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নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

When asked what threat led to last Friday's US drone strike, he told Fox News: "I can reveal that I believe it probably would've been four embassies." The killing of Gen Qasem Soleimani, a national hero, came after days of protests at the US embassy in Baghdad. But Democrats given intelligence briefings on the fatal strike say they have seen no evidence of embassy plots. Mr Trump first made the embassy claim at the White House on Thursday and repeated it that night at a rally in Ohio. He was also backed up by US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. "We had specific information on an imminent threat and those included attacks on US embassies. Period, full stop," said Mr Pompeo as he announced new sanctions against Iran. Soleimani, 62, was the mastermind of Iran's activities in the Middle East, as an architect of the Syrian government's war against rebels and the rise of pro-Iranian paramilitaries in Iraq. Mr Trump and Mr Pompeo have said he was responsible for the deaths of thousands. American forces also targeted Abdul Reza Shahlai on 3 January, a key Iranian commander and financier living in Yemen, US media reported on Friday. They quote unnamed US officials as saying that the secret mission did not result in the commander's death. Washington has so far made no public comment on the reported US raid in Yemen. What did Trump say? His first comments on the matter were at an environmental event at the White House on Thursday, telling reporters he authorised the attack because Iran was "looking to blow up our embassy". He also called it "obvious" that the protesters that attacked the US embassy in Baghdad days before Soleimani's death were organised by Iran. "And you know who organised it. That man right now is not around any longer. Okay? And he had more than that particular embassy in mind." In Ohio later, Mr Trump told a packed arena that "Soleimani was actively planning new attacks, and he was looking very seriously at our embassies, and not just the embassy in Baghdad". He also mocked Democrats who complained that the White House did not provide proper notification to lawmakers, saying that Democrats would have leaked the US military plans to the media. What evidence is there? Mr Trump referred to the US embassy protests as evidence of an imminent Iranian plot. However, those protests had ended by the time the US launched a drone attack on Soleimani's motorcade at the Baghdad airport. House Armed Services committee chairman Adam Smith, a Democrat, said there was "no evidence" of a future Iranian bombing attack on a US embassy presented during a classified White House briefing given to lawmakers on Wednesday. "Nobody that I've talked to in any setting, and I've talked to quite a few people in the White House, has said that," he told Politico. "It has been communicated to me that there weren't specific targets, that the intel that we had did not cite specific targets, just more of a broad thing," he said. "So if the president had evidence of the specific target, that has not been communicated to us." Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, a frontrunner to take on Mr Trump in November's election, said Mr Trump could not be trusted. "The difficulty that we have, and I don't mean to be rude here, is that we have a president who is a pathological liar," he told NBC News. "So could it be true? I guess it could be. Is it likely to be true? Probably not," he added. Democrats are not the only ones who have appeared to grow frustrated by the lack of details from the White House regarding why Soleimani's death was urgently required. Utah Republican Senator Mike Lee slammed the White House briefing as "insulting" and "completely unacceptable". He called the briefing a "drive-by notification or after-the-fact, lame briefing", adding that officials "struggled to identify" any reason that the White House would ever co-ordinate with Congress on military actions. On Thursday, the US House of Representatives voted to limit Mr Trump's ability to wage war on Iran. New sanctions On Friday, the White House authorised new sanctions against Iran that were designed to "stop the Iranian regime's global terrorist activities", US Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin said. He said the penalties would affect Iran's construction, manufacturing and mining industries. Mr Pompeo said the targets were Iran's "inner security apparatus". In a statement, Mr Trump called Iran the "world's leading sponsor of terrorism" and vowed to counter Iranian threats "until the Iranian regime changes its behaviour".

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন, ইরানের শীর্ষ জেনারেলকে যখন হত্যা করা হয় তখন চারটি মার্কিন দূতাবাসে হামলার পরিকল্পনা করছিল তেহরান।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

A lot of attention has focused on the fact the plane, a Boeing 737 MAX 8, was brand new. This is the first major incident involving that kind of plane. Details so far have been scant and the cause will not be confirmed until a full investigation has been carried out. Plane crashes are often the result of a combination of factors - both technical and human - but could the fact that the plane was so new have played any part? The Boeing 737 MAX 8 has only been in commercial use since 2017. Budget carrier Lion Air said in July it was "very proud" to be the first in Indonesia to deploy the plane, and that it had ordered as many as 218 units. The plane involved in Monday's incident has only been in operation since 15 August. It had logged only 800 hours of flight time, according to the head of the National Transportation Safety Commission, Soerjanto Tjahjano. The pilot is reported to have radioed air traffic control in Jakarta asking for permission to turn back, shortly after taking off. Now it has emerged that the plane had some technical problems on Sunday on its penultimate flight. A technical log obtained by the BBC for that flight - from Denpasar airport in Bali to Jakarta - suggests that the airspeed reading on the captain's instrument was unreliable, and the altitude readings differed on the captain's and first officer's instruments. As a result of the problem, the captain handed over control of the plane to the first officer, the crew continued their flight and they landed safely at Jakarta. Lion Air have not confirmed the report, but this may have been the unspecified "technical problem" that the company's chief executive said the plane's Denpasar to Jakarta flight had suffered from. Edward Sirait said that this problem had been "resolved according to procedure". He added that Lion Air was currently operating 11 aircraft of the same model. He said there were no plans to ground the rest of the planes. 'Snags' sorted quickly Aviation analyst Gerry Soejatman told the BBC that usually it is old aircraft that are at the highest risk of accidents but that there can also be problems with very new ones. "If it's very new there are sometimes snags that only reveal themselves after they are [used routinely]," he said. "These usually get sorted [within] the first three months." The plane would have hit the three-month mark in just a few weeks. Another analyst, Jon Ostrower of aviation publication The Air Current, said there were "always new teething issues... that's common, but a far cry from something that would threaten the safety of an aeroplane". He added that new planes generally "enjoy a maintenance holiday because everything is so new, not the reverse". Both analysts said it was too early to draw definitive conclusions about what had gone wrong with Flight JT 610. "I don't know what would make a plane this new crash," Mr Ostrower told the BBC. "There are so many different factors that can contribute to an accident like this." Mr Soejatman said he believed it was "likely to be technical issues that caused it but it's still very early days". "We can really [only determine the cause] when we get more information," he said. Indonesia's poor aviation safety record, though, has other experts believing that factors such as human error or poor oversight are more likely to be behind Monday's tragedy. Boeing has said it is "deeply saddened" by the loss of the plane. It sent its sympathies to the victims' families and said it would co-operate with the investigation. According to Boeing, the 737 MAX series is the fastest-selling plane in its history, and has accumulated almost 4,700 orders. The MAX 8 has been ordered by airlines including American Airlines, United Airlines, Norwegian and FlyDubai.

লায়ন এয়ার বোয়িং ৭৩৭ বিমানটি ১৮৯ জন যাত্রী নিয়ে ইন্দোনেশিয়ার রাজধানী জার্কাতা থেকে উড্ডয়নের কিছুক্ষণের মধ্যে সমুদ্রে বিধ্বস্ত হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent The largest bay in the world - 500 million people live on the coastal rim that surrounds it - is also the site of the majority of the deadliest tropical cyclones in world history. According to a list maintained by Weather Underground, 26 of the 35 deadliest tropical cyclones in recorded have occurred here. Cyclone Amphan is the latest, expected to make landfall in coastal areas of India and Bangladesh on Wednesday afternoon. India meteorological officials say it will be an "extremely intense cyclone" when it hits the coast of the bay, with wind speeds up to 195km/h (121mph) and storm surges as tall as a two-storey building. What makes the Bay of Bengal so deadly? The worst places for storm surges, say meteorologists, tend to be shallow, concave bays where water, pushed by the strong winds of a tropical cyclone, gets concentrated or funnelled as the storm moves up the bay. The Bay of Bengal is a "textbook example of this type of geography", Bob Henson, meteorologist and writer with Weather Underground, told me. What makes matters worse are high sea surface temperatures in the Bay of Bengal, which can trigger extremely strong cyclones. "It is a very warm sea," says M Mohapatra, head of India's meteorological department. There are other coastlines around the world which are vulnerable to surging storms - the Gulf Coast of Louisiana, for example - but the "north coast of the Bay of Bengal is more prone to catastrophic surges than anywhere on Earth", says Mr Henson. The highly populous coastline also exacerbates the threat: one in four people in the world live in a country that borders the bay. Why is there rising concern over Amphan? For one, it has been designated as a super cyclone where wind speeds cross 220kmph (137mph). Cyclones are "multi-hazard" occurrences: strong winds cause physical damage; and tidal waves and heavy rains cause flooding. This time round there is the coronavirus pandemic to contend with too - social distancing protocols to curb the spread of infection mean more shelters are needed, and thousands of migrant workers displaced by lockdown restrictions in India are on the move, many heading by foot to coastal villages. Only a handful of storms in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal - about one every 10 years - achieve the level of super cyclone. In November 1970, Cyclone Bhola, the deadliest storm in world history, occurred in the Bay of Bengal and killed an estimated half a million people. It brought a storm surge estimated at 10.4m (34 feet) to the coast. Dr Amrith, who teaches at Harvard University, says the frequency of intense cyclones has risen in the Bay of Bengal in recent decades. At least 140,000 people died and two million people were displaced when Cyclone Nargis struck the Irrawaddy Delta in Burma (Myanmar) in May 2008. "It seemed as if a bucket of water had been sloshed across an ink drawing; the carefully marked lines [of the delta's waterways] had been erased and the paper beneath was buckled and distorted," one journalist wrote about the calamity. The last super cyclone to hit India occurred in 1999 and caused nearly 10,000 deaths in Orissa (Odisha) state. I remember rotting corpses in ditches and smoke from funeral grounds clouding the skies as I travelled through some of the worst affected areas. That was when I first realised the untrammelled fury of a super cyclone in the Bay of Bengal.

ঐতিহাসিক সুনিল অমৃত বঙ্গোপসাগরকে বর্ণনা করেছেন এভাবে: এক বিস্তীর্ণ জলরাশি, যা জানুয়ারিতে একেবারে শান্ত এবং নীল‌; আর গ্রীষ্মের বৃষ্টিতে এটির রূপ একেবারে ভিন্ন। ফুঁসতে থাকা ঘোলা জলের সমূদ্র।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Alma HassounWomen's affairs journalist, BBC Arabic With melancholy music playing in the background, the presenter of Nsawya FM (Feminism FM) addresses the issue of domestic violence in the Gulf kingdom. The presenter's voice shakes with emotion as she discusses the fate of Sara, a woman she says was killed by a male relative. She was a 33-year-old university graduate with a job who lived with her parents - and who wanted to marry a man with a different nationality, that of Yemen. "Sara's dream was ended with five bullets shot by her 22-year-old brother, even though she had been officially engaged with the consent of her parents," Ashtar, a 27 year old who uses a pseudonym inspired by the Mesopotamian goddess of love and war, later told BBC Arabic by phone. The case was reported by the media and discussed by people who knew her, Ashtar said. The presenter also told the story of Hanan Shahri, who is reported to have killed herself in 2013 after her brother and uncle allegedly beat her and refused to allow her to marry her fiancé. Such cases, Ashtar said, were "only the tip of the iceberg". 'Silent majority' Three weeks ago, Nsawya FM set up a Twitter account and announced it would broadcast a weekly programme that would be the "voice of the silent majority". It also called for volunteers who wanted to get involved in production or contribute material. In the past two weeks, the station has broadcast two one-hour programmes using only a microphone, a laptop with editing software and the live audio streaming website Mixlr. The poor quality of the sound and the whole production, in general, reflects the non-professional nature of this project. Ashtar said they did not expect a massive audience initially, and were instead aiming for "gradual growth" as the programme spread awareness on women's rights. "We started this project to archive this phase for history, so that people would know we were real, we did exist," explained Ashtar, who did not want so share any details about her own identity despite living outside the kingdom because she feared reprisals. "The Saudi authorities could ban Twitter at any moment and we would lose the archive of our thoughts. Whereas the radio gives us the opportunity to record programmes and broadcast them on other platforms," she added. At least 17 human rights defenders and women's rights activists critical of the Saudi government have been arrested or detained since mid-May, according to the UN. Several of them have been accused of serious crimes, including "suspicious contact with foreign parties", and could face up to 20 years in prison if convicted. 'Confrontational' thoughts Nsawya FM has two presenters and nine women producing content. All but two of the women are Saudi nationals, and some of the women live in Saudi Arabia. The women say communication between them is difficult because they live in different time zones and some have other demands on their time, including studies or work. Ashtar described herself as "an activist who uses the media to express her ideas". She said she had sent articles to a number of leading Lebanese publications in recent years but that none of them had ended up being used. She believed that the rejections were the result of her "confrontational" ideas about society, religion and politics. Ashtar expressed admiration for the "the Matriarchal era" - an apparent reference to a period in pre-Islamic Arabia when women were the leaders of their tribes. "I believe that women are better than men. If women were to hold power again, especially in certain sectors like the judiciary, this world would be a better place," she explained. Ashtar said she did not hide her beliefs from her family and took the opportunity to debate them with relatives at gatherings for Eid al-Fitr and other festivals. But her family rejected them. "The West has brainwashed you," they used to tell her. 'One signature' Now that the ban on women driving has been lifted by King Salman, activists like Ashtar are campaigning to for an end to the male guardianship system, which they say is discriminatory. Under the system, men are given the authority to make a range of critical decisions on behalf of their female relatives. The activists have taken their campaign to Twitter, the most popular social media platform in Saudi Arabia. Saudi women are very active there. However, many people in the kingdom frown on women using the site to push for reforms. Some have denounced the activists as "spies" and "not Saudis", or described them as "electronic flies" in an attempt to play down their significance. Others have urged them to wait and give the king a chance to enact further reforms. "This is a mere propaganda. We are Saudis and we know it," Ashtar said. "Had he wanted to, the king could have abolished the guardianship system. This does not need decades of discussions and consultations. All it takes is one signature."

সৌদি আরবে নারী অধিকারের পক্ষে কথা বলার জন্য ভিন্ন এক দেশ থেকে শুরু হয়েছে এক ইন্টারনেট রেডিও।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Protests against the bill also took place in other cities in the country. The bill would outlaw most abortions and make insulting the president illegal. The bill has been delayed, but protesters are concerned it could still eventually pass through parliament. What's in the controversial bill? The proposed new criminal code includes the following: The bill was initially scheduled for a vote on Tuesday - however, President Joko Widodo postponed the vote on Friday, saying new laws needed more consideration. Why are people protesting? Despite the delay, many Indonesians are concerned that the bill could still be pushed through parliament. There is also anger over the passing of a new law that has weakened the Corruption Eradication Commission, an important arm in rooting out corruption. What happened on Tuesday? Thousands of protesters, many of them students, took to the streets in cities across Indonesia. The main clashes took place in the capital Jakarta as demonstrators demanded to meet parliament Speaker Bambang Soesatyo. Protesters pelted police with rocks, who responded with tear gas and water cannons. One placard held by a woman said: "My crotch does not belong to the government". Protests in other areas, including Yogyakarta and Makassar on Sulawesi island, continued for a second day. "We're going to parliament to oppose the new law for the anti-corruption agency that are not pro-people but are pro-corruptors," Fuad Wahyudin, 21-year-old student from an Islamic university in West Java, told Reuters. More than 5,000 police have reportedly been deployed to maintain security in Jakarta.

ইন্দোনেশিয়ায় বিয়ের আগে যৌনসম্পর্ককে নিষিদ্ধ করতে নতুন একটি প্রস্তাবিত আইনের বিরুদ্ধে বিক্ষোভের সময় বিক্ষোভকারীদের ওপর জলকামান ও টিয়ার গ্যাস নিক্ষেপ করেছে পুলিশ।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The magazine cited her role in Europe's crises over migration and Greek debt. Mrs Merkel had provided "steadfast moral leadership in a world where it is in short supply", editor Nancy Gibbs wrote. Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was named runner-up and third place went to US presidential hopeful Donald Trump. Eclectic list Ms Gibbs wrote of Mrs Merkel: "For asking more of her country than most politicians would dare, for standing firm against tyranny as well as expedience and for providing steadfast moral leadership in a world where it is in short supply, Angela Merkel is 'Time's Person of the Year'." Citing the refugee and Greek economic crises, along with the Paris terror attacks, Ms Gibbs said: "Each time Merkel stepped in. Germany would bail Greece out, on her strict terms. It would welcome refugees as casualties of radical Islamist savagery, not carriers of it. Time Person of the Year 2015 "And it would deploy troops abroad in the fight against ISIS [Islamic State]. You can agree with her or not, but she is not taking the easy road. Leaders are tested only when people don't want to follow." The magazine also noted her leadership during what it called Russian President Vladimir Putin's "creeping theft of Ukraine". Mrs Merkel's spokesman, Steffen Seibert, said: "I am sure the chancellor will cherish this as an incentive in her job." After the award was announced Donald Trump tweeted: "I told you @TIME Magazine would never pick me as person of the year despite being the big favorite They picked person who is ruining Germany." While Time runs a poll for readers to vote, the decision on winners is made independently by the editors. Mrs Merkel, 61, joins an eclectic list of former winners, including Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill and Richard Nixon. She is only the fourth woman since 1927 to be named an individual winner outright and the first in 29 years. The other individual women to win were Wallis Simpson (1936), Queen Elizabeth II (1952) and Corazon Aquino (1986). Soong Mei-ling won jointly with her husband Chiang Kai-shek in 1937, three women won as Whistleblowers in 2002 and the award went generically to American Women in 1975. It has gone to other generic groups in the past too, including last year's award which went to medics fighting the Ebola outbreak in western Africa.

টাইম ম্যাগাজিন সাময়িকীর ২০১৫ সালের সেরা ব্যক্তিত্ব নির্বাচিত হয়েছেন জার্মান চান্সেলার এঙ্গেলা মেরকেল।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The five-star Ritz-Carlton in Riyadh is taking bookings again from February, after being in lockdown since the surprise round-up of senior figures. More than 200 princes, ministers and businessmen had been held there and in other hotels. Some have since been freed after agreeing to hefty settlements. Guests who were staying at the hotel at the time were relocated without warning when the high-ranking detainees were bussed in on 4 November. They were accused of corruption and given the option of repaying hundreds of millions of dollars in return for their freedom. Those detained at the Ritz included internationally renowned businessman Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, one of the world's wealthiest men. He is still being held by the authorities. Some of the detainees have reached settlements and been released, including Prince Miteb bin Abdullah, once seen as a contender to the throne. Prince Miteb, who was held for more than three weeks, was freed after agreeing to pay more than $1bn (£750m). A spokesman at the Ritz-Carlton confirmed the hotel was taking reservations from mid-February but with the proviso that bookings might still be cancelled at short notice. Saudi Arabia's attorney general has said $100bn had been "misused through systematic corruption and embezzlement over several decades". Many ordinary Saudis have welcomed the move to tackle corruption with the hope that some of their nation's oil wealth will be redistributed to the general population.

নভেম্বরে সৌদি আরবে দুর্নীতির অভিযোগে গ্রেপ্তার হওয়া দুইশোর বেশি প্রিন্স, মন্ত্রী এবং ব্যবসায়ীদের কয়েদখানা হিসেবে ব্যবহার হওয়া রিৎস-কার্লটন হোটেল সম্প্রতি খুলেছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Michelle RobertsHealth editor, BBC News online The survey of nearly 7,000 sexually active women aged 16 to 74, in BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, suggests this medical problem - called dyspareunia - is common and affects women of all ages. Women in their late 50s and early 60s are most likely to be affected, followed by women aged 16-24. Doctors say there are treatments that can help if women seek advice. But many still find the subject embarrassing and taboo, the survey results show. Painful sex was strongly linked to other sexual problems, including vaginal dryness, feeling anxious during sex, and lack of enjoyment of sex. However, there can be lots of different physical, psychological and emotional factors causing painful sex, which can be complex to treat. Some women said they avoided intercourse because they were so afraid of the pain. 'It hurt so much' Karen (not her real name) is 62 and from Greater London. She said her problems began around the age of 40. "I felt that my sex drive dipped quite considerably, arousal seemed to take longer, and, despite an understanding husband, I started to dread him making approaches. "It's like any muscle group I guess, the less you use it the worse it gets." Karen tried using lubricant but still encountered problems. "It became like a vicious cycle. You worry and get tense and that only makes it worse." Karen developed another complication called vaginismus - involuntary tightening of the muscles around the vagina whenever penetration is attempted. "It wasn't just in bed. It happened when I needed smear tests too. I would be crawling up the bed away from the nurse because it hurt so much." Karen spoke to her doctor who recommended she try oestrogen creams and pessaries for the dryness and dilators to help with the involuntary tightening. "Women need to know that there is help out there for these kinds of problems, especially as we are all living longer. "You shouldn't have to be writing off your sex life in your 50s. "Many women don't like to talk about it. We share all the gore of childbirth, yet women of my generation don't tend to talk openly about sex and the menopause. We should." The national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles was carried out by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University College London and NatCen Social Research. Of those who reported painful sex (7.5%), a quarter had experienced symptoms frequently or every time they had had intercourse in the last six months or more. Around a third of these women said they were dissatisfied with their sex life, compared with one tenth of the women who didn't report painful sex. Lead researcher, Dr Kirstin Mitchell, from LSHTM and the University of Glasgow, the said there could be a whole range of reasons for dyspareunia. Lack of enjoyment "In younger women, it might be that they are starting out in their sexual lives and they are going along with things that their partner wants but they are not particularly aroused by. "Or they might be feeling tense because they are new to sex and they are not feeling 100% comfortable with their partner." Painful sex might be caused by other health problems, such as sexually transmitted infections, endometriosis and fibroids, which should be diagnosed and treated. Women around the age of the menopause can find sex painful because of vaginal dryness. Dr Mitchell says it's not just older women who can feel embarrassed talking about painful sex, even though the condition is common. Other research, involving about 200 university students in Canada, suggests up to half of young women find their first experience of intercourse painful. Seek advice Dr Mitchell says sex education should do more to better prepare young people. "Often sex education is about STIs and pregnancy, but it should also prepare people to think about what makes sex enjoyable and how to communicate what they like and dislike in a trusting and respectful relationship." If you have pain during or after sex, you should get advice from your GP or a sexual health clinic. If there is an emotional reason or anxiety that is causing problems, a counsellor or sex therapist may be able to help - and your GP or sexual health clinic can refer you to one.

বিস্তৃত এক সমীক্ষায় দেখা গেছে, ব্রিটেনে প্রায় প্রতি দশ জন নারীর মধ্যে একজনের কাছে যৌন সঙ্গম বেদনাদায়ক একটি কাজ।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Many of the elements that make up the foundation of the modern world originated in China, including paper, gunpowder, credit banking, the compass and paper money. China stagnated for more than two decades under the rigid Communist rule of the founder of the People's Republic, Mao Zedong. But China now has the world's fastest-growing economy and is undergoing what has been described as a second industrial revolution. It has also launched an ambitious space exploration programme, involving plans to set up a space station by 2020. The People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded in 1949 after the Communist Party defeated the previously dominant nationalist Kuomintang in a civil war. The Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan, creating two rival Chinese states - the PRC on the mainland and the Republic of China based on Taiwan. Beijing says the island of Taiwan is a part of Chinese territory that must be reunited with the mainland. The claim has in the past led to tension and threats of invasion, but since 2008 the two governments have moved towards a more cooperative atmosphere. The leadership of Mao Zedong oversaw the often brutal implementation of a Communist vision of society. Millions died in the Great Leap Forward - a programme of state control over agriculture and rapid industrialisation - and the Cultural Revolution, a chaotic attempt to root out elements seen as hostile to Communist rule. However, Mao's death in 1976 ushered in a new leadership and economic reform. In the early 1980s the government dismantled collective farming and again allowed private enterprise. The rate of economic change has not been matched by political reform, with the Communist Party - the world's largest political party - retaining its monopoly on power and maintaining strict control over the people. The authorities still crack down on any signs of opposition and send outspoken dissidents to labour camps. Economy Nowadays China is one of the world's top exporters and is attracting record amounts of foreign investment. In turn, it is investing billions of dollars abroad. The collapse in international export markets that accompanied the global financial crisis of 2009 initially hit China hard, but its economy was among the first in the world to rebound, quickly returning to growth. In February 2011 it formally overtook Japan to become the world's second-largest economy, though by early 2012 the debt crisis in the eurozone - one of the biggest markets for Chinese goods - was beginning to act as a drag on China's growth. As a member of the World Trade Organisation, China benefits from access to foreign markets. But relations with trading partners have been strained over China's huge trade surplus and the piracy of goods. The former has led to demands for Beijing to raise the value of its currency, the renminbi, which would make Chinese goods more expensive for foreign buyers and possibly hold back exports. Beijing has responded with a gradual easing of restrictions on trading in the currency. Some Chinese fear that the rise of private enterprise and the demise of state-run industries carries heavy social costs such as unemployment and instability. Moreover, the fast-growing economy has fuelled the demand for energy. China is the largest oil consumer after the US, and the world's biggest producer and consumer of coal. It spends billions of dollars in pursuit of foreign energy supplies. There has been a massive investment in hydro-power, including the $25bn Three Gorges Dam project. Social discontent The economic disparity between urban China and the rural hinterlands is among the largest in the world. In recent decades many impoverished rural dwellers have flocked to the country's eastern cities, which have enjoyed a construction boom. By the beginning of 2012, city dwellers appeared to outnumber the rural population for the first time, according to official figures. Social discontent manifests itself in protests by farmers and workers. Tens of thousands of people travel to Beijing each year to lodge petitions with the authorities in the hope of finding redress for alleged corruption, land seizures and evictions. Other pressing problems include corruption, which affects every level of society, and the growing rate of HIV infection. A downside of the economic boom has been environmental degradation; China is home to many of the world's most-polluted cities. Human rights Human rights campaigners continue to criticise China for executing hundreds of people every year and for failing to stop torture, as well as for continuing to censor political and artistic expression. The country is keen to stamp down on what it sees as dissent among its ethnic minorities, including Muslim Uighurs in the north-west. Chinese rule over Tibet is controversial. Human rights groups accuse the authorities of the systematic destruction of Tibetan Buddhist culture and the persecution of monks loyal to the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader who is campaigning for autonomy within China.

বিশ্বের সবচাইতে বেশি জনসংখ্যার দেশ চীন। দেশটির জনসংখ্যা এখন একশো পঁয়ত্রিশ কোটির উপরে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The victim, in his 70s, was injured in an attack at London Central Mosque, near Regent's Park, which police are not treating as terror-related. He was taken to hospital by paramedics where his condition has been assessed as non-life threatening. A 29-year-old man was apprehended by worshippers who broke from prayer to restrain him until police arrived. In a statement, the mosque said the injured man was the muezzin, the person who makes the call to prayer, and he had been stabbed shortly after 15:00 GMT during afternoon prayer. The mosque's director general, Dr Ahmad Al Dubayan said he had a brief phone conversation with the muezzin in hospital, who said he was "okay and feeling well". Ayaz Ahmad, an adviser to the mosque, said the stabbing "would have been life-threatening if it wasn't for the worshippers". Images from inside the mosque showed a man wearing a red hooded top, jeans and with bare feet being pinned to the floor by police officers. One video showed a knife on the floor under a plastic chair. Mustafa Field, director of the Faiths Forum for London, told reporters the attack was "one stab, one strike, around the neck" of the victim. He said: "Then the congregation members, some of them broke their prayers, and intervened, restrained the individual." Abi Watik, who witnessed the attack, said the arrested man had been seen at the mosque previously and the muezzin was stabbed once in the shoulder. "He was praying behind him [the muezzin] and then he stabbed him. "He was waiting for him I think to start praying. He was right behind him." The 59-year-old added that the suspect "was silent the whole time". Dr Al Dubayan said: "We are so sad about what has happened and we hope it's just one off incident, not related or motivated by any kind of hatred." Miqdaad Versi, from the Muslim Council of Britain, said: "It is deeply concerning that this has happened... Given other recent attacks elsewhere, many Muslims are on edge," he said. Police believe the attack was an isolated incident and have increased patrols around the area to "provide reassurance to worshippers and the local community". Ch Supt Helen Harpe said: "A 29-year-old man was arrested at the scene and he has been taken into custody. "The man is believed to have been attending prayers inside the mosque. "This incident has undoubtedly caused a great deal of concern and we are working as swiftly as possible to establish the circumstances." Prime Minister Boris Johnson tweeted he was "deeply saddened" by the stabbing and his "thoughts are with the victim and all those affected". Mayor of London Sadiq Khan said the Met Police would be "providing extra resources in the area" following the attack. "Every Londoner is entitled to feel safe in their place of worship," he tweeted.

লন্ডন শহরের কেন্দ্রে এক মসজিদের ভেতরে ছুরি হামলা করায় হত্যাচেষ্টার অভিযোগে এক ব্যক্তিকে গ্রেপ্তার করেছে পুলিশ।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

In a statement, it said it would no longer observe limitations on its capacity for enrichment, the level of enrichment, the stock of enriched material, or research and development. The announcement followed a meeting of the Iranian cabinet in Tehran. Tensions have been high over the killing of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani by the US in Baghdad. Reports from Baghdad say the US embassy compound there was targeted in an attack on Sunday evening. A source told the BBC that four rounds of "indirect fire " had been launched in the direction of the embassy. There were no reports of casualties. What happened on Sunday? Hundreds of thousands turned out in Iran on Sunday to give Soleimani a hero's welcome ahead of his funeral on Tuesday. Earlier, Iraqi MPs had passed a non-binding resolution calling for foreign troops to leave the country after the general's killing in a drone strike at Baghdad airport on Friday. About 5,000 US soldiers are in Iraq as part of the international coalition against the Islamic State (IS) group. The coalition paused operations against IS in Iraq just before Sunday's vote. President Donald Trump has repeatedly threatened that the US will strike back at Iran in the event of retaliation for Soleimani's death, and said it could do so "perhaps in a disproportionate manner". The 2015 nuclear agreement with Iran, on life support ever since the Trump administration abandoned it in May 2018, may now be in its final death throes. Donald Trump, throughout his presidential campaign and then as president, has never failed to rail against what he calls his predecessor President Barack Obama's "bad deal". But all its other signatories - the UK, France, Russia, China, Germany and the EU - believe that it still has merit. The agreement, known as the JCPOA, constrained Iran's nuclear programme for a set period in a largely verifiable way. But its greatest significance - even more so given the current crisis - is that it helped to avert an imminent war. Before it was signed, there was mounting concern about Tehran's nuclear activities and every chance that Israel (or possibly Israel and the US in tandem) might attack Iran's nuclear facilities. Since the US withdrawal, Iran has successively breached key constraints of the JCPOA. Now it appears to be throwing these constraints out altogether. What matters now is what precisely it decides to do. Will it up its level of uranium enrichment, for example, to 20%? This would reduce significantly the time it would take Tehran to obtain suitable material for a bomb. Will it continue to abide by enhanced international inspection measures? We are now at the destination the Trump administration clearly hoped for in May 2018. But the major powers, while deeply unhappy about Iran's breaches of the deal, are also shocked at the controversial decision by Mr Trump to kill the head of Iran's Quds Force, a decision that has again brought the US and Iran to the brink of war. What is Iran's new stance on the nuclear deal? Under the 2015 accord, Iran agreed to limit its sensitive nuclear activities and allow in international inspectors in return for the lifting of crippling economic sanctions. US President Donald Trump abandoned it in 2018, saying he wanted to force Iran to negotiate a new deal that would place indefinite curbs on its nuclear programme and also halt its development of ballistic missiles. Iran refused, and had since been gradually rolling back its commitments under the agreement. It had been expected to announce its latest stance on the agreement this weekend, before news of Soleimani's death. Iranian state media announced on Sunday that the country will no longer respect any limits laid down in the 2015 deal. "Iran will continue its nuclear enrichment with no limitations and based on its technical needs," a statement said. However, the statement did not say that Iran was actually withdrawing from the agreement and it added that the country would continue to co-operate with the UN's nuclear watchdog, the IAEA. Iran, it said, was ready to return to its commitments once it enjoyed the benefits of the agreement. Correspondents say this is a reference to its inability to sell oil and have access to its income under US sanctions. How soon could Iran develop a nuclear bomb? The country has always insisted that its nuclear programme is entirely peaceful - but suspicions that it was being used to develop a bomb covertly prompted the UN Security Council, US and EU to impose crippling sanctions in 2010. The 2015 deal was designed to constrain the programme in a verifiable way in return for sanctions relief. It restricted Iran's enrichment of uranium, which is used to make reactor fuel but also nuclear weapons, to 3.67%. Iran was also required to redesign a heavy-water reactor being built, whose spent fuel would contain plutonium suitable for a bomb, and allow international inspections. Before July 2015, Iran had a large stockpile of enriched uranium and almost 20,000 centrifuges, enough to create eight to 10 bombs, according to the White House at the time. US experts estimated back then that if Iran had decided to rush to make a bomb, it would take two to three months until it had enough 90%-enriched uranium to build a nuclear weapon - the so-called "breakout time". Iran's current "breakout time", should it attempt to build a nuclear bomb, is estimated to be around a year, but this could be reduced to half a year or even a matter of months if enrichment levels are increased to 20%, for example. How has the international community reacted? The other parties to the 2015 deal - the UK, France, Germany, China and Russia - tried to keep the agreement alive after the US withdrew in 2018. Late on Sunday, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President Emmanuel Macron and British PM Boris Johnson released a joint statement urging Iran to drop measures that go against the deal. "We are ready to continue talks with all parties in order to contribute to de-escalating tensions and re-establishing stability in the region," they said. Earlier on Sunday Mr Johnson said "we will not lament" the death of Soleimani, describing him as "a threat to all our interests". EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell has invited Iran's Foreign Minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif, to visit Brussels to discuss both the nuclear deal and how to defuse the crisis over the Soleimani assassination.

ইরান ঘোষণা করেছে যে ২০১৫ সালের পরমাণু চুক্তিতে যেসব নিষেধাজ্ঞা আরোপ করা হয়েছিল, তার কোনটিই তারা আর মেনে চলবে না।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Harriet AgerholmBBC News But "fast fashion" is a major contributor to greenhouse gases, water and air pollution, creates problematic levels of waste, and often comes with poor working conditions in other countries. The Environmental Audit Committee demanded the government clean up the industry, making 18 recommendations covering environmental and labour practices. The government says it is dealing with the problem. Here's what sustainable fashion experts say we can we do to reduce the harmful effects of our shopping habits. 1. Buying less is more "The most important thing essentially is buying less," says Tolmeia Gregory, an environmental activist who blogs about ethical fashion under the name Tolly Dolly Posh. She says we need to get rid of the whole culture of buying clothing for specific occasions, such as nights out and holidays "At first people can get defensive. You can feel attacked," she says. "But we have to try our best to break through that and think of it as more of a hopeful thing." Kate Fletcher, Professor of Sustainability, Design, Fashion at the Centre for Sustainable Fashion, agrees. She says buying less clothing "is not at all some sort of devastating body blow". She recommends going through your wardrobe and "noticing what you've already got that adds to the quality of your life". "Many of us shop for things and realise it's the anticipation rather than the purchase that gives us satisfaction," she says. People experience "spikes of pleasure" when they are shopping, but are often uninterested in their purchases once they have them, she says. "In studies where people report how happy they are, beyond a level of consumption where the basic needs have been met, every additional new purchase adds very little to people's wellbeing." Aggressive marketing by clothing brands have "overridden this knowledge", she says. "What we actually see now is that having more tends to undermine the sense of wellbeing. "It is linked to isolation, higher levels of depression. It's actually making us less happy and less well connected." 2. Buy second hand Ms Fletcher - who has written several books on sustainable fashion - says the High Street offers "a very restricted range of pieces that people are choosing from endlessly". "If novelty and newness and change and variety is what you're interested in, there's much more to be gained through looking through things in your wardrobe or second hand purchases." Francesca Willow, who writes about sustainability on her blog, Ethical Unicorn, says: "Second hand is always the best option to look at first because it's extending the life of things that already exist. She says some are put off by the idea of charity shops because they have something specific they are looking for, but second hand apps that let you tailor your searches, like Depop and Vinted, are helpful. 3. Choose natural materials The sustainability blogger says people should avoid buying clothing made of virgin synthetic materials "at all costs". "I look for hemp or linen and organic cotton that meets the Global Organic Textile Standard or [are part of the global programme] the Better Cotton Initiative - although they aren't perfect," she says. And, she adds, we need to be extending the longevity of clothes. "It's about how you look after them - looking at the care instructions and washing them properly. "Most people wash their clothes too hot - washing them colder reduces energy consumption as well." When washing the synthetic fabrics you already own, use bags that catch the microfibres they release, as they can pollute the marine environment, she says. The bags are "not a solution", but can be used "as mitigation to a problem we've already caused", she says. 4. Do your research Before buying new clothing from a brand, Ms Willow says people should ask it where the item was made and by whom, she says. "Choosing brands that use factories with certifications from organisations like the Fair Wear Foundation can be helpful as they provide some guarantee of proper wages", she says. Many sustainability blogs have directories of more ethical brands that can also provide guidance, she says. "It can feel like a bit of a Wild West, to be honest, and it can be a lot of work for the consumer. That's why we need systemic and policy change," she says. "But it's easier to start with yourself. Learn the skills, then you can build it up, and it stops being overwhelming."

কম দামে নতুন পোশাক কিনতে আমরা সবাই ভালোবাসি। বেশিরভাগ সময়ই এগুলো আমরা দ্রুত এবং সস্তায় কিনি এবং একবার পড়ার পরেই তা ছুড়ে ফেলে দেই।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The signed document includes a pledge from Mr Kim to rid the Korean peninsula of nuclear weapons. But in an extraordinary media conference later, Mr Trump announced details not in the paper. He said he would halt US military exercises in South Korea, something widely seen as a concession. The meeting was the first time a sitting US president has met North Korea's leader, and caps a remarkable turnaround for the two. Last year saw the pair sling various insults at each other, while North Korea conducted several ballistic missile tests in defiance of the international community. For both men the meeting brought much to gain as well as considerable risk. Analysts say the meeting is seen by North Korea as a way of bringing legitimacy to a nation long regarded as a pariah. Should Mr Trump resolve the North's nuclear threat, he would have achieved something none of his predecessors came close to. What did they agree? The summit centred on nuclear disarmament and reducing tensions. The agreement said the two countries would co-operate towards "new relations", while the US would provide "security guarantees" to North Korea. On nuclear weapons, Mr Kim "reaffirmed his firm and unwavering commitment to complete denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula". Observers say the document lacks substance, in particular on how denuclearisation would be achieved. However, speaking to reporters after, Mr Trump said: Several reporters asked whether Mr Trump had raised the issue of human rights with Mr Kim, who runs a totalitarian regime with extreme censorship and forced-labour camps. The US president said he had, and did not retract his description of Mr Kim as "talented". "Well, he is very talented," Mr Trump said. "Anybody that takes over a situation like he did at 26 years of age and is able to run it and run it tough. I don't say he was nice." In a post-summit interview with ABC News, the president said he was confident that the agreement meant full denuclearisation. "Yeah, he's de-nuking, I mean he's de-nuking the whole place. It's going to start very quickly. I think he's going to start now," he said. "I think he trusts me and I trust him," Mr Trump added. What's the reaction been? Largely positive. South Korean President Moon Jae-in, who held his own meeting with Mr Kim earlier this year, said the "two Koreas and US will write new history of peace and co-operation". A spokesman, though, also said the "exact meaning and intention" of what Mr Trump had said "needs to be assessed". China, North Korea's only major diplomatic and economic ally, also said the meeting created a "new history". The foreign ministry said sanctions on North Korea could be eased if it stuck to UN resolutions. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe praised President Trump's "leadership and effort", saying he supported North Korea's pledge on denuclearisation as "a step towards the comprehensive resolution of issues around North Korea". But Russia warned that the "devil is in the detail" and Iran said North Korea should not trust the US. Mr Trump recently pulled the US out of a nuclear deal with Iran. Politics turned upside down Analysis by Anthony Zurcher, BBC North America reporter Two years ago Barack Obama travelled to Cuba - and was roundly denounced by conservatives for breaking bread with totalitarian leaders and praised by liberals for his statesmanship. Now, with Donald Trump's summit with Kim Jong-un, the tables have been turned. Mostly. On conservative Fox News and among Mr Trump's core supporters, the president was lauded for a historic diplomatic breakthrough. Among Democrats, there was more than a fair amount of concern that the president was engaging in a glorified publicity stunt with little chance of success. Republicans in Congress have been more measured. There was plenty of talk of "historic first steps", in Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell's words, but concern over how the yet-to-be negotiated verification details will turn out. A few other conservatives expressed dismay at seeing the US and North Korean flags side-by-side, and viewed Mr Trump's solicitous manner and warm words for Mr Kim as too much, given his nation's history of human rights violations. "Needless to say, we would've wrecked Obama for doing this," tweeted conservative blogger Allahpundit. Tuesday was the latest reminder that in just 16 months, US - and international - politics have been turned upside down. How the day unfolded The summit began with a striking image, unimaginable just months ago. The two men walked towards each other and firmly gripped each other's hands in front of US and North Korean flags. Sitting alongside each other, ahead of a one-on-one meeting, the pair appeared relaxed against the odds. "It was not easy to get here," Mr Kim said. "There were obstacles but we overcame them to be here." The two men, accompanied only by interpreters, spoke for a little under 40 minutes. They were then joined by small delegations of advisers for a working lunch. Over lunch they shared a mix of Western and Korean dishes, including stuffed cucumbers and Daegu jorim, a soy-braised fish dish.

উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং আনের সাথে এক ঐতিহাসিক শীর্ষ বৈঠক এবং চুক্তি স্বাক্ষরের পর মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন, তাদের মধ্যে 'দারুণ ভালো' আলোচনা হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By BBC PanoramaReporting team In footage shared with BBC Panorama, Princess Latifa Al Maktoum says commandos drugged her as she fled by boat and flew her back to detention. The secret messages have stopped - and friends are urging the UN to step in. Dubai and the UAE have previously said she is safe in the care of family. Ex-UN rights envoy Mary Robinson, who had described Latifa as a "troubled young woman" after meeting her in 2018, now says she was "horribly tricked" by the princess's family. The former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and president of Ireland has joined calls for international action to establish Latifa's current condition and whereabouts. "I continue to be very worried about Latifa. Things have moved on. And so I think it should be investigated," she said. Latifa's father, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, is one of the richest heads of state in the world, the ruler of Dubai and vice-president of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The videos were recorded over several months on a phone Latifa was secretly given about a year after her capture and return to Dubai. She recorded them in a bathroom as it had the only door she could lock. In the messages, she detailed how: Latifa's account of her capture and detention was revealed to Panorama by her close friend Tiina Jauhiainen, maternal cousin Marcus Essabri and campaigner David Haigh, who are all behind the Free Latifa campaign. They say they have taken the difficult decision to release the messages now out of concern for Latifa's safety. It was they who managed to establish contact with Latifa as she was held in a Dubai "villa", which she said had barred windows and police guards. Panorama has independently verified the details of where Latifa was held. Watch Panorama The Missing Princess is on BBC One in the UK on Tuesday at 20:30, or watch it later on BBC iPlayer Sheikh Mohammed has built a hugely successful city but rights activists say there is no tolerance of dissent and the judicial system can discriminate against women. He has a vast horse-racing enterprise and frequently attends major events such as Royal Ascot, where he has been pictured with Queen Elizabeth II. But he has faced severe criticism over Princess Latifa and also her stepmother, Princess Haya Bint Al Hussain, who fled to London in 2019 with her two children. The boat escape Latifa, now 35, first tried to flee at 16 but it was only after contacting French businessman Herve Jaubert in 2011 that a long-planned escape was put into motion. This was done with the help of Ms Jauhiainen, initially her instructor for capoeira, a Brazilian martial art. On 24 February 2018, Latifa and Ms Jauhiainen took an inflatable boat and jet ski to international waters, where Mr Jaubert was waiting in a US flagged yacht. But eight days later, off India, the boat was boarded by commandos. Ms Jauhiainen says smoke grenades forced her and Latifa out of hiding in the bathroom below deck and they were held at gunpoint. Latifa was returned to Dubai, and hadn't been heard from since until now. Ms Jauhiainen and the crew on the boat were freed after two weeks of detention in Dubai. The Indian government has never commented on its role. Before her 2018 escape attempt, Latifa recorded another video which was posted on YouTube after her capture. "If you are watching this video, it's not such a good thing, either I'm dead or I'm in a very, very, very bad situation," she said. It was this that sparked huge international concern and calls for her release. The UAE came under intense pressure to account for her and a meeting was arranged with Ms Robinson. The Robinson meeting She flew to Dubai in December 2018 at the request of her friend, Princess Haya, for a lunch at which Latifa was also present. Ms Robinson told Panorama she and Princess Haya had earlier been presented with details of Latifa's bipolar disorder, a condition she does not have. She said she did not ask Latifa about her situation because she did not want to "increase the trauma" of Latifa's "condition". Nine days after the lunch, the UAE's foreign ministry published photographs of Ms Robinson with Latifa, which it said was proof that the princess was safe and well. Ms Robinson said: "I was particularly tricked when the photographs went public. That was a total surprise... I was absolutely stunned." In 2019, the tensions within Dubai's ruling family were laid bare before England's High Court after one of the sheikh's wives, Princess Haya, fled to the UK with two of her children and applied for a protection order and non-molestation order against the sheikh. Last year, the High Court issued a series of fact-finding judgments that said Sheikh Mohammed had ordered and orchestrated the forcible return of Latifa in 2002 and 2018, as well as the unlawful abduction from the UK in 2000 of her older sister Princess Shamsa, who had also tried to escape. The court found Sheikh Mohammed "continues to maintain a regime whereby both these two young women are deprived of their liberty". Latifa's friends had hoped that the court case in March last year that ruled against Sheikh Mohammed, calling him "not honest" and in favour of Princess Haya, might help. On the decision to release the messages now, Ms Jauhiainen just says that "a lot of time has passed" since contact was lost. She says she thought hard about releasing the video messages now, but adds: "I feel that she would want us to fight for her, and not give up." The governments of Dubai and the UAE have failed to respond to requests for comment from the BBC about Latifa's current condition.

দুবাইয়ের শাসকের মেয়ে তিনি, ২০১৮ সালে পালিয়ে যাওয়ার চেষ্টা করেছিলেন। পরে বন্ধুদের কাছে একটি ভিডিও বার্তা পাঠিয়েছেন, যেখানে তিনি নিজের পিতার বিরুদ্ধেই অভিযোগ তুলেছেন যে তাকে "জিম্মি" করে রাখা হয়েছে এবং তিনি নিজের জীবন নিয়ে শঙ্কায় রয়েছেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Maha YahyaCarnegie Middle East Center More than five million Syrians have left their country since the war started in 2011. Most are now in neighbouring countries, with about 3.5 million in Turkey and one million in Lebanon. More than half a million travelled to Germany, with smaller numbers in other European nations. To find out what changes they hope for, the Carnegie Middle East Center held a series of meetings involving about 320 refugees in Lebanon and Jordan. Here are four things they told us they would like to see. 1. Safety for their children Many of the refugees we spoke to were not enthusiastic about permanently resettling abroad. They spoke of fears about cultural change and discrimination against their children. But they were also deeply concerned about the dangers their children could face if they go back to Syria. A recent report published by the Lancet suggested that one in four civilian deaths in 2016 was of a child and that about 14,000 had been killed since the war started. Most of the parents we spoke to characterised Syria as a place of uncertainty and danger. Their wartime experience has left them cautious about doing anything to jeopardise their children's future. One mother, Aisha from Homs, asked us: "Would anyone walk toward death on their feet?" There was great fear of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. Many of those we spoke to felt the safety needed to raise children would not be possible under his regime, and while armed groups remained in the country. 2. An end to conscription The younger the refugee we spoke to, the less they wanted to return to Syria. Hassan, an unregistered young refugee living in Beirut, put it: "Today, everyone who leaves Syria is considered a traitor." Like many others, he fears being accused of deserting his country and the possibility of reprisals. Young men in particular are concerned that they will be targeted by forced conscription into the army. Several recounted stories of young men who had returned to Syria only to get drafted and die at the front. Military service is compulsory for men from the age of 18. New laws have made it harder to avoid conscription, by reducing exemptions and imposing onerous fines for those who refuse to join up. Many young men spoke of their patriotism, the need to carry out civic duties and their respect for the army. However, a common sentiment was: "It is important to serve the country, but I did not want to kill my brethren or serve the regime." 3. Homes to return to Among those who do hope to return to Syria - despite the dangers and economic problems - most have nowhere to stay. The widespread destruction of Syria's towns and cities by the Syrian military, the Islamic State group and international forces have left entire neighbourhoods in ruins. The World Bank estimates that 30% of Syrian homes have been completely destroyed, or damaged. Many undamaged properties are occupied by regime-affiliated forces, pro-Iran militias or other Syrians displaced within the country. Lamia, from a rural area close to Damascus, told us: "They tell me that whichever house has an absentee owner is immediately occupied by the army, even if there is a tenant... They take the lease, throw the tenant out, and take the house." Many homes and buildings in Syria were built without permits, and most of the people we spoke to left without any documentation proving their ownership. Those returning home have little legal recourse to reclaim their properties - a task made worse by the destruction of those records which did exist. More stories like this: 4. Safety and security Of the refugees we spoke to, eight out of 10 fled Syria following an incident that made them fear for their safety. Many described arbitrary arrests by Syrian forces, the death of family or friends and the deteriorating security conditions in their neighbourhoods. Tareq, a young refugee from Homs, told us he had no trust in the idea that Syria is safe to return to and of his fears about the actions of Syrian military officers. "I used to work as an undertaker in Syria. My job was to bury the martyrs," he said. "When I saw what they had done to them, how they were cut up with knives - no way, there is no trust. Even if they secure everything we need, there is no trust." The overwhelming majority of those we spoke to saw their best chance of returning to a country where more than 350,000 people have been killed and 5.6m have become refugees, as the removal of President Assad. Even if jobs and services were available, few believed the security and stability they want would exist if he remained in power. Kholoud, a refugee from rural Damascus summed up her feelings: "If Bashar al-Assad is removed and there is security in Syria, even if there is no food or drink, we would get flour and make it with our hands." Many also expressed concern over the presence of various armed foreign groups in the country and the general lawlessness that they represent. The majority of Syrians we spoke to also rejected the idea of a fragmented Syria, broken into parts controlled by different forces. A unified nation was seen as overwhelmingly important. Many also spoke of a Syria that strived for new values, including freedom, equality, and justice, in a country that is democratically governed under the rule of law. The displaced Syrians wanted their concerns to be heard. As one young refugee said: "We want a solution that will give us back our dignity - no more, no less." The names in this piece have been changed to protect the identity of the refugees. About this piece This analysis piece was commissioned by the BBC from an expert working for an outside organisation. Maha Yahya is director of the Carnegie Middle East Center, where her work includes the political, social and economic implications of migration and the refugee crisis. Follow her at @mahamyahya The centre is part of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and more details about its work can be found here. Edited by Duncan Walker

ভয়াবহ যুদ্ধের কারণেই বাড়িঘর ছেড়ে বাস্তুচ্যুত হয়েছে সিরিয়ার বহু মানুষ। কিন্তু যুদ্ধ শেষ হলেও কি তারা ফিরতে পারবে?

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The president's remarks followed the US assassination of Qasem Soleimani, a top Iranian general, in a drone strike. Soleimani's killing was a major escalation between the two nations, and Iran vowed to take "severe revenge". Writing on Twitter, Mr Trump accused Iran of "talking very boldly about targeting certain USA assets". He said the US had identified 52 Iranian sites, some "at a very high level & important to Iran & the Iranian culture", and warned they would be "HIT VERY FAST AND HARD" if Tehran struck at the US. The president said the targets represented 52 Americans who were held hostage in Iran for more than a year from late 1979 after they were taken from the US embassy in Tehran. Shortly after the president's tweets were posted, the website of a US government agency appeared to have been hacked by a group calling itself "Iran Cyber Security Group Hackers". A message on the American Federal Depository Library Programme site read: "This is a message from the Islamic Republic of Iran. "We will not stop supporting our friends in the region: the oppressed people of Palestine, the oppressed people of Yemen, the people and the Syrian government, the people and government of Iraq, the oppressed people of Bahrain, the true Mujahideen resistance in Lebanon and Palestine, [they] will always be supported by us." The web page contained a doctored image of President Trump, depicting him being hit in the face and bleeding at the mouth. "This is only small part of Iran's cyber ability!" read text on the site. What happened earlier on Saturday? Mr Trump's tweets followed a huge funeral procession for General Soleimani held in Baghdad, where he was killed in a targeted drone strike on Friday as he left the airport in a convoy. Mourners waved Iraqi and militia flags and chanted "death to America". Several rocket attacks shook the area shortly after the procession, including one in the Green Zone near the US embassy. The Iraqi military said nobody had been hurt. No group immediately claimed responsibility for the rocket attacks. Pro-Iranian militants have been blamed for other recent attacks. Soleimani's body arrived back in Iran on Sunday, the country's IRIB news agency reported. With Iran already threatening harsh reprisals for the killing of the Quds Force commander, President Trump has clearly determined that the best way to de-escalate is to raise the stakes in advance, making clear what will happen if Tehran follows through on its threats. The Trump tweet is curious in many ways - not least the symbolic mention of 52 Iranian targets being held at risk - a reference to the 52 US hostages seized in the US Embassy in Tehran back in November 1979. His mention of targets important "to the Iranian culture" suggests a much wider target list than just leadership, military or economic sites. President Trump is struggling to establish some kind of deterrence. But the ball is now very clearly in Iran's court and it is very hard to see how Tehran can fail to act. Mr Trump has pursued a contradictory policy ever since he abandoned the nuclear agreement with Tehran - increasing economic pressure, threatening military action, but actually doing very little, even when Iran shot down a sophisticated US drone and struck oil installations in Saudi Arabia. Above all, he has repeatedly underscored his and Washington's fatigue with its military involvement in the region. This as much as anything else has undermined US deterrence, something Mr Trump is now seeking, belatedly, to restore. Why did the US kill Soleimani? General Soleimani was widely seen as the second most powerful figure in Iran, behind Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The 62-year-old spearheaded Iran's Middle East operations as head of the elite Quds Force, and was hailed as a heroic national figure. But the US branded the commander and the Quds Force terrorists, holding them responsible for the deaths of hundreds of US personnel. Speaking on Friday afternoon, President Trump said Soleimani was "plotting imminent and sinister attacks" on US diplomats and military personnel in Iraq and elsewhere in the region. The general was killed by an air strike at Baghdad airport early on Friday, on the orders of President Trump. The president said the action was taken to stop, not start, a war. Iran's Ayatollah Khamenei said "severe revenge awaits the criminals" behind the US attack. Soleimani's death would double "resistance" against the US and Israel, he added. Iraqis are also mourning the death of Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an Iraqi who commanded the Iranian-backed Kataib Hezbollah group and was killed along with Soleimani. The group issued a warning to Iraqi security forces to "stay clear of American bases by a distance not less [than] 1,000m (0.6 miles) starting Sunday evening", al-Mayadeen TV reported. In response to Iranian threats of revenge, the US has sent 3,000 more troops to the Middle East and advised its citizens to leave Iraq. On Saturday the White House sent the US Congress formal notification of Friday's drone strike - in line with a 1973 law that states the administration must alert Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to immediate or imminent military action. It was expected to clarify the authority under which the strike was launched, and the expected type and duration of military involvement. The notification is classified. Nancy Pelosi, the top Congressional Democrat, said it "prompts serious and urgent questions about the timing, manner and justification of the administration's decision to engage in hostilities against Iran".

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প হুঁশিয়ার করে বলেছেন, তেহরান যদি আমেরিকার নাগরিক কিংবা মার্কিন সম্পদের উপর হামলা চালায় তাহলে তার জবাবে ইরানের ৫২টি লক্ষ্যবস্তুতে পাল্টা হামলা চালানো হবে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

While thousands of miles apart, protests have begun for similar reasons in several countries, and some have taken inspiration from each other on how to organise and advance their goals. Here's a look at the issues at stake - and what binds many of those taking to the streets. Inequality Many of those protesting are people who have long felt shut out of the wealth of their country. In several cases, a rise in prices for key services has proved the final straw. Demonstrations began in Ecuador last month when the government announced that it was scrapping decades-old fuel subsidies as part of public spending cuts agreed with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The change led to a sharp rise in petrol prices, which many said they could not afford. Indigenous groups feared that the measure would result in increased costs for public transport and food, and that their rural communities would be hardest hit. Protesters blocked highways, stormed parliament and clashed with security forces as they demanded an end to austerity and the return of fuel subsidies. The government backed down after days of mass protests and the action came to an end. Bolivian President Evo Morales, who resigned in November following weeks of protests, introduced public works projects and social programmes to tackle inequality when he took office in 2006. Extreme poverty then stood at 38% and had fallen to 17% by 2018. However, his critics said that in the past two years levels of extreme poverty in Bolivia had again been on the rise. A hike in transport prices has also sparked protests in Chile. The government blamed higher energy costs and a weaker currency for its decision to increase bus and metro fares, but protesters said it was just the latest measure to squeeze the poor. As demonstrators clashed with security forces on Friday evening, President Sebastián Piñera was pictured dining in an upmarket Italian restaurant - a sign, some said, of the chasm between Chile's political elite and the people on the streets. Chile is one of Latin America's wealthiest countries but also one of its most unequal - it has the worst levels of income equality among the 36 member nations of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Like in Ecuador, the government backtracked and suspended its fare hike in an effort to quell the protests. But the protests continued, growing to take in wider grievances. "This is not a simple protest over the rise of metro fares, this is an outpouring for years of oppression that have hit mainly the poorest," one student taking part in the action told Reuters news agency. Lebanon has seen similar unrest, with plans to tax WhatsApp calls prompting wider protests about economic problems, inequality and corruption. With debt levels soaring, the government has been trying to implement economic reforms to secure a major aid package from international donors. But many ordinary people say they are suffering under the country's economic policies and that government mismanagement is to blame for their troubles. "We are not here over the WhatsApp, we are here over everything: over fuel, food, bread, over everything," said Abdullah, a protester in Beirut. Corruption Claims of government corruption are at the heart of several of the protests, and are closely linked to the issue of inequality. In Lebanon, protesters argue that while they are suffering under an economic crisis, the country's leaders have been using their positions of power to enrich themselves, through kickbacks and favourable deals. "I've seen a lot of things here but I have never seen such a corrupt government in Lebanon," said 50-year-old protester Rabab. The government on Monday approved a package of reforms, including slashing politicians' salaries, in an effort to quell the unrest. People in Iraq have also been calling for the end of a political system that they say has failed them. One of the main points of contention there is the way government appointments are made on the basis of sectarian or ethnic quotas, instead of on merit. Demonstrators argue that this has allowed leaders to abuse public funds to reward themselves and their followers, with very little benefit to most citizens. Protests against alleged government corruption have also taken place in Egypt. The rare demonstrations in September were prompted by a call from Mohamed Ali, an Egyptian businessman living in self-imposed exile in Spain, who accused President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi and the military of corruption. His allegations that Mr Sisi and his government have been mishandling funds resonated with many Egyptians who have grown increasingly disaffected by austerity measures. In Bolivia's 2019 presidential election, many voters cited corruption as their biggest concern and blamed Evo Morales for failing to tackle the issue. Political freedom In some countries, protesters are angered by political systems in which they feel trapped. Demonstrations in Hong Kong began this summer over a bill that would have allowed criminal suspects to be extradited to mainland China in certain circumstances. Hong Kong is part of China but its people enjoy special freedoms and there is a deep sense of fear that Beijing wants to exert greater control. Like fellow protesters in Chile and Lebanon, the mass action in Hong Kong led to the withdrawal of the controversial legislation, but the protests themselves continued. Among their demands, protesters now want complete universal suffrage, an independent inquiry into alleged police brutality and amnesty for demonstrators who have been arrested. Their tactics have inspired political activists halfway across the world. Hundreds of thousands of people have rallied in Barcelona to express anger over the jailing of Catalan separatist leaders. The separatists were convicted on 14 October of sedition over their role in a 2017 referendum outlawed by the Spanish courts and a subsequent declaration of independence. Shortly after the sentence was given, people in Barcelona received a message on a popular encrypted messaging service telling them to go to Barcelona's El Prat airport, mimicking a tactic used by Hong Kong protesters. As they made their way to the airport, a group of youths shouted: "We're going to do a Hong Kong", according to local media reports. Catalan protesters have also been distributing infographics made in Hong Kong that detail how demonstrators can protect themselves from police water cannon and tear gas. "Now people must be in the streets, all revolts start there, look at Hong Kong," one protester in Barcelona told AFP news agency. In Bolivia, Evo Morales's decision to run for a fourth consecutive term in October angered many voters. In a 2016 referendum, a majority had voted "no" to dropping the limit of term numbers that Bolivians could serve. But Mr Morales's party took the issue to the constitutional court, which abolished the term limits altogether. Climate change Of course, many of the protests that you hear about will have been linked to the environment and climate change. Activists from the Extinction Rebellion movement have been protesting in cities around the world, as they demand urgent action from governments. The protests have taken place in countries including the US, UK, Germany, Spain, Austria, France and New Zealand. Participants have glued and chained themselves to roads and vehicles, and tried to disrupt busy city centres. "We have no choice but to rebel until our government declares a climate and ecological emergency and takes the action that is required to save us," said Australian activist Jane Morton. Young people around the world have also been joining weekly school strikes, inspired by 16-year-old Swedish activist Greta Thunberg. Millions last month joined a global climate strike led by schoolchildren, from handfuls of demonstrators on Pacific islands to mass rallies in cities like Melbourne, Mumbai, Berlin and New York. "We are skipping our lessons to teach you one," one sign read. Earlier this year, Evo Morales faced protests over huge fires which raged in protected eastern areas of Bolivia. Demonstrators called for him to revoke a decree that authorised "controlled burning" to help farmers create bigger plots for crops.

গত কয়েক সপ্তাহে পৃথিবীর বিভিন্ন প্রান্তের দেশ যেমন লেবানন, স্পেন ও চিলিতে ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে ব্যাপক বিক্ষোভ। এই আন্দোলনগুলোর ধরণ, সেগুলোর কারণ এবং এগুলোর লক্ষ্যের মধ্যে ফারাক থাকলেও কিছু বিষয়ে বিক্ষোভগুলোতে সাযুজ্য রয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Among the residents are Bengali- and Assamese-speaking Hindus, and a medley of tribespeople. A third of its 32 million residents are Muslims, the second-highest number after Indian-administered Kashmir. Many of them are descendants of immigrants who settled under British rule. But illegal migration from neighbouring Bangladesh has been a concern for decades now. A six-year indigenous protest - during which hundreds of people were murdered - led to a 1985 pact between the federal government and protesters. It was agreed that anyone who entered Assam without proper documentation after 24 March 1971 would be declared a foreigner. Now, the publication of the controversial National Register of Citizens (NRC) reveals, according to officials, that some four million of Assam's residents are illegal foreigners. Separate specially-formed courts in the last few years had already declared as foreigners some 1,000 residents - mostly Bengali-speaking Muslims - and interned them in half-a-dozen detention camps. In an echo of US President Donald Trump's policy to separate undocumented parents and children, families have been similarly broken up in Assam. The latest move to make millions of people stateless overnight has sparked fears of violence in what is already a tinderbox state. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which rules the state, has insisted in the past that illegal Muslim immigrants will be deported. But neighbouring Bangladesh will definitely not accede to such a request. Chances are India will end up creating the newest cohort of stateless people, raising the spectre of a homegrown crisis that will echo the Rohingya people who fled Myanmar for Bangladesh. Stripped of their Indian citizenship, the affected people in Assam, many of whom have lived there for decades, will be suddenly unable to vote, access welfare or own property. Those who already own property could easily become targets of envious neighbours. At a time when the UN refugee agency is vowing to end statelessness - there are some 10 million stateless people in the world - this will be a major embarrassment for India. Mr Modi's government has already shown nervousness. A senior minister said people not listed on the NRC would not be kept in detention camps and would be given a last chance to prove their citizenship by the end of the year. At the same time, there are plans to build a vast, new detention camp for people who are unable to prove their citizenship. Also, according to lawyers, people whose names are not on the list can appeal to the special courts. It could take years, if not decades, to decide on the fate of tens of thousands of people. "In short, this is a complete mess of affairs," says Subir Bhaumik, author of Troubled Periphery, a study of India's troubled north-east. "The potential for chaos is huge. There will be panic among the minorities. Bangladesh will fear an influx of new refugees. Detention camps packed with stateless people will invite international attention, and bleed the exchequer." There's little doubt that illegal migration is a serious issue for Assam. Its population has grown at a much higher rate than in the rest of India, raising suspicions of substantial informal migration across the porous borders it shares with Bangladesh. Thousands fled to Assam during the 1971 war with Pakistan. This has hurt the state in more ways than one: land ownership has declined, plot sizes have shrunk and landlessness has risen. Estimates of illegal foreigners range from four million to 10 million. Most of them are engaged in farm work. According to one estimate, they have a sizeable presence in 15 of Assam's 33 districts. Some 100 special courts have already declared more than 85,000 people foreigners since 1985. But many argue that Mr Modi's BJP has whipped up religious tension over the crisis for electoral gain - the party says illegal Muslims should be deported while illegal Hindus can remain. "Rightly or wrongly the citizenship issue has become a crucial talking point and an issue in Assam politics. Unless it is settled, you cannot go forward," says Hiren Gohain, a leading Assamese author and social scientist. "Who are the genuine citizens in the state and who are the aliens needs to be ascertained." A hastily executed citizenship test which has cost India $180m (£137m) so far and has ended up fanning xenophobia and distrust surely cannot be the answer.

ভারতের আসাম রাজ্যে লাখ লাখ মানুষের পরিচয় ও নাগরিকত্বের বিষয়টি বহুদিন ধরেই তাদের জন্যে উদ্বেগের কারণ।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Warning: This story includes Adams' photo of the moment of the shooting, and graphic descriptions of it. The snub-nosed pistol is already recoiling in the man's outstretched arm as the prisoner's face contorts from the force of a bullet entering his skull. To the left of the frame, a watching soldier seems to be grimacing in shock. It's hard to not feel the same repulsion, and guilt, with the knowledge one is looking at the precise moment of death. Ballistic experts say the picture - which became known as Saigon Execution - shows the microsecond the bullet entered the man's head. Eddie Adams's photo of Brigadier General Nguyen Ngoc Loan shooting a Viet Cong prisoner is considered one of the most influential images of the Vietnam War. At the time, the image was reprinted around the world and came to symbolise for many the brutality and anarchy of the war. It also galvanised growing sentiment in America about the futility of the fight - that the war was unwinnable. "There's something in the nature of a still image that deeply affects the viewer and stays with them," says Ben Wright, associate director for communications at the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History. The centre, based at the University of Texas at Austin, houses Adams's archive of photos, documents and correspondence. "The film footage of the shooting, while ghastly, doesn't evoke the same feelings of urgency and stark tragedy." But the photo did not - could not - fully explain the circumstances on the streets of Saigon on 1 February 1968, two days after the forces of the People's Army of Vietnam and the Viet Cong launched the Tet Offensive. Dozens of South Vietnamese cities were caught by surprise. Heavy street fighting had pitched Saigon into chaos when South Vietnamese military caught a suspected Viet Cong squad leader, Nguyen Van Lem, at the site of a mass grave of more than 30 civilians. Adams began taking photos as Lem was frogmarched through the streets to Loan's jeep. Loan stood beside Lem before pointing his pistol at the prisoner's head. "I thought he was going to threaten or terrorise the guy," Adams recalled afterwards, "so I just naturally raised my camera and took the picture." Lem was believed to have murdered the wife and six children of one of Loan's colleagues. The general fired his pistol. "If you hesitate, if you didn't do your duty, the men won't follow you," the general said about the suddenness of his actions. Loan played a crucial role during the first 72 hours of the Tet Offensive, galvanising troops to prevent the fall of Saigon, according to Colonel Tullius Acampora, who worked for two years as the US Army's liaison officer to Loan. Adams said his immediate impression was that Loan was a "cold, callous killer". But after travelling with him around the country he revised his assessment. "He is a product of modern Vietnam and his time," Adams said in a dispatch from Vietnam. By May the following year, the photo had won Adams a Pulitzer Prize for spot news photography. Despite this crowning journalistic achievement and letters of congratulation from fellow Pulitzer winners, President Richard Nixon and even school children across America, the photo would come to haunt Adams. "I was getting money for showing one man killing another," Adams said at a later awards ceremony. "Two lives were destroyed, and I was getting paid for it. I was a hero." Adams and Loan stayed in touch, even becoming friends after the general fled South Vietnam at the end of the war for the United States. But upon Loan's arrival, US Immigration and Nationalization Services wanted to deport him, a move influenced by the photo. They approached Adams to testify against Loan, but Adams instead testified in his favour. Adams even appeared on television to explain the circumstances of the photograph. Congress eventually lifted the deportation and Loan was allowed to stay, opening a restaurant in a Washington, DC suburb serving hamburgers, pizza and Vietnamese dishes. An old Washington Post newspaper article photo shows an older smiling Loan sitting at the restaurant counter. But he was eventually forced into retirement when publicity about his past soured business. Adams recalled that on his last visit to the restaurant he found abusive graffiti about Loan scrawled in the toilet. Hal Buell, Adams' photo editor at the AP, says Saigon Execution still holds sway 50 years later because the photo, "in one frame, symbolises the full war's brutality". "Like all icons, it summarises what has gone before, captures a current moment and, if we are smart enough, tells us something about the future brutality all wars promise." And Buell says the experience taught Adams about the limits of a single photograph telling a whole story. "Eddie is quoted as saying that photography is a powerful weapon," Buell says. "Photography by its nature is selective. It isolates a single moment, divorcing that moment from the moments before and after that possibly lead to adjusted meaning." Adams went on to an expansive photography career, winning more than 500 photojournalism awards and photographing high-profile figures including Ronald Reagan, Fidel Castro and Malcolm X. Despite all he achieved after Vietnam, the moment of his most famous photograph would always remain with Adams. "Two people died in that photograph," Adams wrote following Loan's death from cancer in 1998. "The general killed the Viet Cong; I killed the general with my camera." More on this story

ফটো সাংবাদিক এডি এডামস ভিয়েতনাম যু্দ্ধের সবচেয়ে বিতর্কিত এবং আলোচিত ছবিগুলোর একটি তুলেছিলেন। ৫০ বছর আগে ভিয়েতকং গেরিলারা যখন তাদের 'টেট অফেনসিভ' শুরু করে, সেই যুদ্ধের সময়েই ঘটেছিল ঠান্ডা মাথায় এক ভিয়েতকং বন্দীকে গুলি করে হত্যার ঘটনা। এই একটি মাত্র ছবি কিভাবে মার্কিন জনমত ঘুরিয়ে দিয়েছিল, বিশ্ব বিবেককে নাড়া দিয়েছিল, তা নিয়ে বহু আলোচনা হয়েছে। কিন্তু ঠিক কিভাবে ছবিটি তোলা হয়েছিল আর কি ঘটেছিল এই ছবিটি তোলার পরে?

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Sue MitchellBBC News, Bradford Ruba Bibi had not wanted to marry so young. She had planned to do A-levels and go to university, but before she had finished her GCSEs her parents arranged for her to marry Saqib Mehmood, her cousin, in Pakistan. Born and brought up in Bradford, Ruba had visited Pakistan twice before the wedding - once when she was four and once when she was 12. She couldn't really remember the man she was now engaged to and had never spent time alone with him. He was 27 and worked as a driver. She was 17. "I was really nervous because I didn't really know him," she remembers. "I was really shy, I couldn't talk much and I hadn't ever had any interest in boys or anything like that. I was scared and asked my parents to delay things to let me finish school, but they couldn't." After three months in Pakistan she was pregnant. She returned to Bradford two months later, shocked to be having a baby so soon. But also happy. When their son, Hassam, was born in 2007 she excitedly called Saqib to tell him that all was well, although the baby seemed to sleep a lot and had trouble feeding. "I just thought it was normal," Ruba says. Find out more Listen to Born in Bradford on Radio 4 at 11:00 on Friday 14 December Click here for earlier Born in Bradford programmes, with Winifred Robinson, dating back to 2012 A few weeks later she went for a check-up, and as the GP watched Hassam moving she noted that his hip seemed stiff. "She said she was going to refer him, but I thought it was something minor. They did some tests and then I got a call saying I had to come to the children's ward for his results," Ruba says. "When I went in, the doctor told me it was very bad news. She gave me a leaflet and said he has this condition and it's very rare. It was too much for me to take in and I was just crying. I came home and rang my husband in Pakistan, who tried to calm me down. He told me that everyone goes through problems and that we would get through this together." Ruba had no idea that both she and her cousin carried the recessive gene for I-cell, a rare inherited condition that prevents a child growing and developing properly. Seven months later Saqib received a visa to live in the UK, and was able to hold his son for the first time. "He said he looked like normal baby. He wasn't sitting or crawling, but my husband said some children were just slow," Ruba says. She, however, could see a big difference between her son and other babies the same age. Hassam was growing slowly, and was in and out of hospital with chest infections. And as he got older his head increased in size. When their next child, Alishbah, was born in 2010 tests confirmed immediately that she, too, had I-cell disease. She died at the age of three, towards the end of 2013 - just over a year after her elder brother. Before getting pregnant a third time, Ruba consulted Mufti Zubair Butt, the Muslim chaplain at Leeds Teaching Hospital, to ask what her religion would make of screening during pregnancy - and termination if I-cell was confirmed. He told her that it would be an acceptable course of action, but advised her to think very carefully. "If you have this condition where the child is going to die in any case, or even if it doesn't die soon, it will have debilitating illness, that's sufficient reason to terminate before the soul enters the body, based on the sayings of the prophet," he said. But he also said that she shouldn't do this just because she had a green light to do so, as it was something she would have to live with for the rest of her life. And he advised her to consider the views of those in her community, many of whom were likely to oppose termination. "To overcome that, on a personal level, that's a great challenge as well," he said. Born in Bradford Ruba decided she would not want to terminate a pregnancy. So when she got pregnant with her third child, Inara, in 2015, she refused the medical scans she was offered and turned down repeated requests from doctors to be screened. "I wanted them to treat it like a normal pregnancy. I didn't want them to put the doubt in my head. I wasn't going to have an abortion, so I wanted to enjoy the pregnancy," she says. "I used to say to my husband there could be a chance this baby is ill as well, but he said, 'It's fine.' I think I had a lot of doubt - I knew the odds were the same as for the other two." But Inara too was born with I-cell disorder. "I was really happy that I had a baby, but when we saw her we kind of knew," says Ruba. "I was sad and upset that we went through all the pregnancy and we really wanted a healthy baby. I didn't know how much pain she would go through - but my husband was happy. He said, 'Just be grateful.'" Inara died almost exactly a year ago, at the age of two. She fell ill with a chest infection last December and her condition deteriorated quickly. She was taken from the Bradford Royal Infirmary to York. "The doctors in York were trying to do 100% to keep her alive, I did have that hope but I could see she was in pain. She was sedated until she passed away. I had her in my arms for most of the time, then I lay down beside her. My husband realised she was taking her last breaths." Ruba says she has no idea how they have all endured the pain of losing three children and of suffering six miscarriages, the last just weeks after Inara's death. "I didn't even know I was pregnant at that time and I miscarried after the funeral," she says. She says it was Inara's death that made her accept a link between her children's misfortunes and cousin marriage. For a long time she just did not believe it, in part because she saw other ill and disabled children at the hospice and it was clear that not all of them were conceived by married cousins. Some were from the white community. "My husband still doesn't believe it," she says. "I believe it now because it's happened three times, so there must be something in what they're saying. It must be true." Cousin marriage After Inara's death, some of Ruba and Saqib's relatives, both in the UK and in Pakistan, came to the conclusion that they were unlikely to have a healthy child - and argued that the marriage should therefore end in a "happy separation". This would allow both partners to remarry and have healthy children with someone else. "We both said no," Ruba says. "My husband says: 'If God is going to give me kids, then he can give me them from you. He's given me kids from you and he can give me healthy kids from you. If it's written, it's written for you. I'm not going to get married again and neither can you get married again, we are both going to try together.'" And although Ruba was reluctant to marry in 2007, after 10 years of married life she doesn't want to part. "Relatives wanted us to be happily separated for the kids, so that I can have healthy kids with someone else and so could he. But what if I do have healthy kids with someone, they might not make me feel like he makes me feel? I might have kids but not a happy marriage. It might not be successful marriage, and I don't want to bring kids up as a single parent. I have heard about people doing this but it's not for us." But what options does this leave them? One possibility is to have IVF. This would enable doctors to screen embryos, rejecting those with I-cell disease, and selecting a healthy embryo to implant in Ruba's womb. Saqib is not enthusiastic about this, Ruba says. "He just says that whatever Allah is going to give us is meant to be - if we're destined to have a child like this then we can have it in any circumstances," she says. For her part, Ruba would like to try IVF - but the length of the waiting list is a drawback. "I want it to happen quickly. If you wait for something for a long time then it's more tempting to try naturally," she says. Her husband has been to appointments with her but it's hard for him to take time off from the bakery where he works and he doesn't speak much English. "He sits there not knowing what they're saying," she says. "He isn't keen, but says it's up to me." Ruba says she cannot predict what will happen, but is concerned about what any naturally conceived child may have to endure. "I thought the first time, when Hassam was diagnosed, that I couldn't do this, but I've done it three times so I'm not sure," she says. "But it isn't fair for the child to go through so much pain." The three children The couple's experiences have led others in the family, including Ruba's brother, to reject cousin marriage. "We never use to think about the risks - up to my children we've never thought it was wrong to marry in the family, but because I've been through it my other relatives do think twice about going in the family," Ruba says. "Ten years ago I just accepted what my parents said, but now our cousins have been given a choice and they're saying no to that. Our younger generation have been given a choice and if they don't like it they can speak up about it." As well as losing three children, Ruba has also suffered six miscarriages, the last just weeks after Inara's death. She hadn't realised she was pregnant at the time, but miscarried after the funeral, when Inara was buried alongside her brother and sister. She is sustained by her religion and supported by her parents. "God only burdens a person with how much they can take. Sometimes I think people are so lucky, they don't have to try hard and they get a healthy child, but sometimes those children bring trouble when grow up and so those tests placed on them are different," Ruba says. "In this life I'm the unluckiest person, but in the next life I will be the luckiest because they were innocent children. And those children help you in the next life, because you will be with them." You may also be interested in: Elle Wright lost her son Teddy soon after he was born and wants to challenge the idea that a person can only be considered a parent if they have a living child. Read: My baby died. Please ask me his name Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.

রুবা এবং সাকিব- এই দম্পতি তাদের শরীরে এমন এক জিন বহন করছেন যার ফলে তাদের শিশু শৈশবেই মৃত্যুর তীব্র ঝুঁকিতে ছিল । এরইমধ্যে তারা তিনটি শিশুকে হারিয়েছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Reality Check teamBBC News Chinese state media says both sides will discuss the political tensions on the Korean Peninsula, but China is also North Korea's most important economic partner. North Korea urgently needs food aid as a result of failed rains and a poor harvest. So who's sending aid to North Korea and how has this been affected by sanctions imposed against Pyongyang? Severity of shortages North Korean state media says the country is currently facing its worst drought in four decades. The United Nations recently estimated that more than 10 million people - around 40% of the population - are facing severe food shortages. North Koreans have been surviving on just 300g per person a day, according to an assessment by the UN. In the 1990s, a devastating famine is believed to have killed hundreds of thousands of people. Who is sending aid? China is almost certainly North Korea's largest aid donor but the extent of that support is difficult to determine. That's because Beijing also provides aid on a bilateral basis, rather than just co-ordinating through the UN. China sent 240,074 tonnes of food aid in 2012 - more than 80 times the amount the European Commission gave North Korea that year - according to the UN. In 2016, Beijing announced it was providing $3m in humanitarian aid to flood-hit North Korea after international agencies failed to raise sufficient funds. A report to US Congress in 2014 said: "China, currently believed to be North Korea's largest source of food aid, has no known monitoring systems in place." Other nations offer humanitarian support to North Korea through UN agencies, NGOs and the International Red Cross. In response to the latest crisis, the UN has requested $120m from donors. This week South Korea announced it was sending 50,000 tonnes of rice to North Korea through the World Food Programme (WFP). This is in addition to $8m pledged in June by South Korea. Russia says it's sent 4,000 tonnes of wheat in addition to $4m. Other countries which have responded to the UN appeal include Switzerland, Sweden, Canada, Norway, France, Germany, Denmark, Finland and Ireland. Impact of sanctions The existing international sanctions against North Korea do not explicitly prohibit humanitarian assistance. However, sanctions have had impact on food production, argues Professor Hazel Smith of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London. "The UN sanctions from 2016 explicitly prohibited the export to North Korea of necessary agricultural inputs of oil-based and natural gas products that comprise the raw materials for fertilizers pesticides and inputs into irrigation," she says. "Without oil based products, yields go down and much less food is produced." Aid organisations say the existence of sanctions also makes it very difficult to operate in North Korea. This month, a Finnish charity prematurely ended its food security and healthcare project, saying US sanctions made continued operations "impossible". Declining aid flows With tense diplomatic relations between Pyongyang and the rest of the world over the past decade, aid flows have come under increasing strain. Since 2012, the UN says the gap between funds required and received for North Korea has been widening. This is also reflected in data provided by the WFP for food aid shipments, which have shown a steady decline since 2015 despite the regular requests for support from UN agencies. The decline in support for the North from South Korea has been particularly stark over the past decade. For the decade after 2007 there was little aid of any kind provided either directly by the government or from South Korean NGOs. This, however, has changed with the humanitarian support pledged in response to the latest crisis. The United States used to be a major provider of aid to North Korea. According to a Congressional Research Service report from 2014, the US accounted for more than half of the food aid from 1995 to 2008. Since then, aid has been sporadically given, but this has been hampered by North Korean nuclear tests and plans to launch rockets. In 2017, after a gap of six years, the US gave $1m to Unicef to assist with massive floods in North Korea. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

চীনের প্রেসিডেন্ট হিসাবে শী জিনপিং এ সপ্তাহে প্রথমবারের মতো উত্তর কোরিয়া সফর করতে যাচ্ছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Currently, 12% of cancers in women are linked to smoking, and 7% to being overweight and obese. But with the number of smokers falling and obesity rates projected to rise, the charity estimates that gap will disappear in 25 years time. The figures assume that current trends will continue. Cancer Research UK's projections calculate that by 2035, 10% of cancers in women (around 25,000 cases) could be related to smoking and 9% (around 23,000 cases) to carrying excess weight. And by 2043, if those trends continued, being overweight and obese could be linked to even more cases of cancer than smoking in women. Smoking prevention lessons In UK men, obesity is not predicted to overtake smoking as a preventable cause of cancer until some time later, because more men than women smoke. Although obesity is more common among men too, obesity in women is thought to be a greater driver of cancers in the female population. The report says types of cancer linked to smoking include acute myeloid leukaemia, lung, bladder, bowel, cervical, pancreatic and stomach. Cancers linked to being overweight or obese include bowel, gall bladder, kidney, liver, breast, ovarian and thyroid. Professor Linda Bauld, Cancer Research UK's prevention expert, said the government must build on the lessons of smoking prevention to reduce the number of weight-related cancers. She said those who were overweight in childhood were five times more likely to be carrying excess weight as an adult. Recent figures show that levels of severe obesity during childhood have risen over the last decade in England. 'Act now' "That's why we are raising awareness of the link between cancer and obesity and calling for measures to protect children, like a ban on junk food adverts before 9pm and for restrictions on price promotions of 'less healthy' products," Prof Bauld said. She said the decline in smoking was a cause for celebration. "It shows how decades of effort to raise awareness about the health risks plus strong political action including taxation, removing tobacco marketing and a ban on smoking in indoor public places, have paid off. "But, just as there is still more to do to support people to quit smoking, we also need to act now to halt the tide of weight-related cancers and ensure this projection never becomes a reality."

যুক্তরাজ্যের ক্যান্সার গবেষণা প্রতিষ্ঠানের এক প্রতিবেদন অনুযায়ী, ২০৪৩ সালের মধ্যে নারীদের মধ্যে ক্যান্সারের কারণগুলোর মধ্যে ধূমপানের চেয়ে বেশি মারাত্মক হয়ে উঠতে পারে স্থূলতা বা অতিরিক্ত ওজন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Tara McKelveyBBC News, Washington Trump's threat to attack Iran's cultural sites sparked outrage and his officials were quick to deny that option was on the table. Before that he authorised the killing of Iran's most revered general. According to international law, a government can carry out such a strike if they are acting in self-defence, and US officials said they were trying to prevent attacks. But Agnes Callamard, UN special rapporteur on extrajudicial killings, disagreed with their assessment. She tweeted that it seemed unlikely that the test for a legal strike, one that is laid out in the UN Charter, was met. Trump has also championed US military personnel accused of war crimes, calling one of them, Special Operations Chief Edward Gallagher, a "tough guy". Trump speaks about military personnel and operations in a way that blurs the line on legality. An attack on a cultural site violates international treaties such as the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property. But he defended his position on targeting cultural sites by saying that enemy commanders used illegal methods and Americans should do the same. "They're allowed to torture and maim our people," he told reporters. "And we're not allowed to touch their cultural sites? It doesn't work that way." With his dismissal of international law, he surprised even senior-level US officials. US Defence Secretary Mark Esper said: "I am fully confident that the president, the commander in chief, will not give us an illegal order." It was another extraordinary moment in the Trump years, showcasing public disputes that he has with his own cabinet secretaries. Trump is not, however, the first president to shock people with his fiery rhetoric or by his use of aggressive military policies. Controversy over these policies has echoed for centuries, and public anger with the presidents themselves has been part of US history. Long before the 45th president took office, Republican and Democratic leaders were overseeing military and intelligence operations shrouded in secrecy that blurred the lines between lawful and not. Several of these presidents tussled with a law, the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF), in their efforts to justify their policies. The AUMF was designed to allow the use of military force against individuals who helped carry out the 2001 attacks against the US. Since then, presidents have interpreted the law broadly and used it to provide legal justification for military operations in places around the world. Barack Obama expanded the use of secretive drone strikes, authorising more than 540 during his time in office. Human rights advocates said the airstrikes violated international and domestic law, but Mr Obama defended the legal basis for the airstrikes. His advisers argued that because the targeted individuals had been planning attacks against Americans, the airstrikes against them fell within the boundaries of international law. Over time, the criticism of Obama was muted. The president's use of the airstrikes, says Rutgers' David Greenberg, a presidential historian, was viewed as "a path toward trying to limit the worst brutalities of war". His predecessor, George W Bush, had signed off on only a fraction of airstrikes. Bush pushed boundaries of warfare in another way, however. He authorised the use of so-called enhanced interrogation methods, waterboarding and other tactics widely described as torture. In his case, the harsh policies came to define his time in office. Historian David Greenberg says Bush will be remembered for the Iraq war and the torture: "He's paid a price." Before that, President Bill Clinton "embraced" extrajudicial renditions, the transporting of terrorism suspects to a country where prisoners are tortures, say legal scholars. Clinton and the other presidents attempted to provide legal justification for their policies. Decades earlier, Andrew Jackson, who served as president in the early 1800s, had done the same. He signed the Indian Removal Act, and through this law forced Native Americans off land. People said that their forced removal was "barbaric", says Greenberg, but there was at least a pretext of abiding by norms. President Trump does not feel the need to frame his policies in such a way, says the historian. "You don't just willy-nilly bomb cultural sites, but he kind of revels in the flouting of norms." Part of his appeal is the way that he provokes those who hold more liberal notions of international law, he adds. Trump's supporters say that despite his rhetoric he has been more disciplined in his rollout of military policies than previous presidents. James Carafano, an analyst at the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think-tank in Washington, says Trump has been cautious in what he has actually done with the military - the most conservative and the most restrained. Some analysts say the real problem is that presidents are granted too much power, and they take things too far. "They used their authority to carry out acts that we view as illegal, immoral, unethical - you pick the word," says Andrew Bacevich, the president of a foreign-policy think-tank, Quincy Institute. "The problem is not Trump - but that we have invested the presidency with authority far in excess of what should be allowed." As Bacevich points out, presidents throughout the ages have pushed the boundaries of the law. The question now is - what's next?

প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প ইরানের ব্যাপারে যেসব পদক্ষেপ নিচ্ছেন এবং শব্দ ব্যবহার করছেন, সমালোচকরা বলছেন তিনি আন্তর্জাতিক আইন ভঙ্গ করছেন। কিন্তু তিনিই প্রথম যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট নন, যার বিরুদ্ধে কোন যুদ্ধকালীন সময়ে এরকম অভিযোগ উঠলো।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

A bill requiring Boris Johnson to ask for an extension to the UK's departure date to avoid a no-deal Brexit on 31 October is set to gain royal assent. But the PM has said he would "rather be dead in a ditch" than ask for a delay. Legal experts have warned the prime minister could go to prison if he refuses to comply with the new law. MPs have lined up a legal team and are willing to go to court to enforce the law to avoid no deal, if necessary. Meanwhile, pro and anti-Brexit protesters held demonstrations in Westminster on Saturday, with some people arrested by police. The cross-party bill - which requires the prime minister to extend the exit deadline until January unless Parliament agrees a deal with the EU by 19 October - was passed on Friday. Although the government has said it will abide by the law, Mr Johnson described it as obliging him "in theory" to write to Brussels asking for a "pointless delay". Downing Street said the British public had been clear that they wanted Brexit done. Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn told BBC News the party was not taking legal action over the legislation, but said it was "aware of the actions that are being discussed and prepared for". He added that Labour would allow a general election "when we are clear that there will be an end to the danger of no-deal on 31 October". "We need a clear statement from the prime minister that he is going to abide by that act of Parliament," Mr Corbyn said. Meanwhile, clashes erupted between pro-Brexit protesters and police in Parliament Square in London. Several hundred people joined pro and anti-Brexit demonstrations in Westminster. Pro-leave protesters were seen throwing a metal barricade at officers, while others tried to break the police cordon. Anti-Brexit MP Anna Soubry, who leads the Independent Group for Change, said she had been due to speak at the March for Change rally in London but told organisers she was too frightened to do so, after consulting with police. A spokesman for the Metropolitan Police said officers made 16 arrests in connection with the protests. That included 13 arrests for violent disorder, one for possession of an offensive weapon, one for affray and one for a racially aggravated public order offence. Some 35 other events were held across the UK and Europe, including a pro-democracy protest in Berlin. 'Dangerous precedent' The Daily Telegraph reported that the prime minister said seeking another extension is "something I will never do", fuelling speculation that ministers could try to find a loophole. But David Lidington, who resigned as Cabinet Office minister in July, in opposition to Mr Johnson's no-deal Brexit strategy, told the BBC's Today programme: "The government is bound by the words of any statute that has been duly enacted by the Queen in Parliament, which is a fundamental principle of our constitution and our ministerial code. "Defying any law sets a really dangerous precedent." He added that at a time when other countries were "holding up alternatives to the rule of law and democratic government" it was imperative that British governments always demonstrate they comply with the law. Mr Lidington, who supported the government in voting for an early general election, urged Mr Johnson to "re-double [his] efforts" in talking to a "wide range" of European leaders to get a Brexit deal he can put before Parliament in October. What are the PM's options? Mr Johnson's options are "narrowing" after this week's Brexit defeats, says Dr Hannah White, deputy director of the Institute for Government. Some possibilities being discussed are: Commentators on PM's next move. Former attorney general Dominic Grieve has warned the prime minister "could be sent to prison" if he refuses to obey the law and delay Brexit. Mr Grieve told BBC News Mr Johnson would be "under an obligation" to abide by the law after it has received royal assent. "If he doesn't, he can be taken to court which will if necessary issue an injunction ordering him to do it," he said. "If he doesn't obey the injunction, he could be sent to prison." Earlier the former director of public prosecutions Lord MacDonald told Sky News a refusal to delay Brexit in the face of court action "would amount to contempt of court which could find that person in prison". One Tory MP said the idea of Mr Johnson ignoring the legislation was "nonsense". Kevin Hollinrake, MP for Thirsk and Malton, tweeted: "Even if it was under consideration, which I'm sure it's not, you would see a very significant number of Conservative MPs resigning the whip, including me." A number of cabinet sources have told the BBC in recent days that they have significant concerns about Number 10's strategy. It comes in the wake of a series of Parliamentary defeats for the government, beginning after Mr Johnson announced his decision to suspend Parliament for five weeks in September and October. First, the prime minister lost control of the House of Commons agenda. That allowed opposition MPs and rebel Tories to put forward the bill to prevent a no-deal Brexit, which Mr Johnson said "scuppered" his negotiations with the EU. In response, the prime minister expelled 21 of his own MPs for rebelling against the government over the vote and then called for a general election. But on Friday, Labour, the Liberal Democrats, SNP and Plaid Cymru jointly agreed to reject Mr Johnson's demand for a snap poll before the EU summit in mid-October. The day before, the prime minister's younger brother, Jo Johnson, resigned as an MP and minister, saying he was "torn between family loyalty and the national interest". According to the Daily Telegraph, Mr Johnson wrote to Conservative Party members on Friday night, saying Labour MPs had "left us no choice" but to call for an election. He said: "They just passed a law that would force me to beg Brussels for an extension to the Brexit deadline. This is something I will never do." No 10 said an election would allow the public to choose between the government's approach - Mr Johnson's commitment to leave on 31 October, either with a re-negotiated deal or no deal - and "more delay, more dither" from Labour. But opposition MPs say they will only agree to an election when the extension to the Brexit deadline has been secured, to ensure the UK does not "crash out" without a deal. What does the no-deal bill say? The bill, presented by Labour MP Hilary Benn, says the prime minister will have until 19 October to either pass a deal in Parliament or get MPs to approve a no-deal Brexit. Once this deadline has passed, he will have to request an extension to the UK's departure date to 31 January 2020. Unusually, the bill stipulates the wording of the letter Mr Johnson would have to write to the president of the European Council. If the EU responds by proposing a different date, the PM will have two days to accept that proposal. During that time, MPs - not the government - will have the opportunity to reject that date. The bill also requires ministers to report to the House of Commons over the next few months. potentially providing more opportunities to take control of the timetable.

ব্রিটেনের প্রধানমন্ত্রী বরিস জনসন যদি ব্রেক্সিট পিছিয়ে দিতে রাজি না হন, তাহলে আইনি ব্যবস্থা নেয়ার জন্য প্রস্তুতি নিতে শুরু করেছেন পার্লামেন্টের সদস্যরা, যাদের মধ্যে বরখাস্ত হওয়া টোরি এমপিরাও রয়েছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The PTI news agency said soldiers threw stones, causing minor injuries to both sides, as Chinese troops tried to enter Indian territory near the Pangong lake. Beijing maintains that their soldiers were inside Chinese territory. The two countries are also locked in an impasse in the Doklam area, which borders China, India and Bhutan. PTI quoted army officials as saying that in the latest confrontation, soldiers had to form a human chain to prevent an incursion by Chinese forces into territories claimed by India and located near the country's Ladakh region. China claims the territories as its own. An Indian official told the BBC that he could neither confirm nor deny media reports, but said "such incidents do happen," adding that "this isn't the first time that something like this has happened." China's foreign ministry said in an official statement that "the Indian side must immediately and unconditionally withdraw all personnel and equipment from the Chinese soil", while reiterating that its troops had been inside Chinese territory when the confrontation took place. An official statement from India's foreign ministry said that "there is no commonly delineated Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the border areas between India and China." It added that differences in perception of the LAC have caused situations on the ground that could have been avoided if there was a consensus on the border lines. The latest skirmish occurred even as the two armies continued a two-month stand-off further east, near a plateau known as Doklam in India and Donglang in China. Since the confrontation began in June, each side has reinforced its troops and called on the other to retreat. The two nations fought a war over the border in 1962 and disputes remain unresolved in several areas, which causes tensions to escalate from time to time.

হিমালয় পর্বতমালায় চীন-ভারতের বিরোধপূর্ণ সীমান্ত অঞ্চলে দুই দেশের সৈন্যদের মধ্যে গত কয়েকদিন রক্তক্ষয়ী সংঘর্ষ হয়েছে। দুই পক্ষ থেকেই হতাহতের দাবি করা হচ্ছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

From the historic handshake between the two leaders to the signing of a joint agreement, experts have analysed the meeting and its significance for future US-North Korean relations. But there were some odd moments of the day, which have got people talking. 1. The beaches Before he became president, Donald Trump was better known for his property empire. But it was still a surprising moment to hear the US leader mention a lesser known North Korean attraction: its coastline. "They (North Korea) have great beaches. You see that whenever they're exploding their cannons into the ocean. I said, 'Boy look at that view. Wouldn't that make a great condo?'," he told reporters after meeting Mr Kim. The US government currently advises against all travel to North Korea and says that its citizens who decide to go should draft a will before departure. 2. The pose Before the two leaders sat down for a working lunch, Mr Trump jokingly asked photographers: "Getting a good picture, everybody? So we look nice and handsome and thin?" However, his words seem to have been lost in translation, judging by Mr Kim's blank expression. Some of the dishes on the menu raised eyebrows, even among Koreans. 3. The video Before the US president gave a news conference, journalists were treated to a highly unusual four-minute video in Korean and English, which Mr Trump said he had shown to Mr Kim. On a background of tense music and strong images, a dramatic narrator asked: "Will this leader choose to advance his country... Will he shake the hand of peace and enjoy prosperity like he has never seen?... Which path will be chosen? "Featuring President Donald Trump and Chairman Kim Jong-un in a meeting to remake history, to shine in the sun. One moment, one choice. The future remains to be written." 4. 'The Beast' After talks concluded, Mr Trump decided to show the North Korean leader his ride for the summit - a black presidential limousine known as The Beast. Cameras followed the two men as they walked over to the vehicle and Mr Kim briefly looked inside. 5. The pens The pens originally laid out for the signing of the documents were black and featured President Trump's signature in gold. But at the last moment, Mr Kim's influential sister Kim Yo-jong switched the North Korean leader's pen for a ballpoint pen. Security for the North Korean leader has been high throughout the trip, but it is unclear whether the pens were swapped for security or political reasons. 6. The tears While interest in the meeting was understandably high, one man seemed more emotional than most. Former basketball star Dennis Rodman, who has visited North Korea five times and twice took part in Mr Trump's Celebrity Apprentice, was visibly overwhelmed as he spoke about the meeting between the two leaders. He said he had received "so many death threats" over his contacts with the North Korean leader, but said: "I took all those bullets, I took all that, I took everything... and I'm still standing." "Today is a great day for everybody... I'm so happy," he added.

মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের সাথে উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং-আনের বৈঠককে বলা হচ্ছে ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা। সিঙ্গাপুরে এই প্রথম দুটো দেশের নেতারা বৈঠক করলেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

A number of cases of blood clots were reported in Europe after the vaccine was administered. But the numbers are below the level you would expect in the general population. The UK medicines regulator and the WHO say there is no evidence of a link between the vaccine and clots. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) - the European Union's medicines regulator - is also meeting on Tuesday. It is expected to issue its decision on the continued use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccination on Thursday. About 17 million people in the EU and the UK have received a dose of the vaccine, with fewer than 40 cases of blood clots reported as of last week, AstraZeneca said. Concerns that there could be a link prompted leading EU states to suspend use of the vaccine, including Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Other countries, including Austria, have halted the use of certain batches of the drug as a precautionary measure. However, Belgium, Poland, the Czech Republic and Ukraine said they would continue to administer the AstraZeneca vaccine. And in Thailand, Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha became the first person in the country to receive the AstraZeneca inoculation. Odds in favour of vaccination It is understandable anyone going to get vaccinated would be concerned given these reports. But the regulators in the UK and Europe are clear that vaccination should continue even though some individual nations have taken a different approach. Why? It's all to do with risk. From what has been published so far the chance of a blood clot after vaccination is very low and at this stage looks like it could be in line with what you would expect to happen anyway - coincidence rather than cause. In comparison, the risk from Covid to those currently being offered the vaccine is significant. Most of continental Europe is still working its way through the over-70s. If they are infected and have symptoms they have around a one in four chance of becoming seriously ill and needing hospital care. In the UK those in their 50s are being invited. They have a one in 10 chance. What is more, one of the most common consequences of serious Covid illness is blood clots. When it comes to risk, the odds are clearly in favour of vaccination. What has the WHO said? The UN's health body says it is investigating the reports of blood clots. On Monday, a spokesman said there was "no evidence" that the incidents were linked to the vaccine. "As soon as WHO has gained a full understanding of these events, the findings and any unlikely changes to current recommendations will be immediately communicated to the public," WHO spokesman Christian Lindmeier said. The EMA - which is also currently carrying out a review into incidents of blood clots - said the vaccine could continue to be administered. The agency said the benefits of having the vaccine outweighed the risks of any side effects. The UK medicines regulator also said evidence "does not suggest" the jab causes clots, as it urged people in the country to get the vaccine when asked to do so. What does AstraZeneca say? The company says there is no evidence of an increased risk of clotting due to the vaccine. It said that across the EU and the United Kingdom there had been 15 events of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) - a blood clot in a vein - and 22 events of pulmonary embolism - a blood clot that has entered the lungs - reported among those vaccinated. These figures were "much lower than would be expected to occur naturally in a general population of this size and is similar across other licensed Covid-19 vaccines". Professor Andrew Pollard, director of the Oxford vaccine group which developed the Oxford-AstraZeneca jab, told the BBC on Monday that there was "very reassuring evidence that there is no increase in a blood clot phenomenon here in the UK, where most of the doses in Europe [have] been given so far". Finland has also done a "very careful study" and not found an increased risk, he added. He said it was "absolutely critical that we don't have a problem of not vaccinating people".

জার্মানি, ইটালি, স্পেন ও ফ্রান্সসহ ইউরোপের এগারোটি দেশ অক্সফোর্ড-অ্যাস্ট্রাজেনেকা উদ্ভাবিত টিকা প্রদান স্থগিত করার পর বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থার ভ্যাকসিন সুরক্ষা বিশেষজ্ঞরা আজ মঙ্গলবার টিকাটির পর্যালোচনা করতে বৈঠক করতে যাচ্ছেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Ammar EbrahimBBC Stories The day before the event the two 22-year-old students attended a poster-making session at their university in Karachi. They wanted to come up with something that would attract attention and started brainstorming ideas. A friend happened to be sitting with her legs spread wide, and this inspired the poster that Rumisa and Rashida made. For Rumisa the way women should sit is a constant issue. "We have to be elegant; we have to worry about not showing the shape of our bodies. The men, they manspread and no-one bats an eye," she says. Rumisa's design depicted an unashamed womanspreader nonchalantly lounging in sunglasses. Her best friend Rashida then provided the slogan. Rashida wanted to draw attention to the fact that women "are told how to sit, how to walk, how to talk". So they decided on the caption: "Here, I'm sitting correctly." Rumisa and Rashida met in their first year at Habib University. Rumisa studies communication design, while Rashida is a social development and policy student. "We are best friends, we laugh together, tell each other everything," Rashida says. They share a passion for women's rights, based on their personal experiences of sexism. For Rumisa, dealing with the family pressure to get married has been a "daily struggle". She sees the fact that she isn't married today as "a personal victory". Rashida says she faces constant harassment on the streets. She also finds the expectation that she should marry and become a housewife uncomfortable. So the two friends were keen to participate in one of several "Aurat" marches - named after the Urdu word for women - staged in cities across Pakistan last month. "It was an amazing feeling, having so many women screaming for their rights," Rumisa says. "It was our space at that moment and I think all who attended could feel that empowered vibe from it." The Aurat marches were a big moment for the country's feminist movement. While women had marched in huge numbers in Pakistan before, these protests cut across class divisions and also included members of the LGBT community. In 2018 the World Economic Forum ranked Pakistan as the second-worst country out of 149 in terms of gender equality - the only country with a worse ranking was Yemen. Women in Pakistan regularly face domestic violence, forced marriages, sexual harassment, and can be the victims of honour killings. Some placards and posters on the Aurat marches were sexual in nature, and in this conservative country these triggered a backlash. The march organisers attribute this response to the fact they were challenging the notion that men should make decisions about women's bodies. "We were questioning body policing, the policing of women's sexuality," says Moneeza, one of the national organisers. "In the religious community there is the notion that a woman should cover herself and stay at home. We were challenging that." Rumisa believes the sight of 7,500 women gathering on the street shocked conservatives. "Doing that on the road with such a loud voice made people uncomfortable," she says. "People feel it's threatening Islam, although I don't see that. I think Islam is a feminist religion." Even before she had got home from the protest, Rumisa realised the picture of her with the placard had gone viral on social media. One comment on a Facebook post said, "I don't need this kind of society for my daughter"; while another said, "I am a woman but I certainly don't feel good about this. Show that we belong to an Islamic society." Another read, "It was women's day. Not bitches' day." However, others supported the placard's message. One woman tweeted: "I genuinely don't understand why people are so horrified by words on a poster when they should be disgusted by the subjugation of women in Pakistan." Rumisa received messages from people she knew saying, "We can't believe you did this. You're from such a modest family." Members of Rumisa's extended family told her parents that they shouldn't let her go on any more marches. Despite this pressure, Rumisa's parents supported their daughter's decision to protest. Another placard at the march said "my body, my choice". According to the Samaa TV channel, this led to one cleric in Karachi ridiculing the slogan in a sermon that was posted online. "My body my choice… your body your choice… Then men's body men's choice… They can climb onto anyone they want," Dr Manzoor Ahmad Mengal is reported to have said in a video posted online. He has been accused by critics of inciting rape, and march organiser Moneeza says that rape and death threats have been commonplace since the protest. "There has been a backlash on social media with a lot of organisers getting rape threats," she says. "I think that is part of the wider misogyny amongst men that we are challenging." The Aurat marches also caused divisions within Pakistan's feminist movement. "A lot of feminists participated in the backlash, self-proclaimed feminists. They were like, ' these are not valid issues, this is not the way women should behave'," Rumisa says. "My own friends - who call themselves feminists - felt my poster was unnecessary." One prominent feminist, Kishwar Naheed, said she believed that Rumisa and Rasheeda's placard, and others like it, were disrespectful to traditions and values. She said that those who thought they could secure more rights using such placards were misguided like jihadis who think that by killing innocent people they will go to heaven. However, an article by Sadia Khatri in the Dawn newspaper accused Kishwar of letting feminists down. She called on those seeking change to embrace the "vulgar" nature of some of the posters. "We need to claim these posters and make the connection between them and the 'larger' feminist struggles," she said. "A girl's right to sit with her legs open is about her agency to do what she likes with her body without reprimand or harassment, it is about her right to move freely, it is about victim-blaming and whose fault it is when someone is assaulted — not the girl's, no matter how she was sitting." Despite the controversy Rumisa doesn't regret making the poster. "I'm kind of happy that my poster got a lot of attention," she says. "I'm not ashamed or afraid of that kind of attention, it's one of the reasons we use slogans like that because we wanted attention to be brought to the women's march and to all kinds of issues." Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.

রুমিসা লাখানি এবং রাশিদা সাব্বির হোসেন যখন পাকিস্তানে আন্তর্জাতিক নারী দিবস উপলক্ষে একটি প্ল্যাকার্ড তৈরি করেন তখন তাদের কোন ধারণাই ছিল না যে এটি সারা দেশে কতো বড়ো বিতর্কের সৃষ্টি করতে পারে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Anastasia NapalkovaBBC Russian Service, Moscow Russia is currently home to thousands of North Korean migrant workers whose future remains in the balance - UN sanctions passed in 2017 require them to leave by the end of this year. Both the workers and the companies that employ them are watching to see if progress on the diplomatic front might open a way for them to stay. Tucked away in the courtyard of a discount shopping mall not far from the city centre is one of Moscow's more unlikely tourist attractions - Koryo, a North Korean restaurant. Owned and staffed entirely by North Koreans it offers adventurous diners a little taste of Pyongyang. There's North Korean music playing on TV, and kimchi and cold noodles on the menu. On the eve of Kim Jong-un's meeting with Vladimir Putin in Vladivostok the place is heaving. Many of the tables are pushed together to accommodate big groups. "Is today a North Korean holiday?" I ask the waitress. "No," she says in faltering Russian. "It's just an ordinary day." The staff at Koryo are just some of the 8,000 or so North Korean migrants employed by businesses across Russia. This latest figure was confirmed recently by Russia's Foreign Ministry and it marks a significant drop on the up to 40,000 who were working in the country until two years ago. The majority have been forced to leave in order for Russia to comply with UN international sanctions prohibiting the employment of North Koreans because of the North's nuclear programme. Since the UN sanctions resolution - which came into effect in September 2017 in response to a North Korean missile test - the only North Koreans who have been able to come to Russia to work are those whose employment contracts were signed before that date, the Ministry of Labour press office told BBC Russian. According to Ministry of Labour statistics, more than 85% of North Korean migrants work in construction. The rest are involved in a range of jobs from garment work and agriculture, to logging, catering and traditional medicine. For poverty-stricken North Koreans landing a job in Russia is a dream ticket, said Professor Andrey Lankov, a North Korea expert at Seoul's Kookmin University. "It's impossible to find a job in Russia without paying a bribe [in North Korea]." That's despite the sub-standard accommodation and conditions often akin to slave labour which have been endured by many migrants. In a well-documented case in 2015, immigration officials in Nakhodka in Russia's Far East found three highly-qualified North Korean agronomists clearing snow on the roads. Their employers - a Russian-North Korean company - claimed it was a one-off departure from their main job monitoring the harvest, but the authorities were unconvinced. All three were deported. According to Russia's labour ministry, North Koreans are paid on average $415 a month, 40% less than the average salary in Russia. "You have to hand over half your pay to the [North Korean] state," Prof Lankov told BBC Russian. "But what's left is still far more than you could earn at home." Life in North Korea Russian companies wishing to employ North Koreans must apply to the Ministry of Labour for a "quota" and permission to employ a foreign worker costing the equivalent of about $200 per person. Many are in the Russian Far East where Kim Jong-un and Vladimir Putin are meeting this week. With local populations shrinking, it's a region with a labour shortage, but despite this sanctions have had an impact on the numbers of North Korean workers. Last year a quota of 900 was issued, a big drop on previous years. Labour ministry figures for 2018 showed North Koreans were working all over the country, with 40% of all licences issued to businesses in Moscow and St Petersburg regions. In St Petersburg it was widely reported that North Korean construction workers were involved in building a football stadium for last year's World Cup. Another St Petersburg company, the BTC Group which makes uniforms for the Russian army, had a licence to employ 270 North Koreans in 2017 - although a spokesman denied any had actually been offered jobs. In 2018, BTC applied for licences to employ Vietnamese workers instead, according to labour ministry data. In Karachay-Cherkassia in the North Caucasus, the Yuzhniy agricultural company in 2018 had licences for 150 North Koreans on its books growing vegetables for its supermarket supply business. And in Sverdlovsk in the Ural region, there were even six North Korean trainers working at a factory table-tennis club in 2017. The largest employers of North Koreans in Russia are North Korean-owned companies. Data from Russia's Spark business information system suggests there were about 300 registered to operate by the beginning of 2018. More than half are involved in construction, like the Enisei company in Krasnoyarsk, in Siberia, which recently built a new prison. The national airline, Air Koryo, is registered to operate flights from Vladivostok, and there's also branch of the North Korean Foreign Trade Bank. Neither responded to BBC calls this week. The majority of North Korean companies in Russia are owned by private individuals. It's a sign, says Andrey Lankov, of how decentralised North Korean business has become. "The Foreign Trade Ministry is at best a first among equals, but ministries, departments, parties, small organisations and entrepreneurs can also start businesses abroad. "The owner of a private company could be a government official, someone from the security services, or just a North Korean entrepreneur with money and good contacts." The UN sanctions have been very unwelcome news for many businesses in Russia. In Vladivostok, on the Pacific Coast, the Yav-Stroi construction company used to be one of the biggest employers of North Korean migrants, with licences for 400 in 2017. "We can't manage without migrants," a company spokesman, who asked to remain anonymous, told the BBC soon after sanctions were introduced. In Moscow the Eastern Medicine Clinic used to employ 10 North Korean doctors. In 2018 the quota was reduced to just four. "If they have to leave our patients, many of whom are disabled children, will lose their treatment," then director Natalya Zhukova told the BBC when sanctions were introduced. The UN sanctions also prohibit joint ventures, but there have been some exceptions. Rasonkontrans was given special exemption in the UN resolution - it's a high-profile Russian-North Korean company involved in a major rail and port project in the Russian Far East. It's clear Russian officials would like to find ways to ease the sanctions against North Korea. At a rare summit with his North Korean counterpart in Moscow in April 2018, Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said the two sides had discussed ways to boost economic ties while complying with the UNSC resolution. "The possibilities to do so exist," he said. This month a delegation from Russia's parliament visited North Korea with very much the same aim in mind. "We are neighbours, we are bound by friendship and great victory, and we must help each other," MP Kazbek Taysaev told the BBC after the visit. "Especially because of the sanctions imposed on North Korea for the past 70 years, and the sanctions under which our country now finds itself. We are soul mates." Back at the Koryo restaurant in Moscow the staff are reluctant to talk to the BBC about what the future will hold. But diners looking for a taste of North Korea might be advised to take the chance while they still can. Additional reporting by BBC Russian's Petr Kozlov and Anastasia Golubeva

উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং আন এবং রাশিয়ার প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিন প্রথমবারের মতো তাদের মধ্যকার বৈঠকে পারস্পরিক সুসম্পর্ক আরও এগিয়ে নেওয়ার বিষয়ে প্রতিশ্রুতি দিয়েছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Despite decades of tobacco control policies, population growth has seen an increased number of smokers, it warned. Researchers said mortality could rise further as tobacco companies aggressively targeted new markets, especially in the developing world. The report was published in the medical journal The Lancet. "Despite more than half a century of unequivocal evidence of the harmful effects of tobacco on health, today, one in every four men in the world is a daily smoker," said senior author Dr Emmanuela Gakidou. "Smoking remains the second largest risk factor for early death and disability, and so to further reduce its impact we must intensify tobacco control to further reduce smoking prevalence and attributable burden." The Global Burden of Diseases report was based on smoking habits in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2015. It found that nearly one billion people smoked daily in 2015 - one in four men and one in 20 women. Higher taxes That was a reduction from one in three men and one in 12 women who lit up in 1990. However, population growth meant there was an increase in the overall number of smokers, up from 870 million in 1990. And the number of tobacco-related deaths - more than 6.4 million in 2015 - increased by 4.7% over the same period. The study found some countries had succeeded in efforts to help people quit, mostly through a combination of higher taxes, warnings on packages and education programmes. Over the 25-year period, Brazil had seen the percentage of daily smokers drop from 29% to 12% among men and from 19% to 8% among women. But, the report said, Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines saw no change from 1990 to 2015. Russia saw smoking among women rise by 4% over the same period and similar trends were emerging in parts of Africa, the authors warned.

সিগারেটের কারণে বিশ্বজুড়ে দশজনের মধ্যে একজন মারা যাচ্ছে। নতুন এক গবেষণা বলছে, এর অর্ধেকই ঘটছে চীন, ভারত আমেরিকা এবং রাশিয়াতে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Paul RinconScience editor, BBC News website It's the first significant sample of material to be delivered to Earth from a space rock and was grabbed last year by Japan's Hayabusa-2 spacecraft. Researchers began opening the capsule on Monday (GMT) in Sagamihara, Japan. The material was retrieved from an asteroid called Ryugu. Hayabusa-2 reached the object in June 2018; it is believed to be one of the building blocks left over from the formation of the Solar System. Scientists at the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (Jaxa) curation facility at Sagamihara have now opened one of three sample chambers inside the capsule. This was hoped to contain particles of rock and soil from Hayabusa-2's first touchdown on the asteroid in 2019. The spacecraft grabbed the material by firing a tantalum metal bullet into the surface and letting debris float up a collection tube under the low gravity. Scientists had already been excited when they saw black grains from the asteroid caught at the entrance to the sample catcher (where the material is stored) on Monday. And they were not disappointed when they opened it: Inside was material ranging in size from pebbles to tiny particles of dust. Dr Yuichi Tsuda, Hayabusa-2 project manager at Jaxa, told a press conference: "We have confirmed that the capsule contains a considerable amount of [material] collected from Ryugu. He added: "The sample of the asteroid extra-terrestrial material that we dreamed about is now in our hands." 'Pristine material' However, this is just one of three chambers inside the capsule. Sample chamber B should be empty, but chamber C is thought to hold material collected from beneath Ryugu's surface. Scientists wanted to collect pristine material from Ryugu that had not been altered by exposure to the environment of space - including its radiation - for aeons. In order to do this, they had to use an explosive charge to propel a copper projectile into the surface of the asteroid. This blasted a 20m-wide crater in Ryugu, allowing Hayabusa-2 to descend and grab material ejected from inside the crater, depositing them in chamber C. Scientists should open this chamber in due course. Jaxa has also announced that gas collected from the capsule is from the asteroid. It was likely to have been liberated by the soil collected from Ryugu and is the world's first sample of gas returned from deep space. Asteroids are leftover building materials from the formation of the Solar System. They're made of the same stuff that went into making rocky worlds like the Earth, but they continued to roam free, rather than being incorporated into planets. Ryugu belongs to a particularly primitive class of space rock known as a C-type (or carbonaceous) asteroid. In the early Solar System, such objects could have delivered much of the Earth's water along with the ingredients necessary for life to get started. When the spacecraft arrived at its target in 2018, scientists were surprised by just how dark Ryugu was. Its unexpected hue even forced controllers to adjust the laser altitude sensor used when the spacecraft approached the asteroid's surface. The Hayabusa-2 sample capsule returned to Earth on Saturday 5 December, parachuting down safely in the Australian desert near Woomera. Follow Paul on Twitter.

মহাশূন্য থেকে গত সপ্তাহে পৃথিবীতে ফিরে আসা একটি ক্যাপসুল খোলার পর তার ভেতরে একটি গ্রহাণুর কুচকুচে কালো পাথর ও মাটির টুকরো পেয়েছেন জাপানী বিজ্ঞানীরা।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Nawal al-MaghafiBBC Panorama So how has Mr Assad got so close to winning this bloody, brutal war? A joint investigation by BBC Panorama and BBC Arabic shows for the first time the extent to which chemical weapons have been crucial to his war-winning strategy. Sites of the 106 chemical attacks in Syria, 2014-2018 Source: BBC Panorama and BBC Arabic research. Map built with Carto. 1. The use of chemical weapons has been widespread The BBC has determined there is enough evidence to be confident that at least 106 chemical attacks have taken place in Syria since September 2013, when the president signed the international Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and agreed to destroy the country's chemical weapons stockpile. Syria ratified the CWC a month after a chemical weapons attack on several suburbs of the capital, Damascus, that involved the nerve agent Sarin and left hundreds of people dead. The horrific pictures of victims convulsing in agony shocked the world. Western powers said the attack could only have been carried out by the government, but Mr Assad blamed the opposition. The US threatened military action in retaliation but relented when Mr Assad's key ally, Russia, persuaded him to agree to the elimination of Syria's chemical arsenal. Despite the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and the United Nations destroying all 1,300 tonnes of chemicals that the Syrian government declared, chemical weapons attacks in the country have continued. "Chemical attacks are terrifying," said Abu Jaafar, who lived in an opposition-held part of the city of Aleppo until it fell to government forces in 2016. "A barrel bomb or a rocket kills people instantly without them feeling it... but the chemicals suffocate. It's a slow death, like drowning someone, depriving them of oxygen. It's horrifying." But Mr Assad has continued to deny his forces have ever used chemical weapons. "We don't have a chemical arsenal since we gave it up in 2013," he said earlier this year. "The [OPCW] made investigations about this, and it's clear that we don't have them." What are chemical weapons? The OPCW, the global watchdog that oversees implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, says a chemical weapon is a chemical used to cause intentional death or harm through its toxic properties. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited under international humanitarian law regardless of the presence of a valid military target, as the effects of such weapons are indiscriminate by nature and designed to cause superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering. Since 2014, the OPCW's Fact-Finding Mission (FFM) in Syria and the now-disbanded OPCW-UN Joint Investigative Mechanism (JIM) have investigated allegations of the use of toxic chemicals for hostile purposes in Syria. They have determined that 37 incidents have involved or are likely to have involved the use of chemicals as weapons between September 2013 and April 2018. The UN Human Rights Council's Independent International Commission of Inquiry (COI) on Syria and other UN-affiliated bodies have meanwhile concluded that there are reasonable grounds to believe that chemical weapons have been used in 18 other cases. Panorama and BBC Arabic examined 164 reports of chemical attacks alleged to have happened since Syria signed up to the CWC just over five years ago. The BBC team determined that there was credible evidence to be confident a chemical weapon was used in 106 of those 164 incidents. While only a few of these attacks have made headlines, the data suggests a pattern of repeated and sustained use of chemical weapons. "The use of chemical weapons has delivered some outcomes for [government forces] that they believe are worth the risk, and [chemical weapons] have subsequently been shown to be worth the risk because they keep using them, repeatedly," said Julian Tangaere, former head of the OPCW mission to Syria. Karen Pierce, the United Kingdom's permanent representative to the UN in New York, described the use of chemical weapons in Syria as "vile". "Not just because of the truly awful effects but also because they are a banned weapon, prohibited from use for nearly 100 years," she said. About the data The BBC team considered 164 reports of chemical attacks from September 2013 onwards. The reports were from a variety of sources considered broadly impartial and not involved in the fighting. They included international bodies, human rights groups, medical organisations and think tanks. In line with investigations carried out by the UN and the OPCW, BBC researchers, with the help of several independent analysts, reviewed the open source data available for each of the reported attacks, including victim and witness testimonies, photographs and videos. The BBC team had their methodology checked by specialist researchers and experts. The BBC researchers discounted all incidents where there was only one source, or where they concluded there was not sufficient evidence. In all, they determined there was enough credible evidence to be confident a chemical weapon was used in 106 incidents. The BBC team were not allowed access to film on the ground in Syria and could not visit the scenes of reported incidents, and therefore were not able to categorically verify the evidence. However, they did weigh up the strength of the available evidence in each case, including the video footage and pictures from each incident, as well as the details of location and timing. The highest number of reported attacks took place in the north-western province of Idlib. There were also many incidents in the neighbouring provinces of Hama and Aleppo, and in the Eastern Ghouta region near Damascus, according to the BBC's data. All of these areas have been opposition strongholds at various times during the war. The locations where the most casualties were reported as a result of alleged chemical attacks were Kafr Zita, in Hama province, and Douma, in the Eastern Ghouta. Both towns have seen battles between opposition fighters and government forces. According to the reports, the deadliest single incident took place in the town of Khan Sheikhoun, in Idlib province, on 4 April 2017. Opposition health authorities say more than 80 people died that day. Although chemical weapons are deadly, UN human rights experts have noted that most incidents in which civilians are killed and maimed have involved the unlawful use of conventional weapons, such as cluster munitions and explosive weapons in civilian populated areas. 2. The evidence points to the Syrian government in many cases Inspectors from an OPCW-UN joint mission announced in June 2014 that they had completed the removal or destruction of all of Syria's declared chemical weapons material, in line with the agreement brokered by the US and Russia after the 2013 Sarin attack. "Everything that we knew to be there was either removed or destroyed," said Mr Tangaere, one of the OPCW inspectors. But, he explained, the inspectors only had the information they were given. "All we could do was to verify what we'd been told was there," he said. "The thing about the Chemical Weapons Convention is it's all based on trust." The OPCW did, however, identify what it called "gaps, inconsistencies and discrepancies" in Syria's declaration that a team from the watchdog is still trying to resolve. In July 2018, the OPCW's then-director general, Ahmet Üzümcü, told the UN Security Council that the team was "continuing its efforts to clarify all outstanding issues". Despite the June 2014 announcement that Syria's declared chemical weapons material had been removed or destroyed, reports of continued chemical attacks continued to emerge. Abdul Hamid Youssef lost his wife, his 11-month-old twins, two brothers, his cousin and many of his neighbours in the 4 April 2017 attack on Khan Sheikhoun. He described the scene outside his home, seeing neighbours and family members suddenly drop to the ground. "They were shivering, and foam was coming out of their mouths," he said. "It was terrifying. That's when I knew it was a chemical attack." After falling unconscious and being taken to hospital, he woke, asking about his wife and children. "After about 15 minutes, they brought them all to me - dead. I lost the most precious people in my life." The OPCW-UN Joint Investigative Mission concluded that a large number of people had been exposed to Sarin that day. Sarin is considered 20 times as deadly as cyanide. As with all nerve agents, it inhibits the action of an enzyme which deactivates signals that cause human nerve cells to fire. The heart and other muscles - including those involved in breathing - spasm. Sufficient exposure can lead to death by asphyxiation within minutes. The JIM also said it was confident that the Syrian government was responsible for the release of the Sarin in Khan Sheikhoun, with an aircraft alleged to have dropped a bomb on the town. The images from Khan Sheikhoun prompted US President Donald Trump to order a missile strike on the Syrian Air Force base from where Western powers believed the aircraft that attacked the town took off. President Assad said the incident in Khan Sheikhoun was fabricated, while Russia said the Syrian Air Force bombed a "terrorist ammunition depot" that was full of chemical weapons, inadvertently releasing a toxic cloud. But Stefan Mogl, a member of the OPCW team that investigated the attack, said he found evidence that the Sarin used in Khan Sheikhoun belonged to the Syrian government. There was a "clear match" between the Sarin and the samples brought back from Syria in 2014 by the OPCW team eliminating the country's stockpile, he said. The JIM report said the Sarin identified in the samples taken from Khan Sheikhoun was most likely to have been made with a precursor chemical - methylphosphonyl difluoride (DF) - from Syria's original stockpile. "It means that not everything was removed," Mr Mogl said. Mr Tangaere, who oversaw the OPCW's elimination of Syria's chemical stockpile, said: "I can only assume that that material wasn't part of what was declared and wasn't at the site that we were at." "The reality is, under our mandate all we could do was verify what we'd been told was there. There was a separate process to investigate potential gaps in the declaration." But what of the other 105 reported attacks mapped by the BBC team? Who is believed to have been behind those? The JIM concluded that two attacks involving the blister agent sulphur mustard were carried out by the jihadist group Islamic State. There is evidence suggesting IS carried out three other reported attacks, according to the BBC's data. The JIM and OPCW have so far not concluded that any opposition armed groups other than IS have carried out a chemical attack. The BBC's investigation also found no credible evidence to suggest otherwise. However, the Syrian government and Russia have accused opposition fighters of using chemical weapons on a number of occasions and have reported them to the OPCW, who have investigated the allegations. Opposition armed factions have denied using chemical weapons. The available evidence, including video, photographs and eyewitness testimony, suggests that at least 51 of the 106 reported attacks were launched from the air. The BBC believes all the air-launched attacks were carried out by Syrian government forces. Although Russian aircraft have conducted thousands of strikes in support of Mr Assad since 2015, UN human rights experts on the Commission of Inquiry have said there are no indications that Russian forces have ever used chemical weapons in the Syria. The OPCW has likewise found no evidence that opposition armed groups had the capability to mount air attacks in the cases it has investigated. Tobias Schneider of the Global Public Policy Institute has also investigated whether the opposition could have staged any air-launched chemical attacks and concluded that they could not. "The Assad regime is the only actor deploying chemical weapons by air," he said. Dr Lina Khatib, head of the Middle East and North Africa programme at Chatham House, said: "The majority of chemical weapons attacks that we have seen in Syria seem to follow a pattern that indicates that they were the work of the regime and its allies, and not other groups in Syria." "Sometimes the regime uses chemical weapons when it doesn't have the military capacity to take an area back using conventional weapons," she added. Sarin was used in the deadliest of the 106 reported attacks - at Khan Sheikhoun - but the evidence suggests that the most commonly used toxic chemical was chlorine. Chlorine is what is known as a "dual-use" chemical. It has many legitimate peaceful civilian uses, but its use as a weapon is banned by the CWC. Chlorine is thought to have been used in 79 of the 106 reported attacks, according to the BBC's data. The OPCW and JIM have determined that chlorine is likely to have been used as a weapon in 15 of the cases they have investigated. Experts say it is notoriously difficult to prove the use of chlorine in an attack because its volatility means it evaporates and disperses quickly. "If you go to a site where a chlorine attack has happened, it's almost impossible to get physical evidence from the environment - unless you're there within a very short period of time," said Mr Tangaere, the former OPCW inspector. "In that sense, being able to use it leaving virtually no evidence behind, you can see why it has happened many, many times over." 3. The use of chemical weapons appears to be strategic Plotting the timings and locations of the 106 reported chemical attacks appears to reveal a pattern in how they have been used. Many of the reported attacks occurred in clusters in and around the same areas and at around the same times. These clusters coincided with government offensives - in Hama and Idlib in 2014, in Idlib in 2015, in Aleppo city at the end of 2016, and in the Eastern Ghouta in early 2018. "Chemical weapons are used whenever the regime wants to send a strong message to a local population that their presence is not desirable," said Chatham House's Dr Khatib. "In addition to chemical weapons being the ultimate punishment, instilling fear in people, they are also cheap and convenient for the regime at a time when its military capacity has decreased because of the conflict." "There's nothing that scares people more than chemical weapons, and whenever chemical weapons have been used, residents have fled those areas and, more often than not, not come back." Aleppo, a city fought over for several years, appears to be one of the locations where such a strategy has been employed. Opposition fighters and civilians were trapped in a besieged enclave in the east as the government launched its final offensive to regain full control of the city. Opposition-held areas first came under heavy bombardment with conventional munitions. Then came a series of reported chemical attacks that are said to have caused hundreds of casualties. Aleppo soon fell to the government, and people were displaced to other opposition-held areas. "The pattern that we are witnessing is that the regime uses chemical weapons in areas that it regards as strategic for its own purposes," said Dr Khatib. "[The] final stage of taking these areas back seems to be using chemical weapons to just make the local population flee." From late November to December 2016, in the final weeks of the government's assault on eastern Aleppo, there were 11 reported chlorine attacks. Five of them were in the last two days of the offensive, before opposition fighters and supporters surrendered and agreed to be evacuated. Abu Jaafar, who worked for the Syrian opposition as a forensic scientist, was in Aleppo during the last days of the siege. He examined the bodies of many of the victims of alleged chemical attacks. "I went to the morgue and a strong smell of chlorine emanated from the bodies," he said. "When I inspected them, I saw clear marks of suffocation due to chlorine." The use of chlorine had a devastating effect, he said. "The gas suffocates people - spreading panic and terror," he said. "There were warplanes and helicopters in the sky all the time, as well as artillery shelling. But what left the biggest impact was chemical weapons." When liquid chlorine is released, it quickly turns into a gas. The gas is heavier than air and will sink to low-lying areas. People hiding in basements or underground bomb shelters are therefore particularly vulnerable to exposure. When chlorine gas comes into contact with moist tissues such as the eyes, throats and lungs, an acid is produced that can damage those tissues. When inhaled, chlorine causes air sacs in the lungs to secrete fluid, essentially drowning those affected. "If they go up, they get bombed by rockets. If they go down, they get killed by chlorine. People were hysterical," said Abu Jaafar. The Syrian government has said it has never used chlorine as a weapon. But all 11 of the reported attacks in Aleppo came from the air and occurred in opposition-held areas, according to the BBC's data. More than 120,000 civilians left Aleppo in the final weeks of the battle for the city, according to organisations on the ground. It was a turning point in the civil war. A similar pattern of reported chemical weapons use can be seen in the data from the Eastern Ghouta - the opposition's final stronghold near Damascus. A number of attacks were reported in opposition-held towns in the region between January and April 2018. Maps show how the incidents coincided with the loss of opposition territory. Douma, the biggest town in the Eastern Ghouta, was the target of four reported chemical attacks over four months, as pro-government forces intensified their aerial bombardment before launching a ground offensive. The last - and deadliest, according to medics and rescue workers - incident took place on 7 April, when a yellow industrial gas cylinder was reportedly dropped onto the balcony of a block of flats. The opposition's surrender came a day later. Videos published by pro-opposition activists showed what they said were the bodies of more than 30 children, women and men who had been sheltering downstairs in the basement of the block of flats. Yasser al-Domani, an activist who visited the scene that night, said the people who died had foam around their mouths and appeared to have chemical burns. Another video from a nearby building shows the bodies of the same children found dead in the block of flats wearing the same clothes, with the same burns, lined up for identification. The BBC spoke to 18 people, who all insist they saw bodies being taken from the block of flats to the hospital. Two days after the reported attack, Russian military specialists visited the block of flats and said they found no traces of chlorine or any other chemical agents. The Russian government said the incident had been staged by the opposition with the help of the UK - a charge the British government dismissed as "grotesque and absurd". An OPCW Fact-Finding Mission team visited the scene almost two weeks later and took samples from the gas cylinder on the balcony. In July, it reported that "various chlorinated organic chemicals" were found in the samples, along with residues of explosive. The FFM is still working to establish the significance of the results, but Western powers are convinced the people who died were exposed to chlorine. A week after the incident in Douma, the US, UK and France carried out air strikes on three sites they said were "specifically associated with the Syrian regime's chemical weapons programme". The Western strikes took place hours before the Syrian military declared the Eastern Ghouta free of opposition fighters, by which time some 140,000 people had fled their homes and up to 50,000 had been evacuated to opposition-held territory in the north of the country. "I saw the amount of destruction, the people crying, bidding farewell to their homes or children. People's miserable, exhausted faces, it was really painful. I can't forget it. People in the end said they'd had enough," said Manual Jaradeh, who was living in Douma with her husband and son. The Syrian government would not answer the BBC's questions about the allegations that it has used chemical weapons. It refused to allow the Panorama team to travel to Damascus, examine the site of the reported attack in Douma, and turned down interview requests. When asked whether the international community had failed the Syrian people, former OPCW inspector Julian Tangaere said: "Yes, I think it has. "It was a life and death struggle for the Assad regime. You know, there was certainly no turning back. I can understand that. "But the methods used, and the barbarity of some of what's happened has... well, it's beyond comprehension. It's horrifying." So has President Assad got away with it? Karen Pierce, the UK's ambassador to the UN, thinks not. "There is evidence being collected," she said. "One day there will be justice. We will do our best to try to bring that about and hasten it." Panorama: Syria's Chemical War will be broadcast in the UK on Monday 15 October on BBC One at 20:30. It will be available afterwards on the BBC iPlayer. It will also be broadcast on BBC Arabic on Tuesday 23 October at 19:05 GMT. Credits: Producers Alys Cummings and Kate Mead. Online production David Gritten, Lucy Rodgers, Gerry Fletcher, Daniel Dunford and Nassos Stylianou.

সিরিয়ায় সাত বছর ধরে রক্তক্ষয়ী গৃহযুদ্ধ চলার পর এখন মনে হচ্ছে, প্রেসিডেন্ট বাশার আল-আসাদ এখন তার শত্রুদের বিরুদ্ধে বিজয়ী হতে যাচ্ছেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Navin Singh KhadkaEnvironment correspondent, BBC World Service Markets selling live animals are considered a potential source of diseases that are new to humans. There has been speculation just such a market in Wuhan could have been the starting point for the outbreak. China put a temporary ban on the trade in wildlife as one measure to control the spread of coronavirus, but conservationists say it's not enough. They argue that, in addition to protecting human health, a permanent ban would be a vital step in the effort to end the illegal trading of wildlife. Campaigners say that China's demand for wildlife products, which find uses in traditional medicine, or as exotic foods, is driving a global trade in endangered species. Major source of infection More than 70% of emerging infections in humans are estimated to have come from animals, particularly wild animals. Experts with the World Health Organization (WHO) say there's a high likelihood the new coronavirus came from bats. But it might have made the jump to a currently unknown animal group before humans could be infected. The viruses behind Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (Mers) are also thought to have originated in bats. But they are thought to have circulated in civet cats and camels, respectively, before being transmitted to humans. "We are coming into contact with species of wildlife and their habitats that we were not with before," Dr Ben Embarek, with the department of nutrition and food safety at the WHO told the BBC. "We are suddenly exposing ourselves to totally new viruses we have never been in contact with in the past. "Therefore, we have a number of new diseases linked to new contacts between humans and previously unknown viruses, bacteria and parasites." A recent analysis of the nearly 32,000 known land-based vertebrate species showed that around 20% of them are bought and sold on the global wildlife market - either legally or illegally. A study by the conservation group WWF showed the illegal wildlife trade is worth around $20bn per year. It is the fourth biggest illegal trade worldwide, after drugs, people smuggling and counterfeiting. The wildlife products industry is a major part of the Chinese economy, and has been blamed for driving several species to the brink of extinction. "This health crisis must serve as a wake-up call for the need to end the unsustainable use of endangered animals and their parts, as exotic pets, for food consumption and for their perceived medicinal value," WWF said in a statement. Dr Embarek agreed with this view. "We want to avoid in the future having similar types of events, with new viruses that will again jump from animals to humans," he explained. "In that regard, it makes sense over the long-term to regulate the wildlife trade both for conservation and public health reasons, because we know that there is a constant risk of dramatic events happening again." The Chinese government, however, has made it clear the ban will be temporary. "Raising, transporting or selling all wild animal species is forbidden from the date of the announcement until the national epidemic situation is over," said a directive issued jointly by three Chinese agencies. Beijing did announce a similar ban during the outbreak of Sars in 2002. But conservationists said that, a few months after the announcements, authorities relaxed the reins and the trade bounced back. Changed scenario? Circumstances may be about to take a turn. In September this year, Beijing is hosting a major global meeting on natural and biological resources, known as the Convention on Biological Diversity. The convention, signed in 1992, has the main goal of protecting global biodiversity. A report last year by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) found that one million species are at risk of extinction. With the planet's sustainability as a major global agenda, China is under scrutiny not only for what it is doing within its territory but also outside. Its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) mega-scheme, that aims to build infrastructure across the globe to establish itself as a major global power, has been criticised for using natural resources unsustainably. Chinese President Xi Jinping has repeatedly used the word "sustainability" while promoting the BRI in his speeches. Recent editorials in China's state-controlled media outlets have denounced the uncontrolled wildlife market in the country. Conservationists say the coronavirus outbreak could provide China with an opportunity to prove that it is serious about protecting biodiversity. "We see this as an opportunity for a permanent move to end the keeping, breeding, domestication and utilisation of wildlife, not just for the purposes of meat but also for traditional medicine," said Debbie Banks, lead wildlife investigator with the London-based Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA). Experts point to the success of the ban China has put on the import of ivory - after years of international pressure to save elephants from extinction. But wildlife experts stress that the ban and regulation on wildlife products will need to be global - and not just in China.

করোনভাইরাস প্রাদুর্ভাব ছড়িয়ে পড়ার পর বন্যপ্রাণী সংরক্ষণ নিয়ে কাজ করা ক্যাম্পেইনাররা চীনের কর্তৃপক্ষের প্রতি আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন যেন তারা বন্যপ্রাণী বাণিজ্য স্থায়ীভাবে নিষিদ্ধ করে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Geeta PandeyBBC News, Delhi She remains in a "critical" condition, suffering from septicaemia and a dangerously low platelet count, paediatrician Ravi Khanna said. "There are chances of her survival, but we would know for sure only after five to seven days," he told the BBC. Police have lodged a criminal case against "unknown persons" and say they are looking for the girl's parents. They have not speculated on possible motives, but India's gender ratio is one of the worst in the world. Women are often discriminated against socially and girls are seen as a financial burden, particularly among poor communities. Abhinandan Singh, senior police officer in Bareilly district where the girl was found, told the BBC he suspected the parents' involvement in her burial because "even after the case has been widely publicised, no-one has come forward to claim her". The newborn was found accidentally on Thursday by a villager who was burying his own daughter, who was stillborn. Hindus generally cremate their dead, but babies and young children are often buried. "When they had dug about 3ft [90cm] below the ground, their shovel hit the earthen pot which broke and they could hear a baby crying. When they pulled out the pot, they found a baby in it," Mr Singh said. The baby was taken to the local government hospital and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. "I think she was about a week old when she was brought into the hospital," chief paediatrician Dr Saurabh Anjan told the BBC over the phone from Bareilly. "She was a premature baby, possibly born at 30 weeks, and weighed a mere 1.1kg [2.4lb] which is a very low birth weight." Dr Anjan said she had also been hypothermic (her body temperature was 35C, well below the normal 36.5C) and had hypoglycaemia (her blood sugar level was 35 when it should have been at least 45). "She was tiny and very weak, we immediately put her on oxygen and began treating her for hypothermia." The baby was moved to Dr Ravi Khanna's paediatric hospital on Sunday, because it has better facilities. "She is being kept in the intensive care unit and is being fed fluids through a tube. Her condition is critical. Her platelet count has dropped to 10,000 while the normal range is 150,000 to 450,000, so we are concerned about the infection in her blood," Dr Khanna told the BBC on Tuesday. There are differing estimates on how long the baby lay buried under ground and the doctors say they can only guess how she survived. Dr Khanna said she might have been buried as long as "three to four days". "She survived on her brown fat. Babies are born with fat on their abdomen, thigh and cheek and they can survive on it in an emergency for some time. Once she exhausted that, she shrivelled up - as you can see in her photograph," he said. But Dr Anjan gives a far more conservative estimate. He believes she was only buried for "two to three hours" and might have survived for "another hour or two" if she hadn't been rescued. He says there would have been an air pocket inside the pot which would have provided her with oxygen. Also, it's possible some oxygen may have filtered through the loose soil, while the fact the pot was not made of dense clay could have helped as well. Local state politician Rajesh Kumar Mishra, from the governing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), says he has "adopted" the baby and that once she is better, she will be raised by him and his wife in their home. "It's a miracle that she survived, I believe that god has saved her life and sent her to me. Now it's our duty to do everything for her. She is oscillating between life and death. Once she recovers, I will take her home and raise her as my daughter," he told the BBC. Mr Mishra has named her Sita after a Hindu goddess who, according to the popular mythological text Ramayana, was found by King Janak when he was ploughing a field. "I visit the hospital several times a day to check on the baby. This afternoon when I visited her along with my wife, I called out her name and she opened her eyes, stretched, and looked at me," he said. The baby girl's abandonment is under investigation and police say they suspect her parents could be complicit in the burial. Abandonment and murder of baby girls in India is not uncommon - there has been a traditional preference for sons over daughters, fuelled by a widely-held belief that a boy will carry forward the family name and look after his parents in their old age, while daughters cost families dowries and marry to live with the husband. Although most unwanted female foetuses are aborted with help from illegal sex determination clinics, cases of baby girls being killed after birth are not uncommon either. This has also led to a dangerously skewed sex ratio in the country. Mr Mishra says: "I don't know what was the compulsion of her biological parents that they abandoned her and buried her, all I can say is that what they did was not right. "I'm praying for her health and long life. I believe the entire world is praying for her survival, for her good health."

উত্তর ভারতে একটি মাটির পাত্রে জীবিত অবস্থায় কবর দেয়া যে শিশুটিকে উদ্ধার করা হয়েছে, সে এখন জীবন বাঁচিয়ে রাখতে জন্য লড়াই করছে বলে জানিয়েছেন চিকিৎসকরা।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Charlie JonesBBC News Six dogs are being trained by Medical Detection Dogs in Milton Keynes. Claire Guest, the charity's co-founder and chief executive, said the dogs were already showing signs that they would be able to sniff out the virus. She has previously trained dogs to spot the scent of malaria, cancer and Parkinson's disease. "The study is moving forwards very well and the signs are all really positive," said Dr Guest. "At the moment, we are cutting up tiny strands of a tennis ball, and then touching the strands with a piece of paper and hiding the paper, and they are able to find it. They are incredibly skilled." Norman, Digby, Storm, Star, Jasper and Asher will be trained to smell the virus on sterilised socks, stockings and face masks worn by NHS staff in London. The team expects the 3,200 samples to start coming back next week. Scientists will work out whether they contain the virus and the dogs will be tasked with spotting the positive samples from the negative ones and alerting the trainers. Dr Guest said her rescue dog Asher has been doing "exceptionally" well in training. The cocker spaniel was rehomed seven times because of his high drive before he found a home with her. "He had already learned how to spot malaria and Parkinson's so we knew he would be well suited to this. He has been finding the training odour without any errors," she said. "He is really leading the way and Storm is also doing incredibly well. He is very driven and really enjoying the work." After eight weeks' initial training, the successful dogs will move on to a second phase to test them in live situations. It is hoped the scheme will be expanded and dogs will be able to screen up to 250 people per hour, potentially at airports. They could also be used at testing centres. The trial, backed by £500,000 of government funding, involves scientists from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and Durham University. Dr Guest started training dogs to detect cancer in 2002 and set up the charity in 2008. A year later, her fox-red Labrador Daisy, trained to detect bladder and prostate cancer, started pawing at her chest. Doctors discovered she had a breast cancer tumour so deep it would have been very hard to detect had she not been alerted. "I know from my own experience how clever these dogs are. They are primed and ready for the task and we are very optimistic we can help in the fight against coronavirus." Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]

কুকুর গন্ধ শুঁকে করোনাভাইরাস ধরতে পারে কিনা তার পরীক্ষা "সফলভাবে এগোচ্ছে" বলে দাবি করেছে একটি স্বেচ্ছাসেবী সংস্থা।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

A customer service employee deactivated the @realdonaldtrump account, it said, clarifying that it had been their last day in the job. The account was down for 11 minutes and Twitter is now investigating. The president brushed off the outage in a new tweet on Friday, suggesting it showed the impact he was having. Tweets from Mr Trump, who has 41.7 million followers, have frequently caused controversy. The latest incident has sparked debate about the security of the president's account, given the potential consequences of posts falsely attributed to Mr Trump being published. However, @POTUS, the official account of the US president, was unaffected. 'Last day' On Thursday evening, visitors to Mr Trump's page for a short time could only see a message that read "Sorry, that page doesn't exist!" After the account was restored, Mr Trump's first tweet was about the Republican Party's tax cuts plan. Twitter said it was investigating the problem and taking steps to avoid it happening again. On Thursday evening, the @TwitterGov account wrote: "Through our investigation we have learned that this was done by a Twitter customer support employee who did this on the employee's last day. We are conducting a full internal review." Then on Friday, the San Francisco-based company posted: "We have implemented safeguards to prevent this from happening again. "We won't be able to share all details about our internal investigation or updates to our security measures, but we take this seriously and our teams are on it." 'Bing, bing, bing' Mr Trump joined Twitter in March 2009 and he has tweeted more than 36,000 times. He has been actively using the social media platform to promote his policies and also attack his political opponents both during the presidential campaign in 2016 and since taking office in January. In one interview he said that when someone said something about him, he was able to go "bing, bing, bing on Twitter" - and take care of it. After he appeared to directly threaten North Korea with destruction in a tweet in September, Twitter was forced to justify allowing the post to stand. It said that Mr Trump's tweet was "newsworthy". In one of his other most controversial tweets, he taunted FBI chief James Comey days before sacking him in May. Tweeting the following month, he admitted he had no such tapes of Mr Comey. Mr Trump's allies have also got into hot water over their use of Twitter. Roger Stone, who advised him during his election campaign, was suspended from the network after he used abusive and homophobic language to target journalists, including a gay CNN presenter, Don Lemon. He said he had been told by Twitter that he had violated its rules. Mr Stone said he would sue Twitter for blocking his account.

তার টুইটার অ্যাকাউন্টের সাময়িক নিষেধাজ্ঞা উঠে যাওয়ার পরপরই গতকাল (বৃহস্পতিবার) যে ভিডিও বার্তা ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প পোস্ট করেছেন, তার কাটা-ছেঁড়া শুরু হয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Officials behind the Osiris-Rex probe, which landed on Bennu earlier this week, say the collection operation may have performed too well. Pictures beamed back to Earth show a rock has wedged open the door of a container and a fraction of the sample is leaking, Nasa says. Nasa is now trying to stow it safely. "A substantial fraction of the required collected mass is seen escaping," head of mission Dante Lauretta said. The craft is believed to have collected some 400g (14oz) of fragments, he said. The probe could not have done better, he added. "My big concern now is that the particles are escaping because we were almost a victim of our own success here." "Time is of the essence," Thomas Zurbuchen, Nasa's associate administrator for science, told reporters as the space agency focuses on making sure no more is lost. The collection container will now be stowed within the spacecraft, which means it will not be possible to measure exactly how much sample has been taken. "Although we may have to move more quickly to stow the sample, it's not a bad problem to have," Mr Zurbuchen said. "We are so excited to see what appears to be an abundant sample that will inspire science for decades beyond this historic moment." Osiris-Rex touched down on Tuesday on 500m-wide Bennu, some 320 million kilometres (200 million miles) from Earth. It kicked up debris and dust when it took the samples from the asteroid's surface. "We really did kind of make a mess," Mr Dante said on Tuesday. Scientists hope the mission will throw light on how the Solar System began 4.5 billion years ago, once the samples are examined when the spacecraft returns home in 2023. Asteroids contain debris from the formation of the Solar System. The spacecraft launched in 2016 and begins its journey back to Earth next March.

নাসা পৃথিবী থেকে কয়েক কোটি কোটি কিলোমিটার দূরের এক গ্রহাণু থেকে পাথরের খণ্ড সংগ্রহ করার জন্য একটি মহাকাশযান পাঠিয়েছিল। কিন্তু মহাকাশযানটি এত বেশি পাথরের নমুনা সংগ্রহ করে ফেলেছে যে তা এখন যান থেকে উপছে পড়ে মহাকাশে ছড়িয়ে যাচ্ছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Andreas IllmerBBC News The meeting in the Pacific port of Vladivostok comes soon after the collapse of the Trump-Kim talks in Hanoi. The international stand-off over Pyongyang's nuclear programme is top of the list of issues to discuss, but both sides are bringing very different agendas to the table. How much influence does Moscow have over North Korea? The Soviet Union was a major ally of North Korea, offering economic co-operation, cultural exchanges and aid. It also provided North Korea with its initial nuclear know-how. But since the collapse of the Iron Curtain the relationship has suffered. With weakened ideological ties there was no reason for special treatment and support. And as a regular trading partner, North Korea was not very attractive to Russia, as it was unable to pay international market prices. Since Russia's gradual estrangement from the West since the early 2000s, relations have picked up somewhat. Moscow has found itself backing countries "based on the old logic that my enemy's enemy is my friend," explains Professor Andrei Lankov of Seoul's Kookmin University. The last North Korea-Russia bilateral meeting was in 2011, when then president Dmitry Medvedev met Mr Kim's father, Kim Jong-il. Their relationship makes sense geographically - they share a short border not far from the important Russian port city of Vladivostok, where the two leaders are widely expected to meet. According to Russia's foreign ministry, there are also some 8,000 North Korean migrant labourers working in Russia, sending vital revenue back home. Other estimates put that number much higher. Under the current UN sanctions, all of these workers will have to be sent home by the end of the year. What does North Korea want? The Hanoi summit between Kim Jong-un and US President Donald Trump collapsed without any agreement or progress on North Korea's nuclear programme. It's an outcome the North Korean leadership had not expected. It had hoped to agree a compromise which would see some easing of the international sanctions which are damaging its economy. "International sanctions are beginning to take effect and without a change in the US position, it's very unlikely North Korea will be able to get sanctions relief and pick up trade with the outside world," says Prof Lankov. So North Korea needs to contact everyone who might be helpful in achieving that goal. Anything from real progress to even symbolic diplomatic assistance would be useful to Pyongyang. Alexey Muraviev, associate professor at Curtin University in Perth, Australia, says North Korea has to show the US "they're not in isolation". "If they can show that major powers are still backing them up, this will give them additional bargaining power to talk to the US and China." So Russia is an attractive option. "Mr Kim needs to be given full credit," Mr Muraviev says. "He is quite skilful in playing high-stakes diplomacy for North Korea's economic interest - and for the survival of his own regime." Courting other dialogue partners goes in tandem with renewed missile activity to pressure Washington back to the negotiating table. "North Korea's strategy always has been walking a tight-rope between the conflicts of the world powers and getting concessions that way," Park Young-ja, a researcher at the Korea Institute for National Unification, told BBC Korean. "So meeting with Russia could be a card it can play against China and the US." What does Moscow want? President Putin has been eager to meet the North Korean leader for quite some time. Yet amid the two Trump-Kim summits, the Kremlin was somewhat sidelined. Life in North Korea So after the failure of the Hanoi talks, a meeting with Kim Jong-un is a good opportunity for Mr Putin to put Moscow back on the playing field. Like the US and China, Russia is uncomfortable with North Korea being a nuclear state and in the early 2000s was part of the ill-fated six-party talks after Pyongyang withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. But unlike Washington, Moscow wants to accept the status quo: denuclearisation is seen as an unrealistic goal so the Kremlin instead wants talks with Pyongyang aimed at stabilising the situation. Russia's involvement is also a matter of prestige and reputation. Regardless of how the US-North Korea relations will pan out, Russia is keen on being involved at least at some level. If Mr Putin manages to have at least some say in the situation, he can show that Russia is still present in the region. And if the Kremlin was to contribute in a meaningful way to solving the North Korea situation, even better. What's the likely outcome of the talks? By most estimates, there won't be any major agreement or deals struck between the two countries. Aside from getting some international recognition and leverage for future talks with Washington, North Korea is primarily interested in money. "The country's economic situation is bad and Pyongyang desperately wants a relaxation in the sanctions so regular trade can pick up," says Mr Lankov. "It also wants free money in the form of aid." Yet neither is likely to be forthcoming from Moscow. The overwhelming sense in Moscow remains that Pyongyang is an unreliable and unmanageable state it will not spend a lot of money on, Mr Lankov says. And money is what North Korea needs most. "I don't think North Korea can get much from Russia," Lee Jai-chun, a former South Korean ambassador to Russia, told BBC Korean. "The Russian economy is in a difficult situation after the sanctions over Crimea. The meeting would be a gesture to the Trump administration, and to South Korea." A meeting will also have domestic implications, he says. "North Korea's citizens know that the summit with US was a failure so the meeting with Russia could be a 'show' to the North Korean people." In terms of economic ties, Russia is bound by UN Security Council sanctions. "It will not officially violate those sanctions," Mr Lankov says. "At best Moscow might turn a blind eye to some minor sanctions violations." Open violations seen as sanctioned by the Kremlin would only hurt Russia's interests with very little in return: North Korea is not a relevant export market for Russia. And in turn, North Korea has no major products useful for Russia. "So at most, there will be some small symbolic aid promises," suggests Mr Lankov, "and a lot of words with very little action". "Moscow is wary of spending money on a country that's seen as extremely unreliable, especially at a time when Russia itself is suffering from international sanctions." So in the end, Russia might be merely another voice urging North Korea against escalating tensions while Kim Jong-un will hope the meeting might put him in a better bargaining position to deal with Washington.

উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং আন শীঘ্রই রাশিয়া সফরে গিয়ে প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিনের সঙ্গে বৈঠক করবেন বলে উত্তর কোরিয়ার রাষ্ট্রীয় গণমাধ্যম নিশ্চিত করেছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Air India's company advisory instructs crew to say the phrase after a "slight pause and with much fervour". This quickly inspired tweets of imaginary in-flight announcements that end with "Jai Hind". But many wondered if patriotism was the right focus for the struggling airline. Air India, which is in severe debt, has not turned a profit since 2007 and a recent government offer to sell a controlling stake in it failed to attract any takers. The directive from Air India comes at a time when patriotism is particularly high in India. The country has been at loggerheads with its nuclear-armed neighbour Pakistan over the past few weeks, following a deadly suicide bombing that killed at least 40 Indian paramilitary troops in the disputed Kashmir region. The incident which led to airstrikes by India and the subsequent capture and release of an Indian pilot by Pakistan, saw increasing nationalist sentiment fuelled by national and social media. While some people welcomed the Air India directive on Monday, others joked about how unusual it might sound to end in-flight announcements - mundane or otherwise - with an energetic "Jai Hind". One Twitter user even suggested a competition to see which passengers respond with the loudest "Jai Hind" - with the winner getting a free upgrade. Air India, the country's oldest commercial airline, has long been the butt of jokes focusing on its customer service and old planes. It was recently in the news for a bed bug infestation on one of its aircraft. So Twitter users did not miss the opportunity to also poke fun at the airline for delays and cancellations.

ভারতের রাষ্ট্রীয় বিমান সংস্থা এয়ার ইন্ডিয়া তার ক্রুদের বলেছে, যাত্রীদের উদ্দেশ্য করে ঘোষণার সময় তাদের প্রতিবার 'জয় হিন্দ' বলতে হবে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Here are just some of the hurdles facing the UK after Brexit. 1. Agreeing a trade deal with the EU This legal departure from the EU means the UK can finally start formal trade negotiations - both with the EU and countries around the world, like the US. The government is determined not to extend the post-Brexit transition period - to discuss the future relationship with the EU - beyond the end of 2020. This means the timetable for getting an agreement with the EU is extremely tight. Formal talks are expected to begin in March, once the remaining 27 EU countries have agreed on instructions for their negotiators. Getting any agreement finally signed off and put into practice will take a couple of months towards the end of the year. So, realistically, that only leaves time for a fairly basic free trade deal to emerge, with plenty of issues still up for discussion once the transition period is over. The government talks about getting a "zero tariff, zero quota" deal on goods, with no border taxes and no limits on exports and imports. But there are a host of issues to be dealt with if the aim is to keep trade flowing as smoothly as possible, and that is before we mention the services sector. From financial and business services to the food and drinks industry, this accounts for more than 80% of UK jobs. It is of course in the interest of both sides to get a deal done, but it remains a massive task. Expect disputes about fisheries, fair competition, the role of the European Court of Justice and more. It is possible that no deal will be done in time, which will generate a fresh crisis in UK/EU relations as 2020 draws to a close. 2. Keeping the UK secure If the challenge to get a trade deal within 11 months is not hard enough, the UK must also agree a treaty to paper over legal cracks in the way countries work together on security. Policing and security experts in the UK and the EU agree that things will become harder after Brexit. For instance, the UK no longer has a place on the team that manages Europol, the agency that co-ordinates major investigations into Europe-wide organised crime. This means the UK's priorities - such as concerns about smuggling people or arms across the English Channel - may, slowly, fall down the pecking order. British police officers can, for now, still use EU systems to check criminal records of foreign nationals, or alerts on wanted people from around the continent. But access to that information could either end or become harder, because many member states have their own specific laws governing data-sharing beyond the EU. The government is trying to think ahead. It has, for instance, pledged to pass laws to ensure the same fast service the UK has enjoyed from the European Arrest Warrant - which allows suspects to be sent to another country for trial - if a deal cannot be struck. Everyone, on both sides, wants that. The question is whether it is legally doable - and if so, can it be done by January 2021? 3. Making sure the food keeps coming From farming and fishing to manufacturing and retail, the UK's food and drink sector adds £460bn to the UK economy every year, employing more than four million people. It represents a fifth of UK manufacturing, by far the biggest chunk of the sector. So there is some nervousness about what will happen to the complicated way that food and drink makes its way to consumers after the end of the transition period. A third of people in the industry are from outside the UK, with many from Eastern Europe. What happens if the number of such workers is restricted because of the introduction of a minimum salary being imposed for migrants? When it comes to trade, there is the prospect products may have to be opened and checked at borders which could add expense and cut the shelf life of fresh food. And the Food and Drink Federation, a body representing food manufacturers, says the most complex challenge is around trying to get a trade deal with Europe that satisfies what are called "rules of origin". UK manufacturers use a mixture of domestic and internationally-produced ingredients, which would not be allowed under rules included in recent EU trade deals. 4. Building a new role in the world The government has a huge task ahead to establish the UK's place in the world after leaving the EU. Ministers have to work out what the government's slogan "Global Britain" actually means. The traditional role of providing a transatlantic bridge between Europe and the US will be put to one side. Instead, ministers must develop a more independent foreign policy. That could mean less automatic support from the UK for the US, as it focuses more on domestic issues and less on its relations with other countries. It will mean a new relationship with European allies, not through EU structures, but through smaller existing groups. These include the E3, an informal group made up of the UK, Germany and France, which has worked together on issues like relations with Iran. The biggest foreign policy challenge will be how to navigate a path between an increasingly stronger China and a defensive US, without the protective membership of the EU. To that end, Boris Johnson has ordered what he calls an 'integrated review" of the UK's security, defence and foreign policy which is expected to report later this year. Please upgrade your browser Your guide to Brexit jargon Use the list below or select a button 5. Showing that all the arguing was worth it The protesters who turn up on Westminster's College Green are a lonely bunch these days. Even the most ardent fan of the EU would have to admit that the heat has gone out of the passionate, and often vicious, political fight of the last few years. The challenge for Mr Johnson is now to show to the public that all the disruption, all the arguing, was actually worth it. That will not be easy. Brexiteers are keen to make the most of the powers that will come back to the UK from Brussels as soon as possible. But now we are in the departure lounge - the transition period where the status quo will stay pretty much the same. Even if you popped champagne on Friday night to celebrate the UK leaving the EU, when you woke up on Saturday morning not much would have actually felt very different. Can the enthusiasm and excitement on that side be managed? And even though the stay or leave debate is now at an end, some voters still believe we are setting off on a path of folly. And there are big fears that a trade deal No 10 wants simply is not doable by the end of the year. Mr Johnson would be perfectly happy if after Friday, the B-word was never heard again, but he needs to show to the public on both sides it was worth it. He has already found a place in the history books, but the chapter is not yet complete. What questions do you have about Brexit and how it will affect you in the future? In some cases your question will be published, displaying your name, age and location as you provide it, unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. Please ensure you have read our terms & conditions and privacy policy. Use this form to ask your question:

যুক্তরাজ্য ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন ছেড়েছে কিন্তু এখনো অনেক প্রশ্ন রয়ে গেছে, যার উত্তর মেলেনি।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday's stabbings at the Notre-Dame basilica were an "Islamist terrorist attack". A suspect is in custody. Mr Macron later met police and emergency workers at the scene of the attack. Nice's Mayor Christian Estrosi, pictured below, said the suspect had repeated the words "Allahu Akbar (God is greatest)". An elderly woman and a man were killed inside the church, while another woman who escaped died later of her injuries. Many on the streets of Nice were shocked at the attack. The killings come two weeks after a schoolteacher in Paris was beheaded after showing his pupils cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed. There have been anti-France protests in a number of Muslim countries after President Macron defended publication of the cartoons. Security remains tight at the scene as investigations continue. This is not the first time that Nice has experienced a terror attack. In 2016, 86 people were killed when a man drove a truck into crowds of people celebrating Bastille Day. All images are subject to copyright

ফ্রান্সের নিস শহরে একটি গির্জায় ছুরি নিয়ে চালানো হামলায় তিন ব্যক্তি মারা গেছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

There was also a huge increase in the number of cases, with 14,840 people diagnosed with Covid-19. Hubei has started using a broader definition to diagnose people, which accounts for most of the rise in cases. China sacked two top officials in Hubei province hours after the new figures were revealed. Until Wednesday's increases, the number of people with the virus in Hubei, where the outbreak emerged, was stabilising. But the new cases and deaths in the province have pushed the national death toll above 1,350 with almost 60,000 infections in total. Meanwhile Japan has announced its first coronavirus death - a woman in her 80s who lived in Kanagawa, south-west of Tokyo. It is the third death outside mainland China, following one each in the Philippines and Hong Kong. The woman's diagnosis was confirmed after her death and she had no obvious link to China's Hubei province, Japanese media reported. The World Health Organization (WHO) says it is seeking "further clarity" from China about the changes to how cases of the virus are being confirmed. China has been accused of suppressing the full extent of the outbreak in the past, says the BBC's Nick Beake in Hong Kong. David Heymann, Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: "What has happened in China is that they have changed the definition of what the disease really is - now they are taking people who have lesser symptoms. "The deaths are quite worrisome, there is an increased number of deaths reported, but if you look overall at the total number of deaths and the total number of cases, the fatality ratio is about the same as it has been - but it is still high, as high as the death rate in influenza." Only Hubei province - which accounts for more than 80% of overall Chinese infections - is using the new definition to diagnose new cases. Can we trust the numbers? Just about everyone who's been following China's official coronavirus numbers has been able to see that they have been incomplete. Government officials know this too. There's no way they've accounted for everybody infected. How could they? But at least we had what appeared to be a trend. We could observe the pattern to try and estimate the trajectory of outbreak. Now that's gone too. You can understand why it has been decided that people who have virus symptoms, plus a CT scan showing chest infection, are now being counted in the "definitely infected" column. However, this has thrown the trend mapping into chaos. Over the past 24 hours in Hubei alone, nearly 15,000 people were moved into the infected column. This would have sent shockwaves around the world, but actually, if you consider Wednesday's cases by the old definition, the rate could well mean another day of decline: a completely different picture. So now, we're scratching our heads: do we start looking at the pattern all over again from Thursday onwards? This has also left many wondering what the real death rate must have been over recent weeks and the extent to which we should be treating the overall figures seriously anyway. Meanwhile, the Communist Party secretary in Hubei, Jiang Chaoliang, has been replaced by the Shanghai party chief, Ying Yong, according to state media. The party chief of the capital city, Wuhan, has also been relieved of his duties. It is the first major change of Hubei party officials since the outbreak began. Earlier this week, a number of health officials were "removed" from their jobs. What is the new diagnosis method? The province now includes "clinically diagnosed cases" in the number of confirmed cases. This means it includes those showing symptoms, and having a CT scan showing an infected lung, rather than relying only on the standard nucleic acid tests. Of the 242 new deaths in Wuhan, 135 are such "clinically diagnosed" cases. That means, even without the new definition, the number of deaths in Hubei on Wednesday was 107 - a new high for the province. The province's 14,840 new infections include 13,332 clinically diagnosed cases. Overall, the province now has 48,206 confirmed infections. What is the latest with the cruise ships? A cruise ship carrying more than 2,000 people has docked in Cambodia after it was turned away by five ports over fears that some passengers might be infected with the virus. The MS Westerdam arrived on Thursday morning after Japan, Taiwan, Guam, the Philippines and Thailand had all refused to accept the ship despite having no sick patients on board. Meanwhile, another 44 cases have been confirmed on the Diamond Princess, which is in quarantine in Yokohama, Japan. The increase means 218 people of the 3,700 people on board the ship have caught the virus. Not everyone has been tested yet. People with the virus are taken to hospitals on land to be treated, while those on board are largely confined to their cabins. However on Thursday Japan said it would allow those aged 80 or over who have tested negative for the coronavirus to disembark. Health Minister Katsunobu Kato said they could be allowed off the ship as early as Friday but would have to stay in accommodation provided by the government, the Japan Times reported. In other developments: Read more about the coronavirus and its impact SHOULD WE WORRY? Our health correspondent explains YOUR QUESTIONS: Can you get it more than once? WHAT YOU CAN DO: Do masks really help? UNDERSTANDING THE SPREAD: A visual guide to the outbreak Are you in Hubei? Or do you have information to share? Get in touch by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:

চীনের হুবেই প্রবেশে বুধবার ২৪২ জনের মৃত্যুর ঘটনা রেকর্ড করা হয়েছে। বলা হচ্ছে করোনাভাইরাস সংক্রমণ ছড়িয়ে পড়ার পর এটিই ভয়ালতম দিন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

A near-total internet blackout is in effect with connectivity falling to 16% of ordinary levels, said the monitoring group NetBlocks Internet Observatory. In the main city, Yangon, crowds chanted "Military dictator, fail, fail; Democracy, win, win". Police with riot shields have blocked the main roads into the city centre. The internet shutdown happened hours after the military blocked access to Twitter and Instagram to stop people mobilising for protests. Facebook had been banned a day earlier. Many users had evaded the restrictions on social media by using virtual private networks (VPNs) but the more general blackout severely disrupted that. Civil society organisations urged internet providers and mobile networks to challenge the blackout order, Reuters news agency reported. Human rights group Amnesty International called the shutdown "heinous and reckless" and warned it could put the people of Myanmar at risk of human rights violations. The military has not commented. It temporarily blocked access to the internet following the coup on 1 February. Rallying 'for future generations' On Saturday morning, protesters - including factory workers and young students - called for the release of those detained by the army, including elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi. They marched through the streets of Yangon as city buses sounded their horns in support. Bystanders flashed the three-finger Hunger Games salute, which has become a symbol of defiance against authoritarianism, while residents clapped or banged pots and pans on their doorsteps. Many households have also been displaying red stickers in their windows in support of Ms Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party, the BBC's Burmese editor Soe Win Than reports. Police with riot shields used barbed wire to block roads and water cannon were put in place in some areas as a precaution, but the demonstration reportedly remained peaceful, with no attempt by protesters to pass police lines. Demonstrators gave police roses and bottles of drinking water, calling on them to support the people not the new regime. One female protester, who asked not to be named, said she would not accept the "unjust seizing of power". "Because of military dictatorship, many of our lives have been destroyed," she said, adding: "We cannot allow our future generations to meet the same fate." Speaking from Yangon, Britain's ambassador to Myanmar, Dan Chugg, told the BBC that people were taking to the streets in increasing numbers. "The grief and the sadness of the last few days is gradually turning to anger," he said, adding: "Doctors are refusing to work and civil servants have been refusing to work... There's quite a sense around the country of unhappiness at what's happened - and outrage." Another demonstration took place on Saturday in Myanmar's second city, Mandalay. Myanmar - also known as Burma - has remained mostly calm in the aftermath of the coup, and there were no immediate reports of violence after Saturday's protests. More demonstrations were expected to be held later. The military authorities are hunkered down in the capital, Nay Pyi Daw, and have so far avoided direct engagement with the protesters. The BBC's Nyein Chan in Yangon says the Burmese know very well the violent crackdowns that the military is capable of. The country was ruled by an oppressive military government from 1962 to 2011. But now that people have had time to digest what is happening, they are finding different ways to get their voices heard, our correspondent says. Ms Suu Kyi is under house arrest, according to her lawyer. Police documents show she is accused of illegally importing and using communications equipment - walkie-talkies - at her home in the capital. Social media's role as coup unfolded The coup took place as a new session of parliament was set to open, following November's landslide election win by the NLD party. Many Burmese watched the events unfold in real time on Facebook, which is the country's primary source of information and news. But three days later, internet providers were ordered to block the platform for stability reasons. Following the ban, thousands of users were active on Twitter and Instagram using hashtags to express their opposition to the takeover. By 22:00 local time (15:30 GMT) on Friday access to those platforms had also been denied. There was no official word from the coup leaders but AFP reported it had seen an unverified ministry document that said the two social media sites were being used to "cause misunderstanding among the public". A spokeswoman for Twitter said the ban undermined "the public conversation and the rights of people to make their voices heard". Facebook, which owns Instagram, called on the authorities to "restore connectivity". Myanmar at a glance Myanmar is a country of 54 million people in South East Asia which shares borders with Bangladesh, India, China, Thailand and Laos. It was ruled by an oppressive military government from 1962 to 2011, either directly or indirectly, leading to international condemnation and sanctions. Aung San Suu Kyi spent years campaigning for democratic reforms. A gradual liberalisation began in 2010, though the military still retained considerable influence. A government led by Ms Suu Kyi came to power after free elections in 2015. But a deadly military crackdown two years later on Rohingya Muslims sent hundreds of thousands fleeing to Bangladesh. It triggered a rift between Ms Suu Kyi and her previous supporters in the international community after she refused to condemn the crackdown or describe it as ethnic cleansing. But she has remained hugely popular at home, shown in her party's landslide win in the November election. Have you been affected by recent events in Myanmar? You can share your experience by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also get in touch in the following ways: Your contact info I am over 16 years old I accept the Terms of Service In some cases a selection of your comments and questions will be published, displaying your name and location as you provide it unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. At no time should you endanger yourself or others, take any unnecessary risks or infringe any laws. The BBC retains the right to select from these contributions based on editorial requirements and subject to online terms and conditions and BBC editorial guidelines. For more information about how the BBC handles your personal data, see here. If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question or comment or you can email us at [email protected]. Please include your name, age and location with any submission.

মিয়ানমারে সেনা অভ্যুত্থানের বিরুদ্ধে সোমবার হাজার হাজার মানুষ বিশাল এক বিক্ষোভ সমাবেশ করার পর সামরিক শাসকরা দেশটির ইন্টারনেট সংযোগ বন্ধ করে দিয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Rayhan DemytrieBBC South Caucasus correspondent Wafa and Maha al-Subaie, 28, are now in the republic of Georgia and are under state protection in a shelter. They had made their case for international help on Twitter, under the account @GeorgiaSisters. The sisters are appealing to the UN to help them get to a third, safe country. They travelled to Georgia as Saudis do not require entry visas. "We need your support, we want protection, we want a country that will welcome us and protect our rights," said Wafa. Looking distressed and terrified, the Saudi sisters arrived at Georgia's migration department on Thursday evening accompanied by immigration authorities. In an interview to local media the sisters said they did not feel safe in Georgia because it would be easy for their male relatives to find them. "Georgia is a small country and anyone from our family can come and track us down," Wafa said. Asked why they felt threatened in Saudi Arabia, she said it is "because we are women". "Our family threaten us every day in our country," she said, while her sister Maha said they had proof of this. This is the latest case of Saudi women fleeing the ultra-conservative kingdom, where women are forced to obtain the permission of their male guardians if they want to work or travel. In January 2019, the 18-year old Saudi teenager, Rahaf Mohammed al-Qanun, made international headlines after she flew to Thailand and barricaded herself in a hotel while appealing on Twitter for help to avoid deportation. She has since been granted asylum in Canada. And in March, two other Saudi sisters who spent six months hiding in Hong Kong were granted humanitarian visas after fleeing to escape lives of "violence and oppression". "In Saudi Arabia men control women's lives from birth until death under the male guardianship system," said Human Rights Watch Middle East director Sarah Leah Whitson. "The Georgian authorities have said they will respect the sisters' right to claim asylum, which is the appropriate and welcome response. The real focus now should be on removing the systematic discrimination that women face in Saudi Arabia and providing meaningful and effective assistance to Saudi women subjected to abuse."

''আমাদের মুখ ঢেকে রাখতে হতো....রান্নাবান্না করতে হতো, যেন আমরা দাস। আমরা এটা চাই না, আমরা সত্যিকারের একটা জীবন চাই, আমাদের জীবন,'' বলছেন ২৫ বছরের ওয়াফা, সর্বশেষ যে সৌদি নারী তার বোনের সঙ্গে সৌদি আরব থেকে পালিয়ে এসেছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The bill would require the government to resume enriching uranium to 20% - well above the 3.67% agreed under a 2015 nuclear deal - if crippling sanctions are not eased in two months. Iran's President Hassan Rouhani said he opposed the implementation of the law. It comes after the targeted killing of Iran's top nuclear scientist. Mohsen Fakhrizadeh was killed in a mysterious attack on a road outside the capital Tehran last Friday. Iran believes Israel and an exiled opposition group used a remote-control weapon to carry out the shooting. Israel has not publicly commented on the allegations of its involvement. Fakhrizadeh played a crucial role in Iran's nuclear programme, but the government insists its nuclear activities are entirely peaceful. It has been subjected to crippling Western sanctions aimed at preventing it from developing nuclear weapons. What does Iran's new law mean for its nuclear programme? Under the law, ratified by Iran's Guardian Council, Tehran would give two months for the European signatories of the 2015 nuclear agreement to work to ease sanctions on Iran's oil and financial sectors imposed when the US abandoned the deal in 2018. If the sanctions had not been eased by the deadline, the government would then increase uranium enrichment to 20% and install advanced centrifuges, which are used to enrich uranium, at its nuclear facilities at Natanz and Fordow. It would also block UN inspectors from accessing these sites. "Today in a letter, the parliament speaker officially asked the president to implement the new law," Iran's Fars news agency reported on Wednesday. Before the law was ratified, President Rouhani said his government did not agree with the legislation, which he described as "damaging for diplomacy". US President Donald Trump pulled out of the 2015 nuclear agreement in May 2018, and reimposed strict economic sanctions against Tehran. President-elect Joe Biden has said he would return the US to the agreement - negotiated under Barack Obama - and would lift sanctions if Tehran returned to "strict compliance with the nuclear deal". Mr Biden, who is due to be sworn in as the 46th US president on 20 January, told the New York Times that "it's going to be hard", but that "the last goddamn thing we need in that part of the world is a build-up of nuclear capability". Iran breached the 3.67% cap in July 2019 and the enrichment level has remained steady at up to 4.5% since then. Low-enriched uranium - which typically has a 3-5% concentration of uranium-235 - can be used to produce fuel for power plants. Weapons-grade uranium is 90% enriched or more. Suspicions that Iran was using its nuclear programme as a cover to develop a nuclear bomb prompted the EU, US and UN to impose sanctions in 2010. The 2015 deal was designed to constrain the programme in a verifiable way in return for sanctions relief.

পরমাণু উৎপাদন কেন্দ্রে জাতিসংঘের পরিদর্শন বন্ধ করতে এবং ইউরেনিয়ামের উৎপাদন বাড়ানোর পদক্ষেপ হিসেবে নিজেদের পার্লামেন্টে নতুন একটি আইন পাস করেছে ইরান।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

In an event called Quit Bugging Me!!!, keepers at El Paso Zoo will feed the insects to hungry meerkats. They will also display ex partners' names around the meerkat enclosure and on social media. Sarah Borrego, the event organiser, said it was a "fun and different" way to celebrate Valentine's Day. "All of us have exes and we are still not over it and it's a great way to get the community in and also get out a little bit of the frustration," she said. The event will be streamed lived on Facebook and on the zoo's "meerkat webcam". Since the event was posted on Facebook on Monday, the names of 1500 ex-partners have been sent to the zoo, with entries coming from as far afield as Germany and Australia. The event has also sparked excitement on Twitter. Only the first names or initials of ex-lovers are to be on display in the zoo and on social media. Ms Borrego thinks that the overwhelming response may be an indication "that people are sick of Valentine's" because it is so commercial. She added that the zoo has not received any complaints about the event but that "there might be some backlash". Ms Borrego said the cockroaches will be fed to monkeys as well as meerkats. "Cockroaches are considered a treat for meerkats," she said. The animals will only receive one cockroach each as the insects are "the equivalent of cookies" for humans. Bronx Zoo in New York and The Hemsley Conservation Centre in Kent, UK, are inviting visitors to take part in similar exercises. Last year, Hemsley Conservation Centre had a two-for-one offer for couples to visit the zoo but this Valentine's Day they decided to do something different. Henry Weedon, the operations manager, said Valentine's Day was a good opportunity for visitors to learn about the insects. Visitors pay £1.50 ($2) to receive a certificate as a "keepsake" of the cockroach named after their ex-lover. "We have had people say we'll give you a £500 donation if you film someone stamping on the cockroach," he said, but the zoo has refused, deciding to keep the cockroaches alive. Like El Paso Zoo, they will also be displaying the names of the spurned lovers on Valentine's Day. Sydney Zoo in Australia has gone one step further - visitors have been asked to enter a competition to name a highly venomous brown snake after an ex-lover. Entrants have to explain to the zoo what their ex did to earn a snake being named after them. You might also like:

ভ্যালেন্টাইনস ডে উদযাপনের অংশ হিসেবে টেক্সাসের এক চিড়িয়াখানা কর্তৃপক্ষ তাদের দর্শনার্থীদের সাবেক প্রেমিক বা প্রেমিকার নামে চিড়িয়াখানার আরশোলা বা তেলাপোকার নামকরণ করার সুযোগ দিচ্ছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The announcement comes a year after the government introduced the tax, known as GST, on all goods - including the 12% duty on menstrual hygiene products. Campaigners argued the tax would make them even more unaffordable in a country where an estimated four out of five women and girls already have no access to items like sanitary pads. The news was welcomed by campaigners. Surbhi Singh, founder of Sachhi Saheli, a menstrual health awareness charity, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation: "This was a most-awaited and necessary step to help girls and women to stay in school, their jobs, to practise proper menstrual hygiene. "This will help them to grow, to show their true potential." Periods are one of the leading reasons why girls drop out of education in India, while many others are forced to stay at home because they can't access sanitary products. Some women use cloth or rags - which, if not clean, can increase the risk of infections. So when the government branded tampons and sanitary pads a luxury item, with a 12% tax, it sparked an immediate campaign to get the measure revoked, including court challenges and petitions - one of which got more than 400,000 signatures. It was known as Lahu ka Lagaan in Hindi, which translates as "blood tax". The announcement their campaign had been successful was made by India's interim finance minister, Piyush Goyal, who said he was "sure all mothers and sisters will be very happy to hear that sanitary pads are now 100% exempt from tax". Campaigner Amar Tulsiyan, founder of Niine Movement, went further, saying it was "a big win for everyone" in India. Period poverty is not only a problem affecting women in India. According to charity Plan International UK, one in 10 disadvantaged girls below the age of 21 cannot afford sanitary products. The UK still has a 5% tax, despite campaigners calling for it to be scrapped.

সক্রিয়তা কর্মীদের দীর্ঘ প্রচারণার পর সব ধরণের স্যানিটারি পণ্যের ওপর ১২% কর আরোপের সিদ্ধান্ত বর্জন করেছে ভারত।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Zoe KleinmanTechnology reporter, BBC News The new rules, including the controversial Article 13, will hold tech firms responsible for material posted without copyright permission. Sharing memes and GIFs will still be allowed under the new laws. Many musicians and creators say the legislation will compensate artists fairly - but others argue that they will destroy user-generated content. Copyright is the legal right that allows an artist to protect how their original work is used. Tech companies have argued that artists are already paid fairly under the current system. Google said it would "harm Europe's creative and digital industries". High-profile figures who have campaigned against the EU Copyright Directive include Wyclef Jean and web inventor Sir Tim Berners Lee, while Debbie Harry and Sir Paul McCartney have been among its supporters. It has taken several revisions for the current legislation, which was was backed by 348 MEPs, with 274 against, to reach its final form. It is now up to member states to approve the decision. If they do, they will have two years to implement it once it is officially published. The two clauses causing the most controversy are known as Article 11 and Article 13. It means they would need to apply filters to content before it is uploaded. Article 13 does not include cloud storage services and there are already existing exemptions, including parody, which, for example, includes memes. Memes 'excluded' It was Article 13 which prompted fears over the future of memes and GIFs - stills, animated or short video clips that go viral - since they mainly rely on copyrighted scenes from TV and film. Critics claimed Article 13 would have made it nearly impossible to upload even the tiniest part of a copyrighted work to Facebook, YouTube, or any other site. However, specific tweaks to the law made earlier this year made memes safe "for purposes of quotation, criticism, review, caricature, parody and pastiche". The European Parliament said that memes would be "specifically excluded" from the directive, although it was unclear how tech firms would be able to enforce that rule with a blanket filter. MEP for London Mary Honeyball said: "There's no problem with memes at all. This directive was never intended to stop memes and mashups. "I think that's doom-mongering. People who carry out their business properly have nothing to worry about at all." 'Massive blow' Robert Ashcroft, chief executive of PRS for Music, which collects royalties for music artists, welcomed the directive as "a massive step forward" for consumers and creatives. "It's about making sure that ordinary people can upload videos and music to platforms like YouTube without being held liable for copyright - that responsibility will henceforth be transferred to the platforms," he said. However the campaign group Open Knowledge International described it as "a massive blow" for the internet. "We now risk the creation of a more closed society at the very time we should be using digital advances to build a more open world where knowledge creates power for the many, not the few," said chief executive Catherine Stihler. Google said that while the latest version of the directive was improved, there remained "legal uncertainty". "The details matter and we look forward to working with policy-makers, publishers, creators and rights holders, as EU member states move to implement these new rules," it said. Kathy Berry, senior lawyer at Linklaters, said more detail was required about how Article 13 would be enforced. "While Article 13 may have noble aims, in its current form it functions as little more than a set of ideals, with very little guidance on exactly which service providers will be caught by it or what steps will be sufficient to comply," she said. European Parliament Rapporteur Axel Voss said the legislation was designed to protect people's livelihoods. "This directive is an important step towards correcting a situation which has allowed a few companies to earn huge sums of money without properly remunerating the thousands of creatives and journalists whose work they depend on," he said. "It helps make the internet ready for the future, a space which benefits everyone, not only a powerful few."

ইউরোপীয় পার্লামেন্ট বিতর্কিত কপিরাইট আইন পাসের পক্ষে ভোট দিয়েছে; সমালোচকরা বলছেন এই আইন ইন্টারনেট ব্যবহারের ধারা সম্পূর্ণ পাল্টে দিতে পারে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The new duties, some as high as 70%, are in response to Washington's refusal to exempt Delhi from higher taxes on steel and aluminium imports. Earlier this month, US President Trump also announced the US was withdrawing India's preferential trade treatment. Tariffs of up to 120% were announced by India in June last year, but trade talks had delayed their implementation. In an announcement on Friday, India's Ministry of Finance said the decision was in the "public interest". An earlier list had also listed a 29th item - artemia, a type of shrimp - but this was removed. US-India bilateral trade was worth $142bn (£111bn) in 2018, a sevenfold increase since 2001, according to US figures. But $5.6n worth of Indian exports - previously duty-free in the US - will be hit now the country has lost preferential treatment under America's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). The move is the latest push by the Trump administration to redress what it considers to be unfair trading relationships with other countries. Tensions have since been rising between the two countries. Last year, India retaliated against US tariff hikes on aluminium and steel by raising its own import duties on a range of goods. President Trump has also threatened to impose sanctions if India purchases oil from Iran and if it goes ahead with plans to buy Russian S-400 anti-aircraft missiles. The latest tariffs from India come just days before country's Foreign Minister, Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, is due to meet his US counterpart, Mike Pompeo, at a G20 summit in Japan. Mr Trump and India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi are also expected to hold talks.

রবিবার থেকে মার্কিন ২৮পি পণ্যের ওপর শুল্ক বসানোর ঘোষণা দিয়েছে ভারত। নতুন এই শুল্ক হার সর্বোচ্চ ৭০ শতাংশ পর্যন্ত কার্যকর হতে পারে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

They say it makes "the home the most likely place for a woman to be killed". More than half of the 87,000 women killed in 2017 were reported as dying at the hands of those closest to them. Of that figure, approximately 30,000 women were killed by an intimate partner and another 20,000 by a relative. BBC 100 Women wanted to find out more about the women behind the numbers. We spent October monitoring reports of gender-related killings of women on the first day of that month. We will share some of their stories below and find out more about how these killings were reported. Male homicide rates still higher The data collected by UNODC highlights that "men are around four times more likely than women to lose their lives as a result of intentional homicide". The UN indicates that men accounted for eight out of 10 homicide victims worldwide. However, the same report suggests that more than eight out of 10 victims of homicides committed by intimate partners are female. "Intimate partner violence continues to take a disproportionately heavy toll on women," the report states. Forty-seven women, 21 countries, one day The UN statistics summarise the findings for 2017 based on homicide statistics provided by government sources. The figures for "gender-related killings of women and girls", or "femicide", are collated using the criteria of intimate partner/family-related homicide. BBC 100 Women and BBC Monitoring set out to find out more about the women behind the numbers. We monitored press coverage of women killed by another person on 1 October 2018 around the world. Our regional specialists counted 47 women reported killed, apparently for gender-related reasons, in 21 different countries. Most of these killings are still being investigated. Women whose killings were reported by the media on 1 October 2018 Here are five of these cases, reported initially by local media and then verified by local authorities the BBC contacted. Judith Chesang, 22, Kenya On Monday 1 October, Judith Chesang and her sister Nancy were out in the fields harvesting their sorghum crop. Judith, a mother of three, had recently separated from her husband, Laban Kamuren, and had decided to return to her parents' village in the north of the country. Soon after the sisters began their duties, he arrived at the family farm where he attacked and killed Judith. Local police say he has since been killed by villagers. Africa was where women ran the greatest risk of being killed by their intimate partner or family member, the UN report says. It occurred at a rate of 3.1 deaths per 100,000 people. Asia had the greatest number of women killed by intimate partners or family members in 2017, with a total of 20,000. Neha Sharad Chaudury, 18, India Neha Sharad Chaudury died in a suspected "honour" killing on her 18th birthday. She had been out celebrating with her boyfriend. Police confirmed to the BBC that her parents did not approve of the relationship. Her parents and another male relative are accused of killing her in their home that evening. The investigation continues and the three remain in judicial custody awaiting trial. The BBC has learned from the lawyer representing Neha's parents and her male relative that they intend to deny the charges. Hundreds of people are killed each year for falling in love or marrying against their families' wishes. Official data on so-called honour killings is hard to come by as such crimes are often unrecorded or unreported. Zeinab Sekaanvan, 24, Iran Zeinab Sekaanvan was executed by the Iranian authorities for murdering her husband. Zeinab was born in the north-west of Iran into a poor conservative family of Kurdish origin. She ran away as a teenager to marry in the hope of finding a better life. Amnesty International says her husband was abusive and had refused to grant her a divorce, and that her complaints were ignored by police. She was arrested for the killing of her husband at the age of 17. Her supporters, including Amnesty, say she was tortured to confess to the killing of her husband, beaten by police and did not receive a fair trial. The UNODC report suggests women who kill intimate partners have often experienced "extended periods of suffering physical violence". Meanwhile, the motivations typically expressed by male perpetrators include "possessiveness, jealousy and fear of abandonment", the report says. This appears to be the case with another long-term couple who were found dead in Brazil on the same day that Zeinab was executed. Sandra Lucia Hammer Moura, 39, Brazil Sandra Lucia Hammer Moura married Augusto Aguiar Ribeiro at the age of 16. The couple had been separated for five months when she was killed by him. Police in Jardim Taquari confirmed to BBC Brasil that she was stabbed in the neck. They found a video of her husband confessing to the crime on his mobile phone. In it, he said that Sandra was already dating another man and he felt betrayed. He also said in the video that he would not be arrested as the couple would go to the "glory of the Lord" together. He then hanged himself in what had been their bedroom. Sandra's case highlights a form of killing known as a "murder-suicide" - when an individual kills one or more people before killing themselves. BBC Monitoring found 14 cases of women killed on 1 October this year in Latin America. Two were in El Salvador. Authorities in El Salvador have told the BBC that at least 300 women have been killed so far in 2018. Karla Turcios is one of them. Watch her story here. Marie-Amélie Vaillat, 36, France Marie-Amélie was stabbed to death by her husband, Sébastien Vaillat. The couple had separated after four years of marriage. He attacked her with a knife before confessing to the police. A few days later, he killed himself in prison. Outside the door of Marie-Amélie Vaillat's lingerie shop on Rue Bichat, residents left a sea of flowers and organised a march in her memory. The killing of Marie-Amélie came on the same day that the French government announced new plans to tackle domestic abuse. What does it take for a woman's killing to be reported? To collect these stories, BBC Monitoring's international network of journalists and researchers analysed TV, radio, print, online and social media around the world, looking for reports of women killed, apparently for gender-related reasons, on 1 October 2018. They found a total of 47 reports of women killed on that one day around the world. We have shared just some of those cases. There are many more where the motives were unclear, or the perpetrators unidentified. The new UNODC report suggests that a large share of violence against women is "widely underreported to authorities and that a large share of such violence is hidden". Rebecca Skippage, who led the project for BBC Monitoring, found that behind the numbers, "the way in which the media reported their lives and deaths revealed a huge amount about how women are viewed by different societies around the world". She explains: "We were looking for deaths within one day, but we searched for that day's stories for a month. We found that the time-lag in reporting, the tone of the coverage or the scarcity of information often told a wider tale about the status of women in that region." Maryam Azwer works for BBC Monitoring and drew much of the final data together. "This is as much about the deaths that aren't reported, as those that are," she says. "Those whose stories never reached the media, that went unreported, were unverified, or were not or could not be investigated. It makes you wonder: what does it take to make a woman's killing important enough to be reported?" Find out more about how BBC Monitoring carried out the research. Help and advice If you, or someone you know, have been affected by domestic abuse or violence, these organisations in the UK may be able to help. Outside the UK, there are other organisations which provide advice and protection for people at risk of violence or abuse. If you feel in danger, try to find out which local organisations can best advise and help you. All photographs subject to copyright Reporter: Krupa Padhy Producer: Georgina Pearce Research: BBC Monitoring Data journalism: Christine Jeavans and Clara Guibourg. Design: Zoe Bartholomew. Development: Alexander Ivanov What is 100 Women? BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year and shares their stories. It's been a momentous year for women's rights around the globe, so in 2018 BBC 100 Women will reflect the trailblazing women who are using passion, indignation and anger to spark real change in the world around them. Find us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and use #100Women

জাতিসংঘের এক গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে, সারা বিশ্বে প্রতিদিন গড়ে ১৩৭ জন নারী তাদের পুরুষ সঙ্গী বা পার্টনার অথবা পরিবারের সদস্যদের হাতে খুন হচ্ছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The historic moment, which happened at 23:00 GMT, was marked by both celebrations and anti-Brexit protests. Candlelit vigils were held in Scotland, which voted to stay in the EU, while Brexiteers partied in London's Parliament Square. Boris Johnson has vowed to bring the country together and "take us forward". In a message released on social media an hour before the UK's departure, the prime minister said: "For many people this is an astonishing moment of hope, a moment they thought would never come. "And there are many of course who feel a sense of anxiety and loss." He said some had worried the political "wrangle" would not end but it was his job to take the country forward. How did the UK mark the moment? Brexit parties were held in pubs and social clubs across the UK as the country counted down to its official departure. Thousands gathered in Parliament Square to celebrate Brexit, singing patriotic songs and cheering speeches from leading Brexiteers, including Nigel Farage. The Brexit Party leader said: "Let us celebrate tonight as we have never done before. "This is the greatest moment in the modern history of our great nation." Pro-EU demonstrators earlier staged a march in Whitehall to bid a "fond farewell" to the union - and anti-Brexit rallies and candlelit vigils were held in Scotland. Police in Whitehall arrested four men and also charged one man with criminal damage and being drunk and disorderly, while in Glasgow one man was arrested. Meanwhile, other symbolic moments on a day of mixed emotions included: In Northern Ireland, the campaign group Border Communities Against Brexit staged a series of protests in Armagh, near to the border with the Irish Republic. The Irish border - now the UK's land border with the EU - was a major sticking point in the Brexit divorce talks. NI and the Irish Republic "will continue to remain neighbours", said NI First Minister Arlene Foster on RTÉ on Friday. At 23:00 GMT, Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon tweeted a picture of the EU flag, adding: "Scotland will return to the heart of Europe as an independent country - #LeaveALightOnForScotland". Ms Sturgeon is calling for a new referendum on Scottish independence, arguing that Brexit is a "material change in circumstances". Speaking in Cardiff, Welsh First Minister Mark Drakeford said Wales, which voted to leave the EU, remained a "European nation". Labour MP Hilary Benn, who chairs the Brexit select committee and backed Remain, said he was "sad last night... but we have to accept it". He told BBC Radio 4's Today programme the UK was always a "reluctant" EU nation, adding: "We joined late and we left early." What now? It's happened. A dreary night didn't discourage those celebrating in Parliament Square. We wake this morning out of the European Union. But we follow their rules until the end of the year, without a say. We are separate after more than 40 years, but remember much of the status quo will hold for now - the UK and the EU, the awkward couple, finally divorced - but still sharing a house and the bills. But what the prime minister hails as a new era, a bright new dawn, starts months of hard bargaining with our neighbours across the Channel. The UK's requests: a free trade agreement, cooperation on security, and new arrangements for fishing are just some of the vital arguments that lie ahead. Read more from Laura here. What happens now? UK citizens will notice few immediate changes now that the country is no longer in the European Union. Most EU laws will continue to be in force - including the free movement of people - until 31 December, when the transition period comes to an end. The UK is aiming to sign a permanent free trade agreement with the EU, along the lines of the one the EU has with Canada. But European leaders have warned that the UK faces a tough battle to get a deal by that deadline. Former Brexit Secretary David Davis said agreeing a trade deal was "not a charitable exercise, this is an exercise of both sides recognising their own best interests". "From today, we are their [the EU's] biggest export market," he told the Today programme. What's the reaction in Europe? In an open letter to the British people, French President Emmanuel Macron said he was "deeply sad" but: "The channel has never managed to separate our destinies; Brexit will not do so, either." He also defended the way France acted in the negotiations, saying neither the French nor anyone else in the EU was "driven by a desire for revenge or punishment". Meanwhile, the European Parliament's Brexit co-ordinator Guy Verhofstadt said he would "look after your star and work to ensure the EU is a project you'll want to be a part of again soon". European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen has said Britain and Brussels will fight for their interests in trade talks. She paid tribute to UK citizens who had "contributed to the European Union and made it stronger" and said the UK's final day in the EU was "emotional". Whilst never the most enthusiastic member, the UK was part of the European project for almost half a century. On a personal level, EU leaders tell me they'll miss having the British sense of humour and no-nonsense attitude at their table. If they were to be brutally honest they'd have admitted they'll mourn the loss of our not-insignificant contribution to the EU budget too. But now we've left the "European family" (as Brussels insiders sometimes like to call the EU) and as trade talks begin, how long will it take for warm words to turn into gritted teeth? Read more from Katya here. European Council President Charles Michel warned: "The more the UK will diverge from the EU standards, the less access to the single market it will have." Mairead McGuinness, the vice president of the European Parliament, said she fears progress to agree a trade deal - which Mr Johnson hopes to secure by December 2020 - "might be left to the very last minute". "Normally in trade negotiations we're trying to come together," she said. "For the first time we're going try and negotiate a trade agreement where somebody wants to pull away from us. I can't get my head around that and I think it's going to be quite complicated." What about the US? US secretary of state Mike Pompeo said he was "pleased" the UK and EU had agreed a Brexit deal and the US would continue to build its "strong, productive, and prosperous relationship with the UK". Washington's ambassador to the UK, Woody Johnson, said Brexit had been "long supported" by President Donald Trump. How did we get here? Britain joined what was then European Economic Community on 1 January, 1973, at the third attempt. Two years later the country voted by an overwhelming majority to remain in the bloc in the first nationwide referendum. Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron held another referendum in June 2016, amid growing pressure from his own MPs and Nigel Farage's UK Independence Party. Mr Cameron led the campaign to stay in the EU but lost by the narrow margin of 52% to 48% to the Leave campaign, fronted by fellow Conservative Boris Johnson. Mr Cameron's successor as prime minister, Theresa May, repeatedly failed to get her version of an EU withdrawal agreement passed by Parliament and was replaced by Mr Johnson, who also failed to get his plans through. Mr Johnson managed to secure an early general election in December last year, which he won with an 80-seat majority on a promise to "get Brexit done". The PM's EU withdrawal deal was approved by MPs just before Christmas, and the bill became law earlier this year.

গণভোটে সমর্থনের তিন বছরেরও বেশি সময় পর আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়নের ৪৭ বছরের সদস্যপদ ছাড়লো যুক্তরাজ্য।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The deal will see the number of US troops in Poland rise to about 5,500. Polish Defence Minister Mariusz Blaszczak said the number could quickly be increased to 20,000 if a threat justified it. US President Donald Trump has previously accused Germany of not contributing enough to Nato. But the US move has raised concern among Nato allies worried over possible Russian expansionism. The Enhanced Defence Co-operation Agreement (EDCA) was signed by Mr Pompeo and Mr Blaszczak in Warsaw on Saturday. "This is going to be an extended guarantee - a guarantee that in case of a threat our soldiers are going to stand arm-in-arm," Poland's President Andrzej Duda said at the signing ceremony. "It will also serve to increase the security of other countries in our part of Europe." About 4,500 US troops are currently stationed in Poland and another 1,000 will be added under the new pact. The headquarters of the US Army V Corps will also be relocated from Germany to Poland. Last month the US confirmed that almost 12,000 troops - out of more than 38,000 - would be withdrawn from Germany in what it described as a "strategic" repositioning of its forces in Europe. About 6,400 troops are being sent home with the rest moved to other Nato countries including Poland, Italy and Belgium. President Trump said the move was a response to Germany failing to meet Nato targets on defence spending. 'Muscular' Poland is Trump's kind of ally Billed by its advocates as a means to better defend Nato and strengthen deterrence against Moscow, this new military agreement could be as much about politics as it is about strategy. The US already contributes to and commands a small multi-national Nato battlegroup in Poland, with regular exercises drawing in additional forces. A land-based ballistic missile defence system is under construction. But since 2018 in particular, Polish politicians have been pushing for much more, at one stage arguing that a full US division should be permanently based in the country with Warsaw shouldering at least some of the cost; a plan dubbed by some as "Fort Trump". The new agreement falls well short of this. But it sends a clear signal about Mr Trump's preferences. Muscular Poland, with relatively strong defence spending, is the sort of ally the president likes. By contrast he has already announced the pull-out of some US forces from Germany, which he believes does not carry its share of the defence burden. It is not clear that the shifting around of forces will necessarily strengthen Nato at a time when many of its key problems seem to relate to internal cohesion. "We don't want to be the suckers any more," Mr Trump told reporters shortly after the move was announced. "We're reducing the force because they're not paying their bills; it's very simple." Mr Trump has long complained that European Nato members should spend more on their own defence and not rely so heavily on the US to shoulder the costs of maintaining the alliance. The row between the allies focuses around the target agreed by all Nato members that defence spending should reach 2% of GDP (gross domestic product, the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country) by 2024. Germany, along with other countries, has yet to meet this target. German officials have criticised the US move, suggesting it could weaken Nato and embolden Russia.

মার্কিন পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী মাইক পম্পেও শনিবার ওয়ারসতে পোলিশ সরকারের সাথে একটি প্রতিরক্ষা চুক্তি সই করেছেন যার আওতায় জার্মানিতে মার্কিন ঘাঁটি থেকে আপাতত এক হাজার সৈন্য পোল্যান্ডে মোতায়েন করা হবে। ফলে পূর্ব ইউরোপের এই দেশে মার্কিন সৈন্য সংখ্যা দাঁড়াবে ৫,৫০০।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

In his annual State of the Union address to the European Parliament, Jean-Claude Juncker said an hour was a "decisive time window". Net firms had been given three months in March to show they were acting faster to take down radical posts. But EU regulators said too little was being done. If authorities flag content that incites and advocates extremism, the content must be removed from the web within an hour, the proposal from the EU's lead civil servant states. Net firms that fail to comply would face fines of up to 4% of their annual global turnover. The proposal will need backing from the countries that make up the European Union as well as the European Parliament. In response to the plans, Facebook said: "There is no place for terrorism on Facebook, and we share the goal of the European Commission to fight it, and believe that it is only through a common effort across companies, civil society and institutions that results can be achieved. "We've made significant strides finding and removing terrorist propaganda quickly and at scale, but we know we can do more." A spokesperson for YouTube added that the site "shared the European Commission's desire to react rapidly to terrorist content and keep violent extremism off our platforms." "That's why we've invested heavily in people, technology and collaboration with other tech companies on these efforts." Internet platforms will be required to develop new methods to police content but it is unclear what form those would take. "We need strong and targeted tools to win this online battle," said Justice Commissioner Vera Jourova. While firms such as Google are increasingly relying on machine learning to root out issues, they also need a lot of human moderators to spot extremist content. The Commission will retain its voluntary code of conduct on hate speech, agreed with Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter and YouTube in 2016. What is the scale of the problem and what is being done?

গুগল, ফেসবুক এবং টুইটারকে এখন হতে যে কোন চরমপন্থী পোস্ট এক ঘন্টার মধ্যে তুলে নিতে হবে, নইলে তাদের বিরাট অংকের জরিমানা করা হবে। ইউরোপীয় কমিশনের প্রেসিডেন্ট নতুন এক প্রস্তাবে এই হুমকি দিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The Ali G star singled out the social media company in a speech in New York. He also criticised Google, Twitter and YouTube for pushing "absurdities to billions of people". Social media giants and internet companies are under growing pressure to curb the spread of misinformation around political campaigns. Twitter announced in late October that it would ban all political advertising globally from 22 November. Earlier this week Google said it would not allow political advertisers to target voters using "microtargeting" based on browsing data or other factors. Analysts say Facebook has come under increasing pressure to follow suit. The company said in a statement that Baron Cohen had misrepresented its policies and that hate speech was banned on its platforms. "We ban people who advocate for violence and we remove anyone who praises or supports it. Nobody - including politicians - can advocate or advertise hate, violence or mass murder on Facebook," it added. What did Baron Cohen say? Addressing the Anti-Defamation League's Never is Now summit, Baron Cohen took aim at Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg who in October defended his company's position not to ban political adverts that contain falsehoods. "If you pay them, Facebook will run any 'political' ad you want, even if it's a lie. And they'll even help you micro-target those lies to their users for maximum effect," he said. "Under this twisted logic, if Facebook were around in the 1930s, it would have allowed Hitler to post 30-second ads on his 'solution' to the 'Jewish problem'." Baron Cohen said it was time "for a fundamental rethink of social media and how it spreads hate, conspiracies and lies". He also questioned Mr Zuckerberg's characterisation of Facebook as a bastion of "free expression". "I think we could all agree that we should not be giving bigots and paedophiles a free platform to amplify their views and target their victims," he added. Earlier this month, an international group of lawmakers called for targeted political adverts on social media to be suspended until they are properly regulated. The International Committee on Disinformation and Fake News was told that the business model adopted by social networks made "manipulation profitable". A BBC investigation into political ads for next month's UK election suggested they were being targeted towards key constituencies and certain age groups.

ব্রিটিশ কমেডিয়ান সাশা ব্যারন কোহেন বলেছেন, ১৯৩০'এর দশকে যদি ফেসবুক থাকতো তাহলে তারা হিটলারকে তার ইহুদি বিদ্বেষী ধ্যান ধারণা প্রচারের একটি প্ল্যাটফর্ম তৈরি করে দিতো।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Esther Akello Ogola Women's Affairs journalist, BBC Africa, Nairobi On a warm evening in a suburb of the Kenyan capital, a residential outdoor space has been hired out to be used as a dance floor. Music is playing loudly and women are dancing. "You have to be so strict in a place with men. You just want to go out with your friends and men interfere," says Jane, 26, who's come to the party with her best friend Shani. "So having a space where it's all women immediately feels safe and you feel you are with people who understand you." Security is tight and while a few men are let in, it is only to drop off the women they are accompanying. After that, the men all have to leave immediately. And it's not just the partygoers who adhere to the single-sex policy: the bar tenders, security officers, DJs, sound mixers, MCs and ushers are also all women. Unpleasant experiences when out with friends in mixed clubs is part of the reason the two welcomed the idea of an all-women's rave. 'A difficult year for Kenyan women' "When I learnt that it is a safe space for women I immediately signed up," says Shani. Shani and Jane enjoy clubbing and heard about the all-women's dance party on Twitter. The night, called Strictly Silk, was conceived by Njoki Ngumi, Njeri Gitungo and Akati Khasiani, all members of The Nest Collective, a Kenyan multi-disciplinary arts collective that also works across film, music, fashion and other arts. They started the all-women's dance parties in 2018 but the inspiration behind it was more than simply a night of fun. "2018 was a difficult year for a lot of Kenyan women. There were a lot of stories about violence and people were becoming bolder about misogyny online and offline," says Ms Ngumi. "There were a lot of stories around sexual harassment. We just wanted to curate this energy in celebration of women in spaces that are not usually welcome for women and especially things to do with nightlife," she adds. Kenya has been in the spotlight recently with some well publicised cases of rape and alarming cases femicide. In 2018, international charity Plan International ranked Nairobi sixth among 22 global cities where women were most likely to be sexually harassed. The interviewed experts said Kenyan women stood a 50% chance of being sexually harassed in public spaces. And in May 2019 the Federation of Women Lawyers Kenya (Fida Kenya), raised the alarm, saying they had recorded over 50 femicide cases in the first five months of the year. Not only for lesbians Munira, 22 and Khadija, 25 are best friends. As practising Muslims, they often find themselves with minimal options when it comes to night life. They say that, although women from all faiths attend the all-women parties, they particularly suit Muslims. "Some of us have to remove our hijabs to blend in when we are out dancing. When they see you with a hijab, people are surprised and wonder what you are doing there. "A space like this is also better because we are forbidden from freely mingling with men," Khadija says. "It's difficult because there are simply no exclusive all-women clubs," adds Munira. Although all-women dance parties may seem like a novel concept, the idea of exclusive safe spaces for women is not new. Ms Ngumi asserts that Indian, arab cultures and even some religions like Islam, have long had exclusive spaces for women, although these spaces were mediated by patriarchal or religious systems. There is however a belief among some people that an all-women rave is simply code for a gay party, something Ms Ngumi dispels: "We are deliberately queer-affirming and queer-celebrating but people would imagine that this is an exclusive queer event. There are events that are exclusively queer but this is not that kind of party. We welcome all people, including non-binary people." It's an assurance that those in the LGBT community, who face intimidation and even violence in public in Kenya, have openly embraced. Gay sex is illegal in Kenya and punishable by up to 14 years in prison. In May 2019, Kenya's High Court upheld the law criminalising gay sex after campaigners had challenged it. "Unbeknown to a lot of people, there is a large lesbian community in Nairobi and sometimes we want to be in a space with just women and being in a place where people are of like mind, is safer," says 22-year-old Ann Marie, who is bisexual. Binti, 23, who also identifies as queer, adds that having an all-women rave without judgment has been the highlight of her year so far. Ms Ngumi hopes to make the all-women dance parties not only regular in Kenya but across Africa. "This is a worldwide issue. There are conversations around the toxicity of club culture and nightlife particularly towards women, gender identity and orientation," she says. "As we shift towards mainstream club culture, we must have spaces that celebrate women both exclusively and in the mainstream." The names of some of the people in this article have been changed to protect their identity.

নাইরোবিতে শুধুমাত্র নারীদের জন্য নাচের পার্টির আয়োজনে কাজ করে যাচ্ছে একটি দল। তাদের দাবি এ ধরণের পার্টি নারীদের জন্য রাতের বেলায় একটি নিরাপদ উৎসবের পরিবেশ তৈরি করতে পারবে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The mass tractor rally coincided with India's Republic Day and was agreed with the authorities - but a number of protesters diverted from the set route and clashed with police who used batons and tear gas to try to to hold them back. The original route was around the outskirts of Delhi, away from the planned Republic Day parade in the city centre. Farmers were showered with petals as they marched. But as some left the agreed route farmers used their tractors to remove barricades. Police used tear gas to try to control the rally. Tens of thousands of farmers from the northern states of Punjab and Haryana marched on Delhi in late November and began sit-ins at the city limits, many of which still continue. The new laws aim to open up agriculture to the free market but some farmers have claimed they will make them vulnerable to private companies and threaten their livelihoods. More than half of Indians work on farms. Last week the farmers rejected a government offer to put the laws on hold - they said they want the laws fully repealed. Some of the protesters made their way to the historic Red Fort in the heart of the city centre. They flooded into the complex in their thousands, to press home their demands. Some even hoisted flags at the top of the dome on the Red Fort before police cleared the area. All images copyright.

ভারতে সদ্য পাস হওয়া বিতর্কিত তিনটি কৃষি বিলের বিরুদ্ধে দেশব্যাপী কৃষক বিক্ষোভের আঁচ আজ এসে পৌঁছেছে রাজধানী দিল্লিতেও।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

A probe by the news agency indicates that the network is still being used to encourage violence against the Muslim group in Myanmar despite the tech firm promising to tackle the issue. It said some of the material had been online for six years. Facebook's rules prohibit "violent or dehumanising" attacks on ethnic groups. However, the US-based firm mostly relies on users to flag related offending posts rather than hunting them out itself, in part because its software has not had enough training to reliably interpret Burmese text. The BBC understands Facebook has now removed all the flagged material. It has also published a blog detailing how it plans to address the issue. The investigation was carried out in conjunction with the Human Rights Center at the University of California's Berkeley School of Law. It is likely to add to pressure on the tech company to invest more resources into tackling the problem. Its efforts have previously been criticised by the United Nations as well as politicians in the US and UK. About 700,000 Rohingya Muslims have left Myanmar since 2017, many of whom now live in refugee camps in Bangladesh. They have reported that Burmese soldiers and vigilantes had murdered and raped members of their community and burned their homes. Myanmar's military says it is fighting Rohingya militants and denies targeting civilians in Rakhine state. Genocide posts Reuters said that most of the anti-Rohingya comments, images and videos it had discovered were in the Burmese language. It said they included: In a statement, Facebook acknowledged that it had originally been slow to spot the problem of hate speech spreading "in countries like Myanmar, where many people are using the internet for the first time". "We're now working hard to ensure we're doing all we can to prevent the spread of misinformation and hate," it added. "In the last year, we have established a team of product, policy and operations experts to roll out better reporting tools, a new policy to tackle misinformation that has the potential to contribute to offline harm, faster response times on reported content, and improved proactive detection of hate speech." Reuters reported that Facebook had outsourced most of its Myanmar-related effort to an outside firm - Accenture - which in turn relied on 60 people to review reports of hate speech from the country, as of June. In response, Facebook said it would have "at least 100" Myanmar language experts by the end of 2018. "Engineers across the company are building artificial intelligence tools that help us identify abusive posts and experts from our policy and partnerships teams are working with civil society and building digital literacy programs for people in Myanmar," it added. About 50 million people live in Myanmar, of whom about 18 million regularly use the social network. 'Terrible tragedy' In March, UN investigators said that the use of Facebook had played a "determining role" in stirring up hatred against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. The following month, Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg was questioned by US senators about the social network's involvement in related attacks on the ethnic minority. At the time, he acknowledged that his firm needed to do more, describing what was happening in the country as "a terrible tragedy". He listed three specific things Facebook was doing: When the UK's Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) conducted its own inquiry into fake news, it was not impressed with the answers from Facebook's chief technology officer Mike Schroepfer about efforts to tackle hate speech in Myanmar. He was unable to say how many fake accounts had been identified and removed in the country or how much money the firm had made there. In its report, the committee said that the social network had failed to demonstrate "that it has done anything to stop the spread of disinformation against the Rohingya minority".

রোহিঙ্গা-বিদ্বেষী এক হাজারের বেশি পোস্ট ফেসবুকে ঘোরাফেরা করেছে গত সপ্তাহে যেখানে তাদের হত্যা করার আহবানসহ ঘৃণাত্মক নানারকম কথাবার্তা দেখা গেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

In his first primetime address as president, Mr Biden said he would order states to make all adults eligible for vaccinations by 1 May. Current measures prioritise people by age or health condition. Mr Biden was speaking exactly a year to the day after the outbreak was classified a global pandemic. Half a million Americans have since died - more than the death toll from World War One, World War Two, and the Vietnam War combined. Schools have been closed, businesses shuttered and people kept apart. Last year many Americans were forced to forgo the elaborate parades, fireworks displays and parties that feature in the national holiday on 4 July, which marks independence from Britain. In his speech, President Biden said he did not expect large events to be able to go ahead, but he hoped small groups could meet again. "If we do this together, by 4 July, there is a good chance you, your family and friends can get together in your backyard or in your neighbourhood and have a cookout or a barbecue and celebrate Independence Day," he said. "After a long, hard year, that will make this Independence Day truly special - where we not only mark our independence as a nation but we begin to mark our independence from this virus." The US has by far the highest death toll in the world from the virus, but death and infection rates have been declining in recent weeks as the vaccine programme picks up. The country's health system is complex and individual states are in charge of public health policy. While the federal government is responsible for getting the vaccine distributed to the states, it has largely relied on them to handle the distribution. But as part of the plans to expand vaccinations, President Biden said the number of places where people could be immunised would be increased, with veterinarians and dentists among those also allowed to vaccinate people. Mobile units will travel into local communities to provide vaccinations in underserved communities, he said. Mr Biden previously set a target of 100 million vaccinations by his 100th day in office. But in his address on Thursday, he said this target would be reached on day 60, which is 20 March. He was speaking shortly after signing a $1.9tn (£1.4tn) economic relief bill, which marks an early legislative victory for his administration. It includes a $1,400 direct payment to most Americans, along with other measures to help people out of poverty and provide additional funding to local and state governments. Despite the good news on vaccinations, Mr Biden warned that the "fight is far from over". He called on people to maintain social distancing measures, hand washing and wear a mask. "Beating the virus and getting back to normal relies on national unity," he said. Mr Biden said last month he hoped that life would return to "normal" by Christmas 2021. Dr Anthony Fauci, the top US infectious diseases expert, described this timetable as "reasonable". The president's caution is at odds with some states such as Texas and Mississippi, which are relaxing restrictions in order to boost their economies. One year ago, the United States joined the world in facing a brutal truth. The coronavirus pandemic was going to fundamentally alter everyday life. Businesses shuttered. Citizens sheltered in their home. Life ground to a halt. On Thursday night, in his first prime-time televised address to the nation, President Joe Biden said there was light at the end of the tunnel. The big news from his speech was that all adult Americans would be eligible for a vaccine by the beginning of May - a pace, he boasted, that was the best in the world. His most important message, however, may have been his urging that all Americans should get the jab when it's their turn. "I know they're safe," he said. A recent opinion poll showed that nearly half of Republicans are sceptical of the vaccine. If their doubt becomes inaction, Mr Biden's promises - widespread school openings, an ability to travel and Independence Day celebrations - will go unrealised. His speech was part promise, part warning. Get vaccinated, continue social distancing, wear masks - or else. "America is coming back," he said. But, he added, Americans needed to do their part. This time last year, there were 1,000 confirmed cases of Covid-19 in the US and about 30 people had died. All US major sport was cancelled and then-President Donald Trump suspended travel from Europe, saying he hoped the US would be open again for Easter 2020. This prediction was repeatedly revised. The pandemic has now left more than 530,000 people dead in the US and has infected more than 29 million. In his speech, President Biden criticised the Trump administration by saying the virus was initially met with "denials for days, weeks, then months, that led to more deaths, more infections, more stress, more loneliness". He also denounced "vicious hate crimes" against Asian Americans, who he said had been "attacked, harassed, blamed and scapegoated" for the pandemic. Mr Trump repeatedly referred to coronavirus as the "China virus".

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট জো বাইডেন বলেছেন, করোনাভাইরাসের টিকা দেয়া হলে আগামী ৪ঠা জুলাই আমেরিকার মানুষ ছোট আকারে মিলিত হবার সুযোগ তৈরি হওয়ার একটি 'ভালো সম্ভাবনা' আছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

A buyer paid 586,000 baht ($19,000; £14,500) for the Honda CR-V car, which was put up for auction this month after being seized in a drugs case last year. But when it was sent to a garage for alterations, a mechanic discovered 94,000 pills stashed in its bumper. Officials said they would conduct more thorough searches in future. "According to protocols, we search every vehicle we have received and this case was no exception. However, we couldn't find anything at the time, perhaps because the pills had been well hidden," said Niyom Termsrisuk, secretary general of the Office of the Narcotics Control Board (ONCB), according to the Bangkok Post. Mr Termsrisuk said the yaba pills - a mixture of methamphetamine and caffeine - were discovered in boxes hidden in a secret compartment behind the vehicle's bumper. When the car was seized in the northern province of Chiang Rai last year, 100,000 such pills were found on its back seat. Mr Termsrisuk said the additional pills would be added to the case, and that the mechanic and new owner would be rewarded for their cooperation. Yaba, which means "crazy medicine" in Thai, is typically smuggled into Thailand from Myanmar and sold as cheap red or pink pills. Authorities in Thailand seized 516 million meth tablets in 2018. You might also be interested in:

থাইল্যান্ডের মাদক বিরোধী কর্তৃপক্ষ ভুল করে মাদক ভর্তি ট্রাক নিলামে বিক্রি করে দেয়ার ঘটনায় ক্ষমা চেয়েছে।ট্রাকটিতে লাখ খানেক অ্যামফেটামিন ট্যাবলেট লুকানো ছিল বলে জানা যায়।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Only a very limited number of people currently living in the kingdom may take part, an announcement on state media says. An estimated two million people would otherwise have visited Mecca and Medina this summer for the annual gathering. There had been fears the Hajj might be cancelled altogether. In normal times the pilgrimage is one of the most significant moments in the Muslim religious calendar. But only citizens from countries around the world who are already resident in Saudi Arabia will be allowed to attend this year. The authorities say this is the only way they will be able to make plans for social distancing that will keep people safe. Saudi Arabia has recorded 161,005 cases of infection and 1,307 deaths. It only lifted a nationwide lockdown at the weekend. What is the Hajj? Making the pilgrimage at least once is one of the Five Pillars of Islam - the five obligations that every Muslim, who is in good health and can afford it, must satisfy in order to live a good and responsible life, according to Islam. Pilgrims gather in Mecca to stand before the structure known as the Kaaba, praising Allah (God) together. They perform other acts of worship too, renewing their sense of purpose in the world.

করোনাভাইরাস ছড়িয়ে পরা প্রতিরোধ করতে সতর্কতা হিসেবে বিদেশীদের জন্য ওমরাহ করার সুবিধা স্থগিত করেছে সৌদি আরব।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Mr Trudeau spoke in Edmonton, Alberta at a vigil for the 57 Canadians killed in the disaster. The PM promised to pursue answers from Iran, which admitted its military shot down the plane in error, killing all 176 people on board. Iran had previously rejected suggestions that it was to blame. "This tragedy should have never occurred, and I want to assure you that you have my full support during this extraordinarily difficult time ... you give us purpose to pursue justice and accountability for you," said Mr Trudeau, addressing a crowd of 2,300 people in a university gym. "We will not rest until there are answers." Mr Trudeau attended the memorial on Sunday, as a second day of anti-government protests against Iran's leaders erupted. Iran's belated admission that it "unintentionally" hit the Boeing plane with missiles has caused outrage at home and abroad. At protests in Tehran and other cities, there were chants against the leadership and reports of clashes with security forces, which fired tear gas. The plane, en route to the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, was shot down near Tehran last Wednesday, shortly after Iran had launched missiles at two airbases housing US forces in Iraq. Those strikes were a response to the US killing of senior Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani in a drone strike in Baghdad on 3 January. Dozens of Iranians and Canadians, as well as nationals from Ukraine, the UK, Afghanistan and Sweden died on the plane. Iran has invited Canada, Ukraine and Boeing to take part in an investigation into the disaster. Those responsible, Iran says, will be held accountable and prosecuted. At the scene: Canada mourns BBC's Jessica Murphy, Edmonton, Alberta Pedram Mousavi and Mojgan Daneshmand gazed out from the photograph projected on the screen with wide smiles, looking like they had been caught laughing at a shared joke. The "sweet couple" likely were. Along with their two daughters, Daria, 14, and Dorina, 9, they were remembered for their quickness to laughter, their generosity, their full embrace of life. The family of four were among the 13 victims of flight PS752 who came from the Canadian city of Edmonton. A crowd of some 2,300 people packed into a university gym on Sunday to pay respects to those lost - family, close friends, colleagues, classmates - whose deaths have left a hole in so many lives. Prime Minister Trudeau told the crowd that in their sorrow "your entire country stands with you". A friend of Pedram's, through a letter read by his former student Hossein Saghlatoon, said the loss was "too much to bear". He was looking forward to many more memorable moments with Pedram and his family, he wrote, "but alas, the cruel hand of destiny had some other plans". What happened at Sunday's protests in Tehran? After a wave of anti-government protests on Saturday, demonstrators returned to the streets despite a large deployment of security forces. Riot police, members of the elite Revolutionary Guard on motorbikes, and plainclothes security officials were out in force. In one apparently symbolic act rejecting state propaganda, video showed students taking care not to walk over US and Israeli flags painted on the ground at Shahid Beheshti university in Tehran. In some social media clips, protesters can be heard chanting anti-government slogans, including: "They are lying that our enemy is America, our enemy is right here." Many of the protesters are women. What has the international reaction been? US President Donald Trump on Sunday repeated warnings that Iran should not target anti-government protesters, saying, "the World is watching. More importantly, the USA is watching". In a later tweet, Mr Trump said he "couldn't care less" if Iran wants to negotiate, adding it will be "totally up to them but, no nuclear weapons". Britain, meanwhile, has condemned the arrest of the UK ambassador to Iran in Tehran as a "flagrant violation of international law". Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab said Rob Macaire was detained on Saturday after attending a vigil where he was paying respects to victims of the crash, some of whom were British. Mr Macaire said he left the vigil when some people started chanting and had played no part in the demonstration. Iran on Sunday summoned the ambassador to complain about "his unconventional behaviour of attending an illegal rally", the foreign ministry website said. Iranian protesters set a UK flag alight in front of the UK embassy on Sunday. How did the Iranian admission unfold? For three days, Iran denied reports its missiles had brought down the plane, with one spokesman accusing Western nations of "lying and engaging in psychological warfare". But on Saturday morning, a statement read on state TV accepted the plane had been shot down. Brig-Gen Amir Ali Hajizadeh, the Revolutionary Guards' aerospace commander, said a missile operator had acted independently and alone, mistaking the plane for a "cruise missile". He also said he had informed the authorities about what had happened on Wednesday, raising questions about why Iran had denied involvement for so long. Both Ukrainian President Volodomyr Zelensky and Justin Trudeau have demanded accountability from Iran. Mr Trudeau said on Saturday there must be a full investigation with "full clarity on how such a horrific tragedy could have occurred".

কানাডার প্রধানমন্ত্রী জাস্টিন ট্রুডো বলেছেন, ইরানের হামলায় ভূপাতিত ইউক্রেনের বিমানে থাকা নিহত যাত্রীদের জন্য 'ন্যায়বিচার' চাইবেন তিনি।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The temple in Kerala barred women of a "menstruating age" - defined as between the ages of 10 and 50 - from entering. Menstruating women are not allowed to participate in religious rituals or enter temples, as they are considered "unclean" in Hinduism. The ruling came after a petition argued the custom violated gender equality. While most Hindu temples allow women to enter as long as they are not menstruating, the Sabarimala temple is unusual in that it is one of a few temples that does not allow women in the broad age group to enter at all. Millions of devotees visit Sabarimala every year. In the judgment Chief Justice Dipak Misra said that "religion is for one dignity and identity", adding that "the right to practise religion is available to both men and women". The impending retirement of Justice Misra has seen a flurry of historic liberal rulings from the court in recent days, including the striking down of colonial-era laws that criminalised adultery and gay sex. Justice Misra, who will retire on Tuesday, was heading a five-judge bench which gave a 4-1 verdict. The BBC's Soutik Biswas says such a stream of judgements leading up to a judge's retirement in the top court is not unusual. "But what it also underlines is that the 25 judges of the court are some of the most overworked in the world - one study found that a single Supreme Court judge, during his tenure over four to six years, hears some 6,000 cases alone," our correspondent adds. Indu Malhotra, the only woman judge on the bench, dissented with the majority verdict. "Issues of deep religious sentiments should not be ordinarily interfered by the court... Notions of rationality cannot be invoked in matters of religion," she said in her dissenting opinion. 'God does not discriminate' Analysis by Geeta Pandey, BBC News For centuries, temples and shrines have cited tradition to keep women out and their managements, dominated mostly by patriarchal men, have used menstruation to keep female devotees away. But in recent years, they have faced an unprecedented challenge from women's groups. Friday's order, which accepts womens' right to worship at Sabarimala, is expected to help remove some of the stigma associated with periods. The order has not come as a surprise - Chief Justice Dipak Misra had previously questioned the validity of the practice, saying that since God does not discriminate between genders, who are we to do that? Also, in the past two years, courts have unlocked the gates of Shani Shingnapur temple and Haji Ali mosque for women. Three years ago, the Sabarimala temple chief said he would allow women to enter the shrine only after a scanner was invented to detect if they were "pure"- meaning they weren't menstruating. Today, the judges have told him that we won't be needing that scanner anymore. The state government of Kerala had opposed the entry of women when the case was first taken up in 2016. However it changed its stance in a recent hearing to support the petitioners instead. At a hearing in July, petitioners argued that this custom violated equality guaranteed under India's constitution. They added that it was prejudiced against women and their right to worship. But supporters of the ban argued that the practice had been in effect for centuries, and there was no need to change it now. The campaign to repeal the ban on women entering the temple gathered momentum in 2016 after a protest by female students. One of the protesters also started a #HappyToBleed campaign on Facebook against "sexist attitudes", which received support from different parts of the country. Nikita Azad, who started the campaign, told the BBC this is a historic judgement. "It will have a large impact since the Supreme Court has destigmatised menstruation and upheld equality over religion," she said. This is the third religious site in India where women have gained the right to enter through judicial intervention. Courts directed authorities of the Hindu temple Shani Shingapur and the Muslim Haji Ali shrine, both in the western state of Maharashtra, to allow women inside. What is the significance of the Sabarimala temple? Sabarimala is one of the most prominent Hindu temples in the country. Millions of devotees from all over the world visit the temple to seek blessings. To enter the temple, pilgrims have to climb 18 holy steps. According to the temple's website, the act of crossing these 18 steps is so sacred that no pilgrim can climb them without undertaking a rigorous 41-day fast. Devotees are also supposed to follow specific rituals before they enter the shrine. Some of them include pilgrims wearing only black or blue and not being allowed to shave until the completion of their pilgrimage. As part of the ritual, they also smear sandalwood paste on their foreheads.

ভারতের কেরালা রাজ্যে প্রায় আটশো বছরের প্রাচীন সবরিমালা মন্দিরে ১০ থেকে ৫০ বছর বয়সী নারীদের প্রবেশাধিকার দিয়েছে ভারতের সুপ্রীম কোর্ট। প্রাচীন বিশ্বাস যে ওই বয়সের নারীরা ঋতুযোগ্যা, অন্যদিকে মন্দিরটির পূজ্য দেবতা আয়াপ্পা একজন ব্রহ্মচারী, ফলে চিরকুমার এই দেবতার কাছাকাছি ঋতুযোগ্যা নারীরা গেলে তিনি রুষ্ট হতে পারেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Virginia Harrison & Daniele Palumbo BBC News As the country celebrates the anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, we look back on how its transformation spread unprecedented wealth - and deepened inequality - across the Asian giant. "When the Communist Party came into control of China it was very, very poor," says DBS chief China economist Chris Leung. "There were no trading partners, no diplomatic relationships, they were relying on self-sufficiency." Over the past 40 years, China has introduced a series of landmark market reforms to open up trade routes and investment flows, ultimately pulling hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. The 1950s had seen one of the biggest human disasters of the 20th Century. The Great Leap Forward was Mao Zedong's attempt to rapidly industrialise China's peasant economy, but it failed and 10-40 million people died between 1959-1961 - the most costly famine in human history. This was followed by the economic disruption of the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, a campaign which Mao launched to rid the Communist party of his rivals, but which ended up destroying much of the country's social fabric. 'Workshop of the world' Yet after Mao's death in 1976, reforms spearheaded by Deng Xiaoping began to reshape the economy. Peasants were granted rights to farm their own plots, improving living standards and easing food shortages. The door was opened to foreign investment as the US and China re-established diplomatic ties in 1979. Eager to take advantage of cheap labour and low rent costs, money poured in. "From the end of the 1970s onwards we've seen what is easily the most impressive economic miracle of any economy in history," says David Mann, global chief economist at Standard Chartered Bank. Through the 1990s, China began to clock rapid growth rates and joining the World Trade Organization in 2001 gave it another jolt. Trade barriers and tariffs with other countries were lowered and soon Chinese goods were everywhere. "It became the workshop of the world," Mr Mann says. Take these figures from the London School of Economics: in 1978, exports were $10bn (£8.1bn), less than 1% of world trade. By 1985, they hit $25bn and a little under two decades later exports valued $4.3trn, making China the world's largest trading nation in goods. Poverty rates tumble The economic reforms improved the fortunes of hundreds of millions of Chinese people. The World Bank says more than 850 million people been lifted out of poverty, and the country is on track to eliminate absolute poverty by 2020. At the same time, education rates have surged. Standard Chartered projects that by 2030, around 27% of China's workforce will have a university education - that's about the same as Germany today. Rising inequality Still, the fruits of economic success haven't spread evenly across China's population of 1.3 billion people. Examples of extreme wealth and a rising middle class exist alongside poor rural communities, and a low skilled, ageing workforce. Inequality has deepened, largely along rural and urban divides. "The entire economy is not advanced, there's huge divergences between the different parts," Mr Mann says. The World Bank says China's income per person is still that of a developing country, and less than one quarter of the average of advanced economies. China's average annual income is nearly $10,000, according to DBS, compared to around $62,000 in the US. Slower growth Now, China is shifting to an era of slower growth. For years it has pushed to wean its dependence off exports and toward consumption-led growth. New challenges have emerged including softer global demand for its goods and a long-running trade war with the US. The pressures of demographic shifts and an ageing population also cloud the country's economic outlook. Still, even if the rate of growth in China eases to between 5% and 6%, the country will still be the most powerful engine of world economic growth. "At that pace China will still be 35% of global growth, which is the biggest single contributor of any country, three times more important to global growth than the US," Mr Mann says. The next economic frontier China is also carving out a new front in global economic development. The country's next chapter in nation-building is unfolding through a wave of funding in the massive global infrastructure project, the Belt and Road Initiative. The so-called new Silk Road aims to connect almost half the world's populations and one-fifth of global GDP, setting up trade and investment links that stretch across the world.

এক সময়কার খুবই দরিদ্র ও পশ্চাৎপদ দেশ চীন ৭০ বছরেরও কম সময়ের মধ্যে বিশ্বের অন্যতম বৃহৎ এক অর্থনৈতিক শক্তিতে পরিণত হয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

New recruit Constable Zeena Ali will become the first officer to wear the official hijab. A spokesperson said they aimed to create an "inclusive" service reflecting the country's "diverse community". Other forces such as the Metropolitan Police in London and Police Scotland offer the option of a uniform hijab. In the UK, the Metropolitan Police in London approved a uniform hijab in 2006 with Police Scotland following in 2016. In Australia, Maha Sukkar of Victoria Police wore a hijab in 2004. New Zealand Police said work to develop the hijab for its uniform began in late 2018 in response to a request from police staff who visited secondary schools. Constable Ali was the first recruit to request it as part of her uniform and was invited to take part in the development process. Constable Ali, who was born in Fiji and moved to New Zealand as a child, told the New Zealand Herald she decided to join the police after the Christchurch terror attack. "I realised more Muslim women were needed in the police, to go and support people," she told the national daily. "It feels great to be able to go out and show the New Zealand Police hijab as part of my uniform," she added. "I think that seeing it, more Muslim women will want to join as well."

নিউজিল্যান্ডের পুলিশের পোশাকে হিজাব অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা হয়েছে। উদ্দেশ্য আরও বেশি মুসলমান নারীকে পুলিশ বাহিনীতে যোগ দিতে উদ্বুদ্ধ করা।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

It says 38% of all women murdered were killed by their partners, and such violence is a major contributor to depression and other health problems. WHO head Margaret Chan said violence against women was "a global health problem of epidemic proportions". The study also calls for toleration of such attacks worldwide to be halted. And it says new guidelines must be adopted by health officials around the world to prevent the abuse and offer better protection to victims. 'Fear of stigma' The report on partner and non-partner violence against women was released by the WHO, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC). Its authors say it is the first systematic study of global data, detailing the impact of the abuse on both the physical and mental health of women and girls. The key findings are: "This new data shows that violence against women is extremely common," said report co-author Prof Charlotte Watts from the LSHTM. "We urgently need to invest in prevention to address the underlying causes of this global women's health problem." The document adds that "fear of stigma" prevents many women from reporting sexual violence. It stresses that health officials around the world need to take the issue "more seriously", providing better training for health workers in recognising when women may be at risk of violence and ensuring an appropriate response. The WHO says it will start implementing new guidelines together with other organisations at the end of June.

পারিবারিক সহিংসতার যেসব ঘটনার অভিযোগ কর্তৃপক্ষের কাছে আসে তার সিংহভাগের ক্ষেত্রে নির্যাতিত নারীটি এসব ঘটনা প্রকাশ করেন। জাতিসংঘের পরিসংখ্যান অনুযায়ী, পৃথিবীর নারীদের এক তৃতীয়াংশ তাদের জীবনে শারীরিক বা যৌন সহিংসতার শিকার হয়।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Chris BaraniukTechnology reporter Thousands of people are sharing the results of their own experiments with the app on social media. But since the face-editing tool went viral in the last few days, some have raised concerns over its terms and conditions. They argue that the company takes a cavalier approach to users' data - but FaceApp said in a statement most images were deleted from its servers within 48 hours of being uploaded. The company also said it only ever uploaded photos that users selected for editing and not additional images. What is FaceApp? FaceApp is not new. It first hit the headlines two years ago with its "ethnicity filters". These purported to transform faces of one ethnicity into another - a feature that sparked a backlash and was quickly dropped. The app can, however, turn blank or grumpy expressions into smiling ones. And it can tweak make-up styles. This is done with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). An algorithm takes the input picture of your face and adjusts it based on other imagery. This makes it possible to insert a toothy smile, for instance, while adjusting lines around the mouth, chin and cheeks for a natural look. So what's the problem? Eyebrows were raised lately when app developer Joshua Nozzi tweeted that FaceApp was uploading troves of photos from people's smartphones without asking permission. However, a French cyber-security researcher who uses the pseudonym Elliot Alderson investigated Mr Nozzi's claims. He found that no such bulk uploading was going on - FaceApp was only taking the specific photos users decided to submit. FaceApp also confirmed to the BBC that only the user-submitted photo is uploaded. What about facial recognition? Others have speculated that FaceApp may use data gathered from user photos to train facial recognition algorithms. This can be done even after the photos themselves are deleted because measurements of features on a person's face can be extracted and used for such purposes. "No, we don't use photos for facial recognition training," the firm's chief executive, Yaroslav Goncharov told BBC News. "Only for editing pictures." Is that it? Not quite. Some question why FaceApp needs to upload photos at all when the app could in theory just process images locally on smartphones rather than send them to the cloud. In FaceApp's case, the server that stores user photos is located in the US. FaceApp itself is a Russian company with offices in St Petersburg. Cyber-security researcher Jane Manchun Wong tweeted that this may simply give FaceApp a competitive advantage - it is harder for others developing similar apps to see how the algorithms work. Steven Murdoch, at University College London, agreed. "It would be better for privacy to process the photos on the smartphone itself but it would be likely [to be] slower, use more battery power, and make it easier for the FaceApp technology to be stolen," he told BBC News. US lawyer Elizabeth Potts Weinstein argued the app's terms and conditions suggested user photos could be used for commercial purposes, such as FaceApp's own ads. But Lance Ulanoff, editor-in-chief of tech site Lifewire, pointed out that Twitter's terms, for example, contained a similar clause: Are users aware of all this? For some, this is the nub of the issue. Privacy advocate Pat Walshe pointed to lines in the FaceApp's privacy policy that suggested some user data may be tracked for the purposes of targeting ads. The app also embeds Google Admob, which serves Google ads to users. Mr Walshe told BBC News this was done "in a manner that isn't obvious" and added: "That fails to provide people with genuine choice and control." Mr Goncharov said terms in FaceApp's privacy policy were generic. He said the company does not share any data for ad-targeting purposes. The app made money through paid subscriptions for premium features instead, he added. "The FaceApp terms allow the company to do effectively what they like with photos of their users, which is concerning but is fairly typical," Dr Murdoch said. "Companies know that almost nobody reads privacy policies and so they ask for as many rights as possible, just in case it becomes useful, even if their current plans don't need them." What else does FaceApp have to say? Mr Goncharov shared a company statement that said FaceApp only uploads photos selected by users for editing. "We never transfer any other images," the statement added. "We might store an uploaded photo in the cloud. "The main reason for that is performance and traffic: we want to make sure that the user doesn't upload the photo repeatedly for every edit operation. "Most images are deleted from our servers within 48 hours from the upload date." The statement said that while FaceApp accepts requests from users to have their data deleted, the company's support team was currently "overloaded". FaceApp advises users to submit such requests through settings, support, "report a bug" and add "privacy" in the subject line. User data was not transferred to Russia, the statement added. The UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) told BBC News it was aware of stories raising concerns about FaceApp and that it would be considering them. "We would advise people signing up to any app to check what will happen to their personal information and not to provide any personal details until they are clear about how they will be used," a spokeswoman for the ICO said. The BBC's Own It team has produced a video guide to app terms and conditions and an explainer on how to manage your digital footprint.

ফেসঅ্যাপ নিয়ে আজকাল সবাই কথা বলছে। এটি এমন একটি অ্যাপ যা মানুষের ছবি এডিট করে তাদের তরুণ কিংবা বৃদ্ধ বয়সের মুখচ্ছবির প্রতিরুপ দেখাতে পারে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said the window of opportunity to contain the virus was "narrowing". Chinese health authorities reported a decrease in deaths and new cases of the coronavirus on Saturday. But cases are on the rise in South Korea, Italy, Iran and other countries. Outside China, more than 1,200 cases of the virus have been confirmed in 26 countries and there have been eight deaths, the WHO says. They include two deaths in South Korea, which has the biggest cluster of confirmed cases apart from China and a cruise ship quarantined in Japan. On Saturday, South Korea reported 142 new confirmed cases of the coronavirus, bringing the national tally to 346. An evacuation flight carrying 32 British and other European passengers has taken off from Japan and is due to land in England later on Saturday. On Friday, doctors in Italy said a 78-year-old man became the first person in the country to die from the new coronavirus, Ansa news agency reported. Earlier Italy had announced 16 more cases and its health minister said schools and offices would be closed and sports events cancelled in the affected regions. China has reported 76,288 cases including 2,345 deaths. The new virus, which originated last year in Hubei province in China, causes a respiratory disease called Covid-19. What did the WHO chief say? Dr Tedros said the number of coronavirus cases outside China was "relatively small" but the pattern of infection was worrying. "We are concerned about the number of cases with no clear epidemiological link, such as travel history to or contact with a confirmed case," he said. The new deaths and infections in Iran were "very concerning", he said. But he insisted that the measures China and other countries had put in place meant there was still a "fighting chance" of stopping further spread and called on countries to put more resources into preparing for possible outbreaks. What is the latest in South Korea? Prime Minister Chung Sye-kyun declared a public health emergency as the total number of cases surpassed 300 on Saturday. The southern cities of Daegu and Cheongdo have been declared "special care zones". The streets of Daegu are now largely abandoned. The nation's capital, Seoul, banned demonstrations in central areas. Two cases were also reported in Busan, South Korea's second-largest city, and one on the Island of Jeju on Saturday - the first in both places. All military bases are in lockdown after three soldiers tested positive. About 9,000 members of a religious group were told to self-quarantine, after the sect was identified as a coronavirus hotbed. The authorities suspect the current outbreak in South Korea originated in Cheongdo, pointing out that a large number of sect followers attended the funeral of the founder's brother from 31 January to 2 February. The sect - known as Shincheonji - which has been accused of being a cult, said it had now shut down its Daegu branch and that services in other regions would be held online or individually at home. As of Friday, more than 400 members of the church were showing symptoms of the disease, though tests were still ongoing, the city mayor said. Hand sanitizers and warning signs By Hyung Eun Kim, BBC Korean Service, Seoul Many people in South Korea are wearing masks on a daily basis. Hand sanitizers have been placed at public transport stops and building entrances. Warning government signs are everywhere. They say: "Three ways to prevent further infection: wear a mask at all times; wash your hands properly with soap for more than 30 seconds; and cover yourself when coughing." Koreans have also developed several apps and websites that tell you how much risk you face where you are. They show where the infected people are within a 10km radius. "I can't miss work, what I can do is minimise contact with others and stay at home during the weekend," Seung-hye Lim, a Seoul resident, told the BBC. "I do wonder if we reacted too laxly initially or if it really is because of the specific service practices of the Shincheonji sect." So-young Sung, a mother of two in Seoul, told the BBC: "It feels like my daily life is collapsing." She said she was struggling to find pharmacies that had masks. She added that checking coronavirus-related alarms from her children's schools and kindergartens was now a daily routine for her. What about the Iran cases? In Iran the outbreak is centred on the holy city of Qom, south of the capital Tehran, which is a popular destination for Shia Muslims in the region. Iran reported two more deaths in Qom on Friday, adding to the two deaths it reported on Thursday. A total of 18 cases have been confirmed in the country. Lebanon has reported its first confirmed case - a 45-year-old woman who was detected as she arrived in Beirut from Qom. The UAE, Israel and Egypt have also reported cases. Meanwhile Canadian officials said one of the nine cases there was a woman who had recently returned from Iran. WHO officials said both Iran and Lebanon had the basic capacity to detect the virus and the WHO was contacting them to offer further assistance. But Dr Tedros said the organisation was concerned about the virus's possible spread in countries with weaker health systems. What about China and elsewhere? The virus has now hit the country's prison system, with more than 500 inmates confirmed infected. They include 230 patients in a women's prison in Wuhan. More cases have been found in a prison in the eastern province of Shandong and the south-eastern province of Zhejiang. Some 36 people at a hospital in Beijing have also tested positive. Senior officials have been sacked for mishandling management of the outbreak. Passengers of the Diamond Princess cruise ship who have tested negative continue to disembark the ship in Yokohama after more than 14 days quarantined on board. However, 18 American evacuees from the ship tested positive after arriving in the US, officials said. More than 300 other US nationals have arrived back in the US after disembarking. More than 150 Australian passengers have been evacuated from the ship and have already arrived in Darwin, where they will begin two more weeks of quarantine. Australian officials said on Friday that six people had reported feeling unwell on arrival in Darwin and were immediately tested. Two of those people tested positive despite having received negative tests before leaving Japan. The first batch of people from Hong Kong have also flown back to the city, where they will similarly be quarantined. What questions do you have about the coronavirus? In some cases your question will be published, displaying your name, age and location as you provide it, unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. Please ensure you have read our terms & conditions and privacy policy. Use this form to ask your question: If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question or send them via email to [email protected]. Please include your name, age and location with any question you send in.

করোনাভাইরাসের ক্ষেত্রে চীন বা অন্য কোন বিষয়ের সাথে স্পষ্ট যোগসূত্র নিশ্চিত হতে না পারায় ভাইরাসটিতে আক্রান্তের কিছু সংখ্যা নিয়ে উদ্বেগ প্রকাশ করেছেন বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থার প্রধান।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent, BBC News Sexual health doctors say he was "very lucky" and the case was a "major wake-up call for everybody". He picked up the superbug having sex with a woman in South East Asia, despite having a British partner. It was the first-ever case of the infection being incurable with first choice antibiotics, but now two similar cases have been reported in Australia. The original case came to light last month and was linked to travel earlier in the year. The main antibiotic treatment - a combination of azithromycin and ceftriaxone - failed to treat the disease. A detailed analysis of his infection suggested one last antibiotic might work and he has since been treated with ertapenem. Dr Gwenda Hughes, the head of sexually-transmitted infections at Public Health England, said: "We are pleased to report that the case of multi-drug resistant gonorrhoea has been successfully treated." The public health body launched an investigation to track down any further cases - including in his British partner - but says the superbug has not spread in the UK. Discussions between Public Health England, the World Health Organization and the European Centres for Disease Control agreed this was the most serious case of antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea ever detected. But now two "similar" cases have been discovered in Australia. One also had sex in South East Asia, the other reported no foreign travel. Dr Hughes said they will be "challenging" to treat and were a "timely reminder" to everyone that super-gonorrhoea is likely to be more common in the future. What is gonorrhoea? The disease is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The infection is spread by unprotected vaginal, oral and anal sex. Symptoms can include a thick green or yellow discharge from sexual organs, pain when urinating and bleeding between periods. However, vaginal and rectal infections often have no symptoms. An untreated infection can lead to infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease and can be passed on to a child during pregnancy. Dr Olwen Williams, the president of the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV, said the case was a "major wake-up call for everybody". She told the BBC: "He was very lucky that he still had one remaining antibiotic that was used successfully. "Our concern is in the future there might be no antimicrobials that will work." She said people needed to be aware that the risk of picking up superbugs is higher in countries that use antibiotics less carefully. Antibiotics are available to buy over the counter in many countries around the world, unlike in the UK where a prescription from a doctor is needed. It means the drugs are likely to be overused, driving up rates of resistance. Dr Williams said: "We have to be aware when we travel that is potentially what we pick up. "If you have unsafe sex anywhere in the world, get checked out when you come back before having sex with other partners." She also warned cuts to sexual health services were hitting "in a world where have to tackle multi-drug resistant gonorrhoea and rising incidence of syphilis" and that was a "significant concern". Follow James on Twitter.

যুক্তরাজ্যে যে ব্যক্তি সবচেয়ে খারাপ ধরণের 'সুপার গনোরিয়ায়' আক্রান্ত হয়েছিলেন, তিনি অবশেষে সুস্থ হয়েছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Lucy WilliamsonBBC Paris correspondent The building, shaped like an aircraft hangar with tiny windows perched high up in its corrugated walls, stands empty and closed. Outside is an official notice, taped in plastic against the rain, announcing its forced closure by the government for "involve[ment] in the Islamist movement", and for sharing a social media video targeting teacher Samuel Paty. The French government's general crackdown on radical Islamism, in response to the beheading of the history teacher outside Paris this month, has been rapid and tough - a blizzard of inquiries, closures, plans and proposals that have sometimes been hard to keep track of. "Fear will change sides," President Emmanuel Macron is widely quoted as telling his Defence Council last week. The government has announced more than 120 searches of individual homes, the dissolution of associations accused of spreading Islamist rhetoric, plans to target terrorist funding, new support for teachers, and fresh pressure on social media companies to police content more efficiently. Nothing on this scale happened after other attacks on President Macron's watch, despite the violent murder of some 20 people during his tenure, among them police officers, a young woman at a train station and shoppers in a Christmas market. So what's different now? Wider surveillance Jérôme Fourquet is a political analyst and a director of the IFOP polling agency. He believes that this attack was different, both in targeting a teacher and in its brutality, and that there has been a "shift in gear" within government. "We are no longer dealing with organised jihadist networks," he said, "but a terrorist who came from our own country, an isolated individual who was radicalised. "The government believes the response cannot only be about law enforcement. They also need to manage social networks and associations, because this tragic case shed light on a whole network which spreads hate speeches within the population. The system needs changing." He said an IFOP survey two years ago suggested that a third of teachers had "self-censored" to avoid conflicts over secularism. He believes the government is right to challenge what he says are ideological threats to the Republic's laws, alongside security threats. But Laurent Mucchielli, a sociologist at France's National Centre for Scientific Research, says that President Macron and his government have "overreacted" for political reasons; specifically, the presidential election in 2022. "Macron is adding fuel to the fire," Mr Mucchielli said. "He doesn't want to appear on the back foot, compared to the right and the far right. His main goal is to get re-elected in 2022, [so] he needs to occupy the ground of the far right. And their themes, since the end of the 19th Century, have been immigration and security." Read more on this topic: A poll last week suggested that the far-right leader, Marine Le Pen, is France's most trusted political leader in the fight against terrorism. Mr Macron trails her by four points. The two leaders could well find themselves facing each other in a presidential run-off in 18 months' time. Security has widely been seen as the weak spot in President Macron's armour, trailing behind his strong image abroad and forceful economic reforms at home. But Marine Le Pen has also cast the peaceful public expression of Islam as a threat to French national identity. Cultural tensions Over his time in office, Mr Macron has taken great care to distinguish between security threats and secularism. For a long time, he would often side-step questions around headscarves, burkini swimsuits or halal school meals. But the febrile politics around religious expression in France has sometimes made subtlety feel like a luxury. In September, Anne-Christine Lang, an MP from Mr Macron's liberal La République En Marche (LREM) party, walked out of the National Assembly after being asked to listen to testimony from someone wearing a Muslim headscarf. "I can't accept that inside the National Assembly, the beating heart of democracy, we will accept someone turning up in hijab," she said. Public servants - such as teachers and mayors - are required not to show any overt signs of religious faith, but members of the public face no such constraint under the law, even inside public buildings. That hasn't stopped furious rows over whether parents in headscarves can accompany their child's class on school trips, or whether swimmers at the beach can wear a burkini; debates that are usually accompanied by accusations of appeasement from the Right, and of Islamophobia from the Left. Into this political hothouse comes the current frenzy of activity after the murder of Samuel Paty, who was targeted for showing cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad to a class. International dimension And whether or not the government's response is winning President Macron supporters at home, it's certainly rousing his critics abroad. There have been protests in Libya, Bangladesh and the Gaza Strip, along with calls for a boycott of French products and a growing war of words with Turkey. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has backed the boycott, and publicly questioned Mr Macron's mental health, after the French leader defended France's secular values last week, saying the country would "never give up [its] cartoons". France has now recalled its ambassador. But, like many complicated relationships, this one has a long history. Mr Macron has already built up a long list of grievances against his Turkish counterpart, including Turkey's operations against Kurdish militia in Syria, gas exploration in the eastern Mediterranean and allegedly breaking a Libyan arms embargo. Now one shocking murder and France's response to it have triggered fresh rows - both within France and outside - over the boundaries between religion and politics, and how they are used by those in power.

ফ্রান্স যে অস্বাভাবিক একটি সময়ের ভেতর দিয়ে যাচ্ছে তার অন্যতম একটি প্রতীক রাজধানী প্যারিসের উত্তর-পূর্বে মুসলিম অধ্যুষিত পাঁতা এলাকার একটি মসজিদ।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The emperor, 59, officially began his reign in May after the abdication of his father, the then-Emperor Akihito. But, after a series of traditional rituals inside the imperial palace in Tokyo, his ascension has now been formalised. The ceremony comes as Japan reels from the effects of Typhoon Hagibis, which left almost 80 people dead. A celebration parade was postponed out of respect for the victims and their families. What happened at the ceremony? The Sokui no Rei - or the Ceremony of Accession - saw Emperor Naruhito inside the 6.5m-high Takamikura throne. He read out a formal proclamation, dressed in a yellow-orange robe worn only by emperors on special occasions. "I swear that I will act according to the constitution and fulfil my responsibility as the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people," he said, according to a Reuters translation. His wife Empress Masako, reportedly clothed in 12 layers of robes, was seen in a separate smaller throne. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe delivered a congratulatory address, followed by shouts of "Banzai!" - translated as "long live the emperor". The ceremony, conducted largely in silence, was held in the presence of an ancient sword and jewel - sacred treasures that act as symbols of imperial power. Hundreds of foreign dignitaries, including the UK's Prince Charles, were in attendance. The emperor will later host a tea party for foreign royalty, while Mr Abe will host a banquet in the evening. How big a deal is this ceremony? A pretty huge deal. The last time an enthronement ceremony took place was in 1990, when the then-emperor Akihito formally ascended the throne. Small crowds turned out on Tuesday morning outside the palace despite a heavy downpour. "Today is an important day for the new emperor and the empress," 78-year-old Shuichi Hachinuma, who had travelled to Tokyo, told news agency AFP. "I feel the emperor is closer to us, compared to in the past... I want him to send a message of peace." The torrential winds and rains cleared just as the ceremony began. Some social media users claimed a rainbow appeared just in time for the ceremony. Didn't Naruhito already ascend the throne? Emperor Naruhito officially began his reign on 1 May. According to news site the Japan Times, the ceremonies conducted on that day were "simpler, and meant to signify the inheritance of the throne immediately". The Sokui no rei was a much more elaborate affair. It's not uncommon for there to be a gap between the first succession to the throne and the Sokui no rei. For Emperor Akihito, there was an almost two-year gap between his succession to the throne and the Sokui no rei. According to one Japanese expert, the reason for the confusion this time round was because then-Emperor Akihito's abdication broke away from the normal procedure. He abdicated due to poor health, becoming the first monarch to abdicate in more than 200 years. Usually, the celebratory enthronement can only take place after at least a year of mourning. But because Emperor Akihito had stepped down, the ascension of Emperor Naruhito then was seen as much more of a celebration. "The world just assumed that that [on 1 May] was the combined celebration, but the real celebration is what's happening now," Ken Ruoff, author of Japan's Imperial House in the Postwar Era, told the BBC. "It's not perceived as a big deal [to] the rest of the world who are like 'didn't we already do this?' But it's a big deal for the Japanese."

জাপানের সম্রাট নারুহিতো আজ এক জাঁকজমকপূর্ণ ও ঐতিহ্যমণ্ডিত অনুষ্ঠানের মধ্যে দিয়ে জাপানের সিংহাসনে আরোহণ করেছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The announcement came after Mr Trump met top North Korean negotiator Kim Yong-chol at the White House. He had been expected to deliver a letter from Kim Jong-un to Mr Trump. Little progress has been made on denuclearisation since their historic summit in Singapore last June. No venue has been announced for the new summit. Speculation is mounting that it could be held in Vietnam. Kim Yong-chol's visit to Washington is the first sign of movement in nuclear diplomacy with North Korea for months, BBC state department correspondent Barbara Plett Usher reports. It is not clear what the reported letter from Kim Jong-un contained. But it was expected to lay the groundwork for another summit, our correspondent adds. President Trump said he was looking forward to the talks. His press secretary Sarah Sanders said after the White House meeting that progress in the talks on denuclearisation continued, but added: "The United States is going to continue to keep pressure and sanctions on North Korea." What has happened since the last summit? Not very much was agreed on in the Singapore summit, so there is little to measure success by. Nuclear negotiations between Washington and Pyongyang have stalled, no detailed account of North Korea's nuclear facilities has been provided and sanctions are still firmly in place. Mr Kim however, has been busy boosting his global image. He's improved relations with neighbouring South Korea, and both countries have destroyed guard posts along the heavily guarded demilitarised zone - and paid trips to each other's countries. Ties between North Korea and China also appear to have improved, with Mr Kim making multiple trips to Beijing to meet President Xi. What was achieved at the Singapore summit? The summit was historic for the fact that it happened at all - but on paper, all it really achieved was a vaguely-phrased agreement in which both countries agreed to work towards denuclearisation. It was never really made clear what denuclearisation would entail - the agreement did not include any timeline, details or mechanisms to verify this process. If there is a second summit, many will be expecting something more concrete to come out of it. Both North Korea and the US are unlikely to get away with calling another vague agreement a success. Where is North Korea's nuclear programme currently at? North Korea hasn't conducted a missile test since the summit. It's also dismantled a nuclear testing site and a key missile engine facility. It did however test out a new "high-tech" tactical weapon last November - its first official report of a weapons test in a year. This however, was not taken to represent a huge threat. But it's still not clear how many nuclear facilities still exist in North Korea. A report after last year's summit identified the extent of North Korea's network of missile bases. However, this is not a breach of the Singapore agreement - as North Korea has not made any commitment to halt any weapons development or shut down its missile bases. Will the new summit actually happen? It should. Both sides appear to want it to happen. The last summit was a rollercoaster in itself - it was cancelled, and then restarted after a hand-delivered letter to Mr Trump from Mr Kim. It's not impossible that something similar might happen again - we'll just have to wait and see. This time, however, a letter appears to have arrived early enough.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প এবং উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং আন ফেব্রুয়ারি মাসের শেষে দ্বিতীয় দফায় বৈঠকে বসছেন। হোয়াইট হাউজ থেকে এই তথ্য জানানো হয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Padraig BeltonBusiness reporter In Europe and America, this is one in five people. And since they are less likely to be in work, their poverty rate is about twice as high. So technologies that could help disabled people contribute more in the workplace - and improve their quality of life - are surely welcome. And it also makes good business sense. If a million more disabled people could work, the UK economy alone would grow 1.7%, or £45bn ($64bn), says disability charity Scope. The eyes have it Motor neuron disease affects 400,000 people worldwide, including renowned scientist Professor Stephen Hawking. Multiple sclerosis affects 2.3 million. But neurons controlling eye movement are more resistant to degenerative diseases. This is also true of other parts of the face, like the cheek, which Prof Hawking uses to communicate. US company LC Technologies has invented a device that enables people to control a computer using just their eyes. Eyegaze Edge is the latest invention of the company, which was founded in 1988 by a group of engineers in a basement. It solved the basic scientific problems then, but the early device was cumbersome and very expensive. "We crammed it in back of a single-engine plane and took it around to towns where there was a need," says medical director Nancy Cleveland. "Now, it fits in a suitcase in a commercial aircraft." The technology behind Eyegaze is called Pupil Centre/Corneal Reflection, or PCCR. A tablet is set up in front of the user, with a small video camera underneath. A near-infrared LED (light-emitting diode) light illuminates the user's eye. The camera then measures the distance between the centre of your pupil and the reflection of LED light on your cornea - the transparent bit of your eye at the front. This tiny distance shifts as your gaze changes, and this enables a computer to work out exactly where you're looking. "People have done all kinds of interesting jobs," says Ms Cleveland, "and all they had was the ability to move their eyes." She says about 12 books have been written using the device. Head control A similar device is the HeadMouse Nano, recently developed by Texas-based Origin Instruments. A camera tracks the movements of a reflective dot stuck to the user's forehead, and these motions control a computer cursor. Selections are made using a "sip-puff" switch in the mouth, or by dwell time - how long the head stays in a certain position. It requires slightly more motor ability in its users, but is cheaper. "Lately, we've reduced size and power consumption," says Origin's vice president Mel Dashner, who worked on tracking devices for aircraft during the Cold War. "We're mainly riding the wave of cell phone technology like everybody else." 'Smart glasses' There are about 39 million blind people in the world, according to the World Health Organisation. But 90% have at least some level of light perception. So Stephen Hicks, a neuroscientist at Oxford University, has developed "smart glasses" that accentuate the contrast between light and dark objects. "We try to represent the world in simple and unambiguous real-time images," he says. The nearest image is bright, whereas the rest of the field is black, and the the contrast between them is cranked up to maximum. Mr Hicks started working on the glasses in 2010, with tech firm Epson providing the see-through computer displays. He has since had additional help from the Royal National Institute for the Blind, and prize money from a Google Impact Challenge award. The biggest challenge for him has been in keeping the weight down - if the glasses weigh more than 120g (4.2oz) wearers get headaches, he says. So he has put the battery and processing unit into a handset, connected to the glasses by a small cable. Talking hands Technology can even help the 1.5 million people in the world who are deaf and blind. Helen Keller, most famously, was the first deafblind person to earn a bachelor of arts degree in 1904. Deafblind people can communicate using tactical alphabets - pressing or pinching different parts of the hand represents different letters. Now Nicholas Caporusso, from Bari in southern Italy, has developed a way of turning these movements and touches into electronic signals via a special glove. Sensors in his dbGLOVE turn these alphabet tracings into computer text, and actuators trace the letters back onto the hand. This will enable deafblind people to operate computers and smartphones. Mr Caporusso hopes the final device, which was developed with two partners from Finland - where Nokia has left a legacy of mobile phone inventiveness - will be ready early this year. "The perfect match of Italian design and Finnish technology," Mr Caporusso calls it. The biggest challenge was size, he says, as it is with many of these assistive technologies: "All these cables, actuators, and sensors are in a very small space." 'Reliable signals' Advances in 3D printing and bio-electronics are also helping replace missing limbs with prosthetics and give disabled people extra functionality. For example, in 2014, Ontario-based Thalmic Labs released an armband called the Myo. It enables a person to control computer devices by reading the electricity produced by their skeletal muscles and then sending these signals wirelessly via Bluetooth to the device. In December 2015, researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore adapted this armband to control a prosthetic limb. Thalmic's chief executive, Stephen Lake, says Myo "slides right on the arm, with no surgery or skin prep, and provides much more reliable signals than you can get with electrodes." The technology was originally developed to facilitate gesture-controlled presentations and has been used by DJs to control lighting displays. And if such assistive technology can be used by non-disabled people, too, it can be made more cheaply to the benefit of all.

বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থার মতে, বিশ্বব্যাপী প্রতিবছর প্রায় সাড়ে ১৩ লক্ষ মানুষ সড়ক দুর্ঘটনায় প্রাণ হারান।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The rapper will perform at the Jeddah World Fest on 18 July. The concert is the latest example of the kingdom loosening restrictions on entertainment and encouraging the growth of the arts sector. "Nicki Minaj" trended on Twitter on Wednesday as people reacted to the announcement. "Imagine waking up from a three year coma and the first thing you hear is Nicki Minaj [is] opening a musical festival in Saudi Arabia, I'd honestly think I woke up in some parallel universe," one person wrote. Another questioned if the event organisers had Googled the performer prior to booking her. "No one in Saudi Arabia googled Nicki Minaj did they?" tweeted Kabir Taneja. Not all the reaction was as light-hearted. One Twitter user wrote that Minaj's performance would be inappropriate, given its proximity to Mecca - Islam's holiest city. In a video posted on Twitter, a woman wearing a headscarf questioned why the authorities were welcoming the rapper, while requiring Saudi women wear the abaya - a long loose-fitting robe used to cover their bodies in public. "She's going to go and shake her ass and all her songs are indecent and about sex and shaking ass," she said. "And then you tell me to wear the abaya. What the hell?" Others suggested the singer's decision to perform in the country was hypocritical, contrasting her appearances at gay pride events with the Kingdom's stance on homosexuality. Homosexuality is punishable by death in Saudi Arabia. Minaj is not the first performer to cause controversy by accepting an invitation to perform in Saudi Arabia. Mariah Carey defied calls from human rights activists to cancel her performance in the kingdom, while rapper Nelly came under fire for performing a "men only" concert. The recent loosening of restrictions on many forms of entertainment is part of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's ambitious plan to diversify the country's economy. Turki Al al-Sheikh, the head of the General Entertainment Authority, set out his vision for the future of the Saudi entertainment industry in a tweet in January. "God willing, the focus in entertainment in the next phase would be on events, circus performances, mobile theme parks, plays and programmes to develop young men and women and to support national entertainment companies," he wrote.

সৌদি আরবের একটি সংগীত উৎসবে নিকি মিনাজ অংশ নেবেন বলে ঘোষণা আসার পর সৌদি আরবের সামাজিক মাধ্যমে বিতর্ক শুরু হয়েছে। অনেকেই প্রশ্ন তুলছেন নিকি মিনাজের পোশাক এবং খোলামেলা গানের বক্তব্য রক্ষণশীল রাজতন্ত্রের এই দেশটির সঙ্গে ঠিক খাপ খায় না।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

A senior SDF commander claimed their source also played a vital role in tracking down the Islamic State (IS) leader's location before an operation by US special forces in Syria. Baghdadi killed himself in the raid. US President Donald Trump has downplayed the role of Kurdish forces. When announcing the raid on 27 October, Mr Trump said the Kurds provided "helpful" information but added that they had not carried out "a military role at all". But Polat Can insisted the SDF played an important part in the raid in a Twitter thread posted on Monday. "All intelligence and access to al-Baghdadi as well as the identification of his place were the result of our own work. Our intelligence source was involved in sending coordinates, directing the airdrop, participating in and making the operation a success until the last minute," he said. Mr Can added that the SDF had been working with the CIA to track Baghdadi since 15 May, and had discovered that he was hiding in Idlib province, where the raid took place. The source, said Mr Can, had found out that the IS leader was about to move to a new location in Jarablus. The SDF have been key allies of the US in the battle against the Islamic State (IS) group, but earlier this month Mr Trump pulled American troops out of northern Syria. Analysts say the US withdrawal in effect gave Turkey the green light to begin a cross-border assault on the region. What do we know about the raid? Several US allies or powers in the region were given advance notification of the raid, including Turkey, Iraq, Kurdish forces in north-eastern Syria, and Russia, which controls airspace over Idlib. The troops arrived to a barrage of shots from the ground, reports said. On landing, the US force called on Baghdadi, who had fled into a tunnel, to come out and surrender. The force blew holes in the walls to avoid any booby traps in doors. The retreating Baghdadi then detonated his suicide vest, killing himself and three children in the tunnel. Mr Trump said test results carried out on the remains "gave certain, immediate and totally positive identification" that it was Baghdadi. The tests were carried out on site by technicians who accompanied the special forces personnel and had samples of Baghdadi's DNA with them, reports said. They combined facial recognition technology and a smaller DNA reader that troops can use aboard their helicopters to obtain the results, according to the Daily Beast. The technicians also brought "substantial pieces" of the body back with them on the helicopters. On Monday, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen Mike Milley, said that American officials had disposed of Baghdadi's remains. He said the burial was now "complete and was handled appropriately" without providing any further details. An anonymous official told the Reuters news agency that Baghdadi had been given religious rites according to the Islamic custom and buried at sea. A similar process was carried out following the killing of al-Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden in Pakistan in 2011.

কুর্দি নেতৃত্বাধীন সিরিয়ান ডেমোক্র্যাটিক ফোর্স বা এসডিএফ বলছে, তাদের একজন গুপ্তচর আবু বকর আল-বাগদাদির অন্তর্বাস চুরি করেছিল এবং সেখান থেকে নেয়া ডিএনএ-র নমুনার সাথে তার মিলিয়ে তার পরিচয় নিশ্চিত করা হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

A survey of 5,598 women found those who ate fast food four or more times a week took nearly a month longer to get pregnant than those who never or rarely ate it. Regular junk food eaters were also less likely to conceive within a year, the report in Human Reproduction found. Experts said it suggested a good diet boosted the chances of conceiving. However, there were some limitations to the study, including that it relied on women having to remember what they had eaten before pregnancy. Women in Australia, New Zealand, the UK and Ireland were quizzed about what they had eaten in the month before they became pregnant with their first child. Midwives visited the women when they were about 14-16 weeks pregnant and asked them how often they ate fruit, green leafy vegetables and fish, as well as foods, such as burgers, pizza, fried chicken and chips, from fast food outlets. Researchers found the women who had eaten fruit less than one to three times a month took on average half a month longer to become pregnant than those who had eaten it three or more times a day. They also calculate that the women with the lowest intake of fruit had a 12% risk of having been unable to conceive within a year, while this was 16% for those who had eaten fast food four or more times a week. This compared with a risk of 8% in the group as a whole. Couples were excluded from the analysis if the male partner was receiving fertility treatment. Prof Claire Roberts, from the University of Adelaide, Australia, who led the study, said: "These findings show that eating a good quality diet that includes fruit and minimising fast food consumption improves fertility and reduces the time it takes to get pregnant." You may also be interested in: However, while researchers found an association between the consumption of fruit and fast foods and the time it took to get pregnant, perhaps surprisingly their study found no link with eating green leafy vegetables and fish. Although the study was large, it incorporated only a limited range of foods. Information on the fathers' diets was not collected, and it is possible that other unknown factors might have affected the results, researchers said. But experts said it still added to evidence that women's diet before pregnancy had an impact on their chances of conceiving. Dr Gino Pecoraro, a senior Lecturer at the University of Queensland, who was not involved in the research, said: "Generally, the study does support what most health professionals would intuitively believe - having a healthy diet is good for couples trying to conceive."

যে নারীরা নিয়মিত ফাস্টফুড খান কিন্তু ফলমূল কম খান, তারা গর্ভধারণ করতে গিয়ে সমস্যায় পড়তে পারেন বলে নতুন একটি গবেষণায় বলা হয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Guillermo D OlmoBBC News Mundo, Caracas Mejicano says that he launched the campaign to alert people to the fact that in Venezuela "something is becoming common which should never be considered normal". The country's economy is in freefall and one in three Venezuelans is struggling to put enough food on the table to meet minimum nutrition requirements, according to a study by the UN World Food Programme. With contraceptives hard to come by and beyond the financial means of many, unwanted pregnancies are common. Strict abortion laws which only allow for terminations in cases when the mother's life is in danger further limit women's choices. Amid the economic crisis, one charity said in 2018 that it had seen the number of babies abandoned in the streets or left at the entrances of public buildings increase by 70%. The Venezuelan government has not released any official figures in recent years and neither the communications ministry nor the government body dealing with the rights of children answered requests for comment. But social services and health workers consulted by the BBC confirmed there had been an increase in the number of abandoned babies as well as a spike in those handed over for informal adoption. 'Shortcuts' Nelson Villasmill is a member of a child protection council in one of Caracas' poorest areas. He explains that, faced with a poorly funded adoption system that is in total disarray, desperate parents sometimes resort to shortcuts. The story of Baby Tomás (not his real name) is one such case. He was born to a mother living in poverty in Caracas who felt she was in no position to raise him. The gynaecologist who was present at Tomás' birth agreed to help. He says it was not the first time he came across a mother who felt she could not bring up her baby. "They almost always change their minds the first time they breastfeed the baby," he explains. "But sometimes that is not the case, and then you have to find a solution." He contacted one of his patients. In her forties and dreaming of having a baby, Tania (not her real name) had not been able to get pregnant. She wanted to help Tomás and his mother, but after some thought decided against taking him in. Instead, she contacted a couple with whom she is friends who agreed to raise Tomás as their own child in their home in rural Venezuela. They had to get the baby registered quickly in order not to arouse suspicion, so Tania paid a $250 (£195) bribe for an official to turn a blind eye and put down her friend's name as Tomás' birth mother. Tomás is now being raised by her friends in the countryside and his new family has just celebrated Tomás taking his first steps. Tania says she does not regret what she did and insists that she bypassed the official adoption channels for Tomás' benefit. "I never thought of doing anything like this but legal adoption doesn't work in Venezuela and that baby would have suffered a lot of hardships in a public orphanage," she explains. Trapped Tomás was given away with his mother's consent but there is no shortage of people exploiting the desperation of Venezuelan women. While she was pregnant with her second child, Isabel's husband died, making Isabel (not her real name) consider giving up the child she was expecting. "I was alone and feared that I wouldn't be able to feed my baby," she says. Following the advice of an acquaintance, she flew to the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean to meet a couple she was told were interested in adopting her baby. She was told she would have the final say in any decision but soon came under pressure from the Colombian woman making the arrangements. "I was told it was going to be all legal and never committed to give my baby away," she recalls. But once in Trinidad, "I realised I had been trapped in a net of human traffickers". "I was always being watched," she recalls. Isabel says that she was not allowed to leave the house where she was staying and that the return ticket for the flight she had been promised would take her back to Venezuela never materialised. Separated Weeks later she gave birth prematurely in a Trinidadian hospital. She decided to keep the baby but immediately was pressured by the Colombian woman and a man who claimed to be a lawyer. "They told me that the new parents were waiting in the parking lot and that I had to sign some documents in English that I didn't understand and to hand over my baby." Isabel refused at first but over the following weeks, her captors increased the pressure, taking away her food, medicine and nappies. "In the end, I had to hand over my son to save his life and for me to return to Venezuela to get help," she says crying. With the help of a non-governmental organisation, Isabel has now set off on a legal battle to recover her son who is under the guardianship of the authorities in Trinidad. At present, she is only allowed to see him once a week. She says she will not give up until she is reunited with him.

''শিশুদের পরিত্যাগ করা নিষিদ্ধ'', ভেনেজুয়েলার সড়কের পাশের দেয়াল জুড়ে এই বার্তা লিখে রেখেছেন শিল্পী এরিক মেহিকানো। রাজধানী কারাকাসে তার অ্যাপার্টমেন্ট ভবনের কাছাকাছি একটি ময়লার স্তূপে সদ্যজাত একটি শিশু পাওয়ার পর তিনি এই উদ্যোগ নেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Alex TherrienHealth reporter, BBC News The government has launched a public consultation on its plans to make it illegal to sell the drinks to children. Energy drinks contain high levels of sugar and caffeine and have been linked to obesity and other health issues. The government is asking for views on what age the ban should apply to, but gave under 16 and under 18 as options. Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales have the power to implement their own bans. 'Worrying links' UK youngsters are among the highest consumers of energy drinks in Europe, research has previously suggested. The drinks contain high levels of caffeine and sugar, often much more than those of standard soft drinks. Excessive consumption has been linked to a range of health issues in children, from obesity, tooth decay, headaches and sleep problems to stomach aches and hyperactivity. Surveys from teachers unions have also suggested that they contribute to poor behaviour in classrooms, although claims they can alter behaviour have been contested. The ban would apply to drinks containing 150mg of caffeine or more per litre. Many shops already have their own voluntary bans in place for under-16s, but it is still possible for children to buy the drinks from some retailers and vending machines. Public Health Minister Steve Brine said: "We all have a responsibility to protect children from products that are damaging to their health and education, and we know that drinks packed to the brim with caffeine, and often sugar, are becoming a common fixture of their diet. "Our children already consume 50% more of these drinks than our European counterparts, and teachers have made worrying links between energy drinks and poor behaviour in the classroom." Reality Check: Is caffeine bad for your health? The two main ingredients of concern in energy drinks are sugar and caffeine. We know having a diet too high in sugar risks weight-gain, which is in turn is linked to heart disease, some cancers and type 2 diabetes. But how much do we know about what caffeine does to young people's bodies in the short and longer-term? In the short-term it can cause headaches on withdrawal, irritability, raised blood pressure and heart-rate. But there isn't much good evidence that caffeine directly harms health, including that of children, in the longer term. Although it raises blood pressure in the short-term, there is no association with hypertension (chronic high blood pressure). However, the shorter-term symptoms caffeine causes may indirectly lead to other health issues. For example, there's plenty of evidence linking disturbed sleep to a range of negative health consequences, including weight gain. One study linked energy drinks to "poor quality or reduced sleep, headaches, risk-seeking behaviour and depressive symptoms". The maximum recommended intake of caffeine for children is lower than for adults - no more than a daily serving of 2.5mg for every kg a child weighs - meaning it's easy for a young person to over-consume caffeine if they drink energy drinks. Food labelling laws already state that any soft drink with more than 150mg of caffeine per litre must carry a warning about its high caffeine content and are not recommended for children or pregnant or breastfeeding women. Prime Minister Theresa May said: "Childhood obesity is one of the greatest health challenges this country faces, and that's why we are taking significant action to reduce the amounts of sugar consumed by young people and to help families make healthier choices. "With thousands of young people regularly consuming energy drinks, often because they are sold at cheaper prices than soft drinks, we will consult on banning the sale of energy drinks to children. "It is vital that we do all we can to make sure children have the best start in life and I encourage everyone to put forward their views." What is in energy drinks? Energy drinks contain high levels of caffeine, usually about 80mg in a 250ml can. In comparison, a 330ml can of classic Coca-Cola contains 32mg and a can of Diet Coke 42mg. Energy drinks also contain lots of sugar as well as other ingredients including vitamins and minerals or herbal substances. Some smaller "energy shot" products can contain as much as 160mg of caffeine in a 60ml bottle. How much caffeine is too much? Source: NHS Choices What are the health harms of too much sugar? Too much sugar in our diets is linked to a range of health problems including: Duncan Selbie, chief executive of Public Health England, said: "Children do not need energy drinks to get through the day - they offer nothing more than unnecessary sugar. "Restricting the sale of these drinks is another bold step needed to turn the tide on childhood obesity." Prof Russell Viner, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said: "There is no evidence that energy drinks have any nutritional value or place in the diet of children and young people. "It's therefore worrying that so many young people are buying these drinks at low prices and consuming them on a regular basis." Energy Drinks Europe, which represents drinks manufacturers, said a 250ml can of energy drink typically contained about the same amount of caffeine as a cup of coffee and as much sugar as that in juices and soft drinks. A spokesman added: "For all ages, there are much greater contributors of caffeine and sugar in the diet than energy drinks. "A sales ban on energy drinks is therefore arbitrary, discriminatory and not effective. "A better approach is to work with governments to ensure a fact-based discussion rather than proposals based on conjecture. Effective measures would include portion control and serving size reductions." The public consultation follows the June 2018 publication of the latest chapter of the government's Childhood Obesity Plan, which commits to halve childhood obesity by 2030. It will last for 12 weeks. Follow Alex on Twitter.

যুক্তরাজ্যের প্রধানমন্ত্রী নিজেই বলেছেন দেশটিতে আঠার বছরের কম বয়েসী শিশুদের কাছে এনার্জি ড্রিংক বিক্রি নিষিদ্ধ হতে পারে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The clashes first broke out on Sunday, between protesters in favour of a controversial new Indian citizenship law and those against it. The violence has taken on religious overtones, with Hindu and Muslim groups fighting each other. The clashes have come during US President Donald Trump's first official visit to the country. The violence is centred on Muslim-majority neighbourhoods in north-east Delhi - about 18km (11 miles) from the heart of the capital, where Mr Trump has been holding meetings with Indian leaders, diplomats and businessmen. The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) - which critics say is anti-Muslim - has sparked massive protests since it was passed last year, and some of those have turned violent. But the demonstrations in Delhi have been peaceful until now. When asked about the violence during a press briefing, Mr Trump evaded the issue, saying the incident was "up to India" to handle. However, he said he had brought up the issue of religious freedom in the country and was impressed by the government's response. Correspondents say the current unrest is an embarrassment to Prime Minister Narendra Modi as it has taken the spotlight away from Mr Trump's visit. BBC reporters in north-east Delhi saw Hindu mobs throwing stones and shouting slogans, with some in the crowd shouting "shoot the traitors". Our correspondent Yogita Limaye saw plumes of smoke rising from a tyre market that has been set on fire. In another incident on Tuesday afternoon, a mosque was vandalised in the Shahadra area. Widely shared footage showed men trying to rip the crescent from the top of the minaret. Where is the violence? It broke out in three Muslim-majority areas in north-east Delhi on Sunday and has continued since. Protesters are split along religious lines, and each side blames the other for starting the clashes. But the violence has been linked to a BJP leader, Kapil Mishra, who had threatened a group of protesters staging a sit-in against the CAA over the weekend, telling them that they would be forcibly evicted once Mr Trump left India. Delhi police spokesman MS Randhawa told reporters that the situation was under control and a "sufficient number of policemen" had been deployed. However, BBC reporters in the area said that mobs continued to chant slogans and throw stones. Mr Randhawa said police were deploying drones and scanning CCTV camera footage. He action would be taken against troublemakers. Orders that limit the gathering of four or more people have been imposed in the area. Eyewitnesses said they saw charred vehicles and streets full of stones in areas like Jaffrabad and Chand Bagh on Tuesday morning. Police were allowing people to enter only after checking their identity cards. Some metro stations have also been shut. Who are the dead and injured? Thirteen people have been killed in the violence, according to hospital officials. The dead include Muslims and Hindus, as well a police constable, Ratan Lal. Two journalists belonging to the NDTV news channel were badly beaten on Tuesday morning. Another reporter from a local channel called JK24x7 was shot at and wounded. Shahid Alvi, an auto rickshaw driver, died from a bullet injury he suffered during the protest. Another victim has been identified as Rahul Solanki. His brother, Rohit, told BBC Hindi that he died after being shot as he tried to escape from a mob. "He had gone out to buy groceries when he was suddenly surrounded. He was shot at point blank range. We tried taking him to four hospitals but we were turned away," he said. What are officials doing? Delhi's newly re-elected chief minister, Arvind Kejriwal, called on the federal government to restore order. "There are not enough police on the streets. Local police are saying they are not getting orders from above to control the situation," he told reporters. The capital's police force reports directly to Mr Modi's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led government, rather than to Mr Kejriwal's administration. What is the citizenship act about? The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) grants amnesty to non-Muslim immigrants from three nearby Muslim-majority countries - Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It has raised fears that India's secular status is at risk, and critics say it discriminates against Muslims. Mr Modi's government denies this, and has said it only seeks to give amnesty to persecuted minorities. But hundreds of thousands of people across India, both Muslim and Hindu, have taken part in protests against the law. Some of the most high-profile protests, such as a continuing sit-in in Delhi's Shaheen Bagh area, have been led by Muslims.

গত কয়েকদিন ধরে, দিল্লি কয়েক দশকের মধ্যে সবচেয়ে মারাত্মক সহিংসতা প্রত্যক্ষ করেছে। ভারতের রাজধানীতে এখন পর্যন্ত নিহত হয়েছেন অন্তত ৩৪ জন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

He took his camera into the streets to document the fury of thousands of students fed up with unsafe roads after two children were killed by a speeding bus. His partner, Rahnuma Ahmed, wrote that he was "inspired by the youth of our country, who have refused to be cowed down by state terror". But Mr Alam, who criticised the government's handling of the demonstrations on international television and Facebook, has been accused of spreading false information. He is being investigated under controversial internet laws. Human rights monitors say the protests have been followed by a wave of detentions targeting dozens of critics. Mr Alam, 63, says he has been beaten in custody, and international human rights organisations have joined a roster of global artists and writers, including hundreds of photographers, in demanding his release. For decades he has used his camera to chronicle events in Bangladesh and his pictures have been published widely in leading newspapers and magazines. As the founder of the Drik picture agency and a respected photography school, Shahidul Alam is also credited with nurturing a generation of Bangladeshi photographers. The struggle for democracy In the late 1980s, Bangladesh entered a period of turmoil. It was roiled by mass demonstrations, strikes and unrest which eventually led to a political transition and end to the authoritarian rule of General Hussain Muhammad Ershad in late 1990. Shahidul Alam recorded the dramatic events in his pictures, from protests and violent clashes with the police to the country's first free and fair election in 1991. One of the most well-known activists of the struggle against President Ershad was Noor Hossain. He was killed by the police during one of the 1987 protests and is remembered as a martyr of the pro-democracy struggle. In late November 1987, soon after Mr Hossain's death and ahead of a planned 72-hour strike, the government declared a state of emergency. But in 1990, the opposition groups united and began a concerted push to oust Gen Ershad. On the night of 4 December 1990, the president finally agreed to step down. The headline in the New York Times was "Revolution brings Bangladesh hope". Shahidul Alam captured jubilant scenes in the streets of Dhaka, the capital. In 1991, the country saw its first free election and millions went to polling stations to cast their votes. The photographer was there to mark a pivotal turning point in Bangladeshi history. 'Crossfire' killings But Mr Alam was not only a chronicler of Bangladesh's troubled politics. He also reported on the more recent and highly controversial crackdown on crime by the country's special police force, the Rapid Action Battalion. Activists in the country, as well as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have condemned alleged extrajudicial killings, demanding investigations into the hundreds of deaths attributed to the force. When the photographer put together his moving exhibition, Crossfire, about the controversial deaths, police showed up and shut down his gallery. The censorship led in turn to protests and an outburst of public support for Mr Alam. The photos didn't so much focus on documenting the actual killings but showed the settings and context of where the victims were murdered or found. Floods and cyclones Another focus of Mr Alam's photography has been the country's many natural disasters. Floods and cyclones have repeatedly wreaked havoc on cities, crops and livelihoods, killing many and displacing many more. In 1988, Bangladesh was hit by one of the worst floods in its history. A devastating cyclone then made the flooding even worse. Around 60% of the country was flooded, including large parts of the capital Dhaka. Tens of millions were made homeless. All pictures copyright.

বাংলাদেশের সুপরিচিত ফটোগ্রাফার এবং অ্যাকটিভিস্ট শহিদুল আলম এখন কারাগারে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Nina NazarovaBBC Russian Service But as she lands he texts to say that, due to unforeseen work commitments, a friend will be picking her up instead. So far, so normal. Later, as Anastasia is approaching her apartment building in the friend's car, a minibus with blacked-out windows screeches into their path. Armed men in masks jump out and take her driver friend away. Anastasia is led to the back of the car she was travelling in. The men begin rifling through her things in the boot and discover a small packet full of white powder. Surrounded by men clad in black special ops uniforms, a female plain-clothes detective turns to her: "You're suspected of supplying banned substances." The colour in Anastasia's face swiftly drains away. "You must be mistaken. That's not mine," she says, smiling nervously. "Then whose is it? Enough of the games!" a man barks. The questions continue, until the man opens the packet to reveal a small pink box. "And what's this?" he asks. "No idea!" she replies, her voice breaking. Suddenly the man gets down on one knee, rips off his mask and shouts: "Marry me!" It's Sergei, and it turns out he's the only one here who actually works in law enforcement. The others work for an "extreme proposal" service - part of an industry established in Russia in recent years. Sergei's driver friend was in on the secret - he pretended to be frightened when the masked men stopped them. Expensive 'treat' Extreme proposals can cost as little as 700 roubles (£8.70; $10.50) for a half-hour photo session with a "member of the security forces", to around 60,000 roubles (£745; $900) for a full security forces show. Sergei's extreme proposal set him back 30,000 roubles. He had considered approaching real law enforcement colleagues, and had approached people from the Federal Security Service (FSB), but they turned him down - something he's now relieved about. "People from work could go over the top and break something: they can be scary!" Spetsnaz (special ops) Show creator Sergei Rodkin says there is no upper limit on the price if clients really want to get carried away. The 36-year-old businessman says he used to organise the shows for free back in 2010 for friends. "Things gradually got bigger, and a year later we started doing it for money," he tells the BBC. The first extreme proposals came in 2014. By 2015, several franchises of Spetsnaz Show had been set up around Russia. Now there are 14 of them - and competitors have also set up shop. You might also like: Taste for realism Among the actors are former police offers and ex-military personnel, to lend authenticity to the performances. They work part-time as there is not enough demand yet for it to be their full-time job. Sergei says his clients always want the same drug-bust routine. "They've got no imagination! They all want special ops, armed arrest, drugs," he gripes. A recent, very real case involved police alleging they had found drugs on Russian investigative journalist Ivan Golunov. At the time, the journalist insisted that the drugs were planted on him by the officers involved. He was soon released after police dropped the charges against him, due to lack of evidence. Psychologist Polina Soldatova says the appearance of Spetsnaz Shows and other extreme engagements are a testament to the role of police officers in Russians' everyday lives. "Humour is a way for society to respond to what is happening with it," she tells the BBC. "These pranks… are a way of accepting the fact that the security forces can always come for you. People need a way to reconcile themselves with this reality." Anastasia says she wasn't angry with Sergei for long, but that the affair was an initial shock for her. "It was really scary. Nothing like that had ever happened to me before". Sergei asks her if she knows how many years in jail she would have faced had the drug bust been real. "Up to 20 years for that amount of drugs," he says. And in reality, not everyone sees the funny side of such extreme proposals. Alexander from Penza says his would-be fiancée was reduced to tears when she was on the receiving end of one of these "shows". She accused him of trying to give her a heart attack. Yulia from Ryazan reacted with less polite language when her husband organised an extreme surprise to mark her 30th birthday. She also swiped him round the head with the bouquet of flowers she'd just been given. Polina Soldatova, the psychologist, says the only people who get to enjoy the experience are those in the position of power. "The would-be fiancées laugh and smile out of relief that the men aren't real cops," she says. "There's nothing funny for those who are subjected to stress and then made to be thankful for having such a creative partner." In fact, the BBC has seen videos of "shows", made by regional Spetsnaz Show affiliates, in which people are handcuffed, forced to the ground with their heads pushed down, searched, or pushed up against the bonnet of a car. Soldatova says these are forms of violence and humiliation that leave the person prepared to do anything to distance themselves from the scene, and that includes by accepting their partner's proposal. But Sergei says that in the five years his Moscow branch has been operating, only one would-be fiancée has turned their partner down.

সেইন্ট পিটার্সবার্গ বিমানবন্দরে বিমান থেকে নেমে প্রেমিকের জন্য অপেক্ষা করছিলেন আনাস্তাসিয়া।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern described it as a terrorist attack and one of New Zealand's "darkest days". A gunman identifying himself as an Australian live-streamed the rampage at Al Noor mosque to Facebook. He had espoused racist, anti-immigrant views. Police say a man in his late 20s has been arrested and charged with murder. Two other men and one woman were also detained. No names have been made public. Firearms and explosive devices were recovered, Police Commissioner Mike Bush said. The gunman live-streaming the attack from a head-mounted camera said he was a 28-year-old Australian called Brenton Tarrant. The footage showed him firing at men, women and children from close range inside the Al Noor mosque. Facebook said it had removed the suspect's Facebook and Instagram accounts and was working to remove any copies of the footage. The live-stream of the attack lasted for 17 minutes. The suspect who was charged appeared to have published a document online outlining his intentions as well as details about the plan for the attack. He is due in court on Saturday. Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison described the man as an "extremist, right-wing" terrorist. New Zealand Police Commissioner Bush confirmed that the man had not been known in advance to either New Zealand or Australian security services. How events unfolded The first report of an attack came from the Al Noor mosque in central Christchurch at 13:40 on Friday (00:40 GMT). A gunman drove to the front door, entered and fired indiscriminately for about five minutes. One unnamed survivor told TV New Zealand that he had seen the gunman shoot a man in the chest. The attacker reportedly targeted the men's prayer room in the mosque, then moved to the women's room. "What I did was basically just waiting and praying, God please, let this guy run out of bullets," the witness said. "He came to this side, he shot this side, he went to another room and went to the ladies' section and shot them. I just heard one of the ladies has died." The gunman is then said to have driven about 5km (three miles) to another mosque in the suburb of Linwood where the second shooting occurred. One witness described how one of the worshippers had managed to disarm the man, who ran to a waiting car outside. It is not clear where the arrests were made. Police also defused "a number of IEDs [improvised explosive devices] attached to vehicles", Mr Bush said. Mr Bush said a number of firearms had been recovered from both mosques, and explosive devices were found in a car belonging to one of the suspects. Authorities advised all mosques in the city to shut down until further notice. According to the latest census figures, Muslims make up about 1.1% of New Zealand's population of 4.25 million. Numbers rose sharply as New Zealand took in refugees from various war-torn countries since the 1990s. The main suspect Social media accounts in the name of Brenton Tarrant were used to post a lengthy, racist document in which the author identified the mosques that were later attacked. The man says he began planning an attack after visiting Europe in 2017 and being angered by events there. The document is called "The Great Replacement" - a phrase that originated in France and has become a rallying cry for European anti-immigration extremists. Although New Zealand police said they had charged a man in his late 20s with murder, they did not identify the man. Cricket team escapes attack The attack happened as players from the visiting Bangladesh national cricket team were on their way to pray at Al Noor mosque. They were "minutes" from being inside, team manager Khaled Mashud told the BBC. Bangladesh was due to play New Zealand on Saturday but the match has been cancelled. He added that the team were all "safe and sound" at their hotel but would travel home "in the coming days". "Players were crying in the bus, they all were mentally affected," the former wicketkeeper said. Global reaction "It is clear that this can now only be described as a terrorist attack," Prime Minister Ardern told reporters. In a tweet, she said: "What has happened in Christchurch is an extraordinary act of unprecedented violence. It has no place in New Zealand. Many of those affected will be members of our migrant communities - New Zealand is their home - they are us." US President Donald Trump offered his "warmest sympathy and best wishes" to New Zealand. "The US stands by New Zealand for anything we can do. God bless all!" he wrote. UK Prime Minister Theresa May offered her "deepest condolences to the people of New Zealand". The Queen said she was "deeply saddened by the appalling events in Christchurch today. Prince Philip and I send our condolences". Pope Francis offered his "heartfelt solidarity" and was "deeply saddened to learn of the injury and loss of life caused by the senseless acts of violence", Vatican Secretary of State Pietro Parolin said in a telegram. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said she mourned "with New Zealanders for their fellow citizens who were attacked and murdered out of racist hatred while peacefully praying in their mosques". And French President Emmanuel Macron called it an "odious attack" and said France stood "against any form of extremism".

নিউজিল্যান্ডের ক্রাইস্টচার্চের দুটো মসজিদে বন্দুকধারীর হামলায় ৪৯ জন নিহত হয়েছে বলে পুলিশ জানিয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Frank GardnerBBC security correspondent That's the broad conclusion reached by around half of all those questioned in the poll conducted jointly by the polling research group YouGov and the Saudi-owned newspaper Arab News. A further 40% thought Joe Biden would be better for the region, while only 12% preferred President Trump. The poll was conducted online last month across 18 countries under the heading of What do Arabs Want? Just over 3,000 people took part. Neither the incumbent Donald Trump nor his Democratic Party challenger Joe Biden emerge as being popular candidates. But Mr Biden comes out slightly better, partly due to the unpopularity of President Trump's decision in December 2017 to move the US embassy in Israel to Jerusalem, something opposed by 89% of those polled. However, the incumbent fared rather better in Iraq and Yemen, where majorities approved of his tough posture towards Iran, including sanctions. Some 57% of Iraqi respondents said they approved of the US decision to assassinate the Iranian Revolutionary Guards leader General Qasem Soleimani earlier this year while exactly the same percentage in Syria opposed it. Fresh approach Given Mr Biden's previous eight years in the White House serving under President Obama, from 2009-2017, respondents were asked what they thought of that administration. Again, they were less than enthusiastic, with a majority of those polled saying they believed President Obama had left the region worse off and hoped Joe Biden, if elected, would distance himself from his former president's policies. It should be pointed out here that while there is no suggestion of interference in the poll, the partner for it is the Riyadh-based Arab News in Saudi Arabia, where the media operates within approved government editorial guidelines. Saudi Arabia is the regional rival to Iran and the Saudi leadership never forgave President Obama for reaching the 2015 nuclear deal with Tehran. The deal, which President Trump later withdrew from, released billions of dollars in frozen bank accounts in exchange for stringent nuclear inspections. Critics of the agreement, including the Saudi leadership, maintain that instead of using that money to improve living standards, Iran's powerful security establishment appropriated much of the money to fund ballistic missile programmes, covert special operations in the Gulf and an aggressive, expansive policy across the Middle East. Surprisingly perhaps, given the Palestinians' historic mistrust of US policy towards Israel, the poll results showed a desire amongst Palestinians polled for greater US involvement in securing a peace deal. The poll was conducted shortly after the UAE surprised many by signing a normalisation deal with Israel. Priorities US immigration policy featured in the poll, with around 75% of respondents hoping the next White House administration will make it easier for Arabs to visit the US. Recent reports have indicated a high proportion of young Arabs wanting to emigrate out of the region, notably from Lebanon where corruption and economic collapse have led to despair amongst many. On the need for the US to confront radical Islamist extremism, only 24% said this should be a priority, compared to 44% who named resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict and 37% who mentioned containing the Coronavirus. The perennial issues of poor governance and economic mismanagement - which helped fuel the Arab Spring protests of 2011 - also featured prominently in people's concerns.

আরব দেশগুলোতে চালানো সাম্প্রতিক জরিপের ফলাফলে বেরিয়ে এসেছে যে আমেরিকার প্রেসিডেন্ট হিসাবে ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বা জো বাইডেন - কেউই মধ্যপ্রাচ্য এবং উত্তর আফ্রিকার জন্য ভাল হবেন না।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Since then Harry has followed in his mother's footsteps, doing charity work across the globe. He has got married and become a father. Now he and the Duchess of Sussex will begin a new chapter: giving up their royal duties, HRH titles and public funding, and - it is expected - spending most of their time in Canada. Harry has tried to balance his public and private lives. At times, the publicity that comes with being sixth in line to the throne has helped him to bolster support for his charitable endeavours. But there have also been times when that attention has become too much, and he has fought fiercely for his family's privacy. Young life Born at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, on 15 September 1984, the prince was christened Henry Charles Albert David by the Archbishop of Canterbury in December of that year in St George's Chapel, Windsor. But it was officially announced from the start of his life that he would be known as Harry. The prince's childhood was cut short when his mother died in 1997. Princess Diana was killed in a crash in Paris, aged 36, as the car she was in sped through a tunnel followed by paparazzi photographers. Her death shook royal fans the world over, but it was 12-year-old Harry and 15-year-old William whose lives changed forever. The funeral, which featured the image of the boys walking behind their mother's hearse to attend the service at Westminster Abbey, remains one of the most-watched programmes on the BBC. "I can safely say that losing my mum at the age of 12, and therefore shutting down all of my emotions for the last 20 years, has had a quite serious effect on not only my personal life but my work as well," the prince said in an interview with the Daily Telegraph in 2017. He added: "I have probably been very close to a complete breakdown on numerous occasions when all sorts of grief and all sorts of lies and misconceptions and everything are coming to you from every angle." The prince followed the educational path of his older brother William, at Wetherby School in Notting Hill, before entering Eton in 1998. After leaving Eton with two A-levels in 2003, Harry took a gap year. He worked on a sheep farm in Australia and with Aids orphans in Lesotho, paving the way for the charity he later set up there. Life in the spotlight Attention from the press has been a constant in Harry's life. The front page of a 2002 edition of the (now defunct) News of the World roared: "Harry's drugs shame", and claimed Prince Charles sent his son to visit a rehab clinic as punishment for smoking cannabis. St James's Palace confirmed the then 17-year-old had "experimented with the drug on several occasions" but said the use was not "regular". Then in October 2004, there was a scuffle with a photographer outside a club. A royal spokesman said at the time the 20-year-old prince was hit in the face by a camera "when photographers crowded around him". When Harry pushed the camera away, "it's understood that a photographer's lip was cut", the spokesman added. The following year, an image of the prince dressed as a Nazi at a fancy dress party sparked outrage. Clarence House later said the prince had apologised for any "offence or embarrassment" caused and had realised "it was a poor choice of costume". And in 2009, video footage emerged of Harry using offensive language to describe an Asian member of his Army platoon. St James's Palace said the prince was "extremely sorry for any offence his words might cause" but said he had "used the term without any malice and as a nickname about a highly popular member of his platoon". Harry enjoyed lighter-hearted press coverage during the London 2012 Olympic Games, in his role as an Olympic ambassador. In the same year he spent a lot of time in front of the cameras for the Queen's Jubilee. As part of those celebrations Harry completed his first royal solo tour overseas with visits to Belize, the Bahamas, Brazil and Jamaica. However, that August, photos emerged of the prince and a young woman naked in a Las Vegas hotel room. The two photos, published on US gossip website TMZ and later in the Sun newspaper, were taken on a private break with friends, with the site reporting the prince was in a group playing "strip billiards". He later said he had "probably let myself down" but added: "I was in a private area and there should have been a certain amount of privacy that one should expect." There is, however, a saving grace to the scrapes Harry has found himself in. As the younger brother to the expected future king, Harry has relatively little responsibility. Like the Queen's sister, Princess Margaret, and Prince Charles's younger siblings, Harry is a "spare to the heir" - and a world away from the throne. So Harry's indiscretions have done little to dent public opinion of him. And he has perhaps had a freer existence because of it; security worries would have made active service in Afghanistan impossible for his older brother, for example. Army and charity Harry spent 10 years in the armed forces, becoming the first royal in more than 25 years to serve in a war zone. He was left disappointed in 2007 when Army chiefs decided not to send him to Iraq because of "unacceptable risks", but later spent 10 weeks serving in Afghanistan in 2008. Harry returned to the country as an Apache helicopter pilot from September 2012 to January 2013, before qualifying as an Apache commander in July 2013. He later described how he had shot at Taliban insurgents, and said that being in Afghanistan was "as normal as it's going to get" for him. When he announced he would be leaving the Army in 2015, the prince said his time in the military would "stay with me for the rest of my life". This is reflected in his charity work, which mostly concentrates on mental health and helping service veterans. Harry's most notable charity work so far is his founding and chairing of the Invictus Games in 2014. The Paralympic-style international competition for injured ex-service personnel has been held in London, Orlando, Toronto and Sydney. He has also supported the charity Walking With the Wounded, for injured veterans. The prince's other charity work includes supporting conservation projects in Africa and jointly founding Sentebale, a charity to help orphans in Lesotho. He has continued his mother's work helping children affected by HIV and Aids, and supporting the Halo Trust's work in clearing landmines. Diana captured global attention when she walked through a live minefield in central Angola in 1997. She died in Paris later that year, before seeing the full impact of her visit - such as the signing of an international treaty to outlaw the weapons - but Harry highlighted her achievements when he retraced her steps in September 2019. Tackling stigma In recent years, Harry has had counselling to help him deal with his mother's death. He was best man at his brother William's wedding in April 2011, and has since spoken of how hard it was not to have Diana there. In a candid interview with the Daily Telegraph, he described shutting down all of his emotions for nearly 20 years and refusing to thinking about his mother. This, he said, had a "quite serious effect" on his personal life and his work, and brought him close to a breakdown "on numerous occasions". He also said he would probably regret "for the rest of his life" how brief his last phone call with his mother was, and spoke of her "fun" parenting. She was a "total kid through and through", he said. Harry, William and the Duchess of Cambridge joined forces to focus their campaigning efforts on mental health. They founded Heads Together, which aims to tackle stigma and fundraise for new support services. 'Beautiful surprise' As one of the world's most high-profile bachelors, Harry's love life has drawn much interest over the years. In late 2016, he confirmed a new relationship with US actor, Meghan Markle, while issuing a statement accusing journalists of harassing her. He described "nightly legal battles to keep defamatory stories out of papers", attempts by reporters and photographers to get into her home and the "bombardment" of nearly every friend and loved one in her life. The pair had met on a blind date, organised by a mutual friend. Then after just two dates, they went on holiday together to Botswana. In September 2017, the year before their wedding, Meghan told Vanity Fair magazine she and Harry were "two people who are really happy and in love". And in an interview that November, when their engagement was announced, Harry admitted he had never heard of Meghan before his friend introduced them, and was "beautifully surprised". He designed the engagement ring for Meghan, including two diamonds from his mother's jewellery collection. The couple married in May 2018 at a ceremony at St George's Chapel in Windsor, and consequently became known as the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. On a 16-day tour of Australia that October, the duke and duchess announced they were expecting their first child, adding that they were happy to share the "personal joy" of their news. Baby Archie, described by Harry as "our own little bundle of joy", was born on 6 May 2019. The next chapter The duke's past year has been a rollercoaster ride of highs and lows. In March, he and his wife split their household office from that of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. In April, the launch of the Sussexes' Instagram account amassed more than one million followers in record-breaking time (five hours and 45 minutes). The joy of becoming parents was followed days later by news Harry had accepted damages and an apology from a paparazzi agency which had used a helicopter to take photographs of his home in the Cotswolds. In June, the Sussexes announced they would split from the charity they shared with the Cambridges - fuelling speculation of a rift between brothers Harry and William. A 10-day tour of Africa at the end of September 2019 started well. Harry raised awareness for causes close to his heart, and the couple introduced Archie to anti-apartheid campaigner Archbishop Desmond Tutu. But during the tour, the Duchess of Sussex launched legal action against the Mail on Sunday over a claim that it unlawfully published one of her private letters. In a lengthy statement Harry said "positive" coverage of the tour of Africa had exposed the "double standards" of the "press pack that has vilified [the duchess] almost daily for the past nine months". And in an ITV documentary, filmed during the tour and broadcast the following month, the duchess admitted she was struggling to adjust to royal life while the duke said his mental health was a matter of "constant management". Harry's charity work will no doubt continue. Buckingham Palace said he and Meghan will keep their "private patronages and associations". But much of the rest of his future - including where exactly he will live with his wife and son - is, for the moment, unclear.

গণমাধ্যমের স্পট লাইটে বেড়ে উঠেছেন ডিউক অব সাসেক্স- মায়ের মৃত্যুতে শোকাক্রান্ত রাজপরিবারের কিশোর সদস্য থেকে শুরু করে, পার্টি করে বেড়ানো তরুণ বয়স এবং তার সামরিক বাহিনীতে তার ক্যারিয়ার, সবই উঠে এসেছে সংবাদ শিরোনামে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

He urged fellow right-wingers not to back a deal after ultra-nationalist Naftali Bennett said he would form a coalition with a centrist party. Mr Netanyahu's opponents have until Wednesday to form a government. If they are successful, it would bring to an end the rule of the country's longest-serving prime minister. Mr Netanyahu, who faces serious corruption charges and could go to jail, fell short of a decisive majority at a general election in March. It was the country's fourth inconclusive vote in two years - and again he failed to secure coalition allies. But his opponents may only be able to form a minority government, propped up by Arab members of parliament. On Monday, the centrist opposition leader Yair Lapid warned that "many obstacles" remained before a unity government could be formed. "We'll have to overcome them together," he told journalists. "That's our first test - to see if we can find smart compromises in the coming days to achieve the greater goal." Tensions remain following the recent Gaza conflict, which also triggered inter-communal clashes in Israeli cities between Jews and Arabs. Some Arab politicians could be reluctant to back a government led by Mr Bennett, who is a staunch supporter of Jewish settlement in the Israeli-occupied West Bank - land Palestinians want for a future state. 'Fraud of the century' "Don't form a left-wing government - such a government is a danger to Israel's security and future," 71-year-old Mr Netanyahu, who has dominated Israeli politics for a generation, said on Sunday. Naming left-wing leaders who, he hinted, could weaken Israel's security cabinet, he asked: "What impact will that have on Israel's deterrent capability? How will we look to our enemies? What will they say in Iran and Gaza?" Mr Netanyahu accused Mr Bennett of "misleading the public" and of carrying out "the fraud of the century" - a reference to the Yamina party leader's previous public promises not to join forces with Mr Lapid. Mr Bennett, 49, earlier announced in a televised address that his party would join talks to form a unity government. "Mr Netanyahu is no longer trying to form a right-wing government because he knows full well that there isn't one. He is seeking to take the whole national camp, and the whole country, with him on his personal last stand," Mr Bennett said. "I will do everything to form a national unity government with my friend Yair Lapid." Before the announcement, Israeli media reported that under the proposed terms of the deal, Mr Bennett would replace Mr Netanyahu as prime minister and later give way to Mr Lapid, 57, in a rotation agreement. The arrangement has not been officially confirmed. The proposed coalition would bring together factions from the right, the left and the centre of Israeli politics. While the parties have little in common politically, they are united in their desire to see Mr Netanyahu's time in office come to an end. Mr Lapid, a former finance minister, was given until 2 June to form a new coalition government after Mr Netanyahu failed to do so. His Yesh Atid party came second to Mr Netanyahu's right-wing Likud at the last election. Netanyahu fights on After an evening of high political drama on Sunday, Israel is much closer to a new coalition that will unseat its long-time prime minister. But Benjamin Netanyahu should not be written off. He was quick to respond to the latest announcement with his own appeal to right-wing members of Naftali Bennett's Yamina party - and those of Gideon Saar's New Hope - not to join the agreement. He taunted them by asking "Who will take care of settlements?" and suggested the proposed unity government would offer a weak security cabinet that would be unable to stand up to Israel's rival, Iran. If he chips away just a couple of members of parliament with these attacks, then the prospective government could tumble. And even if this coalition does get sworn in, it will be a fragile one - bringing together parties from across the political spectrum with stark ideological differences. To stay in power, it will be forced to kick many sensitive issues into the long grass. On Saturday night, Mr Netanyahu's Likud party made an offer to Mr Bennett and the leader of another potential coalition party to share the premiership in a three-way split. His offer was rejected but the prime minister repeated the same option on Sunday. Under Israel's electoral system of proportional representation, it is difficult for a single party to gain enough seats to form a government outright. Smaller parties are usually needed to make up the numbers needed for a coalition. Mr Lapid was initially given a 28-day mandate to form a government but this was interrupted by the recent 11-day conflict in Gaza. One of his potential coalition partners, the Arab Islamist Raam party, broke off talks because of the violence.

ইসরায়েলের প্রধানমন্ত্রী বেনিয়ামিন নেতানিয়াহু হুঁশিয়ার করে বলেছেন যে, প্রস্তাবিত নতুন জোট সরকার দেশটির "নিরাপত্তার জন্য বিপজ্জনক" হতে পারে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

How did the genocide start? About 85% of Rwandans are Hutus but the Tutsi minority has long dominated the country. In 1959, the Hutus overthrew the Tutsi monarchy and tens of thousands of Tutsis fled to neighbouring countries, including Uganda. A group of Tutsi exiles formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which invaded Rwanda in 1990 and fighting continued until a 1993 peace deal was agreed. On the night of 6 April 1994 a plane carrying then-President Juvenal Habyarimana, and his counterpart Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi - both Hutus - was shot down, killing everyone on board. Hutu extremists blamed the RPF and immediately started a well-organised campaign of slaughter. The RPF said the plane had been shot down by Hutus to provide an excuse for the genocide. How was the genocide carried out? With meticulous organisation. Lists of government opponents were handed out to militias who went and killed them, along with all of their families. Neighbours killed neighbours and some husbands even killed their Tutsi wives, saying they would be killed if they refused. At the time, ID cards had people's ethnic group on them, so militias set up roadblocks where Tutsis were slaughtered, often with machetes which most Rwandans kept around the house. Thousands of Tutsi women were taken away and kept as sex slaves. Why was it so vicious? Rwanda has always been a tightly controlled society, organised like a pyramid from each district up to the top of government. The then-governing party, MRND, had a youth wing called the Interahamwe, which was turned into a militia to carry out the slaughter. Weapons and hit-lists were handed out to local groups, who knew exactly where to find their targets. The Hutu extremists set up a radio station, RTLM, and newspapers which circulated hate propaganda, urging people to "weed out the cockroaches" meaning kill the Tutsis. The names of prominent people to be killed were read out on radio. Even priests and nuns have been convicted of killing people, including some who sought shelter in churches. By the end of the 100-day killing spree, around 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus had been killed. Did anyone try to stop it? The UN and Belgium had forces in Rwanda but the UN mission was not given a mandate to stop the killing. A year after US troops were killed in Somalia, the US was determined not to get involved in another African conflict. The Belgians and most UN peacekeepers pulled out after 10 Belgian soldiers were killed. The French, who were allies of the Hutu government, sent a special force to evacuate their citizens and later set up a supposedly safe zone but were accused of not doing enough to stop the slaughter in that area. Paul Kagame, Rwanda's current president, has accused France of backing those who carried out the massacres - a charge denied by Paris. How did it end? The well-organised RPF, backed by Uganda's army, gradually seized more territory, until 4 July 1994, when its forces marched into the capital, Kigali. Some two million Hutus - both civilians and some of those involved in the genocide - then fled across the border into the Democratic Republic of Congo, at the time called Zaire, fearing revenge attacks. Others went to neighbouring Tanzania and Burundi. Human rights groups say RPF fighters killed thousands of Hutu civilians as they took power - and more after they went into DR Congo to pursue the Interahamwe. The RPF denies this. In DR Congo, thousands died from cholera, while aid groups were accused of letting much of their assistance fall into the hands of the Hutu militias. What happened in DR Congo? The RPF, now in power in Rwanda, embraced militias fighting both the Hutu militias and the Congolese army, which was aligned with the Hutus. The Rwanda-backed rebel groups eventually marched on DR Congo's capital, Kinshasa, and overthrew the government of Mobutu Sese Seko, installing Laurent Kabila as president. But the new president's reluctance to tackle Hutu militias led to a new war that dragged in six countries and led to the creation of numerous armed groups fighting for control of this mineral-rich country. An estimated five million people died as a result of the conflict which lasted until 2003, with some armed groups active until now in the areas near Rwanda's border. Has anyone faced justice? The International Criminal Court was set up in 2002, long after the Rwandan genocide so could not put on trial those responsible. Instead, the UN Security Council established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in the Tanzanian town of Arusha to prosecute the ringleaders. A total of 93 people were indicted and after lengthy and expensive trials, dozens of senior officials in the former regime were convicted of genocide - all of them Hutus. Within Rwanda, community courts, known as gacaca, were created to speed up the prosecution of hundreds of thousands of genocide suspects awaiting trial. Correspondents say up to 10,000 people died in prison before they could be brought to justice. For a decade until 2012, 12,000 gacaca courts met once a week in villages across the country, often outdoors in a marketplace or under a tree, trying more than 1.2 million cases. Their aim was to achieve truth, justice and reconciliation among Rwandans as "gacaca" means to sit down and discuss an issue. What is Rwanda like now? President Kagame has been hailed for transforming the tiny, devastated country he took over through policies which encouraged rapid economic growth. He has also tried to turn Rwanda into a technological hub and is very active on Twitter. But his critics say he does not tolerate dissent and several opponents have met unexplained deaths, both in the country and abroad. The genocide is obviously still a hugely sensitive issue in Rwanda, and it is illegal to talk about ethnicity. The government says this is to prevent hate speech and more bloodshed but some say it prevents true reconciliation. Charges of stirring up ethnic hatred have been levelled against some of Mr Kagame's critics, which they say is a way of sidelining them. He won a third term in office in the most recent election in 2017 with 98.63% of the vote. All photographs belong to the copyright holders as marked

পঁচিশ বছর আগে ১৯৯৪ সালে মাত্র ১০০ দিনের মধ্যে রোয়ান্ডায় ৮ লাখ মানুষ হত্যা করেছিল হুতু চরমপন্থীরা। তাদের শিকার ছিল সংখ্যালঘু টুটসি সম্প্রদায়ের মানুষজন, যারা ছিল তাদের রাজনৈতিক প্রতিপক্ষও।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Anahita Shams & Reality Check teamBBC News This is disputed by Washington. "The United States exempts medicine and medical devices for the Iranian people from US sanctions," says Brian Hook, the American special representative for Iran. So how are sanctions affecting access to medicines in Iran? What medicines does Iran import? Iran produces most of its own basic pharmaceuticals - but when it comes to the most advanced medicines, it relies heavily on imports. It's estimated that although only about 4% of its medicines come from abroad in terms of volume, the more expensive imported drugs make up about a third of the total value. There is only limited data on drug imports and prices paid inside Iran but anecdotal evidence can give some idea of the situation. The BBC's Persian Service has heard from its audience about rising costs of medicines. A sufferer of Crohn's disease described the difficulties of accessing vital drugs. "I have to travel to other towns and cities to check if their pharmacies have the drugs," they said. "Some of them do but the prices are so high that I cannot afford them." The BBC also spoke to a pharmaceutical importer from inside Iran who said the past two years had brought shortages and price rises. Drugs for anaesthetics, cancer-treatment and diabetes were particularly hard to find, they said. In the past 12 months, the cost of health and medical services rose by 19%, according to official Iranian statistics. But these shortages and price increases could be for many reasons, not only as a consequence of sanctions against Iran. How do the sanctions work? International sanctions were lifted in 2016 following an agreement with Iran over its nuclear programme, but in November 2018 the United States reinstated "the toughest ever" sanctions on Iranian industry and banks. It threatened heavy punishment and exclusion from the US financial system for foreign companies seeking to circumvent these restrictions. However, exporters of humanitarian supplies such as medicines and medical devices - and the companies facilitating this trade - should not be punished by the US for doing business with Tehran. "The problem is that you need to find banks willing to keep open the business lines and compliance functions to process those transactions," says Richard Nephew, an expert on US sanctions. "Often, they're seen as not worth the headache... so there is a practical problem in getting banks to do it. But can they? Sure." Also, not all medicines or medical devices qualify for the exemption. "Trading humanitarian goods and processing payments with Iran remains complex," says Justine Walker, director of sanctions policy at UK Finance, which represents British banks. "Legally, medicines are not prohibited under sanctions. However, they do become prohibited if they are found to be going to a designated actor or entity." These include Iran's major banks. Are medicines reaching Iran? Official Iranian figures seen by BBC News show a snapshot of the past 16 months of overall Iranian imports of medical drugs and devices. These imports reached a peak of $176m (£145m) in September 2018, then fell significantly. By June 2019, imports of medical supplies had fallen by 60% to about $67m. This fall coincides with the imposition of US sanctions but the data is limited and it's not possible to say with any certainty that sanctions are responsible. There is also data available from the EU, a key trading partner with Iran. Since sanctions were imposed in November last year, medical and pharmaceutical sales to Iran fell at first before rising slightly in May. This followed a period when trade in medical supplies fluctuated, reaching a peak in 2016 (when international sanctions were lifted) and then falling in the following two years. Is trading with Iran risky? Navigating new regulations and incurring extra costs, for example by changing banks, makes trade with Iran "daunting for smaller firms", says Esfandyar Batmanghelidj, founder of Bourse & Bazaar, which tracks Iran's economy. The lack of foreign currency inside Iran and the volatility of the Iranian currency also make imports more expensive. Iran has been calling for the urgent implementation of a proposed European plan to support companies wishing to bypass US financial restrictions. But this has proven complex and politically difficult to implement. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

ইরান বলছেন চিকিৎসা সামগ্রী বিশেষ ছাড় পাওয়ার কথা থাকলেও নিষেধাজ্ঞার কারণে জীবন রক্ষাকারী ঔষধ পাচ্ছেনা তারা।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The sanctions target 10 individuals, including Myanmar's acting president, and three companies. Steps are also being taken to block access by the military to $1bn (£720m) of government funds held in the US. The sanctions come as a woman who was shot in the head during protests against the coup fights for her life at a hospital in the capital Nay Pyi Taw. Mya Thwe Thwe Khaing was hurt on Tuesday when police tried to disperse protesters using water cannon, rubber bullets and live rounds. The wound was consistent with one from live ammunition, rights groups say. Tens of thousands have turned out in street protests against last week's coup, which overthrew Aung San Suu Kyi's democratically elected government in the South East Asian country - also known as Burma - despite a recent ban on large gatherings and a night curfew. There have been reports of other serious injuries as police have increased their use of force, but no deaths so far. What is Mr Biden demanding? Mr Biden called for the coup to be reversed and for the release of civilian leaders including Ms Suu Kyi. "The people of Burma are making their voices heard and the world is watching," he said, vowing to take further action if needed. "As protests grow, violence against those exerting their democratic rights is unacceptable and we're going to keep calling it out," he added. On Thursday the US Treasury released a list of eight new targets of its sanctions, which included Myanmar's acting president Myint Swe, home affairs minister Soe Htut, and defence minister Sein Win. It also named three companies in the jade and gems sector. Two other Myanmar military leaders had already been blacklisted over atrocities against Rohingya Muslims, and have had their sanctions updated in reaction to the coup. "We're also going to impose strong exports controls. We're freezing US assets that benefit the Burmese government, while maintaining our support for health care, civil society groups, and other areas that benefit the people of Burma directly," Mr Biden said. This is Mr Biden's first use of sanctions since he took office last month. What's the latest from Myanmar? The military have been conducting raids and making more arrests amid continuing protests and demonstrations. Among those held was one of Ms Suu Kyi's most senior advisers. Her National League for Democracy (NLD) party said Kyaw Tint Swe and four others were arrested overnight. Other arrests included local government officials and officials working for the election commission, which has refused to back the military's allegations of widespread electoral fraud in the November election which swept Ms Suu Kyi's NLD to power. Meanwhile, Mya Thwe Thwe Khaing is still in intensive care in the capital. She turns 20 today. Her sister, Mya Tha Toe Nwe, who was also at the protest, said the chances of her sister surviving are slim. "It's heart breaking," she said. "We only have our mother, our dad is already dead. "I'm the eldest of four siblings, she's the youngest. I can't comfort mum, we have no words." Previous protests against the country's decades-long military rule, in 1988 and 2007, saw large numbers of demonstrators killed by the security forces. At least 3,000 protesters died in 1988 and at least 30 people lost their lives in 2007. Thousands were imprisoned during both sets of events. Why are people protesting? The military seized control on 1 February following a general election which the NLD won by a landslide. The armed forces had backed the opposition, who were demanding a rerun of the vote, claiming widespread fraud. The coup was staged as a new session of parliament was set to open. Ms Suu Kyi is under house arrest and has been charged with possessing illegally imported walkie-talkies. Many other NLD officials have also been detained. Myanmar - the basics

মিয়ানমারের সেনা অভ্যুত্থানের নেতাদের উপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা আরোপের নির্বাহী আদেশকে অনুমোদন দিয়েছেন মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট জো বাইডেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

He said economic pressure would be maintained unless the leadership in Tehran changed course. "We're putting additional sanctions on," he told reporters. "In [some] cases we are moving rapidly." It comes after Iran announced it would exceed internationally agreed limits on its nuclear programme. The limit on its stockpile of enriched uranium was set under a 2015 nuclear deal with world powers. In return, relevant sanctions were lifted, allowing Iran to resume oil exports - the government's main source of revenue. But the US pulled out of the deal last year and reinstated sanctions. This triggered an economic meltdown in Iran, pushing the value of its currency to record lows and driving away foreign investors. Iran has responded by scaling back its commitments under the nuclear deal. "If Iran wants to become a prosperous nation... it's OK with me," Mr Trump said. "But they're never going to do it if they think in five or six years they're going to have nuclear weapons." "Let's make Iran great again," he added, echoing his campaign slogan from the 2016 presidential election. In a later tweet, Mr Trump said the "major additional sanctions" would come into force on Monday. President Trump may have had second thoughts about carrying out a military strike against Iran, but he is set to toughen economic sanctions - the very policy that has helped bring the two countries to the brink of war. Iran's economy is suffering badly and it is threatening to breach some of the terms of the nuclear agreement it reached with the major powers. Mr Trump is also calling for negotiations with Iran. Earlier this month, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo offered talks with no conditions, save that Iran start behaving like "a normal nation". But Tehran dismissed this as "wordplay". Mr Trump's new sanctions will do nothing to reduce these tensions. A diplomatic "off-ramp" in this crisis seems as elusive as ever. How have US sanctions hit Iran? The reinstatement of US sanctions last year - particularly those imposed on the energy, shipping and financial sectors - caused foreign investment to dry up and hit oil exports. The sanctions bar US companies from trading with Iran, but also with foreign firms or countries that are dealing with Iran. This has led to shortages of imported goods and products that are made with raw materials from abroad, most notably babies' nappies. The plunging value of the rial has also affected the cost of locally produced staples such as meat and eggs, which have soared in price. Iran has responded to the economic pressure by violating some of the nuclear deal's commitments. It has also accused European countries of failing to live up to their promises of protecting Iran's economy from US sanctions. What is the bigger picture? President Trump's announcement that additional sanctions will be imposed on Iran comes at a time of escalating tensions between the two countries. On Thursday, an unmanned US drone was shot down by Iranian forces in the Gulf. Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) said the drone's downing was a "clear message" to the US that Iran's borders were "our red line". But US military officials maintain the drone was in international airspace over the Strait of Hormuz at the time. Amir Ali Hajizadeh, a high-ranking officer in the IRGC, said another military aircraft, carrying 35 passengers, had been flying close to the drone. "We could have shot down that one too, but we did not," he said. The shooting down of the drone followed accusations by the US that Iran had attacked two oil tankers with mines just outside the Strait of Hormuz. Mr Trump has said he does not want war with Iran, but warned it it would face "obliteration" if conflict broke out.

পরমাণু অস্ত্র কর্মসূচীতে বাধা দিতে ইরানের ওপর আরো 'গুরুতর' নিষেধাজ্ঞা আরোপ করার কথা বললেন মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Harry Farley BBC News During Ramadan many Muslims abstain from food and drink in daylight hours. Islamic teaching says Muslims should refrain "from anything entering the body" between sunrise and sunset. But Qari Asim, an imam in Leeds, said that because the vaccine goes into the muscle rather than the bloodstream and is not nutritious, it does not amount to breaking the fast. "The majority of the Islamic scholars are of the view that taking the vaccine during Ramadan will not invalidate the fast," Mr Asim, who chairs the Mosques and Imams National Advisory Board, told the BBC. He said his message to the Muslim community was: "If you are eligible for the vaccine and have received your invite, you need to ask yourself: do you take the vaccine which has proven to be effective or do you risk catching Covid, which can make you quite ill, and you may potentially miss the whole of Ramadan and possibly end up in hospital?" Some NHS vaccine sites in Nottingham and Brighton are extending their opening hours so Muslims can come after they have broken their fast. But Dr Farzana Hussain, a senior GP from The Surgery Project in east London, said there was no need to avoid daylight hours. "We know that a lot of Muslims are a bit concerned about having their Covid vaccination during Ramadan. Many people believe that having an injection actually breaks the fast," she said. "But it doesn't at all because it's not considered nutrition." She added: "The Quran says saving your life is the most important thing: 'To save one life is to save the whole of humanity.' It's a responsibility of a practising Muslim to take their vaccine." Some mosques are being used as vaccination centres in an effort to boost take up among minority communities. Polling from Ipsos Mori suggests a dramatic increase in ethnic minority Britons who say they have had, or are likely to have, the vaccine - from 77% in January to 92% in March. Ramadan, which is expected to begin on Monday evening after the sighting of the Moon over Mecca, is traditionally marked by regular communal prayers in mosques and shared meals - or Iftars - to break the fast after sunset. Although communal worship is allowed across the UK, social distancing must be enforced and different households cannot mix indoors. The British Islamic Medical Association (BIMA) has issued guidance for mosques during Ramadan. They recommend keeping Taraweeh - the main evening prayers - short, increasing ventilation, and say imams should wear "properly fitted double masks to protect congregants". Dr Shehla Imtiaz-Umer, a GP in Derby and representative of the BIMA, told the BBC: "We've seen a lot of devastation in our communities because of the Covid pandemic and we want to try and make sure that our future Ramadans are not affected to this extent. "Unfortunately it's been affected last year and this year. But if we carry on taking our vaccines and making sure that we're all protected, we can ensure that next Ramadan we do return to some normality."

ইসলামী শিক্ষাবিদ এবং যুক্তরাজ্যের জাতীয় স্বাস্থ্য সেবা বিভাগ বলছে, রমজানের সময়ে রোজা থাকলেও মুসলমানদের টিকা নেয়া থেকে বিরত থাকা উচিত হবে না।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

With US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo now - for the first time - calling China's territorial claims in the South China Sea unlawful, Alexander Neill examines China's plans to extend its reach in the region. The South China Sea, home to vital shipping lanes, has been a flashpoint for years, with several countries claiming ownership of its small islands and reefs and with it, access to resources. In recent years, China has been increasingly assertive over what it claims are its centuries-old claims to the contested region, and has been rapidly building up its military presence to back up those claims. Former Commander of US Pacific Command, Admiral Harry Harris once referred to this as the "Great Wall of Sand" - a "nine-dash line" creating a protective ring and supply network around Chinese territory at sea, as the wall did on land. But while China and the US have traded increasingly barbed comments over the South China Sea, broadly speaking, they had managed such differences. Despite their trade conflict, the US had avoided taking sides in China's territorial disputes with other countries - other than to demand freedom of movement for its vessels. Then, the Covid-19 pandemic hit. Criticism of China's early handling of the outbreak, led by the US, has enraged China. Many Western leaders appear to be persuaded by Mr Pompeo's argument that China was exploiting the pandemic to double-down on its coercive behaviour in general. And those rising tensions have been playing out in the South China Sea. Military tensions at a worrying time In early April, a Chinese Coast Guard vessel rammed and sank a Vietnamese fishing vessel close to the Paracel Islands, which China and Vietnam claim as theirs. Then, a Malaysian oil exploration project also found its operations disrupted off the coast of Borneo by a Chinese marine survey vessel, the Haiyang Dizhi 8, backed by China's Navy and Coast Guard. Consequently, the USS America, a US Navy amphibious assault ship, joined by an Australian frigate, was deployed to waters nearby. The escalation continued with the deployment of two US Navy guided missile destroyers, USS Bunker Hill and USS Barry to the Paracel and Spratly Islands (known as the Xisha and Nansha in Chinese) respectively. The warships conducted Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPs) aimed at challenging what the US views as a pattern of China's unlawful claims in international waters. Most recently, China closed off a swathe of sea space to conduct naval exercises in the waters surrounding the Paracel Islands. The US angrily said this violated Chinese commitments to avoid activities exacerbating disputes. Meanwhile, the US Navy deployed not one but two aircraft carrier strike groups - the USS Nimitz and USS Ronald Reagan - for joint operations in the region. In addition to the US Navy fighters conducting carrier operations and the P8-Poseidon Maritime Patrol Aircraft criss-crossing the sea, the US Air Force sent a B-52 strategic bomber for good measure. China's state media reacted with predictable vitriol. The US Navy's surge into the South China Sea increases the risk of an incident between the two rival powers and a rapid escalation in hostility. The situation is particularly dangerous in light of a recent pattern of increasing assertiveness by China over its "core concerns". Its recent use of lethal force on its disputed border with India, and the imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong, have prompted many to ask how restrained China is likely to be in its response to these challenges. What is China's South China Sea goal? Beijing views the South China Sea as a crucial part of its maritime territory, not only serving as a bastion for its seaborne nuclear deterrent based on Hainan island but also as a gateway for the Maritime Silk Road, part of China's Belt and Road Initiative. The South China Sea is critical, for example, for the future success of China's Greater Bay Area economic development plan, into which Hong Kong is incorporated. China's plan for populating the South China Sea was launched in 2012 when "Sansha City", the administrative centre for all Chinese-claimed features in the South China Sea on Woody Island in the Paracels, was upgraded from county to prefecture-level status. The government re-settled the small fishing community there into modern dwellings, built a primary school, a bank and a hospital and installed mobile communications. Tourists have been visiting on regularly scheduled cruises to the islands. The second phase of the plan was initiated in April this year, when China created two further county level administrative districts subordinate to Sansha City, including the establishment of Nansha District People's government, headquartered on Fiery Cross Reef and administering all the Chinese claimed features of the Spratly Islands. In the six years since China began reclamation of several reefs and atolls in the Spratlys, satellite and air surveillance has revealed one of the world's greatest feats in maritime engineering and military construction. In addition to the military facilities on the islands - including 3,000m runways, naval berths, hangars, reinforced ammunition bunkers, missile silos and radar sites - images show neatly arranged accommodation blocks, administrative buildings roofed with blue ceramic tiles, hospitals, and even sports complexes on the reclaimed islands, which have become visibly greener. Subi reef is now home to a farm - including a six-acre fruit and vegetable plot pollinated by bees imported from the mainland, a herd of pigs, flocks of poultry and fish ponds. Meanwhile, the China Academy of Sciences established an Oceanographic Research Centre on Mischief Reef in January 2019. China's top hydrologists have announced that the water table on Fiery Cross - once little more than a rock in the sea - has been expanding rapidly and will allow water self-sufficiency within 15 years (link in Chinese). The residents of the island already enjoy 5G mobile data access and availability of fresh fruit and vegetables shipped in refrigerated containers. Imagery also shows large fishing fleets moored in the larger lagoons on Subi and Mischief reef. Perhaps before too long, fishing families could be permanently housed on China's southernmost islands, their children schooled alongside those of party and government officials. An 'irreversibly' Chinese waterway? The most symbolic evidence of China's push into the South China Sea is quite literally set in stone - transplanted from mainland China. In April 2018, 200-tonne commemorative megaliths, erected on each of the three biggest island bases in the Spratly Islands were unveiled amid some secrecy. Quarried from Taishan stone and shipped to the Spratly islands, the monuments resonate with President Xi Jinping's China Dream of national rejuvenation. Mount Taishan is viewed as the most sacred of China's mountains, a symbol of unbroken Chinese civilisation for thousands of years. All of this shows China has moved into a second phase of a calculated plan to make this great strategic waterway of South East Asia an irreversibly Chinese one. The recent US Navy exercises in the South China Sea were aimed at demonstrating US resolve to protect the "freedom of the seas": for the US Navy to operate in and ultimately protect the seaspace across these international waters. Alongside the US Naval manoeuvres, Mr Pompeo's announcement formally stating that China's claims across the region are "completely unlawful" begs the question of what the US is prepared to do next. At a minimum, Mr Pompeo wants to build a diplomatic coalition to demonstrate China's self-isolation, not just with some of the other claimants but also along with bigger powers. The US could very rapidly reduce China's new Nansha district to concrete and coral rubble - but this would entail a war for which neither the US nor China has an appetite. Alexander Neill is a military analyst and director of a strategic advisory consultancy in Singapore

এবছরটা চীনের জন্য কঠিন সময়। এ পর্যন্ত, এ বছর চীনকে ইতোমধ্যেই যেসব বিষয়ে দৃষ্টি দিতে হয়েছে তার মধ্যে রয়েছে করোনাভাইরাস, আমেরিকার সাথে বাণিজ্য যুদ্ধ, হংকং-য়ে জাতীয় নিরাপত্তা আইন প্রণয়ন এবং নানা অর্থনৈতিক টালমাটাল। এসবের সাথে এখন যোগ হয়েছে বিতর্কিত দক্ষিণ চীন সাগর নিয়ে সম্প্রতি মাথা চাড়া দিয়ে ওঠা বড়ধরনের উত্তেজনা।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The 60 Minutes programme cited Mr Sisi as confirming the Egyptian military was working with Israel to combat jihadist militants in the Sinai peninsula. He also denied Egypt was detaining any political prisoners and defended a deadly crackdown on protesters in 2013. CBS says it was asked not to air the interview soon after it was recorded. There was no immediate response to the report from the Egyptian government. What did the president say? CBS did not provide a full transcript of the interview, but it said the retired field marshal was questioned about the crackdown launched after he led the military's overthrow of the democratically elected President Mohammed Morsi in July 2013. More than 900 people - most of them supporters of Morsi's now-banned Islamist movement, the Muslim Brotherhood - were killed as security forces cleared Rabaa al-Adawiya Square and Nahda Square in Cairo on 14 August 2013. Another 120 people died at Ramses Square two days later. Mr Sisi, who was serving defence minister at the time, was asked by CBS if he had given the order to fire on the protesters in Rabaa al-Adawiya Square. He replied: "There were thousands of armed people in the sit-in for more than 40 days. We tried every peaceful means to disperse them." Human Rights Watch has said few people were armed, and that the systematic nature of the killings suggested they were part of a policy to use lethal force, making them probably crimes against humanity. The president was also asked about reports by human rights activists that as many as 60,000 political opponents have probably been detained since 2013. "I don't know where they got that figure. I said there are no political prisoners in Egypt. Whenever there is a minority trying to impose their extremist ideology we have to intervene regardless of their numbers," Mr Sisi said. CBS said the president also "confirmed his military was working with Israel against terrorists in North Sinai", where attacks by an affiliate of the jihadist group Islamic State has left hundreds of security personnel and civilians dead. Asked if the co-operation with Israel was the "closest ever", Mr Sisi reportedly responded: "That is correct... We have a wide range of co-operation with the Israelis." Why would Egypt want the interview pulled? The 60 Minutes team was contacted by the Egyptian ambassador shortly after the interview was recorded and told it could not be aired, according to CBS. But the network refused and plans to broadcast the interview on Sunday night. CBS did not quote the ambassador, but it did say the questions about the crackdown on dissent "were not the kind of news [Mr Sisi's] government wanted broadcast". Mr Sisi's reported confirmation of military co-operation with Israel over North Sinai might also be controversial in Egypt. The two countries fought four wars before signing a peace treaty in 1979. In February, the New York Times reported that the president had approved a covert Israeli air campaign in North Sinai that had resulted in more than 100 strikes by unmarked drones, helicopters and jets. However, Egypt's military insisted at the time that only Egyptian security forces were confronting militants in the region and warned local media not to report "unreliable information". When asked about Mr Sisi's interview with CBS on Friday, an Israeli military spokesperson told the BBC: "We do not comment on foreign reports."

সিবিএস টেলিভিশন নেটওয়ার্ক জানিয়েছে মিসরের প্রেসিডেন্ট আব্দুল ফাত্তাহ আল-সিসি'র একটি সাক্ষাৎকার প্রচার না করার জন্য যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে নিযুক্ত মিসরীয় রাষ্ট্রদূতের অনুরোধ উপেক্ষা করেছে তারা।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

China has detained Uighurs at camps in the north-west region of Xinjiang, where allegations of torture, forced labour and sexual abuse have emerged. The sanctions were introduced as a coordinated effort by the European Union, UK, US and Canada. China responded with its own sanctions on European officials. It has denied the allegations of abuse, claiming the camps are "re-education" facilities used to combat terrorism. But UK Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab said the treatment of Uighurs amounted to "appalling violations of the most basic human rights". The EU has not imposed new sanctions on China over human rights abuses since the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown, when troops in Beijing opened fire on pro-democracy protesters. What do we know about the sanctions? The sanctions, including travel bans and asset freezes, target senior officials in Xinjiang who have been accused of serious human rights violations against Uighur Muslims. Those targeted have been named as: Mr Raab called the abuse of Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang "one of the worst human rights crises of our time". "I think it's clear that by acting with our partners - 30 of us in total - we are sending the clearest message to the Chinese government, that the international community will not turn a blind eye to such serious and systematic violations of basic human rights and that we will act in concert to hold those responsible to account," he told fellow parliamentarians. In a statement, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said China was committing "genocide and crimes against humanity". The US said it sanctioned Wang Junzheng and Chen Mingguo for their connection to "arbitrary detention and severe physical abuse, among other serious human rights abuses". Canada's foreign ministry said: "Mounting evidence points to systemic, state-led human rights violations by Chinese authorities." The sanctions came amid increasing international scrutiny over China's treatment of Uighurs. What is China accused of? More than a million Uighurs and other minorities are estimated to have been detained in camps in Xinjiang. Xinjiang lies in the north-west of China and is the country's biggest region. Like Tibet, it is autonomous, meaning - in theory - it has some powers of self-governance. But in practice, both face major restrictions by the central government. Uighurs living in the region speak their own language, similar to Turkish, and see themselves as culturally and ethnically close to Central Asian nations. The Chinese government has been accused of carrying out forced sterilisations on Uighur women and separating children from their families. A BBC investigation published in February contained first-hand testimony of systematic rape, sexual abuse and torture of detainees. One woman testified that women were removed from their cells "every night" and raped by one or more masked Chinese men. A former guard at one of the camps, who spoke on condition of anonymity, described torture and food deprivation of inmates. China has banned BBC World News television over coverage of the Uighur issue and coronavirus. The country initially denied the existence of the camps, before defending them as a necessary measure against terrorism. It has denied allegations of human rights abuses. How has China responded to the sanctions? China on Monday said the sanctions - initially announced by the EU - were "based on nothing but lies and disinformation". It said it would sanction 10 people and four entities in Europe "that severely harm China's sovereignty and interests and maliciously spread lies and disinformation" in response. Those affected by China's sanctions are barred from entering the country or doing business with it. German politician Reinhard Butikofer, who chairs the European Parliament's delegation to China, was among the most high profile officials on China's list. Adrian Zenz, a leading expert on China's policies in Xinjiang, and Swedish scholar Bjorn Jerden were also targeted. Mr Zenz has reported extensively on alleged abuses in Xinjiang. His report last year on the forced sterilisation of Uighurs prompted international calls for the United Nations to investigate. State media has called him an "infamous anti-China" figure, and accused him of spreading lies. Dutch lawmaker Sjoerd Sjoerdsma, who was put on China's sanctions list, said the retaliatory measures "prove that China is sensitive to pressure." "Let this be an encouragement to all my European colleagues: Speak out," he wrote on Twitter. You might also be interested in:

শিনজিয়াং অঞ্চলে উইঘুর মুসলিমদের মানবাধিকার লংঘনের জন্য বেশ কয়েকটি পশ্চিমা দেশ চীনের বিরুদ্ধে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আরোপের কথা ঘোষণা করেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Shruti MenonBBC Reality Check The government has urged people to have the vaccines, and to ignore "rumours and disinformation". Here's the truth behind some widely-shared claims. Claim: The vaccine will make you impotent A politician from the northern state of Uttar Pradesh recently claimed this - but offered no evidence at all. Ashutosh Sinha, of the opposition Samajwadi Party, has said: "I think the vaccine may contain something which can cause harm. You can become impotent, anything can happen." The party's leader, Akhilesh Yadav, has previously cast doubt about the jabs, describing them as the "BJP vaccine" - a reference to India's ruling party. But there is no proof that vaccines make you impotent, and these claims have been dubbed "absolute rubbish" by India's top drugs regulator. It has said that the vaccines are safe, although they may cause some side effects such as mild fever, and aches and pains. The country's Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan has also refuted the claim. This is not the first time impotency rumours have circulated around a vaccine programme in India. When the country was conducting its massive polio eradication drive several decades ago, some Indians were dissuaded from having a vaccine because of similar rumours. There was no truth to the claims then, and there's no evidence for them now either. Claim: Vaccines in the US and England will be expensive Another widely-shared, but inaccurate, claim compares India favourably with both the the US and England, saying that the vaccine is free in India, while in both the US and in England you will pay. One Twitter user posted that the US vaccine would cost 5,000 rupees (£50; $69) and in England it would cost 3,000 rupees, apparently to show India's vaccine programme in a more favourable light compared with those in the US and England. This was picked up and tweeted by a Hindi-language TV channel, ABP News, but then taken down. The figures are not at all accurate. The US federal government has said that Covid vaccines will be free, although there may be a charge for administering the jab. But many Americans would be able to cover this charge through various health insurance schemes, and those without insurance would be covered by a special Covid relief fund. So they will not need to pay. It's also incorrect about England, which is part of the UK's National Health Service, where there are no charges for vaccines. The service is funded through taxation, and healthcare is free to the patient. It's true that in its initial phase (which covers health workers and frontline staff), India's vaccination programme will be free of charge for those getting the jabs. The government has yet to clarify what happens after that. The Indian government has made special arrangements with vaccine suppliers to bring prices down, at least for the initial consignments. Claim: Covid vaccines in India contain pork Some Islamic scholars in India have said that no Muslim should have Covid vaccines, claiming that they could contain pork products. But neither of the two vaccines being rolled out in India has such products in them. Pork gelatine has sometimes been used as a stabiliser in vaccines for some diseases - and the consumption of pork products is forbidden in Islam. The issue gained a lot of traction on Twitter after a widely-shared post advising Muslims that Covid vaccines were not certified as "halal" (conforms to Islamic law) - although it didn't specify which particular vaccines. There's currently only two vaccines which have been granted approval in India - Covishield (the local name for the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine developed in the UK) and Covaxin, locally made by Bharat Biotech. Neither uses pork gelatine. Two other major Covid vaccines, produced by Pfizer and Moderna, are similarly free of pork gelatine. Some of the claims about vaccine ingredients refer to ones made by Chinese companies, but currently there is no Chinese vaccine approved for use in India. There have been controversies over Chinese vaccines in other countries, for example in Muslim-majority Indonesia where the local Islamic authorities decided the Chinese-produced Sinovac vaccine was allowed. Claim: The vaccine contains a microchip As in other parts of the world, conspiracy theories falsely claiming that the vaccines contain microchips have been doing the rounds on Indian social media. One short video shows a Muslim cleric saying that the vaccine has a chip in it which will control your mind. The video went viral on Facebook and Twitter earlier this month. Microchips aren't part of any vaccines, although this claim has cropped up repeatedly in conspiracy-minded groups around the world. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions

ভারতে গত ১৬ই জানুয়ারি থেকে করোনাভাইরাসের টিকা দেয়া শুরু হবার পর থেকেই সামাজিক মাধ্যমে এই টিকা নিয়ে নানা রকম গুজব ছড়াচ্ছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The group waved torches and chanted "White lives matter" as they marched through the Charlottesville university. There were clashes with counter-protesters, while the local mayor condemned the march as racist and a "parade of hatred". A larger "Unite the Right" rally is planned in the city on Saturday. The protesters are angered at the planned removal of a statue of General Robert E Lee from Charlottesville. Lee commanded forces of the pro-slavery Confederacy in the US Civil War. Protest organiser Jason Kessler, who has previously accused the town of "anti-white hatred", described the event as an "incredible moment for white people who've had it up to here and aren't going to take it anymore". The New York Times and Washington Post reported that the crowd chanted "You will not replace us" and "Jew will not replace us" during the event. Demonstrators held lit torches - which some observers described as a reference to the Ku Klux Klan - and chanted "blood and soil" and "one people, one nation, end immigration". The rally was met by a smaller group of counter protesters who had surrounded the university's statue of Thomas Jefferson, holding a banner that read "VA Students Act Against White Supremacy". At the scene: The BBC's Joel Gunter in Charlottesville The marchers were tightly organised. They gathered after dark at Nameless Field, where they lit their torches and formed into a line, which snaked out of the park and into the University of Virginia campus. Almost entirely white and male, and in their twenties and thirties, they chanted "You will not replace us", "Blood and soil", and "Our streets". They marched through the campus to the university's statue of Thomas Jefferson, where they were met by a small group of counter-protesters. One of the counter-protesters apparently sprayed pepper spray at the marchers and the two groups clashed violently. Police moved in and the marchers extinguished their torches, filling the hot air with acrid smoke. "The heat here is nothing compared to what you're going to get in the ovens," shouted Robert Ray, a writer for white supremacist site Daily Stormer. "I never thought I'd have to see this in America in my lifetime," said one of the counter-protesters, a student who did not want to be named. The marchers slowly dissipated. Across the street, more than 500 people were packed into St Paul's Memorial Church, where they had heard readings from the Bible and the Quran and prayers for peace and unity in Charlottesville. At the end, the congregation filed slowly out of a side door to avoid the white nationalists walking back down Main Street. The protest was criticised by many local residents and politicians. Charlottesville mayor Mike Signer called the march "a cowardly parade of hatred, bigotry, racism and intolerance". He wrote on Facebook: "Everyone has a right under the First Amendment to express their opinion peaceably, so here's mine: not only as the Mayor of Charlottesville, but as a UVA [University of Virginia] faculty member and alumnus, I am beyond disgusted by this unsanctioned and despicable display of visual intimidation on a college campus." Charlottesville is considered a liberal college town - and 86% of the county voted for Hillary Clinton in last year's presidential elections. However, the town has become a focal point for white nationalists after the city council voted to remove a statue of General Lee. Some observers also argue that US President Donald Trump's election to the White House re-energised the far right across the US. The Southern Poverty Law Center, a civil rights organisation, says that "Trump's run for office electrified the radical right, which saw in him a champion of the idea that America is fundamentally a white man's country." Last month, Ku Klux Klan supporters staged a march in Virginia - but were outnumbered by counter-protesters.

দাস প্রথার পক্ষে লড়েছিলেন এমন এক কনফেডারেটপন্থী জেনারেলের মূর্তি অপসারণের প্রতিবাদে শত শত শ্বেতাঙ্গ জাতীয়তাবাদী যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ভার্জিনিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে মিছিল করেছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Ritu PrasadBBC News, Washington What did Pence say? "Faith in America is rising again because President Trump and our entire administration have been advancing the very principles that you learned here in the halls of Hillsdale College," he told a crowd at a Christian conservative campus in Michigan on Saturday. "In fact, the percentage of Americans who live out their religion on a weekly basis - praying, going to church, reading and believing in the Bible - has remained remarkably consistent over the decades, even as the population of the United States has grown by leaps and bounds." The vice-president also claimed that "relative to the population, four times as many Americans go to church on a regular basis than at the time of our nation's founding". What do the numbers say? According to Greg Smith, associate director for religion research at the Pew Research Center, Mr Pence's claims do not appear follow the numbers. "The data we do have do not suggest a recent increase in the share of Americans who are highly religious," Mr Smith told the BBC. "The vast majority of Americans do say they believe in God, but those numbers are ticking downward," he added. As for Mr Pence's suggestion that more Americans are going to church in modern times? Aside from sheer population differences from 1776 to now, the figures do not support that claim either, according to Mr Smith. "We've begun to see in recent years smaller but noticeable declines in the share of Americans who say they believe in God, who say religion is important to them in their personal lives, who say they pray every day and we've seen declines in the share of Americans who say they attend religious services regularly," he said. A 2017 study published in Sociological Science showed that those who are intensely religious are still going to church consistently and frequently, but once-a-week attendance is dropping. Mr Smith also noted the data shows the number of Americans identifying as atheist, agnostic or nothing in particular is "growing very, very rapidly". "The share of Americans who identify with Christianity is declining because the share of Americans who identify with no religion is growing," Mr Smith said. A 2017 study by the Public Religion Research Institute also tracked a diminishing white Christian presence across the US. In 1996, 65% of Americans identified as white Christians. Over the last decade, that number has dropped to 43%. What has the Trump administration done for Christian conservatives? Mr Trump has been popular among Christian conservatives, particularly after choosing Mr Pence, an evangelical Christian, as his vice-president. He has held to some of his campaign promises, such as appointing a high number of conservative judges - most notably, Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court. In January last year, Mr Trump reinstated a 1984 policy banning international groups which perform or provide information on abortions from receiving federal money. On Monday, the Trump administration delivered on another promise made to evangelical Christians during the campaign: recognising Jerusalem as Israel's capital. For some evangelical Christians, the support for Israel comes from passages in the Bible they believe show that God intended Israel for the Jewish people. How much impact has Trump had on religious communities? Despite some wins for Christian conservatives, the Trump administration has not fulfilled promises to ban late-term abortions, defund Planned Parenthood or repeal the Johnson Amendment - a provision prohibiting non-profit charities like churches from endorsing political candidates. For Casper ter Kuile, Ministry Innovation Fellow at the Harvard Divinity School, the impact of this administration on religion in America depends on how we define faith. "Vice-President Pence is correct in asserting a widespread belief in God or a higher power - nine out of ten Americans agree with that," Mr ter Kuile told the BBC. "But Pence is one of only 56% of Americans who believe in a traditional conservative God of the Bible. "The number of Americans with that kind of faith is plummeting. "More than one in three millennials are now religiously unaffiliated. On average 3,500 churches close every year in America."

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ভাইস প্রেসিডেন্ট মাইক পেন্স বলেছেন, ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের কারণে আমেরিকায় বিশ্বাসীদের সংখ্যা আবারো বাড়তে শুরু করেছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Yumi Yoshino, 48, said that she found her mother dead and hid the body 10 years ago because she "didn't want to move out" of the Tokyo home they shared, local media reported, citing unnamed police sources. There were no visible wounds on the frozen body, police said. The authorities could not determine the time and cause of the woman's death. The body was reportedly discovered by a cleaner after Ms Yoshino had been forced to leave the apartment due to missing rent payments. The body had been bent to fit in the freezer, police said. Ms Yoshino was arrested in a hotel in the city of Chiba, near Tokyo, on Friday.

জাপানের পুলিশ একটি ফ্ল্যাটবাড়িতে ফ্রিজারের ভেতর এক মৃত নারীর লাশ উদ্ধার করার পর তার কন্যাকে গ্রেফতার করেছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Speaking in Russia, Mr Pompeo said the US was looking for Iran to behave like a "normal country" but would respond if its interests were attacked. Meanwhile, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has also said there will be no war with the US. Last week, the US deployed warships and warplanes to the Gulf. Tensions escalated even further after an incident with four tankers off the United Arab Emirates on Sunday, with US investigators reportedly believing Iran or groups it supports were involved. No evidence of Iran's role has emerged and Tehran, which denies any involvement, has called for an investigation. In another development, Spain withdrew a frigate from a US-led naval group in the Gulf as tensions between Washington and Tehran rose. What has Pompeo said? Mr Pompeo, who held talks with Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov in the Russian city of Sochi, said the US "fundamentally" did not seek a conflict with Iran. "We have also made clear to the Iranians that if American interests are attacked, we will most certainly respond in an appropriate fashion." The talks between Mr Pompeo and Mr Lavrov to help improve ties between Washington and Moscow have underlined continuing differences: What has Iran said? In remarks carried on state media and on his Twitter account, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei repeated Tehran's position that it would not negotiate with the US on a nuclear deal to replace the one President Donald Trump withdrew from last year. But Mr Khamenei said: "We don't seek a war, nor do they." On Monday, President Hassan Rouhani told a meeting with clerics that Iran was "too great to be intimidated by anyone", saying: "God willing we will pass this difficult period with glory and our heads held high, and defeat the enemy." What has Spain said? The Spanish frigate Mendez Nunez had been accompanying a US aircraft carrier's strike group in the Gulf for a military exercise. But on Tuesday, Acting Defence Minister Margarita Robles said it would be recalled because the original mission had changed. The Spanish daily El Pais said Madrid wanted to avoid being dragged into any kind of conflict with Iran. A defence ministry spokesman later told AFP news agency it was "a temporary withdrawal... as long as the American aircraft carrier is in this zone". "No possible confrontation or warlike action is envisaged (by Spain) and it is for this reason that the participation is suspended for the moment," the spokesman added. Why have tensions with Iran risen? The incident with the four commercial ships is said to have taken place within UAE territorial waters in the Gulf of Oman, east of the emirate of Fujairah, but few details have been released. The vessels had been targeted in a "sabotage attack" near Fujairah port, just outside the Strait of Hormuz, the UAE foreign ministry said. There were no casualties but Saudi Arabia said two of its ships had suffered "significant damage". Another tanker was Norwegian-registered while the fourth was reportedly UAE-flagged. US military investigators discovered large holes in all of the ships and believe they were caused by explosive charges, the Associated Press reported quoting an unnamed official. They did not explain how the damage was linked to Iran. A deliberate attempt to increase tensions? Compared with previous attacks on shipping in the Middle East - the USS Cole in 2000, the Limburg tanker in 2002 and more recent attacks off Yemen - the damage done to four tankers off the UAE coast on Sunday is minimal. There has been no oil spillage, no flames and no casualties. But the timing is both suspicious and dangerous. Whoever carried out this attack could hardly have been unaware of the rising tensions in the Gulf, with the US dispatching additional forces to the region. It would appear that the anonymous culprit was deliberately trying to ratchet up that tension, possibly provoking a conflict. While Saudi Arabia and the UAE have stopped short of blaming their adversary, Iran, US officials have reportedly said that is where their suspicions lie. But Iran has condemned the attack as "dreadful" and a parliamentary spokesman said Iranian suspicions fell on Israel. What has Trump said? On Tuesday, President Trump dismissed a New York Times report suggesting the military had plans to send up to 120,000 troops to the Middle East should Iran attack US forces there or accelerate work on nuclear weapons. "We have not planned for that. Hopefully we're not going to have to plan for that. And if we did that, we'd send a hell of a lot more troops than that," Mr Trump said a day after warning Iran that it would "suffer greatly" if it did anything. The US has previously warned that "Iran or its proxies" could be targeting maritime traffic in the region and, in recent days, deployed warships to counter "clear indications" of threats from the country. Iran dismissed the allegation as nonsense. Earlier, Iranian-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen said they had carried out drone attacks on a major Saudi oil pipeline. Saudi Arabia's energy minister described the incident as an act of terrorism.

মার্কিন পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী মাইক পম্পেও বলেছেন, তার দেশ ইরানের সাথে কোন যুদ্ধ চায় না।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The draft law, part of a long-term drive by President Emmanuel Macron to uphold secular values, tightens rules on home-schooling and hate speech. Some critics, both in France and abroad, have accused his government of using it to target religion. But Prime Minister Jean Castex called it "a law of protection" that would free Muslims from the grip of radicals. He insisted that the text was not "aimed against religions or against the Muslim religion in particular". What is in the law? The bill "supporting Republican principles" would tighten restrictions on online hate speech and ban the use of the internet to maliciously reveal personal details about other people. This is seen as a response to the beheading of teacher Samuel Paty in October. Paty, 47, was killed near his school by a lone attacker after showing pupils cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad. The investigation has revealed an online campaign had been launched against him. The law also bans "clandestine" schools that promote Islamist ideology and tightens rules on home-schooling. It would also reinforce the ban on polygamy by refusing residency to polygamous applicants. Doctors could be fined or banned for performing virginity tests on girls. There are new rules on financial transparency for Muslim associations and a requirement that they sign up to France's republican values in return for funding. A ban on officials wearing religious attire at work is being extended to transport workers and staff at swimming pools and markets. Meanwhile, separate to the law, President Macron has agreed with France's Muslim Council (CFCM) for a national council of imams to be set up. The president is seeking to put a stop to hundreds of foreign imams practising in France. Why is the law being introduced? The draft law has been under consideration for some time but recent Islamist attacks pushed it up the agenda. Paty's murder was one of three attacks that outraged France. Three people were killed in stabbings at a church in Nice in October. Two people were stabbed and seriously hurt in September in Paris near the former offices of Charlie Hebdo magazine, where Islamist militants carried out a deadly attack in 2015. President Macron is a staunch defender of French republican values including state secularism. He has described Islam as a religion "in crisis" and defended the right of Charlie Hebdo to publish cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad. France has an estimated five million Muslims, Europe's largest Muslim minority. What has the reaction been? Mr Macron has become the target of sharp criticism in several Muslim-majority countries. Relations with Turkey, already strained, were further undermined with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan describing the legislation as an "open provocation" and saying Mr Macron was "mentally ill". Demonstrations have been held in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Lebanon. The US envoy on religious freedom, Sam Brownback, was also critical, saying: "When you get heavy-handed, the situation can get worse." In France itself, some left-wing politicians have expressed concern that the legislation could be seen as stigmatising Muslims. Le Monde newspaper says it could also antagonise other religious groups who practise home-schooling. But the BBC's Lucy Williamson in Paris says pressure has grown on President Macron to act. Tackling Islamist influence in the name of French secularism may be popular at home, but it's still a delicate operation for the state, she adds.

ফ্রান্সে সম্প্রতি চরমপন্থীদের বেশ কয়েকটি হামলার পর ইসলামের উগ্রতাকে দমন করতে একটি বিল পাস করেছে ফরাসি মন্ত্রিসভা।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Kelly-Leigh CooperBBC News You can probably guess what happens next. The story ends as it almost always does: with the cat yelling out in pain as yet another plan backfires. The plot may be familiar, but the story behind it may not be. From Academy Award wins to secret production behind the Cold War's Iron Curtain - this is how Tom and Jerry, who turn 80 this week, became one of the world's best known double-acts. The duo was dreamt up from a place of desperation. MGM's animation department, where creators Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera worked, had struggled to emulate the success of other studios who had hit characters like Porky Pig and Mickey Mouse. Out of boredom, the animators, both aged under 30, began thinking up their own ideas. Barbera said he loved the simple concept of a cat and mouse cartoon, with conflict and chase, even though it had been done countless times before. Puss gets the Boot was the first they released, in 1940. The debut was a hit and won the studio an Oscar nomination for best animated short. Despite their work, the animators were not credited. Managers initially told them not to put all their eggs in one basket. A change of heart came only when a letter arrived from an influential industry figure in Texas asking when she would see another one of those "wonderful cat and mouse cartoons". Jasper and Jinx, as they were first known, became Tom and Jerry. According to Barbera there was no real discussion about the characters not speaking, but having grown up with silent films starring Charlie Chaplin, the creators knew they could be funny without dialogue. Music composed by Scott Bradley underscored the action and Tom's trademark human-like scream was voiced by Hanna himself. For the best part of the next two decades, Hanna and Barbera oversaw the production of more than 100 of these shorts. Each took weeks to make and cost up to $50,000 to produce, so only a handful could be made every year. These Tom and Jerrys are almost universally considered the best, with rich hand-drawn animation and detailed backdrops helping win them seven Academy Awards and cameos in Hollywood feature films. "I'll bet when you watched them as a child, or even if you look at them right now, you would be hard-pressed to know when they were made," says Jerry Beck, a cartoon historian who has worked in roles across the industry. "There's something about animation. It's evergreen, it doesn't fade," he says. "A drawing is a drawing, it's like when you go see paintings. Yes, we know they're from the 1800s or 1700s - it doesn't matter and it still speaks to you today." "That's the thing with these cartoons. What we've learned in time is that they really are great art. They're not disposable throwaway entertainment." When producer Fred Quimby retired in the mid-1950s, Hanna and Barbera took over MGM's cartoon department just as budget cuts closed in. Studio bosses, threatened by the growing popularity of television, realised they could make almost as much money by re-issuing the old shorts as they could by making new ones. When their department was closed down in 1957, Hanna and Barbera set up their own production company. But only a few years later, MGM decided to revive Tom and Jerry without its original creators. In 1961 they outsourced to a studio in Prague to save on costs. Chicago-born animator Gene Deitch was tasked with heading the remake, but struggled with a tight budget and staff with no knowledge of the original. His studio also secretly made episodes of other cartoons, including Popeye. Czech names were Americanised on the credits to stop viewers associating the shows with Communism. "Because of the Iron Curtain, the animators in the studio here in Prague had never ever even seen a Tom and Jerry cartoon," Deitch later told Radio.cz. He knew, being the first to follow up the classics, that he would be "in the line of fire" from fans, and his 13 cartoons are regularly labelled the worst. In interviews Deitch was honest about their bad reputation and revealed he even received a death threat over them. After him the task fell to Chuck Jones, best known for his work on Looney Tunes at Warner Brothers. Under him, Tom's eyebrows grew thicker and his face more twisted, and was more like the Dr Seuss character the Grinch that Jones also animated. Mark Kausler, 72, is one of many people who have warm memories of Tom and Jerry growing up. He dragged his father to see reels of the shorts, over and over, at his local cinema in St Louis. He began making his own cartoons, partly inspired by the characters, and went onto an extensive animation career of his own. "So much of it is based on the way they look and the timing and the way the music works and everything," he says. "It was such a wonderful formula, the way everything interconnected." "And when they tried to disassemble and reassemble it with another crew and with another type of designer and other comedy - it just rings inauthentic to me, if you know what I mean." He came a little too late into the industry to work on Tom and Jerry itself, but remembers the excitement of the "monumental" moment Hanna and Barbera showed up to his animation school. At MGM, television had been seen as a "bad word", but after going it alone Hanna and Barbera pivoted into the platform. With longer episodes and smaller budgets, they adapted their animation style and used tricks to save time and money. Their cartoons dominated children's television for decades. They first found success in the early 1960s with characters like Huckleberry Hound and Yogi Bear and soon, more hits like The Flintstones, Top Cat and Scooby Doo followed. In the 1970s the pair returned to Tom and Jerry. By then, many of the early episodes were considered "too violent" under fresh guidelines issued to networks. New episodes, with the duo as friends, never lived up to the success of the originals. Like other cartoons of the time, the show's legacy has also been complicated by long-standing criticism of its depictions of race. In particular, the character of "Mammy Two Shoes" - a black housemaid with an exaggerated southern accent usually seen from the waist down - has been labelled an offensive racial caricature. Parts of the series also contain jokes using blackface and derogatory depictions of Asians and native Americans. When the originals were broadcast on US television in the 1960s, some scenes were edited out with "Mammy" replaced with new characters added by Jones's team. Today the worst-offending episodes are usually cut from re-release collections and streaming platforms. Attention was drawn to this in 2014 when Amazon Prime Instant Video added a "racial prejudice" warning to the series. Tom and Jerry, with its slapstick violence and dark comedy, remains extremely popular around the world today. It can be found on children's television everywhere from Japan to Pakistan and a new mobile phone game has more than 100m users in China. The show has also, surprisingly, found itself in news headlines. In 2016, a top Egyptian official tried to blame the cartoon for rising violence in the Middle East and Iran's Supreme Leader has compared their US relations to Tom and Jerry at least twice. As a regular on the BBC schedule for decades, it became particularly well liked in the UK and a 2015 poll named Tom and Jerry as the most popular cartoon in Britain among adults. In the 80 years since their creation, the cat and mouse have appeared in everything from a "kids" version to a 1992 musical movie where they sang and spoke. Bill Hanna died in 2001 and Joe Barbera passed away in 2006. A year before his death, Barbera was credited for the last time on a Tom and Jerry short - which was also his first without his former partner. "We understood each other perfectly, and each of us had deep respect for the other's work," he said of their working relationship. Warner Brothers, who now own the rights to Tom and Jerry, will release a new live-action film just before Christmas this year. Not much is known about the project, except that actors including Chloë Grace Moretz and Ken Jeong have signed on. For Jerry Beck, Tom and Jerry's enduring appeal comes in part from the character's universal relatability. "I think most people can identify with little Jerry because there's always an oppressor in our lives," he says. "We always have someone, our boss, our landlord, politics - whatever it is. And we're just trying to live our lives and somebody wants to disturb it."

কার্টুন ছবির এক বিড়াল, যে তার বাড়িতে থাকা এক ইঁদুরের যন্ত্রণায় ত্যক্ত-বিরক্ত, ইঁদুর ধরার ফাঁদে পনির রেখে তার শত্রুকে কাবু করার ছক কষে। বুদ্ধিমান ইঁদুরটি কিন্তু বিড়ালের পরিকল্পনা ভন্ডুল করে সফলভাবেই ফাঁদ থেকে তার প্রিয় খাবার সরিয়ে নিয়ে ভরপেটে হেলতে দুলতে সরে পড়ে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By BBC MonitoringThe world through its media In what is likely to be an extra dig at America, a number quote US Senator Lindsey Graham's criticism of the move, using his words to highlight the point that it strengthens Russia and Iran in the region. 'Catastrophic withdrawal' for US Broadcast outlets in Iran reported mostly neutrally on the story but conservative newspapers celebrated the move as a defeat for the US government. Hemayat called it a "catastrophic withdrawal" while Khorasan quoted Mr Graham saying "an American withdrawal at this time would be a big win for Iran and [Syrian President] Bashar al-Assad". The hardline daily Javan, which is close to the influential Islamic Revolution Guards Corps, said the US now had no choice but to "respect" an agreement reached earlier this week by Russia, Turkey, and Iran on Syria's political future. See also: Syria war: Russia, Iran and Turkey fail to agree on new constitution body Erdogan presented as key player In Turkey, the story is top of the news agenda, with many outlets emphasising that the decision was taken during a phone conversation between President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his US counterpart Donald Trump. This is significant in light of Turkey's plan to invade northern Syria to combat the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG), which have been fighting the Islamic State group alongside US forces there. Turkey sees the YPG as an extension of its outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and refers to YPG fighters as "terrorists". Pro-government media portrayed the move as an outcome of Erdogan's influence in the region. One such newspaper, Aksam, said Turkey's "determined stance" on its concerns east of the Euphrates - the Syrian region it intends to invade - "made the US step back". Others, such as Gunes and Turkiye, noted the YPG was "in shock" over the decision. US soldiers still here, Kurdish TV says Kurdish media outlets in Syria certainly appeared surprised by the decision. Amid international media reports saying US forces had already begun to leave, Rudaw TV insisted that US soldiers were still stationed in areas under the control of the Syria Democratic Forces (SDF) - the alliance of Arab, Syrian and Kurdish militias led by the YPG. Another channel, Ronahi TV, interviewed a Kurdish official in north-eastern Syria who said: "Nobody is aware of the details of the [White House] decision... including US commanders here." The official also warned that the withdrawal would "impact the equation in Syria and the entire region". Repeating Russia's welcome The announcement dominated Syrian media. The official Syrian news agency Sana reported at length on the news, highlighting Russia's welcome for the move and quoting Moscow saying: "Washington was starting to realise that its opposition to Astana efforts was hurting its interest." Other outlets noted that the decision likely took into account Turkey's imminent invasion. 'Victory for Turkey, Iran, Russia and Assad' The withdrawal also dominated pan-Arab media with many commentators describing the decision as "startling" or "shocking". The London-based Al-Arab daily called it "a victory for Turkey, Iran, Russia and Assad". And an editorial in Al-Quds al-Arabi newspaper noted: "Significant external parties like Russia, Turkey and Iran will try to fill the gap that results from the US withdrawal." On major pan-Arab TV channels, the Saudi-funded Al-Arabiya and Qatari Al-Jazeera TV both highlighted statements by Mr Graham. Al-Jazeera also focused on Moscow's welcome for the decision as a step towards "genuine, real prospects for a political settlement". BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.

মধ্যপ্রাচ্যের বিভিন্ন সংবাদমাধ্যম জুড়ে আজ প্রধান খবরে স্থান পেয়েছে সিরিয়া থেকে সেনা প্রত্যাহার নিয়ে আমেরিকার আকস্মিক সিদ্ধান্ত ঘোষণা, যদিও এই সিদ্ধান্তকে মোটা দাগে স্বাগতই জানানো হয়েছে।