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প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

David Earl Miller, who spent 36 years on death row, was the latest of an increasing number of inmates attempting to avoid lethal injection following several botched executions. Another Tennessee inmate, Edmund Zagorski, was electrocuted last month. Lethal injection is the state's main method of execution. However, Tennessee inmates on death row whose crimes were committed before 1999 are allowed to choose electrocution instead. Prior to Zagorski's execution, the electric chair had not been used since 2013. Miller was pronounced dead at 19:25 local time on Thursday (01:25 GMT Friday) at the Riverbend Maximum Security Institution in Nashville. Tennessee department of correction spokesman Tylee Tracer said that Miller's last words were: "Beats being on death row." Miller was found guilty of killing a 23-year-old mentally ill woman in 1981. In court, both Miller and Zagorski had cited the August execution of Billy Ray Irick, who turned purple and took 20 minutes to die, AP reported. Zagorski's execution was the second time the state's electric chair had been used since 1960. Why is lethal injection controversial? Miller, 61, and Zagorski, 63, argued that the midazolam-based lethal injection used by Tennessee would lead to a prolonged and painful death. It follows a series of executions using different combinations of drug where prisoners have appeared to suffer. The US constitution bans cruel and unusual punishments. In September a doctor told a court in Tennessee that Irick felt pain akin to torture during his execution, The Tennessean newspaper reported. Dr David Lubarsky argued that the midazolam sedated Irick but did not prevent him from feeling the effects of the other two drugs injected as part of the execution. Proponents of lethal injection argue that the process is painless. Miller was also one of four death row inmates who brought a federal case asking Tennessee to use a firing squad instead of either lethal injection or electrocution, the Tennessean reported. In neighbouring Alabama, more than 50 inmates have chosen to be killed in the nitrogen gas chamber rather than be given a lethal injection after being given the option earlier this year, Vox reported. Which states use the electric chair? Electrocution is no longer the main method of execution in any US state. Courts in Georgia and Nebraska have said the electric chair is unconstitutional. However, Miller was told he could not argue that the electric chair was unconstitutional because he himself had chosen it, AP reported. Hanging was the most common form of capital punishment in the US until the 1890s. Then, the electric chair became the most widespread method. In 1982, the first execution by lethal injection was carried out by the state of Texas, after which it gradually replaced the electric chair across the nation. More on the US death penalty

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের টেক্সাস অঙ্গরাজ্যে প্রাণদণ্ডে দণ্ডিত এক বন্দী নিজে দণ্ডের পক্ষে মতামত দেয়ার পর প্রাণঘাতী ইনজেকশন দিয়ে তার দণ্ড কার্যকর করা হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The test site at Punggye-ri has been used for six nuclear tests since 2006. After the last, in September, a series of aftershocks hit the site, which seismologists believe collapsed part of the mountain's interior. On Saturday, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un announced he was suspending his country's nuclear and missile tests. The surprise declaration came ahead of historic talks with South Korea and the US. The latest research from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is due to be published in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union, in the coming days. It concluded that eight and a half minutes after September's test, there was "a near-vertical on-site collapse towards the nuclear test centre". The Punggye-ri site is situated in mountainous terrain in North Korea's north-east, and tests have taken place in a system of tunnels dug below Mount Mantap. A one-page summary of the research on the USTC website concluded: "The occurrence of the collapse should deem the underground infrastructure beneath mountain Mantap not be used for any future nuclear tests." But those words do not appear in the final peer-reviewed paper. It instead says that the "collapse in the test site calls for continued close monitoring of any leaks of radioactive materials". Prof Wen Lianxing, the lead author of the study, told the Wall Street Journal that the conclusion about the test site's viability would not be included in the published paper, but did not say why. The research echoes similar findings by a team from the Jilin Earthquake Agency, published in the same journal last month. That team concluded that the explosion "created a cavity and a damaged 'chimney' of rocks above it", leading to a collapse. The earlier paper did not offer an opinion on the viability of the test site in the wake of the collapse. A possible tunnel collapse at Mount Mantap has long been suspected, with Chinese scientists expressing concern soon after September's large-scale nuclear test. The US Geological Survey recorded a second seismic event about eight minutes after the test, which it assessed as a "collapse" of the cavity. Two aftershocks were detected as late as December, prompting concerns about the stability of the surrounding mountains.

চীনা বিজ্ঞানীরা বলেছেন, উত্তর কোরিয়ার পারমাণবিক কেন্দ্রের অংশ-বিশেষ ধসে পড়ায় তা ব্যবহারের অনুপযোগী হয়ে থাকতে পারে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Helen BriggsBBC Environment correspondent The Popa langur, named after its home on Mount Popa, is critically endangered with numbers down to about 200 individuals. Langurs are a group of leaf-eating monkeys that are found across south east Asia. The newly described animal is known for its distinctive spectacle-like eye patches and greyish-coloured fur. It is at risk from habitat loss and hunting. Scientists have long suspected there might be a new species in Myanmar, based on DNA extracted from the droppings of wild monkeys, but evidence has been hard to find. With very little information to go on, they turned to historical specimens stored in natural history museums in London, Leiden, New York and Singapore. Early explorers to Burma collected the monkey specimens, which had never been examined in detail. The researchers extracted DNA and measured physical features such as tail and ear length, which they compared with those of wild populations. This revealed a new species, the Popa langur, which is found only in patches of forest in the centre of the country. Most live in a wildlife sanctuary park on the slopes of the sacred pilgrimage site of Mount Popa. Describing the species scientifically will help in its conservation, said Frank Momberg of the conservation group Fauna & Flora International. He told BBC News: "The Popa langur, just newly described, is already critically endangered and facing extinction so it's absolutely critical to protect the remaining population and to engage with local communities as well as private sector stakeholders to safeguard its future." There are only 200 to 250 animals of the new species, which live in four isolated populations. In the last decade or so, Myanmar has opened up to international collaborations with scientists, which has led to the discovery of species new to science, including reptiles, amphibians. But the discovery of a new primate is rare. Christian Roos of the primate genetics laboratory at the German Primate Centre in Gottingnen said the animals faced threats from habitat loss and hunting. "Hunting is a big problem but the bigger threat is the habitat is almost gone and it is reduced, fragmented and isolated due to human encroachment, " he said. The discovery is described in the journal Zoological Research. Genetic studies revealed that the Popa langur (Trachypithecus popa) separated from other known species around one million years ago. Follow Helen on Twitter.

মিয়ানমারের একটি প্রত্যন্ত জঙ্গলে নতুন একটি বানর পাওয়া গেছে, যার সম্পর্কে এতদিন বিজ্ঞানীদের কিছুই জানা ছিল না।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Dhruti ShahBBC News, Colorado In an unassuming building hidden amidst the Rocky Mountains in Colorado is a treasure trove of dead animals. The US Fish and Wildlife Service is a key player in the fight against global wildlife trafficking and this place - the National Wildlife Property Repository - is an important and unique hub for conservation specialists. It is the place where many of the illegal wildlife products seized by law enforcers at US ports and during criminal investigations end up. There are more than 1.2 million items ranging from stuffed tigers, elephant trunk lamps, thousands of bear claws, medicinal goods to pangolin leather cowboy boots meticulously stored and categorised in the 22,000 sq ft warehouse. This is an Aladdin's cave of death. It is not just animals that the repository collects but also rare plants and items made out of trees - many of which are covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). But for Sarah Metzer, an education specialist who has worked at the repository for four years, this place is not a funeral home but an opportunity for the items to have new beginnings and a new purpose. "It's not the end place," she says. "They are being repurposed in a new way. It's a misconception that material that is coming to us then just sits forever and collects dust. It's just the beginning for these objects as ambassadors for their species." The global wildlife trade is the number one cause of animal extinction, tied only with land development. In October, a study by US and UK scientists revealed that at least one in five vertebrate species on Earth are brought and sold on the wildlife market. And Interpol estimates the global wildlife trade to be worth up to $20bn (£16bn) a year. With just seven people on staff, the resources are mainly used by government officials, wildlife specialists, conservationists and educators. Only a small part of the facility is open to members of the public and that is on specific days and by pre-arranged appointment. The repository used to be part of the US Fish and Wildlife Service's national forensics laboratory, but in the 1990s it became clear that the collection needed its own space and so this site was found and cleared. "Universities, zoos, aquariums, nature centres, museums - all the different entities that are doing environmental education or conservation work might be able to have access to some of this material for their educational or scientific research." It's not just animals and flora and fauna imported from overseas that is collected by the repository. It has a whole section dedicated to North American animals and creatures seized when they are trafficked across states illegally. Ms Metzer adds: "What you see here is only the small tip of the iceberg when it comes to what is actually seized and confiscated at these ports of entry or during criminal investigations. We are very specific in what we take because we want to be able to represent particular species that are being used in the [illegal] wildlife trade." Outside the confines of the warehouse, the definition of what is classed as an endangered species in the US is now a highly contested subject. Last month US President Donald Trump's administration announced plans for a major overhaul to the Endangered Species Act. This currently protects over 1,600 species in the US and territories. The changes would eliminate automatic protections for threatened plant and animal species, and make it easier for species to be removed from the list. Independent conservation groups have criticised the move. There are a lot of dead big cats located in the warehouse, all in a variety of poses. That's because big cat skins and parts are always valuable educational tools. "We use them to intentionally highlight certain species and raise awareness of those that are very, very threatened," says Ms Metzer. All of the items that turn up at the repository are in the same condition in which they were seized. "We're not altering them in any way. If it was seized as a rug, a trinket or a raw material, that is how it will come to us," she says. They're not just macabre items, she says, but have an important effect. "When you have visitors or school groups that are able to connect with these objects, you really recognise the power that they have in reducing demand for these. You are fostering appreciation, awareness and an understanding the species." The repository has at least 3,000 bear claws in some form or another at the warehouse. Ms Metzer stresses the building in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal is not a museum: "We are not here to preserve the objects; we are working to get them out and in circulation." The entire facility - which includes the National Eagle Repository - is funded in a unique way as it receives the fines and fees resulting from particular law enforcement investigations. It can often take years before an item turns up at the repository after it has been confiscated and any criminal investigations it has been involved with are over. Occasionally the repository gets inquiries from members of the public who want to donate items discovered during house clean-outs. "There are younger generations who don't have the same value systems as older generations," says Ms Metzer. "The objects don't have the same intrinsic worth for them or cultural ties and so they try to dispose of it in a responsible way - in a way that makes sure it won't return to the commercial market." The repository is attempting to work with partner organisations to come up with different ways of educating the public about the wildlife trade. "When people think of wildlife, most people only think of animals but we are seeing cases involving cacti species being poached, ginseng and so much more," she says. "We don't have live plants here because we aren't designed to hold live specimens but if we come across items, we do catalogue them." Leaving the isolated site, some bison and deer stare hard at our car rumbling through the wildlife refuge. Yet, unlike the menagerie behind the walls of the repository, they stay deathly still for just a few seconds before wandering away back amongst their natural habitat. Photography by Hannah Long-Higgins

আমেরিকার কলোরাডো অঙ্গরাজ্যের ডেনভারের ঠিক বাইরে একটি বিশাল গুদামঘরে রয়েছে অদ্ভুত কিছু বস্তুর সমাহার। মৃত বাঘ, হাতির শুঁড় এবং পাঙ্গোলিন কাউবয় বুট। বিশ্বজুড়ে ভয়াবহ ব্যবসার বিরুদ্ধে লড়াইয়ের প্রথম একটি ধাপ বলা যায় এটি।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

"I spent my childhood in fear," says Naeema Zehri, a student at Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University in Quetta. "It still sends shivers down my spine when I think about it." Naeema grew up in a tribal village in the Khuzdar district of Pakistan's restive Balochistan province. Her childhood coincided with a time when lawlessness was at its peak, she says. The news was full of tales of Baloch men being abducted and killed in targeted attacks. Fear, prejudice, and weapons were everywhere. Balochistan is Pakistan's poorest province. It has endured long-running hostilities between separatist insurgents and the Pakistani army. In its remote mountainous villages, life is generally miserable, but women suffer particularly, Naeema says. "My childhood was marred with poverty. We are seven siblings. My mother was not educated, so we had to depend on family charity to meet our basic needs. Education was a luxury that we could not afford." For Naeema, getting an education was a struggle. She went to the free state-run girls' primary school in her village until the age of 10, but the school was shut down. She says that from 2009 to 2013, the school was taken over by criminals supported by the local tribal chief and the men put up a barrier at the school entrance to keep the girls from the building. The BBC cannot independently confirm this, but such situations were not uncommon in Balochistan. "The picket was barricaded; it was manned by six to eight armed individuals all the time. I remember walking past it in my childhood. We used to be terrified by the armed men standing out there. I would always fear that they might shoot me," Naeema says. "Dressed up in shalwar kameez [loose baggy shirts and trousers worn by men in Pakistan], they used to have guns in their hands, their faces were always covered in scarves, only their eyes were visible." 'Don't send your girls to school' The armed men never approached or threatened the children, Naeema says, but the picket served two purposes: it was to keep the girls away from education, and so the tribal chief's armed men could use the campus as a hideout. "It was a clear message to the people," she says. "Don't send your girls to school." The effect on the village was devastating. Government teachers did not dare to work in such an environment. Naeema and a few other girls were admitted to another school in a nearby village, but it was just a formality. Parents sent their girls there to get free cooking oil - which was provided by an international donor organisation to increase girls' enrolment in the area - but not to learn. Girls had their attendance marked in registers and then went home. Naeema says the teachers were scared, but partially corrupt too. "There were many schools that only existed on paper in our area. Teachers were deputed in such schools and they were drawing salaries too - but the schools were completely dysfunctional," she says. Meanwhile, the violence in Balochistan was taking its toll. Naeema had to face the abduction and death of her two maternal uncles within one year. She says they simply disappeared, and their bullet-riddled bodies were found months later. "I was completely shattered. They were so young, so full of life; I couldn't overcome their deaths for a long time." But the tragedy motivated Naeema to continue her education, she says. After finishing middle school she had to stop going to school but she didn't let it disrupt her studies. "My family couldn't afford education, and they were also under pressure by the villagers." That was because local women were not encouraged to pursue school education, she says - but to go to madrassas (religious seminaries) or to do chores. "There is hypocrisy around that too. Women are not allowed to go out to get education, but when it comes to helping men in the field, there are no barriers. Those who stay home, they earn a living through embroidery - but it's the men who get and spend their wages." Naeema continued her studies at home and took exams as a private candidate. When she finished high school, her education was interrupted for some time because her brothers opposed it. But the murder of her uncles gave her new purpose. She noted that there was a complete silence in the media, and it left a mark on her psyche. "Are Balochs not humans? Why do their lives not matter? I found it extremely hurtful," she says. "When will people start showing sensitivity toward Balochs?" The experience made her want to take up journalism. 'Telling the stories of my people' International media outlets are not allowed to report from Balochistan unless they have special permission from the authorities - which they rarely get. Pakistan's mainstream media is also under a blanket ban when it comes to reporting on the insurgency in the province. Naeema says that when she heard about Balochistan's only women's university, she persuaded her family to let her keep studying. Her brothers opposed the idea but one uncle supported her and paid her fees for a year. After that, she was out of funds - but she applied for a USAID sponsored scholarship, funded by the US government, and now her education is completely covered. "I want to become a journalist so I can tell stories of my people, the people of Balochistan," she says. "And let me tell you that I won't be scared... I will always stand with the truth."

কয়েক বছর ধরে, পাকিস্তানের বেলুচিস্তান প্রদেশের একটি গ্রামে কিছু সশস্ত্র পুরুষ মেয়েদের স্কুল ঘেরাও করে রাখে। যেন মেয়েরা স্কুলের ভিতরে প্রবেশ করতে না পারে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The US president says he never met E. Jean Carroll and accuses her of making up the allegation to sell a new book. Ms Carroll says she did not report the alleged attack at the time after being advised by a friend she had no chance of winning in court. Her story was published in New York magazine on Friday. More than a dozen women have previously made sexual misconduct allegations against Mr Trump, which he has denied. What does E. Jean Carroll allege? In the article, she describes meeting Mr Trump in late 1995 or early 1996, in Bergdorf Goodman. She says she recognised him as the "real estate tycoon" and that he told her he was buying a present for "a girl". She says Mr Trump knew she was a TV agony aunt and the two joked around, encouraging each other to try on some lingerie. She alleges that they then went to a dressing room, where she accuses him of raping her. Both Mr Trump and Ms Carroll were aged around 50 at the time, and he was married to Marla Maples. Ms Carroll says she told two friends about the alleged incident, one of whom advised her to go to the police. But she says the other advised her against telling anyone saying: "Forget it! He has 200 lawyers. He'll bury you." The accusation is one of six alleged attacks by "hideous men" that Ms Carroll details in her article. Another alleged incident involves Les Moonves, the former CEO of CBS. He resigned in 2018 after allegations of sexual misconduct. Mr Moonves' representative told New York magazine he "emphatically denies" the incident. Ms Carroll ends the article by saying Mr Trump was her "last hideous man" and she has not had sex since then. How did Trump respond? "I've never met this person in my life," the US president said in a statement. "She is trying to sell a new book - that should indicate her motivation. It should be sold in the fiction section." However, the New York magazine article included an image of Mr Trump and Ms Carroll together at an NBC party around 1987. When he was asked about the photo on Saturday, Mr Trump said: "Standing with my coat on in a line, give me a break, with my back to the camera. I have no idea who she is." He added: "There is some picture where we're shaking hands it looks like at some kind of event. I have my coat on, I have my wife standing next to me, and I didn't know her husband but he was a newscaster. But I have no idea who she is." Mr Trump encouraged anyone with information that the Democratic Party is working with Ms Carroll or New York magazine to notify the White House. He accused the publication of "peddling fake news" and called the magazine a "failing business." "Shame on those who make up false stories of assault to try to get publicity for themselves, or sell a book, or carry out a political agenda," he said. "It's just as bad for people to believe it, particularly when there is zero evidence," he added. In his statement, Mr Trump thanked Bergdorf Goodman, the upmarket New York department store where the incident allegedly took place, for "confirming they have no video footage of any such incident".

মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প ১৯৯০-এর দশকে একটি দোকানের ড্রেসিং রুমে এক মহিলাকে ধর্ষণ করেছিলেন বলে অভিযোগ ওঠার পর মি. ট্রাম্প তা অস্বীকার করেছেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The Hanoi People's Committee said the practice could tarnish the city's image as a "civilised and modern capital". The city office added that consuming the meat could lead to the spread of diseases like rabies and leptospirosis. Over 1,000 stores in Hanoi still sell dog and cat meat. The committee also urged residents to stop eating cat meat, which is less popular but still available. It highlighted the fact that many of the animals were cruelly killed. There are an estimated 490,000 dogs and cats in Hanoi - the majority of which are pets. A growing number of people in Vietnam disapprove of eating dog meat but it still remains "very much a deep-rooted habit", according to Linh Nguyen, a journalist with the BBC's Vietnamese service. Even on social media, many people welcomed the decision, but there were some who argued it was a habit that many Vietnamese people could not easily give up. One Facebook user, Dang Ngoc Quang, argued that the dish should not be banned completely, as that amounted to deprivation of freedom. Instead, he suggested implementing a heavy tax on dog meat or allowing it only to be sold in specific areas.

ভিয়েতনামের রাজধানী হ্যানয়ের কর্তৃপক্ষ কুকুরের মাংস না খাওয়ার জন্য নগরীর বাসিন্দাদের প্রতি অনুরোধ জানিয়েছেন। কারণ তারা মনে করছেন, লোকজন কুকুরের মাংস খেলে সেটা নগরীর ভাবমূর্তি ক্ষু্ন্ন করে। আর কুকুরের মাংস খেলে জলাতংক ছড়ানোরও আশংকা আছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

In his initial acts as the 46th US president, he signed 15 executive orders - the first to boost the federal response to the coronavirus crisis. Other orders reversed the Trump administration's stance on climate change and immigration. President Biden set to work at the Oval Office having been sworn in earlier on Wednesday at the US Capitol. The inauguration was unlike any other due to coronavirus restrictions, with few present to witness the oaths and ceremonies. Donald Trump - who has still not formally conceded the presidency to Mr Biden - snubbed the event in a departure from longstanding precedent. What orders has Biden signed? "There is no time to waste when it comes to tackling the crises we face," President Biden tweeted as he headed to the White House following his inauguration. President Biden "will take action - not just to reverse the gravest damages of the Trump administration - but also to start moving our country forward," a statement detailing his executive orders said. On coronavirus, a series of measures will be enacted to tackle the pandemic which has claimed more than 400,000 lives in the US. There will be a mandate to wear masks and practise social distancing on all federal government property. A new office will be set up to co-ordinate the response to the pandemic and the US will halt the process - begun by the Trump administration - of withdrawing from the World Health Organization (WHO). The move to re-engage with the WHO was welcomed by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres who said it was "absolutely critical" for a more co-ordinated global response, his spokesman Stéphane Dujarric said. Mr Biden has also pledged to make the fight against climate change a top priority of his administration. He signed an executive order beginning the process of rejoining the 2015 Paris climate agreement, from which Mr Trump formally withdrew the US last year. Mr Biden's climate envoy, former US Secretary of State John Kerry, tweeted that the commitment set "a floor, not a ceiling" for America's climate leadership and urged international co-operation ahead of the UN Climate Change Conference (Cop26) in Glasgow in November. Mr Biden has also revoked the presidential permit granted to the controversial Keystone XL Pipeline, which environmentalists and Native American groups have fought for more than a decade. The move will be discussed when Mr Biden makes his first phone call to a foreign leader - Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau - on Friday, White House press secretary Jen Psaki said. The privately financed pipeline - estimated to cost about $8bn (£5.8bn) - would carry about 830,000 barrels of heavy crude a day from the oil sands of Alberta, in Canada, to Nebraska. Barack Obama vetoed a bill approving construction of the pipeline in 2015 but the decision was overturned by President Trump. On immigration Mr Biden has revoked the Trump administration's emergency declaration that helped fund the building of a wall along the Mexican border and also ended a travel ban on some majority-Muslim countries. Other orders cover race and gender equality. This is the (relatively) easy part Joe Biden and his presidential team have had nearly three months to plan out his first actions upon taking the oath of office. Donald Trump had used his executive authority broadly, to advance large swaths of his political agenda, so how - and when - Biden would begin undoing those actions would have particular importance. It didn't take long for the newly inaugurated president to show his hand. He targeted, in particular, some of the most controversial portions of Trump's agenda. The Biden administration also will freeze all of Trump's last-minute regulations pending further review. Executive action is the (relatively) easy part, however. For Biden to make lasting change - policies that can't be undone by future presidents - he will have to work with Congress to pass legislation on issues like pandemic relief, citizenship for undocumented migrants, healthcare reform and voting-rights protections. He also declined, for now, to take other executive actions, like cancelling student loan debt, lifting Mr Trump's trade restrictions or enacting new criminal justice measures. With Democrats in control in the House of Representatives and Senate, Biden has a window for accomplishments, although it will require surmounting Republican procedural obstacles and keeping his party in line. The president's decades of experience as a legislator could come in useful. Biden calls for unity - it won't be easy At the first news conference of the Biden presidency, press secretary Jen Psaki was asked if her priority was to promote the interests of President Biden, or provide "the unvarnished truth". She said she had "deep respect for the role of a free independent press" and that she would join the president in bringing "transparency and truth back to government". President Trump - and his press secretaries - often had a combative relationship with the media. What happened at the inauguration? "Democracy has prevailed," President Biden said after taking the oath of office with Chief Justice John Roberts on stage in front of the US Capitol. Delivering a message of unity after the turbulent Trump years, he promised to be a president "for all Americans" - including those who voted against him. Three of his predecessors attended the ceremony: Barack Obama - under whom Mr Biden served for eight years as vice-president - Bill Clinton and George W Bush, as well as Mr Trump's vice-president, Mike Pence. Kamala Harris was sworn in as vice-president ahead of Mr Biden. She is the first woman - and the first black and Asian-American person - to serve in the role. There was extra-tight security for the ceremony after the US Capitol was stormed by violent pro-Trump protesters on 6 January. Mr Biden and First Lady Jill Biden, together with Ms Harris and her husband Doug Emhoff, then walked down Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House, greeting friends and supporters. The inauguration ceremony included musical performances by Lady Gaga - who sang the national anthem - as well as Jennifer Lopez and Garth Brooks. Amanda Gorman, America's first-ever National Youth Poet Laureate, recited her work The Hill We Climb. A 90-minute televised evening concert entitled "Celebrating America" was staged at the Lincoln Memorial in the city. Hosted by Tom Hanks, it featured Bruce Springsteen, John Legend, Jon Bon Jovi, Justin Timberlake, and Demi Lovato and culminated in a spectacular fireworks display. What about Donald Trump? Mr Trump was the first president not to attend his successor's inauguration since 1869. He left the White House early on Wednesday, and flew to the nearby Andrews Air Force base. In his farewell address at the base, he highlighted what he regarded as the successes of his presidency. "What we've done has been amazing by any standard," Mr Trump said. The 74-year-old then left for his Mar-a-Lago golf club in Florida, where he arrived later in the morning. In his last hours as president, Mr Trump granted clemency to more than 140 people, including his former adviser Steve Bannon, who had been facing fraud charges. The political drama surrounding Mr Trump is far from over. The US Senate is expected to put him on trial soon, following his record second impeachment by the House of Representatives for allegedly inciting the Capitol riot. On Tuesday, the Senate's Republican leader, Mitch McConnell, said the mob had been provoked by Mr Trump and fed lies.

শপথ নেয়ার কয়েক ঘণ্টার মধ্যেই ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের কিছু উল্লেখযোগ্য নীতি পাল্টে দেয়ার কাজ শুরু করেছেন মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট জো বাইডেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent "I called up three private hospitals in my neighbourhood and all of them said they had run out of doses," says Dr Kumar, a social scientist, who lives in Ghaziabad, on the outskirts of Delhi. One of them is a 50-bed neighbourhood hospital. "We have zero stock of vaccines and are not taking bookings because people come for jabs and get into fights (when we tell them we have no stocks)," a front office worker said. At another hospital where Dr Kumar unsuccessfully sought a booking, officials said they had run out of doses on Wednesday evening. "We have no other option but to turn people away," an employee said. As India grapples with a deadly second wave of Covid-19 infections - with an average of more than 90,000 cases daily from 1 April - its vaccination drive appears to be struggling. Half a dozen states are reporting a shortage of doses even as the federal government insists that there's enough in stock. In the western state of Maharashtra, which is reporting more than half of India's new infections, the inoculation programme appears to be grinding to a halt. The local government says its current stock of 1.5 million doses will last only for three days. Vaccination centres have been shut in the state capital, Mumbai, and parts of Kolhapur, Sangli and Satara districts. "If the vaccines don't come in three days, we will be forced to stop the drive," state Health Minister Rajesh Tope told reporters. Federal Health Minister Harsh Vardhan says the "allegations" of vaccine scarcity are "utterly baseless" - more than 40 million doses are "in stock or nearing delivery", he claims. He blames states for trying to "divert attention from their poor vaccination efforts by just continuously shifting the goalposts". Mr Vardhan believes the states which are complaining of shortages have not even fully vaccinated their frontline workers. That may not be entirely true. Vaccine shortages seem to be a reality in some states who have managed to vaccinate quickly, according to Oommen C Kurian of the Observer Research Foundation, a Delhi-based think tank. He told me that the shortage might be triggered by a "mismatch between the claimed production capacity of Indian vaccine makers and the actual produced doses over the last four months or so". India's vaccination drive, the world's biggest, began on 16 January, and aims to cover 250 million people by July. Initially limited to healthcare workers and frontline staff, it has been since extended in stages to people above 60; those between 45 and 59 who have other illnesses; and those above 45. More than 90 million doses of two approved vaccines - one developed by AstraZeneca with Oxford University (Covishield) and one by Indian firm Bharat BioTech (Covaxin) - have been given so far. An average of three million jabs are being administered daily. Also, India has so far shipped 64 million doses of vaccines to 85 countries. Some are in form of "gifts", others in line with commercial agreements signed between the vaccine makers and the recipient nations, and the rest under the Covax scheme, which is led by the World Health Organisation (WHO). When it comes to vaccine manufacture, India is a powerhouse. It runs a massive immunisation programme, makes 60% of the world's vaccines and is home to half a dozen major manufacturers, including the Serum Institute of India - the largest in the world. But a large-scale adult vaccination programme against a virulent pathogen like SARS-Cov2, the virus that causes Covid-19, is posing unprecedented challenges. For one, experts say the vaccination drive needs to pick up a lot more pace in order to meet its target. It is not clear whether the country has enough vaccines and state capacity to expand the drive. The key question, as many have been speculating, is whether India has enough stock of doses to speed up the drive and expand coverage to include the young. Some are wondering whether India did the right thing by sending millions of doses abroad as part of its much hyped "vaccine diplomacy". Serum Institute of India, which makes the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, known locally as Covishield, has provided some clues. This week, it said its production capacity was "very stressed". Adar Poonawalla, the head of the firm, said in an interview on Indian television that "we are still short of being able to supply to every Indian." Serum says it has been providing 65-70 million doses every month to India, and exported a total of nearly an equal amount of doses since it began production early this year. In January the firm told the BBC that it was aiming to boost production to 100 million doses a month. Now it says it would not be able to meet the target before the end of June because of time taken to repair damages from a fire at its facilities in the western city of Pune in January. Then Mr Poonawalla had said there would be no impact on the production of Covishield, "due to multiple production buildings that I had kept in reserve to deal with such contingencies". The firm says a squeeze on finances is also hampering the drive to ramp up production. Mr Poonawala is seeking $400m (£290m) in government assistance or bank finance to invest in expanding capacity. Serum is selling a dose of the vaccine at $2 to India's government and "this rate is not enough to sustain further expansion," he says. "This was not budget or planned initially because we were supposed to export [more] and get the funding from exporting countries. Now that is not happening and we have to find other innovative ways to build our capacity, so we can support our nation in light of the surge in cases," Mr Poonawala told NDTV. Clearly, India's vaccine "shortage" will have a worldwide impact. Last month India placed a temporary hold on all exports of the Oxford-AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine. Serum says it shipped 30 million doses to Covax in January and February - half of its capacity - and now there's a shortfall of "30-40 million [export] doses". "We have told them the need [for doses] is India is so severe that we need to prioritise Indian needs over that of exports," Mr Poonawala told CNBC-TV18. He also told Business Standard newspaper that Astra Zeneca had sent his firm a "legal notice (for delays in supplying the vaccine) and the Indian government is also aware of that". Experts say the vaccine shortages in parts of India could be because of supply bottlenecks. Vaccine makers had also possibly "oversold" their capacities while taking orders from all over the world. "As the cases rise and vaccine hesitancy falls, the demand for doses will increase. We have to plan better," says a senior official, who preferred to remain unnamed. At the moment, India doesn't have too many options. A new vaccine - possibly Sputnik V - is expected to be approved by June. Covovax, another coronavirus vaccine being developed by Serum Institute in partnership with American vaccine developer Novavax, is not expected to be available before September. So India has to prioritise jabs. There's no other way to bring down the number of people dying of Covid-19 than to speedily provide shots to more than 120 million of India's elderly. This needs to be done in the next few weeks, with the help of local governments, civil society, including religious leaders and backed by focused communication campaigns, says Mr Kurien.

ভারতের উত্তরাঞ্চলীয় রাজ্য উত্তরপ্রদেশে করোনাভাইরাসের টিকা নেয়ার জন্য গত দুদিন ধরে চেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাচ্ছেন সঞ্জয় কুমার এবং তার বৃদ্ধা মা।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Russian space agency Roscosmos says it has signed an agreement with China's National Space Administration to develop research facilities on the surface of the moon, in orbit or both. A statement from both countries' space agencies says it will be available for use by other nations. It comes as Russia prepares to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its first-ever manned space flight. The International Scientific Lunar Station will carry out a wide range of scientific research including exploration and utilisation of the moon, a statement from both agencies said. "China and Russia will use their accumulated experience in space science, research and development and use of space equipment and space technology to jointly develop a road map for the construction of an international lunar scientific research station," the statement (in Mandarin) said. It added that both Russia and China will collaborate in the planning, design, development and operation of the research station. Chen Lan, an analyst who specialises in China's space programme, told AFP news agency that the project was a "big deal". "This will be the largest international space cooperation project for China, so it's significant," he said. China is a relatively late bloomer when it comes to the world of space exploration but last December its Chang'e-5 probe successfully brought back rock and "soil" it picked up from the moon. At the time it was seen as another demonstration of the country's increasing capability in space. Russia, which pioneered space exploration, has been eclipsed by China and the United States in recent years. Last year it lost its monopoly on taking astronauts to the International Space station following SpaceX's successful launch. The US has announced plans to return to the moon by 2024. The programme, called Artemis, will see a man and woman step on the lunar surface in what would be the first landing with humans since 1972. You may be interested in watching:

চাঁদে মহাকাশ স্টেশন তৈরি জন্য এক পরিকল্পনার কথা ঘোষণা করেছে রাশিয়া ও চীন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Under the Article 50 process, talks on the terms of exit and future relations will begin and are expected to take two years. But what should we in Wales look out for during this process? BBC Wales' correspondents have some suggestions. AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT - Steffan Messenger For Wales' farmers, much will depend on getting the right trade deal. With 90% of Welsh agricultural produce currently exported to the EU, farming leaders want unfettered access to the major market on their doorstep. Talk of new agreements with New Zealand, the US and elsewhere is prompting talk of foreign meat flooding supermarket shelves and fears that current high production standards could be undermined. After decades of abiding by the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the chance to rewrite the rule book is an exciting prospect for many. But big questions remain about whether it is the Welsh Government or Westminster who will take charge. There are questions too about whether they will continue to subsidise farmers. For many in Wales, the payments they receive from Brussels are the difference between making a profit or loss, accounting for 81% of Welsh farms' income in 2014-15. When it comes to the environment, virtually all the laws which protect wildlife and water quality, and which tackle air pollution and climate change, have their roots in Brussels. Any plans to change environmental protections will be watched closely by those on both sides of the Brexit divide. BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS - Brian Meechan and Sarah Dickins Wales has had significant amounts of EU cash to grow its economy, generate jobs and improve living standards. It has been spent on a wide range of initiatives in west Wales and the valleys, including road and port improvements and schemes to strengthen communities and support childcare. There is also a separate programme to develop rural areas. Many Welsh Government projects to improve people's skills have also been part-funded by the EU. They include Jobs Growth Wales, ReAct, Go Wales, and an apprenticeship programme. Whether similar schemes will continue after Brexit will depend on UK and Welsh government policies in the future. There is also the question of whether EU nationals working here will be allowed to stay, whether others will be allowed into the UK after Brexit, and if not, how skills will be developed within the UK labour pool to replace them. Because of the single market, Wales has been an attractive place for overseas companies to make products to sell across Europe, for example Japanese firms making TVs and computers. If the UK is no longer part of the single market, new agreements on tariffs and regulations will be needed, which may influence business decisions on investment. There are also firms whose ownership crosses several EU states, such as Airbus, which manufactures plane wings in Flintshire and transports them to Toulouse in France for assembly. Airbus is concerned about its ability to put staff on a plane in the UK and have them working in Toulouse the next day. The UK government has indicated it will try to negotiate special arrangements for key sectors. On tariffs, Theresa May has already said she will not accept the customs union in its current form when the UK leaves as it limits trade deals with non-EU countries. Businesses will want to know what this means for trade. The EU is currently our biggest market - 67% of Welsh exports go to the European Union. Some Welsh firms are already looking at opening offices in the EU. However there are also opportunities for new trade deals with the likes of the US, China and India. Welsh productivity is about 30% lower than the rest of the UK's, which itself lags behind competitors including France and Germany. More investment in roads and rail might make the country more productive. The South Wales Metro is part-funded by the EU and First Minister Carwyn Jones has said without that money, it could take longer to deliver the project. EDUCATION - Colette Hume International students are big business for Welsh universities and there are concerns about the impact of leaving the EU on the number choosing to study in Wales. According to the universities admission service Ucas the number of EU applicants choosing to study in the UK decreased by 7% this year. Universities say it is still to soon to fully understand the implications of leaving the EU in terms of research and development. But with so many projects supported by EU cash it seems improbable that institutions will not be affected - then of course there is the issue of brain drain. Will internationally renowned academics based in Wales choose to take their skills elsewhere when EU funding runs out? HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE - Owain Clarke Official data suggests about 6% of doctors working in Wales qualified in another EU country and there are recruitment problems in certain parts of Wales and in some specialist areas. The UK government would need to clarify its intentions on the ability of EU nationals to work in the health and care sectors. There will be questions too about access to healthcare for EU citizens living here, and for Welsh people living in EU countries, and what the arrangements will be for tourists who currently use the European Health Insurance Card to get treatment when on holiday. Like in the rest of the UK, Welsh NHS workers will be keeping an eye on what happens to the working time directive because of the possible impact on their rotas, pay and contracts. In addition there will be pros and cons to any changes in the regulation of medicines and clinical trials. CULTURE - Huw Thomas The former chairman of Welsh National Opera and prominent Remain campaigner, Geraint Talfan Davies, has suggested that at least £2.3m in European funding was due to be spent on Welsh cultural projects by 2020. But Mr Davies, also a former controller of BBC Wales and chairman of the Arts Council, said it was harder to quantify other benefits such as the money made available to international consortia, and initiatives such as the EU Capital of Culture. He argues that the focus during Brexit negotiations should be on "retaining UK participation in the EU's cultural programmes, for artistic as much as financial reasons". Anecdotally, some parts of the creative industries are already benefiting from a Brexit boost. I'm told the weaker pound has helped exports, and encouraged deals with foreign buyers, in areas such as film and animation. But unrestricted access to existing trading partners in the European Union, and minimal travel restrictions on touring companies and individual performers, are prominent items on the wish-list from Wales' cultural and creative community.

ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন ছেড়ে বেরিয়ে যেতে ব্রিটিশ প্রধানমন্ত্রী টেরিজা মে যে খসড়া চুক্তি করেছেন, সেটির ওপর আজ (মঙ্গলবার) রাতে ব্রিটিশ পার্লামেন্টে ভোটাভুটি হবে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Travel restrictions in the rest of Hubei province, where Wuhan is located, will be lifted from midnight on Tuesday - for residents who are healthy. A single new case of the virus was reported in Wuhan on Tuesday following almost a week of no reported new cases. Countries around the world have gone into lockdown or imposed severe curbs. The UK is getting to grips with sweeping new measures to tackle the spread of coronavirus, including a ban on public gatherings of more than two people and the immediate closure of shops selling non-essential goods. Meanwhile, health experts say Americans must limit their social interactions or the number of infections will overwhelm the health care system in the US. Spanish soldiers helping to fight the coronavirus pandemic have found elderly patients in retirement homes abandoned and, in some cases, dead in their beds, the defence ministry has said. An ice rink in Madrid is to be used as a temporary mortuary for Covid-19 victims. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that the pandemic is accelerating, with more than 300,000 cases now confirmed. It is urging countries to adopt rigorous testing and contact-tracing strategies. Wuhan has been shut off from the rest of the world since the middle of January. But officials now say anyone who has a "green" code on a widely used smartphone health app will be allowed to leave the city from 8 April. Earlier, the authorities reported a new case of coronavirus in Wuhan, ending a five-day run of no reported new cases in the city. It comes after health officials there confirmed that they were not counting cases of people who were positive but had not been admitted to hospital or did not show any symptoms of the disease. Official government figures say there have been 78 new cases reported on the Chinese mainland in the last 24 hours. All but four of them were caused by infected travellers arriving from abroad. This so-called "second wave" of imported infections is also affecting countries like South Korea and Singapore, which had been successful in stopping the spread of disease in recent weeks. South Korea has been seeing a drop in its daily tally of new cases. On Tuesday it reported its lowest number since 29 February. China looks to repair its reputation By Robin Brant, BBC News, Shanghai China considers itself to be - very nearly - a "post corona" country. In the last week we've heard Wuhan medics warning the UK and others that they need to do more to protect frontline health workers, citing the mistakes they made early on when some treated patients without wearing proper protective clothing. But there's also been reporting in state media of the reported death toll in Italy surpassing that in China. This has been combined with some commentary from prominent media figures that has appeared distasteful, almost triumphalist. At the same time there is a panic about the threat of a second wave from imported cases - travellers arriving from abroad. This has fuelled the view - right or wrong - that some other countries aren't taking the threat seriously because they aren't doing what China did. (Almost all the cases in Beijing that have been made public are of Chinese nationals returning home). Meanwhile, well away from senior leaders, there are some high-profile diplomatic figures using international-facing social media to spread theories that the US may have weaponised and dumped the virus in China. Or that Italy had cases that may have been Covid-19 earlier than China. China is sowing seeds of doubt and questioning assumed truths as it looks to repair its reputation. What's the latest from around Asia? Europe's battle against virus intensifies UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced on Monday night that, with immediate effect, "people will only be allowed to leave their home...for very limited purposes". They include shopping for basic necessities, taking one form of exercise per day, fulfilling any medical need, or travelling to work if working from home is impossible. The number of people who have died in the UK rose to 335 on Monday. In Italy, the worst-hit country in the world, the authorities said 602 people with Covid-19 had died in the past 24 hours, bringing the total death toll there to 6,077. But the daily increase in cases was the smallest since Thursday, raising hope that the stringent restrictions imposed by the government were starting to have an effect. Spain, however, said on Tuesday that its death toll had risen by 514 to 2,696. Nearly 40,000 are infected, about 5,400 of them healthcare workers.

বিশ্বের নানা দেশ যখন করোনাভাইরাসের বিস্তার ঠেকাতে মরিয়া হয়ে লড়ছে - তখন চীনের কর্তৃপক্ষ ঘোষণা করেছে যে আগামী ৮ই এপ্রিল থেকে উহান শহরে আংশিকভাবে লকডাউন উঠে যাবে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Dooshima AbuBBC Pidgin, Plateau state They were fleeing from a neighbouring village - a mainly Christian community. They say they came under attack at about 15:00 (14:00 GMT) from about 300 well-armed men - suspected cattle herders, who are mostly Muslims - who started shooting sporadically and burning down their homes. Some of those who managed to escape ran towards the mainly Muslim neighbourhood nearby where the imam lived, arriving over the next hour. The cleric immediately came to their aid, hiding in total 262 men, women and children in his home and mosque. "I first took the women to my personal house to hide them. Then I took the men to the mosque," the imam told BBC Pidgin. We have blurred the faces of the imam and the villages, for their own safety. This was the latest wave of violence to hit Nigeria's central region where farming communities and nomadic cattle herders often clash - usually over access to land and grazing rights. The region is prone to religious tension - herders are ethnic Fulani and mostly Muslim, while the farmers are mostly Christian from the Berom ethnic group. Hundred of people have been killed in 2018, and the tit-for-tat violence has been ongoing for several years. A report from 2016 suggested Nigeria's pastoral conflict was the cause of more deaths that year than Boko Haram. Had the imam not intervened, the death toll may have been much higher, as the armed men stormed into the mainly Muslim village in pursuit of those who had fled the mainly Christian village nearby. One of the villagers described the panicked scenes, saying: "First they attacked a village before us so we ran to the security post. "But then they started firing towards the security post so we all ran away - even the security personnel." When the attackers heard that the villagers had fled towards the mosque, they demanded that the imam bring out those he was hiding. But the defenceless imam refused to comply - and also refused to allow them entry to the mosque. He began to plead with the herdsmen, who were threatening to burn down the mosque and his house. He then prostrated himself on the floor in front of the armed men. Along with some others in the Muslim community, he began to cry and wail, asking them to leave. And to their amazement the herdsmen did go - but then set two nearby churches on fire. More on Nigeria's Fulani-farmer conflict The imam later told the BBC that he wanted to help because more than 40 years ago, the Christians in the area had allowed the Muslims to build the mosque. They had freely given over the land to the Muslim community, he said. "Since we have been living together with the Beroms, we have not experienced an ugly incident like the attack on Saturday," another Muslim leader told the BBC. Those whose lives were saved by the imam expressed their gratitude and relief. "Ever since they took us into the mosque, not once did they ask us to leave, not even for them to pray," said the local chief. "They provided dinner and lunch for us and we are grateful." The villagers stayed with the imam for five days - and have since moved to a camp for displaced people. More than 2,000 people are now living there, and others are living with relatives and friends. Those who fled to the mosque cannot return to their village, as there is no security presence there and their homes have been destroyed. One local Fulani leader told the BBC: "A number of the Fulanis who carried out this attack are foreigners. "When we try to stop them at the mosque, some of them beat up one of the elders." When I visited the village it was completely deserted. I saw a church that had been attacked - all the chairs had been broken and the pastor's house set alight. He died in the fire. The authorities say five rural communities were targeted last Saturday - in an operation that lasted more than five hours. But locals dispute the official figures, saying 11 communities were attacked. "They killed four of my children," a 70-year-old man told the BBC, in tears. "And now I do not have anyone to give me food". The attackers first looted the houses and shops before setting them ablaze. Not even their livestock were spared. Witnesses say the attackers chanted "Allahu Akbar" as they raided the buildings. Security forces did not intervene until around 20:00 (19:00GMT), when operatives from the military task force Safe Haven arrived to evacuate those affected - mostly women and children. Force spokesman Adamu Umar said several attacks had been coordinated to take place simultaneously - this, he said, made it difficult for officers to suppress. A curfew has now been imposed in three parts of Plateau state following the violence. Pointing to a mass grave, one resident cried as he described the devastation to his village. "In this community alone 83 persons died," he said, "see how they are buried". "We were born here. Where do they want us to run to?"

নাইজেরিয়ার একজন ইমাম যখন তার গ্রামে শত শত ভীতসন্ত্রস্ত পরিবারকে গত শনিবার ছুটে আসতে দেখলেন, তখন তিনি তার নিজের জীবনের ঝুঁকি নিয়ে তাদেরকে বাঁচাতে এগিয়ে যাওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নিলেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Of the women who said they had been harassed, 63% said they didn't report it to anyone, and 79% of the male victims kept it to themselves. The ComRes poll for BBC Radio 5 live spoke to more than 2,000 people. The survey was commissioned after sexual assault claims against Harvey Weinstein resulted in widespread sharing of sexual harassment stories. Women and men who have been sexually harassed have been revealing their experiences on social media using the hashtag "me too" to show the magnitude of the problem worldwide. That followed allegations, including rape and sexual assault, against Mr Weinstein from more than two dozen women - among them actresses Angelina Jolie, Gwyneth Paltrow and Rose McGowan. The Hollywood producer insists sexual relations he had were consensual. The Radio 5 live survey, of 2,031 British adults, found that 37% of all those asked - 53% of women and 20% of men - said they had experienced sexual harassment, ranging from inappropriate comments to actual sexual assaults, at work or a place of study. More than a quarter of people surveyed had suffered harassment in the form of inappropriate jokes or "banter" and nearly one in seven had suffered inappropriate touching. Of those who had been harassed, 5 live's survey suggests one in 10 women had been sexually assaulted. More women than men were targeted by a boss or senior manager - 30% compared with 12% - and one in 10 women who had experienced harassment said it led to them leaving their job or place of study. Sarah Killcoyne, from Cambridge, told BBC News she was sexually assaulted when she was still in education by two different men - a school teacher when she was a teenager and later by a college professor. She said: "I would very much like to see the people around the predators - we know there's only a few of them - to stop enabling them." 'Dirty and uncomfortable' One man, who did not want to be identified, said he had been harassed by his female boss. He said: “She made constant comments about my appearance and how I dressed - comments asking about my hairy chest and what I liked in a woman. "[It was] all laughed off by other mainly female office staff, but it left me feeling dirty and uncomfortable. "I ended up with depression and confidence issues and had time off with anxiety as a result.” Since the allegations about Mr Weinstein surfaced, many high profile names have used social media to highlight the problem of sexual assault, some also detailing the harassment they have endured. 'Paralysed by fear' Jess Phillips and Mary Creagh were among the MPs to reveal their accounts as they wanted to encourage victims of abuse to speak out. Labour's Ms Phillips told the London Evening Standard how she had been left "paralysed by fear" when she woke up at a party to find her boss undoing her belt and trying to get into her trousers. Fellow Labour MP Ms Creagh said she was just seven when she was sexually assaulted by about 12 boys during a school playground game of kiss-chase. The results of the BBC survey follow research published last year by the TUC which also suggested more than half of women say they have been sexually harassed at work - and most had not reported it. Reports low People often fail to report sexual harassment for a range of reasons, Manuela Barreto , the University of Exeter's professor of social and organisational psychology, told the BBC. They might feel the harassment took place in a "subtle" way, or was couched in humour. When one case is exposed in the media, however, those effects change. "It facilitates understanding, and therefore detection, of what qualifies as sexual harassment," she says. "It gives the message that it's a serious matter and that there are many out there who support the perception that this is a problem." #MeToo momentum Activist Tarana Burke is the founder of the original Me Too campaign - launched 10 years ago in the United States to provide "empowerment through empathy" to survivors of sexual abuse, assault, exploitation, and harassment in underprivileged communities. She told 5 Live she feels there is now momentum behind a genuine change in the way sexual harassment is handled. "From what I'm seeing and hearing, and from the groundswell of support for this, it doesn't feel like it's stopping," she said. "My ultimate goal is to make sure this is not just a moment, that this is a movement, and we will continue to raise our voices, we will continue to disrupt, we will continue to tell our stories until we are heard and until we move the needle."

বিবিসির এক জরিপে উঠে এসেছে, কর্মক্ষেত্রে বা পড়াশুনার জায়গায় অর্ধেক ব্রিটিশ নারীই যৌন হয়রানির শিকার হচ্ছেন, এমনকি এক পঞ্চমাংশ পুরুষও যৌন হয়রানির শিকার হয়েছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The government's own records appear to show almost 42,000 people died with Covid-19 symptoms up to 20 July, versus 14,405 reported by its health ministry. The number of people known to be infected is also almost double official figures: 451,024 as opposed to 278,827. The official numbers still make Iran the worst-hit in the Middle East. In recent weeks, it has suffered a second steep rise in the number of cases. The first death in Iran from Covid-19 was recorded on 22 January, according to lists and medical records that have been passed to the BBC. This was almost a month before the first official case of coronavirus was reported there. Since the outbreak of the virus in Iran, many observers have doubted the official numbers. There have been irregularities in data between national and regional levels, which some local authorities have spoken out about, and statisticians have tried to give alternative estimates.. A level of undercounting, largely due to testing capacity, is seen across the world, but the information leaked to the BBC reveals Iranian authorities have reported significantly lower daily numbers despite having a record of all deaths - suggesting they were deliberately suppressed. Where did the data come from? The data was sent to the BBC by an anonymous source. It includes details of daily admissions to hospitals across Iran, including names, age, gender, symptoms, date and length of periods spent in hospital, and underlying conditions patients might have. The details on lists correspond to those of some living and deceased patients already known to the BBC. The source says they have shared this data with the BBC to "shed light on truth" and to end "political games" over the epidemic. The discrepancy between the official figures and the number of deaths on these records also matches the difference between the official figure and calculations of excess mortality until mid-June. Excess mortality refers to the number of deaths above and beyond what would be expected under "normal" conditions. What does the data reveal? Tehran, the capital, has the highest number of deaths with 8,120 people who died with Covid-19 or symptoms similar to it. The city of Qom, the initial epicentre of the virus in Iran, is worst hit proportionally, with 1,419 deaths - that is one death with Covid-19 for every 1,000 people. It is notable that, across the country, 1,916 deaths were non-Iranian nationals. This indicates a disproportionate number of deaths amongst migrants and refugees, who are mostly from neighbouring Afghanistan. The overall trend of cases and deaths in the leaked data is similar to official reports, albeit different in size. The initial rise of deaths is far steeper than Health Ministry figures and by mid-March it was five times the official figure. Lockdown measures were imposed over the Nowruz (Iranian New Year) holidays at the end of the third week in March, and there was a corresponding decline in cases and deaths. But as government restrictions were relaxed, the cases and deaths started to rise again after late-May. Crucially the first recorded death on the leaked list occurred on 22 January, a month before the first case of coronavirus was officially reported in Iran. At the time Health Ministry officials were adamant in acknowledging not a single case of coronavirus in the country, despite reports by journalists inside Iran, and warnings from various medical professionals. In 28 days until the first official acknowledgement on 19 February, 52 people had already died. Who were the first whistleblowers? Doctors with direct knowledge of the matter have told the BBC that the Iranian health ministry has been under pressure from security and intelligence bodies inside Iran. Dr Pouladi (not their real name) told the BBC that the ministry "was in denial". "Initially they did not have testing kits and when they got them, they weren't used widely enough. The position of the security services was not to admit to the existence of coronavirus in Iran," Dr Pouladi said. It was the persistence of two brothers, both doctors from Qom, which forced the health ministry to acknowledge the first official case. When Dr Mohammad Molayi and Dr Ali Molayi lost their brother, they insisted he should still be tested for Covid-19, which turned out to be positive. In Kamkar hospital, where their brother died, numerous patients were admitted with similar symptoms to Covid-19, and they would not respond to the usual treatments. Nevertheless, none of them were tested for the disease. Dr Pouladi says: "They got unlucky. Someone with both decency and influence lost his brother. Dr Molayi had access to these gentlemen [health ministry officials] and did not give up." Dr Molayi released a video of his late brother with a statement. The health ministry then finally acknowledged the first recorded case. Nevertheless state TV ran a report criticising him and falsely claiming the video of his brother was months old. Why the cover-up? The start of outbreak coincided both with the anniversary of the 1979 Islamic Revolution and with parliamentary elections. These were major opportunities for the Islamic Republic to demonstrate its popular support and not risk damaging it because of the virus. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader, accused some of wanting to use the coronavirus to undermine the election. In the event, the election had a very low turnout. Before the global coronavirus pandemic hit, Iran was already experiencing a series of its own crises. In November 2019, the government increased the price of petrol overnight and cracked down violently on protests which followed. Hundreds of protesters were killed in a few days. In January this year, the Iranian response to the US assassination of top Iranian general Qasem Soleimani, seen as one of the most powerful figures in Iran after its Supreme Leader, created another problem. Then Iranian armed forces - on high alert - mistakenly fired missiles at a Ukrainian airliner only minutes after it had taken off from Tehran's international airport. All 176 people on board were killed. The Iranian authorities initially tried to cover up what happened, but after three days they were forced to admit it, resulting in considerable loss of face. Dr Nouroldin Pirmoazzen, a former MP who also was an official at the health ministry, told the BBC that in this context, the Iranian government was "anxious and fearful of the truth" when coronavirus hit Iran. He said: "The government was afraid that the poor and the unemployed would take to the streets." Dr Pirmoazzen points to the fact that Iran stopped international health organisation Médecins Sans Frontières from treating coronavirus cases in the central province of Isfahan as evidence of how security-conscious its approach towards the pandemic is. Iran was going through tough times even before the military showdown with the US and coronavirus hit. The sanctions which followed Donald Trump's withdrawal from the nuclear deal in May 2018 hit the economy hard. Dr Pouladi says: "Those who brought the country to this point don't pay the price. It is the poor people of the country and my poor patients who pay the price with their lives." "In the confrontation between the governments of the US and Iran we are getting crushed with pressures from both sides." The health ministry has said that the country's reports to the World Health Organization regarding the number of coronavirus cases and deaths are "transparent" and "far from any deviations".

ইরানে করোনাভাইরাসে মৃত্যুর সংখ্যা দেশটির সরকার যা দাবি করেছে, তার চেয়ে প্রায় তিনগুণ বেশি বলে বিবিসির পার্সিয়ান সার্ভিসের এক তদন্তে বেরিয়ে এসেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Tulip MazumdarGlobal health correspondent in San Diego We've been here many times before. In the past five years alone, the world has faced outbreaks of Ebola, Zika, another coronavirus called Mers (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), and now the virus simply known as "2019-nCoV". It's already infected thousands of people and killed more than 100. But unlike in many previous outbreaks, where vaccines to protect people have taken years to develop, research for a vaccine to help stem this outbreak got under way within hours of the virus being identified. Chinese officials released its genetic code very quickly. That information helps scientists determine where the virus probably came from, how it might mutate as the outbreak develops, and how to protect people against it. With technological advances and greater commitment from governments around the world to fund research on emerging diseases, research facilities were able to spring into action fast. Unprecedented speed At Inovio's lab in San Diego, scientists are using a relatively new type of DNA technology to develop a potential vaccine. "INO-4800" - as it's currently called - with plans for it to enter human trials by the early summer. Kate Broderick, senior vice-president of research and development at Inovio, said: "Once China had provided the DNA sequence of this virus, we were able to put it through our lab's computer technology and design a vaccine within three hours. "Our DNA medicine vaccines are novel in that they use DNA sequences from the virus to target specific parts of the pathogen which we believe the body will mount the strongest response to. "We then use the patient's own cells to become a factory for the vaccine, strengthening the body's own natural response mechanisms." Inovio says if the initial human trials are a success, larger trials would follow, ideally in an outbreak setting in China "by the end of the year". It is impossible to predict whether this outbreak is likely to have ended by then. But if Inovio's timeline goes to plan, the company says it will be the quickest a new vaccine has ever been developed and tested in an outbreak situation. The last time a similar virus - Sars - emerged in 2002 - China was slow to let the world know what was happening. So by the time work on a vaccine started in earnest, the outbreak was almost over. The timeline of 2019-nCoV The work in these labs is being funded by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (Cepi), which is made up of and funded by governments and philanthropic organisations from around the world. It was created in the aftermath of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa to provide funding to accelerate the development of vaccines for new diseases. Dr Melanie Saville, director of vaccine research and development at Cepi, said: "The mission is to make sure that outbreaks are no longer a threat to humanity and to develop vaccines for emerging infectious diseases." 'Molecular clamp' Cepi is also funding two other programmes that are developing a vaccine for this new coronavirus. The University of Queensland is working on a "molecular clamp" vaccine, which it says "enables targeted and rapid vaccine production against multiple viral pathogens." Moderna Inc in Massachusetts has also joined forces with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to accelerate its research. The WHO is co-ordinating this global quest for a new vaccine. It says it is following the progress of a number of research facilities, including the three supported by Cepi. Although efforts to come up with a vaccine for this new coronavirus have been accelerated, research is still at an early stage at all the facilities in the race to find a new vaccine. Clinical trials take time and are best carried out within an outbreak setting. There are no guarantees any of the designs so far will be safe and effective enough to be used in the outbreak in China. Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo from the WHO's Health Emergencies programme said: "We have developed a framework to inform decisions on which candidate vaccine(s) should be tested first. "The experts will consider a number of criteria, including acceptable safety profile, induction of appropriate immune responses, and the timely availability of sufficient supplies of vaccine doses. "Understanding the disease, its reservoirs, its transmission, its clinical severity and developing effective counter measures is critical for the control of the outbreak." The WHO is due to decide which vaccine will be tested on humans first in the coming days. Inovio has announced that it will collaborate with a biotech company in Beijing who can help manage human trials which are due to start in the summer. Dr J. Joseph Kim, president and CEO of Inovio, said: "This collaboration allows us to enter China and deliver our vaccine into the areas where they need it most as soon as possible." Learn more about the new virus

নতুন একটি ভয়াবহ ভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত হয়েছে হাজার হাজার মানুষ। এই রোগের কোনো আরোগ্য নেই, নেই কোনো প্রতিষেধক।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Dr Wagner, who teaches imperial history at Queen Mary University of London, says the couple told him they did not feel comfortable with the "thing" in their house, and did not know what to do with it. The lower jaw of the skull was missing, the few remaining teeth were loose, and it had the "sepia hue of old age". But what was remarkable was a detailed handwritten note in a neatly folded slip of paper inserted in an eye socket. The note told the brief story of the skull: Skull of Havildar "Alum Bheg," 46th Regt. Bengal N. Infantry who was blown away from a gun, amongst several others of his Regt. He was a principal leader in the mutiny of 1857 & of a most ruffianly disposition. He took possession (at the head of a small party) of the road leading to the fort, to which place all the Europeans were hurrying for safety. His party surprised and killed Dr. Graham shooting him in his buggy by the side of his daughter. His next victim was the Rev. Mr. Hunter, a missionary, who was flying with his wife and daughters in the same direction. He murdered Mr Hunter, and his wife and daughters after being brutally treated were butchered by the road side. Alum Bheg was about 32 years of age; 5 feet 7 ½ inches high and by no means an ill looking native. The skull was brought home by Captain (AR) Costello (late Capt. 7th Drag. Guards), who was on duty when Alum Bheg was executed. What was clear from the note was that the skull was of a rebel Indian soldier called Alum Bheg, who belonged to the Bengal Regiment and who was executed in 1858 by being blown from the mouth of a cannon in Sialkot (a town in Punjab province located in present-day Pakistan); and that a man who witnessed the execution brought the skull to England. The note is silent on why Bheg committed the alleged murders. Native Hindu and Muslim soldiers, also known as sepoys, rebelled against the British East India Company in 1857 over fears that gun cartridges were greased with animal fat forbidden by their religions. The British ruled India for 200 years until the country's independence in 1947. The couple in Essex had trawled the internet and failed to find anything about Bheg. They contacted Dr Wagner after they found his name as a historian who had authored a book on the Indian uprising, often referred to as the first war of independence. 'Grisly trophy' On a wet November day, which was also his birthday, Dr Wagner met the couple. They told him that they had inherited the skull after one of their relatives took over a pub in Kent called The Lord Clyde in 1963, and found the skull stored under some old crates and boxes in a small room in the back of the building. Nobody quite knows how the skull ended up in the pub. The local media had excitedly reported on the "nerve-shattering discovery" in 1963 and carried pictures of the new pub owners "proudly posing with the grisly trophy" before it was put up on display at the pub. When the owners died, it was finally passed on to their relatives who simply hid it away. "And so it was I found myself standing in a small train station in Essex with a human skull in my bag. Not just any other skull but one directly related to a part of history that I write about and that I teach my students every year," says Dr Wagner. What was very clear, he says, is that it was a "trophy skull, irrevocably linked to a narrative of violence". But first Dr Wagner had to confirm that the skull matched the history outlined in the note, written by an unknown person. At London's Natural History Museum, an expert examined it and suggested that it dated back to the mid-19th Century; and that it definitely belonged to a male of Asian ancestry, who was possibly in his mid-30s. There was no sign of violence, said the expert, which is not unusual in the case of execution by cannon, where the torso takes the full impact of the blast. The skull also bore cut marks from a tool, suggesting that the head was defleshed by being boiled or being left exposed to insects. Dr Wagner says he did not believe immediately that it would be possible to find out very much more about Bheg. Individual soldiers rarely left any traces in the colonial archives, with the possible exception of someone like Mangal Pandey, who fired the first shot at a British officer on 29 March 1857 on the outskirts of Kolkata and stirred up a wave of rebellion in India against the colonial power. Bheg's name was not mentioned in any of the documents, reports, letters, memoirs and trial records from the period in the archives and libraries in India and UK. There were also no descendants demanding the return of the skull. But there were a few helpful discoveries. Dr Wagner found the letters of Bheg's alleged victims to their families. What proved crucial, he says, in piecing the story together were the letters and memoirs of an American missionary, Andrew Gordon, who lived in Sialkot during and after the uprising. He knew both Dr Graham and the Hunters - Bheg's victims - personally and he had attended the soldier's execution. There was also a revealing report in the illustrated newspaper, The Sphere, in 1911 on a grisly exhibit in a museum in Whitehall: The ghastly memento of the Indian Mutiny has, we are informed, just been placed in the museum of the Royal United Service Institution at Whitehall. It is a skull of a sepoy of the 49th Regiment of Bengal Infantry who was blown from the guns in 1858 with eighteen others. The skull has been converted into a cigar box as we see. The newspaper said that "while we may be able to understand all the savagery of the terrible time - the cruelty of the natives and the cruel retribution that followed - is it not an outrage that a memento of our retribution, which in these days would not be tolerated for a moment, should be placed on exhibition in a great public institution?" Battling a famine of evidence, Dr Wagner began researching Bheg. He worked in the archives in London and Delhi, and travelled to Sialkot to locate the forgotten battlefield of the four-day Trimmu Ghat clash in July 1857 - during which the Sialkot rebels, including Bheg, were intercepted and defeated by General John Nicholson. The general was mortally wounded two months later leading the assault to recapture Delhi from the mutineers. He relied on letters, petitions, proclamations and statements by rebels after the outbreak of the uprising, went through 19th Century newspaper databases and scanned books. "It was only after I spent some time researching the story, in the UK and in India, that I managed to piece a historical narrative together and realised that there was a bigger story to tell," he told me. 'Detective novel' The result is Wagner's new book, The Skull of Alum Bheg, a vivid page-turner on life and death in British India during the largest anti-colonial revolt of the 19th Century. Yasmin Khan, associate professor of history at the University of Oxford, says the book "reads like a detective novel and yet is also an important contribution to understanding British rule and the extent of colonial violence". Dr Wagner writes that his book sets out to "restore some of the humanity and dignity that has been denied to Alum Bheg by telling the story of his life and death during one of the most dramatic episodes in the history of British India". "I hope I have prepared the ground for Alum Bheg to finally find some peace, some 160 years late." In Dr Wagner's telling, Alum Bheg - properly transliterated as Alim Beg - was a Sunni Muslim from northern India. The Bengal Regiment was raised in Cawnpore (now Kanpur) in today's Uttar Pradesh state, and it is likely that Bheg hailed from the region. Muslims made up around 20% of the largely Hindu regiments. Bheg was responsible for a small detachment of soldiers, and had a gruelling routine, guarding the camp, carrying letters and working as a peon for higher officials of the regiment. After the revolt in July 1857, he appeared to have evaded the British troops until his capture and execution nearly a year later. Resting place Captain Costello, who was described as being present at the execution in the note, was established as Robert George Costello. Dr Wagner believes he is the man who brought the skull back to Britain. He was born in Ireland and sent to India in 1857, and retired from his commission 10 months later, boarded a steamer from India in October 1858, and reached Southampton a little more than a month later. "The final aim of my research is to prepare for Bheg to be repatriated to India, if at all possible," Dr Wagner says. You might also like: He says there have been no claims to the skull, but he's in touch with Indian institutions and the British High Commission in India is also involved in the initial discussions. "I am very keen for Alum Bheg's repatriation not to be politicised, and for the skull not to end up in a glass-case in a museum or simply be forgotten in a box somewhere," says Dr Wagner. "My hope is for Alum Bheg to be repatriated and buried in a respectful manner in the near future." A fitting place to bury Bheg, he believes, would be on the island on the Ravi river, where the sepoy and his fellow soldiers had taken refuge after surviving the first day of the battle and which today marks the border between India and Pakistan. "Ultimately, that is not for me to decide, but whatever happens, the final chapter of Alum Bheg's story has yet to be written." Photographs courtesy Kim Wagner

২০১৪ সালে লন্ডনের মাইল এন্ডে নিজের অফিস কক্ষে বসে কাজ করার সময় একটি ইমেইল পান ইতিহাসবিদ কিম ওয়াগনার, যেখানে এক দম্পতি লিখেছেন যে তাদের কাছে কংকালের মাথার খুলি আছে। কিন্তু সেটি তারা বাড়িতে রাখতে চান না আর বুঝতেও পারছেন না তাদের কী করা উচিত।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Laura BickerBBC News, Seoul But there is a reason we treat reports about North Korean officials being executed with extreme caution. The claims are incredibly difficult to verify and they are very often wrong. Both the South Korean media and the government in Seoul have reported on purges in the past - only for the "executed" officials to turn up a few weeks later looking alive and well next to the North Korean leader Kim Jong-un. On this occasion, a single anonymous source has told a newspaper in Seoul that Kim Hyok-chol, the former North Korean envoy to the US and a key figure in talks ahead of the summit between Kim Jong-un and Donald Trump in Hanoi, was executed at an airport in Pyongyang. The source claims that he was punished alongside four other foreign ministry executives. They were all charged with spying for the US and poorly reporting on the negotiations without properly grasping US intentions. It's also alleged that Kim Yong-chol, the North Korean leader's right hand man who was despatched to Washington to help arrange the Hanoi summit, has now been sent to a labour and re-education camp near the Chinese border. The report is plausible. These key officials have been out of the public eye since the summit in February. Kim Jong-un is clearly angry at the outcome of his talks with Donald Trump and may have been looking for someone to blame. His diplomatic gamble with the US has so far failed to yield results, which puts him under pressure. Strict economic sanctions remain in place. Discussions between Washington and Pyongyang have stalled. In Pyongyang, the decision may have been taken that someone has to pay the price. It's worth noting that the state's official Rodong Sinmun newspaper called out unspecified "betrayers" and "turncoats" in an editorial earlier this week. It said that those who "committed anti-party" and "anti-revolutionary actions" would come under the "stern judgement of the revolution". No names have been given, but the message is clear. Kim Jong-un has carried out executions in the past. In 2013, Mr Kim's powerful uncle, Jang Song-thaek, was executed for treason. South Korean intelligence services announced his death days before it was declared by the North. But so often these reports have turned out to be, dare I say it, fake news. The most (in)famous of these was the alleged death of singer Hyon Song-wol. In 2013, the same South Korean newspaper announced that she had been shot in a "hail of machine gun fire while members of her orchestra looked on". Last year, Hyon Song-wol swept into Seoul leading a visiting North Korean delegation ahead of the Winter Olympics looking rather glamorous in a fur coat and very much alive. She is now one of the most powerful women in North Korea. South Korean intelligence officials said in 2016 that the former military chief Ri Yong-gil had been executed for corruption. He appeared in state media a few months later - having been given a promotion. Sources within North Korea can often be a reporter's most valued asset, but also one of our most troublesome. We have no way of checking their claims. Intelligence services in Seoul and in the US are trying to establish the fate of Kim Hyok-chol, but unless Pyongyang decides to announce it themselves, we may never know.

আন্তর্জাতিক গণমাধ্যমে প্রকাশিত খবর থেকে জানা যাচ্ছে যে, উত্তর কোরিয়ার পারমাণবিক আলোচনা বিষয়ক দূতের মৃত্যুদণ্ড কার্যকর করা হয়েছে। যুক্তরাষ্ট্র আর উত্তর কোরিয়ার মধ্যে ব্যর্থ বৈঠকের জের ধরে কয়েকজন শীর্ষ কর্মকর্তার বিরুদ্ধে শাস্তির অংশ হিসাবে দেশটি এসব ব্যবস্থা নিচ্ছে বলে খবরে বলা হয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Michelle RobertsHealth editor, BBC News online The once-daily pill contains hormones designed to stop sperm production. It would be a welcome addition to condoms or vasectomy - the only options currently available to men. But doctors at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting were told it could still take a decade to bring it to market. Sex drive The female pill was launched in the UK more than 50 years ago. So why is a male pill proving so difficult? Some say there has been less societal and commercial will to get a male pill off the ground - but opinion polls suggest many men would consider taking it if a pill did become available. Whether women would trust men to reliably take it is another issue. A UK survey by Anglia Ruskin University, in 2011, found 70 out of 134 women would worry that their male partner would forget to take a pill. Biologically, the challenge of creating a hormone-based pill for men is making sure that it doesn't blunt sex drive or reduce erections. Sperm production In fertile men, new sperm cells are constantly made in the testicles, triggered by hormones. Temporarily blocking this effect without lowering hormone levels to such an extent that it creates side-effects is the issue. But this latest male pill, being tested by researchers from LA BioMed and the University of Washington, should hopefully achieve this goal, researchers say. Initial "phase one" safety tests with 40 men looked promising, they told the Endocrine 2019 meeting in New Orleans. For the 28 days of the study: And among those taking the androgen-based drug, levels of hormones required for sperm production dropped greatly compared with placebo, returning to normal after the trial. Erectile dysfunction Side-effects, meanwhile, were few and mild. Five men on the pill reported mildly decreased sex drive - and two described mild erectile dysfunction - but sexual activity was not decreased, no participant stopped taking it because of side-effects and all passed safety tests. The researchers behind the work, Prof Christina Wang and colleagues, are excited but cautious about the findings. "Our results suggest that this pill, which combines two hormonal activities in one, will decrease sperm production while preserving libido," she said. But bigger, longer trials were needed to check it would work well enough as a birth control. Body gel And this is not the only prototype hormone-based male contraceptive Prof Wang has been testing. She and colleagues have come up with a body gel men in the UK will be trying as part of an international trial. Users apply it daily to their back and shoulders, where it can be absorbed through the skin. Progestin hormone in the gel blocks natural testosterone production in the testicles, reducing sperm production to low or nonexistent levels, while replacement testosterone in the gel maintains sex drive and other functions that rely on the hormone. Meanwhile, Prof Wang, Dr Stephanie Page, and colleagues at the University of Washington School of Medicine, have been testing another compound - DMAU - that they believe men could take as an oral daily contraceptive pill. And trials in 100 men have suggested this is safe enough to move into the next phase of testing. Mood disorders Other scientists have been trying delivering longer-acting birth control hormones in a jab given every other month. But they stopped enrolling men to their phase-two study, looking at the safety and effectiveness of the injection, after some of the volunteers reported side-effects, including mood disorders or depression. For men who don't fancy taking hormones, researchers have been looking at ways to block sperm flow, stopping it from ever leaving the penis - effectively, a non-surgical vasectomy. Vasalgel - a polymer material that is injected into the two ducts that transports sperm from the left and right testicles to the penis - is being developed as a non-hormonal, reversible, long-acting male contraceptive. So far, it has been tested in animals only - but the researchers behind it have recently received funding to look to begin human trials. Potential market Prof Richard Anderson, of the University of Edinburgh, is leading one of the UK trials that will test a contraceptive body gel on men. He said the pharmaceutical industry had been slow to get behind the idea of a new male contraceptive despite good evidence that both men and their female partners would welcome the additional choice. "I think that industry has not been convinced about the potential market," he said. "It's certainly been a long story - part of it is lack of investment." Chequered history With little industry involvement, he said, researchers had had to rely on charitable and academic funding, which took time. Allan Pacey, professor of andrology, at the University of Sheffield, said: "The development of a male birth control pill, or injection, has had a chequered history without much success so far and so it is good to see that new preparations are being tested. "The key will be if there is enough pharmaceutical company interest to bring this product to market if their trials are successful. "Unfortunately, so far, there has been very little pharmaceutical company interest in bringing a male contraceptive pill to the market, for reasons that I don't fully understand but I suspect are more down to business than science."

পুরুষের জন্য এক ধরণের জন্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ বড়ি প্রাথমিকভাবে মানবদেহের জন্য নিরাপদ কিনা - তার পরীক্ষায় উত্তীর্ণ হয়েছে। আমেরিকার নিউ অর্লিনসে একটি নেতৃস্থানীয় মেডিক্যাল সম্মেলনে এ কথা ঘোষণা করা হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Hannah RitchieOxford Martin School This often forms part of a bid to become healthier, reduce their environmental impact, or consider animal welfare. A third of Britons claim to have either stopped eating meat or reduced it, while two thirds of those in the US say they are eating less of at least one meat. This trend is partly thanks to initiatives such as Meat-free Mondays and Veganuary. At the same time, a number of documentaries and high-profile advocates of veganism have highlighted the potential benefits of eating less meat. But have these sentiments had any effect on the ground? Rising incomes What we do know is that global meat consumption has increased rapidly over the past 50 years. Meat production today is nearly five times higher than in the early 1960s - from 70 million tonnes to more than 330 million tonnes in 2017. A big reason for this is that there are many more people to feed. Over that period the world population more than doubled. In the early 1960s there were around three billion of us, and today there are more than 7.6 billion. While population is part of the story, it doesn't entirely account for why meat production increased five-fold. Another key factor is rising incomes. Around the world, people have become richer, with the global average income more than tripling in half a century. When we compare consumption across different countries we see that, typically, the richer we are the more meat we eat. There are not just more people in the world - there are more people who can afford to eat meat. Who eats the most meat? We see a clear link with wealth when looking at patterns of meat consumption across the world. In 2013, the most recent year available, the US and Australia topped the tables for annual meat consumption. Alongside New Zealand and Argentina, both countries topped more than 100kg per person, the equivalent to about 50 chickens or half a cow each. In fact, high levels of meat consumption can be seen across the West, with most countries in Western Europe consuming between 80 and 90 kilograms of meat per person. At the other end of the spectrum, many of the world's poorest countries eat very little meat. The average Ethiopian consumes just 7kg, Rwandans 8kg and Nigerians 9kg. This is 10 times less than the average European. For those in low-income countries, meat is still very much a luxury. These figures represent the amount of meat per head available for consumption, but do not account for any food wasted at home or on the shop floor. In reality, people eat slightly less meat than this, but it's still a close estimate. Middle-income countries driving the demand for meat It is clear that the richest countries eat a lot of meat, and those on low incomes eat little. This has been the case for 50 years or more. So why are we collectively eating so much more meat? This trend has been largely driven from a growing band of middle-income countries. Rapidly growing nations like China and Brazil have seen significant economic growth in recent decades, and a large rise in meat consumption. In Kenya, meat consumption has changed little since 1960. By contrast, the average person in 1960s China consumed less than 5kg a year. By the late 1980s this had risen to 20kg, and in the last few decades this has more than tripled to over 60kg. The same thing happened in Brazil, where meat consumption has almost doubled since 1990 - overtaking almost all Western countries in the process. India is one notable exception. While average incomes have tripled since 1990, meat consumption hasn't followed suit. It is a misconception that the majority of India is vegetarian - two thirds of Indians do eat at least some meat, according to a nationwide survey. Nonetheless, the amount of meat consumed in India has remained small. At less than 4kg per person, it is the lowest in the world. This is likely to be partly down to cultural factors for some in India, including not eating certain types of meat for religious reasons. Is meat consumption falling in the West? Many in Europe and North America say they are trying to cut down on meat, but is it working? Not really, according to statistics. Recent data from the United States Department for Agriculture (USDA) suggests meat consumption per head has actually increased over the last few years. While we may think that meat is becoming less popular, US consumption in 2018 was close to its highest in decades. It's a similar picture with meat consumption in the EU. While Western consumption of meat is steady, or slightly increasing, the types of meat eaten are changing. This means less red meat - beef and pork - and more poultry. In the US, poultry now accounts for half of meat consumption, up from a quarter in the 1970s. These types of substitution could be good news for health and the environment. More stories like this The impact of meat In some circumstances, eating meat can be beneficial. Moderate quantities of meat and dairy can improve people's health, particularly in lower-income countries where diets may lack variety. But in many countries, meat consumption goes far beyond basic nutritional benefits. In fact, it could be a health risk. Studies have linked excess red and processed meat consumption with increased risk of heart disease, stroke and certain types of cancer. Substituting chicken for beef or bacon could be a positive step. This swap is also better for the environment as cows, in particular, are inefficient converters of feed to meat. Compared to chicken, beef has anywhere in the range of three to 10 times as much impact on land use, water and greenhouse gas emissions. Pork is somewhere in between the two. A future where meat consumption is sustainable and balanced across countries would require major changes. This would mean not only a shift in the types of meat we eat, but also how much. Essentially, meat would have to become more of a luxury again. About this piece This analysis piece was commissioned by the BBC from an expert working for an outside organisation. Hannah Ritchie is an Oxford Martin fellow, and is currently working as a researcher at OurWorldinData.org. This is a joint project between Oxford Martin and non-profit organisation Global Change Data Lab, which aims to present research on how the world is changing through interactive visualisations. You can follow her on Twitter here. Edited by Eleanor Lawrie

আপনি হয়তো শুনেছেন যে আজকাল অনেকেই মাংস খাওয়ার পরিমাণ কমিয়ে দিতে চাইছেন কিম্বা খাবারের তালিকা থেকে এই মাংসকে একেবারেই ছেঁটে ফেলতে চাইছেন। এবং তাদের সংখ্যা দিন দিন কিন্তু বাড়ছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Mr Biden said his family was ready after the death of his son earlier this year, but he had now run out of time. He said it would be a mistake for Democrats to turn their backs on President Barack Obama's record. Democrats seeking an alternative to frontrunner Hillary Clinton had been urging the 72-year-old to run. Though he will not be a candidate, Mr Biden said he "will not be silent". "I intend to speak out clearly and forcefully on where we stand as a party and where we need to go as a nation." He said any candidate would be making a "tragic mistake" to reject the Obama legacy, and urged an end to political bickering. "I believe we have to end the divisive, partisan politics ripping apart this country," he said as he stood in the Rose Garden of the White House, flanked by his wife Jill and Mr Obama. Repeating a dig at Mrs Clinton that he has made several times this week, he said it was wrong to see Republicans as enemies. When asked at last week's Democratic debate, the former first lady said she was proud of making an enemy out of Republicans. The Hillary swipes in Biden's speech Analysis - Anthony Zurcher, BBC North America reporter In the end, cold political reality won out. As Mr Biden acknowledged during his speech, there just wasn't enough time to mount a successful bid for the presidency. Could there have been a moment of opportunity if he had announced back in August, when speculation of a Biden candidacy first surfaced? We will never know. But no matter when he made his decision, it was always going to be an uphill climb. Hillary Clinton, despite her stumbles over the last few months, is a formidable candidate. She has raised tens of millions of dollars for her campaign, she has institutional support across the Democratic Party and she's been positioning herself for this race since 2008, when was edged out by Barack Obama. During his Rose Garden speech, Mr Biden defended Mr Obama's presidential legacy and took another veiled shot at Mrs Clinton's remark last week that she considered Republicans to be her enemies. He said he will continue to speak out over the course of the campaign, but today - given the rapt attention he commanded as a potential candidate - was his valedictory address. In explaining his decision not to join the race, after three months pondering it, he said his family had "reached a point" where they felt they could cope with his third presidential run, but time was now against him. His son Beau died from brain cancer in May, another family tragedy for the former Delaware senator after the deaths of his baby daughter and first wife in 1972. He then rose through the Senate ranks and ran for president in 1988 and 2008. After hearing the news, presidential candidates for 2016 tweeted their well wishes. Mr Sanders also tweeted that he supported Mr Biden's plans to make college free, fight economic inequality and close tax loopholes. Democratic candidate Martin O' Malley tweeted that he respected Mr Biden's decision and that he is "one of the most decent, compassionate public servants our nation has produced".

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ২০২৪ সালের প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচনে লড়ার পরিকল্পনার কথা জানালেন দেশটির বর্তমান প্রেসিডেন্ট জো বাইডেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The nation plans to change its regulations to join Canada and the Netherlands in selling products beyond a domestic market. Uruguay and Israel have announced similar plans. Health Minister Greg Hunt said the move would also help local patients. Australia legalised the use of medicinal cannabis in 2016. Using the drug for recreation remains illegal. "Our goal is very clear: to give Australian farmers and manufacturers the best shot at being the world's number one exporter of medicinal cannabis," Mr Hunt said. Changing national regulations will require parliamentary approval. That could happen as soon as February with support from the Labor opposition. The Australian Broadcasting Corp reported the changes would extend of products including oils, patches, sprays, lozenges and tablets. Mr Hunt said the change would stimulate the local industry, benefiting Australian patients as much as businesses. The global market for medicinal cannabis could eclipse $55bn (£40bn; A$70bn) by 2025, according to an estimate by US consultancy company Grand View Research. Earlier this week, California became the largest US state to legalise the use of recreational cannabis.

অস্ট্রেলিয়ার সরকার বলছে, চিকিৎসায় ব্যবহৃত গাঁজার রপ্তানিতে তারা শীর্ষস্থান দখল করতে চায়।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Jane WakefieldTechnology reporter Its 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD) will include the condition "gaming disorder". The draft document describes it as a pattern of persistent or recurrent gaming behaviour so severe that it takes "precedence over other life interests". Some countries had already identified it as a major public health issue. Many, including the UK, have private addiction clinics to "treat" the condition. The last version of the ICD was completed in 1992, with the new guide due to be published in 2018. The guide contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms and is used by doctors and researchers to track and diagnose disease. It will suggest that abnormal gaming behaviour should be in evidence over a period of at least 12 months "for a diagnosis to be assigned" but added that period might be shortened "if symptoms are severe". Symptoms include: Dr Richard Graham, lead technology addiction specialist at the Nightingale Hospital in London, welcomed the decision to recognise the condition. "It is significant because it creates the opportunity for more specialised services. It puts it on the map as something to take seriously." But he added that he would have sympathy for those who do not think the condition should be medicalised. "It could lead to confused parents whose children are just enthusiastic gamers." He said he sees about 50 new cases of digital addiction each year and his criteria is based on whether the activity is affecting basic things such as sleep, eating, socialising and education. He said one question he asked himself was: "Is the addiction taking up neurological real-estate, dominating thinking and preoccupation?" Many psychiatrists refer to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the fifth edition of which was published in 2013. In that, internet gaming disorder is listed as a "condition for further study", meaning it is not officially recognised. Lots of countries are grappling with the issue and in South Korea the government has introduced a law banning access for children under 16 from online games between midnight and 06:00. In Japan, players are alerted if they spend more than a certain amount of time each month playing games and in China, internet giant Tencent has limited the hours that children can play its most popular games. A recent study from the University of Oxford suggested that, although children spend a lot of time on their screens, they generally managed to intertwine their digital pastimes with daily life. The research - looking at children aged eight to 18 - found that boys spent longer playing video games than girls. Researcher Killian Mullan said: "People think that children are addicted to technology and in front of these screens 24/7, to the exclusion of other activities - and we now know that is not the case." "Our findings show that technology is being used with and in some cases perhaps to support other activities, like homework for instance, and not pushing them out," he added. "Just like we adults do, children spread their digital tech use throughout the day, while doing other things." You might also like:

কম্পিউটারে গেম খেলার প্রতি নেশাকে এই প্রথম একটি মানসিক রোগ হিসেবে তালিকাভুক্ত করতে যাচ্ছে বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The government in Riyadh also said it will suspend its cost of living allowance to shore up state finances. The oil-rich nation has seen its income plummet as the impact of the pandemic has forced down global energy prices. The kingdom first introduced VAT two years ago as part of efforts to cut its reliance on world crude oil markets. Saudi Arabia's state news agency said VAT will increase from 5% to 15% as of 1 July, while the cost of living allowance will be suspended from 1 June. The allowance of 1,000 riyals ($267; £217) per month to state employees was introduced in 2018 to help offset increased financial burdens including VAT and a rise in the price of petrol. "These measures are painful but necessary to maintain financial and economic stability over [the] medium to long term... and overcome the unprecedented coronavirus crisis with the least damage possible," finance minister Mohammed al-Jadaan said in the statement. The announcement came after state spending outstripped income, pushing the kingdom into a $9bn (£7.2bn) budget deficit in the first three months of the year. That's as oil revenues in the period fell by almost a quarter from a year earlier to $34bn, pulling down total revenues by 22%. At the same time Saudi Arabia's central bank saw its foreign reserves fall in March at their fastest rate in at least two decades and to their lowest level since 2011. The measures to fight the impact of coronavirus are expected to slow the pace and scale of economic reforms launched by Crown Price Mohammed bin Salman. Last year Saudi Arabia raised a record $25.6bn in the initial public offering of shares in state-owned oil giant Aramco in Riyadh. The share sale was at the heart of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's plans to modernise the economy and wean it off its dependence on oil.

করোনাভাইরাসের কারণে যেভাবে সৌদি আরবের অর্থনীতি ক্ষতিগ্রস্থ হয়েছে, তা মোকাবেলায় সৌদি সরকার ব্যাপক কাটছাঁটের পাশাপাশি কর বাড়িয়েছে তিনগুন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Eighteen-year-old Kendrick Castillo was the only fatality in Tuesday's assault allegedly by two students near Denver. Eight other pupils were injured before the assailants were arrested. The attack took place just 8km (5 miles) from Columbine High School, the site of one of the country's most notorious shootings 20 years ago. America's latest school shooting unfolded at the STEM - science, technology, engineering and math - School Highlands Ranch in an affluent suburb of Denver. Three heroic students Classmate Nui Giasolli told US media she was in her British literature class when one of the suspects turned up late and pulled out a gun. Kendrick lunged at the gunman, "giving us all enough time to get underneath our desks to get ourselves safe, to run across the room to escape", she said. John Castillo, Kendrick's father, described him as "the best kid in the world", in an interview with the Denver Post. He said it was not surprising to him that Kendrick was said to have charged one of the shooters as they entered a classroom. "I wish he had gone and hid," said Mr Castillo, "but that's not his character. "His character is about protecting people, helping people." Kendrick was an only child. Mr Castillo said he and his wife are "in a haze". The 18-year-old was passionate about science and robotics. He was going to study at a local college in the autumn, planning to major in engineering, his father said. Two other students in the class are being credited with helping subdue one of the attackers. One of them was Joshua Jones, who is now at home recovering after being shot twice, according to a statement from his family. Brendan Bialy was also praised as a hero. Brendan is a recruit for the US Marine Corps, but was not trained specifically on active shooter protocols. Marine Capt Michael Maggitti said in a statement that Brendan's admirable courage "resulted in the safety and protection of his teachers and fellow classmates". Kendrick, Brendan and Joshua are not the only examples of student heroism recently during a shooting. Last month at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, a 21-year-old student, Riley Howell, died while tackling a gunman, buying classmates crucial moments to escape, said police. How did the Colorado shooting unfold? Douglas County Sheriff Tony Spurlock said the attack happened just before 14:00 local time (20:00 GMT) on Tuesday. He told reporters the two attackers came in through an entrance that did not have a metal detector and attacked students in two locations. Both suspects were pupils at the charter school. There were around 1,800 students on campus at the time of the attack, Sheriff Spurlock said. Officers arrived on scene within minutes. "We did struggle with the suspects to take them into custody," the sheriff said. More on US gun violence What is known about the suspects? Police initially misidentified the younger one - a juvenile not named by police - as male. "We originally thought the juvenile was a male by appearance," Sheriff Spurlock said. He declined to comment on local media reports that the suspect is transgender and transitioning from female to male. The other suspect has been identified by police as 18-year-old Devon Erickson. He made his first court appearance on Wednesday, facing one count of first-degree murder and 29 of attempted first-degree murder. The defendant hung his head as he sat between two lawyers. The sheriff said it is not yet clear if anyone was deliberately targeted. Search warrants have been issued for both suspects' homes. One student at the school told CBS News Mr Erickson had talked about inflicting harm and sadness. "I always thought he was just messing around and stuff, but sometimes he did hint at it here and there," Michael Schwartz said. One parent, named in local media as Fernando Montoya, said his 17-year-old son was shot three times and wounded. "He said a guy pulled a pistol out of a guitar case and started to shoot," Mr Montoya told ABC affiliate Denver 7. Josh Dutton, 18, told AP news agency he used to be friends with Mr Erickson at a former school but had not seen him in four years. He said he bumped into Mr Erickson, who was wearing all black, at a railway station on Sunday and he was much thinner and did not seem interested in talking.

মঙ্গলবার যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের কলোরাডোর একটি হাই স্কুলে গুলির ঘটনায় নিহত হওয়া একমাত্র ছাত্রটি হামলাকারীদের একজনকে প্রতিহত করতে গিয়ে প্রাণ দিয়েছেন বলে তার সহপাঠীরা জানিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Massoumeh TorfehResearch Associate, LSE & SOAS Iranian media downplayed Fakhrizadeh's importance, introducing him as a scientist and researcher involved in the search for "homegrown test kits for Covid-19" in recent weeks. Mark Fitzpatrick, an associate fellow with London's International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) who follows Iran's nuclear programme closely, also tweeted: "Iran's nuclear program is long past the point when it is dependent on a single individual". Yet we know that when he was attacked Fakhrizadeh was accompanied by several bodyguards, indicating how seriously Iran took his security. So, the motive for the assassination - for which no one has claimed responsibility - would appear to have been political, rather than relating to Iran's nuclear activities. Two possible motives stand out: firstly, to jeopardise potential improvements in relations between Iran and the new Biden administration in the United States. And, secondly, to encourage Iran to engage in a retaliatory act. "The enemies are experiencing stressful weeks," said Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in his first remarks on the assassination. "They are mindful that the global situation is changing, and are trying to make the most of these days to create unstable conditions in the region," he added. When Mr Rouhani refers to Iran's "enemies", he is evidently talking about the Trump administration, Israel and Saudi Arabia. Both Israel and Saudi Arabia are worried about the changing tide of politics in the Middle East and its consequences for them once President-elect Joe Biden takes office. Mr Biden made it clear during his election campaign that he wished to rejoin the Iran nuclear deal, which was negotiated by his predecessor Barack Obama in 2015 and forsaken by Donald Trump in 2018. Israel and Saudi Arabia's concerns about Iran were reportedly discussed at what Israeli media said was a secret meeting between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman in Neom last Sunday. The Saudi foreign minister denied that the meeting took place. Mr Netanyahu was reportedly also not successful in persuading the prince to normalise diplomatic relations between their two countries. On Monday, when Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen attacked a facility belonging to the Saudi oil giant Aramco in the Red Sea city of Jeddah, the opportunity to reproach the Saudis might have arisen. The hardline press in Iran boasted about "the heroic Quds-2 Ballistic Missile attack" by the Houthis. "It was a strategic move, well timed to coincide with the Saudi-Israeli meeting, warning them not to miscalculate their moves," said the Mehr news agency. The Saudis' anger at the attack was shared by the Americans. Former US National Security Adviser John Bolton explained in his book, The Room Where It Happened, how the Trump administration viewed Iran's support for Houthis as "a campaign against US interests in the Middle East". The reported Neom meeting was said to have been arranged by US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, who had just been to Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where Iran was the main topic of conversation. Two weeks earlier, President Trump had asked his senior advisers whether he had options to take military action against Iran's main nuclear site, according to US media. He appeared to be looking for a showdown with Iran before his departure. In January, Mr Trump boasted about the assassination in a US drone strike in Iraq of the top Iranian military commander, Gen Qasem Soleimani, despite it later being pronounced by a UN special rapporteur as "unlawful". "We stopped him quickly and we stopped him cold... at my direction," he said. So, it could be argued that assassinations are not altogether opposed by the president. His Iranian counterpart has blamed Israel for the assassination of Fakhrizadeh. And, indeed, many reports note that Prime Minister Netanyahu was one of the few world leaders to have spoken directly about the scientist. In a televised presentation in 2018, he talked about Fakhrizadeh's leading role in Iran's nuclear programme and urged people to "remember that name". While Israel is secure knowing that the US will remain committed to its security under Mr Biden, it must be concerned that his nominee for secretary of state, Antony Blinken, is a staunch supporter of the Iran nuclear deal. Mr Blinken's approach to the Middle East may also lead to more opportunities for the Palestinians. He was critical of Mr Trump's decision to move the US embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, although Mr Biden has said he would not reverse it. Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has called for a "definite punishment" of those responsible for the assassination of Fakhrizadeh. The head of the Expediency Council, Mohsen Rezaei, has pointed to security and intelligence lapses. "Iranian intelligence agencies must detect infiltrators and sources of foreign spy services, and thwart the formation of assassination teams," he said. Indeed, many Iranians on social media have asked how, despite Iran's rhetoric about its military and intelligence superiority, someone so well-guarded could be assassinated in broad daylight. There are also concerns that the killing will be used as an excuse for further arrests inside the country. Now that the Trump administration is on its way out, and Israel and Saudi Arabia are losing their main ally, Iran is looking forward to the possibility of sanctions relief from the Biden administration and the chance to rebuild its economy. As such, it would be irrational to choose retaliation. Dr Massoumeh Torfeh is a research associate at the London School of Economics (LSE) and School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), specialising in the politics of Iran, Afghanistan and central Asia. Formerly she was the UN director of strategic communications in Afghanistan.

শুক্রবার এক হামলায় তার মৃত্যুর আগ পর্যন্ত ইরানের অধিকাংশ মানুষের কোনো ধারণাই ছিলনা মোহসেন ফখরিজাদে কে। কিন্তু ইরানের পারমাণবিক কর্মসূচির ওপর যারা নজর রাখেন তারা তাকে ভালোই চেনেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The country, along with Malaysia and Singapore, warned back in 2015 that it was a question of when, rather than if, attacks linked to the group would occur in the region. Then, in January 2016, a series of explosions and shootings in the heart of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, killed four civilians and four attackers. It was the first attack in the country to be linked to IS. The Jakarta attackers were later said to be part of the Indonesian-based Jemaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) militant group, which had previously pledged allegiance to IS. Since then, IS has continued to prove a draw for would-be jihadists across South East Asia. How does IS influence the region? IS stepped up its propaganda efforts in South East Asia following the Jakarta attack. The group used Indonesians in its videos to threaten governments and police and to urge supporters to carry out further attacks. In 2017, Indonesia's military chief General Gatot Nurmantyo said that IS had spread to almost every province of the country. The current generation of radicals are either newcomers who got their indoctrination from the internet and jihadist sites, or followers of the old radical movements but with few ties with the older generation. Experts suggest that having viewed their predecessors as too timid, they later decided to split into new small groups, effectively going under the radar of the police. Up to 30 Indonesian groups are known to have pledged allegiance to IS with some previously voicing ambitions to establish an official IS province in South East Asia. Hundreds of Indonesians are also believed to have left the country to fight with the group in Syria and Iraq. While many top militant leaders have been either killed or captured, IS-inspired cells exist and are a continuing threat, influenced by leaders both at home and abroad. Aman Abdurrahman, leader of the JAD, is believed to command significant influence among jihadis in Indonesia, despite being detained in the country for the past 12 years. He is currently on trial for inciting followers to commit acts of terrorism while behind bars at a detention centre which has been described by analysts as a breeding ground for pro-IS militants. How has Indonesia responded? Following Indonesia's worst-ever attack in 2002 - when 202 people were killed by al-Qaeda-linked militants in two bombings outside a bar and nightclub on Bali - authorities launched a crack-down on extremist groups. This involved a combination of arrests and targeted killings alongside a deradicalisation programme that focused on altering the mindsets of Indonesians and providing alternative incomes for some released militants. The Indonesian authorities imprisoned some 800 militants and killed more than 100 since the Bali bombings. But it has not had a great amount of success reforming them. As militants - some with significant battlefield experience - continue to be released from prison, they may bolster the current ranks of jihadists. Meanwhile police are said to have prevented a number of attacks through their surveillance of known radical personnel. What attacks have taken place in Indonesia? The latest attack, in which at least 11 people were killed in explosions at three churches in Indonesia's second-largest city Surabaya, is the deadliest since 2005, when suicide bombings on Bali killed more than 20 people. But Indonesia has suffered a number of deadly incidents linked to Islamist militancy over the years:

দক্ষিণ পূর্ব এশিয়ার অনেক দেশের মত বিশ্বের বৃহত্তম মুসলিম প্রধান দেশ ইন্দোনেশিয়ায় সাম্প্রতিক সময়ে বেশ কয়েকটি হামলা হয়েছে। প্রায় প্রতিটি ক্ষেত্রেই হামলাকারীরা তথাকথিত ইসলামিক স্টেটের সাথে সম্পৃক্ত বলে জানা গেছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

It is a side-effect of the four-month internet blackout, imposed by the Indian government after the region was stripped of its autonomy in August. Facebook, which owns the WhatsApp messaging service, said users would need to be re-added to groups "upon regaining access to the internet". India has 400 million WhatsApp users, making the country its biggest market. In a statement, a WhatsApp spokesperson told the BBC it "cares deeply about providing users everywhere with the ability to privately communicate with their friends and loved ones". But it added: "To maintain security and limit data retention, WhatsApp accounts generally expire after 120 days of inactivity. "When that happens, those accounts automatically exit all their WhatsApp groups. People will need to be re-added to groups upon regaining access to the internet and joining WhatsApp again." In August, the Indian government revoked part of the constitution that gave Indian-administered Kashmir special status. The region was stripped of its autonomy and split into two federally-run territories, with most of the state's political leaders and workers incarcerated. Justifying the internet blackout, India's Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar said social media and the internet had been used to radicalise people.

দীর্ঘদিন নিষ্ক্রিয় থাকার কারণে ভারত শাসিত কাশ্মীরের হোয়াটসঅ্যাপ ব্যবহারকারীদের অ্যাকাউন্ট বাতিল করে দেয়া হচ্ছে বলে বিবিসি জানতে পেরেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Eight bodies were recovered from the water on Saturday, and four people were rescued, the Italian coastguard said. But difficult conditions hampered an overnight search for survivors, and at least 90 people are still missing. The boat sank between Libya and Italy, about 30 miles (50km) from the Libyan coast. The search, involving several ships and air support, continued on Sunday. It is unclear what the nationalities of the migrants involved are. 'Horrific' On Friday, the Italian coastguard rescued about 550 migrants making the journey across the Mediterranean. Doctors Without Borders (MSF), which was involved in the rescue, said that in one case it found 123 people crammed on to a single inflatable dinghy. Ed Taylor, who is on board the MSF rescue ship Aquarius, told the BBC the situation in the Mediterranean was "horrific", and desperate people were still making the trip despite the cold and wet conditions. "It's incredibly difficult to operate at the moment," he said. Meanwhile, Flavio Di Giacomo, from the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), said survivors of other recent crossings claimed they had been forced out to sea, despite the poor weather. "Those migrants that arrived lately... they told us they didn't want to leave when they arrived at the beaches to see that the situation of the weather was so bad. "But smugglers have forced them to leave and to get on these rubber dinghies, which are really unseaworthy vessels. "After a few hours of navigation they start to take on water." The number of migrants travelling to Europe by land has dropped since the height of the migrant crisis in late 2015, but sea crossings remain both popular and dangerous. More than 1,000 people have arrived in Europe by sea in the first two weeks of 2017, the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) estimates. Before Saturday's incident, it estimated 11 people had died or were missing. In 2016, the UNHCR said 5,000 people died trying to reach Europe by Mediterranean routes - the highest number yet. Many of those making the journey are children. The UN children's charity, Unicef, said this week that 25,800 unaccompanied migrant children arrived in Italy by sea in 2016, double the number of the previous year. It said most of those children arrived in Italy after making the sea crossing from Libya - and the majority had come from Eritrea, Egypt, the Gambia and Nigeria. On Sunday, which is the world day of migrants and refugees in the Catholic Church, Pope Francis called for "every possible measure" to protect young migrants, saying they face many dangers and should be offered protection "as well as integration". A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.

প্রায় সাতশো অভিবাসী সহ লিবিয়ার উপকুলে একটি নৌকা ডুবে যাওয়ার পর বিপুল সংখ্যাক মানুষের প্রাণহানির আশংকা করা হচ্ছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Katie SilverHealth reporter, BBC News But sex is a rare trigger for sudden cardiac arrest. Only 34 out of the 4,557 cardiac arrests examined occurred during or within one hour of sexual intercourse and 32 of those affected were men. Sumeet Chugh, of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, said his study is the first to evaluate sexual activity as a potential trigger of cardiac arrest. The research was presented at a meeting of the American Heart Association. A cardiac arrest happens when the heart malfunctions and suddenly stops beating. It causes someone to fall unconscious and stop breathing and unless treated with CPR, it is fatal. This differs from a heart attack, where blood flow to the heart is blocked. It is known that sexual activity can trigger heart attacks, but the link with cardiac arrest was previously unknown. Cardiac arrest facts Source: American Heart Association Dr Chugh and his colleagues in California examined hospital records on cases of cardiac arrest in adults between 2002 and 2015 in Portland, Oregon. Sexual activity was associated in fewer than 1% of the cases. The vast majority were male and were more likely to be middle-aged, African-American and have a history of cardiovascular disease. The study also found CPR was performed in only one-third of the cases, despite them being witnessed by a partner. Dr Chugh said: "These findings highlight the importance of continued efforts to educate the public on the importance of bystander CPR for sudden cardiac arrest, irrespective of the circumstance." He said it shows the need for people to be educated about how to administer CPR. Another study presented at the conference showed children as young as six can learn it. After a heart attack or surgery, the British Heart Foundation suggests patients should typically wait four to six weeks before resuming sexual activity.

যৌন সম্পর্কের কারণে নারীর তুলনায় পুরুষের হঠাৎ কার্ডিয়াক অ্যারেস্টের ঝুঁকি অনেক বেশি।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Kasra NajiBBC Persian The scale of the attacks means that Saudi Arabia cannot overlook what happened, and its decision to identify Iran as the culprit compels the kingdom to respond. The Saudis will probably wait until a team of independent experts from the United Nations has completed an investigation into the incident. Although the experts are likely to come to the same conclusions - namely, that the attacks could not have been carried out without Iranian material support and guidance - the process will give the Saudis time to consider their options. For Iran, deniability is not going to help. Saudi Arabia and its allies believe the country has raised the stakes in order to convince US President Donald Trump to ease the crippling economic sanctions he reinstated when he abandoned a nuclear deal with Iran last year and demanded a new one be negotiated. Iran's leaders hope that the risk of the region sliding into war will bring world powers to the realisation that the sanctions are a recipe for disaster. They had been hoping that a plan by French President Emmanuel Macron to offer a $15bn line of credit to Iran, in return for its compliance with the nuclear deal and a halt to its destabilising activities in the region, would come to fruition. But the plan has not been approved by Mr Trump. On Wednesday, the US president asked his treasury secretary to substantially increase the sanctions against Iran. Iran may, therefore, have overplayed its hand. Attacks on this scale could not happen without the approval the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. He gave a speech this week in which there was not a single reference to the attacks on Saudi Arabia's biggest oil facility, or the danger of a war breaking out at any moment. Instead, he chose to reject once again any possibility of talks between Iranian and US officials at any level as long as the US sanctions remained in force. But sooner or later, Ayatollah Khamenei might be forced to alter his stance and agree to talks, as more moderate figures in Iran are quietly advocating. Iran's oil exports are close to zero, its revenue stream is drying up, and its reserves of hard currency are thought to be sufficient only for several more months. The fall in the value of its currency has pushed the inflation rate to 40% and almost halved the purchasing power of Iranians, who are finding it difficult to make ends meet. So will Saudi Arabia take military action to force Iran to back off? The kingdom may be understandably reluctant to do so. Iran has a population of 80 million compared with Saudi Arabia's 33 million. Iran has thousands of missiles, which make Saudi Arabia's oil facilities, military bases, and population centres very vulnerable. By comparison, Saudi Arabia has hundreds of Chinese-made missiles and only a limited missile defence capability. Saudi Arabia has roughly the same number of fighting aircraft as Iran. But its aircraft are modern and effective, while Iran's are old and unreliable. Iran has its proxies across the region and supporters among Saudi Arabia's minority Shia Muslim community. Saudi Arabia is also already involved in a costly war in Yemen against the Iran-aligned rebel Houthi movement. But a war directly with Iran, if it happened, would inevitably be about air power and missile capability. Neither side would come out of it victorious. Although there are US troops, aircraft and ships deployed in the Gulf region, President Trump appears to be reluctant to get involved in a drawn-out conflict. US vessels and bases would be vulnerable to attacks by Iranian missiles, and about a fifth of the world's oil passed through the Strait of Hormuz. Mr Trump may be concerned about the impact on his re-election campaign of substantial price rises at petrol stations in the US. For Saudi Arabia, US military support is crucial. But Mr Trump wants the Saudis to take the lead in responding to Iran and to pick up the bill for any US help. Saudi Arabia would also want its regional allies - the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain - to be part of any response. The US could also enlist the political and diplomatic support of its European allies. However, they see the escalation as a direct result of Mr Trump's decision to abandon the nuclear deal. Meanwhile, the hardliners in Iran may well be reflecting on whether their strategy is leading their country to war and destruction, rather than the easing of sanctions.

সৌদি আরব বলছে, শনিবার সৌদি তেল শোধনাগারের ওপর ড্রোন এবং ক্ষেপণাস্ত্র হামলার পেছনে যে ইরান রয়েছে সেই প্রমাণ তাদের হাতে রয়েছে। ইরানের বিরুদ্ধে পদক্ষেপ নেয়ার জন্য তারা আন্তর্জাতিক সম্প্রদায়ের প্রতি আহ্বান জানিয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Aamir PeerzadaBBC News, Gujarat, India Many are ultimately forced to quit the land and migrate to find other work. "Once our whole family used to work here, and we used to make our livelihood from agriculture," says Madhiben - the family's fields are now covered in a thin white sheet of salt. "They all used to be lush green, now it's all white desert," says Madhiben, who lives in a village in Gujarat in north-west India. Many parts of India are showing severe effects of desertification but now one social enterprise, Naireeta Services, is taking action. Co-founders Trupti Jain and Biplab Khetan Paul have come up with an answer to this. "During the Gujarat earthquake of 2001, I remember how temperatures rose drastically leaving people without water, followed by monsoons, which flooded everything and left farms waterlogged for months. That's when I started looking for a solution" says Biplab. "Later I realised that these erratic rains could be a solution for such dry seasons." Biplab and Trupti then started experimenting with different structures to store excess rain water so that it could be used in dry seasons. "That's when we innovated bhungroo - a water harvesting technique that uses an injection module to store excess rain water underground. Farmers can then use the same water for irrigation during summer and winter," says Trupti. Encroaching deserts The high level of salinity in many regions of Gujarat and other states of India often creates an impermeable white or brown layer that prevents water from penetrating the soil, leaving the surface waterlogged. "This standing water adds to the salinity as many minerals present in the soil also get dissolved in the water, which in the dry season creates a salty layer," says Biplab. Each year, 12 million hectares (29 million acres) of land are lost to encroaching deserts. That's land where 20 million tonnes of grain could have been grown. People living off the land often feel they have no choice but to migrate. "After the monsoons our fields remain waterlogged for up to three months. Because of that, salts accumulate and in summers, there is no water," says Madhiben. "Now all males of our family have had to move to the cities to get work." According to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) by 2030, 135 million people could lose their homes and livelihoods to desertification. "In India, five million small holder farmers are affected with salinity, flood and drought problems - and across the globe 650 billion hectares of land gets affected with these issues," says Trupti Jain. Bhungroo irrigation Bhungroo is a Gujarati word meaning "straw" - a pipe between 10-15cm (4-6in) diameter is inserted into the soil at places where waterlogging is a problem. So during monsoons. the excess water drains down the pipe, gets filtered, and then flows down to natural aquifers deep below the soil where it can stay until it is needed during the dry seasons. It means that in the monsoon season farmers can grow crops because their land is not too wet. In the dry seasons of winter or summer they can use pumps to draw up the stored water and irrigate their land, says Trupti. "Due to heavy rains during monsoons, followed by a dry spell in summers we used not to have any crops - and then we had to go to other areas of Gujarat for work," says farmer Kaser Behan. But now she and her family have a bhungroo, "we can easily grow two crops in a year". One bhungroo unit can irrigate up to 8-10 hectares, and construction costs can vary from $750 to $1,500 (£1,100) depending upon the location and size of the project. "Our enterprise is working on hybrid models that mean we are mobilising grant money as well as generating a profit to sell our bhungroo to the customers," says Trupti. "Talking about the grant money, we are mobilising to support the poor farmers who cannot afford the cost of the bhungroo." So far, Naireeta has constructed more than 3,500 bhungroos across India and beyond, and says its aim is "antyodaya", a word used by Mahatma Gandhi that means serving the last person in the queue in the best possible way. "In rural India, the last person is the smallest landholder who does not have any water service for his or her crop," says Trupti Jain. Part of our series Taking the Temperature, which focuses on the battle against climate change and the people and ideas making a difference. This BBC series was produced with funding from the Skoll Foundation

ভারতের বিভিন্ন স্থানে প্রবল বৃষ্টিপাত বা দীর্ঘায়িত শুষ্ক মৌসুমের কারণে অনেকসময় কৃষিজমিতে জলাবদ্ধতাবা খরার মত সমস্যার মুখে পড়তে হয় কৃষকদের। এর ফলে তাদের ফসল নষ্ট হওয়ার আশঙ্কা থাকে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Grigor Atanesian & Benjamin StrickBBC News One video posted on a messaging app shows what appears to be two Armenians in military uniforms being captured by troops from Azerbaijan. A second video seemingly shows the same Armenians being shot with their hands behind their backs. Armenian authorities have identified the men as Benik Hakobyan, 73, and 25-year-old Yuri Adamyan. Azerbaijan has dismissed the videos as fake. Europe's top human rights watchdog, the Council of Europe, has said it has received the video and will look into all alleged human rights abuses and take action when appropriate. Fighting erupted on 27 September around the Caucasus enclave, which is recognised internationally as part of Azerbaijan but under Armenian control. Clashes quickly escalated into a large-scale conflict, with indiscriminate shelling of towns and cities and alleged use of banned cluster munitions. A ceasefire was announced on 10 October and then again on 18 October, but attacks have continued. Several thousand people are said to have died and shelling has killed civilians in both Armenia and Azerbaijan. Tens of thousands have fled their homes. Warning: You may find some of the images in this story disturbing What is fact, what is fake? Combatants on both sides have released images and videos showing prisoners of war (POWs) and the bodies of opposition soldiers. The BBC has studied several videos circulated by the two warring sides on social media, allegedly showing prisoners of war being harmed or killed. Only these two videos were verifiably what they purported to be. One clip widely circulating on Telegram channels, that claims to show an Azerbaijani POW being shot dead by Armenian soldiers, is actually a video from Russia that first appeared on social media sites in 2013. Others lack enough detail to be verified. The pair of videos that the BBC has verified were posted on an anonymous Russian-language pro-Azerbaijan channel on Telegram messenger last week. What happens in the videos? The first video appears to show Armenians Benik Hakobyan and Yuri Adamyan being taken prisoner. In the video, someone speaking Russian with a heavy Azerbaijani accent orders the men to walk forwards, surrender any weapons and raise their hands. He speaks to the other soldiers in Azerbaijani, telling them not to hit the captives. The younger prisoner, Yuri Adamyan, removes a helmet and his jacket before putting his hands in the air and walking out of shot. Although the older man, Benik Hakobyan, is wearing a military-style camouflage jacket, it's unclear whether he is a soldier. He is pushed to the ground and appears to moan in pain. The first video was followed by a second that shows the apparent execution of the two men. The prisoners appear to have their hands bound behind them and are draped in the flags of Armenia and the unrecognised republic of Nagorno-Karabakh. They are sitting on a small wall and can be seen moving slightly. Then someone orders in Azerbaijani: "Aim at their heads." Multiple shots are heard and the prisoners slump to the ground. Videos rejected as fake The BBC has confirmed that the man giving commands in both videos is a native Azerbaijani speaker with a regional accent. The prisoners from the first video also appear to be the men being executed in the second as they are wearing the same clothes. Azerbaijan's defence ministry quickly denied these were their troops and called the videos a provocation. The clips were deleted shortly afterwards. The following day, Azerbaijan's prosecutor general announced that an investigation had concluded the videos were fake. But are they genuine? The BBC has studied the clips and confirmed that they were filmed in Hadrut, a town that has seen intense fighting. It is in southern Nagorno-Karabakh, near Fuzuli. It's likely the videos were recorded at some point between 9-15 October. Azerbaijan announced that Hadrut had been taken on 9 October, although it later emerged that, while they had taken some strategic heights around the town, fierce fighting was still going on for control of the town itself on 12 October. The first videos actually showing the Azerbaijan army in the town centre appeared on 15 October. The POW videos both appeared for the first time on 15 October. Bellingcat open-source investigators were the first to publish their analysis into the authenticity of the videos. The location of the first video is the side of the road in the northern part of Hadrut (39°31'25.9"N 47°01'40.8"E). In the picture above, there are four buildings that appear in the video that can be matched to structures in a satellite view of the region. The execution clip seems to be filmed at a park approximately a kilometre away in the south of the town. By cross-referencing a still from the video before the men were shot with a satellite view of the town and footage from a local TV report, it is possible to identify the exact location as the park next to Mkrtchyan Street (39°30'53.4"N 47°02'01.8"E). Bellingcat identified the same locations and time periods for both videos and confirmed that helmets and rifles seen on the soldiers matched those used at least in some instances by Azerbaijani servicemen. They wrote that their analysis "would appear to indicate that these two men were indeed Armenian combatants who were captured between October 9 and October 15 by Azerbaijani soldiers, possibly special forces, and likely executed a short time later". Online commentators from Azerbaijan have questioned the authenticity of the clip, by pointing out the apparent lack of blood as a result of the shooting, but military experts interviewed by the BBC say the video looks genuine. "Hollywood gives a poor reflection of what gunshot wounds look like," said Rob Lee, a military expert from the Department of War Studies at King's College London. The BBC spoke to a former British military intelligence officer who agreed to talk on condition of anonymity due to security reasons. They said: "These are real bullets, this is a real killing. This is genuine, and I don't see any reason to assume it's staged." Brain matter could be seen coming out of a gunshot wound, the officer said. What does Armenia say? Armenia's human rights defender, Arman Tatoyan, has officially labelled Azerbaijan's execution of two prisoners of war an "undeniable war crime". "In these videos, members of the Azerbaijani army humiliate prisoners of war and then brutally kill them with extreme cynicism," he wrote on Facebook. He said Armenia's representatives at the European Courts of Human Rights had already asked for copies of the videos. Mr Tatoyan said he would share the clips with the UN human rights commissioner, the Council of Europe and other international bodies. A spokesperson for the Council of Europe's commissioner for human rights, Dunja Mijatovic, confirmed that the materials had been received and the commissioner was "closely following the situation and she will look into all allegations of grave human rights violations and take actions when she deems appropriate". A spokesperson from the International Committee of the Red Cross told the BBC that although the organisation followed up on all such allegations, it did not speak publicly about specific incidents. Nagorno-Karabakh human rights ombudsman Artak Beglaryan told the BBC that the men in the videos were two locals. He said Benik Hakobyan was not a soldier but a civilian from Hadrut and Yuri Adamyan was likely a serviceman from a neighbouring village. Since the appearance of the video from Hadrut, both sides have released statements identifying several prisoners of war. Azerbaijan showed two Armenian captives receiving medical attention and the Armenians produced images of an Azerbaijani prisoner undergoing treatment at a hospital in Karabakh. What is a war crime? Find out more about the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict:

বিতর্কিত নাগোর্নো-কারাবাখ অঞ্চলে আজারবাইজানের সেনাবাহিনী ও জাতিগত আর্মেনিয়ানদের মধ্যে চলতে থাকা যুদ্ধে যুদ্ধাপরাধ সংঘটন হওয়ার কিছু ভিডিও প্রকাশিত হয়েছে সম্প্রতি।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Yogita LimayeBBC News correspondent, India As I grew older, and had more conversations about India's colonial past, I found most people in my country held a starkly different view of the wartime British prime minister. There were conflicting opinions about colonial rule too. Some argued the British had done great things for India - built railways, set up a postal system. "They did those things to serve their own purpose, and left India a poor, plundered country" would be the inevitable response to this claim. My grandmother always talked passionately about how they'd participated in protests against "those cruel Britishers". But despite this anger, anything western, anything done or said by people who were white-skinned, was seen as superior in the India I grew up in. The self-confidence of people had been eroded by decades of colonial rule. Seventy-three years since independence, a lot has changed. A new generation of Indians, more self-assured about our place in the world, are questioning why there isn't more widespread knowledge and condemnation of the many dark chapters of our colonial history, like the Bengal famine of 1943. At least three million people died of hunger. That's more than six times the British Empire's casualties in World War Two. But even as the war's victories and losses are commemorated each year, the disaster that unfolded in British-ruled Bengal during the same time has largely been forgotten. Bengal famine: Remembering WWII's forgotten disaster 10 greatest controversies of Churchill's career MSP makes Churchill 'mass murderer' claim Eyewitnesses have recounted how dead bodies lay in fields and near rivers, being eaten by dogs and vultures because no-one had the strength to perform last rites for so many people. Those who didn't die in villages journeyed to towns and cities in search of food. "Everyone was looking like a skeleton with just skin over their frames," says veteran Bengali actor Soumitra Chatterjee who was eight when the famine struck. "People would cry pitifully, asking for the liquid that came out of cooking rice, because they knew nobody had any rice to give them. And anyone who has heard that cry will never forget it in their life. There are tears in my eyes now when I'm speaking about it. I can't check my emotions," he told me. A cyclone and flooding in Bengal in 1942 triggered the famine. But the policies of Sir Winston Churchill and his cabinet are blamed for making the situation worse. Yasmin Khan, a historian at Oxford University, describes the 'denial policy' that was implemented fearing a Japanese invasion from Burma. "The idea was that things would be razed to the ground, including crops, but also boats that could be used for transportation of crops. And so that when the Japanese came, they wouldn't have the resources to be able to expand their invasion. The impact of the denial policy on the famine is well evidenced," she says. Churchill statue 'may have to be put in museum' Was Gandhi a racist? Calls to remove 'racist' Gandhi statue in Leicester Diaries written by British officers responsible for India's administration show that for months Churchill's government turned down urgent pleas for the export of food to India, fearing it would reduce stockpiles in the UK and take ships away from the war effort. Churchill felt local politicians could do more to help the starving. The notes also reveal the British prime minister's attitude towards India. During one government discussion about famine relief, Secretary of State for India Leopold Amery recorded that Churchill suggested any aid sent would be insufficient because of "Indians breeding like rabbits". "We can't blame him for creating the famine in any way," says Ms. Khan. "What we can say is that he didn't alleviate it when he had the ability to do so, and we can blame him for prioritising white lives and European lives over South Asian lives which was really kind of unpleasant given the millions of Indian soldiers at the same time also serving in the Second World War." Some in the UK claim that while Churchill might have made unsavoury comments about India, he did try to help and delays were a result of conditions during the war. But millions perished under his watch, for the lack of the most basic of all necessities - food. Archibald Wavell, Viceroy to India at the time, has described the Bengal famine as one of the greatest disasters to have befallen people under British rule. He said the damage it caused to the empire's reputation was incalculable. Survivors say they feel angry. "There is an undercurrent of expectation that it's time the British government comes out and says sorry for what was done to India in those days," says Mr Chatterjee. Many in the UK too are questioning the legacy of colonial rule, and its leaders. Last month, during a protest that was part of the Black Lives Matter movement, Churchill's statue in central London was defaced. "I am not in favour of pulling down or defacing statues," says Indian historian Rudrangshu Mukherjee. "But I think in the plaque below the statues, the full history should be recorded, that Churchill was a hero in the Second World War, but that he was also responsible for the deaths of millions of people in Bengal in 1943. I think Britain owes that to Indians and to itself." Judging the past through the lens of the present might leave the world with no heroes at all. India's most loved independence leader Mohandas Gandhi has also been accused of having anti-black views. But it's hard to make progress without the acceptance of the full truth of their lives. The works of my childhood icon Enid Blyton have faced a big backlash for being racist and sexist. As an adult, I have looked through the dog-eared stash my sister and I left at our parents' home, and I can see evidence of the allegations. Would I throw them all out? No. The happy memories they evoke are not tainted by what I now know. But I won't pass them on to the children in my family. They deserve to read stories set in a more equal world. Read more stories about the legacies of British colonial rule and how it is still affecting people today:

আমার শৈশবে উইনস্টন চার্চিল সম্পর্কে আমি প্রথম জানতে পারি। আমি শিশু সাহিত্যিক এনিড ব্লাইটনের একটি বই পড়ছিলাম। তিনি লিখেছেন ‌ওই "মহান রাষ্ট্রনায়কের প্রতি তার এতোটাই শ্রদ্ধা ছিল" যে তার একটি ছবি তিনি তার বাড়ির ফায়ার প্লেসের ওপরে সাজিয়ে রেখেছিলেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

At least 74 people were injured in the incident, which saw the plane land with its engines off and landing gear retracted, emergency officials said. The Ural Airlines Airbus 321 was travelling to Simferopol in Crimea when it hit the flock of gulls shortly after take-off, disrupting its engines. State media has dubbed the landing the "miracle over Ramensk". The Kremlin on Thursday hailed the pilots as heroes for "saving people's lives and landing the plane". A spokesman said they would receive state awards soon. The airline said the plane was significantly damaged and would not fly again. An official investigation is under way. The plane had more than 230 passengers and crew on board when the birds were reportedly sucked into its engines and the crew immediately decided to land. An unnamed passenger told state TV the plane started to shake violently after take-off. "Five seconds later, the lights on the right side of the plane started flashing and there was a smell of burning. Then we landed and everyone ran away," he said. Air transport agency Rosaviatsia said the plane landed in a cornfield about a kilometre (0.62 miles) from the runway at Zhukovsky International Airport, with its engines off and landing gear retracted. Passengers were evacuated from the plane, with 74 then seeking medical treatment, according to Russia's emergencies ministry. Nineteen children were among those reported injured. One person remains in hospital, according to Russian media reports. Ural Airlines Director General Kirill Skuratov told state news agency Tass that passengers who wanted to continue with their trip would be put on alternative flights. Russian media compared the incident to the US Airways flight that carried out an emergency landing on the Hudson River shortly after take-off in 2009. But while the crew were hailed as heroes in Russia, they have been added to a blacklist on the website of the Ukrainian NGO Myrotvorets, affiliated to the country's security services. It accused them of "knowingly and on multiple occasions making illegal crossings of the state border of Ukraine". Russian forces annexed Ukraine's Crimea peninsula in March 2014 - a move condemned internationally. Crimea has a Russian-speaking majority. Collisions between birds and planes are a common occurrence in aviation, with thousands reported every year in the US alone. However, they rarely result in accidents or cause damage to the aircraft.

রাশিয়ার একটি যাত্রীবাহী বিমান একটি পাখির ঝাঁকের সঙ্গে ধাক্কা লাগার পর মস্কোর কাছে একটি ভুট্টা ক্ষেতে জরুরি অবতরণ করেছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

In an op-ed published in the Washington Post, Facebook's chief says the responsibility for monitoring harmful content is too great for firms alone. He calls for new laws in four areas: "Harmful content, election integrity, privacy and data portability." It comes two weeks after a gunman used the site to livestream his attack on a mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand. "Lawmakers often tell me we have too much power over speech, and frankly I agree," Mr Zuckerberg writes, adding that Facebook was "creating an independent body so people can appeal our decisions" about what is posted and what is taken down. He also describes a new set of rules he would like to see enforced on tech companies. These new regulations should be the same for all websites, he says, so that it's easier to stop "harmful content" from spreading quickly across platforms. What does Mark Zuckerberg want? In brief, Mr Zuckerberg calls for the following things: The open letter, which will also be published in some European newspapers, comes as the social network faces questions over its role in the Cambridge Analytica scandal around data misuse during election campaigns. The site has also been criticised for failing to stop the spread of footage of the Christchurch killings, in which 50 Muslims died as they prayed. The video was livestreamed to the attacker's Facebook page on 15 March, before being copied 1.5 million times. Mr Zuckerberg's letter did not specifically name these incidents. However, the site earlier announced that it was considering introducing restrictions on live-streaming in the wake of the Christchurch attacks. On Thursday, it also said that it would ban white nationalism and separatism from the site. On Friday it also started labelling political ads appearing on Facebook in EU countries, showing who the advertiser is, how much they paid and who they've targeted. "I believe Facebook has a responsibility to help address these issues, and I'm looking forward to discussing them with lawmakers around the world," Mr Zuckerberg says.

ফেসবুকের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা মার্ক জাকারবার্গ বলেছেন ইন্টারনেটের কন্টেন্ট নিয়ন্ত্রণে সরকার এবং নিয়ন্ত্রক কর্তৃপক্ষগুলোর আরো সক্রিয় ভূমিকা পালন করা প্রয়োজন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Sarah McDermottBBC World Service It was the first day of term at Zwaanswyk High School in Cape Town and the beginning of Miché Solomon's final year. And that January day in 2015, 17-year-old Miché was mobbed by other students excitedly telling her about the new girl, Cassidy Nurse, who was three years younger but looked almost identical to her. Initially, Miché didn't think much of it. But when the two girls later met in the corridor, Miché says she felt an instant connection she couldn't explain. "I almost felt like I knew her," she says. "It was so scary - I couldn't understand why I was feeling like this." Despite the age difference, Miché and Cassidy began spending a lot of time together. "I would say, 'Hey, baby girl!' And she would say, 'Hey, big sis!'" Miché recalls. "Sometimes I would go to the bathroom with her and say, 'Let me brush your hair, let me fix you up with some lip gloss.'" When anyone asked Miché and Cassidy if they were sisters they would joke, "We don't know - maybe in another life!" Then one day the two girls took a selfie together and showed it to their friends. Some asked Miché if she was sure she hadn't been adopted. "No! Don't be crazy!" she insisted. Then Miché and Cassidy went home and showed their families the picture, too. Lavona, Miché's mother, who called her daughter "Princess" and would take her to the mall and to the movies, commented on how similar the two girls looked. Michael, Miché's father, said that he recognised his daughter's new friend - Cassidy's father had an electrical store where he sometimes shopped. But Cassidy's parents, Celeste and Morne Nurse, gazed intensely at the photograph. They told Cassidy they had a question for Miché, and when the two girls next met Cassidy came out with it: "Were you born on 30 April 1997?" "I said, 'Why? Are you stalking me on Facebook?'" Miché says. Cassidy assured Miché that she wasn't stalking her, she just wanted to know when Miché had been born. So Miché replied that yes, she had been born on 30 April 1997. Find out more Miché Solomon spoke to Mpho Lakaje on Outlook on the BBC World Service Listen again here or download the Outlook podcast Weeks later, Miché was unexpectedly summoned from her maths lesson to the headmaster's office, where two social workers were waiting. They told Miché a story about a three-day-old baby girl called Zephany Nurse, who had been abducted from Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town 17 years previously and had never been found. Miché listened to the story unfold, feeling unsure why they were telling her this. Then the social workers explained that there was evidence to suggest that Miché could be the child who had been taken, all those years ago. To set matters straight, Miché explained that she hadn't been born at the Groote Schuur Hospital - she had been born at the Retreat Hospital, about 20 minutes' drive away. That's what was on her birth certificate, she said. But the social workers replied that there was no record of her being born there. Still feeling that this must all be some terrible mistake, Miché agreed to a DNA test. "I had so much belief in the mother who raised me - she would never lie to me, especially about who I am and where I come from," Miché says. "So my mind was made up that the DNA test was going to be negative." But things did not go as she hoped. The test results came back the following day and proved indisputably that Miché Solomon and Zephany Nurse, the baby snatched from the Groote Schuur Hospital in 1997, were the same person. "I sat there in shock," Miché says. "My life was out of control." The story of the stolen baby, now a young woman on the brink of adulthood, being found quite by chance almost two decades later made headlines in South Africa and around the world and Miché's life changed immediately. She was told that she would be unable to return home - it would be another three months before she would turn 18 and be allowed to make her own decisions. For now she had to stay in a safe house. Then Miché received more devastating news. Lavona Solomon, the woman she had grown up believing was her mother, had been arrested. "That broke me," Miché recalls. "I needed her. I needed to ask her, 'Why? What's going on?' I was so overwhelmed that I belonged to someone else." Miché was present when Lavona's husband, Michael - the man Miché regarded as her father - was questioned by police. "I could see the stress in his face, I could see the bloodshot in his eyes and I was really scared," Miché says. The police wanted to know whether he was part of the kidnapping plot. "My father is soft and he's gentle," Miché says. "But he's my rock, he's my hero, he's my daddy, he's the man. And here's this other man making him look like such a small child, while my father's saying, 'No, I didn't do this. Miché is my daughter - how can she not be my daughter? I wasn't part of this.'" The police never found evidence that Michael Solomon had known that Miché had been taken from her biological parents without permission and he was released. Michael says that Lavona had been pregnant. It's thought that she concealed a miscarriage and then faked the remainder of her pregnancy, before stealing Zephany Nurse, bringing her home and pretending she had given birth to the baby herself. And now Lavona Solomon was in custody, awaiting trial on charges of kidnapping and fraudulently claiming to be the mother of a child. Although Celeste and Morne Nurse had gone on to have three more children, they'd never stopped looking for their first born, Zephany, and had celebrated her birthday every year - even after they had divorced. But all the while their stolen child had been growing up nearby. The Solomon home is just 5km from the Nurses' - as a small child, Miché would run around on the field opposite the Nurses' house, while Michael played soccer. Now, after an extraordinary turn of events, the Nurse family's prayers had been answered. Miché was reunited with her biological parents at a police station with social workers on hand. "They hugged me and squeezed me and started crying," Miché says. But she wasn't comfortable. Something didn't feel right. "I was like, 'Just go with it because it's a shame for these people, they have been through a lot,'" she says. "It's sad, but you know, I felt nothing, I didn't feel that I'd missed them." Miché was in emotional turmoil. One set of parents were elated and desperate to make up for lost time, but strangers to her. The others - the ones she loved - were devastated, and one of them was behind bars. Lavona Solomon's trial at the high court in Cape Town began in August 2015. Both Miché and her biological parents were there to hear Lavona's testimony. Throughout the trial, Lavona Solomon denied any wrongdoing. She told the court of her numerous attempts to conceive‚ a number of miscarriages and her desperation to adopt a child. Lavona then said she had been offered a baby by a woman called Sylvia who had been giving her fertility treatment. Sylvia had told Lavona that the baby belonged to a young girl who was not interested in keeping it and wanted the baby to be adopted. But there was no evidence that Sylvia existed. Furthermore, almost two decades after the incident, a witness who remembered seeing the woman dressed as a nurse who carried baby Zephany away as Celeste lay sleeping, picked Lavona Solomon out in an identity parade. The judge concluded that the evidence against her was overwhelming. In 2016, Lavona Solomon was sentenced to 10 years in jail for kidnapping, fraud and violating the Children's Act. The judge criticised her for showing no remorse during the trial. "I felt like death was happening to me," Miché says. "I was like, 'How am I gonna cope? How am I going to get through life without the mother that I had every day in my life?'" Later that year, Miché visited Lavona in prison and was able to speak to her for the first time since the social workers had arrived at her school. "The first visit was behind a window, it was not a contact visit," Miché says. "And I saw my mother in the clothing that female prisoners wear and it broke my heart. I cried and cried." Miché really wanted to know the truth, to find out what had happened on the day that Lavona had taken her from her mother in hospital. "I told her, 'By knowing I'm not your blood - that I actually belong to someone else, and that you've robbed them of possibilities and changed my whole destiny - hurts me. How am I supposed to believe your word when you've lied to me, saying that I am your child? You broke your trust with me. You are going to have to come clean if you want to have a relationship with me.' "And she said, 'One day, I will tell you.' "She still says that she didn't do it, but I think she did." However, Miché says she doesn't hold any grudges. "Forgiving brings so much healing into your heart," Miché says. "Life must go on. She knows that I forgive her, and she knows that I still love her." It has now been more than four years since Miché discovered the truth about her identity. When she turned 18 at the end of April 2015, she considered moving in with one of her biological parents, but decided against it. "They were divorced, that family unit had been messed up," Miché says. "So I went for the obvious decision and the stablest decision - to move back in with Michael, that was my safe space, that was my home." Miché has struggled to form a relationship with her biological family, and says that at times she even felt that she hated them for taking her "mother" away. She still visits Lavona in prison in Worcester, about 120km from where she lives, but it's a long drive, especially now that she has two children of her own. Lavona Solomon is due for release in six years and Miché says she often wishes time would "hurry up". She's still living in the family home, and waiting for her mother to return. Perhaps surprisingly, Miché Solomon has chosen to keep the name that she was raised with rather than the one with which she was born. But somehow, despite the psychological catastrophe of discovering that the woman who raised her had actually stolen her, she has somehow made peace with both of her identities. "I think I hated Zephany in the beginning," Miché says. "She came with such force, such an uninvited invitation, so much suffering and so much pain. But Zephany is the truth and Miché, the 17-year-old girl that I was, she was a lie. So I've managed to balance both names. You can call me Zephany or Miché, it's fine." Miché's story is told in the book Zephany: Two mothers. One daughter by Joanne Jowell You may also like: When a one-day-old baby, Paul Joseph Fronczak, was stolen from a Chicago hospital in 1964, the terrible story made headlines across America. Then, two years later, an abandoned boy was identified as the missing baby and handed over to the relieved parents. Years later, Paul began to investigate what had happened - and was shocked by what he found. Read: The FBI said I was my parents' stolen baby - but I found the truth'

১৯৯৭ সালে কেপটাউন হাসপাতালের প্রসূতি বিভাগ থেকে একজন নার্সের পোশাক পরা নারীকে বেরিয়ে আসতে দেখা যায়। তার কোলে তিন দিন বয়সী এক শিশু, যখন শিশুটির মা ঘুমিয়ে ছিল তখন তাকে সেখান থেকে তুলে আনা হয়।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Michelle RobertsHealth editor, BBC News online Cancer Research UK says bowel, kidney, ovarian and liver cancers are more likely to have been caused by being overweight than by smoking tobacco. It says millions are at risk of cancer because of their weight and that obese people outnumber smokers two to one. But its new billboard campaign highlighting the obesity-cancer risk has been criticised for fat-shaming. It is not the first time the charity has been accused of fat-shaming. In February, comedian and campaigner Sofie Hagen took to Twitter to criticise the campaign. One Twitter user, @KenLynch73, said linking obesity with cigarette-style branding was a new low. Cancer Research UK says it is not about blaming people for being overweight. Nor is it suggesting that smoking and obesity are directly comparable in terms of cancer risk. Both increase a person's risk. But it says being overweight or obese causes around 22,800 cases of cancer each year, compared to smoking which causes 54,300. For the four highlighted cancers:- Smoking remains the UK's leading preventable cause of cancer overall. Obesity ranks second, says CRUK. But while smoking rates are decreasing, obesity is increasing, which health experts agree is concerning. Their warning comes as Tory leadership contender Boris Johnson vowed to not to extend the sugar tax without a review. When asked about plans to extend the tax on soft drinks to milkshakes, Mr Johnson mocked his own weight and said he was "very, very reluctant" to imposes taxes that "clobber those who can least afford it". He suggested we "encourage people to walk, cycle and generally do more exercise". Just over one in four UK adults are obese. In the UK, there are about: While the link between obesity and cancer is well established, the biological mechanisms behind it are not yet fully understood. Fat cells make extra hormones and growth factors that tell cells in the body to divide more often. This increases the chance of cancerous cells being made. Physical activity probably plays a role too, experts say. Being overweight or obese does not mean a person will definitely develop cancer but it does raise their risk. And this risk is higher the more weight a person gains and the longer they are overweight for. According to Cancer Research UK, 13 different cancers are linked to obesity: • breast (in women after the menopause) • bowel • pancreatic • oesophageal (food pipe) • liver • kidney • upper stomach • gallbladder • womb • ovarian • thyroid • multiple myeloma (blood cancer) • meningioma (brain cancer) The link between obesity and cancer is in adults only, although a healthy weight is important for children too. Each year in the UK, the charity says, excess weight causes about: Prof Linda Bauld, Cancer Research UK's prevention expert, said the government should do more to tackle the UK's obesity problem. The government had been slow to restrict unhealthy food and drink ads, the British Medical Association said. "While we are very much aware of the health risks associated with smoking, less effort has been thrown behind tackling obesity, which is now a major cause of cancer," it said, NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens said: "The NHS can't win the 'battle against the bulge' on its own. "Families, food businesses and government all need to play their part if we're to avoid copying America's damaging and costly example."

ব্রিটেনে এখন সাধারণ চার ধরনের ক্যান্সারে অনেক ক্ষেত্রে ধূমপানের চেয়ে বড় কারণ হয়ে উঠেছে স্থূলতা। এমনটাই বলছে দাতব্য সংস্থা ক্যান্সার রিসার্চ ইউকে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Vikas PandeyBBC News, Delhi This is bad news for India's fight against coronavirus because several studies around the world have linked air pollution to higher Covid-19 case numbers and deaths. A Harvard University study shows that an increase of only one microgram per cubic metre in PM 2.5 - dangerous tiny pollutants in the air - is associated with an 8% increase in the Covid-19 death rate. Another study by scientists at the UK's University of Cambridge also found a link between the severity of Covid-19 infection and long-term exposure to air pollutants, including nitrogen oxides and ground-level ozone from car exhaust fumes or burning of fossil fuels. "Such pollutants can also cause a persistent inflammatory response and increase the risk of infection by viruses that target the respiratory tract," Marco Travaglio, one of the co-authors of the study, told the BBC. PM2.5 levels in Delhi have averaged around 180-300 micrograms per cubic metre in recent weeks - 12 times higher than the WHO's safe limits. This is a depressing reversal. Delhi residents were able to breathe clean air for most of the year because a stringent lockdown brought industries and traffic to a grinding halt. There have been no studies in India yet to examine the affect of air pollution on Covid-19 infection or recovery rates. But doctors and epidemiologists have long warned that toxic air will only hamper India's fight against the virus. The country now has the world's second-highest caseload (7.5m and counting) and the third-highest death toll (more than 114,000) from the virus, although deaths per million of the population are relatively low. But experts say worsening air quality will likely increase these numbers. Delhi, already one of the cities worst-hit by the pandemic, will probably bear the brunt because its residents have been exposed to hazardous levels of pollution for years. "The situation in Delhi can get really serious this winter," Dr Francesca Dominici, professor of biostatistics at Harvard University and a lead scientist of the study, told the BBC. The air is especially bad in winters, November to February, when several factors - farmers burning crop stubble to clear the fields, vehicular and industrial pollution, festive fireworks and low wind speed - contribute to what doctors say is a "deadly cocktail of poisonous gases". The Harvard study surveyed more than 3,000 counties across the US but the results are alarming for Delhi as well given its terrifying air pollution records - it has consistently ranked among the world's most polluted cities. "The study arrived at the conclusion even after taking many confounding factors such as population density and socioeconomic variables into account," Dr Dominici said. The researchers concluded that there was an urgent need to control air pollution in areas which are badly hit by Covid-19. Yizhou Yu, who worked on the Cambridge study, said Delhi needed to be on its guard this winter. "A spike in the severe cases can quickly overwhelm the healthcare system and it will possibly further push the mortality rate up," he said. Mary Prunicki, director of air pollution and health research at Stanford University, says poorer communities in the US are likely to be hit harder than the rest. This is true of India as well. In Delhi, for instance, the poor live in ghettos that are closer to sources of pollution such as industrial units, construction sites and busy motorways. Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal has also acknowledged that there was an urgent need to keep pollution levels in check, or else the capital will end up battling two health emergencies at the same time. "That's a terrifying scenario," says Dr DJ Christopher, head of pulmonary medicine at the prestigious Christian Medical College in Tamil Nadu. PM2.5 particles can enter the lungs, where they cause inflammation and damage, before travelling through the bloodstream, causing severe health issues. Studies have shown that exposure to high levels of pollution worsens the condition of patients who have diabetes, hypertension, coronary disease and asthma. And it also weakens the immune system of healthy people. "The lung is the gateway to the body and any damage to the organ can cause severe problems. And that makes people more susceptible to Covid-19," Dr Christopher said. "It's akin to fighting a war with weakened front-line soldiers." Experts say the pollutants could also aid the spread of coronavirus. "In addition to air pollution decreasing immune defences, it is thought that particulate and nitrogen dioxide found in air pollution can act as vectors for the spread and survival of airborne particles such as Covid [virus]," Ms Prunicki said. "One study of mice found that nitrogen dioxide increases the number of receptors to which the virus binds 100 fold." Doctors for Clean Air, a public health initiative that includes Dr Christopher, has warned that deadly air during the pandemic is a "combination we must try to avoid". A government report has predicted that Delhi is likely to report 15,000 cases per day in winter months, and pollution may increase the likelihood of more of these cases becoming severe. The situation is "way more urgent now", Dr Christopher said. "Delhi must cut pollution to avoid a Covid disaster and overwhelming health care systems in winter." "The government, particularly in Delhi, needs to take immediate steps to reduce air pollution. We are looking at a very dark winter otherwise." What do I need to know about the coronavirus?

ভারতের রাজধানী দিল্লি এবং তার আশেপাশে বায়ু দূষণ এবং ঘন ধোঁয়াশা গত এক সপ্তাহ ধরে এক চরম বিপজ্জনক মাত্রায় পৌঁছেছে। সারা শহর জুড়ে বাতাসে দেখা যাচ্ছে ধোঁয়াশার আস্তরণ।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The World Happiness Report measures "subjective well-being" - how happy the people are, and why. Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland and Finland round out the top five, while the Central African Republic came last. Western Europe and North America dominated the top of table, with the US and UK at 14th and 19th, respectively. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa and those hit by conflict have predictably low scores. Syria placed 152 of 155 countries - Yemen and South Sudan, which are facing impending famine, came in at 146 and 147. The World Happiness Report was released to coincide with the United Nations' International Day of Happiness on 20 March. It mainly relies on asking a simple, subjective question of more than 1,000 people every year in more than 150 countries. "Imagine a ladder, with steps numbered from 0 at the bottom to 10 at the top," the question asks. "The top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst possible life for you. On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time?" The average result is the country's score - ranging from Norway's 7.54 to the Central African Republic's 2.69. But the report also tries to analyse statistics to explain why one country is happier than another. It looks at factors including economic strength (measured in GDP per capita), social support, life expectancy, freedom of choice, generosity, and perceived corruption. Can we all be as happy as Scandinavians? 'America's crisis' This year's report also contains a chapter titled "restoring American happiness", which examines why happiness levels in the United States are falling, despite constantly-increasing economic improvement. "The United States can and should raise happiness by addressing America's multi-faceted social crisis - rising inequality, corruption, isolation, and distrust - rather than focusing exclusively or even mainly on economic growth," the authors said. "America's crisis is, in short, a social crisis, not an economic crisis." Jeffrey Sachs, the director of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, which published the report, said President Donald Trump's policies were likely to make things worse. "They are all aimed at increasing inequality - tax cuts at the top, throwing people off the healthcare rolls, cutting Meals on Wheels in order to raise military spending. I think everything that has been proposed goes in the wrong direction," he told Reuters. The report also suggests that professional "white collar" jobs are associated with improved happiness over "blue collar" roles - but that having a job at all is one of the biggest factors. And while "those in well-paying jobs are happier and more satisfied with their lives", that effect has diminishing returns - "an extra $100 of salary is worth much more to someone at the lower end of the income distribution than someone already earning much more." You might also like: Bristol named best place to live in UK Why it's hard to be a Kevin in France Sesame Street welcomes muppet with autism The report has been published for the past five years, during which the Nordic countries have consistently dominated the top spots. The clear dominance of those countries - and Denmark in particular - has encouraged other nations to adopt the Danish concept of "Hygge" - a cultural concept of cosiness and relaxation.

জাতিসংঘ বলছে নরওয়ে এখন বিশ্বের সব চেয়ে 'সুখী' দেশ। তালিকার শেষ ১৫৫তম স্থানে - অর্থাৎ বিশ্বের সব চেয়ে 'অসুখী' দেশ হচ্ছে সেন্ট্রাল আফ্রিকান রিপাবলিক।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Tests on 3,500 adults over 50 found that verbal memory decline was twice as bad in couch potatoes, compared to lesser TV watchers, over six years. Our memory naturally gets worse as part of the ageing process. But this happened faster the more TV was watched, University College London research found. The researchers cannot be sure that TV was the cause of more rapid memory decline, but they say it could be that watching it for long periods stopped people from doing other more stimulating activities such as reading, and exercising. The study, in Scientific Reports, found that those who watched television for more than three-and-a-half hours a day experienced, on average, an 8% to 10% decrease in verbal memory. For those watching less than that per day, it was around 4% to 5%. There was no evidence of TV having an impact on language fluency. Dr Daisy Fancourt, from the UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, said that while watching television may have educational and relaxation benefits, "overall this suggests that adults over the age of 50 should try and ensure television viewing is balanced with other contrasting activities". Study participants, from England, were tested on how well they could remember a list of 10 common words and asked to list as many words in a particular category in one minute. They were asked how much TV they watched each day and monitored from 2008-09 to 2014-15. The research took into account other potential explanations for memory decline including lifestyle factors, and other behaviours, such as time spent sitting, and exercising. Although the study did not ask people what they were watching on TV, some types of television could have a greater effect on cognitive decline, it said. "Older people tend to like watching more soap operas, which can be stressful because they identify closely with the characters," says Prof Andrew Steptoe, from UCL. "This may create cognitive stress which could contribute to memory decline." Don't panic Prof Dame Til Wykes, professor of clinical psychology and rehabilitation from King's College London, said being a passive TV observer may be a potential explanation for the study findings. "There is still a lot we don't know, such as whether memory reductions are affected by what we watch, whether we watch alone or whether you interact with the TV like those on Gogglebox. We also don't know whether changing behaviour would improve memory. "Although this result will cause us to think carefully about screen time, a lot more research is needed before we panic and closely measure TV time like a step counter." Dr Bob Patton, lecturer in clinical psychology, University of Surrey, said older adults (and their carers) should be mindful of too much time spent watching TV. "While TV may not rot the brain as traditional wisdom may suggest, even moderate watching is associated with some very real changes among viewers aged over 50."

প্রতিদিন অন্তত সাড়ে তিন ঘন্টার বেশি টেলিভিশন দেখলে বয়স্কদের স্মৃতিশক্তি কমে যেতে পারে- একটি গবেষণায় এমনই ইঙ্গিত দেওয়া হয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Hassan al-Kontar's plight garnered global attention when he began posting regular videos from Kuala Lumpur International Airport. He spent the last two months in a Malaysian detention centre and his Canadian sponsors sought to have his case expedited. He arrived in Vancouver late on Monday. Two organisations, the British Columbia Muslim Association and Canada Caring Society, sponsored him to come to Canada as a refugee. Laurie Cooper, a volunteer with Canada Caring Society, had earlier told the BBC that they heard last Thursday that he was coming to Canada. "It's a huge sense of relief, still a bit unbelievable," she said. "Until I give him a big hug at the airport, it's not really real. It's been a long, long journey with lots of ups and downs." Ms Cooper said Mr Kontar texted her from the boarding gate in Malaysia saying he could not wait to see her. "His situation is just representative of the challenges faced by all refugees around the world," she said. "It's getting harder and harder for them to find a safe place to live. He's one of the lucky ones." The group said people from around the world helped raise the funds to bring Mr Kontar, 37, to Canada. A number of rights organisations have championed Mr Kontar's case and an online petition launched by the Canadian Caring Society asking Canada's immigration minister to allow him entry garnered over 62,000 signatures. Mr Kontar had been working in insurance in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) when war broke out in Syria in 2011. He could not renew his passport because he had not completed military service at home, but he did not want to return, fearing he would be arrested or made to join the military. So he stayed on illegally in the UAE, but was arrested in 2016. In 2017, he managed to get a new passport, but was eventually deported to Malaysia. It is one of the few countries in the world which grants Syrians visa-free entry on arrival. He was given a three-month tourist visa. When that expired, he tried to go to Turkey, but was was not allowed to board the plane. He went to Cambodia, but was sent back. He spent months in limbo, staying in the arrivals area of the airport and living off food donated by airline staff. Mr Kontar, from Suweida, south of Damascus, had applied for asylum in Ecuador and Cambodia, but was unsuccessful.

প্রায় সাত মাস মালয়েশিয়ার একটি বিমানবন্দরে দিনযাপন করার পর কানাডায় আশ্রয় পেয়েছেন একজন সিরিয়ান।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Pallab GhoshScience correspondent, BBC News, in Austin, Texas The sensors are able to send information to doctors continuously. The team developing the system says it could allow therapists to more closely monitor the effectiveness of their care. Details of the study were released at the recent annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Texas. Lizzy McAninch had a stroke two years ago. She could not move or speak or swallow for several weeks. Lizzy is testing out wearable sensors that might speed her recovery. They look like small white sticking plasters, but they send information wirelessly to her medical team. She is a doctor herself and can see how they could help her. "This technology to put sensors on the body to assess which muscle groups work or not can really pinpoint the areas affected by the stroke and can target therapies to specifically improve those issues," she told BBC News. The sensors continue to send back readings even after she has finished her exercises. This means that her therapist Kristen Hohl, from the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab in Chicago, can monitor her progress at home. "As a therapist, I think about what my patients are doing at home. Are they able to carry through the recommendations I'm giving them as a therapist to do more? Do we see that they are walking more or do we see them engaging in conversations? "Those are the types of things that I can get feedback from the sensors where currently I have to rely on what they tell me they have done." The challenge for the scientists was to pack a lot of electronics on to a small flexible material and still make it comfortable for the patient to wear for a long time. "It is almost mechanically imperceptible to the patient who is wearing the device," according to John Rogers, of Northwestern University in Chicago, who developed the sensors. "And you can embed all sorts of advanced sensor functionality, microprocessor computing capability, power supplies and WiFi into this very unusual platform, and that is the uniqueness of what we do." By the end of this year, the research team will have more information than ever before on stroke recovery. The scientists believe that their study could transform the way patients are treated in the future. Follow Pallab on Twitter

আমেরিকার বিজ্ঞানীরা হাতে বেঁধে রাখা যায় এমন একটি সেন্সর প্যাচ তৈরি করতে চলেছেন যা হৃদরোগে আক্রান্ত রোগীদের দ্রুত সুস্থ করে তুলতে সাহায্য করবে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Sources close to his family told ABC News and his former employer CNN that he has been at Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre for over a week. King, whose career spans over 60 years, has won multiple accolades, including two Peabody Awards and an Emmy. He has faced several health problems in recent years, including heart attacks. Representatives for King have not publicly commented on his hospital treatment, and details of his current condition are unclear. "Larry has fought so many health issues in the last few years and he is fighting this one hard too, he's a champ," a source told CNN. King's admission to hospital was first reported on 1 January by entertainment outlet Showbiz 411, which noted that he was being treated in isolation and was unable to receive family visits. The talk show host rose to fame in the 1970s with his radio programme The Larry King Show, on the commercial network Mutual Broadcasting System. He was then the host of Larry King Live on CNN, between 1985 and 2010, holding interviews with a host of guests, including politicians, athletes, entertainment figures, and conspiracy theorists. He also wrote a column for the USA Today newspaper for over 20 years. Most recently, King hosted another programme, Larry King Now, on Hulu and RT, Russia's state-controlled international broadcaster. During his career, the interviewer has faced a range of health issues, including diabetes, angina, heart attacks and lung cancer. Two of his five children also died last year within weeks of each other - one from a heart attack, another from lung cancer. In 1988 he founded the Larry King Cardiac Foundation, a charity which helps to fund heart treatment for those with limited financial means or no medical insurance. You may also be interested in:

প্রবীণ আমেরিকান টিভি ব্যক্তিত্ব ল্যারি কিং মারা গেছেন। তার বয়স হয়েছিল ৮৭ বছর। তিনি লস এঞ্জেলসে করোনাভাইরাসের চিকিৎসা নিচ্ছিলেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz called it a "repulsive terror attack" and said one gunman was also killed. Police were searching for at least one attacker who was still at large, the interior minister said. The shootings took place near Vienna's central synagogue but it is not yet clear if that was the target. The city's police chief said two men and a woman were killed. At least a dozen other people were wounded, officials said. The attack happened just hours before Austria imposed new national restrictions to try to stem rising cases of coronavirus. Many people were out enjoying bars and restaurants which are now closed until the end of November. European leaders strongly condemned the shooting. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said he was "deeply shocked by the terrible attacks". What do we know about the attack? Police said the incident began at about 20:00 (19:00 GMT) on Monday, near the Seitenstettengasse synagogue, when a heavily armed man opened fire on people outside cafes and restaurants. Members of the special forces quickly arrived at the scene. One policeman suffered a gunshot wound before other officers shot the perpetrator, who was armed with an automatic rifle, a pistol and a machete. Jewish community leader Oskar Deutsch tweeted that the synagogue was closed at the time the attack began. An officer guarding the synagogue was among the wounded, newspaper Kronen Zeitung reported. It was not immediately clear how many attackers took part in the shooting. Austrian media said one person had been arrested, citing the interior ministry. Footage posted on social media showed people running through the streets as gunshots rang out. Witness Chris Zhao was in a nearby restaurant when the shooting started. He told the BBC: "We heard noises that sounded like firecrackers. We heard about 20 to 30 and we thought that to be actually gunfire. We saw the ambulances... lining up. There were victims. Sadly, we also saw a body lying down the street next to us." As a major anti-terror operation swung into action, police urged people to avoid the area and not to use public transport. Roadblocks were set up around the city centre. Police in the neighbouring Czech Republic said they were carrying out random checks on the border with Austria amid fears that the gunman might head in that direction. Interior Minister Karl Nehammer said the attacker still at large was "heavily armed and dangerous". He told a news conference that children in Vienna would not be expected to attend school on Tuesday. What has the reaction been? On Twitter, Mr Kurz said "we are experiencing difficult hours in our republic", adding that the army would take over the security of major buildings in Vienna. "Our police will act decisively against the perpetrators of this hideous terrorist attack. We will never allow ourselves to be intimidated by terrorism," he said. Austria had until now been spared the sort of attacks that have hit other European countries. Leaders across the region condemned the shooting, with French President Emmanuel Macron saying that Europe must not "give up" in the face of attacks. "We the French people share the shock and grief of the Austrian people, struck this evening by an attack in the heart of their capital, Vienna. After France, a friend of ours is attacked. This is our Europe. Our enemies must know who they are dealing with," he said. Three people died in a knife attack in a church in the French city of Nice last week in what Mr Macron said was an "Islamist terrorist attack". The UK prime minister also said the country's "thoughts are with the people of Austria - we stand united with you against terror" while Home Secretary Priti Patel said "we stand ready to support in any way we can". European Council President Charles Michel called it a cowardly act that violated life and human values. Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte called the shooting "a heinous act" and expressed "solidarity" with Austria.

অস্ট্রিয়ার রাজধানী ভিয়েনার ছয়টি ভিন্ন ভিন্ন জায়গায় সশস্ত্র বন্দুকধারীরা হামলা চালিয়ে অন্তত দুজনকে হত্যা করেছে। এ ঘটনায় আহত হয়েছে আরো বেশ কয়েকজন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

They blame the rise in diseases such as Covid-19 on high demand for animal protein, unsustainable agricultural practices and climate change. Neglected zoonotic diseases kill two million people a year, they say. Covid-19 is set to cost the global economy $9tn (£7.2tn) over two years. Ebola, West Nile virus and Sars are also all zoonotic diseases: they started in animals, and made the jump to humans. What did the report say? But that jump is not automatic. It is driven, according to the report by the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Livestock Research Institute, by the degradation of our natural environment - for example through land degradation, wildlife exploitation, resource extraction and climate change. This alters the way animals and humans interact. "In the last century we have seen at least six major outbreaks of novel coronaviruses," said Inger Andersen, under-secretary general and executive director of the UN Environment Programme. "Over the last two decades and before Covid-19, zoonotic diseases caused economic damage of $100bn (£80bn)." She said that "two million people in low- and middle-income countries die each year from neglected endemic zoonotic diseases - such as anthrax, bovine tuberculosis and rabies". "These are often communities with complex development problems, high dependence on livestock and proximity to wildlife." Meat production, for example, has increased by 260% in the last 50 years, Ms Andersen said. "We have intensified agriculture, expanded infrastructure and extracted resources at the expense of our wild spaces," she explained. "Dams, irrigation and factory farms are linked to 25% of infectious diseases in humans. Travel, transport and food supply chains have erased borders and distances. Climate change has contributed to the spread of pathogens." The report offers governments strategies on how to prevent future outbreaks, such as incentivizing sustainable land management, improving biodiversity and investing in scientific research. "The science is clear that if we keep exploiting wildlife and destroying our ecosystems, then we can expect to see a steady stream of these diseases jumping from animals to humans in the years ahead," Ms Andersen said. "To prevent future outbreaks, we must become much more deliberate about protecting our natural environment."

প্রাণী থেকে যেসব রোগ মানুষের শরীরে আসে বিজ্ঞানের পরিভাষায় সেগুলোকে বলা হয় জুনটিক রোগ এবং বন্যপ্রাণী ও পরিবেশ রক্ষা করতে না পারলে এধরনের রোগের সংখ্যা আরো বাড়তেই থাকবে বলে জাতিসংঘের বিশেষজ্ঞরা সতর্ক করে দিয়েছেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The analysis shows the inequality persists after taking into account age, where people live and some measures of deprivation and prior health. People from Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani communities also had a significantly higher risk of dying. The government has launched a review into the issue. The analysis by the ONS combined data on deaths involving Covid-19 with information on ethnicity from the 2011 census. Taking into account age, location and some measures of deprivation, disadvantage and prior health, it found black people were 90% more likely to die with Covid-19 than white people. Men and women from Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani communities had an increased risk of between 30% and 80%, the analysis found. The ONS suggested some of the risk might be caused by other social and economic factors that are not included in the data. And it said that some ethnic groups may be "over-represented in public-facing occupations" and so more at risk of being infected while at work. The ONS plans to examine the link between coronavirus risk and occupation. Without taking into account factors such as prior health and location, the analysis found black people were more than four times as likely to die after contracting the virus. But Prof Keith Neal, emeritus professor of the epidemiology of infectious diseases at the University of Nottingham, said that figure was "misleading". He said not adjusting for "known factors" like whether groups were living in areas with more coronavirus cases could make the difference in risk appear even bigger than it was. After factoring in these issues, the death rate among black men and women was 1.9 times as high as white men and women. For Bangladeshi and Pakistani men the risk was 1.8 times higher, and for women in those communities it was 1.6 times higher. One expert in communicable diseases said the NHS should pull BAME staff at greater risk of infection "out of the front line". Dr Bharat Pankhania from the University of Exeter told BBC Radio 5 Live: "Now that we know, we can say, we need to reduce your face-to-face consultations. Where face-to-face consultations are absolutely necessary, we are going to give you enhanced personal protective equipment to protect yourselves." Afterwards, he said, experts could investigate further whether the issue was caused by other health problems prevalent in ethnic minority communities, such as heart disease or diabetes, or whether there was another explanation. Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab told the daily coronavirus briefing in Downing Street that Public Health England was investigating what "interventions can sensibly be made" to protect BAME frontline workers. "We're very concerned about it, it's something we take very seriously," he said. What's causing this stark difference? The raw numbers on coronavirus deaths in England and Wales and ethnicity are stark. People from black backgrounds make up just over 3% of the population but account for 6% of coronavirus deaths. But what's causing this? Raw numbers don't give the reason why. You need to take account of the differences between communities that could explain it. More people from black, Asian or minority ethnic communities live in cities where the epidemic has been worst. But white communities are older on average, and the coronavirus hits older people harder. If you take account of age differences, but not of other factors, black people are four time more likely to die with coronavirus. If you also take account of where people live, that difference falls but doesn't disappear: black people are just over twice as likely to die with coronavirus. Accounting for rough measures of health and wealth changes it a little, bringing the risk down to just under twice as likely. But the analysis doesn't address the impact of exposure at work or current health conditions. David Lammy, the shadow justice secretary, said the greater risk faced by black people was "appalling". "It is urgent the causes of this disproportionality are investigated. Action must be taken to protect black men and women - as well as people from all backgrounds - from the virus," the Labour MP for Tottenham said on Twitter. Nicole Andrews, a lecturer in health and social care at Newman University in Birmingham, told the BBC the figures were "completely devastating" but not surprising, as "there is a long legacy of poor health outcomes for our communities" in the UK. Black and minority ethnic workers were more likely to be in front-line positions with more contact with the public, leading to a greater risk of the exposure to the virus, Dr Andrews said. Research by the Health Foundation found that in London, while black and Asian workers made up 34% of the overall working population, they represented 54% of workers in food retail, 48% of health and social care staff, and 44% of people working in transport. Helen Barnard, acting director of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, said workers from black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds were also more likely to live in overcrowded homes, increasing the risk of the virus spreading to their families. She said that the UK entered the crisis with "a rising tide of low pay, insecure jobs and spiralling living costs" and "we must ask ourselves what kind of society we want to live in after the virus passes". A Department of Health and Social Care spokeswoman said it had commissioned Public Health England to examine different factors such as ethnicity, obesity and geographical location that may influence the effect of the virus. "It is critical we find out which groups are most at risk so we can take the right steps to protect them and minimise their risk," she said.

ব্রিটেনের জাতীয় পরিসংখ্যান দপ্তরের নতুন প্রকাশ করা রিপোর্ট বলছে কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ নারী পুরুষের করোনাভাইরাসে মৃত্যুর ঝুঁকি শ্বেতাঙ্গদের তুলনায় দ্বিগুণ।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

They said he had endured a "long-term battle with a progressive lung condition" which "rapidly worsened towards the end of this year". He died at home on Monday with his family by his side, who said they were "heartbroken". Tributes have been paid from the world of entertainment for the "true telly legend". His career spanned five decades. 'Life and soul' Chegwin was perhaps best known for hosting programmes including children's game show Cheggers Plays Pop, Swap Shop and Saturday Superstore. The Liverpool-born star began his career as a child actor, starring in films such as Roman Polanski's Macbeth and TV shows including The Liver Birds, The Adventures of Black Beauty and Z-Cars. He went on to appear in reality TV shows including Celebrity Big Brother. The larger-than-life character, described by his family as "a loving husband, father, son, brother, uncle and friend", leaves his wife Maria and two children. Chegwin had been cared for at a hospice in recent weeks. His last tweet was posted on 28 September. 'Childhood memories' Chegwin was previously married to fellow TV presenter Maggie Philbin, whom he had met on Swap Shop. Philbin paid tribute to her former husband, saying: "It is incredibly sad. Keith was a one-off. Full of life, generous and with a focus on things that mattered - his family. "I saw him two months ago at his sister Janice's wedding, where he was still attempting to be life and soul of the party despite being on portable oxygen and made sure he knew how much he meant to us all. "Our daughter Rose flew home from San Francisco to be with him over the last few weeks and I know he was surrounded by so much love from his second wife Maria, their son Ted, his sister Janice, his twin brother Jeff and his father Colin." Fellow Swap Shop presenter Noel Edmonds said in a statement: "I've lost my first real telly chum and I'm certain I'm not alone in shedding tears for a true telly legend. "The greatest achievement for any TV performer is for the viewers to regard you as a friend and today millions will be grateful for Keith's contribution to their childhood memories and like me they will mourn the passing of a friend." Ricky Gervais, who created the series Extras which Chegwin starred in, described him as a "national treasure". 'Great character' Gaby Roslin, who worked with Chegwin on The Big Breakfast, described him as "so generous and kind" and a "happy and joyous man". John Craven, who worked with Chegwin on Swap Shop told BBC News that his colleague "never lost his cool. I never saw Keith when he wasn't happy. He was a great, great character." He added: "We were great friends for many years, but we lost touch a bit and [his death] came as a huge shock for me." Presenter Chris Evans, who worked with Chegwin on the Big Breakfast, tweeted: "Very sad and shocked to hear of the passing of Keith Chegwin. The king of outside broadcast." Bobby Davro said Chegwin was "one of the nicest guys" in showbiz. And Tony Blackburn said he was "devastated" at the loss of his friend. Blackburn told BBC News that Chegwin was "exactly the same (off air) as he was on television" and that he never saw him with a script. "He was the most lovely person I've ever met and I'm so sad he's no longer with us," he added. 'Saturday morning hero' Breakfast presenter Lorraine Kelly said he was "a kind, funny, brave man". And Fiona Phillips, who also worked with him on breakfast TV, also paid tribute to her friend. Phillip Schofield, who presented Saturday morning show Going Live, described Chegwin as "one of my many original Saturday morning heroes". Chegwin also had a hit single with I Wanna Be A Winner in 1981. The novelty hit, which was recorded by Chegwin and his Swap Shop co-hosts under the name Brown Sauce, reached number 15 in the charts. His career fell away in the 80s and 90s and he had a well-documented struggle with alcoholism for many years. But it was revived by a stint on the Big Breakfast. He went on to make infamous Channel 5 nudist gameshow Naked Jungle, appearing naked except for a hat - which he later described as the "worst career move" of his "entire life". Chegwin - known affectionately by the nickname Cheggers - also appeared in Celebrity Big Brother, Bargain Hunt Famous Finds and Dancing on Ice. He was due to appear in the 2012 Dancing on Ice series but had to pull out after breaking his ribs during the first day of rehearsal. He returned as a contestant the following year. He also took part in Pointless Celebrities and Masterchef. The disease Chegwin had is called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which causes scarring of the lungs. Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected].

স্টিভেন হকিং এর পরিবারের একজন মুখপাত্র বলছেন, ৭৬ বছর বয়সে তিনি মারা যান।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Rob YoungBusiness reporter The Boeing 737 Max 8 has only been in commercial use since 2017. In October last year a Lion Air Boeing 737 Max went down shortly after take-off from Jakarta, Indonesia, killing all 189 people on board. That aircraft was less than three months old. Ethiopian Airlines flight ET302 also went down just minutes after take-off. The aircraft - registration ET-AVJ - first flew in October 2018, according to flight tracking websites. How the plane differed from previous model Jakarta-based aviation analyst Gerry Soejatman told the BBC the 737 Max's "engine is a bit further forward and a bit higher in relation to the wing, compared to the previous version of the plane. That affects the balance of the plane". The Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee indicated that Lion Air flight 610 experienced "erroneous input" from one of its sensors designed to alert pilots if the aeroplane is at risk of stalling. The inquiry has not yet reached any final conclusions about the cause of the disaster. The sensor and connected software work in a different way to previous models of the 737, but pilots had not been told that. Within days of the Lion Air crash, the aircraft maker Boeing issued an operations bulletin to airlines. The US aviation regulator then issued an "emergency" airworthiness directive to US carriers about this sensor - a so-called Angle of Attack (AOA) sensor. The Federal Aviation Administration said the sensor "condition, if not addressed, could cause the flight crew to have difficulty controlling the airplane, and lead to excessive nose-down attitude, significant altitude loss, and possible impact with terrain". Who was sent the emergency alert? US airlines were told to update information flight manuals for air crew. At the time the FAA said the information was passed on to other national aviation regulators. The expectation was that regulators would inform airlines and they in turn would update pilots. Aviation sources say it almost certain that Ethiopian Airlines pilots would have been updated on the sensor issue. There is no immediate evidence to suggest the Ethiopia Airlines jet has encountered the same difficulties as the Lion Air flight. Aviation analyst John Strickland of JLS Consulting told the BBC: "There will be attention to the fact that this was a very new aircraft, the same type as that involved in the recent Lion Air accident and in a similar phase of flight - but detailed work taking time will be required to establish the cause." What's Boeing's response? In a statement on Sunday, Boeing said a "technical team is prepared to provide technical assistance at the request and under the direction of the US National Transportation Safety Board". It has also said it extended its "heartfelt sympathies to the families and loved ones of the passengers and crew on board and stand ready to support the Ethiopian Airlines team". The Boeing 737 Max has been the fastest-selling aircraft in Boeing's history, with more than 4,500 ordered by 100 different operators globally. The initial findings of the investigation in Ethiopia will determine what action regulators and airlines take. Ethiopian Airlines is regarded as Africa's leading airline. Analyst John Strickland said it is "also recognised globally as a high-quality professionally-run company".

নতুন ধরণের বোয়িং এয়ারক্রাফট চালুর পর ইথিওপিয়ান উড়োজাহাজ বিধ্বস্তের ঘটনাটিসহ মাত্র ৫ মাসের ব্যবধানে দুটি দুর্ঘটনা ঘটলো।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Suneth PereraBBC News Gauri, 26, was a child soldier for the separatist Tamil Tigers, fighting what they saw as an oppressive regime propped up by people like Roshan. "I had not seen Sinhalese or spoken to them," she says. "We thought they were bad people and would kill us." To Roshan, the rebels were a hated foe whose bombing campaign during a 26-year civil war robbed innocent people of their lives. "We looked at each other as enemies," the 29-year-old told the BBC's Crossing Divides season, which is about people coming together in a fragmented world. "But now we are happily married. Our daughter is the symbol of our love." So, what brought about the transformation which means they share dreams of building a house, buying a car and putting their little girl, Senuli Chamalka, through school? 'One of my friends was killed' Sri Lanka's conflict flared up in 1983, when Tamil separatists - angered by increasing nationalism on the part of the Sinhalese majority - killed 13 soldiers in an ambush. The incident sparked anti-Tamil riots, in which several hundred of the minority group were killed. The conflict had been a constant presence in Gauri's life, but changed it irreversibly in January 2009, when she was told a tractor being driven by her beloved elder brother, Subramaniyam Kannan, had been hit by a shell. It had been fired, she says, from a government-controlled area close to her village in the Tamil Tiger stronghold of Vishwamadu, northern Sri Lanka. Broken-hearted, she went in search of him but was captured by the rebels. They gave 16-year-old Gauri a week's training and sent her onto the battlefield. "I saw people shot and killed," says Gauri. "One of my friends was hit by a bomb. We tried to lift her... but she had chewed a cyanide capsule, saying she was so badly hurt it was pointless to survive. "We had no way to bathe, and no proper food. At times I questioned the purpose of living." The war exploded into Roshan's life when he was 14, in 2004. A rebel bomb interrupted Sinhalese Hindu New Year celebrations in his family's village, in between separatist and government-controlled areas in the Vavuniya district. Soon afterwards, angry at bombings that killed both civilians and military, he followed his father and several cousins into the Civil Security department. "Almost every day we heard about attacks," he says, adding that he lost a cousin to the fighting. "People were scared. Families didn't travel together for fear of getting killed." As many as 100,000 people are thought to have been killed before the conflict ended in 2009. In 2015, a United Nations report accused both sides of unlawful killings. It said security forces were responsible for crimes including torture and sexual violence, and that the rebels forced both children and adults to fight. Gauri fought for more than a month before her commanders recognised she had a heart defect and set her free. Soon afterwards, she handed herself in to the Sri Lankan army. She was among many former rebels sent on a government rehabilitation programme. Despite having been convinced of the separatist cause, spending time with Sinhalese people helped her realise they were "human beings". She eventually joined the Civil Security department. The authorities had set up farms to provide for communities in the north and it was on one of these - in Udayankattu - that she met her future husband. By the time Gauri was posted there, in 2013, Roshan had been there for a year. Unable to communicate with the Tamil-speaking population, he was miserable. Working with Gauri, who translated for him, transformed his life "He must have felt alone," says Gauri. "I wanted to make sure he was alright, so I used to bring him home-made food." Soon, their feelings were clear. "I told him I loved him more than his mother [did]," she says. "When I went on leave, she cried," says Roshan. "She even wanted to make sure I had enough money to survive." On making their relationship public, they were met with prejudice typified by a relative of Roshan commenting: "There are lots of Sinhalese girls... why are you after a Tamil?" Roshan's mother opposed the marriage, as did Gauri's sister - a former Tamil Tiger - who thought marrying a Sinhalese man would take her away from the community, and that he would beat her. They say their respective families were won over by seeing how they treated each other with love and respect. "Eventually things got better," says Gauri, adding that Roshan's mother - who has since died - was delighted with Senuli Chamalka's arrival. "Our little angel brought us even closer," she says. These days, the couple live with her family and Gauri says Roshan has become her sister's "favourite brother-in-law". The pair married in 2014 and take Senuli Chamalka to both Hindu and Buddhist temples. For them, division seemed a thing of the past. However, in the wake of the Easter Sunday attacks that left more than 250 people dead, and the anti-Muslim retribution that followed, the couple fear a new division could pitch the country back into conflict. "It is not only people of one side who die in a war," says Gauri. "Many die regardless of their ethnicity or religion. "We don't need another war." BBC Crossing Divides A season of stories about bringing people together in a fragmented world.

গৌরি মালার আর রোশান জায়াথিলাকে তাদের ১১ মাস বয়সী মেয়ের সাথে খেলা করতে দেখলে মনে হবে না যে মাত্র ১০ বছর আগেও একে অপরের শত্রু ছিলেন তারা।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Dr John CollinsLondon School of Economics Mexico's new government plans to legalise recreational cannabis use, as does the incoming government of Luxembourg. Meanwhile, New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern is considering a referendum on what its approach should be. As public opinion - and that of governments - changes, it seems increasingly likely that other countries will follow, raising questions about how they work together to manage the use and supply of cannabis. What has led one country after another to move towards a relaxation of their laws and, in many cases, outright legalisation? War on drugs It was only in 2012 that Uruguay announced it would be the first country in the world to legalise recreational cannabis use. In large part, the move was aimed at replacing links between organised crime and the cannabis trade with more accountable state regulation. Later the same year, voters in Washington State and Colorado became the first in the US to support legalisation of the drug for non-medical use. Under President Barack Obama, a critic of the US-led war on drugs, the US government stepped back from enforcing federal laws and effectively gave states a green light to explore alternatives. Eight more states and Washington DC have since supported the legalisation of recreational cannabis and penalties are softening elsewhere. The use of the drug for medical reasons is allowed in 33 of the 50 states. In many ways the jury is still out on the effects of legalisation on society and individuals' health, but there is no question that public opinion and government policy has softened. The tide has crept across the Americas, with Canada legalising the sale, possession and recreational use of cannabis nationwide in October. That Mexico will legalise marijuana seems a virtual certainty. The new government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador has introduced a bill that would legalise its medical and recreational use, while the country's supreme court recently ruled an absolute ban on recreational use unconstitutional. Other countries are pushing ahead. Although the sale of cannabis remains illegal, possession of small amounts is no longer a crime in countries including Brazil, Jamaica and Portugal. In Spain it is legal to use cannabis in private, while the drug is sold openly in coffee shops in the Netherlands. Still more countries allow the use of medicinal cannabis. Around the world, there are many more countries where change is under way: Sick children In many countries, the move towards legalisation started with a softening of public attitudes. In the US and Canada, images of sick children being denied potentially life-changing medicines had a tremendous impact on public opinion - a concern that brought forward legalisation for medical purposes. A similar softening of attitudes has been seen in the UK. In June, 12-year-old Billy Caldwell, who has severe epilepsy, was admitted to hospital after his medical cannabis oil was confiscated. A month later, a special licence to use cannabis oil was granted to seven-year-old Alfie Dingley, who has a rare form of epilepsy. Following high-profile campaigns, the UK government changed the law to allow doctors to prescribe cannabis products. As US states such as California found in the 1990s and 2000s, familiarity with medical cannabis can soften attitudes towards recreational use. But in the UK, the Home Office says the recreational use of cannabis will remain banned, although senior figures, including former Conservative leader William Hague, have suggested a rethink. Mexico has also had cases of children being denied medical cannabis, but it has also been motivated by the extraordinary violence of its drugs war. Although marijuana makes up a relatively small share of drug cartel revenues, continuing to ban it is seen as increasingly at odds with reality. Mexican diplomats warned the US it was difficult to enforce the fight against cannabis when the neighbouring American state of California legalised recreational use. The cannabis market With countries worldwide moving towards some form of legalisation, others are rushing to catch up. Often, as in many parts of Latin America, governments want their farmers to have access to the potentially lucrative medicinal cannabis markets that are developing. Corporations have also expressed interest. For example, Altria, which owns cigarette brands including Marlboro, has made a $1.86bn (£1.46bn) investment in a Canadian cannabis company. Over time, as the US demonstrates, it is quite possible that the medical trade could quite easily morph into recreational sales - potentially opening up an even bigger market. One immediate obstacle is that cannabis for recreational purposes cannot be traded across borders. Countries can only import and export medicinal cannabis under a licensing system supervised by the International Narcotics Control Board. Farmers in countries such as Morocco and Jamaica may have a reputation for producing cannabis, but they can't access markets that domestic producers sometimes struggle to supply - as happened in Canada following legalisation. More stories like this The effects of cannabis Source: NHS Choices Developing rules While there are some rumblings of change within the international legal system, as yet this seems far off. Governments that want to move towards legalisation face a challenge: steering a course between uncontrolled legalisation and hard prohibition. Poorly-regulated industry and mind-altering substances are not a combination about which many societies would feel comfortable. But it seems a virtual certainty that more countries will change their approach to cannabis in the coming decades. As such, domestic and international rules will need to catch up. About this piece This analysis piece was commissioned by the BBC from an expert working for an outside organisation. Dr John Collins is the executive director of the International Drugs Policy Unit at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Follow him @JCollinsIDPU Edited by Duncan Walker

গাঁজার ব্যবহার বিষয়ে বিশ্বজুড়ে বিভিন্ন দেশের নীতিমালা ও মানসিকতার পরিবর্তন হচ্ছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Barbara Plett UsherBBC State Department correspondent It has also laid bare the extent to which the Israeli right has been empowered in occupied East Jerusalem during the presidency of Donald Trump. Unrest there sparked wider battles, and could draw the Biden administration more deeply into the longstanding Israeli-Palestinian conflict even after this latest seismic eruption abates. That's a prospect President Biden and his senior advisers would like to avoid. They've made clear their diplomatic priorities lie elsewhere. Until now they've adopted a low-key minimalist approach in this graveyard of American-led peace initiatives, quietly trying to restore some elements of US policy upended by the Trump administration's unabashedly pro-Israel stance. That has meant concentrating on repairing ruptured relations with the Palestinians, and voicing rhetorical support for a viable Palestinian state as key to a lasting peace with Israel. But they've calculated the prospects for a new round of negotiations as bleak, and are determined to shift the focus of American foreign policy to China. Familiar pattern The sudden shift back to the Middle East this week has seen a return to a traditional pattern. In public statements the president and his Secretary of State Antony Blinken have forcefully repeated the standard American formula about Israel's right to self-defence in the face of Palestinian rocket fire. While expressing concern about the mounting number of Palestinians killed in Israeli air strikes, Mr Blinken has drawn a "clear and absolute distinction" between "a terrorist organisation targeting civilians, and Israel… targeting the terrorists". Biden has seen no "significant overreaction" in the Israeli response to the barrage of Hamas missiles, a judgment that some analysts took as an implicit green light for the operation to continue, despite US calls for calm. Hussein Ibish of the Arab Gulf States Institute says Washington typically gives Israel an initial "carte blanche" to respond to rocket attacks "until they think Israel has had enough of a chance to do what it needs to do" to destroy militant infrastructure. Read more from Barbara Diplomatic reengagement? The Biden administration also blocked UN Security Council action this week, where the US often stands alone in defending Israel from criticism, arguing that a statement or public meeting would hinder behind-the-scenes diplomacy. It has now agreed to an emergency session on Sunday. But it had to rapidly step up its game on the diplomatic front without a full team in place; there is not even a nominee yet for ambassador to Israel. Mr Blinken and other senior officials have been working the phones with their Israeli counterparts. There have been urgent calls with Arab countries to try to help shape a regional response led by Egypt. And the secretary of state has dispatched his top official for Israeli and Palestinian affairs, Hady Amr, to the region, although Mr Amr is a mid-level diplomat without the kind of rank held by special envoys in previous administrations. "One signal of a more resolute stance in the behind-the-scenes diplomacy would have been to send someone more senior," says Daniel Kurtzer, a former US ambassador to Israel. Red lines in Jerusalem Devastating as it is, the Gaza air strikes are familiar territory, unlike the explosion of unrest in Jerusalem which sparked them. The eastern part of the city - captured by Israel in 1967, claimed by the Palestinians and home to holy sites for both - has always been a flashpoint. Its future was set to be determined in peace negotiations. But right-wing Israeli governments together with Jewish settler groups have been squeezing out the Palestinians, and that activity became particularly brazen during the Trump administration. President Biden's team did not notice warning signs that this was becoming combustible, says Hussein Ibish. "What it failed to do was prevent the Israeli right, both the settler movement and government, from pressing forward with really provocative moves on the ground." A campaign by the settlers to evict dozens of Palestinian families triggered a wave of protests. That was amplified by Palestinian anger over heavy-handed Israeli policing at the Al-Aqsa mosque, located on a mount revered by Muslims and Jews. There was also fury about plans for right-wing Jewish nationalists to march there through a Muslim neighbourhood, which was called off at the last minute. The conflagration spread to demonstrations of solidarity by Palestinian citizens of Israel. And that has triggered a new and alarming wave of communal violence in Israeli cities with mixed Arab and Jewish populations. The Biden administration must set red lines, says Daniel Kurtzer. It needs to tell the Israeli government to "Just stop it!" when it comes to provocative steps in East Jerusalem, he says. "They should say we support Israel's right to self-defence, but [this activity] needs to come to an end." The State Department did issue a statement calling for de-escalation on both sides in Jerusalem, shortly before the Hamas rocket fire changed the conversation. And Mr Blinken has declared deep concern about the "violence in the streets of Israel". But it is "a portent of things to come", says Ibish. What about the human rights agenda? Another challenge for the Biden administration is how to apply its message of a return to values-based foreign policy to the realities on the ground in Israel, Gaza and the West Bank. In recent statements, Mr Blinken has repeated that Palestinians and Israelis "deserve equal measures of freedom, dignity, security and prosperity". Khaled El Gindy of the Brookings Institute calls the formula "new and significant", but also vague and puzzling: "Does it apply to the here and now?" he wonders. "Or is it aspirational in a final status arrangement? It hasn't been operationalised, so we don't know where it fits in. I think they don't know." The left-wing of the Democratic Party has become increasingly vocal about criticizing what it sees as the glaring asymmetry in the exercise of all four values. It is not clear what sort of political impact this will have: the lawmakers challenging the Democrats' traditional pro-Israel stance may not be inclined to a showdown with Biden because he has championed key causes that they cherish on the economy and climate. But they are pushing to apply universal standards of human rights and international law to the treatment of Palestinians. They are calling for the administration to use the $3.8bn in annual Israeli military aid as leverage to that end. And in speeches on the House floor on Thursday, some framed it as a racial justice issue. Ayanna Pressley, from Massachusetts, who is black, said she was "no stranger to police brutality and state-sanctioned violence". What the Biden administration would like, says Kurtzer, is "to see the current round of Israel-Hamas fighting coming to an end, the situation in Jerusalem devolving into whatever you consider to be normal and then they can go back and focus on other things". But the chant "No justice - No peace" one of the rallying cries at anti-racist protests in the US, rang out at a Palestinian demonstration held in front of the State Department this week. Depending on the "new normal", this may serve to be a persistent way of keeping the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on the Biden agenda.

গাযায় হামাসকে লক্ষ্য করে ইসরায়েলের বিমান হামলার কারণে মধ্য প্রাচ্য ইস্যুকে জো বাইডেন তার কার্যসূচিতে অন্তত অন্তর্ভুক্ত করতে বাধ্য হচ্ছেন। কিন্তু তিনি মানবাধিকারের বিষয়কে যেভাবে প্রাধান্য দিয়ে থাকেন, সেটা ফিলিস্তিনিদের ক্ষেত্রে তিনি কতটা প্রয়োগ করতে উদ্যোগী হবেন - তা নিয়ে নতুন করে প্রশ্ন উঠেছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Sean CoughlanBBC News family and education correspondent The university says this is one of the the biggest rising threats to global health, already causing 1.5 million deaths per year worldwide. The institute will be funded by £100m donated by the Ineos chemical company. Vice chancellor Louise Richardson said the Covid pandemic had shown the "high cost of ignoring something that is likely to head our way". 'Growing menace' There will be 50 researchers working in the new Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance, addressing the "over-use and mis-use" of antibiotics, which the university warned could cause 10 million excess deaths per year by 2050. Routine operations and "taken-for-granted treatments" would become much riskier without effective antibiotics, said the university. "The growing menace of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the most under-reported issues of our time," says David Sweetnam, a surgeon advising the new institute. "We now have a very narrow window of opportunity in which to change course and prevent the unthinkable from becoming the inevitable," he said. Prof Richardson said the growth of resistance to antibiotics made it "absolutely imperative that we act" "It may seem very costly to do all this research now but it's nothing on the cost of failure to act," she said. The vice chancellor said Oxford's success in developing a Covid vaccine had created a much more positive public perception of university research and the value of experts. 'Cannot get enough of experts' "We were able to adapt so quickly and produce a vaccine in less than a year because we had spent 20 years working on it, doing blue skies research," said Prof Richardson. There had been debates about universities not providing value for money and too many people going into higher education, but Prof Richardson suggested the public mood had changed. "The British public cannot get enough of experts at the moment," she said. The high-profile development of a Covid vaccine had shown the value of university research, said Prof Richardson - "critical not just to health, but to the economy, to the preservation of culture and to generation of new ideas". "It's so much in the national interest that we have good universities," she said. Sir Jim Ratcliffe, billionaire chairman of Ineos, said the partnership with Oxford aimed to "accelerate progress in tackling this urgent global challenge".

ব্রিটেনের অক্সফোর্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় অ্যান্টিবায়োটিকের রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা কমে যাবার বিষয়টি নিয়ে কাজ করার জন্য একটি নতুন গবেষণা কেন্দ্র খুলেছে। নতুন এই গবেষণা সম্পর্কে জানাচ্ছেন বিবিসির সংবাদদাতা শন কফলান।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Mr Ambani, 54, has amassed a $22.3bn fortune and is ranked 19th in the the global rich list, the magazine said. He is the chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. Of the 1,226 billionaires in this year's Forbes list, 48 are from India. There are also nine billionaires of Indian origin living in countries like the US, UK, Indonesia, Ireland and Thailand. "Mukesh Ambani is the world's richest Indian, despite losing $4.7bn in the past year," Forbes said. Two years ago Mr Ambani built a 27-storey residence, believed to be the world's most expensive home, in the western city of Mumbai. Reports suggest the house is worth more than $1bn (£630m). Indian steel boss Lakshmi Mittal, in 21st place, was one of the biggest fallers on the list this year, dropping out of the top 10. His wealth is now estimated at $20.7bn, down by $10.4bn as a result of higher costs and lower steel demand in Europe. Mexican tycoon Carlos Slim has topped the list for three years in succession. The magazine estimates that Mr Slim, whose business interests range from telecommunications to construction, is worth $69bn (£44bn).

আন্তর্জাতিক ব্যবসা সাময়িকী 'ফোর্বস' এবছর সিঙ্গাপুরের শীর্ষ ধনীদের যে তালিকা প্রকাশ করেছে, তাতে ৩৪ নম্বরে আছেন বাংলাদেশের সামিট গ্রুপের চেয়ারম্যান মুহাম্মদ আজিজ খান। ফোর্বসের হিসেবে তার ব্যবসা প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলোর মোট সম্পদের পরিমাণ ৯১০ মিলিয়ন ডলার। মিস্টার খান সেই অর্থে বাংলাদেশের প্রথম ডলার বিলিওনিয়ার, অর্থাৎ ডলারের হিসেবে তিনিই বাংলাদেশের প্রথম 'শত কোটিপতি'। কিভাবে আজিজ খান এই অবস্থানে পৌঁছালেন? তার প্রতিষ্ঠানে মূল ব্যবসা-বাণিজ্যই বা কী? তার সঙ্গে কথা বলেছেন বিবিসি বাংলার মোয়াজ্জেম হোসেন:

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

She was speaking at a special party conference to elect her successor. She plans to stay Chancellor till 2021. Her preferred choice, Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, is in a run-off with millionaire lawyer Friedrich Merz. The former chief minister of Saarland received 450 votes to Mr Merz's 392 in a first round of votes on Friday. A third candidate, health minister Jens Spahn, received only 157 of the 999 votes cast in CDU's party conference in Hamburg. Counting from a second round of voting is now under way. Ms Merkel plans to serve out her full term as chancellor. Ms Merkel's speech was punctuated by applause and she got a standing ovation of more than six minutes at the end. CDU delegates at the congress in Hamburg also held up signs saying "Thanks boss". Then the conservative party paid tribute to Ms Merkel, 64, with a video showing highlights from her 18-year CDU leadership. The soundtrack was the 1960s hit Days, by The Kinks. Ms Merkel was first elected chancellor in 2005 and is not seeking a fifth term beyond 2021. In her speech she warned of tough challenges ahead, including climate change, maintaining European unity and coping with Brexit. She reminded the CDU of other electoral successes last year, avoiding mention of this year's setbacks in state elections, which were heavy blows for her. "I don't need to be party chairman to remain bound to this party. And I'm still chancellor," she said. She stressed that the CDU stood for human dignity, and praised the late US President George Bush Senior and late German Chancellor Helmut Kohl for reuniting Germany in 1990. She was at the funeral of George HW Bush on Wednesday. Speaking of the end of the Cold War, she told the CDU that "at that decisive time he [Mr Bush] trusted Chancellor Kohl... he understood how politics must serve everyone". She expressed "overwhelming gratitude" for having had the role of CDU leader. "The future will test our values... we must always approach work joyfully," she said. Who wants Merkel's job? Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer - known as AKK, the Merkel choice The 56-year-old former prime minister of the state of Saarland was appointed CDU general secretary earlier this year and is the party favourite, polls suggest. Popular in Saarland and Berlin, she has an unpretentious style and a reputation for calm analysis, as well as political acumen. Her greatest strength is also her greatest weakness; she is a Merkel loyalist, perceived as someone who will replicate much of the chancellor's style and policy. The millionaire businessman was a powerful player in the CDU in the early 2000s but left politics when he fell out with the chancellor. Since then the 63-year-old lawyer - who has strong links to America - has built a career in the private sector and works for US investment firm Blackrock. He appeals to the more conservative and business-minded wing of the party and has the official backing of ex-Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble. The health minister is ambitious and, aged 38, the youngest of the three candidates. A former banker, he was once described by Mr Schäuble as "one of the great hopes for the future of our party". But Mr Spahn has ruffled feathers in the party and in the cabinet. Sharply conservative, Catholic and gay, he is a divisive figure for many.

জার্মানির ক্ষমতাসীন দল ক্রিশ্চিয়ান ডেমোক্রাট দলের প্রধানের পদ থেকে সরে দাঁড়িয়েছেন দেশটির চ্যান্সেলর এঙ্গেলা মের্কেল।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

When Payal met Kanchan, back in 2017, she had no idea she would fall in love with her fellow trainee. In 2018, India’s Supreme Court ruled that gay sex was no longer a criminal offence, overturning a previous judgement that upheld a colonial-era law. But age-old customs and regressive attitudes survived, making it difficult for same-sex relationships to be accepted by larger society. The women, both now 24, have been living together as a couple since 2018 in the western Indian state of Gujarat, and they know first hand what the discrimination feels like. Their love story was thrust into the limelight last month when they approached the high court. “Our families are against our relationship. They are threatening us,” Payal said, adding that the two filed an application before the court, asking for police protection. The court ruled that the couple should be protected by armed guards. So-called honour killings - when someone is murdered by a family member due to the belief that they have brought shame upon the community - are not uncommon in India and other South Asian countries. One study found that hundreds of people are killed each year in India for falling in love or marrying against their families' wishes. Payal and Kanchan grew up in two remote villages in Gujarat, where a conservative and patriarchal culture reigned supreme. Both said they wanted to break barriers and felt inspired to enter a field dominated by men. They settled on policing. In 2017, when they first met, they said others in the force were reluctant to speak to them since they came from rural parts of the state whereas the rest were from bigger towns and cities. Instantly, they felt alienated from their peers. The two women were assigned the same room during police training. They fell into a comfortable routine - in the evenings, exhausted from exercise, they would meet to catch up and discuss their day. Soon, their chats stretched to include their lives and families, and the two became best friends. “If Kanchan washed my clothes, I cooked food for her. With time, our friendship grew stronger and we exchanged phone numbers to keep in touch after training finished,” Payal said. Coincidentally, the two were then posted to the same city and they decided to live in police accommodation, sharing a room. “If Payal had night duty, I handled all the work at home and if I had to work at night, Payal managed all the housework," Kanchan said. “We were happy with our work and as time passed, our lives started to revolve around each other.” It was around this point in their friendship that the two fell in love. “On 31 December 2017, we hugged each other on New Year’s Eve just before the clock struck midnight. It was maybe the first time we had hugged each other - and we felt completely different,” Kanchan said. Soon, the families of the two women began asking them to get married - Kanchan’s family had already lined up suitable matches for her - but they managed to stave off the pressure. It was at the end of last year when their colleagues living in the police quarters found out about their relationship that the couple decided to tell their own families. “They were in shock,” Payal said. The women claim that their families started following them and keeping a constant check on their movements. And then, earlier this year, things got really ugly. “One day, my family followed us when we were on duty. They stopped our vehicle in the middle of the road and threatened us,” Payal alleged. “They also came by the police quarters once and created a scene there, calling us names and using abusive language. “A few days after this incident, I received an anonymous death threat. That’s when we decided to approach the court for protection,” she said. The couple are happy that the court has ruled in their favour and granted them protection - it’s given them some time to think of the future. “Once the coronavirus pandemic ends, we want to go to southern India on a sort of honeymoon,” Kanchan said. The couple also want to adopt a child in the future. While homosexuality is no longer illegal, there is no law in India that facilitates same-sex couples to get married - or spells out their rights, including that of adoption. But the women are hopeful. “We’re only 24 now but we want to start saving money and adopt a child, raising them well with access to good education,” Payal said. Illustrations by Nikita Deshpande The names of the two policewomen were changed to protect their identities.

পায়াল ও কাঞ্চন ভারতীয় দুই নারী। তারা দুজনেই পুলিশের চাকরিতে যোগ দেওয়ার আগে প্রশিক্ষণ নিতে গিয়েছিলেন। এসময় তারা প্রেমের সম্পর্কে জড়িয়ে পড়েন এবং তাদের এই সম্পর্ক নানা রকমের বাধা বিপত্তির সম্মুখীন হয়। নিজেদের পরিবারের কাছ থেকেও নানা ধরনের হুমকির মুখে পড়েন। এর পর নিজেদের নিরাপত্তা চেয়ে তারা দ্বারস্থ হন আদালতের। বিবিসির গুজরাটি বিভাগের ভারগাভ পারিখ তাদের সেই অভিজ্ঞতার কথা তুলে ধরেছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The ruling clears the way for the execution of Russell Bucklew, who asked for gas rather than lethal injection, citing an unusual medical condition. Bucklew, 50, argued the state's preferred method amounts to legally banned "cruel and unusual punishment". The 5-4 ruling split along the court's ideological lines. Bucklew was sentenced to death in 1996 for rape, murder and kidnapping in an attack against his ex-girlfriend and her new partner and six-year-old son. In recent court filings, Bucklew argued that his congenital condition, cavernous hemangioma, might cause him excessive pain if he is put to death by lethal injection. The condition causes blood-filled tumours in his throat, neck and face, which he said could rupture during his execution causing him extreme pain and suffocation. According to Bucklew, he would feel excessive pain if the state executioner is allowed to use the state's preferred method of a single drug, pentobarbital, applied by needle. But the Supreme Court's conservative justices said on Monday they considered the legal effort to be a stalling tactic. They said it was up to the prisoner to prove that another method of execution would "reduce a substantial risk of severe pain", but he had not done so. Writing for the majority, Justice Neil Gorsuch noted that Bucklew had been on death row for more than 20 years. "The eighth amendment [to the US constitution] forbids 'cruel and unusual' methods of capital punishment but does not guarantee a prisoner a painless death," wrote Justice Gorsuch, who was appointed by President Donald Trump in 2017. He continued: "As originally understood, the eighth amendment tolerated methods of execution, like hanging, that involved a significant risk of pain, while forbidding as cruel only those methods that intensified the death sentence by 'superadding' terror, pain or disgrace." Liberals on the court, including Justice Stephen Breyer, argued that Bucklew's condition should have allowed for him to be put to death by nitrogen gas, a method allowed in three states. "There are higher values than ensuring that executions run on time," wrote Justice Sonia Sotomayor in a separate opinion, adding that secrecy in the death penalty process has recently yielded different results in two similar cases. In one case in Alabama, a Muslim man was forbidden from having an imam with him during his execution, but the court halted a similar sentence after an appeal by a Buddhist who wanted his spiritual adviser present when he was put to death. In Justice Gorsuch's majority opinion in the Bucklew case, he referred to those two cases, saying the inmate in Alabama had been given ample time to voice his complaint, but chose to do so only 15 days before he was scheduled to die.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সুপ্রিম কোর্ট বলেছে হত্যার দায়ে মৃত্যুদণ্ডপ্রাপ্ত অপরাধীর ব্যথাহীন মৃত্যুর অধিকার নেই। মিজৌরী অঙ্গরাজ্যে একজন মৃত্যুদণ্ডপ্রাপ্ত অপরাধীর করা মামলায় দেশটির সর্বোচ্চ আদালত এমন রায় দিয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

If you're worried an intimate photo of you could be shared by someone else, the idea is to get it blocked before it appears online. Similar technology is used to try to stop the spread of child abuse images. Facebook's been testing the system in Australia and is extending the trial to the UK, the USA and Canada. A spokesman told Newsbeat the idea is open to people in the UK now. Revenge Porn: What to do if you're a victim Facebook hasn't revealed any details about how the trial in Australia went - but obviously, the idea requires a huge leap of faith. Would you send sexually explicit photos of yourself to Facebook? Could you be certain the image would be handled sensitively - and crucially, not shared? How it works If there's an image you're worried about, Facebook says you should contact its partner for the trial. In the UK, it's the Revenge Porn Helpline. Staff there will then get in touch with Facebook and you'll get sent a link to upload the photo. Who will see my naked photo? Facebook's Global Head of Safety Antigone Davis told Newsbeat that photos will only be seen by "a very small group of about five specially trained reviewers". They'll give the photo a unique digital fingerprint - something called hashing. That code will then be stored on a database. If anyone else tries to upload the same photo, the code will be recognised and it'll be blocked before it appears on Facebook, Instagram and Messenger. The original photos will not be stored. Will the idea definitely work? Antigone Davis admits there's "no 100% guarantee when it comes to photo-matching technologies". That's because it's possible to manipulate images so they're different to the original. But she says they are getting better at it. This whole system only works if you actually have the image you're worried about. If, for example, your ex took a load of photos on their phone and you don't have them, this idea doesn't help. The UK's Revenge Porn Helpline has seen huge year-on-year increases in reported incidents since it was launched in 2015. The hotline received just over 500 reports in 2015 and more than 1,000 in 2017. Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 every weekday on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - if you miss us you can listen back here.

সামাজিক যোগাযোগ মাধ্যম ফেসবুক ব্রিটিশ ইউজারদের কাছে তাদের ব্যক্তিগত গোপনীয় ছবি পাঠানোর আহ্বান জানিয়েছে। এর মাধ্যমে প্রতিশোধমূলক ভাবে একজন আরেকজনের নগ্ন ছবি পোস্ট করার ঘটনা রুখে দিতেই এই উদ্যোগ।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Iran's 12 vice-presidents run organisations linked to the presidency. There has been only one female cabinet member since Iran's Islamic Revolution in 1979. The cabinet, which must be approved by parliament, also lacks Sunni members. Sunnis are 10% of Shia-majority Iran. Masumeh Ebtekar has been named vice-president for family and women's affairs, Laya Joneydi is vice-president for legal affairs and Shahindokht Mowlaverdi is the president's assistant for civil rights. Ms Mowlaverdi had said the all-male cabinet showed that Iran was "treading water". Both she and Ms Ebtekar were vice-presidents in Mr Rouhani's previous government. Reformists believe the lack of diversity in the new cabinet is a sign that Mr Rouhani is bowing to pressure from Iran's religious establishment. Lawmakers are not expected to challenge the chosen cabinet, as key roles are filled with the approval of the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Mr Rouhani beat hardliner Ebrahim Raisi to the presidency in May after vowing to improve Iran's civil liberties and rebuild ties with the West. At a conference in February titled "Women, Moderation and Development", he called for a greater female presence in politics and culture. The only woman to hold a cabinet position in Iran since 1979 was former health minister Marzieh Dastjerdi, who served from 2009-13 under Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - Mr Roujhani's hardline predecessor.

ইরানের প্রেসিডেন্ট হাসান রোহানি তার মন্ত্রিসভায় কোন নারী সদস্য না রাখায় সমালোচনার মুখে পড়ে দুজন মহিলাকে ভাইস প্রেসিডেন্ট এবং একজন মহিলাকে নাগরিক অধিকার বিষয়ক সহকারী নিয়োগ করেছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Indian Minister of State for Home Affairs G Kishan Reddy recently claimed that Bangladesh would be half empty if India allowed everyone who entered the country illegally to claim citizenship. But the government in Bangladesh has asked why anyone would want to go to India when Bangladesh is better off economically than its neighbour. We can't calculate the future consequences for migration of a change in India's citizenship laws. But we can take a look how many Bangladeshis have been entering India illegally, and how the two countries compare economically. How many Bangladeshis are in India illegally? There have been major disagreements over the exact numbers of Bangladeshis who've entered India illegally. In 2004, then Indian Minister of State for Home Affairs, Sriprakash Jaiswal, told parliament that there were 12 million illegal Bangladeshis in India. But he later retracted his comments, after coming under fire from state governments in West Bengal and Assam, where he said most of the illegal migrants were to be found. In 2016, Kiren Rijiju, the then Minister of State for Home Affairs, told India's parliament: "According to available information, there are about 20 million illegal immigrants from Bangladesh in India." However, he did not give a source for this, and since then the government has conceded that it does not have accurate data regarding the numbers of illegal immigrants in India. Data for Indian citizenship from 2015-2019 doesn't really shed much light on this. Just over 15,000 Bangladeshis were granted Indian citizenship in that period. But nearly all of this is made of up 14,880 Bangladeshis being made citizens in 2015 after finding themselves living in Indian territory when the two countries agreed a land swap along the border. With no real data available for the numbers, politicians in India still insist that illegal immigrants from Bangladesh are taking away their jobs. "They are eating the grain that should go to the poor," Home Minister Amit Shah said on one occasion. How has Bangladesh's economy fared? It's fared better than India recently if you go by GDP - a measure of goods and services in the economy. The past decade has seen a steady growth in Bangladesh's economy. According to an Asian Development Bank report released in September last year, Bangladesh has surpassed India as the fastest-growing South Asian economy. Bangladesh's estimated growth rate was 8% as opposed to India's 5.3% in 2019. Its growth performance has led to it shedding its 'least developed country' tag. However, there are also some worrying signs for the Bangladeshi economy. Inflation data for 2018 shows Bangladesh had the highest rate across South Asia that year at 5.8% while India had a rate of 3.4%. And the estimated unemployment rate in Bangladesh in 2018 was higher than in India, although Bangladesh had a smaller proportion of those in work living on less than $1.9 a day - an internationally-used benchmark for poverty. How do the two countries compare on other measures? Bangladesh has made a significant improvement in its social development indicators. It performs better than India in infant mortality rates and life expectancy at birth. A newborn child in Bangladesh is more likely to see her fifth birthday than her Indian or Pakistani counterpart. She is also likely to live longer in Bangladesh (72.5 years) than India (68.6 years) or Pakistan (66.5 years) as of 2017. The Global Gender Gap Index 2020 released in December last year showed that India has slipped from 108th position to 112th, ranking well below Bangladesh which was 50th. Moreover, Bangladesh fared better in terms of women's representation in parliament at 22%, compared with India at 13%.

ভারত নাগরিকত্বের অধিকার সীমিত করতে যে পদক্ষেপ নিয়েছে তা নিয়ে বিতর্ক অব্যাহত রয়েছে। বিতর্ক তৈরি হয়েছে ভারত ও বাংলাদেশের মধ্যে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Sherie RyderBBC News The picture which sparked debate was originally posted on a private Norwegian anti-immigration group's Facebook page, but has since been shared elsewhere. Johan Slattavik posted the image on Fedrelandet viktigst which translates as "Fatherland First" with the comment "What do people think of this?" The response from within the group included a range of sarcastic posts: "I also mistook the chairs for women in burqas. Dangerous game for women in their burqas to stand still for a few seconds. They might end up in garbage/bin vans," said one poster. "I thought to myself... Well those are three great kids you've got there... That's when hell broke lose," commented another. While a third lamented: "Poor women. They are slaves." Mr Slattavik, has not responded to the BBC's request for an interview, but has told the Washington Post he posted the image as he was bored and wanted to see how people would react to the photo. The image gained even more attention after it was shared by Sindre Beyer. Mr Beyer, who works for an advertising agency, spotted the photo after gaining access to the closed group: "I went under cover for a few months and managed to join the Facebook group - it was very easy. "When I saw this photo I saw it as an opportunity to expose this type of content and reaction," Mr Beyer told the BBC. "At first I think Mr Slattavik posted the photo as a joke, but after it became public, the group was unhappy that they were being ridiculed on social media for mistaking empty bus seats for women wearing burqas." You might also like: Mr Slattavik even commented on Mr Beyer's post, saying he never thought his joke "would take off" and claimed it showed the difference between "legitimate immigration criticism and blind racism". Speaking about having an insider's view of the group, Mr Beyer said: "It was kind of disturbing. They also feature a lot of fake news stories." As the story spread outside of the group, many took to Twitter to share their views. In Germany, one person noted: "The far-right see a threat to the nation in bus seats," and in Italy another saw the irony: "Invasion of women in burqas but they are only bus seats". Some even tried to lighten the mood. In Canada, a haiku reads: "Bloom of a bombshell: Burqas on the busy bus? Bungled brouhaha". While in Australia, a "Howdy to the bus seats" came from @HowdytotheHijab. However, not everyone in the closed group made the mistake and were cynical about why the photo had been posted: "I think it was Sindre Beyer. He should have been thrown out of the group. Sharing with newspapers is reason enough," said one. While another said: "Ugly and empty seats." Written by the UGC and Social News team

নরওয়ের একটি বাসের ছবি নিয়ে বিশ্বব্যাপী তোলপাড় উঠেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

More than 1,000 rockets have been fired by Palestinian militants, Israel says. Israel has carried out hundreds of air strikes on Gaza, destroying three tower blocks and killing senior Hamas officials. Since Monday at least 65 Palestinians and six people in Israel have died. That includes 16 Palestinian children caught up in the conflict. UN Secretary General António Guterres said he was "gravely concerned" by the ongoing violence. In a phone call to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken condemned Hamas rocket attacks but said Israel had an obligation to avoid civilian casualties. He said he had sent Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Hady Amr to meet both sides. The fighting erupted on Monday night after weeks of rising Israeli-Palestinian tension in East Jerusalem which culminated in clashes at a holy site revered by Muslims and Jews. Violent unrest in towns in Israel with mixed Jewish and Arab populations has led to hundreds of arrests. Lod near Tel Aviv is under a state of emergency. Mr Netanyahu said the government would use all its strength to protect Israel from enemies on the outside and rioters on the inside. But the Palestinian Authority condemned Israel's "military aggression" in a tweet, saying it was "traumatizing an already beleaguered population of 2 million people". What is happening in Gaza? Militants in Gaza began firing rockets into Israel on Monday night, and Israel responded by hitting targets in the territory. On Wednesday Israel said it had killed senior officials of the Hamas group in Gaza, and was also targeting missile launching sites. "This was only the beginning. We will inflict blows on them that they have never dreamed of," said the Israeli prime minister. Hamas - which runs Gaza - confirmed the death of its commander in Gaza City and other "warriors". "Thousands of leaders and soldiers will follow in their footsteps," Hamas said in a statement reported by Reuters news agency. But the Russian foreign ministry in a statement quoted a Hamas spokesman as saying the movement was ready for a ceasefire if Israel stopped "violent acts" in East Jerusalem and "illegal measures in respect of its native Arab residents". The Hamas-run health ministry in Gaza says that more than 360 people have been injured there since the conflict began, as well as the 65 who have died. The Israel Defence Forces (IDF) said on Wednesday that their strikes on Gaza were the largest since the conflict in 2014. On Wednesday a third high-rise building in Gaza was destroyed. Hamas said it was incensed by "the enemy's targeting of residential towers". Residents had been warned to evacuate the buildings before fighter jets attacked; however health officials said there were still civilian deaths. Five members of one family were killed in an air strike on Tuesday, including two young brothers, according to AFP news agency. An 11-year-old resident of Gaza, Yasmine, told Save the Children Tuesday had been the worst night of her life. "I had pain in my stomach from the fear and my parents were trying to comfort me and tell me the bombing was far away but I could feel that it was close," she told the charity. "Tomorrow is Eid and we won't be celebrating because of this conflict." What is happening in Israel? Millions of Israelis were heading to bomb shelters on Wednesday evening, according to the IDF, as sirens warning of rockets sounded across the country. On Wednesday morning an Israeli soldier was killed by an anti-tank missile fired from Gaza into Israel, authorities said. There were conflicting reports on the fate of a six-year-old boy hit in a rocket attack on the town of Sderot, with some saying he had died in the attack. Two people, a man and his teenage daughter, were killed in Lod when a rocket hit their car. They were both Israeli Arabs. Israeli police reported what they called violent riots in dozens of areas of the country overnight, with 270 people arrested. Synagogues and businesses in Lod were set on fire. Mr Netanyahu described the riots as "unbearable" and said they reminded the Jewish people of their past. Israeli police said that Lod would be placed under curfew from 20:00 local time on Wednesday until 04:00 on Thursday to preserve the safety and property of residents. What has caused the violence? The fighting between Israel and Hamas was triggered by days of escalating clashes between Palestinians and Israeli police at a holy hilltop compound in East Jerusalem. The site is revered by both Muslims, who call it the Haram al-Sharif (Noble Sanctuary), and Jews, for whom it is known as the Temple Mount. Hamas demanded Israel remove police from there and the nearby predominantly Arab district of Sheikh Jarrah, where Palestinian families face eviction by Jewish settlers. Hamas launched rockets when its ultimatum went unheeded. Palestinian anger had already been stoked by weeks of rising tension in East Jerusalem, inflamed by a series of confrontations with police since the start of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan in mid-April. It was further fuelled by the threatened eviction of Palestinian families from their homes in East Jerusalem by Jewish settlers and Israel's annual celebration of its capture of East Jerusalem in the 1967 Middle East war, known as Jerusalem Day. The fate of the city, with its deep religious and national significance to both sides, lies at the heart of the decades-old Israel-Palestinian conflict. Israel in effect annexed East Jerusalem in 1980 and considers the entire city its capital, though this is not recognised by the vast majority of other countries. Palestinians claim the eastern half of Jerusalem as the capital of a hoped-for state of their own. Are you in Israel or Gaza and affected by these events? Please share your story by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also get in touch in the following ways: Your contact info I am over 16 years old I accept the Terms of Service In some cases a selection of your comments and questions will be published, displaying your name and location as you provide it unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. At no time should you endanger yourself or others, take any unnecessary risks or infringe any laws. The BBC retains the right to select from these contributions based on editorial requirements and subject to online terms and conditions and BBC editorial guidelines. For more information about how the BBC handles your personal data, see here. If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question or comment or you can email us at [email protected]. Please include your name, age and location with any submission.

গাযা ভূখন্ডে ফিলিস্তিনি এবং ইসরায়েলি সেনা বাহিনীর মধ্যে হামলা পাল্টা হামলা তীব্র আকার নিয়েছে। জাতিসংঘ আশঙ্কা করছে পরিস্থিতি "একটা পূর্ণাঙ্গ মাত্রার" যুদ্ধের দিকে যাচ্ছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Shivaani KohokInnovators, BBC World Service A group of 10 volunteers are gathering; putting into place a plan to solve a water crisis in Ladakh, the northern most region of India, in the high Himalayas. They are building manmade ice structures, more than 30m tall, that they hope will melt early in the spring and give villagers and their farms the water they need. The ice structures are the brainchild of engineer Sonam Wangchuk. Born in Ladakh, he has worked for several years to find innovative solutions to everyday problems facing the local communities. "We tend to get the solutions created in New York or New Delhi, but they don't work for us here in the mountains. I believe mountain people have to find solutions for themselves," he says. Villagers in Ladakh face harsh living conditions. Road blockages in the winter months mean they are cut off from the rest of the country for most of winter. Mr Wangchuk says the effects of climate change are adding to the problem. He says there are signs that global warming is damaging the delicate climatic water balance in the Hindu Kush Himalayan range. "We can see that the glaciers are receding, to higher altitudes. There is less water in spring, but in the summer months we have experienced dangerous flooding. The water flow in the valley has become erratic," he explains. Mr Wangchuk was inspired by a fellow engineer working in the region, Chewang Norphel. Mr Norphel had created flat artificial glaciers at heights of 4,000m (13,123ft) and above. But the villagers were reluctant to climb up to those levels. Mr Wangchuk says he was crossing a bridge when the idea for his ice structures crystallised. "I saw that there was ice under the bridge, which at 3,000m (9,842ft) was the warmest and lowest altitude in the whole area," he recalls. "And this was in May. So I thought - direct sunlight makes the ice melt, but if we protect it from the sun, we can store ice right here." Ladakh And so, in 2013, he and his students from the Secmol Alternative School began to create prototypes of the ice structures near the village of Phyang. They call the structures "stupas" because they bear resemblance to Tibetan religious stupas - elegant hemispherical or conical structures with pointed tops that contain relics, such as the remains of Buddhist monks. The technology behind the ice structures is simple. Pipes are initially buried under the ground, below the frost line, before the final section of the pipe then rises vertically. Due to the difference in height, temperature, and the gravitational force, pressure builds up in the pipe. The stream water eventually flows up and out from the pipe's raised tip like a fountain. The sub-zero air freezes the water to gradually form a pyramid like structure. "We are freezing water that goes unused in winter and, because of the geometric shape it doesn't melt till late spring," says Mr Wangchuk. In late spring the artificial glacier starts to melt and water can be used for drip-irrigation of crops. The BBC's Innovators series reveals innovative solutions to major challenges across South Asia. Ever heard of the concept of "jugaad"? It's a Hindi term meaning cheap innovation. If you have created a life hack or innovation that you are proud of, or spotted one while out and about on your travels, then share your picture with us by emailing [email protected], use the hashtags #Jugaad and #BBCInnovators and share your picture with @BBCWorldService, or upload your submission here. Learn more about BBC Innovators. As the ice structures look like the familiar religious stupas, Mr Wangchuk believes that this leads to a better sense of ownership amongst the locals. After some initial success with one ice structures in 2014 the nearby Phyang Monastery got involved. The Buddhist monks asked the team to build 20 ice stupas. A successful crowd funding campaign raised $125,200 (£96,500). This money funded a 2.3km (1.43 mile) pipeline which brought water down to Phyang. Mr Wangchuk claims this pipeline can support at least 50 ice stupas. Mr Wangchuk is also now helping to build ice stupas near the winter sports resort town of St Moritz in Switzerland. After an initial prototype is built and tested, the Swiss want to expand the project to counter the phenomenon of fast-melting glaciers in the upper reaches of the Swiss mountains. "In exchange for the ice stupa technology, the Swiss will share their expertise and experience in sustainable tourism development with the people of Phyang, to revive the dying economy of the village," says Mr Wangchuk. But he feels positive about the future. "We want to train enthusiastic youth through our university, and eventually we are hoping to create a whole generation of ice or glacier entrepreneurs.''

এগার হাজার মিটার বা ৩৫০০ ফুট উচ্চতায় বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে শীতল স্থানে তখন মধ্যরাত। শীতের মাঝামাঝি সময়ে এখানে তাপমাত্রা হিমাঙ্কের প্রায় ৩০ ডিগ্রি নিচে নেমে আসে। পারদের সূচক থাকে -৩০ ডিগ্রি সেলসিয়াস (বা -২২ ডিগ্রি ফারেনহাইট)।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Mr Trump said the additional sanctions were in response to the shooting down of a US drone and "many other things". Ayatollah Khamenei, Iran's highest authority, was singled out because he was "ultimately responsible for the hostile conduct of the regime". Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif said the Americans "despise diplomacy". In a tweet sent after the announcement, Mr Zarif also accused the Trump administration of having a "thirst for war". Tensions between the two countries have been escalating in recent weeks. However, US Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin said Mr Trump's executive order - which would lock up "billions" of dollars in Iranian assets - was in the works before Tehran shot down an unmanned US drone in the Gulf last week. The UN Security Council has urged calm and the use of diplomacy. Who is affected? The US Treasury department said eight senior Iranian commanders who "sit atop a bureaucracy that supervises the IRGC's [the elite Islamic Revolution Guard Corps] malicious regional activities", were being targeted. It added that Mr Trump's executive order would also "deny Iran's leadership access to financial resources and authorises the targeting of persons appointed to certain official or other positions by the Supreme Leader or the Supreme Leader's Office", as well as foreign financial institutions which help them conduct transitions. Sanctions will also be imposed on Mr Zarif later this week, according to Mr Mnuchin. Tightening its squeeze Putting sanctions on the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei is significant. He is indeed the Supreme Leader, with the ultimate say in Iran's politics and military - and he has enormous economic power. He supervises an organisation known as Setad, which confiscated property abandoned after the 1979 revolution and morphed into a business juggernaut with holdings of about $95bn (£75bn). Setad was already under US sanctions, but President Trump has gone further, targeting anyone connected to the Ayatollah - presumably including those sitting on company boards, or officials in his extensive "shadow government". So the US administration is tightening the squeeze on already draconian oil and financial sanctions and waiting to see if Tehran will eventually be forced to capitulate and accept negotiations. The US is demanding that Iran end its nuclear programme, curb its missile production and stop support for partner Arab militias. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo has said the "maximum pressure" campaign is denying Iran revenue to support its regional military operations. That might be the more important goal for hawks such as Mr Pompeo, who has said he doesn't believe the Iranian regime can change in the way the US administration is demanding. Why is the US imposing sanctions now? Back in May 2018, the White House reinstated all sanctions removed under a 2015 nuclear deal made with world powers which sought to prevent Iran creating its own nuclear weapon. Relations between the two nations continued to sour, and in May - a year after Mr Trump abandoned the nuclear deal - the US stepped up pressure on Iran by ending exemptions from secondary sanctions for countries still buying Iranian oil. This was followed by a series of attacks on tankers in the Gulf, which the White House said Iran was behind. Tehran has denied all allegations. Iranian officials then announced the country was set to breach the limit on its stockpile of enriched uranium that was set under the 2015 deal on 27 June. Days later, the drone was shot down over what the US says was international waters, but Iran says was its territory. How have earlier US sanctions hit Iran? The sanctions - particularly those imposed on the energy, shipping and financial sectors - caused foreign investment to dry up and hit oil exports. They bar US companies from trading with Iran, but also with foreign firms or countries that are dealing with Iran. This has led to shortages of imported goods and products that are made with raw materials from abroad, most notably babies' nappies. The plunging value of the national currency, the rial, has also affected the cost of locally produced staples such as meat and eggs, which have soared in price. Iran has responded to the economic pressure by saying it planned to violate some of the nuclear deal's commitments. It has also accused European countries of failing to live up to their promises of protecting Iran's economy from US sanctions. What happened to the US drone? Iran's IRGC said the drone's downing was a "clear message" to the US that Iran's borders were "our red line". But US military officials maintain the drone was in international airspace over the Strait of Hormuz at the time. Jonathan Cohen, acting Permanent Representative of the US to the UN, said Iran's argument was based on the drone being in the country's flight information region, which is different to a country's airspace. Amir Ali Hajizadeh, a high-ranking officer in the IRGC, said another military aircraft, carrying 35 passengers, had been flying close to the drone. "We could have shot down that one too, but we did not," he said.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প ইরানের ওপর নতুন নিষেধাজ্ঞায় সাক্ষর করেছেন যার আওতায় দেশটির সর্বোচ্চ নেতা খামেনির কার্যালয়ও থাকবে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Holly HonderichBBC News, Washington Cecile Eledge carried the daughter of her son Matthew Eledge and his husband Elliot Dougherty to term, giving birth to baby Uma Louise last week. Mrs Eledge said she made the offer when her son and Mr Dougherty first said they wanted to start a family. "Of course, they all laughed," Mrs Eledge told the BBC. Mrs Eledge, who was 59 at the time, said her suggestion remained a sort of joke among family at first, not a realistic path forward. "It just seemed like a really beautiful sentiment on her part," Mr Dougherty said. "She's such a selfless woman." But when Mr Eledge and Mr Dougherty, who live in Omaha close to Mrs Eledge and her husband, began exploring options to have a baby they were told by a fertility doctor that it could be a viable option. Mrs Eledge was brought in for an interview and a series of tests, all of which gave a green light to the surrogacy. "I'm very health conscious," she said. "There was no reason whatsoever to doubt that I could carry the baby." With Mr Eledge providing the sperm, Mr Dougherty's sister Lea served as the egg donor. Mr Dougherty, who works as a hairdresser, said that while straight couples may consider IVF the last resort, for them it was their "only hope" for a biological child. "We always knew we had to be unique and think outside the box with this," Mr Eledge, a public school teacher, added. Mrs Eledge said the pregnancy was smooth throughout, the regular symptoms simply "elevated a little bit" compared to her previous pregnancies with her three children. In fact, the most obvious sign of her age came less than a week after Mrs Eledge was implanted with the embryo, when Mr Eledge and Mr Dougherty bought her a home pregnancy test to see if the transfer had been successful. "We were told not to, but the boys couldn't wait," Mrs Eledge said, laughing. She looked at the test and was devastated to see the results were negative. But when Mr Eledge came over later that day to comfort her, he saw something she hadn't: a second pink line on the test, confirming a pregnancy. "That was really a joyous moment," Mrs Eledge said, accompanied by jokes about her failing eyesight. "She can't see anything, but she'll be able to deliver," Mrs Eledge recalls Mr Eledge and Mr Dougherty saying. Mrs Eledge said the response to her pregnancy has been mostly positive, accompanied by a slight "shock factor," particularly for her two other children, Mr Eledge's siblings. "When everyone got the full picture it was nothing but support," she said. But the pregnancy exposed some persistent markers of discrimination against LGBT families in Nebraska. Though gay marriage has been legal in the state since the landmark Supreme Court decision in 2015, Nebraska has no state laws banning discrimination based on sexual orientation. Up until 2017, the state maintained a decades-old ban on gay and lesbian foster parents. Mrs Eledge said she fought, unsuccessfully, with her insurance company over health expenses that would have been covered if she was giving birth to her own child. And due to a law designating the person who delivers the baby as mother, Uma's birth certificate lists Mrs Eledge alongside her son, and excludes Mr Dougherty. "This is just one small, micro example of the things that create road blocks for us," Mr Eledge said. Mr Eledge made headlines four years ago when he was dismissed from his job at Skutt Catholic High School after he informed school administrators that he and Mr Dougherty planned to get married. Mr Eledge's treatment sparked outrage in his community, prompting parents and former and current students to create an online petition calling for an "end to employment discrimination against Mr Eledge and future faculty". The petition, now closed, garnered 102,995 supporters. Typically a private family, Mrs Eledge says they chose to share their story to counter these examples of "hate" towards LGBT individuals and families, and convey "that there's always hope out there". "I'm learning not to take it personally," said Mr Eledge of the negative responses to him and his family. "At the end of the day, we have a family, we have friends, we have a huge community that supports us." And week after Uma's birth, Mrs Eledge says that she and her granddaughter are doing well. "This little girl is surrounded by so much support, she's going to grow up in a loving family," Mrs Eledge said. "This was how it was meant to be."

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের নেব্রাস্কার ৬১ বছর বয়সী এক নারী তার গর্ভেই নিজের নাতনিকে জন্ম দিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Nuro, the company behind the design, makes autonomous delivery vans. The vehicle is Nuro's second generation of its vehicles, which it is calling R2 and will be tested in Houston, Texas. This is the first exemption to a rule requiring vehicles to have controls for human operators. Most of the rules for testing vehicles require features that allow a driver to safely take control of them. But in a statement, the US transport secretary Elaine Chao said given that the vehicle's top speed is capped at 25mph, these requirements "no longer make sense". The Department of Transportation (DoT) will also be enforcing greater oversight of the testing. It will require Nuro to report information about the operation of the R2 and reach out to the communities where the vehicle will be tested. In a blog post, Nuro's co-founder Dave Ferguson said the decision was a "milestone for the industry". "Moving forward, we must modernize the existing regulations that never envisioned a vehicle without a driver or occupants, and everyone in the industry must work to ensure self-driving technology is tested and deployed in the safest possible vehicles," he wrote. General Motors has also requested an exemption to test its self-driving Chevy Bolt. DoT has not yet announced its decision for the firm's request. The Bolt does however have a higher top speed than Nuro's R2 vehicle. New design Nuro's vehicles are designed to operate without a driver or passengers in them. In its R2 design, the company removed the side view mirrors and windscreens. It will also keep the rear view camera running at all times. This is not permitted without an exemption from the DoT, as the camera could distract human drivers. The vehicle has an egg-shaped frame that is smaller than most cars in the US. It also has two temperature-controlled compartments for deliveries. Doors raise up to reveal the items once a code has been entered by the recipient. The R2 uses radar, thermal imaging and 360-degree cameras to direct its movement. Nuro has announced the R2 will deliver pizza for Domino's Pizza, groceries from supermarket chain Kroger and goods for Walmart, during its Huston trial. During the testing of its initial R1 design, the firm made deliveries for Kroger in Scottsdale, Arizona. Nuro was founded by two former Google engineers and it has funding from Japanese firm Softbank.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে এই প্রথম একটি স্বয়ং-চালিত গাড়ি রাস্তায় পরীক্ষামূলকভাবে চালানোর অনুমতি দেয়া হয়েছে, যাতে কোন স্টিয়ারিং হুইল নেই, ব্রেক কষার পেডাল নেই। এমনকি কোন সাইডভিউ মিররও নেই।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Michelle RobertsHealth editor, BBC News online A team tested their idea in nine villages in the arid Bandiagara district of Mali, West Africa. Removing flowers from a common shrub appeared to kill off lots of the older, adult, female, biting insects that transmit malaria. Without enough nectar the "granny" mosquitoes starve, experts believe. Killing granny Getting rid of the mature females can stop the cycle of malaria transmission. These Anopheles mosquitoes carry the malaria parasite in their salivary glands and pass it on to people when they bite and draw blood. The infected person can then infect other younger, biting, female mosquitoes - which are looking for a rich blood meal as they become fertile and make eggs - because their blood now contains the parasite. It takes about 10 days for a newly infected young female mosquito to become contagious to humans. That may not sound long, but for an insect, it is. By the time she can transmit malaria, she's pretty old. Although she will feed on blood, she also relies on flower nectar for energy to stay alive. Shrubbery In the Bandiagara district of Mali, there is one invasive plant that researchers believe is a feeding ground for malaria-transmitting mosquitoes. The flowering Prosopis juliflora shrub is a bit of a horticultural thug and now occupies millions of hectares of the African continent. Native to Central and South America, it was introduced into Africa in the late 1970s in an attempt to reverse deforestation and "green up" the desert. Experts in Mali, along with researchers from the Hebrew University of Hadassah Medical School, Israel, and the University of Miami in the US, set up a horticultural experiment to see if removing the flowers from this plant might help kill off local mosquitoes. They picked nine villages - six with lots of the flowering shrub and three without. In three of the six villages, they hacked down the flowers. They set light traps around all the villages to catch mosquitoes so they could see if the "gardening" had helped cull the insects. Villages where they removed the flowers saw mosquito numbers collected in the traps fall - the total number of mosquitoes across these villages decreased by nearly 60% after removal of the flowers. Importantly, the number of old female mosquitoes dropped to similar levels recorded in the three villages without any of the shrubs. They don't have direct proof, but the researchers believe the mosquitoes died of starvation. The reported their findings in the journal Malaria Research. Prof Jo Lines is a malaria control expert from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He says the novel approach holds amazing potential, alongside other malaria prevention strategies. "It appears to show that by changing the landscape, not using insecticides or drugs, we can make a difference." But he said it might not work so well in lush tropical regions where nectar-rich plants are in abundance. Follow Michelle on Twitter

ম্যালেরিয়ার বিরুদ্ধে লড়াইয়ে বাগান হতে পারে সবচেয়ে শক্তিশালী অস্ত্র। গবেষকেরা বলছেন বাগানের মাধ্যমে মশার খাদ্য সরবরাহ কমিয়ে দিয়ে প্রাণীটির জনসংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি রোধ করা যায়।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

It has seen more fatalities than any other country, while its 1.69 million confirmed infections account for about 30% of the worldwide total. On Thursday, a day after the figure was reached, President Donald Trump tweeted calling it a "sad milestone". His initial silence had been noted by critics who pointed out that Mr Trump has often sought to downplay the toll. The president also expressed his "sympathy and love" for the families and friends of those who have died from Covid-19. The first US infection was reported in Washington state on 21 January. Globally there have been 5.6 million people recorded as infected and 354,983 deaths since the virus emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan late last year. The US death toll stands at 100,276, according to Johns Hopkins University in Maryland, which has been tracking the pandemic. It means that around as many Americans have died from Covid-19 as from the Korea, Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan wars combined. But on a per capita basis the US ranks ninth in its mortality rate behind the likes of Belgium, the UK, France and Italy, according to the university. The US death toll is still climbing, and health officials say the actual number is likely higher than the recorded count. What's the national picture? Twenty states reported a rise in new cases for the week ending on Sunday, according to a Reuters study. North Carolina, Wisconsin and Arkansas are among those seeing a steady rise in cases. The caseload remains stubbornly high in a number of metropolitan areas, including Chicago, Los Angeles and suburban Washington DC. Some hard-hit states are seeing a drop in death rates, including New York, where 21,000 residents have died. During the peak of the crisis in the city, the daily death toll was in the hundreds. Hospitals were overwhelmed and makeshift morgues were built outside health facilities. What has been the political response? President Trump has insisted that without his administration's actions the death toll would be 25 times higher, though critics have accused him of a slow response. State governors have also been blamed for failing to grasp early enough the lethal threat that the virus posed to nursing homes. Initially, the Republican president downplayed the pandemic, comparing it to the seasonal flu. Back in February he said the US had the virus "under control" and that by April it could "miraculously go away". He predicted 50,000-60,000 deaths, then 60,000-70,000 and then "substantially under 100,000". Mr Trump also argued this month it was "a badge of honour" that the US had the world's highest number of confirmed infections "because it means our testing is much better". A study from Columbia University in New York suggested about 36,000 fewer people would have died if the US had acted sooner. Joe Biden, Mr Trump's likely Democratic challenger in November's White House election, issued a message directly to grieving families on Wednesday. "To those hurting, I'm so sorry for your loss," the former vice-president said in a tweet. "The nation grieves with you." He also criticised the Trump administration's handling of the crisis. "This is a fateful milestone we should not have reached; it could have been avoided," he said. How is the lockdown easing? With nearly 39 million Americans out of work during the pandemic, the US is pressing ahead state by state with reopening the coronavirus-frozen economy, even as the death toll continues to move upwards. All 50 states have begun to ease Covid-19 rules in some form. The world's largest theme park, Walt Disney World in Florida, has plans to begin opening on 11 July, if the state governor allows it. Four Las Vegas casinos owned by MGM Resorts are also scheduled to reopen on 4 July. The company says employees will be tested for Covid-19 regularly. Currently, there is no vaccine for Covid-19. There is also no confirmed treatment for the disease, but there are several being tested. According to an AP-NORC poll conducted this month, just 49% of Americans said they would get a coronavirus vaccine if one became available. What's the worldwide picture?

করোনাভাইরাস সংক্রমণে চারমাসের কম সময়ের মধ্যে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে মৃতের সংখ্যা এক লাখ ছাড়িয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The new rule announced on Friday allows women over the age of 21 to apply for a passport without authorisation, putting them on an equal footing to men. Women are also being given the right to register births, marriage or divorce. The kingdom has recently eased other long-standing social restrictions on women, though campaigners say more remains to be done for women's rights. Saudi Arabia has increasingly come under the spotlight over its treatment of its female citizens, an issue highlighted by several high-profile cases of Saudi women seeking asylum abroad. The de facto leader, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, has sought to relax prohibitions on women, including lifting a driving ban last year, in a bid to open up the conservative kingdom. But he has also cracked down on women's rights activists, putting a number of them on trial in recent months. What is changing? Saudi's male guardianship system gives husbands, fathers and other male relatives the authority to make critical decisions about women. Until now, this has meant women there were required to seek those relatives' permission to obtain or renew a passport and exit the country. But the royal decrees published in the kingdom's official weekly Um al-Qura gazette on Friday stipulate that Saudi passports should be issued to any citizen who applies for it, and that anyone over the age of 21 does not need permission to travel. The changes allow women for the first time to register their children's births, as well as marriages and divorces. They also cover employment regulations that expand work opportunities for women. Under the rule, all citizens have the right to work without facing any discrimination based on gender, disability or age. How are women reacting? Many Saudi women have taken to Twitter to celebrate the move, with prominent influencer and talk show host Muna AbuSulayman tweeting: "A generation growing up completely free and equal to their brothers." The first woman to become an envoy for the kingdom, Saudi ambassador to the US Reema bint Bandar Al Saud, also hailed the changes: "If fully implemented [this is] a big step in letting adult Saudi women take control of their own lives," Kristin Diwan from the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington DC told the AFP news agency. Others are wary of the new reforms. Some conservatives in the country have reacted negatively to the changes, with one woman telling Reuters news agency: "Imagine if your girls grow up and leave you and don't return, would you be happy?" What restrictions remain? Despite the latest reforms, other parts of the guardianship system remain in place. These include women requiring permission from a male relative to marry or live on their own, as well as leave prison if they have been detained. They still cannot pass on citizenship to their children, nor can they provide consent for their children to marry. In a bid to open up the country, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman unveiled a plan in 2016 to transform the economy by 2030, with the aim of increasing women's participation in the workforce to 30% from 22%. However, rights groups have decried his crackdown over the last year on some of the country's leading women's rights activists who had campaigned for the right to drive or win equal rights to men. These women, including prominent campaigner Loujain al-Hathloul, are currently facing trial and several of them say they have been tortured whilst in detention. There have been several high profile cases of women seeking asylum in countries such as Canada, citing claims of gender oppression. The issue hit the headlines in January when 18-year-old Rahaf Mohammed al-Qunun fled Saudi Arabia in a bid to escape to Australia, but ended up in a stand-off at an airport hotel in the Thai capital Bangkok. After international appeals for help, Canada later granted her asylum. In March, two young Saudi sisters who had been hiding in Hong Kong were granted humanitarian visas in a third country. In a similar case a month later, another pair of sisters fled to Georgia after seeking international help on Twitter and were eventually relocated to another country. What's behind the move? By Sebastian Usher, BBC Arab affairs analyst This is the biggest move so far to dismantle the male guardianship system in Saudi Arabia. Saudi women's rights activists have fought hard to remove the multiple restrictions on their lives - they presented a petition to the authorities demanding change some three years ago. But the leading women involved in that campaign are now either detained or abroad. Internationally, their efforts have received great attention, but in Saudi Arabia itself, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and his advisers still seem intent on denying them any credit for the changes. That makes reform appear to come from the top down. For many Saudis - both men and women - this makes the Crown Prince a hero. Outside the Kingdom, it helps refurbish his image tarnished as it is by the killing of Jamal Khashoggi - at a time when the Saudis are choosing to play an increasingly visible role on the world stage. But both hardline conservatives and women's rights activists in Saudi Arabia are united in their suspicion of Mohammed bin Salman's motives - and their sense that this is all about his continuing accumulation of power, whether political, financial or cultural.

এখন থেকে সৌদি আরবের নারীরা কোনো পুরুষ অভিভাবকের অনুমতি ছাড়াই দেশের বাইরে ভ্রমণ করতে পারবেন বলে এক রাজকীয় ফরমানে বলা হয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

James LandaleDiplomatic correspondent@BBCJLandaleon Twitter In 1977 Jimmy Carter came to Britain on his first overseas trip as president. His main aim was to attend the G7 summit in London, but he also chose to visit Newcastle. The city had taken part in a scheme designed to build bridges between the United States and the rest of the world. So the newly elected leader of the free world decided to conduct his first act of global diplomacy from a podium outside the concrete splendour of Newcastle Civic Centre. He was given the freedom of the city by the mayor. And when the peanut farmer from Georgia stepped up to the microphone, he greeted an adoring crowd of 20,000 people thus: "Howay the lads! I am grateful to be a Geordie now." The local newspaper, the Chronicle, reported: "They packed the airport. They packed the streets. They packed the area outside the Civic Centre and they opened their arms to him. And he loved it. A great smile spread across his face... as he was greeted by crowds waving both the Union Jack and the Stars and Stripes." This was how it used to be: British crowds cheering US presidents. When JFK came in 1961, half a million people lined the route between London airport and the west end to catch a glimpse of him and his wife Jackie Kennedy. The scale of the public adulation was in part due to the fact that US presidents enjoyed great popularity in Britain: they were political show business and our closest allies in recent wars. They also came to the UK more rarely. The first president to visit was Woodrow Wilson in 1918 during the post-World War One peace talks. But it was not for another 27 years - and after another world war - that a second US president came to our shores, in 1945. And all Harry S Truman did was visit King George VI on a naval cruiser anchored in Plymouth harbour. Dwight D Eisenhower did not come until 1959. So, only three presidential visits in 40 years. Lyndon Johnson never came, nor did Gerald Ford. US presidents also enjoyed a warm relationship with the Royal Family. Eisenhower was a particular favourite of the Queen, who invited him to stay at Balmoral - the only president to do so. Like Donald Trump, "Ike" also owned property in Scotland: not a golf course but an apartment at Culzean Castle on the Ayrshire coast which had been given to him by the owners, in recognition of his role as supreme allied commander during World War Two. Ronald Reagan also got on well with the Queen, who in 1982 personally invited him to stay at Windsor Castle and go for a ride in the Great Park. In 1994, Bill and Hillary Clinton were honoured with a sleepover on board the royal yacht Britannia in Portsmouth. In 2003 George Bush spent the night at Buckingham Palace - the first president to do so since Wilson in 1918. In contrast, Donald Trump is expected to get a cup of tea when he passes through Windsor on Friday. Nor may President Trump receive quite the same political welcome as his predecessors. He will not attend cabinet as Bill Clinton did in 1997 shortly after Tony Blair was first elected prime minister. He will not get to flip burgers in the Downing Street garden or address both houses of parliament, as President Obama did in 2011. Instead, he will make do with a short visit to the prime minister's country residence, Chequers, like Richard Nixon in 1970. This will be very much a working visit. A full state visit may have been offered but there is no date in the diary for when it may happen. Of course, presidential visits do not always go smoothly. There was a private diplomatic row in 1982 when the White House delayed replying to the Queen's invitation to Ronald Reagan to stay at Windsor because his wife Nancy's astrologer was worried about overseas travel. In 1997 I watched as Bill Clinton's long motorcade was divided in two when London's Tower Bridge was opened to allow through a Thames sailing barge - much to the consternation of the security men. And in 1977, after a banquet at Buckingham Palace, President Carter decided to bid farewell to the Queen Mother by kissing her full on the lips, something that apparently had not happened since King George VI died in 1952. "I took a sharp step backwards," she recalled later. "Not quite far enough." So huge efforts will be made to ensure that President Trump's trip goes smoothly. Many demonstrations have been planned, but the huge security operation surrounding his progress from London to Chequers to Windsor to Scotland - largely by air - means that he may not get too close to the protests. Much harder to cover up will be the fundamental policy differences between the US and British governments. Since Donald Trump took office, Theresa May has publicly disagreed with him over his decision to impose trade tariffs, abandon the Iran nuclear deal, move the US embassy to Jerusalem, order a Muslim travel ban and retweet anti-Muslim messages from a British far-right group. British ministers and officials will do their best to welcome Mr Trump but even they are now talking about the need to respect the office of the presidency rather than the current incumbent as an individual. So the president's trip this week will test a relationship that has recently become much harder to keep special.

১২তম মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট হিসেবে যুক্তরাজ্য সফর করতে যাচ্ছেন ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। রাষ্ট্রীয় সফর না হলেও তাঁর এই সফর আগের রাষ্ট্রনেতাদের সফরের চেয়ে ব্যতিক্রমী হবে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Yair Lapid, leader of the centrist Yesh Atid party, announced an eight-faction coalition had been formed. Under a rotation arrangement, the head of the right-wing Yamina party, Naftali Bennett, would serve as prime minister first before handing over to Mr Lapid. Mr Netanyahu, however, attacked the new "left-wing" government as "dangerous". In his first comments since the agreement was reached, Mr Netanyahu urged Knesset (parliament) members "elected by votes from the right" to oppose the coalition, which still needs to be approved by a parliamentary vote before being sworn in. The vote is not expected to take place for some days, and there is still a chance this newly formed coalition could be upended by defections. In a statement, Mr Lapid said he had informed President Reuven Rivlin of the agreement, adding: "I pledge that this government will work in the service of all Israeli citizens, those who voted for it and those who did not. "It will respect its opponents and do everything in its power to unite and connect all parts of Israeli society." An image carried on Israeli media showed Mr Lapid, Mr Bennett and Mansour Abbas, leader of the Arab Islamist Raam party, signing the agreement, a deal many thought impossible. This is the first time in decades an Israeli Arab party has joined a governing coalition. Other parties representing Israeli Arabs - who make up 20% of the population - have said they will oppose a government led by Mr Bennett, who rejects the concept of a Palestinian state, AFP news agency reports. Mr Abbas told reporters: "The decision was hard and there were several disputes but it was important to reach agreements." He said that there were "many things in this agreement for the benefit of Arab society". No rational political enemy of Benjamin Netanyahu can underestimate his tenacity, ruthlessness and absolute determination to hold on to office. Until a new government with a new prime minister is sworn in, he will do all he can to stop it. If he found himself leader of the opposition, he would do all he could to destabilise a coalition with a wafer-thin majority that would be trying to span the entire Israeli spectrum, from the nationalist right to the liberal left. All that unites them is their desire to remove him from office. Mr Netanyahu has already called the proposed new government the "fraud of the century". He says it endangers the state of Israel, the people of Israel, and the soldiers of Israel. However loudly he complains, the likelihood is that he is leaving office. In the end his defeat was sealed not by left-wing opponents but by fellow right-wingers he has made into enemies by his ruthless, high-handed tactics. No-one should expect big, new initiatives from a new government. Just surviving the onslaught Mr Netanyahu is undoubtedly planning will be a full-time job. His opponents will be hoping that his fall will continue in the Jerusalem courthouse where he is already on trial on serious corruption charges. In his note to the president, Mr Lapid said he would head the government alongside Mr Bennett, who he would replace as prime minister on 27 August 2023. Mr Rivlin has called on parliament to convene as soon as possible to hold the confidence vote. If the coalition fails to win the support of a majority in the 120-seat Knesset, there is a risk of the country having to go to elections for the fifth time in two years. The coalition members span the full spectrum of Israeli politics. The parties have little in common apart from their plan to replace Mr Netanyahu. They are: All eight factions were needed to pass the 61 majority figure. Wednesday's marathon talks took place in a hotel near Tel Aviv, with a large number of issues - from legalising cannabis to fines for illegal construction to the rotation of judicial selection committee posts - all on the agenda. Israeli media suggested that not all the elements were finalised, and this could still create doubts over whether the coalition will win its confidence vote. Mr Netanyahu's right-wing Likud party won the most seats in March's inconclusive poll. He was given the first chance to form a government but was unable to build a viable coalition. Mr Netanyahu had called the proposed new government the "fraud of the century", saying it endangered the state and people of Israel.

ইসরায়েলে একটি নতুন সরকার গঠনে চুক্তিতে পৌঁছেছে সেখানকার বিরোধী দলগুলো, যা দেশটির প্রধানমন্ত্রী হিসেবে বেনইয়ামিন নেতানিয়াহুর ১২ বছরের শাসনের সমাপ্তির পথ পরিষ্কার করে দিলো।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Shayista FarooqiBBC Monitoring The show's immense popularity has polarised opinion in Pakistan. Some feel it is a threat to local culture and promotes violence, while others applaud it for glorifying Muslim heroes. But it's not just celebrities and analysts who are commenting on the show - the country's politicians are also actively involved in the debate. This is not the first Turkish drama to have become popular in Pakistan. But what is different about Ertugrul - often described as the Muslim Game of Thrones - is that it's being promoted by Prime Minister Imran Khan, for reasons thought to be both personal and political. Counter-narrative against 'Islamophobia'? Mr Khan is, arguably, one of the main reasons why this foreign series is creating waves in Pakistan. He not only recommended the show and told PTV to air it, but claimed the show would help Pakistan understand the significance of Islamic civilisation. Ever since his remarks, the series - which is being aired as Ertugrul Ghazi (Warrior) in Urdu - has been breaking records for viewing figures in Pakistan. Critics believe Mr Khan has backed the show because he relates to its promotion of Islamic values and it chimes with his goal of establishing Pakistan as an ideal Islamic society. Since he became prime minister, Mr Khan has been saying he wanted "to create a Pakistan which is in line with the first Muslim society created by Prophet Muhammad in Medina". But it seems to be more than just a matter of personal interest. An article in the leading daily Dawn suggests that "the reason may lie in a much-publicised, behind-the-scenes meeting, where Prime Minister Khan met with Turkish President [Recep] Tayyip Erdogan and [then] Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad at the UNGA (UN General Assembly)." In September 2019, Mr Khan along with Mr Erdogan and Mr Mahathir floated the idea of launching a TV channel to create a counter-narrative against what they called rising Islamophobia. Mr Erdogan praised the drama for "entering the nation's heart" at an award ceremony in Turkey in November 2016. By promoting the show, Mr Khan "was also probably trying to score political points in Turkey, a country with which Pakistan is strengthening its partnership", The Diplomat wrote, in an article. But the Pakistani PM has been facing some criticism at home for openly backing the show. Opposition senator Mushtaq Ahmad Khan recently said in parliament: "You [Khan] cannot build the State of Medina by broadcasting the Ertugrul show," Dawn reported. 'Rightly glorifies' Muslim values The series is based on the life of the 13th-century Muslim Oghuz Turk leader Ertugrul, whose son Osman Ghazi is considered to be the founder of the Ottoman Empire. It depicts the bravery of Muslim Oghuz Turks fighting the Mongol invaders, Christians, Byzantines and the Knights Templar in Anatolia. In Pakistan, some media outlets such as the Naya Daur website, say the drama "glorifies the Muslim value system and the Ottoman Empire". An article in popular local daily The Nation also believes the drama "rightly glorifies Muslim heroes, Islamic history and ethics". Muslims have mostly been shown "through the gaze of negativity" in TV series and films, hence the show marks a welcome change, analysts say. "Muslims craved a powerful and positive depiction in the media globally. And Dirilis Ertugrul seems to have satiated that desperation to see a glorifying depiction of Muslims," says an article in English-language website The Global Village Space. Some, such as journalist Aamna Haider Isani - writing in The News Daily - feel the show has served an "extremely important purpose of combating Islamophobia in the world". But critics, such as activist Pervez Hoodbhoy, disagree. "If it [Ertugrul] seeks to project Islam as a religion of peace and to counter Islamophobia, then the very opposite is achieved," he wrote in Dawn, citing the extensive violence and beheadings shown in the drama. And some, such as social activist-turned-politician Jibran Nasir, say the show is creating an "identity crisis" among Pakistanis. Turkish media have also noted the popularity of the drama in Pakistan. On 24 May, the state-funded Anadolu news agency quoted locals in Pakistan praising the show for "raising the Islamic flag" and "showing how a Muslim leader should be". Comparisons with 'lifeless domestic issues' Some feel the absence of high-quality content in Pakistani TV series is another reason for the foreign drama's massive popularity. Several Pakistani Twitter users claim Ertugrul is "a distinct piece of entertainment over the typical and lifeless storyline of domestic issues in Pakistani serials", according to The Global Village Space. "It is more than evident that there are far too many channels and not enough quality content being made," says an article in The News. Pakistan's TV industry is popular, but it isn't particularly known for its focus on Islamic values - though it has produced shows like Alif in this genre. Pakistani producers are feeling threatened by the Turkish series, and many people, including Federal Minister Fawad Chaudhry, fear that foreign imports will ultimately harm the local entertainment industry. But amid the raging debate, journalist Isani hopes that Ertugrul will inspire Pakistan to make better productions at home.

তুরস্কের জনপ্রিয় ঐতিহাসিক টিভি নাটক ডিরিলিস এরতুগ্রুল (এরতুগ্রুলের পুনরুত্থান) পাকিস্তানের টিভি দর্শকদের কাছে বিপুল জনপ্রিয়তা পেয়েছে। এপ্রিল মাস থেকে নাটকটি ডাব করে পাকিস্তানের রাষ্ট্রীয় টেলিভিশনে দেখানো শুরু হওয়ার পর থেকে এই নাটক দর্শকদের মধ্যে রীতিমত সাড়া ফেলে দিয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

UN envoy to Myanmar Christine Schraner Burgener said there was shocking footage coming out of the country. Witnesses said security forces opened fire with rubber and live bullets. Mass protests and acts of civil disobedience have been seen across Myanmar since the military seized power on 1 February. Protesters have been calling for an end to military rule and the release of the country's elected government leaders - including Aung San Suu Kyi - who were overthrown and detained in the coup. The coup and the violent suppression of protests that followed have led to international condemnation, which Myanmar's military has so far ignored. Reacting to Wednesday's deaths, the UK called for a United Nations Security Council meeting on Friday, while the US said it was considering further action against Myanmar's military. The latest violence comes a day after Myanmar's neighbours urged the military to exercise restraint. 'They just came out and started to shoot' Ms Schraner Burgener said at least 50 people had now been killed "and many wounded" since the coup began. She said one video clip showed police beating an unarmed volunteer medical crew. Another showed a protester being shot and probably killed on the street, she said. "I asked some weapons experts and they could verify to me, it's not clear but it seems that the police weapons like 9mm submachine guns, so live ammunition," she said. Reports from inside Myanmar spoke of security forces opening fire on large crowds in a number of cities, including Yangon, with little warning. Two boys, aged 14 and 17, were among those who were killed, Save the Children said. A 19-year-old woman was also said to be among the dead. At least six people were reportedly shot dead during a protest in Monywa in central Myanmar. At least 30 others were wounded in the unrest, a local journalist told Reuters. A volunteer medic told AFP news agency in Myingyan that at least 10 people had been injured there. "They fired tear gas, rubber bullets and live rounds," they said. "They didn't spray us with water cannon, [there was] no warning to disperse, they just fired their guns," one protester in the city told Reuters. In Mandalay, a student protester told the BBC that demonstrators were killed near her house. "I think around 10am or 10.30, police and soldiers came to that area and then they started to shoot at civilians. They didn't give any warning to the civilians. "They just came out and they started to shoot. They used rubber bullets but they also used live bullets to kill civilians in a violent way." The military has not commented on the reported deaths. Military stands firm despite pressure As world powers view Myanmar's crisis with growing unease, the country's military said it was ready to withstand sanctions and isolation after its coup, Ms Schraner Burgener has urged the UN to take "very strong measures" against the generals. The UN envoy warned of such punitive action in a conversation with Myanmar's deputy military chief. In response, "the answer was: 'We have to learn to walk with only few friends'," Ms Schraner Burgener told reporters in New York. Nevertheless, more sanctions are being considered by Western countries, including the US. Wednesday's violence left the US "appalled", State Department spokesman Ned Price said. He told reporters: "We call on all countries to speak with one voice to condemn the brutal violence by the Burmese military against its own people." He urged China, historically a close ally of Myanmar, to bring its influence to bear on the country's military. The UN Security Council - an international peacekeeping body - has voiced concern over the situation, but stopped short of condemning the coup because of opposition by Russia and China, who view the matter as an internal affair. Meanwhile, Pope Francis called for dialogue to "prevail over repression". Foreign ministers of neighbouring South East Asian nations held a special meeting on Tuesday about the situation in Myanmar. But although they urged restraint, only some of the ministers pressed the military junta to release Ms Suu Kyi. Ms Suu Kyi, 75, was seen for the first time since her detention earlier this week when she appeared in court via video link. The military says it seized power because of alleged fraud in November's general elections, which saw Ms Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party win a landslide victory. But the military has provided no proof of these allegations - instead, it replaced the Election Commission and promised fresh polls in a year. Myanmar in profile

মিয়ানমারে সামরিক অভ্যুত্থানের বিরুদ্ধে হওয়া বিক্ষোভে বুধবার অন্তত ৩৮ জন নিহত হয়েছেন। একমাস আগে সামরিক অভ্যুত্থান হওয়ার পর এটিকে সবচেয়ে 'রক্তক্ষয়ী দিন' হিসেবে বলছে জাতিসংঘ।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Jonathan AmosBBC Science Correspondent Scientists have established that the whole structure on the Italian island of Sicily is edging in the direction of the Mediterranean at a rate of 14mm per year. The UK-led team says the situation will need careful monitoring because it may lead to increased hazards at Etna in the future. The group has published its findings in the Bulletin of Volcanology. "I would say there is currently no cause for alarm, but it is something we need to keep an eye on, especially to see if there is an acceleration in this motion," lead author Dr John Murray told BBC News. The Open University geologist has spent almost half a century studying Europe's premier volcano. In that time, he has placed a network of high-precision GPS stations around the mountain to monitor its behaviour. This instrumentation is sensitive to millimetric changes in the shape of the volcanic cone; and with 11 years of data it is now obvious, he says, that the mountain is moving in an east-south-east direction, on a general track towards the coastal town of Giarre, which is about 15km away. Essentially, Etna is sliding down a very gentle slope of 1-3 degrees. This is possible because it is sitting on an underlying platform of weak, pliable sediments. Dr Murray's team has conducted lab experiments to illustrate how this works. The group believes it is the first time that basement sliding of an entire active volcano has been directly observed. On the human scale, a movement of 14mm/yr - that is 1.4m over a hundred years - will seem very small, and it is. But geological investigations elsewhere in the world have shown that extinct volcanoes that display this kind of trend can suffer catastrophic failures on their leading flank as they drift downslope. Stresses can build up that lead eventually to devastating landslides. Dr Murray and colleagues stress such behaviour is very rare and can take many centuries, even thousands of years, to develop to a critical stage. Certainly, there is absolutely no evidence that this is about to happen at Etna. Local residents should not be alarmed, the Open University scientist said. "The 14mm/yr is an average; it varies from year to year," he explained. "The thing to watch I guess is if in 10 years' time the rate of movement has doubled - that would be a warning. If it's halved, I'd say there really is nothing to worry about." Of more immediate concern is the confounding effect this sliding could have for the day-to-day assessment of the volcano. Scientists get hints that eruptive activity is about to occur when magma bulges upwards and deforms the shape of the mountain. To gain an unambiguous view of this inflation, researchers will need to subtract the general E-S-E motion. [email protected] and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos

ইউরোপের সবচেয়ে বিপজ্জনক আগ্নেয়গিরি মাউন্ট এট্‌না ধীরে ধীরে সমুদ্রের দিকে এগিয়ে যাচ্ছে বলে বিজ্ঞানীরা বলছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The US and Australia said they would deny entry to all foreign visitors who had recently been in China, where the virus first emerged in December. Earlier, countries including Russia, Japan, Pakistan and Italy announced similar travel restrictions. But global health officials have advised against such measures. "Travel restrictions can cause more harm than good by hindering info-sharing, medical supply chains and harming economies," the head of the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Friday. The WHO recommends introducing screening at official border crossings. It has warned that closing borders could accelerate the spread of the virus, with travellers entering countries unofficially. China has criticised the wave of travel restrictions, accusing foreign governments of ignoring official advice. "Just as the WHO recommended against travel restrictions, the US rushed in the opposite direction," foreign ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said. "[It is] certainly not a gesture of goodwill." What is the latest? The death toll from the new virus, which is officially called 2019-nCov, now stands at 304. All the deaths occurred within China and the majority - 294 - were in Hubei province, where the virus originated. Hubei recorded 45 more deaths on Saturday. Across China there were 2,590 new confirmed infections, bringing the total number of cases in the country to 14,380, state TV quoted the National Health Commission as saying. About 100 cases have been identified outside China. The UK, US, Russia and Germany have all confirmed cases in recent days. Meanwhile authorities in Hubei extended the Lunar New Year holiday until 13 February and announced marriage registrations would be suspended to discourage public gatherings. China started celebrating the holiday on 24 January, and Chinese officials had already extended the break in an attempt to postpone travel by large numbers of people as they return to work. Hospital workers in Hong Kong have voted to go on strike from Monday unless the territory's border with mainland China is completely closed. The Hong Kong government has refused to do so citing WHO recommendations. The number of coronavirus cases worldwide has overtaken that of the similar Sars epidemic, which spread to more than two dozen countries in 2003. But the mortality rate of the new virus is much lower than that of Sars, which has led officials to believe it is not as deadly. Estimates by the University of Hong Kong suggest the total number of cases could be far higher than official figures suggest. More than 75,000 people may have been infected in the city of Wuhan, which is at the epicentre of the outbreak, experts say. How are countries outside China responding? A string of travel restrictions have been announced in recent days. The US, which declared a rare public health emergency, banned entry from all foreign nationals who had visited China in the past two weeks. US citizens and residents returning from Hubei province, where the outbreak started, will be quarantined for 14 days. Those returning from other parts of China will be allowed to monitor their own condition for a similar period. On Saturday the Pentagon said it would provide housing for 1,000 people who may need to be quarantined after arriving in the US from abroad, until 29 February. Four military bases in California, Colorado and Texas would provide up to 250 rooms each. Another confirmed case in the US on Saturday - in Massachusetts - brought the number there to eight. Australia, which announced a similar ban, said any of its own citizens arriving from China would be quarantined for two weeks. There have also been a number of evacuations from China as foreign governments work to bring their citizens back. More than 300 Indians arrived in Delhi on Saturday after they were evacuated from Wuhan, while about 100 Germans arrived in Frankfurt later the same day. Thailand is also set to evacuate its nationals from the city in the coming days. Russia will evacuate several hundred of its citizens from Hubei province on Monday and Tuesday, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said. The country has also halted visa-free tourism for Chinese nationals. Countries evacuating citizens are expected to quarantine them for two weeks to monitor them for symptoms and avoid contagion. In other recent developments: An entire country in isolation Analysis by Stephen McDonell, China correspondent The coronavirus outbreak is all but grinding this economic juggernaut to a halt. Tianjin, an industrial port city of 15 million people, is the latest metropolis to announce that all non-essential business should stop. Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing are lifeless when compared to their normal selves. There is a feeling that the entire country is being placed in isolation, with international airlines halting mainland China connections and other countries declaring that Chinese passport holders will be denied entry for the time being. Yet, in some respects, these governments are following China's lead after it locked down the entire province of Hubei, where the virus emergency started. Most people seem to welcome the decisive action from the government, given the circumstances. But officials in Wuhan are being slammed for their slow response in the early stages. Some even worked to prevent the news getting out. And as if to illustrate how quickly this virus can spread, a doctor who was one of a group of whistleblowers who tried to sound the alarm in December says he now has the virus himself. Li Wenliang was initially hauled over the coals by local police for "spreading rumours" and "disrupting social order" after he posted a message on his alumni chat group that said his hospital had isolated patients who had contracted Sars. It turned out to be the new virus, but China's Supreme Court has criticised Wuhan police for reprimanding him and the other whistleblowers.

করোনাভাইরাসের দ্রুত বিস্তার নিয়ন্ত্রণে বিশ্বের কয়েকটি দেশ চীন থেকে আগতদের ঠেকাতে সীমানা বন্ধ করে দিয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The defence ministry said France had suspended its role in Operation Sea Guardian, accusing Turkey of violating an arms embargo against Libya. It comes weeks after Turkish ships allegedly targeted a French warship in the Mediterranean - something Ankara strongly denies. The Nato allies are thought to support different sides in Libya's civil war. Riven by violence since Col Muammar Gaddafi was deposed by Nato-backed forces in 2011, the oil-rich nation is a key transit point for migrants heading to Europe from Africa. Currently, the UN-backed Government of National Accord (GNA) is battling against the forces of Gen Khalifa Haftar which control large parts of the east and south of Libya. Why is France pulling out of the operation? French relations with Turkey have become increasingly strained in recent months because of the Libya crisis, Turkey's role in northern Syria, and also drilling in the eastern Mediterranean. But the key incident came on 10 June, when French frigate Courbet went to inspect a Tanzanian-flagged cargo ship, Cirkin, off the coast of Libya, to check if it was smuggling arms. At the time the French ship was taking part in Nato's Operation Sea Guardian, which among other things maintains freedom of navigation and plays a "maritime counter-terrorism" role. What happened next is still under dispute. According to French defence forces, Turkish ships escorting the Cirkin - which they said was carrying medical supplies - acted aggressively to the Courbet, and even targeted it with their weapons systems three times. Turkey denies the French allegation, saying the interaction was friendly. France has since asked Nato to investigate the incident. Both countries have traded insults in recent weeks. On Monday, French President Emmanuel Macron accused Turkey of "historic and criminal responsibility" in the Libyan conflict, "for a country which claims to be a Nato member". Turkey's foreign minister, Mevlut Cavusoglu, said on Tuesday that France had been "destructive" in the North African nation, and accused the country of trying "to increase Russia's presence in Libya". On Thursday, he asked France to apologise for its allegations about the Courbet. Now France has suspended its role in Operation Sea Guardian. "It doesn't make sense to keep our assets... with allies who do not respect the embargo," a French defence official reportedly said. Turkey is fast becoming a stone in Nato's shoe. This latest row with France is only the latest issue to raise questions about Turkey's position within the alliance. Tensions over its approach to Libya come after similar differences between Ankara and key allies over its interventionist approach in Syria. Turkey has even held up approval of Baltic defence plans as part of this row. Then there is its decision to purchase Russian S-400 air defence missiles which has resulted in its suspension from the US F-35 fighter programme. And to cap it all there are wider tensions in the Mediterranean with its long-standing rival and fellow Nato-member, Greece. Turkey is pushing at the boundaries of what is acceptable within the alliance. But given the distractions of the Covid-19 pandemic and President Trump's own ambivalent attitude towards Nato, such tensions are likely to simmer on. What's the background? Both sides in Libya's civil war have international support. Turkey, Italy and Qatar all side with the GNA in Tripoli, while Russia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates back Gen Haftar. France, meanwhile, is also thought to back Gen Haftar, although leaders in Paris have repeatedly denied this. A UN arms embargo is in place to stop men and materiel flowing into the country, but it has had little effect. Turkey agreed a military cooperation deal with the GNA in 2019, and deployed troops to the country in January. Last month, GNA forces finally regained full control of Tripoli thanks to greater help from Turkey. Gen Haftar has reportedly withdrawn his forces from the city's suburbs. A UN report leaked in May said that hundreds of mercenaries from the Russian Wagner Group - run by Yevgeny Prigozhin, a close associate of President Putin - were operating in Libya in support of Gen Haftar. There are reports the Wagner Group is evacuating from the country, although these have not been confirmed.

ফ্রান্স, তুরস্কের সঙ্গে বড়ধরনের বিতর্কে জড়িয়ে পড়ার পর নেটোর একটি নিরাপত্তা তৎপরতায় তাদের ভূমিকা সাময়িকভাবে স্থগিত করেছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Smitha MundasadGlobal health correspondent, BBC News The rise, from 14.1 million cases and 8.2 million deaths in 2012, is partly due to a growing and ageing population. The figures suggest one in five men and one in six women will develop the disease in their lifetime. And as countries become wealthier, more people get cancers related to lifestyle rather than those linked to poverty. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) provides regular snapshots of the scale of cancer around the world, looking closely at 36 different cancers in 185 countries. Researchers say while ways of measuring and collecting cancer data have improved over the years, the overall trend is that cancer rates and deaths have risen year on year. The latest report suggests lung cancer, female breast cancer, and bowel cancer are responsible for a third of all cancer cases and deaths worldwide. 'Tobacco control' And the authors say lung cancer is now the leading cause of cancer death in women in 28 countries. The worst hit countries include the USA, Hungary, Denmark, China and New Zealand. George Butterworth, from the charity Cancer Research UK, said: "Tobacco is the single biggest reason why more women across the world are getting lung cancer than ever before. "In the UK smoking among women became more prolific later than it did for men, so it's not surprising that we're seeing increasing lung cancer rates now. "Similarly, cigarettes are now increasingly popular among women in low and middle income countries and the tobacco industry's aggressive marketing to them is influencing this." Meanwhile, Dr Freddie Bray, of the IARC, said: "The results highlight the need to continue to put in place targeted and effective tobacco control policies in every country in the world." 'Extraordinary diversity' Overall, the report estimates, nearly half of all cases and most cancer deaths in the world this year will occur in Asia, partly because of the large numbers of people living in the continent and partly because some cancers with higher death rates are more common in this region. This includes, for example, high rates of liver cancer, which generally has a poor prognosis, in China. Beyond this, the authors say, there is "extraordinary diversity" in the types of cancer and patterns of illness around the world. They say because of this countries need to consider tailoring how they try to prevent and treat cancer.

২০১৮ সালের শেষ নাগাদ বিশ্বে মোট ১ কোটি ৮১ লাখ মানুষ ক্যান্সারে আক্রান্ত হবে, যাদের মধ্যে ৯৬ লাখ মানুষ মারা যাবে বলে একটি প্রতিবেদনে বলা হয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Southwest Airlines says the organ was flown to Seattle from California, where it was to be processed at a hospital to have a valve recovered for future use. But it was never unloaded and its absence was not noticed until the plane was almost half-way to Dallas. The heart itself had not been intended for a specific patient. Details of the incident, which occurred on Sunday, were revealed in media reports on Thursday. Passengers were said to have been shocked when the captain told them about the cargo and why the flight was turning back. Some used their smartphones to investigate the length of time that a heart can be stored before it is no longer viable for a transplant operation - typically between four and six hours, according to experts. The plane was reportedly in the air for about three hours. A doctor who was among the passengers but not involved in the shipment of the organ, told the Seattle Times newspaper that the incident was a "horrific story of gross negligence". Following the flight's return to Seattle, the heart was taken to a donor health centre for tissue storage and was said to have been received within the required time frame, the newspaper added. In a statement, Southwest Airlines said the heart reached its intended destination "within the window of time allotted by our cargo customer". A spokeswoman for Sierra Donor Services, the nonprofit that organised the donation, said that the heart will now be processed so that its valves can be used for life-saving procedures, but added that these "won't be available for implant for quite some time". Monica Johnson, Sierra Donor Services' executive director, said the donor's family had been notified of the travel delay. "They are relieved their loved one's heart valves were received and will be able to help others," she said. After the plane returned to Seattle it was taken out of service due to a mechanical issue that Southwest says was unrelated to the heart mishap.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সিয়াটল থেকে ডালাসে যেতে থাকা একটি যাত্রীবাহী বিমান উড্ডয়নের কয়েকঘন্টা পর আবারো সিয়াটল বিমানবন্দরে ফিরে আসতে বাধ্য হয়।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Syrian state media earlier reported that government forces had been deployed to the north. It follows the US decision to pull all its remaining troops from the area over the "untenable" situation there. The Turkish assault, launched last week, is aimed at forcing Kurdish forces from along the border area. Areas under the control of the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), the main US ally in the area, have come under heavy bombardment over the weekend, with Turkey making gains in two key border towns. Dozens of civilians and fighters have been killed on both sides. Amid fears of the resurgence of the Islamic State (IS) group as a result of the fighting, Kurdish officials said on Sunday that nearly 800 relatives of foreign IS members had escaped from Ain Issa, a camp in the north, as clashes raged nearby. The Turkish offensive and US withdrawal has drawn an international outcry, as the SDF were the main Western allies in the battle against IS in Syria. But Turkey views elements of the Kurdish groups within the force as terrorists and says it wants to drive them away from a "safe zone" reaching 30km into Syria. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan hopes to resettle up to two million Syrian refugees currently in Turkey within the zone. Many of them are not Kurds. Critics have warned this could lead to ethnic cleansing of the local Kurdish population. What do we know about the deal? The Kurdish-led administration in northern Syria said the Syrian army would deploy along the entire length of the border as part of the agreement. This deployment would assist the SDF in countering "this aggression and liberating the areas that the Turkish army and mercenaries had entered", it said in a statement. The move also "paves the way to liberate the rest of the Syrian cities occupied by the Turkish army such as Afrin", it added. Turkish forces and pro-Turkey Syrian rebels forced Kurdish fighters from Afrin back in 2018 after a two-month operation. The deal represents a significant shift in alliances for the Kurds, after losing the military protection of their long-term US partners in the area. It is not yet known what the Syrian government has committed to. However SDF chief Mazloum Abdi acknowledged "there would be painful compromises" with the Assad government and its Russian allies, in an article for Foreign Policy magazine. "We do not trust their promises. To be honest, it is hard to know whom to trust," he writes. "But if we have to choose between compromises and the genocide of our people, we will surely choose life for our people." The deal follows US President Donald Trump's surprise move last week to pull dozens of troops from pockets in the north-east, effectively paving the way for the Turkish operation against the Kurdish fighters. At the time, the SDF called the move "a stab in the back". What about the latest US withdrawal? US Defence Secretary Mark Esper earlier announced the Pentagon was moving up to 1,000 troops away from the north after learning that Turkey was pushing further into Syria than previously expected. Describing the situation there as "untenable", he said the SDF had been "looking to cut a deal" with the Syrian government and Russia to counter the Turkish attack. This, he continued, would leave the US forces stuck between "two opposing advancing armies". Hours after Mr Esper's comments, Syria said it was deploying its forces to the north to "confront a Turkish aggression". It is not yet clear where exactly the troops are being sent. On Sunday, President Trump tweeted it was "very smart" not to be involved in the fighting "for a change", saying engagement in Middle East conflict was a mistake. What has Turkey seized so far ? Turkey is pushing deeper into northern Syria. On Sunday, President Erdogan said his forces had already captured 109 sq km (42 square miles) of territory, including 21 villages. He told reporters the key border town of Ras al-Ain had come under Turkish control - though the SDF said they had pushed Turkish forces back to the town's outskirts. Mr Erdogan said Turkish forces had also besieged the town of Tal Abyad, some 120km (75 miles) away. The UK-based monitoring group the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) said Turkey was in almost complete control there. Both Ras al-Ain and Tal Abyad are key goals in the Turkish offensive against the SDF. Turkey also announced that its Syrian allies on the ground had seized a key motorway - called M4 - some 30-35km south of the border. What are the casualty figures? They're rising, with civilians killed on both sides of the border: The UN humanitarian agency OCHA says up to 160,000 civilians are now on the move and it expects the number to rise. It says it is increasingly concerned about the safety of its staff in the region. What about IS? The fighting has spilled over to areas close to IS detainee camps. Fears that Kurdish forces will be unable to keep IS prisoners confined appeared to have been realised when officials at the Ain Issa camp said nearly 800 relatives of foreign IS members had escaped. The SOHR said the number of people who fled was 100. It not known where they have gone. The camp holds about 12,000 displaced people, previously including nearly 1,000 foreign women and children with jihadist links. The SDF says it is currently holding more than 12,000 suspected IS members in seven prisons, and at least 4,000 of them are foreign nationals. IS has claimed recent car bombings and on Saturday declared a new campaign in Syria. Turkey says it will take responsibility for IS prisoners it finds during its offensive.

সিরিয়ার কুর্দিরা বলছে যে সিরিয় সরকার দেশের উত্তরাঞ্চলের সীমান্তে সেনাবাহিনী পাঠিয়ে তাদের কুর্দিদের বিরুদ্ধে তুরস্কের চালানো আগ্রাসন প্রতিহত করার চেষ্টা করবে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Foreign minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al-Thani said he favoured diplomacy to resolve the escalating crisis and that there was no military solution, Reuters reported. Qatar rejects claims it is a leading supporter of Islamist extremism. Meanwhile, Qatar's Al Jazeera network said it was suffering a cyber-attack. "Al Jazeera Media Network under cyber-attack on all systems, websites and social media platforms," it tweeted. The network has been in the crosshairs in the current dispute, and other Gulf countries blocked it in late May. On its website, Al Jazeera said its services were all still working but the attacks "are gaining intensity and taking various forms". Meanwhile, Qatar's state-run TV station later said it was shutting down its website temporarily because of hacking attempts. In other developments: Saudi Arabia and other states cut travel and diplomatic links on Monday. The emir of Kuwait is trying to mediate the row, carrying out shuttle diplomacy between Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Qatar out of step: BBC diplomatic correspondent James Robbins This is a region largely of absolute monarchs - kings or emirs - who have in common a very firm grip on politics at home to head off any dissent that could represent a threat to their individual regime survival. But the emir of Qatar pursues a series of policies that simply don't fit into the rigid orthodoxy expected by most of the others, notably Saudi Arabia, the superpower of Sunni Islam. His unconventional foreign policy is seen as a threat to Sunni solidarity, particularly because the emir and his ministers promote dialogue and a search for good relations with the rival regional superpower, Shia Muslim Iran. Saudi Arabia is deeply hostile to that approach, and now feels empowered to turn that hostility to action, in the certain knowledge that a new US president, Donald Trump, is at Saudi King Salman's side. Read more from James Addressing reporters in Doha on Thursday, Sheikh Mohammed said Qatar had been isolated "because we are successful and progressive". "We are a platform for peace not terrorism. This dispute is threatening the stability of the entire region," he said, adding: "We are not ready to surrender, and will never be ready to surrender, the independence of our foreign policy." He said Iran had offered the use of three of its ports to ship food and water to Qatar as supplies ran low, but he said the offer had not yet been accepted. Qatar is heavily dependent on food imports and the crisis has led to stockpiling and shortages. Sheikh Mohammed said Qatar had never before experienced such hostility. In another development, Russia said Sheikh Mohammed would fly to Moscow for talks with his Russian counterpart, Sergei Lavrov, on Saturday. They will discuss "urgent international" issues, Tass news agency reported, but there were no further details. BBC diplomatic correspondent James Robbins says Russia's intervention could complicate existing efforts to defuse the situation. Several countries including the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Egypt cut diplomatic and flight links with Qatar on Monday. Saudi Arabia also closed its land border, a vital lifeline for supplies. Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir has said Qatar needs to cut ties with Palestinian Islamist group Hamas in the occupied territories, and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, if it wanted to end its isolation. Meanwhile, Bahrain has joined the UAE in threatening jail terms for anyone voicing support for Qatar. "Any expression of sympathy with the government of Qatar or opposition to the measures taken by the government of Bahrain, whether through social media, Twitter or any other form of communication, is a criminal offence punishable by up to five years in prison and a fine," a statement from the interior ministry said. Turkey, in an apparent act of support for Qatar, has approved a bill allowing more troops to be based there. The Turkish president has also offered to mediate. Qatar is also home to the biggest American air base in the region. US President Donald Trump urged Gulf unity in a call to Saudi Arabia's King Salman, US officials said on Wednesday. However, he had earlier claimed credit for the pressure placed on Qatar saying his recent visit to Saudi Arabia was "already paying off".

চরমপন্থার সঙ্গে কথিত যোগসাজশের যে অভিযোগ কাতারের বিরুদ্ধে উঠেছে, তা থেকে মুক্তি পেতে নিজস্ব পররাষ্ট্র নীতিকে বাদ দিয়ে বশ্যতা স্বীকার করা হবে না বলে দেশটি প্রতিজ্ঞা করেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Michelle RobertsHealth editor, BBC News online It emerged recently and is carried by pigs, but can infect humans, they say. The researchers are concerned that it could mutate further so that it can spread easily from person to person, and trigger a global outbreak. While it is not an immediate problem, they say, it has "all the hallmarks" of being highly adapted to infect humans and needs close monitoring. As it's new, people could have little or no immunity to the virus. The scientists write in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that measures to control the virus in pigs, and the close monitoring of swine industry workers, should be swiftly implemented. Pandemic threat A bad new strain of influenza is among the top disease threats that experts are watching for, even as the world attempts to bring to an end the current coronavirus pandemic. The last pandemic flu the world encountered - the swine flu outbreak of 2009 - was less deadly than initially feared, largely because many older people had some immunity to it, probably because of its similarity to other flu viruses that had circulated years before. That virus, called A/H1N1pdm09, is now covered by the annual flu vaccine to make sure people are protected. The new flu strain that has been identified in China is similar to 2009 swine flu, but with some new changes. So far, it hasn't posed a big threat, but Prof Kin-Chow Chang and colleagues who have been studying it, say it is one to keep an eye on. How worried should we be? The virus, which the researchers call G4 EA H1N1, can grow and multiply in the cells that line the human airways. They found evidence of recent infection in people who worked in abattoirs and the swine industry in China when they looked at data from 2011 to 2018. Current flu vaccines do not appear to protect against it, although they could be adapted to do so if needed. Prof Kin-Chow Chang, who works at Nottingham University in the UK, told the BBC: "Right now we are distracted with coronavirus and rightly so. But we must not lose sight of potentially dangerous new viruses." While this new virus is not an immediate problem, he says: "We should not ignore it." In theory, a flu pandemic could occur at any time, but they are still rare events. Pandemics happen if a new strain emerges that can easily spread from person to person. Although flu viruses are constantly changing - which is why the flu vaccine also needs to change regularly to keep up - they do not usually go pandemic. Prof James Wood, head of the Department of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Cambridge, said the work "comes as a salutary reminder" that we are constantly at risk of new emergence of pathogens, and that farmed animals, with which humans have greater contact than with wildlife, may act as the source for important pandemic viruses. A World Health Organization spokeswoman said: "Eurasian avian-like swine influenza virus are known to be circulating in the swine population in Asia and to be able to infect humans sporadically. Twice a year during the influenza vaccine composition meetings, all information on the viruses is reviewed and the need for new candidate vaccine viruses is discussed. We will carefully read the paper to understand what is new. "It also highlights that we cannot let down our guard on influenza; we need to be vigilant and continue surveillance even during the COVID-19 pandemic."

বিজ্ঞানীরা চীনে নতুন এক ফ্লু ভাইরাস চিহ্ণিত করেছেন যেটির মহামারিতে রূপ নেবার সম্ভাবনা রয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Judith BurnsEducation reporter Signed "an Englishman", this piece of hate mail was sent to votes-for-women campaigner Emily Wilding Davison as she lay dying in hospital in June 1913. Days earlier, she had been trampled by the King's horse after ducking on to the track in a protest at the Epsom Derby. She never regained consciousness and her death on 8 June is regarded as a key point in the votes-for-women campaign. The letter is among hundreds of rarely seen documents made accessible to students on a new free online course, marking 100 years since the first women gained the right to vote in the UK. The course timing is "hugely appropriate", and the content "so relevant" given current debates on the gender pay-gap and sexual harassment, says its leader Claire Kennan of Royal Holloway, University of London. The letter shows today's trolling of female academics, MPs and other public figures is nothing new, she says. "It just so happens that now this is done on social media platforms rather than through letters. "There are so many parallels here." The 100-year-old votes for women posters New coin marks 100 years of voting "The idea is that we wanted to take the learners on a journey with me as I go and discover of history of the women's suffrage movement," says Mrs Kennan. "It's not just sitting listening to a video of a lecture, there are very short sharp documentary-style interviews - which makes it accessible and a lot more interesting and engaging than a traditional course." Students will learn about the "splits and splinters" in the suffrage movement, with many organisations preferring peaceful campaigning and rejecting the "deeds not words" approach adopted by Emily Wilding Davison and her allies in the Women's Social and Political Union, led by Emmeline Pankhurst. "Without the militant action we probably wouldn't have got the vote as early but we mustn't forget the peaceful constitutional methods of protest," says Mrs Kennan. Documents from the National Archive at Kew detail how the state kept tabs on the suffrage campaigns, the protests and the attacks on property. Windows were smashed, telegraph wires cut and chemical bombs put in letter boxes. There was even a bomb at St Paul's Cathedral which failed to go off. There are the official records of the costs of repairs, as well police arrest lists and first-hand accounts of the violent force-feeding of women protesters who went on hunger strike in prison. There's also access to the London School of Economics Women's Library collection, which holds the personal effects that Emily Wilding Davison had on her on Derby Day, including her race programme and her return train ticket. And another letter, sent to Emily while she was in hospital, this time from her mother. "I feel I must write to you. I am in a terrible state of mind at the news which reached me last evening. "I cannot realise that you could have done such a dreadful act, even for the cause which I know you have given up your whole heart and soul to - and it has done so little in return for you. It is signed: "Oceans of love, Mother." But Emily was never able to read it. The 1918 Act Students can also look at copies of the 1918 Representation of the People Bill, which proposed granting the right to vote to property-owning women over 30, as it went through Parliament. "They were literally sticking these amendments in by hand and working out what the Act would say," says Mrs Kennan. She found putting the course together "incredibly eye-opening". It showed her "just how much my predecessors have done". A long battle The first mass petition backing votes for women was presented to Parliament in 1866. But it took until 6 February 1918 for the law to change for some women, and only in 1928 did women finally gain equal voting rights with men. Nancy Astor was the first female MP to take her seat in the House of Commons in December 1919. The archive shows male MPs did not make her particularly welcome - but very slowly, Parliament began to take issues important to women into account, says Mrs Kennan. "Things like the tampon tax are now discussed in Parliament, issues around childcare... but there's still a way to go." She hopes the three-week course will attract a wide range of people, including those who might not otherwise consider higher education. "It's so important that we encourage a dialogue about the history of women's rights. "It's not something that's taught widely... charting the process of protest, liberty and reform, women's rights, workers' rights and minority rights." And there's a message in the history of the long struggle for votes for women for today's equal rights campaigners, she says. "Don't give up... It's been a long battle and there's still a way to go... but we have come a long way and that's why we need to remember these women." Beyond the Ballot: Women's Rights and Suffrage from 1866 to Today, from Royal Holloway University of London, in partnership with UK Parliament, starts on Monday February 5 on the FutureLearn platform.

"তুমি যে হাসপাতালে সেটা শুনে খুব প্রীত হলাম। আমৃত্যু যেন তুমি যন্ত্রণা ভোগ কর সেটাই কামনা করি, নির্বোধ কোথাকার!"

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

He was viewed by his subjects as a stabilising influence in a country that saw numerous military coups during his reign. Despite being seen as a benign father figure who remained above politics, he also intervened at times of heightened political tension. And although he was a constitutional monarch with limited powers, most Thais regarded him as semi-divine. Bhumibol Adulyadej was born in Cambridge in the US state of Massachusetts on 5 December 1927. His father, Prince Mahidol Adulyadej, was studying at Harvard when his son was born. The family later returned to Thailand, where his father died when he was just two years old. His mother then moved to Switzerland, where the young prince was educated. As a young man he enjoyed cultured pursuits, including photography, playing and composing songs for the saxophone, painting and writing. The status of the Thai monarchy had been in decline since the abolition of its absolute rule in 1932, and there was a further blow when his uncle, King Prajadhipok, abdicated in 1935. The throne passed to Bhumibol's brother, Ananda, who was just nine years old. Figurehead In 1946, King Ananda died in what remains an unexplained shooting accident at his palace in Bangkok. Bhumibol acceded to the throne when he was 18 years old. His early years as king saw Thailand ruled by a regent, as he returned to his studies in Switzerland. While on a visit to Paris he met his future wife, Sirikit, daughter of the Thai ambassador to France. The couple married on 28 April 1950, just a week before the new monarch was crowned in Bangkok. For the first seven years of his reign, Thailand was ruled as a military dictatorship and the monarch was little more than a figurehead. In September 1957, Gen Sarit Dhanarajata seized power. The king issued a proclamation naming Sarit, military defender of the capital. Under Sarit's dictatorship, Bhumibol set about revitalising the monarchy. He embarked on a series of tours in the provinces, and lent his name to a number of developments, particularly in agriculture. For his part, Sarit reinstated the custom that people crawled on their hands and knees in front of the monarch. and restored a number of royal ceremonial occasions that had fallen into disuse. Overthrow Bhumibol dramatically intervened in Thai politics in 1973 when pro-democracy demonstrators were fired on by soldiers. The protesters were allowed to shelter in the palace, a move which led to the collapse of the administration of then-prime minister, Gen Thanom Kittikachorn. But the king failed to prevent the lynching of left-wing students by paramilitary vigilantes three years later, at a time when the monarchy feared the growth of communist sympathies after the end of the Vietnam War. There were to be further attempts to overthrow the government. In 1981, the king stood up to a group of army officers who had staged a coup against then prime minister, Prem Tinsulanond. The rebels succeeded in occupying Bangkok until units loyal to the king retook it. However, the tendency of the king to side with the government in power caused some Thais to question his impartiality. Bhumibol intervened again in 1992, when dozens of demonstrators were shot after protesting against an attempt by a former coup leader, Gen Suchinda Kraprayoon, to become prime minister. The king called Suchinda, and the pro-democracy leader, Chamlong Srimuang, to appear in front of him, both on their knees as demanded by royal protocol. Suchinda resigned and subsequent elections saw the return of a democratic, civilian government. During the crisis that erupted over the leadership of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra in 2006, the king was frequently asked to intervene but insisted this would be inappropriate. However, his influence was still viewed as pivotal when the election Mr Thaksin had won that April, was annulled by the courts. Mr Thaksin was eventually deposed in a bloodless coup, in which the military pledged their allegiance to the king. In the years that followed, the king's name and image were invoked by factions both for and against Mr Thaksin, as they jostled for power. The entire country joined lavish celebrations to mark King Bhumibol's 80th birthday in 2008, reflecting his unique status in Thai society. Reverence Gen Prayuth Chan-ocha seized power in a coup in May 2014 and was made prime minister by the military-appointed parliament a few months later. He promised far-reaching political reforms to prevent a return to the instability of recent years. But critics suspected his real priority was to destroy the party of Mr Thaksin and to ensure that the royal succession took place smoothly. The public reverence for King Bhumibol was genuine but it was also carefully nurtured by a formidable public relations machine at the palace. There were harsh "lese-majeste" laws that punished any criticism of the monarchy and which restricted the ability of foreign and domestic media to fully report on the king. During his long reign, King Bhumibol Adulyadej was faced with a country continually racked by political upheaval. It said much for his skills as a diplomat, and his ability to reach out to ordinary people in Thailand, that his death leaves the country's monarchy far stronger than it was at his accession.

থাইল্যান্ডের রাজা ভূমিবল আদুলিয়াদে ছিলেন বিশ্বে সবচেয়ে দীর্ঘদিন সিংহাসনে থাকা রাজা।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The social media giant said the number of people who logged into its site at least once a month jumped 9% last year to 2.32 billion people. Fears the firm's scandals could put off advertisers also proved unfounded with annual revenues up 30% on last year. The rise came despite campaigns which urged people to shun the tech giant. Founder Mark Zuckerberg said the firm had "fundamentally changed how we run the company to focus on the biggest social issues". The strong financial performance comes amid continuing concerns over how the social media firm handles users' personal data and privacy after the Cambridge Analytica data sharing scandal and fears the network has been used as a political tool. The company's shares have lost almost a third of their value since July when it warned about slowing revenue growth and they remain near a two-year low. But they jumped over 9% in after-hours trading after profit and revenue beat analyst forecasts. Facebook's total profit for 2018 was $22.1bn (£16.9bn), up 39% on 2017. User growth was particularly strong in India, Indonesia and the Philippines, but flat in the US and Canada. The mind boggles. In 2018 Facebook saw the Cambridge Analytica scandal, political manipulation, fake news, data breaches and accusations of deeply unethical behaviour. Despite this, profits are up by almost 40%. Facebook isn't just surviving, it's thriving. In the face of severe turbulence, Mark Zuckerberg's company has proven to be resilient. But while users appear to be turning a blind eye, the same won't be said for regulators - Facebook knows huge fines are likely coming its way. The question is how damaging those fines will be, and what other measures might be put in place that might clip the wings of a company that many lawmakers feel is too powerful. George Salmon, analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown, said Facebook's revenue growth in the final three months of the year was its weakest since the firm listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange in 2012, but said the figures were still "reassuring". "Only time will tell if Mark Zuckerberg's ambitious plans to revolutionise Facebook pay off, but these results will go a long way towards regaining the trust of Wall Street - analysts had been jittery after a tumultuous 2018 which included the trials and tribulations of the Cambridge Analytica scandal and a reset on strategy," he added.

ক্ষতিকর কন্টেন্ট ছড়ানোতে ভূমিকা রাখা এবং তথ্যের গোপনীয়তা রক্ষা না করা সংক্রান্ত কেলেঙ্কারি সত্ত্বেও গতবছর ফেসবুক ব্যবহারকারীর সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পেয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Mary HaltonBBC News, science reporter UN figures indicate that 80% of people displaced by climate change are women. Roles as primary caregivers and providers of food and fuel make them more vulnerable when flooding and drought occur. The 2015 Paris Agreement has made specific provision for the empowerment of women, recognising that they are disproportionately impacted. In central Africa, where up to 90% of Lake Chad has disappeared, nomadic indigenous groups are particularly at risk. As the lake's shoreline recedes, women have to walk much further to collect water. "In the dry season, men go to the towns... leaving women to look after the community," explains Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, coordinator of the Association of Indigenous Women and People of Chad (AFPAT). With dry seasons now becoming longer, women are working harder to feed and care for their families without support. "They become more vulnerable... it's very hard work," Ibrahim recently told the BBC's 100 Women initiative. A global problem It is not just women in rural areas who are affected. Globally, women are more likely to experience poverty, and to have less socioeconomic power than men. This makes it difficult to recover from disasters which affect infrastructure, jobs and housing. After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, African American women were among the worst affected by flooding in Louisiana. As sea levels rise, low-lying cities like New Orleans will be increasingly at risk. "In New Orleans, there was much higher poverty among the African American population before Katrina," says Jacquelyn Litt, professor of women's and gender studies at Rutgers University. "More than half the poor families in the city were headed by single mothers," she told BBC News. "[They] are reliant on interdependent community networks for their everyday survival and resources. The displacement that happened after Katrina essentially eroded those networks. It places women and their children at much greater risk." In the immediate aftermath of extreme events, emergency shelters can be inadequately equipped to support women. The Superdome, in which evacuees were temporarily housed after Hurricane Katrina, didn't have enough sanitary products for the women accommodated there. Increased incidences of violence against women, including sexual assault and rape, have also been documented in the wake of disasters. 'Natural' disasters? Much as climate change is accelerated by human behaviours, the impact of weather and climate events is influenced by societal structures. Disasters do not affect all people equally. In the wake of the 2004 tsunami, an Oxfam report found that surviving men outnumbered women by almost 3:1 in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and India. While no one cause was clear, there were similar patterns across the region. Men were more likely to be able to swim, and women lost precious evacuation time trying to look after children and other relatives. Another study spanning 20 years noted that catastrophic events lowered women's life expectancy more than men; more women were being killed, or they were being killed younger. In countries where women had greater socioeconomic power, the difference reduced. Half the world In recognition of this vast disparity, governments and organisations working on climate change are gradually moving to include women's voices in policy and planning. The UN has highlighted the need for gender sensitive responses to the impacts of climate change, yet the average representation of women in national and global climate negotiating bodies is below 30%. The numbers don't improve at the local level. "Women are often not involved in the decisions made about the responses to climate change, so the money ends up going to the men rather than the women," environmental scientist Diana Liverman told the BBC's Science in Action programme on the World Service this week. As an author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), whose reports influence climate change policy, Liverman has been monitoring the numbers of women involved. Twenty-five percent of those nominated to participate in the next report are women. "IPCC has been very receptive to this and is actually discussing how they can support women better," explains Liverman. "Women are half the world. It's important they participate in all major decisions," "Climate change is not a fight for power," points out Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, "it's a fight for survival."

জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনে পুরুষদের তুলনায় নারীরা বেশি ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হচ্ছেন বলে সম্প্রতি একটি গবেষণায় বেরিয়ে এসেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The reasons for the arrests were not clear, but activists say authorities are attempting to silence the women. The kingdom's state news channel reported that they had been arrested for contacts with a foreign power. Saudi Arabia has strict laws requiring women to seek male permission for various decisions and actions. Who are the activists detained? Seven people in total have been detained, including two male activists. They include Loujain al-Hathloul and Eman al-Nafjan, who have all publicly opposed the driving ban, which is due to be lifted on 24 June. According to Human Rights Watch, both Ms Nafjan and Ms Hathloul signed a petition in 2016 to abolish the male guardianship system, which prevents women from travelling abroad, marrying or obtaining a passport without the permission of a male guardian. Ms Hathloul has been detained twice already, once in 2014 when she attempted to drive across the border from the United Arab Emirates. She served 73 days at a juvenile detention centre as a result, and documented many of her experiences on Twitter. She was detained briefly again in June 2017 when she arrived at Dammam airport, in the east of Saudi Arabia, but was released several days later. The Saudi activist was ranked third in 2015's list of most powerful Arab women in the world, and has appeared alongside high-profile figures, such as the Duchess of Sussex, Meghan Markle, at the One Young World summit in 2016 for young leaders. Ms Nafjan also hit the headlines in 2013 when she filmed another female activist driving through the Saudi capital, before she was stopped by police. Ms Nafjan was released, but refused to sign a pledge that she would not drive again. What happened to them? Human Rights Watch says they were all rounded up on 15 May but the authorities have not given a reason for the arrests. The rights group says the activists had received phone calls from the royal court last September warning them "not to speak to the media". "The calls were made the same day the authorities announced that they would lift the driving ban on women," it said in a statement. "It appears the only 'crime' these activists committed was wanting women to drive before Mohammed bin Salman did," Human Rights Watch's Middle East director, Sarah Leah Whitson, said. Is Saudi Arabia really opening up? Saudi Arabia lifted the driving ban on women in September last year, with the reform set to come into effect next month. It is one of a number of recent reforms in the country credited to 32-year-old Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who has spearheaded the Vision 2030 programme to diversify the economy away from oil and open up Saudi society. His reforms will also allow women to start a business without express permission from a man. But the changes have not been uneventful. In November last year, dozens of high-profile princes, businessmen and former and serving ministers were rounded up in an anti-corruption drive seen by many as a purge by the crown prince.

সৌদি আরবে নারীদের গাড়ি চালানোর অধিকার দেয়ার কয়েক সপ্তাহ আগে কর্তৃপক্ষ বেশ কয়েকজন নারী অধিকার কর্মীকে গ্রেফতার করেছে বলে জানা যাচ্ছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The conversation also included a discussion about the ongoing opposition protests in Russia. A Kremlin statement did not refer to any points of friction, saying the call was "businesslike and frank". Both sides reportedly agreed to extend the countries' last remaining nuclear deal during the call. Former US President Donald Trump sometimes undercut his own administration's tough posture on Russia and was accused by some of being too deferential to Mr Putin. But Mr Trump's predecessor Barack Obama - under whom Mr Biden served as vice-president - was also criticised for failing to check Russia as it annexed Crimea, supported rebel forces in eastern Ukraine and backed the government of warn-torn Syria. What did the White House and Kremlin say? "President Biden made clear that the United States will act firmly in defence of its national interests in response to actions by Russia that harm us or our allies," the White House said in a statement, referencing the main talking points of Tuesday afternoon's call but listing no further details. The US said that the two presidents also discussed the massive SolarWinds cyber-attack, which has been blamed on Moscow; reports that the Kremlin placed bounties on US soldiers in Afghanistan; and the poisoning of Russian opposition activist Alexei Navalny. The Kremlin statement about the call said their president had "noted that the normalisation of relations between Russia and the United States would meet the interests of both countries and - taking into account their special responsibility for maintaining security and stability in the world - of the entire international community". The leaders also discussed the New Start treaty, an Obama-era accord that limits the amounts of warheads, missiles and launchers in the two countries' nuclear arsenals. It had been due to expire on 5 February, but both sides reportedly agreed to extend the treaty during Tuesday's call. The Trump administration, however, had refused to sign it and talks over an extension stalled. On Wednesday, Russia's parliament ratified a five-year extension of the treaty. Mr Putin said the move was a "step in the right direction" to reducing global tensions. Biden doesn't want a confrontation Joe Biden had indicated he would be tougher on Vladimir Putin than Donald Trump, who refused to take on the Kremlin and frequently cast doubt on Russian interference in the 2016 elections. On that matter Mr Biden made his sharpest break with Mr Trump, reportedly telling Mr Putin that he knew Russia had tried to meddle in both the 2016 and 2020 elections. He also warned the Russian president that the US was ready to defend itself against cyber-espionage, and any other attacks. Despite Mr Trump's conciliatory approach, the Kremlin did not benefit from his presidency, because his administration heavily sanctioned Russians for issues ranging from Ukraine to attacks on dissidents. Joe Biden and his foreign policy team will take a robust position on human rights and Mr Putin's intentions in Europe. But they are not looking for a confrontation. Rather, they hope to manage relations and co-operate where possible. In that vein, the two presidents agreed to work at completing the extension of the New Start arms control treaty before it expires next month. What does the New Start treaty actually do? The treaty, signed in 2010, limits each side to 1,550 long-range nuclear warheads, a lower number than under the previous deal. Each country is allowed, in total, no more than 700 deployed intercontinental ballistic missiles, submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and heavy bombers equipped for nuclear arms. Another 100 are allowed if they are not operationally deployed - for example, missiles removed from a sub undergoing a long-term overhaul. Again, this is a significant reduction from the original treaty. You may also be interested in:

ভ্লাদিমির পুতিনের সাথে প্রথম ফোনালাপে জো বাইডেন আমেরিকার নির্বাচনে রাশিয়ার হস্তক্ষেপের ব্যাপারে সতর্ক করে দিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

"If a deal is impossible, and no-one wants no deal, then who will finally have the courage to say what the only positive solution is?" he tweeted. MPs voted by 432 votes to 202 to reject the deal, which sets out the terms of Britain's exit from the EU on 29 March. Other EU officials and politicians reacted with dismay to the result. It was the largest defeat for a sitting government in history, with 118 of the votes against coming from Prime Minister Theresa May's own Conservative Party. It has cast more doubt on the Brexit process, and the leader of the opposition Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn, has tabled a vote of no confidence in the government. As well as Mr Tusk's tweet, there has been plenty of comment on Tuesday's vote from across Europe. Here are the key quotes: European Union European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker warned that time was running out for the UK to strike a deal. "I urge the United Kingdom to clarify its intentions as soon as possible. Time is almost up," he said shortly after the result was announced. "The risk of a disorderly withdrawal of the United Kingdom has increased with this evening's vote," he added. The EU's chief Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier said he "profoundly" regretted the vote. "An orderly withdrawal will remain our absolute priority in the coming weeks," he told the European Parliament in Strasbourg. He added that there would be a favourable response if Mrs May were prepared to rethink her position on issues like the single market and customs union. Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel said there was still time to negotiate but "we're now waiting on what the prime minister proposes". Finance Minister and Vice Chancellor Olaf Scholz said Tuesday was a "bitter day for Europe". "We are well prepared, but a hard Brexit would be the least attractive choice, for the EU and [UK]," he said. Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, the leader of the ruling Christian Democrat Union party, echoed this view. "A hard Brexit will be the worst of all options," she said. France "The pressure is mainly on them," French President Emmanuel Macron said of the UK. He said a transition period was essential because a no-deal Brexit would be damaging. "We will have to negotiate a transition period with them because the British cannot afford to no longer have planes taking off or landing at home," he said. Later a presidential source said France was stepping up preparations for a "no-deal" Brexit. Republic of Ireland Prime Minister Leo Varadkar said that the Republic was also now preparing for a no-deal Brexit but would work hard to avoid it because it "would not protect the peace in Northern Ireland". But he said the ball was now in the UK government's court to find a solution. "We understand the PM will now consult with other parties and other political leaders on an agreed way forward we welcome that," he said. "The onus is on Westminster to come up with solutions that they can support but they must be solutions that the European Union and Ireland can accept." Meanwhile Foreign Minister Simon Coveney ruled out any alternative to the agreement reached with the UK over the Irish border. "We're not going to allow physical border infrastructure to reappear," he told national broadcaster RTE.

ব্রেক্সিট চুক্তি বিষয়ে ব্রিটিশ প্রধানমন্ত্রী বরিস জনসন যে প্রস্তাব দিয়েছেন তাতে ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন সন্তুষ্ট নয় বলে জানিয়েছেন ইউরোপিয়ান কাউন্সিলের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড টুস্ক।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The Russians were allegedly attempting to gather data on US intelligence programs, according to the New York Times and Washington Post. Israeli agents made the discovery after breaching the software themselves. Kaspersky has said it was neither involved in nor aware of the situation and denies collusion with authorities. Last month, the US government decided to stop using the Russian firm's software on its computers. The Israelis are said to have notified the US, which led to the ban on Kaspersky programs. The New York Times said that the situation had been described by "multiple people who have been briefed on the matter". Integrity 'fundamental' Classified documents are reported to have been stolen from the home computer of a US National Security Agency (NSA) employee who installed Kaspersky's antivirus software. The NSA, the White House and the Israeli embassy in Washington have not commented on the matter. The New York Times said that the Russian embassy had not responded to a request for comment. Kaspersky has published a statement saying that it was not involved in and does not have knowledge of the situation. "As the integrity of our products is fundamental to our business, Kaspersky Lab patches any vulnerabilities it identifies or that are reported to the company," the statement said. "Kaspersky Lab reiterates its willingness to work alongside US authorities to address any concerns they may have about its products as well as its systems, and respectfully requests any relevant, verifiable information that would enable the company to begin an investigation at the earliest opportunity." The firm added that it has never helped, nor would help, governments in matters of cyber-espionage.

মার্কিন সংবাদমাধ্যম জানিয়েছে, দুবছর আগে রাশিয়ান হ্যাকাররা যখন ক্যাসপারস্কি সাইবার সিকিওরিটি সফটওয়্যারের গোপনীয়তা ভেদ করছিল, তখন ইসরায়েলি গোয়েন্দারা নীরব দর্শক হয়ে ছিল।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Dr Oyinlola OyebodeUniversity of Warwick Many find resolutions like cutting back on unhealthy snacks or taking part in a weekend fitness class easier when friends and family are making the same changes. However, not all decisions affecting our health are intentional, as we copy the behaviour of friends, colleagues and family who we relate to and admire. Unfortunately, we also imitate habits that are bad for our health, like smoking or eating too much. This phenomenon means non-contagious conditions like heart disease, strokes and cancer can appear to spread from person to person like an infection. Can your friends make you obese? People whom we value and are in regular contact with, form our social network. The Framingham Heart Study has studied the power of social networks since the late 1940s, by tracking three generations of residents in Framingham, a Massachusetts city. The research indicated a person was far more likely to become obese if someone in their circle had also become obese. It suggested they were 57% more likely if it was a friend, 40% if it was a sibling, and 37% if it was their spouse. The effect was more pronounced if the two people were of the same gender, and was linked to how strongly the individual felt about the other person. For example, the Framingham study indicated a person's weight was not affected by that of a neighbour they saw daily if they didn't have a close relationship. In unbalanced friendships, the person who saw the friendship as important was more likely to put on weight if their "friend" did, but not the other way around. The level of divorce, smoking and alcohol drinking also appeared to spread via friends and family. These findings are important. Although we are affected by ageing and can be predisposed to certain conditions, our risk of developing the most common non-infectious diseases is significantly increased by certain behaviours: These non-infectious conditions - including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and lung disease - cause seven out of every 10 deaths globally and nearly 90% of all deaths in the UK. Emotions are catching Social networks may also affect our behaviour and mood. Perhaps unsurprisingly, smoking in teenagers may be influenced by popularity. When popular adolescents smoke, overall levels of smoking increase and the number of people who quit falls. Separately, young people whose friends suffered from low mood were found to be more likely to develop low mood themselves and vice versa. These symptoms didn't amount to clinical depression, which was not found to spread. But low mood is known to affect teenagers' quality of life and can sometimes lead to greater risk of clinical depression later on. The idea that emotions are catching is backed up by a controversial experiment secretly conducted on almost 700,000 Facebook users. The experiment selectively filtered what could be seen on users' news feeds, which use an algorithm to show relevant posts from their Facebook friends. Two parallel experiments were conducted; one reduced users' exposure to posts displaying positive emotion, while the other reduced exposure to posts featuring negative emotion. Users who encountered positive posts were more likely to post positively themselves, and vice versa. This suggests emotions may spread through online social networks, despite a lack of face-to-face interaction or body language cues. One criticism levelled at studies of our social networks is that we become friends with people who already have similar traits to us or are in a similar situation. But many studies try to account for this theory, known as social contagion. More like this Social butterflies If we copy the behaviour of friends and family, how can we harness this trait for good? Dry January and Veganuary - which encourage people to give up alcohol or go vegan - are high-profile examples of collective attempts to become healthier. Stoptober, which encourages people in England to stop smoking in October, is another well-known example of a group lifestyle change. The initiative, based on the spread of behaviour through social networks, has been hugely successful since it began in 2012. It is thought to have prompted more than a million attempts to quit, suggesting a single big collective push may boost rates of people stopping more than constant low level messaging throughout the year. You are 57%more likely to become obese if your friend does and 40%more likely if your sibling does, a landmark study found 7 out of 10deaths worldwide are caused by non-infectious diseases ...and 9 out of 10UK deaths While Stoptober is a big success story, high-profile health campaigns aren't effective on everybody. Traditional health messaging can make health inequalities bigger, because not everyone is in a position to take the advice that is given. Often it works on only the healthiest people; those who prioritise their health, and have the education, finances and social support that allows them to change their behaviour. However, even those who are not "health-conscious" are influenced by the behaviour of those they regularly interact with and care about. If we want to improve the health of the whole population, it may be helpful to target "social butterflies". These influential individuals, who are the lynchpins of their social networks, are more likely to share experiences, interact with lots of people and be admired by others. Further investigation into how behaviour spreads could help the government and the NHS do more to increase healthy behaviour - reducing future suffering and death from non-infectious disease. About this piece This analysis piece was commissioned by the BBC from an expert working for an outside organisation. Dr Oyinlola Oyebode is associate professor at the University of Warwick Medical School. Edited by Eleanor Lawrie

বছরের শুরুতে অনেকে ওজন কমাতে প্রতিজ্ঞা করেন, শুরু করেন ডায়েট এবং শরীর চর্চা।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The country now has the second-largest number of confirmed cases in the world, 4,204,613. It has reported 71,642 deaths, the third-highest in the world. The surge in reported infections has mostly come from five states. The rise comes as the government continues to lift restrictions to try to boost an economy that lost millions of jobs when the virus hit in March. For the last seven days India's caseload has galloped, adding more than 75,000 daily infections per day. More than 60% of the active cases are coming from the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state. Cases have also begun spiking in the capital, Delhi, as well, with more than 3,200 infections recorded on Sunday, the city's highest in more than two months. An upsurge of Covid-19 in many rural areas has also led to an uptick in numbers. The virus has struck a remote tribe in India's Andamans islands, with 10 members of the Greater Andamanese testing positive over the past month. The rise in cases is also partly a reflection of increased testing - the number of daily tests conducted across the country has risen to more than a million. Although India has a low death rate from the disease, nearly 1,000 deaths have been recorded every day from across the country for the last seven days. In early August India became the third country in the world to pass two million cases. India went into a stringent lockdown in March in an effort to curb the spread of the coronavirus, whose numbers were only in the hundreds then. It began to ease out of it in phases in June to promote economic activity, even as cases continued to spike. The pandemic and the lockdown caused massive disruptions to economic activity during the quarter. India's economy shrank by 23.9% in the three months to the end of June, the worst slump since the country started releasing quarterly data in 1996.

গত ২৪ ঘণ্টায় নতুন করে ৯০ হাজার কোভিড-১৯ রোগী শনাক্তের পর করোনাভাইরাস সংক্রমণের দিক থেকে ব্রাজিলকে ছাড়িয়ে গেছে ভারত।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The "festival of the breaking of the fast" begins when the moon rises on the final day of Ramadan, a holy month of fasting. The timing varies from country to country, with some following the moonrise in Mecca and others using local sightings. After a sighting of the first crescent of the new moon, a three-day festival is held in celebration. All images copyright.

রোজার মাস শেষে মুসলিমদের সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ধর্মীয় উৎসব ঈদ-উল-ফিতর উদযাপিত হয়।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Around 100 people tried to leave the Polytechnic University, but were met with tear gas and rubber bullets. In the past week, the campus has turned into a battleground as long-running anti-government protests become more violent. A small number managed to successfully leave the campus using rope ladders before being picked up by motorcycles. Hong Kong's Hospital Authority says 116 people have been injured and taken to hospital. The violence is some of the worst seen during months of unrest in the semi-autonomous Chinese territory. The protests started over a controversial extradition bill, and have now evolved into broader anti-government demonstrations. China has warned that "no-one should underestimate [its] will to safeguard its sovereignty and Hong Kong's stability", and its ambassador to the UK said the central government would not sit back and watch if the situation became "uncontrollable". Hong Kong is a part of China, and the protests are, in part, about the fear that the special freedoms the territory enjoys as a former British colony are being eroded. Earlier, Hong Kong's High Court ruled that a ban on protesters wearing face masks was unconstitutional. The colonial-era emergency law was invoked in October, but protesters largely defied it. Hong Kong's government said the weekend's events had "reduced the chance" of district elections being held on Sunday as planned, public broadcaster RTHK reports. Postponing or cancelling the vote could further inflame the protests. The UK has urged an "end to the violence and for all sides to engage in meaningful political dialogue" ahead of the elections. What is happening? Police are still besieging the university where several hundred protesters are thought to be trapped. Officers have ordered those inside to drop their weapons and surrender. A protester inside the university told the BBC supplies, including first aid equipment, were running low. Meanwhile, a fire broke out on campus and loud explosions were heard, according to the South China Morning Post. PolyU has been occupied by protesters for several days. On Sunday night, police warned protesters they had until 22:00 (14:00 GMT) to leave the campus, saying they could use live ammunition if the attacks continued. On Sunday, the university said it had been "severely and extensively vandalised". A number of protesters left inside in the university have identified themselves as current students in media interviews but it is unclear exactly how many of them are, in fact, university students. Tears and pride By Grace Tsoi, BBC News, Hong Kong Worried parents whose children were trapped inside the Polytechnic University were among the 200 protesters who joined a peaceful rally on Monday night in eastern Tsim Sha Tsui, a tourist area which is only 300 metres away from the besieged campus. Ms Ng - who only wanted to be identified by her last name - found out on Sunday night her son was among those trapped inside. "He's frightened because he has not faced any emergency situation on his own. She has been on the streets near the university since then. The teary-eyed mother is proud of her 18-year-old son despite the circumstances. "My son didn't cry. He's strong and likes to help others," she said. "I told my son that you did nothing wrong and you are an outstanding kid. I wouldn't blame you." She told him to stay inside the campus and wait for her to pick him up. Ms Ng said the government should bear the responsibility for the chaos in Hong Kong. "Our government is more and more reckless. It ignores the very lowly demands from the citizens!" she said. "I wasn't born in Hong Kong but I love Hong Kong so much! Hong Kong is a wonderful place but it has turned into such a state. It breaks my heart!" How did we get here? Campuses remained relatively free of violence during the Hong Kong protests but, last week, the Chinese University of Hong Kong became a battleground. Police say protesters threw petrol bombs on a major road near the university in an effort to stop traffic. Officers attempted to reclaim the road, leading to major clashes. The university then cancelled all classes for the rest of the term. Days later, protesters at PolyU also tried to block access to a key tunnel near the university. Protests have also been held at other locations in Hong Kong. Why are there protests in Hong Kong? Hong Kong - a British colony until 1997 - is part of China under a model known as "one country, two systems". Under this model, it has a high degree of autonomy and people have freedoms unseen in mainland China. The protests started in June after the government planned to pass a bill that would allow suspects to be extradited to mainland China. Many feared this would undermine the city's freedoms and judicial independence. The bill was eventually withdrawn, but the demonstrations continued, having evolved into a broader protest movement against alleged police brutality, and the way Hong Kong is administered by Beijing.

হংকংএ পুলিশের ঘিরে রাখা একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ক্যাম্পাস থেকে গণতন্ত্রপন্থী বিক্ষোভকারীরা পালানোর চেষ্টা করার সময় তাদের বেশ কয়েকজনকে গ্রেফতার করেছে পুলিশ।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Charlie JonesBBC News For nine-year-old Verity, the unboxing videos have been a great way to work out which toys she really wants this Christmas. In these videos, children, or in some cases just a pair of hands, take toys out of their packaging and play with them. Verity particularly likes watching Shopkins, Lego and Harry Potter toys being opened on YouTube, which is the main platform for this type of content. "It gives you more information than just seeing an advert. It's more interesting because these videos give you more details about how something works and then they show you how it works." Verity, who lives in St Albans in Hertfordshire, also likes to make her own videos, but only for family and friends to watch. "I don't want everybody to see them because they might make fun of them and make bad comments," she says. "People can be mean." Ryan Kaji was among the first children to start making these videos in the US in 2015, when he was four years old. An early clip, in which he opened up a giant egg with more than 100 items inside, has been viewed more than a billion times. Ryan was the highest paid YouTube star of last year, when he earned more than £17m, mainly through partnerships with toy firms and his own TV show. Eight-year-old Ava, who lives near Leicester, is hoping to emulate his success. She started her YouTube channel Ava's Toy Show when she was three. A video showing her unboxing and playing with a Barbie house has had more than 8.6 million views. Her mother Lynsey Brown, 36, says Ava has always been a performer and loves filming the videos. "Ava decides which toys to play with and we feel like she is learning a lot from watching her dad edit the videos. Children can relate to her because she's very down to earth." Ava donates all of the toys to local charities, including a special needs school, and is "very aware" many of her followers, lots of whom live in the Philippines. are not as fortunate as her. "As a parent, it is so frustrating when you spend a fortune on a toy that turns out to be rubbish, so hopefully we can help people decide what presents are actually worth buying this Christmas," she says. Cambridge University research associate Dave Neale, who studies early-years play, believes these videos can have a positive impact if they encourage children to play with toys, and explore them more deeply. "Playing is a vital part of early development, it teaches us language skills and emotional regulation, how to share, and the interaction is a bonding experience, so anything that encourages play is essentially a good thing," he says. However, he is concerned about the lack of interaction and socialising involved. "When children play with toys they are problem-solving and being creative, figuring out how the toy works, or what other things they can do with the toy and that becomes a reward. Watching these videos just gives them the last bit without the other parts. It is a more shallow engagement." Mother-of-three Emma Connell-Smith, from Tattingstone in Suffolk, does not like the effect these videos have on her seven-year-old twin boys Oliver and Thomas. "The toys are very expensive and it makes children feel inadequate if they can't have them all," she says. "I also don't like the fact that these videos are so long and children seem unable to tear themselves away." Her three-year-old daughter Tilly has also asked to watch them, but Mrs Connell-Smith has decided not to let her. "The toy videos aimed at younger children often use baby language, and the toddler when watching this repeats this language, often forgetting how to use the actual words they have." Emma Worrollo, who has two children and writes about child culture and play, believes this type of content can be addictive, and says the trend is showing no signs of slowing down. "It is capturing the eyeballs of kids around the world who are drawn in by the surprise-and-reveal format," she says. "This content has no narrative, no characters and no ending, which means it is hard for a young child to switch off or engage with it in a meaningful way. The experience is hypnotic and many parents report a negative impact on behaviour when young children view this type of content." In Brazil, where advertising to children is illegal, the public prosecutor's office has filed a lawsuit against YouTube in regard to these videos, accusing the firm of "engaging in abusive advertising practices toward children". In the US, Ryan Kaji, who is now aged eight, was the subject of a recent complaint filed by a watchdog group with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), alleging he was manipulating children who were too young to distinguish between an advert and a review. Google, which owns YouTube, has recently created a new system in which content directed at children must clearly labelled, so the site can turn off targeted adverts. It comes off the back of a settlement with the FTC for violating children's privacy. Here in the UK, a spokesperson for YouTube said it took quick action against any videos that do not declare a paid-for promotion, and videos that do declare this are not available on the YouTube Kids app. However, it has no rules about toys being given to children in exchange for being featured in videos. While toy unboxing videos continue to rack up millions of views, parents need to make up their own minds whether they are a brilliant way of narrowing down that Christmas list or a tool for manipulating their children.

বড়দিন যতই এগিয়ে আসছে, সারা বিশ্বের শিশুরাও বোঝার চেষ্টা করছে উপহারের তালিকায় কোন খেলনাগুলো তাদের রাখা উচিত। অনেকে হয়তো দোকানের তালিকা দেখে নিচ্ছে, কেউ কেউ হয়তো খেলনার দোকান এবং টেলিভিশনে বিজ্ঞাপন দেখে খেলনা বাছাই করার চেষ্টা করছে। আর অনেক শিশু ইন্টারনেটে নানা খেলনার বাক্স খোলা থেকে শুরু করে বর্ণনা দেখে দেখে তাদের সিদ্ধান্ত নিতে চাইছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Many of them are parents with young children seeking a better life away from the violence and lack of opportunities in their home countries. The size of the group has steadily grown from about 1,000 to more than 7,000, according to a United Nations estimate. Observers have described it as "a river of people". Photojournalist Encarni Pindado documented their progress north across the Guatemala-Mexico border. The group left the crime-ridden city of San Pedro Sula in Honduras on 13 October. From there, the migrants walked to Nueva Ocotepeque from where they crossed into Guatemala. Their aim is to reach the United States where they say they want to start a new life away from the criminal gangs which control parts of Honduras. But US President Donald Trump, who campaigned on a promise to curb illegal immigration to the US, said he would not let the caravan cross into the US. He seized on the caravan as an opportunity to rally people to vote for his Republican Party in the forthcoming midterm elections on 6 November. "Every time you see a Caravan, or people illegally coming, or attempting to come, into our Country illegally, think of and blame the Democrats for not giving us the votes to change our pathetic Immigration laws!" he wrote. In another tweet, Mr Trump claimed that "criminals and unknown Middle Easterners are mixed in" the migrant group - without giving any evidence of either. One of the migrants held up a sign reading: "Emigrating is not a crime, let's be free without borders". They walked across Guatemala and arrived at the Mexican border last week. Thousands of them headed for the bridge dividing the two countries. Most of them are from Honduras and some had tied Honduran flags to their backpacks as they got ready to cross into Mexico. Hundreds of Mexican federal police officers and soldiers were waiting for them on the other side. The Mexican authorities had previously said that they would stop those who did not have passports or the correct visas. Border officials started by checking the migrants' documents one at a time, which meant that by the end of the day only 300 people had been allowed to enter and 5,000 more were still waiting at the bridge. Some of the migrants fainted on the crowded border bridge due to the heat and exhaustion after having walked for six days in a row. With those on the Guatemalan side of the bridge growing increasingly frustrated at the wait, tempers flared and the two sides clashed, with some migrants throwing stones and police firing tear gas. Several people were injured and a number of children were separated from their parents in the ensuing melee. This father managed to hold on to his son and carried him in his arms after both had breathed in tear gas. After 36 hours at the border, only 600 people had made it into Mexico via the official checkpoint. Tired of waiting and increasingly worried they might get turned back by Mexican immigration officials, some migrants lowered themselves from the bridge into the river by ropes while others jumped. Some were picked up by fellow migrants on makeshift rafts while others swam across the Suchiate river, which marks the border between Guatemala and Mexico. The relief of those who made it into Mexico was great. They gathered in the main square of Ciudad Hidalgo, the city on the Mexican side of the border, and some danced as local musicians played. Locals have been helping the migrants. Some have dropped off food and clothes at the squares where they have been sleeping and others have given the most vulnerable ones lifts north in their cars to make the journey a little easier. However, catching lifts in overcrowded lorries and SUV can be dangerous. Two Hondurans died falling off the vehicles they had boarded, one in Guatemala and one in Mexico, officials said The migrants have been sleeping wherever they can as they move further north. Their journey to the US-Mexican border is expected to take them weeks. All photos by Encarni Pindado and subject to copyright.

মধ্য আমেরিকার ক'টি দেশ থেকে শত শত মানুষের এক কাফেলা এখন মেক্সিকো অতিক্রম করে মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সীমান্তের দিকে এগিয়ে যাচ্ছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

"The second Arab country to make peace with Israel in 30 days," he tweeted. For decades, most Arab states have boycotted Israel, insisting they would only establish ties after the Palestinian dispute was settled. But last month the United Arab Emirates (UAE) agreed to normalise its relationship with Israel. There had been much speculation that Bahrain might follow suit. Mr Trump, who presented his Middle East peace plan in January aimed at resolving the Israel-Palestinian conflict, helped broker both accords. Bahrain is only the fourth Arab country in the Middle East - after the UAE, Egypt and Jordan - to recognise Israel since its founding in 1948. What have the two sides and Mr Trump said? Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he was "excited" that "another peace agreement" had been reached with another Arab country on Friday. "This is a new era of peace. Peace for peace. Economy for economy. We have invested in peace for many years and now peace will invest in us," he said. This is a diplomatic achievement for President Trump and for his son-in-law Jared Kushner, who largely brokered the agreements with Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. On returning from a recent trip to the Middle East, Mr Kushner told journalists the Trump administration had "unleashed an energy positivity" in the region that was "quite overwhelming." White House bullet points suggest how Mr Trump will be framing his international dealmaker credentials for his election campaign: as a harbinger of Middle East peace and prosperity, with more Arab and Muslim countries likely coming on board to normalise relations with Israel. This will allow Mr Trump to deflect attention from the "Deal of the Century" that he failed to achieve: Israeli-Palestinian peace. That project was widely criticised as heavily slanted in Israel's favour and rejected by the Palestinians. Focusing outward is the Trump administration's way of telling the Palestinians they can no longer dictate the region's relations with Israel. "Another historic breakthrough today!" Mr Trump wrote on Twitter, adding: "Our two GREAT friends Israel and the Kingdom of Bahrain agree to a Peace Deal." The president also posted on Twitter a copy of a joint statement between the three leaders - Mr Trump, Mr Netanyahu and Bahrain's King Hamad bin Isa bin Salman al-Khalifa. "This is a historic breakthrough to further peace in the Middle East" that will "increase stability, security, and prosperity in the region", the statement reads. What has the other reaction been? The UAE welcomed the latest move. The ministry of foreign affairs said it was "another significant and historic achievement which will contribute enormously to the stability and prosperity of the region". However, there was an angry response from Palestinian officials. The Palestinian foreign ministry recalled its ambassador to Bahrain for consultation and a statement from the Palestinian leadership spoke of the "great harm it causes to the inalienable national rights of the Palestinian people and joint Arab action". The Palestinians have long relied on a unified Arab response on the issues of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territory and the acceptance of a Palestinian state. Hamas, the militant Islamist group that controls Gaza, said the move "represents a grave harm to the Palestinian cause". Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, a special adviser on international affairs for the speaker of Iran's parliament, said it was a betrayal of the Palestinian cause, Reuters reports. What's the background? There is a backdrop of the regional rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran in these diplomatic moves. The decades-old feud between them is exacerbated by religious differences. They each follow one of the two main branches of Islam - Iran is largely Shia Muslim, while Saudi Arabia sees itself as the leading Sunni Muslim power. The UAE and Bahrain - both Saudi allies - have shared with Israel worries over Iran, leading to unofficial contacts. Saudi Arabia's response will be watched closely. There is no indication yet it is ready to follow Bahrain and the UAE. Prior to the announcement of the UAE agreement in August - which included the suspension of Israel's controversial plans to annex parts of the occupied West Bank - Israel had had no diplomatic relations with Gulf Arab countries. Last month saw the first official flight from Israel to the UAE, which was seen as a major step in normalising relations. President Trump's son-in-law and senior adviser Jared Kushner, who was on the plane, described the UAE deal as having "the ability to change the whole course of the Middle East". Bahrain last week said it would allow flights between Israel and the UAE to use its airspace. Mr Trump is due to host a ceremony at the White House in Washington next Tuesday for the official signing of the Israel-UAE agreement. In 1999, Mauritania, a member of the Arab League in north-west Africa, established diplomatic relations with Israel - but severed ties in 2010.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প জানিয়েছেন, ইসরায়েল এবং সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দুই দেশের মধ্যে স্বাভাবিক সম্পর্ক স্থাপনে রাজি হয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent, BBC News Their report found fertility rate falls meant nearly half of countries were now facing a "baby bust" - meaning there are insufficient children to maintain their population size. The researchers said the findings were a "huge surprise". And there would be profound consequences for societies with "more grandparents than grandchildren". How big has the fall been? The study, published in the Lancet, followed trends in every country from 1950 to 2017. In 1950, women were having an average of 4.7 children in their lifetime. The fertility rate all but halved to 2.4 children per woman by last year. But that masks huge variation between nations. The fertility rate in Niger, west Africa, is 7.1, but in the Mediterranean island of Cyprus women are having one child, on average. In the UK, the rate is 1.7, similar to most Western European countries. How high does the fertility rate have to be? The total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman gives birth to in their lifetime (it's different to the birth rate which is the number of children born per thousand people each year). Whenever a country's rate drops below approximately 2.1 then populations will eventually start to shrink (this "baby bust" figure is significantly higher in countries which have high rates of death in childhood). At the start of the study, in 1950, there were zero nations in this position. Prof Christopher Murray, the director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, told the BBC: "We've reached this watershed where half of countries have fertility rates below the replacement level, so if nothing happens the populations will decline in those countries. "It's a remarkable transition. "It's a surprise even to people like myself, the idea that it's half the countries in the world will be a huge surprise to people." Which countries are affected? More economically developed countries including most of Europe, the US, South Korea and Australia have lower fertility rates. It does not mean the number of people living in these countries is falling, at least not yet as the size of a population is a mix of the fertility rate, death rate and migration. It can also take a generation for changes in fertility rate to take hold. But Prof Murray said: "We will soon be transitioning to a point where societies are grappling with a declining population." Half the world's nations are still producing enough children to grow, but as more countries advance economically, more will have lower fertility rates. 'We'd rather give our daughter the best of everything' Rachael Jacobs, 38, of Kent, had her first and only child seven years ago I'd always focused on my career. When I was pregnant I was still focusing on my career. I know now that we can survive on what we earn as a family and still go on holiday every year. If we had more than one child we couldn't go on holiday. We'd rather give our daughter the best of everything than have multiple children that we can just about feed and clothe. My partner and I are also thinking about the future. We want to be in a position where we can help her financially with university or housing. I don't want to ever have to say that she can't go to a party or have a new Christmas jumper. Why is the fertility rate falling? The fall in fertility rate is not down to sperm counts or any of the things that normally come to mind when thinking of fertility. Instead it is being put down to three key factors: In many ways, falling fertility rates are a success story. What will the impact be? Without migration, countries will face ageing and shrinking populations. Dr George Leeson, director of the Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, says that does not have to be a bad thing, as long as the whole of society adjusts to the massive demographic change. He told the BBC: "Demography impacts on every single aspect of our lives, just look out of your window at the people on the streets, the houses, the traffic, the consumption, it is all driven by demography. "Everything we plan for is not just driven by the numbers in the population, but also the age structure and that is changing, so fundamentally we haven't got our heads around it." He thinks workplaces are going to have to change and even the idea of retiring at 68, the current maximum in the UK, will be unsustainable. The report, part of the Global Burden of Diseases analysis, says affected countries will need to consider increasing immigration, which can create its own problems, or introducing policies to encourage women to have more children, which often fail. Report author Prof Murray argues: "On current trends there will be very few children and lots of people over the age of 65 and that's very difficult to sustain global society. "Think of all the profound social and economic consequences of a society structured like that with more grandparents than grandchildren. "I think Japan is very aware of this, they're facing declining populations, but I don't think it's hit many countries in the West, because low fertility has been compensated with migration. "At a global level there is no migration solution," Prof Murray says. But while the change may challenge societies, it may also have environmental benefits given the impact of our species. What about China? China has seen huge population growth since 1950, going from around half a billion inhabitants to 1.4 billion. But it too is facing the challenge of fertility rates, which stood at only 1.5 in 2017, and has recently moved away from its famous one child policy. The reason developed countries need a fertility rate of 2.1 is because not all children survive to adulthood and babies are ever so slightly more likely to be male than female. But in China, the report shows for every 100 girls born there were 117 boys which "imply very substantial sex-selective abortion and even the possibility of female infanticide". That means even more children need to be born to have a stable population. Follow James on Twitter.

পৃথিবীজুড়ে নারীদের সন্তান জন্ম দেবার হার উল্লেখযোগ্য হারে কমে গেছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

For days Portuguese media have reported that the footballer's twins had been born to a surrogate mother in the US. But it was only after the national team were knocked out on penalties by Chile that he confirmed the birth. Ronaldo went on Facebook to say: "I'm very happy, finally, to be with my children for the first time." He already has a son, Cristiano Ronaldo junior, who was born in June 2010. The Real Madrid forward began his message declaring that he been at the service of the national team "body and soul" despite the birth of the twins, adding: "Unfortunately we couldn't achieve our main sporting aim." The semi-final in Kazan ended in a 0-0 draw and Chile went through as Ronaldo's teammates missed three penalties. Little is known about the twins, although unconfirmed reports in Portugal said they were born on 8 June, well before the start of the Confederations Cup. The SIC TV channel said the boy and girl had been named Eva and Mateo. Further reports said the Fifa footballer of the year's mother, Dolores Aveiro, travelled to the US soon after they were born. In a statement, the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) said it had been informed by Ronaldo before the Confederations Cup that he had become a father again, and yet had decided to travel to Russia with the team. The FPF described his decision as a "gesture that we must highlight and praise". Instead of staying with the team for the third-place play-off on Sunday, Ronaldo was now going to leave the camp, it added. "We must release the athlete so he can finally get to know his children." Ronaldo, who has a long-term girlfriend, model Georgina Rodríguez, left the team in Kazan on Thursday morning. There has been speculation in Portuguese media that she too is expecting a baby, after the footballer posted a picture on social media showing the couple sitting down with their hands on her stomach. At the time the model appeared to reject the rumours, posting gym photos that suggested she was not pregnant, although it was unclear when the pictures were taken.

রাশিয়ায় কনফেডারেশন কাপের সেমিফাইনাল ম্যাচে ক্রিস্টিয়ানো রোনাল্ডোর নেতৃত্বে পর্তুগাল টিম হেরে যাবার কয়েক ঘন্টা পর তিনি তার যমজ সন্তান জন্মের খবর ঘোষণা করেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Reality Check teamBBC News It's very common for ships to fly the flag of a country that differs from that of the owners. But why is it done and who benefits? What do Liberia, Panama and the Marshall Islands have in common? Every merchant ship must register with a country, known as a flagged state. Under the open-registry system, "flags of convenience" as they are sometimes known, can be flown by any vessel regardless of the nationality of the owners. Other systems of flagging have tighter rules on who can own and operate these vessels. Panama, the Marshall Islands and Liberia are the leading flag states. There are about 1,300 vessels listed on the UK Ship Register. This Red Ensign Group, which includes the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies (the Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey) and UK overseas territories (Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, St Helena and the Turks and Caicos Islands) is the ninth largest fleet in the world. Why choose a flag other than your own? Ship-owners choose a flag state for a range of commercial reasons. They include regulations, taxes and the quality of the service provided, maritime security expert Ioannis Chapsos says. He points to Greece - the world's leading ship-owner. Many of its vessels do not fly the Greek flag, a big factor being they would have to pay more tax. In return, the flag states, often poorer countries, earn money. The Panamanian ship registry contributes tens of millions of dollars to the country's economy. The system allows for the hiring of crew from anywhere in the world, which can lower costs. This system of "flags of convenience" has been criticised because of the potential for looser regulation and even the flouting of international maritime rules. But shipping practices are generally seen as having improved significantly in the past three decades. The term is not used by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), the UN's shipping agency. And it's "almost regarded as a swear word in the shipping industry", says Simon Bennett, of the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS). He says owners tend to choose to register with a flag state based on reputation or because major shipping registries have a presence in every major port. The safety record of large open registries, he adds, matches the so-called traditional flags. The system, however, still faces criticism. Registering under a different flag makes it more difficult to hold ship-owners to account over wage disputes or working conditions, according to the International Transport Workers' Federation. Who's responsible? After signing up to a flag, the laws of that country are conferred on the vessel and each country is responsible for ships flying their flag. This includes ensuring that ships conform to relevant international standards - through survey and certification of ships, says the IMO. Flag countries sign up to international maritime treaties and are responsible for enforcing them, with rules set by the IMO in regards to the construction, design, equipment and manning of ships. Under the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea, flag states are required to take measures for ensuring safety at sea. Who runs the registry? It's common for a flag registry to be managed in a different country. Take Liberia, for example, which is administered by an American company with its headquarters in Washington DC. The land-locked Mongolia Registry is based in Singapore. The Comoros Registry is based in Bulgaria. Far-flung Vanuatu has its base in New York. The unusual geography of the registry system can pose security challenges. It's unrealistic for a flag state to provide security to all the vessels registered to it, says Mr Chapsos, even though vessels are essentially an extension of that state. And it is even harder for a state with far fewer resources than, for example, the Royal Navy but significantly more commercial ships. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

গত সপ্তাহে মালবাহী জাহাজ স্টেনা ইমপেরো আটক করেছে ইরান, যেটি চলছিল ব্রিটিশ পতাকা নিয়ে। কিন্তু আসলে এই জাহাজটির মালিক একটি সুইডিশ কোম্পানি এবং পুরো জাহাজে কোন ব্রিটিশ নাগরিক ছিল না।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

In the trial, the defence lawyer told the jury: "You have to look at the way she was dressed. She was wearing a thong with a lace front." The 27-year-old man was found not guilty of rape shortly afterwards. The controversy led one Irish MP to hold up a lace thong in parliament to highlight "routine victim-blaming". Ruth Coppinger produced the blue lacy underwear in the Dáil (Irish parliament) from her sleeve on Tuesday. "It might seem embarrassing to show a pair of thongs here... how do you think a rape victim or a woman feels at the incongruous setting of her underwear being shown in a court?" What happened at the trial? The case, in which the man was cleared of rape, was originally reported by the Irish Examiner newspaper on 6 November. The accused maintained that the sexual contact between him and the girl, which took place in a laneway in Cork, had been consensual. Details of the closing argument presented by his senior counsel Elizabeth O'Connell, however, attracted widespread attention and prompted a series of online protest movements. "Does the evidence out-rule the possibility that she was attracted to the defendant and was open to meeting someone and being with someone?" she asked, according to the Examiner's report. "You have to look at the way she was dressed. She was wearing a thong with a lace front." How did the protests start? The day after publication of that court report, the head of Dublin's Rape Crisis Centre criticised the barrister's remarks. Although she did not question the verdict, she called for reform of a legal system in which she said such suggestions were frequently made. Amid increasing media attention, Irish social media users expressed outrage at the remarks in court. Under the hashtag #ThisIsNotConsent, Irish women posted photographs of their underwear in all shapes, colours, and materials to protest the use of such techniques in court. Many pointed to other countries which have tighter controls on what can be introduced in rape trials, and in what manner the jury can consider them. After producing lacy underwear in Ireland's national parliament, Ms Coppinger told one supporter that compulsory training should be introduced for both judges and jurors. The controversy surrounding the trial was reminiscent of an outcry over intimate details made public in the trial of two high-profile rugby players, who were cleared of rape in Northern Ireland earlier this year. The revelations caused controversy on both sides of the border. What happened at the protests? Lunchtime protests calling for an end to "victim-blaming in the courts" took place in a number of Irish cities on Wednesday, organised by Socialist feminist group Rosa. In Cork, where the trial took place, an estimated 200 people gathered to march on the courthouse and lay underwear on its steps. In the capital, supporters gathered at the Spire of Dublin, where a "washing line" strung between lampposts displayed women's underwear. Other protests were set to take place in the western city of Limerick on Wednesday, and Waterford in the south-east on Friday.

১৭ বছর বয়সী এক কিশোরীকে ধর্ষণের অভিযোগে অভিযুক্ত একজন ব্যক্তিকে ছেড়ে দেয়ার এক সপ্তাহ পর আয়ারল্যান্ডে এ সংক্রান্ত বিক্ষোভ চলছে।