It becomes difficult for me as a mother sometimes because I don't know if she is processing these conversations in the right way. It horrifies me to see girls as old as my daughter becoming victims of such heinous crimes, but I'm not sure how to approach the subject of rape with my daughter. I fear that if I tell her about rape, she'll start connecting to that as well. Sunanda Parashar, mother of two daughters aged 7 and 2 in India's capital Delhi "I took my teenage son to his first anti-rape protest" We have been having conversations with our son about the idea of consent, appropriate behaviour and violence, and the role gender plays in it for quite a few years now. It's important for children to be steadfast in their beliefs. Everyone has inputs coming in from different directions. Lines are very blurred now. It's very possible that young and immature minds do not understand consent and hormones take over. So, these discussions have become a crucial aspect of our existence. It's not just enough to tell our children to do or not do a thing. We must also give them the courage to ensure that their immediate environment is not subject to such incidents. This last Sunday, we took our son to his first anti-rape protest. We believe it's important for him to see he's not alone and is part of a much larger group of people who think like him and believe in similar values. Arunava Sinha - father to a 15-year-old son in India's capital Delhi Additional reporting by Daljit Ami from BBC Punjabi | ভারতে সম্প্রতি দুটি শিশুকে ধর্ষণ করে হত্যার পরপর দুটো ঘটনা নিয়ে যে ধরণের জনরোষ দেখা গেছে, তার নজির বিরল। অনেক এসব বিক্ষোভে অভিভাবকরা তাদের বাচ্চাদের নিয়ে গেছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Jack GoodmanBBC Reality Check They have also brought a glimmer of hope that the desperate situation inside the country can be alleviated. Images of severely malnourished children, outbreaks of cholera and warnings of whole communities on the brink of starvation have brought the urgency of finding a diplomatic solution into sharp focus. Three-quarters of the Yemeni population is estimated to be in need of humanitarian support. And the longer the conflict continues, the worse the situation is becoming. That is despite very large sums pledged in aid for Yemen. The UN appealed for close to $3bn (£2.4bn) to fund the humanitarian response in 2018. It will ask for $4bn (£3.16bn) next year. So how much of this has been received, where is it coming from, and where is it going? Biggest donors International donors have been praised for raising large amounts of money for Yemen in response to the humanitarian crisis. Almost all of the $2bn (£1.58bn) pledged at a UN conference in April has been received or formally committed. The first pledging conference for Yemen held in 2017 was similarly as successful. The UN says 94% of the pledges - $1.1bn (£862m) - were fulfilled. Half of the money pledged in this year came from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These are the two largest contributors to the UN's plan followed by the US, Kuwait and the UK. The money has been given to dozens of UN agencies, international organisations and local NGOs. The largest recipients include the World Food Programme, United Nations Children's Fund, World Health Organization and the UN refugee agency. These are large sums, but this UN-co-ordinated funding plan is only around half of the total aid committed for Yemen. It's estimated that in total $4bn has been made available this year. Much of this extra funding has been provided by the UAE - a further $1bn - making it, by a significant margin, the largest humanitarian donor to Yemen this year. The Red Crescent Society of the United Arab Emirates was the largest individual recipient in 2018. So if such large contributions are being committed to Yemen, why isn't aid reaching those needing it most? The view from inside Yemen Nawal Al-Maghafi, Special Correspondent, BBC Arabic The current conditions on the ground are seriously hindering the delivery and distribution of aid - far too little is reaching those desperately in need. On the one hand, the Saudi-led coalition is enforcing a commercial blockade on sea and air routes into the country, and placing restrictions on relief supplies. A total of 90% of imports are food, fuel, and drugs, and the blockade is effectively choking a country heavily reliant on these goods. Aid is also subject to long inspection delays as well as in some cases being rejected altogether. Coalition forces have also bombed bridges linking Yemen's main port at Hudaydah with Sanaa, the capital city, which has meant trucks loaded with vital supplies are having to take other routes, adding many hours to journey times, increasing the price of delivery and, in some cases, making it impossible to deliver supplies at all to areas in desperate need. On the other hand, local groups and warlords are also hindering the delivery of aid, and at times there is outright looting and selling on the black market. Houthi rebels have blocked access to besieged cities such as Taiz and set up checkpoints into the capital, charging extra fees to aid agencies, who in turn have less available to spend on humanitarian aid. Profiteers on both sides of the conflict are also intentionally creating shortages and spiking prices of certain items such as fuel and gas. The UN says humanitarian organisations are now able to reach eight million people a month but the warnings of a catastrophic famine have grown stronger. So why isn't the situation improving? Delivering aid in an active conflict is challenging - continued fighting and air strikes make it dangerous for humanitarian workers to gain access to people in need. In the months of June and July this year, 86% of incidents where UN staff were delayed or denied access were due to administrative restrictions on movement - activities that require permissions from the authorities. Most of the rest were delayed by military operations and hostilities impeding humanitarian operations. Suze van Meegen, a spokeswoman for the Norwegian Refugee Council, highlighted some of the difficulties faced by its staff operating in Yemen. "Restrictions on the movement of humanitarian goods and personnel span challenges with security and logistics, as well as complex, changing bureaucratic impediments, delayed visa processes for international staff, and threats to the safety of Yemeni humanitarian staff - the ones working at greatest personal risk to help people in need." However, no amount of aid can offset the economic collapse and spiking food prices that the war has produced, says Jeremy Konyndyk, a senior policy fellow at the Centre for Global Development. Yemen depends on imports for almost all of its food. But ongoing fighting and a tightening of the two-year blockade by Saudi-led coalition forces has led to a significant drop in the amount of food entering the country. The coalition, which backs the Yemeni government, says the blockade has been necessary to prevent the smuggling of weapons. Between May and August this year food imports fell by 30%, according to the UN. Famine warning As a result of the blockade and a collapsing currency, food prices have soared, leaving a desperately poor population unable to buy food even though it is available in shops and on market stalls. A pro-Yemeni-government assault on Hudaydah port, which supplies food and goods for just under two-thirds of Yemen's population and serves shipments of aid, threatened food supplies even further. "If food imports dry up there's no way for the aid community to offset a famine," says Mr Konyndyk. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter | ইয়েমেন যুদ্ধ বন্ধ করার পথে অন্যতম প্রধান ভূমিকা পালন করতে পারে জাতিসংঘের পৃষ্ঠপোষকতায় পরিচালিত চলমান শান্তি আলোচনা। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | "By almost every measure, America is a better, stronger place" than it was eight years ago when he took office, he told thousands of supporters. But he warned "democracy is threatened whenever we take it for granted". He implored Americans of all backgrounds to consider things from each other's point of view, saying "we have to pay attention and listen". The country's first black president, now 55, was first elected in 2008 on a message of hope and change. His successor, Donald Trump, has vowed to undo some of Mr Obama's signature policies. He will be sworn into office on 20 January. Where was Sasha during Obama's speech? World media: 'We will miss Obama' Raucous chants of "four more years" from the crowd were brushed aside by the president. "I can't do that," he said with a smile. US presidents are limited to two terms by the constitution. "No, no, no, no no," he said, when the crowd booed the prospect of Mr Trump replacing him. Striking an upbeat tone, Mr Obama said that the peaceful transfer of power between presidents was a "hallmark" of American democracy. But, he outlined three threats to American democracy - economic inequality, racial divisions and the retreat of different segments of society into "bubbles", where opinions are not based on "some common baseline of facts". "If you're tired of arguing with strangers on the internet, try to talk with one in real life," he said to laughter and applause. In his closing remarks he said he had one final request for Americans as president: "I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability to bring about change - but in yours." Returning to Chicago, where he first declared victory in 2008, Mr Obama delivered a mostly positive message to Americans after a divisive election campaign which saw Mr Trump defeat Democrat Hillary Clinton. Mr Obama said that young Americans - including those who worked on his campaigns, and who believe "in a fair, just, inclusive America" - left him feeling "even more optimistic about this country than I was when we started". In choosing Chicago, Mr Obama had earlier said he wanted to return to "where it all started" for him and First Lady Michelle Obama, instead of delivering the speech from the White House. 'An elegantly worded warning', by Nick Bryant, BBC New York correspondent "Yes we can. Yes we did." A bookend to the speech he delivered on the night he won the presidency in Grant Park, Chicago, Barack Obama's farewell address contained much of the same hope and optimism that were hallmarks of his candidacy while at the same time outlining his legacy. But it was also an elegantly worded warning: about the country's broken politics, its naked partisanship, its stark economic inequalities, its social and racial dislocation. Though he did not mention the President-elect by name, much of it obviously read like a rebuttal to Donald Trump's campaign. Obama called for respect for the science of climate change and drew one of his biggest applause lines when he noted: "I reject discrimination against Muslim Americans." The line "democracy can buckle when we give in to fear," could easily be interpreted as being aimed at Donald Trump. This speech highlighted a stark difference between the two men: Obama's preference for delivering reflective and historically literate orations, and Trump's penchant for expressing himself in Tweets. Mr Obama said that it was in Chicago as a young man, "still trying to figure out who I was, still searching for purpose in my life", that he "witnessed the power of faith and dignity of working people in the face of struggle and loss". "This is where I learned that change only happens when ordinary people get involved and they get engaged and they come together to demand it," he said. "After eight years as your president I still believe that." Some 18,000 people attended the farewell address at McCormick Place, the largest convention centre in North America and the venue for Mr Obama's speech after he defeated Mitt Romney in the 2012 election. The tickets were given out free, but were selling online for more than $1,000 (£820) each hours ahead of the speech. As he leaves the Oval Office, President Obama is viewed favourably by 57% of Americans, according to an Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll, a similar level to Bill Clinton when he left office. Barack Obama's final speech - in quotes On race After my election, there was talk of a post-racial America. Such a vision, however well-intended, was never realistic. For race remains a potent and often divisive force in our society. I've lived long enough to know that race relations are better than they were 10, or 20, or 30 years ago. On his achievements If I had told you eight years ago that America would reverse a great recession, reboot our auto industry, and unleash the longest stretch of job creation in our history… If I had told you that we would open up a new chapter with the Cuban people, shut down Iran's nuclear weapons programme without firing a shot, and take out the mastermind of 9/11... If I had told you that we would win marriage equality, and secure the right to health insurance for another 20 million of our fellow citizens - you might have said our sights were set a little too high. On Michelle Obama Michelle LaVaughn Robinson, girl of the South Side, for the past 25 years, you've been not only my wife and mother of my children, you have been my best friend. You took on a role you didn't ask for and you made it your own with grace and grit and style and good humour. You made the White House a place that belongs to everybody. Read the speech in full | আমেরিকার প্রেসিডেন্ট হিসেবে দেয়া শেষ ভাষণে প্রেসিডেন্ট বারাক ওবামা মার্কিন জনগণকে গণতন্ত্র রক্ষা করার আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Petty Officer Beirut Pakbara, a Thai Navy Seal, contracted a blood infection during the rescue at Tham Luang cave. Beirut was under medical supervision but his condition worsened and he died on Friday, a statement said. Another rescuer, Saman Gunan, died during the operation. Saman, a former Thai Navy Seal diver, had been delivering air tanks and was on his way out of the cave complex when he ran out of air and lost consciousness. A statue of him was later erected near the cave's entrance. Beirut was buried on Friday in his home province of Satun in a ceremony according to Islamic funeral rituals, officials said. The Wild Boars youth football team, aged between 11 and 16, and their 25-year-old coach had been exploring the cave on 23 June 2018 when a downpour flooded the tunnels, trapping them deep underground. They were all eventually freed in a 17-day international rescue effort that involved more than 90 divers and captured the attention of the world's press. The cave in Thailand's northern Chiang Rai province was only reopened to tourists in November this year. The opening ceremony was attended by monks, government officials and park rangers. | থাইল্যান্ডে গত বছর একটি গুহায় আটকে পড়া ১২ জন শিক্ষার্থী আর তাদের ফুটবল কোচকে উদ্ধারে অংশ নিয়েছিলেন এমন একজন উদ্ধারকর্মী রক্তের সংক্রমণে মারা গেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | This will be a presidential campaign like no other. Just as the Democratic contest was winding down, and former Vice-President Joe Biden was strengthening his grip on his party's nomination, the US election was derailed by the outbreak of the novel coronavirus. President Donald Trump, the Republican nominee, and Mr Biden, the presumptive Democratic nominee, have effectively moved their campaigns indoors, skipping the rallies and rope lines that are typically front and centre in an election season. In the coming months we'll find out who has won over enough voters - in the midst of a pandemic - to clinch the presidency in November. From caucuses to conventions, here's what you need to know about the presidential election. What are the main parties? Unlike many other countries, in the US, there are only two parties considered by most voters - the Democrats (the liberal, left-of-centre party) and the Republicans (the conservative, right-of-centre party). Other "third-party" candidates sometimes participate, with the Libertarian, Green and Independent parties occasionally putting forth a nominee. What's happened so far? Before party nominees square off in the general election, presidential hopefuls battle for their party's nomination in caucuses and primary elections ("primaries") across the country. There's nothing regarding primaries in the US Constitution, so the game play is determined by party and state laws. Ask me State governments run primary elections - not the parties - in essentially the same way they run the general election. State laws determine if these primaries are closed, meaning only those registered with that party can vote, or open, where unaffiliated voters can also participate. If a candidate wins a primary election, they win either all or a proportion of the state's delegates, depending on party rules. Those delegates will then vote for them at the party convention, where the presidential nominee is officially named. It's a system that became widespread for the presidential election in the 1970s. Before that, a nominee was selected by party members at conventions. In 2016, just over 57 million Americans - 28.5% of eligible voters - participated in the primaries of both parties, according to the Pew Research Center. The primary process is rather uniquely American, but there are some similarities in Australia and Israel for "pre-selecting" candidates. What about caucuses? A handful of states, like Iowa, have caucuses instead of primaries. Caucuses are run by the parties in precincts across the state. As they are not run by the state governments, caucuses give parties more flexibility in determining the rules, like who can vote. For Democratic caucuses, no ballots are cast, and votes are determined by standing in groups around a room. Do both parties hold primaries? As Democrats are looking to unseat Mr Trump, who is all but certain to be the Republican nominee, their primaries are more closely watched. Voters in early states chose between a wide Democratic field, including progressive candidates like Senators Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren, billionaire businessman Michael Bloomberg and moderates like former Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Senator Amy Klobuchar, and Mr Biden. In April, Mr Sanders announced his exit from the race, making Mr Biden the last candidate standing and effectively crowning the former vice-president the Democratic nominee. As for Republicans? Most states also hold primaries, with Mr Trump's name on the ballots but he has faced no serious challengers. How does voting work with stay-home orders? Some states have moved forward with primaries despite ongoing lockdown measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus. Wisconsin was criticised for holding an in-person vote on 7 April despite health concerns related to the virus, while other states like Wyoming, Ohio and Kansas, held their contests by mail. A total of 15 others, including Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island have postponed their primary elections as late as August. But it's all academic because Mr Biden is presumptive nominee. When exactly will Trump face a challenger? The Democratic National Convention, where the party will name its nominees for president and vice-president, will be held in mid-August in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. That's a month later than initially scheduled because of the virus outbreak. It could yet be a virtual event. The Republican National Convention happens later, between 24 August and 27 August. Technically, President Trump is not the official Republican candidate until it is announced at the convention. That's more likely to be an in-person event because Republican leaders are generally more bullish about returning to "normal". After that, we can look forward to four debates when President Trump or Vice-President Mike Pence take the stage along with their Democratic challengers. The nonpartisan Commission on Presidential Debates, established in 1987, sponsors and runs these debates. The first of three presidential debates will take place in Indiana on 29 September, with two more in October. The vice-presidential debate will take place 7 October in Utah. So how does a candidate win the general election? The popular vote - the sheer number of votes received by each candidate - will have nothing to do with determining the winner of the 3 November general election. That comes down to the "electoral college" vote. A simple majority of 270 out of the 538 votes available wins the White House. This makes some states very important to candidates, as more populous states have a bigger number of electoral votes. It is possible to win the popular vote, but lose the electoral vote, as happened to Democrats Al Gore in 2000 and Hillary Clinton in 2016. What's the Electoral College? It's the term for the officials, "electors", who vote on behalf of the states for president. Each state is worth a number of electors proportionate to its representation in Congress: the sum of its senators (every state has two) and representatives in the House (determined by populous). The six biggest states are California (55), Texas (38), New York (29), Florida (29), Illinois (20) and Pennsylvania (20). This system gives greater weight to smaller states and means a presidential candidate must get a spread of votes from across the nation. What are swing, red and blue states? Republican bastions such as Idaho, Alaska, and many southern states are considered "red states" while Democrat-dominated states such as California, Illinois and much of the New England region of the northeast coast are called "blue states". Swing states are states that can change hands depending on the candidate. As campaigns often choose not to send candidates or invest resources to states they consider unwinnable, the presidential contest mostly takes place in these few swing states, like Ohio and Florida. Arizona, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin may be considered swing states in 2020. How long do voters have to cast ballots? As with many things in America, it depends on the state. Most offer early voting, which allows registered voters to cast their ballots ahead of Election Day (3 November). There's also mail-in absentee voting, for voters who are unable to go to a polling place due to illness, disability, travel plans or attending an out-of-state school. Health concerns over the current public-health crisis have increased pressure on states to expand the availability of mail-in voting, especially in the 17 states that require voters to provide a valid reason why they are unable to vote in-person. For those voting on Election Day, they have to go in-person to an official polling place. There is no online voting. Each state handles its own vote counting and a winner is usually determined on the same night. Though there has been speculation of an outright delay due to the pandemic, a change in date remains highly unlikely. What happens if no-one wins the Electoral College? If no single candidate receives the majority of electoral votes, then the House of Representatives will select the president from the top three candidates. The Senate will choose the vice-president from the remaining two candidates. It's a rare situation, but it's happened once before: John Quincy Adams won the White House this way in 1824. What happens after a winner is announced? There will be a brief transition period following the election, allowing a new president to select cabinet members and make plans. In January, the new president (or returning incumbent) is sworn in at an event called the inauguration. The 20th Amendment to the Constitution - ratified in 1933 - mandates inauguration take place on 20 January. After a ceremony at Congress, the president makes his way back to the White House in a parade to begin their four year term. Who will take on Trump in 2020? | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে হোয়াইট হাউজে যাওয়ার দৌড় সবে শুরু হয়েছে। ২০২০ সালের যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচনের ফলাফল সারা বিশ্বের ওপরই প্রভাব ফেলতে যাচ্ছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Testifying to a Senate committee, the officials said that the rioters "came prepared for war" with weapons, radios and climbing gear. Ex-Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund said he had prepared for a protest, not "a military-style coordinated assault". Four people died after pro-Trump protesters stormed the US Capitol. Three of the four officials testifying on Tuesday to the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee resigned in the immediate wake of the attack, in which one Capitol Police officer was killed. Acting Washington DC police chief Robert Contee III told lawmakers, who are holding the first public hearing into the attack, that he was "stunned" by how long it took for the Pentagon to deploy National Guard troops to help quell the riots. Democrats charge that the attack amounted to an insurrection, and impeached former President Donald Trump for allegedly inciting the mob. He was later acquitted by the Senate, becoming the first president in US history to be impeached twice. What did officials say? All three officials agreed that there appeared to be a level of co-ordination and planning from the crowd. Mr Sund said that pipe bombs that were placed at the edge of the security perimeter appeared to be intended to draw law enforcement away from the Capitol building. "When the group arrived at the perimeter, they did not act like any group of protesters I had ever seen," said the 30-year police veteran. "A clear lack of accurate and complete intelligence across several federal agencies contributed to this event and not poor planning by the United States Capitol Police," he added. Capitol Police Captain Carneysha Mendoza described the clashes, telling lawmakers that she has chemical burns on her face from attackers that still have not fully healed. "Of the multitude of events I've worked in my nearly 19-year career in the department, this was by far the worst of the worst," she said. "We could have had 10 times the amount of people working with us, and I still believe the battle would have been just as devastating." The officials also said that an FBI report, warning that protesters had been preparing for "war", had failed to reach security officials on the eve of the attack. Former House Sergeant-at-Arms Paul Irving said that despite media reports, "optics played no role in my decision around security". He denied reports that officials did not want military troops at the Capitol out of concern that it would generate bad publicity. His account appeared to be in direct conflict with Mr Sund, who testified that Mr Irving had "stated he was concerned about the 'optics' of having National Guard present". "We all agreed the intelligence did not support" calling in the troops, said former Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Michael Stenger. Mr Sund added that no civilian police force would have been equipped that day to repel the massive crowd. Senator Amy Klobuchar, who is leading the hearing, said Pentagon officials will be called next week to testify about the deployment of National Guard troops. Senators say the hearings will help determine new security measures - including a permanent fence - being considered for the Capitol in the wake of the attack. What happened in the riot? At the time, US lawmakers were meeting inside the Capitol to certify Joe Biden's presidential victory. There was a pro-Trump rally that day on the National Mall, at which the former president spoke. He repeated unfounded claims that the election was stolen from him, and told those gathered: "If you don't fight like hell you're not going to have a country anymore." He also told them to protest peacefully but encouraged them to go to the Capitol and have their voices heard. Thousands of his supporters then made their way to the seat of government, overwhelmed the security and smashed their way into the building. At least 200 people have been charged for their role in the Capitol breach. Over 140 Capitol police officers and 65 Washington DC police officers were injured in the hours-long melee. Capitol Police Officer Brian Sicknick, a 12-year veteran of the force, died following clashes with protesters. Two more Capitol Police officers took their own lives in the weeks after the riot. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ক্যাপিটল হিলে গত ৬ই জানুয়ারির হামলার আগে নিরাপত্তার দায়িত্বে থাকা সিনিয়র কর্মকর্তারা ওই হামলার জন্য গোয়েন্দা ব্যর্থতাকে দায়ী করেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The 25,000-square-metre (30,000 sq yd) Huoshenshan Hospital, one of two new hospitals being built, is scheduled to open on Monday. On 24 January, diggers were speedily clearing the ground where the hospital will sit. China's health authorities say 304 people have died from the coronavirus, with more than 14,000 cases in the country and beyond. There have been about 100 cases in another 22 countries, including two people in the UK. The number of cases worldwide has surpassed that of the Sars epidemic, which spread to more than two dozen countries in 2003. There were around 8,100 cases of Sars - severe acute respiratory syndrome - reported during that outbreak. The coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan, home to around 11 million people. According to state media, the new Huoshenshan Hospital will contain about 1,000 beds. China's official CCTV broadcaster has been hosting livestreams so people can watch the hospitals being built in real-time - and they have proved an unlikely hit. The Global Times newspaper says more than 40 million people have been watching the livestreams in China. The popularity of the footage has led to the construction vehicles earning unusual fame. Cement mixers have found themselves with nicknames like "The Cement King", "Big White Rabbit" and "The White Roller". Huoshenshan Hospital is based on Xiaotangshan Hospital, set up in Beijing to help tackle the Sars virus in 2003. Xiaotangshan Hospital was built in seven days, allegedly breaking the world record for the fastest construction of a hospital. "China has a record of getting things done fast even for monumental projects like this," says Yanzhong Huang, a senior fellow for global health at the Council on Foreign Relations. Just like the hospital in Beijing, Huoshenshan Hospital will consist of prefabricated buildings. Mr Huang said that engineers would be brought in from across the country in order to complete construction in time. "Engineering work is what China is good at. They have records of building skyscrapers at speed. This is very hard for Westerners to imagine. It can be done," he added. . | প্রাণঘাতী করোনাভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত রোগীদের চিকিৎসার জন্যে চীনের উহান শহরে খুব দ্রুত একটি হাসপাতাল নির্মাণ করা হচ্ছে। কর্মকর্তারা বলছেন, মাত্র ১০ দিনে তৈরি এই হাসপাতালটি হয়তো সোমবারই খুলে দেয়া হবে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | One rocket hit the embassy cafeteria while two others landed a short distance away, a source told AFP. At least three people were injured, security sources told Reuters. This would be the first time in years that staff have been hurt in such attacks. No group has claimed responsibility but the US has blamed Iran-backed military factions in Iraq in the past. Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi condemned the attack, stating that the continuation of such acts could "drag Iraq into becoming a battlefield". The US State Department said: "We call on the Government of Iraq to fulfil its obligations to protect our diplomatic facilities." Recent attacks have targeted the embassy or Iraqi military bases where American troops are deployed. Iraq has been dragged into a rapid deterioration in relations between Iran and the US in recent months. This included the US killing of the top Iranian military commander, Gen Qasem Soleimani, by a drone strike on 3 January at Baghdad airport. Also assassinated in the US strike was Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an Iraqi who had commanded the Iranian-backed Kataib Hezbollah militia group. Powerful Iraqi Shia cleric Moqtada al-Sadr has organised anti-American demonstrations aimed at pressuring US troops to leave Iraq. Sadr's supporters were involved in widespread anti-government protests before the cleric called for the focus to shift to the US after the killing of Soleimani. They began withdrawing from anti-government sit-in camps on Saturday. | ইরাকের রাজধানী বাগদাদের মার্কিন দূতাবাসে অন্তত তিনটি রকেট হামলা হয়েছে। এর মধ্যে একটি রকেট দূতাবাসের ক্যাফেটরিয়াতে এবং বাকি দুইটি একটু দূরে আঘাত করেছে বলে জানিয়েছে এএফপি। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The ruling overturns a 2013 judgement that upheld a colonial-era law, known as section 377, under which gay sex is categorised as an "unnatural offence". The court has now ruled discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is a fundamental violation of rights. Campaigners outside the court cheered and some broke down in tears as the ruling was handed down. Although public opinion in India's biggest cities has been in favour of scrapping the law, there remains strong opposition among religious groups and in conservative rural communities. But this ruling, from the top court, is the final say in the matter and represents a huge victory for India's LGBT community. One activist outside the court told the BBC: "I hadn't come out to my parents until now. But today, I guess I have." What have the judges said? Thursday's decision was delivered by a five-judge bench headed by India's outgoing chief justice Dipak Misra and was unanimous. Reading out the judgement, he said: "Criminalising carnal intercourse is irrational, arbitrary and manifestly unconstitutional." Another judge, Indu Malhotra, said she believed "history owes an apology" to LGBT people for ostracising them. Justice DY Chandrachud said the state had no right to control the private lives of LGBT community members and that the denial of the right to sexual orientation was the same as denying the right to privacy. The ruling effectively allows gay sex among consenting adults in private. What is section 377? It is a 157-year-old colonial-era law which criminalises certain sexual acts as "unnatural offences" that are punishable by a 10-year jail term. The law punishes, in its own words, "carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal". While the statute criminalises all anal and oral sex, it has largely affected same-sex relationships. Human rights groups say police have used the statute to harass and abuse members of the LGBT community. 'Recognising everyone's right to love' Geeta Pandey, BBC News, Delhi Even though it was rarely invoked when it involved consenting adults, section 377 could be - and was sometimes - used as a tool for harassment. It is not surprising then that campaigners are describing the verdict as a "new dawn for personal liberty". But in a largely conservative India, where leaders of all religions have consistently opposed gay sex, it will still be a while before attitudes change and the community finds full acceptance. But laws almost always play an important role in changing mindsets, and by recognising the community's right to love, the Supreme Court has restored the dignity denied to them for a very long time. How did we get to this point? It's been a tortuous route. A bid to repeal section 377 was initiated in 2001 and was batted between court and government until 2009, when the Delhi High Court ruled in favour of decriminalisation. Several political, social and religious groups then mobilised to restore the law and in 2013 the Supreme Court struck down the High Court ruling. Anti-section 377 activists then submitted a "curative petition" - a formal request to review an earlier court order perceived as a "miscarriage of justice" - and in 2016 the Supreme Court decided to revisit its ruling. What has the LGBT reaction been to the latest ruling? One of joy given that the community has fought vigorously to strike down the law. Equal rights activists had argued that the very existence of such a law was proof of discrimination based on sexual orientation. LGBT activist Harish Iyer told the BBC: "I'm absolutely elated. It's like a second freedom struggle where finally we have thrown a British law out of this country... I think the next step would be to get anti-discrimination laws in place, or anti-bullying laws." Messages of support were posted on Twitter, including from film director Karan Johar: Journalist Anna MM Vetticad said India had been saved from its shame: How have political parties reacted? The governing BJP party has said it would leave the decision to the Supreme Court. However, one of its members said he was disappointed with the verdict. Subramanian Swamy, known for making provocative comments, said: "It could give rise to an increase in the number of HIV cases." Meanwhile, the main opposition Congress party has welcomed the ruling, saying they "hope this is the beginning of a more equal and inclusive society". The UN has also welcomed the ruling, saying "sexual orientation and gender expression form an integral part of an individual's identity the world over". What else was said in the ruling? The court said other aspects of section 377 dealing with unnatural sex with animals and children would remain in force. The judges also explicitly said that they only ruled on the constitutional validity of section 377 and were not looking at it in terms of other rights such as those related to marriage or inheritance. It remains too early to say what this will translate to in the longer term. Author and commentator Sandip Roy told the BBC that although the ruling was a cause for celebration, there were still hurdles to overcome, and a need for anti-discrimination laws. "I think we would be foolish to think that this is the end of the fight," he said. Where is homosexuality illegal? The 2017 report from the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (Ilga) lists 72 countries and territories where same-sex relationships are still criminalised, although that includes India before its latest ruling. Most of them are in Africa, the Middle East and other parts of south Asia. The report said homosexuality could still result in the death penalty in eight nations. | সমকামিতা ভারতে আর অপরাধ নয় বলে ঐতিহাসিক রায় দিয়েছে দেশটির সর্বোচ্চ আদালত। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The PM has just chaired a cabinet meeting on Brexit strategy and will make a statement to MPs at 1230 GMT. Six or more Remain-supporting ministers could quit unless she rules out no-deal in her statement. But one of the PM's closest allies has warned pushing back the 29 March exit would not make getting a deal easier. The BBC's Nick Watt says the feeling is Mrs May will "lean into" the rebel ministers' demands and Brexiteers have been told to expect a "very difficult message". She has just returned from a summit in Egypt where she held a number of meetings with EU leaders and continued to press for more concessions to placate critics of her deal, in particular on the Irish border backstop. News of the growing unrest within the cabinet came after Labour announced a significant shift in its policy - a decision to back another referendum if its own alternative Brexit plan is rejected. What are the ministers demanding? Mrs May's Brexit deal was comprehensively rejected by MPs on 15 January and she has said they'll get a second chance to vote on it - possibly with some changes - by 12 March. But writing in the Daily Mail, ministers Richard Harrington, Claire Perry and Margot James said Mrs May must promise now that she will rule out the possibility of the UK leaving the EU without a deal if her agreement is rejected again, and instead seek a way to delay. Mr Harrington, a business minister, told the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire that it was "absolutely absurd" that, with 31 days to go before the UK is due to leave, a no-deal exit was still a possibility. "The idea that no deal is a negotiating tool is absolutely incorrect. No-one believes it in the EU. As far as we are concerned the responsible thing is to rule it out." Unless Mrs May was willing to provide the necessary reassurances, he said he would vote for Parliament to "take control" of the process by backing an amendment - a legislative tool - being put before the Commons by Labour's Yvette Cooper and Conservative Oliver Letwin. If passed, it would give MPs the power to demand a delay to Brexit if a deal cannot be agreed by 13 March. He said he was prepared to rebel and quit, if necessary, insisting this would be the "honourable thing" to do. "Warm words alone will not be enough. It has to be a clear undertaking that she is prepared to remove no-deal and have a short extension to Article 50." Three other senior cabinet ministers, Greg Clark, Amber Rudd and David Gauke, have already signalled they could also be prepared to vote for the Cooper-Letwin option if there is no breakthrough in the next few days. How have Tories responded? Mrs May has long resisted any suggestion that the UK's departure from the EU could be postponed beyond 29 March. Leading Tory Brexiteer Esther McVey, who quit the cabinet in November, said those pressuring the PM to rule out no deal should be making their views known in private. Going public showed they were "losing their nerve" and "bottling" it, she told the BBC. "These people should not be threatening and going to the papers and weakening her hand. If they are going to go, then just go." If the UK did leave without a formal agreement on 29 March, she said the UK and EU should enter into what she described as a short "static period" where everything remained the same. This, she said, would give both sides the time and space to discuss how trade would operate, such as what, if any tariffs, would apply to imports and exports. Cabinet Office Minister David Lidington said that calls to avoid a no-deal Brexit by delaying the deadline for leaving the EU did not resolve the issues. "It ends up simply deferring the need to face up to taking decisions. It's not an actual course of action in its own right," he told the BBC. How has Labour's position changed? Labour has said it will support the Cooper-Letwin amendment, making its chances of success far higher. But leader Jeremy Corbyn also wants to use Wednesday to put his own plan for Brexit - which includes a "comprehensive customs union" with the EU and "close alignment" with the single market - before the Commons. He told his MPs on Monday night that if - as expected - that plan is rejected, the party will formally throw its weight behind another public vote. Shadow Brexit secretary Sir Keir Starmer said that if Labour's Brexit proposals did not get through Parliament "we, the Labour Party will either put down ourselves, or support an amendment, in favour of a public vote". That vote, he added, "ought to be on the option, on the one hand, of a credible leave deal and. on the other hand, remain". Key moments for Brexit this week Tuesday Wednesday Please upgrade your browser Your guide to Brexit jargon | ব্রেক্সিটকে কেন্দ্র করে ব্রিটিশ প্রধানমন্ত্রী টেরেজা মে'কে পদত্যাগ করার জন্য তীব্র চাপ সৃষ্টি করছেন তারই মন্ত্রিসভার কিছু সদস্য। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | In a protest inspired by US civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks, they bathed in suits covering their entire bodies - apart from the face, hands and feet - in the city of Grenoble on Sunday. The Jean Bron swimming pool is among many in France that ban burkinis. Many people in the country regard the swimsuit as a symbol of political Islam and incompatible with secularism. "Operation burkini" was launched last month by members of the group Citizen Alliance of Grenoble to defend what they say is the right of Muslim women. What happened at the pool? After changing into burkinis, the Muslim members of the group were told by lifeguards that their swimsuits were not allowed. Despite this, they entered the pool and bathed for about an hour with members of the community, many of whom cheered and applauded them for doing so. The women were later questioned by police and each fined €35 ($40; £30) for breaching the rules, news outlet France Bleu reported (in French). Speaking to the BBC, two of the Muslim women involved in the protest, Hassiba and Latifa, said they should have the same rights as other citizens. "We have a dream: to have fun in public swimming pools like all other citizens, to accompany our children whenever they want to have a swim while it is very hot in the summer here in Grenoble. "We must fight against discriminatory policies and prejudice in France, as we are actually deprived of our civil rights of access to public services and city-owned infrastructures." In a Facebook post, the Citizen Alliance said the move was part of a campaign that began in May 2018 with a petition signed by more than 600 Muslim women urging the Genoble Mayor Éric Piolle to reform the rules governing public swimming pools. Responding to events on Sunday, a member of France's centre-right party The Republicans, Matthieu Chamussy said: "Political Islam is moving forward step by step and the cause of women receding." Burkinis, a mix of the words "burka" and "bikini", are marketed to Muslim women as a way for them to swim in public while adhering to modesty edicts. But the burkini remains controversial in France, where authorities in several French towns have proposed banning the garment altogether. In 2010, France became the first European country to ban the full-face veil in public. Who was Rosa Parks? Ms Parks, the woman who inspired the "operation burkini" campaign, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat for white passengers in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955. At the time, black travellers were required to pay at the front of the bus, leave it, walk to the back of the vehicle and then re-enter. They also had to give up their seats for white customers if the bus started filling up. Ms Parks' protest sparked a bus boycott and eventually led to the end of racial segregation on buses in the US. | নিষেধাজ্ঞা ভেঙ্গে ফ্রান্সের একটি স্থানীয় সুইমিং পুলে মুসলিম নারীরা বুরকিনি পরে সাঁতার কেটেছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | This remains short of the 90% required to make a nuclear bomb. But under the 2015 agreement Iran was supposed to keep enrichment below 4%. Iran began breaching the deal after President Trump took the US out of it and re-imposed crippling sanctions. However the UK, France, Germany, Russia and China all hope it can be revived. What is Iran planning? The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said Iran had informed it of its plans to enrich to a purity of up to 20% at its Fordo Fuel Enrichment Plant, a facility built deep inside a mountain. But the agency added: "Iran's letter to the agency ... did not say when this enrichment activity would take place." Iran breached the 3.67% purity cap imposed by the nuclear deal in 2019 but the enrichment level had remained steady at up to 4.5% since then. However the increase to 20% was mandated in a law passed by Iran's parliament last month in response to the assassination of the country's top nuclear scientist, Mohsen Fakhrizadeh. The bill required the Iranian government to resume enriching uranium to 20% if sanctions on the country's oil and financial sectors were not eased in two months. It also mandated the blocking of UN inspectors from Iran's nuclear facilities at Natanz and Fordo. What is enriched uranium? Enriched uranium is produced by feeding uranium hexafluoride gas into centrifuges to separate out the most suitable isotope for nuclear fission, called U-235. Low-enriched uranium, which typically has a 3-5% concentration of U-235, can be used to produce fuel for commercial nuclear power plants. Highly enriched uranium has a concentration of 20% or more and is used in research reactors. Weapons-grade uranium is 90% enriched or more. Why do limits on uranium enrichment matter? Observers say increasing enrichment could shorten Iran's "break-out time" - the time it would theoretically take to develop a nuclear bomb. Iran insists its nuclear programme is exclusively for peaceful purposes. But suspicions that Iran was developing a nuclear bomb prompted the EU, the US and the UN to impose sanctions in 2010. The 2015 deal - signed with China, France, Germany, Russia, the UK and the US - was designed to constrain the programme in a verifiable way in return for sanctions relief. What are the prospects for reviving the deal? President Trump pulled out of the agreement in May 2018, calling it "decaying and rotten". But President-elect Joe Biden has said he would return the US to the agreement - negotiated under President Obama - and would lift sanctions if Iran returned to "strict compliance with the nuclear deal". Mr Biden, who is due to be sworn in as US president on 20 January, told the New York Times last year that "it's going to be hard", but that "the last goddamn thing we need in that part of the world is a build-up of nuclear capability". For its part, Iran has expressed interest in once again complying with the agreement should there be a return to full implementation by the US. If Mr Biden "returns to the situation as it was in 2017, then so will we," said Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in December. | ইরান ২০% পর্যন্ত বিশুদ্ধ ইউরেনিয়াম সমৃদ্ধ করার কাজ শুরু করতে চায়, জাতিসংঘের পরমাণু নজরদারি সংস্থা বলছে - এটি এখন পর্যন্ত আন্তর্জাতিক পরমাণু চুক্তির সবচেয়ে উল্লেখযোগ্য লঙ্ঘন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The suspect was Nikolas Cruz, a former student at the school who had been expelled. He escaped with fleeing students but is now in police custody. As the attack unfolded students were forced to hide as police swooped in on the building. It is the deadliest school shooting since 26 people were killed at Connecticut school Sandy Hook in 2012. It is the sixth school shooting incident this year so far that has either wounded or killed students. Broward County Sheriff Scott Israel told reporters Mr Cruz killed three people outside the school, before entering the building and killing another 12. Two people later died after being taken to hospital. "It's catastrophic. There really are no words," Sheriff Israel tweeted later. Three people remain in a critical condition and three others are in stable condition, health officials said. The victims are still being identified. Sheriff Israel said a football coach was among the dead but no names have been released. How the attack unfolded The attack began at 14:30 local time (19:30 GMT) on Wednesday at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, about an hour north of Miami. The local public school district tweeted that "students and staff heard what sounded like gunfire" just before the end of the day. Witnesses said that the suspect set off a fire alarm before he began shooting. Police and Swat team members swarmed the campus and began clearing students from the school, as parents and ambulances converged on the scene. Mr Cruz, who had been expelled for "disciplinary reasons", was taken into custody without incident in the nearby town of Coral Springs about an hour after he left the high school, according to police. Officials gave no details of the reasons for his expulsion but student Victoria Olvera, 17, told the Associated Press it was because of a fight with his ex-girlfriend's new boyfriend. She also said he had been abusive towards the ex-girlfriend. Local media report that Mr Cruz bought his gun, an AR-15, legally and kept it locked away in the house of the family he was staying with, following his adoptive mother's death in November. Neighbours and friends said Mr Cruz was known to shoot at chickens, and talk about shooting lizards, squirrels and frogs. "We have already begun to dissect his websites and things on social media that he was on and some of the things... are very, very disturbing," Sheriff Israel said. 'Worst nightmare' The school has nearly 3,000 students. Classes are cancelled for the rest of this week. Many students said they thought it was a drill because a fire alarm practice had taken place shortly before the shooting. Students told US media they hid under desks, in closets or barricaded doors as loud shots rang out. One student, Bailey Vosberg, said: "I heard what sounded like fireworks and I looked at my friend and he asked me if I heard that." "Immediately, I knew. I didn't say anything to him, I just hopped over the fence and I went straight to the road that our school is located on - and as I got there there was just Swat cars and police units, police vehicles just flying by, helicopters over the top of us." Caesar Figueroa, a parent, told CBS News his daughter was hiding in a closet when she called him. He told the news outlet that he told her not to call him because he did not want the gunman to hear her voice. "It's the worst nightmare not hearing from my daughter for 20 minutes, it was the longest 20 minutes of my life," Mr Figeuroa said. A teacher told WSVN that she hid in a closet with 19 students for 40 minutes - and that the school underwent training for such a situation six weeks ago. What's the reaction been? Florida Senator Marco Rubio tweeted that the shooting was "designed & executed to maximize loss of life". But he said that it was too soon to debate whether tighter gun laws could have stopped it. "You should know the facts of that incident before you run out and prescribe some law that you claim could have prevented it," he told Fox News. Florida Governor Rick Scott said the shooting was "pure evil", but also refused to be drawn into a discussion about gun control. "There's a time to continue to have these conversations about how through law enforcement... we make sure people are safe," he said. President Donald Trump tweeted his condolences. Congressman Ted Deutch, the district's representative, tweeted: "I'm sick about this news from home. Just spoke with the sheriff. This is devastating." How do previous school shootings compare? Wednesday's attack is at least the 18th shooting in the US this year on or around school premises, according to research by Everytown for Gun Safety. Since 2013, there have been 291 reported school shootings in America, which averages out to about one per week. This is the worst shooting since 2012, when gunman Adam Lanza attacked Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. He shot dead 20 young children and six adults before killing himself. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ফ্লোরিডার পার্কল্যান্ডে একটি স্কুলে আক্রমণকারীর গুলিতে মারা গেছে অন্তত ১৭ জন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Kampala's Lord Mayor, Erias Lukwago, said the law aimed to curb the commercial and sexual exploitation of children. According to government estimates, as many as 15,000 children live on the streets in Kampala, aged from seven up to the age of 17. Offenders face up to six months in prison or a fine of $11 (£9). BBC Uganda correspondent Dear Jeanne said many children were trafficked from villages and forced by their handlers to live in small rooms within the city's slums. To combat this, the new law will ban the rental of apartments to support sex work, begging or petty trade by children. "We are ready to be imprisoned" One street beggar, Annie Katuregye, aged 60, said she used children to accompany her in order to gain enough sympathy from passers-by to give money. "As long as we see children coming, we'll force our way on the streets. We are ready to be imprisoned," she said. Mr Lukwago said the law was targeted at parents and agents who were "cashing in" on children. Parents of children found begging or selling on the streets will also be penalised. "It's now a lucrative business for some individuals who procure these kids from various parts of the country and bring them on to the streets of Kampala," he said. "It's a business. We want to bring that to an end." The law is currently restricted to the city of Kampala rather than the rest of the country. | উগান্ডায় এমন একটি আইন পাস করা হয়েছে যার ফলে এখন থেকে রাজধানী কাম্পালায় পথশিশুদের খাবার বা টাকা দান করা আইনত অবৈধ হবে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Paul RinconScience editor, BBC News website Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna are the first two women to share the prize, which honours their work on the technology of genome editing. Their discovery, known as Crispr-Cas9 "genetic scissors", is a way of making specific and precise changes to the DNA contained in living cells. They will split the prize money of 10 million krona (£861,200; $1,110,400). Biological chemist Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede, commented: "The ability to cut DNA where you want has revolutionised the life sciences." Not only has the women's technology been transformative for basic research, it could also be used to treat inherited illnesses. Prof Charpentier, from the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in Berlin, said it was an emotional moment when she learned about the award. "When it happens, you're very surprised, and you think it's not real. But obviously it's real," she said. On being one of the first two women to share the prize, Prof Charpentier said: "I wish that this will provide a positive message specifically for young girls who would like to follow the path of science... and to show them that women in science can also have an impact with the research they are performing." She continued: "This is not just for women, but we see a clear lack of interest in following a scientific path, which is very worrying." During Prof Charpentier's studies of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, she discovered a previously unknown molecule called tracrRNA. Her work showed that tracrRNA is part of the organism's system of immune defence. This system, known as Crispr-Cas, disarms viruses by cleaving their DNA - like genetic scissors. In 2011, the same year she published this work, Prof Charpentier began a collaboration with Prof Doudna, from the University of California, Berkeley. The two had been introduced by a colleague of Doudna's at a cafe in Puerto Rico, where the scientists were attending a conference. And it was on the following day, during a walk through the streets of the island's capital, San Juan, that Prof Charpentier proposed the idea of joining forces. Together, they recreated the bacterium's genetic scissors in a test tube. They also simplified the scissors' molecular components so they were easier to use. In their natural form, the bacterial scissors recognise DNA from viruses. But Charpentier and Doudna showed that they could be reprogrammed to cut any DNA molecule at a predetermined site, publishing their findings in a landmark 2012 paper. The breakthrough DNA snipping technology allowed the "code of life" to be rewritten. Since the two scientists discovered the Crispr-Cas9 genetic scissors, their use has exploded. The tool has contributed to many important discoveries in basic research; and, in medicine, clinical trials of new cancer therapies are underway. The technology also holds the promise of being able to treat or even cure inherited diseases. It is currently being investigated for its potential to treat sickle cell anaemia, a blood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. But without regulation, some fear Crispr could equally be used to create "designer babies", opening up an ethical minefield. If genome-edited children grow up and have children, any alterations to their genomes could be passed down through the generations - introducing lasting changes to the human population. Last year, Chinese scientist He Jiankui was jailed for three years after creating the world's first gene-edited human babies. He was convicted of violating a government ban by carrying out his own experiments on human embryos, to try to give them protection against HIV. It had been thought a Nobel for this revolutionary science would not be awarded for many years because the technique is also the subject of a long-running patent battle in the US. The dispute involves Charpentier and Doudna's group at the University of California, Berkeley, and a team at MIT and Harvard's Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The disagreement centres on the use of the Crispr technique in eukaryotic cells - those cells that bundle their DNA in a nucleus. It is in such cells, which are found in higher animals, that the most profitable future applications will exist. The competing institutions claim their scientists made the crucial, most relevant advances. Emmanuelle Charpentier was born in 1968 in Juvisy-sur-Orge, France. She obtained her PhD while at the Institut Pasteur in Paris and subsequently worked at scientific institutes in the US, Austria, Sweden and Germany - in addition to her native France. Jennifer Doudna was born in 1964 in Washington DC but spent much of her childhood in Hilo, Hawaii. She was awarded her PhD by Harvard Medical School. This year is the first time any of the science prizes has been awarded to two women without a male collaborator also listed on the award. Swedish industrialist and chemist Alfred Nobel founded the prizes in his will, written in 1895 - a year before his death. Follow Paul on Twitter. Previous winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 - John B Goodenough, M Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino share the prize for their work on lithium-ion batteries. 2018 - Discoveries about enzymes earned Frances Arnold, George P Smith and Gregory Winter the prize 2017 - Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson were awarded the prize for improving images of biological molecules 2016 - Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart and Bernard Feringa shared the prize for the making machines on a molecular scale. 2015 - Discoveries in DNA repair earned Tomas Lindahl and Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar the award. 2014 - Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell and William Moerner were awarded the prize for improving the resolution of optical microscopes. 2013 - Michael Levitt, Martin Karplus and Arieh Warshel shared the prize, for devising computer simulations of chemical processes. 2012 - Work that revealed how protein receptors pass signals between living cells and the environment won the prize for Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka. | জিন প্রকৌশলের মাধ্যমে ডিএনএ সম্পাদনার সূক্ষ্মতম কৌশল উদ্ভাবনের স্বীকৃতি হিসাবে রসায়নে নোবেল পেয়েছেন দু'জন নারী গবেষক - ফ্রান্সের এমানুয়েল শাপেনটিয়ে এবং যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের জেনিফার ডুডনা। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Pallab GhoshScience correspondent, BBC News Dr Anthony Beasley told the BBC that there should be greater government support for a field that has been shunned by government research funders for decades. His backing for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (Seti) marks a sea change in attitudes to a field regarded until recently as fringe science. Dr Beasley made his comments at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Seattle. The director of the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Charlottesville in Virginia said that it was now "time for Seti to come in from the cold and be properly integrated to all other areas of astronomy". Dr Beasley's comments come as one of the private sector funders of Seti research announced that the Very Large Array (VLA) observatory in New Mexico would be joining the effort to detect signs of intelligent life on other worlds. The VLA is a multi-antenna observatory and home to what is regarded as one of the best-equipped telescopes in the world. According to Dr Andrew Siemion, leader of the Breakthrough Listen science team at the University of California, Berkeley's Seti Research Centre, the incorporation of the VLA would increase the chances of finding intelligent life by "10- or even 100-fold". "We are now set for the most comprehensive all-sky survey [for extra-terrestrial intelligence] that has ever been accomplished," he told the BBC. Equally important, according to Dr Siemion, is the credibility that the VLA's involvement brings to the field. "We would like to see Seti transformed from a small cabal of scientists and engineers in California, isolated from academia to one that is as much an integral part of astronomy and astrophysics as any other field of inquiry." Breakthrough Listen is a privately funded project to search for intelligent extra-terrestrial communications throughout the universe. The 10-year project began in 2016, funded by the billionaire Yuri Milner to the tune of $100m (£77m). You might also be interested in: The UK's Astronomer Royal, Professor Lord Rees, is the chair of the organisation's international advisory group. He told the BBC that, given that the multi-billion pound Large Hadron Collider had not yet achieved its aim of finding sub-atomic particles beyond the current theory of physics, governments should consider modest funding of a few million pounds for Seti. "I'd feel far more confident arguing the case for Seti than for a particle accelerator," he said. "Seti searches are surely worthwhile, despite the heavy odds against success, because the stakes are so high". Nasa once funded the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence to the tune of $10m a year. But the funding was scrapped in 1993 following the introduction of legislation by Senator Richard Bryan, who believed it to be a waste of money. "This hopefully will be the end to the Martian hunting season at the taxpayer's expense," he said at the time. There has been no significant public funding for Seti in the US or anywhere else in the world since, although so-called astrobiology searches for evidence of simple organisms from the chemical signatures in the atmosphere's of other worlds receives increasing backing. At the time, the first few planets orbiting distant stars were discovered, but it was not known if this was the norm. We now know that it is - nearly 4,000 have been discovered to date. It is this development, according to Dr Siemion, that has persuaded many respected scientists that the search for intelligent life on other worlds should be taken more seriously. "Ever since human beings have looked up at the night sky and wondered 'is there anyone out there?' We now have the capacity to answer that question, and perhaps to make a discovery that would rank as the most profound scientific discoveries in the history of humanity". | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের একটি জাতীয় মানমন্দিরের প্রধান বলেছেন পৃথিবীর বাইরে বুদ্ধিমান প্রাণের সন্ধানের বিষয়টিতে আরো গুরুত্ব দেয়া প্রয়োজন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Mr Gandhi's appointment was confirmed on Monday, days after he filed his nomination papers for the post. There were no other contenders. He will officially take over on 16 December. The Congress, the country's largest opposition party, won less than 20% of the popular vote in the seismic 2014 general elections which catapulted Narendra Modi's BJP to power. It secured just 44 - or 8% - of the 543 parliamentary seats in its worst performance ever. Since then, the Congress has lost elections in half-a-dozen states, and is now in power in only two big states - Karnataka and Punjab - and three other smaller ones. Its prospects in two imminent state elections - Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh - look mixed. Voters in cities and villages have deserted the party in droves - between 2009 and 2014, the Congress lost more than 9% of the popular vote, bleeding support across castes and minorities. "It is a party bereft of a social constituency of its own," says political scientist Suhas Palshikar. The party has already gained the unenviable reputation of failing to make a comeback in states it loses. Tamil Nadu, where the Congress last won an election in 1962, and West Bengal, where it hasn't been in power since 1977, are standout examples. Key states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, where the Congress lost in recent elections, appear to be going the same way. So can Mr Gandhi, 47, change the fortunes of his enfeebled party? He entered public life 13 years ago, when he stood and won in his family seat of Amethi. Since then, the fifth-generation scion has been seen as a reluctant politician, aloof and disinterested in the hurly burly of politics. Mr Gandhi's elevation to the party's second most senior leader - after his mother Sonia Gandhi - in 2013 didn't improve things. He tried to reform his party by holding primaries, revitalise its flagging youth wing and running it like a corporate office. But the results have been less than impressive, and the party's slide has continued. Then something happened a few months ago. In September, Mr Gandhi went on a well-received tour of the US, meeting students, think-tank experts, government leaders, and journalists and took questions from them. He was self deprecating about his limitations - he told students at University of California, Berkeley that Mr Modi was a "better communicator" than him. His social media campaign has finally begun packing a punch. Mr Gandhi is now being seen as more open and refreshingly amusing - he tweeted a health update about his mother's illness and a video featuring his dog, which caused a sensation. Most importantly, despite his faction-ridden rag-tag army of party leaders and workers on the ground, Mr Gandhi appears to have even spiritedly picked up the gauntlet in Gujarat, Mr Modi's native state, where crucial elections are due soon. (The BJP won all the 26 seats there in the 2014 election.) On the stump, Mr Gandhi has touched a chord with voters with a persuasive campaign: he has spoken with clarity about lack of jobs, the currency ban, rising intolerance, the slowing economy, and the unfulfilled promises of Mr Modi's government. "In his new avatar", says Aarthi Ramachandran, who wrote a biography of Mr Gandhi, "he seems eager to engage with voters". Mr Gandhi's burst of enthusiasm appears to have energised the party's rank and file somewhat, but he will need a lot more political nous and strategy if he's to start winning elections. He will need to articulate a compelling economic vision to young Indians who are tired of confusing reformist platitudes. He will have to find and encourage charismatic and clean local leaders, forge winning alliances with regional parties, and make sure his party runs better governments in the states it rules. Dr Palshikar says the Congress lost the plot a long time ago when it couldn't adapt to "India's changing competitive politics" - the country moved from a dominant one-party state to a "more genuine and intense multi-party competition" and coalition politics became the key to political success. The Congress needs to be seen as a party that is not impervious to charges of corruption - a number of corruption scandals damaged the party when it was in power. All this and more is required to take on the formidable Mr Modi and the BJP's well-oiled party machinery. Many believe Mr Gandhi's toughest challenge will be to contend with the burden of his dynastic roots. They point to Mr Modi who has turned his humble origins to his political advantage. When students in the US asked him about dynastic politics, he argued that India was being led by dynasties. "That's how the country runs," he said. 'Minority appeasement' It was a frank admission, and Mr Gandhi is largely right. Regional parties in India are run by dynasts, and even the BJP is not free of them. "Research has consistently shown that Indian voters are not averse to voting for dynastic leaders," says Sanjay Kumar, political scientist and director of the Delhi-based Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS). More seriously, many voters have gravitated away from the Congress, according to Dr Kumar, because of the "growing perception that it is a party which appeases the minorities". In 2014, the party picked up only 16% of the votes cast by India's majority Hindus. A 2014 analysis by CSDS showed that six out of every 10 Congress voters were either Muslims, tribespeople, Sikhs or Christians - these groups accounted for only three in every 10 BJP voters. "His challenge is to win the hearts and minds of Hindus without becoming a poor copy of Hindutva [Hindu-ness], and to oppose Hindu nationalism without alienating Hindus," says Ajaz Ashraf, a Delhi-based analyst. A clutch of key state elections next year will truly test Mr Gandhi's mettle. "He needs a good election win to change his persona and perceptions about him," says Dr Kumar. There are other pressing questions. Will he be the prime ministerial candidate for the party in the 2019 elections? Or will he hold the party together and allow a prime ministerial candidate to emerge in time? Zoya Hasan, who has written a book on Congress, believes that "with all its faults, it represents a non-parochial idea of India". But, she adds, it is also a party which has "no ideology, only strategy". If there is one ideology that the party continues to represent, "it is the ideology of power". Waiting for Mr Modi to make the same mistakes as Congress did appears to be Mr Gandhi's best bet for seizing power in the near future. He clearly faces an uphill battle. | ভারতে কংগ্রেস পার্টির নতুন নেতা হয়েছেন রাহুল গান্ধী। এমন এক সময় তিনি ১৩২ বছরের পুরোনো এই দলের কান্ডারি হলেন - যখন দলটি ভারতের রাজনীতিতে প্রাসঙ্গিক থাকার জন্য লড়াই করছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Last month the 88-year-old admitted to settling a wrongful dismissal complaint in 2015 with a former employee who claims he sexually harassed her. More women have come forward to accuse Mr Conyers of sexual misconduct, but he denies any wrongdoing. He said he will endorse his son, John Conyers III, to replace him. "My legacy can't be compromised or diminished in any way by what we're going through now. This too shall pass," he told local Detroit radio host Mildred Gaddis in a phone call on Tuesday. "I want you to know that my legacy will continue through my children. I have a great family here and especially in my oldest boy, John Conyers III, who incidentally I endorsed to replace me in my seat in Congress," he added. Mr Conyers' great-nephew, Michigan state Senator Ian Conyers, had earlier told US media he would seek the embattled lawmaker's seat. It was unclear if the 29-year-old still planned to run. The announcement came a day after another woman who previously worked for the congressman accused him of groping her. The allegation made by Elisa Grubbs, who worked for Mr Conyers for more than a decade, was revealed in a sworn legal statement released by her lawyer. She said on Monday that the congressman has slid his hand up her skirt as the two sat in church together. Mr Conyers, a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus and the longest serving current House member, has faced increasing pressure to resign after it was first revealed last month that he agreed to settle a sexual harassment case with a former employee. He acknowledged the 2015 payment of $27,000 (£20,000), but denied misconduct. Top Democrat and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and her Republican counterpart, House Speaker Paul Ryan, have both called on Mr Conyers to step aside. His former deputy chief of staff also came forward with claims that he had groped her and repeatedly propositioned her for sex. Last month Mr Conyers stepped down from his post as the ranking member of the powerful House Judiciary Committee following the allegations. The House Ethics Committee has also launched an investigation into Mr Conyers. Mr Conyers, who represents the Detroit area as a Democrat, first won election in 1964 after working as a civil rights campaigner. He returned to his home district last week, where he checked himself into hospital for what family representatives said was a stress-related illness. More than 100 supporters rallied at a church in Detroit on Monday to encourage Mr Conyers to resist calls from him to step down. | আমেরিকার অন্যতম বিখ্যাত সিভিল রাইটস অ্যাক্টিভিস্ট বা নাগরিক অধিকার আন্দোলনের কর্মী জন কনইয়ার্স কংগ্রেসে নিজের পদ থেকে সরে দাঁড়িয়েছেন। তার বিরুদ্ধে যৌন হয়রানির অভিযোগ ওঠার পর তিনি এই সিদ্ধান্ত নিলেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | A BBC report found that hundreds of children from the Uighur minority ethnic group had had both parents detained, either in camps or in prison. At the same time, China has launched a large-scale campaign to build boarding schools for Uighur children. Critics say it is an effort to isolate children from their Muslim communities. However, Chinese ambassador Liu Xiaoming dismissed this. "There's no separation of children from their parents. Not at all," the ambassador told the BBC's Andrew Marr Show on Sunday. "If you have people who have lost their children, give me names and we'll try to locate them", he added. Evidence gathered by the BBC showed that in one Xinjiang township alone more than 400 children had lost both of their parents to some form of internment. Chinese authorities claim the Uighurs are being educated in "vocational training centres" designed to combat extremism. But evidence suggests that many are being detained for simply expressing their faith - praying or wearing a veil - or for having overseas connections to places like Turkey. More than a million people are thought to be held within the system. After parents are detained, formal assessments are then carried out to determine whether the children need "centralised care". One local official told the BBC that children whose parents had been detained in camps were sent to boarding schools. "We provide accommodation, food and clothes… and we've been told by the senior level that we must look after them well," she said. But Dr Adrian Zenz, who carried out the research commissioned by the BBC, said boarding schools "provide the ideal context for a sustained cultural re-engineering of minority societies." "I think the evidence for systematically keeping parents and children apart is a clear indication that Xinjiang's government is attempting to raise a new generation cut off from original roots, religious beliefs and their own language," he said. Dozens of Uighur parents living in Turkey spoke to the BBC about their desire to be united with their missing children. "I don't know who is looking after them... there is no contact at all," one mother said. Thousands of Uighurs have moved to Turkey to do business, to visit family, or to escape China's birth control limits and what they call religious repression. Many stayed after China began detaining hundreds of thousands of Uighurs over the past three years. Mr Liu, however, described the parents who spoke to the BBC as "anti-government people". "You cannot expect a good word [from them] about the government," he said. "If they want to be with their children they can come back." | চীনের পশ্চিম শিনজিয়াং এলাকায় মুসলিম শিশুদেরকে কৌশলে তাদের বাবা-মা থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন করার অভিযোগ অস্বীকার করেছে যুক্তরাজ্যে নিযুক্ত চীনা রাষ্ট্রদূত। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By News from Elsewhere......as found by BBC Monitoring According to the country's Minister of Islamic Affairs, Abdul Latif Al-Sheikh, the application will allow for the monitoring of mosques, with the length and quality of sermons "assessed by the minute and second", Saudi newspaper Al-Watan reports. It's not made entirely clear who exactly will be doing the monitoring, but it's thought that regular mosque-goers will be able to rate their preacher on a number of aspects of their work. Saudi Arabia is currently mulling the reform of religious teachings, and there's been debate on unifying the content of sermons to steer people away from "foreign, partisan or Muslim Brotherhood" thought. The minister said that religion "is not a field to tamper with people's minds, nor should it compromise the security and stability of this blessed country". The Muslim Brotherhood was declared a terrorist organisation by the Saudi authorities in 2014. Toward a more liberal society? The sermon-rating app comes days after the launch of another mobile phone application in which Saudi citizens are able to rate any government service from healthcare to sports and recreation, the Sabq online newspaper reports. The Watani app is touted as "a mobile application that enables citizens, residents and visitors to evaluate public services, rate their satisfaction level, and contribute to the ongoing efforts focused on improving public services". It seems possible that users of the map-based app will be able to rate its own operator, the National Centre for Measuring the Performance of Public Agencies, as part of a national data-gathering programme to "help decision-makers come to the right choices". The current reforms in Saudi Arabia seem to be driven by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, whose plans to change the kingdom involve a reported return to "moderate Islam" and a gradual liberalisation of society. However, Riyadh this week said it was expelling Canada's ambassador and freezing trade ties after Ottawa called for the release of human rights activists in the kingdom. Reporting by Abdirahim Saeed and Alistair Coleman Next story: Gifts for travellers who hand in old suitcases Use #NewsfromElsewhere to stay up-to-date with our reports via Twitter. | সৌদি আরবের কর্তৃপক্ষ এমন একটি মোবাইল অ্যাপলিকেশন তৈরি করছে, যা দেশটির মসজিদের ইমামদের ধর্মীয় বয়ান পর্যবেক্ষণ করবে এবং বয়ান বেশি লম্বা হয়ে গেলে সেটি ব্যবহার করে তাদের সতর্ক করা যাবে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | President Mario Abdo Benítez, who was sworn in last month, said he wanted to help achieve "a just and durable peace" in the Middle East. In response, Israel said it would close the Israeli embassy in Paraguay. However, the Palestinian Authority said it would "immediately" open an embassy in the South American country. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Paraguay's move had cast a shadow on the countries' relations. Why all the moving around? Paraguay's previous leader, Horacio Cartes, decided to move the embassy in Israel in May, shortly after US President Donald Trump did the same. Mr Abdo Benítez was president-elect at the time, and made clear that he did not agree with the decision. Mr Trump had unveiled the new US stance in December 2017, declaring that he recognised Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. He said he had "judged this course of action to be in the best interests of the United States of America, and the pursuit of peace between Israel and the Palestinians". Guatemala then confirmed it would also make the shift to Jerusalem, and the Czech Republic reopened its honorary consulate in the city. Why is the status of Jerusalem so contentious? Because it goes to the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Mr Trump's decision to recognise Jerusalem as Israel's capital and move the US embassy was denounced by the Palestinians, who said it showed the US could not be a neutral mediator. UN member states also voted decisively at the General Assembly in favour of a resolution effectively calling the US declaration "null and void" and demanding it be cancelled. Israel regards Jerusalem as its "eternal and undivided" capital, while the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem - occupied by Israel in the 1967 Middle East war - as the capital of a future state. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem has never been recognised internationally, and according to the 1993 Israel-Palestinian peace accords, the final status of Jerusalem is meant to be discussed in the latter stages of peace talks. Since 1967, Israel has built a dozen settlements, home to about 200,000 Jews, in East Jerusalem. These are considered illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this. | দূতাবাস স্থানান্তরের তিনমাসের মাথায় প্যারাগুয়ের নতুন সরকার ঘোষণা দিয়েছে যে, জেরুসালেম থেকে তারা আবার দূতাবাস তেল আভিভে সরিয়ে নিতে যাচ্ছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Linda SerckBBC News Online Abderraouf Qutteineh thought he was about to meet a 14-year-old girl for sex. The 74-year-old had befriended her online and sent hundreds of increasingly explicit messages over the space of two weeks. As he waited at a railway station for his prey to arrive, he was confronted by his correspondent - a mother waging a crusade against groomers. Ms Hunter, 35, was able to hand all of her evidence to the police, who promptly arrested Qutteineh, a grandfather from Windsor. At his sentencing at Reading Crown Court, it emerged Qutteineh had been spending his spare time naked in front of a phone camera for someone he thought was a girl young enough to be his granddaughter. Because he hadn't been in trouble before, and because there hadn't in this case been a child victim, the judge decided to pass a suspended sentence. For mum-of-four Ms Hunter, though, it signalled another victory in her battle against online sex predators. Ms Hunter, from Kent, has spent nearly a year living a double life. By day she's busy with domestic chores and looking after her children. By night she becomes 14-year-old Chloe. "I get up, get the kids up, get them off to school, and then just do normal housework, catching up on washing and hoovering," she says of her daytime routine. "I'm a housewife, I've got my own children. Being a decoy who is 14 means they think I'm at school during the day. "I jump on when they believe that I've finished school to tell them I've got to do my homework and have dinner, so I can sort my own children out." Ms Hunter, along with her husband, is part of Shadow Hunters, a group of adults who pose as girls on social media and then travel the country confronting those men who arrange to meet up. They hand over all their evidence to police, who are often able to make an arrest on the spot - although police discourage such groups from these activities, arguing they can jeopardise ongoing investigations into grooming networks. The evidence collected by Shadow Hunters consists mostly of reams of chat logs in which the groomer shares his explicit fantasies of underage sex. Explaining what motivates her, Ms Hunter says: "It was always something I wanted to help with. "I'm a housewife and, apart from the usual stuff, I didn't really do much, so it was just something I wanted to do to help. "Until you become a decoy, you have no idea how many online predators there actually are out there. "Some of them are good-looking, and I think 'what are you doing'? "They just come through and I think 'please just block me', but they just carry on." The predators range from men in their 20s to ones in their 70s such as Qutteineh, who was the oldest groomer Ms Hunter has dealt with. "We didn't think he'd turn up because of his age," she says. "You get to know these people inside out; they pour everything out to you. "It wasn't anger when I confronted him... you just feel so guilty for the family, as [he told me] his wife had just come out of hospital from an appointment. "Their family, half the time, are oblivious. The next thing they know they've got the police turn up at their door to take all their devices, so you feel guilty for the family because they're victims in this as well." Since starting her crusade in August, she has chatted to more than 50 men who said they wanted to meet up for sex. "The first one I got, I came home and I cried," she says. "It was awful. There were just so many emotions all in one - relief, anger. "You build yourself up knowing you're going to be face to face with someone that believes you to be a child. "With it being my first one I didn't know what to expect, but then you're faced with the reality of what they actually do, and you feel annoyed because they're standing there and try and lie to your face. "I was nervous, I was shaking, but then the adrenaline kicks in, especially when you see him at the meet point." You might also be interested in 'Paedophile hunter' evidence used 150 times Children could get grooming 'alerts' Are 'paedophile hunters' hindering police? She says the first time she was "groomed" online it took some getting used to. "You go from not doing anything at night, just watching telly and that, to your phone constantly going off with messages. "At night it's a completely different life I lead." But now, after nearly a year, her double life is almost second nature. "It sounds silly," she says, "but I'd probably be bored now; if I wasn't doing this, I'd be lost. "I still watch all my soaps, if the kids need me I can still do that - you just make up an excuse [to the groomer] and say your mum's calling and you'll be back in a minute." She also gets plenty of support from her fellow Shadow Hunters, whom she describes as her "second family". "I'd be lost without my team," she says. "We have group calls, we have a laugh. When we need to be serious we get the job done, but we're all really close and get together, have Christmas parties. "If one of us gets [an indecent] pic that is slightly odd looking or funny then it goes straight in the group chat and we all have a laugh about it. That helps, it lightens the mood." Ms Hunter, whose Facebook profile shows a photo of a teenage girl, says there is a clear set of rules she needs to abide by to make sure any evidence she gathers will stand up in court and cannot be seen as entrapment. "We do not add anyone; they come through to us and ask for friend requests," she says. "We accept them, but we do not message them first. The first thing a decoy will say to them is their age and check that it's OK. "As a rule we tell the decoys to get their ages in at least three times in the first eight to 10 messages. "We don't lead them on, we just have a normal chat and the men incite the sexual chat, and they incite the meet. It's their choice and we don't encourage anything." Ms Hunter has shown the BBC a selection of screen grabs revealing how quickly the chats become sexual. Most of them are too explicit to be published here. One of offenders the group has caught is Peter Hicks of Stadhampton in Oxfordshire. The 48-year-old, who had a string of previous convictions for sex crimes, troubled Ms Hunter. "Peter Hicks was awful," she says. "I've had nightmares about him. The things he wanted what he believed to be a child to do were just unimaginable. "It made me feel sick as a grown woman, knowing that he thought there was a child on the other end of the screen." Ms Hunter knew Hicks had a history of child molestation, and he became a key paedophile to try to catch after the mother of a girl he had contacted posted a warning about him on social media. "It was when I knew a real child was involved that it really affected me. I spoke to the child's mum and I promised her that no matter what I would get him." Although it took a long time, she says he did eventually contact her on Facebook. Eventually, Hicks was confronted by the Shadow Hunters in Stadhampton after not showing up on three previous occasions. Appearing via video-link at Oxford Crown Court, he was sentenced to four years. During the sentencing hearing Judge Peter Ross made a point of highlighting his distaste for paedophile hunters, saying they had had "no business" confronting Hicks. But this is an attitude the Shadow Hunters shrug off; they believe the police need their help in catching those engaged in online grooming. "It is obviously the police's job but they've only got so much power in how they can deal with it," Ms Hunter says. "They've even admitted to us that they can't do it the way we do it. We can leave it to the police but until you become a decoy you have no idea how many online predators there actually are out there." A Freedom of Information request to Thames Valley Police showed that in 2017 the force recorded 10 times more crimes of "attempting to meet a child through sexual grooming" than in 2015 - from nine to 90. Recently, the BBC reported that evidence from self-styled paedophile hunters was used to charge suspects at least 150 times last year. Ms Hunter says: "We aim to work with the police, not against them. Basically, we're giving the police a full case; everything is done for them - every single bit of evidence they need." A Thames Valley Police spokesman said: "We do not encourage action of this kind as we must be very careful there is not a compromise to ongoing investigations into paedophile networks." Children's charity the NSPCC agrees, saying paedophile hunters "run the risk of driving offenders underground, endanger ongoing police work and the legal process, or result in innocent people being targeted". Last year Chief Constable Simon Bailey, the national lead for child protection at the National Police Chiefs' Council, said vigilante groups were "putting the lives of children at risk". None of this deters Ms Hunter, however. "The ones that criticise us, I just hope to God that their kids never have to go through being groomed," she says. "The things these men write would just ruin a child. "I feel the police are not doing enough to get them; they don't use the platforms we can use to get them. "If I can make a difference I will do this for as long as I can, whether the police like it or not. "I do this off my own bat. It's not a huge buzz, it's more relief that the predator is off the street. "I'm just glad it's me they're talking to, then at least it's one real child they're leaving alone." If you're worried a child is at risk, you can contact the children's social care team at his or her local council. You can choose not to give your details. You can also report any suspicions online to the Child Exploitation and Online Protection command, or call the NSPCC 24-hour helpline on 0808 800 5000 for advice. Children and young people can call Childline free on 0800 1111 where trained counsellors are available 24 hours a day, every day. *Chelsea Hunter's name has been changed. | প্রতি সন্ধ্যায় চেলসি হান্টার (কাল্পনিক নাম) তাঁর সন্তানদের স্কুল থেকে বাসায় এনে রাতের খাবার খাওয়ানোর পর ঘুম পাড়িয়ে তার আরেক জীবন শুরু করেন। পরিচয় গোপন করে স্কুলের বালিকা সেজে বয়স্ক পুরুষদের সাথে ইন্টারনেটে চ্যাট করেন তিনি। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The Indian foreign ministry tweeted that "no such request" had been made, adding that all issues with Pakistan were "discussed only bilaterally". Mr Trump's claim that he had been asked came as he hosted Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan at the White House. Both India and Pakistan claim all of Kashmir, but control only parts of it. Indian Foreign Minister S Jaishankar repeated in the parliament that Mr Trump's claims were not true. But opposition MPs have demanded that Mr Modi should address the parliament on this issue. Rahul Gandhi, who recently resigned as the chief of main opposition Congress party, tweeted that the foreign ministry's denial wasn't enough. The neighbours have fought two wars over Kashmir, and tensions flared again in the Muslim-majority territory in February leading to cross-border air strikes. Mr Trump had his first face-to-face meeting with Mr Khan on Monday at the Oval Office. Afterwards they spoke to reporters and addressed a variety of subjects. When PM Imran Khan was asked if the US could help in the 70-year-long dispute between India and Pakistan in Kashmir, he said: "Only the most powerful state headed by President Trump can bring the two countries together," according to a White House transcript. Mr Trump then added: "So I was with Prime Minister Modi two weeks ago and we talked about this subject and he actually said, 'Would you like to be a mediator, or arbitrator?' "I said 'where?' He said: 'Kashmir, because this has been going on for many, many years.' "If I can help, I would love to be a mediator," Mr Trump said. Pakistan welcomes mediation by a third party in Kashmir, while India says all issues should only be discussed bilaterally. India was quick to respond to Mr Trump's statement. "We have seen [Mr Trump's] remarks to the press. No such request has been made," said Raveesh Kumar, India's foreign ministry spokesman, in a tweet on Tuesday. "It has been India's consistent position that all outstanding issues with Pakistan are discussed only bilaterally. "Any engagement with Pakistan would require an end to cross-border terrorism." Indian politician Shashi Tharoor criticised Mr Trump's remarks, saying he did not have the "slightest idea of what he was talking about". "He has either not been briefed or not understood what Modi was saying," he said on Twitter. A military stand-off in February ratcheted up tensions between the neighbours over the region again when India ordered a pre-emptive strike on what it said was a terrorist training camp in Pakistan. It came after a terror attack in Indian-administered Kashmir where a suicide bomber killed 44 Indian paramilitary police. Since 1989, Kashmir has been convulsed by regular episodes of violence that have killed more than 70,000 people. | ভারতের প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদী তাকে বিতর্কিত কাশ্মীর ইস্যুতে মধ্যস্থতা করার অনুরোধ জানিয়েছেন - মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের এই ঘোষণা ভারতকে চরম বিব্রতকর অবস্থায় ফেলে দিয়েছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The transport minister was picked by her Social Democratic party after its leader, Antti Rinne, quit as PM. She will be sworn in this week. She will lead a centre-left coalition with four other parties, all headed by women, three of whom are under 35. Mr Rinne stepped down after losing the confidence of a coalition member over his handling of a postal strike. When she takes office, Ms Marin will be the world's youngest sitting prime minister. New Zealand PM Jacinda Ardern is 39, while Ukrainian premier Oleksiy Honcharuk is 35. She will be the third female prime minister in the Nordic country. What is Ms Marin's background? Media reports say Sanna Marin was raised in a "rainbow family", living in a rented apartment with her mother and her mother's female partner. She told the Menaiset website (in Finnish) in 2015 that as a child she felt "invisible" because she was unable to talk openly about her family. But she said her mother had always been supportive and made her believe she could do anything she wanted. She was the first person in her family to go to university. Ms Marin rose quickly through the ranks of the Social Democrats, heading the city administration in Tampere at the age of 27 and becoming an MP in 2015. She has been transport and communications minister since June and has a 22-month-old daughter. Bubbling to the surface Analysts say it may be a coincidence that Finland now has a female prime minister and four party leaders in the ruling coalition who are women, but gender equality is a big issue in Finland and women in Finnish politics have been bubbling under for a long time. A couple of decades ago, researchers noticed that many parties had young women in prominent positions, either second or third in command, Reetta Siukola, development manager at the Centre for Gender Equality Information, told the BBC. There have been two female prime ministers this century, though both were short-lived. Indeed women, especially younger women, have always been active in Finnish politics, and in recent years the public has come to expect 40% or more women ministers in its governments. That changed in 2015, when the relatively male-dominated centre-right government of Juha Sipila took power - only 36% of its ministers were female. Combined with the rise of the #MeToo movement worldwide, this was a huge wake-up call for gender equality advocates prompting a very active civil society discussion, Ms Siukola says. What direction is Ms Marin likely to take? There are unlikely to be any major policy changes, as the coalition agreed a programme when it took office. However, Ms Marin, who won the vote for prime minister by a narrow margin, made it clear it would not be business as usual. "We have a lot of work to do to rebuild trust," she told reporters. She brushed away questions about her age, saying: "I have never thought about my age or gender. I think of the reasons I got into politics and those things for which we have won the trust of the electorate." The Social Democrats emerged as the largest party in elections held in April, and so can appoint the prime minister who leads the coalition government. Mr Rinne stepped down after a plan to cut wages for hundreds of postal workers led to widespread strikes. Coalition member, the Centre Party, said it had lost confidence in him. However, he is as yet still leader of the Social Democrats. Meanwhile, the Centre Party said Katri Kulmuni would be named as finance minister. The 32-year-old took over as its leader in September. The other three leaders were ministers in Mr Rinne's government and are expected to continue in their posts - the Left Alliance's Li Andersson as education minister; Green leader Maria Ohisalo as interior minister; and Anna-Maja Henriksson of the Swedish People's Party as justice minister. Finland currently holds the European Union's rotating presidency, and MPs are likely to approve the new government ahead of the EU summit in Brussels on 12 December. You might also be interested in: | সান্না ম্যারিনের বয়স মাত্র ৩৪ এবং তিনিই হতে যাচ্ছেন বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে কমবয়সী প্রধানমন্ত্রী। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent However, it is not yet known how far it has spread or whether it is driving the deadly second wave of Covid in India itself. What is the India variant? Viruses mutate all the time, producing different versions or variants of themselves. Most of these mutations are insignificant - and some may even make the virus less dangerous - but others can make it more contagious and harder to vaccinate against. This variant - officially known as B.1.617 - was first detected in India in October. How far has it spread? Sample testing is not widespread enough across India to determine how far or quickly the variant is spreading. It was detected in 220 out of 361 Covid samples collected between January and March in the western Indian state of Maharashtra. Meanwhile, it has been spotted in at least 21 countries, according to the GISAID global database. International travel appears to have brought the variant to the UK, where 103 cases have been identified since 22 February. Most travellers from India have now been banned from coming to the UK. And Public Health England has listed the India variant as one of several "variants under investigation" but does not so far consider it serious enough to be classified as a "variant of concern". Is it more infectious or dangerous? Scientists do not yet know whether this variant is more infectious or resistant to vaccines. Dr Jeremy Kamil, a virologist at Louisiana State University, says one of its mutations is similar to those seen in variants identified in South Africa and Brazil. And this mutation may help the virus evade antibodies in the immune system that can fight coronavirus based on experience from prior infection or a vaccine. But what appears to be more worrying at the moment is a variant identified in the UK, which is dominant in Britain and has spread to more than 50 countries. "I doubt whether the Indian variant is more infectious than the UK variant - and we must not panic," Dr Kamil says. Why is so little known about it? Much of the data around the India variant is incomplete, scientists say, with very few samples being shared - 298 in India and 656 worldwide, compared with more than 384,000 sequences of the UK variant. And after the first recorded cases in India, fewer than 400 cases of the variant have been detected worldwide, Dr Kamil says. Is it driving the second wave in India? India has been reporting about 200,000 Covid cases daily since 15 April - well beyond its peak of 93,000 cases a day last year. Deaths too have been rising. "India's high population and density is a perfect incubator for this virus to experiment with mutations," says Ravi Gupta, a professor of clinical microbiology at the University of Cambridge. However, the wave of cases in India could have been caused by large gatherings, and lack of preventive measures such as mask-wearing or social distancing. Dr Jeffrey Barrett, from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, says it is possible there could also be a cause-and-effect relationship with the new variant, but there is still a lack of evidence. He points out that the India variant has been around since late last year: "If it is driving the wave in India it has taken several months to get to this point which would suggest it's probably less transmissible than the Kent B117 variant." Will vaccines still work? Scientists believe existing vaccines will help control the variant when it comes to preventing severe disease. Some variants will inevitably escape the current vaccines, according to a paper published in Nature by Prof Gupta and his fellow researchers. As a result, changes to vaccine design will be needed to make them more effective. However, the vaccinations now available are still likely to slow down the spread of the disease. "For most people, these vaccines can mean the difference between little to no disease and ending up in the hospital with a risk of dying," says Dr Kamil. "Please take the first vaccine you are offered. Do not make the mistake of hesitating and waiting for an ideal vaccine." | ভারতে শনাক্ত করোনাভাইরাসের একটি ভ্যারিয়েন্ট বা ধরন এখন সারা বিশ্বের বিজ্ঞানীরা পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করে দেখছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent It is the only ethnic group to have a raised risk of death in hospital and is partly due to high levels of diabetes. The study is hugely significant as it assessed data from four-in-10 of all hospital patients with Covid-19. The researchers said policies such as protecting people at work and who gets a vaccine may now need to change. Twenty-seven institutions across the UK, including universities and public health bodies, as well as 260 hospitals, were involved in the study. The findings have been made public online ahead of being formally published in a medical journal. However, the results were passed onto the UK government's scientific advisory group - Sage - more than a month ago. The study tells us only what happens once somebody is admitted to hospital, not whether they were more likely to catch the virus. It looked at nearly 35,000 Covid-19 patients in 260 hospitals across England, Scotland and Wales up until the middle of May. "South Asians are definitely more likely to die from Covid-19 in hospital, but we don't see a strong effect in the black group," Prof Ewen Harrison, from the University of Edinburgh, told the BBC. People from South Asian backgrounds were 20% more likely to die than white people. Other minority ethnic groups did not have a higher death rate. The study, the largest of its type in the world, shows: The study also reveals profound differences in who is needing hospital care based on ethnicity. "The South Asian population in hospital looks completely different to the white population," Prof Harrison said. He added: "They're 12 years younger on average, that's a massive difference, and they tend not to have dementia, obesity or lung disease, but very high levels of diabetes." Around 40% of South Asian patients had either type 1 or type 2 diabetes compared with 25% of white groups. Diabetes has a dual effect of increasing the risk of infection and damaging the body's organs, which may affect the ability to survive a coronavirus infection. This is thought to be a major factor in increasing the death rate in people of South Asian ethnicity, but the full picture has not yet been uncovered. Other explanations could include poverty or subtle genetic differences that increase the risk of serious infection, the researchers say. The report says ethnicity may now need to be considered alongside age and other health issues when deciding who gets a vaccine if one becomes available. The same issue crops up in deciding who should be shielding and whether some people need extra protection in the workplace. "It does have far-reaching implications that are difficult to grapple with," Prof Harrison told the BBC. "Should there be a different policy for a frontline South Asian nurse to a white nurse - that's what's really tricky." The study showed all ethnic minorities were more likely to need intensive care than people from white backgrounds. This may be partly due to the disease becoming more severe. However, another factor is white people were older and sicker so ventilation in intensive care may not be an option. The differences, however, were not about access to healthcare. The report showed that all ethnicities arrived in hospital in roughly the same stage of Covid-19 suggesting there is no delay in getting help between ethnicities. Earlier work by Public Health England showed people of Bangladeshi heritage were dying at twice the rate of white people, while other black, Asian and minority ethnic groups had between 10% and 50% higher risk of death. Although that did not account for other factors such as occupation, health problems and obesity. Vitamin D and heart disease? Meanwhile, work by Queen Mary University of London has suggested heart disease and vitamin D levels do not explain the increased risk of coronavirus in black, Asian and minority ethnic people. Both had been suggested as potential explanations for the greater risk in some groups. The researchers used data from the UK Biobank study. It is following people throughout their lives, including during the pandemic, and has detailed personal and medical information on people taking part. It did not look at deaths, rather who was testing positive for the virus in hospital. Their study, published in the Journal of Public Health, showed weight, poverty and crowded homes all contributed to a higher chance of having the virus. Researchers Dr Zahra Raisi-Estabragh and Prof Steffen Petersen told the BBC: "Although some of the factors we studied appeared important, none of them adequately explained the ethnicity differences." Even after taking them into account, people from ethnic minorities were still 59% more likely to test positive than those from white backgrounds and the reason remains unknown. Dr Raisi-Estabragh and Prof Petersen added: "This is a really important question and one that we need to address urgently. "There are a wide range of possible explanations including sociological, economic, occupational and other biological factors such as different genetic susceptibilities that need to be considered." Follow James on Twitter | ব্রিটেনে চালানো এক জরিপে দেখা গেছে যে, করোনাভাইরাস আক্রান্ত হলে দক্ষিণ এশীয় বংশোদ্ভূতদেরই মারা যাবার সম্ভাবনা সবচেয়ে বেশি, এবং তার একটি কারণ ডায়াবেটিস। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By The Visual and Data Journalism TeamBBC News The northern states of Roraima, Acre, Rondônia and Amazonas have been particularly badly affected. Huge fires have also been burning across the border in Bolivia, devastating swaths of the country's tropical forest and savannah. So what's happening exactly and how bad are the fires? There have been a lot of fires this year Brazil - home to more than half the Amazon rainforest - has seen a high number of fires in 2019, Brazilian space agency data suggests. The National Institute for Space Research (Inpe) says its satellite data shows an 76% increase on the same period in 2018. The official figures show more than 87,000 forest fires were recorded in Brazil in the first eight months of the year - the highest number since 2010. That compares with 49,000 in the same period in 2018. Nasa, which provides Inpe with its active fire data, confirmed recordings from its satellite sensors also indicated 2019 had been the most active year for almost a decade. However, 2019 is not the worst year in recent history. Brazil experienced more fire activity in the 2000s - with 2005 seeing more than 142,000 fires in the first eight months of the year. Forest fires are common in the Amazon during the dry season, which runs from July to October. They can be caused by naturally occurring events, such as lightning strikes, but this year most are believed to have been started by farmers and loggers clearing land for crops or grazing. There had been a noticeable increase in large, intense, and persistent fires along major roads in the central Brazilian Amazon, said Douglas Morton, head of the Biospheric Sciences Laboratory at Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Center. The timing and location of the fires were more consistent with land clearing than with regional drought, he added. Activists say the anti-environment rhetoric of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro has encouraged such tree-clearing activities since he came into power in January. In response to criticism at home and abroad, Mr Bolsonaro announced he was banning setting fires to clear land for 60 days. The president has also accepted an offer of four planes to fight the fires from the Chilean government and has deployed 44,000 soldiers to seven states to combat the fires. However, he has refused a G7 offer of $22m (£18m) following a dispute with French President Emmanuel Macron. The north of Brazil has been badly affected Most of the worst-affected regions are in the north of the country. Roraima, Acre, Rondônia and Amazonas all saw a large percentage increase in fires when compared with the average across the last four years (2015-2018). Roraima saw a 141% increase, Acre 138%, Rondônia 115% and Amazonas 81%. Mato Grosso do Sul, further south, saw a 114% increase. Amazonas, the largest state in Brazil, has declared a state of emergency. Deliberate deforestation? The recent increase in the number of fires in the Amazon is directly related to intentional deforestation and not the result of an extremely dry season, according to the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (Ipam). Ipam's director Ane Alencar said fires were often used as a way of clearing land for cattle ranches after deforesting operations. "They cut the trees, leave the wood to dry and later put fire to it, so that the ashes can fertilise the soil," she told the Mongabay website. While the exact scale of deforestation in the rainforest will only be certain when 2019 figures are published at the end of the year, preliminary data suggests there has been a significant rise already this year. Monthly data shows the scale of the areas cleared has been creeping up since January, but with a spike in July this year - almost 278% higher than in July 2018, according to Inpe. Inpe tracks suspected deforestation in real-time using satellite data, sending out alerts to flag areas that may have been cleared. More than 10,000 alerts were sent out in July alone. The record number of fires also coincides with a sharp drop in fines being handed out for environmental violations, BBC analysis has found. The fires are emitting large amounts of smoke and carbon Plumes of smoke from the fires have spread across the Amazon region and beyond. According to the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (Cams), a part of the European Union's Earth observation programme, the smoke has been travelling as far as the Atlantic coast. The fires have been releasing a large amount of carbon dioxide, the equivalent of 228 megatonnes so far this year, according to Cams, the highest since 2010. They are also emitting carbon monoxide - a gas released when wood is burned and does not have much access to oxygen. Maps from Cams show this carbon monoxide - a pollutant that is toxic at high levels - being carried beyond South America's coastlines. The Amazon basin - home to about three million species of plants and animals, and one million indigenous people - is crucial to regulating global warming, with its forests absorbing millions of tonnes of carbon every year. But when trees are cut or burned, the carbon they are storing is released into the atmosphere and the rainforest's capacity to absorb carbon is reduced. There were more fires in the mid-2000s While the number of fires in Brazil is at its highest level for almost a decade, the data suggests that Brazil - and the wider Amazon region - has experienced more intense burning in the past. An analysis of Nasa satellite data this month indicated that the total fire activity in 2019 across the Amazon, not just Brazil, is close to the average when compared with a longer 15 year period. Figures from Brazil's Inpe, dating back to 1998, also show the country suffered worse periods of fire activity in the 2000s. Reports in mid-August, including on the BBC, had said there were a record number of fires in Brazil this year. Inpe has since made more data easily accessible, showing how far back its records stretched. We have now amended our reports to reflect this information. Inpe's historic figures are backed by numbers from Cams, which show total CO2 equivalent emissions - used to measure of the amount and intensity of fire activity - were also higher in Brazil the mid-2000s. Other countries have also been affected A number of other countries in the Amazon basin - an area spanning 7.4m sq km (2.9m sq miles) - have also seen a high number of fires this year. Venezuela has experienced the second-highest number, with more than 26,000 fires, with Bolivia coming in third, with more than 19,000. This is a rise of 79% on last year. Peru, in fifth place, has seen a rise of 92%. The size of the fires in Bolivia is estimated to have doubled since late last week. About one million hectares - or more than 3,800 square miles - are affected. Bolivia has hired a Boeing 747 "supertanker" from the US to drop water, and accepted an offer of aid from G7 leaders. Extra emergency workers have also been sent to the region, and sanctuaries are being set up for animals escaping the flames. South American countries are planning to meet in the Colombian city of Leticia next week to discuss a co-ordinated response to the fires. By Lucy Rodgers, Nassos Stylianou, Clara Guibourg, Mike Hills and Dominic Bailey. Design by Mark Bryson. | ব্রাজিলে আমাজনের জঙ্গলে হাজার হাজার জায়গায় আগুন জ্বলছে। গত এক দশকে এত ব্যাপক মাত্রায় সেখানে দাবানল সৃষ্টি হয়নি। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Flora DruryBBC News The vast majority were members of Jamiat Ulema-e Islam Fazal-ur-Rehman (JUI-F), one of Pakistan's largest Islamist parties, travelling from all over the country to try to oust the cricketer-turned-politician. But as eye-catching as they were, there was something else more noticeable: the lack of any women. Their absence, however, was not a mistake: pamphlets released before the Azadi (freedom) march set off last Sunday told women to stay at home to "fast and pray". It worked. BBC Urdu reporters say not a single woman was part of the JUI-F convoy as it wound its way around Pakistan over the course of the next five days. Then, as it reached the capital for a mass rally alongside other opposition parties on Friday, another command was rumoured to have been sent out: female reporters were reportedly banned from covering the event. Some found themselves blocked from entering, while others said they were harassed to the point where they had no choice but to leave. "A man came and started saying women aren't allowed, women CANNOT be here. Leave! Slowly but in a minute's time a crowd of men encircled us and started chanting the slogans, we had to leave," tweeted journalist Shiffa Z Yousafzai.. JUI-F leader Maulana Fazlur Rehman was quick to say they had a "lot of respect for our women" and that female journalists could attend the rally in "full dress code", APP news agency reported. Meanwhile, Naeema Kishwar Khan, who represents JUI-F in the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, denied women had been formally banned and defended the lack of female representation. "If you look in the army, there are men in the front, and women provide medical help behind," she told BBC Urdu. "Our movement is like a war, the situation is deteriorating. If not, women would not be behind." According to BBC Urdu reporters, the women who did attend - some of whom were linked to the other opposition parties taking part - kept a low profile. On social media, the outcry began to grow. But journalist Benazir Shah shrugged it off. "I see this is for the better," she told BBC Urdu. "The women of this country do not need to be part of a battle between two men and their egos, which is what this march is, a power play between two men. "This march is not a movement for social change, as the one the world is witnessing in Lebanon, which has the equal participation of women and men. JUI-F aims to remove a democratically elected government and it uses whatever foul play it can to do so, such as religion. "The women of this country should not be on the wrong side of history." What is the march actually about? This is the first major challenge to Mr Khan, led by his long-term rival, Maulana Fazlur Rehman and backed by other prominent opposition parties. On Friday, they gave the PM 48 hours to step down. Mr Khan has been hit by claims his election win in 2018 was unfair. An EU observer mission overseeing Pakistan's election in 2018 found no evidence of vote rigging but a "lack of equality of opportunity" for each party in the run up to the election. Marchers are also angry with Mr Khan over the state of the economy, which is putting a financial strain on the people he promised to help. "They have not come to power on the public's mandate but on someone else's direction... they won't work for the public, rather they will only please their selectors," Mr Rehman told supporters. However, some analysts have suggested Mr Rehman has different reasons for the march. A canny political operator, he has played a role in government for years - until he lost his seat last year. He is also no stranger to the headlines - publicly doubting the shooting of Nobel Prize winner Malala Yousafzai back in 2012, and then calling for a "people's court" to retry Asia Bibi, the Christian woman wrongly sentenced to death for blasphemy, after she was freed from jail. Columnist Arifa Noor told AFP: "He's been left out of a game and he thinks he's been cheated out of his rightful place." What does the lack of female participation suggest? On the surface, it doesn't look good. But the JUI-F is a very particular case. "I wouldn't say that because women have been asked to sit out a march by a right-wing party, it means that they have been excluded from politics altogether," Ms Shah told the BBC. "The JUI-F has never been a pro-women party. They have opposed the honour killing bill, the women protection act and more recently a bill against child marriages. "We should be more worried about what the other three political parties are doing to include women and especially the ruling party. The federal cabinet has a paltry representation of women. In Punjab, there are only two women in the provincial cabinet." | মুখে দাড়ি, হাতে সাদা-কালো পতাকা আর হলুদ রঙের পোশাক পড়ে রাজধানী ইসলামাবাদে বিক্ষোভে নেমেছেন হাজার হাজার মানুষ। উদ্দেশ্য, প্রধানমন্ত্রী ইমরান খানকে ক্ষমতা থেকে অপসারণ। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Donald Trump pulled the US out of a multi-country deal that suspended sanctions on Iran while limiting its nuclear activities. After saying the deal was "defective at its core", he placed more sanctions on Iran. Iran responded with frustration, but it now appears to be engaging in a more off-the-cuff manner. On Friday, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was pictured in a post on his Instagram feed at the Tehran Book Fair. Nothing unusual there, but in one image he was seen reading a Persian-language edition of Michael Wolff's book Fire and Fury, which claims that life in the White House is chaotic. The US president described the book as "fiction" and Mr Wolff as a "fraud". When the book was released in January, it was described as a "bombshell" by commentators as it raised doubts over Mr Trump's mental health. It claimed that Mr Trump pursued friends' wives and that his daughter Ivanka would mock his hairstyle behind his back. The photo was posted just days after Iran's President Hassan Rouhani appeared to troll the US in the wake of Mr Trump's decision to pull out of the deal. The deal with Iran's government was signed by Mr Trump's predecessor, Barack Obama. It was agreed between Iran and the five permanent members of the UN Security Council - the US, UK, France, China and Russia - plus Germany. On Wednesday, Ayatollah Khameni said Mr Trump had "made a mistake" in deciding to leave a multi-country nuclear deal. "I said from the first day: don't trust America," Mr Khamenei said. On a visit to Tehran's book fair - which began on 2 May and closes on Saturday - the Shia religious leader cut a jovial figure as he spoke with store-holders and read books. | দিন কয়েক আগে আমেরিকা ও ইরানের মধ্যে সম্পর্কে গুরুতর অবনতি ঘটেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Protesters hurled stones at the police at Damascus Gate in the Old City, and officers responded with stun grenades, rubber bullets and water cannon. Palestinian medics said 90 Palestinians were wounded. Israeli police said at least one officer was hurt. It follows days of simmering unrest over possible evictions of Palestinians from land claimed by Jewish settlers. On Friday, more than 200 Palestinians and at least 17 Israeli police were wounded in skirmishes near Al-Aqsa mosque, emergency workers and police said. Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa mosque complex is one of Islam's most revered sites, but its location is also the holiest site in Judaism, known as the Temple Mount. The complex is a frequent flashpoint for violence, but Friday's was among the worst in years. The Quartet of Middle East negotiators - the US, the EU, Russia and the UN - on Saturday expressed "deep concern" over the spiralling violence. Neighbouring Jordan, meanwhile, condemned the actions of Israeli special forces and police, describing the violence towards the mosque and worshippers as "barbaric" in a government statement. In a separate development on Saturday, Israel's military said a rocket was fired by Palestinian militants from the Hamas-run Gaza Strip into Israel. "In response, our aircraft just struck a Hamas military post in southern Gaza," the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) tweeted. The IDF did not provide any more details, but Israeli media reported that the rocket landed in an open field causing no injuries or damage. Saturday's clashes broke out at Damascus Gate after tens of thousands of worshippers had prayed at Al-Aqsa mosque for Laylat al-Qadr, the most holy night in the Muslim month of Ramadan. The Palestinian Red Crescent said at least 90 Palestinians were hurt, and 14 were taken to hospital. Earlier on Saturday, Israeli police had stopped dozens of buses carrying worshippers to the mosque, and a number of Palestinians were arrested after Friday's violence. "They do not want us to pray. There is a fight every day, every day there are clashes. Every day there are troubles," Mahmoud al-Marbua, 27, told Reuters news agency. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said his country was acting responsibly to ensure law and order while maintaining freedom of worship. Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas condemned what he said were Israel's "sinful attacks". What's the background to this? Israel has occupied East Jerusalem since the 1967 Middle East war and considers the entire city its capital, though this is not recognised by the vast majority of the international community. Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the future capital of a hoped-for independent state. Tensions have been rising over the threatened eviction of Palestinian families in East Jerusalem's Shaikh Jarrah district. The UN says Israel should call off any evictions and employ "maximum restraint in the use of force" against protesters. The League of Arab States has called on the international community to intervene to prevent any forced evictions. Israel's Supreme Court is expected to hold a hearing on the long-running legal case on Monday. | দ্বিতীয় রাতের মতো জেরুজালেমে পুলিশ এবং ফিলিস্তিনিদের মধ্যে সহিংসতা চলেছে, যাতে অনেক মানুষ আহত হয়েছে বলে জানা যাচ্ছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Dawood AzamiBBC World Service Russia and the Taliban, who are historic foes, deny the charges. They come amid what some observers see as a "new Cold War" - so how much truth is there to the US claims? What is the US alleging? In a BBC interview in late March, the commander of US forces in Afghanistan Gen John Nicholson alleged that Russian weapons were being smuggled across the Tajik border to the Taliban. He accused Russia of exaggerating the number of Islamic State (IS) fighters in Afghanistan "to legitimise the actions of the Taliban and provide some degree of support to the Taliban". "We've had weapons brought to this headquarters and given to us by Afghan leaders and [they] said, this was given by the Russians to the Taliban," he said. Some Afghan police and military officials told the BBC that the Russian military equipment includes night-vision goggles, medium and heavy machine guns, and small arms. Who agrees? US officials have accused Moscow of supporting the Taliban for more than a year. In December 2016 Gen Nicholson criticised Russia and Iran for establishing links with the Taliban and "legitimising" the group. Since then a number of high-ranking US officials, mainly military, have made similar claims, some suggesting Russia is also arming the Taliban. But a number of US and Nato officials have been more cautious. Testifying at a Senate hearing in May 2017, US Defense Intelligence Agency Director Lt-Gen Vincent R Stewart said: "I have not seen real physical evidence of weapons or money being transferred." US Defense Secretary James Mattis told the House Armed Services Committee in October 2017 that he wanted to see more evidence about the level of Russian support for the Taliban, adding that what he had seen "doesn't make sense". Nato Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg is on record saying, in July 2017, "we haven't seen any proofs, any confirmed information about that kind of support". For its part Tajikistan has denied funnelling Russian weapons to the Taliban, calling Gen Nicholson's claim "groundless". What's the view of Afghan officials? The Afghan authorities have also given contradictory statements. A few provincial officials have been explicit in alleging Moscow's military support for the Taliban. But the spokesman for Afghanistan's chief executive officer (CEO) said in May 2017 that there was no evidence. Last October President Ashraf Ghani publicly taunted the Taliban for accepting Russian guns. However, his defence minister said the following month that such reports were just "rumours" and "we don't have evidence". What do Russia and the Taliban say? Moscow and the Taliban deny the US claims that they are working together. They separately rejected Gen Nicholson's comments to the BBC, saying he had no evidence. The Russian embassy in Kabul and the foreign ministry in Moscow dismissed such claims as "baseless" and "idle gossip". A Taliban spokesman said they had not "received military assistance from any country". Moscow has repeatedly accused the US and Nato of trying to blame Russia for their "failures" and worsening security in Afghanistan. Russian officials and politicians have even implied that the US and Nato support IS in Afghanistan; a charge the US vehemently denies and most observers find incredible. Do Russia and the Taliban acknowledge links? Russia denies materially supporting the insurgents but acknowledges "contacts" with the Taliban. According to some Taliban sources, a communication channel between Moscow and the Taliban was established almost a decade ago, following the Taliban's removal from power by the US in 2001. But ties between Moscow and the Taliban have improved significantly over the past three years, especially since the establishment of the so-called "IS Khorasan" group in Afghanistan in January 2015. Taliban sources confirm their representatives have met Russian officials inside Russia and "other" countries several times. As part of these new "links", some Taliban expected sophisticated weapons from Russia that could dramatically turn the Afghan war in their favour - anti-aircraft guns and missiles that could challenge US air supremacy; similar to the surface-to-air Stinger missile the US provided to the Afghan resistance fighters during the Soviet-Afghan war in the 1980s. So far this remains wishful thinking on the part of the Taliban mainly for two reasons - such weapons could be easily traced back to the source and US-Russia relations are not that bad to justify such a drastic measure. What do the Taliban gain from Russia? For the Taliban, moral and political support by a major regional power is more important than the light weapons they say are widely available in Afghanistan and can be bought on the black market in the wider region. Taliban diplomatic outreach also extends to building relations with China and Iran. This is a morale-booster and has strengthened Taliban conviction in the "legitimacy" of their struggle to oust US-led forces from Afghanistan. The fact that Russia and Iran are accused of supporting the Taliban challenges the narrative that the militants are solely dependent on Pakistan. From enemies to frenemies? Softening its approach towards the Afghan Taliban is a dramatic and somehow unexpected shift for Russia. Almost all founding members of the Taliban movement were part of the mujahideen, which fought against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s. During the factional war that followed the Soviet pullout, Russia provided financial and military support to groups opposed to the Taliban. But after the US invasion of Afghanistan following the 9/11 attacks in the US, the Taliban apparently saw an opportunity to work with Russia. Russia now no longer sees the Taliban as a pressing security threat. Instead, policymakers in Moscow view the group as a reality in Afghanistan which cannot be ignored. In March 2017, President Putin's special envoy for Afghanistan, Zamir Kabulov, even said the Taliban's demand for the withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan was "justified" and criticised the long-term presence of US and Nato forces in the country. What does Russia gain? There are three major reasons for Russia-Taliban links. Firstly, Russian officials say these contacts are aimed at ensuring the security of Russian citizens and political offices in Afghanistan, especially in areas where the resurgent Taliban have expanded their territorial control in recent years. At least two Russians were captured by the Afghan Taliban on two separate occasions, in 2013 and 2016, when their helicopters crashed in Taliban-controlled areas. Both were released after lengthy negotiations. Secondly, the emergence of IS in Afghanistan prompted fears in Moscow that the group may expand into Central Asia and Russia. The Afghan Taliban have been fighting against IS in Afghanistan and repeatedly assured neighbouring countries, that unlike IS, their armed struggle is limited to Afghanistan. In December 2015, the Russian president's special representative to Afghanistan, Zamir Kabulov, declared that "the Taliban interest objectively coincides with ours" in the fight against IS. Russia has also suggested the possibility of staging a Syrian-style intervention in Afghanistan if IS gained strength and became a "serious threat" to the stability of Central Asian countries on the pretext of protecting its "backyard". However, US officials say Moscow uses the IS presence as an excuse to justify its meddling in Afghanistan and to further grow its military influence in Central Asia. Thirdly, Russian officials insist the Afghan conflict needs a political, not a military, solution. They have grown increasingly frustrated by and suspicious of the US strategy that has not so far stabilised Afghanistan after 16 years of fighting. Moscow says the contacts are intended to encourage the Taliban to enter peace talks. What's the effect on the Afghan conflict? A resurgent Russia under President Putin has been pushing for influence in Afghanistan, in moves seen as part of an effort to ensure a seat for Moscow at the top table in any future arrangement in the country. This comes at a time when US-Russian relations are at a low point and the geopolitical situation is changing fast. Moscow's increasingly assertive stance is linked to US-Russian tensions in other parts of the world, especially Ukraine and Syria. By establishing links with the Taliban, Moscow seems to be aiming to pressurise and even undermine the US and Nato. Meanwhile, as the rift between Washington and Islamabad grows, Russia and Pakistan are building diplomatic and military relations after decades of hostility. Moscow's reappearance in Afghan affairs is largely designed to irritate the Americans. The persistent accusations traded by the former Cold War powers has to be seen in the context of a wider blame game. Their rivalry is complicating the conflict in Afghanistan, where the number of actors is increasing. This has renewed fears of a "new Great Game", with Afghanistan once more a battlefield for regional and international players. A way out of the decades-long quagmire appears as far off as ever. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্র অভিযোগ করছে, রাশিয়া তালেবানদের সহায়তা করে আফগানিস্তানকে অস্থিতিশীল করে তোলার চেষ্টা করছে। এমনকি তালেবানকে অস্ত্র সরবরাহ করছে রাশিয়া, যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের কর্মকর্তাদের অভিযোগ। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Secunder Kermani and Mahfouz ZubaideBBC News, Balkh district Perfumed and in a black turban, he's a veteran member of the group, having first joined the militants in the 1990s when they ruled over the majority of the country. The Taliban have arranged a display of force for us. Lined up on either side of the street are heavily armed men, one carrying a rocket propelled grenade launcher, another an M4 assault rifle captured from US forces. Balkh was once one of the more stable parts of the country; now it's become one of the most violent. Baryalai, a local military commander with a ferocious reputation, points down the road, "the government forces are just there by the main market, but they can't leave their bases. This territory belongs to the mujahideen". It's a similar picture across much of Afghanistan: the government controls the cities and bigger towns, but the Taliban are encircling them, with a presence in large parts of the countryside. The militants assert their authority through sporadic checkpoints along key roads. As Taliban members stop and question passing cars, Aamir Sahib Ajmal, the local head of the Taliban's intelligence service, tells us they're searching for people linked to the government. "We will arrest them, and take them prisoner," he says. "Then we hand them over to our courts and they decide what will happen next." The Taliban believe victory is theirs. Sitting over a cup of green tea, Haji Hekmat proclaims, "we have won the war and America has lost". The decision by US President Joe Biden to delay the withdrawal of remaining US forces to September, meaning they will remain in the country past the 1 May deadline agreed last year, has sparked a sharp reaction from the Taliban's political leadership. Nonetheless, momentum seems to be with the militants. "We are ready for anything," says Haji Hekmat. "We are totally prepared for peace, and we are fully prepared for jihad." Sitting next to him, a military commander adds: "Jihad is an act of worship. Worship is something that, however much of it you do, you don't get tired." For the past year, there has been an apparent contradiction in the Taliban's "jihad". They stopped attacks on international forces following the signing of an agreement with the US, but continued to fight with the Afghan government. Haji Hekmat, though, insists there is no contradiction. "We want an Islamic government ruled by the Sharia. We will continue our jihad until they accept our demands." On whether or not the Taliban would be willing to share power with other Afghan political factions, Haji Hekmat defers to the group's political leadership in Qatar. "Whatever they decide we will accept," he repeatedly says. The Taliban don't see themselves as a mere rebel group, but as a government-in-waiting. They refer to themselves as the "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan," the name they used when in power from 1996 until being overthrown in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. Now, they have a sophisticated "shadow" structure, with officials in charge of overseeing everyday services in the areas they control. Haji Hekmat, the Taliban mayor, takes us on a tour. We're shown a primary school, filled with young boys and girls scribbling in UN-donated textbooks. While in power in the 1990s, the Taliban banned female education, though they often deny that. Even now, there are reports that in other areas older girls are not allowed to attend classes. But here at least the Taliban say they're actively encouraging it. "As long as they wear hijab, it's important for them to study," says Mawlawi Salahuddin, in charge of the Taliban's local education commission. In secondary schools, he says, only female teachers are allowed, and the veil is mandatory. "If they follow the Sharia, there is no problem." Local sources told us the Taliban removed art and citizenship classes from the curriculum, replacing them with Islamic subjects, but otherwise follow the national syllabus. So do the Taliban send their own daughters to school? "My daughter's very young, but when she grows up, I will send her to school and the madrassa, as long as it's implementing the hijab and Sharia," says Salahuddin. The government pays the salaries of staff, but the Taliban are in charge. It's a hybrid system in place across the country. At a nearby health clinic, run by an aid organisation, it's a similar story. The Taliban allow female staff to work, but they must have a male chaperone at night, and the male and female patients have been segregated. Contraception and information about family planning is readily available. The Taliban clearly want us to see them in a more positive light. When we drive past a crowd of schoolgirls making their way home, Haji Hekmat gestures excitedly, proud to be contradicting our expectations. Concerns over the Taliban's views on women's rights remain, however. The group has no female representation at all, and in the 1990s prevented women from working outside the home. Driving through the villages in Balkh district, we do see plenty of women, not all of whom are wearing the all-encompassing burqa, walking around freely. At the local bazaar, however, there are none. Haji Hekmat insists there is no ban on them, though in a conservative society he says they generally wouldn't attend in any case. We are accompanied by the Taliban at all times, and the few local residents we speak to all profess their support for the group, and gratitude to them for improving security and decreasing crime. "When the government were in control, they used to jail our people and demand bribes to free them," says one elderly man. "Our people suffered a lot, now we are happy with the situation." The Taliban's ultra-conservative values do clash less with those in more rural areas, but many, particularly in the cities, fear they want to resurrect the brutal Islamic Emirate of the 1990s, undercutting freedoms that many young people have grown up with over the past two decades. One local resident spoke to us later, on condition of anonymity, and told us the Taliban were far stricter than they admitted in our interviews. He described villagers being slapped or beaten for shaving their beards, or having stereos smashed for listening to music. "People have no choice but to do what they say," he told the BBC, "even over minor issues they get physical. People are scared." Haji Hekmat was part of the Taliban in the 1990s. While the younger fighters milling around us are happy snapping photos and selfies, he initially moves to cover his face with his turban when he sees our camera. "Old habits," he says with a grin, before later allowing us to film his face. Under the Taliban's old regime, photography was banned. Did they make mistakes when in power, I ask him? Would they behave in the same way again now? "The Taliban before and the Taliban now are the same. So comparing that time and now - nothing has changed," says Haji Hekmat. "But," he adds, "there are changes in personnel of course. Some people are harsher and some are calmer. That's normal." The Taliban have appeared to be deliberately vague about what they mean by the "Islamic government" they want to create. Some analysts see that as a deliberate attempt to avoid internal frictions between hardline and more moderate elements. Can they both accommodate those with different views and not alienate their own base? Coming into power could prove their biggest test. As we eat a lunch of chicken and rice, we hear the rumble of at least four separate airstrikes in the distance. Haji Hekmat is unperturbed. "It's far away, don't worry," he says. Airpower, particularly that provided by the Americans, has been crucial over the years in holding back the Taliban's advance. The US already drastically cut back its military operations after signing an agreement with the Taliban last year, and many fear that following their withdrawal the Taliban will be placed to launch a military takeover of the country. Haji Hekmat derides the Afghan government, or "Kabul administration" as the Taliban refer to it, as corrupt and un-Islamic. It's hard to see how men like him will reconcile with others in the country, unless it's on their own terms. "This is jihad," he says, "it is worship. We don't do it for power but for Allah and His law. To bring Sharia to this country. Whoever stands against us we will fight against them." | উত্তরের মাজার-এ-শরীফ শহর থেকে তালেবান নিয়ন্ত্রিত এলাকায় গাড়িতে পৌঁছতে সময় লাগে মাত্র ৩০ মিনিটের মত। বোমা বিস্ফোরণে রাস্তার ওপর তৈরি বড় বড় গভীর গর্ত পেরিয়ে তালেবান নিয়ন্ত্রিত বালখ্ জেলায় পৌঁছতে আমাদের স্বাগত জানালেন হাজি হেখমাত, ঐ এলাকায় তালেবানের ছায়া মেয়র। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | He dismissed a claim by Yemen's Iran-backed Houthi rebels that they had attacked the two facilities, run by state-owned company Aramco. Iran's foreign minister accused Mr Pompeo of "deceit". Saudi Arabia's energy minister said the strikes had reduced crude oil production by 5.7 million barrels a day - about half the kingdom's output. Correspondents say they could have a significant impact on world oil prices. The main Saudi stock exchange plummeted 3% on opening on Sunday, before recovering. Saturday's drone attacks hit Abqaiq, site of Aramco's largest oil processing plant, and the Khurais oilfield. The Saudis lead a Western-backed military coalition supporting Yemen's government, in opposition to the Houthi rebel movement. The attacks also come against a backdrop of continuing tension between the US and Iran, following US President Donald Trump's abandonment of a deal limiting Iran's nuclear activities and reinstatement of sanctions. What did Mike Pompeo say? In a tweet, he said there was "no evidence" the drones came from Yemen. He described the attack as "an unprecedented attack on the world's energy supply". "We call on all nations to publicly and unequivocally condemn Iran's attacks," Mr Pompeo added. The US would work with its allies to ensure energy markets remained well supplied and "Iran is held accountable for its aggression", he added. The White House said Mr Trump had offered US support to help Saudi Arabia defend itself. What is behind his allegations? Mr Pompeo provided no specific evidence to back up his accusations. They do follow a pattern of the US blaming Iran for recent attacks involving oil supplies in the region. The US said Iran was behind attacks on two oil tankers in the Gulf in June and July, as well as on another four in May. Tehran rejected the accusations in both cases. If the rebels had deployed the drones from Yemen, they would have to have flown hundreds of miles. One element of the Houthi statement on the attacks did however thank "co-operation with the honourable people inside the kingdom". The Wall Street Journal has said experts are investigating whether the attacks could have been carried out from the north - either by Iran or its Shia allies in Iraq - using cruise missiles rather than drones. If so, it seems unlikely they would have escaped detection. The Washington Post said the US government believed that 15 buildings at Abqaiq had been damaged on the west-northwest sides, not the southern sides facing Yemen. A 2018 UN report concluded that the Houthis' Qatef-1 suicide drone was "virtually identical" to Iran's Ababil-T. The Ababil-T is considered a low-tech drone with a maximum range of about 150km (93 miles). The distance from the nearest point of the Saudi Arabia-Yemen border to the closest target - Khurais - is about 770km. On Sunday, Iraq denied its territory had been used to launch the attacks. How has Iran responded? Foreign Minister Javad Zarif replied on Twitter, saying that "having failed at max pressure, Sec Pompeo's turning to max deceit". He was referring to the Trump administration's stated "maximum pressure campaign" targeting the Iranian regime with sanctions. Mr Zarif said that "blaming Iran won't end the disaster" in Yemen. Earlier, foreign ministry spokesman Abbas Mousavi said that Mr Pompeo's "blind accusations and remarks are incomprehensible and meaningless". Mr Mousavi said Saudi Arabia had "repeatedly violated Yemen" and that the "Yemenis have shown resistance to aggression". What has Saudi Arabia said? It has provided very little information from the two sites. A spokesman for the Saudi-led military coalition fighting in Yemen said investigations were still ongoing to determine who had carried them out. Officials have said there were no casualties. Saudi state media reported that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman had told President Trump in a telephone conversation that the kingdom was "willing and able to confront and deal with this terrorist aggression". The Tadawul All-Shares Index lost 200 points when it opened on Sunday, but had checked the 3% fall to about a 1% loss by midday. What was in the Houthi statement? A military spokesman said the rebels had deployed 10 drones in the attacks. Yahya Sarea told al-Masirah TV, owned by the Houthi movement and based in Beirut, that operations against Saudi targets would "only grow wider and will be more painful than before, so long as their aggression and blockade continues". He said Saturday's attack was one of the biggest operations the Houthi forces had undertaken inside Saudi Arabia. Yemen has been at war since 2015, when President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi was forced to flee the capital Sanaa by the Houthis. Saudi Arabia backs President Hadi, and has led a coalition of regional countries against the rebels. The coalition launches air strikes almost every day, while the Houthis often fire missiles into Saudi Arabia. Houthi fighters were blamed for drone attacks on the Shaybah natural gas liquefaction facility last month, and on other oil facilities in May. Production cut could hit world prices Analysis by BBC business correspondent Katie Prescott Aramco is not only the world's biggest oil producer, it is also one of the world's most profitable businesses. The Khurais oilfield produces about 1% of the world's oil, and Abqaiq is the company's largest facility - with the capacity to process 7% of the global supply. Even a brief or partial disruption could affect the company, and the oil supply, given their size. There was a sharp intake of breath as analysts I spoke to digested the information that reports suggest that half of Saudi Arabia's oil production could have been knocked offline by these attacks. The country produces 10% of the world's crude oil. Cutting this in half could have a significant effect on the oil price come Monday when markets open. The success of the drone strike shows the vulnerability of Aramco's infrastructure, at a time when it is trying to show itself in its best light while gearing up to float on the stock market. And it raises concerns that escalating tensions in the region could pose a broader risk to oil, potentially threatening the fifth of the world's supply that goes through the critical Strait of Hormuz. | সৌদি আরবের তেল শোধনাগারে শনিবারের চালকবিহীন বিমান বা ড্রোন হামলার জন্য ইরানকে দায়ী করলেন মার্কিন পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী মাইক পম্পেও। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Imran Rahman-JonesNewsbeat reporter That's not an especially well-known name - the President's adviser is a 31-year-old former model who likes to keep under the radar. Hope Hicks replaced Anthony Scaramucci as the President's communications director when he was fired after 10 days in 2017. She didn't have a background in politics, but had been connected to the Trump family for the preceding five years. So how did someone with such a low profile get one of the most important jobs in the US government? She came to Donald through Ivanka Trump Hope Hicks started her career in public relations, where Ivanka Trump's fashion company was one of her clients. Having modelled for the likes of Ralph Lauren - as well as appearing on the cover of a Gossip Girl spin-off book - she modelled some of Ivanka's clothes as part of her job. Working with the eldest daughter of Donald Trump meant Hope Hicks eventually caught the eye of the US president. He personally hand-picked her in October 2014 to work in PR for his real estate company. Donald Trump later told GQ that he thought "Hope was outstanding". She ended up in politics by accident In early 2015, she was thrust into the political sphere when she went with Donald Trump on a trip, which turned out to be the first part of his presidential campaign. She even helped run his Twitter account, noting down what he wanted to say and ordering others in the Trump organisation to tweet them. When the campaign got more serious, she had to decide between becoming a full-time political press secretary or going back to work for the Trump real estate company. She chose the latter. But again, Donald Trump personally asked her to stay on his political team. She accepted. She's kept a low profile throughout Hope Hicks rarely gives interviews herself, although she has been there when Donald Trump is interviewed by journalists. And when she started working on the presidential campaign, she deleted her Twitter account. Her Instagram profile is private. This quote which her former lacrosse coach gave to the Washington Post sums up her attitude well. "[Hicks] preferred to have assists. She was the ultimate team player and competitor." When Donald Trump became president, he created a new role for Hope Hicks: White House director of strategic communications. Her way of dealing with the president is not to try and change him, but to simply enable him in what he wants to do. According to a Politico article, Hope Hicks is one of the few true insiders in the Trump family, even having Shabbat dinners (special meals in the Jewish faith) with Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner. She was also one of the few people who got to meet the Pope with Donald Trump in May 2017. Out of the White House... and back in again Hope Hicks resigned in February 2018, one day after she testified to Congress that she occasionally told white lies on Mr Trump's behalf. In the interim she worked for Fox News, but returned to the President's team earlier this year. According to BBC White House reporter Tara McKelvey at the time, the reason was simple. "she said little, yet seemed to know the president's secrets". Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here. | কাছের একজন সহকারী হোপ হিকস করোনাভাইরাস রোগী শনাক্ত হওয়ার পর যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প এবং ফার্স্ট লেডিও কোভিড-১৯ পজিটিভ শনাক্ত হয়েছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Polling to elect a new Lok Sabha, or lower house, will be held from 7 April to 12 May. Votes will be counted on 16 May. With some 814 million eligible voters, India's election will be the largest the world has seen. The ruling Congress party and the main opposition Bharatiya Janata Party will be battling a host of smaller parties. Leaders of 11 regional parties have formed a Third Front against the Congress and the BJP. A new anti-corruption Aam Aadmi (Common Man's) Party (AAP), which made a spectacular debut in recent polls in the capital Delhi, will also contest the elections. If no single party wins a clear majority, smaller parties could play a crucial role.it one of the most exciting elections India has seen for years India's lower house has 543 elected seats and any party or a coalition needs a minimum of 272 MPs to form a government. New option The dates on which polling will be held are 7 April, 9 April, 10 April, 12 April, 17 April, 24 April, 30 April, 7 May and 12 May. Some states will hold polls in several phases. The new parliament has to be constituted by 31 May. Chief Election Commissioner VS Sampath said school examination schedules, weather and crop harvesting seasons had been taken into account in deciding the polling dates. Some 814 million voters - 100 million more than the last elections in 2009 - are eligible to vote at 930,000 polling stations, up from 830,000 polling stations in 2009. Electronic voting machines will be used and will contain a None of the Above (Nota) button, an option for voters who do not want to cast their ballot for any of the candidates. Elections in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar will take place in six phases. Kashmir and West Bengal will vote in five phases each. Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous states and one of its largest. Elections in the capital, Delhi, will be held on 10 April. The election pits the governing Congress party-led coalition against the opposition BJP and its allies. The BJP is being led by the charismatic and controversial Hindu nationalist leader, Narendra Modi. Mr Modi, who is ahead in all the pre-poll surveys, is the leader of Gujarat state which witnessed one of India's worst anti-Muslim riots in 2002. The incumbent Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, is stepping down and Congress is being led by Rahul Gandhi, the latest member of India's influential Nehru-Gandhi dynasty. Correspondents say a number of smaller regional parties are also in the running and some of them could play important roles if neither of the main party coalitions secures a majority in the elections. Related Internet Links India Election Commission | ভারতে আগামী ১১ এপ্রিল থেকে ১৯ মে পর্যন্ত মোট সাত দফায় দেশের আগামী সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হবে বলে এদিন ঘোষণা করা হয়েছে। নির্বাচনের ফল গণনা করা হবে ২৩ মে, বৃহস্পতিবার। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | This latest account of what happened in Turkey on 2 October differs from previous statements presented by Saudi officials. It is also in conflict with those by Turkish officials who claim they have video and audio proof that Khashoggi, a prominent critic of the Saudi government, was murdered by a 15-strong team who arrived and departed on the same day. So how has Saudi Arabia changed its story since Khashoggi's disappearance was first reported? 3 October: 'He left the consulate alive' Khashoggi, who had been living in self-imposed exile in the US, was reported missing hours after he entered the Saudi consulate to obtain paperwork that would allow him to marry his Turkish fiancée. The next day a Saudi official insisted that Khashoggi had left shortly after getting the paperwork and that he was "not in the consulate nor in Saudi custody". The consulate later issued a statement saying it was working with Turkish authorities "to uncover the circumstances" of his disappearance. 8 October: 'Reports of death false and baseless' Crown Prince Mohammed's brother and the Saudi ambassador to the US, Prince Khaled bin Salman, published a letter on 8 October insisting that reports about Khashoggi's death were "completely false and baseless". "Jamal is a Saudi citizen who went missing after leaving the consulate," he wrote. "After Turkish authorities and the media were allowed to inspect the consulate building in its entirety, the accusations changed to the outrageous claim that he was murdered, in the consulate, during business hours, and with dozens of staff and visitors in the building," he said, adding: "I don't know who is behind these claims, or their intentions, nor do I care frankly." 15 October: Possibility of 'rogue killers' Following a telephone conversation between Saudi Arabia's King Salman and Donald Trump, the US president told reporters that the king had denied all knowledge of Khashoggi's disappearance. Mr Trump described the king's denial as "very, very strong". "It sounded to me like maybe these could have been rogue killers," Mr Trump said, adding: "Who knows?" 20 October: 'A brawl and a fist fight' On 20 October, the Saudi government issued a press release following "preliminary investigations" by the Saudi public prosecution office. It said the investigations had "revealed that the discussions that took place between [Khashoggi] and the persons who met him... at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul led to a brawl and a fist fight". This, it added, led to Khashoggi's death. A second official statement on the same day suggested that "a fight and a quarrel" had occurred between the journalist and "some" of those with him at the consulate, resulting in his "death and their attempt to conceal what had happened". 21 October: 'Murder was a mistake' In an interview with Fox News, Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir referred to Khashoggi's reported death as "murder" for the first time. "We are determined to find out all the facts and we are determined to punish those who are responsible for this murder," he said. "The individuals who did this, did this outside the scope of their authority," he said. "Even the senior leadership of our intelligence service was not aware of this," he added, calling it a "rogue operation". "There obviously was a tremendous mistake made, and what compounded the mistake was the attempt to try to cover up." | সৌদি আরবের সরকারি কৌঁসুলি বলছেন, ইস্তাম্বুলের কনস্যুলেটের ভেতর সাংবাদিক জামাল খাসোগজিকে হত্যার নির্দেশ দিয়েছিলেন একজন গোয়েন্দা কর্মকর্তা, যুবরাজ মোহাম্মদ বিন সালমান নন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | A total of 1.2 million people reported their activity levels for a month and rated their mental wellbeing. People who exercised had 1.5 fewer "bad days" a month than non-exercisers, the study found. Team sports, cycling and aerobics had the greatest positive impact. All types of activity were found to improve mental health no matter people's age or gender, including doing the housework and looking after the children. The study, published in The Lancet Psychiatry Journal, is the largest of its kind to date but it cannot confirm that physical activity is the cause of improved mental health. Previous research into the effects of exercise on mental health have thrown up mixed results, and some studies suggest that lack of activity could lead to poor mental health as well as being a symptom of it. Exercise is already known to reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Adults taking part in the study said they experienced on average 3.4 days of poor mental health each month. For those who were physically active, this reduced to only two days. Among people who had been diagnosed previously with depression, exercise appeared to have a larger effect, resulting in seven days of poor mental health a month compared with nearly 11 days for those who did no exercise. How often and for how long people were active was also important. Being active for 30 to 60 minutes every second day came out as the optimal routine. But there could be such a thing as doing too much exercise, the study concluded. Dr Adam Chekroud, study author and assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale University, said: "Previously, people have believed that the more exercise you do, the better your mental health, but our study suggests that this is not the case. "Doing exercise more than 23 times a month, or exercising for longer than 90-minute sessions is associated with worse mental health." He said the positive impact of team sports suggested that social sports activities could reduce isolation and be good for resilience, while also reducing depression. Complicated link The findings back up government guidelines recommending that people should do 150 minutes of physical activity per week. But the study has some limitations. It is based on self-reporting, which is not always accurate, and there is no way of measuring physical activity. Dr Dean Burnett, neuroscientist and honorary research associate, from the school of psychology at Cardiff University, said the link between exercise and mental health had been difficult to pin down but this large study "strongly suggests that there is a definite association between the two". "However, the nature of the study means it's difficult to say more than that with any real certainty," he said. Prof Stephen Lawrie, head of psychiatry at the University of Edinburgh, said it indicated that social and "mindful" exercise is particularly good for mental health - but not if it is overdone. "I suspect we all know people who seem 'addicted' to exercise and if this starts to impact on other aspects of life - like foregoing social activities because one has to be up at the crack of dawn to run several miles - it might actually be bad for people," he added. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সাম্প্রতিক এক গবেষণায় উঠে আসে, দৈনিক অন্তত ৪৫ মিনিট করে সপ্তাহে তিন থেকে পাঁচবার শরীরচর্চা মানসিক সমস্যার সমাধানে কার্যকরী ভূমিকা রাখতে পারে - তবে এর চেয়ে বেশী ব্যায়াম করলে তা মানসিক স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য উপকারী হবে, এমন নয়। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By M Ilyas KhanBBC News, Islamabad It's the first time Shakil Afridi's case has been heard in open court. The judge adjourned the case until 22 October at the request of prosecutors. Dr Afridi's role was a huge embarrassment for Pakistan. He argues he was denied a fair trial. He was never formally charged for his role in the 2011 operation to hunt down and kill the world's most-wanted man. Dr Afridi's imprisonment caused outrage and saw the US cut federal aid to Pakistan by $33m (£27m) - $1m for every year of his jail sentence. in the Peshawar High Court US President Donald Trump promised in his 2016 election campaign that he would get Dr Afridi released in "two minutes" if elected - but that never happened. While the doctor is considered a hero in the US, in Pakistan he is seen by many as a traitor who brought humiliation to the country - US Navy Seals had been able to fly in, kill the 9/11 attacks mastermind and get away with his body without even being challenged, far less stopped. And it raised uncomfortable questions about whether Pakistan's military, which runs its security policy, was aware Bin Laden was in the country. Pakistan remains an uneasy partner to this day in the US-led fight against militant Islam. Who is Shakil Afridi? Dr Afridi was the top medic in Khyber tribal district and as head of health services had overseen a number of US-funded vaccination programmes. As a government employee, he set up a similar hepatitis B vaccination programme, including in the garrison town of Abbottabad, where it turned out Bin Laden was living right under the noses of the military. The US intelligence plan was to obtain a blood sample from one of the children living in the Abbottabad compound, so that DNA tests could determine whether or not they were relatives of Bin Laden. It's thought that one of Dr Afridi's staff visited the compound and collected blood - but it's not known whether this proved central to the Americans' success in locating their target. Dr Afridi was taken into custody on 23 May 2011, 20 days after Bin Laden was killed. He is thought to have been in his late forties at the time. Little is known about his personal life, other than that he came from a humble background and graduated from Khyber Medical College in 1990. His family have been living in hiding since his arrest, fearing militant attacks. His wife is an educationalist from Abbottabad who was principal of a government school before they went into hiding. The couple have three children - two boys and a girl, at least two of them now adults. In January 2012, US officials publicly admitted that Dr Afridi had worked for US intelligence. But it's far from clear how much he knew about his role for the CIA. He said nothing to this effect during his deposition at the Abbottabad Commission into the killing. Dr Afridi did not know who the target of the operation was when the CIA recruited him, according to a Pakistani investigation. What was he convicted of? Although initially accused of treason, Dr Afridi was ultimately jailed in May 2012, having been found guilty of funding Lashkar-e-Islam, a banned militant group that is now defunct. He was sentenced to 33 years in prison for alleged links to the group by a tribal court, although this was later reduced to 23 years on appeal. Dr Afridi was also accused of offering emergency medical aid to its fighters and allowing the group to hold meetings in the government hospital he headed. His family have vehemently denied these charges and his lawyers say the only money he ever paid the group was a ransom of 1m Pakistani rupees (£5,200; $6,375) to secure his release after they kidnapped him in 2008. From his jail cell in 2012 he reportedly told Fox News that he had been kidnapped and tortured by Pakistani intelligence. A year later he managed to smuggle a hand-written letter to his lawyers, saying he'd been denied justice. So, why wasn't he charged with helping the US? That's not very clear, but the Bin Laden affair was a huge blow for Pakistan. Although officials were furious with what they viewed as a violation of sovereignty, the intelligence services had to publicly admit they had no idea that the founder and leader of al-Qaeda had been living there in secret, in a three-storey building behind high walls, for several years. The White House's then-counter-terrorism chief, John Brennan, said at the time that it was "inconceivable that Bin Laden did not have a support system" in Pakistan, an accusation rejected by Islamabad. But to charge Dr Afridi for his role in the US operation would have meant even more bad publicity. Why is his case being heard in the courts only now? So far, the legal process has taken place under British-era Frontier Crimes Regulations, which governed the semi-autonomous Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fata) along the border with Afghanistan until last year. Tribal courts were presided over by administrative officials, aided by a council of largely pliable tribal elders, and were not bound to follow due process. That was seen as a convenient way of dealing with Dr Afridi, largely out of public sight. But the merger of the tribal areas with adjoining Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province last year means cases have been moved to regular Pakistani courts. At the next hearing he could have his sentence cut or it could be increased, as prosecutors will argue. Since he was moved last year from a Peshawar jail to one in Punjab, there's even been talk that he could be released, possibly in a prisoner swap with Aafia Siddiqui, an alleged al-Qaeda operative currently jailed in the US. | পাকিস্তানের একজন ডাক্তার, যিনি আল কায়েদা নেতা ওসামা বিন লাদেনকে খুঁজে বের করতে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রকে সাহায্য করেছিলেন, তার কারাদণ্ডের আদেশের বিরুদ্ধে আপিল করেছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Heather ChenBBC News, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Judge Nenney Shushaidah presides over five trials a day and can hear up to 80 cases a week. Malaysia practises a moderate form of Islam but conservative attitudes have been on the rise and the use of Sharia is growing as well. Under a dual-track legal system, thousands of Muslims use it to settle moral and family matters. Non-Muslims are required to follow secular laws that deal with the same matters. She passes judgment on everything from financial cases to those involving the Sharia concept of Khalwat [unmarried Muslim couples being caught in compromising situations]. But her expertise lies in child custody and cases of polygamy - the Muslim concept of allowing men to marry up to four wives, which is legal in Malaysia. Judge Shushaidah says there are many factors she considers before, for example, allowing a polygamous union. "Every case is complex and different," she explained. "You can't generalise Islamic law and say it favours men and treats women badly... I want to correct that misconception." All those involved in a proposed polygamous marriage are required to be physically present in Judge Shushaidah's court. "I want to hear from everyone, not just [the] men," she said. "I make it a point to speak with women to find out if they are on board with the arrangement. It is important that they agree to it because if I see any signs that say otherwise then I won't grant permission." "I am female and I can understand most women would not like the idea. But it is allowed under Islam, and our Malaysian courts have enacted strict laws to govern this." "A man has to have very strong reasons for wanting another marriage," she said. "He must show he can look after the welfare of his first wife as well as the women who come after. He is not allowed to neglect the needs of anyone." Judge Shushaidah added that some wives can be supportive of the idea. She recalls, for example, a case which involved a seriously ill woman who could no longer bear children. "She loved her husband and wanted me to grant him permission to marry a second wife. So I did." What is Sharia? Background on Sharia law (BBC religion) How is Sharia law applied? She defends her religion's reputation for strict laws by arguing that it is capable of fairness. But critics and rights groups argue Sharia is often misused. "We have no objection to Sharia law that doesn't discriminate against women, gay people or social and religious minorities," Asia deputy director of Human Rights Watch Phil Robertson told BBC 100 Women. "But the problem with Sharia law in Malaysia is that too often it does precisely that. "Religion is never an acceptable reason to violate international human rights standards of equality and non-discrimination." For example rights activists were outraged by the recent caning of two Malaysian women convicted of attempting to have lesbian sex, and say Sharia law was misused in this case. Judge Shushaidah would not address the case, but said: "Caning under Sharia law serves to educate offenders so as not to repeat the act again." Judge Shushaidah also argues that Sharia does not always rule in favour of men. "Our law exists to protect women's rights. It looks at their welfare and safeguards their livelihoods," she said. "Islam holds women in high regard and as judges, we must return to its teachings and maintain worthiness using Sharia." Her greatest concern lies with Muslim men bypassing strict Sharia court procedures by marrying overseas. "He wouldn't be bound by Malaysian law if he marries abroad. Some wives actually consent to this to protect their husbands but they don't realise how it works against them," she said. "Our Sharia laws are in place to protect the interests of women and hold men accountable." Women's groups like Sisters in Islam highlighted a "severe shortage of female representation" in the courts and a "strong sense of patriarchy" in the overall system. "The Sharia legal context in Malaysia not only selectively discriminates against women, it vilifies them as the cause of social immoralities," said spokeswoman Majidah Hashim. "State Islamic institutions... have done little to ensure women are accorded due justice. In fact, the recent prosecution of women under Sharia law clearly shows that their voices are alarmingly silenced and access to justice is worryingly stifled." This makes Judge Shushaidah's appointment a particularly significant one. "Back in my day, most Sharia judges were men who questioned the need for women in the practice," said Judge Shushaidah. "I never dreamed of becoming a judge," she admitted. "As a lawyer, I didn't know if I could take on such a senior role that dealt with complicated cases. And as a woman, I felt doubt and fear." "Sometimes I do feel uneasy. As a woman, I must feel, and I'd be lying if I said I felt nothing. But I am a judge and I have to make sure I am always clear and objective. So in my judgment, I try and address this. I make do with the best evidence I get in court." What is 100 Women? BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year and shares their stories. It's been a momentous year for women's rights around the globe, so in 2018 BBC 100 Women will reflect the trailblazing women who are using passion, indignation and anger to spark real change in the world around them. 'I don't want to be the UK's only black female history professor' 'Ditch the witch': Julia Gillard shocked by 'vile' abuse Women shouldn't have to feel 'grateful' for opportunities Find us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and use #100Women | ইসলামী আইন বা শরিয়া আইন অনেকসময় দোষীকে অতি কঠোর শাস্তি প্রদান করে থাকে বলে সমালোচনা করা হয়ে থাকে। কিন্তু মুসলিম অধ্যুষিত মালয়েশিয়ার শরিয়া আইন অনুযায়ী পরিচালিত হওয়া উচ্চ আদালতের একজন নারী বিচারক মনে করেন, তিনি নিজের পদমর্যাদা বলে তিনি মুসলিম নারীদের অধিকার রক্ষায় গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা রাখতে পারেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The lawsuit, filed this week by the state of Texas, sought to invalidate results in Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. President-elect Joe Biden won all four. The lawsuit was supported by 18 state attorneys general and 106 Republican members of Congress. But in a brief order rejecting the bid, the Supreme Court ruled on Friday that Texas did not have legal standing to bring the case. The ruling represents a setback for Mr Trump, who has previously suggested without evidence that the result of November's presidential election would be settled in the Supreme Court. The court rejected a separate legal challenge against Mr Biden's victory in Pennsylvania earlier this week, dismissing it in a one-sentence ruling. Mr Trump has made repeated unsubstantiated assertions that "illegal votes" cost him a second presidential term. Since the election, Mr Trump and his supporters have launched dozens of lawsuits questioning the results of the election. None have come close to overturning Mr Biden's victory. The Democratic candidate defeated Mr Trump by a margin of 306 to 232 votes in the US electoral college, which chooses the US president. Mr Biden won seven million more votes than the president nationwide. The electoral college is expected to meet on Monday to formally elect Mr Biden as the 46th president of the US. A legal challenge for the history books The Supreme Court, as expected by most legal experts, wanted nothing to do with Texas's challenge to the results of the 2020 presidential election. The ruling was slightly longer than the one-sentence "motion denied" response in a Pennsylvania case earlier this week. Two of the nine Supreme Court justices, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas, said they wouldn't have dismissed the lawsuit outright. But even they would not express a view on whether Texas's attempt to throw out millions of votes and effectively hand the presidency to Mr Trump had merit. The decision paves the way for the members of the electoral college to meet in state capitals across the US on Monday. At that point, the door to Mr Trump's legal challenges to the election will slam closed. And while his supporters may try a last-ditch effort to block Mr Biden's victory in Congress in January, those political manoeuvres are destined to fail. Democrats will make sure of that. The implications of this challenge, however, are unlikely to quickly fade away. Eighteen states and more than 100 Republicans in Congress endorsed discarding the results of the election and putting the White House in the hands of state legislatures. That is something Democrats - and the history books - won't soon forget. What was the Texas legal challenge about? The lawsuit was filed on Tuesday by the Republican Attorney-General of Texas, Ken Paxton - an ally of Mr Trump. It was supported by the president, who on Wednesday filed a motion to intervene and become a plaintiff in the case. The lawsuit sought to discard the presidential election results in Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Georgia, four crucial states won by Mr Biden. Texas alleged that the results in those states were unlawful because of changes to voting procedures to help Americans cast their ballots during the coronavirus pandemic. Mr Paxton's lawsuit asked the Supreme Court to allow the legislatures of those states - which are all controlled by Republicans - to determine who should get their electoral college votes. But on Thursday, the four states in a filing asked the justices to reject the lawsuit, which they said had no legal grounds. The Supreme Court agreed. "Texas has not demonstrated a judicially cognisable interest in the manner in which another state conducts its elections," the court said in its ruling. Before the ruling, legal experts were sceptical of the lawsuit's chances of success. But just hours before the ruling, Mr Trump appeared optimistic, urging the Supreme Court to show "great Wisdom and Courage". The court failed to do so, Mr Trump later wrote in a tweet bemoaning the verdict. What reaction has there been to the ruling? "There's no way to say it other than they dodged," said White House spokeswoman Kayleigh McEnany, referring to the judges. "They dodged, they hid behind procedure, and they refused to use their authority to enforce the constitution." A spokesman for Mr Biden said it was "no surprise" the Supreme Court rejected "baseless attempts" to deny Mr Trump lost the election. "Our nation's highest court saw through this seditious abuse of our electoral process," Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro, a Democrat, said on Twitter. Dana Nessel, Michigan's Democratic attorney general, said the ruling was "an important reminder that we are a nation of laws, and though some may bend to the desire of a single individual, the courts will not". The tone was gloomier among Republicans. The chairman of the Republican Party in Texas, Allen West, said the court's decision would have "far-reaching ramifications for the future of our constitutional republic". "Perhaps law-abiding states should bond together and form a Union of states that will abide by the constitution," he said in a statement. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের চারটি স্টেটের নির্বাচনের ফলাফল বাতিল করার জন্য প্রেসিডেন্ট ট্রাম্পের সমর্থনে করা মামলা খারিজ করে দিয়েছে দেশটির সুপ্রিম কোর্ট। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | "We will both try to make it a very special moment for World Peace!" the US leader tweeted. In March, Mr Trump stunned the world by accepting an invitation to meet Mr Kim for an unprecedented sit-down. The pair had previously exchanged insults and threats. The breakthrough came after landmark talks between North and South Korea. Mr Trump's announcement came hours after he welcomed home three US detainees released by North Korea. Their release came during a visit to Pyongyang by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to arrange details of the meeting between Mr Trump and Mr Kim. No sitting US president has ever met a North Korean leader. The White House said the American trio were freed as a gesture of goodwill ahead of the summit, which Mr Trump earlier said he thought would be a "big success". "I really think we have a very good chance of doing something very meaningful," he said. The big question at the centre of the talks The key issue expected to be discussed is North Korea's nuclear weapons programme - over which Mr Trump and Mr Kim furiously sparred in 2017. The communist North has carried out six nuclear tests since 2006, despite international condemnation and sanctions, saying it needs the weapons for its own security. The US wants Pyongyang to give up its weapons programme completely and irreversibly. Ahead of the meeting, Mr Kim has pledged to stop nuclear tests and intercontinental ballistic missile launches, and also to shut down a nuclear test site. But analysts caution that Mr Kim is unlikely to easily abandon nuclear weapons that he has pushed so hard to obtain, and that "denuclearisation" means something quite different to both sides. There has been no word from Pyongyang on what it might specifically offer at the summit, but key issues for the North will be the presence of 30,000 US military personnel in South Korea, and the lifting of sanctions that are choking the economy. At a summit in April, Kim Jong-un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in vowed to work to rid the peninsula of nuclear weapons, although the means of achieving this were not detailed and previous such pledges have been abandoned. Still, the dramatic meeting - which saw a North Korean leader setting foot on South Korean soil for the first time since the end of the 1953 Korean War - marked a historic breakthrough between the two countries. Why Singapore? Singapore, a small and highly prosperous island nation, has been used before for high-profile diplomatic occasions. In 2015, the leaders of China and Taiwan held historic talks in the South East Asian city-state, their first in more than 60 years. It had been seen by top US officials as a good, neutral choice for the Trump-Kim talks. The US and Singapore have a close relationship. Singapore has diplomatic ties with North Korea but suspended all trade with the country in November last year as international sanctions were tightened. Other locations which had been considered for the Trump-Kim summit included Mongolia and the Korean border's demilitarised zone (DMZ). | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন, উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং আনের সাথে তার শীর্ষ বৈঠকটি হবে সিঙ্গাপুরে - জুন মাসের ১২ তারিখে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Vikas PandeyBBC News, Delhi LGBT groups in cities across the country have been celebrating the ruling as the "beginning of a new era". But the reality for members of the LGBT community in rural India is different. They believe it will take a long time to change regressive attitudes towards them. Here three gay people from rural India tell their stories. Arun Kumar, 28, northern state of Uttar Pradesh I am really happy with the court's decision. It will help people in cities express themselves without fearing the law. But sadly, it's different for people like me who live in villages. It's not the law that we fear - what troubles us is people's perception. I hope that the media's coverage of the verdict will help people understand that homosexuality is normal. But LGBT people have a long battle ahead of them before they can live without fear. I have lived my whole life in fear and this may not change in the near future. I was 14 when I realised I was attracted to boys. I was initially confused. I tried not to think about it. But the feeling kept troubling me, so I decided to talk to a friend about it. His reaction shocked me. He told me it was disgusting to even think about homosexuality. He started to avoid me and, soon, we barely spoke to each other. For years after that, I never spoke about my sexuality. When I felt sad, I would go to the fields and talk to trees and plants. I didn't feel judged and they became my friends. I still talk to them. I was 18 when I moved to a nearby town to go to college. But things didn't change. I was depressed and the world didn't make sense to me. I always felt guilty but I didn't understand why. I wasn't doing anything bad. I eventually mustered enough courage to tell a teacher, who seemed friendly. But that was a mistake. The teacher called my parents and they took me back home. My father was furious. He thought it was a disease that could be cured. He took me to quacks and shamans. They gave me all sorts of concoctions - one of them said I should be locked up in a room for a week. And my father did that. I still live in my village but I have been offered a job in a big city. Hopefully, things will change. I want a partner. I want to love and be loved. Kiran Yadav, 30, eastern state of Bihar I didn't know anything about section 377 until Thursday. I didn't even know that being homosexual was criminal. I just knew that in rural Bihar, where I come from, I would never be allowed to live as a lesbian woman. I am happy with the ruling, but it doesn't help me. I can only hope that it starts a conversation that reaches rural India. I was 15 when I realised I was a lesbian. Since I was a little girl, I never liked girly clothes. I liked to wear trousers and a shirt - like the boys in my village. My parents didn't object. I didn't have a brother, so they thought of me as a son and didn't mind if I dressed up as one. But they did not know about my sexual orientation. To be honest, I didn't know much either. I knew that I was attracted to girls but I also knew that it was not right. So I never told my parents. They still don't know. Nobody close to me knows. During weddings, I often find women attractive but I have never had the courage to speak to them. When I turned 20, I had to find a way to express myself. I couldn't discuss these feelings with anyone in the village. But mobile phones came to my rescue. I would dial random numbers and tell strangers my story - anyone at all who cared to listen. When one girl I called told me that she liked my voice, I was elated. It was the first time I had got a compliment from a girl. These were fleeting moments of happiness. Deep down, I was sad. I tried to kill myself when I was 24. My parents thought that I was depressed because I wasn't married. They got me married a few weeks later but it was doomed. Within a year, I was divorced. By this time, I had no will to live. Every day was difficult. I have lived 30 years of my life without meeting a partner. Now I just want a job to survive. I have no hope of meeting a partner because I can never openly talk about being a lesbian. Rahul Singh, 32, Bihar I welcome the ruling. But section 377 has never been a problem for me. In my village, the police have never harassed anybody because of it. It's society that troubles us. I knew I was gay when I turned 16. Two years later, I got married. I just couldn't tell my parents or my wife and pretended to be normal. I have two sons now. But I deeply regret not telling my wife. She now knows that I am gay but continues to live with me for the children's sake. It's hard to find partners. Unlike big cities, there are no gay clubs here. I know a few gay people but they all live in fear of being ostracised if they were to come out. People believe that a gay person doesn't have the right to be respected or loved. It's a difficult life. No matter how nice I am or how much I help people, once they find out I am gay, they run from me. Some people sympathise with us but they still think it's a disease that needs to treated. Nobody seems to understand why we feel the way we do. Living like this can break you. I am always looking over my shoulder. I keep thinking that somebody will walk up to me and slap me or do something nasty because I am gay. It's suffocating to be a gay person in rural India. I fear that my children will be bullied when they grow up. I have already moved once because of this fear. Sometimes, I want to give up but then I think of my children. When I look back, I wish I had the courage to tell my parents the truth. I wish I hadn't got married. I wish I had access to groups that would have counselled me. Names have been changed to protect identities. Illustrations by Puneet Kumar | ভারতে সমকামিতাকে বৈধতা দিয়ে সুপ্রিম কোর্টের সিদ্ধান্তকে মনে করা হচ্ছে ঐতিহাসিক। সেখানকার লেসবিয়ান ও সমকামী সংগঠনগুলো এই রায়ের পর উল্লাসে মেতে ওঠে। তারা একে মনে করছেন, "নতুন অধ্যায়ের সূচনা" হিসেবে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Lucy RodgersBBC News But, while cement - the key ingredient in concrete - has shaped much of our built environment, it also has a massive carbon footprint. Cement is the source of about 8% of the world's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, according to think tank Chatham House. If the cement industry were a country, it would be the third largest emitter in the world - behind China and the US. It contributes more CO2 than aviation fuel (2.5%) and is not far behind the global agriculture business (12%). Cement industry leaders were in Poland for the UN's climate change conference - COP24 - to discuss ways of meeting the requirements of the Paris Agreement on climate change. To do this, annual emissions from cement will need to fall by at least 16% by 2030. So, how did our love of concrete end up endangering the planet? And what can we do about it? In praise of concrete As the key building material of most tower blocks, car parks, bridges and dams, concrete has, for the haters, enabled the construction of some of the world's worst architectural eyesores. In the UK, it helped the massive wave of post-World War Two development - much of it still dividing opinion - with several of the country's major cities, such as Birmingham, Coventry, Hull and Portsmouth, largely defined by the concrete structures from that building push. But concrete is also the reason some of the world's most impressive buildings exist. Sydney Opera House, the Lotus Temple in Delhi, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai as well as the magnificent Pantheon in Rome - boasting the largest unsupported concrete dome in the world - all owe their form to the material. A mix of sand and gravel, a cement binder and water, concrete is so widely embraced by architects, structural engineers, developers and builders because it is a remarkably good construction material. "It's affordable, you can produce it almost anywhere and it has all the right structural qualities that you want to build with for a durable building or for infrastructure," explains Felix Preston, deputy research director at the Energy, Environment and Resources Department at Chatham House. Despite known durability problems with using steel reinforcement, which can crack concrete from the inside, it is still the go-to material across the world. "Building without concrete, although it is possible, is challenging," says Mr Preston. Growth of cement industry It is these unrivalled attributes of concrete that have helped boost global cement production since the 1950s, with Asia and China accounting for the bulk of growth from the 1990s onwards. Production has increased more than thirtyfold since 1950 and almost fourfold since 1990. China used more cement between 2011 and 2013 than the US did in the entire 20th Century. But with Chinese consumption now appearing to level off, most future growth in construction is expected to happen in the emerging markets of South East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa - driven by rapid urbanisation and economic development. The floor area of the world's buildings is projected to double in the next 40 years, say Chatham House researchers, requiring cement production to increase by a quarter by 2030. Concrete has a long history While many of us assume concrete is a recent addition to our cities, architects, and builders have actually been using cement-like binders for millennia. The earliest use is believed to have been more than 8,000 years ago, with traders in Syria and Jordan using such binders to create floors, buildings and underground cisterns. Later, the Romans were known to be masters of cement and concrete, building the Pantheon in Rome in 113-125AD, with its 43m-diameter free-standing concrete dome the largest in the world. But the concrete used in our modern-built environment owes much of its make-up to a process patented in the early 19th Century by bricklayer Joseph Aspdin of Leeds. His new technique of roasting limestone and clay in an oven and then grinding it to a powder to make "artificial stone" is now known as Portland cement - still the key ingredient in almost all modern concrete. But, despite its ubiquitous presence, concrete's environmental credentials have come under increased scrutiny in the last couple of decades. Not only does the production of Portland cement involve quarrying - causing airborne pollution in the form of dust - it also requires the use of massive kilns, which require large amounts of energy. The actual chemical process of making cement also emits staggeringly high levels of CO2. 'Action needed' The sector has made progress - improvements in the energy-efficiency of new plants and burning waste materials instead of fossil fuels has seen the average CO2 emissions per tonne of output fall by 18% over the last few decades, according to Chatham House. The newly-established Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA), currently representing about 35% of the world's cement production capacity and with a focus on sustainable development, was at COP24. Chief executive Benjamin Sporton says the fact the organisation now exists "is a demonstration of the commitment of the industry to sustainability, including taking action on climate change". The GCCA is due to publish a set of sustainability guidelines, which its membership will have to follow. "By bringing together global players to provide leadership and focus, as well as delivering a detailed work programme, we can help ensure a sustainable future for cement and concrete, and for the needs of future generations," Mr Sporton says. But despite the promise, Chatham House argues that the industry is reaching the limits of what it can do with current measures. If the sector has any hope of meeting its commitments to the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, it will need to look at overhauling the cement-making process itself, not only reducing the use of fossil fuels. 'Clinker' - the big polluter It is the process of making "clinker" - the key constituent of cement - that emits the largest amount of CO2 in cement-making. In 2016, world cement production generated around 2.2 billion tonnes of CO2 - equivalent to 8% of the global total. More than half of that came from the calcination process. Together with thermal combustion, 90% of the sector's emissions could be attributed to the production of clinker. Because of this, Mr Preston and his colleagues argue the sector urgently needs to pursue a number of CO2 reduction strategies. Further efforts on energy efficiency, a move away from fossil fuels and pursuing carbon capture and storage will help, but can only do so much. "We've got a long way to close the gap," Mr Preston says. What the industry really needs to do is plough efforts into producing new types of cement, he argues. In fact, low-carbon cements and "novel cements" might do away with the need for clinker altogether. New cements One of those trying to drum up greater support for such alternative cements is Ginger Krieg Dosier, co-founder and CEO of BioMason - a start-up in North Carolina that uses trillions of bacteria to grow bio-concrete bricks. The technique, which involves placing sand in moulds and injecting it with microorganisms, initiates a process similar to the one that creates coral. "I have a long fascination with marine cements and structures," explains Ms Krieg Dosier, a trained architect who was surprised to find no real green alternatives to bricks and masonry when she began research at an architectural firm more than 10 years ago. The discovery led her to create her own solution, which, after years of development, now takes only four days. It happens at room temperature, without the need for fossil fuels or calcination - two of the main sources of the cement industry's CO2 emissions. Ms Krieg Dosier believes green cements and technologies such as hers offer a solution to the sector's emissions issue. "Traditional Portland-based cement production practices will continue to release CO2 due to its fundamental chemistry," she says, adding that rather than turning to carbon capture and storage, we should be investing more in techniques that actively remove carbon from the atmosphere. "Alternative cements and binding technologies go beyond evolutionary CO2 capture to revolutionary methods that fundamentally sequester CO2." 'Disruptive forces' Alongside such alternative cements, other "disruptive" forces are also beginning to drive change. Digitalisation, machine learning and an increasing awareness of sustainability are all having an impact on the cement industry's culture. "It's partly changing because of how people want to live, but also because of our ability to dream up new and innovative structures and test those with computer models," says Mr Preston. "There's also the ability to build things more cheaply with robots - with automation." But changing processes quickly enough to meet the cement industry's obligations will be a challenge. The sector is dominated by a small number of major producers who are reluctant to experiment or change business models. Architects, engineers, contractors and clients are also, rather understandably, cautious about using new building materials. "This quite slow-moving, difficult-to-change sector is starting to bump against these quite profound disruptions that we're starting to see in the built environment," says Mr Preston. But, with very few low-carbon cements reaching commercialisation, and none being applied at scale in an industry where bigger and taller is often the ambition, it looks likely that sustained government support will be needed. Without governments applying pressure on the industry or providing funding, it may not be possible to get the next generation of low-carbon cements out of the laboratory and into the market within the required timescale. And the timescale is ever-shrinking. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - the leading international body on global warming - last month argued the global average temperature rise needed to be kept below 1.5C - not 2C as noted in the Paris Agreement. This means CO2 emissions need to decline by 45% from 2010 levels by 2030. Like other young companies, Ms Krieg Dosier describes the difficulties of simultaneously developing and marketing her products and scaling up manufacturing processes to compete within the wider construction industry. But she thinks there are reasons to be optimistic. "I do believe the construction industry is approaching a point where alternative materials will be more widely adopted," she says. "This is in part due to market demand, other innovative technologies and wider concern for climate change." The cement industry, too, points to more optimistic assessments of the industry's progress on emissions and suggests that, across its lifetime, concrete could make a net climate benefit when all possible action is taken into account. This includes re-carbonation (or the re-absorption of CO2 by cement), concrete's contribution to the energy efficiency of buildings, and innovation in the way cement is manufactured - including carbon capture and storage. The GCCA says such innovation is its key priority in the months and years ahead. Projects are already underway and showing promise, it added. But Mr Preston says it is imperative that governments and industry now act quickly at a time when global development is expected to rise but CO2 emissions need to fall. "There's a desperate need for quality, affordable homes," he says. "There's a need for new infrastructure. We can only square this circle if we can dramatically improve the way that we build, so that overall these buildings are constructed with, as close as possible, net zero emissions." Design by Lilly Huynh. | মানুষের তৈরি যেসব সামগ্রী সবচেয়ে বেশি ব্যবহৃত হয় তার একটি সিমেন্ট। পানির পরেই এই জিনিসটি ব্যবহৃত হয় সবচেয়ে বেশি। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Could it contain the remains of ancient Macedonian leader Alexander the Great, or (less appealingly) a deadly curse? According to experts who have now unsealed it, it's a no to both. Instead, it revealed three skeletons and red-brown sewage water, which gave off an unbearable stench. Egypt's Ministry of Antiquities had appointed a committee of archaeologists to open the relic, which was unearthed at a construction site. According to Egyptian news outlet El-Watan, they initially lifted the lid of the tomb by just 5cm (2 inches) before the pungent smell forced them from the inspection scene entirely. They later prised it open with help from Egyptian military engineers. "We found the bones of three people, in what looks like a family burial... Unfortunately the mummies inside were not in the best condition and only the bones remain," said Mostafa Waziri, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. Addressing media fears that disturbing the tomb could trigger an implacable Pharaoh's curse, Mr Waziri declared: "We've opened it and, thank God, the world has not fallen into darkness. "I was the first to put my whole head inside the sarcophagus... and here I stand before you ... I am fine." Despite that, the site has now been cleared of people amid fears the sarcophagus could release lethal toxic fumes, Egypt's state-owned newspaper Al-Ahram says. Are mummies' tombs dangerous? Scientists have debunked the infamous "Mummy's Curse", but are there other threats in ancient tombs? Lord Carnarvon, financial backer of the excavation of Tutankhamun's burial site, died from an infected mosquito bite shortly after they opened the chamber in 1923. Since then, rumours have swirled that mould or bacteria survived in the sealed area and caused or contributed to his fate. But F DeWolfe Miller, professor of epidemiology at the University of Hawaii, told National Geographic that there's no real danger. "We don't know of even a single case of either an archaeologist or a tourist experiencing any negative consequences [from bacteria or tomb moulds]," he told the magazine. Experts have said the three individuals in the Alexandria sarcophagus may have been soldiers in the time of the Pharaohs. The skull of one is said to show cracks which point to an arrow injury. An alabaster bust, its features weathered beyond recognition, was also found with the tomb. The structure is almost two metres (6.5ft) high and three metres long, and is the largest of its kind ever found intact. It weighs in at 27 tonnes (59,500lb), and is believed to date from the early Ptolemaic period, which began in 323 BC after the death of Alexander the Great. Archaeologists will now study the sarcophagus in depth to pinpoint when its occupants lived, and how they died. | সপ্তাহ তিনেক আগে মিশরের প্রত্নতত্ত্ববিদরা আলেকজান্দ্রিয়া থেকে কালো গ্রানাইটের তৈরি বিশালাকৃতির একটি শবাধার উদ্ধার করেছে। ধারণা করা হচ্ছে, এই শবাধারটি প্রায় দু'হাজার বছরের পুরনো এবং এটি কেউ কখনো খুলেও দেখেনি। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Jonathan AmosScience correspondent@BBCAmoson Twitter It's the second successful technology demonstration on the mission, which flew a mini-helicopter on Monday. The oxygen generation was performed by a toaster-sized unit in the rover called Moxie - the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment. It made 5 grams of the gas - equivalent to what an astronaut at Mars would need to breathe for roughly 10 minutes. Nasa's thinking is that future human missions would take scaled-up versions of Moxie with them to the Red Planet rather than try to carry from Earth all the oxygen needed to sustain them. Oxygen (O₂) is also an integral part of the chemistry that propels a rocket. Thrust is achieved by burning a fuel in the presence of an oxidiser, which could be simple oxygen. Mars' atmosphere is dominated by carbon dioxide (CO₂) at a concentration of 96%. Oxygen is only 0.13%, compared with 21% in Earth's atmosphere. Moxie is able to strip oxygen atoms from CO₂ molecules, which are made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. The waste product is carbon monoxide, which is vented to the Martian atmosphere. The Nasa team behind Moxie is running the unit in different modes to discover how well it works. The expectation is that it can produce up to 10 grams of O₂ per hour. “Moxie isn’t just the first instrument to produce oxygen on another world, it’s the first technology of its kind that will help future missions 'live off the land', using elements of another world’s environment, also known as in-situ resource utilisation,” said Trudy Kortes, director of technology demonstrations within Nasa’s Space Technology Mission Directorate. "It’s taking regolith, the substance you find on the ground, and putting it through a processing plant, making it into a large structure, or taking carbon dioxide – the bulk of the atmosphere – and converting it into oxygen. This process allows us to convert these abundant materials into useable things: propellant, breathable air, or, combined with hydrogen, water." Nasa will attempt to fly its Ingenuity helicopter again on Thursday. The mini-chopper made history this week by performing the first powered, controlled flight by an aircraft on another world. For its second sortie, the drone will raise itself to 5m above the ground, move sideways by 2m, swivel and take some pictures, before reversing back to the take-off spot to land. | নাসা মঙ্গলগ্রহে পারসিভেয়ারেন্স রোভার বলে যে মহাকাশযান পাঠিয়েছে, সেটির একটি ছোট্ট যন্ত্র মঙ্গলের কার্বন ডাই অক্সাইড ব্যবহার করে তা থেকে অক্সিজেন তৈরি করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Fidel Ángel Castro Díaz-Balart was found on Thursday morning and is said to have suffered from depression. The first-born son of the late president was nicknamed "Fidelito", or Little Fidel, after his father. He was a nuclear physicist, trained by the former Soviet Union. "Fidel Castro Díaz-Balart, who had been treated by a group of doctors for several months due to deep depression, took his life this morning," Cuba's official newspaper Granma reported - little more than a year after the death of his father. State television said he had been receiving medical treatment as an outpatient in recent months, following a hospital stay. Depression in the spotlight - Will Grant, BBC News, Havana Fidel Ángel Castro Díaz-Balart had taken his own life after suffering with deep depression which doctors had been treating him for over several months, state TV said. As much as the death itself may shock ordinary Cubans, it was those unexpected circumstances which caught them by surprise. As the personal lives of members of the Castro family are generally kept away from the public eye, almost no-one will have known he suffered mental health issues prior to the announcement of his death. Did Fidel Castro's name kill his son? At the time of his death, he was a scientific adviser for the Cuban Council of State and he served as vice president of Cuba's Academy of Sciences. He headed the island's nuclear programme from 1980 to 1992, before it was suspended after the Soviet Union's collapse. He was married to María Victoria Barreiro and had three children from his previous marriage - Fidel Antonio Castro Smirnov, Mirta María Castro Smirnova and José Raúl Castro Smirnov. Fidel Castro Díaz-Balart was born in 1949, during his father's brief first marriage to Mirta Díaz-Balart, the daughter of a prominent pre-revolution politician. His father went on to overthrow the US-backed dictator, Fulgencio Batista, in 1959 - when his mother's family fled the island and went to Florida. His parents divorced and "Fidelito" spent some of his early years in the US before his father managed to bring him back to Cuba. This history explains why some of his close maternal relatives are among the most committed critics of the Cuban government - such as his cousin, Mario Díaz-Balart, a US congressman. Fidelito himself was loyal to the ideals of the Cuban revolution, but was said in recent years to have grown weary - both of living in his father's shadow and having been sidelined from Cuban decision-making on energy resources, said reports. His ideas for developing renewable energy on the island were not incorporated into state policy, an academic colleague, Jonathan Benjamin-Alvarado, told Reuters. "I imagine that was disappointing for him," Mr Benjamin-Alvarado said. The TV announcement said his funeral would be planned by his family, but no further details were given. His father, Fidel Castro, a revolutionary figure and one of the world's longest serving political leaders, died aged 90 in 2016. | কিউবার বিপ্লবের নেতা ফিদেল ক্যাস্ত্রোর ৬৮ বছর বয়স্ক ছেলে রাজধানী হাভানায় আত্মহত্যা করেছেন বলে দেশটির রাষ্ট্রীয় গণমাধ্যমে খবর দেয়া হচ্ছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Samples containing the "double mutant"- or B.1.617 variant - have been found in several states with high case numbers. An official with the National Centre for Disease Control said, however, that they had still been unable to fully establish a correlation. A double mutant is when two mutations come together in the same virus. Meanwhile, India reported a record 412,000 cases in the space of 24 hours on Wednesday, and 3,980 deaths. The government's top scientific adviser also warned a third wave is inevitable. Speaking at a health ministry news briefing, K VijayRaghavan admitted that experts had not anticipated the "ferocity" of the surge in cases. "Phase three is inevitable, given the high levels of circulating virus," he added during a news briefing. "But it is not clear on what timescale this phase three will occur... We should prepare for new waves." The current surge of the virus has already overwhelmed the healthcare system with hospital beds, oxygen and even crematorium space in short supply. Several states are under localised lockdowns and curfews, but the government is reluctant to impose a national lockdown, for fear of the impact on the economy. Where has the 'double mutant' variant been found? Out of roughly 13,000 samples sequenced, more than 3,500 were found to be variants of concern - including B.1.617 - across eight states. The B.1.617 variant was reported in several states reporting surges including Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal, Gujarat and Chhattisgarh. For more than a month, Delhi insisted that the variant had no link to the current surge. Virologist Dr Shahid Jameel told the BBC's Vikas Pandey earlier that India started seriously looking at mutations fairly late, with sequencing efforts only "properly started" in mid-February 2021. India is sequencing just over 1% of all samples at the moment. "In comparison, the UK was sequencing at 5-6% at the peak of the pandemic. But you can't build such capacity overnight," he said. And although the central government now says there is a correlation, it added the link is not "fully established". "Its epidemiological and clinical correlation is not fully established… without the correlation, we cannot establish direct linkage to any surge. However, we have advised states to strengthen public health response - increase testing, quick isolation, prevent crowds, vaccination," Sujeet Singh, National Centre for Disease Control said. Where are we with case numbers? A number of states reported their highest fatalities in a single day on Wednesday - including the northern states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab and Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in the south. The western state of Maharashtra, which has had the highest caseload throughout the pandemic, reported 920 deaths. However, experts say the tally could be far higher due to reduced testing, and under-reporting of deaths. In a weekly report, the World Heath Organization said that India accounted for nearly half the coronavirus cases reported worldwide last week, and a quarter of deaths. An Indian delegation that travelled to the G7 Foreign Ministers' meeting in London this week, is self-isolating after two of its members tested positive for Covid-19. India's foreign minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar travelled with the delegation to London, and says he will attend the rest of the summit virtually. What about vaccines? India has been unable to meet an ambitious vaccination programme - it initially wanted to vaccinate 300 million people by July - and there's been a dramatic drop in jabs because of a shortage of doses. Just 26 million people out of a population of 1.4 billion have received both shots, and about 129 million have only received a single dose. Vaccine stocks in the country have nearly dried up, with the latest age bracket to become eligible - adults under the age of 45 - struggling to register and secure appointments. Experts say lockdowns and vaccinations are the only way out, but that the government would need to act now in order to break the chain. | ভারত জানিয়েছে গত মার্চ মাসে করোনাভাইরাসের যে 'ডাবল মিউট্যান্ট ভ্যারিয়ান্ট'-এর অস্তিত্ব পাওয়া গিয়েছিল, সেটির কারণেই দেশটিতে ভাইরাসটির সংক্রমণের দ্বিতীয় ঢেউ অনেক বেশি প্রাণঘাতী হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | He called for China to be held "accountable" for the pandemic. In his speech, Chinese President Xi Jinping said his country had "no intention to enter a Cold War with any country". Ties between the two world powers are strained on a number of fronts. This year's summit at New York is largely being held virtually, with world leaders providing pre-recorded speeches. The new format meant some of the geopolitical theatre normally on offer at the key UN meeting was absent. Each country was represented by a single delegate and there was little opportunity for one nation to rebut another. But as often is the case for speeches to the assembly, President Trump used his address to tout his achievements and tear into a rival. China 'infected the world' - Trump "We must hold accountable the nation which unleashed this plague on to the world - China," he said. "In the earliest days of the virus China locked down travel domestically, while allowing flights to leave China and infect the world. China condemned my travel ban on their country, even as they cancelled domestic flights and locked citizens in their homes," he added. President Trump, whose own record on coronavirus is under close scrutiny as the US heads towards elections, has frequently accused Beijing of covering up the virus, saying they could have stopped the disease spreading. China has called the attacks an unfounded distraction. The US death toll for coronavirus, at more than 200,000, is the highest in the world and President Trump has often downplayed the disease. Tensions are high between the US and China on a number of other issues, including trade, technology, Hong Kong and China's treatment of Muslim minorities in Xinjiang province. Speaking soon after the US leader, President Xi warned of the risks of a "clash of civilisations". "We will continue to narrow differences and resolve disputes with others through dialogue and negotiation. We will not seek to develop only ourselves or engage in zero sum game," he said. In remarks released ahead of Tuesday's speech, President Xi took a more overt swipe at the US, saying "no country has the right to dominate global affairs, control the destiny of others, or keep advantages in development all to itself", something China itself has been accused of by critics. Also in his speech, President Xi said China - the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases - aims to hit peak emissions in 2030 and be carbon neutral by 2060. Trump targets US voters By Laura Trevelyan, BBC News This was a stump speech by President Trump, who faces re-election in 40 days time. He had Beijing firmly in his sights - blaming what he and his followers call the China virus for taking countless lives. Mr Trump is trying to deflect attention from his own handling of the pandemic by heaping opprobrium on China, while emphasising US efforts to find a cure. We will end the pandemic, the president pledged, saying thanks to US efforts three vaccines are in the final stage of development. For good measure, Mr Trump lumped the UN's World Health Organization into his critique of China - saying the international body, which he's withdrawing US funding from, is virtually controlled by China, blaming it for spreading what he called misinformation about the virus. This was not a subtle speech. It was a clear attempt to shift blame as Americans are already voting in the presidential election. The assembly was opened by UN Secretary-General António Guterres, who, without naming China or the US warned "we must do everything to avoid a new Cold War". "We are moving in a very dangerous direction," he said. "Our world cannot afford a future where the two largest economies split the globe in a great fracture - each with its own trade and financial rules and internet and artificial intelligence capacities." He said there was no room for self-interest in the face of the coronavirus. "Populism and nationalism have failed," he said. "Those approaches to contain the virus have often made things manifestly worse." President Trump gave a very different vision in his speech, saying "only when you take care of your own citizens will you find a true basis for co-operation". In other speeches: | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বিশ্বে করোনাভাইরাস ছড়িয়ে পড়ার জন্য চীনকে দায়ী করে বক্তব্য দেয়ার পর জাতিসংঘের সাধারণ পরিষদের অধিবেশনে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র আর চীনের মধ্যে চলমান উত্তেজনা সামনে চলে এসেছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Amber HaqueBBC Victoria Derbyshire programme One woman chose to "suffer on [her] own" through chemotherapy for fear of her family's reaction, and questioned whether God was punishing her. Experts said others were seeking help too late, causing preventable deaths. In one case a woman sought treatment only when her breast was rotten. She later died as the cancer had spread. 'Very dark days' Pravina Patel, who told the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme about her own experience, stumbled upon a lump in her breast when she was 36. She grew up in a strict Indian community where even talking about the disease was considered shameful. When she was diagnosed, she decided to hide it. "I just thought if people hear the fact that I've got cancer, they're going to think it's a death sentence," she said. She remembered worrying that people would say she had lived a "bad life" and God was punishing her for it. Ms Patel continued to keep the disease a secret when seeking treatment, saying she felt "extremely lonely" during chemotherapy. "I was going through chemo sessions on my own... I had some very dark days," she explained. Pooja Saini, the lead researcher at CLAHRC North-West Coast, a research arm of the NHS that looks into health inequalities, said her own review into the issue "really surprised" her. "Some women went to the extent of not even having treatment because, if they went, people would know as they'd lose their hair," she explained. She added others "feared it might affect their children because no-one would want to marry them". It is difficult to say how widespread the problem was, because little information has been collected on ethnicity and mortality. But in 2014, research from Bridgewater NHS found Asian women between 15 and 64 years old had a significantly reduced survival rate for breast cancer of three years. Ms Saini said her research suggests the influence of men in the family and elders in the wider community may be contributing to the issue. "If they didn't think women should go for screening, then they didn't go," she said. Cultural expectations The stigma surrounding cancer in South Asian communities spans different forms of the disease. Ms Patel said there was a reluctance for women to go for a smear test because they did not want to be "defiled" or be considered "no longer pure". She has now completed her chemotherapy and is in remission. Ms Patel and her husband got divorced during her treatment - something she says was partly because of cultural expectations about how a wife should be. Some experts are concerned that women are suffering unnecessarily. South Asian women are more likely to be from poor, deprived backgrounds, meaning their levels of awareness of cancer are likely to be lower. National screening statistics show people from ethnic minority communities do not go for screening as much as their white counterparts. Madhu Agarwal, a cancer support manager who has worked in the field of cancer for more than 30 years, fears this is leading to South Asian women dying unnecessarily. "Because of the ignorance of not presenting early, not examining the breasts... the disease has already spread [when they do seek help] and it's very difficult to manage it with treatment. "Then the mortality is high, so there is a stigma attached - that when you get cancer you're going to die." She said one of her patients had come for treatment so late that her breast was "fungating" and "rotten". She recalled: "It was smelling so much that you couldn't even sit next to it." The woman - who had young children - died because the cancer had by then spread to other parts of her body, Ms Agarwal explained. The Victoria Derbyshire programme has heard several other accounts of the effects the stigma surrounding cancer can have. Samina Hussain said one of her family told her to wear hijab to hide her cancer, saying "you can cover this up now". Iyna Butt said her aunt refused chemotherapy as she felt "God had given [cancer] to her". 'Help save women' Ms Saini is now calling for more data on screening uptake by ethnicity to be recorded, so findings can be used to provide more tailored support to communities. Public Health England's screening director Anne Mackie said when Ms Saini's research is published it will look to implement its suggestions. "We've got every reason to believe that will help save women from [South] Asian backgrounds' lives as well as others from deprived backgrounds," she said. Watch the Victoria Derbyshire programme on weekdays between 09:00 and 11:00 on BBC Two and the BBC News Channel. | দক্ষিণ এশিয়ান বংশোদ্ভুত যুক্তরাজ্যে বসবাসরত অনেক নারী ক্যান্সারের কথা গোপন করেন 'বদনাম হবার ভয়ে'-এক অনুসন্ধানে বিবিসি এমন তথ্য জানতে পেরেছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Aparna AlluriBBC News, Delhi It all began with a tweet. A federal minister announced on 2 September that the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation would recognise Mr Modi for his government's efforts to end open defecation. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, as it is known, or Clean India Mission, seeks to improve sanitation across the country by building tens of millions of toilets for the poor. But the seemingly innocuous award has sparked scathing opinion pieces, the disapproval of at least three Nobel laureates, a petition by more than 100,000 people, and even rejection by celebrities - British Asian actors Jameela Jamil and Riz Ahmed were due to attend but dropped out of the event, although neither has explained why. The award for Mr Modi has raised eyebrows because to date recipients of the Gates Foundation's "Goalkeeper" award have largely been grassroots political and community activists. Why is Mr Modi getting an award? Hundreds of millions of Indians defecate in the open because they have no access to toilets or even running water. It has been a persistent problem, polluting soil and water, causing diseases and putting women and girls at risk as they go out alone in the night to relieve themselves. So Mr Modi's ambitious promise in 2014 that he would end this practice caught the attention of India and the world. And that goal lies at the heart of the Clean India Mission, arguably Mr Modi's most beloved campaign. He and his Bharatiya Janata Party-led government have touted it as a success - and in the run-up to this year's election, Mr Modi claimed that thanks to the programme, 90% of Indians now have access to a toilet, up from 40% before he came to office. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation said in a statement to the BBC that it was honouring Mr Modi for the "progress India is making in improving sanitation, as part of its drive toward achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals". How successful has the scheme been? Well, it depends on how you evaluate it. While it's true that the number of toilets has increased significantly, a BBC investigation found that many of them are not working or aren't being used for various reasons, from lack of running water to poor maintenance to deeply ingrained cultural habits. Recent research found that people in some parts of northern India preferred to defecate in the open because they found it more "comfortable" or thought it to be "part of a wholesome, healthy virtuous life". Another common problem is that the government offers subsidies for the poor to build a toilet in their home. But since the subsidy is paid out in instalments over more than a year, many poor households wait for months for the construction to be complete. "Many beneficiaries have started construction but not completed it," says Siraz Hirani from the Mahila Housing Sewa Trust, a non-profit group that also works to improve sanitation. As a senior programme manager, Mr Hirani has worked closely with rural and urban governments to implement the Clean India scheme. His other big worry is that the subsidy does not account for the cost of laying a sewer, which has often meant that people in rural areas end up building soak pits for drainage. This, he fears, will eventually lead to ground water and soil pollution in coastal areas where the water table is higher. Mr Hirani says open defecation has "significantly reduced", but the "biggest challenge is how do we sustain this?" He adds that the government data relies heavily on the existence of infrastructure - such as the toilet itself - rather than actual use or behavioural change to measure success. He says the Clean India mission is a "great idea" that put the spotlight on open defecation - and for that Mr Modi deserves the award. But he fears that such recognition might be seen as a victory. "It's alright to prove yourself, but you must improve while proving yourself." What do critics say? While they have pointed to the scheme's patchy record, their bigger criticism is about Mr Modi himself, a one-time pariah banned from entering the US for years for his alleged complicity in 2002 sectarian violence in his home state of Gujarat. The prime minister is a polarising figure in India, adored by many but also often blamed for divisive rhetoric and violence against minorities. And critics cite his security lockdown in Indian-administered Kashmir, which has been in place since 5 August when the government stripped the region of its special status. Thousands of political leaders, activists, businessmen and protesters have been detained, communications largely remain cut off and there have been allegations of abuse and excessive use of force by security forces. "The timing of the award - Kashmir is an issue that haunts us, not just Kashmiris," Shiv Visvanathan, a social and political commentator, told the BBC. "There is a deep need for trauma clinics [in Kashmir]. Will the Gates foundation establish these in the name of rights? Would the [Modi] regime allow it?" Dr Visvanathan adds that it's also hard to ignore the fact that "philanthropists like Bill Gates add legitimacy and gloss" to Mr Modi's government. "Why be naïve about it? It ensures the [Gates] foundation has a smoother time in India." Mr Modi has not responded to the criticism, but he tweeted, thanking the foundation for the award. What does the foundation say? The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation never made an official announcement that Mr Modi would receive the 2019 Goalkeeper award - and the awards website says the names of this year's winners will be released at the event. But as the criticism gathered steam, it acknowledged that Mr Modi was indeed one of the recipients. Mr Modi is not the first politician to receive the award - Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the former president of Liberia, was honoured in 2017. Defending its decision to honour him, the foundation said in its statement to the BBC that "sanitation has not received significant attention" and "a lot of governments are not willing to talk about it, in part because there are not easy solutions". "Before the Swachh Bharat mission, over 500 million people in India did not have access to safe sanitation, and now, the majority do. There is still a long way to go, but the impacts of access to sanitation in India are already being realized. The Swachh Bharat Mission can serve as a model for other countries around the world that urgently need to improve access to sanitation for the world's poorest." Read more about Narendra Modi | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে ভারতীয় প্রধানমন্ত্রী মন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদী এক হাই-প্রোফাইল সফরের অংশ হিসেবে নিউইয়র্কের একটি অনুষ্ঠানে যোগ দেবেন। সেখানে তাকে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সরকারি প্রকল্পের জন্য সম্মাননা দেয়া হবে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Leo KelionTechnology desk editor The company has also extended the range to include a new "Mini" model that has a smaller 5.4in screen. The US firm bucked a wider industry downturn by increasing its handset sales over the past year. But some experts say the new features give Apple its best opportunity for growth since 2014, when it revamped its line-up with the iPhone 6. "5G will bring a new level of performance for downloads and uploads, higher quality video streaming, more responsive gaming, real-time interactivity and so much more," said chief executive Tim Cook. There has also been a cosmetic refresh this time round, with the sides of the devices getting sharper, flatter edges. No charger The higher-end iPhone 12 Pro models also get bigger screens than before and a new sensor to help with low-light photography. However, for the first time none of the devices will be bundled with headphones or a charger. Apple said the move was to help reduce its impact on the environment. "Tim Cook [has] the stage set for a super-cycle 5G product release," commented Dan Ives, an analyst at Wedbush Securities. He added that about 40% of the 950 million iPhones in use had not been upgraded in at least three-and-a-half years, presenting a "once-in-a-decade" opportunity. In theory, the Mini could dent Apple's earnings by encouraging the public to buy a product on which it makes a smaller profit than the other phones. But one expert thought that unlikely. "Apple successfully launched the iPhone SE in April by introducing it at a lower price point without cannibalising sales of the iPhone 11 series," noted Marta Pinto from IDC. "There are customers out there who want a smaller, cheaper phone, so this is a proven formula that takes into account market trends." The iPhone is already the bestselling smartphone brand in the UK and the second-most popular in the world in terms of market share. If forecasts of pent up demand are correct, it could prompt a battle between network operators, as customers become more likely to switch. "Networks are going to have to offer eye-wateringly attractive deals, and the way they're going to do that is on great tariffs and attractive trade-in deals," predicted Ben Wood from the consultancy CCS Insight. Apple typically unveils its new iPhones in September, but opted for a later date this year. It has not said why, but it was widely speculated to be related to disruption caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The firm's shares ended the day 2.7% lower. This has been linked to reports that several Chinese internet platforms opted not to carry the livestream, although it was still widely viewed and commented on via the social media network Sina Weibo. Ceramic shield Apple said the iPhone 12 has the same 6.1in (15.5cm)-sized screen as its predecessor, but it now uses OLED rather than LCD technology for richer colours. This has also helped the firm make the device 11% thinner and have smaller bezels. It added that the screen was also higher resolution and used a "ceramic shield" to protect its display to offer "four times better drop performance". A new A14 Bionic chip - the first to be built on a five nanometre process - is being used to carry out more advanced enhancements to photos. The firm said it would deliver night-mode selfies without using the flash, as well as better deal with colour, contrast and noise in challenging settings. It showed off a forthcoming mobile version of League of Legends as an example of the "console-quality games" it could now run smoothly. The addition of a magnet array inside the phone's back will allow compatible chargers to "snap on" and renew the battery more quickly, as well as accessories including a wallet to be held in place. The iPhone Mini shares these features but in a smaller form. "The Mini is an interesting move from Apple, which I would have expected [to come] next year - but the smaller phone trend is clearly picking up," commented Carolina Milanesi from Creative Strategies. The iPhone 12 will start at £799 - a £70 gain on last year - and go on sale on 23 October. The iPhone 12 Mini will start at £699 and be released on 13 November. Depth sensor Two steel-sided higher-end models have also been redesigned to feature bigger displays - the iPhone Pro goes from 5.8in to 6.1in, while the Pro Max goes from 6.5in to 6.7in. They carry over the improvements made to the lower-end devices. But they also gain a Lidar (light detection and ranging) scanner. This creates depth-maps of the immediate environment, making autofocus in dim settings "up to six times faster". It can also be used for augmented-reality tasks, although these were given less emphasis. The Pro Max's wide-angle rear camera lens has also been given a bigger sensor to improve low-light performance. Both new Pro models now have at least 128 gigabytes of storage and are £50 cheaper than last year's devices, starting at £999 and £1,099. 5G follower Samsung first launched a 5G-enabled Galaxy S10 phone back in February 2019, and Huawei, OnePlus and Google are among others to have added the capability too. But experts say there has only been limited interest in the feature to date. "Apple is rarely the first to launch new technologies but waits for a technology to be mature enough to build new customer experiences on top of it," commented Thomas Husson from the research company Forrester. "I think we're slowly reaching this tipping point." Apple said it had tested its devices at peak 5G speeds of 3.5 gigabits per second - which means a 20 gigabyte 4K movie could be theoretically downloaded in about 45 seconds. However, it warned that users' experiences would vary by network and region, and the 5G facility would not always be switched on. "The ability of the iPhone 12 to switch between 5G and 4G when the consumer needs, in order to preserve battery, does highlight that 5G connectivity clearly isn't necessary 100% of the time for consumers," remarked Stephen Mears from the consultancy Futuresource. The UK was the second European nation to start rolling out 5G. But while this has helped give it a lead, coverage remains sporadic. In the US - Apple's largest market - 5G speeds are particularly slow. In fact, according to one study, downloads over Canada's 4G networks are typically faster, In some countries, 5G has not yet become available to the public. However, in China - Apple's second-biggest market - the government has encouraged its rapid deployment, and recently announced both Beijing and Shenzhen had achieved "full coverage". "There's no question that a large part of Apple's decision to settle a legal dispute with [5G modem chip-maker] Qualcomm was predicated on the fact that it couldn't afford not to have 5G in 2020," Mr Wood told the BBC. "China would have been the driving force behind that. "But there will also have been pressure from major operators across the world who are investing heavily in 5G networks and recognise the fact that the iPhone is a strategically important product." The really interesting announcements here all came down to speed: 5G-ready phones with faster chips inside them. But Apple arguably failed to sell what you can actually do with all this power. The one area it will definitely help with is mobile gaming, with quicker response times for multiplayer titles as well as better graphics. And what else can 5G do? Well it could let you watch sporting events from multiple angles on your phone - one example the firm gave was of watching American football from seven camera feeds. Or - using augmented reality - you could design a room with virtual furniture in real-time. But as the chief of US network Verizon noted during a guest spot during the presentation: "Until now most people have taken a wait-and-see approach to 5G." And the question is whether the public saw anything that would make them want to rush out and add it to their lives now. Moreover, 5G networks in most countries are at best patchy - you won't be able to take advantage of the promised speed gains in many places. In time, there are likely to be popular apps and games that are dependent on the tech. And many gadget enthusiasts will be tempted to upgrade to an iPhone 12 or Android equivalent to be ready. But they will be investing in the promise of what's to come, rather than what they can do today. Smart speaker Apple also launched a new version of its smart speaker - the HomePod Mini. It supports a wider range of voice commands than before as well as introducing a home intercom system. The £99 voice-controlled device also adds a facility that detects when an iPhone is nearby to produce visual and vibration effects that simulate the effect of music flowing between the gadgets. The first HomePod was launched in 2018, and has lagged far behind Amazon and Google's rival speakers to date. There was no mention, however, of a Mac computer set to run off the A14 chip. Nor was there mention of Bluetooth-based tracking tags or over-ear headphones, which have both been rumoured to launch soon. This will likely lead to speculation that Apple will hold a further event before the end of 2020. | ফাইভজি নেটওয়ার্ক সুবিধাযুক্ত নতুন চারটি মডেলের আইফোন উন্মোচন করেছে অ্যাপল। অ্যাপল নিশ্চিত করেছে ফাইভ জি নেটওয়ার্কে কাজ করা তাদের প্রথম হ্যান্ডসেট হতে যাচ্ছে আইফোন ১২। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Inside the surgery, an ear, nose and throat specialist was already at work on the patient, a diabetic. He had inserted a tube in her nose and was removing tissues infected with mucormycosis, a rare but dangerous fungal infection. This aggressive infection affects the nose, eye and sometimes the brain. After his colleague finished, Dr Nair would carry out a three hour procedure to remove the patient's eye. "I will be removing her eye to save her life. That's how this disease works," Dr Nair told me. Even as a deadly second wave of Covid-19 ravages India, doctors are now reporting a rash of cases involving a rare infection - also called the "black fungus" - among recovering and recovered Covid-19 patients. What is mucormycosis? Mucormycosis is a very rare infection. It is caused by exposure to mucor mould which is commonly found in soil, plants, manure, and decaying fruits and vegetables. "It is ubiquitous and found in soil and air and even in the nose and mucus of healthy people," says Dr Nair. It affects the sinuses, the brain and the lungs and can be life-threatening in diabetic or severely immunocompromised individuals, such as cancer patients or people with HIV/AIDS. Doctors believe mucormycosis, which has an overall mortality rate of 50%, may be being triggered by the use of steroids, a life-saving treatment for severe and critically ill Covid-19 patients. Steroids reduce inflammation in the lungs for Covid-19 and appear to help stop some of the damage that can happen when the body's immune system goes into overdrive to fight off coronavirus. But they also reduce immunity and push up blood sugar levels in both diabetics and non-diabetic Covid-19 patients. It's thought that this drop in immunity could be triggering these cases of mucormycosis. "Diabetes lowers the body's immune defences, coronavirus exacerbates it, and then steroids which help fight Covid-19 act like fuel to the fire," says Dr Nair. Dr Nair - who works in three hospitals in Mumbai, one of the worst-hit cities in the second wave - says he has already seen some 40 patients suffering from the fungal infection in April. Many of them were diabetics who had recovered from Covid-19 at home. Eleven of them had to have an eye surgically removed. Between December and February, just six of his colleagues in five cities - Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Delhi and Pune - reported 58 cases of the infection. Most of the patients contracted it between 12 to 15 days after recovery from Covid-19. Mumbai's busy Sion Hospital has reported 24 cases of the fungal infection in the past two months, up from six cases a year, according to Dr Renuka Bradoo, head of the hospital's ear, nose and throat wing. Eleven of them had to lose an eye, and six of them died. Most of her patients are middle-aged diabetics who were struck down by the fungus two weeks after recovering from Covid-19. "We are already seeing two to three cases a week here. It's a nightmare inside a pandemic," she told me. In the southern city of Bengaluru, Dr Raghuraj Hegde, an eye surgeon, tells a similar story. He has seen 19 cases of mucormycosis in the past two weeks, most of them young patients. "Some were so sick that we couldn't even operate on them." Doctors say they are surprised by the severity and the frequency of this fungal infection during the second wave, compared to some cases during the first wave last year. Dr Nair says he has come across not more than 10 cases in Mumbai in the past two years. "This year is something different," he says. In Bengaluru, Dr Hegde had never seen more than one or two cases a year in over a decade of practice. Patients suffering from the fungal infection typically have symptoms of stuffy and bleeding nose; swelling of and pain in the eye; drooping of eyelids; and blurred and finally, loss of vision. There could be black patches of skin around the nose. Doctors say most of their patients arrive late, when they are already losing vision, and doctors have to surgically remove the eye to stop the infection from reaching the brain. In some cases, doctors in India say, patients have lost their vision in both eyes. And in rare cases, doctors have to surgically remove the jaw bone in order to stop the disease from spreading. An anti-fungal intravenous injection which costs 3,500 rupees ($48) a dose and has to be administered every day for up to eight weeks is the only drug effective against the disease. One way to stall the possibility of the fungal infection was to make sure that Covid-19 patients - both in treatment and after recovery - were being administered the right dose and duration of steroids, says Dr Rahul Baxi, a Mumbai-based diabetologist. He says he treated some 800 diabetic Covid-19 patients in the past year, and none of them contracted the fungal infection. "Doctors should take care of the sugar levels after the patients are discharged," Dr Baxi told me. A senior government official says there is "no big outbreak". Yet it is difficult to say why a growing number of cases of mucormycosis are being reported from all over the country. "The strain of the virus appears to be virulent, sending blood sugars soaring to very high levels. And strangely, the fungal infection is affecting a lot of young people," says Dr Hegde. His youngest patient last month was a 27-year-old man, who was not even a diabetic. "We had to operate on him during his second week of Covid-19 and remove his eye. It's pretty devastating." | শনিবার মুম্বাইয়ে চোখের ডাক্তার ডা. অ্যখশে নায়ার ২৫ বছর বয়সী এক নারীর চোখে অস্ত্রোপচারের জন্য প্রস্তুতি নিচ্ছিলেন। ঐ নারী তিন সপ্তাহ আগে কোভিড থেকে সেরে উঠেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Gabriella MulliganTechnology of Business reporter Most recent projections suggest that its water could run out as early as March. The crisis has been caused by three years of very low rainfall, coupled with increasing consumption by a growing population. The local government is racing to address the situation, with desalination plants to make sea water drinkable, groundwater collection projects, and water recycling programmes. Meanwhile Cape Town's four million residents are being urged to conserve water and use no more than 87 litres (19 gallons) a day. Car washing and filling up swimming pools has been banned. And the visiting Indian cricket team were told to limit their post-match showers to two minutes. Such water-related problems are not confined to Cape Town, of course. Nearly 850 million people globally lack access to safe drinking water, says the World Health Organization, and droughts are increasing. So it seems incredible that we still waste so much of this essential natural resource. In developing and emerging countries, up to 80% of water is lost through leakages, according to German environmental consultancy GIZ. Even in some areas of the US, up to 50% of water trickles away due to ageing infrastructure. A growing number of technology companies are focusing their work on water management - applying "smart" solutions to water challenges. More Technology of Business For example, French company CityTaps is on a mission to streamline water access in urban homes with its smart water meters linked to an internet-based management system. The company is first targeting poor homes in urban areas and its system, CTSuite, is currently being trialled in Niger. Users buy "water credits" via their mobile phones and a smart meter dispenses only as much water as has been paid for. Users receive alerts when their credit balance gets low, and if they don't top up the account, the meter automatically switches off the flow. The utility can track water usage remotely in near real-time via the internet. A sudden spike in water outflow and a change in pressure, measured by "internet of things" sensors, can then help identify leaks across the network. Water companies are also using drones and satellites to help spot leaks, and in some circumstances even divining rods - despite scientific doubts, some firms say they do work. "The internet of things offers new avenues for technological innovation in the water field, mostly by providing real-time data that - we hope - can be used to help utilities become ever more efficient and high-performing," says Gregoire Landel, chief executive of CityTaps. Better water management also helps save on the electricity and chemicals required to produce drinkable water. Meanwhile, other companies are using technology to harvest water from new sources. US-based WaterSeer, for example, is developing a device capable of collecting water from the air. An internal fan draws air into an underground collection chamber where the vapour condenses, making use of the earth's cooler temperatures. Solar or electricity grid-powered coolers also help the condensation process. The company says water can be produced with "less than a 100 watts" of electricity - the power requirement of an old-fashioned light bulb. "Individuals and businesses will pave the way for innovative solutions, as they will be able to move and adopt a series of them quicker than large utilities that are sometimes mired in regulatory constraints and rigid decision-making cultures," says Nancy Curtis, a founding partner of WaterSeer. "However, utilities offer the opportunity to make large-scale impacts on replenishing depleting water supplies." A number of water-restricted municipalities in the US are exploring how WaterSeer devices could be used to improve water security, the company says. But the device is still being tested in the field, so these are early days. "A community of 500 would save 40 million US gallons (150m litres; 33m gallons) of water or more each year, reducing stress on traditional surface and underground sources," argues Ms Curtis. Technology may have its place in helping us use water more efficiently, but it is unlikely to have much impact on those without any access to water in the first place, says Alexandros Makarigakis of Unesco's international hydrological programme (IHP). "Smart water systems cannot be expected to have much impact regarding provision of access for the unconnected. [They] are more effective in the urban context," he says. This is echoed by Vincent Casey, senior manager at the charity WaterAid. "The technology to connect people to a water supply has been around since ancient Egypt. It's not a technical problem," he says. More important is how water supplies are organised, he argues, which is an issue primarily for governments, with support from the private sector. "The priority is mobilising resources and paying sufficient attention to the management arrangement to keep people connected," says Mr Casey. That's not to say WaterAid eschews tech completely. It has successfully used mobile app mWater to monitor water access and existing networks. For those with no direct-to-home supply, services like Grundfos' "water ATM", which enables people to access water from a local dispenser using a pre-paid card, are also proving useful. But there is a sense that much of this technology is merely tinkering at the edges. The overarching issue is the potentially devastating effect of global warming on water availability and how we, collectively, endeavour to tackle it. | বিশ্বখ্যাত টেবিল মাউন্টেন বা টেবিলের মতো পর্বত, আফ্রিকান পেঙ্গুইন, সাগর ও রোদের উজ্জ্বলতার শহর হিসেবে পরিচিত দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার কেপটাউন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Sean CoughlanBBC News education and family correspondent Wider access to wi-fi on trains and the spread of mobile phones has extended the working day, a study from the University of the West of England says. The study examined 5,000 rail passengers on commuter routes into London as wi-fi became more available. "I am a busy mum and I rely on that time," one commuter told researchers. "It's really important to my sanity that I can get work done on the train," she said, on the Aylesbury to London route. Never switching off The study, to be presented at the Royal Geographical Society on Thursday, found that 54% of commuters using the train's wi-fi were sending work emails. Others were using their own mobile phone connections for work emails. Those on the way to work were catching up with emails sent ahead of the coming day - while those on the return journey were finishing off work not completed during regular working hours. "It's dead time in a way, so what it allows me to do is finish stuff and not work in the evenings," said a commuter on the London to Birmingham route. The study examined the impact of free wi-fi being upgraded on the London to Birmingham and London to Aylesbury routes. It showed that as internet access improved it had the effective consequence of extending working hours, using laptops and mobile phones. For commuting parents, it was also seen as a "transition", where they switched roles from being part of a family to a working environment. There were other commuters who liked the "buffer" of being able to work when travelling. "The majority of the time it's an option for me to, you know, clear the decks for the day, relax and put work behind me more than anything else," said a passenger on the London to Birmingham route. Work-life balance But the findings raise questions about the work-life balance - and whether it is healthy to stretch out the working day with people routinely answering emails beyond office hours. If the journey has become part of work, should it also be recognised as part of working hours? Researcher Dr Juliet Jain said smartphones and mobile internet access had caused a "blurring of boundaries" between work and home life - and this now applied to the journey to work. "How do we count that time? Do workplace cultures need to change?" she asked. Instead of technology giving people more flexibility over working, the study showed that people were working extra hours on top of their time in the office. "There's a real challenge in deciding what constitutes work," said Dr Jain, from the university's Centre for Transport and Society. Counting the journey as work could "ease commuter pressure on peak hours" travel, she said, allowing more staggered travel times. But Dr Jain said it would also mean that employers would want "more surveillance and accountability" for how commuters were spending that time before arriving at their desks. Business leaders recognised the difficulties of setting boundaries around such work emails and mobile technology - and warned it could damage productivity if work became too pervasive. "This increasing flexibility has the potential to radically shift the work-life balance for the better - but it also leaves open the door to stress and lower productivity," said Jamie Kerr, of the Institute of Directors. "With the concept of clocking on and clocking off no longer straightforward, defining where leisure begins and work ends will be vital for both employers and individuals, as well as a complex task for regulators." Matthew Percival, the CBI's head of employment, said: "A common-sense approach is needed, giving individuals the tools to manage their work-life balance." | ইংল্যান্ডের একদল গবেষক বলছেন যে হারে মানুষ যানবাহনে চলাচলের সময় অফিসের ইমেইল করছে,তাতে করে তাদের যাত্রার সময়টাকে কাজের দিন বা অফিস টাইম হিসেবে ধরা উচিত। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The social media giant banned Mr Trump from its platform in January following riots by his supporters on the Capitol building in Washington. Lara Trump, a new Fox News contributor, posted a video of herself interviewing Mr Trump on a range of issues. She later posted a screenshot of an email she received from Facebook warning her of the ban. "In line with the block we placed on Donald Trump's Facebook and Instagram accounts, further content posted in the voice of Donald Trump will be removed and result in additional limitations on the account," an email from "Katelyn" read. Lara Trump, who is married to Mr Trump's son Eric, instead posted the interview for her own online show The Right View on the video platform Rumble and linked to it from her Facebook page. "And just like that, we are one step closer to Orwell's 1984. Wow," she commented on her Instagram account. Long-time Trump supporter and Fox News TV host Sean Hannity described the move as "extreme censorship" in a tweet. Facebook's suspension of Mr Trump's account on 7 January - a day after the Capitol riots - is being reviewed by its new Oversight Board, which was set up to rule on controversial moderation decisions. Defending the ban at the time, Facebook chief Mark Zuckerburg said: "We believe the risks of allowing the president to continue to use our service during this period are simply too great." Donald Trump was also banned from Twitter and YouTube. | ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের পুত্রবধূ লারা ট্রাম্প তার ফেসবুক পাতায় সাবেক আমেরিকান প্রেসিডেন্টের একটি সাক্ষাতকারের যে ভিডিও পোস্ট করেছিলেন সেটি সরিয়ে নিয়েছে ফেসবুক। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Sima KotechaMidlands correspondent, BBC News Police are investigating messages sent to Sarah Hewitt-Clarkson at Anderton Park Primary School in Birmingham. There have been seven weeks of protests outside the site from which "hundreds" of pupils were kept away on Monday. Birmingham MP Jess Phillips has called for an exclusion zone at the school to limit where people can demonstrate. Ms Hewitt-Clarkson has branded the protests aggressive. The city council is looking into Ms Phillips' request, with the authority's leader saying some outside the school are "peddling hatred". The complaints at Anderton Park, mainly from Muslim protesters, focus on lessons for which pupils have been given books featuring cross-dressing children and gay families. The protests' leader says that amounts to "social engineering". Similar teaching has been opposed in letters sent predominantly by conservative Muslims to schools across England, BBC Newsnight reported last week. Ms Hewitt-Clarkson said of the protests: "There's a whole variety of emotions: embarrassment for lots of our community and our parents who think this is just awful what's happening; frustration that it's going on so long; frustration that great British laws like 'you can protest peacefully' actually are causing us a problem. "It's interesting what a normal person on the street would think peaceful means and what actually is peaceful outside here." She described the scene in the Sparkhill area of the city as "very loud, it's very aggressive, it's tiresome". Ms Hewitt-Clarkson said she was "meeting lots of parents", with a series of 12 meetings set up between now and the end of June. She also denied a claim from some parents that she is Islamophobic, saying she believed in "equality for everybody". In England, relationships education will be compulsory for all primary pupils from September 2020. Shakeel Afsar is the leader of the Anderton Park protests, although he has no children at the school. He said the school had pulled "the shutters down" on parental engagement and was promoting LGBT lifestyles to children. He said 600 pupils were kept from school on Monday "to make it crystal clear we will not have our children indoctrinated or participating in any social engineering programmes which undermine our family values by promoting child sexualisation". Anderton Park said more than half of the 700-strong student body had attended school. The council has been contacted to confirm attendance figures. Overnight, counter-protesters adorned the site with heart-shaped messages featuring the words "love is the answer". West Midlands Police, which is investigating the threats against Ms Hewitt-Clarkson, said officers were also looking into "disorder" outside the school in which eggs were thrown at the counter-protesters. The force said it was investigating three reports of assault and two of criminal damage. Outside the school earlier, Mr Afsar was involved in a stand-up disagreement with Ms Phillips, Labour MP for Birmingham Yardley. She said protesters could not "pick and choose" which equality they could and could not have. Saying the worst thing about the protests was damage "to the reputation of a peaceful" community, she called for an exclusion area "to protect the 700 children in this school". Ian Ward, leader of Birmingham City Council, said he had asked authority officers to see whether they could use a Public Spaces Protection Order (PSPO) to counter the protests. He said: "If a PSPO is not appropriate, then we will look at alternative options, because the children and staff at Anderton Park have a right to attend school without this daily disruption. "It's one thing for parents to ask questions about elements of a school curriculum, it's quite another for others to pounce on the situation as an excuse to peddle hatred and misinformation." A council spokesperson said PSPO proposals would normally go out to public consultation and, based on response, a decision made by the authority and "police leads". | সমকামিতা নিয়ে ক্লাসে পাঠদানের পর ইংল্যান্ডের একটি প্রাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ের প্রধান শিক্ষককে হুমকি দিয়ে ইমেল ও ফোন করা হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The decision to cut staff was made on Friday, but Mr Putin has now confirmed the number who must go by 1 September. It brings staff levels to 455, the same as Russia's complement in Washington. This is thought to be the largest action against diplomatic staff from any country in modern history, says the BBC's Laura Bicker in Washington. The number includes Russian employees of the US diplomatic missions across Russia, the BBC's Sarah Rainsford in Moscow adds. Staff in the embassy in Moscow as well as the consulates in Ekaterinburg, Vladivostok and St Petersburg are affected, she says. The US said the move was a "regrettable and uncalled for act". "We are assessing the impact of such a limitation and how we will respond to it," a state department official said. It is not known exactly how many US citizens are employed in the diplomatic missions currently. However, a State Department Inspector General's report in 2013 said more than 900 staff members were "local hires", with only 301 "direct-hire" staff, meaning it seems likely a far lower number than 755 will be actually forced to leave Russia. Mr Putin did strike a conciliatory note, saying he did not want to impose more measures, but also said he could not see ties changing "anytime soon". Mr Putin told Russian television: "More than 1,000 people were working and are still working" at the US embassy and consulates, and that "755 people must stop their activities in Russia". Russia has also said it is seizing holiday properties and a warehouse used by US diplomats. Mr Putin suggested he could consider more measures, but said: "I am against it as of today." He also noted the creation of a de-escalation zone in southern Syria as an example of a concrete result of working together. However, in terms of general relations, he added: "We have waited long enough, hoping that the situation would perhaps change for the better. "But it seems that even if the situation is changing, it's not for anytime soon." Analysis: Russian hopes dashed by Jonathan Marcus, BBC News, defence and diplomatic correspondent Russia hoped for a change in the climate; one where the lifting of many of the western sanctions imposed after its annexation of Crimea might become possible. But more than this, it wanted a new deal between the US and Russia that would acknowledge Moscow as an equal diplomatic player and indeed as a partner in trouble spots, such as Syria, and in the wider struggle against Islamist terror. These hopes have now come to nothing. Russia seems to have placed unrealistic hopes in what President Trump might achieve. Did Mr Putin see him as a forceful like-minded character, or as a political and diplomatic lightweight that might be manipulated and dominated? Either way Russia's own actions in intruding into the US political space and the subsequent investigations, have precluded any fresh start. Russia perhaps failed to understand the Congressional hostility to its activities, mistaking the Trump insiders' lack of concern for the predominant view of the president's supporters on Capitol Hill. Read more: The US and Russia: An uncertain path The new US sanctions were in retaliation both for Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 and Russian interference in the US election. In December, the Obama administration ordered the seizure of two Russian diplomatic compounds and expelled 35 Russian diplomats in response to alleged hacking of the US Democratic Party and Hillary Clinton's campaign. The new US sanctions on Russia were overwhelmingly approved by both houses of Congress, despite objections from President Donald Trump who wants warmer ties between the two countries. The White House said on Friday that he would sign the sanctions bill after fears he could veto it. Mr Trump was believed to be particularly concerned about a provision in the new bill that limits his ability to lift sanctions - forcing him to consult Congress first. Some European countries are also angry because the new law could penalise European companies that invest in big Russian oil and gas projects such as the new Nord Stream II pipeline. US intelligence agencies believe Russia tried to sway the election in favour of Mr Trump and now there are several investigations looking into whether anyone from his campaign helped. Russia has always denied interfering and Mr Trump insists there was no collusion. Get news from the BBC in your inbox, each weekday morning | মস্কোর উপরে দেয়া সাম্প্রতিক মার্কিন নিষেধাজ্ঞার জবাবে রাশিয়া থেকে ৭৫৫ জন মার্কিন কূটনীতিককে বহিষ্কারের ঘোষণা দিয়েছেন রাশিয়ার প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Mr Trump had boasted earlier this week that almost a million people had requested tickets for the event at Tulsa's Bank of Oklahoma Center. But the 19,000-seat arena was far from full and plans for him to address an outside "overflow" area were abandoned. There had been concerns about holding the rally during the pandemic. Coronavirus was one issue Mr Trump touched on in his wide-ranging, almost two-hour-long speech to cheering supporters in Oklahoma, a Republican heartland. Mr Trump said he told officials to slow down Covid-19 testing because so many cases were being detected, in remarks later described as a joke. Those attending the rally had to sign a waiver protecting the Trump campaign from responsibility for any illness. Hours before the event began, officials said six staff members involved in organising the rally had tested positive. However, it is unclear why attendance was lower than initially anticipated. Mr Trump referred to those in the stadium as "warriors", while blaming the media and protesters for keeping supporters away. There were some volatile scenes outside the venue but no serious trouble was reported. Mr Trump's re-election campaign event was one of the biggest indoor gatherings held in the US since the country's Covid-19 outbreak began, and came at a time when Oklahoma is seeing a rise in confirmed cases. More than 2.2 million cases of Covid-19 and 119,000 associated deaths have been reported in the US, according to data from Johns Hopkins University. What did Trump say? In his opening remarks, Mr Trump said there had been "very bad people outside, they were doing bad things", but did not elaborate. Black Lives Matter activists were among the counter-protesters to gather outside the venue before the event. On the coronavirus response, Mr Trump said he had encouraged officials to slow down testing because it led to more cases being discovered. He described testing as a "double-edged sword". "Here is the bad part: When you do testing to that extent, you are going to find more people, you will find more cases," he told the cheering crowd. "So I said 'slow the testing down'. They test and they test." The coronavirus, Mr Trump said, had many names, including "Kung Flu", a xenophobic term that appears to be a reference to China, where Covid-19 originated. Almost 120,000 people have died with Covid-19 in the US since the pandemic began, a number that health experts say could have been much higher had testing not been ramped up. Testing, health officials say, is important to understand where and how widely coronavirus is spreading, and therefore prevent further deaths. A White House official later said the president was "obviously kidding" about Covid-19 testing. Taking aim at his Democratic presidential rival, Mr Trump described Joe Biden as "a helpless puppet of the radical left". The president also struck a combative tone when he touched on anti-racism protests - and the toppling of statues - which began after the killing of an unarmed black man, George Floyd, by police in Minneapolis. "The unhinged left-wing mob is trying to vandalise our history, desecrate our monuments - our beautiful monuments - tear down our statues and punish, cancel and persecute anyone who does not conform to their demands for absolute and total control. We're not conforming," he told the crowd. The Trump campaign event in Tulsa had all the colour and character of one of his typical rallies. The "Make America Great Again" hats, the Hillary Clinton "lock her up" chants, the ear-piercing soundtrack - squint, and it felt like the kind of raucous celebration that powered Trump to the White House in 2016 and buoyed the president through the ups and downs of his presidency. The only thing missing was the capacity crowd, as vast swathes of blue upper-deck seats remained empty even as Trump entered the stage. Blame the coronavirus for discouraging people from attending. Blame phantom protesters - as the Trump campaign did in a statement - for blocking access to the rally site. Blame mischievous liberals for flooding the campaign with fake ticket requests, encouraging the campaign to prepare for massive overflow crowds. Whatever the reason, those massive crowds simply didn't materialise. It wasn't a bad turnout, but when your campaign boasts of more than a million RSVPs, it's an embarrassing look to hit way below that mark. For a campaign struggling to steady itself amid sagging polls and a public increasingly uneasy about the direction of the nation, the president may have needed more than a comfort-blanket rally that harkens back to better days. What's the background? There had been fierce opposition, including a legal challenge rejected by Oklahoma's Supreme Court, against holding the rally during the pandemic on health grounds. Some feared the rally could become a coronavirus "super spreader" event. In a Facebook post, Tulsa Mayor GT Bynum acknowledged that Tulsa's residents were divided over it being the first city to host such an event. "We do this as our positive Covid-19 cases are rising, but while our hospital capacity remains strong. Some think it is great, some think it is reckless. Regardless of where each of us falls on that spectrum, we will go through it as a community," he wrote. Emotions have also been running high following the killing of an unarmed black man, George Floyd, by police in Minneapolis last month, which sparked widespread anti-racism protests. Mayor GT Bynum declared on Thursday a curfew covering the area around the BOK Center, citing the risk of "civil unrest". But on Friday, Mr Trump announced that the curfew had been lifted for "our many supporters". Mr Trump had initially planned to hold the rally on Friday. But he changed the date last week after learning it fell on 19 June, known as Juneteenth, which marks the end of slavery in the US. The choice of location is also controversial. In 1921, Tulsa was the scene of a massacre in which white mobs attacked black people and businesses, killing an estimated 300 people. At a peaceful Juneteenth rally in Tulsa on Friday, the civil rights activist Al Sharpton said campaigners could "Make America Great" for everybody for the first time. | করোনাভাইরাস মহামারী শুরু হওয়ার পর যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প প্রথমবারের মতো জনসম্মুখে মুখে মাস্ক পরলেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Large rallies have been taking place in the capital Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). Monday's protests came a day after clashes between police and protesters in Delhi left at least 50 injured. Protesters are angry at a law entitling citizenship to some non-Muslim migrants from three Muslim-majority countries. The leader of India's opposition Congress Party, Sonia Gandhi, accused the government of creating an atmosphere of religious tension for political interests. The protests - which have left six people dead - began in the north-eastern state of Assam last Thursday, before spreading to other parts of northern and eastern India. But people are divided on why they have taken to the streets. Some critics say the law is anti-Muslim, while others - especially in border regions - fear large-scale migration. The law allows non-Muslims from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan, who entered India illegally, to become citizens. What did Mr Modi say? The PM attempted to calm tensions in a series of tweets as students resumed their protests on Monday. "No Indian has anything to worry regarding this act. This act is only for those who have faced years of persecution outside and have no other place to go except India," the prime minister wrote. "This is the time to maintain peace, unity and brotherhood." Authorities have tried to curb the protests by shutting down internet services, so it is unclear how many people in affected areas have seen his tweets. The Congress Party has accused the government of declaring a war on its own people. Several lawyers have asked the Supreme Court to intervene, pointing out that officers had allegedly assaulted students in bathrooms, but the chief justice said that the court would not take any action until the protests ceased. Delhi police spokesman MS Randhawa denied allegations against them, saying his officers "exercised maximum restraint". The UK, US and Canada have issued travel warnings for people visiting India's north-east, telling their citizens to "exercise caution" if travelling to the region. What is happening in Delhi? Protests resumed at the city's prestigious Jamia Millia Islamia university on Monday morning, following violent clashes on Sunday that resulted in 35 students being detained. Several Delhi metro stations were closed. A march on Sunday ended with at least three buses and several motorbikes being torched, roads blocked and stones being thrown at officers, who responded with tear gas. The university said police later entered the campus without permission and video footage showed police assaulting students and staff. Videos shot by students show police beating up students inside campus areas like bathrooms and the library. Police have said that they did what was "necessary" to stop the protests. The university's vice chancellor, Najma Akhtar, condemned the police action on Monday, telling reporters they would be filing a court case against the police and demanding a high-level inquiry. She also denied rumours of student deaths. Hundreds of people also protested in other parts of the city, including in Jawaharlal Nehru University and outside the city's police headquarters. How have Indian authorities reacted? India's Chief Justice Sharad Bobde said that the Supreme Court would intervene only if "the atmosphere settles down", adding that student protesters could not "take the law into their own hands". "The court can't do anything right now. Let the riots stop," he said. The police have been heavily criticised, with many on social media alleging that officers attacked students with sticks and tear gas when they were peacefully protesting. But Mr Randhawa, the police spokesman, said students and locals threw stones at police first, adding that 30 officers were injured. What has the reaction been in other Indian cities? Footage from the northern city of Lucknow on Monday showed students at Nadwa university throwing stones at security forces, who retaliated by throwing the stones back. The students have been locked inside the campus. Television footage also showed officers hitting students with large sticks. In Kolkata, tens of thousands of people joined a demonstration led by Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee and her ruling Trinamool Congress party. Why is the law so divisive? The Hindu-nationalist BJP government argues that the law aims to accommodate those who have fled religious persecution. Critics say the law is part of the government's agenda to marginalise Muslims, and that it violates secular principles enshrined in the constitution. Earlier this week, the United Nations Human Rights office voiced concern that the new law was fundamentally discriminatory. The government denies religious bias and says Muslims are not covered by the new law because they are not religious minorities, and therefore do not need India's protection. Meanwhile, people in Assam fear that they will be "overrun" by illegal non-Muslim migrants from neighbouring Bangladesh. They argue that outsiders will take over their land and jobs - eventually dominating their culture and identity. | ভারতের অনেকগুলো শহরে বিক্ষোভকারীদের সাথে পুলিশের সংঘর্ষ হয়েছে এবং সংশোধিত নাগরিক আইনের প্রতিবাদে পঞ্চম দিনের মতো বিক্ষোভ চলছে। তবে দেশটির প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদী সবাইকে শান্ত থাকার আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | They say the alleged assaults date back to 2004. The 67-year-old has already been charged with raping or assaulting four women between 2014 and 2019. Ron Jeremy is one of the biggest names in pornography and has featured in over 1,700 films over four decades. If convicted, he faces up to 250 years behind bars. He has denied wrongdoing. Mr Jeremy, whose real name is Ronald Jeremy Hyatt, appeared in court in June. He was accused of raping a 25-year-old woman and 30 year-old woman, and sexually assaulting two others, aged 33 and 46. At the time his lawyer denied the charges saying said that his client had been "a paramour to over 4,000 women" and that "women throw themselves at him". But prosecutors received further allegations of sexual violence in the days following his court appearance, the Los Angeles Times reported. The new charges include a total of 20 counts of rape and sexual assault against the 13 women. The alleged victims range in age between 15 and 54. The most recent charge relates to an assault allegedly carried out outside a business in Hollywood on New Year's Day this year. In 2017, Rolling Stone magazine reported that more than a dozen women had accused Mr Jeremy of sexual misconduct, including groping, inappropriate touching, non-consensual digital penetration, and sexual assault. He told the magazine he had "never and would never rape anyone". Mr Jeremy is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for "Most Appearances in Adult Films" and was the subject of the 2001 documentary Porn Star: The Legend of Ron Jeremy. He has also made numerous cameo appearances in computer games, Hollywood films and music videos for Moby, Guns N' Roses, Armin Van Buuren among others, as well as LMFAO's Sexy and I Know It. | ব্লু ফিল্ম হিসেবে পরিচিত প্রাপ্তবয়স্কদের জন্য নির্মিত ছবির তারকা রন জেরেমির বিরুদ্ধে অভিযোগ আনা হয়েছে যে, তিনি তেরজন নারীর ওপর যৌন সহিংসতা চালিয়েছেন, যাদের মধ্যে তের বছরের এক কিশোরীও রয়েছে। লস অ্যাঞ্জেলসের সরকারি আইনজীবীরা এই তথ্য জানিয়েছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Joe Tidy & Becky DaleBBC News As the founder of technology innovation hub IceAddis, his co-working space is usually abuzz with wide-eyed entrepreneurs fuelled on strong coffee and big dreams. But when the internet shuts down, everything is stopped in its tracks. Data shared with the BBC by digital rights group Access Now, shows that last year services were deliberately shut down more than 200 times in 33 separate countries. This includes, on one occasion, in the UK. In April 2019 the British Transport Police shut down the wi-fi on London's Tube network during a protest by climate change activists Extinction Rebellion. Also revealed in the report about shutdowns in 2019: In Addis Ababa, everything stops, says Markos Lemma. "No one comes in - or when they do they don't stay for long because without the internet, what are they going to do? "We had a software development contract that was cancelled because we couldn't deliver on time, because... there was internet disconnection. We've also [had] situations where international customers think our businesses are ignoring them, but there's nothing we can do. " Motorbike drivers wait around, rather than delivering food. Without an internet connection, people cannot order online or on apps, says Markos. "Internet shutdowns have a direct consequence on businesses and people here." Disconnecting the web It is not just Ethiopia, and the impact is not only economic. Access Now's research shows that blackouts are affecting tens of millions of people all over the world in various ways. Government officials are able to "switch off" the internet by ordering service providers to block certain areas from receiving signals - or sometimes, by blocking access to specific web services. Human rights groups are concerned that the measure is becoming a defining tool of government repression around the world. This new data analysed by the BBC suggests that disruption is increasingly linked to times of protest. Governments often say a shutdown is to help ensure public safety and to stop the spread of fake news. But critics say they stifle the flow of information online – and crack down on any potential dissent offline. The UN declared internet access to be a human right in 2016, and achieving universal access is one target of its Sustainable Development Goals. However, not all leaders subscribe to that idea. In August 2019, Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed declared that the internet is "not water or air" and that shutdowns would remain an important tool for national stability. Markos Lemma is angry about that. "The government doesn't see the internet as important. I think they really think the internet is just about social media, so they don't really see the economic value of the internet and how that impacts the economy." India tops the blackout list The new data for 2019 shows that India had by far the highest number of shutdowns of any country last year. Mobile data or broadband services were switched off for residents in various parts of the country 121 times, with the majority (67%) occurring in disputed India-administered Kashmir. And protesters in Sudan and Iraq found themselves forced to resort to organising everything offline when their internet was turned off. The impact of each incident varies greatly depending on the scale of the outage: from localised blocking of social media platforms to countrywide outages of all internet traffic. "Throttling" is a form of blackout that is harder to monitor, and happens when a government slows down data services. They might bump modern, fast 4G, mobile internet down to 1990s-era 2G, making it impossible to share videos or livestream. This happened in May 2019, when the President of Tajikistan admitted to throttling most social networks. including Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, saying they were "vulnerable to terrorist activity". Some countries, like Russia and Iran, are currently building and testing their own versions of a locked-off nationwide internet, thought to be a sign of increased control on the web. Digital rights group Access Now says: "It seems more and more countries are learning from one another and implementing the nuclear option of internet shutdowns to silence critics, or perpetrate other human rights violations with no oversight." | আদ্দিস আবাবার উঁচু অফিস ভবনে যে ডেস্কে বসে মারকোস লেমা কাজ করেন, সেখান থেকে পুরো নগরীর একটা চমৎকার দৃশ্য দেখা যায়। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By BBC NewsStaff The Sunday Telegraph says confusion reigns over the true state of his condition because of the contradicting statements of his doctors and officials. For the Observer, the briefing by his medical team raised more questions than answers. The paper also says Mr Trump's coronavirus infection has given another dramatic twist to an already tumultuous and perilous US election year. "Just how ill is President Trump?" the Sunday Express headline asks. For the Sunday Times, it's a twist that no political thriller writer would have dared to use on the grounds of credibility. "If I took a script with this to Netflix", the Mail on Sunday's US editor writes, "they would laugh me out of the room". She says the election is turning into an apocalyptic Hollywood movie without end. A number of commentators write about Tory frustrations with Boris Johnson's premiership. Dan Hodges, in the Mail on Sunday, says his backbenchers have moved from despair to resignation - and given up waiting for the return of "the real Boris". Instead, they have decided the time has come to move around and beyond him, he says. Julie Burchill - who voted Conservative for the first time last December - writes in the Sunday Telegraph that she never expected Mr Johnson to have a moral compass. "But," she adds, "I did expect him to possess a political sat nav rather than appear to be a Sunday driver at the wheel of an out-of-control juggernaut." In the Observer, Andrew Rawnsley says that like many voters, Tory MPs are now utterly fatigued by serial blunders, gaffes and zig-zags. Sign up for a morning briefing direct to your inbox The Sunday Times reports that Britain's biggest cinema chain, Cineworld, is set to close all its screens this week because big budget releases - including the new James Bond movie - have been postponed because of the pandemic. According to the paper, Cineworld says the industry has become "unviable". 5,500 jobs are at risk, though the paper adds that the cinemas are likely to reopen next year. The paper also says that as families decide which relatives to invite to a smaller Christmas lunch - with no sign that the "rule of six" will be relaxed by then - turkey farmers face a dilemma: do they slaughter their birds early or put them on a diet? It reports that farmers and butchers expect less appetite for bigger birds this year. But an executive of one butchers' chain tells the paper she hopes festive customers will be "understanding" about the glut of big birds, and try to get some extra meals out of them. "Because we've had a bad year," she says, "they can celebrate over two days and have Christmas lunch twice." Dame Mary Berry? Finally, the Sunday Telegraph says it understands that Mary Berry is to be made a Dame in the Queen's Birthday Honours List being published this week - postponed from June because of the pandemic. According to the paper, the former Bake Off judge is in line for the honour after six decades of cookery writing and broadcasting. Quite right too, the paper's leader column declares. It says the Victoria sponge is a timeless British icon - and so too, is Mary Berry. | সংবাদ মাধ্যমে বর্তমানে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ যতো খবরাখবর প্রচারিত হচ্ছে তার একটি যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পকে কেন্দ্র করে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | It said an inquiry had found that four members of the security forces were involved in the killing of 10 people in Inn Din village near Maungdaw. The report said the four had helped villagers carry out a revenge attack on what it called "Bengali terrorists". Myanmar has been accused of carrying out ethnic cleansing in Rakhine state. More than 650,000 Rohingya have fled into neighbouring Bangladesh since violence erupted last August, with terrible stories of mass murder, rape and torture. They accuse the military, backed by local Buddhist mobs, of burning their villages and attacking and killing civilians. Myanmar's military has denied targeting civilians, and insists it is fighting only Rohingya militants. Myanmar has refused to allow journalists and external investigators into Rakhine to look into the allegations of abuses. The military announced last month that it would investigate a grave containing 10 skeletons that had been found near Inn Din. The results of the investigation, published on the military commander-in-chief's Facebook page, said the massacre took place on 2 September. "It is true that both the villagers and security forces admitted they killed the 10 Bengali terrorists," it said, using their usual term to refer to Rohingya militants. "The army will take charge of those who are responsible for the killings and who broke the rules of engagement. "This incident happened because ethnic Buddhist villagers were threatened and provoked by the terrorists." This is a rare admission of wrongdoing by the Myanmar military. In November, the military exonerated itself of blame in the recent violence, and flat out denied unlawfully killing any Rohingya people, burning villages, raping women and girls or stealing possessions. Despite all the evidence of atrocities in Rakhine, until now the only mass grave the Myanmar authorities have found was blamed on Rohingya militants and contained the bodies of what they said were 28 Hindu villagers. There has been speculation that the detention in December of two Reuters reporters came after they received information about the massacre at Inn Din. UN human rights investigator Yanghee Lee had been due to visit Myanmar this month but was banned in December after the government accused her of not being "impartial and objective". She said the decision to block her suggested "something terribly awful" was happening in Rakhine. You can read more on this story: | মিয়ানমারের সেনাবাহিনী এই প্রথমবারের মত স্বীকার করেছে যে, রাখাইন রাজ্যে সাম্প্রতিক সহিংসতায় রোহিঙ্গা মুসলিমদের হত্যায় জড়িত ছিল দেশটির সেনা সদস্যরা। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Reality Check teamBBC News Its major suppliers have traditionally been the United States and Europe, but more recently Turkey has turned to Russia for the purchase of a missile defence system. So which countries have imposed bans and where does that leave Turkey to buy its weapons from? Who has imposed bans? Nine European countries have imposed controls on arms sales to Turkey. The Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the UK have all - along with Canada - announced they are halting or restricting arms export licence approvals for Turkey. UK Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab has said Britain would continue selling arms to Turkey but would not grant new export licences for weapons which might be used in military operations in Syria. Germany and Spain have said that their embargoes only apply to new contracts. The European Union has not endorsed an official EU-wide arms embargo, although foreign ministers have agreed to adopt "strong national positions regarding their arms export policy to Turkey". "The arms sanctions are not expected to have a great effect, if any, on Ankara's operation should it continue," says defence analyst Yvonni-Stefania Efstathiou. But "should sanctions extend beyond weapons potentially used in Syria", she says, "there could be a negative impact on Turkey's overall defence industry". Who are the major arms suppliers to Turkey? Over the period 1991-2017, Turkey was the world's fifth largest importer of major weapons. Turkey has historically relied on its Nato allies in the United States and Europe for its defence and security needs. The US has been the largest exporter of arms to Turkey, providing 60% of its total imports between 2014 and 2018. Among European countries, France, Spain and the UK have been major suppliers. Under the military-dominated Turkish governments of the 1980s and 90s, its arms imports from the US reached record highs. It acquired fighter jets, missiles, helicopters, tanks, ships, and other items which are still used by the Turkish military. But Turkey recently turned to Russia for the purchase of a $2.5bn missile defence system, a decision that has alarmed its Nato allies. They argued that Turkey's acquisition of S-400 system from a Nato adversary could greatly undermine its security because Turkish military forces are integrated into Nato's equipment and broader air defence systems. The United States responded by preventing Turkey from buying its F-35 stealth warplanes, the most sophisticated fighter jet in the world. Because of its key geostrategic location, Turkey hosts several US and Nato bases, including an early warning missile defence radar and Nato command operations in eastern Turkey. It also houses roughly 50 US nuclear bombs in the Incirlik airbase near the southern Turkish city of Adana. Turkey's own weapons industry Turkey has developed its own substantial domestic arms industry in the last decade with the aim of reducing its dependence on foreign suppliers. Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu recently stated that Turkey "now produces over 70%" of its own military equipment and is also a significant exporter of arms. "It is not easy to assess precisely the extent to which Turkey's defence industry is meeting the national military needs," says defence analyst Yvonni-Stefania Efstathiou. "Yet what Turkey usually calls indigenous systems are, in reality, licence-produced or based on imported sub-components." Turkish arms exports during the period 2014-18 had increased by 170% compared with the period from 2009-13. By 2018, Turkey was the 14th largest arms exporter in the world with Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Turkmenistan the main destinations. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter | সিরিয়ার উত্তরাঞ্চলে তুর্কী সামরিক বাহিনীর অভিযান শুরু হওয়ার পর ইউরোপের অনেক দেশ তুরস্কে তাদের অস্ত্র রপ্তানি স্থগিত করেছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Some are carrying banners reading, "President Trump, please save Hong Kong" and "Make Hong Kong great again". The protests, now in their 14th straight week, have continued despite Hong Kong's leadership finally meeting one of the protesters' key demands. China has consistently warned other countries not to interfere. It says the situation in Hong Kong, a former British colony handed back to China in 1997, is purely its own internal affair. Sunday's crowd waved US flags and chanted pleas for the US to "liberate" Hong Kong from China. They are asking the US to pass a proposed "Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act", which Democratic Senators are pushing for consideration next week. The law would require the US to certify Hong Kong's high degree of autonomy on an annual basis to justify its special trade status. It could also expose Chinese officials to US sanctions if they were found responsible for suppressing Hong Kong's freedoms. Protesters sang the US national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner, and a new rallying cry of "five demands, not one less" - after one of their long-standing conditions for ending demonstrations was met earlier this week. What do protesters want? The protests first erupted over a controversial extradition law which would have allowed Hong Kongers to be extradited to mainland China - where a different legal system applies. Mass protests involving hundreds of thousands of people demanded that the plan be abandoned. It was initially suspended in June, and then finally dropped earlier this week. In the meantime, the protesters' demands had spiralled into calls for a much wider set of reforms. Four of their demands remain unmet: Some also want Hong Kong's embattled political leader, Carrie Lam, to resign, accusing her of being controlled by the mainland government in Beijing. But the protests have sometimes turned violent. On Saturday, some protesters attempted to gain access to the international airport, the site of previous demonstrations. But police only allowed airline passengers with a ticket to board trains and buses bound for the terminal. By Saturday night, the situation had destabilised into running clashes between protesters and police, with tear gas being fired in the city - a common sight during the weeks of demonstrations. Is the US likely to get involved? The appeal for US intervention comes despite President Donald Trump's characterisation of Chinese leader Xi Jinping as "a great leader who very much has the respect of his people". "I have zero doubt that if President Xi wants to quickly and humanely solve the Hong Kong problem, he can do it," Mr Trump tweeted in mid-August. On Saturday, US Secretary of Defense Mark Esper said China should show "restraint". Instead of a crackdown, he urged Chinese authorities to "to sit down and talk with the protesters and resolve the differences." For its part, China has not only warned foreign powers not to interfere, but has outright accused the US and Britain of encouraging the protests. The US State Department has issued a travel advisory for Americans visiting Hong Kong, warning that US citizens and diplomatic staff "have been subject to a People's Republic of China propaganda campaign falsely accusing the United States of fomenting unrest in Hong Kong." | হংকং-এর গণতন্ত্রপন্থী বিক্ষোভকারীরা তাদের সাহায্য করার জন্য মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পকে অনুরোধ করেছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent In the beginning, like millions of poor migrants, he lived in a tarped hovel on the fringes of the sprawling Indian capital. He worked in a book binding shop and moved to Khajuri Khas, a gritty neighbourhood in north-east Delhi, which has a literacy rate lower than the national average. When the book binding shop folded, Mr Munazir decided to start something on his own. He bought a cart and rice and chicken and began selling home-cooked biryani. His business thrived - "I was a hero, everybody here loved my food" - cooking 15kg of biryani and making up to 900 rupees ($12.26; £9.60) a day. Things were finally looking up. Barely three years ago, Mr Munazir and his brother, a local driver, pooled 2.4m rupees from their savings and bought a house - an unremarkable two-storey building in a narrow lane. Each floor had two small, windowless rooms and a tiny kitchen and bathroom. It was cramped for two families but it was home. They even installed an air-conditioner to keep the families comfortable in Delhi's sultry summers. "It was a nest I finally built for my wife and six children after a lifetime of struggle," says Mr Munazir. "It was the only thing I wanted in life, it was my only dream come true." The dream ended in flames on a bright, sunny Tuesday morning last week. Mr Munazir's house was looted and torched by a mob of masked and helmeted young men, who swept into the mixed neighbourhood. They were armed with staves, hockey sticks, stones and bottles filled with petrol, and were chanting "Jai Shri Ram", or "Victory to Lord Ram", a greeting which has been turned into a murder cry by Hindu lynch mobs in recent years. Khajuri Khas was one of the ragged neighbourhoods engulfed by Delhi's deadliest religious riots in decades, sparked by clashes over a controversial citizenship law. There were no killings here. But three days of fire and fury in north-east Delhi would eventually consume more than 40 lives, leave hundreds wounded and many missing. Millions of dollars worth of property was destroyed. And there's mounting evidence that Muslims were targeted in a planned manner, with numerous well-documented examples showing some police aiding the rioters, or simply looking the other way. There are some 200 homes and shops in riot-hit lanes of Khajuri Khas, a fifth of them owned by Muslims. However, it is virtually impossible to tell exactly which of the slim, serried structures that dot the untidy skyline are owned by Muslims, and which by their Hindu neighbours. The buildings even share common walls and continuous rooflines. Yet last week, the mob targeted the Muslim houses and shops with chilling ease. Soot-laced, gutted Muslim homes with broken doors, melting electricity cables and mangled CCTV cameras stand next to unspoilt and neatly painted Hindu homes. Muslim-owned chicken, grocery, mobile phone and money transfer shops, a coaching centre, and a soda factory are scorched. Shops owned by Hindus are beginning to open their shutters. The only thing the two communities now share are the forlorn streets overflowing with the remains of the violence: broken glass, burnt vehicles, torn schoolbooks, charred bread. A few goats bleating in the rubble of destruction offer signs of life. "I have no idea whether the rioters were insiders or outsiders. We couldn't see their faces. But how could they identify our shuttered houses without any local help?" asks Mr Munazir. Read more about the Delhi riots Overnight, deep distrust has set in between the two communities. Opposite Mr Munazir's now-burnt home is a two-storey building owned by a Hindu neighbour who trades in betel leaves and lives with two sons, who work for a public transport company. For years, Mr Munazir says, the neighbours have coexisted peacefully. "I have even lived as a tenant in his house. He could have come out and tried to reason with the mob," Mr Munazir says. "Maybe my house would have been saved." On the fateful morning when the mob began spilling into the neighbourhood, Mr Munazir felt a stab of sudden fear. He called the police and fire service. A local Hindu school teacher was trying to placate the armed men and turn them away. "Don't worry, nothing will happen. You go home," he told the anxious Muslims. A young Hindu man was trying to stop a mob from entering another lane. But the rioters refused to listen to their entreaties, and soon surged into the lane. It was then Mr Munazir ran back into his house and bolted the front door. The mob tried to break open his door, and then turned their attention to a mosque a few doors away, throwing petrol bombs into the building. The police, says Mr Munazir, arrived six hours later, and led the Muslim residents to safety even as the rioters looked on, sometimes slapping and stoning the evacuees. As the newest refugees of religious rioting in India left the lane with the police, the mob entered their homes, burning and looting at will. "You are lucky to be alive," a policeman told Mr Munazir. "We will take you where you want." He asked to go to a relative's place in a Muslim-dominated lane across the road. When he reached there with his family, he found 70 men, women and children from 11 local families had already taken shelter in three tiny rooms. Among them was a young woman who had tied her six-day-old baby to her waist and jumped three roof tops to safety. All their houses had been destroyed. The police had helped a few to get to the place, and at least 40 others had been rescued by the Muslim matriarch of the building in an act of remarkable courage. "We are still wondering why the police didn't return to the neighbourhood and protect our homes. Why didn't they call in reinforcements? Was it wilful or did they not have enough forces?" wonders Fayaz Alam, a distraught young engineer who had come to Delhi to look for a job. That is why most of the 70 evacuees in Khajuri Khas owe their lives to Mushtari Khatoon, the frail woman who mustered up courage to cross the main road, walk into the riot-hit lanes, and escort Muslim women and children to safety from early in the morning. She braved a seething mob and went up to the lane "four or five times" to escort them nearly a kilometre to her home. The women and children hopped from roof to roof until they found a safe building to exit. Mrs Khatoon ended up saving more lives than the police did. "We will have to protect ourselves from now on. Delhi will not save us any more," she says. There's defiance, not resignation, in her voice. You may be also interested in... | ছয় দশক আগে বিহারের দারিদ্রের কষাঘাত থেকে পালিয়ে দিল্লি এসেছিলেন মোহাম্মদ মুনাজির। তার ভূমিহীন বাবা সেখানে অন্যের খামারে মজুরী খাটতো। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | James LandaleDiplomatic correspondent@BBCJLandaleon Twitter Yet when this relative novice on the world stage arrives in London on his first global tour since taking office, he will be granted the reddest of red carpets. There'll be lunch with the Queen at Buckingham Palace, and dinner with the Prince of Wales and Duke of Cambridge at Clarence House. There will be meetings with the prime minister at Chequers and Downing Street. And garland upon rhetorical garland of praise will be placed at his feet. MBS - as he is known - will be granted this warm welcome not just because he is the de facto leader of his country. But also because Saudi Arabia has had a long alliance with the UK, a relationship that will take on a different shape after Brexit. For now, the relationship is based on deep and close security links. Saudi Arabia shares intelligence which the prime minister says has saved British lives on British streets. The Saudis are keen on UK cyber expertise to help them tackle the threat from Iran. There is also a close defence relationship with Britain selling - controversially - billions of pounds worth of arms to Saudi Arabia, on which ministers insist tens of thousands of British jobs depend. But this visit will not just be a case of two allies refreshing their relationship. The Crown Prince is looking for international support for his internal economic reforms while at the same time trying to offer reassurance to nervous international investors. And the British government is keen to transform a security and defence relationship into one that includes broader economic ties as well. The UK certainly supports the reforms that this young leader is introducing at an astonishingly fast rate. He is liberalising what has been for many years a deeply conservative country. Women are being allowed to drive and go to football matches. Cinemas are being opened. There has been a crackdown on corruption with senior figures detained and forced to put billions back into state coffers. The Crown Prince has pushed back at the clerics who have held such sway for so many years, making the case for a more liberal vision of Islam. He has begun a process - known as the 2030 Vision - to try to make his country's economy less dependent on oil and more broad-based and market-orientated. All this the British government supports, looking for opportunities for British businesses in the provision of education, entertainment, tourism and healthcare - all areas where officials believe the UK has expertise and a comparative advantage. The UK also has an unashamed appetite for inward investment from Saudi Arabia. In particular, the British are keen to persuade the Saudis to float part of their massive state oil group, Aramco, on the London Stock Exchange. This would be a hugely lucrative deal that has not surprisingly also attracted the attention of other global financial centres. Some MPs worry that the UK may water down its corporate governance rules to secure the listing. UK officials do not expect any early decision on this, but they will use the visit to make the case for London. In other words, post-Brexit Britain will need allies, markets and money - and the Saudis are high on the UK's wish list. But amid the diplomatic love that will be showered upon the Crown Prince, there will also be an appetite for reassurance. There are nerves about what some see as a young man in a hurry. Some are concerned about reforms being forced on a conservative society so quickly that there could be a backlash at home. Others worry about an anti-corruption drive that has made international investors nervous. Cracking down on graft is one thing, arbitrary detention of businessmen and confiscation of assets is another. The Saudis are keen, analysts say, to show that they are committed to a level regulatory playing field. British diplomats have also been concerned by what some see as Mohammed bin Salman's impulsive foreign policy, in particular his feud with the Lebanese prime minister, Saad Hariri, who recently withdrew his resignation, a month after saying he was quitting in a shock announcement in Saudi Arabia. Pushing back against Iranian influence in the region may be understandable, but not if it provokes yet more instability. The fear, say analysts, is that the Crown Prince is good at starting things, but less good at de-escalating them and managing risk. And then, of course, there are the issues on which the two countries have substantial differences. The British government supports in principle the Saudi-led military campaign to restore the internationally-recognised government in Yemen, and accepts what it sees as Riyadh's legitimate security concerns. But the UK has worries about the way the Saudis are prosecuting the campaign, particularly the excessive use of force and the thousands upon thousands of civilian deaths. Thus far, all attempts to bring an end to what has become a proxy conflict with Iran have failed. The Saudis continue to blame the continuing conflict on the Iranian-backed Houthi rebels, but privately the UK is still looking to play a role in finding some kind of political solution. Britain is also keen to see an end to the standoff between Qatar and Saudi Arabia and its Gulf allies. For now, the Saudis appear happy with a status quo that they believe keeps Qatar on the back foot. The UK is also at odds with the Saudis over the Iran nuclear deal, which Riyadh opposes. If the Saudis push back against Iran too firmly, there are fears that the nuclear deal could be endangered. And then there is Saudi Arabia's human rights record. Campaigners are concerned about what they see as Saudi Arabia's repressive actions, such as the detention of political activists and its widespread use of corporal and capital punishment. For all the Crown Prince's liberalisations, Saudi Arabia remains an autocratic monarchy which opposes dissent. Theresa May says she will talk "frankly and constructively" about what she calls "issues of concern including regional security and the conflict and humanitarian situation in Yemen". But that will not stop substantial demonstrations taking place throughout this visit. Many campaign groups are planning protests outside Downing Street. Politicians are expected to join them. Their focal point will be the £4.6bn worth of aircraft, helicopters, drones, grenades, bombs and missiles which the Campaign Against the Arms Trade claims Britain has sold to Saudi Arabia since its bombardment of Yemen began in 2015. How the British government and the Saudi prince respond to this will be a key test of this visit. The hope within the British government is that this will not sour an already sensitive visit on which much is at stake. The Crown Prince wants to reassure global allies about his reforms and project a little Saudi economic leadership. And Britain wants to broaden its economic base after Brexit, and show its allies that it can remain a reliable partner in business and diplomacy. | সৌদি আরবের তরুণ যুবরাজ মোহাম্মদ বিন সালমান দেশটির প্রধান নন, দায়িত্বও নিয়েছেন মাত্র নয়মাস হল। কিন্তু ক্ষমতা গ্রহণের পর তার এই প্রথম বিশ্ব সফরে তিনি ব্রিটেনে লাল গালিচা সংবর্ধনাই পেতে চলেছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Rachel SchraerHealth reporter A third of those with a previous Covid infection went on to develop or have a relapse of a psychological or neurological condition. But those admitted to hospital or in intensive care had an even higher risk. The study authors pointed to both the effects of stress, and the virus having a direct impact on the brain. UK scientists looked at the electronic medical records of more than half a million patients in the US, and their chances of developing one of 14 common psychological or neurological conditions, including: Anxiety and mood disorders were the most common diagnosis among those with Covid, and these were more likely to be down to the stress of the experience of being very ill or taken to hospital, the researchers explained. Conditions like stroke and dementia were more likely to be down to the biological impacts of the virus itself, or of the body's reaction to infection in general. Covid-19 was not associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's or Guillain-Barré syndrome (a risk from flu). Cause and effect The study, published in the Lancet Psychiatry journal, was observational. So the researchers couldn't say whether Covid had caused any of the diagnoses - and some people would have had a stroke or depression in the next six months regardless. But by comparing a group of people who had had Covid-19 with two groups - with flu and with other respiratory infections respectively - the researchers at the University of Oxford concluded Covid was associated with more subsequent brain conditions than other respiratory illnesses. The participants were matched by age, sex, ethnicity and health conditions, to make them as comparable as possible. Sufferers were 16% more likely to develop a psychological or neurological disorder after Covid than after other respiratory infections, and 44% more likely than people recovering from flu. On top of this, the more severely ill with Covid the patient had been, the more likely they were to receive a subsequent mental health or brain disorder diagnosis Mood, anxiety or psychotic disorders affected 24% of all patients but this rose to 25% in those admitted to hospital, 28% in people who were in intensive care and 36% in people who experienced delirium while ill. Strokes affected 2% of all Covid patients, rising to 7% of those admitted to ICU and 9% of those who had delirium. And dementia was diagnosed in 0.7% of all Covid patients, but 5% of those who'd experienced delirium as a symptom. Dr Sara Imarisio, head of research at Alzheimer's Research UK, said: "Previous studies have highlighted that people with dementia are at higher risk of developing severe Covid-19. This new study investigates whether this relationship may also hold in the other direction. "The study doesn't focus on the cause of this relationship and it is important that researchers get to the bottom of what underlies these findings." There is evidence the virus does enter the brain and cause direct damage, neurology professor Masud Husain at the University of Oxford, explained. It can have other indirect effects, for example by affecting blood clotting which can lead to strokes. And the general inflammation which happens in the body as it responds to infection can affect the brain. For just over a third of people developing one or more of these conditions, it was their first diagnosis. But even where it was a recurrence of a pre-existing problem, researchers said this did not rule out the possibility that Covid had caused the episode of illness. Prof Dame Til Wykes, at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, said: "The study confirms our suspicions that a Covid-19 diagnosis is not just related to respiratory symptoms, it is also related to psychiatric and neurological problems. "Looking over six months after diagnosis has demonstrated that the "after-effects" can appear much later than expected - something that is no surprise to those suffering from Long Covid. "Although as expected, the outcomes are more serious in those admitted to hospital, the study does point out that serious effects are also evident in those who had not been admitted to hospital." | গত ছয় মাসে কোভিড-১৯ আক্রান্ত ব্যক্তিদের উপর পরিচালিত এক গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে, আক্রান্তদের মধ্যে মানসিক অবসাদ, ডিমেনশিয়া, সাইকোসিস এবং স্ট্রোকের ঝুঁকি তৈরি হবার সম্ভাবনা রয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Jeremy BowenBBC Middle East editor Bahrain's foreign minister will attend the event and sign its own agreement to normalise relations with Israel, announced by President Donald Trump last week. This is why the deals are significant. 1. The Gulf states see opportunities for trade and more The deal helps the ambitious Emiratis, who have built themselves into a military power as well as a place to do business or go on holiday. It looks as if the Americans helped seal the deal with the promise of advanced weapons that in the past the UAE has barely been able to window-shop. They include the F-35 stealth fighter and the EA-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraft. The UAE has used its already well-equipped armed forces in Libya and Yemen. But its most serious potential enemy is Iran, just on the other side of the Gulf. Israel and the US share Emirati suspicions of the Iranians. So does Bahrain. Until 1969 Iran used to claim Bahrain was by rights part of its territory. Bahrain's Sunni rulers also regard sections of its restive Shia majority as a potential fifth column for Iran. Both Gulf states already had barely concealed ties with Israel. They will look forward to trading openly; Israel has one of the world's most advanced high tech sectors. In non-Covid times, Israelis are avid holidaymakers who will be keen to explore the deserts, beaches and malls of the Gulf. It is good business all round. 2. Israel lessens its regional isolation Normalising relations with the UAE and Bahrain is a genuine achievement for the Israelis. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is a believer in the strategy first described in the 1920s of an "Iron Wall" between the Jewish state and the Arabs. The idea is that Israeli strength will in the end make the Arabs realise that their only choice is to acknowledge its existence. Israelis do not like being isolated in the Middle East. Peace with Egypt and Jordan has never been warm. They might be more hopeful about future relations with Gulf countries a long way from the cockpit of Jerusalem and the occupied territories. Strengthening the alliance against Iran is another big plus. Mr Netanyahu sees Iran as Israel's number one enemy, at times comparing its leaders to the Nazis. He has muted his original complaints about the UAE's possible arms deal. Mr Netanyahu is also beleaguered, facing a trial for corruption that might land him in jail. His handling of the coronavirus pandemic started well and has gone badly wrong. Opponents stage weekly rallies outside his residence in Jerusalem. A ceremony at the White House could not come at a better time. 3. Donald Trump celebrates a foreign policy coup The deal works on a number of levels for the US president. It is a big boost for his strategy of "maximum pressure" on Iran. It is also useful ammunition, especially in an election year, to back his boast that he is the world's best dealmaker. Anything he does that benefits Israel, or more specifically the government of Benjamin Netanyahu, goes down well with American Christian Evangelical voters, an important part of his electoral base. The "friends of America" alliance against Iran should work more smoothly if the Gulf Arabs can be open, rather than secretive, about their relations with Israel. President Trump's so-called "Deal of the Century" to make peace between Israel and the Palestinians is a non-starter. But the "Abraham Accords", as the Israel-UAE agreement is known, is a significant shift in the balance of power in the Middle East and is being presented by the Trump White House as a major foreign policy coup. 4. The Palestinians feel betrayed Once again, they are left holding the wooden spoon. They have condemned the Abraham Accords as a betrayal. The new agreement breaks a long-standing Arab consensus that the price of normal relations with Israel was independence for the Palestinians. But now Israel is cementing new public relationships with Arab states while the Palestinians still languish under occupation in East Jerusalem and the West Bank, and in what amounts to an open prison in Gaza. Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the UAE's de facto ruler, says that his price for the deal was Israel's agreement to stop the annexation of large parts of the West Bank. But Prime Minister Netanyahu seemed to have backed away from the idea, for now at least, because of overwhelming international pressure. The Emiratis offered him a way out of what had become an awkward political cul-de-sac. The Palestinian nervousness will increase now that Bahrain has joined the agreement. That would never have happened without approval by Saudi Arabia. The Saudis were the authors of the Arab peace plan that demanded Palestinian independence. King Salman's status as custodian of Islam's two holiest shrines gives him enormous authority. It is unlikely that he will suddenly recognise Israel. His son and heir, Mohammed bin Salman, might be less reluctant. 5. Iran has a new strategic headache The deal has been roundly condemned by the Iranian leadership. It is more than rhetoric. The Abraham Accords put them under extra strain. President Trump's sanctions are already causing real economic pain. Now they have a strategic headache too. Israel's home airbases are a long flight from Iran. The UAE's are just across the waters of the Gulf. That would be highly significant if there was a return to talk of air strikes against Iran's nuclear sites. Israel, the US, Bahrain and the UAE have a range of new options. The Iranians find their room for manoeuvre has been reduced. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের মধ্যস্থতায় ইসরায়েল এবং সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাতের উচ্চ পর্যায়ের প্রতিনিধিদল আজ হোয়াইট হাউসে এক ঐতিহাসিক শান্তি চুক্তিতে সই করবে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Morsi was overthrown by the military in July 2013 following mass protests, a year after he took office as the country's first democratically elected leader. A death sentence handed to the 67-year-old was quashed by an appeals court in 2016, but he remained in prison because of convictions on several charges. He was also facing retrials in two cases. How did he end up in court? Morsi was a leader of the now-banned Islamist movement, the Muslim Brotherhood. He was elected president a year after an uprising brought an end to Hosni Mubarak's 30-year rule. While in power, Morsi was seen by many Egyptians as preoccupied with establishing political control rather than tackling economic and social problems. On the first anniversary of his taking office, opponents of Morsi organised demonstrations that saw millions take to the streets to demand his resignation. Three days later, then military chief - and now president - Abdul Fattah al-Sisi overthrew Morsi. The authorities subsequently launched a crackdown on supporters of Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood in which hundreds were killed and tens of thousands detained. Morsi and his top advisers were held incommunicado by the military for several months before prosecutors began filing charges against them. He was first detained at a high-security prison near the Mediterranean city of Alexandria, and then moved to Tora prison outside Cairo. What was Morsi convicted of? DETENTION AND TORTURE OF PROTESTERS Morsi was sentenced to 20 years of hard labour in April 2015 after being found guilty of ordering the unlawful detention and torture of opposition protesters during clashes with Muslim Brotherhood supporters outside the Ittihadiya presidential palace in Cairo in December 2012. Morsi was, however, cleared of inciting Brotherhood supporters to murder two protesters and a journalist - a charge that could have carried the death penalty. In October 2016, Egypt's top appeals court, the Court of Cassation, confirmed Morsi's conviction and the 20-year sentence. LEADING AN ILLEGAL GROUP In June 2015, Morsi was sentenced to 25 years in prison after being convicted of "leading a group established against the law" - the Brotherhood - and a further 15 years for "facilitating the leaking of classified documents to Qatar". Prosecutors alleged that Morsi's aides had been paid $1m (£800,000) to leak documents to Qatari intelligence and the Qatar-owned Al Jazeera TV network that included details on the location of, and weapons held by, the Egyptian armed forces and on Egypt's foreign and domestic policies. In September 2017, the Court of Cassation acquitted Morsi of facilitating the leaking of classified documents, but upheld the conviction of leading an illegal group and the 25-year sentence. INSULTING THE JUDICIARY Morsi was accused of insulting the judiciary by naming a judge in a public speech and accusing him of overseeing fraud in previous elections He was found guilty and sentenced to three years in prison in December 2017. He was also ordered to pay a $60,000 in compensation to the judge. What about his other trials? PRISON BREAKS In May 2015, Morsi was sentenced to death after being convicted of colluding with foreign militants - from the Palestinian Islamist group Hamas and Lebanon's Shia Islamist Hezbollah movement - to organise a mass prison break during the 2011 uprising. He was found guilty of the murder and kidnapping of guards, damaging and setting fire to prison buildings, and looting the prison's weapons depot. In November 2016, the Court of Cassation overturned the conviction and ordered a retrial. Last December, Morsi faced his predecessor Hosni Mubarak in court, as the latter testified during the retrial. No verdict had been reached before Morsi's death. CONSPIRING WITH FOREIGN ARMED GROUPS Morsi was also given a life sentence - equivalent to 25 years - in May 2015 after being convicted of conspiring to commit terrorist acts with foreign organisations to undermine national security. Prosecutors alleged that the Brotherhood had hatched a plan in 2005 to send "elements" to military camps run by Hamas in the Gaza Strip, Hezbollah in Lebanon, and the Revolutionary Guards force in Iran. In November 2016, the Court of Cassation overturned the conviction and ordered a retrial. Morsi was attending a session of this retrial when he died. The public prosecutor said he had collapsed in the defendants' cage shortly after addressing the court. What did Morsi say about the trials? Morsi rejected the authority of the courts. At the start of his first trial in November 2013, he shouted from the dock that he was the victim of a "military coup". "I am Egypt's legitimate president. You have no right to conduct a trial into presidential matters," he asserted. After that, Morsi was forced to sit in soundproof glass cages in courtrooms, which officials said were designed to prevent him disrupting proceedings. Morsi's supporters said the trials were politically motivated and attempts to give legal cover to a coup. Human rights activists have said the trials were compromised by due process violations, the appearance of bias, and an absence of conclusive evidence. | মিশরের সাবেক প্রেসিডেন্ট মোহাম্মদ মোরসি মারা গেছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Orla GuerinBBC International Correspondent, Istanbul It was the one of the fastest growing outbreaks in the world - worse than China or the UK. There were fears that the death toll would soar turning Turkey into another Italy, which was then the hardest hit country. Three months on that hasn't happened, even without a total lockdown. The official death toll is 4,397. Some doctors here dispute that, claiming the real figure could be twice as high because Turkey only includes those who test positive. Either way, in the horrific annals of the Covid-19 era, it's a relatively low number for a population of 83 million. An unusual lockdown Experts warn it is hard to reach conclusions and compare statistics while countries are still burying their dead. But Turkey has "clearly averted a much bigger disaster", according to Dr Jeremy Rossman, Lecturer in Virology at the University of Kent. "Turkey fits in the category of several countries that responded fairly quickly with testing, tracing, isolation and movement restrictions," he told the BBC. "It's a fairly small club of countries that have been quite effective in reducing the viral spread." As the virus multiplied, the authorities subtracted key pieces from the jigsaw of daily life - no trips to the coffee shop, no shopping in crowded markets, no communal prayers at the mosque. The over-65s and under-20s were locked down completely, weekend curfews were imposed, and major cities were sealed off. Istanbul was the centre of the epidemic. The city lost its rhythm, like a heart that keeps missing a beat. How Turkey tracks the virus Now restrictions are gradually easing, but Dr Melek Nur Aslan remains on alert. She's director of public health for the district of Fatih, a heavily populated area in the heart of old Istanbul. Dr Aslan, who is articulate, and energetic, leads a contract-tracing operation. Across Turkey there are 6,000 teams. "We feel we are in a war," she tells me. "People forget to go home. We say 'OK eight hours is completed' but they don't even care about going home because they know this is a duty they have to complete, before it spreads to anyone else." Dr Aslan says they began tracking the virus on day one - 11 March - thanks to decades of experience tracking measles. "Those plans were ready," she says. "We just got them off the shelf and started using them." We join two young doctors in the narrow streets of Fatih, equipped with an app, and clad in Hazmat suits. They head for an apartment block where two flatmates in their twenties have been in quarantine. Their friend is Covid-19 positive. The women are framed in the doorway of their apartment, both in face masks, and one wearing a headscarf. They are tested on the spot for Covid-19 and will get the results within 24 hours. It's just a day since they started showing mild symptoms. Nazli Demiralp, 29, is grateful for the prompt response. "We follow foreign news," she says, "and when we first heard about the virus we were really scared. But Turkey has rallied faster than we thought - much faster than Europe and the United States. " Turkey embraces hydroxychloroquine The country has public health lessons to offer, according to acting head of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Turkey, Dr Irshad Shaikh. "Initially we were worried," he told the BBC. "They were having 3,500 positive cases per day. But what has worked is testing. And they did not have to wait five or six days for results." He also credits the quarantine, isolation and contract tracing measures but says it's too soon to judge Turkey's treatment protocol for patients. Controversially that includes the anti-malarial drug, hydroxychloroquine, as standard. It's much touted by President Donald Trump - but has been roundly rejected by the latest international research. The WHO has temporarily suspended it from their trial of possible treatments for the virus. That followed research published in the Lancet which suggested hydroxychloroquine can cause cardiac problems in Covid-19 patients, and could do more harm than good. We were given access to a hospital where it has been part of the standard treatment for thousands of patients. The Dr Sehit Ilhan Varank hospital, a two-year old-state hospital, is also state of the art. It's a bright, spacious battlefront against the virus. Chief doctor Nurettin Yiyit - whose art work is on the hospital walls - says it's key to use hydroxychloroquine early. "Other countries are using this drug too late," he says, "especially the United States. We only use it at the beginning. We have no hesitation about this drug. We believe it's effective because we get the results." On a tour of the hospital, adding and subtracting protective layers as we go, he explains that Turkey's approach is to "get ahead of the virus", by treating early and treating aggressively. They use hydroxychloroquine and other drugs, along with blood plasma and oxygen in high concentrations. Dr Yiyit is proud of his hospital's mortality rate of under 1%, and of the empty beds in the intensive care unit. They try to keep patients out of here, and off ventilators. We meet 40-year old Hakim Sukuk who has left the ICU and is homeward bound, brimming with gratitude. "Everyone took care of me so well," he said, sitting up in bed. "It was like being in my mother's arms." Not over yet The government's handling of the pandemic has not been given a clean bill of health by the Turkish Medical Association. It says there were many mistakes in Ankara's "inadequate" response to the pandemic, including leaving borders open for too long. However, Turkey is getting some credit from the WHO. "This is a young outbreak," said Dr Shaikh. "But we would expect more people to be severely sick. Something is going right." Turkey has advantages in the fight against Covid-19, including a young population and a high number of ICU beds. Despite this, new cases continue to be recorded, currently at the rate of about 1,000 a day. While the country is being seen as a success story, there's still plenty of caution because the story isn't over yet. | তুরস্কে করোনাভাইরাস সংক্রমণের অস্তিত্ব জানা গিয়েছিল ১১ ই মার্চ। এরপর থেকে বেশ দ্রুত দেশের প্রতিটি জায়গায় সংক্রমণ ছড়িয়ে পড়ে। একমাসের মধ্যেই তুরস্কের সবগুলো প্রদেশ আক্রান্ত হয়। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | People have expressed anger and disbelief that such a large quantity of potentially explosive material was kept inside a warehouse without any safety measures for more than six years, so close to the centre of the city. The government has not named the source of the ammonium nitrate, but the same amount of the chemical arrived in Beirut in November 2013 on a Moldovan-flagged cargo ship, the MV Rhosus. The Russian-owned vessel set sail that September from Batumi, Georgia, heading to Beira, Mozambique. It was carrying 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate, which typically comes in the form of small pellets that are widely used as agricultural fertiliser but can also be mixed with fuel oil to make explosives for the mining and construction industries. While sailing through the eastern Mediterranean the Rhosus suffered "technical problems" and was forced to dock at Beirut's port, according to a 2015 report for industry newsletter Shippingarrested.com that was written by Lebanese lawyers who represented the crew. The Rhosus was inspected by port officials and "forbidden from sailing", the lawyers said. Most of the crew were repatriated, except for the Russian captain, Boris Prokoshev, and three others, who were reportedly Ukrainians. Mr Prokoshev told the BBC on Friday that the Rhosus only stopped off in Beirut because its owner had money trouble. The captain said he was told the ship needed to collect an additional cargo of heavy machinery, to fund passage through the Suez Canal. However, the machinery proved too heavy to load, and when the ship's owner did not pay the port fees and fine, the Lebanese authorities impounded it, along with the ammonium nitrate, he added. More on the explosion in Beirut Shortly afterwards, the Rhosus was "abandoned by her owners after charterers and cargo concern lost interest in the cargo", according to the lawyers. It was also subject to legal claims from creditors. Meanwhile, the crew still confined to the vessel were running out of food and supplies. The lawyers said they applied to the Judge of Urgent Matters in Beirut for an order authorising them to return home, emphasising "the danger the crew was facing given the 'dangerous' nature of the cargo" in the ship's holds. The judge eventually agreed to allow the crew to disembark and in 2014 the port authorities transferred the ammonium nitrate into "Warehouse 12", next to the grain silos. The lawyers said the cargo was "awaiting auctioning and/or proper disposal". Mr Prokoshev said authorities in Beirut knew how dangerous the vessel's cargo was and should not have stored it at the port. "They should have paid the ship owner to take the ship away. A couple of hundred thousand dollars just to remove it and not have that headache there, in the port. But they wouldn't release it. Is that sensible?" "I understand - they wanted the money. But if they'd have known there would be an explosion like that, they wouldn't have done it." The port's general manager, Hassan Koraytem, and the director general of Lebanese Customs, Badri Daher, both said on Wednesday that they and other officials repeatedly warned the judiciary about the danger posed by the stored ammonium nitrate and the need to remove it. Documents circulated online appeared to show that customs officials sent letters to a Judge of Urgent Matters in Beirut seeking guidance on how to sell or dispose of it at least six times from 2014 to 2017. Mr Koraytem told local channel OTV that State Security also sent warning letters. Public Works Minister Michel Najjar, who took office at the start of this year, told Al Jazeera that he only learned about the presence of the ammonium nitrate in late July and that he spoke to Mr Koraytem about the matter on Monday. A fire appears to have triggered the detonation of the ammonium nitrate the next day. The blast killed at least 137 people and injured about 5,000 others, while dozens are still missing. President Michel Aoun said the failure to deal with the Rhosus' cargo was "unacceptable" and promised to "hold those responsible and those who were negligent accountable, and serve them the most severe punishment". The government has ordered officials involved in storing or guarding the ammonium nitrate to be put under house arrest pending an investigation. | লেবানন সরকার বৈরুত বন্দরে ভয়াবহ বিস্ফোরণের জন্য বন্দরের গুদামঘরে ২,৭৫০ টন অ্যামোয়িাম নাইট্রেটের মজুতে আগুন ধরে যাওয়াকে দোষারোপ করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | When the Wild Boars football team was located deep inside the cave, after being missing for a week, the Adelaide anaesthetist abandoned his holiday in Thailand and volunteered to help. He went in to assess the boys' health and stayed with them for three days. It was under his direction that the weakest boys were first led out with the others successfully following in the complex operation. Dr Harris, known as Harry, is believed to have been one of the last rescuers out of the cave. But relief and celebration were suddenly cut short by personal tragedy - on Wednesday it emerged that Dr Harris's father had died shortly after the rescue's finish. His employer, South Australia's ambulance service, said his family's grief had been "magnified" by the physical and emotional demands of the rescue operation. "It has been a tumultuous week with highs and lows," Dr Andrew Pearce from MedSTAR said, asking for privacy. "Harry is a quiet and kind man who did not think twice about offering his support on this mission." 'Integral part of the rescue' Dr Harris was specifically identified by British divers and requested by the "highest levels" of the Thai government to join the rescue, according to the Australian government. "He was an integral part of the rescue attempt," said Foreign Affairs Minister Julie Bishop who added that the doctor was internationally renowned for his cave rescue expertise. "[The Australians] have been a big help, especially the doctor," the leader of the rescue mission, acting Chiang Rai governor Narongsak Osotanakorn told an Australian Nine News reporter on Wednesday. "Very good. The very best," he said in reference to Dr Harris. His friend Sue Crowe told the BBC the doctor was an unassuming and selfless family man, whose calm presence would have comforted the boys in the cave. "He is brilliant with children, and he would have made sure that they were prepared in the best possible way from a cave-diving perspective," she said. "He would have been the perfect person to support them." On social media, there has been an outpouring of gratitude directed towards him. Many have called for him to be made Australian of the Year - the nation's highest civic honour - while the government has indicated there will be some formal recognition. The experienced diver, also an underwater photographer, has completed several cave-diving expeditions in Australia, New Zealand, Christmas Island and China. One tragic expedition in 2011, involved the retrieval of the body of his friend, Agnes Milowka, who ran out of air during a cave dive in South Australia. Ms Bishop said the doctor is also known to authorities for his work on medical assistance teams in natural disasters in the Pacific region, and has taken part in Australian aid missions in Vanuatu. "[He] is an extraordinary Australian and he has certainly made a big difference to the rescue effort here in Thailand," she said. She also praised his diving partner, Craig Challen, a vet from Perth who accompanied Dr Harris into the caves. The pair were part of a team of 20 Australians, including police and navy divers, who assisted in the operation. | থাইল্যান্ডে বেড়াতে গিয়েছিলেন অস্ট্রেলিয়ার একজন চিকিৎসক রিচার্ড হ্যারিস। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The space agency's chief, Jim Bridenstine, said that the risk of debris colliding with the ISS had risen by 44% over 10 days due to the test. However he said: "The international space station is still safe. If we need to manoeuvre it we will." India is the fourth country to have carried out such a test. Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the test - Mission Shakti - with great fanfare on 27 March, saying it had established India as a "space power". In an address to employees, Mr Bridenstine sharply criticised the testing of such anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons. He said that Nasa had identified 400 pieces of orbital debris and was tracking 60 pieces larger than 10cm in diameter. Twenty-four of those pieces pose a potential risk to the ISS, he said. "That is a terrible, terrible thing to create an event that sends debris in an apogee that goes above the International Space Station. And that kind of activity is not compatible with the future of human spaceflight that we need to see have happen." A day after India successfully carried out its ASAT test, acting US defence secretary Patrick Shanahan warned that the event could create a "mess" in space but said Washington was still studying the impact. Delhi has insisted it carried out the test in low-earth orbit, at an altitude of 300km (186 miles), to not leave space debris that could collide with the ISS or satellites. "That's why we did it at lower altitude, it will vanish in no time," G Satheesh Reddy, the chief of India's Defence Research and Development Organisation, told Reuters in an interview last week. Mr Bridenstine said that it was true that this would eventually happen. "The good thing is, it's low enough in Earth orbit that over time this will all dissipate," he said. China provoked international alarm with a similar test in 2007. The Nasa chief said "a lot" of the debris created by that test remained in orbit. The US military is in total tracking about 10,000 pieces of space debris, nearly a third of which is said to have been created by the Chinese test. Arms control advocates have expressed concern about the increasing militarisation of space. ASAT technology would allow India to take out the satellites of enemy powers in any conflict, and the test is likely to fuel the growing regional rivalry between India and China. The announcement also angered opposition parties in India, who have accused Mr Modi of using the test as a political stunt ahead of a general election. Indians will begin voting in national elections on 11 April. | ভারতের সাম্প্রতিক অ্যান্টি-স্যাটেলাইট টেস্ট বা স্যাটেলাইট ধ্বংস পরীক্ষা আন্তর্জাতিক মহাকাশ স্টেশনকেও বিপদের মুখে ফেলতে পারে, নাসা প্রকাশ্যে এই অভিযোগ করার পর ভারত এদিন তা জোরালোভাবে অস্বীকার করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Sooty rain fell down the east coast, from Sydney to Melbourne, with "torrential" rain reported in some parts of New South Wales (NSW). Officials said temperatures would soar again by Friday. They also said huge fires in Victoria and NSW could meet to create a larger "mega blaze". "There is no room for complacency," NSW state Premier Gladys Berejiklian warned on Monday. "This morning it is all about recovery, making sure people who have been displaced have somewhere safe." Despite the respite, haze pollution remained dangerously high. Victoria's Bureau of Meteorology warned that visibility in Melbourne was less than 1km (0.62 miles) in many parts of the city and its surroundings. The Insurance Council of Australia said there had been almost 9,000 claims, amounting to A$700m (£369m), for fire-related damage and destruction since the blazes began in September. Australia's Treasurer Josh Frydenberg told ABC it was "too early to tell" what the full economic impact of the fires would be. Twenty-five people have died since September and more than 1,500 homes have been destroyed. What is the latest? The easing of conditions meant valuable supplies could be taken to affected areas on Monday. The army said it had sent supplies, personnel, and vehicles to Kangaroo Island off near the city of Adelaide in South Australia. The island has been devastated by bushfires, with two people killed last week. The army also sent out reconnaissance and assistance missions in NSW and Victoria. Hundreds of properties were destroyed at the weekend. Rural towns and major cities saw red skies, falling ash and smoke that clogged the air. But by Monday there were no emergency warnings, following the weather change. NSW's Rural Fire Service said firefighters were using the "more favourable conditions" to work on strengthening containment lines. "Use this time as well to prepare your property and discuss your bush fire survival plan with your family, ahead of forecast worsening conditions this Friday," it urged local residents. Victoria Emergency Management Commissioner Andrew Crisp warned "it will warm up" and the fires "will take off again". "This will be a changing, dynamic situation," he said, warning it was "inevitable" the fires would join across the border. On Monday morning, there was only around 10km between a blaze in Victoria's Corryong and two burning at Kosciuszko National Park in NSW. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Scott Morrison said A$2bn ($1.4bn; £1.1bn) would be committed to recovery over the next two years. At the weekend, a fundraiser launched by comedian Celeste Barber for fire services in NSW raised more than A$35m in just 48 hours. A number of celebrities have also donated money to support firefighting efforts in recent days - among them US singer Pink, and Oscar-winner Nicole Kidman, who pledged $500,000 each. And on Monday, pop star Kylie Minogue tweeted she had donated too: Turning from orange to grey Simon Atkinson, BBC News in Eden, NSW With its drizzle and grey horizon, the wharf at Eden could almost be an English coastal town. It's hard to fathom that on Saturday night - as fire threatened and skies turned orange - this was where hundreds of people fled to perceived safety near the water. Most have now left: some to their homes as the fire threat eased, others to evacuation centres in bigger towns after authorities warned the wharf wasn't a safe option. The rain is a welcome surprise, and has given some respite from the smoke-filled air. But with hot dry conditions predicted later in the week, Eden's people - like many in this corner of the country - are in limbo. And the navy ship lurking off the coast - poised to help in rescue mission - is another reminder this is far from over. What is the government doing? Australia is fighting one of its worst bushfire seasons, fuelled by record temperatures and months of drought. At the weekend, Mr Morrison warned the crisis might go on for months. He announced the creation of a recovery agency to help those who have lost homes and businesses in the fires. Mr Morrison has faced fierce criticism for his response - including for taking a holiday to Hawaii during the crisis. Former Foreign Minister Julie Bishop - and Mr Morrison's Liberal Party colleague - said the prime minister was "doing the best he can", but urged the government to act on climate change. "We don't have a national energy policy in this country and a national approach to climate change," she said. "If a country like Australia fails to show leadership, we can hardly blame other nations for not likewise showing leadership in this area." | অবশেষে অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় বৃষ্টি নেমেছে আর তাপমাত্রাও কমেছে-কিন্তু কর্তৃপক্ষ সতর্ক করে বলেছে, দেশটিতে বুশফায়ার বলে পরিচিত যে দাবানল জ্বলছে তা আবারো বেগবান হবে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | She said the "anti-Muslim display likening me to a terrorist" encouraged threats of violence against her. West Virginia Republicans said they did not support hate speech and had told the exhibitor to remove the poster. Ms Omar was elected last November, one of the first two Muslim women to have been elected to the US Congress. The poster at Friday's West Virginia Republican Day in the state legislature in the town of Charleston showed her and the burning twin towers in New York alongside the words: "Never forget - you said. I am the proof - you have forgotten." In response Ms Omar said the image showed why she was the target of threats. "No wonder I am on the 'hitlist' of a domestic terrorist and 'Assassinate Ilhan Omar' is written on my local gas stations," she said. "Look no further, the GOP's [Republican] anti-Muslim display likening me to a terrorist rocks in state capitols and no one is condemning them." Ms Omar's mention of a hitlist appears to refer to an alleged plot by a self-proclaimed white nationalist. Christopher Paul Hasson had a cache of weapons and a list of targets including Ms Omar and other prominent Democratic politicians. The poster of Ms Omar was next to a poster for ACT for America, West Virginia Public Broadcasting reported. The Southern Poverty Law Center, a rights group, lists ACT for America as "an anti-Muslim hate group". However, ACT said in a statement that it had nothing to do with the poster of Ms Omar and had a "zero-tolerance policy towards discrimination". West Virginia House of Delegates member Anne Lieberman later resigned after she was accused in the House of making an Islamophobic remark. Democratic Delegate Michael Angelucci said that during the row over the poster Anne Lieberman said all Muslims were terrorists. Ms Lieberman declined to comment when contacted by AP news agency. Last month Ms Omar apologised for tweets implying US lawmakers only supported Israel because of lobby money. "Anti-Semitism is real and I am grateful for Jewish allies and colleagues who are educating me on the painful history of anti-Semitic tropes," she said. | আমেরিকান কংগ্রেসের সদস ইলহান ওমর ১১ই সেপ্টেম্বরের জঙ্গী হামলার সঙ্গে তাকে জড়িয়ে একটি পোস্টার প্রদর্শনের নিন্দা করেছেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | A mob assaulted and partially stripped the 21-year-old woman after a Sudanese student's car ran over and killed a local woman on Sunday night. The woman and her three friends - all Tanzanians - were attacked as they were passing by the accident site. The crowd chased the young woman and "removed her top", police said. India's Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj tweeted on Wednesday that she was deeply pained over the "shameful incident", and asked the chief minister of Karnataka state - of which Bangalore is the capital - to "ensure safety and security of all foreign students and stringent punishment for the guilty". Police said a mob gathered in Hessarghatta area on Sunday night after an allegedly drunk student from Sudan ran his car over a woman sleeping on the roadside. The mob beat up the man and set fire to his car, but he managed to escape. The four Tanzanian students, including the woman, were attacked when they stopped to ask what had happened. The mob also set their car on fire. A senior police official said "her top was torn and removed, but there was no sexual assault". Bangalore police chief NS Megharikh told BBC Hindi's Imran Qureshi that it "was a case of road rage and nothing to do with racism or friction between locals and African students". But Tanzania's High Commissioner to India, John WH Kijazi, told the ANI news agency said that "the student was attacked because of her race and colour". "There was an element of mob justice to the attack, and that the case was a work in progress," he said. Bangalore, a hub for global software firms often called India's Silicon Valley, is home to hundreds of foreign students. Hessarghatta, where Sunday's incident happened, has half a dozen educational institutions where a large number of African students - including 150 from Tanzania - study. | দক্ষিণ ভারতের ব্যাঙ্গালোরে একজন বাংলাদেশি নারীর গণধর্ষণের ঘটনায় ওই শহরের পুলিশ এ পর্যন্ত মোট দশজন অভিযুক্তকে গ্রেপ্তার করেছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Divya AryaBBC News, Delhi The amendment to the Prevention Of Child Sex Offences (Pocso) act was made at the behest of Women and Child Development Minister Maneka Gandhi, who said she believed this would deter sexual crimes against children. It came soon after a series of high-profile cases against children, including the rape and murder of an eight-year-old girl in Indian-administered Kashmir, and the more recent rape of a young girl in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. India's official crime data show the number of reported rapes of children increased from 8,541 in 2012 to 19,765 in 2016. In 2013, following the outrage over the rape and murder of a medical student aboard a moving bus in the capital Delhi, the government announced that the death penalty would be applicable to those convicted of rape resulting in death. The new amendments will enable a court to hand out a death penalty to someone convicted of raping a child under 12, even if it does not result in death. Despite these changes to the law, however, India is a country that is reluctant to carry out the death penalty. It is currently prescribed only for the "rarest of rare" cases - the interpretation of which is left to the court. The country's last execution was on 30 July 2015. Although welcomed by many, the new amendment has also been criticised by a number of activists who have questioned whether the death penalty is really an effective deterrent. This is a question that has been debated around the world - does toughening the sentence actually reduce crimes? Some evidence from neighbouring countries would suggest otherwise. Deterrent to conviction? Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan all hand out the death penalty for rape and many Indians in favour of the death penalty often point to these countries as those who "do not tolerate rape". A common narrative is also that there are fewer incidents of rape in these countries. Experts in the region say that a major argument against imposing the death penalty for rape is that it actually deters the system from handing out convictions. "Even though under the law, rape is treated on a par with terror, nothing has changed. Rape and gang rape cases are progressively increasing while conviction rates remain abysmally low," Zainab Malik, of the Lahore-based not-for-profit legal rights firm Justice Project Pakistan, told the BBC. She says that it is because the "police are biased against women and are hesitant to even register cases of gang rape as that would mean the death penalty for a group of men. To circumvent that, often the case would be registered against one man only." Activists in the country say that in many cases police tend to broker compromises, encouraging survivors, under threat or coercion, to withdraw their complaint, so that the accused is set free on the basis of "low probability of conviction". This has become a similar concern in Bangladesh, where the parliament brought in the Oppression of Women and Children (Special Provisions) Act in 1995 to facilitate stringent punishments, including the death penalty for crimes such as rape, gang rape, acid attacks and trafficking of children. But here again, the severity of the punishments meant many of the accused walked free due to "insufficient evidence" and because there was no option of a less harsh sentence. 'Added burden for victims' This concern has been voiced by many Indian activists who oppose the death penalty for rape. "Under-reporting is a problem because the perpetrators are mostly known to the victims and there are all sorts of dynamics at play that cause victims and their guardians to not report the crime," said Dr Anup Surendranath, the executive director of Project 39A, a social justice organisation. He added that, in such a context, the death penalty could be a "further burden" since victims will have to grapple with the possibility of "sending a person they know to the gallows". Another issue is that, in many rural areas in particular, there is still massive stigma associated with rape, which means that even stronger laws do not encourage victims to come forward. "Ours is a society where discussion of child sexual abuse is taboo. There is a culture of silence that pervades our homes and our institutions in addressing this issue with the seriousness it deserves," Dr Surendranath said. India has amended its laws to increase accountability of police and other officials dealing with violence against women, which has had a positive impact. But the change is slow and studies suggest that a large number of rapes in India still go unreported. Mohammad Musa Mahmodi, executive director of the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, which also publishes data on rape, said the death penalty on its own would never be enough to deter rape or encourage women to seek help in the justice system. A 2012 report by Human Rights Watch on Afghanistan says: "Rather than finding support from police, judicial institutions, and government officials, women who try to flee abusive situations often face apathy, derision, and criminal sanctions for committing moral crimes." 'Years spent waiting for justice' The slow pace of the justice system has also been cited as an issue. Long-drawn-out trials in India often mean that victims have to wait years before they can get justice. And in cases where the death penalty has been handed out, those convicted have many chances to appeal against their sentence. The men convicted in India's most high-profile rape case in recent years - of a medical student who died of her injuries after being raped in December 2012 - are still appealing against the death penalties handed out by a "fast-track" trial court that in September 2013. Their last appeal was turned down by the Supreme Court in July, but they still have the option of appealing to the president. Another consequence of a prolonged legal process is that it often adds to the victim's suffering. These experiences clearly suggest that punishments like the death penalty can potentially have a negative impact on the survivor's access to justice. Robust laws would in fact have a very limited impact in reducing the crime unless they are accompanied with a change in the attitudes of the police, judiciary, government officers and society. Additional research by Shadab Nazmi | ভারতের কেন্দ্রীয় মন্ত্রীসভা শনিবার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে যে ১২ বছর বয়স পর্যন্ত কোনও শিশুকে ধর্ষণ করার জন্য এবার থেকে ফাঁসির সাজা দেওয়া হবে। আইন সংশোধন করতে একটি অর্ডিন্যান্স জারির সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া হয়েছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The soldiers were sentenced in 2018 to 10 years in prison for the Inn Din village killings, but they "are no longer detained", prison officials say. Reuters, which uncovered the massacre and first reported the early releases, said the men were freed in November. They are the only people to have been convicted for the 2017 crackdown on Rohingya in the western Rakhine State. More than 700,000 people fled the country as a result of the military operation there. On Monday, a spokesperson for the prison department told reporters that the seven soldiers convicted over the Inn Din executions were "no longer detained in our prisons," without giving further details. One of the soldiers confirmed to Reuters that he had been released but declined to comment further, saying: "We were told to shut up." Two fellow inmates told the news agency that the release came in November - less than a year into the 10-year prison term. The journalists who exposed the massacre were sentenced to seven years in prison for their reporting. Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo were granted a presidential amnesty in May after serving 16 months. Authorities launched a probe into the Inn Din killings after the journalists' investigative work was published. The massacre - and the jailing of the journalists investigating it - is seen by observers as indicative of the army's role in the treatment of Rohingya in Myanmar, also known as Burma. What was the Inn Din massacre? The final report by Reuters gathered testimonies from a range of participants, including Buddhist villagers who confessed to killing Rohingya Muslims and torching their homes. Accounts from paramilitary police also directly implicated the military. A group of Rohingya men seeking safety on a beach were singled out as their village was raided, the report said. Buddhist men from the village were then ordered to dig a grave and then the 10 men were killed, at least two hacked to death by the Buddhist villagers with the rest shot by the army. This was thought to be the first time soldiers had been implicated with photographic evidence and by fellow security personnel. Who was jailed? The military eventually confirmed the massacre had taken place and in April 2018, 10 soldiers were sentenced to prison for their involvement in the killings. The soldiers were to serve 10 years of hard labour for "contributing and participating in murder". The two journalists were arrested before their findings were published, after being handed documents by two policemen who they had met at a restaurant for the first time. They were charged with violating the country's Official Secrets Act. But a police witness testified during their trial that the restaurant meeting was a set-up to entrap the men. Aside from the Inn Din killings, the military exonerated itself of any wrongdoing in Rakhine, despite large amounts of testimony from Rohingya refugees describing atrocities. | মিয়ানমারে দশ জন রোহিঙ্গা পুরুষ এবং বালককে হত্যার অভিযোগে যে সাত সেনা সদস্যকে কারাদণ্ড দেয়া হয়েছিল তাদের দণ্ডভোগ শেষ হওয়ার অনেক আগেই জেল থেকে ছেড়ে দেয়া হয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The directive from the Gulf kingdom's Supreme Court says flogging will be replaced by imprisonment or fines. It says this is an extension of human rights reforms brought by King Salman and his son, the country's de facto ruler Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Saudi Arabia has been criticised over the jailing of dissidents, and the killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Campaigners say Saudi Arabia has one of the worst records for human rights in the world, with freedom of expression severely curtailed and critics of the government subject to what they say is arbitrary arrest. 'Bad image' The last time that flogging in Saudi Arabia hit the headlines was in 2015 when blogger Raif Badawi was subjected to the punishment in public, reportedly after being convicted of cybercrime and insulting Islam. He had been due to receive 1,000 lashes in weekly beatings but global outrage and reports that he nearly died put a stop to that part of his sentence. BBC Arab affairs editor Sebastian Usher says it was clearly bad for Saudi Arabia's image. Now, the practice looks like it will be done away with entirely. But waves of arrests of every type of dissident under the king and the crown prince - including of women's rights campaigners - undercut this claim, our reporter says. Earlier on Friday, the most prominent Saudi human rights campaigner died in jail after a stroke which fellow activists say was due to medical neglect by the authorities. | বিভিন্ন সংবাদ মাধ্যমের কাছে আসা আইনি নথিপত্র থেকে পাওয়া তথ্য অনুযায়ী শাস্তি হিসেবে দোররা বা চাবুক মারার প্রথা বিলুপ্ত করতে যাচ্ছে সৌদি আরব। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The research found that facts were less important to some than the emotional desire to bolster national identity. Social media analysis suggested that right-wing networks are much more organised than on the left, pushing nationalistic fake stories further. There was also an overlap of fake news sources on Twitter and support networks of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The findings come from extensive research in India, Kenya, and Nigeria into the way ordinary citizens engage with and spread fake news. Participants gave the BBC extensive access to their phones over a seven-day period, allowing the researchers to examine the kinds of material they shared, whom they shared it with and how often. The research, commissioned by the BBC World Service and published today, forms part of "Beyond Fake News" - a series across TV, radio and digital that aims to investigate how disinformation and fake news are affecting people around the world. In all three countries, distrust of mainstream news outlets pushed people to spread information from alternative sources, without attempting to verify it, in the belief that they were helping to spread the real story. People were also overly confident in their ability to spot fake news. The sheer flood of digital information being spread in 2018 is worsening the problem. Participants in the BBC research made little attempt to query the original source of fake news messages, looking instead to alternative signs that the information was reliable. These included the number of comments on a Facebook post, the kinds of images on the posts, or the sender, with people assuming WhatsApp messages from family and friends could be trusted and sent on without checking. Widespread sharing of false rumours on WhatsApp has led to a wave of violence in India, with people forwarding on fake messages about child abductors to friends and family out of a sense of duty to protect loved ones and communities. According to a separate BBC analysis, at least 31 people have been killed in the last two years, and 24 people in the past year alone, in incidents involving rumours spread on social media or messaging apps. We examined one case in detail - the deaths of Nilotpal and Abhishek in Assam - while another reporter travelled to Mexico to see how WhatsApp rumours fuelled similar deadly violence there. The research in Africa suggested that national identity was insignificant in the spread of fake news. In Kenya, scams related to money and technology were a stronger driving force, contributing to around a third of stories shared on WhatsApp, while fake stories relating to terrorism and the army were widely shared in Nigeria. In both countries, health scares were prominent among widely shared fake news stories, and many news consumers visited both credible and fake news sources without distinguishing between them. Researchers spent hundreds of hours with 80 participants across the three countries, interviewing them at home about their media consumption as well as examining how they shared information via WhatsApp and Facebook during a seven-day period. They also conducted extensive analysis of how fake news spreads on Twitter and Facebook in India, to understand whether the spread of fake news was politically polarised. About 16,000 Twitter accounts and 3,000 Facebook pages were analysed. The results showed a strong and coherent promotion of right-wing messages, while left-wing fake news networks were loosely organised, if at all, and less effective. The methodology By Santanu Chakrabarti We set out with this research to try to answer the question of why ordinary citizens spread fake news - a little-understood part of the fake news equation. When a phenomenon is new or not very well understood, qualitative research techniques are useful. These techniques - in this case, in-depth interviews and up-close observation of sharing behaviours - allowed us to explore fake news with nuance, richness and depth. Because we wanted to know what was spreading in encrypted private networks such as WhatsApp, ethnographic approaches - visiting people at home - were essential. This is the first known research project in these countries that uses these methods to understand the fake news phenomenon at the level of ordinary citizens. It is also the first to use data science and network analysis techniques to understand how known sources of fake news are organised on Twitter and Facebook, and what their connections are with audiences. This story is part of a series by the BBC on disinformation and fake news - a global problem challenging the way we share information and perceive the world around us. More stories published today: You can find more stories and more information about this series here. | বিবিসির এক গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে, ভারতে জাতীয়তাবাদের উত্থানের কারণে সাধারণ লোকজন ফেক নিউজ বা ভুয়া খবর ছড়িয়ে দিচ্ছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Chris BaraniukTechnology reporter "Someone had hacked into the systems of the company and planted a small virus," explains co-founder Lars Jensen. "They would then monitor all emails to and from people in the finance department." Whenever one of the firm's fuel suppliers would send an email asking for payment, the virus simply changed the text of the message before it was read, adding a different bank account number. "Several million dollars," says Mr Jensen, were transferred to the hackers before the company cottoned on. After the NotPetya cyber-attack in June, major firms including shipping giant Maersk were badly affected. In fact, Maersk revealed this week that the incident could cost it as much as $300 million (£155 million) in profits. But Mr Jensen has long believed that that the shipping industry needs to protect itself better against hackers - the fraud case dealt with by CyberKeel was just another example. The firm was launched more than three years ago after Mr Jensen teamed up with business partner Morten Schenk, a former lieutenant in the Danish military who Jensen describes as "one of those guys who could hack almost anything". They wanted to offer penetration testing - investigative tests of security - to shipping companies. The initial response they got, however, was far from rosy. "I got pretty consistent feedback from people I spoke to and that was, 'Don't waste your time, we're pretty safe, there's no need'," he recalls. Today, that sentiment is becoming rarer. The consequences of suffering from the NotPetya cyber-attack for Maersk included the shutting down of some port terminals managed by its subsidiary APM. The industry is now painfully aware that physical shipping operations are vulnerable to digital disruption. Breaking into a shipping firm's computer systems can allow attackers to access sensitive information. One of the most serious cases that has been made public concerns a global shipping conglomerate that was hacked by pirates. They wanted to find out which vessels were transporting the particular cargo they planned to seize. A report on the case by the cyber-security team at telecoms company Verizon describes the precision of the operation. "They'd board a vessel, locate by barcode specific sought-after crates containing valuables, steal the contents of that crate - and that crate only - and then depart the vessel without further incident," it states. But ships themselves, increasingly computerised, are vulnerable too. And for many, that's the greatest worry. Malware, including NotPetya and many other strains, is often designed to spread from computer to computer on a network. That means that connected devices on board ships are also potentially vulnerable. "We know a cargo container, for example, where the switchboard shut down after ransomware found its way on the vessel," says Patrick Rossi who works within the ethical hacking group at independent advisory organisation DNV GL. He explains that the switchboard manages power supply to the propeller and other machinery on board. The ship in question, moored at a port in Asia, was rendered inoperable for some time, adds Mr Rossi. Seizing the controls Crucial navigation systems such as the Electronic Chart Display (Ecdis) have also been hit. One such incident is recalled by Brendan Saunders, maritime technical lead at cyber-security firm NCC Group. This also concerned a ship at an Asian port, but this time it was a large tanker weighing 80,000 tonnes. One of the crew had brought a USB stick on board with some paperwork that needed to be printed. That was how the malware got into the ship's computers in the first instance. But it was when a second crew member went to update the ship's charts before sailing, also via USB, that the navigation systems were infected. Departure was consequently delayed and an investigation launched. "Ecdis systems pretty much never have anti-virus," says Mr Saunders, pointing out the vulnerability. "I don't think I've ever encountered a merchant ship Ecdis unit that had anti-virus on it." These incidents are hugely disruptive to maritime businesses, but truly catastrophic scenarios might involve a hacker attempting to sabotage or even destroy a ship itself, through targeted manipulation of its systems. Could that happen? Could, for example, a determined and well-resourced attacker alter a vessel's systems to provoke a collision? "It's perfectly feasible," says Mr Saunders. "We've demonstrated proof-of-concept that that could happen." And the experts are finding new ways into ships' systems remotely. One independent cyber-security researcher, who goes by the pseudonym of x0rz, recently used an app called Ship Tracker to find open satellite communication systems, VSat, on board vessels. In x0rz's case, the VSat on an actual ship in South American waters had default credentials - the username "admin" and password "1234" - and so was easy to access. It would be possible, x0rz believes, to change the software on the VSat to manipulate it. A targeted attack could even alter the co-ordinates broadcast by the system, potentially allowing someone to spoof the position of the ship - although shipping industry experts have pointed out in the past that a spoofed location would likely be quickly spotted by maritime observers. The manufacturer behind the VSat unit in question has blamed the customer in this case for not updating the default security credentials. The unit has since been secured. Safe at sea It's obvious that the shipping industry, like many others, has a lot of work to do on such issues. But awareness is growing. The Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) have both recently launched guidelines designed to help ship owners protect themselves from hackers. Patrick Rossi points out that crew with a poor understanding of the risks they take with USB sticks or personal devices should be made aware of how malware can spread between computers. This is all the more important because the personnel on board vessels can change frequently, as members go on leave or are reassigned. But there are more than 51,000 commercial ships in the world. Together, they carry the vast majority - 90% - of the world's trade. Maersk has already experienced significant disruption thanks to a piece of particularly virulent malware. The question many will be asking in the wake of this and other cases now being made public is: What might happen next? | সাইবারকীল নামের একটি সাইবার সিকিউরিটি ফার্ম একটি মাঝারি সাইজের শিপিং কোম্পানির ই মেল চালাচালি তদন্ত করে দেখছিল। তদন্তে তারা একটি বিরাট জালিয়াতি উদঘাটন করলো। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Hanifa Zaara told the police in a letter that her father had "cheated" her and should therefore be arrested. She said that she was "ashamed" to defecate outside. Many Indians do not have access to toilets and nearly 500 million defecate in the open, according to Unicef. Even where toilets have been built, many do not use them. Hanifa who lives with her parents in Ambur, a town in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, has never had a toilet in her house. She told BBC Tamil's Krithiika Kannan that a few people in her neighbourhood did have the facility. So she asked her father to build a toilet in their house too. She was in nursery at the time. "I was ashamed to go outside and I felt bad when people looked at me," Hanifa said. And she was especially motivated after learning in school about the health problems caused by open defecation. In her letter to the police, she wrote that her father told her he would build the toilet if she topped her class. "I have been topping my class since nursery," she wrote. "I am in the second grade now. And he is still only saying he will do it. This is a form of cheating, so please arrest him." If not arrest, she added, she wanted the police to at least force him to provide her with a signed letter saying by when he would get her the toilet. Her father, Ehsanullah, told BBC Tamil he had actually begun building the toilet, but did not have enough money to complete it. He is currently unemployed. "I asked Hanifa to give me more time but she stopped talking to me because I couldn't keep my promise," he added. But Hanifa is not sympathetic. "How long can I keep asking him for the same thing? He kept giving me the same excuse about not having enough money. So I went to the police." On Monday, she went to the police station closest to her school, along with her mother, Mehareen. "She came with a bag filled with trophies and merit certificates and she arranged them on my desk," police officer A Valarmathi told BBC Tamil. "And then she said, can you give me a toilet?" Ms Valamarthi says she called Mr Ehsanullah, who rushed to the police station, worried that his wife and daughter were in danger. He says he was shocked to find out the reason he had been summoned. After reading the detailed letter Hanifa had written, he said she seemed to have learned how to write official letters by watching him. Mr Ehsanullah often helps villagers fill out paperwork and write letters to local officials and lawmakers. "I never thought this would backfire against me!" he said. Hanifa's efforts have won the sympathy and support of the police. "Her complaint was very honest, so we tried to resolve the issue," officer Valamarthi said. She alerted district officials who now plan to raise money to build more than 500 toilets in Hanifa's neighbourhood. "We were very happy to see her complaint. We organise classes in schools to encourage children to ask their parents for toilets at home," city commissioner S Parthasarathy told BBC Tamil. He said they also want to make her the local face of the national Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Campaign). The government has set a goal to provide every household with a toilet by 2019, but the work has faced some resistance. A recent study found that 89% of rural Indians defecate in the open because they do not want to clean toilets or live close to one - an attitude which, researchers say, is "rooted in the social forces of caste and untouchability". For centuries, the practice of cleaning human waste was a task performed by those from low-caste communities. Hanifa said she was "very happy" with the result of her letter. She hadn't been speaking to her father for the last 10 days but the police brokered peace between them: Hanifa and her father finally shook hands. | টয়লেট বা শৌচাগার বানিয়ে দেয়ার কথা দিয়েও সেটি না রাখায় ভারতের সাত বছরের একটি কন্যা শিশু তার বাবার বিরুদ্ধে পুলিশের কাছে অভিযোগ করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent It is an unparalleled global response to a disease. But when will it end and when will we be able to get on with our lives? Prime Minister Boris Johnson has said he believes the UK can "turn the tide" against the outbreak within the next 12 weeks and the country can "send coronavirus packing". But even if the number of cases starts to fall in the next three months, then we will still be far from the end. It can take a long time for the tide to go out - possibly years. It is clear the current strategy of shutting down large parts of society is not sustainable in the long-term. The social and economic damage would be catastrophic. What countries need is an "exit strategy" - a way of lifting the restrictions and getting back to normal. But the coronavirus is not going to disappear. If you lift the restrictions that are holding the virus back, then cases will inevitably soar. "We do have a big problem in what the exit strategy is and how we get out of this," says Mark Woolhouse, a professor of infectious disease epidemiology at the University of Edinburgh. "It's not just the UK, no country has an exit strategy." It is a massive scientific and societal challenge. There are essentially three ways out of this mess. Each of these routes would reduce the ability of the virus to spread. Vaccines - at least 12-18 months away A vaccine should give someone immunity so they do not become sick if they are exposed. Immunise enough people, about 60% of the population, and the virus cannot cause outbreaks - the concept known as herd immunity. The first person was given an experimental vaccine in the US this week after researchers were allowed to skip the usual rules of performing animal tests first. Vaccine research is taking place at unprecedented speed, but there is no guarantee it will be successful and will require immunisation on a global scale. The best guess is a vaccine could still be 12 to 18-months away if everything goes smoothly. That is a long time to wait when facing unprecedented social restrictions during peacetime. "Waiting for a vaccine should not be honoured with the name 'strategy', that is not a strategy," Prof Woolhouse told the BBC. Natural immunity - at least two years away The UK's short-term strategy is to drive down cases as much as possible to prevent hospitals being overwhelmed - when you run out of intensive care beds then deaths spike. Once cases are suppressed, it may allow some measures to be lifted for a while - until cases rise and another round of restrictions are needed. When this might be is uncertain. The UK's chief scientific advisor, Sir Patrick Vallance, said "putting absolute timelines on things is not possible". Doing this could, unintentionally, lead to herd immunity as more and more people were infected. But this could take years to build up, according to Prof Neil Ferguson from Imperial College London: "We're talking about suppressing transmission at a level whereby, hopefully, only a very small fraction of the country will be infected. "So eventually, if we continued this for two-plus years, maybe a sufficient fraction of the country at that point might have been infected to give some degree of community protection." But there is a question mark over whether this immunity will last. Other coronaviruses, which cause common cold symptoms, lead to a very weak immune response and people can catch the same bug multiple times in their lifetime. Alternatives - no clear endpoint "The third option is permanent changes in our behaviour that allow us to keep transmission rates low," Prof Woolhouse said. This could include keeping some of the measures that have been put in place. Or introducing rigorous testing and isolation of patients to try to stay on top of any outbreaks. "We did early detection and contact tracing the first time round and it didn't work," Prof Woolhouse adds. Developing drugs that can successfully treat a Covid-19 infection could aid the other strategies too. They could be used as soon as people show symptoms in a process called "transmission control" to stop them passing it onto others. Or to treat patients in hospital to make the disease less deadly and reduce pressures on intensive care. This would allow countries to cope with more cases before needing to reintroduce lockdowns. Increasing the number of intensive care beds would have a similar effect by increasing the capacity to cope with larger outbreaks. I asked the UK's chief medical adviser, Prof Chris Whitty, what his exit strategy was. He told me: "Long term, clearly a vaccine is one way out of this and we all hope that will happen as quickly as possible." And that "globally, science will come up with solutions". Follow James on Twitter | পৃথিবী বলতে গেলে বন্ধ হয়ে গেছে। যেসব জায়গা মানুষের পদচারণায় মুখর থাকে, সেগুলো দেখলে এখন ভূতুড়ে মনে হয়। প্রতিদিনের চলাচলের উপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা, স্কুল বন্ধ, ভ্রমণের উপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা, গণ-জমায়েতের উপর বিধিনিষেধ - এসব কারণে এ পরিস্থিতি তৈরি হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Navin Singh KhadkaEnvironment correspondent, BBC World Service But in recent years, the relationship has begun to worsen during the annual monsoon season, which lasts from June to September. Flooding inflames tensions between the neighbours, with angry residents on both sides blaming those across the border for their woes. This year, floods have been wreaking havoc in the region. Dozens have been killed in Nepal, India and Bangladesh, and more than three million people have been displaced in north and north-eastern India. India and Nepal share an open border that stretches for nearly 1,800km (1,118 miles). More than 6,000 rivers and rivulets flow down to northern India from Nepal and they contribute around 70% of the flow of the Ganges river during the dry season. So, when these rivers overflow, floodwaters devastate the plains of Nepal and India. In the last few years, there has been palpable anger on the Nepali side of the border in particular. Nepal blames dyke-like structures along the border that it says block the floodwaters from flowing south into India. During an investigation in eastern Nepal two years ago, the BBC saw structures on the Indian side that appeared to do just this. This was at a location where locals from both sides of the border had clashed in 2016 after Nepal objected to the embankment. Nepali officials say there are around 10 such structures, which inundate thousands of hectares of land in Nepal. Indian officials say they are roads but experts in Nepal say they are embankments that protect Indian border villages from the floods. Gaur, the headquarters of Rautahat district in southern Nepal, remained inundated for three days last week and officials feared clashes. "After much panic, two gates beneath the Indian embankment were opened and it did help us," Krishna Dhakal, the superintendent of the armed police force, told the BBC. Indian officials did not reply to requests for comment. The two countries have been holding meetings on the issue for years now but nothing much has changed. A meeting in May between Nepali and Indian water management officials acknowledged the "ongoing constriction of roads and other structures" along the border but said this should only be discussed through "diplomatic channels". Read more stories about the environment Nepali negotiators and diplomats have faced criticism in their country for not being able to raise the issue effectively with their Indian counterparts. But that's not to say Indians aren't suffering from flooding too. About 1.9m people have been forced out of their homes in the north-eastern state of Bihar alone, the state government said on Monday. Bihar is hit the hardest when major rivers such as the Kosi and Gandaki - which are tributaries of the Ganges - flood, and Nepal is often blamed for opening floodgates and jeopardising settlements downstream. But it's actually the Indian government that operates the barrages on both the rivers even though they are located in Nepal. This is in accordance with the Kosi and Gandak treaties the two countries signed in 1954 and 1959 respectively. The barrages were built by India mainly for flood control, irrigation and hydropower generation. But they have been quite controversial in Nepal because they are seen as not benefiting the local population. The Indian government, on the contrary, points to them as a good example of transboundary water cooperation and management. The Kosi barrage alone has 56 floodgates. Whenever monsoon-induced floods on the river reach "danger" levels, India is criticised for not opening all the gates, which locals say threatens settlements in Nepal. The Kosi, long known as the "sorrow of Bihar", has flooded several times in the past and caused devastation. When it burst through its banks in 2008, thousands died and nearly three million people in Nepal and India were affected. Since the barrage is now nearly 70 years old and there are fears that big floods could damage it, India has been planning to build a dam to the north of the barrage. This too would be located in Nepal. Many of Nepal's rivers flow though the Chure mountain range that has a fragile ecology and is already severely threatened. These hills once checked the flow of the rivers and minimised the damage they could cause, both in Nepal and across the border in India. But deforestation and mining have destabilised the hills. A recent construction boom has led to rampant mining of boulders, pebbles and sand from the river beds in the region. The infrastructure industry in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar is further encouraging the destruction of the area's natural resources. And with all of these natural checks gone, monsoon floods are no longer under control, say officials. A high-profile conservation campaign was launched a few years ago but it fizzled out and the plundering of natural resources has now reached alarming levels. The region's ecology is crucial not just for the future of Nepal's plains, known as the country's breadbasket, but also for Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Nepal faces criticism from India for failing to control deforestation and mining. Now, as climate change makes the monsoon itself erratic, experts fear that the issues between the two neighbours could become far more complicated. | পানি সম্পদের বিষয়টি যখন সামনে আসে তখন নেপাল এবং ভারতের মধ্যকার সম্পর্ক কখনোই সহজ ছিলনা। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Tourists were seen walking inside the crater of White Island volcano moments before Monday's eruption. Twenty-three people have been rescued, but it is unclear how many people remained on the island. Police say aerial reconnaissance flights have not identified any sign of life there. White Island, also called Whakaari, is the country's most active volcano. Despite that, the privately owned island is a tourist destination with frequent day tours and scenic flights available. Police have said fewer than 50 people were on the island when the volcano erupted. Deputy Police Commissioner John Tims told reporters that "both New Zealand and overseas tourists" were believed to be involved. Rescuers are not able to reach the island because of the risk of further eruptions, he added. It is currently night time in the area. Some of those injured are in a critical condition, Radio New Zealand reported. What happened at the volcano? The eruption of White Island began at about 14:11 local time (01:11 GMT). Visitor Michael Schade - who was on a boat leaving the island after a morning tour - filmed a thick plume of ash and smoke as the volcano erupted. He told the BBC he was at the crater just 30 minutes before the eruption. "It was still safe-ish but they were trying to limit the group sizes [of people visiting the volcano]." Describing the eruption, he said: "We had just got on the boat... then someone pointed it out and we saw it. I was basically just shocked. The boat turned back and we grabbed some people that were waiting on the pier." Another witness, Brazilian Allessandro Kauffmann, narrowly missed the eruption. "There were two tours that went to this volcano today. One of them was ours, which was the first. We left five minutes before the volcano erupted," he posted on Instagram in Portuguese. "This other tour that arrived right after, unfortunately they did not manage to leave in time, and there were some people that suffered serious burns." A live feed from the volcano showed a group of visitors inside the crater before images went dark. Who was on the island? New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said: "I know there will be a huge amount of concern and anxiety for those who have loved ones at the island at that time - and I can assure them police are doing everything they can." She said falling ash was hampering attempts by rescuers to get to the site. The New Zealand Defence Force is now helping the rescue operation. A military plane has carried out surveillance and two helicopters and personnel are ready to assist. Police initially said there were 100 people on or near the island, but later revised down the number to 50. Some of them were passengers from the Ovation of the Seas, a cruise ship owned by Royal Caribbean. It is currently at port in Tauranga, a coastal city near White Island. Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison said Australians had "been caught up in this terrible event", adding that authorities were "working to determine their wellbeing". Was there any forewarning of an eruption? On 3 December, geological hazard monitoring website GeoNet warned "the volcano may be entering a period where eruptive activity is more likely than normal", although it added "the current level of activity does not pose a direct hazard to visitors". University of Auckland associate professor Jan Lindsay said the alert level was recently raised from one to two. "There was a heightened level of unrest and everyone was aware," she said. "[The volcano] has a persistently active hydrothermal system... if gases build up under a block of clay or mud they can be released quite suddenly," Prof Lindsay said. "It's possible that there's no magma involved, that it's just a phreatic eruption - a steam eruption. We don't know yet." When asked if visitors should have been on the island, Prof Lindsay said: "It's a difficult question. It's often in a state of heightened unrest. "It's a privately owned island and with lots of private tour operators. It is not part of the conservation estate - and so not under government control. "GNS [New Zealand's geoscience institute] put out their alert bulletins and have good communication with tour companies, and they know what the risk is. " White Island has seen several eruptions over the years, most recently in 2016, but no-one was hurt. Seismologist Ken Gledhill said: "It was kind of almost like a throat-clearing kind of eruption - and that's why material probably won't have made it to mainland New Zealand. "It went up about 12,000 metres into the sky and so... on the scheme of things for volcanic eruptions it's not large, but if you were close to that, it is not good." Are you in the area? If it's safe to share your experiences then please email [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways: | নিউজিল্যান্ডে একটি আগ্নেয়গিরির অগ্ন্যুৎপাতে এ পর্যন্ত অন্তত পাঁচজন নিহত এবং আরও অনেকে নিখোঁজ রয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | In experiments on mice, stem cells that control skin and hair colour became damaged after intense stress. In a chance finding, dark-furred mice turned completely white within weeks. The US and Brazilian researchers said this avenue was worth exploring further to develop a drug that prevents hair colour loss from ageing. Men and women can go grey any time from their mid-30s, with the timing of parental hair colour change giving most of the clues on when. Although it's mostly down to the natural ageing process and genes, stress can also play a role. But scientists were not clear exactly how stress affected the hairs on our heads. Researchers behind the study, published in Nature, from the Universities of Sao Paulo and Harvard, believed the effects were linked to melanocyte stem cells, which produce melanin and are responsible for hair and skin colour. And while carrying out experiments on mice, they stumbled across evidence this was the case. "We now know for sure that stress is responsible for this specific change to your skin and hair, and how it works," says Prof Ya-Cieh Hsu, research author from Harvard University. 'Damage is permanent' Pain in mice triggered the release of adrenaline and cortisol, making their hearts beat faster and blood pressure rise, affecting the nervous system and causing acute stress. This process then sped up the depletion of stem cells that produced melanin in hair follicles. "I expected stress was bad for the body," said Prof Hsu. "But the detrimental impact of stress that we discovered was beyond what I imagined. "After just a few days, all of the pigment-regenerating stem cells were lost. "Once they're gone, you can't regenerate pigment any more - the damage is permanent." In another experiment, the researchers found they could block the changes by giving the mice an anti-hypertensive, which treats high blood pressure. And by comparing the genes of mice in pain with other mice, they could identify the protein involved in causing damage to stem cells from stress. When this protein - cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) - was suppressed, the treatment also prevented a change in the colour of their fur. This leaves the door open for scientists to help delay the onset of grey hair by targeting CDK with a drug. "These findings are not a cure or treatment for grey hair," Prof Hsu told the BBC. "Our discovery, made in mice, is only the beginning of a long journey to finding an intervention for people. "It also gives us an idea of how stress might affect many other parts of the body," she said. | বিজ্ঞানীরা জানিয়েছেন মানসিক চাপে মানুষের চুল কেন সাদা হয়ে যায়, তার প্রতিকার কী কিংবা কিভাবে ঠেকানো যাবে চুল পেকে যাওয়া, সম্ভবত সে রহস্যের সমাধান তারা করতে সমর্থ হয়েছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Michelle RobertsBBC News The biggest global study into attitudes on immunisation suggests confidence is low in some regions. The Wellcome Trust analysis includes responses from more than 140,000 people in over 140 countries. The World Health Organization lists vaccine hesitancy as one of the top 10 threats to global health. You need a modern browser (with JavaScript support) to view this interactive. Do people in your country trust vaccines? Search for a country: Search for a country: People were asked how much they agree with the statement. Select a statement to see results Totals may not sum to 100% due to rounding Wellcome analysed responses to five key survey questions and calculated a "trust in scientists" index of high, medium or low trust. Source: Wellcome Global Monitor, Gallup World Poll 2018 Sorry, there is no data for this location No internet connection. Please try again. If you can't see the interactive tool click or tap here. The global survey reveals the number of people who say they have little confidence or trust in vaccination. When asked if vaccines were safe: When asked if they believed vaccines worked: Why does it matter? There is overwhelming scientific evidence that vaccination is the best defence against deadly and debilitating infections, such as measles. Vaccines protect billions of people around the world. They have completely got rid of one disease - smallpox - and are bringing the world close to eliminating others, such as polio. But some other diseases, such as measles, are making a resurgence and experts say people avoiding vaccines, fuelled by fear and misinformation, is one of the main causes. Dr Ann Lindstrand, an expert in immunisation at the WHO, said the current situation was extremely serious. "Vaccine hesitancy has the potential, at least in some places, to really hinder the very real progress the world has made in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases," she said. "Any resurgence we see in these diseases are an unacceptable step backwards." What about measles? Countries that were close to eliminating measles have been seeing large outbreaks. Data shows a rise in cases in almost every region of the world, with 30% more cases in 2017 than 2016. A decision not to vaccinate, for whatever reason, poses a risk to others as well as the individual from being infected themselves. If enough people are vaccinated, it stops the disease from spreading through a population - something experts call "herd immunity". Imran Khan, from the Wellcome Trust, said: "We are really concerned at the moment because for measles, anything less than 95% coverage can lead to outbreaks and that is what we are seeing." Where was trust low? Some people living in several higher-income regions were among the least certain about vaccine safety. In France - a country among several European ones now experiencing outbreaks of measles - one in three disagreed that vaccines were safe, according to the survey. That was the highest percentage for any country worldwide. People in France were also among the most likely to disagree that vaccines were effective, at 19%, and to disagree that vaccines were important for children to have, at 10%. The French government has now added eight more compulsory vaccinations to the three children in the country already receive. Neighbouring Italy - where 76% agreed vaccines were safe - recently passed a law that allows schools to ban unvaccinated children, or fine their parents, after immunisation rates dwindled. The UK has yet to go this far but Health Secretary Matt Hancock has said he "won't rule out" the idea of introducing compulsory vaccinations if necessary. The US has also been experiencing its own measles outbreak - the biggest to hit the country in decades, with more than 980 confirmed cases in 26 states in 2019 to date. In Northern America, and Southern and Northern Europe, just over 70% of people agreed that vaccines were safe. The figure was as low as 59% in Western Europe, and 50% in Eastern Europe. In Ukraine, which reported the highest number of measles cases in Europe last year (53,218 in total) - only 50% of people agreed vaccines were effective. This figure was 46% in Belarus, 49% in Moldova, and 62% in Russia. Where was trust high? Most people in lower-income areas agreed vaccines were safe. The highest number was in South Asia, where 95% of people agreed, followed by Eastern Africa, where the figure was 92%. Bangladesh and Rwanda had nearly universal agreement about the safety and effectiveness and have achieved very high immunisation rates despite many challenges in physically getting vaccines to people. Rwanda became the world's first low-income country to provide young women universal access to the HPV vaccine that protects against cervical cancer. Mr Khan said: "It shows what can be achieved with concerted effort to improve vaccine uptake." What makes people sceptical? In the survey, people with more trust in scientists, doctors and nurses tended to be more likely to agree that vaccines were safe. Conversely, those who had sought information about science, medicine or health recently appeared to be less likely to agree. The Wellcome report does not explore all of the reasons behind low confidence but researchers say there are likely to be many factors involved. Some of it may be complacency - if a disease has become less common, then the need to get immunised may feel less pressing when weighing the benefits against any possible risk. All medicines, vaccines included, can have side-effects. But vaccines are thoroughly tested to check they are safe and effective. The internet means beliefs and concerns about vaccines can be shared in an instant, spreading information that isn't necessarily based on fact. In Japan, concerns about the HPV vaccine and a reported link with neurological problems were widely publicised, which experts think knocked confidence in immunisation in general. Similarly, in France, there was controversy about a pandemic influenza vaccine - accusations that the government bought high quantities of the vaccine and unsubstantiated claims that it had been made too quickly and couldn't be safe. In the UK, there has been misinformation circulating about the MMR jab and autism. Dr Lindstrand said: "One of the most important interventions to counteract doubts and worries about vaccines is to have health workers really well trained and able and ready to recommend vaccinations based on scientific truth and to be able to respond correctly to questions and concerns that parents have and communities have." Interactive tool produced by Becky Dale and Christine Jeavans; design by Debie Loizou; development by Scott Jarvis and Katia Artsenkova | বিশ্বজুড়েই টিকার ব্যাপারে মানুষের অবিশ্বাস বাড়ছে। বিশেষজ্ঞরা হুঁশিয়ারি দিচ্ছেন যে এর ফলে প্রতিরোধযোগ্য রোগের বিরুদ্ধে মানুষের লড়াই আবার পিছিয়ে যেতে শুরু করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Toby LuckhurstBBC News It was 2-2 after 90 minutes at the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City. This was the third game between Honduras and El Salvador in as many weeks; qualification for the 1970 World Cup in Mexico was at stake, a competition neither country had ever competed in before. Honduras won the first leg 1-0 in their capital Tegucigalpa, only for El Salvador to triumph 3-0 at home in San Salvador. Reports of violence marred both games. As the deciding match entered the 11th minute of extra time, El Salvador's Mauricio "Pipo" Rodríguez sprinted into the penalty area to meet a cross and slid the ball past Honduran goalkeeper Jaime Varela. "When I scored the goal, I thought it's not possible with so little time left for them to draw with us," Rodríguez says, 50 years after the critical match. "I was sure with that goal we would win." El Salvador held on to triumph 3-2. The players hugged, shook hands, and left the pitch. Within three weeks, their countries were at war. El Salvador - roughly the size of Wales - had a population of about 3 million in 1969. Most of the country was controlled by a landowning elite, leaving very little space for poorer Salvadoran farmers. Honduras - similarly dominated by a small number of landowners - was five times as large, and in the same year had a population of about 2.3 million. As a result, throughout the 20th Century, Salvadorans had been moving to Honduras to take advantage of the more available farmland, and to work for the US fruit companies which operated in the country. Roughly 300,000 were living in the neighbouring state by that year. El Salvador's small landowning elite had supported the mass emigration, as it eased pressures on their land and calls for it to be redistributed. But the migrant arrivals caused resentment among Honduran peasants who were fighting for more land from their own elite at the time. So the Honduran government passed an agrarian land reform law to ease the tensions. The authorities focused not on the land owned by the elites and US fruit companies however, but on lands settled by the migrants. Honduran President Oswaldo López Arellano began to deport thousands of Salvadorans home. On top of this were simmering land and sea border disputes, including over a number of islands in the Gulf of Fonseca - a small body of water on the Pacific Coast shared between both countries and Nicaragua. "To a very large extent this war was all about available land, too many people in too small a place, and the ruling oligarchy simply fuelling the fire in connection with the press," said Dan Hagedorn, author of The 100 Hour War, which details the conflict. Salvadoran President Fidel Sánchez Hernández's government struggled to cope with the large numbers of returning migrants, while the country's land owners began pushing for military action, and inflammatory reports about persecution and even allegations of rape and murder appeared in the newspapers. It was in the midst of this rising anger that the countries met on the football pitch. "There were much bigger political matters," said Ricardo Otero, a Mexican sports journalist at broadcaster Univision. "But there was this coincidence of three games to qualify for the 1970 World Cup. It didn't help. Football here [in Latin America] is very, very passionate - for good and for bad." "We felt we had a patriotic duty to win for El Salvador," Rodríguez said. "I think we were all afraid of losing, because in those circumstances it would have been a dishonour that followed us for the rest of our lives. "What we didn't know was the significance of that win and the historical importance of that goal - that it would be used as a symbol of a war." 'What the heck is going on?' On 27 June, as the players prepared for that evening's deciding game in Mexico's capital, El Salvador severed diplomatic ties with Honduras. Interior Minister Francisco José Guerrero said close to 12,000 Salvadorans had left Honduras after the second match, with UK newspaper the Guardian reporting that he blamed "alleged persecution… stemming from an international football match". The day after the game, US news agency UPI ran a piece with the headline "Soccer 'War' Won by El Salvador, 3-2". According to the report, 1,700 Mexican police attended the game to prevent violence and Salvadoran fans chanted "murderers, murderers" from the stands. "People abroad stigmatised it as the goal that started the war," said Rodríguez. "The war would have happened with or without that goal." In the days that followed, border skirmishes intensified. On 14 July, El Salvador ordered its forces to invade Honduras, and launched warplanes to bomb the country. Mr Hagedorn, who was serving in the US Army at the time in the Panama Canal Zone, sat at a desk near to his base's teleprinter. "Whenever we would get any kind of an alert, that machine would start chattering and printing stuff out automatically, on its own," he recalled. "I remember it vividly - it started chattering and it kept on going, kept on going. I said, 'What the heck is going on?'. So we went over and took a look at it - that's when we realised the Salvadorans had invaded Honduras." You may also be interested in: Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuscinski was one of the few foreign correspondents in the area when the invasion began. By his own account, he filed some of the first reports of the conflict from Tegucigalpa that night - taking his turn to use the country's only teleprinter machine, after President López Arellano, who was communicating with his ambassador in the US about the invasion. Kapuscinski later wrote of his time in Honduras and immortalised the conflict's name in his 1978 memoir, The Soccer War. In it, he recounts seeing graffiti saying "Nobody beats Honduras" and "We shall avenge 3-0". By the time the Organization of American States managed to arrange a ceasefire on 18 July, it was thought about 3,000 people had died - the majority Honduran civilians. Many more were displaced by the fighting. Under international pressure, El Salvador withdrew its forces from Honduras in August. And the pain did not end there. Trade ceased between both nations for decades and the border was closed. Dr Mo Hume, lecturer at the University of Glasgow, said the domestic problems in El Salvador that caused the Football War - a small landowning elite and large numbers of dispossessed farmers - would affect the country for decades to come. "The bigger socioeconomic questions that were part and parcel of the football war were the ultimate cause of [El Salvador's] civil war from 1979 to 1992," she said. More than 70,000 people are thought to have died in the conflict. There are still tensions between El Salvador and Honduras. Border disputes between both sides continue to this day, despite an International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruling on the issue. But for the man who scored the fateful goal for El Salvador, it was not rancour that he remembered. "For me, that goal will always be a source of sporting pride," said Rodriguez, who is now 73. "What I am sure of is that the authorities and politicians made use of our sports victory to glorify El Salvador's image." And despite what followed, Rodriguez said the El Salvador team retained an immense "appreciation and respect" for their Honduran opponents. "Neither from the Honduras players nor from our side were the games between enemies, but between sports rivals," he said. | ১৯৬৯ সালে এল সালভেডর এবং হন্ডুরাস চারদিনের একটি যুদ্ধে লিপ্ত হয়েছিল যেখানে হাজার-হাজার মানুষ নিহত এবং বাস্তু-চ্যুত হয়। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The case, which has been bitterly contested for decades by Hindus and Muslims, centres on the ownership of the land in Uttar Pradesh state. Muslims would get another plot of land to construct a mosque, the court said. Many Hindus believe the site is the birthplace of one of their most revered deities, Lord Ram. Muslims say they have worshipped there for generations. At the centre of the row is the 16th Century Babri mosque which was demolished by Hindu mobs in 1992, sparking riots that killed nearly 2,000 people. What did the court say? In the unanimous verdict, the court said that a report by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) provided evidence that the remains of a building "that was not Islamic" was beneath the structure of the demolished Babri mosque. The court said that, given all the evidence presented, it had determined that the disputed land should be given to Hindus for a temple to Lord Ram, while Muslims would be given land elsewhere to construct a mosque. It then directed the federal government to set up a trust to manage and oversee the construction of the temple. However, the court added that the demolition of the Babri mosque was against the rule of law. What has the reaction to the verdict been? Despite warnings by authorities not to celebrate the verdict, BBC correspondents in court say they heard chants of "Jai Shree Ram" (Hail Lord Ram) outside as the judgement was pronounced. "It's a very balanced judgement and it is a victory for people of India," a lawyer for one of the Hindu parties told reporters soon after. Initially, a representative for the Muslim litigants said they were not satisfied and would decide whether to ask for a review after they had read the whole judgement. However, the main group of litigants has now said that it will not appeal against the verdict. Outside the court, the situation has been largely calm. Hundreds of people were detained in Ayodhya on Friday ahead of the verdict, amid fears of violence. Thousands of police officers have also been deployed in the city, while shops and colleges have been shut until Monday. The government issued an order banning the publication of images of the destruction of the Babri mosque. Social media platforms are being monitored for inflammatory content, with police even replying to tweets and asking users to delete them. Prime Minister Narendra Modi reacted to the verdict on Twitter and said that it should not be seen as a "win or loss for anybody". What was arguably one of the world's most contentious property dispute has finally come to an end. The dispute over the plot has polarised, frustrated and exhausted India. The reason is that this is not a humdrum civil matter. It was touched by faith (Hindus believe the plot was the birthplace of Lord Ram, a revered deity) violence (the demolition of the mosque in 1992) and subterfuge (idols of Lord Ram were placed in the mosque surreptitiously in 1949). Saturday's unanimous judgement by the five most senior judges of the court will hopefully lead to some reconciliation that the country badly needs. The verdict showed "judicial craftsmanship and statesmanship where the letter of the law was adhered to, but the relief was moulded, taking into account the ground realities," lawyer Sanjay Hegde told me. The judges appear to have gone by the evidence laid before it. "They have applied a plaster. Let's not reopen the wounds," Mr Hegde added. Will the verdict lead to a closure of past animosities and help close India's deepening religious fissures? Only time will tell. For the moment, India's main communities need to avoid triumphalism - because eventually there are no victors and vanquished, in what is essentially a contestation of faith. What is the row actually about? Many Hindus believe the Babri Masjid was actually constructed on the ruins of a Hindu temple that was demolished by Muslim invaders in the 16th Century. Muslims say they offered prayers at the mosque until December 1949 when some Hindus placed an idol of Ram in the mosque and began to worship the idols. The two religious groups have gone to court many times over who should control the site. Since then, there have been calls to build a temple on the spot where the mosque once stood. Hinduism is India's majority religion and is thought to be more than 4,000 years old. India's first Islamic dynasty was established in the early 13th Century. Have religious tensions eased in India in recent years? Ever since the Narendra Modi-led Hindu nationalist BJP first came to power in 2014, India has seen deepening social and religious divisions. The call for the construction of a Hindu temple in Ayodhya has grown particularly loud, and has mostly come from MPs, ministers and leaders from the BJP since it took office. Restrictions on the sale and slaughter of cows - considered a holy animal by the majority Hindus - have led to vigilante killings of a number of people, most of them Muslims who were transporting cattle. An uninhibited display of muscular Hindu nationalism in other areas has also contributed to religious tension. Most recently, the country's home minister Amit Shah said he would remove "illegal migrants" - understood to be Muslim - from the country through a government scheme that was used recently in the north-eastern state of Assam. | ভারতের অযোধ্যাতে যে বিতর্কিত ধর্মীয় স্থানটি নিয়ে বহু বছর ধরে সংঘাত, সেখানে একটি হিন্দু মন্দির বানানোর পক্ষেই রায় দিয়েছে সে দেশের সুপ্রিম কোর্ট। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Judiciary spokesman Gholamhossein Esmaili told reporters the inmates were allowed out of prison after testing negative for Covid-19 and posting bail. "Security prisoners" sentenced to more than five years will not be let out. The jailed British-Iranian charity worker Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe may be freed soon, according to a British MP. Tulip Siddiq cited the Iranian ambassador to the UK as saying that Ms Zaghari-Ratcliffe "may be released on furlough today or tomorrow". Her husband said on Saturday that he believed she had contracted Covid-19 at Tehran's Evin prison and that authorities were refusing to test her. But Mr Esmaili insisted on Monday that Ms Zaghari-Ratcliffe had subsequently been in contact with her family and "told them about her good health". Ms Zaghari-Ratcliffe was jailed for five years in 2016 after being convicted of espionage charges that she has denied. The UK has also insisted she is innocent. A Foreign Office spokesman said: "We call on the Iranian government to immediately allow health professionals into Evin prison to assess the situation of British-Iranian dual nationals there." What do I need to know about the coronavirus? There have been more than 90,000 reported cases of Covid-19 worldwide and 3,110 deaths since the disease emerged late last year - the vast majority in China. The outbreak in Iran has killed at least 77 people in less than two weeks. On Tuesday, the health ministry said the number of confirmed cases had risen by more than 50% for the second day in a row. It now stands at 2,336, although the real figure is believed to far higher. Cases linked to Iran have also been reported by Afghanistan, Canada, Lebanon, Pakistan, Kuwait, Bahrain, Iraq, Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. A number of senior Iranian officials have contracted the virus. Among the latest is the head of the emergency medical services, Pirhossein Kolivand. Twenty-three of the 290 members of parliament have also tested positive. On Monday, a member of the Expediency Council, which advises Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, died as a result of Covid-19 in Tehran. State media said Mohammad Mirmohammadi, 71, had a close relationship with Ayatollah Khamenei. At a tree-planting ceremony to mark World Wildlife Day on Tuesday, the supreme leader urged the public to observe the health ministry's hygiene guidelines and ordered all government bodies to provide any necessary help to the health ministry. Ayatollah Khamenei also insisted Iranian authorities were not concealing information about the scale of the problem, saying: "Our officials have reported with sincerity and transparency since day one. However, some countries where the outbreak has been more serious have tried to hide it." Iran's outbreak, he added, "will not last long in the country and will pack up". Meanwhile, Health Minister Saeed Namaki said a nationwide screening campaign would begin on Wednesday. Teams will visit patients who are suspected of being infected with Covid-19 and who do not have access to medical services. A team of experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), who arrived in Iran on Monday, is supporting local health authorities. The WHO said they would "review readiness and response efforts, visit designated health facilities, laboratories and points of entry, and provide technical guidance". The plane carrying the experts also contained a shipment of medical supplies and protective equipment to support more than 15,000 healthcare workers, as well as enough laboratory kits to test and diagnose almost 100,000 people. | ইরান ৫৪,০০০ কারাবন্দীকে সাময়িক মুক্তি দিয়েছে। বন্দীতে ঠাসা কারাগারগুলোতে নতুন করোনাভাইরাস ছড়িয়ে পড়া ঠেকাতেই এই উদ্যোগ। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Ahead of his arrival in the US, the crown prince pledged that Riyadh would "enter a nuclear arms race" if Iran ever acquired nuclear weapons. And during the visit, Congress rejected a bill to withhold US military aid to Saudi Arabia over the war in Yemen. But for social media users, something else stood out: a meeting of at least 20 men and no women. The two leaders and over a dozen of their advisors and senior officials attended the working lunch on 20 March, but the only women in the room were part of the press corps. The disparity was pointed out on Twitter in a post shared over 10,000 times. On the US side, it is not the first time that Mr Trump has faced criticism for the absence of women at key moments in the White House. One photo in January 2017 struck a particular nerve after showing an all-male panel watching as the president signed a law preventing federal money going to international groups which provide abortions or information about them. Critics argued that the photo showed men were making decisions about women's bodies. Although the president's daughter and senior advisor Ivanka Trump has previously met Saudi delegations, she was not present for Tuesday's meeting. Saudi Arabia, meanwhile, is a deeply conservative country. But Mohammed bin Salman has sought to present himself as a reformer, especially when it comes to the subject of women's rights. Since becoming crown prince last year, he has been credited with a number of initiatives that benefit women. The most high-profile of these changes - lifting the ban on women drivers - is due to come into effect in June later this year. Others include allowing women to attend a football match for the first time and allowing women to open businesses without permission from their male guardian. But critics argue that the country is still a very long way from true gender equality, as the White House photo shows. A small number of users argued that the lack of women in the picture was not due to a lack of equality and that to imply otherwise was in itself sexist. You may also like: | হোয়াইট হাউসে ২০শে মার্চ সৌদি যুবরাজ মোহাম্মদ বিন সালমান এবং প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের মধ্যে যে বৈঠকটি হয়, তা ছিল নানা কারণে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Former Deputy Prime Minister LK Advani, and BJP leaders MM Joshi and Uma Bharti, had denied charges of inciting extremists to demolish the 16th Century Babri mosque in the town of Ayodhya. The demolition sparked violence that killed some 2,000 people. It was also a pivotal moment in the political rise of the Hindu right-wing. Wednesday's verdict acquitted 32 of the 49 people charged - 17 had died while the case was under way. The court said there was insufficient evidence to prove the demolition had been planned. Hindus believe the mosque was built over the birthplace of their deity Lord Ram. The controversial verdict comes nearly a year after another historic judgment over the site of the mosque. Last year, the Supreme Court gave the land to Hindus, ending a decades-long legal battle. It gave Muslims another plot of land in Ayodhya on which to construct a mosque. In August, Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for a Hindu temple at the site - a core promise made by his BJP and a hugely symbolic moment for its strident Hindu nationalist base. How was the verdict greeted? Muslim groups and opposition parties criticised the acquittals. The influential All India Muslim Personal Law Board, which represents Muslim social and political groups in India, said it would appeal against the ruling in the high court. "There were police officers, government officials and senior journalists who appeared as witnesses. What about their testimony? The court should have said whether these eyewitnesses were lying," the board's lawyer, Zafaryab Jilani, told the BBC. Many political observers believe the verdict is likely to add to the feeling of discontent and marginalisation among India's 200-million Muslim minority. Opposition leaders and some political commentators decried the ruling. Congress party's Randeep Surjewala called it an "egregious violation of the law" that ran counter to "the constitutional spirit", and Sitaram Yehchury, from the Communist Party of India (Marxist), said it was "a complete travesty of Justice". MP Asaduddin Owaisi told BBC Telugu he was "pained" at the verdict and called it "a black day for [the] judiciary". "Was it some magic that the masjid [mosque] got demolished? It seems violent acts pay politically." Mr Advani, now 92, said he "wholeheartedly welcomed" the verdict. Mr Joshi, now 86, said it was "a historic decision" that proved that "no conspiracy was hatched" to bring down the mosque. Neither they nor Ms Bharti, 61, attended court - they watched the verdict by video. Iqbal Ansari, the petitioner in the case over the ownership of the disputed site, said: "It's good that this is now over." "Let's all live in peace. Let there be no fresh trouble of this nature. Hindu and Muslim have always lived in peace in Ayodhya." A perilous time for India's judiciary Soutik Biswas, BBC News Nearly three decades after the demolition of the Babri mosque and a torturously slow judicial process, Wednesday's verdict, many say, is along expected lines. Federal investigators interviewed nearly 850 witnesses and examined 7,000 documents and TV footage and photos of what happened on the day to help them frame charges against 49 people, including top BJP leaders. All their efforts have come to naught despite numerous credible eyewitness accounts that the tearing down of the mosque had been planned, rehearsed and carried out with impunity and the connivance of a section of the local police in front of thousands of people. Last year, even the Supreme Court said the demolition had been a "calculated act" and an "egregious violation of law". The fact that nobody could be held guilty for the violence is testimony to the perilous state of India's criminal justice system, which many say has been compromised beyond repair by brazen political interference. It also points to the failure of all political parties to uphold justice. The verdict will further deepen anxieties and a sense of injustice for India's Muslims. When the "most blatant act of defiance of law in modern India", as political scientist Zoya Hasan described the demolition, goes unpunished, what hope does the common Indian, especially if he belongs to a minority, have in securing justice? What happened on 6 December 1992? It began as a religious procession organised by right-wing Hindu groups, including the then main opposition BJP. They had long pledged to build a temple at the disputed site where the Babri mosque stood. The groups had vowed that the gathering on that day would be symbolic - there would be a religious ceremony, and no damage would be done to the mosque. The BBC's Mark Tully, who witnessed what happened, wrote that a vast crowd, perhaps 150,000 strong, had gathered and was listening to speeches given by BJP and right-wing leaders. Mr Advani and Mr Joshi, who would become prominent figures in the later BJP-led government of Atal Behari Vajpayee, who died in 2018, were present. And at some point, thousands of young men, armed with shovels, hammers, iron rods and pick axes charged towards the outer cordon of police protecting the mosque, scrambled on top of the mosque's central dome and started hacking away at the mortar. Soon, the mosque was razed to the ground. Photographer Praveen Jain said that the mob had attacked journalists, breaking photographers' cameras to wipe out evidence of the demolition. Within hours, Hindu-Muslim riots broke out in different parts of India. The worst violence was in Mumbai, where an estimated 900 people were killed. What were the charges? The three BJP leader defendants were charged with "giving provocative speeches leading to demolition of the mosque, creating enmity between Hindus and Muslims and inciting people for riots and public mischief". India's Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), which investigated the case, has always maintained that the destruction was a planned event. An inquiry commission led by former high court judge MS Liberhan, concluded the same after 17 years, according to Indian media reports. Muslim leaders also alleged the demolition had been a planned move by Mr Advani, who was leader of the opposition at the time. Why is this verdict important? Ever since the Narendra Modi-led Hindu nationalist BJP first came to power in 2014, India has seen deepening social and religious divisions. Calls for the construction of a Hindu temple in Ayodhya had grown louder and louder until the country's top court last year awarded the disputed site to Hindus. Restrictions on the sale and slaughter of cows - considered a holy animal by Hindus - have led to vigilante killings of a number of people, most of them Muslims who were transporting cattle. Last year, India was rocked by protests against a controversial new law that offered citizenship to non-Muslims from three nearby countries. The BJP government says it will protect minorities from those countries from persecution. Many Muslims also fear they could be made stateless, following an announcement that the government plans to weed out "infiltrators" from neighbouring countries among India's population, if they cannot provide extensive documentation to prove their ancestors lived in India Mr Modi has said the law "will have no effect on citizens of India, including Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Jains, Christians and Buddhists". | ভারতের এক বিশেষ আদালত বাবরি মসজিদ ধ্বংসের অপরাধমূলক ষড়যন্ত্রের দায়ে ক্ষমতাসীন দল বিজেপির ক'জন শীর্ষস্থানীয় নেতাকে অভিযুক্ত করেছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | In a second video, the man is seen justifying the incident to "protect the honour of Hindus against Muslims". Police have identified the suspect as a Hindu. His victim was Muslim. Internet services have been suspended in parts of the state and people have been urged to stop sharing the video. Police have been deployed in large numbers to keep the peace. It's not clear when the attack happened. In the video, the suspect Shambu Lal warns Muslims, saying: "This is what will happen to you if you do 'love jihad' in our country." The term has been popularised by radical Hindu fringe groups, who accuse Muslim men of participating in a "conspiracy to turn Hindu women from their religion by seducing them". Senior police official Anand Srivastava told BBC Hindi's Dilnawaz Pasha that the man had shared several "hateful" videos on social media. He added that police believed the accused and his victim did not know each other and had no history of animosity. The victim, Mohammad Afrazul, who worked near the city of Udaipur, had been living there for more than 10 years. "We have found that nobody from Shambu Lal's family had an inter-religious marriage. He has used inflammatory statements in these videos. To avoid any violence, we have been organising meetings between the two communities," Mr Srivastava added. | ভারতের পশ্চিমাঞ্চলীয় রাজ্য রাজস্থানের পুলিশ এক ব্যক্তিকে গ্রেপ্তার করেছে যার বিরুদ্ধে আরেক ব্যক্তিকে কুপিয়ে হত্যা এবং তার গায়ে আগুন লাগিয়ে দেবার অভিযোগ আনা হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Now 21, she has made it her life ambition to prove they were right to keep her. Nargis now campaigns for women's education and empowerment in her home country, and is one of the BBC's 2018 100 Women. In 1997 I opened my eyes to the world as my parents' fifth child, and their fifth girl. My father's sister, and other relatives, immediately put pressure on my mum to agree to my father taking a second wife. Taking a second or even third wife is not uncommon in Afghanistan, and is sometimes done because they believe a new wife could mean a new chance to have a male child. When she refused, they suggested that my father swap me for a boy. They even found a family in the village who was willing to give their boy away and take me. Swapping children is not something that is part of our culture, and I haven't heard of it happening before, but boys are more valued in Afghan society as the traditional family breadwinners. People deliberately said things to upset my mother and make her feel inferior for not having a son. Despite her refusal to part ways with me, some elders still kept approaching my father. But he had a completely different mentality. He told them he loved me, and he would one day prove to them that a daughter can achieve everything a son can. It was not an easy time for my father. He had a military background and a history of service in the previous Soviet-backed regime, and my native district at the time was controlled by people with religious or fundamentalist tendencies. So certain people in the village used to detest him and did not socialise with us. But my father believed in what he said, and he always stood by his word. Although there was pressure on my parents to swap me because I was a girl, it was a man who had the most positive impact on my character. Fleeing home Things got worse for us after Taliban militants took control of our district. In 1998 my father had to flee to Pakistan and soon after that we joined him there. Life there was not easy - but he managed to get work as a manager in a shoe factory. Perhaps the best thing to happen to my parents whilst in Pakistan was that they finally had a son, followed by my fifth sister. In 2001, we all returned to Kabul after the Taliban regime was toppled. We didn't have a house of our own and had to live with my uncles. My sisters and I managed to keep going to school despite conservatism in our culture. I went on to study public policy and administration at Kabul University and graduated two years ago with the highest marks for that year. Throughout that time my father never stopped supporting me. A couple of years ago I went to watch a cricket game in Kabul with my sister. There weren't many women in the stadium and our photographs and videos were circulated on social media. People started criticising us and leaving negative comments, saying we were shameless to be in a stadium amongst men. Others said we were trying to spread adultery and were being paid by the Americans. When my father saw some of the comments on Facebook, he looked at me and said: "My dear. You have done the right thing. I am glad you have annoyed some of these idiots. Life is short. Enjoy it as much as you can." My father died of cancer earlier this year. In him, I lost someone whose constant support made me into the person that I am today, and I know he will always be with me. Three years ago I tried to open a school for girls in my native village in Ghazni. I talked to my father about it and he said it would be almost impossible because of cultural boundaries, and even boys have difficulties because of the security situation. My father thought giving it a name of a religious madrassa might have improved our chances. In the end I was unable to travel to my native village because it was simply too dangerous. One of my sisters and I still hope to achieve this goal one day. In the meantime, I volunteered for several years for NGOs in that part of the world, working for women's education, health and empowerment. I've also presented talks on a girl's right to go to school, university and to get a job. I've always dreamed of studying at the University of Oxford one day. When I look at international university rankings I always find Oxford in first or second position, and when I compare that with Kabul University I feel a bit sad - although that's not to say I'm not thankful I was able to go. I love to read in my spare time - an average of two to three books a week - and Paolo Coelho is my favourite author. 'No compromise' In terms of marriage, I would like to choose someone myself and my family have given me permission to marry someone of my own choice. It would be great if I can find someone who has the same qualities as my father. I would want to spend the rest of my life with someone who has a similar attitude - who can support me and stand by my choices. Family is also important - sometimes you marry the best man out there but then you cannot adapt to his family. They will have to support me in what I want to do in my life. If they resist then I will try and change their minds. I believe in what I want to achieve in life and will not compromise. What is 100 Women? BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year and shares their stories. It's been a momentous year for women's rights around the globe, so in 2018 BBC 100 Women is reflecting the trailblazing women who are using passion, indignation and anger to spark real change in the world around them. Read more: | পরিবারের পঞ্চম মেয়ে সন্তান হিসেবে যখন আফগানিস্তানের এক গ্রামে নার্গিস তারাকির জন্ম হয়, তার বাবাকে সবাই পরামর্শ দিয়েছিল একটি ছেলে বাচ্চার সাথে মেয়েকে বদলে নিতে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The artist, who is best known for her 1990 hit version of the song Nothing Compares 2 U, said she had changed her name to Shuhada'. In a message on Twitter, she thanked fellow Muslims for their support. She has said that her decision was "the natural conclusion of any intelligent theologian's journey" and uploaded a video of herself singing the adhan, or Islamic call to prayer. On Thursday, Irish Imam Shaykh Dr Umar al-Qadri posted a video of the singer saying the Islamic declaration of faith. It is not the first time O'Connor, who legally changed her name to Magda Davitt last year, has publicly spoken about religion. In 1992, she sparked controversy after ripping up a photograph of the Pope live on US television. Seven years later, she was ordained by a breakaway church in Lourdes. The Catholic Church, which does not allow women to become priests, did not recognise the ceremony. Other famous converts to Islam O'Connor rose to fame in 1990 with a striking arrangement of Prince's Nothing Compares 2 U. Her version of the ballad topped charts across the world and spent four weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100, earning her three Grammy nominations. The music video, directed by John Maybury, consists mostly of a close up on O'Connor's face as she sings the lyrics. The visual won three Moonmen at the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards, including Video of the Year, where the singer was the first female artist to win the esteemed prize of the night. She has released 10 solo albums. In August 2018, the singer released her first song in four years, called Milestones. "This is just a first demo for fans because they never get to hear a demo," she told The Irish Sun, which shared the song. She also revealed that she would be releasing a new album, No Mud No Lotus, "before October 2019". Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]. | সুপরিচিত আইরিশ গায়িকা সিনিড ও'কনর ঘোষণা করেছেন যে তিনি ইসলাম ধর্ম গ্রহণ করেছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Natalie ShermanBusiness reporter, New York US tariffs on foreign steel and aluminium went into effect last month. China's retaliatory duties on more than 100 US imports, including pork, fruit and wine, kicked in soon after. Further tariffs on $50bn worth of the each country's products are in the offing, as the Trump administration presses China on state subsidies and practices it says encourage intellectual property theft. The White House has threatened even more. Economists expect the duelling taxes to have a relatively limited impact on the overall US economy. But they say the measures will touch most parts of the country and lead to higher prices for everything from televisions to vitamins. For certain industries like agriculture, aerospace and manufacturing, the effects could be severe. So how are US companies handling a looming trade war? Roadtec: 'Unanswered questions' For some firms, the measures are welcome. Companies such as US Steel have announced plans to expand their operations, bringing on hundreds of workers. Their customers - many of them manufacturers located in the Midwest - are worried, however. They say US tariffs have already increased demand for domestic steel - which accounts for the majority of the metal's sales in America - driving up prices for firms reliant on steel-based parts. The proposed tariffs, which include taxes on hundreds of Chinese-made parts and equipment, promise more pain. At Roadtec, a growing 600-person Tennessee company that makes asphalt paving machines, suppliers are already asking 40% more, says the firm's marketing director, Eric Baker. He says the firm is still trying to figure out how to best address the higher costs. "There's a lot of uncertainty right now," he says. "I think the biggest question is how long this is." Seneca Foods Corp: 'Absorb the cost' Hundreds of firms have asked the Commerce Department for exemptions from the US steel and aluminium tariffs, including Wisconsin-based Seneca Foods Corp. The firm, which makes its own cans to support a large fruit and vegetable processing business, started importing coils of tin-plated steel just a few years ago, after domestic supply became uncertain. Leon Lindsay, Seneca's vice president for sourcing, says he is not sure where he will buy coils now, given the uncertainty about how the US tariffs will affect other markets such as Europe. In the meantime, a Chinese shipment from an order of 11,000 metric tons, placed last summer, is due in port in the next few weeks and faces the new 25% mark-up. Mr Lindsay said he is not optimistic a Commerce Department reprieve will come in time, nor can the firm, which is in the competitive food industry, pass on the higher cost of steel to its customers. "The stuff we're asking for exclusion [for] is on the water. It can't go back, so we're the ones that will probably have to absorb the cost, which is significant," he said. Hsu Ginseng Farm: 'This comes up with every customer' Farmers are also bracing for a hit. Will Hsu, whose father started a ginseng farm in Wisconsin more than 40 years ago, was in China last week, meeting with clients and sales staff. "This comes up with every customer that we meet with. This comes up with our staff," he said. "They're worried about how they're going to pass on that price increase." Wisconsin, the source of more than 90% of the United States' cultivated ginseng, can't afford to lose access to the Chinese market - which has been a key buyer of American ginseng since the 1700s and is the destination for more than three quarters of the state's crop. Industry members said American ginseng has a reputation for quality, commanding a premium price that provides some room to negotiate. Mr Hsu says his farm, which employs about 400 people in the US and China, also has enough US clients to handle a temporary tariff. But levied long term, the tax could force him to scale back. Hutchinson Farms: 'Cutting off our nose' Farmers are also worried about foreign competition. About a third of America's soybean crop heads to China each year - some $14bn in exports - but Argentina and Brazil are also big exporters. Drought has hurt Argentina's crop, but farmers in Brazil expect the US-China dispute to increase demand for their product, says Victor Carvalho of Informa, a business intelligence firm. They are also watching to see if US prices will fall enough to make it worth importing US soy to crush and resell, he says. Will Hutchinson, a fourth generation farmer from Tennessee, has been monitoring developments on the news and is hoping the situation will de-escalate. "Trade is vitally important to both countries," he says of China and the US. "We don't need to be cutting off our nose to spite our face." Greenland America: 'There will be an overhang in the market' About half of US scrap aluminium exports went to China last year, but US firms are already starting to turn to other markets. The shift is a response in part to tougher environmental rules China had already imposed on waste imports. China's new tax on aluminium scrap compounded the problem. Randy Goodman is executive vice president at Georgia-based Greenland America, a brokerage that buys and sells scrap metals in countries around the world. So far, he says less than 10% of his firm's business to China has been affected, but he's worried about the future. "The issue is that these other countries or even the domestic consumers ... can't pick up all the slack so there will be excess material," he says. "There will be an overhang in the market that will eventually affect the pricing." 'It'll be very good' President Trump has said he is confident that confronting China will lead to a stronger US economy, and tried to reassure those who are worried. "It'll be very good when we get it all finished," he said this week. The people whose livelihoods are caught up in the dispute are hoping the president is right. | চীন এবং মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের মধ্যে যে বাণিজ্য যুদ্ধ শুরু হয়েছিল সেটা সাময়িক ভাবে বিরতিতে আছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Skirmishes continued for several hours following the start of the UN-brokered truce at midnight (21:00 GMT), but locals now say it is relatively calm. UN envoy Martin Griffiths said the initiative seemed to be working so far. The battle for Hudaydah threatened the operation of its port, which is crucial to the delivery of aid supplies. Half of the war-torn country's population - 14 million people - are on the brink of famine and an estimated 85,000 children may have died from malnutrition. Yemen has been devastated by a conflict that escalated in early 2015, when the Houthis seized control of much of the west of the country, including the capital Sanaa, and forced President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi to flee abroad. Alarmed by the rise of a group they saw as an Iranian proxy, Saudi Arabia and eight other Arab states intervened in an attempt to restore the government. 'Yemenis hoping against hope' By Lyse Doucet, chief international correspondent, BBC News No-one expected the ceasefire to be smooth, simple, or straightforward. There is no trust between the warring sides. Both believe the other still wants a military solution. The key to this truce largely holding will be the UN's presence on the ground and its ability to enforce the gradual pull-out of all forces and put in place a new order. That is why Martin Griffiths has called for its "swift" deployment. Pressure from all the outside players in this war made this unexpected truce happen in a week of talks in Sweden. It is also essential if it is to hold. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad Bin Salman, regarded as the architect of this war in Yemen, is said to be playing a key role in this shift from a military to a political push. But the risk of an all-out assault on Hudaydah and Yemen's descent into famine still looms, if it all fails. Millions of Yemenis are hoping against hope that it holds. What's happening on the ground? The ceasefire covering the city of Hudaydah and the ports of Hudaydah, Salif and Ras Issa was first announced last week following talks in Sweden's capital, Stockholm. But it had to be delayed by several days because of fierce fighting. The Houthis, who control the city and ports, and Yemen's government, whose forces are deployed to the south and east, have said they are now committed to abiding by the truce. There were sporadic clashes along the front lines in Hudaydah city between 01:00 and 02:00 on Tuesday, with Yemeni officials accusing the Houthis of carrying out artillery strikes. However, residents said that by dawn the skirmishes had ended. "The problem is that the forces have yet to disengage, and when they're close up to each other they are liable to respond to anything they see as a provocation or an alert," Mr Griffiths told the BBC. "So we can expect some of this happening, but the pattern is a positive one." A co-ordinator for Médecins Sans Frontières, Susana Borges, said hospitals it supported in Hudaydah were continuing to receive patients. The UN has warned that in a worst-case scenario, the battle for Hudaydah could cost up to 250,000 lives and cut off aid supplies to millions elsewhere. Its port is the principal lifeline for about two-thirds of Yemen's population, which is almost totally reliant on imports. What happens next? Under the Stockholm Agreement, once the ceasefire takes effect a "mutual redeployment of forces" shall be carried out from the city and ports "to agreed-upon locations outside". Mr Griffiths said that the UN would convene, possibly on Wednesday, the first meeting of the Redeployment Co-ordination Committee, which will monitor implementation. It will include members of the warring parties and be chaired by the retired Dutch general, Patrick Cammaert. The first phase of the redeployment will see troops withdraw from the ports and critical parts of the city associated with humanitarian facilities within two weeks and the UN taking a "leading role". The full redeployment of all forces from the region should be completed within three weeks of the ceasefire entering into effect. Mr Griffiths said this would include complete disengagement from the main road from Hudaydah to the capital Sanaa, which is crucial for the delivery of humanitarian supplies to the wider population. The Stockholm Agreement should also see a prisoner swap and the facilitation of aid deliveries to the city of Taiz, which is besieged by the Houthis. At least 6,660 civilians have been killed, according to the UN. The fighting and a partial blockade by the coalition have also left 22 million people in need of humanitarian aid, created the world's largest food security emergency, and led to a cholera outbreak that has affected 1 million people. | যুদ্ধ বন্ধ রাখার সমঝোতা করার পরও ইয়েমেনের হুদাইদা শহরে সৌদি নেতৃত্বাধীন সামরিক জোট এবং হুথি বিদ্রোহীদের মধ্যে সংঘাত শুরু হয়েছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The 19-year-old was travelling with her lawyer and two relatives when their car was hit by a lorry on a state highway. The two female relatives of the girl have died and her lawyer is also in hospital with serious injuries. The girl's mother has alleged foul play, saying that the collision was not an accident and demanding justice. The family want police to open a murder investigation against Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) lawmaker Kuldeep Singh Sengar, who is accused of raping the teenager. Police this afternoon, registered a complaint naming him and 10 others in connection with Sunday's incident. Mr Sengar has been in custody for more than a year on accusations of raping the teenager. He denies the charges. He has been charged under India's stringent child protection laws since the teenager was a minor when she was attacked. Local police officer Rakesh Singh told BBC Hindi that the truck driver and owner of the vehicle have been arrested and taken in for questioning. Some reports suggest the vehicle's registration plate was smeared with black paint. Police told NDTV that while they were still investigating the matter, at the moment they were treating it as an accident. But opposition parties in the state have called for a federal investigation into the incident, saying the circumstances of the crash are "suspicious". The leader of the state's main opposition Samajwadi Party, Akhilesh Yadav, was quoted by Hindustan Times newspaper as saying the incident "could be a murder attempt". The victim was on the way to a prison to meet her uncle - who is lodged there in connection with a different case - when the crash happened in Rae Bareli district on Sunday afternoon. Police said the girl and her family had been provided with security, but "our information suggests the security wasn't with them" on Sunday. "It seems they refused it. A probe has been ordered," police official MP Verma told NDTV. In April 2018, the girl attempted to set herself on fire outside the residence of state chief minister Yogi Adityanath, alleging that Mr Sengar had kidnapped and raped her. A day later, her father died in prison. He had been allegedly assaulted by the lawmaker's brother, Atul Sengar, and his supporters a week before. India's federal investigation agency took over the case last year and arrested Atul Sengar and 10 others on charges of murder. | ভারতের উত্তর প্রদেশে ক্ষমতাসীন দলের একজন আইনপ্রণেতার বিরুদ্ধে ধর্ষণের অভিযোগ আনা এক কিশোরী সড়ক দুর্ঘটনায় মারাত্মকভাবে আহত হয়েছে। |