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এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Mariah Smith said she took "full responsibility for what I wrote, and I was wrong. I am truly sorry". The article in The Cut, a New York-based website, has since been taken down. Many Indians had jumped to Ms Chopra's defence and accused The Cut of racism. However Ms Smith said she did not "condone racism, xenophobia, or sexism". It follows an earlier apology from The Cut, which said the article "did not meet our standards". Ms Chopra and Mr Jonas married last weekend in the city of Jodhpur in India's north-western Rajasthan state. Her outfit featured a 75ft veil that needed a team of people to carry it. She is now due to attend another big wedding in India later this month, that of Isha Ambani, the daughter of India's richest man, Mukesh Ambani. She is due to marry Anand Piramal, the son of another billionaire industrialist on 12 December in Udaipur, another city in Rajasthan. Former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has arrived in Udaipur for pre-wedding celebrations, NDTV reported. India's biggest national newspaper has claimed that Beyoncé will perform at the sangeet, an evening of music and dance that typically precedes the wedding.

নিজের পেশাদার ক্যারিয়ারের উন্নয়নের উদ্দেশ্যে 'ছলনা'র মাধ্যমে নিক জোনাসকে ফাঁদে ফেলে বিয়ে করেছেন বলিউড অভিনেত্রী প্রিয়াঙ্কা চোপড়া -প্রবন্ধে এরকম একটি মন্তব্য লেখার পর ক্ষমা চেয়েছেন মার্কিন সাংবাদিক মারিয়াহ স্মিথ।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

A select group of celebrities and high profile users have been able to use the service for several months. Live streaming via mobile phones has become one of the big technology trends of the year, with Twitter-owned Periscope and Meerkat proving popular. Last year, Amazon paid $1bn for live streaming game site Twitch. Initially Facebook's live video feature will be available only to a small percentage of people in the US and will be limited to iPhones. The tech giant said that "over time, the company plans to bring it to all users" but it did not give specific timescales. In a blogpost introducing the service, Facebook said: "Live lets you show the people you care about what you're seeing in real time - whether visiting a new place, cooking your favourite recipe or just want to share some thoughts." The stream will display the number of live viewers, the names of friends who are watching and real-time comments as they are written. The video will be saved to users' timelines until they choose to delete them. Nation of sharers Facebook has also updated the way people can share photo collages - allowing users to mix photos and videos. Ian Maude, an analyst with research firm Enders said of the streaming service: "Facebook has a vast audience to promote services to so there is nothing stopping it from becoming a significant player in video streaming." He said that Britain, like many other countries, had become "a nation of sharers". "We like to tell what what we are doing all the time." Privacy advocates have raised concerns about such services but Mr Maude believes that Facebook will be keen to avoid any controversy. "They will be cognisant of the privacy concerns and I believe there are restrictions on how the content can be shared, so that it won't be automatically broadcast to everyone."

বিশ্বে জনপ্রিয় একটি সামাজিক মাধ্যম ফেসবুক ব্যবহারকারীদের জন্য নতুন ভিডিও সার্ভিস আনতে যাচ্ছে। নতুন নকশা করা এই 'ওয়াচ' ট্যাবটি আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে উন্মোচন করছে ফেসবুক।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By James JeffreyAustin, Texas As fierce national debate over controversial social justice issues spills into America's public schools, many parents are responding by pulling their children out. This is playing out in Texas especially, because even though independent-minded Texans typically don't have much time for government meddling, many nevertheless adhere to that higher form of government - religion. Hence many Texas parents are increasingly frustrated at what they perceive as religion being phased out of Texas public schools. "Religion is a taboo subject in public schools across the board," says Shannon Helmi in Austin, the Texas capital, where she has chosen to educate her four daughters privately with Regina Caeli, a homeschooling hybrid that teaches a curriculum based on the Catholic tradition. "I don't think our state educators set out to be anti-religion, rather the education provided by the state must not be biased towards any religion. The problem [is that] an unbiased approach in education is unattainable - education is based on some original source, so if our education is based on no source it's ultimately anti-source." Parents and teachers in Texas also complain about the state's public schools being made to march to the tune of an aggressive liberal agenda. The result sees Texas parents voting with their feet and embracing a plethora of alternative private schooling systems that teach the likes of Christian theologians and Greek philosophers. "Now it's not just religious parents who traditionally have been the ones to opt for homeschooling but also those who are politically conservative and feel children are not getting a balanced perspective at schools becoming agenda driven," says Kari Beckman, executive director of Regina Caeli. "Parents who are conservative feel their values are being oppressed. Traditional values are no longer respected at schools. Government has got too big, so that a parent's voice doesn't count now." Regina Caeli has schools all over the country where students attend for two days a week and are taught the rest of the time at home by parents supported by the school. Other voices on education and religion in America Part of the problem, those critical of Texas's public-school system say, is that all voters, regardless of whether a parent or not, can cast a ballot on the likes of schools' curriculum and disciplinary processes. The result, they argue, is politics overwhelms educational precedence. "The public-school board election has become a simple extension of the current political divide," says Jon Dahm, a parent of three children who graduated from public schools in Austin. "The focus has shifted from educational excellence and improving outcomes to political correctness instead." Opponents of secularisation in schools argue the constitutionally endorsed separation between religion and state is being incorrectly interpreted - they note the First Amendment prevents the government imposing religion on people or limiting the exercise of religion - resulting in less tolerance within schools for Christianity. "It gets hard, I have to self-censor - if we're teaching about holidays or culture we can't mention religion," says a Catholic teacher who has taught in Austin's public schools for more than 25 years, and didn't want to give her name because of potential ramifications for her job. "It's changed a lot in the last 10 years especially. People become very verbal about politics and try to bring it into the classroom." As a result of such concerns shared by parents, charter schools that receive government funding but operate independently of the established state school system have become a significant part of the US education system, educating 2.8 million children in 2015, according to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Meanwhile, the number of children taught at home in America has grown by 3% to 8% a year since 2012 and now stands at about 3.5 million. Regina Caeli can't keep up with the demand nationally, says Ms Beckman. It even fields enquiries from Australia, she says, and is about to start its first international partnership in the UK. "I once asked our public school music teacher, 'Why introduce Britney Spears when you could introduce Beethoven,'" says Ms Helmi, who vouches for the benefits to her daughters of a more classical education. "One of my favourite scenes at the school is seeing a high-schooler playing with a younger sibling and then discussing whether a quote was from Aristotle or Socrates." The vast majority of America's children, however, remain taught in schools run by the state, known as public schools in the US. In autumn 2017, about 50.7 million students attended public elementary and secondary schools, according to NCES. Defenders of the public-school system highlight how it serves every child regardless of their parents' income or background. They are, they argue, a worthy manifestation of US laws that define education as a right, as opposed to a privilege. "When compared with other nations, some of our students and some of our public schools are not doing well. But having 'some' failures is quite a different claim than one indicting our entire public school system," educational psychologist David Berliner wrote in a Washington Post article. Teaching children at home has long been controversial, with critics saying the instruction is uneven in subject and quality, and makes kids asocial due to having fewer friends and mixing with their peers less. Even Rachel Coleman, executive director at the Coalition for Responsible Home Education, says the research is still too thin to definitively confirm home-schooling works well consistently, noting that tough questions still need to be asked of home-schooling for the sake of home-schooled students. The issue of how transgender children should be accommodated increasingly serves as a crunch point in public schools. "I had to attend events where they pushed gender fluid ideology, so in the end I had to leave," says one Texas teacher who had a 30-year teaching career. "I didn't want to revolutionise children. I just wanted them to be children." The 2017 Texas legislative session included the so-called bathroom bill, which required transgender students to use school bathrooms based on their sex at birth - the bill failed to pass, while generating fierce debate. "A lack of knowledge and understanding of gender variant identities in school environments potentially exacerbates the shame and stigma the children and young people may be experiencing," says Claire Birkenshaw, a transgender former headteacher who campaigns on transgender issues in the UK, while noting these issues apply to all countries. Some conservatives argue the transgender issue is the latest weapon being used by a progressive elite to effect social change. But polls indicate Americans are fairly evenly split on the matter, with just over 50% feeling that whether someone is a man or a woman is determined by the sex assigned at birth. A significant amount of more conservative parents remain concerned, though, especially with shifting teachings in public schools about the likes of gay marriage, gender roles and the family unit. "Parents feel that if they want to be able to influence their children, they have to take them out of the public-school system, because rather than them being taught how to read, the schools are telling them what to think and not teaching children how to be free thinkers," Ms Beckman says. Yet as ever in America - especially now amid rapidly changing societal norms - questions over rights and the interpretation of whom they apply to and how they should be enforced continue to shift and with it raise the temperature of public debate. "Education is a right - it's not just a cisgender right or a gender variant right, it's a right for all, just in the same way all children deserve a first-class education," Ms Birkenshaw says. "Standardising guidance for our more vulnerable children, such as gender variant children, ensures we fulfil on this promise." Teaching around the world

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের শিশুদের একটি বড় অংশ বাড়িতে বসে শিক্ষা নিচ্ছে, দিনে দিনে তাদের সংখ্যাও বাড়ছে। শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থা নিয়ে আসলে অভিভাবকদের উদ্বেগের জায়গাটি কোথায়?

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Brenton Tarrant also planned to burn down the mosques, wanting to "inflict as many fatalities as possible". The Australian has pleaded guilty to 51 counts of murder, 40 attempted murders and one charge of terrorism. Tarrant, 29, faces life in prison, possibly without parole - a sentence never before imposed in New Zealand. He was confronted by survivors and relatives of the victims in court on Monday. "You gave yourself the authority to take the souls of 51 innocent people, their only crime - in your eyes - being Muslims," said Maysoon Salama, whose son Atta Elayyan was killed. "You transgress beyond comprehension, I cannot forgive you." The attacks, parts of which the gunman streamed live online, saw him open fire at two mosques in Christchurch on 15 March last year. He first drove to the Al Noor mosque, firing on people taking part in Friday prayers. He then drove about 5km (3 miles) to the Linwood mosque and killed more people. The attack sent shockwaves around the world and prompted New Zealand to make swift changes to its gun laws. How did the attack unfold? The sentencing hearing, which will last four days, began on Monday morning in Christchurch. Covid-19 restrictions mean the main court room is relatively empty. Hundreds will watch the proceedings on video feeds from other courtrooms in the city to allow for social distancing measures. Dressed in grey prison clothes and surrounded in the dock by three police officers, the gunman reportedly remained silent, occasionally looking around the room where survivors and relatives of the victims were sitting. Crown prosecutor Barnaby Hawes told the court that the gunman had began formulating a plan years earlier, and his goal was to "inflict as many fatalities as possible". He gathered information about mosques in New Zealand - studying floor plans, locations and further details - with the aim of targeting them at the time they would be busiest. In the months before the attack, he travelled to Christchurch and flew a drone over his primary target, the Al Noor mosque. He also planned to target the Ashburton Mosque in addition to the Al Noor mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre, but was detained while on his way to the third mosque. On the day of the attack, he shot people on the street as they tried to escape the Al Noor mosque, the court heard. This included one victim, Ansi Alibava, whose body he drove over as he left the mosque. As he drove towards the Linwood Islamic Centre, he stopped and shot at men of African origin who were able to escape. He briefly pointed his gun at a Caucasian man, the court heard, but then "smiled and then drove off". He told police after his arrest that his plan was to burn down the mosques after his attack, and that he wished he had done so. Tarrant is representing himself in court. He had previously denied the charges and was due to face trial in June, but reversed his plea. He faces a minimum sentence of 17 years, but Justice Cameron Mander, the High Court judge presiding over the case, has the power to sentence him to a full life term with no parole - a sentence never before imposed in New Zealand. Who were some of the victims? More than 60 people will give victim impact statements over the course of the next few days. The imam of Al-Noor Mosque, Gamal Fouda - who was the first to speak - addressed Tarrant, calling him "misguided and misled". He said he saw the "hate in the eyes of a brainwashed terrorist" as he was standing in the pulpit, telling Tarrant: "Your hatred is unnecessary." The son of victim Ashraf Ali, said he still suffered trauma, saying: "I have flashbacks, seeing dead bodies all around me. Blood everywhere." Among the other victims were: Some relatives of victims travelled from overseas and had undergone a two-week coronavirus quarantine in order to take part. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has said it will be a difficult week for survivors and families of the victims. "I don't think there's anything I can say that is going to ease how traumatic that period is going to be," she said last week. She has vowed never to say the gunman's name, saying soon after the attack: "He sought many things from his act of terror - but one was notoriety." Less than a month after the shootings, New Zealand's parliament voted by 119 to 1 on reforms banning military-style semi-automatic weapons as well as parts that could be used to build prohibited firearms. The government offered to compensate owners of newly-illegal weapons in a buy-back scheme.

গত বছর নিউজিল্যান্ডের দুটি মসজিদে হামলা করে ৫১ জনকে হত্যায় অভিযুক্ত ব্রেন্টন টারান্টের যে আরো মসজিদে হামলার উদ্দেশ্য ছিল সেই তথ্য বেরিয়ে এলো চলমান শুনানিতে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The extremely narrow lanes of Babupurwa in Kanpur city lead me to Mohammed Shareef's home. He is sitting outside the small tin-roof house. It has just one room which doubles as a kitchen during the day and bedroom at night. He gets up, hugs me and breaks down. Several minutes pass in silence. "I have lost everything. I have no will to live. What was my son's fault? Why did the police shoot him?" he says trying to hold back tears. His 30-year-old son, Mohammed Raees, died on 23 December - three days after he was shot in the stomach. "My son wasn't even protesting. He was a street hawker and just happened to be at the protest site. But even if he was protesting, did he deserve to die? "Did he die because we are Muslims? Are we not citizens of this country? I will keep asking this question until I die," he says. The protest where Mohammed Raees was shot was one of dozens which have taken place against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) in Uttar Pradesh, one of the country's poorest states, and across India. Some have turned violent as stone-throwing protesters clashed with policemen. At least 50 officers have been injured in the clashes in Uttar Pradesh alone - but the police have also been accused of using disproportionate force against anti-CAA protesters. Civil rights groups say the law, which offers amnesty to non-Muslim immigrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan, discriminates against Muslims. The government, however, argues it will protect religious minorities fleeing persecution, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah insisting it is not against Muslims. But protests, especially in Uttar Pradesh, home to more than 40 million Muslims, have continued. The state's chief minister, Yogi Adityanath, has said that "revenge" will be taken against those who destroyed public property. "Their property will be confiscated to make up for the loss of public assets," he said. The police have followed his orders and identified "wanted" people, mostly Muslims, and stuck their posters across Kanpur. It has struck fear into the community. In Babupurwa, I met several women who said their sons, some as young as 10, and husbands have decided to flee to different cities because they fear arrest and torture. That fear has been further compounded by the existence of the National Register of Citizens (NRC). "The NRC requires people to prove they are citizens of India," Nassiruddin, a politician and Muslim community leader in Kanpur, explains. "Just imagine if a Hindu family and a Muslim family both fail to prove citizenship - the former can use CAA to claim citizenship but the latter will be stripped of their citizenship." The government says it has no plans to hold the NRC any time soon, but the community still fears they may not be able to produce the documents needed to prove their citizenship. Nassiruddin adds Muslims in the state are also scared because they don't trust the ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). "What is our fault? We are a democracy and we have every right to protest against something we don't agree with. But our protector has turned predator. Where should we go now?" says one woman, who did not want to be identified. As I walked into different lanes, the scenes were similar - very few men and boys, but groups of women huddled together - almost as if they were waiting for somebody to ask them a question. "Policemen came to our area in the night and told us that they would arrest all the men. They asked us to identify those who were protesting," another woman, who also did not want to be named, volunteers. The fear in the Muslim community has been fuelled further by Yogi Adityanath's previous anti-Muslim statements, including advocating for a Donald Trump-style travel ban on Muslims in India, accusing Muslim men of forcibly converting Hindu women and comparing Bollywood star Shah Rukh Khan to Pakistan-based militant Hafiz Saeed. Many believe that the chief minister is just following Mr Modi's idea of "muscular Hindu nationalism". "Uttar Pradesh has become the ideology's main laboratory," Nassiruddin says. Thousands, mostly Muslim men, have been detained across the state and internet services were suspended for days. Many prominent activists, including a former top policeman, have been detained. The police have also been accused of intimidating Muslims. Video footage from Kanpur shows policemen allegedly vandalising cars and homes in Muslim-populated areas in the dead of the night. My colleagues reported claims of similar incidents from other parts of the state. India correspondent Yogita Limaye was told the police had allegedly vandalised Muslims homes in several places in Muzaffarnagar, some 580km (360 miles) from Kanpur. In one house, they allegedly destroyed everything - including TVs, refrigerators and kitchen utensils. "I also met men, and boys, who said they had been detained and beaten by the police," she reported. BBC Hindi's Zubair Ahmed also reported allegations of police brutality in Meerut and Bijnor, cities in western Uttar Pradesh. At least eight people died of gunshot wounds in these areas. Their families said they were shot by the police - although police deny these allegations. A pattern emerges when you hear these stories - detention, followed by vandalism of cars and ransacking of houses in Muslim-populated areas in the night. But the state's top policeman responsible for law and order denied the allegations. PV Ramasastry told the BBC that those responsible for damaging public property were being arrested and identified based on "digital evidence". When I asked him why the police have been quick to take action against protesters based on videos but not against its own officers, he said anybody was "free to make accusations". He also denies that the police vandalised any property. When I showed him footage of the alleged incidents, Mr Ramasastry says "just a video randomly posted somewhere is not complete by itself". "One has to freeze the location and the context. Any definitive answer cannot be offered based on a particular video," he adds. He also denies police were involved in any of the state's 19 protest-related deaths, saying investigations were "ongoing". But social activist Sumaiya Rana said the police need to be held accountable. "Violence is not the answer but that applies to both sides. Police should take action against those who indulged in violence, but is shooting at protesters the only way?" she said. "So many people have died - we demand that a fair investigation should be held." I spoke to policemen on the ground and some of them said they were working under intense pressure. One, who did not want to be identified, told me that they were ordered to "control protests at any cost". "We had to baton charge and use tear-gas guns. It's not easy to use force against our own citizens. But you have to realise that policemen are just caught in the middle," he said. Meanwhile, political parties have blamed each other for the protests. The state's ruling BJP said protests turned violent because "young Muslim people were being misled by the opposition parties". "We maintained law and order in the state well since we came to power three years ago. But this time, violence happened because of politics. The Samajwadi Party (SP) and the Bahujan Samaj Party have confused people about the CAA. They planned and instigated these protests," Swatantra Dev Singh, the BJP's state chief, told the BBC. "The CAA is not against Muslims or in fact against any other religion. Our government works for everybody - without discriminating against any caste or religion. We welcome criticism but nobody is allowed to damage public property," he said. But those who died were mostly Muslims. Mr Singh says any death is sad but the opposition parties are responsible for what has happened in the state. Akhilesh Yadav, former chief minister and the leader of the Samajwadi Party, denied these allegations. "The government needs to answer who shot these people? Why did the police not take any preventive measures? "It's easy to make accusations. The protests show the BJP's failure in keeping peace in the state. They have brought the CAA to divert the attention from issues like the slowing economy and a lack of jobs. They want to divide the state on religious lines. "The chief minister and his Hindutva agenda is responsible for the situation. The way the police have behaved should ring alarm bells for everybody. It's not even about politics anymore - basic human rights are being violated and it's dangerous for the state and the country." Civil society members say that all stakeholders are busy making accusations against each other but nobody is willing to give answers. "The fact is that 19 people have died in one of India's largest state. Somebody has to answer to their families. We are a democracy and the cost of protest cannot be death," Ms Rana concludes. All pictures subject to copyright

ভারতের বিতর্কিত নাগরিকত্ব সংশোধন আইনের বিরুদ্ধে যে বিক্ষোভ হচ্ছে তাতে সবচাইতে উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ পরিস্থিতি তৈরি হয়েছে উত্তর প্রদেশ রাজ্যে। গত ২০শে ডিসেম্বর এই বিক্ষোভ শুরু হবার পর থেকে সেখানে অন্তত ১৯ জন নিহত হয়েছে। কিন্তু বিশেষ করে এই রাজ্যটিতেই এমন পরিস্থিতি তৈরি হলো কেন? জানতে উত্তর প্রদেশের বিভিন্ন জায়গা ঘুরেছেন বিবিসির বিকাশ পান্ডে। এখানে তারই প্রতিবেদন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

"I look at that as, in a certain respect, as being a good thing because it means our testing is much better," he said at the White House. The US has 1.5 million coronavirus cases and nearly 92,000 deaths, according to Johns Hopkins University. In second place is Russia, with nearly 300,000 confirmed cases. What did Trump say? On Monday, Mr Trump was hosting his first cabinet meeting since the US outbreak began. "By the way," he told reporters, "you know when you say that we lead in cases, that's because we have more testing than anybody else." "So when we have a lot of cases," he continued, "I don't look at that as a bad thing, I look at that as, in a certain respect, as being a good thing because it means our testing is much better." He added: "So I view it as a badge of honour. Really, it's a badge of honour. "It's a great tribute to the testing and all of the work that a lot of professionals have done." According to the Centers for Disease Control, a federal agency, the US had conducted 12.6m coronavirus tests by Tuesday. Mr Trump was responding to a question about whether he was considering a travel ban on Latin America, Brazil in particular. That country now has the third highest number of confirmed cases, following the US and Russia. The Democratic National Committee criticised the Republican president's comments, tweeting that the 1.5 million Covid-19 cases in the US represented "a complete failure of leadership". Has the US conducted the most tests? While the US has carried out more tests by volume than any other country, it is not first in the world on a per capita basis, according to Our World in Data, a scientific publication based at Oxford University. Its chart ranks the US as 16th globally in terms of tests per 1,000 people, ahead of South Korea, but behind the likes of Iceland, New Zealand, Russia and Canada. Over the past week, the US has been conducting between 300,000 and 400,000 tests daily, according to the Covid Tracking Project, a volunteer-led effort. But Harvard Global Health Institute director Ashish Jha last week told a congressional hearing: "The US needs more than 900,000 tests every day to safely open up again. We are doing about a third of that." The US has also reported the most coronavirus deaths in the world, though on a per capita basis it ranks sixth behind the likes of Belgium, the United Kingdom and France, according to Johns Hopkins University. US coronavirus testing rates have been criticised on both sides of the aisle. At a Senate hearing last week, Mitt Romney, a Republican, criticised the country's testing record, saying it was "nothing to celebrate whatsoever" because, he said, "we treaded water in February and March".

আমেরিকায় কোভিড-নাইনটিন শনাক্ত হওয়া রোগীর সংখ্যা বিশ্বে সর্বাধিক সেটা একটা "সম্মানের নিদর্শন" বলে যুক্তি দেখিয়েছেন প্রেসিডেন্ট ট্রাম্প।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The organisation said state governments had imposed 20 temporary internet shutdowns in 2017. Authorities say they shut internet and telecommunications services to stop rumours during times of unrest. But the rights group said arbitrary internet shutdowns "violated India's obligations under international human rights law". Kashmir social media ban criticised Heat wave in India: Frustration, rumours and memes Indian authorities frequently shut telecommunication services in Indian-administered Kashmir. Earlier this month, the government in the western state of Maharashtra shut down internet services after protests led by farmers turned violent. Meenakshi Ganguly, South Asia director at Human Rights Watch, said the authorities' concern about misuse of social media "should not be the default option to prevent social unrest". "The lack of transparency and failure to explain these shutdowns only further the perception that they are meant to suppress nonviolent reporting and criticism of the government," she added. The organisation, however, said that social media in India "has at times fuelled rumours leading to violence". But it advised the government to not fully shut services during protests. "Instead of fully shutting down networks, authorities can use social media to discourage violence and restore public order," it said.

বাংলাদেশের রোহিঙ্গা শরণার্থী ক্যাম্পে টেলিযোগাযোগ ও ইন্টারনেট কানেকশনে বিধিনিষেধ আরোপের সমালোচনা করেছে আন্তর্জাতিক মানবাধিকার সংস্থা হিউম্যান রাইটস ওয়াচ বা এইচআরডব্লিউ। সংস্থাটি বলছে এর ফলে ত্রাণ ও জরুরি সেবা বাধাগ্রস্ত হতে পারে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The suspect, 21, had an Italian Red Cross document, issued after he arrived on the Italian island of Lampedusa by migrant boat last month. He was shot by police and is in a critical condition. One of the victims was "virtually beheaded", said the French chief anti-terrorism prosecutor. President Emmanuel Macron said it was an "Islamist terrorist attack". Mr Macron said the number of soldiers being deployed to protect public places - such as churches and schools - would rise from 3,000 to 7,000. Anti-terror prosecutors have opened an investigation, and France has raised its national security alert to the highest level. In another development, a 47-year-old man believed to have been in contact with the attacker was detained by police late on Thursday, French media reported. Thursday's stabbings at a church in the southern city of Nice have echoes of another attack earlier this month near a school north-west of Paris. Samuel Paty, a teacher, was beheaded days after showing controversial cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad to some of his pupils. That murder has heightened tensions in France. President Macron's defence of the right to publish the cartoons and the government's attempts to crack down on radical Islam have angered Turkey and other Muslim-majority countries. The suspect in the attack in Nice was heard repeatedly shouting "Allahu Akbar" (God is greatest) before being shot by police. A Koran, two telephones and a 30cm (12-inch) knife were found on the attacker, said chief anti-terrorist prosecutor Jean-François Ricard. "We also found a bag left by the attacker. Next to this bag were two knives that were not used in the attack," he added. Police sources named the attacker as Brahim Aouissaoui. Speaking after visiting Nice, Mr Macron said: "If we are attacked once again it is for the values which are ours: freedom, for the possibility on our soil to believe freely and not to give in to any spirit of terror. "I say it with great clarity once again today: we won't surrender anything." Who were the victims of the attack? All three were attacked inside the basilica on Thursday morning before the first Mass of the day. Two died inside the church, one of them a 60-year-old woman who was "virtually beheaded" close to the font. She has not been named. French media have named one victim as 55-year-old Vincent Loquès, a devout Catholic who had reportedly worked at the basilica for more than 10 years. Mr Loquès, a father of two loved by many of the church's regulars, was opening the building when the attacker slit his throat, police say. The third victim was named by Brazilian media as Simone Barreto Silva, a 44-year-old mother of three born in Salvador on Brazil's north-eastern coast. She had lived in France for 30 years. She fled to a nearby cafe with multiple stab wounds but died shortly afterwards. "Tell my children that I love them," she told those who tried to help her, according to French media. It later emerged that a witness had managed to raise the alarm with a special protection system set up by the city. Four police officers arrived at the scene at 08:57 local time (07:57 GMT) and the attacker was shot and detained shortly afterwards, the anti-terrorist prosecutor said. Two other attacks took place on Thursday, one in France and one in Saudi Arabia. A man was shot dead in Montfavet near the southern French city of Avignon after threatening police with a handgun. A guard was attacked outside the French consulate in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. A suspect was arrested and the guard taken to hospital. Four years ago Nice was the scene of one of France's worst jihadist attacks, when a Tunisian drove a truck into crowds celebrating Bastille Day on 14 July, killing 86 people. Governments around the world have condemned Thursday's attack, including France's European neighbours, the US, Turkey, Egypt, Qatar and Lebanon. Disoriented and frightened The terrorist threat level in France is as high now as it was in 2015-16, the terrible days of Charlie Hebdo, Bataclan, the Nice lorry-killer and the murder of Father Hamel in his church in Rouen. Things were bad enough then - and many more people died in those attacks. So why does this outbreak of Islamist violence feel somehow more scary? One reason must be the symbolism of the Samuel Paty beheading. That a simple history teacher could be murdered - and not randomly but actually selected for murder - has been deeply unsettling for French people. Likewise the targeting today of Christian worshippers in Nice. But it is also the context: the instant logic of action-response that followed President Macron's robust defence of secularism at Samuel Paty's memorial 10 days ago. All it took was a speech, then there were the threats, then there were the deaths. With a new Covid lockdown providing an eerie backdrop to these events, small wonder the French are feeling disoriented and frightened. A timeline of recent attacks in France October 2020: French teacher Samuel Paty is beheaded outside a school in a suburb of Paris September 2020: Two people are stabbed and seriously hurt in Paris near the former offices of Charlie Hebdo, where Islamist militants carried out a deadly attack in 2015 October 2019: Radicalised police computer operator Mickaël Harpon is shot dead after stabbing to death three officers and a civilian worker at Paris police headquarters July 2016: Two attackers kill a priest, Jacques Hamel, and seriously wound another hostage after storming a church in a suburb of Rouen in northern France July 2016: A gunman drives a large lorry into a crowd celebrating Bastille Day in Nice, killing 86 people in an attack claimed by the Islamic State (IS) group November 2015: Gunmen and suicide bombers launch multiple co-ordinated attacks on the Bataclan concert hall, a major stadium, restaurants and bars in Paris, leaving 130 people dead and hundreds wounded January 2015: Two Islamist militant gunmen force their way into Charlie Hebdo's offices and shoot dead 12 people Are you in the area? Did you witness what happened? If it's safe to do so, please share your experiences by emailing [email protected] Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also get in touch in the following ways: If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question or comment or you can email us at [email protected]. Please include your name, age and location with any submission.

ফ্রান্সের একটি গির্জায় যে ব্যক্তি দুই নারীসহ তিনজনকে ছুরিকাঘাতে হত্যা করেছে, তিনি কয়েকদিন আগে তিউনিসিয়া থেকে এসেছিলেন বলে জানা গেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Frank GardnerBBC security correspondent Some in the Gulf region feared that in the dying days of his presidency Donald Trump might choose to double down on his policy of "maximum pressure" on Iran and launch a military strike on its civilian nuclear plants and other targets. Reports from Washington in November indicated this was one option the US president had looked at, before being talked out of it by his advisers. By contrast, President-elect Joe Biden has made it clear that he wants the US to rejoin the 2015 nuclear pact with Iran, which would mean reversing sanctions and releasing money to Tehran in exchange for Iran's full compliance. So is Iran now safe from attack? In a word, no. Israel remains extremely concerned, not just by Iran's civilian nuclear activities but by its prolific programme to develop its arsenal of ballistic missiles. On Thursday, Israel's Defence Minister Benny Gantz was quoted as saying, in reference to Iran's nuclear development programme: "It is clear that Israel needs to have a military option on the table. It requires resources and investment and I am working to make that happen." Israel, as the Islamic Republic's declared enemy, sees a nuclear bomb in Iranian hands as a threat to its very existence and has urged the world to stop it before it is too late. Iran has always insisted its nuclear programme is purely peaceful, but its recent action to increase the enrichment of its uranium - one of a sequence which contravene the 2015 deal - has set alarm bells ringing. In 1981, Israel suspected that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was looking to acquire a nuclear weapons capability. In Operation Babylon, it took pre-emptive action by carrying out a successful air raid using its own F15 and F16 jets, destroying Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor. Twenty-six years later, in 2007, it did the same to Syria in Operation Outside the Box, destroying a secret plutonium reactor in the desert near Deir al-Zour just before it was activated. Out of sight But Iran is a far harder target, in terms of distance, accessibility and air defences. It is questionable whether Israel could carry out a successful air raid without US participation - something a Biden administration will be reluctant to do. Conscious of the longstanding threat to its nuclear facilities - from the US, Israel and possibly the Gulf Arab states - Iran has invested money and effort in burying some of them deep underground, beneath its mountains. Iran's nuclear industry, while ostensibly civilian, is closely entwined with its military and security infrastructure. In fact, the Iranians have had so long to prepare for an attack that there is now a distinct possibility that their underground facilities are becoming impenetrable. Despite this, Iran's nuclear facilities remain vulnerable to attack on three fronts. Physical attack "Iran's facilities are not impregnable," says Mark Fitzpatrick, an associate fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) and an expert on arms control. "[The one at] Natanz is vulnerable to precise bunker-busting bombing, maybe taking two precise hits: one to dig a crater and the other to burst through it or at least to shake the delicate machines enough to put them out of commission." But Iran is a vast country and its nuclear facilities are spread out in depth. As far back as 2012 experts suggested that the uranium enrichment facility at Fordo, buried at least 80m (260ft) inside a mountain, might be impregnable to even the devastating explosive power of US "bunker-busting" precision-guided bombs. "Fordo's greater depth protects the facility against bunker-busters, but not against sabotage," says Mark Fitzpatrick, "and it could be put out of commission for a period of months by blasting its entryways and airshafts". But to reach these facilities would require one, possibly two waves of air strikes penetrating deep into Iranian airspace and either evading or overpowering its air defences. Iran has invested heavily in developing its surface-to-air missile force, including the Bavar-373 - a homegrown version of Russia's S-300 system that is capable of tracking and shooting down aircraft up to 300km (186 miles) away. The prospect of an only partially successful strike, with downed pilots captured and paraded on Iranian TV, is a strong disincentive. Human attack This has already been happening. Israel's Mossad intelligence agency has managed to develop an extraordinarily well-informed network of agents inside Iran. So well-informed that when Iran's top military scientist, Brig Gen Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, was travelling in a protected convoy on a lonely road east of Tehran on 27 November his attackers knew his precise route and timings. Reports differ on how he was attacked on that day. Iran claims it was by a remote, satellite-controlled machine gun mounted on a pick-up truck. Other sources believe it was by a sizable team of Mossad-trained agents, who escaped and remain at large. Either way, Fakhrizadeh - known as "the godfather of Iran's nuclear programme", who US intelligence says carried out covert work on nuclear weapons - was assassinated. Israel has not commented officially on who was behind it. Before that, between 2010 and 2012, four leading Iranian nuclear scientists were all assassinated inside Iran, some by car bombs. Again, Israel neither confirmed nor denied its involvement. But the killings show that despite heavy protection by Iranian state security, assassins are able to reach their targets, setting back Iran's intellectual capacity in nuclear technology. Cyber attack There is an undeclared war going on in cyberspace, with Iran on one side and the US, Israel and Saudi Arabia ranged against it. In 2010, a sophisticated piece of malware codenamed Stuxnet was secretly introduced into the computers controlling Iran's uranium-enriching centrifuges at Natanz. The result was chaos, causing the centrifuges to spin out of control and setting the enrichment programme back by years. The cyber attack was widely reported to have been Israeli, although US and Israeli experts are believed to have collaborated on developing Stuxnet. Iran soon hit back, successfully inserting its own sophisticated malware codenamed Shamoon into the network of Saudi Arabia's state-owned oil company, Saudi Aramco, disabling 30,000 computers and threatening Saudi Arabia's oil production. Further attacks have followed. Continual risk The 2015 nuclear deal - the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action - was supposed to place such stringent curbs on Iran's nuclear activities that it would negate the need for its adversaries to consider a military strike. But Israel and Saudi Arabia were always sceptical about the deal because they considered it too lenient and temporary, and because it did nothing to address Iran's ballistic missile programme. Today, they are less than enthusiastic about a Biden presidency reviving the deal unless it addresses those concerns. Nobody in the Gulf region wants to see another conflict. Even the 2019 missile attack on Saudi Arabia's oil infrastructure, widely blamed on Iran and its allies, went unanswered. But as long as suspicions remain that Iran is secretly working on developing a nuclear warhead capability, then the risk of a pre-emptive attack on its facilities will always be there.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প শাসনামলের সমাপ্তির ফলে ইরান সতর্কতার সঙ্গে হলেও এক ধরনের স্বস্তির নিঃশ্বাস ফেলছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Twitter said the decision was made "after close review of recent Tweets from the @realDonaldTrump account". It comes amid a Big Tech purge of the online platforms used by Mr Trump and his supporters. Some lawmakers and celebrities have been calling for years on Twitter to ban Mr Trump. Former First Lady Michelle Obama tweeted on Thursday that the Silicon Valley giants should stop enabling Mr Trump's "monstrous behaviour" and permanently expel him. Why was Trump banned? Mr Trump was locked out of his account for 12 hours on Wednesday after he called the people who stormed the US Capitol "patriots". Hundreds of his supporters entered the complex as the US Congress attempted to certify Joe Biden's victory in the presidential election. The ensuing violence led to the deaths of four civilians and a police officer. Twitter warned then that it would ban Mr Trump "permanently" if he breached the platform's rules again. After being allowed back on Twitter, Mr Trump posted two tweets on Friday that the company cited as the final straws. In one, he wrote: "The 75,000,000 great American Patriots who voted for me, AMERICA FIRST, and MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN, will have a GIANT VOICE long into the future. They will not be disrespected or treated unfairly in any way, shape or form!!!" Twitter said this tweet "is being interpreted as further indication that President Trump does not plan to facilitate an 'orderly transition'". In the next, the president tweeted: "To all of those who have asked, I will not be going to the Inauguration on January 20th." Twitter said this was "being received by a number of his supporters as further confirmation that the election was not legitimate". Twitter said both of these tweets were "in violation of the Glorification of Violence Policy". What was the reaction? After Twitter had banned his @realDonaldTrump account, Mr Trump tweeted from the US president's official @Potus account suggesting he would "look at the possibilities of building out our own platform in the future" and railing against Twitter. But the tweets were removed from the platform as soon as they were posted. Reacting to the ban, Trump 2020 campaign adviser Jason Miller tweeted: "Disgusting... if you don't think they're coming for you next, you're wrong." Are other tech firms blocking Trump or his supporters? Earlier on Friday, Twitter permanently banned the accounts of two Trump loyalists: former national security adviser Michael Flynn and attorney Sidney Powell. Meanwhile, conservative radio host Rush Limbaugh deactivated his Twitter account shortly after they were banned. Later in the day, Google suspended Parler - a self-styled "free speech" rival to Twitter that is increasingly popular with Trump supporters - from its online store. "We're aware of continued posting in the Parler app that seeks to incite ongoing violence in the US," said Google. On Thursday, Facebook said it had suspended Mr Trump "indefinitely". The popular gaming platform Twitch also placed an indefinite ban on the outgoing president's channel, which he has used for rally broadcasts. So has Snapchat. Two online Trump memorabilia stores were closed this week by e-commerce company Shopify. On Friday, Reddit banned its "donaldtrump" forum for the president's supporters. Why was Twitter such a potent tool for Trump? Mr Trump used Twitter to insult adversaries, cheer allies, fire officials, deny "fake news" and vent grievances, often using all capital letters and exclamation marks to underline his point. Though critics said the posts were a torrent of misinformation, the medium helped him get around media filters and instantly connect with nearly 89 million followers. His tweets were also known for the occasional spelling error, and he sometimes left followers guessing with apparent mis-types, such as when he posted, "Despite the constant negative press covfefe". The Department of Justice said in 2017 that Mr Trump's tweets were "official statements of the President of the United States". Where will Trumpism go? Donald Trump loves being on Twitter, it's his primary way of getting his message out. He likes the short format, he likes his ability to reach tens of millions of people at the click of a button - bypassing the media. The fact that Twitter's decision was made 48 hours after the rioting at the Capitol on Wednesday shows that this was not an easy move for the social media giant. The platform has benefited hugely from Mr Trump's participation, it has been the place to go to hear the latest from the most powerful man in the world. But Twitter has acted for a number of reasons. It says it's because of the likelihood of him inciting violence in the future. But it's also because his power is very quickly slipping away. He is now being treated like an ordinary member of the public. And as mere mortal, repeatedly spreading disinformation, fake news and inciting violence will get you thrown off mainstream social media platforms. For those who say this violates free speech enshrined in the First Amendment of the US Constitution? Big Tech's argument is that they are private companies, not state actors. So, they are free to moderate their platforms as they see fit. The big question now is, can Trumpism survive without the backing of mainstream media? Or will it simply slip into the shadows of the internet? Read more from James What else did Twitter say? Twitter wrote in a blog post on Friday: "In the context of horrific events this week, we made it clear on Wednesday that additional violations of the Twitter Rules would potentially result in this very course of action. "Our public interest framework exists to enable the public to hear from elected officials and world leaders directly. It is built on a principle that the people have a right to hold power to account in the open." It added: "However, we made it clear going back years that these accounts are not above our rules and cannot use Twitter to incite violence. We will continue to be transparent around our policies and their enforcement." Some 350 Twitter employees had signed a letter this week to the company chief executive, Jack Dorsey, asking him to ban the president in the wake of the Capitol riot. The letter said: "Despite our efforts to serve the public conversation, as Trump's megaphone, we helped fuel the deadly events of January 6th." When did Twitter first take action against Trump? Twitter first took action against Mr Trump in May 2020 appending fact-checks to tweets he sent claiming postal votes were fraudulent. Later that same week it posted a warning label when the president threatened to send in the military to quell Black Lives Matter protests as he added, "when the looting starts, the shooting starts". Twitter used these fact-checks and warning labels increasingly throughout the year for Trump tweets about coronavirus and the presidential election, culminating in Friday's ban.

মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ট ট্রাম্পকে টুইটার থেকে স্থায়ীভাবে বরখাস্ত করা হয়েছে। কোম্পানিটি বলছে, "ভবিষ্যতে সহিংসতা উস্কে দেবার ঝুঁকি" থাকার কারণে এটা করা হয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Virginia HarrisonBBC News It was a tough introduction to parenting for the 33-year-old who spent those early days at home on paternity leave. Severely sleep deprived, he returned to his job in human resources five weeks after the birth. "I was in a fairly frequent state of worry, worry about my partner at home with a screaming baby. I had a job to do that was quite stressful," the Brisbane, Australia-based father says. A few months later he felt the full grip of anxiety and depression take hold. Mr Edwards later discovered he was one of the numerous men who suffer from mental illness that arises after the birth of a child. Advocacy group Postpartum Support International says in the US, one in seven mothers, and one in 10 fathers, will experience postpartum (after birth) depression. The group says those rates are broadly reflected across the developed world. In the UK, research by parenting group the NCT found that more than a third of new dads were worried about their mental health, citing factors including added financial responsibility and lack of sleep. For Mr Edwards, his struggle was made more difficult by responsibilities at work. He remembers staring at the computer screen, feeling constantly agitated and struggling to concentrate. "I was expected to just get back on the horse and fulfil my pre-dad life at work," the father of two says. It's a story familiar to many women. Mothers remain the dominant caregivers and have long wrestled with how to balance careers and family. But many fathers are showing signs of strain in the workplace as obligations outside their jobs grow. 'Anxiety is rising' Amy Beacom, founder of the Centre for Parental Leave Leadership, works with companies like Microsoft and energy firm Phillips 66 to provide coaching and training tied to parental leave. She says the pressures commonly felt by mothers are increasingly weighing on fathers who no longer just need to "bring home the pay cheque". "Now they are expected to be at home too and their stress levels are rising, their postpartum depression levels are rising, and their anxiety is rising. That has very real effects in the workplace," Ms Beacom says. Her US-based organisation wants companies to conduct mental health screening during the perinatal period, which runs from pregnancy to one year after birth, for mothers and fathers. "We're doing it for the mums and we're pushing it for the dads," she says. Shifting landscape Those kinds of screenings may be some way off but companies are taking other steps to support dads at work. "Men are more involved in their kids' lives more than ever before. But what hasn't changed is the number of hours that men are working," says Kiri Stejko, chief services officer at Parents at Work. The consultancy provides workplace training to clients in Australia, the UK and Hong Kong to help parents juggle career, family and wellbeing. She works with firms including Deloitte and HSBC, and says employers want to make the issue not just about women and babies, but about families and parents. At a practical level, that means extending programmes previously targeted towards women, like leave to care for a new baby or flexible work arrangements. Many men want to work more flexibly, Ms Stejko says, but find it is "not really accepted yet". Some men feel there's a stigma tied to pulling back from work and asking for help can seem too risky to their career. It's a concern observed by father of five Alex Laguna, who set up the website BetterDads. Initially a platform to support men going through divorce, the site now also touches on wider issues of work and family. Mr Laguna says men often struggle to step away from their jobs, hung up on worries over how it will look to "other men we work with". "It's really very nerve-wracking to say no to work," the Sydney dad says. The 44-year-old, who also runs a lighting company, says his generation hasn't had many role models on how to balance family and work in the way that is now expected. "We're the first to go through it, we're faced with a lot of challenges." Starting conversations Experts welcome efforts by companies to support working dads while calling for more to be done to build awareness. Terri Smith, chief executive of not-for-profit group Perinatal Anxiety and Depression Australia, says many people aren't aware that perinatal mental illness affects men - and therefore can't offer support. She says the first step is recognising it is "a real illness" and starting discussions about it in the workplace. Mark Williams from Bridgend in Wales suffered from depression after the traumatic birth of his son, and found returning to work as a sales and marketing trainer so difficult that he had to resign. He founded the charity Fathers Reaching Out and campaigns to raise awareness in the UK. "It is not just depression, men could be suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, or anxiety," he says. "You may already be mentally suffering at home, and all of a sudden, bang, two weeks after the birth, it is time to go back to work." He says managers and health professionals need to ask new fathers how they are feeling and be prepared to provide support. Mr Edwards agrees, and thinks he would have benefited from his boss simply checking in on him after he returned to work. "I would get a lot of how's everything going at home, how's your partner going? But nothing about me," he says. The public sector worker says he's in a much better place now and wants to help others. "Showing the new dad that looking after themselves is really important, because how I felt through those dark few months… it wasn't pleasant and I know it had an impact on my work as well."

ডেভ এডওয়ার্ড বলছেন, তার সন্তান জন্মের সময় থেকেই যে চিৎকার করতে শুরু করে এবং পরের বারো মাসে তা আর থামে নি।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Laurence BroersSouth Caucasus expert, Chatham House In scale and scope, the fighting that broke out on Sunday surpasses the periodic escalations of recent years, involving heavy artillery, tanks, missiles and drones. So far there are more than 100 confirmed deaths among civilians and Armenian combatants killed in action. Azerbaijan does not release data on its military losses, but these can be assumed to be at least as high. The fighting appears to be driven by an attempt by Azerbaijani forces to recapture swathes of territories occupied by Armenian forces in the Karabakh war after the Soviet Union collapsed. Hundreds of thousands of ethnic Azeris were displaced from these areas in 1992-4. The escalation follows a tense year - a diplomatic standoff, belligerent rhetoric and clashes in July to the north in the area of the international border between Armenia and Azerbaijan. What are the dangers? Previous escalations between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces have been contained after a few days. The intensity of the current fighting indicates that this may not be possible this time. Populated areas within the contested territory of Nagorno-Karabakh have been hit by missile strikes and bombardments for the first time since the 1990s. Civilian targets in Armenia and in Azerbaijan have also been hit. Both sides appear to be digging in for a longer conflict. Azerbaijan has rejected renewed negotiations with Armenia, and unlike in previous escalations it has a greater degree of Turkish support to count on. The danger is that a longer, protracted conflict will see increased involvement by outside powers, risking a wider regional war. What is Turkey's role? Turkey has traditionally provided moral and diplomatic support to its fellow Turkic nation and key geo-strategic partner Azerbaijan. Contacts between defence officials of both states intensified after July's clashes, and joint military exercises followed. Since the fighting started on Sunday, Turkey has declared its unconditional support to Azerbaijan, and appears to be lending Azerbaijani various kinds of military capability. There is little doubt that highly regarded Turkish military drone technology is being deployed. Yerevan has also accused Ankara of shooting down an Armenian SU-25 aircraft on 29 September, which Ankara denies. Although such claims have been made before and found to be untrue, there are also unconfirmed - but growing - claims that Turkey has mobilised mercenaries from Syria to fight for Azerbaijan. What is Russia's role? Russia plays diverse, often contradictory, roles in the conflict. Through bilateral ties and the Collective Security Treaty Organisation, Moscow provides Armenia with security guarantees, but these do not extend to the combat zone in Nagorno-Karabakh, which is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Moscow also supplies weapons to both sides and is one of the co-chairs of the Minsk Group mediating the conflict. Russia has called for a ceasefire, but unlike previous large-scale escalations it has yet to convene a meeting of Armenian and Azerbaijani political or military leaderships. Moscow has an uneasy relationship with Armenia's new post-2018 leader Nikol Pashinyan, and Yerevan would undoubtedly prefer to handle the escalation as far as possible on its own. Russia was not able in the 1990s to deploy peacekeeping forces on the ground in Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenian misgivings that Moscow's assistance would come with strings attached drives caution in asking for Russian support. For as long as combat is contained to contested territory in and around Nagorno-Karabakh, the optics of preserving Russian neutrality make Moscow's overt involvement unlikely. However, a longer conflict with increasing Turkish participation would threaten Russia's dominance in an area it considers part of its sphere of privileged interests, and invite a response. How has the international community reacted? With the exception of Turkey, other regional and global powers have called for restraint. Iran, Georgia and Qatar have offered to mediate. A meeting of the United Nations Security Council on 29 September affirmed the primary role of the Minsk Group, chaired by France, Russia and the United States, of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, in mediating between Armenia and Azerbaijan. But concentrating sufficient international attention and commitment to renewing diplomacy will be challenging. The fighting coincides with a period of international distraction due to the global pandemic, the US elections and a traditional pattern where focus falls away once a ceasefire is agreed. How might events play out? Rapid and consolidated military success, either through recapture of significant territory by Azerbaijan, or the repelling of Azerbaijani operations by Armenian forces, could open up scope for a ceasefire, but trigger domestic instability in whichever side fares worse. The longer that fighting goes on, and/or if one side is seen to be losing in a more protracted struggle, the more likely it is that Russia and Turkey will face difficult choices over whether to become more involved. Laurence Broers is Caucasus programme director at peace-building organisation Conciliation Resources and author of Armenia and Azerbaijan: Anatomy of a Rivalry

আর্মেনিয়া এবং আজারবাইজানের সশস্ত্র বাহিনীর মধ্যে লড়াই শুরু হয়ে গেছে বিতর্কিত নাগোর্নো-কারাবাখ অঞ্চল নিয়ে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The renowned theoretical physicist's final resting place will also be near that of Charles Darwin, who was buried there in 1882. Prof Hawking, who had motor neurone disease, died on 14 March, aged 76, at his home in Cambridge. The Dean of Westminster said the location was "entirely fitting". A private funeral service will take place at Great St Mary's, the University Church on 31 March, Prof Hawking's family said. The church is close to Gonville and Caius College, where Prof Hawking had been a fellow for more than 50 years. The thanksgiving service at Westminster Abbey will take place later in the year. Announcing funeral arrangements on the college website, Prof Hawking's children Lucy, Robert and Tim said: "Our father lived and worked in Cambridge for over 50 years. "He was an integral and highly recognisable part of the university and the city. "For this reason, we have decided to hold his funeral in the city that he loved so much and which loved him. Our father's life and work meant many things to many people, both religious and non-religious. So, the service will be both inclusive and traditional, reflecting the breadth and diversity of his life." The Dean of Westminster, the Very Reverend Dr John Hall, said: "It is entirely fitting that the remains of Professor Stephen Hawking are to be buried in the Abbey, near those of distinguished fellow scientists. "Sir Isaac Newton was buried in the Abbey in 1727. Charles Darwin was buried beside Isaac Newton in 1882." He added: "We believe it to be vital that science and religion work together to seek to answer the great questions of the mystery of life and of the universe."

আন্তর্জাতিক খ্যাতি সম্পন্ন ব্রিটিশ বিজ্ঞানী স্টিভেন হকিং-কে ওয়েস্টমিনস্টার অ্যাবেতে আরেক বিখ্যাত বিজ্ঞানী আইজ্যাক নিউটনের পাশে সমাহিত করা হবে বলে জানা গেছে। তার কাছেই থাকবেন আরো একজন বিজ্ঞানী বিবর্তনবাদের জনক চার্লস ডারউইন। তাকে কবর দেওয়া হয়েছিলো ১৮৮২ সালে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Alice CuddyBBC News There have been more than 55 million cases of the virus confirmed around the world and more than 1.3 million deaths. Many hopes are pinned on a vaccine as a solution. But there are concerns that poorer nations could get left behind. We have spoken to the experts about the main concerns that lie ahead and whether efforts to come up with a fair system will actually work. The rush to buy in advance Early results indicate that at least two vaccines are highly effective, several others have reached late-stage trials, and many more are at some stage of development. None of these vaccines has been approved yet, but that hasn't stopped countries purchasing doses in advance. A key research centre in the US - Duke University in North Carolina - is trying to keep tabs on all the deals being done. It estimates that 6.4 billion doses of potential vaccines have already been bought, and another 3.2 billion are either under negotiation or reserved as "optional expansions of existing deals". The process of advance purchasing is well established in the pharmaceutical industry, as it can help to incentivise the development of products and fund trials, according to Clare Wenham, assistant professor of global health policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science. But it also means that whoever can pay the most at the earliest stage of production gets to the front of the queue, she says. And Duke's research found that the "vast majority" of vaccine doses that have been bought so far are going to high-income countries. Some middle-income countries with manufacturing capacity have also been able to negotiate large purchase agreements as part of manufacturing deals. While other countries with the infrastructure to host clinical trials - such as Brazil and Mexico - have been able to use that as leverage in procuring future vaccines. India's Serum Institute, for example, has committed to keeping half of all doses it produces for in-country distribution. Meanwhile, Indonesia is partnering with Chinese vaccine developers and Brazil is partnering with the trials run by the University of Oxford and pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca. Because we do not yet know which vaccines will work, some countries are hedging their bets by purchasing multiple options. India, the EU, the US, Canada and the UK are among the countries which have reserved the most doses, according to the latest data. The World Health Organization (WHO) told the BBC it was "understandable that leaders want to protect their own people first - they are accountable to their citizens - but the response to this global pandemic must be collective". Delivering a limited supply to the world Andrea Taylor, who has been leading the Duke analysis, said the combination of advance purchase agreements and limits on the number of doses that can be manufactured in the next couple of years meant "we're heading into a scenario where the rich countries will have vaccines and the poorer countries are unlikely to have access". Experts note that we do not know yet how many vaccines might make it on to the market, or when they will become available. Deals are still being made, and questions remain about details of distribution. According to Chandrakant Lahariya, co-author of the upcoming book Till We Win: India's Fight Against the Covid-19 Pandemic, availability in poorer countries could depend on how many vaccines are developed, how quickly and where they are manufactured. "There are vaccines developed in India, and with our production capacity I foresee that the price could come down very quickly and availability in low- and middle-income countries will be very high." Rachel Silverman, a policy analyst at the Center for Global Development think-tank in the US, said the most promising vaccines "are largely covered by advanced purchase agreements, mostly from wealthy countries". "However, the big asterisk is that if there are many successful vaccines, there will be enough overall supply so that the wealthy countries would not necessarily exercise all their options." Ms Silverman said recent announcements about some vaccines reaching more than 90% effectiveness - notably those from pharmaceutical companies Pfizer and Moderna - were "exceptional scientific news". But she added: "There is very little likelihood that it will make it to low- and middle-income countries by the end of next year, at least in any significant numbers for mass vaccination." Pfizer says it hopes to produce up to 50 million doses in 2020 and up to 1.3 billion doses in 2021. Each person needs two doses. "Just doing the maths… you can see it's not enough to go around [from that alone]," Ms Silverman said. However, she says now Moderna has also shown similarly promising results, there is more hope, as even more vaccines could follow. The Moderna vaccine also has fewer requirements about cold storage, which has been a concern for poorer countries, particularly in warmer areas, and those with remote areas and limited electricity. A new landmark distribution plan Of course inequality in global health is nothing new. The WHO estimates that nearly 20 million infants have insufficient access to vaccines each year. Research shows that during the 2009 "swine flu" pandemic the supply of vaccines was dominated by advance purchase agreements with wealthy states. "We talk about the 90/10 divide in global health - 90% of the world's pharmaceutical products serve 10% of the world's population. This is part of that story," Ms Wenham said. "But there's a difference between the fact that the market has loads and loads of erectile dysfunction drugs but no cures for Dengue fever... to us all now being in the same boat and us all facing exactly the same need for the same product, and that product being finite." A landmark global vaccine plan known as Covax is seeking to ensure an equitable distribution of future coronavirus vaccines. The joint initiative - between the Gavi vaccines alliance, the WHO and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) - aims to procure enough vaccines for participating countries to inoculate at least 20% of their populations. The programme is designed so that richer countries buying vaccines agree to help finance access for poorer nations, too. So far, some 186 economies are involved. Gavi says it has exceeded an initial target of raising more than $2bn (£1.5bn) to buy and distribute vaccines among 92 eligible countries which would otherwise be unable to afford them, but needs at least $5bn more in 2021. Covax has already secured advance purchase agreements on hundreds of millions of doses of potential vaccines to be distributed equitably among countries. AstraZeneca, which is developing a vaccine with Oxford University, is part of the initiative. CEO Pascal Soriot says the company's "objective is to enable every country around the world to get access more or less at the same time". The company has said it will not profit from its vaccine "during the pandemic". Pfizer has not signed up to Covax but told the BBC "there are discussions ongoing". The company said it was "committed to ensuring everyone has the opportunity" to access the vaccine, and had developed solutions to storage issues as its product need to be kept in ultra-low temperatures. Moderna also hasn't made any deals to supply through Covax, but Gavi says talks are under way. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said she was a "bit concerned" about the lack of deals on major vaccines. She was speaking after leaders of the world's biggest economies - the G20 - pledged to ensure the affordable and fair distribution of coronavirus vaccines, so that poorer countries were not left out. The countries doing side deals Concerns have also been raised over the fact that several Covax signatories, including the UK and Canada, are directly negotiating their own deals with pharmaceutical companies. "They're investing generously in Covax but at the same time they're undermining that by taking doses off the market when we know demand will outstrip supply," said Duke researcher Ms Taylor. When asked if wealthy countries were undermining the spirit of the initiative, Gavi CEO Seth Berkley said it was a "complicated question". "Every political leader wants to protect their own population, so in a sense that's what you would expect to happen. But in a pandemic of course we're only safe if we're all safe, so in that circumstance they need to be thinking about both of those issues," he said. Human rights groups including Amnesty International and charities like Oxfam say more needs to be done to ensure global access to future vaccines. They have urged pharmaceutical companies to share information through the WHO's Covid-19 Technology Access Pool. "No single company can supply enough, and unless we tackle the problem with supply, we're going to have rich countries competing with poor countries and rich countries will always win," said Oxfam health policy adviser Anna Marriott. "All of the vaccine manufacturers and the pharmaceutical corporations should pool their science and data, and commit to transferring their technology so that we can scale up production. No-one has come forward for that." Policy analyst Ms Silverman said: "One way you can sometimes get rapid scale-up of health technologies for use in low- and middle-income countries is through licensing to generic manufacturers." But she added: "This often gets into disputes about intellectual property and pricing and can be quite contentious." While the scale of infections, deaths and restrictions varies in different countries, the WHO says any vaccine needs to be available in all countries to tackle the virus. "With such a highly contagious virus, and in a globalised world, no country will be safe from the fallout of the pandemic until all countries are protected."

করোনাভাইরাস সংক্রমণ বিশ্বব্যাপি ছড়িয়ে পড়ার পর থেকেই স্বাস্থ্য বিশেষজ্ঞরা বলে আসছেন, কেবলমাত্র একটি কার্যকর টিকাই পারে এ মহামারিকে সফলভাবে মোকাবিলা করতে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Mr Trump said E. Jean Carroll was "totally lying" about the alleged attack in a New York department store. "I'll say it with great respect: Number one, she's not my type. Number two, it never happened. It never happened, OK?" Mr Trump told The Hill. Ms Carroll, 75, made the allegations in the New York magazine last Friday. In follow-up interviews with CNN and MSNBC, the Elle columnist said she would consider pressing charges against Mr Trump. Ms Carroll is the 16th woman to accuse Mr Trump of sexual misconduct. Mr Trump has denied all allegations against him. What does E. Jean Carroll allege? She says the attack allegedly happened at a Bergdorf Goodman store in Manhattan in late 1995 or early 1996, when the pair bumped into each other while shopping. The former Apprentice star and real estate magnate allegedly asked her for advice when buying lingerie for another woman and jokingly asked her to model it for him. In the changing rooms, she said Mr Trump lunged at her, pinned her against a wall and forced himself on her. Ms Carroll, whose "Ask E. Jean" advice column has appeared in Elle magazine since 1993, claims she managed to push him off after a "colossal struggle". Mounting accusations and a muted response At this point it's hard to keep track of the total number of women who have come forward to accuse Donald Trump of sexual improprieties ranging from unwanted touching to assault The response from the president, however, is easy to remember because it's almost always the same: The women are lying. He doesn't recall ever meeting them. They're in it for the money and attention. Or, as in this case, they're not his "type". As the allegations mount, these defences become more difficult to make - complicated further by the Access Hollywood recording of Mr Trump boasting about kissing and groping women without their consent. Of course, Mr Trump won the presidency after many of these women had already come forward and the Access Hollywood tape was public. Stories about Mr Trump's past behaviour are, as the old political saying goes, "baked into the cake". Without conclusive evidence of the alleged assault, E Jean Carroll's account is unlikely to change the political dynamic heading into the next election. Those who dislike the president will vote against him. Those who support him - or tolerate him because of his conservative policies - will stick by him. How did Mr Trump respond? Speaking to The Hill from the White House on Monday, Mr Trump staunchly dismissed the allegations due to appear in Ms Carroll's forthcoming book, What Do We Need Men For? A Modest Proposal. He denied even knowing Ms Carroll despite being pictured with her in New York magazine alongside details of her allegations. "She is — it's just a terrible thing that people can make statements like that," he said. It is his third denial since Ms Carroll went public, with Mr Trump previously accusing her of "trying to sell a new book" and "peddling fake news". In response to Mr Trump's latest denial and "not my type" comment, Ms Carroll told CNN: "I love that I'm not his type." In 2016, Mr Trump made similar remarks about another accuser, Jessica Leeds, who alleges he groped her on an aeroplane in the 1980s. Addressing crowds at a rally, Mr Trump said "she would not be my first choice".

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের একজন নারী কলামিস্ট প্রেসিডেন্ট ট্রাম্পের বিরুদ্ধে ১৯৯০-এর দশকে তাকে ধর্ষণের যে অভিযোগ করেছেন মি. ট্রাম্প তা আবারও অস্বীকার করে বলেছেন, "তিনি আমার পছন্দের নন।"

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By M Ilyas KhanBBC News, Peshawar She was from Nowshera, northern Pakistan, where society is conservative and tolerance for non-conformity runs thin. And Maya didn't conform. She was transgender, born male but identifying and living as woman. She had escaped abuse at home three times, running far away each time. She'd found happiness and a new community, but then took the chance of moving closer to her family home in Peshawar. "I wish we had known better," says her childhood friend Mehek Khan. Because Maya's family tracked her down and within a month of her move, she was dead. Police suspect her brother and uncle killed her, but they have denied any involvement. Rights activists allege the police have left many loopholes in the case, meaning justice may never be reached for Maya, as for so many of Pakistan's murdered transgender women. 'We were drawn to each other' In Maya's home state of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, transgender women tend to identify as being a third gender - they often refer to themselves as "she-males". A series of court rulings since 2009 have recognised a third gender in law, but implementation is problematic. Socially, transgender individuals continue to be treated as lesser beings, having no right to claim privacy or personal dignity, or even safety. Maya's story highlights the dark side of these realities. "We were drawn to each other right from the start," says Mehek. "It may be because we were becoming aware of our common gender." Maya and Mehek grew up across the road from each other in the rural outskirts of Nowshera. Both were born male, but always felt female, says Mehek. She would sometimes put on a dupatta (a head scarf) or paint her nails. Mehek's father and uncle considered her a disgrace. "They would often beat me up, lock me in a room... but I couldn't stop repeating it," Mehek says. Maya faced the same treatment from her male relatives when she experimented with dressing as a woman. Things became harder as they approached their teens, says Mehek, when "she-males start feeling they are not what people think they are". "When that happens, life with the family becomes increasingly difficult, and you wait for an opportunity to step out." The two fantasised for years about running away and becoming great dancers, and then, in 2016, Mehek finally managed to do so. She fled to Peshawar, where a boyfriend found her work at a garment factory. It was a year before she heard from Maya, who called her saying she was planning to escape. "I was so happy I cried," says Mehek. Maya and Mehek moved together to Kamra, in the northern highlands of Punjab province, and into the care of a guru. Pushed to the fringes of society, transgender women in Pakistan tend to cluster in small communities organised around an older trans woman, a guru, who acts as their guardian and protector in exchange for a cut of their earnings. The guru will also teach them how to dress and perform, so they have access to one of the few sources of income available for them - as wedding dancers. Betrayed and dragged home The year the two spent fulfilling their dream of dancing "was the best year of our lives", says Mehek. Having transgender dancers at weddings is not only a cheaper alternative but also spares the hosts the censure they would expect from community elders if they invited cisgender women. For dancers, it's a way of avoiding having to beg, or enter sex work. "We went all over Pothowar region, dancing at weddings and other parties, and making more money than we had seen before." But it was a brief period of happiness - they were both ultimately betrayed by boyfriends, who tricked them into putting themselves in the path of their families. Both were dragged back home. Both women had their hair cropped and, Mehek says, were tortured. Maya was badly beaten, she says, and her brother chained her to a bed in the basement of their house for several days. Undeterred, in March, they both escaped again, eventually ending up in Peshawar, where the trend for "Tommy dancers" - transwomen dancers with a less feminine look - meant they could still get wedding work, despite their shorn heads. Naina Khan became their new guru. She described how Maya seemed to be settling well in Peshawar. "She was quite relaxed, and bold, almost over-confident," she says. But then on Saturday, "the doorbell rang and an old acquaintance walked in, holding a phone in his hand", she says, sitting in the nine-room apartment where she houses nearly 20 youthful chailas, or disciples. Maya was reclining in a cot in the lounge, she says, talking on phone. The visitor sat in another cot, and kept looking at his phone, sometimes stealing a glance at Maya. "I now suspect he had Maya's picture in his phone and wanted to confirm her presence," Naina says. The visitor left abruptly. Minutes later the bell rang again, and three men walked in. "I saw Maya rush in. She quickly removed her earrings and nose-pin, turned off her phone, put everything in a purse and gave it to me. She was very frightened. She said her brother and uncle had come to get her." A tall young man barged into the room, walked up to Maya and hit her. Naina and her chailas rushed in. The man pulled out a gun but Naina refused to be intimidated and, with the help of the others, was able to push all three men out of the apartment. But within half-an-hour, a police party arrived and the officer ordered Maya to go with him. When Naina intervened, he said Maya had stolen gold from her home. Left with no option, Naina and her chailas decided they would accompany them to the nearby police station. Over the next couple of hours, they raised a ruckus, demanding to know why Maya was there since she didn't want to go home. She was an adult, they said, and couldn't be forced to do anything she didn't want. The head of the police station assured her that they just wanted Maya to have a word with her father, who was on his way from Nowshera, and that after that, Maya would be free to go where she wanted. Naina and her followers left for a wedding appointment, but when they went back to the police station in the early hours, Maya was not there. A law that can clear murderers What happened to Maya that night is not clear, and may never be. A top police officer of Peshawar city, Zahoor Afridi, told the BBC that Maya had given her consent to leave with her father, uncle and other male relatives. But an undertaking shown to BBC by the Hashtnagri police is written on a plain paper and signed only by her father and uncle, not Maya. Investigations by Nowshera police showed that the car carrying Maya had stopped briefly at a petrol station owned by her uncle. There, Maya was moved to the car in which her uncle and brother were travelling. The rest of the family was asked to proceed home. The next morning Maya was found dead, lying in a pool of blood in the woods near Nowshera. Nearly a dozen people have been arrested so far, including Maya's father, her brother, uncle and other members of the extended family. In statements to court, they all denied having killed Maya. All have been released on bail. Taimur Kamal, a transgender rights activist, says the circumstantial evidence is strong, but the police are "reluctant to include some relevant clauses in the case that will make it hard for the offenders to avoid punishment". For years in Pakistan, the heirs of a murdered person had the right to pardon the killers in exchange for blood money, an ancient Arab custom. However, in 2016, in order to curb so-called honour killings - and letting families get away with murder and walk away with money - parliament abolished this right in all cases classified as "honour crimes". "Maya's is clearly an honour killing," says Taimur Kamal. "But the police haven't included the honour clause in the case, which leaves the door open for Maya's mother or sister to pardon her killers." A body unclaimed but paid for Peshawar-based transgender rights group Transaction says at least 70 trans women have been murdered in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province alone since 2015, when the group started keeping data on crimes against the community. Among the more recent cases, that of a Peshawar trans woman, Nazo, stands out. She was killed by two friends in July last year. They hacked her body into pieces, stuffed it in plastic bags and were carrying it for disposal when police caught them. Nazo's family considered it below their dignity to accept her body, so it was buried in a police graveyard in Peshawar. But they did feel they owned Nazo when they were offered blood money by the killers in return for filing a pardon in court. The two men were acquitted on the basis of that pardon two months ago. More recently, a trans woman from Mardan was allegedly killed by her family. Though pictures of her dead body were circulated by rights activists on social media, no-one filed a murder case with the police, nor did the police bother to act on the tip. According to rights activists, a majority of these murders are committed by angry lovers. Murders by family members are rare, mainly because most trans-women leave their homes at an early age and lose all contact with their relatives. The only "relatives" these trans women are left with are members of the community where they live. And that is where they are missed the most when they are gone. Naina, Maya's former guru, says she is reminded of her every time she opens her safe. "I see her purse, and start crying. It's all there; some money, her phone, her national ID, her jewellery. She was so young. You can't look at a young person and imagine death." For Mehek, Maya's memories run even deeper. "Naina is kind and protective, and our place is bustling with friendly she-males. But my heart continues to be in pain. I've lost my best friend and no-one will ever replace her," she says.

২০১৯ সালের শুরুর দিকে, মায়া পালিয়ে যান- তবে তিনি এজন্য বেশ খুশি ছিলেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The region has not had access to the internet for more than 150 days, India's longest such shutdown. The government suspended internet, mobile phone and landline services in Kashmir before stripping it of partial autonomy on 5 August. The court was responding to a clutch of petitions challenging the restrictions. "Complete curb of internet must be considered by the state only as an extraordinary measure," said Justice NV Ramana, reading out the judgement on Friday, adding that access to the internet was part of the right to freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by the constitution. The three-judge bench also ruled that the indefinite suspension of internet services is "impermissible" and such restrictions can "be temporary only". Some mobile phone and landline services were restored in October, but the indefinite internet suspension has crippled daily life, the media and businesses. The move by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government to revoke the region's autonomy was controversial as it underpinned Kashmir's fraught relationship with Delhi. India has also been fighting a long-running insurgency in the Muslim-majority valley. The second-longest internet shutdown in India was also in Kashmir - it lasted from 8 July to 19 November in 2016. But the blackout this time -which also initially included phone services - has severely hurt the region's economy. A range of businesses, from IT services to trade are struggling to operate. A colonial-era law, known as section 144, which prohibits a gathering of more than four people to prevent violence or any disruption of law and order, has also been imposed in the region. But the court ruled that the law cannot be used "as a curb on legitimate expression of democratic rights." It ordered the government to review all orders imposing such restrictions within seven days. While the government has maintained that the region has been largely calm, it has also said the restrictions have been in place to prevent violence. In October, parliament also formally divided the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two new federally-administered territories, which are now ruled directly from the capital Delhi. Union territories have far less autonomy from the federal government than states do. It's widely believed that this was done to tighten the Indian government's control over the part of Kashmir it administers. India's longest shutdowns:

ভারত শাসিত কাশ্মীরে ইন্টারনেট সেবা বন্ধ রাখার সিদ্ধান্ত আগামী সাতদিনের মধ্যে পুনর্বিবেচনা করার রায় দিয়েছে ভারতের সুপ্রিম কোর্ট। পাশাপাশি আইন-শৃঙ্খলা রক্ষাকারী বাহিনীর জারি করা ১৪৪ ধারাও আগামী সাতদিনের মধ্যে পুনর্বিবেচনা করার রায় দিয়েছে আদালত।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The White House said the two men would first meet at 09:00 local time and that Mr Trump was receiving daily briefings. But it said sanctions would not be lifted against North Korea unless it gave up its nuclear weapons. With one week to go to the summit, hosted by Singapore, remarkably few details have been publicly confirmed. It remains unclear exactly where in the city state the two will meet. Discussions on the denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula are expected to be high on the agenda, although some analysts have speculated that a formal end to the Korean War is also on the table. There was initially much uncertainty over whether the summit would go ahead at all, and it was briefly called off last month by Mr Trump after a dispute with the North Koreans. White House spokeswoman Sarah Sanders told reporters on Monday that the president "has been receiving daily briefings on North Korea from his national security team". "And I can also tell you the schedule tentatively for that first meeting will be on June 12 at 9am Singapore time." That time is 01:00 GMT and 21:00 Tuesday 11 June in Washington. 'Sanctions remain in place' Asked if the US would continue with Mr Trump's policy of placing "maximum pressure" on Pyongyang, Ms Sanders said that view had not changed. "We have sanctions on, they are very powerful and we would not take those sanctions off unless North Korea denuclearised." Mr Trump has credited his "maximum pressure" policy with bringing North Korea to the negotiating table. But after meeting a senior North Korean official in Washington last week, he said he did not want to use the term anymore, because the two sides were "getting along". He said as North Korea was being more co-operative he would hold off on imposing new sanctions. Ahead of the summit, North Korea has been engaged in a flurry of diplomatic activity. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov made an unexpected visit to Pyongyang and the two countries are now making plans for Mr Kim to visit Moscow later this year. Russia said it did not want to interfere in the diplomatic efforts of the US. Over the weekend, North Korea said that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad was planning a state visit to North Korea as well. Warning over 'bad deal' Pyongyang's offer to attend direct talks with Washington came unexpectedly after a thaw between North and South Korea earlier this year. But while top level summits commonly require months of preparations, the run-up to the Trump-Kim summit has been marked by very little time and visible diplomacy. There have been concerns this could jeopardise the meeting. US Democrats have urged Mr Trump not to waste the opportunity presented by the meeting. In a letter to the president, seven influential Democrats warned that any outcome that would ease sanctions without a verification of Pyongyang's efforts to dismantle its nuclear and missile arsenal was "a bad deal". "As we approach what could be a historic summit I'm concerned that the president lacks a real strategy in place on North Korea and risks squandering a potentially historic opportunity, putting our security and that of our allies at risk," Democrat Senator Robert Menendez of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee told reporters.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের পক্ষ থেকে জানানো হয়েছে যে ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প আর কিম জং-আনের ১২ই জুনের বৈঠকের প্রস্তুতি ঠিকভাবেই চলছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Mark Sedwill said the rights of those granted residence after five years were "quite clear" in law and it amounted to a guarantee of their future status. But he told MPs the rights of other EU nationals were subject to negotiations on Brexit and the "will of Parliament". Ministers have been urged not to use EU citizens as "bargaining chips". The UK says it will seek curbs on free movement rules - which currently give EU nationals the right to live and work in other member states - as part of its EU exit deal but it is unclear how this will work and what implications it will have for EU nationals already in the UK. The government has declined to give a firm guarantee about the status of EU nationals currently living in the UK, saying this is not possible without a reciprocal pledge from other EU members about the millions of British nationals living on the continent. 'Inflection point' Appearing before the Home Affairs Select Committee, Mr Sedwill - who is the top official at the Home Office - was pressed on the issue and recent remarks by David Davis, the minister in day-to-day charge of EU exit, that there could be a cut-off point after which EU nationals arriving in the UK were not guaranteed the right to stay. In response to questioning by committee chair Keith Vaz, Mr Sedwill said EU nationals in the UK could be sure that their rights would be protected until the moment the UK leaves the EU and there would be "no knock on the door" telling them that they had to leave. But he said the entitlements of existing EU nationals after Brexit - such as their right to work, to be paid benefits and use the NHS - would be subject to the outcome of the UK's negotiations while the legal status of people who arrived in the UK after EU exit would clearly be different. "What Mr Davis was trying to address was that if there is a surge, might there need to be as part of that eventual package an inflection point between now and that date at which we say 'people before have one set of entitlements, people after that date have a different set of entitlements'," he said. "It is quite clear after we leave the entitlements change - the question is what happens between now and then." Mr Sedwill added: "It will be determined by the negotiations exactly what entitlements an EU citizen who arrives after the UK leaves the EU has. It could be the same as we might offer to an American. It could be different." But he told MPs a specific distinction should be drawn between EU citizens who had obtained permanent right to residence by virtue of living in the UK for five years and everyone else. 'Rumours spreading' He said both former prime minister David Cameron and ex-immigration minister James Brokenshire, who is now Northern Ireland secretary, had said they could not conceive of a situation where permanent residents - whose eligibility is based on a five-year continuous period of residence and other factors - were stripped of their rights retrospectively. "People have got that right of permanent residence and that right is associated with other international treaties that the UK is members of such as human rights legislation under the human rights act," he said. "It is under EU law at the moment but it is a right the UK respects." Asked why the UK did not just give a firm guarantee to those in such a situation, he replied: "I think for people who have the five-year residence, we have in effect had a guarantee". "It is not for me to do so (give a personal guarantee) but in the end Parliament does. It is set out in law. The current law it is clearly the case." Amid concerns about the preparedness of Whitehall for the process of negotiating EU exit, Mr Sedwill said the Home Office had agreed to deploy a handful of top civil servants to work in Mr Davis's new Brexit department. Earlier, the Romanian Ambassador to the UK said more must be done to reassure EU nationals they could continue to live in the UK despite the vote to leave the EU. Dan Milhalche told MPs "rumours were spreading" that foreign nationals, particularly unskilled workers, may no longer be welcome and he said these fears must be addressed in a "calm and rational" way. If the UK wanted to impose a right-to-stay "cut-off date", Mr Milhalche said it should be negotiated within the structure of existing EU Treaties or as part of a new agreement with the other 27 member states. But he said he would be "cautious" about claims that a cut-off date could lead to a surge of people from Romania and other countries coming to the UK, saying similar suggestions in 2014 that the lifting of restrictions on Romanians and Bulgarians from seeking work in the UK would lead to a mass influx "had not been proven".

ব্রিটেনের প্রধানমন্ত্রী বলেছেন ব্রেক্সিটের পরও একজন বৈধ অভিবাসী,যিনি ইইউ নাগরিক তিনি একজন ব্রিটিশ নাগরিকের সমান সব ধরনের অধিকার পাবেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The "nation state" law says Jews have a unique right to national self-determination there and puts Hebrew above Arabic as the official language. Arab MPs reacted furiously in parliament, with one waving a black flag and others ripping up the bill. Israel's prime minister praised the bill's passage as a "defining moment". "A hundred and twenty-two years after [the founder of modern Zionism Theodore] Herzl made his vision known, with this law we determined the founding principle of our existence," Benjamin Netanyahu said. "Israel is the nation state of the Jewish people, and respects the rights of all of its citizens." However, the law risks further alienating Israel's large Arab minority, who have long felt discriminated against. What does the law say? Called The Basic Law: Israel as the Nation State of the Jewish People, the legislation essentially defines Israel first and foremost as a Jewish state. Among its 11 provisions, it describes Israel as "the national home of the Jewish people" and says the right to exercise national self-determination there is "unique to the Jewish people". It also reiterates the status of Jerusalem under Israeli law, which defines the city - part of which is claimed by the Palestinians as the capital of a future state - as the "complete and united... capital of Israel". Controversially, the law singles out Hebrew as the "state's language", effectively prioritising it above Arabic which has for decades been recognised as an official language alongside Hebrew. It ascribes Arabic "special status" and says its standing before the law came into effect will not be harmed. In one of its clauses, the law stresses the importance of "development of Jewish settlement as a national value", though it is unclear whether this also alludes to settlement in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Why was this law created? The question of Israel's status as a Jewish state is politically controversial and has long been debated. Before now, it has not been enshrined in law. Some Israeli Jewish politicians consider that the founding principles of Israel's creation, as a state for Jews in their ancient homeland, are under threat and could become less relevant, or obsolete, in the future. Fears over the high birth-rate of Israeli Arabs, as well as possible alternatives to a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict which could challenge Israel's Jewish majority, have spurred on calls to anchor the Jewishness of Israel in law. The bill has been under discussion since it was first introduced in 2011 and has undergone multiple amendments, with the final version watering down or dropping altogether sections regarded as discriminatory. Israel has no constitution but instead passed over time a series of Basic Laws which have constitutional status. The nation state law is the 14th such basic law. The issue of Israel as a Jewish state has become increasingly important in recent years and a key dispute between Israel and the Palestinians. Benjamin Netanyahu has repeatedly insisted that the Palestinians must recognise Israel as a Jewish state in any final peace settlement. He argues that the Palestinians' refusal to do so is the biggest obstacle to peace, saying it demonstrates that the Palestinians do not genuinely recognise Israel's right to exist. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas meanwhile has said he will never recognise Israel as a Jewish state, arguing that the Palestinians have long recognised the State of Israel and should not be expected to go further. Why does it matter? It is important because it is hugely symbolic, and according to Israel's Arab minority, evidence that Israel is downgrading their status. Israeli Arabs, many of whom identify as or with Palestinians, comprise about 20% of the country's nine million-strong population. They have equal rights under the law but have long complained of being treated as second-class citizens and say they face discrimination and worse provision than Israeli Jews when it comes to services such as education, health and housing. Civil rights groups have denounced the law and some critics, including one Arab MP described it as apartheid - the state-sanctioned racial discrimination of black people during white-minority rule in South Africa. Israel is often accused by its fiercest critics of practising a system akin to apartheid against Israeli Arabs and Palestinians in the occupied West Bank. Israel vehemently rejects the allegation as a smear tactic used by those who reject its very right to exist.

ইসরায়েলকে 'প্রধানত: ইহুদি রাষ্ট্র' বলে চিত্রিত করে সেদেশের পার্লামেন্টে এক বিতর্কিত আইন পাসের পর সেখানকার আরব সংখ্যালঘুরা তীব্র সমালোচনা করেছেন। ওই আইনে হিব্রু ভাষাকেও ইসরায়েলের সরকারি ভাষা হিসেবে আরবীর ওপরে স্থান দেয়া হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The New York Times, citing a document summarising last week's meeting, says he called Mr Comey a "real nut job". Mr Comey had been running an inquiry into possible collusion between Russia and Donald Trump's election campaign. The ex-FBI chief has agreed to testify before the Senate Intelligence Committee about the investigation. The latest report was published just as Mr Trump took off on a flight to the Middle East for the first leg of his first foreign tour as president. "I just fired the head of the F.B.I. He was crazy, a real nut job," Mr. Trump said, according to the report. "I faced great pressure because of Russia. That's taken off." The White House has not disputed the language used in the meeting at the Oval Office between Mr Trump, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and the Russian Ambassador Sergei Kislyak. In another development, the Washington Post reported that a current White House official is a "significant person of interest" in the investigation into alleged links between the Trump campaign and Russia. It quoted unnamed sources familiar with the investigation as saying it was someone "close to the president" but they would not identify them further. The White House has denied there was collusion between the campaign and any "foreign entity". Evidence mounts - Anthony Zurcher, BBC North America reporter Donald Trump called the ongoing Russia investigation a "witch hunt", but reporters have just found a boiling cauldron and a closet full of broomsticks. The key takeaway from these latest blockbuster stories - there have been so many this week it's hard to keep count - is there's now further evidence of Mr Trump's intent to dismiss FBI Director James Comey because of his handling of the ongoing Russia investigation. That this revelation came as a result of a meeting with Russian officials, one of whom is a key figure in the investigation, is just the icing on the cake. What's more, it now appears this investigation has expanded to involve an individual who currently holds a senior post within the White House, not just an ex-aide (Michael Flynn) or campaign official (Paul Manafort). If that's the case, it's only a matter of time before subpoenas are issued and the entire administration adopts a bunker mentality. Donald Trump reportedly told his Russian guests that firing Mr Comey had relieved the "great pressure" his administration was under because of the Russia investigation. That, it turns out, was wishful thinking in the extreme. Warning that leaks were undermining national security, White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer said: "By grandstanding and politicising the investigation into Russia's actions, James Comey created unnecessary pressure on our ability to engage and negotiate with Russia. "The investigation would have always continued, and obviously, the termination of Comey would not have ended it." The BBC's Gary O'Donoghue, in Washington, says the White House has chosen to interpret the president's words as relating to the national interest rather than to himself. The summary was drawn from a formal account of last week's meeting, which was attended by Russian Ambassador Sergei Kislyak - a man at the centre of many of the controversial contacts between the Trump campaign and senior Russian officials. Mr Trump had fired Mr Comey the evening before, a move that sent shockwaves through Washington. Critics accused the president of trying to thwart the FBI investigation into Russia's alleged interference in the US election and any Moscow ties to Trump associates. Mr Comey has agreed to give details of the investigation to the US Senate Intelligence Committee at a public hearing, as well as take questions surrounding his dismissal. The date has not yet been scheduled, but is expected to take place next month.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের গোয়েন্দা সংস্থা, এফবিআই-এর প্রধান জেমস কোমিকে বরখাস্ত করেছেন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

He made the remarks as part of a documentary series titled "Hillary" which looks at the public life of 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. Mr Clinton was impeached in 1998 for lying to investigators about his relationship with Ms Lewinsky. He was acquitted at his Senate trial. Ms Lewinsky was a 22-year-old White House intern at the time of the affair. Mr Clinton told documentary makers Hulu: "What I did was bad but it wasn't like I thought, let's think about the most stupid thing I could possibly do and do it." "You feel like you're staggering around - you've been in a 15-round prize-fight that was extended to 30 rounds, and here's something that'll take your mind off it for a while. Everybody has life's pressures and disappointments and terrors, fears or whatever, things I did to manage my anxieties for years." His relationship with Ms Lewinsky became a major news story in the late 1990s after the then-president first denied the affair before later admitting to "inappropriate intimate physical contact". Mr Clinton's initial response to the media reports in 1998 - "I did not have sexual relations with that woman" - has gone down as one of US politics' most memorable quotes. Ms Lewinsky has maintained that her relationship with the former president was consensual but she called it a "gross abuse of power". "Any 'abuse' came in the aftermath, when I was made a scapegoat in order to protect his powerful position..." she told Vanity Fair in 2014. She said she had "limited understanding of the consequences" at the time and regrets the affair daily. In the documentary Mr Clinton says he feels "terrible" that Ms Lewinsky's life was defined by their relationship. "Over the years I've tried to watch her get a normal life back again but you've got to decide how to define normal," he said. When asked about the incident, Mrs Clinton explained how devastated she was. "I was so personally, just hurt and I can't believe this, I can't believe you lied. It was horrible and I said if this is going to be public, you have to go tell Chelsea." She explained how she "didn't want anything to do with him" after news of the affair broke. "I made a decision to stay with my husband. I think some people thought I made the right decision and some people thought I made the wrong decision. Mr Clinton told the documentary-makers that telling their daughter Chelsea about the affair was "awful".

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সাবেক প্রেসিডেন্ট বিল ক্লিনটন দাবি করেছেন, মানসিক চাপ এবং উদ্বেগ কমানোর উপায় হিসাবেই মনিকা লিউনস্কির সঙ্গে তার সম্পর্ক হয়েছিল।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

They demonstrated as the US president played golf during a visit to his Turnberry resort on the Ayrshire coast. Mr Trump is in Scotland on a private visit with his family ahead of a summit with Vladimir Putin in Helsinki. No protesters were arrested in Scotland, but the Met Police said 12 people were detained following pro-Trump processions in London. During his Saturday afternoon golf game he was booed by demonstrators gathered at the perimeter of the Turnberry complex. Earlier, Police Scotland confirmed that they were investigating how a paraglider was able to fly over the resort hotel with a banner criticising Mr Trump. The president's visit to Scotland has been accompanied by a major security operation. Police snipers are positioned on tiers of temporary scaffolding overlooking the golf course, with a large number of other officers patrolling the grounds and surrounding area. Mr Trump travelled north of the border for the weekend after meeting Prime Minister Theresa May at Chequers and The Queen at Windsor on Friday. Speaking after talks with Mrs May, the president said a US-UK trade deal "will absolutely be possible". That came just hours after he told The Sun Theresa May's Brexit plan could kill an agreement. Mr Trump has often spoken of his love for Scotland and its people and had been a regular visitor to the country for many years, but this is his first trip since becoming the US leader. Secretary of State for Scotland David Mundell greeted Mr Trump after his Air Force One jet landed at Prestwick Airport in Scotland on Friday evening. The American president did not meet Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon, however, she denied she had refused to see him. At a gay pride event in Glasgow on Saturday, she told the BBC: "If the opportunity arises to meet the president I will do that and I'm sure if the opportunity arises in the future we will have lots to talk about, including the close and very important links between our two countries. "In democracies, it's also important to be able to focus also on where we perhaps disagree, and lots of people disagree with the policies of the Trump administration." While Mr Trump was at Turnberry, police estimated that about 9,000 protesters walked from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh to the Meadows for a "carnival of resistance". The event featured the giant Trump Baby balloon, which was banned from both Turnberry and Holyrood. Tens of thousands of people - organisers claim up to 250,000 - protested in London on Friday against Mr Trump's UK visit. Demonstrators also filled George Square in Glasgow ahead of his arrival in Scotland. However, the UK government's International Trade Secretary Liam Fox told the BBC that the anti-Trump campaigners were "an embarrassment to themselves". He believed that the large scale protests in London and other cities "did not reflect the genuine good manners and hospitality of the British people". As well as the protests in Edinburgh and at Turnberry, there were supporters of Mr Trump at London's "Welcome Trump" and "Free Tommy Robinson" processions. English right-wing activist Robison is currently serving a 13 month jail sentence for potentially prejudicing a court case. The Met Police said that there were clashes during those processions and 12 people were arrested for a range of alleged crimes, including violent disorder, assault and and public order offences. Mr Trump - whose mother was Scottish - and members of his family are spending the weekend at the hotel he bought in 2014 before departing on Sunday for the meeting with Russian leader Mr Putin in Finland the following day. The paraglider stunt, which happened shortly after Mr Trump and his entourage arrived at Turnberry, was reportedly staged by Greenpeace. Ben Stewart, a spokesman for the organisation, told the BBC: "It wasn't dangerous at all. We let the police know about 10 or 15 minutes before that we were coming in. "We phoned them, we had someone on the police line who informed them. We thought it was important that the president actually saw a real-life protester. "There's tens, maybe hundreds of thousands of people on the streets around the UK." The police said no arrest had been made. Police insisted they wanted to strike a balance between "protection and public safety and the public's right to peacefully protest". However, Assistant Chief Constable Mark Williams said officers were committed to tracing the person who flew the aircraft. He added: "There are armed assets protecting the president - both from the US Secret Service and ourselves and the Met Police, who offer a close protection function as well. "And there's no doubt anybody who breaches security around him puts themselves in grave danger. "On this occasion we could assess the situation and we realised there was no direct threat to the president however it's absolutely something that is very serious." As well as playing host to one of the world's most powerful men, Turnberry was the venue for a wedding on Saturday afternoon. It is understood that the bride and groom - as well as their guests and the humanist celebrant who conducted the service - had to be security checked ahead of their big day.

মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের যুক্তরাজ্য সফরের প্রতিবাদে লন্ডনে হাজার হাজার মানুষ বিক্ষোভ করছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Katty KayPresenter, BBC World News@KattyKayBBCon Twitter I include in that the anti-Americanism that surrounded the invasion of Iraq and the trauma of the financial crash. Dispirited. Back in 2004 and 2008 Americans were by and large united, or at the very least they were not so angrily divided. One might think that the sight of swastikas on American streets would indeed unite the country in unwavering purpose. Not so. The country is so mired in political division that even Nazi symbols have become political symbols some can live with if they feel that condemning them would give succour to their opposition. And the man running the country is actively widening that divide. There's little point parsing the rationale of President Trump's defence yesterday of the "fine people" who took part in the white supremacist march in Charlottesville. I doubt he himself was even trying to make a reasoned case. I suspect that rant of a press conference was driven more by his sense of personal grievance - his anger at being attacked over his initial response to Charlottesville - than by his views on race. But Mr Trump's failure to unambiguously and repeatedly condemn those far-right, racist groups gives them oxygen and strikes a blow at the heart of American identity. American prides itself on being centrist, on not having the European tendency of flirting with extremist groups. Respected veteran political commentators have often told me that the US always gravitates to the centre ground. It sure didn't look like that in Charlottesville - ask Germany, or Italy, or Spain. And if America is going to become just another country, albeit with a lot more weapons, no wonder the world is revising its opinion. Dismissive. The degree to which Americans talk about themselves as a special, unique country has often struck me as a little grandiose. You don't hear the French, or Brits, or Australians talk about themselves that way - though they may well feel it. But perhaps it takes the loss of that uniqueness to make us realise how real it was and how much the world relied on it. This summer I spent time in the UK, France and Spain. In all three countries, leaders are trying to figure out how to get by without American leadership on critical issues like climate change and trade, while the general publics increasingly see the US as a non-entity. It's not even seen as a joke, people are saddened by America's diminished global status. Europeans have long had a complicated and somewhat insecure relationship with the US, part admiration, part jealousy, part irritation. But this year the reaction in Europe to America felt different. Continental Europe is feeling more confident, the economy is doing better and far-right groups have been defeated at the ballot box. Even Britain's decision to withdraw from the EU doesn't get much attention - Brexit is old news in France and Germany. That newfound confidence, mixed with America's clear dysfunction, does indeed create a sense of dismissiveness. For many Europeans, indeed many foreigners, Trump is a spectacle, a reality show on steroids. But that's about the sum of Europe's interest in America right now. Mr Trump's approval ratings are slipping fast. The overwhelming majority of Americans are appalled by all that the hideous scenes in Charlottesville represent. Nothing is getting done in Congress. No wonder Americans are feeling disheartened. No wonder the world is figuring out how to get things done without their global superpower.

ইউরোপে কয়েক সপ্তাহ কাটিয়ে মাত্রই যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে ফিরলাম। কিন্তু যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে বসবাসের গত ২০ বছরের মধ্যে বিদেশ থেকে ফিরে এমন হতাশ, কিংবা এতটা ভেঙ্গে পড়া দেশ আমি কখনোই দেখিনি।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Mr Biden was speaking in a CBS News interview aired on Sunday. But Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said Tehran would only return to compliance if the US first lifted all economic sanctions. The 2015 deal sought to limit Iran's nuclear programme, with sanctions eased in return. Former President Donald Trump, however, withdrew the US from the deal in 2018 and re-imposed sanctions, leading Iran to roll back on a number of its commitments. Iran, which says its nuclear programme is peaceful, has been increasing its stockpile of enriched uranium. Enriched uranium can be used to make reactor fuel, but also nuclear bombs. Why did the nuclear deal fall apart? Under the terms of the 2015 nuclear deal - an agreement reached between Iran, the US, China, France, Germany, Russia and the UK - Tehran agreed to limit its uranium enrichment and allow international inspectors to access sites and facilities. In return, sanctions imposed on Tehran were lifted. But Mr Trump withdrew the US from the deal, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), in an effort to force Iran to negotiate a new accord, and reinstated economic sanctions. Mr Trump wanted to place indefinite curbs on Tehran's nuclear programme and also halt its development of ballistic missiles. Iran refused. In July 2019, it breached the 3.67% cap on uranium enrichment and in January this year announced it had resumed enriching uranium to 20% purity. Weapons-grade uranium is 90% purity. In a short clip of the interview published before the full broadcast at 16:00 EST (21:00 GMT) on Sunday, Mr Biden was asked if he would halt economic sanctions to bring Tehran back to the negotiating table, and he replied: "No." Meanwhile, Ali Khamenei said that for Iran to return to its commitments under the deal, the US must first "abolish all sanctions", Iranian state TV reported on Sunday. "We will assess, and if we see that they have acted faithfully in this regard, we will return to our commitment," he said, adding: "It is the irreversible and final decision and all Iranian officials have consensus over it." What else did Biden say? The president also talked about the US relationship with China. He said there was no reason for Washington to be drawn into direct conflict with Beijing, but that both sides would engage in what he called "extreme competition" on the global economic stage. Mr Biden said he had not spoken to his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, since becoming president last month, and that he had not changed his stance towards Beijing. "He's very bright, he's very tough," Mr Biden said of Mr Xi, adding: "He doesn't have a democratic - small 'd' - bone in his body."

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট জো বাইডেন বলেছেন যে ২০১৫ সালের পরমাণু চুক্তির শর্তগুলো না মানা পর্যন্ত তিনি ইরানের বিরুদ্ধে অর্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞা তুলবেন না।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Pallab GhoshScience correspondent, BBC News An analysis of the new specimen challenges ideas about how the first humans evolved from ape-like ancestors. The current view that an ape named Lucy was among a species that gave rise to the first early humans may have to be reconsidered. The discovery is reported in the journal Nature. The skull was found by Prof Yohannes Haile-Selassie at a place called Miro Dora, which is in the Mille District of Ethiopia's Afar Regional State. The scientist, who's affiliated to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio, US, said he immediately recognised the significance of the fossil. "I thought to myself, 'oh my goodness - am I seeing what I think I am seeing?'. And all of a sudden I was jumping up and down and that was when I realised that this was what I had dreamt," he told BBC News. More stories like this: Prof Haile-Selassie says the specimen is the best example yet of the ape-like human ancestor called Australopithecus anamensis - the oldest known australopithecine whose kind may have existed as far back as 4.2 million years ago. It had been thought that A. anamensis was the direct ancestor of a later, more advanced species called Australopithecus afarensis, which in turn has been considered a direct ancestor of the first early humans in the grouping, or genus, known as Homo, and which includes all humans alive today. The discovery of the first afarensis skeleton in 1974 caused a sensation. She was nicknamed Lucy by researchers after the Beatles song, Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds, which was playing at the excavation site. Hailed as "the first ape to have walked", Lucy captured the public's attention. But writing a commentary in Nature, Prof Fred Spoor, of London's Natural History Museum, said that anamensis "looks set to become another celebrated icon of human evolution". The reason for this likely elevated status is because we can now say that anamensis and afarensis actually overlapped in time. The former did not evolve directly into the latter in a neat linear manner, as previously supposed. The realisation comes about through the reinterpretation that the new fossil brings to bear on a previously discovered 3.9-million-year-old skull fragment. That fragment had been assigned to anamensis. Scientists can now see it is actually the remains of an afarensis, pushing this species' origin deeper into the past. It's apparent now the two species must have co-existed for at least 100,000 years. What most likely happened was that a small group of anamensis isolated itself from the main population and over time evolved into afarensis because of adaptations to local conditions. The two types rubbed along for a while before the remnant anamensis died out. The finding is important because it suggests that additional overlaps with other advanced ape-like species may also have occurred, increasing the number of potential evolutionary routes to the first humans. In short, although this latest discovery does not disprove that Lucy's kind gave rise to the Homo group, it does bring other recently named species into contention. Prof Haile-Selassie agreed that "all bets are now off" as to which species is humanity's direct ancestor. He explained: "For a long time, afarensis was considered the best candidate as an ancestor to our kind, but we are not in that position any more. Now we can look back at all the species that might have existed at the time and examine which one may have been most like the first human." The term "missing link" drives anthropologists crazy when they hear anyone, especially journalists, use it to describe a fossil that is part-ape and part-human. Indeed Dr Henry Gee, a senior editor at Nature, once threatened to "rip my liver out and eat it with onions, borlotti beans and a glass of claret" if I did so when reporting a previous discovery. There are many reasons for Henry's irritation, but chief among them is the recognition that there are many links in the chain of human evolution and most if not nearly all of them are still missing. Anamensis is the latest in a string of recent discoveries that shows that there was no smooth line of ascent to modern humans. The truth is far more complex and far more interesting. It tells a story of evolution "trying out" different "prototype" human ancestors in different places until some of them were resilient and clever enough to withstand the pressures wrought by changes in climate, habitat and food scarcity - and evolve into us. Prof Haile-Selassie is one of the few African scientists working in human evolution. He is now a recognised name but he says it's hard for well qualified African researchers to get the necessary financial backing from Western-based research funding organisations. "Most of the fossil evidence related to our origin comes from Africa and I think Africans should be able to use the resources available in their own continent and advance their career in palaeoanthropology. Their limitations getting to this field of study is usually funding," he told me. Follow Pallab on Twitter

ইথিওপিয়ায় গবেষকরা প্রায় ৩৮ লাখ বছর আগের একটি মাথার খুলি খুঁজে পাওয়া গেছে। ধারণা করা হচ্ছে, এটি প্রথম দিকের মানুষের মতো দেখতে এপ প্রজাতির পূর্বজ।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Not only that, Vaira Vike-Freiberga became the first female head of a former Soviet bloc state. "My parents never let me forget that I am Latvian," she told the BBC. The Baltic state was invaded by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War Two. She has vivid memories of that chaotic time, especially 1944, when Russian troops - the communist Red Army - marched back into Latvia. "I was impressed by the ones with the red flags and the fists. So at one point, as one of them marched by, I raised my fist in the air and shouted 'hurrah!'," she says. "At that point I saw my mother lean against the lamppost, absolutely stricken, with tears streaming down her cheeks, saying 'Please, child, don't do that. This is a very sad day for Latvia'." Cruel lessons The family's odyssey westward took Vaira, aged seven, first to devastated Germany. Then they moved to French-ruled Morocco, then to Canada. She did not return to Latvia until 1998, aged 60, and became president within eight months. Vaira remembers her father listening to the BBC World Service in 1944, desperately trying to fathom where the war was heading. Later that year her parents made the agonising decision to leave Latvia. "We took the ship on New Year's night of 1945. It was a transport ship with troops and with armaments and of course if it gets torpedoed it's going to blow it up. But they have taken a certain number of civilians with them, who also want to flee from communism at any price. Latvians gathered on the deck and sang the Latvian anthem." The family reached the refugee camps being set up across Germany. The conditions were very harsh and her baby sister fell ill with pneumonia and died, just 10 months old. Within a year Vaira's mother gave birth again, to a baby boy. But for Vaira the event was overshadowed by another cruel life lesson. "A young girl of 18 was lying in the same room with my mother. She had given birth to a little girl and didn't want her. She didn't want to name her child and she didn't want to have anything to do with it, because the child was the result of a group rape from Russian soldiers," she says. "Each time the nurses brought that poor child to the mother, she would turn her face to the wall and cry and refuse to talk to her. The nurses gave a name to the girl - Mara, which was my sister's name. "And I thought that was really too much, because here was a Mara who was born, who was surviving and who was absolutely not wanted in this world. And our Mara, whom we had wanted so much, was taken from us. I realised that life was really very strange and certainly very unfair." Child marriage scare At the age of 11, Vaira had to move again, to Casablanca in French Morocco. "We were thrown out, as it were, from a truck in the middle of the night in what turned out to be a small, temporary village. It was a world in miniature," she says. "There were French people there, there were all sorts of foreigners, Spaniards from the time of the Civil War, Italians and old Russian émigrés from the European quarter in Shanghai." One of her father's Arab co-workers said she was ready to be married off, though she was just a child. "Dad would come home and he's saying, 'He's giving me 15,000 francs dowry. And he offered me first two donkeys and cattle and then later he kept upping the price and I said, but she's just a child and she has to go to school.' He said, 'That's all right, we're willing to let her finish school'." Her parents laughed at that, but Vaira was alarmed. Sexist professor Soon however the family moved to Canada. Vaira got a job at a bank, aged 16, and went to night school. She eventually made it to the University of Toronto. And while there, she met the man she would marry, Imants Freibergs, another Latvian exile. She studied psychology and was eventually awarded a PhD, in 1965. But she says her choice of subject was simply "the fickle finger of fate". "The registrar had a list of subjects and I looked at it upside down and I saw something, a long word starting with P and ending in Y, and I put my finger on it and said, 'Sir, this is the one I want to take'." She learned quickly though that women were tolerated, rather than welcomed. "Our dear professor at one point in a seminar said, 'Yes, well, we actually have three married women here in this PhD programme, it's such a waste, because they're going to get married and they're going to have children, and they're actually taking up a place that a boy could have taken who will become a real scientist.' "And all of us girls in that seminar, we remembered that for the rest of our lives." She says they resolved to show that sexist professor "that we women can succeed even better than his favourite boys". Vaira spent 33 years at the University of Montreal. She became fluent in five languages and wrote 10 books. Home again... finally In 1998, aged 60, she was elected professor emeritus and decided to retire. But one evening her phone rang. It was the prime minister of Latvia. And Vaira got the offer to head a new Latvian Institute. She was told they wanted "somebody actually from the diaspora who is multilingual, understands Western mentality, but also with good understanding of Latvian culture". But almost immediately she found herself caught up in Latvia's presidential race. She gave up her Canadian passport to run for election and, just eight months after returning, she became Latvia's first female president. At one point her approval ratings soared to 85%. "I was somebody who was not interested in making money or anything like that, but simply in doing a job. "And there was great enthusiasm amongst certain newspapers to find things to criticise, for instance, that I was a great spendthrift, having lived a life of luxury in the West. Complete fabrications," she says. "I discovered that if you couldn't trust the media, you have to go directly and speak to the people." She was instrumental in Latvia joining both Nato and the European Union in 2004. "Being a woman was an advantage. I remember at the Istanbul Nato summit, President [George W] Bush took me by the elbow, because I had high heels and it was a gravel path, and we walked slowly along. "I did all I could to tell him how important it was to enlarge Nato and to make sure that Latvia was included and how much progress we had made and how full of goodwill we were. "We were walking slowly and enjoying ourselves and I was doing my best to pour as much Latvian propaganda into his ear as I could. I didn't think it hurt at all," she says. Vaira's second term ended in 2007, a few months before her 70th birthday. She co-founded the Club de Madrid - an organisation of former leaders, with a mandate to promote democratic leadership and governance. She also has a particular focus on women's empowerment. Still haunted by that professor in Canada, she knows the battle is far from won. Vaira Vike-Freiberga talks to Lyse Doucet in the first episode of the new series of Her Story Made History. You can listen to it now on BBC Sounds.

যুদ্ধের মধ্যে থাকা লাটভিয়া থেকে পালিয়ে গিয়েছিল ছোট্ট মেয়েটি। এরপর ৫০ বছর তাকে নির্বাসনে কাটাতে হয়। তবে দেশে ফেরার পরে ভাইরা ভাইক-ফ্রাইবার্গা হলেন দেশটির প্রেসিডেন্ট।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

"No such meeting occurred," Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud tweeted. Mr Netanyahu has declined to comment on the Israeli reports that he was on board a private jet that travelled from Tel Aviv to the Red Sea city of Neom. It would be the first known meeting between leaders of the historical foes. US President Donald Trump has been pressing them to normalise relations after brokering deals between Israel and the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Sudan in recent months. Saudi Arabia cautiously welcomed those moves, but indicated it would wait until there was a peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinians. Also on Monday, a delegation of senior Israeli officials travelled to Sudan on what would also be the first such visit to a formerly hostile country, an unnamed Israeli official confirmed. The countries are expected to map out areas of co-operation. Citing unnamed Israeli sources, Israeli public broadcaster Kan and other media earlier reported that Mr Netanyahu and the head of the Mossad intelligence service, Yossi Cohen, attended talks in Saudi Arabia on Sunday evening with Crown Prince Mohammed and US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. A senior Saudi adviser told the Wall Street Journal that the leaders discussed several issues, including normalisation of ties and Iran, but that no substantial agreements were reached. However, the Saudi foreign minister later denied that any Israeli officials had attended the meeting between Prince Mohammed and Mr Pompeo. "The only officials present were American and Saudi," Prince Faisal said. The BBC's Chief International Correspondent Lyse Doucet, who is in Riyadh, says senior Saudi officials are denying this highly sensitive story, on and off the record. This has long been a matter of very delicate diplomacy for the kingdom, which has taken an awkward, if not embarrassing, turn, she adds. Mr Pompeo meanwhile tweeted that he held constructive talks with Prince Mohammed in Neom and posted a photograph showing them together. The reported trip was spotted by an Israeli journalist on a flight-tracking website; a private jet used by Mr Netanyahu was flying to the Saudi city of Neom. The Red Sea resort is a hi-tech and tourism hub planned by Mohammed bin Salman. It is close to the borders of Egypt and Jordan, and only some 70km (44 miles) from the southern tip of Israel - a symbolic destination for the leaders to discuss a changing Middle East, mediated by President Trump's outgoing team. With the UAE, Bahrain and Sudan signed up, normalisation between Israel and Saudi Arabia would be the big deal. The agreements mark big diplomatic and trade wins; also in the background are some controversial US arms sales, and the Trump team's desire to consolidate its regional allies against Iran. But Saudi Arabia will be cautious over going public with an Israeli rapprochement for fear of a backlash in the conservative nation. And the big hurdle comes back to a core issue - the Saudis still say there will be no deal before the Israelis reach a permanent peace agreement with the Palestinians. Israeli media reported that Mr Netanyahu flew on a private jet belonging to Israeli businessman Udi Angel that the prime minister had used for previous overseas trips. According to data from FlightRadar24.com, a Gulfstream IV jet took off from Tel Aviv's Ben Gurion International airport on Sunday afternoon and flew south along the eastern coast of Egypt's Sinai Peninsula before heading towards Saudi Arabia's north-western Red Sea coast. The aircraft landed in Neom just after 18:30 GMT and remained there until 21:50, according to the data. It then returned to Tel Aviv via the same route. Mr Netanyahu said he would not comment, adding only that he was "working on broadening the circle of peace". But in an interview with Army Radio, Israel's Education Minister Yoav Gallant appeared to confirm the meeting took place, saying talks between Mr Netanyahu and Crown Prince Mohammed were an amazing achievement. Mr Netanyahu's social media adviser, Topaz Luk, meanwhile tweeted: "Gantz is playing politics while the prime minister is making peace". Mr Luk seemed to be referring to a decision by Defence Minister Benny Gantz, Mr Netanyahu's rival, to establish a commission of inquiry into a $2bn (£1.5bn) submarine deal with Germany that has been described by some as the biggest corruption scandal in Israeli history. President Trump has said he expects Saudi Arabia to normalise relations with Israel, but such a move faces big hurdles. Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud said in an interview on Saturday with Reuters news agency during the G20 summit - hosted by Saudi Arabia but with world leaders participating virtually - that the kingdom's position had not changed. "We have supported normalisation with Israel for a long time, because we are the authors of the 2002 Arab Peace initiative, which envisioned complete normalisation with Israel." "But there is one very important thing that has to happen first, which is a permanent and full peace deal between the Palestinians and Israelis that delivers a Palestinian state with dignity within the 1967 borders to the Palestinians."

ইসরায়েলের প্রধানমন্ত্রী বিনিয়ামিন নেতানিয়াহু একটি প্রাইভেট জেট বিমানে করে সৌদি আরবের নেওম শহরে গিয়ে গোপনে যুবরাজ মোহাম্মদ বিন সালমানের সাথে বৈঠক করেছেন - এই খবর বেরুনোর পর বেশ হৈচৈ পড়ে গেছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Marianna SpringSpecialist disinformation reporter We've investigated hundreds of misleading stories during the pandemic. It's given us an idea about who is behind misinformation - and what motivates them. Here are seven types of people who start and spread falsehoods: You'd hope no-one was fooled by a WhatsApp voice note claiming the government was cooking a giant lasagne in Wembley stadium to feed Londoners. But some people didn't get the joke. To take a slightly more serious example, a prankster created a screenshot of a fake government text that claimed the recipient had been fined for leaving the house too many times. He thought it would be funny to scare people breaking lockdown rules. After encouraging his followers to share it on Instagram, it found its way to local Facebook groups, where it was posted by worried residents, some of whom took it seriously. "I don't really want to cause panic," says the prankster, who wouldn't give us his real name. "But if they believe a screenshot on social media, they really need to sort of re-evaluate the way they consume information on the internet." Other fake texts claiming to be from the government or local councils have been generated by scammers looking to make money from the pandemic. One such scam investigated by fact-checking charity Full Fact in March claimed that the government was offering people relief payments and asked for bank details. Photos of the scam text were shared on Facebook. Since it circulated by text message, it's difficult to get to the bottom of who was behind them. Scammers started using fake news about the virus to make money as early as February, with emails suggesting people could "click for a coronavirus cure review" or suggesting they were entitled to a tax refund because of the outbreak. Misinformation doesn't just come from dark corners of the internet. Last week President Donald Trump questioned whether exposing patients' bodies to UV light or injecting bleach could help treat the coronavirus. He was speculating and took facts out of context. He later claimed the comments were sarcastic. But that didn't stop people from phoning hotlines to ask about treating themselves with disinfectant. It's not just the US President. A Chinese foreign ministry spokesman promoted the idea that Covid-19 might have been brought to Wuhan by the US Army. Conspiracy theories about the outbreak have been discussed in prime time on Russian state TV, and by pro-Kremlin Twitter accounts. All the uncertainty about the virus has created a perfect breeding ground for conspiracy theories. A false story of murky origins claiming the first volunteer to take part in a UK vaccine trial had died circulated in big anti-vaccination and conspiracy Facebook groups. It was fiction. Interviews with David Icke on YouTube, which have since been removed, also peddled false claims that 5G is linked to coronavirus. Mr Icke also appeared on a London TV station, which was found to have breached the UK's broadcasting standards. His Facebook page was later taken down, the company said, for publishing "health misinformation that could cause physical harm". Conspiracy theories have led to scores of attacks on 5G masts. Sometimes misinformation seems to come from a trustworthy source - a doctor, professor or hospital worker. But often the "insider" is nothing of the sort. A woman from Crawley in West Sussex was the originator of a panicky voice note predicting dire - and completely unsubstantiated - death tolls for young and healthy coronavirus sufferers. She claimed to have inside information through her work at an ambulance service. She did not respond to requests for comment or provide proof of her job, so we don't know whether she actually is a health worker. But we do know that the claims in her voice note were unfounded. That alarming voice note and many others went viral because they worried people, who then shared the messages with friends and family. That includes Danielle Baker, a mum of four from Essex, who forwarded a note on Facebook messenger "just in case it was true". "At first I was a bit wary because it was sent from a lady that I didn't know," she says. "I forwarded it on because myself and my sister have babies the same age and also have older children, and we all have high risk in our households." They're trying to be helpful and they think they're doing something positive. But, of course, that doesn't make the messages they pass along true. It's not just your mum or uncle. Celebrities have helped amplified misleading claims go mainstream. The singer M.I.A. and actor Woody Harrelson are among those who have been promoting the 5G coronavirus theory to their hundreds of thousands of followers on social media. A recent report by the Reuters Institute found that celebrities play a key role in spreading misinformation online. Some have huge platforms on traditional media as well. Eamonn Holmes was criticised for appearing to give some credence to the 5G conspiracy theorists on ITV This Morning. "What I don't accept is mainstream media immediately slapping that down as not true when they don't know it's not true," he said. Mr Holmes later apologised and Ofcom "issued guidance" to ITV, deeming the comments "ill-judged". Illustrations by Simon Martin. Additional reporting by Olga Robinson. Is there a story we should be investigating? Email Marianna We've been nominated for a Webby Award - if you appreciate the work we do vote for us here. Follow us on Twitter @BBCtrending or on Facebook.

করোনাভাইরাসের প্রকোপ সারা বিশ্বে যেমন দ্রুত ছড়িয়েছে, তেমনি লাগামহীন ভাবে এই ভাইরাস নিয়ে সামাজিক মাধ্যমে ছড়িয়েছে ষড়যন্ত্র তত্ত্ব, ভুয়া তথ্য আর নানা জল্পনা। কিন্তু কারা শুরু করছে এসব গুজব? কারাই বা ছড়াচ্ছে এগুলো?

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Indications suggest that the type of strike being planned by Washington, with the possible assistance of the UK and France, will involve weapons launched from warships or submarines at long range. Any aircraft used would be either firing weapons from beyond the reach of Syria's surface-to-air defence systems or be drones that can be remote-controlled. Russian officials have warned that missiles will be shot down and their "launch sites" targeted. But what weapons - that we know of - do the main players have at their disposal? And how might Russia and Syria respond? US: Defence budget - $600bn The US, whose guided-missile destroyer the USS Donald Cook is already in the Mediterranean, is likely to target chemical facilities in Syria with its cruise missiles. Such action would avoid the risk of its fighter jets being downed. A year ago, two US Navy destroyers in the eastern Mediterranean Sea launched a total of 59 Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles (TLAMs) at the Shayrat airbase in Syria's Homs province. Washington said the airbase was used to store chemical weapons used in a deadly attack on a rebel-held town just 72 hours before its military response. The Tomahawks used have a small cross-section, fly at low altitudes and are very difficult to detect. They also emit little heat so they cannot be picked up by infrared detection. The US Navy is also carrying a sizeable fleet of fighter jets on carriers in the Gulf, although it is unlikely to risk entering Syrian airspace immediately. The largest US military base in the Middle East is in Qatar, where F-16 and A10 aircraft, also known as Warthogs, are located. These can be scrambled relatively quickly. The F-16 has a reputation as one of the most reliable, manoeuvrable and effective military aircraft in the world. It has a range of about 2,000 miles (3,220km), which allows it to remain in combat zones longer than other aircraft. The Americans also have long-range subsonic B-52 bombers, which they have deployed and used on targets in the region before. In Kobane, a small Kurdish town at the Turkish border in northern Syria, the US has previously used an air base to deliver troops and equipment with C130 and C17 military transport aircraft. The vehicles are large enough to carry smaller aircraft such as helicopters and can be used to refuel combat jets in the air. Russia: Defence budget - $69bn The Russian threat to down any US attack has raised questions over whether their advanced, but as yet untested S-400 air defence system would come into play. The multi-layered anti-aircraft system was deployed to the country after a Russian jet was downed there, and has so far only served as a deterrent. It can fire three types of missiles and is said to be able to engage all aerial targets including aircraft and missiles within a 250-mile (400km) range with remarkable speed and efficiency - essentially providing a blanket of coverage for most of Syria. Russia says the system has remarkable counter-stealth capabilities, warning in 2016 that "any illusions about 'invisible' jets will inevitably be crushed by disappointing reality", Steps 1- 4 show how the S-400 system's radar tracks objects, assesses potential threats and launches missiles to destroy the targets It can guide up to 12 missiles simultaneously, engaging up to six targets at once. Dr Martin S Navias, from the Department of War studies at Kings College London, explains that the S-400 capability complicates usual traditional targeting tactics. Usually air strikes would aim to neutralise a country's surface-to-air capabilities but Russian anti-aircraft capabilities inside Syria would be an obstacle. Its range stretches well outside Syrian airspace, which could mean targets being engaged before they ever reach Syrian territory. Some analysts have doubted the claims around the S-400's interception capabilities. Russia also reportedly has several types of aircraft in Syria; Sukhoi-24 bombers, Sukhoi-25 warplanes, multi-role fighters, transport planes, spy planes and helicopter gunships. Many of them are - or have been - stationed at Hmeimim air base, which is Russia's main base for air strikes on rebel groups. The Russian military also reportedly began using Shayrat as a forward operating base for its Mi-24 and Mi-35 attack helicopters. From the Mediterranean, the Kremlin has said that it has previously used "Kalibr cruise missiles from the Rostov-on-Don submarine" to hit targets in Syria. It has also fired rockets from warships in the Caspian Sea, which it said had struck IS targets in the country. Meanwhile, Russia has withdrawn its battleships from its naval base in the Syrian port city of Tartus, according to recent reports. UK: Defence budget - $50bn The BBC's James Lansdale says the UK's Ministry of Defence (MoD) is poised and ready to deploy its resources in Syria. These resources include a number combat aircraft based at RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus, which can be called upon for service at any time. The British military has eight supersonic Tornados stationed at the base. While somewhat aged - they were introduced into service in 1982 - the aircraft have more recently been equipped with precision-guided missiles. RAF Typhoons have also been operating in the region and have carried out numerous strikes in Iraq in recent years. The aircraft use Paveway IV laser-guided bombs and Brimstone missiles to target strikes. The Brimstone air-to-ground missiles are radar-guided, they weigh 49kg, are 1.8m long and thought to cost more than $142,000 (£100,000) apiece. Britain has a fleet of unmanned aircraft in the Middle East, including about 10 Reaper drones, which have been used in missions over Iraq and Syria. The RAF MQ-9 Reaper drone can fly as high as 50,000ft (15,240m) and has a range of 1,150 miles (1,850km). It carries "tank-busting" Hellfire missiles, according to the Royal Navy. The UK's Rivet Joint surveillance aircraft, which can operate in any weather, are available and have already been utilised in US-led operations in Iraq. The MoD says the planes are "highly inter-operable with the US", making them ideal for joint operations. Britain, however, does not currently have a submarine in the Mediterranean and getting one into position could take days. France: Defence budget - $42bn The French Navy's nuclear-powered Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier has previously been deployed for operations against the Islamic State group in the region, but is currently undergoing extensive refitting. The 38,000-tonne ship - France's only such vessel - can carry an arsenal of missiles and bombs and a crew of more than 1,900 personnel. For now, France has deployed sailors and aviators on board the US aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush for training and joint operations. Separately, France has stationed several Mirage and Rafale fighter jets in Jordan and the United Arab Emirates, which it has used to target so-called Islamic State (IS) in Syria and Iraq. The jets can each carry four 250kg laser-guided bombs. French President Emmanuel Macron has said any strikes on Syria in response to the latest alleged chemical attack would "not target allies of the [Syrian] regime or attack anyone, but rather attack the regime's chemical capabilities". Although he did not specify what measures would be taken. Syria: Defence budget - $2bn (estimated) Syria's air defence system has been heavily damaged by recent Israeli attacks, but it remains a threat to any aircraft as its missiles are still fast enough to strike them down. An anti-aircraft missile fired at an Israeli F-16 in February caused the jet to crash in northern Israel. The system used to be highly capable, consisting largely of missiles like the S-200, known to Nato by the codename SA-5 "Gammon". It has more recently been upgraded to include Russian weapons like the SA-22 and SA-17. The S-200 missile is liquid fuelled and designed to fly at speeds of up to Mach 8. It is guided to its target by radar, before detonating a 217kg (478lb) high-explosive warhead. Syria also deploys a variety of sophisticated Chinese-supplied radar systems. Meanwhile, the Shayrat airbase that was previously attacked by the US, has been occupied by the Syrian military throughout the country's civil war. It has two 3km-long (2 mile) runways, as well as dozens of hangars, buildings and storage facilities. Syrian Air Force Su-22 and MiG-23 warplanes fly from there. However, much of the fleet is old or obsolete and requires significant maintenance to remain militarily capable.

সিরিয়ায় ক্ষেপণাস্ত্র আক্রমণের জন্যে রাশিয়াকে প্রস্তুত থাকার কথা বলেছেন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। রাজধানী দামেস্কের কাছে কথিত রাসায়নিক হামলার জবাবে মি. ট্রাম্প এই হুঁশিয়ারি দিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The German medicines regulator found 31 cases of a type of rare blood clot among the nearly 2.7 million people who had received the vaccine in Germany. Canada earlier suspended use of the AstraZeneca jab in people under 55. AstraZeneca said international regulators had found the benefits of its jab outweighed risks significantly. It said it was continuing to analyse its database to understand "whether these very rare cases of blood clots associated with thrombocytopenia occur any more commonly than would be expected naturally in a population of millions of people". "We will continue to work with German authorities to address any questions they may have," it added. The EU and UK medicine regulators both backed the vaccine after previous cautionary suspensions in Europe this month. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the UK Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency stressed that the benefits of the AstraZeneca vaccine continued to outweigh the risk of side effects. In the UK, a government spokesperson said: "The Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine is safe, effective and has already saved thousands of lives in this country. As the UK's independent regulator has said, when people are called forward, they should get the jab. "Over 30 million people have already received their first dose of a vaccine, and we are on track to offer jabs to all over-50s by 15 April and all adults by the end of July." AstraZeneca's product is one of the most widely used coronavirus vaccines in the West, and is meant to be supplied on a not-for-profit basis to the developing world. The EU's rollout of its vaccination programme has been dogged by delays because of delivery and production problems, and Germany is among several states now fearing a third wave of infections. On Tuesday, Italy's Prime Minister Mario Draghi and his wife, who are both 73, received their first doses of AstraZeneca in a display of confidence in the vaccine. If you give a vaccine to millions of people you will of course see some cases of people falling seriously ill or even dying shortly afterwards. It does not mean the vaccine has caused the problem - it could have occurred naturally. What authorities have to work out is whether it is cause or coincidence. They do this by monitoring adverse events after vaccination and see if they are above what you would normally expect. The type of blood clot that has been seen is very rare and so it is hard to know exactly how many cases you would normally expect to see. We do know it is more common in women and taking the pill increases the risk of it happening. There is no evidence yet to prove the AstraZeneca vaccine increases the chances of these clots. But, even if it does, the next thing you have to take into account is whether Covid presents more of a danger. Regulators in Europe and the UK are clear - given the current evidence - that use of the vaccine should continue in all ages. What is Germany's new policy? Health Minister Jens Spahn and the 16 state health ministers decided to suspend routine use for the under-60s at an emergency meeting on Tuesday. People under 60 can still receive the jab but only "at the discretion of doctors, and after individual risk analysis and thorough explanation", according to a document seen by dpa news agency. The decision was reached on the advice of the German vaccine committee (Stiko) which said: "After several consultations, Stiko, with the help of external experts, decided by a majority to recommend the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine only for persons aged 60 years and older on the basis of available data on the occurrence of rare but very severe thromboembolic side effects." Additional advice about booster shots would be issued by the end of April for younger persons who had already received a first dose of AstraZeneca, Stiko said. Chancellor Angela Merkel said there must be no doubts about the safety of any drug being administered in Germany: "We have to be able to trust the vaccines... This also includes the subsequent ongoing testing of their effectiveness and safety, and the permanent weighing of risks and benefits. Confidence arises from the knowledge that every suspicion is counted in every individual case." The 66-year-old added that she was open to being vaccinated with AstraZeneca when her turn came. Ahead of announcement, the German cities of Berlin and Munich, and the region of Brandenburg, halted use of the vaccine for people below the age of 60. Germany was one of the European states which briefly suspended use of the AstraZeneca jab earlier this month pending an EMA review into the possible link to blood clots. When the EMA declared the vaccine "safe and effective", Germany and others resumed its use but investigations continued. The German medicines regulator, the Paul Ehrlich Institute, has found 31 cases of cerebral sinus vein thrombosis (CSVT) among people who received AstraZeneca in Germany. Almost all the cases are reportedly in younger and middle-aged women. France already limits use of AstraZeneca to those aged over 55. On Monday, Canada recommended immediately suspending the use of AstraZeneca in people aged below 55 following the reports of rare but potentially fatal blood clots in Europe, CBC reports. There have been no reports of blood clots related to the jab in Canada itself, where 300,000 doses of AstraZeneca jabs have now been administered. In the UK, five cases of CSVT - one of them fatal - have been recorded among 11 million people who received the vaccine. In another development, Austria confirmed it was in talks with Russia to buy a million doses of its Sputnik V vaccine, which has yet to be approved by the EMA. Chancellor Sebastian Kurz is under pressure from opposition parties for his government's failure to buy its full share of vaccines under the EU's collective purchasing scheme. "There must be no geopolitical blinkers regarding vaccines," Mr Kurz said in a statement issued by his office. "The only thing that must count is whether the vaccine is effective and safe." Despite the lack of EMA approval, Sputnik is already being used by fellow EU state Hungary. Russian President Vladimir Putin discussed possible co-operation on vaccines with Mrs Merkel and French President Emmanuel Macron when they held a video conference on Tuesday, Mr Macron's office said in a statement.

জার্মানি বলছে, রক্ত জমাট বাঁধার বিরল এক ঝুঁকির কারণে তারা ৬০ বছরের কম বয়স্ক লোকদের অক্সফোর্ড-অ্যাস্ট্রাজেনেকার করোনাভাইরাস-প্রতিরোধী টিকা দেয়া স্থগিত করছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

With almost all the votes counted, Mr Erdogan had won about 52%, against 38% for main rival Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu. The huge margin of victory means there is no need for a run-off. Mr Erdogan, who has vowed to bolster the power of the president, promised supporters a "social reconciliation period", saying: "Let's leave the old discussions in the old Turkey." He added in the speech in Ankara: "Today, not only those who love us, but also those who don't have won. Today Turkey has won." The veteran leader, who has spent three terms as prime minister, is revered by supporters for boosting the economy and giving a voice to conservatives. But his critics lament his authoritarian approach and Islamist leanings in a secular state, says the BBC's Mark Lowen in Ankara. After the provisional results were announced Mr Ihsanoglu, joint candidate for the two main opposition parties, said: "I congratulate the prime minister and wish him success." Mr Erdogan has been prime minister since 2003 and was barred from standing for another term. He needed more than 50% of the vote for an outright victory, avoiding a second round. Our correspondent says turnout appears to be much lower than expected - some voters may have been dissuaded by the summer heat and holidays. Turkey - wedged between the turmoil of Iraq, Syria and Ukraine - is an important ally for the West, our correspondent adds, and whoever becomes head of state will hold a key geopolitical position. Mr Erdogan's other rival, Kurdish politician Selahattin Demirtas, took about 9% of the vote.

তুরস্কের দীর্ঘদিনের নেতা রেচেপ তাইয়েপ এরদোয়ান দেশটির প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচনে জয়লাভ করেছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Mr Trump said Soleimani's "reign of terror" was "over" following a strike at Iraq's Baghdad airport on Friday. Soleimani spearheaded Iran's Middle East operations as leader of the country's Quds Force. Iran vowed to take "severe revenge" over his death. The killing marked a major escalation in tensions between Iran and the US. US officials said 3,000 additional troops would be sent to the Middle East as a precaution. Meanwhile, Iraqi state television said there had been another air strike in the country, 24 hours after the killing of Soleimani. An Iraqi army source told the Reuters news agency that six people were killed in the new strike, which hit a convoy of Iraqi militia in the early hours of Saturday morning local time. A US military spokesman denied that the American-led coalition fighting in the region was responsible. "FACT: The Coalition @CJTFOIR did NOT conduct airstrikes near Camp Taji (north of Baghdad) in recent days," said Colonel Myles Caggins III, in a post on Twitter. What did President Trump say? Speaking at a news conference at his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida, Mr Trump said of Friday's attack: "The United States military executed a flawless precision strike that killed the number one terrorist anywhere in the world, Qassem Soleimani." He said: "Soleimani was plotting imminent and sinister attacks on American diplomats and military personnel but we caught him in the act and terminated him." How did Iran react? In a statement following Soleimani's death, the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said: "His departure to God does not end his path or his mission, but a forceful revenge awaits the criminals who have his blood and the blood of the other martyrs last night on their hands." In a letter to the UN Security Council, Iranian ambassador Majid Takht Ravanchi said that Tehran reserved the right to self-defence under international law. How does Iraq fit into this? Iran supports a variety of Shia militia groups in neighbouring Iraq. Soleimani had just arrived at Baghdad airport and was travelling in a convoy alongside officials from such militia, when their cars were hit by several US missiles on Friday. Iraqi militia leader Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis was also killed in the strike. He commanded the Kataib Hezbollah group - also backed by Iran - which Washington blamed for a rocket attack that killed a US civilian contractor in northern Iraq last week. Iraq is in a difficult position, as an ally both of Iran and of the US. Thousands of US troops remain in the country to assist in the broader struggle against the Islamic State (IS) group. But the Iraqi government insists that the US has acted beyond the terms of this agreement. Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi labelled the missile strike as a "brazen violation of Iraq's sovereignty and a blatant attack on the nation's dignity". Iraq's parliament announced that it would hold an emergency meeting on Sunday. The US State Department warned Americans in Iraq to leave "immediately". Who was Qasem Soleimani? The 62-year-old was widely seen as the second most powerful figure in Iran, behind Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The Quds Force, an elite unit of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), reported directly to the ayatollah, and Soleimani was hailed as a heroic national figure. Under his 21-year leadership of the Quds Force, Iran bolstered Hezbollah and other pro-Iranian militant groups in Lebanon; expanded its military presence in Iraq and Syria; and orchestrated Syria's offensive against rebel groups in that country's long civil war.

মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন, 'যুদ্ধ শুরু করতে নয় বরং বন্ধ করতেই' ইরানের শীর্ষ সামরিক কর্মকর্তা কাসেম সোলেইমানিকে হত্যা করেছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The militants turned a football pitch in a village into an "execution ground", where they decapitated and chopped bodies, other reports said. Several people were also beheaded in another village, state media reported. The beheadings are the latest in a series of gruesome attacks that the militants have carried out in gas-rich Cabo Delgado province since 2017. Up to 2,000 people have been killed and about 430,000 have been left homeless in the conflict in the mainly-Muslim province. The militants are linked to the Islamic State (IS) group, giving it a foothold in southern Africa. The group has exploited poverty and unemployment to recruit youth in their fight to establish Islamic rule in the area. Many locals complain that they have benefited little from the province's ruby and gas industries. The BBC's Jose Tembe reports from the capital, Maputo, that the latest attack was probably the worst carried out by the militants. Many people are shocked, and they are calling for a peaceful resolution to the conflict, he adds. The gunmen chanted "Allahu Akbar" ("God is greatest", in English), fired shots, and set homes alight when they raided Nanjaba village on Friday night, the state-owned Mozambique News Agency quoted survivors as saying. Two people were beheaded in the village and several women abducted, the news agency added. A separate group of militants carried out another brutal attack on Muatide village, where they beheaded more than 50 people, the news agency reported. Villagers who tried to flee were caught, and taken to the local football pitch where they were beheaded and chopped to pieces in an atrocity carried out from Friday night to Sunday, privately-run Pinnancle News reported. Mozambique's government has appealed for international help to curb the insurgency, saying its troops need specialised training. In April, more than 50 people were beheaded or shot dead in an attack on a village in Cabo Delgado and earlier this month, nine people were beheaded in the same province. Human rights groups say Mozambican security forces have also carried human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture and killings, during operations to curb the insurgency.

মোজাম্বিকের উত্তরাঞ্চলের একটি গ্রামে ইসলামপন্থী জঙ্গিরা অন্তত ৫২ জন বাসিন্দাকে হত্যা করেছে বলে পুলিশ জানিয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Billionaire Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, two members of his staff, the pilot and a passenger were killed when the aircraft spiralled out of control and crashed in a fireball on Saturday. It had just cleared the King Power Stadium when it came down at 20:30 BST. The Duke of Cambridge said he was lucky to have known Mr Vichai, describing him as a dedicated family man. Leicestershire Police said it believed the other people killed in the crash to be two members of Mr Vichai's staff - Nusara Suknamai and Kaveporn Punpare - and pilots and partners Eric Swaffer and Izabela Roza Lechowicz. Police have said Ms Lechowicz was a passenger at the time of the crash. Mr Swaffer had over 20 years' flying experience as a private jet and helicopter pilot. His career included flying helicopters for live media broadcasting including Channel 4's The Big Breakfast and the Virgin Radio traffic helicopter. Mr Swaffer's friend Lucie Morris-Marr said he was a "veteran in the field" and would have done all he could to prevent lives being lost in the crash. She described him as a "funny and vivacious" man who was in an "aviation love story" with Ms Lechowicz. "Not many people get to work and travel with their soulmate, travelling the world going to glamorous places," she said. The couple were professional pilots who lived together in Camberley, Surrey. Ms Lechowicz moved to the UK from Poland in 1997. In a statement, the Polish embassy said: "With great sadness, we received the news about the death of Izabela Lechowicz in the Leicester catastrophe. "She was a great pilot, winner of the #Polka100 contest. It contributed to the creation of a positive image of Poland in the UK." Mr Vichai, 60, who was married and had four children, bought Leicester City for £39m in 2010. Under his ownership the Foxes won the Premier League in 2016, having started the season as 5,000/1 outsiders. In a statement, Leicester City said the club's thoughts were with "the Srivaddhanaprabha family and the families of all those on-board at this time of unspeakable loss". Prince William, who is president of the FA, said Mr Vichai made a big contribution to football, adding that Leicester City's Premier League title-winning season "captured the imagination of the world". "He will be missed by all fans of the sport and everyone lucky enough to have known him," he said. Former England and Leicester striker Gary Lineker tweeted to say he was "deeply saddened" to hear of Mr Vichai's death. Speaking outside the stadium, club ambassador Alan Birchenall said Leicester City owed "everything" to Mr Vichai. "We wouldn't have won it [the Premier League] without him," he said. "We wouldn't have got near it without him. "There won't be a dry eye among any of the staff today." Thousands of supporters have shared an amended image of the club's emblem with a crying fox on it on social media as a mark of respect. Prime Minister Theresa May said: "The outpouring of grief is a testament to how many people's lives were touched by those on board." The club described Mr Vichai as "a man of kindness, of generosity and a man whose life was defined by the love he devoted to his family and those he so successfully led". "Leicester City was a family under his leadership. It is as a family that we will grieve his passing and maintain the pursuit of a vision for the club that is now his legacy," it added. A book of condolence will open at the King Power Stadium at 08:00 GMT on Tuesday, with an online version on its website for those unable to visit in person. The team's next fixture against Southampton in the EFL Cup, scheduled for Tuesday evening, has been postponed. The players will also wear black armbands this week against Cardiff in the Premier League. Mr Vichai's two horses, due to run at Leicester Racecourse on Monday, have been withdrawn. Jockeys there will wear black armbands at the meeting as a mark of respect. Leicester goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel, who witnesses said ran out of the stadium towards the crash scene, said Mr Vichai had "changed football forever". "I cannot believe this is happening. I am so totally devastated and heartbroken," he added. Club captain Wes Morgan tweeted: "Absolutely heartbroken and devastated regarding the news of our chairman. A man that was loved and adored by everyone here at lcfc." Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said: "Vichai was a gentleman who graced the game with his civility and charm and we will miss him enormously. "His impact on Leicester - the football club and the city - will be remembered forever." Kasabian band member and Foxes fan Serge Pizzorno called Mr Vichai "an unbelievable human being". "It never felt like he acquired this club to then sell on after a few years," he said. "He bought into everything, bought into the city, supported everything around it. "He made all our dreams come true." Paris Saint-Germain, Inter Milan, West Ham United, Tottenham Hotspur, Nottingham Forest and Swansea City were among the football clubs that passed on condolences to Leicester. The helicopter came down in a car park near the stadium just over an hour after Leicester had drawn 1-1 against West Ham United in the Premier League. Leicestershire Police confirmed no-one else had been injured and said the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) is leading the investigation. Supt Steve Potter said: "Emergency services were immediately on scene when the crash happened, working to put out the fire and gain access to the helicopter in attempts to reach those inside. "Despite those efforts, there were no survivors." Supt Potter said it was likely to take several days to complete the investigation at the crash site. Freelance photographer Ryan Brown, who was covering the game, saw the helicopter clear the King Power Stadium before it crashed. He told BBC Radio Leicester: "The engine stopped and I turned round and it made a bit of a whirring noise, like a grinding noise. "The helicopter just went silent, I turned round and it was just spinning, out of control. And then there was a big bang and then [a] big fireball."

ইংলিশ ফুটবল ক্লাব লেস্টার সিটির মালিক খেলা দেখে যখন হেলিকপ্টারে করে ফিরে যাচ্ছিলেন তখনই সেটি বিধ্বস্ত হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

He was charged in court on Thursday in relation to the alleged transfer of $556m (£421m) from state fund 1MDB into his personal bank account. He was also charged with four counts of abuse of power. Mr Najib has pleaded not guilty to all 25 charges. The latest charges come on top of three counts of money laundering levelled against him in August. Mr Najib, members of his family and several allies are accused of embezzling huge sums allegedly used to buy everything from artwork to high-end real estate around the globe. The allegations played a central role in his defeat in an election that was eventually won by his former mentor and long-time PM, 93-year old Mahathir Mohamad. 1MDB, set up by Mr Najib in 2009, was meant to turn the capital, Kuala Lumpur, into a financial hub and boost the economy through strategic investments. Instead, it started to attract negative attention in early 2015 after it missed payments for some of the $11bn it owed to banks and bondholders. Then the Wall Street Journal reported it had seen a paper trail that allegedly traced close to $700m from the fund to Mr Najib's personal bank accounts. Billions of dollars are still unaccounted for.

কয়েকশ কোটি ডলারের অর্থ কেলেঙ্কারিতে মালয়েশিয়ার সাবেক প্রধানমন্ত্রী নাজিব রাজাকের বারো বছরের কারাদণ্ড হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The main opposition is also slightly ahead in the contest for mayor of Istanbul, figures published by the state-run Anadolu news agency suggest. But the president's AKP party is challenging the result in both cities. Municipal elections were held across the nation on Sunday and an AKP-led alliance won more than 51% of the vote. The elections, considered a verdict on Mr Erdogan's rule, have been taking place during an economic downturn. The currency, the lira, has been losing value recently and the economy went into recession in the last three months of 2018. What has the ruling party been saying? The AKP - or Justice and Development Party - alleges "invalid votes and irregularities in most of the 12,158 polling stations in Ankara". Its general secretary, Fatih Sahin, said on Twitter: "We will use our legal rights to the fullest, and we will not allow the will of our citizens to be altered in Ankara." The AKP says it will also challenge the result in Istanbul - the largest city - and the eastern province of Igdir. Commenting on the results in a speech on Sunday, Mr Erdogan looked ahead to national elections in 2023: "We have a long period ahead where we will carry out economic reforms without compromising on the rules of the free-market economy. "If there are any shortcomings, it is our duty to correct them," he said. What are the results? More than 57 million people in the country were registered to vote for mayors and councillors. Turnout was high at just under 85%. The opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) candidate Mansur Yavas won in Ankara, officials said. With almost all votes counted, he was on nearly 51% and the AKP's Mehmet Ozhaseki had won the support of just over 47%. Both CHP and the AKP claim victory in Istanbul, which has been in the hands of parties linked to Mr Erdogan since 1994, when he was elected the city's mayor. The election commission said the CHP's Ekrem Imamoglu was leading there by less than 0.5%, but that the results of more than 80 ballot boxes were being challenged. Results carried by Anadolu put the margin even narrower, at less than 0.25%. The AKP had been saying its candidate, former Prime Minister Binali Yildirim, was ahead by 4,000 votes. He later conceded his opponent had a narrow lead, only for the AKP to again claim victory. The third largest city, Izmir, went to the CHP. "The people have voted in favour of democracy. They have chosen democracy," CHP leader Kemal Kilicdaroglu said. Image of invincibility broken Analysis by Mark Lowen, BBC Turkey correspondent Electoral figures show Istanbul falling to the opposition by a whisker, although the ruling party has challenged the result and refused to concede. Ekrem Imamoglu, who's already changed his Twitter profile to "mayor of Istanbul", has vowed to serve all sides - those who voted for and against him - without discrimination. President Erdogan's setbacks deepened elsewhere, losing the capital, Ankara, and several other cities as his conservative voters punished him for an economic crisis. Local elections are important here. Parties build their base at grassroots level; Mr Erdogan himself gained power after being mayor of Istanbul. He turned this poll into, in effect, a referendum on himself. Now his image of invincibility has been broken and an opposition long seen as hopelessly divided has got a new lease of life. Swathes of Turkey still adore Mr Erdogan, but the half of the country that detests its polarising president are starting to believe he's beatable. How was the campaign? This was the first municipal vote since Mr Erdogan assumed sweeping executive powers through last year's presidential election. The AKP, with its roots in political Islam, has won every election since coming to power in 2002. Mr Erdogan, whose two-month campaign included 100 rallies, said the poll was about the "survival" of the country and his party. With most media either pro-government or controlled by Mr Erdogan's supporters, critics believe opposition parties campaigned at a disadvantage. Mr Erdogan's rallies dominated TV coverage. The opposition pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) said the elections were unfair and refused to put forward candidates in several cities. Some of its leaders have been jailed on terrorism charges, accusations they reject.

তুরস্কের প্রেসিডেন্ট রেচেপ তাইপ এরদোয়ানের দল স্থানীয় নির্বাচনে রাজধানী আঙ্কারার দখল হারিয়েছে। ১৬ বছরের ক্ষমতায় থাকাকালীন সময়ের মধ্যে এটিকে তার বড় বিপর্যয় মনে করা হচ্ছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Robin Levinson-KingBBC News, Toronto A few years ago, John Searle thought his life as he knew it was over. His body had slowly stopped working. He had trouble walking, he was falling down, he had bad short-term memory and, at 69, he was incontinent. It was a pattern of decline the retired Canadian engineer from Brantford, Ontario was all too familiar with. His own sister had died of Alzheimer's in her 50s. His father had died of dementia in his early 80s. So he began to start planning for a future he would not be able to participate in. "You kind of wonder where you're going. You start thinking, is this it?" he says. Doctors could not give him a definitive diagnosis, which only infuriated the retired engineer more. Parkinson's treatment had no effect, he didn't have Alzheimer's but something was clearly not right. By 2018, he needed a wheelchair to go outside, and a walking frame inside his own home. "There was no hope, I was sitting in the window watching life go by." "He was angry - he was beyond angry," his wife Barbara chimes in. "There were nights when I was laying in bed thinking maybe I'll have to sell the house... because I had to do everything." But that changed when he met Dr Alfonso Fasano, a neurologist at the Movement Disorders Clinic at Toronto Western Hospital, who diagnosed him with a condition called normal pressure hydrocephalus, or NPH. The disorder is caused when excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the brain's ventricles, which are the communication centre of the mind. This build-up of fluid can cause movement difficulties, memory and cognition problems and incontinence - symptoms that are also often associated with more common degenerative illnesses, like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or dementia. Hydrocephalus Canada estimates that at least 1 in 200 Canadians over the age of 55, or more than 57,000 people, have NPH. In the US, the Hydrocephalus Association estimates that 700,000 Americans are afflicted, but that only about 20% of people living with the condition been correctly diagnosed. "NPH is a condition that is not well understood yet," says Dr Fasano. Untreated, people may wind up in a nursing home, or die from complications. "That's what we don't want to see, people just dismissed," he says. Mr Searle first heard about NPH when he saw a specialist to treat migraine headaches in 2003. An MRI revealed some fluid in his brain's ventricles, but because he had none of the telltale symptoms, he was not diagnosed. In 2014, after several years of experiencing symptoms like memory loss and mobility difficulty, doctors did a lumbar puncture to drain some fluid from his brain to see if his symptoms improved, a common test for NPH. Because Mr Searle's symptoms did not improve, his doctors determined NPH must not be the culprit. Eight years after 2010, when he first noticed the mobility issues and with his health rapidly deteriorating, he met Dr Fasano and agreed to try the test again. This time, his wife Barbara noticed small improvements - so small that even her husband did not notice them. "He wouldn't believe it," she said. "It was almost like 'if I believe it and they're wrong, it will be too big a disappointment.'" Dr Fasano suggested they insert a shunt into his brain to drain the fluid, the front-line treatment for NPH, with a high success rate according to recent studies. Shunt surgery can have serious complications and is not recommended for everyone with the condition. More than a year later, and Mr Searle says he is beginning to get his life back. His gait has improved as well as his memory. He regularly works out with a personal trainer at the gym and goes on walks to help build his strength back up. "The operation is only 50% of it, the rest is your mindset," he says. Although he still does not have his drivers licence, Mr Searle and his wife have started to travel again. They went to Florida last winter, and they're planning trips to Las Vegas and Jamaica. Barbara says the biggest change is her husband's mood: "The apathy that plagued him is gone. He's his cheery self again." Dr Fasano says since Mr Searle's story was shared with the media, the clinic has been overwhelmed with requests from patients who believe they have been misdiagnosed and have NPH. Although misdiagnosis of NPH is a very real problem, Dr Fasano warns that most people who have been diagnosed with Parkinson's or Alzheimer's have the correct diagnosis - especially if they've been seen by a neurologist. Up to 3% of the population over the age of 65 may have NPH, according to a recent study from Japan. The World Health Organisation estimates dementia, including Alzheimer's, affects between 5-8% of the population over 60. "This is a disease that is probably more common than we think it is, and this is a disease that can be treated very well, with a huge dramatic change of quality of life for these people," says the doctor. "At the same time, people are now believing that if they have Parkinson's, they were misdiagnosed. "They all hope the doctor was wrong."

জন সেয়ার্ল যখন নিজের স্মৃতি হারানো শুরু করলো, তখন তিনি ধারণা করেছিলেন যে এটি ডিমেনশিয়া বা স্মৃতিভ্রম রোগের লক্ষণ। তবে পরে দেখা গেলো তিনি এমন এক বিরল রোগে আক্রান্ত যেটি অনেকসময় নির্ণয় করাই সম্ভব হয় না। তবে সুখবর হলো, এই নরমাল প্রেশার হাইড্রোসেফালাস থেকে চিকিৎসায় আরোগ্যলাভ সম্ভব।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Michelle RobertsHealth editor, BBC News online Britain's medicines regulator, the MHRA, says the jab, which offers up to 95% protection against Covid-19 illness, is safe to be rolled out. The first doses are already on their way to the UK, with 800,000 due in the coming days, Pfizer said. Health Secretary Matt Hancock said the NHS will contact people about jabs. Elderly people in care homes and care home staff have been placed top of the priority list, followed by over-80s and health and care staff. But because hospitals already have the facilities to store the vaccine at -70C, as required, the very first vaccinations are likely to take place there - for care home staff, NHS staff and patients - so none of the vaccine is wasted. A further 648 deaths within 28 days of a positive Covid-19 test were recorded in the UK on Wednesday, with another 16,170 cases reported. Prime Minister Boris Johnson urged the public not to get "carried away with over optimism or falling into the naive belief that our struggle is over". He told a Downing Street news conference that, while the "searchlights of science" had created a working vaccine, significant logistical challenges remained. The Pfizer/BioNTech jab is the fastest vaccine to go from concept to reality, taking only 10 months to follow the same steps that normally span 10 years. The UK has already ordered 40 million doses of the jab - enough to vaccinate 20 million people. The doses will be rolled out as quickly as they can be made by Pfizer in Belgium, Mr Hancock said, with the first load next week and then "several millions" throughout December. Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said the first people in Scotland will be immunised on Tuesday. Welsh Health and Social Care Minister Vaughan Gething said the rollout of the Pfizer jab to care homes would be particularly difficult because of how it needs to be stored. Mr Gething said that it was not possible to transport the Pfizer vaccine to more than 1,000 care homes across Wales. The bulk of the rollout across the UK will be next year, Mr Hancock said, adding: "2020 has been just awful and 2021 is going to be better." There is a clear priority list for who gets the vaccine first - and care home residents and staff are top of it. But operational complexities mean the reality will be somewhat different. When the vaccines arrives, it will be sent straight to major hospitals who have the ultra-cold facilities to store it. From there it can be moved just once - and when it is, it must be kept in batches of 1,000. That means sending it out to care homes, where there may be only a few dozen residents in some places, would lead to a huge amount of vaccine being wasted. Because of that, the NHS, which is in charge of distributing the vaccine, will run clinics from hospitals at first. This will allow NHS and care home staff to get immunised first as well as, perhaps, some of the older age groups who come into hospital. It looks like it will not be until much more of the Pfizer vaccine is available or the Oxford University one, which is easier to distribute, is approved that care home residents will be able to get it. While Mr Hancock said that the government does not yet know how many people need to be vaccinated before restrictions can start being lifted, he added: "I'm confident now, with the news today, that from spring, from Easter onwards, things are going to be better. And we're going to have a summer next year that everybody can enjoy." Mr Johnson added: "It's the protection of vaccines that will ultimately allow us to reclaim our lives and get the economy moving again." Downing Street press secretary Allegra Stratton said Mr Johnson would not rule out receiving the vaccine jab live on television, though she said he would not want to take a jab meant for someone more vulnerable. The free vaccine will not be compulsory and there will be three ways of vaccinating people across the UK: Around 50 hospitals are on stand-by and vaccination centres - in venues such as conference centres or sports stadiums - are being set up now. It is thought the vaccination network could start delivering more than one million doses a week once enough doses are available. NHS England chief executive Sir Simon Stevens said the health service was preparing for "the largest-scale vaccination campaign in our country's history". But experts said people still need to remain vigilant and follow rules to stop the virus spreading - including with social distancing, face masks and self-isolation. "We can't lower our guard yet," said the government's chief medical adviser Prof Chris Whitty. The order in which people will get the jab is recommended by the Joint Committee on Vaccinations and Immunisations and decided by the government. Mass immunisation of everyone over 50, as well as younger people with pre-existing health conditions, can happen as more stocks become available in 2021. Pfizer confirmed that the first stocks of the vaccine will be for the NHS, which will give them out for free based on clinical need. People in the UK will not be able to bypass this and buy the vaccine privately to jump the queue. The vaccine is given as two injections, 21 days apart, with the second dose being a booster. Immunity begins to kick in after the first dose but reaches its full effect seven days after the second dose. Most of the side effects are very mild, similar to the side effects after any other vaccine and usually last for a day or so, said Prof Sir Munir Pirmohamed, the chairman of the Commission on Human Medicine expert working group. The vaccine was 95% effective for all groups in the trials, including elderly people, he said. The head of the MHRA, Dr June Raine, said that - despite the speed of approval - no corners have been cut. Batches of the vaccine will be tested in labs "so that every single vaccine that goes out meets the same high standards of safety", she said. Giving the analogy of climbing a mountain, she said: "If you're climbing a mountain, you prepare and prepare. We started that in June. By the time the interim results became available on 10 November we were at base camp. "And then when we got the final analysis we were ready for that last sprint that takes us to today." The Pfizer/BioNTech was the first vaccine to publish positive early results from final stages of testing. It is a new type called an mRNA vaccine that uses a tiny fragment of genetic code from the pandemic virus to teach the body how to fight Covid-19 and build immunity. An mRNA vaccine has never been approved for use in humans before, although people have received them in clinical trials. Because the vaccine must be stored at around -70C, it will be transported in special boxes of up to 5,000 doses, packed in dry ice. Once delivered, it can be kept for up to five days in a fridge. And once out of the fridge it needs to be used within six hours. Other coronavirus vaccines are also being developed: The World Health Organization's Dr David Nabarro said the Pfizer vaccine would not replace the other measures "for a number of months, even a year, so we'll have to keep doing physical distancing, mask wearing, hygiene and isolating ourselves when we're sick". He told BBC Radio 4's World at One programme "the vaccine will only start to dent the size of the pandemic somewhat later in the year". The pace has been breathtaking. From an unknown virus at the start of the year to a vaccine approved by the regulator and ready to use in early December is an unprecedented timescale. At the Downing Street briefing, the MHRA's chief executive said it was like climbing Everest, with preparations starting in June and a team working "night and day" assessing early data and reaching "base camp" by early November when Pfizer/BioNtech published the trial results. At the same time, the MHRA was adamant that the process had been robust with safety considerations paramount. A rapid emergency approval process was used by the UK regulator. The European Medicines Agency is taking longer to reach a view and there has been some sniping from European politicians arguing their processes are more reliable and authoritative. But the MHRA is an internationally respected independent watchdog and for now those about to receive the first jabs will rely on its ruling.

বিশ্বের প্রথম দেশ হিসাবে ফাইজার/বায়োএনটেকের করোনাভাইরাস টিকার অনুমোদন দিয়েছে যুক্তরাজ্য।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

India's monsoon season started in June, but the death toll in Kerala has soared in the past 24 hours. Rescuers are battling torrential rains to save residents, with more than 200,000 people left homeless in camps. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has arrived in the state to see the devastation for himself. The Kerala government said many of those who died had been crushed under debris caused by landslides. With more rains predicted and a red alert in place, Kerala's main airport is expected to remain shut until 26 August. Hundreds of troops have been deployed to rescue those caught up in the flooding. Helicopters have been airlifting people marooned by the flooding to safety, with photographs and footage emerging from the area showing elderly people and children being rescued. More than 300 boats are also involved in rescue attempts, AFP news agency reports. The government has urged people not to ignore evacuation orders, and is distributing food to tens of thousands of people who have fled to higher ground. The Indian home ministry says more than 930 people have now died across India since the country's monsoon season began. How bad is the Kerala flooding? The region's chief minister, Pinarayi Vijayan, has described the flooding as the worst the state has seen in a century. "We're witnessing something that has never happened before in the history of Kerala," he told reporters. Mr Vijayan said more than 223,000 people were now living in more than 1,500 emergency relief camps set up in the area. Parts of Kerala's commercial capital, Cochin, are underwater, snarling up roads and leaving railways across the state impassable. The state's airport is a hub for domestic and overseas tourists, so its closure is likely to cause major disruption. Some local plantations are reported to have been inundated by water, endangering the local rubber, tea, coffee and spice industries. Schools in all 14 districts of Kerala have been closed and some districts have banned tourists, citing safety concerns. What is the government doing? Prime Minister Modi arrived in the region on Friday evening, Indian media reported, and is due to see the worst affected areas from the air on Saturday. The country's home minister has also offered his support. Anil Vasudevan, the head of the Kerala health disaster response wing, has said they are prepared to help victims and are setting arrangements in place to deal with the potential risks of water-borne diseases when the flooding recedes. Why is the situation so bad? It is normal for Kerala to get some of the country's highest rainfall during monsoon season, but the India Meteorological Department said it had been hit with 37% more than usual because of a spell of low pressure over the region. Further downpours are forecast for the weekend, leading many to fear the situation may get worse. Environmental scientists are also blaming deforestation, especially the failure to protect ecologically fragile mountain ranges in the area, local media report. Mr Vijayan, the region's chief minister, has said the situation in Kerala has been made worse by neighbouring governments. Earlier this week, he and his counterpart in Tamil Nadu entered a public spat over the release of water from a dam. Kerala has 41 rivers flowing into the Arabian Sea, and 80 of its dams are now said to be open after being overwhelmed. "Almost all dams are now opened. Most of our water treatment plants are submerged. Motors are damaged," Mr Vjayan said. 'Neck-deep water' BBC Tamil's Pramila Krishnan spoke to several people who had escaped the flooding in Cochin. Krishna Jayan, 58, said she was at home sleeping when her friend woke her up. "I opened the door and water gushed in," she said. "When we stepped into the street, we were neck-deep in water." She said locals had tied ropes along the streets to help people walk through the water, allowing her and her friend to reach a bus to escape. Another resident, 33-year-old Shabbir Saheel, said he had to carry his two-year-old daughter on his shoulders through the flooded streets to safety.

ভারতের দক্ষিণাঞ্চলীয় রাজ্য কেরালায় গত একশো বছরের ইতিহাসের সবচেয়ে ভয়াবহ বন্যায় এপর্যন্ত তিনশোর বেশি মানুষ মারা গেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

According to the People's Daily state newspaper, officials at a private aerospace institute in Chengdu want to launch this "illumination satellite" in orbit by 2020, and say it will be bright enough to replace street lights. The straight-out-of-sci-fi news has sparked fascination, scepticism from scientists, lots of questions and outright mockery. What do we know about this project? Not much - and the little information that is available is somewhat contradictory. People's Daily first reported it last week, quoting comments made at an innovation conference by Wu Chunfeng, chairman of the neatly named Chengdu Aerospace Science Institute Microelectronics System Research Institute Co, Ltd. Mr Wu said the idea had been in testing for a few years and the technology was now in place to make it happen, with a launch scheduled for 2020. The China Daily newspaper quoted Mr Wu as saying that three "huge mirrors" could be launched by 2022. It's not clear from any of the reports whether this project has any official backing. How might a 'fake moon' work? The artificial moon would work as a mirror, reflecting sunlight back to Earth, according to China Daily. It would orbit 500km about Earth - roughly the same height as the International Space Station. The Moon orbits, on average, about 380,000km above Earth. The reports gave no details about what the fake moon would look like, but Mr Wu said it would reflect sunlight across an area of between 10km and 80km with brightness "eight times" that of the real Moon. According to Mr Wu, both the accuracy and intensity of the light would be controllable. But... why? To save money. It might sound ridiculous but the Chengdu aerospace officials say putting a fake moon in space could actually end up being cheaper than paying for street lights. China Daily quoted Mr Wu as saying illuminating an area of 50sq km could save up to 1.2bn yuan ($173m; £132m) a year in electricity charges. It could also "illuminate blackout areas" after, say, a natural disaster like an earthquake. "Think of this as sort of an investment," Dr Matteo Ceriotti, a lecturer in Space Systems Engineering at the University of Glasgow, told the BBC. "Electricity at night is very expensive so if you could say, have free illumination for up to 15 years, it might work out better economically in the long term." OK but is it possible? Scientifically, it's viable, says Dr Ceriotti. But to serve its purpose, the fake moon would have to be permanently in orbit over Chengdu - a relatively tiny area when you look at the Earth from space. That would mean it would need to be in geostationary orbit, which is about 37,000km from the Earth. "The only problem is at that distance you'd need the satellite pointing direction to be extremely accurate," said Dr Ceriotti. "If you want to light up an area with an error of say 10km, even if you miss by one 100th of a degree you'll have the light pointing at another place." And to have any impact from that distance, the mirror would have to be truly colossal. What impact would this have on the environment? Kang Weimin, director at the Harbin Institute of Technology, told the People's Daily that the light of the satellite would be similar to a "dusk-like glow" and "should not affect animals' routines". But social media users in China have concerns. Some said it will surely confuse nocturnal animals, while others say that many cities in China already suffer from light pollution. "The moon would significantly increase the night-time brightness of an already light-polluted city, creating problems for Chengdu's residents who are unable to screen out the unwanted light," John Barentine, director of Public Policy at the International Dark Sky Association, told news outlet Forbes. Dr Ceriotti told the BBC that if the light is too strong "it will disrupt the night cycle of nature and this could possibly affect animals". "But conversely if the light is so faint then the question is, what is the point of it?" Is this a first? No, a space mirror to create daylight at night has actually been tried before. In 1993, Russian scientists released a 20m-wide reflector from a supply ship heading to the Mir Space Station, which was orbiting at between 200km and 420km. Znamya 2 briefly beamed a spot of light about 5km in diameter to Earth. The light marched across Europe at 8km/hr, before the satellite burned up on re-entry. Attempts to build a bigger model of Znamya failed in the late 1990s, leading the BBC's science editor at the time to say there was "not the slightest chance that the Earth will be girdled with space mirrors in the foreseeable future".

চীনের একটি কোম্পানি রাতের আকাশের উজ্জ্বলতা বাড়াতে মহাকাশে একটি ফেইক মুন বা নকল চাঁদ বসানোর কথা ঘোষণা করেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Lower courts had deemed the ban unconstitutional, but the US top court reversed the decision in a 5-4 conservative majority ruling. At a White House meeting to discuss Mr Trump's proposed border wall he lauded the decision as "a tremendous success". The court's reversal is viewed as a victory for the Trump administration. The ban prohibits most people from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen from entering the US. Mr Trump said the Supreme Court decision was a "great victory" for the nation and constitution. "We have to be tough and we have to be safe and we have to be secure," the Republican president said in Tuesday's meeting with lawmakers. "The ruling shows that all the attacks from the media and the Democrat politicians were wrong, and they turned out to be very wrong," he added. He added: "If you look at the European Union, they're meeting right now to toughen up their immigration policies because they've been over-run, they've been over-run. "And frankly, a lot of those countries are not the same places anymore." The travel ban, which the Supreme Court allowed to take effect in December, has been widely criticised by refugee and human rights groups. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the opinion, which said the travel ban was "squarely within the scope of Presidential authority". He also rejected arguments that the ban discriminated against Muslims. "The Proclamation is expressly premised on legitimate purposes: preventing entry of nationals who cannot be adequately vetted and inducing other nations to improve their practices," Chief Justice Roberts wrote. "The text says nothing about religion." Shortly after the Supreme Court released its decision, President Donald Trump shared the news from his Twitter account. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg joined Justice Sonia Sotomayor in the dissenting opinion, which argues the court failed to uphold the religious liberty guaranteed by the first amendment of the US constitution. "It leaves undisturbed a policy first advertised openly and unequivocally as a 'total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States' because the policy now masquerades behind a facade of national-security concerns," Justice Sotomayor wrote. The dissent also states that "a reasonable observer would conclude that [the ban] was motivated by anti-Muslim animus". What does this ruling mean? The travel ban has been in place since December, when the Supreme Court ruled that it could go into full effect, pending legal challenges. The ban prevents most immigrants, refugees and visa holders from five Muslim-majority countries - Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen - as well as North Korea and Venezuela from entering the US. But the restrictions on North Korea and Venezuela were not part of the legal challenge. The ban allows for waivers on a case-by-case basis, but applicants who cannot afford an attorney to go through the waiver process will likely be unable to immigrate to the US, immigration advocates say. Justice Stephen Breyer noted in his dissenting opinion that the State Department reported that only two waivers were approved out of 6,555 applicants during the first month of the travel ban. The high court has been issuing a number of decisions this week, including a ruling against a California law that required clinics to inform women of the availability of abortions paid for by the state. The Court ruled that the law violated the free speech rights of Christian facilities. Third time's a charm Analysis by Anthony Zurcher, BBC News - at the scene Despite the controversial nature of Donald Trump's travel ban, there were more abortion rights activists outside the Supreme Court on Tuesday morning than immigration protesters. Perhaps it's because abortion has been a contentious legal battle for decades, while the president's travel directive had been in effect, and out of the headlines, for months. Attention in recent weeks has been on migrants coming across the southern US border, not visitors and prospective residents from countries like Libya, Iran, Yemen and Syria. Nevertheless, this marks a significant victory for Mr Trump - and for presidential power to set immigration policy in general - albeit by the narrowest of margins. The five court justices said they took the president's order on its face, and separated it from his more bombastic anti-Muslim comments made on the presidential campaign trail and via Twitter. The travel ban was implemented haphazardly at the start of the Trump administration and faced repeated setbacks from the US legal system. In the end, however, the president got his way - or at least enough of his way to claim success. The third time turned out to be the charm. What's the reaction? The White House issued a statement saying the ruling was "a tremendous victory for the American People and the Constitution". "In this era of worldwide terrorism and extremist movements bent on harming innocent civilians, we must properly vet those coming into our country." Immigration lawyer Cyrus Mehta told the BBC that the majority opinion "gave in to President Trump's hate and bigotry and will be viewed as a blemish". He added that Congress could overrule the decision "so that a future president will not have a blank cheque to block the entire people of a nation - from babies to grandmothers - out of hate, fear or bigotry. That is our only hope for redemption as a nation". Attorney General Jeff Sessions said in a statement that the decision was "critical to ensuring the continued authority of President Trump - and all future presidents - to protect the American people". Omar Jadwat, director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) Immigrant Rights Project called the ruling one of the court's "great failures". "We must make it crystal clear to our elected representatives: If you are not taking action to rescind and dismantle Trump's Muslim ban, you are not upholding this country's most basic principles of freedom and equality." What's the context? Mr Trump's ban has seen several iterations. Iraq and Chad were banned in previous versions. Iraq was removed for having "a close co-operative relationship with the US" and Chad for having "sufficiently improved its practices". The administration said that the ban was the result of carefully considering national security interests, but critics argued it was fulfilling his campaign promise for "a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States". The state of Hawaii had challenged the ban and a federal judge blocked its implementation. Critics have noted that major attacks such as the 9/11 New York attacks, the Boston marathon bombing and the Orlando nightclub attack were carried out by people from countries not on the list, such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Kyrgyzstan, or by US-born attackers.

বিশ্বের পাঁচটি মুসলিম সংখ্যাগরিষ্ঠ দেশের জনগণের আমেরিকা ভ্রমণের নিষেধাজ্ঞার ব্যাপারে সমর্থন দিয়ে মার্কিন সুপ্রিম কোর্টের সিদ্ধান্তকে স্বাগত জানিয়েছেন মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Asaram Bapu was convicted of the 2013 attack on the girl, a devotee at his ashram in Jodhpur, by a court in the city's jail. He is expected to appeal. The guru, who is 77, has 400 ashrams around the world where he teaches meditation and yoga. He is also on trial in another rape case in western Gujarat state. Jodhpur is on high alert because of concerns there could be violence from the guru's supporters, reports BBC Hindi's Priyanka Dubey who is in the city. The judge delivered his verdict from the city's jail because of concerns that it could provoke riots. Two of the guru's aides were also convicted and given 20-year jail terms. Two more were acquitted. "Nothing can compensate for the trauma that the victim and the family have gone through," Utsav Bains, the victim's lawyer, told NDTV ahead of sentencing. The security measures come after followers of another guru, Gurmeet Ram Rahim, ran amok after he was found guilty of rape last year. The resulting violence killed 23 people. What was the case against Asaram? Asaram was arrested in 2013 after a case of sexual assault was filed against him by two of his followers, who alleged that he had assaulted their daughter. Police say that the couple, who had sent the girl to one of his ashrams for spiritual lessons, were summoned to see her as she was "under the influence of some supernatural ghostly powers". They were then told to take their daughter to Jodhpur to meet the guru. The family reached the Jodhpur ashram on 14 August. The following night, Asaram called the victim to his room on the pretext of "curing" her. He then raped the victim while her parents waited outside chanting his prayers, police say. Police say the guru forced the victim to perform sexual acts on him and threatened to murder her family if she spoke about the incident. The victim told her parents what had happened the following day. They tried to confront Asaram, but were refused entry to his ashrams. Who is Asaram Bapu? Asumal Harpalani was born in April 1941 in a village called Bernai in Sindh region in present-day Pakistan. His family migrated to Ahmadabad city in Gujarat after the partition of India. In the 1960s, he started practising spiritualism with different gurus - one of whom gave him the name Asaram. He formed his first ashram in 1972 on the banks of the Sabarmati river in Motera town of Gujarat. His influence spread to different parts of India and around the world in the following decades. According to his website, he has 40 million followers around the world and has built 400 spiritual retreats across 19 countries. Important Indian politicians, including Prime Minister Narendra Modi, have attended his sermons in the past. He also has properties worth millions of dollars across India. The police are also investigating him for corruption and forgery. Controversies around his trial Asaram is also accused of raping another woman in Surat city in Gujarat between 2002 and 2004. The trial in this case is under way. At least nine witnesses in both cases have been attacked over the past five years - three of them have since died. Police are investigating these attacks. The victims' families insist that the guru and his followers are behind these attacks - an allegation he denies. The Jodhpur rape case, for which he has been convicted, has also seen the victim's family threatened by his followers. Other gurus in the news Asaram is far from being the first self-styled Indian holy man to be accused and found guilty of crimes. The Hindustan Times lists a string of controversial gurus who have been in the news for the wrong reasons in recent years. Charges have included murder, sexual assault and corruption. Many Indian spiritual figures have large international followings. One of the most memorable was Rolls Royce-loving Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, who died in 1990 and taught his devotees that free love was the path to enlightenment. A Netflix documentary series recently brought Rajneesh back into the public eye, reminding viewers of the utopian community he set up on an Oregon ranch before it descended into assassination plots and the largest bio-terrorist attack in US history. He's now been renamed "Osho". Tens of thousands of people continue to visit the movement's centre in Pune in India every year.

ভারতেরএক আদালতএত তরুণীকে ধর্ষনের দায়ে বিতর্কিত অ্যাধ্যাত্মিক গুরু আসারাম বাপুকে যাবজ্জীবন কারাদণ্ড দিয়েছে। তিনি দাবি করেন যে সারা পৃথিবীতে তার লাখ লাখ ভক্ত রয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Angie BrownBBC Scotland, Edinburgh and East reporter Cally Russell said the country was left with mountains of unsold clothes in factories after UK retailers pulled out of their contracts. Now the 32-year-old is planning to sell the clothes in the UK at half price in boxes based on customer's preferences. The money will then go to help clothing workers who have lost their jobs. Mr Russell, who is the CEO of online clothing retailer platform Mallzee, has created the new venture called Lost Stock. Shoppers can buy a £35 box of clothes worth £70 after filling in a questionnaire about their size and taste in clothes. The boxes will then be made up in Bangladesh before being shipped to the UK. The shoppers do not get to choose the items but the boxes have been tailored to each customer. He said: "When I read on the BBC news website a factory worker saying 'If coronavirus doesn't kill my workers then starvation will' instead of getting angry I thought let's do something through the connections we have. "After using all our connections to speak to the Bangladeshi factories we now have access to £20m worth of the clothes. "We want to help 5,000 workers by the end of the month and 100,000 by the end of the year." Mr Russell said the venture would stop the clothes being sent to landfill. He said: "This is spring/summer 2020 collection stock. Retailers don't know when their stores will be reopening again so they just cancelled their orders. "There is a force majore clause which they have in their contracts with the Bangladeshi factories which allows retailers to cancel their contracts under exceptional circumstances. "Most deals between the retailers and the factories are payment on delivery so the factories take all the risk up front by manufacturing the garments before they have been paid for the materials and labour. "We are now going to stop some of this stock from being lost and in doing so we will be helping the factory workers and customers will be getting a great deal as well." He said they chose to help the Bangladeshi workers in particular because they do not have access to a furlough scheme or social services safety nets that exist in the UK. Four million Bangladeshis are believed to work in garment factories making clothes and an estimated two million of them have lost their jobs as a result of the outbreak. More than 80% of exports from Bangladesh are clothes. He said it would take at least a year for the country to recover from the clothing backlog even if lockdown restrictions were lifted now. "We want to help with this crisis using all the contacts and resources we have and are confident we can make a difference," he said. Mr Russell and co-founders Callum Stuart and Jamie Sutherland have been working with the Sajida Foundation in Bangladesh. Muhymin Chowdhury, Sajida Foundation's head of challenge fund and fundraising, said: "Since the beginning of the Covid-19 crisis orders worth over $3.18bn (£2.6m) have been cancelled with Bangladesh garment factories, affecting 1,150 factories and the lives of 2.27 million workers and their families. "A recent study carried out here found that 47% of these workers now have no income. With so many of these workers having absolutely no income they don't have access to basic necessities." He said the foundation had a number of initiatives in place to help, ranging from the distribution of food and hygiene packages to households to setting up portable hand washing devices and offering remote medical consultations. "We are very pleased to partner with Lost Stock whose approach helps redress the unfortunate failures of global brands to practise responsible sourcing," he said. "Every Lost Stock box sold will provide a food and hygiene package to support a family for a week. "Additionally, Lost Stock purchases garment products at a fair price from Bangladeshi factories helping support them longer term."

করোনাভাইরাস বিপর্যয়ের মধ্যে অর্ডার বাতিল করার কারণে বাংলাদেশে যে হাজার হাজার গার্মেন্টস শ্রমিক দুদর্শার মধ্যে পড়েছেন তাদের সাহায্য করছেন যুক্তরাজ্যে এডিনবারার এক ব্যবসায়ী।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The announcement comes less than a week after 50 people were killed at two mosques, allegedly by a lone gunman. Ms Ardern said she expected new legislation to be in place by 11 April, saying: "Our history changed forever. Now, our laws will too." All of the dead have now been formally identified, police have confirmed. Australian Brenton Tarrant, a self-proclaimed white supremacist, has been charged with one murder and was expected to face further charges. However, police said on Thursday that the person he was formally accused of killing had been wrongly declared dead. They said they had apologised to the woman and her family, and that the charge sheet would be updated when the suspect appeared in court on 5 April. What will change and how soon? "Six days after this attack, we are announcing a ban on all military style semi-automatics (MSSA) and assault rifles in New Zealand," Ms Ardern said in a news conference. "Related parts used to convert these guns into MSSAs are also being banned, along with all high-capacity magazines." An amnesty has been imposed so the owners of affected weapons can hand them in, and a buy-back scheme will follow. Ms Ardern said the buy-back could cost up to NZ$200m ($138m; £104m), but "that is the price that we must pay to ensure the safety of our communities". The prime minister has called the Christchurch attacker a terrorist and said she will not utter his name. The gunman, armed with semi-automatic rifles including an AR-15, is believed to have modified his weapons with high-capacity magazines - the part of the gun which stores ammunition - so they could hold more bullets. As of Thursday, several weapons have been reclassified as military style semi-automatic firearms, making them harder to buy. "For many people, you will now be in unlawful possession of your firearm," Police Commissioner Mike Bush said. What are semi-automatic weapons and assault rifles? Sources: Violence Policy Center and assaultweapon.info How will the law be changed? Ms Ardern said the legislation would be introduced when parliament sits in the first week of April. There would be a "short, sharp select committee process" for feedback on technical aspects of the law, she said, and changes to the Arms Act should be passed within the session. Once the amnesty period ends, anyone in possession of a banned weapon would face a fine of up to NZ$4,000 and three years in jail. As with Australia's gun reforms in 1996, exemptions will be made for farmers who need weapons for pest control and animal welfare. Analysis: An overwhelming drive for change By Phil Mercer in Christchurch New Zealand has tried - and failed - to reform its gun laws several times in the past two decades, but the momentum for change is now overwhelming. Owners will be forced to surrender proscribed firearms and will be compensated, but those who resist could be prosecuted. A major hurdle for the authorities is that no-one knows how many assault rifles and military-style semi-automatic weapons are out there. New Zealand's Police Association has said there also needs to be a register of all guns and their owners. That could happen in the next round of amendments promised by the prime minister, which will focus on licensing and registration. She has broad public support following the atrocities in Christchurch. Earlier, MPs in the capital, Wellington, were handed a petition with more than 65,000 signatures demanding tougher laws. Some gun owners aren't happy, insisting that vetting procedures were already strict enough. They are, though, swimming against the tide. What has the reaction been? Survivor Kawthar Abulaban, 54, who was at the Al-Noor mosque, welcomed the move: "It's a good thing, why would we need to have guns like this in our houses?" she told AFP. The leader of New Zealand's opposition National Party, Simon Bridges, backed the changes and said it was "imperative in the national interest [that] we keep New Zealanders safe." The move drew strong responses in the US, where campaigners against gun violence frequently clash with the pro-gun lobby. Democratic Senator Bernie Sanders called for America to follow New Zealand's lead, tweeting: "This is what real action to stop gun violence looks like." In response, National Rifle Association (NRA) spokeswoman Dana Loesch cited the Second Amendment of the US constitution, which gives Americans the right to carry guns. "The US isn't NZ," she tweeted. "While they do not have an inalienable right to bear arms and to self defense, we do." Victims of the Christchurch shootings Fifty people lost their lives in the shootings at two mosques in the city.

এক সপ্তাহ আগে নিউজিল্যান্ডের ক্রাইস্টচার্চে মসজিদে হামলায় ব্যবহার করা সব ধরনের সেমি-অটোমেটিক অস্ত্র নিষিদ্ধ করতে যাচ্ছে নিউজিল্যান্ডে সরকার। এমনটাই জানিয়েছেন দেশটির প্রধানমন্ত্রী জাসিন্ডা আরডের্ন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Owen AmosBBC News, Manchester The rich man is Prince Abdullah bin Nasser: grandson of the founder of Saudi Arabia; son of the ex-governor of Riyadh; rich beyond imagination. The poor man is Eamonn O'Keefe: footballer from Manchester; son of a print worker; owner of a terraced house in Oldham. The men are coming back from the casino. Abdullah has lost - he always lost - but no matter. If you're a Saudi prince, a few thousand dollars is lunch money. Eamonn doesn't gamble, but he has won. Two years earlier he was a reserve at Plymouth Argyle in the third tier of English football, trying to find coins for the electricity meter. Now, he's flying with the jet set: first class planes, five-star hotels, on a grand tour of Europe with one of the world's richest families. And then, in the lift, Abdullah turns to Eamonn. "I've been meaning to tell you something," says Abdullah. He puts his hand on Eamonn's shoulder. "I am finding that I love you." Eamonn can smell the prince's breath; cigarettes and Johnnie Walker whisky. Nervously, he replies. "You mean - like a brother?" "No," says Abdullah. "Not like a brother." And that, on a hot summer night in Cannes, is where the trouble began. Eamonn, who's now 65, grew up in post-war Britain, in a three-bedroom, semi-detached council house in Blackley, north Manchester. He had three brothers, two sisters, and a dog. Gran lived with them too. Where did they all sleep? "I'm still baffled," he says in a Manchester hotel, smiling at the memory. His dad, an Irishman, ran the St Clare Catholic men's football team. His mum washed and ironed the kit; Eamonn fetched the balls, then waxed them with dubbin before the next match. Eamonn's house was 30 yards from the park and he would play there, on the wet Manchester grass, until it got dark. He was a fine footballer: picked for Manchester Schools and Manchester United's youth team until, in a match against Altrincham, he broke his leg. His dream - playing under the lights at Old Trafford - was over. Instead, he left school and worked as an errand runner for the Manchester Evening News. When his leg was better, he signed for Stalybridge Celtic, a semi-professional club nearby. His first manager was George Smith, an ex-player who was building an international coaching career. George - who had already worked in Iceland - left Stalybridge to manage Al-Hilal, one of the biggest clubs in Saudi Arabia. Soon afterwards, Eamonn left too, moving 300 miles south to sign as a professional for Plymouth. But he was miserable there - his wages barely covered the rent - and he lasted less than a season. Then, after coming home, he received a letter. The postmark was in Arabic. The letter was from George Smith. He wanted Eamonn to fly to Saudi for a month's trial. If he impressed - and could handle the heat - he would become Al-Hilal's first European signing. "It was November, I think it was snowing [in Manchester]," says Eamonn. "I thought - 'That's not a bad shout.'" But it wasn't just the weather that appealed. Eamonn was married with two children: a spell in Saudi, he thought, would mean repaying the mortgage on his house sooner than he thought. He went to London and flew to the Saudi capital, Riyadh, via Cairo and Jeddah. On arrival in Jeddah, he knew he was in a different world. A Saudi official took his Sunday Express, got a pair of scissors, and cut out the pictures of women, leaving only their heads. It could have been worse, says Eamonn: the man next to him had the News of the World. The culture shocks kept coming. In Riyadh, George waited for Eamonn on the runway, sitting on the bonnet of a huge Buick. At home, Eamonn drove a Morris Mini estate. In Manchester, fish and chips were a treat. At the five-star hotel, Eamonn signed for free food and drink. Eamonn - a 22-year-old from a council house - was in an alternative universe. It wasn't just the heat, or the palm trees or the shimmering desert that stretched to the horizon. It was the wealth. The formation of Opec in 1960, and the oil crisis of 1973, meant the Saudi economy was booming. Between 1970 and 1980, the country's economy rocketed by more than 3,000%. It was wallowing in oil, and serious men had serious money. Eamonn was about to meet one of them. Eamonn first saw Prince Abdullah bin Nasser at Al-Hilal's training ground in Riyadh. Still on trial, he was playing a practice game when Abdullah, the club president, pulled up in a blue Buick. From the pitch, Eamonn saw a pair of eyes peering through the rolled-down window. "George said: 'See the car over there? That's my laddo - the president. He says yes or no [to the contract]. So sharpen up!'" Straight away, the ball came in from the right wing. Eamonn's eyes lit up. He leapt, blond locks bouncing in the desert air, and headed the ball towards goal. "It bulleted into the top corner," he says, more than 40 years later. "And I mean bulleted." Five minutes later, the ball came in from the left wing. Again, he leapt. Again, the ball hit the top corner. As they waited to re-start the game, George whispered in Eamonn's ear. "Whatever you were thinking," he said, referring to Eamonn's wage demands, "add another nought on." After the match, Eamonn, still in his sweat-drenched kit, went to meet the prince. Abdullah asked if the hotel was OK; Eamonn said it was. Abdullah asked if George was happy; George said he was. "Then go to the hotel and write down your needs," said the prince. Eamonn and George made a list: money, car, apartment, flights to England and private schooling for Eamonn's two children when they were old enough. At the next training session, the blue Buick pulled up. George gave Abdullah the list. "Not a problem," the prince said. At home, Eamonn earned £40 a week, plus £15 playing football. His new weekly wage was around £140 - equal to £1,100 today, according to Bank of England inflation data. There were no taxes, no bills and no worries. With his contract agreed, Eamonn flew back to Manchester, packed his bags and returned to Riyadh with his family. At first they lived in a hotel, and - as before - paid for nothing. "The bill was staggering, but it was never questioned," says Eamonn. His wife took a well-paid job at the First National City Bank, and, as Al-Hilal trained only twice a week, Eamonn passed his time by the pool, looking after the children, talking football with George. They were blissful days in the desert. "I can still see the kids with the floats on," he says. From the start, Abdullah liked Eamonn. He bought him a car - "a silver Pontiac Ventura, bonnet like a runway" - and often invited him over for tea. They watched football on a big screen (a luxury in 1976) or talked to Abdullah's brothers. It was an unlikely set-up - a blond-haired boy from England welcomed into the Saudi royal court - but Eamonn enjoyed it. He was young and confident, and found the Saudis surprisingly down-to-earth and kind. In some ways, it was like Manchester - except here, his friends ran the country. On the pitch, things also went well. Eamonn liked his team-mates, and the team reached the semi-final of the King's Cup (before losing on penalties to rivals Al-Nassr). Saudi Arabia wasn't perfect - Eamonn once drove into a square where a public flogging was taking place, with his children in the back seat - but life was good. When the season ended, the O'Keefes returned to England for a holiday. Before they left, Abdullah asked for Eamonn's home phone number. "I'm also planning a trip to England," said the prince. "We should meet up." After three weeks in England, Abdullah phoned Eamonn's mother's house, where the O'Keefes were staying. Eamonn was out so his mother took the call. "What's-he-called has been on the phone," she told her son. "That prince fella." Eamonn called Abdullah back - reverse charges - at the Carlton Tower, a hotel near Harrods in London. Two days later he was on a train to Euston. A chauffeur met him at the station. In the capital, Eamonn was again riding on a merry-go-round of Saudi money. He watched as the prince bought six Cecil Gee suits and wondered, in the Grosvenor Hotel, why a man with white gloves stood near the urinals. ("I honestly thought - he doesn't hold it for you, does he?"). When one of Abdullah's assistants needed new shoes, Eamonn was given £200 and sent to buy a pair. He gave back £150 and went to Marks & Spencer. "Different world," says Eamonn. Soon afterwards, the same assistant returned to Riyadh, so Abdullah asked Eamonn if he wanted to take his place on the tour. It was Paris next, followed by Cannes, Rome, Cairo and back to Saudi. Abdullah's wife wanted to buy furniture; the prince planned to roll the dice at Europe's casinos. His wife and children were going to Wales with his mother-in-law, so Eamonn agreed. A week later, he was in a limousine to Heathrow, ready for his grand tour with "Prince What's-He-Called". By now, the Saudi prince and the boy from Blackley were friends. Eamonn and Abdullah: the Unlikely Lads. "We got on great, we were laughing all the time," says Eamonn. "I think he was bored with all these [other] fellas sucking up to him." At Charles de Gaulle airport, the Saudi ambassador met the prince and his party. "Flags on the car, all that," says Eamonn. While Abdullah held meetings, he gave Eamonn a case to look after. Eamonn got coffee and a bar of chocolate, waited in the VIP area, and was eventually taken to Paris alone, case in tow. An hour later, the phone rang in his hotel room. It was Abdullah, asking for the case, so Eamonn went downstairs to the prince's suite. The prince flipped the locks and showed Eamonn what he'd been carrying: thousands upon thousands of French francs. "A bit like you see on telly, when there's no room for anything else," says Eamonn. "I left it on the seat when I got coffee at the airport - can you imagine if I'd lost it?" That night, Eamonn dined in a glass-bottomed boat on the Seine, before admiring the city from his hotel balcony. He fell asleep a happy man. But his sweet dreams didn't last. Two days later, they flew to Cannes, where they went to the casino and rode in the same lift. After Abdullah made his move, the lift suddenly felt smaller, says Eamonn. The prince had made his feelings clear, so Eamonn did too. He wasn't gay. He wasn't interested in a relationship. He wanted to be a footballer, and nothing else. "It was probably 15 seconds [until the lift doors opened]," says Eamonn. "But it felt like a month. There was this horrible coldness." At that moment, the grand tour was over. The atmosphere had changed, and so had the itinerary. Instead of three nights in Rome, they had one; instead of stopping in Cairo, they went straight to Riyadh. "It was like ice," remembers Eamonn. Eamonn was embarrassed, but he wasn't worried. In the lift, Abdullah told him their relationship would return to "president and player", and Eamonn believed him. "I was not thinking for a minute I was in any danger," he says. "I thought - I've got my contract, we'll get back to normal." After getting back to Riyadh, that changed. Homosexuality was - and still is - illegal in Saudi Arabia, and the royal family were - and still are - omnipotent. Eamonn wasn't going to reveal Abdullah's secret - but what if Abdullah wanted to apply some pressure? Eamonn felt worried. Claustrophobic. Paranoid, perhaps. He went to tell George what had happened, to seek reassurance. He didn't get it. "They're not going to leave it at that, you idiot," said George. George Smith is 84 now; still watching football and still bursting with stories from a long coaching career. Does he remember Eamonn? "Oh yes," he says on the phone from Rochdale. "I made him a pro." George's tales bounce from Saudi to Iceland, via Oman and Bahrain. But Eamonn sticks out. He liked him, but even before their grand tour he was worried. Eamonn spent too much time with Abdullah, he thought - and Abdullah spent too much money on Eamonn. "I thought they were too close, and the president [Abdullah] knew it," he says. "He knew I was worried about it." When George heard about Cannes, he told Eamonn to leave Saudi for his own safety. "He was in danger," he says. "Anything could have happened." Such as? "God knows. An accident of some sort. He was interfering with royalty [Abdullah] - you can't do it." Eamonn went cold. He knew a secret about one of the most powerful men in the country, and that - he thought - put him in danger. He spent the night on George's sofa, but passed most of it staring at the ceiling. He was 22 years old, far from home, and scared. His family were in England, and he couldn't let them return to Riyadh. But there was a problem. To leave the country, his boss had to sign his exit visa - and his boss was Prince Abdullah. To Eamonn, Saudi always felt gilded. Now, it felt like a gilded cage. The next morning, Eamonn decided to lie. He would tell Abdullah that his father was ill, and he needed to see him in England. He went to Abdullah's mansion, told his story and waited for a reaction. The prince listened but made no decision. Instead, he made him sweat. They would discuss it tomorrow, Abdullah said. It was another long night. The five-star hotel in Paris, when he'd slept without a care in the world, seemed a long time ago. The next day, Eamonn went to the football club to meet Abdullah. The prince closed the door and told his staff not to disturb them. Eamonn remembers the prince sitting at the head of a large table. "Is this because of France?" the prince asked. "I don't believe you will return." As Eamonn tried to persuade Abdullah, the prince reached for a pen and paper. Slowly, Eamonn says, he started writing in Arabic. It was a deal. Eamonn could go home, but only for a week. All he had to do was sign. Eamonn couldn't read Arabic. For all he knew, he was signing his life away. So he couldn't sign it. But he couldn't rip it up, either. If he did, the prince would never let him go. He thought, quickly, and decided on what he now calls "the Bluff of the Year". "You want me to sign this?" asked Eamonn. "I have to trust this contract in Arabic - but you don't trust me back? OK, not a problem." Eamonn took the pen and went to sign. At the last second, Eamonn says, Abdullah snatched the paper, ripped it up, and threw it in the bin. "I will arrange a flight for you," he said, reluctantly. The next day, Eamonn went to the airport. He took only a week's clothes, so Abdullah didn't think he was leaving for good. Was he still scared? "Absolutely," says Eamonn. "Because if he [Abdullah] says you're not getting on the plane, you're not getting on it. Even when the plane went up, I was worried." After he landed in London, he punched the seat in front with joy. But his problems weren't over. To resume his career in England, he needed to register with the Football Association. To register with the Football Association, he needed clearance from Saudi Arabia. After speaking to the FA, Eamonn received a fax from Riyadh. It demanded: -9,000 Saudi riyals for breaking the contract (around £1,200 then, equal to £8,000 today) -1,500 riyals for repairing the air conditioning at his apartment -£300 (in sterling) to repay a loan from Abdullah -Minus one month's salary still owed to Eamonn Eamonn could accept points one and four. The others, he felt, were revenge by Abdullah. The air conditioning wasn't broken, he says, and he never borrowed a penny from the prince. Eamonn spoke to the FA and, on 22 November 1976, received a telegram from London. "Please ring - reverse charges - urgent," it said. It was signed by the new head of Saudi football, Jimmy Hill. In 1976, Jimmy Hill was one of the most famous men in English football. In 1961, as head of the players' union, he had abolished the maximum wage; by the 1970s, he was presenter of the BBC's primetime football show, Match of the Day. The contract in Saudi was worth £25m. How much went to him and his son Duncan (also employed in Saudi) is unknown, but it was too much to be blown by a boy from Blackley. As requested, Eamonn phoned Hill. Eamonn's dad - a trade unionist - said he was happy to tell Fifa, and the world, what happened in Cannes. Two weeks later, a meeting was arranged in Altrincham between a mutual friend of George and Eamonn's, a representative from Al-Hilal, and Eamonn. "What do you think would have happened if you stayed?" asked the man from Al-Hilal, sarcastically. "When it's your family, you can't gamble," Eamonn replied, deadly serious. After a heated discussion, the men shook hands. A week later, the Saudis sent Eamonn's release, and he was free to play in England. The Saudi adventure was over. Finally, he was off the merry-go-round. When he got back to England, Eamonn was broke. He couldn't get his wages - they were in a Saudi account - so he had to sell his house in Oldham. He returned to work at the Manchester Evening News, and, eventually, started playing for semi-professional side Mossley. After the sunshine and swimming pools of Saudi, the wind and rain of the Northern Premier League seemed like a step down. But Eamonn loved it. In 1979, Mossley won the league and cup double and Eamonn moved to Everton, in the top tier of English football, for £25,000. He played 40 times in the First Division before moving to Wigan Athletic. He also played five times for the Irish Republic - including, in 1985, against England at Wembley. The last time he had been there, in 1968, he was a wide-eyed fan watching Manchester United beat Benfica in the European Cup final. Now, people were paying to watch him. It is one of many reasons why he isn't bitter about Saudi, Abdullah or that hot summer night in Cannes. "If it [the incident in the lift] hadn't happened, I would have stayed in Saudi," he says. "I might never have played for Everton, might never have played for Ireland." Abdullah remained as president of Al-Hilal until 1981, and kept spending. After Eamonn, his next signing was Rivellino, the Brazilian World Cup winner. The club won the new Jimmy Hill-organised league in 1977 and 1979, and are now one of the biggest clubs in Asia. Apart from his love of football, not much is known about the prince. The Saudi government's Center for International Communication and Al-Hilal Football Club both declined to comment on Eamonn's story, and there has been little written about the prince. He was, after all, one of hundreds. Abdullah's grandfather - Ibn Saud, the founder of the country - had 45 sons. Of those, 36 had children of their own, one of whom was Abdullah. As one Saudi expert told the BBC: "These guys lead very sheltered lives, in a society which has the opposite of an enquiring press." The Saudi government wouldn't say whether Abdullah was alive, but the Al Hilal website suggests he is dead. A Middle East journalist told the BBC he passed away in 2007, another thought it might be 2006. According to Arabic Wikipedia - the entry runs to less than 400 words - Abdullah had three wives and seven children. The last time Eamonn saw him was the "Bluff of the Year" in Riyadh. You may also be interested in After managing Cork City in Ireland, Eamonn worked for the council in Cheshire. He moved to Portugal but is now retired near Manchester. He was treated for cancer in 2017 with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and is making a steady recovery. "Touching wood and sending up a quick prayer, it's all looking good now," he says. He still works on match days in the hospitality suites at Everton, sharing stories from his career. For years, he didn't talk about Saudi: he didn't want to relive the trauma, or open himself to homophobic taunts. After coming home, he even turned down a cheque from a tabloid reporter. But now, more than 40 years on, he is happy to share all. More than anything, he wants his Saudi team-mates to know why he left. "I loved my time in Saudi - how can you not love living like that?" he says. "I loved my team-mates, the facilities were great, the whole set-up was fantastic. We were happy there." Eight years ago Eamonn wrote an autobiography. Its title perfectly captures his life, from the green grass of St Clare's Catholic club to his red-hot Saudi adventure. I Only Wanted To Play Football. Photographer: Jon Parker Lee

গ্র্যান্ড হোটেল, কান, ১৯৭৬ সাল। গ্রীষ্মের এক রাতে লিফটের ভেতর এক ধনী রাজপুত্র এবং এক দরিদ্র ফুটবলার।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The case was brought by businesswoman Gina Miller, who argued the move was "an unlawful abuse of power". Rejecting Ms Miller's case, Lord Chief Justice Lord Burnett said she could immediately appeal because of the important points of law at stake. The appeal is expected to be heard at the Supreme Court on 17 September. Ms Miller said she was "very disappointed with the judgment". She added: "We feel it is absolutely vital that Parliament should be sitting. We are therefore pleased that the judges have given us permission to appeal to the Supreme Court, which we will be doing, and they feel that our case has the merit to be handed up." A similar legal challenge was rejected at Edinburgh's Court of Session earlier this week. Following an appeal, judges at Scotland's highest civil court said on Friday a decision would not be made before Wednesday. The prime minister announced on 28 August he wanted to shut down Parliament, a process known as proroguing, for five weeks ahead of a Queen's Speech on 14 October. His political opponents argued at the time that Mr Johnson's aim was to avoid parliamentary scrutiny and to stop them passing legislation that would prevent the UK leaving the European Union without a deal on 31 October. The UK government insisted this was not the case and said the aim of proroguing Parliament was to allow Mr Johnson to set out his legislative plans in the Queen's Speech while still allowing sufficient time for MPs to debate Brexit. A bill designed to prevent a no-deal Brexit has since been passed by MPs and is expected to gain royal assent before the shutdown next week. In 2017, Gina Miller won a case which stopped ministers triggering the Article 50 process - by which the UK leaves the EU - without a vote in Parliament. The latest case brought by Ms Miller was supported by a number of other parties, including former prime minister Sir John Major. During the hearing, Lord Pannick QC said prorogation breached the legal principle of Parliamentary sovereignty. He said the PM's decision was "extraordinary" - both because of the "exceptional length" of the suspension and because Parliament would be "silenced" during the critical period leading up to the 31 October deadline. Mr Johnson's lawyers argued prorogation was a political, not a legal, matter. Rejecting the case, Lord Burnett said: "We have concluded that, whilst we should grant permission to apply for judicial review, the claim must be dismissed." The three judges are expected to give their reasons for dismissing the case in writing next week. We don't know why Gina Miller lost, but we have an idea of what will be before the Supreme Court. Ms Miller's team accepts Boris Johnson can ask the Queen to shut down Parliament. But they argued an exceptional five-week prorogation was an abuse of his executive powers. The problem in challenging that in court is that judges are there to enforce the law. The government argues that the law is silent on how long a prorogation should be and that it doesn't help the court judge whether Parliament actually wants to sit, or what would constitute "sufficient" time for considering Brexit - or indeed whether the entire affair is simply a giant political argument that's no business of M'Lords and Ladies at all. And that's why the case is heading to the Supreme Court. What other legal challenges are taking place? In Scotland, a group of politicians are attempting to overturn a court ruling made on Wednesday that Mr Johnson's plan to shut down parliament ahead of Brexit is, in fact, legal. Lord Doherty, sitting at the Court of Session, said the prime minister had not broken any laws by asking the Queen for a five-week suspension as it was for Parliament and the electorate to judge the prime minister's actions - not the courts. The group of more than 70 largely pro-Remain politicians, headed by SNP MP Joanna Cherry, argues that Mr Johnson is exceeding his powers and attempting to undermine democracy by avoiding parliamentary scrutiny before the UK leaves the EU on 31 October. On Friday, Lord Carloway said the court had some extremely complex issues to decide, and it hoped to be in a position to give its judgment on Wednesday. In Belfast, a campaigner for victims of the Troubles brought a case on Friday arguing that a no-deal exit from the EU could jeopardise the Northern Ireland peace process. The lawyers of Raymond McCord - whose son was murdered by the loyalist Ulster Volunteer Force in 1997 - argued no-deal would endanger the Good Friday Agreement and that suspending Parliament is unconstitutional. The hearing at the High Court in Belfast was adjourned until Monday. What questions do you have about the latest Brexit developments? Use this form to ask your question: If you are reading this page on the BBC News app, you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question on this topic.

ব্রিটেনের সর্বোচ্চ আদালত প্রধানমন্ত্রী বরিস জনসনের সংসদ স্থগিত করার সিদ্ধান্তকে অবৈধ বলে যে রায় দিয়েছে, তা মি: জনসনের জন্য একটা বড় ধরনের ধাক্কা।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Official results showed the measure had passed by 51.2% to 48.8% in Sunday's referendum. The proposal was put forward by the right-wing Swiss People's Party (SVP) which campaigned with slogans such as "Stop extremism". A leading Swiss Islamic group said it was "a dark day" for Muslims. "Today's decision opens old wounds, further expands the principle of legal inequality, and sends a clear signal of exclusion to the Muslim minority," the Central Council of Muslims said in a statement, adding that it would challenge the decision in court. The Swiss government had argued against the ban saying it was not up to the state to dictate what women wear. According to research by the University of Lucerne (in German), almost no-one in Switzerland wears a burka and only around 30 women wear the niqab. About 5% of Switzerland's population of 8.6 million people are Muslim, most originating from Turkey, Bosnia and Kosovo. Swiss people are given a direct say in their own affairs under the country's system of direct democracy. They are regularly invited to vote on various issues in national or regional referendums. It is not the first time Islam has figured in a Swiss referendum. In 2009 citizens went against government advice and voted to ban the building of minarets - a proposal also put forward by the SVP which said minarets were a sign of Islamisation. The proposal in Sunday's referendum did not mention Islam directly and was also aimed at stopping violent street protesters from wearing masks. However, the vote was widely referred to as "the burka ban". The latest proposal predated the coronavirus pandemic, which has meant all Swiss adults having to wear masks in many settings. Swiss voters give face covering ban a 'jein' Analysis by Imogen Foulkes, BBC News, Geneva Was today's vote about all face coverings, from niqabs and burkas to the scarves rioters sometimes pull over their faces? That's what the Yes campaigners from the Swiss People's Party insisted - but their posters and literature said otherwise, showing threatening looking women in black niqabs, and warning of Islamic extremism. So does the result mean the Swiss are becoming more extreme? Are they Islamophobic? Perhaps not. In the end, the ban only just squeaked through. In the past the Swiss People's Party has had much bigger majorities for its populist initiatives, often aimed at restricting asylum and immigration. It successfully pushed through a ban on minarets in 2009 with a similar campaign to this one. But the debate around face coverings touched all sorts of different nerves. Many Swiss feminists view the burka and niqab as oppressive to women but they also oppose laws telling women what they can and cannot wear. When it came to voting they were torn. A regular answer from women asked whether they would support the ban was "Jein", a cross between "Ja" (yes) and "Nein" (no). Today's close vote in Switzerland was probably very much a "Jein" as well. Sanija Ameti, a member of Switzerland's Muslim community, told the BBC that the campaign - and the depiction of Muslim women in the posters - had been upsetting. "So many Muslims in Switzerland will feel insulted and not part of this society, and pushed into a corner where they don't belong. We don't look like these women in the pictures, we just don't," she said. However, others in the Muslim community supported the ban. Imam Mustafa Memeti, from the city of Bern, told the BBC he thought the motivation behind the campaign was "probably Islamophobic". But he said he supported the ban anyway because it could help to emancipate Muslim women in Switzerland. Ahead of the vote, Walter Wobmann, chairman of the referendum committee and an SVP lawmaker, described Muslim face coverings as "a symbol for this extreme, political Islam which has become increasingly prominent in Europe and which has no place in Switzerland". "In Switzerland our tradition is that you show your face. That is a sign of our basic freedoms," he said. Amnesty International spoke out against the proposed ban, calling it "a dangerous policy that violates women's rights, including to freedom of expression and religion". The wearing of Islamic veils in public has been a controversial topic in other European countries. France banned wearing a full face veil in public in 2011 while the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria and Bulgaria have put in place full or partial bans on wearing face coverings in public.

সুইৎজারল্যান্ডে এক গণভোটে মুসলিম নারীদের বোরকা বা নিকাবসহ প্রকাশ্যস্থানে মুখ-ঢাকা পোশাকের ওপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা আরোপের পক্ষে ভোট পড়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Robert Bowers, 46, is accused of opening fire at the Tree of Life synagogue during its Sabbath service. He faces 29 criminal counts, including use of a firearm to commit murder. Federal prosecutors say they will also file hate crime charges, and the suspect could face the death penalty. President Donald Trump described the attack as a "wicked act of mass murder". Six people - including four police officers - were injured in Saturday's attack. The suspect was also wounded in a shootout with police. Hundreds of people - from the neighbourhood and also all across Pittsburgh - later gathered for an interfaith vigil for the victims of the attack in the synagogue in Squirrel Hill. Sophia Levin, a local resident and one of the organisers, told the BBC people wanted to be "together, not alone", and the vigil would help heal the city. President Trump said he would visit Pittsburgh soon. He also ordered US flags at government buildings to be flown at half-mast until 31 October. What are the charges? The 29 charges were announced in a statement issued by the US Attorney's Office of the Western District of Pennsylvania: How did the shooting unfold? On Saturday morning, worshippers had gathered at the synagogue for a baby naming ceremony during the Sabbath. Squirrel Hill has one of the largest Jewish populations in Pennsylvania and this would have been the synagogue's busiest day of the week. Police said they received first calls about an active shooter at 09:54 local time (13:54 GMT), and sent officers to the scene a minute later. According to reports, Mr Bowers, a white male, entered the building during the morning service armed with an assault rifle and three handguns. The gunman had already shot dead 11 people and was leaving the synagogue after about 20 minutes when he encountered Swat officers and exchanged fire with them, FBI agent Robert Jones said. The attacker then moved back into the building to try to hide from the police. He surrendered after a shootout, and is now being treated in hospital for what has been described as multiple gunshot wounds. The crime scene was "horrific", Pittsburgh's Public Safety Director Wendell Hissrich told reporters. "One of the worst I've seen, and I've [worked] on some plane crashes. It's very bad." Mr Hissrich said no children were among the casualties. What do we know about the gunman? US media said he had shouted "All Jews must die" as he carried out the attack. Social media posts by someone with the name Robert Bowers were also reported to be full of anti-Semitic comments. FBI special agent Bob Jones told a press conference that Mr Bowers did not appear to be known to authorities prior to the attack. He said that any motive remains unknown but that authorities believe he was acting alone. 'Grief and hurt' Gary O'Donoghue, BBC News, Pittsburgh In the dwindling light, and with the cold autumn rain falling, hundreds gathered in front of the 6th Presbyterian church just a few streets away from the Tree of Life Synagogue. Holding their candles, they sang the Jewish prayer of healing. The elders in the community had wanted to wait a day before holding the vigil, but the young people said no - they wanted an immediate chance to share their grief and voice their hurt. Fifteen-year-old Sophia Levin declared that she was a different Jew today to the one she was yesterday. Anti-Semitism, she said, had been something she thought happened elsewhere and in earlier times; but now she knew it was right here, right now. Some of these young people have been involved in the student gun control movement that sprang up after the Parkland shooting earlier this year. One of them, Rebecca Glickman, told the crowd that gun control was needed now more than ever. She told me that an anti-Semite with a gun is more dangerous than an anti-Semite without a gun, so that's a good place to start. What has been President Trump's reaction? He called the shooting a "terrible, terrible thing". "To see this happen again and again, for so many years, it's just a shame," he told reporters. He described the gunman as a "maniac" and suggested the US should "stiffen up our laws of the death penalty". "These people should pay the ultimate price. This has to stop," he said. Mr Trump added that the incident had "little to do" with US gun laws. "If they had protection inside, maybe it could have been a different situation." Former US President Barack Obama voiced a different position on the ongoing gun law debate, tweeting: "We have to stop making it so easy for those who want to harm the innocent to get their hands on a gun." What about other reaction? Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf said in a statement that the incident was an "absolute tragedy" and that such acts of violence could not be accepted as "normal". The president of the Jewish Federation of Greater Pittsburgh, Jeff Finkelstein, said his "heart goes out to all these families". "Now I'm just sad. This should not be happening. Period. It should not be happening in a synagogue. It should not be happening in our neighbourhood here in Squirrel Hill," he said. Jonathan Greenblatt, the head of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), a Jewish non-governmental organisation that fights anti-Semitism, said he was "devastated". "We believe this is the deadliest attack on the Jewish community in the history of the United States," he said in a statement. World leaders also condemned the attack, including Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu who said he was "heartbroken and appalled", and German Chancellor Angela Merkel who said: "We all have to stand up against anti-Semitism, everywhere." Extra police officers have been deployed at synagogues and Jewish centres across the US after the attack. The BBC's Dan Johnson in Washington says the shootings come at a tense time in the US, after a week in which mail bombs were sent to critics of Mr Trump, ahead of crucial mid-term elections next month.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের পিটসবার্গ শহরের এক ইহুদী উপাসনালয়ে হামলা চালিয়ে যে লোকটি ১১ জনকে হত্যা করে, তার বিরুদ্ধে আনুষ্ঠানিক অভিযোগ এনেছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ফেডারেল কৌশুলিরা।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The airborne transmission could not be ruled out in crowded, closed or poorly ventilated settings, an official said. If the evidence is confirmed, it may affect guidelines for indoor spaces. An open letter from more than 200 scientists had accused the WHO of underestimating the possibility of airborne transmission. The WHO has so far said that the virus is transmitted through droplets when people cough or sneeze. "We wanted them to acknowledge the evidence," Jose Jimenez, a chemist at the University of Colorado who signed the paper, told the Reuters news agency. "This is definitely not an attack on the WHO. It's a scientific debate, but we felt we needed to go public because they were refusing to hear the evidence after many conversations with them," he said. Another signatory - Professor Benjamin Cowling of Hong Kong University - told the BBC the finding had "important implications". "In healthcare settings, if aerosol transmission poses a risk then we understand healthcare workers should really be wearing the best possible preventive equipment... and actually the World Health Organization said that one of the reasons they were not keen to talk about aerosol transmission of Covid-19 is because there's not a sufficient number of these kind of specialised masks for many parts of the world," he said. "And in the community, if we're thinking about aerosol transmission being a particular risk, then we need to think about how to prevent larger super spreading events, larger outbreaks and those occur in indoor environments with poor ventilation, with crowding and with prolonged close contact." WHO officials have cautioned the evidence is preliminary and requires further assessment. Benedetta Allegranzi, the WHO's technical lead for infection prevention and control, said that evidence emerging of airborne transmission of the coronavirus in "crowded, closed, poorly ventilated settings that have been described, cannot be ruled out". A shifting position? Imogen Foulkes, BBC News in Geneva For months, the WHO has insisted that Covid-19 is transmitted via droplets emitted when people cough or sneeze. Droplets that do not linger in the air, but fall onto surfaces - that's why handwashing has been identified as a key prevention measure. But 239 scientists from 32 countries don't agree: they say there is also strong evidence to suggest the virus can also spread in the air: through much tinier particles that float around for hours after people talk, or breathe out. Today the WHO admitted there was evidence to suggest this was possible in specific settings, such as enclosed and crowded spaces. That evidence will have to be thoroughly evaluated, but if it is confirmed, the advice on how to prevent the virus spreading may have to change, and could lead to more widespread use of masks, and more rigorous distancing, especially in bars, restaurants, and on public transport.

বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য স্বীকার করেছে যে বাতাসে ভেসে থাকা ক্ষুদ্র কণার মাধ্যমে করোনাভাইরাস ছড়ানোর প্রমাণ পাওয়া যাচ্ছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The People's Climate March is campaigning for curbs on carbon emissions, ahead of the UN climate summit in New York next week. In Manhattan, organisers said some 310,000 people joined a march that was also attended by UN chief Ban Ki-moon. Earlier, huge demonstrations took place in Australia and Europe. "This is the planet where our subsequent generations will live," Mr Ban told reporters. "There is no 'Plan B' because we do not have 'Planet B'." The UN Secretary General was accompanied by primatologist Jane Goodall and the French Ecology Minister, Segolene Royal. New York hosted the largest of Sunday's protests, drawing more than half of the 600,000 marchers estimated by organisers to have taken part in rallies around the world. Manhattan echoed to the sound of chants, horns and drums as the colourful protest progressed through the streets. Organisers of the Manhattan event said it surpassed the largest previous protest on climate change. They said the massive mobilisation was aimed at transforming climate change "from an environmental concern to an everybody issue". Business leaders, environmentalists and celebrities joined the demonstration. Hollywood actor Leonardo DiCaprio also took part, having been appointed as a UN representative on climate change last week. Analysis: Roger Harrabin, BBC Environment analyst Another protest, another climate conference - will this time be any different? Well, the marches brought more people on to the streets than ever before, partly thanks to the organisational power of the e-campaign group Avaaz. And the climate talks will also be influenced by technology, as it was reported this week that the sun and wind can often generate power as cheaply as gas in the home of fossil fuels, Texas. Certainly the UN's Secretary General, Ban Ki Moon, hopes that he can make a fresh start in the endless blame-your-neighbour round of climate talks. Next year world leaders are due to show up in Paris to settle a global climate deal based not on a bitterly-contested chiselling negotiation in the middle of the night, but on open co-operative offers of action to tackle a shared problem. Mr Ban has invited leaders to New York to make their offers public. Some small nations will doubtless make new contributions to the carbon contraction effort as they realise the vulnerability of their own economies to a hotter world. But some big players may continue the game of climate poker, holding back their offers until they see what else is on the table. So there is no guarantee that Ban's idea will work - but at least for weary climate politics watchers it will be a change. The New York rally was part of a global protest that included events in 156 countries - Afghanistan, the UK, Italy and Brazil among them. On Tuesday, the UN will host a climate summit at its headquarters in New York with 125 heads of state and government - the first such gathering since the unsuccessful climate conference in Copenhagen in 2009. Mr Ban hopes leaders can make progress on a universal agreement to be signed by all nations at the end of 2015.

জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনের ক্ষতিকর প্রভাব মোকাবেলার দাবি নিয়ে লক্ষ লক্ষ মানুষ বিশ্বজুড়ে প্রতিবাদ-বিক্ষোভে অংশ নিয়েছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Mr Trump spoke as the two Gulf states signed agreements fully normalising their relations with Israel. The three countries hailed the deals as historic, as did Mr Trump, whose administration helped broker them. The Gulf states are just the third and fourth Arab countries to recognise Israel since its founding in 1948. Mr Trump hopes other countries will follow suit, but the Palestinians have urged them not to while their conflict remains unresolved. For decades, most Arab states have boycotted Israel, insisting they would only establish ties after Israel's dispute with the Palestinian was settled. "After decades of division and conflict we mark the dawn of a new Middle East," Mr Trump told a crowd of hundreds gathered at the White House on Tuesday. "We're here this afternoon to change the course of history," he added. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu welcomed the deals, saying, "This day is a pivot of history; it heralds a new dawn of peace." But Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas said only an Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories could bring peace to the Middle East. "Peace, security and stability will not be achieved in the region until the Israeli occupation ends," he said in a statement after the signing of the deals, AFP news agency reports. The Israeli army said that two rockets were fired from the Gaza Strip into Israel while the ceremony was under way. Why are these agreements being hailed as 'historic'? Before the UAE and Bahrain, the only other Arab countries in the Middle East to recognise Israel officially were Egypt and Jordan, who signed peace treaties in 1978 and 1994 respectively. Mauritania, a member of the Arab League in north-west Africa, established diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999 but severed ties in 2010. All eyes will be on whether other countries in the region follow suit, above all Saudi Arabia. So far, the Saudis have signalled that they are not ready. The agreements are also likely to usher in new security ties in a region where many of the Gulf Arab states share with the Israelis a common adversary in Iran. A significant achievement Analysis by Gary O'Donoghue, Washington correspondent These agreements represent the most significant diplomatic achievement of the Trump administration. Persuading two Arab states to engage in this kind of rapprochement with Israel - without a solution to the Palestinian question - marks a significant move for pan-Arab unity. The specific details of the agreements are not yet public, but there will be embassies, commercial deals and the opening of travel links between the countries. Mr Trump even suggested five other Arab states were "far down the road" towards finalising similar arrangements. But the agreements have been condemned by the Palestinian leadership as a "black day" for the region. Developments on the ground in the occupied West Bank and Gaza could still derail these new relationships. Why have Palestinians condemned the deals? The Palestinians have said the agreements are dangerous betrayals. They believe the moves by the Gulf countries renege on a promise by Arab states not to embrace ties with Israel until Palestinian statehood is achieved. The UAE has said progress on Palestinian statehood is central, and that their agreement included a promise from Israel to "suspend" its controversial plan to annex key parts of the occupied West Bank that were allocated to it by President Trump under the Middle East peace plan he unveiled in January. The Palestinians rejected Mr Trump's proposals as biased towards Israel and warned that annexation would destroy their hopes of a viable future independent state and violate international law - a stance supported by much of the international community. The UAE's minister of state for foreign affairs told the BBC that it had sensed an "opportunity" when Mr Netanyahu signalled he would press ahead with annexation earlier this year. "Everybody was worried about the annexation of Palestinian lands, which was really a threat to the viability of the two-state solution," Anwar Gargash said. "And I think this sort of brought our plans forward and gave us a reason, a clear reason and clear rationale, why a decision that we would have taken in 2021 or 2022 should be taken now." Mr Gargash said he did not believe Mr Netanyahu or another Israeli leader would be likely to renege on the promise to suspend the annexation plans. The UAE has called on the Palestinian leadership to use this moment to reorganise its approach and prepare to re-engage in productive discussions with Israel. In a statement issued after he attended the ceremony at the White House, former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair said the deals were "a massive and welcome opportunity to recast the politics of the region". He said he understood Palestinian objections but that "in time, the Palestinian people will understand that it is only by radically changing strategy that the legitimate aspirations for a viable Palestinian state can be realised". What's the background? There is a backdrop of the regional rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran in these diplomatic moves. The decades-old feud between them is exacerbated by religious differences. They each follow one of the two main branches of Islam - Iran is largely Shia Muslim, while Saudi Arabia sees itself as the leading Sunni Muslim power. The UAE and Bahrain are both Saudi allies. Saudi Arabia's response will be watched closely. There is no indication yet it is ready to follow Bahrain and the UAE. Prior to the announcement of the UAE agreement in August - which included the suspension of Israel's controversial plans to annex parts of the occupied West Bank - Israel had had no diplomatic relations with Gulf Arab countries. Last month saw the first official flight from Israel to the UAE, which was seen as a major step in normalising relations. President Trump's son-in-law and senior adviser Jared Kushner, who was on the plane, described the UAE deal as having "the ability to change the whole course of the Middle East".

সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত ও বাহরাইনের সাথে ইসরায়েলের ঐতিহাসিক চুক্তির দিনটিকে মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বললেন 'নতুন মধ্যপ্রাচ্যের ভোর'।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Reality Check teamBBC News But when it comes to royal weddings - with all the VIPs, security and extra extravagance - the bill runs into millions. So what do we know about the expected cost of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's wedding, and how much will the taxpayer be paying towards it? Security cost The wedding will be held in Windsor. And crowds in excess of 100,000 people are expected to descend on the town. Invitations have been sent to 600 guests, with a further 200 invited to the couple's evening reception On top of that, 1,200 members of the public will attend the grounds of Windsor Castle. Managing these sorts of numbers requires substantial planning. And security will almost certainly be the biggest single cost. The Home Office wouldn't comment when Reality Check contacted it, saying revealing policing costs could compromise "national security". Likewise, when we rang Thames Valley Police, it said: "We aren't going to give you any data I'm afraid - even though we know you love numbers." However, we do know £6.35m was spent by the Metropolitan Police (ie the taxpayer) on security for Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's wedding. That's based on a Freedom of Information request released to the Press Association. But it's difficult to draw a direct comparison with Prince Harry and Ms Markle's wedding - the location and guest numbers are different. Other costs Kensington Palace hasn't released any details of what it plans to spend on the wedding. That's not really a surprise given that the official cost of Prince William and Catherine's wedding has never been revealed. That leaves us with unofficial estimates and as such they need to be treated with some caution. Bridebook.co.uk, a wedding planning service, says the total cost of the wedding could be £32m - including the cost of security. It put the cost of the cake at £50,000, the florist at £110,000, the catering at £286,000, and so on and so on. Reality Check contacted the company's owner, Hamish Shephard, to ask about the methodology used to arrive at the estimate. He said the £32m figure had been based on the assumption that the Royal Family had paid for everything at market rate. But in the absence of any official data, this is still guesswork - however well informed. For example, we don't know if suppliers would offer a substantial discount for the privilege of providing their services for a royal wedding. Who pays? The cost of security for the wedding will be met by the taxpayer. Initially, Thames Valley Police will have to absorb the cost itself. But the force will be eligible to apply for special grant funding from the Home Office after the event in order to claim back some of the costs. Special grant funding is a separate pool of money forces can apply for if they have to police events outside their usual remit. As for the rest of the total, the Royal Family has said it will be paying for the private elements of the wedding. Every year the Royal Family gets a chunk of money from the annual Sovereign Grant, paid directly by the Treasury. The grant is calculated on a percentage of the profits from the Crown Estate portfolio, which includes much of London's West End. This year it's worth £82m. Some members of the Royal Family benefit from additional income. For example, Prince Charles gets money from the Duchy of Cornwall estate, a portfolio of land, property and financial investments. But it's not clear which "pots" the palace will choose to fund the wedding from. Republic, which campaigns for an elected head of state, and claims the overall cost of the monarchy is far higher than £82m, has submitted a petition against taxpayers' money being spent on the wedding. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

কেক থেকে ফুল, এমনকি কুশন কভারও- কতো কিছু কেনাকাটা হয় বিয়েতে। যারাই বিয়ের অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করেছেন তারাই জানেন একটি বিয়েতে চোখ কপালে ওঠার মতোও খরচ হতে পারে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

She joins billionaires such as investor Warren Buffett and Microsoft founder Bill Gates in the Giving Pledge. The pledge was started by Mr Buffett and Mr Gates and calls for the richest to give away half or more of their wealth. Ms Bezos is estimated to be worth almost $37bn (£29bn). She and Mr Bezos divorced earlier this year. She acquired 4% of the company in the settlement. "In addition to whatever assets life has nurtured in me, I have a disproportionate amount of money to share," she said in a statement. "My approach to philanthropy will continue to be thoughtful. It will take time and effort and care." The Giving Pledge has been signed by 204 individuals, couples and families from 23 countries. Former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, CNN founder Ted Turner and entertainment executive Barry Diller were among the initial signatories in 2010. Pledges this year have come from hedge fund billionaire Paul Tudor Jones; Jeremy Grantham, who is co-founder of US investment firm GMO; and Emirati businessman Sheikh Mohammed bin Musallam bin Ham Al Ameri. Public promise The pledge is a public promise rather than a legal contract, according to its website, which says: "The goal is to talk about giving in an open way and create an atmosphere that can draw more people into philanthropy." Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan joined the list in 2015, saying they will give away 99% of their shares in the company to good causes. He said they were donating their fortune to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to make the world a better place for their daughter Max to grow up in. The shares, worth more than £60bn, will not be donated to the initiative immediately, but over the course of the couple's lives. Mr Bezos is not one of the signatories to the Giving Pledge. Last year, he put $2bn into a charitable fund he established to help the homeless and set up a new network of schools. The move attracted a backlash from some quarters as Mr Bezos has been accused of underpaying his staff. He is estimated by Bloomberg to be worth $114bn. Other top-10 billionaires who have not joined the pledge are Google co-founder Larry Page, Bernard Arnault, head of French luxury goods firm LVMH, and Mexican telecoms chief Carlos Slim. British pledgers include Lord Michael Ashcroft, Sir Richard Branson, Phones 4u founder John Caudwell, Stagecoach co-founder Ann Gloag, Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou, property developer Sir Tom Hunter, Lord David Sainsbury and oil businessman Sir Ian Wood.

অ্যামাজন প্রধান জেফ বেজোস-এর সাবেক স্ত্রী ম্যাকেঞ্জি বেজোস বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ থেকে যে ৩৭ বিলিয়ন ডলার বা ৩,৫০০ কোটি ডলারের সম্পদ পেয়েছেন, সেটির অর্ধেক তিনি দান করে দেবেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Theo Van Eijck's little house in Somerset is a treasure trove of curiosities. Toy witches swing on tiny broomsticks from the ceiling of his sitting room, a family of ceramic cats peers down inquiringly from the higher shelves and a couple of skulls sit grinning on the sideboard. But the most fascinating items of all are spread out on Van Eijck's coffee table - Dutch newspaper clippings from 1964, with show-stopping headlines reporting the antics of a young sailor who stole a Grumman Tracker propeller plane from his military base in Malta and flew it to Benghazi, Libya. "It's me!" laughs Van Eijck, now white-haired and aged 76. "That's me right there in the photo and I was just 21!" His wife hands me a mug of coffee and shakes her head in mock despair as he translates the stories for me. "Arrogant little man!" she jokes, wagging her finger at him. "Good job I didn't know you back then." Back then Theo Van Eijck was just a young man who dreamt of flying. In fact, he'd had fantasies about flying since he was seven years old. He wasn't, he admits, the greatest student in the world and feared he would never make the grades needed to join the Air Force as a pilot. But then he heard about a scheme in the Dutch Navy whereby a young man could enter the service as a trainee electrician, and if he did well could apply internally for the Navy's pilot training course. Aged just 19 and full of optimism, Van Eijck didn't hesitate. He signed up immediately for eight years. He picks up a black-and-white photograph of himself in the cockpit of a small plane from the coffee table and hands it to me. From under a heavy dark helmet, I see a boyish face grinning in utter delight, impatient to stop posing and eager to take off. "Oh, it started well," he agrees, when I remark upon how elated he looks in the old print. "I got selected for the pilot scheme and I loved it." But in early 1964, with around 40 hours' flying time stamped proudly into his log book, the exhilarated young Van Eijck went to a party at his barracks in Holland and got rather drunk. His commanding officer was at the party and also rather the worse for wear. He suggested to Van Eijck that they should talk frankly about the quality of the pilot training scheme (which was conducted jointly by the Belgian Air force and the Dutch Navy) and he invited Van Eijck to be honest. It was, he assured him, an off-the-record discussion. And so, perhaps naively, 21-year-old Van Eijck spoke openly. He needed to be trained on a proper plane he insisted, a Grumman Tracker submarine destroyer that would be deployed on naval aircraft carriers, not the twin-engine training planes the Belgians were using to teach them. The planes they were being taught on were (Theo grins self-consciously as he remembers the words he used) "quite frankly, crap". Find out more Up to that point, Van Eijck had maintained a perfect flying record but the very next day after the party he had his report card marked with an orange warning sign, which meant he was at imminent risk of being failed. Furious at the injustice, he wrote something cocky about the slowness of the training programme on the classroom blackboard, while waiting for the instructor to arrive. That move saw him jailed at his barracks for a weekend, but seeing a skirting board was loose he managed to use it to slide back the bolt across his cell door, and escaped. When his absence was discovered, he was immediately kicked out of the pilot's scheme. Van Eijck was encouraged to appeal against the decision by superiors who admired his gumption. But the officers inadvertently gave him the wrong forms to fill in. When he finally got a response, three months later, he was told he had not followed correct procedure and it was now too late to take further action. He was no longer to train as a pilot and must serve out his remaining six years in the Navy as an electrician. "I come from a big family," says Van Eijck who is number nine in a line of 12 brothers and sisters. "And in the family we knew that right was right and wrong was wrong. And this was wrong. It just wasn't fair." Depressed and despondent, with his dreams of flying now shattered, Van Eijck pleaded to be discharged from the Navy, but his request was repeatedly refused. So he started plotting to find a way to extract himself from the force once and for all. "I told absolutely no-one," he smiles coyly. "If I had told someone it would not have worked." Just like Sgt Paul Meyer, Theo van Eijck decided his ticket to freedom was to steal a plane. He found a handbook for a Grumman Tracker plane and hid it in his locker. While his friends went out drinking or headed to bed, Van Eijck secretly studied. He befriended the qualified pilots and chatted to them about instrument flying, about engine start-ups, about take-offs. "Little did they know why I was interested!" he sniggers. "But from Holland the route was difficult - I didn't want to end up in East Germany with all that political trouble. And then one day they asked for volunteers to go on a two-month exercise in Malta with the British Navy. And I thought, from Malta I could fly anywhere!" In Malta, Van Eijck hung around the aerodrome chatting to the aviation mechanics, watching them work. In the early mornings and evenings, he continued to study his now well-thumbed Tracker handbook. On the last weekend before he was due to fly home, he politely attended the farewell party on the base but while his fellow servicemen succumbed to the temptations of the freely flowing liquor, the young Van Eijck was careful to stay completely sober. "And that's where my story matches Sgt Paul Meyer's," he says. "Because the next morning, I got up early and I borrowed a bike and biked to the runway. Sgt Meyer told the guard his name was Capt Epstein. I told the one guard on duty I was called Jansen - which is like Smith in Dutch - so he had no idea who I was and he helped me open the doors of the hangar!" Van Eijck had planned his theft meticulously, he says, even locking up the guard's pistol and bike and removing the microphones from the telephone in his office, to ensure that if he was rumbled too soon, the guard would struggle to get back-up. Van Eijck's blue eyes twinkle as he remembers the thrill of that morning. "So I started the engine, switched the radio on and the control tower started asking who I was, what I was doing. I didn't answer. I taxied and then…" He rubs his hands together theatrically and shows me his open palms like a magician delighting in performing an elaborate disappearing trick. "And then…. I was gone." And so was the Dutch Navy's Grumman Tracker submarine destroyer aircraft, armed with two torpedoes and heading for North Africa. "I did worry a bit about the torpedoes," admits Van Eijck. "But I didn't care because I just wanted out of it. No way was the Navy going to get me back." Flying at 5,000 feet over the Mediterranean to conserve fuel, Van Eijck was completely alone in the sky. "I know how Sgt Meyer must have felt," he says. "Because it's what I felt. It was the best thing ever; you're doing something that everyone says can't be done and it's all you. All you in this big machine and you're more powerful than anyone else, all lonely in that big sky and..." He tails off suddenly and I realise he's crying. "No-one can take it away from you," he says, choking on his words. "It was marvellous, so powerful. I can still feel it now. And I was totally convinced I can do this." I remind Van Eijck that as Sgt Meyer sat in the cockpit, trying to work out where he was going and what he was doing, he called his wife on the radio to calm himself. I ask Van Eijck if he thought of his own family as he flew into the unknown. "My mother," he says quietly. "Yes, I thought of my mother. A week or so before, I had sent her a present. It was a silver cross. And she guessed I was up to something, my mother." Van Eijck is struggling now to master his tears and asks to pause for a moment so he can drink his coffee. The wind chimes suspended from the ceiling knock gently against one another in the breeze slipping in from the open window, filling our silence with a jangled, staccato music. The yellowed newspaper cuttings on the table flutter and curl. For five-and-a-half hours, 21-year-old Theo Van Eijck flew that plane, wondering where might be the safest place to attempt a landing. At Tripoli the British Army still had a presence and, nervous of trouble, he flew to Benghazi where he saw a landing strip with a few huts on either side. The strip was full of sheep, he says, and he had to circle low over it a few times to make sure the animals scattered and cleared the runway for him. His landing, he recalls proudly, was immaculate, and he took pleasure in the thought that this would be reported back to his commanding officers. "I thought, 'If I can land nicely those Navy guys must see I can fly!'" He picks up his flight log book from the table and shows me the scrawled entry in his own large hand from May 1964, where he defiantly recorded his illicit flight in the hijacked plane. On the opposite page someone has overruled the entry, writing firmly and in an indignant hand, "Not to be totalled!" Strangely, the first man who came running out of one of the huts next to the landing strip was a Dutch expat, who was stunned - and rather alarmed - to see a military plane land on his runway. Exhausted but still exhilarated, Van Eijck poured out his story. However, as he related his plans for the future - release from the Navy, a new civilian life, a good job - he noticed his fellow countryman frown, and began to realise that perhaps he hadn't thought his plan all the way through. The Dutchman warned him that he was in big trouble and that if returned to Europe, he would certainly go to jail. On his compatriot's advice, Van Eijck gave himself up to the Libyan police, whom he remembers roaring enthusiastically up the air strip on Harley Davidson motorbikes, delighted to be taking a Dutch hijacker into custody. Claiming (again on the advice of his countryman) to have fled Europe because he objected to its liberal views on homosexuality and women, Van Eijck was offered political asylum and protection. When the Dutch military came to reclaim its AWOL recruit - and of course, to get its stolen plane back - he sometimes refused to see them. When he talks now about those power games, giggling and grinning, it's clear that Van Eijck still relishes the fact that he managed to get one over on the very authorities who had cheated him of his dreams. After a week of negotiations with the Dutch ambassador, Van Eijck agreed to a deal. He would return to the Netherlands (a passenger rather than a pilot) and would serve a 12-month jail term in a state prison for desertion. In return he would receive an honourable discharge from the Navy. In some of the newspaper clippings on the table, Van Eijck is shown in his immaculate Navy uniform standing outside the court in the Netherlands, his white sailor's cap pulled down low over his forehead. At first glance he looks like the model sailor - respectable, neat and disciplined. But study his face closely and you will see just a hint of defiance in his eyes, perhaps the faintest traces of scorn across his lips. "I got what I wanted!" explains Van Eijck. "I wanted to get out of the bloody Navy and I got that. And I still don't regret what I did." Flick past the ignominious page in his flight log book and you will see it is crammed with the details of further flights made in his native Holland or in South Africa, where he lived for many years. This time though they are licensed, legitimate flights; when he left prison, Van Eijck qualified officially as a private pilot. "It was all I wanted," he shrugs. "I just wanted to fly." He brings me back to the story of Sgt Meyer and my investigations into what made him crash in the Channel. He is convinced that Meyer had a lot less experience than he did with instrument flying and rather than being shot down by pursuing British, American or French fighter jets, he is convinced he just made a simple pilot error. "You see, they sent three planes after me," he says. "But they went in the wrong direction so they didn't find me. But I spoke to the pilots afterwards and they were told only to try to make me talk to them on the radio and to follow them; they were never given instructions to shoot me down - and remember, I had two torpedoes on board." He picks up the helmeted photograph of himself in the cockpit, in the halcyon days before he was kicked out of the Dutch Navy's pilot training programme. "If you ask me now what I think about it, I think 'What the hell were you doing you bloody fool, how did you get such a stupid idea in your head?'" He smoothes back his white hair. "I still can't believe sometimes that I bloody did it!" The breeze strengthens and the wind chimes above our heads begin to spill their fractured music again. Theo Van Eijck grips my hand and looks at me with wild, dancing eyes. "But it was marvellous! My God it was marvellous!" You may also be interested in: In January 2018, Greek pilot Vasileios Vasileiou checked into a luxury hilltop hotel in Kabul. The Intercontinental was popular with foreign visitors - which is why, on 20 January, Taliban gunmen stormed it, killing at least 40 people. Vasileios explains how he survived. Read: 'The bed that saved me from the Taliban'

নববিবাহিত স্ত্রীর সাথে দেখা করতে ১৯৬৯ সালে ব্রিটিশ বিমানঘাঁটি থেকে বিমান চুরি করে পালাতে গিয়ে নিখোঁজ হন মার্কিন অফিসার সার্জেন্ট পল মেয়ের। তার উপরে গত দু'বছর অনুসন্ধান করছেন বিবিসি'র সাংবাদিক এমা জেন কিরবি।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Why is Kashmir controversial? Kashmir is a Himalayan region that both India and Pakistan say is fully theirs. The area was once a princely state called Jammu and Kashmir, but it joined India in 1947 soon after the sub-continent was divided up at the end of British rule. India and Pakistan subsequently went to war over it and each came to control different parts of the territory with a ceasefire line agreed. There has been violence in the Indian-administered side - the state of Jammu and Kashmir - for 30 years due to a separatist insurgency against Indian rule. What's happened now? In the first few days of August, there were signs of something afoot in Kashmir. Tens of thousands of additional Indian troops were deployed, a major Hindu pilgrimage was cancelled, schools and colleges were shut, tourists were ordered to leave, telephone and internet services were suspended and regional political leaders were placed under house arrest. But most of the speculation was that Article 35A of the Indian constitution, which gave some special privileges to the people of the state, would be scrapped. The government then stunned everyone by saying it was revoking nearly all of Article 370, which 35A is part of and which has been the basis of Kashmir's complex relationship with India for some 70 years. How significant is Article 370? The article allowed the state a certain amount of autonomy - its own constitution, a separate flag and freedom to make laws. Foreign affairs, defence and communications remained the preserve of the central government. As a result, Jammu and Kashmir could make its own rules relating to permanent residency, ownership of property and fundamental rights. It could also bar Indians from outside the state from purchasing property or settling there. The constitutional provision has underpinned India's often fraught relationship with Kashmir, the only Muslim-majority region to join India at partition. Why did the government do it? Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party had long opposed Article 370 and revoking it was in the party's 2019 election manifesto. They argued it needed to be scrapped to integrate Kashmir and put it on the same footing as the rest of India. After returning to power with a massive mandate in the April-May general elections, the government lost no time in acting on its pledge. Critics of Monday's move are linking it to the economic slowdown that India is currently facing - they say it provides a much-needed diversion for the government. Many Kashmiris believe that the BJP ultimately wants to change the demographic character of the Muslim-majority region by allowing non-Kashmiris to buy land there. Although Home Minister Amit Shah's announcement in parliament on Monday came as a surprise to most Indians, it would have taken the government some preparation to arrive at the decision. The move also fits in with Mr Modi's desire to show that the BJP is tough on Kashmir, and Pakistan. What's changed on the ground? Kashmir will no longer have a separate constitution but will have to abide by the Indian constitution much like any other state. All Indian laws will be automatically applicable to Kashmiris, and people from outside the state will be able to buy property there. The government says this will bring development to the region. "I want to tell the people of Jammu and Kashmir what damage Articles 370 and 35A did to the state," Mr Shah told parliament. "It's because of these sections that democracy was never fully implemented, corruption increased in the state, that no development could take place." The government is also moving to break up the state into two smaller, federally administered territories. One region will combine Muslim-majority Kashmir and Hindu-majority Jammu. The other is Buddhist-majority Ladakh, which is culturally and historically close to Tibet. P Chidambaram, a senior leader in the opposition Congress Party described the decision as a "catastrophic step" and warned in parliament that it could have serious consequences. "You may think you have scored a victory, but you are wrong and history will prove you to be wrong. Future generations will realise what a grave mistake this house is making today," he said. Is this all legal? According to the constitution, Article 370 could only be modified with the agreement of the "state government". But there hasn't been much of a state government in Jammu and Kashmir for over a year now. In June last year, India imposed federal rule after the government of the then chief minister, Mehbooba Mufti, was reduced to a minority. This meant the federal government only had to seek the consent of the governor who imposes its rule. The government says it is well within its rights to bring in the changes and that similar decisions have been taken by federal governments in the past. But expert opinion is sharply divided. One constitutional expert, Subhash Kashyap, told news agency ANI that the order was "constitutionally sound" and that "no legal and constitutional fault can be found in it". However another constitutional expert, AG Noorani, told BBC Hindi it was "an illegal decision, akin to committing fraud" that could be challenged in the Supreme Court. Opposition political parties could launch a legal challenge but Kashmir is an emotive issue with many Indians, and most parties would be wary of opposing the move lest they be branded anti-India. That could leave any challenge up to individuals or activists. Read more about Kashmir

ভারতের ক্ষমতাসীন দল বিজেপি'র নেতৃত্বাধীন সরকার জম্মু ও কাশ্মীরের বিশেষ মর্যাদা হরণের সিদ্ধান্তকে সাধুবাদ জানাচ্ছে - তারা বলছে এটি একটি 'ঐতিহাসিক ভুল'এর সংশোধন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The highly anticipated meeting between Mr Trump and North Korea's Kim Jong-un is due to take place on 12 June. But in an angry statement, North Korea's vice-foreign minister accused the US of making reckless statements and of harbouring sinister intentions. He pointed the finger squarely at US National Security Adviser John Bolton. "We do not hide our feeling of repugnance towards him," Kim Kye-gwan said. The White House has responded by saying it is still hopeful the meeting will go ahead. "The president is ready if the meeting takes place. If it doesn't, we'll continue the maximum pressure campaign that's been ongoing," said spokesperson Sarah Sanders. The groundbreaking agreement for Mr Kim and Mr Trump to meet came about as North Korea said it was committed to denuclearising the Korean peninsula. Exactly what that would entail has remained unclear, but North Korea has invited foreign media to witness the dismantling of its main nuclear test site later this month. Mr Bolton recently said North Korea could follow a "Libya model" of verifiable denuclearisation, but this alarms Pyongyang, which watched Libya's Colonel Gaddafi give up his nuclear programme only for him to be killed by Western-backed rebels a few years later. The BBC's Laura Bicker in Seoul says North Korea - which had long said its nuclear arsenal is essential for its survival as a state - is now making its demands clear. Why has the North changed its tune? Laura Bicker, BBC News, Seoul The whole reason it has spent years building up a nuclear arsenal, at such a great cost, is for survival. So to compare denuclearisation in North Korea with Libya or indeed Iraq as John Bolton did on Sunday is not going to offer much comfort. Both regimes collapsed. This is also a warning shot to the Trump administration. They will be aware how much Mr Trump wants this summit and how it is being spun as a success brought about by his maximum pressure strategy. There were signs this boasting irritated Pyongyang, but now it has decided to speak out through someone in a position of power. North Korea wants the world to know that it is coming to the negotiating table from a position of strength, and they may feel that they are making all the concessions. They've suspended all missile tests, released the three US detainees, Kim Jong-un met President Moon and the pair signed a declaration, and they're about to dismantle a nuclear test site in front of international media. So to hear the Trump administration claiming credit for a deal they don't like has been a step too far. These statements more than hint that North Korea is prepared to walk away from President Trump's summit in Singapore until it does hear a deal it does like. What else does the North's statement say? Mr Kim's statement, carried by state media, said that if the US "corners us and unilaterally demands we give up nuclear weapons we will no longer have an interest in talks" and "will have to reconsider" attending the 12 June summit in Singapore. He said North Korea did have "high hopes" but that it was "very unfortunate that the US is provoking us ahead of the summit by spitting out ludicrous statements". Kim Kye-gwan is known to be highly respected in the North Korean leadership and has taken part in negotiations with the US before. There is very little chance his comments were not personally endorsed by Kim Jong-un. Hours before the announcement, in a sign of growing problems, North Korea had also pulled out of a meeting scheduled with South Korea on Wednesday. because of anger over the start of US-South Korea joint military drills. North Korea had earlier said it would allow them to go ahead, but then called them "a provocative military ruckus" which was undermining its diplomatic efforts. The sudden change in tone from Pyongyang is said to have taken US officials by surprise. Analysts said North Korea could be trying to strengthen its hand before talks. The US state department said it was continuing to plan the Trump-Kim meeting, and Mr Trump is yet to comment. A Chinese government spokesman urged North Korea and the US to "meet each other halfway" ahead of negotiations. Why the personal attack on John Bolton? The hawkish conservative is a firm defender of US power and a confrontational advocate for wielding that strength abroad. He has previously said it would be "perfectly legitimate" to carry out a pre-emptive strike on North Korea. In media interviews over the weekend, he said North Korea could follow a Libyan model of nuclear disarmament - Libya gave up its weapons' programmes in the early 2000s and only then secured economic aid and normalised relations with the US. However during the 2011 uprising against Colonel Gaddafi's regime, Western powers intervened in Libya in favour of the rebels, and Gaddafi was captured and killed. North Korea has in the past suggested that Libya may have escaped Western military intervention had it kept its nuclear weapons programme. Kim Kye-gwan said in his statement that this was "not an expression of intention to address the issue through dialogue". "It is essentially a manifestation of awfully sinister moves to impose on our dignified state the destiny of Libya or Iraq which had been collapsed due to yielding the whole of their countries to big powers. "We do not hide our feeling of repugnance towards [Bolton]." Mr Kim also warns Mr Trump that if he "follows in the footsteps of his predecessors" - refusing to engage with North Korea unless it gives up its nuclear weapons - "he will be recorded as more tragic and unsuccessful president than his predecessors, far from his initial ambition to make unprecedented success".

উত্তর কোরিয়া বলেছে আমেরিকা যদি পারমাণবিক অস্ত্র নষ্ট করে ফেলার জন্য তাদের ওপর চাপ দেয় তাহলে তারা প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের সঙ্গে শীর্ষ বৈঠকে বসবে না।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The English-language clip, accusing India of committing "sins", features a Chinese actor in a Sikh turban, speaking in a mock Indian accent. Xinhua published the clip on Wednesday from a chat show discussing a border stand-off between the two countries. It has been met with both bewilderment and anger in India, and amongst Sikhs. What happens in the clip? Titled "7 Sins of India", the video stars female presenter, Dier Wang, who lists out China's grievances against India in the ongoing border dispute in the Doklam area, which borders China, India and Bhutan. It is the latest episode of an online series called The Spark, an English-language online chat show recently launched by Xinhua. Speaking in an amused yet indignant tone, she accuses India of "trampling international law" and "inventing various excuses to whitewash its illegal moves". Her monologue is interspersed with dialogue from an "Indian", depicted by a Chinese actor wearing a turban, sunglasses, and an obviously ill-fitting beard. In what appear to be attempts at humour, he waggles his head and speaks English in an exaggerated Indian accent, amid canned laughter. In another scene he points a pair of scissors at another actor who is supposed to represent Bhutan - a clear reference to the Chinese view that India is "bullying" the tiny Himalayan nation. The video appears to be solely targeted at a foreign audience. It is delivered entirely in English and appears on Xinhua's YouTube, Twitter and Facebook feeds - services which are banned in China. Chinese reports say the online chat show aims to "comment on hot domestic and international topics from China's perspective and with an international vision". Previous episodes have also focused on the stand-off and Sino-Indian relations, as well as relations with the US and President Donald Trump, but were more sober than this one. What has been the reaction? Indian news outlets have rounded on the video, slamming it as racist. The Hindustan Times said Xinhua released "a racist video parodying Indians" which "particularly targets the Sikh minority". News portal The Quint said it was "yet another attempt by Chinese media to push its aggressive rhetoric on the stand-off", while India Today accused Chinese media of going a "step further" in mocking India. The UK-based Sikh Press Association said it was "sad to see just how low Chinese media have stooped in using Sikh identity as a pawn in their state propaganda against India," pointing out that Sikhs make up less than 2% of India's population. The video also prompted criticism from social media users. But it has also generated some debate on the Doklam stand-off, with many on Facebook arguing about which country has sovereignty over the disputed territory. How did all this begin? The conflict began in mid-June when India opposed China's attempt to extend a border road through a plateau known as Doklam in India and Donglang in China. The plateau, which lies at a junction between China, the north-eastern Indian state of Sikkim and the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, is currently disputed between Beijing and Bhutan. India supports Bhutan's claim over it. India and China fought a war over the border in 1962, and disputes remain unresolved in several areas, causing tensions to rise from time to time. Each side has reinforced its troops and called on the other to back down. On Wednesday, Indian officials said another border confrontation had flared up, this time in the Western Himalayas.

চীনের সরকারি গণমাধ্যম ভারতের সঙ্গে তাদের সীমান্ত বিবাদকে কেন্দ্র করে এমন একটি ব্যঙ্গাত্মক প্রোপাগান্ডা ভিডিও প্রকাশ করেছে, যার বিরুদ্ধে বর্ণবাদেরও অভিযোগ উঠছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Shruti Menon & Upasana BhatBBC Reality Check As the two countries continue talks about disengagement, misleading content is being shared on social media about the stand-off. We've taken a look at some of it. Claim: Chinese soldiers being sent to the border are crying Verdict: Misleading video taken out of context This video shared by Twitter users was picked up in September by some Taiwanese media outlets, and then went viral in India, with users there mocking the Chinese soldiers for crying because - it's claimed - they were being sent to the border. It's been viewed more than 300,000 times, and even picked up by top media outlets in India like the Zee News TV channel. The recruits are on a minibus, singing a popular Mandarin-language military song about being homesick. The red-and-yellow sashes worn by the soldiers bear the slogan, "Join the military with honour." But there's no evidence we have found that they are being sent to the border with India. Chinese media outlets say the soldiers are new army recruits from Yingzhou district in Fuyang city, Anhui province, and were emotional after bidding farewell to family members. A local news outlet posted on the Chinese messaging app, WeChat, on 15 September, that the soldiers were on their way to a military barracks, and mentioned that five of them volunteered to serve in the Tibet region. But it made no mention of them being posted to the border or the recent tensions with India. And on 22 September, the Chinese-language edition of the state-run Global Times picked up the story. It accused the Taiwanese media of "lying" for linking the picture of the new recruits "tearfully bidding farewell to their parents" with the China-India border situation. Claim: A video shows Indian soldiers dancing to music from Chinese loudspeakers Verdict: Old video that pre-dates any mention of loudspeakers on the border On 16 September, there were reports in both the Indian and Chinese media of China's People's Liberation Army installing loudspeakers along the border and playing Punjabi music to "distract" Indian soldiers. Media reports had said the loudspeakers were put up by the Chinese army in an area under round-the-clock surveillance by Indian soldiers. Both the Indian and Chinese media picked up this story quoting army sources, but there were no images or videos shared in these reports and the Indian army has not confirmed this happened. Nevertheless, social media users from India have been sharing old videos of Indian soldiers dancing to Punjabi music, which we found pre-date any reports of loudspeakers along the border. In one viral video shared in September, five soldiers are seen dancing to a Punjabi music number. It's had more than 88,000 views and the user claims it shows the India-China border in Ladakh. However, a reverse-image search shows the video goes back to July this year. And although the exact location of the video is difficult to establish, news reports from the time suggest it was from the India-Pakistan border and not the India-China border as claimed. Claim: China has a huge speaker playing very loud music that has injured Indian soldiers Verdict: No evidence that this device is being used to play music on the border This is a variation on the previous claim about loudspeakers, with a Chinese Twitter user sharing a video of a large device which they say is used to blast extremely loud music at Indian encampments, making some Indian soldiers sick and injuring them. The video has been viewed more than 200,000 times and even featured on an Indian news channel with the same claim. The now viral clip is actually from a March 2016 YouTube video of a Chinese-made mobile warning siren, produced by a firm that makes emergency safety equipment. It shows a large, 4.6 tonne rotating siren used for situations such as natural disasters or other emergencies for the civilian population, according to the product description on the firm's website. It's not a loudspeaker for playing music, and it's not clear if this warning siren is even being used by the Chinese army on the border. In addition, there've been no confirmed reports of eardrum injuries to Indian soldiers in this area. Claim: A bus accident involving Indian security personnel is linked to border tensions Verdict: Misleading as the accident happened but not in the border area A Twitter user from China posted a video on 21 September, claiming India can't meet China halfway on border talks because "it has to save its troops from killing themselves". The video showed part of a submerged military bus in a river with soldiers standing nearby, and the text refers to what it calls the Indian army's "lethal suicide attempts in Ladakh". The video has been viewed nearly 5,000 times. It is a genuine video, but it is not from the India-China border. It's from the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh, where a bus full of Indian security personnel fell into a flooded river in Bijapur district in September. Indian media reported on this incident at the time, showing the overturned bus, and said there were no casualties. With additional research from BBC Monitoring

গত জুন মাসে ভারত এবং চীনের মধ্যে সীমান্তে এক সংঘর্ষে নিহত হয়েছিল অন্তত ২০জন ভারতীয় সেনা। তারপর থেকে দুই দেশের সীমান্তে চলছে তীব্র উত্তেজনা।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent The study by Imperial College London showed the "lab-on-a-chip" gave comparable results to current tests. The device is already being used in eight NHS hospitals to quickly identify patients who are carrying the virus. However, experts warn that the kit will not be a solution to the beleaguered Test and Trace programme. The device, developed by the company DnaNudge, can be used by anyone capable of taking a swab of the nose or throat. The swab is placed inside a disposable blue cartridge which contains the chemicals needed for the test. This in turn is slotted into a shoebox-sized machine to perform the analysis. The study, published in the Lancet Microbe, compared results when samples from 386 people were given both the DnaNudge and standard laboratory tests. "The performance was comparable, which is very reassuring when you're trying to bring in a new technology," said Prof Graham Cooke, from Imperial College London. "Many tests involve a trade-off between speed and accuracy, but this test manages to achieve both." If the lab tests said the patient was free of the virus, so did the rapid test. If the lab tests said the patient had the virus, the rapid test agreed 94% of the time. The UK has already ordered 5,000 of the Nudgebox machines and 5.8 million of the disposable cartridges. However, there is a major drawback as each box can handle only one test at a time. So during a day, one box could perform around 16 tests. Prof Cooke said: "They are useful in clinical settings when you are trying to make a rapid decision." He described a patient last week who was rapidly identified as having Covid and started on the drugs dexamethasone and remdesivir. The tests could become even more useful for hospitals in the future as it is theoretically possible to test for coronavirus, flu and respiratory syncytial virus (a major reason young children are admitted to hospital) at the same time. However, the capacity issue means the test cannot solve the problems with NHS Test and Trace or help with Operation Moonshot and the plans for 10 million tests per day. Testing 60,000 people at a stadium ahead of a football match would require 60,000 boxes, but it may be useful at smaller venues. Prof Lawrence Young, who was not part of the research and from the University of Warwick, said the technology was "innovative". He added: "The CovidNudge test could have an important role where near-patient, real-time decision-making is necessary, such as screening patients for admission to hospital or for surgery. "[However,] this is not the answer to universal mass testing. " Follow James on Twitter

বিজ্ঞানীরা বলছেন কোন বিশেষ ল্যাব ছাড়াই এই যন্ত্র দিয়ে দ্রুত পরীক্ষা করে করোনাভাইরাস সংক্রমণ নির্ভুলভাবে শনাক্ত করা যাবে মাত্র ৯০ মিনিটে। বিবিসির বিজ্ঞান ও স্বাস্থ্য বিষয়ক সংবাদদাতা জেমস গ্যালাহার এই যন্ত্র কীভাবে কাজ করে তা দেখেছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

'I almost ran out of breath' Footage shared on social media showed a large wave crashing into a tent in the resort, in which a popular Indonesian rock band, Seventeen, was performing. Members of the band were seen being swept away as the wave destroyed the stage. In a tearful Instagram video, singer Riefian Fajarsyah, said the band's bassist and road manager had died, and that three other band members and his own wife were missing. In another post, he shared a picture of him with his wife in Paris saying: "Today is your birthday... Hurry home." A crew member, Zack, said on Instagram that he survived by grabbing onto part of the stage, and "in the final seconds [underwater] I almost ran out of breath", Reuters reported. A statement from the group, reported by AP news agency, said: "The tide rose to the surface and dragged all the people on site. "Unfortunately, when the current receded our members are unable to save themselves while some did not find a place to hold on." 'I clung to a bench' Shop owner Rudi Herdiansyah, from Cinangka sub-district, Serang district, Banten province, said the beach was quiet on Saturday night, until he heard a "very loud noise from the sea". The wall of water smashed into his beachside shop and he was dragged away by the powerful wave. He recalled being knocked down three times. "Thank God. Allah saved me, I was able to get out from the debris," he said. He said he didn't hear any warnings, but he had once taken part in a tsunami drill. "It made me aware," he said. "I tried to get hold of anything to help me survive. I hid away, and clung onto a bench, to be safe." His warung (small shop) was devastated by the tsunami. Rudi said he and his family would evacuate to the homes of their relatives in Cipacung, Serang, until they knew the situation was no longer dangerous. 'I was afraid I would die' Azki Kurniawan, 16, said he was undergoing training with some 30 other students at Patra Comfort Hotel in the popular resort area of Carita Beach on Java when people suddenly burst into the lobby yelling: "Sea water rising!" He told AP news agency that he wasn't sure what was happening because he didn't feel an earthquake. He ran to the parking lot to try to reach his motorbike but it was already flooded by the time he got there. "Suddenly a 1m (3.3ft) wave hit me," he said. "I fell down, the water separated me from my bike. I was thrown into the fence of a building about 30m from the beach and held onto the fence as strong as I could, trying to resist the water, which feels like it would drag me back into the sea. I cried in fear. 'This is a tsunami?' I was afraid I would die." 'Residents ran to the forest' Asep Perangkat told AFP news agency that he was with his family on Carita beach on Java when the wave surged through the town, carving a path of destruction. "Cars were dragged about 10m (32ft) and so were containers," he said. "Buildings on the edge of the beach were destroyed, trees and electricity poles fell to the ground. All the residents that are safe ran to the forest." Alif, a resident in Pandeglang district on Java, told MetroTV that many residents were still searching for missing relatives. In Lampung province, on Sumatra, 23-year-old Lutfi Al Rasyid told AFP: "I could not start my motorbike so I left it and I ran... I just prayed and ran as far as I could." In the city of Bandar Lampung, hundreds of residents took refuge at the governor's office, AP news agency reports. 'There were two waves' Oystein Lund Andersen, Norwegian volcano photographer, Anyer Beach in West Java I was on the beach. I was alone, my family were sleeping in a room. I was trying to photograph the erupting Krakatau volcano. Earlier in the evening, there was quite heavy eruption activity. But just prior to the waves hitting the beach, there was no activity at all. It was just dark out there. And suddenly I saw this wave coming, and I had to run. There were two waves. The first wave wasn't that strong - I could run from it. I ran straight to the hotel, where my wife and my son were sleeping. And I woke them up... and I heard a bigger wave coming. I looked out of the window when the second wave hit. It was much bigger. The wave passed the hotel. Cars were pushed off the road. We and other people at the hotel went straight to the forest (on higher ground) next to the hotel. And we're still up on the hill now. - Oystein Lund Andersen was speaking to BBC World News television 'Everything has been destroyed' Rani has a beachside stall in Anyer on Java that was destroyed by the tsunami. "Everything has been destroyed and we don't have the money to rebuild," she said. This is usually a peak holiday season that they heavily rely on for income.

ইন্দোনেশিয়ার সুন্দা প্রণালীর উপকূলবর্তী শহরগুলোতে শনিবার আঘাত হানা সুনামিতে এখন পর্যন্ত মারা গেছে ২২০ জনের বেশি, আহত হয়েছেন ৮৪৩ জন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Unesco's World Heritage Committee has been meeting in Baku, Azerbaijan to decide which sites deserve special status and protection. The 43rd session meets until Wednesday 10 July, but here are some additions made to their list so far. Iceland's Vatnajökull National Park This volcanic region covers almost 14% of Iceland's overall territory. The park is packed with vast glaciers and other stunning natural features, including lava fields and unique fauna. French Austral Lands and Seas Described as an "oasis" in the middle of the Southern Ocean, the scattered islands have also been inscribed as an Unesco World Heritage Site. They support some of the highest concentrations of birds and marine mammals in the world, including King Penguins. Jaipur City in India The fortified Indian city of Jaipur, in north-west Rajasthan, is known as the "pink city". Many of its buildings date back to the city's founding in 1727 and are decorated with elaborate facades. Mounded Tombs of Ancient Japan These are 49 ancient tombs, dating back from the 3rd to the 6th Century, in Japan's Osaka prefecture. The mounds come in different shapes and sizes and include a large keyhole-shaped one named after Emperor Nintoku - the largest tomb in Japan. Babylon in Iraq After decades of lobbying, the ancient Mesopotamian city of Babylon has also made Unesco's list. The site had suffered due to Iraq's country's political instability, but has undergone recent restoration work. Bagan, Myanmar With thousands of Buddhist temples dotted across its picturesque landscape, the country's ancient capital is already a draw for tourists. Plain of Jars, Laos Megalithic jar sites in Xiengkhouang, central Laos, have also been recognised. Archaeologists believe the thousands of mysterious tubular-shaped stone jars date back to the Iron Age, when they were used in funeral practices. All images copyright.

প্রতি বছর বিশ্বের প্রাকৃতিক নিদর্শন ও নানা ধরনের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ স্থাপনাকে তার গুরুত্বের জন্য বিশেষ মর্যাদা দেয়া হয়।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The edition features Princess Hayfa Bint Abdullah Al Saud in the driving seat of a car. A ban on women driving in the country is due to be lifted on June 24. But almost a dozen women and their supporters who campaigned to end the ban have been arrested in recent weeks. The magazine has been labelled "tone deaf" by critics because several of these activists remain in custody. In a statement, Vogue Arabia editor-in-chief Manuel Arnaut defended the magazine's editorial decisions. He said the publication "highlights and discusses key issues related to womanhood in the Arab world" and said using Princess Hayfa "helped magnify" their message. "Informing and initiating healthy debates around meaningful topics are a priority for us, and we therefore decided to emphasise this with an iconic and powerful image that is completely fulfilling its purpose: bring focus to the region and to the role of women in Saudi society," Mr Arnaut said in a statement sent to the BBC. Some Saudi Twitter users complained that the princess did not deserve to be on the cover, especially with the headline "driving force". Some posted memes photoshopping activists in her place. But others welcomed the edition, saying the magazine had "made history" by featuring Princess Hayfa, and described her as an "inspiration". The BBC's Arab Affairs editor Sebastian Usher said the controversy was reminiscent of another involving Vogue in 2011 - when it ran a feature on Syrian first lady Asmaa Assad in its global edition, just as her husband began a violent repression of protestors. Saudi Arabia's King Salman announced in September 2017 that he would lift the ban on women driving after years of campaigning by activists. A press release for the edition says it was intended as a celebration of the cultural reform under way in Saudi Arabia. In the issue, Princess Hayfa says she supported the changes with "great enthusiasm". The edition also contains features and interviews with several other high-profile Saudi Women, including fashion designers, a footballer and a photographer.

সৌদি আরবে যখন নারী অধিকার কর্মীদের বিরুদ্ধে ব্যাপক দমন-নিপীড়ন চলছে, তখন এক সৌদি রাজকুমারীকে 'ভোগ' ম্যাগাজিনের প্রচ্ছদে নারী আন্দোলনের অগ্রপথিক হিসেবে উপস্থাপন করায় এর তীব্র সমালোচনা চলছিল।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

In an interview with CNBC, DJ Koh said Samsung's consumer research suggested there was demand for a foldable phone. Several phone-makers are rumoured to be developing devices with flexible screens that can be folded in half, without a hinge or seam in the middle. However, Samsung told the BBC it did not currently have "anything to share". DJ Koh told CNBC that the development process for foldable phones was "complicated" but added that the company had "nearly concluded" it. However, he said, a foldable phone would need a clear purpose before the company released one. "Even unfolded, what kind of benefit does that give compared to the tablet?" he said. "If the unfolded experience is the same as the tablet, why would [people] buy it? "Every device, every feature, every innovation should have a meaningful message to our end-customer." Samsung faces fierce competition from Chinese phone-maker Huawei. In July, Huawei became the second-biggest smartphone seller in the world, overtaking Apple.

স্যামসাং এর মোবাইল ফোন বিভাগের প্রধান জানিয়েছেন যে, ভাঁজ করা যায় এমন স্মার্ট ফোন তৈরি ও বাজারজাতের উপযুক্ত সময় এখন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Tessa WongBBC News, Singapore In recent weeks, many European nations have issued advisories to wear a mask in certain public settings, and in England the latest advice is to wear a face covering in "enclosed spaces where social distancing is not always possible", such as public transport and some shops. Several US states have also given similar advice, and even the White House now makes it compulsory for all staff to wear face masks - though President Donald Trump still refuses to wear one. Many people are still not wearing masks despite official advice though, and some governments remain unconvinced about the science. Why some people embrace masks while others shun them is not just about government directives and medical advice - it's also about culture and history, a debate over evidence, and even about personal liberties. The official word on face masks Since the start of the coronavirus outbreak, the official advice from the World Health Organization has been that only two types of people should wear masks: those who are sick and show symptoms, and those who are caring for people who are suspected to have the coronavirus. Nobody else needs to wear a mask, and experts have given several reasons for that. One is that a mask is not seen as reliable protection as other methods, given that current research shows the virus is spread by droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. So it could protect you, but only in certain situations such as when you're in close quarters with others where someone infected might sneeze or cough near your face. This is why experts say frequent hand washing with soap and water is far more effective. Removing a mask requires special attention to avoid hand contamination, and it could also breed a false sense of security where you end up ignoring or forgetting to practice good hygiene. Yet in some parts of Asia everyone wears a mask by default - it is seen as safer and more considerate. In mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan, the broad assumption is that anyone could be a carrier of the virus, even healthy people. So in the spirit of solidarity, you need to protect others from yourself. Some places take this idea very seriously: in some parts of China, you could be arrested or punished for not wearing a mask. In Singapore, which used to discourage citizens from wearing masks, it's now compulsory to wear one outside or risk a fine of S$300 (£170, $210). Meanwhile in Indonesia and the Philippines, where there are suspicions that there are many under-reported cases, most people in major cities wear masks to protect themselves from others. For many of these countries, mask-wearing was a cultural norm even before the coronavirus outbreak. They've even become fashion statements - at one point Hello Kitty face masks were all the rage in the street markets of Hong Kong. In East Asia, many people are used to wearing masks when they are sick or when it's hay fever season, because it's considered impolite to be sneezing or coughing openly. The 2003 Sars virus outbreak, which affected several countries in the region, also drove home the importance of wearing masks, particularly in Hong Kong, where many died as a result of the virus. So one key difference between these societies and Western ones, is that they have experienced contagion before - and the memories are still fresh and painful. In some parts of Asia, seasonal air pollution or heavy traffic pollution in crowded cities have also made it pretty normal for people to wear masks outside. The mask as a social nudge Some argue that ubiquitous mask wearing, as a very visual reminder of the dangers of the virus, could actually act as a "behavioural nudge" to you and others for overall better personal hygiene. "Putting on a mask every day before you go out is like a ritual, like putting on a uniform, and in ritual behaviour you feel you have to live up to what the uniform stands for, which is more hygienic behaviour like not touching your face or avoiding crowded places and social distancing," said Donald Low, a behavioural economist and professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Then, there's the idea that every little bit counts in the war the world is waging against the virus. "We can't say if face masks are ineffective, but we presume they have some effect because that's the protection we give to healthcare workers," said Benjamin Cowling, an epidemiologist with Hong Kong University. "If face masks are used on a lot of people in crowded areas, I think it would have some effect on public transmission, and at the moment we're looking for every small measure we can to reduce transmission - it adds up." But there are down sides of course. Some places such as Japan, Indonesia and Thailand have faced shortages, and South Korea has had to ration out surgical masks. There is the fear that people may end up re-using disposable masks, which is unhygienic, or use inferior masks sold on the black market. Japan and Singapore have since given out reusable masks to its citizens. People who do not wear masks in these places have also been stigmatised, to the point that they are shunned and blocked from shops and buildings. In Hong Kong, some tabloids have splashed pictures on their covers of Westerners not wearing masks and congregating in groups in the city's nightlife district, and criticised expatriates and tourists for not taking enough precautions. But the discrimination works both ways. In places where mask wearing is still not the norm despite government advisories, those who do wear masks have been shunned or even attacked. It hasn't helped that many of these mask wearers are Asians. In the US, it's become an issue of personal freedoms, with some arguing that making everyone wear face masks infringes on civil liberties. The city of Stillwater in Oklahoma was forced to soften a mask law to an advisory after threats of violence, while a Michigan security guard was killed after he barred a shopper who didn't have a mask from entering a store. But those societies that do advocate everyone wearing a mask may have a point and increasingly, experts are now questioning the official WHO advice. Undocumented cases Firstly, there is some emerging evidence that there are more "silent carriers", or healthy people with the virus who show little or no symptoms, than experts initially thought. In China, it is estimated that a third of all positive cases show no symptoms, according to classified Chinese government data seen by the South China Morning Post. On the Diamond Princess, the cruise ship that docked in Yokohama, about half of the more than 600 positive cases found onboard were found to have no symptoms. A similar proportion of asymptomatic cases has been reported in Iceland. The prevailing belief has been that because these people do not exhibit symptoms, they are not very contagious. But some are questioning this now. A recently published study of cases in China found that "undocumented cases of infection", or those with either mild or no symptoms, were significantly contagious and could have been responsible for nearly 80% of positive virus cases. Meanwhile a Hong Kong study estimates that up to 44% of virus transmission from an infected person can happen before that person starts showing any symptoms. So does that mean if everyone wore a mask, these silent carriers wouldn't turn into spreaders? The jury is still out on this issue, with various studies proving and disproving the effectiveness of a mask in stopping transmission of the coronavirus. This is why some places have so far held back from mask laws and advisories, such as New Zealand which successfully controlled its outbreak and is holding back on advising citizens to wear masks because of the lack of scientific consensus and clinical trials. Research is ongoing, and future studies will no doubt add nuance to the overall picture. The face mask may be a product of recent history, experience with contagion, and cultural norm. But as this pandemic evolves, along with evidence and research, our behaviour may change again. Additional reporting by Helier Cheung

আপনি যদি হংকং, সোল কিংবা টোকিওর রাস্তায় মুখে মাস্ক না পরে বাইরে বের হন, তাহলে লোকজন আপনার দিকে বাঁকা চোখে তাকাতে পারে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The "child protection law" will be drawn up later this year, according to the education minister, and will be a "symbolic act" in protecting Austrian culture from some Islamic influences. Austria's main Muslim group called the plan "absolutely counterproductive". It asserts that very few girls in kindergartens and primary schools in Austria wear a headscarf. It is not clear how many children might be affected, particularly as many Muslims believe their religion expects a girl to start wearing a headscarf from puberty. Chancellor Sebastian Kurz of the centre-right People's Party said to broadcaster ORF Radio: "Our goal is to confront any development of parallel societies in Austria." His conservative party won last year's election by taking a hard line on immigration, a hot topic after Austria took in the equivalent of almost 2% of its 8.7m population in asylum seekers during Europe's migrant crisis. Vice-Chancellor Heinz Christian Strache, of the right-wing coalition partner the Freedom Party, said in a Facebook post that the government wanted to protect little girls from political Islam. Mr Kurz, at a news conference with Mr Strache, said they believed there was a problem in schools, though they did not produce any figures to support this. The details of the proposed law still have to be worked out, though it is expected to affect girls up to around the age of 10. The previous coalition government of Social Democrats and Mr Kurz's conservatives passed a law banning face coverings including Muslim full-face veils in public spaces, but women and girls are free to wear regular hijab. Austria's official Muslim community has urged dialogue, saying that people should not pursue populist politics around children's heads. Last year, Austria's president Alexander Van der Bellen called on all women to wear headscarves in a sign of solidarity against what he called rampant Islamophobia in the country. A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.

১০ বছরের কম বয়সী মেয়েদের স্কুলে মাথায় স্কার্ফ পরার ওপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা জারি করার প্রস্তাব করেছে অস্ট্রিয়ার নতুন জোট সরকার।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The US fast food giant said the relationship was consensual, but Mr Easterbrook had "violated company policy" and shown "poor judgement". The British businessman, who earned nearly $16m (£12.3m) last year, is due to receive 26 weeks of pay. The full value of the deal was not clear. He is also eligible for a bonus, if the firm hits its performance goals. Bloomberg estimated that he will leave with more than $37m, the bulk of which includes previously granted shares. In exchange, Mr Easterbrook has agreed not to work for a competitor for at least two years. In an email to staff, Mr Easterbrook acknowledged the relationship and said it was a mistake. "Given the values of the company, I agree with the board that it is time for me to move on," he said. The company's top human resources officer has also left the company, McDonald's said. Mr Easterbrook, 52, who is divorced, first worked for McDonald's in 1993 as a manager in London before working his way up the company. He left in 2011 to become boss of Pizza Express and then Asian food chain Wagamama, before returning to McDonald's in 2013, eventually becoming its head in the UK and northern Europe. He was appointed chief executive of McDonald's in 2015. Mr Easterbrook is widely credited with revitalising the firm's menus and restaurants, by remodelling stores and using better ingredients. The value of its shares more than doubled during his tenure in the US. Under his leadership, McDonald's also expanded its delivery and mobile payment options to emphasise convenience. Relationship risks The fast food giant's board voted on Watford-born Mr Easterbrook's departure on Friday after a review. He has also stepped down as McDonald's president and member of the board. McDonald's said it has longstanding rules against conflicts of interest. It declined to provide further information about the person with whom Mr Easterbrook had the relationship, including whether the person was a direct report or remained employed by the company. Employment lawyer Ruby Dinsmore, of Slater and Gordon, said it is now common for firms to have either outright bans on relationships, or to have notification clauses requiring individuals to disclose them. Potential conflicts of interest or litigation if a relationship turns sour were becoming a real risk for companies, she told the BBC. "Some people may view this an an invasion of privacy," she said. "But businesses have their own interests to protect as well." In the era of MeToo "companies are very keen to be seem not only to have a policy for this type of situation, but also to be seen to be enforcing it at all levels," she said. The company has been criticised over the amount it pays shop staff, and Mr Easterbrook faced scrutiny for his $15.9m pay packet in 2018, which included a roughly $1.3m base salary, as well as benefits and bonus. It was 2,124 times the median employee salary of $7,473. He will be replaced by Chris Kempczinski, most recently president of McDonald's USA, with immediate effect. In a statement, Mr Kempczinski thanked Mr Easterbrook for his contributions, adding: "Steve brought me into McDonald's and he was a patient and helpful mentor." Last year Intel boss Brian Krzanich stepped down for having a consensual relationship with an Intel employee, which was against company rules. He had been in the post since May 2013.

অধস্তন এক কর্মচারীর সাথে প্রেমের সম্পর্কে জড়িয়ে পড়ার জন্য ফাস্ট ফুড জায়ান্ট ম্যাকডোনাল্ডস তাদের প্রধান নির্বাহী স্টিভ ইস্টারব্রুককে বরখাস্ত করেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Since 2013, Australia has sent asylum seekers arriving by boat to Nauru and Manus Island, Papua New Guinea (PNG). The policy has bipartisan support, but many asylum seekers had hoped that a change in government would help them. The government's re-election has led to heightened despair, refugees say. "The situation in Manus is out of control, today two more people attempted suicide," tweeted Behrouz Boochani, an Iranian-Kurd refugee and journalist on Manus Island. Another refugee, Abdul Aziz Adam, wrote: "We are calling for the [government] to do something for refugees & asylum seekers on Manus/ Nauru." The Labor opposition had promised to accept New Zealand's offer to resettle 150 refugees from the islands if they won government last Saturday. Currently, refugees in PNG and Nauru can either choose to resettle in those nations, apply for a limited number of places in the US, or return to their home country. What is known about the self-harm cases? There are differing reports about the number of cases. Manus Island police commander David Yapu told news agency AFP that he was aware of four suicide attempts over the weekend. Mr Boochani and other refugee groups told the BBC that at least 12 people had attempted self-harm in PNG since Saturday. Ian Rintoul, from the group Refugee Action Coalition, said at least five people had been taken to hospital. The Australian government did not directly address the reports, but said in a statement that "it takes seriously its role in supporting the governments of PNG and Nauru to ensure individuals in PNG and Nauru are provided with a range of health, welfare and support services arrangements". 'Pinned hopes on Labor' The election victory for Prime Minister Scott Morrison's government defied months of opinion polling which had pointed to a probable Labor win. "Rightly or wrongly, many of the refugees had really pinned their hopes on a Labor victory meaning a change to their situation," Elaine Pearson, the Australian director of Human Rights Watch, told the BBC. She said the result had exacerbated feelings of hopelessness on the islands, where more than 80% of asylum seekers are reported to suffer from mental health problems. At least 12 asylum seekers and refugees have died on the islands since 2013. The UN has criticised Australia's detention policies as "inhumane", but the nation insists they prevent human trafficking and save lives at sea. Last year, reports of a mental health crisis among children on Nauru prompted the government to evacuate families to Australia. In February, Labor and crossbench MPs secured enough votes to pass a law which makes it easier for sick refugees to get treatment in Australia. Mr Morrison argues the law encourages human trafficking. His government may attempt to repeal it when parliament resumes, according to local media.

অস্ট্রেলিয়াতে নির্বাচনের পর সে দেশে ঢুকতে না পারার হতাশাজনিত কারণে বেশ কয়েকজন আটক অভিবাসনকামী শরণার্থী আত্মহত্যার চেষ্টা করেছেন বলে জানাচ্ছেন মানবাধিকার কর্মীরা।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said she would move forward with impeachment if Mr Trump did not resign immediately. The charge of "incitement of insurrection" is set to be introduced by House Democrats on Monday. They accuse Mr Trump of encouraging a riot in Congress in which five people died. President-elect Joe Biden said impeachment was for Congress to decide, but said he had thought "for a long time President Trump was not fit to hold the job". The White House dismissed the impeachment as a "politically motivated" move that would "only serve to further divide our great country". Nearly 160 House of Representatives Democrats have signed on to the bill, which congressmen Ted Lieu of California and David Cicilline of Rhode Island began drafting while they were sheltering in place during Wednesday's chaos at the Capitol. If the process does go ahead, it would be the second time the House has pursued impeachment against President Trump. In December 2019, the lower chamber impeached Mr Trump on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. But the Senate acquitted him on both charges in February 2020. No US president has ever been impeached twice. However, the prospect of an impeachment conviction seems remote because of Mr Trump's Republican broad support in the Senate. One moderate Republican senator, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, told the Anchorage Daily News on Friday that Trump simply "needs to get out". And Republican Senator Ben Sasse of Nebraska, a regular critic of Trump, said he would "definitely consider" impeachment. But there is so far no indication that enough members of the president's party would agree to convict him. That means an impeachment in the House might only be a symbolic action to hold Mr Trump accountable for the invasion of Congress. An internal Senate memo says the soonest it could take up any articles of impeachment from the House would be on 19 January, the day before Mr Trump's term expires, and a trial could only begin after he had left office. Constitutional experts are split on whether impeachment can still proceed to a Senate trial in this event. If convicted, Mr Trump would lose benefits granted to former presidents, and senators could vote to bar him permanently from public office. The unprecedented move comes as an isolated Mr Trump holed up at the White House on Friday and his main means of communication with the outside world, Twitter, banned him from its platform. The siege of the Capitol has put senior politicians on edge, prompting the Democratic House Speaker Pelosi to talk to the nation's top military officer about ways to prevent Mr Trump from accessing nuclear codes. In a dramatic day in Washington DC on Friday, other developments included: What does the draft impeachment resolution say? The draft resolution, which has been shared with BBC partner CBS News, consists of one article: "incitement of insurrection". "Donald John Trump engaged in high Crimes and Misdemeanours by willfully inciting violence against the Government of the United States," the draft reads. In the resolution, the lawmakers accuse the president of making statements that encouraged and resulted in "imminent lawless action at the Capitol". The draft also says this was "consistent with his prior efforts to subvert and obstruct" the certification of President-elect Biden's win in November's presidential election. "He thereby betrayed his trust as President, to the manifest injury of the people of the United States," the draft says. The president urged his supporters to march on the Capitol on the day Mr Biden's electoral college victory was to be confirmed by Congress. He held a rally at which he repeatedly cast doubt on the legitimacy of the presidential election, alleging, without evidence, that it was "stolen" from him. "We're going to walk down to the Capitol and we're going to cheer on our brave senators and Congressmen and women," Mr Trump told the crowd, exhorting his supporters "to fight". Democrats and some Republicans have argued that these words amounted to incitement. What is impeachment? Impeachment allows Congress - the part of the US government that writes and brings in laws - to put presidents on trial. Articles of impeachment are charges brought against a president by the House of Representatives. If the House votes to pass them, proceedings move to the Senate, which decides whether or not to convict. It is a rare event and a political process, rather than a criminal one. Mr Trump was the third US president to have been impeached. The two others, Bill Clinton in 1999 and Andrew Johnson in 1868, were left in office by the Senate. President Richard Nixon resigned before he could be impeached. How did we get here? On Wednesday, with Washington still reeling from the Capitol riot, Democrats held a conference call in which they talked for three hours about the prospect of removing the president from office. CBS News reports that Democrats were overwhelmingly supportive of the effort, with just one, Oregon Representative Kurt Schrader, arguing that such a move would be too divisive for the country. Mrs Pelosi told her members that her preference would be to see Mr Trump removed by the 25th Amendment, which allows the vice-president to step up if the president is unable to perform his duties owing to a mental or physical illness. If that did not happen, impeachment would be on the table, she said. US media reports say Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin has been personally involved in discussions about invoking the 25th Amendment. However, such a course of action is said to be highly unlikely, and there is no sign that Vice-President Pence is prepared to use the amendment. On Friday, Mrs Pelosi called Mr Trump "unhinged" and said Congress must do everything possible to protect Americans while he is in office. In a later statement, Ms Pelosi said the House Democratic Caucus had a "sad, moving and patriotic" discussion about the possibility of impeachment.

মার্কিন কংগ্রেসে বুধবারের হামলায় ভূমিকা রাখার অভিযোগে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ডেমোক্র্যাট পার্টি প্রেসিডেন্ট ট্রাম্পের সংসদীয় বিচারের প্রক্রিয়া শুরু করছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The Nobel Peace Prize laureate responded to widespread claims that Myanmar (formerly Burma) committed atrocities against Muslim Rohingya. In her opening remarks, she called the case against Myanmar "incomplete and incorrect". She said troubles in Rakhine, where many Rohingya lived, go back centuries. Thousands of Rohingya were killed and more than 700,000 fled to neighbouring Bangladesh during an army crackdown in Buddhist-majority Myanmar in 2017. Myanmar has always insisted it was tackling an extremist threat in Rakhine state, and Ms Suu Kyi maintained that stance, describing the violence as an "internal armed conflict" triggered by Rohingya militant attacks on government security posts. Conceding that Myanmar's military might have used disproportionate force at times, she said that if soldiers had committed war crimes "they will be prosecuted". Ms Suu Kyi - once celebrated internationally as a champion of democracy - has been de facto leader of Myanmar since April 2016, before the alleged genocide began. She does not have control over the army, but has been accused by the UN investigator of "complicity" in the military clearances. Ms Suu Kyi has chosen to stand up for the same army that kept her under house arrest for years. She told the court her country was committed to the safe repatriation of people displaced from Rakhine, and urged the court to avoid any action that could aggravate the conflict. What was the reaction? At the Kutupalong refugee camp in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, refugees shouted "Liar, liar, shame!" as they watched Myanmar's leader make her case live on TV. "She is a liar. A great liar," said Abdur Rahim, 52, at a community centre in the camp. Outside the court in The Hague, a small group of pro-Rohingya demonstrators shouted: "Aung San Suu Kyi, shame on you!". But her supporters came too - about 250 pro-Myanmar protesters who held placards bearing her face and the words, "We stand with you." Pho phyu Thant - a Burmese national now living in Europe - was one of the organisers. "The world needs to be more patient with Aung San Sui Kyi," she told the BBC. "We support her and still believe in her. She is the only person who can bring about peace and prosperity in our country and resolve this very complicated situation." Defiance in the face of horrific testimony Analysis by Nick Beake, BBC Myanmar correspondent The weight of history looked to rest heavily as a nervous-looking Aung San Suu Kyi began her defence. She recalled previous acts of genocide and agreed it was the most heinous of crimes. But she then embarked on a carefully rehearsed argument that Myanmar had simply not joined the global list of shame. She admitted that, for example, military gunships had targeted civilians - but said Myanmar could be trusted to bring the perpetrators to justice. How could it be genocide, she asked, when a country was actively investigating such wrongdoing? Outside court, all this was applauded as a patriotic defence by supporters waving banners who had travelled from Myanmar. It was cheered back home by crowds who'd gathered in the main cities, including Yangon and Mandalay, to follow the hearing on big screens. There was, at one very brief point, a contrition I had not heard before. Without mentioning the Rohingya by name, she spoke specifically about the "suffering" of those who had fled to Bangladesh. But there was simply no acknowledgment of the three hours of truly horrific testimony of mass murder, rape and arson that the Nobel Peace Prize laureate listened to on Tuesday. Why is Myanmar in court now? The Gambia, a small Muslim-majority west African nation, brought the case to the ICJ on behalf of dozens of other Muslim countries. "All that The Gambia asks is that you tell Myanmar to stop these senseless killings, to stop these acts of barbarity that continue to shock our collective conscience, to stop this genocide of its own people," The Gambia's Attorney General and Justice Minister, Abubacarr M Tambadou, told the court. His country had acted after he visited a Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh and heard of killings, rape and torture, he told the BBC in October. What are the accusations? At the start of 2017, there were a million Rohingya in Myanmar, most living in Rakhine state. But Myanmar, a mainly Buddhist country, considers them illegal immigrants and denies them citizenship. The Rohingya have long complained of persecution, and in 2017 the military - the Tatmadaw - launched a massive military operation in Rakhine. According to The Gambia's submission to the ICJ, the clearances were "intended to destroy the Rohingya as a group, in whole or in part", via mass murder, rape and setting fire to their buildings "often with inhabitants locked inside". A UN fact-finding mission which investigated the allegations found such compelling evidence that it said the Burmese army must be investigated for genocide against Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine. In August, a report accused Myanmar soldiers of "routinely and systematically employing rape, gang rape and other violent and forced sexual acts against women, girls, boys, men and transgender people". In May, seven Myanmar soldiers jailed for killing 10 Rohingya men and boys were released early from prison. Myanmar says its military operations targeted Rohingya militants, and the military has previously cleared itself of wrongdoing. What is the likely outcome of this case? For now, The Gambia is just asking the court to impose "provisional measures" to protect the Rohingya in Myanmar and elsewhere from further threats or violence. These will be legally binding. To rule that Myanmar has committed genocide, the court will have to determine that the state acted "with intent to destroy in whole or in part" the Rohingya minority. Even then the ICJ has no way of enforcing the outcome - and neither Aung San Suu Kyi nor the generals would automatically be arrested and put on trial. But a guilty ruling could lead to sanctions, and would cause significant reputational and economic damage to Myanmar. What is the current situation for the Rohingya? Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have fled Myanmar since the military operations began. As of 30 September, there were 915,000 Rohingya refugees in camps in Bangladesh. Almost 80% arrived between August and December 2017, and in March this year, Bangladesh said it would accept no more. In August, Bangladesh set up a voluntary return scheme - but not a single Rohingya person chose to go. Bangladesh plans to relocate 100,000 refugees to Bhasan Char, a small island in the Bay of Bengal, but some 39 aid agencies and human rights groups have opposed the idea. In September, the BBC's Jonathan Head reported that police barracks, government buildings and refugee relocation camps had been built on the sites of former Rohingya villages in Myanmar.

মিয়ানমারের নেত্রী অং সান সু চি জাতিসংঘের আন্তর্জাতিক বিচার আদালতে তার দেশের বিরুদ্ধে আনা গণহত্যার অভিযোগ অস্বীকার করেছেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent, BBC News The link was suggested by a study, published in the British Medical Journal, that followed more than 100,000 people for five years. The team at Université Sorbonne Paris Cité speculate that the impact of blood sugar levels may be to blame. However, the research is far from definitive proof and experts have called for more research. What counts as a sugary drink? The researchers defined it as a drink with more than 5% sugar. That included fruit juice (even with no added sugar), soft drinks, sweetened milkshakes, energy drinks and tea or coffee with sugar stirred in. The team also looked at diet drinks using zero-calorie artificial sweeteners instead of sugar but found no link with cancer. How big is the cancer risk? The study concluded that drinking an extra 100ml of sugary drinks a day - about two cans a week - would increase the risk of developing cancer by 18%. For every 1,000 people in the study, there were 22 cancers. So, if they all drank an extra 100ml a day, it would result in four more cancers - taking the total to 26 per 1,000 per five years, according to the researchers. "However, this assumes that there is a genuine causal link between sugary drink intake and developing cancer and this still needs further research," said Dr Graham Wheeler, statistician University College London. Of the 2,193 cancers found during the study, 693 were breast cancers, 291 were prostate cancers and 166 were colorectal cancers. Is this definitive proof? No - the way the study was designed means it can spot patterns in the data but cannot explain them. So, it did show that the people who drank the most (about 185ml a day) had more cancer cases than those who drank the least (less than 30ml a day). And one possible explanation is that sugary drinks are increasing cancer risk. But, alternatively, people who drink the most sugary drinks could have other unhealthy behaviours (eating more salt and calories than then rest, for example) that raise their cancer risk and the sugary drinks themselves could be irrelevant. So, the study cannot say that sugary drinks cause cancer. "While this study doesn't offer a definitive causative answer about sugar and cancer, it does add to the overall picture of the importance of the current drive to reduce our sugar intake," said Dr Amelia Lake, from Teesside University. She added: "Reducing the amount of sugar in our diet is extremely important." Is this just about obesity? Obesity is a major cause of some cancers - and excessive consumption of sugary drinks would increase the odds of putting on weight. However, the study said it was not the whole story. "Obesity and weight gain caused by sugary-drink excessive consumption certainly played a role in the association but they did not explain the whole association," Dr Mathilde Touvier, one of the researchers, told BBC News. So what might be going on? The French researchers say the link "was strongly driven by sugar content" and they blame blood sugar levels. They also suggest some chemicals in the beverages, such as those that give an appealing colour, may be to blame. However, their study does not attempt to answer this question. "I find the biological plausibility of this difficult, given there was no significant difference between groups in relation to body weight or incidence of diabetes, which is often cited as an associated risk," Catherine Collins, an NHS dietitian, said. What do the researchers say? The team at Université Sorbonne Paris Cité say more large scale studies are needed to corroborate the findings. "Sugary drinks are known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, overweight, obesity and diabetes," said Dr Touvier. "But what we show is they are also associated, maybe, with cancer risk." They say their research is further evidence that taxing sugary drinks is a good idea. "These data support the relevance of existing nutritional recommendations to limit sugary drink consumption, including 100% fruit juice, as well as policy actions, such as taxation and marketing restrictions targeting sugary drinks," their report says. The UK introduced a sugar tax in 2018, with manufacturers having to pay a levy on high-sugar drinks they produce. What do drinks companies have to say? The British Soft Drinks Association said the study "does not provide evidence of cause, as the authors readily admit". Its director general, Gavin Partington, added: "Soft drinks are safe to consume as part of a balanced diet. "The soft drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in helping to tackle obesity, which is why we have led the way in calorie and sugar reduction." Follow James on Twitter.

ফরাসী বিজ্ঞানীরা বলছেন, ফলের রস ও ফিজি ড্রিঙ্কের মতো চিনিযুক্ত পানীয় খেলে ক্যান্সারের ঝুঁকি বেড়ে যেতে পারে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Paul RinconScience editor, BBC News website The ability to survive in such extreme environments had previously been associated only with our species - Homo sapiens. The ancient ancestor seems to have passed on a gene that helps modern people cope at high elevations. Details of the study are published in the journal Nature. The Denisovans were a mysterious human species living in Asia before modern humans like us expanded across the world tens of thousands of years ago. Until recently, the only fossils came from a few fragments of bone and teeth from a single site in Siberia - Denisova Cave. But DNA had shown that they were a distinct branch of the human family. Now, scientists have identified the first Denisovan fossil from another site. It's a mandible (lower jawbone) discovered in 1980 at Baishiya Karst Cave, 3,280m up on the Tibetan Plateau. A technique called uranium-series dating was used on carbonate deposits on the bone. This yielded a date of 160,000 years ago for the mandible. Co-author Jean Jacques Hublin, from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, said finding evidence of an ancient - or archaic - species of human living at such high elevations was a surprise. "When we deal with 'archaic hominins' - Neanderthals, Denisovans, early forms of Homo sapiens - it's clear that these hominins were limited in their capabilities to dwell in extreme environments. "If you look at the situation in Europe, we have a lot of Neanderthal sites and people have been studying these sites for a century-and-a-half now. "The highest sites we have are at 2,000m altitude. There are not many, and they are clearly sites where these Neanderthals used to go in summer, probably for special hunts. But otherwise, we don't have these types of sites." Of the Denisovans on the Tibetan Plateau, he said: "It's a plateau... and there are obviously enough resources for people to live there and not just come occasionally." While the researchers could not find any traces of DNA preserved in this fossil, they managed to extract proteins from one of the molars, which they then analysed applying something called ancient protein analysis. "Our protein analysis shows that the Xiahe mandible belonged to a hominin population that was closely related to the Denisovans from Denisova Cave," said co-author Frido Welker, from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. The discovery may explain why individuals studied at Denisova Cave had a gene variant known to protect against hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) at high altitudes. This had been a puzzle because the Siberian cave is located just 700m above sea level. Present-day Sherpas, Tibetans and neighbouring populations have the same gene variant, which was probably acquired when Homo sapiens mixed with the Denisovans thousands of years ago. In fact, the gene variant appears to have undergone positive natural selection (which can result in mutations reaching high frequencies in populations because they confer an advantage). "We can only speculate that living in this kind of environment, any mutation that was favourable to breathing an atmosphere impoverished in oxygen would be retained by natural selection," said Prof Hublin. "And it's a rather likely scenario to explain how this mutation made its way to present-day Tibetans." Follow Paul on Twitter.

তিব্বতের অত্যন্ত উঁচু স্থানে মানুষের আদিম একটি প্রজাতি 'ডেনিসোভান'দের বসবাসের প্রমাণ মিলেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The move comes just days after the two countries imposed tit-for-tat tariffs of $34bn on each other's goods. President Donald Trump had already threatened to impose additional tariffs against China if it retaliated. The list names more than 6,000 items including food products, minerals and consumer goods such as handbags. The public will have until the end of August to comment on the list before the new tariffs - to be imposed at 10% - come into effect. Asian stock markets fell sharply in early trading amid escalating trade tensions between the two economic giants. In China, Hong Kong's Hang Seng index dropped 2% while the Shanghai Composite fell 1.8%. Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 index shed 1.7%. The White House says the tariffs are a response to unfair trade practices by China. The US wants China to stop practices that allegedly encourage transfer of intellectual property - design and product ideas - to Chinese companies, such as requirements that foreign firms share ownership with local partners to access the Chinese market. US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer said there was "no justification" for China's retaliation. "As in the past, the United States is willing to engage in efforts that could lead to a resolution of our concerns about China's unfair trade practices and to China opening its market to US goods and services," he said. "In the meantime, we will remain vigilant in defending the ability of our workers and businesses to compete on a fair and reciprocal basis." 'Increasingly worried' Many companies in the US are opposed to the administration's use of tariffs against China, saying they risk hurting business and the economy without being likely to change behaviour. On top of the $34bn worth of tariffs that came into effect on Friday, the White House has said it would consult on tariffs on another $16bn of products. President Trump has suggested these could come into effect later this month. In total, the new import taxes President Trump is threatening to impose are almost equal to the value of China's entire goods exports to the US, worth more than $500bn last year. "It's a difficult situation for a number of our companies. They're getting increasingly worried about where this is all going," Ed Brzytwa, director of international trade for the American Chemistry Council, which represents chemical companies, told the BBC on Tuesday before the latest measures were announced. "They can't figure out what the end game is."

চীনের সাথে চলমান বাণিজ্য বিরোধের জের ধরে দেশটির প্রায় দুশো বিলিয়ন ডলারের পণ্যের ওপর শুল্ক আরও বাড়িয়েছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The Islamic State (IS) group said it was behind the attack. The blast happened on Saturday during a wedding ceremony at around 22:40 local time (18.10 GMT). President Ashraf Ghani has condemned the attack, describing it as "barbaric". He blamed the Taliban for "providing a platform to terrorists." The Taliban has denied involvement and condemned the attack. What happened? An IS statement said that one of its fighters blew himself up at a "large gathering" while others "detonated a parked explosives-laden vehicle" when emergency services arrived. The Afghan interior ministry confirmed the death toll hours later. Pictures on social media showed bodies strewn across the wedding hall amid overturned chairs and tables. Afghan weddings often include hundreds of guests who gather in large halls where the men are usually segregated from the women and children. The groom who gave his name as Mirwais told local TV: "My family, my bride are in shock, they cannot even speak. My bride keeps fainting. "I lost my brother, I lost my friends, I lost my relatives. I will never see happiness in my life again." "I can't go to the funerals, I feel very weak ... I know that this won't be the last suffering for Afghans, the suffering will continue," he said. The bride's father told local media that 14 members of his family were killed in the attack. Wedding guest Mohammad Farhag said he had been in the women's section when he heard a huge explosion in the men's area. "Everyone ran outside shouting and crying," he told AFP news agency. "For about 20 minutes the hall was full of smoke. Almost everyone in the men's section is either dead or wounded." A waiter at the hall, Sayed Agha Shah, said "everybody was running" after the blast. "Several of our waiters were killed or wounded," he added. Writing on Twitter, president Ashraf Ghani said he had called a security meeting to "review and prevent such security lapses." The explosion took place in the west of the city, mostly populated by Shia Muslims. Sunni Muslim militants, including the Taliban and the Islamic State group, have repeatedly targeted Shia Hazara minorities in Afghanistan and Pakistan. A Taliban spokesman said the group "strongly condemned" the attack. "There is no justification for such deliberate and brutal killings and targeting of women and children," Zabiullah Mujaheed said in a text message to the media. What's the background? The latest blast comes just 10 days after a huge bomb outside a Kabul police station killed at least 14 people and injured nearly 150. The Taliban said they carried out that attack. On Friday a brother of Taliban leader Hibatullah Akhundzada was killed by a bomb planted in a mosque near the Pakistani city of Quetta. No group has so far claimed that attack. A source in Afghan intelligence told the BBC that Hibatullah Akhundzada had been due to attend prayers at the mosque and was probably the intended target. Tensions in the country have been high even though the Taliban and the US, which has thousands of troops stationed in Afghanistan, are reportedly getting closer to announcing a peace deal. How are Afghan peace talks progressing? Taliban and US representatives have been holding peace talks in Qatar's capital, Doha, and both sides have reported progress. On Friday, US President Donald Trump tweeted that both sides were "looking to make a deal - if possible". The deal would include a phased US troop pullout in exchange for Taliban guarantees that Afghanistan will not be used by extremist groups to attack US targets. The Taliban would also begin negotiations with an Afghan delegation on a framework for peace including an eventual ceasefire. The militants have been refusing to negotiate with the Afghan government until a timetable for the US withdrawal is agreed upon. The Taliban now control more territory than at any point since they were forced from power in 2001.

আফগানিস্তানের রাজধানী কাবুলে একটি বিয়ের অনুষ্ঠানে আত্মঘাতী বোমা হামলায় অন্তত ৬৩ জন নিহত ও ১৮০ জন আহত হয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Sean CoughlanBBC News education and family correspondent The study, to be presented next month at the International Suicide Prevention Conference in New Zealand, has analysed figures for student suicides between 2007 and 2016. But the Office for National Statistics cautions that "year-to-year differences could reflect change in the population of students across time as opposed to change in the risk of suicide". There has been much concern about mental health worries on university campuses - but it has often been argued that suicide rates for students have been lower than the general population. But the Hong Kong-based researchers say there no longer seems to be this "protective effect against suicide". Male students have consistently had higher suicide rates, but the research says there has been a particular increase among female students. Dr Raymond Kwok, of the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, at Hong Kong University, said, "between 2012 and 2016, there is a significant trend in rising suicides for UK female students, with the exception of those in Scotland". Researchers say that between 2007 and 2016, student suicide rates increased by 56% - from 6.6 to 10.3 per 100,000 of the population. The 2016 figures showed 146 student suicides, the highest in records going back to 2001. Between 2001 and 2007, there had been a pattern of falling numbers, but since then numbers have tended to rise. These figures also do not specify the type of "student", whether at university or some other form of study. But the Office for National Statistics said that this data "cannot be used to ascertain the risk of suicide among students". The ONS says it is currently working on developing "a robust method for understanding the risk of suicide among certain kinds of students". Rise in mental health problems "Concerns about students' mental health have been increasing since the economic recession, but until now there has been no comprehensive analysis of UK student suicide data," said Edward Pinkney, who has tracked student suicide data and co-authored the analysis. "This is the first time we can conclusively say that as far as suicide is concerned, there is a real problem in higher education," he said. There have been warnings about anxiety and mental health worries among university students. A report published in autumn showed the numbers of students disclosing mental health problems had increased fivefold in a decade. The analysis - from the Institute of Public Policy Research - showed higher rates of problems among female students. Sir Anthony Seldon, vice-chancellor of the University of Buckingham and a campaigner on student well-being, said: "Student suicide rates and emotional distress levels could be reduced at university if we acted differently. "More support in transitions, better tutoring and early warning, more peer to peer support, an enhanced sense of belonging, would all enhance wellbeing and reduce risk. "We are obsessed by reactive policy once students hit the bottom of the waterfall; we need to be putting preventative policies in place to prevent them ever tipping over the edge," said Sir Anthony.

যুক্তরাজ্যের শিক্ষার্থীদের মধ্যে আত্মহত্যার হার সাধারণ জনসংখ্যার তুলনায় বেশি বলে দাবি করেছেন গবেষকরা।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Zhang Shuili, deputy director of the western theatre combat bureau, said the incident took place in "recent days". He did not give an exact location. He was quoted in Xinhua news agency as saying that India had "violated China's territorial sovereignty". The Indian army said the drone had been deployed on a training mission and developed a technical problem. Indian army spokesperson Colonel Aman Anand told reporters that they had lost control of the drone which then crossed into Chinese airspace. They alerted their Chinese counterparts soon after, he added. The two countries saw relations worsen this summer when they became locked in a dispute over a Himalayan plateau. In remarks carried widely by state media outlets, Mr Zhang said Chinese border forces had conducted "verifications" of the drone. He added that China expresses "our strong dissatisfaction and opposition regarding this matter" and that it would "steadfastly protect the country's rights and safety". Relations between the two countries soured in June when India said it opposed a Chinese attempt to extend a road on the Doklam/Donglang plateau, at the border of China, India and Bhutan. China and Bhutan have competing claims on the plateau, and India supports Bhutan's claim. After weeks of escalating tensions, including heated rhetoric from both sides, the stand-off ended in August when both countries pulled back their troops. The two nations fought a bitter war over the border in 1962, and disputes remain unresolved in several areas which cause tensions to rise periodically.

ভারতের একটি মনুষ্যবিহীন বিমান বা ড্রোন চীনের আকাশসীমায় ঢুকে ভূপাতিত হয়েছে বলে চীনের সংবাদ মাধ্যম বলছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The Sriwijaya Air disappeared from radars four minutes into its journey to Pontianak in West Kalimantan province. It is thought to have dropped more than 3,000m (10,000ft) in less than a minute, according to flight tracking website Flightradar24.com. Witnesses said they had seen and heard at least one explosion. Fisherman Solihin, who goes by one name, told the BBC Indonesian service he had witnessed a crash and his captain decided to return to land. "The plane fell like lightning into the sea and exploded in the water," he said. "It was pretty close to us, the shards of a kind of plywood almost hit my ship." A number of residents of an island near where the plane disappeared told the BBC they had found objects they thought were from the plane. Search and rescue efforts were suspended overnight but were due to resume on Sunday. The Indonesian navy was reportedly deployed to look for the aircraft on Saturday. Navy official Abdul Rasyid told Reuters news agency it had determined the plane's coordinates and ships had been deployed to the location. The aircraft is not a 737 Max, the Boeing model that was grounded from March 2019 until last December following two deadly crashes. Difficult questions Last contact with the plane, with the call sign SJY182, was made at 14:40 local time (07:40 GMT), according to the transport ministry. The usual flight time to Pontianak, in the west of the island of Borneo, is 90 minutes. It did not send a distress signal, according to the head of national search and rescue agency Air Marshal Bagus Puruhito. There were thought to be 50 passengers - including seven children and three babies - and 12 crew on board, though the plane has a capacity of 130. Everyone on board was Indonesian, officials say. Relatives of the passengers have been waiting anxiously at the airport in Pontianak, as well as at Jakarta's Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. "I have four family members on the flight - my wife and my three children," Yaman Zai told reporters through tears. "[My wife] sent me a picture of the baby today... How could my heart not be torn into pieces?" According to registration details, the plane is a 26-year-old Boeing 737-500. It was in good condition, Sriwijaya Air chief executive Jefferson Irwin Jauwena told reporters. Take-off had been delayed for 30 minutes due to heavy rain, he said. Sriwijaya Air, founded in 2003, is a local budget airline which flies to Indonesian and other South-East Asian destinations. The plane went missing about 20km (12 miles) north of the capital Jakarta, not far from where another flight crashed in October 2018. A total of 189 died when an Indonesian Lion Air flight plunged into the sea about 12 minutes after take-off from the city. That disaster was blamed on a series of failures in the plane's design, but also faults by the airline and the pilots. It was one of two crashes that led regulators to pull the Boeing 737 Max from service. The model resumed passenger flights in December after a systems overhaul. The BBC's Jerome Wirawan in Jakarta says the latest events will bring up difficult questions and emotions in Indonesia, whose airline industry has faced intense scrutiny since the Lion Air crash. Old aircraft, but many still flying The aircraft which appears to have been lost off Indonesia was a Boeing 737, but it should not be confused with the much more modern 737 Max - which was grounded following two tragic accidents in 2018 and 2019, including one off the coast of Indonesia. The Sriwijaya Air flight appears to have been carried out by a Boeing 737-500. This plane formed part of the 737 Classic series, the second generation of 737, which was built during the 1980s and 1990s. The plane, seen as a workhorse aircraft for many years, has a strong safety record. The Sriwijaya Air 737 was 26 years old. While airlines do tend to prefer to fly newer aircraft - because they have lower running costs - it is not uncommon to find planes of this age still in service. Indonesia, though, has a relatively poor record on aviation safety. For more than a decade carriers from the region were banned from flying into the EU. Until recently, the perception had been that standards were improving, and in 2018 all Indonesian airlines were removed from the EU's blacklist. That, however, was before the loss of a Lion Air 737 Max in October 2018. Although the design of the aircraft is widely believed to have been the main cause of the accident, investigators also highlighted issues such as poor maintenance procedures and inadequate flying skills as contributory factors.

ইন্দোনেশিয়ার কর্তৃপক্ষ বলছে, ৬২ জন যাত্রীসহ একটি বোয়িং ৭৩৭ বিমান জাকার্তা থেকে আকাশে ওড়ার একটু পরেই বিধ্বস্ত হয়েছে বলে মনে করা হচ্ছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Jeremy BowenBBC Middle East editor The details have not been published yet, but the assumption is that China, in defiance of American sanctions, will buy Iranian oil. It will, in turn, invest some of its wealth in Iran. Sanctions have starved Iran of foreign investment. It is the latest extension to China's vast infrastructure project, the Belt and Road initiative, which is creating the connections Beijing needs to continue its expansion as a global power. Some Iranians were suspicious of China's motives when a draft of the co-operation agreement was leaked last year. Belt and Road deals are intended to benefit China most of all. Some that looked attractive have turned sour when smaller, poorer countries (and most countries are smaller and poorer than China) found they were in out of their depth. Iran - smaller than China, but still a big country with huge natural resources and an activist foreign policy - is a different proposition. The new deal will feed into Iran's face-off with the United States. Both Iran and the Biden administration in Washington have declared that they would like the US to rejoin the agreement regulating Iran's nuclear activities, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Former President Donald Trump pulled the US out of the deal in 2018 and tried unsuccessfully to destroy it, claiming that far from stopping Iran getting a nuclear weapon it made the process much easier. Both the Iranians and the Americans have been staring each other out, unprepared to be the one that blinks first in the negotiation. Now that Iran has signed a strategic accord with China, which is also a party to the JCPOA, it will be hoping for more than simply increased oil sales, vital as they are to an economy that has been badly damaged by sanctions. The deal should give Iran more leverage with the US. President Biden, like his two predecessors, has tried to "pivot" away from the Middle East to the lucrative and strategically important Asia-Pacific region. In practice, it has been impossible, as there is too much in the Middle East that the US considers vital to its interests. One of those agenda items is Iran, and the nuclear ambitions that it claims not to have. While the US has not performed its longed-for pivot and pulled back, it has not pushed forward either. Its reluctance to dig any deeper holes for itself in the Middle East has opened up opportunities for its rivals. Russia saw space to revive the Soviet Union's old role by intervening in Syria. China believes that the US is in a long-term, irreversible decline. It sees itself as the world's rising power of the 21st Century and beyond. A power of that magnitude cannot ignore the Middle East. Strategic co-operation in the Gulf might have more significance for China's long-term ambitions than any short-term benefit banked by Iran. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi's Middle East tour was not confined to Tehran for the signing ceremony. China Daily, an organ of the Chinese Communist Party, reports that he unveiled a five-point plan "for achieving security and stability in the Middle East by offering constructive boosts to Palestine-Israel dialogue, resuming the Iran nuclear deal and building a security framework in this region". That is the kind of thing that Western diplomats say too. But the US has seen the Middle East as its preserve since the end of the Cold War. It has resisted allowing its allies in the European Union much of a role beyond signing cheques. The Chinese People's Liberation Army has already built its first overseas military base on the Red Sea, in Djibouti. It overlooks one of the world's busiest shipping lanes and is only 10km (six miles) away from the home of the US military's Africa Command. Could Beijing be planning something similar on Iran's Gulf coast, giving it a naval foothold in what the US Navy has regarded as its own lake? Joe Biden and his administration might find a way back into the JCPOA. They judge it is in their best interests. They will be much more uneasy about signs that China, as its rise gathers pace, is jostling its way into the world's most unstable region.

চীন এবং ইরান গত সপ্তাহান্তেই একটি চুক্তিতে সই করেছে। দেশ দুটির পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রীরা বলছেন যে, এই চুক্তিটির মাধ্যমে আগামী ২৫ বছর দুদেশের মধ্যে কৌশলগত অংশীদারিত্ব বজায় থাকবে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

In his first speech since Democrat Joe Biden became president, he also hinted that he might run for office again in 2024. Mr Trump strongly criticised his successor, saying US policy had gone from "America first to America last". The speech comes weeks after Mr Trump was acquitted in an impeachment trial. The Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) is the country's largest meeting of conservative activists and politicians, and usually gives insight into the direction of the Republican Party. Mr Trump's appearance at the meeting on Sunday suggests he has continued influence over the party despite some senior politicians distancing themselves recently from the ex-president. The mood of the conference in Orlando - which began on Thursday - has been extremely pro-Trump, with loyalists including Texas Senator Ted Cruz and his son Donald Trump Jr among the speakers. The former president remains banned from social media platforms, including Facebook and Twitter, over his response to January's deadly riot at the US Capitol. He has been living at his Mar-a-Lago Florida golf resort since leaving the White House in January. What did Donald Trump say? The 74-year-old former president was cheered by supporters when he appeared on stage at the Hyatt Regency Hotel more than an hour late. Many people in the crowd were not wearing masks. "I stand before you today to declare that the incredible journey we began together four years ago is far from over," he said. "We are gathered this afternoon to talk about the future - the future of our movement, the future of our party, and the future of our beloved country." He dismissed any idea that he might start a new political party - describing rumours he would do so as "fake news". "Wouldn't that be brilliant? Let's start a new party so we can divide our vote and never win," he joked. "We have the Republican Party. It's going to unite and be stronger than ever before." Despite losing November's presidential election and being deeply criticised over the January riot, reports suggest Mr Trump remains extremely popular among his voting base. Last week one US poll suggested 46% of surveyed Trump voters would vote for him if he left the Republicans and started his own party. In his CPAC speech, Mr Trump repeated his false claims that he lost November's election to the Democrats because of electoral fraud and he hinted at another run in 2024, saying: "Actually you know they just lost the White House. But who knows - who knows? I may even decide to beat them for a third time, OK?" He excoriated the new administration, criticising Mr Biden for reversing his hard line on immigration and border security. "We all knew that the Biden administration was going to be bad but none of us even imagined how just how bad they would be and how far left they would go," he told the cheering crowd. Trump grasps for new lines in Biden era Donald Trump is back. After a month out of the public eye, the former president picked CPAC's friendly confines to launch his bid for political revival. Judging from the crowd here, not much reviving - at least among conservative activists - will be necessary. Their support for Trump - through electoral defeat, through the January mob attack on the US Capitol, through all of it - never flagged. So when Trump made his bid for continued leadership of the party - as a king-maker and, perhaps, its standard-bearer in 2024 - the crowd gave its full-throated approval. For the ex-president's potential successors in the party, however, there was a glimmer of opportunity on Sunday. Trump's speech was lacklustre by his standards. His self-imposed exile may have taken a toll - leaving him grasping for lines that work in the Joe Biden era. And while approval of Trump's policies was sky-high in a straw poll of CPAC attendees, only just over half said they would vote for him if he ran in 2024. It's a daunting advantage, but perhaps not prohibitive. Trump's continued influence within the party seems secure, but translating that influence into another presidential nomination - if he wants it - is no sure thing. He'll have to earn it. Republican lawmakers remained largely loyal to Mr Trump during his time in office but 10 voted to impeach him in the House of Representatives last month and seven voted to convict him in the subsequent Senate trial. The overall tally, 57-43 in favour of his guilt, fell short of the two-thirds margin needed to convict him. Senator Mitch McConnell, the top Republican in Congress, criticised the former president's actions after his acquittal - declaring Mr Trump "practically and morally responsible" for provoking the riot, despite personally voting against his guilt on the incitement charge. Mr Trump then broke his relative silence to launch a scathing personal attack on Mr McConnell whom he described as "a dour, sullen, and unsmiling political hack". The schism in the party has remained since, with those who have broken rank against him notably absent from the CPAC stage. Republican Senator Bill Cassidy told CNN that the event was unrepresentative of the party. "If we idolise one person, we will lose," he said shortly before Mr Trump's speech. "That's kind of clear from the last election." But Trump loyalists were quick to praise the former president following his remarks. His son Donald Trump Jr branded the event "T-PAC", while the gathered crowd chanted Mr Trump's name.

ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন নতুন একটি রাজনৈতিক দল গঠনের ব্যাপারে তার কোনো পরিকল্পনা নেই কারণ সেরকম কিছু হলে রিপাবলিকান ভোট ভাগ হয়ে যাবে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The new law entitles non-Muslim migrants from three Muslim-majority countries to citizenship if they are facing religious persecution. On Saturday, protesters blocked motorways and attacked trains and stations in West Bengal's capital. A curfew was also imposed in Guwahati, in the north-eastern state Assam, after two people died in clashes this week. The curfew was lifted from 09:00 local time (03:30 GMT) until 16:00 on Saturday. Protest groups in Guwahati have said they plan to defy the curfew on Saturday evening. The UK, US and Canada have issued travel warnings for people visiting India's north-east, telling their citizens to "exercise caution" if travelling to the region. Demonstrations have been breaking out across India. On Friday, hundreds of mostly student protesters clashed with riot police in New Delhi. Officers used tear gas on the protesters and detained more than 40 students, the BBC's Priyanka Dubey reports - adding that there was a palpable sense of anger on the streets of the capital. Other, smaller rallies were also held in the southern states of Kerala and Karnataka. Mamata Banerjee, West Bengal's chief minister, opposes the law and has said she will not implement it. She has also called for more rallies to be held next week. The chief ministers of Punjab, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have also said they will not implement the law. What is the new law and why is it controversial? The Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB), which was approved this week, applies to non-Muslims from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who have been persecuted for their faith. As well as Hindus, this includes Christians, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains and Parsis. If people from these groups enter India illegally and can prove that they originate from one of the three eligible countries, they can become Indian citizens. Muslim rights groups across the country and an opposition political party argue the bill is part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's "Hindutva", or Hindu nationalism, and part of an agenda to marginalise Muslims. Mr Modi denies this, saying that Muslims are not covered by the new law because they are not religious minorities, and therefore do not need India's protection. Critics argue that if the law were genuinely aimed at protecting minorities, it would include Muslim religious minorities who have faced persecution in their own countries - Ahmadis in Pakistan, for example. They also say the bill violates secular principles enshrined in the constitution, which prohibits religious discrimination against all citizens. There is also an anti-migrant element to some of the protests. The BBC's India correspondent, Soutik Biswas, says that the protests in Assam in particular have little to do with the law being seen as exclusionary or as a threat to secularism, and "more to do with indigenous fears about being demographically and culturally swamped by 'outsiders'". Prime Minister Modi has sought to reassure people in Assam, telling them they have "nothing to worry" about. "The central government and I are totally committed to constitutionally safeguard the political, linguistic, cultural and land rights of the Assamese people," he tweeted on Thursday. But it is unlikely residents would have been able to read the message, because internet and mobile services in the area were shut down. Has the bill been legally challenged? The Indian Union Muslim League, a political party, has petitioned the country's top court to declare the bill illegal. In their petition to the Supreme Court, the Indian Union Muslim League argued that the bill violated articles of equality, fundamental rights and the right to life. More than 700 eminent Indian personalities, including jurists, lawyers, academics and actors, have signed a statement "categorically" condemning the bill. Investigative journalist Rana Ayyub told the BBC that it was sending out the wrong message. "Clearly you are catering to your Hindu base by telling them that this country is only for Hindus," she said. "The world's biggest democracy had a big heart when it could accommodate people. Right now we are coming across to the world as petty vindictive civilisation. That's not what India stood for."

ভারতে বিতর্কিত নাগরিকত্ব আইনের প্রতিবাদে পশ্চিমবঙ্গ রাজ্যের নানা জায়গায় দ্বিতীয় দিনের মতো সহিংস বিক্ষোভ হয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

In an unprecedented personal statement, Mr Kim said Mr Trump would "pay dearly" for a UN speech where he threatened to "totally destroy" the North if the US was forced to defend itself. Mr Trump responded that the "madman... will be tested like never before". The two countries have engaged in ever more heated rhetoric in recent months. Mr Kim ended his statement by saying he would "surely and definitely tame the mentally deranged US dotard with fire". China responded to the war of words, warning that the situation was "complicated and sensitive". "All relevant parties should exercise restraint instead of provoking each other," said Foreign Minister spokesman Lu Kang. Russia also urged restraint, with Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov describing the rhetoric between the two leaders as a "kindergarten fight between children". "We have to calm down the hot heads," he told reporters at the UN on Friday. North Korea has been testing missiles at an unprecedented rate, and conducted its sixth nuclear test despite international condemnation. North Korean Foreign Minister Ri Yong-ho, who had earlier compared Mr Trump's speech to "the sound of a barking dog" has warned that Pyongyang could test a hydrogen bomb in the Pacific Ocean in response to the US president's threat. "It could be the most powerful detonation of an H-bomb in the Pacific," Mr Ri said, quoted by South Korea's Yonhap news agency. However, he added: "We have no idea about what actions could be taken as it will be ordered by leader Kim Jong-un." Analysis: A test with immense risks By North Korea analyst Ankit Panda The prospect of a hydrogen bomb being tested in the Pacific raises a terrifying spectre - one that North Korea-watchers have mulled for some time, but which did not seem realistic until this year. Kim Jong-un could conduct an atmospheric nuclear detonation in the Pacific Ocean. This could mean mounting the nuclear device he showed the world before his 3 September nuclear test and firing it over Japan into the Pacific Ocean, demonstrating a credible thermonuclear capability. Presumably, witnessing this feat would "tame" Trump into accepting the "equilibrium" that North Korea alluded to earlier this week - a state of stable nuclear deterrence. Given the inadequacy of existing US and Japanese ballistic missile defence systems, it is far from a sure thing that such a test could be intercepted. The risks are immense. Civil aviators and mariners in the target area may perish, given that North Korea does not offer international warning of its missile launch plans - unlike other states that routinely test ballistic missiles. The environmental damage and fallout could be catastrophic. Moreover, should the missile fail over Japan - or prematurely detonate - the consequences would effectively guarantee a nuclear war in retaliation. What would a nuclear test in the Pacific mean? Mr Kim said in an English statement carried by state news agency KCNA that Mr Trump's remarks "have convinced me, rather than frightening or stopping me, that the path I chose is correct and that it is the one I have to follow to the last". He said "now that Trump has denied the existence of and insulted me and my country in front of the eyes of the world and made the most ferocious declaration of a war in history", North Korea would consider the "highest level of hard-line countermeasure" to make Mr Trump "pay dearly for his speech". Experts say this is the first time a North Korean leader has made a direct address to an international audience. The statement came shortly after the country's delegation arrived in New York for the UN General Assembly. Analysts say that for this reason it merits serious and thorough consideration. Hours later, Mr Trump responded in a tweet: "Kim Jong Un of North Korea, who is obviously a madman who doesn't mind starving or killing his people, will be tested like never before!" In an interview with news network ABC on Friday, US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson took a more measured approach. "We are quite challenged but our diplomatic efforts continue unabated," he said, adding that the "strongest economic sanctions ever" placed against the country were still being tested. Earlier, Mr Kim's comments had prompted swift criticism from the Japanese government. Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said in a news conference on Friday: "North Korea's remarks and behaviour are provocative to regional and international security, and they are absolutely unacceptable." North Korea has fired two ballistic missiles over Japan in the past month, raising regional tensions even further. Mr Trump on Thursday signed a new order boosting sanctions against North Korea, where the US treasury would target firms and financial institutions doing business with Pyongyang. He said: "For much too long North Korea has been allowed to abuse the international financial system to facilitate funding for its nuclear weapons and missile programs." The UN Security Council had approved new rounds of sanctions earlier this month aimed at starving North Korea of fuel and income, which were in response to Pyongyang's much-condemned sixth nuclear test on 3 September.

উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং উন বলেছেন 'উন্মাদ' মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের কারণেই তিনি বুঝেছেন যে, তার দেশের জন্য পরমাণু অস্ত্র উন্নয়ন প্রকল্পের কাজ বন্ধ না করে তিনি সঠিক সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Carlo Alberto Capella was taken into custody after an investigation. Monsignor Capella was recalled from the US in September 2017 after US authorities told the Vatican about a possible violation of child pornography laws by one of its diplomats. He was ordained in 1993 and joined the Vatican's diplomatic corps in 2004. The arrest could draw fresh attention to Pope Francis's efforts to snuff out child abuse in the Catholic Church. He has pledged zero tolerance but critics say he has not done enough to hold to account bishops who allegedly covered up abuse. Monsignor Capella's career took him to India and Hong Kong before his brief stint in the US, which lasted less than a year. After US authorities contacted the Vatican about the diplomat, he was moved home. The Vatican said it would investigate the case. A state department official told the Washington Post that the US government had asked for Monsignor Capella's diplomatic immunity be waived so he could be prosecuted in the US, but the request was refused. After Monsignor Capella was recalled from the US, police in Canada issued a warrant for his arrest on suspicion of possessing and distributing child pornography online. Pope Benedict XVI had made Mr Capella a Monsignor in 2008, granting him the rank "Chaplain of his Holiness".

ভ্যাটিকানের পুলিশ শিশু পর্নোগ্রাফির অভিযোগে একজন ধর্মযাজককে গ্রেফতার করেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

A top diplomat in the UK, Chen Wen told the BBC the demands were politically motivated and would divert China's attention from fighting the pandemic. Information about the origin of Covid-19 and how it initially spread could help countries tackle the disease. The virus is thought to have emerged at a wildlife market in the city of Wuhan late last year. Meanwhile an EU report accuses China of spreading disinformation about the crisis. The bloc's External Action Service says Russia, and to a lesser extent China, have "targeted conspiracy narratives" in the EU and neighbouring countries. US President Donald Trump has also repeatedly attacked China for its handling of the outbreak, and the state of Missouri is suing the Chinese government, accusing it of doing little to stop the spread of the virus. Scientists have poured cold water on speculation that the virus could have been engineered in a Wuhan laboratory. What is China objecting to? Almost from the start of the pandemic, there have been calls for international investigators to be allowed into China to find out how it all started. On Thursday Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison said that he would push for an investigation at the annual meeting next month of the World Health Assembly, the decision-making body of the World Health Organization (WHO). Australia sits on the executive board of the assembly. The body already plans to discuss calls for a "lessons learned" review of health emergencies. But Ms Chen told the BBC her country could not agree to any international investigation. "The independent inquiry is politically motivated," she said. "We are fighting the virus at the moment, we are concentrating all our efforts on fighting against the virus. Why talk about an investigation into this? This will divert not only attention, it will divert resources. "This is a politically motivated initiative, I think no-one can agree on this... It would serve nobody any good." Ms Chen said there were lots of rumours about the origins of the virus but such misinformation was dangerous, she claimed, and said it was like a political virus and as dangerous as coronavirus itself, if not even more so. Europeans 'nervous' about confronting China Governments in Europe have so far been wary of engaging in a diplomatic row with China at a sensitive time. One UK official, who like others declined to speak on the record, said there was a "nervousness" about confronting China and that relations were "delicate". Countries are dependent on Beijing for deliveries of vital equipment in dealing with the crisis and want to keep the flow of information open to help understand what happened this time and prevent future outbreaks, and experts say the approach needs to be carefully calibrated. "We need to dial down the rhetoric and the confrontation because we've got something more serious to deal with," argues Charles Parton, a former UK diplomat in China and now a senior associate fellow at the RUSI think- tank. In the US by contrast, the issue of China is becoming highly politicised in an election year with competing calls for a tough line on Beijing and pressure to investigate the origins of the virus. Read more from Gordon here. What does the EU report say? "Despite their potentially grave impact on public health, official and state-backed sources from various governments, including Russia and - to a lesser extent - China, have continued to widely target conspiracy narratives and disinformation both at public audiences in the EU and the wider neighbourhood," the report says. It claims Chinese officials and state media have been trying to deflect blame for the outbreak, curtailing any mentions of Wuhan as the origin of the virus, with some state-controlled social media channels continuing to spread the theory that the outbreak was linked to visiting US military representatives. The authors also say there is "significant evidence of covert Chinese operations on social media", citing reports of networks on Twitter with ties to the Chinese government. The report also singles out Russia for spreading disinformation, saying pro-Kremlin sources and Russian state media were continuing to run a coordinated campaign with the aim of undermining the EU and its crisis response and sowing confusion about the origins and health implications of Coronavirus.

করোনাভাইরাসের সূত্রপাত নিয়ে নিরপেক্ষ আন্তর্জাতিক তদন্তের আহ্বান চীন প্রত্যাখান করেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By BBC MonitoringThe world through its media The Kremlin says they will have "a fully-fledged, sit-down meeting" which will touch upon a number of pressing foreign policy issues, including Syria and Ukraine. The meeting has been preceded by months of speculation about a "bromance" between Mr Putin and Mr Trump, fuelled by alleged Russian interference in last year's US election and rumours that Russia strongly favoured Mr Trump over Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. BBC Monitoring looks at what the two leaders have had to say about each other in recent years. Putin on Trump Vladimir Putin has been fairly guarded about his views on Donald Trump. His most recent comment on his US counterpart was June, where he described Trump as "direct and open" person, who has a "fresh view". 17 December 2015: "He is a very colourful person, talented, without any doubt. It is not our business to determine his merits, that is up to US voters, but he is the absolute leader in the presidential race." 27 October 2016: "He has chosen a method to get through to voters' hearts… He behaves extravagantly of course, we see this, but I think there's a reason for this. He represents the part of US society that's tired of having the elite in power for decades." 9 November 2016: "I'd like to congratulate the American people on the completion of the electoral cycle and Mr Donald Trump on his victory in this election... Russia is ready and wants to restore fully-fledged relations with the USA." 4 December 2016: "He could achieve success in business, which suggests that he's a smart man. And if he's a smart man, that means that he'll fully and quickly enough realise this different level of responsibility. We expect that he will act with this perspective in mind." 1 June 2017: "He can't be put in the same category as traditional politicians. I see great advantages because he's a person with a fresh view… Some people like him, some don't." Trump on Putin During his presidential election campaign, Mr Trump spoke favourably of Mr Putin, saying that he "would possibly have a good relationship" with the Russian leader. However, in recent months his rhetoric towards Mr Putin has become noticeably more reserved. 28 April 2016: "I think he said some really nice things. He called me a genius. He said: 'Trump's a genius.' Okay. So, you know, that's nice… He has been very nice to me." 28 July 2016: "I don't think he has any respect for Clinton. I think he respects me. I think it would be great to get along with him." 7 September 2016: "The man has very strong control over a country... It's a very different system and I don't happen to like the system but certainly, in that system, he's been a leader far more than our president has been a leader." 27 January 2017: "I don't know the gentleman [Mr Putin]. I hope we have a fantastic relationship. That's possible, and it's also possible that we won't… We'll see what happens." 19 March 2017: "Don't know him but certainly he is a tough cookie. I don't know how he is doing for Russia; we are going to find out one day." BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring onTwitter.

জার্মানির শহর হ্যামবুর্গে বিশ্বনেতাদের সঙ্গে বৈঠক করবেন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The 38-year-old man had "maliciously distorted the truth" about the conflict, said authorities. He is one of at least seven people that China has detained for their allegedly inappropriate remarks on this incident. The incident, which took place last June, was the first deadly clash in the disputed border area in 45 years. A Chinese law passed in 2018 bans people from "slandering heroes and martyrs". However, a person can only be criminally charged for this offence under an amendment to China's criminal law, which comes into effect next month, according to a column by China Daily. This would enable those charged under this law to be imprisoned for up to three years. "If [Qiu] committed the offence ten days later, he would be the first person punished by this law. It's a pity," said a columnist with China Daily. 'Slandering heroes' According to a statement issued by the Nanjing Public Security Bureau, the man - identified only by his surname Qiu - was arrested on 19 February. The 38-year-old blogger had 2.5 million followers on Weibo, according to local reports. The BBC was unable to verify this as his account has since been removed. Microblogging site Weibo announced last week that Mr Qiu's account had been banned for one year. The man has since confessed to "illegal behaviour to gain the attention of netizens, distorting facts on Weibo and slandering and demeaning the heroes defending the border". He has since been detained for "picking quarrels and provoking trouble" - a charge commonly used against critics. The same charge has been used against a handful of other people who have also been detained for their remarks on the same incident - what exactly they said has not been revealed. China had earlier last week revealed for the first time that four of its soldiers died in a clash with Indian troops at the Galwan Valley in India's Ladakh region. Previously, India said that 20 of its soldiers were killed in last year's clash, while Beijing acknowledged casualties but did not disclose details. China's military news outlet PLA Daily named the "heroic" Chinese soldiers who gave their "youth, blood and even life" to the region - Chen Hongjun, Chen Xiangrong, Xiao Siyuan and Wang Zhuoran. They were all given posthumous awards. India and China have been locked in a border dispute for decades. The root cause of the tension is an ill-defined, 3,440km (2,100-mile)-long disputed border called the Line of Actual Control. Rivers, lakes and snowcaps along the frontier mean the line can shift, bringing soldiers face to face at many points, sparking a confrontation. The two countries however have a long-standing agreement to not use guns or explosives along the border. In January this year, the two armies also clashed along the border in the north-east in India's Sikkim state, leaving troops on both sides injured. But India and China have since agreed to "disengage" from the border are now in the midst of pulling back troops from parts of it.

গত বছর ভারতীয় সৈন্যদের সাথে সংঘর্ষের সময় নিহত চীনা সৈন্যদের বিষয়ে অপবাদ দেওয়ার অভিযোগে চীনা পুলিশ একজন ব্লগারকে গ্রেফতার করেছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Dulcie Lee & Alex KleidermanBBC News Two jabs of either vaccine give a similar level of protection against symptomatic disease from the Indian variant as they do for the Kent one. However, both vaccines were only 33% effective against the Indian variant three weeks after the first dose. This compared with 50% effectiveness against the Kent variant. Public Health England, which ran the study, said the vaccines are likely to be even more effective at preventing hospital admission and deaths. The Moderna vaccine has also been used in the UK since April but the study said the numbers who had received it were too small for them to include it in their research. Health Secretary Matt Hancock said the findings made him "increasingly confident" the final stage of easing restrictions in England could take place on 21 June. The data showed getting both doses of the vaccine was "absolutely vital", he added. Home Secretary Priti Patel said the data was "positive" but the planned "stages" for the easing needed to be followed. She told the BBC's Andrew Marr Show: "We will continue to follow the data... we all have to be conscientious... we are distancing, wearing masks, following all the rules. "That, of course, will help us to that unlocking on 21 June." Questioned about criticism of the timing of putting India on the travel red list, the home secretary said ministers "work with the data... and that information was presented... in the right way for the decisions to be made". Ms Patel also defended the controls at UK borders - highlighting the pre-arrival testing requirements and saying a "vigorous system" for making sure people arriving from red list countries were quarantining was in place. A further five people in the UK have died within 28 days of a positive coronavirus test, and another 2,235 people have tested positive, Sunday's official figures showed. More than 60 million vaccine doses have now been given, with 37,943,681 first doses administered and 22,643,417 second doses. 'Real-world evidence' The Pfizer vaccine was found to be 88% effective at stopping symptomatic disease from the Indian variant two weeks after the second dose, compared with 93% effectiveness against the Kent variant. The AstraZeneca jab was 60% effective against the Indian variant, compared with 66% against the Kent variant. Public Health England (PHE) said the difference in effectiveness between the vaccines after two doses might be explained by the fact that rollout of second doses of AstraZeneca was later than for the Pfizer vaccine, which was approved first. Other data shows it takes longer to reach maximum effectiveness with the AstraZeneca vaccine, PHE said. Some 12,675 genome-sequenced cases were included in the study, which took place between 5 April and 16 May. Only 1,054 of those cases were of the Indian variant, known as B.1.617.2. Dr Jenny Harries told the Andrew Marr Show the study was "very good news". The chief executive of the UK Health Security Agency said the study is the "first real-world evidence of vaccine effectiveness" against the variant. Asked about the discrepancy between the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccine results, she said a key factor to consider was that the "different vaccines were given to slightly different groups of people". "The Pfizer vaccine was rolled out initially, because it had to be kept at ultra-low temperatures, to - for example - healthcare workers, who tended to be younger," she said. "This is an all-age study. Whereas AstraZeneca went out to older groups of individuals who were unable to come into main centres." 'Very reassuring' As the virus changes, protection against infection was always going to be the first thing that slips. So the fact that the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines offer such a high degree of protection against the Indian variant after the second dose is very reassuring given experts expect it to become dominant. But what are the implications of the drop in effectiveness of the first dose where the Indian variant is concerned? Given it's expected to become the dominant variant in the UK, it's now even more important people get their second jab. The more difficult question to answer is what this means for the speed of the route back to normality. Its ability to evade the vaccines even by a small degree will be a factor in how more transmissible this variant is here. There are also other biological reasons why it might find it easier to spread. But this does not necessarily mean we will see a surge in cases and, crucially, hospital admissions - the protection vaccines give us against serious illness will be much much higher than their ability to block mild infections. The Indian variant certainly gives the virus a bit more of an advantage, but it doesn't mean the vaccines won't win out. The study looked at data from all age groups from 5 April, to cover the period since the Indian variant emerged. There is not enough data to estimate how effective the vaccine is against severe outcomes for the Indian variant, PHE said. Dr Jamie Lopez Bernal, consultant medical epidemiologist at PHE and the study's lead author, said there was higher confidence in the data from the first vaccine dose than that from the second as "there are bigger numbers that have been vaccinated with one dose". Prof Susan Hopkins, PHE's Covid-19 strategic response director, said the data trend was "quite clear" and was heading in the "right direction". More than 37 million people in the UK have now had their first vaccination, and 22 million have had their second. Some 13,000 deaths and 39,100 hospitalisations have been prevented in the UK due to the vaccination programme up to 9 May, according to PHE analysis. It comes as more than 1.3 million more people in England have become registered users of the NHS app since it was announced that it would allow them to show proof they had received a Covid-19 vaccine, taking its user base to 4.8 million. The app is separate from the NHS Covid-19 contact-tracing app.

ফাইজার এবং অ্যাস্ট্রাজেনেকার উদ্ভাবিত করোনাভাইরাসের টিকার দুইটি ডোজ ভারতীয় ভ্যারিয়েন্ট ঠেকাতে সক্ষম বলে একটি গবেষণায় বেরিয়ে এসেছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Reality Check teamBBC News We've looked at some of the data around crime and justice in the US, and what it shows about the experience of African-Americans when it comes to law and order. 1. African-Americans are more likely to get fatally shot The figures that are available for incidents in which the police shoot and kill people show that for African-Americans, there's a much higher chance of being fatally shot relative to their overall numbers in the US population. In fact, in 2019, although African-Americans made up less than 14% of the population (according to official census figures), they accounted for more than 23% of the just over 1,000 fatal shootings by the police. And that figure has been relatively consistent since 2017, whereas the number of white victims has come down since then. 2. African-Americans are arrested at a higher rate for drug abuse African-Americans are arrested for drug abuse at a much higher rate than white Americans, although surveys show drug use at similar levels. In 2018, around 750 out of every 100,000 African-Americans were arrested for drug abuse, compared to around 350 out of every 100,000 white Americans. Previous national surveys on drug use show that white people use drugs at similar rates, but African-Americans continue to get arrested at a higher rate. For example, a study by the American Civil Liberties Union found that African-Americans were 3.7 times more likely to be arrested for marijuana possession than whites, even though their rate of marijuana usage was comparable. 3. More African-Americans are imprisoned African-Americans are imprisoned at five times the rate of white Americans and at almost twice the rate of Hispanic-Americans, according to the latest data. In 2018, African-Americans made up around 13% of the US population, but represented almost a third of the country's prison population. White Americans made up around 30% of the prison population - despite representing more than 60% of the total US population. That's more than 1,000 African-American prisoners for every 100,000 African-Americans, compared to around 200 white inmates for every 100,000 white Americans. The US prison population is defined as inmates sentenced to more than a year in a federal or state prison. Imprisonment rates have dropped for African-Americans over the last decade, but they still make up more of the prison population than any other race. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

মিনিয়াপোলিস শহরে গত ২৬শে মে পুলিশের হাতে কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ জর্জ ফ্লয়েডের মৃত্যুর ঘটনায় পুরো আমেরিকায় বর্ণবাদ বিরোধী বিক্ষোভ ছড়িয়ে পড়ার পর পৃথিবীর নানা প্রান্তে অভূতপূর্ব সব ঘটনা ঘটে চলেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Helier CheungBBC News, Washington DC Most of the protests began peacefully - and several stayed peaceful. But in a large number of cases, demonstrators clashed with police, set police cars on fire, vandalised property or looted shops. The National Guard has activated 5,000 of its personnel across 15 states and Washington DC. Experts have also drawn parallels with the 2011 England riots - when a peaceful protest over a man who was shot dead by police turned into four days of unrest, with widespread looting and buildings set alight. How do protests spread so quickly - and why do some become violent? Protests spread when there's a shared identity Incidents like Mr Floyd's death can "become a trigger moment because it symbolises a broader experience, amongst much larger numbers of people, about the relationship between police and the black community," says Prof Clifford Stott, an expert in crowd behaviour and public order policing at Keele University. Confrontations are particularly likely when there are structural inequalities, he adds. Prof Stott studied the 2011 England riots extensively, and found that the riots there spread because protesters in different cities identified with each other - either because of their ethnicity, or because they shared a dislike of the police. This meant that, when the police appeared to be overwhelmed, rioters in different districts felt empowered to mobilise. How the police respond matters Violent protests are less likely when police have a good relationship with the local community - but how they react to demonstrations on the day also matters, experts say. "Riots are a product of interactions - largely to do with the nature of the way police treats crowds," says Prof Stott. For example, he says, in a large crowd of protesters, tensions may begin with just a few people confronting the police. However, "police often react towards the crowd as a whole" - and if people feel that the police use of force against them is unjustified, this increases their "us versus them" mentality. This "can change the way people feel about violence and confrontation - for example, they may start feeling that violence is legitimate given the circumstances." Darnell Hunt, dean of social sciences at UCLA, believes police in the US "ramped up their aggressiveness" over the weekend. "Deploying the National Guard, using rubber bullets, tear gas, and pepper spray - these are a range of police tactics that can exacerbate an already-tense situation." It's a pattern that has been seen in other protests around the world too. For example, in 2019, Hong Kong saw seven months of anti-government protests, that began as mostly peaceful and ended up increasingly violent. Experts highlight a series of police tactics that were seen as heavy-handed - including the firing of large amounts of tear gas at young protesters - as moves that galvanised protesters and made them more confrontational. Prof Stott argues that police forces that have invested in de-escalation training are more likely to avoid violence at protests. He points to protests that were able to stay peaceful in the US over the weekend - such as in Camden, New Jersey, where officers joined the residents in a march against racism. It also depends on what's at stake Moral psychology can help explain why some protests turn violent, says Marloon Moojiman, an assistant professor in organisational behaviour at Rice University. A person's sense of morality is central to how they see themselves, so "when we see something as immoral, it creates strong feelings, because we feel our understanding of morality has to be protected". "This can override other concerns people have about keeping peace", because "if you think the system is broken, you're going to want to really do something drastic to show that that's not acceptable." This can apply to a wide range of beliefs - for example, in an extreme case, someone who thinks abortion is a moral outrage may be more likely to say it's OK to bomb an abortion clinic, he says. Research suggests that social media echo chambers could also make people more susceptible to endorsing violence, if they believe that their peers have the same moral views as them, he adds. Looting and vandalism can be more targeted than you think In the US, hundreds of businesses have been damaged, and there has been widespread looting in LA and Minneapolis over the weekend. However, Prof Stott warns that while it's easy to assume that riots and crowds are "irrational and chaotic, none of that is true - it's highly structured and meaningful for the people taking part". "To some extent, looting is an expression of power - black citizens may have felt disempowered in relation to the police - but in the context of a riot, the rioters momentarily become more powerful than the police." Studies of previous riots show that places that get looted are often related to big businesses, and that looting "often relates to the sense of inequality related to living in capitalistic economies", he says. Prof Hunt has studied the 1992 Los Angeles riots, which were sparked after four white police officers were acquitted over the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King. He says there is "a long history of targeting, or selectivity", in vandalism and looting. "In the LA uprisings, you'd often see 'minority owned' spray painted on minority businesses, so that people would bypass those." However, both Prof Stott and Prof Hunt caution that looting is complicated - especially as lots of people with different motivations take part, including people in poverty, or organised criminals. The idea that violent protests are targeted and meaningful events to those taking part can also explain why looting occurs in some protests, but not others. In Hong Kong, for example, protesters smashed shop windows, threw petrol bombs at police, and defaced the national emblem - but there was no looting. Lawrence Ho, a specialist in policing and public order management at the Education University of Hong Kong, believes this is because those protests were triggered by political developments and anger at the police, rather than discrimination and social inequality. "Vandalism was targeted at stores seen to have a strong connection to mainland China," says Dr Ho. "It was a deliberate attempt to convey a message." How can violence be prevented? Public order experts say that for the police, being seen as legitimate and able to engage protesters in dialogue is key. "Good policing tries to avoid an 'us' and 'them' mentality, and also tries to avoid the sense that police can act in ways that people see as illegitimate," says Prof Stott. Dr Ho also believes that negotiation is the best way - but points out that "one of the hardest things today is that a lot of protests are leaderless. If you can't find the leader, you can't negotiate with them." More generally, he adds, politicians can make matters better - or worse - based on their approach to dialogue, and whether they use emergency legislation. Ultimately, however, riots can be a symptom of deep-seated tensions and complicated issues that don't have an easy solution. Prof Hunt says this week's US riots are the most serious ones since 1968 - after Martin Luther King was assassinated. "You can't think about police brutality, and the profiling of certain communities, without thinking about the inequalities that exist in society and fuel those concerns," he says. "The George Floyd case was not the cause - it's more like the straw that broke the camel's back. You could argue even the police killings are symptoms - the underlying cause is white supremacy, racism, and things the US has not fundamentally dealt with."

পুলিশ হেফাজেতে এক কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ আমেরিকান জর্জ ফ্লয়েডের মৃত্যুর জের ধরে বিক্ষোভকারী এবং পুলিশের মধ্যে সংঘর্ষ নিয়ন্ত্রণে আনতে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের বেশ কয়েকটি শহরে কারফিউ জারি করা হয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Turkey's communications chief said the country had not received enough support in hosting millions of Syrian refugees. Its decision followed a deadly attack on Turkish troops by Syrian government forces in northern Syria. The incident sparked fears of a major escalation involving Turkey and Syria's military ally, Russia. Greece and Bulgaria - which border Turkey - have sent reinforcements to prevent people entering. Greek police have been deterring attempts to cross the border with tear gas, reports say. At least 33 Turkish soldiers were killed in a bombardment in Idlib, the last Syrian province where Syrian rebel groups hold significant territory. Syrian government forces, supported by Russia, have been trying to retake Idlib from jihadist groups and Turkish-backed rebel factions. The UN Security Council is set to meet later in response to events in Syria. EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell warned the situation risked "sliding into a major open international military confrontation". Why is Turkey letting migrants leave? The country is hosting 3.7 million Syrian refugees as well as migrants from other countries such as Afghanistan - but had previously stopped them from leaving for Europe under an aid-linked deal with the EU. Turkish TV showed migrants making their way on foot to the border with Greece near the Turkish town of Edirne, and further south boarding boats to cross to Lesbos. Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said "significant numbers" of migrants had gathered at the border but said "no illegal entries into Greece will be tolerated". Land and sea border security was being tightened, he said. Turkey's communications director Fahrettin Altun said the migrants were now also Europe and the world's problem. He said Turkey had "no choice" but to relax border controls because it had not received enough support in hosting Syrian refugees. However there was confusion over Turkish policy after the EU's Mr Borrell said Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu had reassured him that Turkey remained committed to controlling the flow of migrants to the EU. Mr Altun had earlier said Turkey did not have the capacity to allow entry to the nearly one million Syrians fleeing the fighting in Idlib. He called for the international community to protect civilians in Idlib from "genocide" by imposing a no-fly zone. At least 465 civilians, including 145 children, have been killed in Idlib since December, the vast majority of them victims of attacks by the Syrian government and its allies, according to the UN. Children are also dying from the cold. What has happened since the attack on Turkish troops? The Turkish and Russian presidents spoke by phone on Friday. Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Vladimir Putin agreed on the need for "additional measures" to normalise the situation, with the possibility of a summit in the near future, the Kremlin said. Russia also says top Russian and US military officials have discussed the situation in Idlib. Nato Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg promised "strong political support and... practical support" for Turkey while the US said it "stood by" Turkey. Russia says the Turkish troops were attacked while operating alongside jihadist fighters. Moscow denies its own forces were involved in the fighting in the Balyun area. Turkey said it had hit 200 Syrian government targets in retaliation, "neutralising" 309 soldiers. UK-based monitoring group the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said 20 Syrian troops had been killed. Russia said it was in constant contact with Turkey to ensure Turkish troops were not targeted in Idlib and had not been informed that Turkish forces were active at Balyun. But Turkish Defence Minister Hulusi Akar insisted the Russians had been informed about the locations of Turkish troops and said no armed groups had been present near the soldiers who were attacked. He also said ambulances had been hit in the attack. Two Russian warships equipped with cruise missiles have passed through Istanbul's Bosphorus Strait on their way to the Syrian coast. What is the context? The attack on Turkish troops came after Turkish-backed rebels retook the key town of Saraqeb, north-east of Balyun. Idlib is the last Syrian province where Syrian rebel groups still control significant territory. Russia and Turkey are backing opposing sides in the civil war. Turkey is opposed to the government of Bashar al-Assad and supports some rebel groups. Syria and Russia have rejected President Erdogan's demand to pull back to ceasefire lines agreed in 2018. Turkey is also actively trying to prevent Syria's Kurdish community establishing control over the border region, fearing that this would encourage Kurdish separatism within Turkey itself. It has been accused of seeking to drive Kurds away from the border to establish a safe area within Syria to rehouse two million of the refugees it is hosting. Russia has rejected calls in the UN Security Council for a humanitarian ceasefire in northern Syria, saying the only solution is to chase what it calls terrorists from the country. The Syrian government, which has regularly been accused of committing atrocities against civilians, says it is liberating Idlib from "terrorism".

শরণার্থী ও অভিবাসীদের ইউরোপে যাওয়া ঠেকাতে ইইউর সাথে তুরস্কের যে সমঝোতা হয়েছিল -আংকারা আর তা মেনে চলবে না, এ ঘোষণার পর দলে দলে লোক গ্রিস সীমান্তের দিকে অগ্রসর হচ্ছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Bush Sr served as the 41st US president between 1989 and 1993, his term defined by the end of the Cold War and the first Iraq war against Saddam Hussein. While his health had been failing in recent years, he still managed to make public appearances. The former president died at 22:10 local time on Friday (04:10 GMT Saturday), a family spokesperson said. In April, he was admitted to hospital with a blood infection but had since been discharged. Bush was also being treated for a form of Parkinson's disease. He died seven months after his wife, Barbara. "Jeb, Neil, Marvin, Doro, and I are saddened to announce that after 94 remarkable years, our dear Dad has died," his son George Bush Jr, who went on to serve as the 43rd US president, said in a statement. "[He] was a man of the highest character and the best dad a son or daughter could ask for." President Trump will be attending the funeral in Washington, the White House said, and Wednesday 5 December has been designated a day of national mourning. He has had difficult relations with the Bush family and did not attend Barbara Bush's funeral. But he is due to speak to George Bush Jr today. In one of dozens of tributes from former and current world leaders, Mr Trump praised Bush's "essential authenticity, disarming wit, and unwavering commitment to faith, family and country." The US flag has been lowered to half staff at the White House. Who was George HW Bush? Bush Sr's single presidential term in office was dominated by foreign policy - the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. He was instrumental in building the international military coalition that forced Iraq's Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait. Bush became president after serving two terms as vice-president to Ronald Reagan, but he suffered the ignominy of becoming a single-term president - defeated by Bill Clinton in the 1992 election amid a weakening economy. His famous 1988 campaign promise - "Read my lips. No new taxes" - came back to haunt him when he felt compelled to reverse policy. Bush entered politics in 1964 after starting a Texan oil business and becoming a millionaire by the age of 40. During World War Two, he was an aviator before being shot down by the Japanese in September 1944 while on a bombing raid. Following his honourable discharge from the navy in 1945, Bush married then 18-year-old Barbara Pierce. Their marriage would last 73 years and they would have six children together. In later life, his character came under scrutiny when he was accused of groping a number of women at public events. A statement issued by his spokesman after a recent incident said he would never "intentionally cause anyone distress". How has the US media reported his death? New York Times: "Some critics have said that Mr Hussein would not have been so bold as to invade Kuwait had Washington not shamelessly cultivated him over the years; others faulted Mr Bush for not pushing Mr Hussein all the way back to Baghdad and removing him from power. Such a course, Mr Bush said later, would have 'incurred incalculable human and political costs … We would have been forced to occupy Baghdad and, in effect, rule Iraq.' Which is exactly what his son, George W Bush, a less cautious man, set out to do 12 years later - with disastrous results." Fox News: "Although occasionally criticized for his lack of eloquence - such as referring to a focus on the larger picture as 'the vision thing' - Bush's comments also could be endearingly frank. Referring to his dislike for a particular vegetable, he once said, 'I do not like broccoli. And I haven't liked it since I was a little kid and my mother made me eat it. And I'm President of the United States and I'm not going to eat any more broccoli.'" Who has been paying tribute? When will the funeral take place? While the White House said Wednesday would be a day of mourning, its statement did not make clear whether the funeral was to be held on the same day. Announcing Mr Trump's attendance, White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckerbee Sanders released a statement saying: "A state funeral is being arranged with all of the accompanying support and honours." It will take place at the National Cathedral in Washington. A lying in state in Washington is thought likely, followed by burial at the presidential library in Texas alongside Barbara Bush. The last state funeral for a former president was that of Gerald Ford, which began on 30 December 2006 with a lying in state and service at the US Capitol. Further services were held at the Washington National Cathedral on 2 January 2007 and the following day in Grand Rapids, Michigan, his boyhood home. The US flag was flown at half mast on official buildings for 30 days.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ৪১তম প্রেসিডেন্ট জর্জ বুশ সিনিয়র মারা গেছেন। তার বয়স হয়েছিল ৯৪।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Mr Trump dismissed as "ridiculous" efforts by Democrats in Congress to impeach him for inciting insurrection. He leaves office on 20 January, when President-elect Joe Biden is sworn in. The House of Representatives is expected to vote on an article of impeachment on Wednesday. "I think it's [the impeachment procedure] causing tremendous danger to our country and it's causing tremendous anger. I want no violence," Mr Trump said. He was speaking as he left the White House for a visit to Texas to inspect a section of the border wall with Mexico. It was his first public appearance since the violence at the Capitol, in which five people died and dozens of people were injured, including at least 60 police officers. What did Mr Trump say in his speech? During his speech at the rally in Washington on 6 January, Mr Trump repeated his unsubstantiated claims of voter fraud during the 3 November presidential election and urged his supporters to march on Congress. "We're going to walk down to the Capitol, and we're going to cheer on our brave senators and congressmen and women, and we're probably not going to be cheering so much for some of them, because you'll never take back our country with weakness. You have to show strength," he told the crowd of several thousand supporters. He said Vice-President Mike Pence should have "the courage to do what he has to do", claiming without foundation that Mr Pence had the constitutional power to overturn the votes which were being formally tallied in Congress that day. "I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard," Mr Trump said. Dozens of people have since been detained in connection with last week's violence. Of the five who lost their lives, one was a police officer and one was a rioter shot dead by police. Meanwhile, a third US lawmaker has said he has Covid-19 after sheltering with maskless Republicans in a safe room during the events of 6 January. What is happening with efforts to remove Trump from office? The House of Representatives will vote on Tuesday to ask Mr Pence to invoke the 25th amendment to the constitution to remove Mr Trump from office - an idea Mr Pence is said to oppose. That vote is expected to fail, and so the House will then consider an article of impeachment against Mr Trump for "incitement of insurrection". Democrats have the majority in the House, so the impeachment vote is likely to pass. If it does, Mr Trump will become the first president in US history to be impeached twice. However, the impeachment will only lead to his removal from office if a two-thirds majority votes in favour of his conviction in the Senate. That would need the assent of a substantial number of Republicans and so far, few have shown any willingness to vote against a president from their own party. Speaking on his visit to Texas, Mr Trump brushed off the threat of removal from office under the constitution. "The 25th amendment is of zero risk to me but will come back to haunt Joe Biden and the Biden administration," he said. Do Republicans leaders back impeachment? According to the New York Times, Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell has told confidants he is pleased Democrats want to impeach the president. The Kentucky senator believes the punishment will make it easier to cleanse Mr Trump from the Republican party, reports the newspaper. Mr McConnell has also told associates he believes the president committed impeachable offences, reports the Washington Post. Neither Mr McConnell nor his Republican counterpart in the House, Kevin McCarthy, plan to whip votes for or against impeachment, according to US media. On Tuesday afternoon, one of the most senior House Republicans, Liz Cheney, said she would vote to impeach Mr Trump. The Wyoming representative said in a statement: "There has never been a greater betrayal by a President of the United States of his office and his oath to the Constitution." Ms Cheney, the number three Republican in the lower chamber and the daughter of former Vice-President Dick Cheney, said Mr Trump had "summoned this mob, assembled the mob, lit the flame of this attack". Trump almost never shies away from a fight. He didn't on Tuesday, either. When asked about his incendiary speech to supporters outside the White House last week - the one many allege helped incite a riot - he did not apologise. Instead, he lashed out at his critics and cast himself as a victim. The Democrats, he said, were the problem. Their effort at impeachment, he explained, was "causing tremendous danger to our country", along with "tremendous anger". It was vintage Trump. In his final days, he is relying on a strategy borrowed from his beloved sport, mixed martial arts, to defend himself: throw quick punches and duck. Meanwhile in the West Wing, offices are emptying, cardboard boxes are lying on the floor next to people's desks, and aides are leaving in droves. Calls for Mr Trump's resignation, removal from office or impeachment have grown among Democrats and some Republicans in the days following the riots in Congress. The FBI is warning of armed protests in all 50 states by right-wing extremists ahead of Mr Biden's inauguration. Up to 15,000 National Guard troops will be deployed in Washington DC for the event. The leaders of the US military's different branches, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, issued a message describing the riots as a direct assault on Congress and the constitution, Reuters news agency and CNN report. The message said Mr Biden would be inaugurated on 20 January and warned service members: "Any act to disrupt the Constitutional process is not only against our traditions, values, and oath; it is against the law." Key dates to watch

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প মনে করেন, ক্যাপিটল হিলে দাঙ্গার আগে তিনি যে বক্তব্য দিয়েছিলেন, তারা পুরোপুরি ঠিক আছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The rare admission came from the Politburo Standing Committee, which called for an improvement in China's emergency management system. It also ordered a "severe" crackdown on illegal wildlife markets - where the virus is thought to have emerged. The death toll has risen to 425, with more than 20,000 confirmed cases. "In response to the shortcomings and deficiencies... we must improve our national emergency management system and improve our abilities in handling urgent and dangerous tasks," the report said. "It is necessary to strengthen market supervision, resolutely ban and severely crack down on illegal wildlife markets and trade." The government's initial handling of the outbreak has been widely criticised. Officials have been accused of downplaying the severity of the virus at the start of the outbreak and in some cases, attempting to keep news of it secret. One doctor in Wuhan who tried to warn his fellow colleagues about the outbreak late last year was accused of "making false comments" and told by police to stop the "illegal activity". It was only later in January that the government ordered the virtual lockdown of Hubei province, where the virus is believed to have originated. Other regions close to the mainland are also feeling the effects of the virus first-hand. On Tuesday, Hong Kong confirmed its first death from the coronavirus. Broadcaster RTHK said the 39-year-old man, who suffered from an underlying illness, had visited Wuhan on 21 January. Hong Kong, which has 15 confirmed cases, has suspended 10 out of 13 border crossings with mainland China. Taiwan announced that starting Friday, it would deny entry to all foreign nationals who have been to mainland China in the past 14 days. Macau - one of Asia's biggest gambling hubs - also announced that it would temporarily close down all the casinos in the region. The closure is set to last two weeks but could be extended. The new coronavirus causes severe acute respiratory infection and symptoms usually start with a fever, followed by a dry cough. The number of deaths in China, excluding Hong Kong, now exceeds the 349 killed on the mainland in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) outbreak of 2002-03. But the mortality rate of the new virus is about 2.1% - much lower than that of Sars at around 9.6% - suggesting it is not as deadly. What's the latest on the virus outside China? There are more than 150 cases in other countries, with one death in the Philippines. On Tuesday, South Korea announced that one of its citizens had tested positive for coronavirus after visiting Thailand. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) said the 42-year-old woman flew back to Korea on 19 January after visiting Thailand. She showed symptoms on 25 January and her conditions did not improve. The Thai Department of Disease Control said it was "possible" that she contracted the virus in Thailand, which has one of the highest number of virus cases outside of China. It is not clear if she had visited China at all. Many nations have evacuated their citizens from affected areas of China, often placing them in quarantine on arrival home. The US ordered the departure of all US personnel family members under the age of 21, and any US citizen who has been in Hubei province will be subject to 14 days' quarantine. Chinese foreign ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said the US measures were "excessive" and contrary to WHO recommendations, accusing the US of "spreading fear". The WHO has warned that closing borders could even accelerate the spread of the virus, if travellers enter countries unofficially. More than 20 countries have recorded confirmed cases. The latest on travel restrictions: How deadly is the virus? More than 75,000 people may have been infected in Wuhan, experts say. But estimates by the University of Hong Kong suggest the total number of cases could be far higher than official figures. Around 80% of those who have died from the virus are over the age of 60, said a report by state media quoting the National Health Commission. The national health body added that 75% of them had suffered from underlying conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Most people infected are likely to fully recover - just as they would from a normal flu. An expert at China's National Health Commission (NHC) said that one week was sufficient for a recovery from mild coronavirus symptoms. How has the coronavirus outbreak affected you? Has your family been affected? What about your business or your travel plans? You can share your experiences by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:

করোনাভাইরাস মোকাবেলায় নিজেদের ভুল আর ঘাটতির কথা স্বীকার করে নিলো চীনের শীর্ষ নেতৃত্ব।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

And all professional sport, including Serie A football matches, will be played behind closed doors for a month. A total of 107 people have now been killed by the coronavirus in Italy, which has the most serious outbreak in Europe. PM Giuseppe Conte said the health service risked being overwhelmed. Most of the more than 3,000 cases are in the north but others have been confirmed in 19 of Italy's 20 regions. Globally about 3,200 people have died and more than 90,000 have been infected, the vast majority in China, where the virus emerged late last year. The World Health Organization has so far stopped short of declaring a pandemic - an epidemic spreading across the world through local transmission - but on Wednesday Germany's health minister said the coronavirus now met the definition. "The situation is changing very quickly... What's clear is that we have not yet reached the peak of the outbreak," Jens Spahn said. Confirmed cases have been reported in 81 countries, with Italy, Iran and South Korea emerging as hotspots outside China. Fear is deepening Mark Lowen, BBC Rome correspondent Italy is suffering: with cafes and hotels half-empty, the tourism sector here is predicted to lose £6.5bn (8.5bn). Another town north of Milan could be placed in quarantine as cases there grow. But the containment measures so far have failed to halt the spread - there's now been the first death south of Rome. And while the prime minister sounded a reassuring note in an address last night, fear of this crisis is deepening. What else is happening? What do I need to know about the coronavirus? What is Italy doing? Mr Conte called on all Italians to "do their part". "We are in the same boat, whoever has the helm has the duty to indicate the route, we must make an extra effort, we must do it together," he said. Education Minister Lucia Azzolina said she hoped students would be able to resume classes as soon as possible. "My commitment is to ensure that the essential public service, albeit from a distance, is provided to all our students," she said. Local media said health experts and Italy's health ministry had been in favour of closing schools. Italy's death toll from the virus had jumped by 28 to 107, the Civil Protection Agency said on Wednesday. Most of the deaths have been in the Lombardy region around Milan, and in northern areas near Bologna and Venice. Earlier measures including the quarantine of 11 towns near Milan with a combined population of 50,000 have failed to stop the spread of infections. Italy is now also considering closing cinemas and theatres and banning public events, Reuters news agency reported, quoting a draft government decree. The decree also tells Italians to avoid hugging and shaking hands as much as possible. Which other countries have closed schools? Mainland China and Hong Kong, Japan, Iraq and the United Arab Emirates have already closed schools or are about to do so - affecting millions of schoolchildren. France has also closed about 120 schools in areas with the largest numbers of coronavirus infections. Both primary and secondary schools have been shut in an area north of Paris where the main cluster of French cases has emerged and where two people who have died of the virus lived. How have you been affected by coronavirus? Share your experiences by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:

করোনাভাইরাসের সংক্রমণ ঠেকাতে ইটালিতে বৃহস্পতিবার থেকে সব স্কুল ১০ দিনের জন্য বন্ধ রাখার ঘোষণা দিয়েছে দেশটির সরকার।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The pictures from China's National Space Administration show the five-starred Red Flag holding still on the windless lunar surface. They were taken by a camera on the Chang'e-5 space probe before it left the Moon with rock samples on Thursday. Two previous Chinese lunar missions had flags on the crafts' coatings - so neither could be affixed to the moon. The US planted the first flag on the Moon during the manned Apollo 11 mission in 1969. Five further US flags were planted on the lunar surface during subsequent missions up until 1972. In 2012 Nasa cited satellite images as showing that five of the flags were still standing, but experts quoted in media reports say they are likely to have been bleached white by the sun's glare. The first flag was said by astronaut Buzz Aldrin to have been placed too close to the Apollo lunar module and was, he said, probably blown away when the module blasted off. What has China said about its mission? The state-run Global Times newspaper said the Chinese flag was a reminder of the "excitement and inspiration" felt during the US Apollo missions. The fabric flag was unfurled by the Chang'e-5 lander vehicle just before its ascender vehicle took off using the lander as a launchpad. It has taken soil and rock samples to China's lunar orbiter 15km (nine miles) above the lunar surface - which will then be enclosed in a module that will be aimed at China's Inner Mongolia region. The Chinese flag is 2m wide and 90cm tall and weighs about a kilogram. All parts of the flag have been given features such as protection against cold temperatures, project leader Li Yunfeng told the Global Times. "An ordinary national flag on Earth would not survive the severe lunar environment," project developer Cheng Chang said. China's national flag was seen on the Moon during its first lunar landing mission, Chang'e-3 in photographs taken by the lander and rover of each other. The Chang'e-4 lander and rover brought the flag to the dark side of the moon in 2019. However, in both cases the flag was on the crafts' coating rather than being an actual fabric flag on a pole. The Chang'e-5 mission is China's third successful landing on the Moon in seven years.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ৫০ বছরেরও বেশি সময় পর বিশ্বের দ্বিতীয় দেশ হিসেবে চাঁদের পৃষ্ঠে নিজেদের পতাকা স্থাপন করেছে চীন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The documentary, Diana: In Her Own Words, is due to be aired ahead of the 20th anniversary of her death. The tapes, recorded by her speech coach, have never been seen in the UK. Channel 4 said they "provide a unique insight" - but Diana's close friend Rosa Monckton said they were a betrayal of the late princess's privacy. Mrs Monckton is writing to the broadcaster to ask them not to air the tapes. She told The Guardian: "This doesn't belong in the public domain. "It is a betrayal of her privacy and of the family's privacy." The footage was recorded by Peter Settelen, who was hired by the Princess of Wales between 1992 and 1993 to help with her public speaking voice. She was filmed at Kensington Palace and is seen talking about her marriage to the Prince of Wales, their sex life and how she confronted him about his affair with Camilla Parker Bowles, now the Duchess of Cornwall. 'Obscene and immoral' Former royal spokesman Dickie Arbiter told the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme that Channel 4 was "laughing all the way to the bank". He said: "These tapes were recorded in private as part of a training session. Anything done behind closed doors remains private." Royal biographer Penny Junor added: "I think it is quite obscene that they are showing this - and immoral, frankly. "Diana, when she made them... the marriage had just come to an end, they had broken up - she was in a very bad way." The princess "never intended these tapes to be heard by any living soul", she added, describing the broadcast as "exploitation". The tapes were returned to Mr Settelen in 2004 after a dispute with Diana's brother Earl Spencer, who said they belonged to him. They had initially been held by Scotland Yard after being seized in 2001 in a raid on the home of former royal butler Paul Burrell. Excerpts were broadcast in the US later in 2004 after being sold to American broadcaster NBC. The BBC was reportedly planning to show the tapes as part of a documentary in 2007, the year of the 10th anniversary of Diana's death, but scrapped the project. 'Unique portrait' Marcus Rutherford, Mr Settelen's lawyer, defended their broadcast. He told BBC 5 live: "The claim to privacy actually fails because the police looked at them, the Spencer family looked at them, Paul Burrell look at them presumably and so what was private to Peter as much as to Diana was actually lost in the process. "So I don't think it's right to say that now, 20 years later after her death, they remain private any more." He added that Diana was separating from her husband at the time and "wanted the world to know what she was going through". 'Amazing historical document' Channel 4's deputy chief creative officer Ralph Lee described the tapes as an "amazing historical document" that "allows us to create a new portrait of Diana". He told the BBC that "20 years is a significant amount of time for something like this to now come to light and be aired". A Channel 4 spokesman said the subjects covered in the tapes were "a matter of public record and provide a unique insight into the preparations Diana undertook to gain a public voice and tell her own personal story". Diana died in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997. Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected].

প্রিন্সেস অব ওয়েলস ডায়ানার কয়েকটি বিতর্কিত ভিডিও টেপ - যেগুলোতে তিনি নিজের সমস্যা জর্জরিত বিবাহিত জীবন নিয়ে কথা বলেছেন - সেগুলো সম্প্রচার না-করার জন্য তার বন্ধুরা ব্রিটেনের চ্যানেল ফোরের কাছে অনুরোধ জানিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The hope is the two former arch enemies can iron out some form of agreement on North Korea's controversial nuclear weapons programme. If you want to get your head around what's going on this week, here are some of the basics. We've pointed you towards more detailed articles if you want to know more. What are they going to talk about? The same thing they talked about when they had their historic first meeting last June in Singapore: nuclear weapons. Most of the world wants North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons - a process usually called denuclearisation. But North Korea has consistently said it won't do so until it no longer feels it faces a threat from the US and others. Because of this, North Korea is under a wide range of sanctions which stop it from trading or interacting normally with the wider world. It wants to take the least possible action to secure an easing of those sanctions. Hasn't North Korea already promised to give up its nuclear weapons? No, not at all. When they met last year, Trump and Kim signed the Singapore Declaration, which was high on optimism but low on detail. They said they were committed to peace and denuclearisation, but they've never agreed what this actually means nor how it will happen. North Korea has blown up its nuclear testing site - though it doesn't really need it anymore as it knows its nukes work - but there is no indication it's done anything else to stop its nuclear development. In fact, senior US intelligence officials say North Korea will never give them up, because it believes they're "critical to regime survival". In recent weeks Mr Trump has appeared to scale back his ambitions, saying he'd be happy as long as North Korea doesn't test any more missiles or nuclear bombs, which is the status quo right now. The US might also push for North Korea to simply provide a full list of all its nuclear tech - but even this is something it's never been willing to do. Why can't North Korea have nuclear weapons? Nuclear bombs are the most powerful weapons ever created. With a few exceptions, the world has agreed there should be no new nuclear-capable states. North Korea has broken international laws and treaties by developing its own nuclear arsenal. Aside from the very real fear it might one day use these weapons in anger, it could potentially sell the technology to other states, make mistakes that lead to accidents or if the government collapsed, they could fall into the wrong hands. If North Korea is allowed to have its own nuclear weapons, it could encourage other states to pursue the same path. Is North Korea a real threat? Yes, potentially. It has repeatedly said it would not be afraid to use nuclear or conventional weapons if threatened. The countries most nervous about that are its neighbours - South Korea and Japan. (The US has tens of thousands of troops in both those countries.) But North Korea also claims to have missiles powerful enough to reach the US mainland. There's also been a growing cyber security threat from North Korea in recent years. Most analysts agree, though, that were North Korea ever to initiate conflict it would be a suicidal move for the regime. Are the US and North Korea at war? Technically yes. The Korean War ended with a formal halt in fighting - an armistice - but a peace treaty has never been signed. Under a post-war pact, the US still has more than 23,000 military personnel based in South Korea and conducts regular training drills with South Korean troops. One outcome of the summit might be some form of peace declaration, something Kim certainly wants. That won't be a formal peace treaty - that's a complicated political process with huge practical implications - but more a symbolic gesture that would make both leaders look good to their home bases. Why are they meeting in Vietnam? As a communist country Vietnam shares some political similarities with North Korea and also has a history of conflict with the US. It's seen as a possible model for North Korea to follow if it were to emerge from isolation. Kim will be spending some time while there looking at industry and commerce. If he's to reach a deal with the US, overturning decades of anti-US propaganda, he'll need to convince North Korea's elite that there's gain in it for them. Kim also won't need to worry about protests - Vietnam won't allow demonstrations - and journalists covering the summit are being closely monitored. What's it like in North Korea? The government is one of the most brutal in the world, exercising total control over people's lives. The World Food Programme believes more than 10 million people are undernourished. For the political and urban elite, life has got a lot better in recent years, despite sanctions, but rights experts say nothing much has changed as the North has started engaging diplomatically. Human rights will almost certainly not be discussed at the Trump-Kim summit, but they may discuss a deal to allow in some humanitarian relief or to let families separated since the war see each other again. Why does North Korea have no lights? This is a question that gets Googled a lot - because of satellite pictures like this. That dark section in the middle is North Korea, sandwiched between China, South Korea and Japan. The answer is that North Korea doesn't have an extensive or reliable supply of electricity. The power stations and hydroelectric dams are old and suffer from a shortage of fuel and spare parts. Supply of power is prioritised for military or official purposes. Outside cities, many people rely on expensive and noisy generators, however, according to NK News, solar panels - which are cheap and reliable - are becoming increasingly popular for domestic use. Could the US ever just attack North Korea? This is often asked online, in response to stories about the threat posed by North Korea. In theory yes it could, but few experts will say that's a good idea. For starters there's the ethical question - there are 25 million people in North Korea - most of them victims of the government, not part of the problem. Removing Kim and the senior leadership would risk huge instability in a vulnerable and impoverished country - that would inevitably lead to a refugee crisis, which North Korea's neighbours want to avoid at all costs, and destabilise the whole region. And North Korea has nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and a vast standing army. Unless they were all disabled at once, it would strike back, even if briefly.

উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং-আন এর সাথে দ্বিতীয়বারের মতো মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাস্পের সাক্ষাৎ হতে যাচ্ছে ভিয়েতনামে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Reality Check teamBBC News Some of the protesters have been heard shouting slogans against the leadership. So how strong is opposition in Iran, and what do the protesters want? Who are they protesting against? The crowds taking to the streets in recent days have been concentrated in Tehran and other cities such as Isfahan, and comprise mainly university students and others from the middle classes, angered by the deaths of those on the plane. They have condemned the authorities for not initially telling the truth. But slogans have also been heard against the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, and the Islamic regime. "Lots of them will have known people on that plane as they are students who can afford to travel abroad," says the BBC's Rana Rahimpour. There is also little sign of these protests concentrating around a particular personality. "It's hard to say there's a single figurehead right now that people can unite around," says Fatemeh Shams, an Iranian professor at the University of Pennsylvania. What political opposition is allowed? Iran's system allows for elections, but political groups must operate within the strict boundaries of the Islamic Republic. In the 2016 parliamentary elections, nearly half of the candidates were disqualified by Iran's Guardian Council, which vets them for their commitment to Iran's Islamic system. And for this year's parliamentary elections, which are due to be held in February, thousands of potential candidates have again been disqualified, including 90 current lawmakers. Any candidates from groups opposed to the Islamic Republic, or who want to change the existing system altogether, are not allowed to run. The Guardian Council can also bar any would-be presidential candidates, and veto any legislation passed by parliament if it is deemed to be inconsistent with Iran's constitution and Islamic law. Ayatollah Khamenei, who is positioned at the top of Iran's political power structure, appoints half of the members of this body. The Supreme Leader also controls the armed forces and makes decisions on security, defence and major foreign policy issues. So in practice, the president and the parliament in Iran - even if they support change - have limited powers. There are also opposition movements who want greater autonomy for ethnic minorities like the Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis and Azerbaijanis. Some of these groups - like the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan - are armed and have fought for decades against the Iranian state. Does the opposition have leaders? There has been a movement pushing for reform in Iran for years, with Mohammad Khatami, the former president, as its figurehead. In office from 1997 until 2005, Mr Khatami brought in limited social and economic reforms, and put out feelers to Western countries. More extensive changes, however, were blocked by conservative interests, and Mr Khatami himself has been sidelined - with his movements and access to the media restricted. In 2009, a major challenge to the regime came after a disputed presidential election, won by hardliner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Defeated candidates Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi challenged the result and became leaders of what was called the Green Movement. Millions took to the streets to demand a re-run of the election, but Ayatollah Khamenei insisted the result was valid. Tough action against protests There was a widespread crackdown against demonstrators that year and dozens of opposition supporters were reportedly killed. Many of the top opposition figures were detained. Mr Mousavi and Mr Karroubi remain under house arrest over a decade later. More recently, there were protests at the end of 2017 and in early 2018 over worsening economic conditions. High levels of unemployment in some parts of the country had hit the relatively young population particularly hard. The wealthier middle classes also joined these protests against the handling of the economy by the government of President Hassan Rouhani, who is considered a moderate. Those taking part shouted slogans against the country's leaders, and calls were heard for the restoration of the monarchy, overthrown in 1979. Protests erupted again in November 2019 after the government announced it was raising petrol prices by 50% as it struggled to cope with economic sanctions reinstated by the US when it abandoned the nuclear deal the previous year. The unrest prompted a bloody crackdown by the security forces. Amnesty International said more than 304 people were killed, but a Reuters news agency report put the death toll at 1,500. The Iranian authorities dismissed both figures. An internet shutdown lasted for some five days, virtually cutting off the country. A feature of these more recent protests is that they have often been leaderless, and fuelled by grassroots anger over inflation, unemployment and widening inequality. However, despite outbreaks of unrest, the government has managed to remain in control, using a combination of severe restrictions on opposition figures and repressive actions. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

ইউক্রেনের আন্তর্জাতিক এয়ারলাইন্সের একটি বিমানকে 'ভুল করে' ভূপাতিত করার কথা স্বীকার করার আগে ইরানের কর্তৃপক্ষ এ নিয়ে 'মিথ্যে' বলায় তেহরান এবং অন্যান্য শহরগুলোতে সরকারবিরোধী বিক্ষোভ চলছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Uighurs enjoyed full rights but "those deceived by religious extremism... shall be assisted by resettlement and re-education", officials said. The rare admission from Beijing - at a UN meeting in Geneva - came in response to concerns that the region "resembles a massive internment camp". Xinjiang has seen intermittent violence - followed by crackdowns - for years. China accuses Islamist militants and separatists of orchestrating the trouble. What did China admit to? China has sent a 50-strong delegation to the two-day meeting of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. On Friday, committee member Gay McDougall said she was concerned by reports that Beijing had "turned the Uighur autonomous region into something that resembles a massive internment camp". In his response, Hu Lianhe, deputy director of China's United Front Work Department of the Communist Party Central Committee, said: "Xinjiang citizens, including the Uighurs, enjoy equal freedom and rights." "The argument that one million Uighurs are detained in re-education centres is completely untrue," he added, before admitting the existence of resettlement or re-education programmes. Correspondents say it is unusual for China to give public explanations about how it deals with the situation in Xinjiang. Meanwhile the state-run English-language Global Times newspaper defended tough security measures in the region, which it said had prevented it from turning into "China's Syria" or "China's Libya". "The turnaround in Xinjiang's security situation has avoided a great tragedy and saved countless lives," it said in an editorial. However, Ms McDougall sought further clarification. "You said I was false on the million, well, how many were there? Please tell me. And what were the laws on which they were detained?" And she went on inquiring how many people were undergoing re-education. Who are the Uighurs? The Uighurs are a Muslim ethnic minority mostly based in China's Xinjiang province. They make up around 45% of the population there. Xinjiang is officially designated as an autonomous region within China, like Tibet to its south. Reports that more and more Uighurs and other Muslim minorities are being detained in Xinjiang have been circulating for some months. Human rights groups including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have submitted reports to the UN committee documenting claims of mass imprisonment, in camps where inmates are forced to swear loyalty to China's President Xi Jinping. The World Uyghur Congress said in its report that detainees are held indefinitely without charge, and forced to shout Communist Party slogans. It said they were poorly fed, and reports of torture were widespread. Most inmates have never been charged with a crime, it is claimed, and do not receive legal representation. China is said to carry out the detentions under the guise of combating religious extremism. The session on Friday coincided with a day of worsening religious tensions elsewhere in China. In the north-western Ningxia region, hundreds of Muslims engaged in a standoff with authorities to prevent their mosque from being demolished. Officials said the newly-built Weizhou Grand Mosque had not been given proper building permits. However, human rights groups say there is increasing official hostility towards Muslims in China, where religious activities remain tightly controlled by the government.

জাতিসংঘ বলছে, চীনে লাখ লাখ উইগুর মুসলিমকে ধরপাকড়ের খবরে তারা উদ্বিগ্ন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The city administration seems to have squandered the opportunity afforded by a stringent nationwide lockdown that lasted more than two months. Lax contact tracing, excessive bureaucracy, poor or no co-ordination with private health services and political wrangles have all led to a surge in numbers. Smaller Indian cities seem to be doing a far better job than the capital, the seat of India’s federal government. The southern city of Bangalore has been lauded for its contact-tracing efforts which have contained the infection, and Chennai (formerly Madras) has had relatively few deaths despite a surge in cases. But much like the financial capital Mumbai, which has also been hit hard by the virus, Delhi has been overrun with cases and its public hospitals, some of the best and biggest in the country, are struggling. This is despite the fact that Delhi is governed by Arvind Kejriwal’s Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), which won a thumping majority earlier this year on the back of strong public services, including healthcare. So, what went wrong? Not enough testing and tracing Delhi’s caseload has risen sharply since the beginning of June - more than 50,000 of its Covid-19 cases were confirmed this month alone. One reason could be increased rate of testing with newly approved antigen kits - a rapid diagnostic test that gives results in as little as a half hour. “Testing is not a panacea,” K Srinath Reddy, president of the Public health Foundation of India and member of the national Covid-19 taskforce, told the BBC. “Of course you must test - but test judiciously, test based on symptoms or other clear criteria.” And that, he adds, is only possible with “early case identification and exhaustive contact tracing” - neither of which has happened. A study on contact tracing by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) found that between January and April, India, on average, tested 20 contacts for every confirmed case. But there were massive discrepancies. While some states such as Karnataka averaged 93 contacts, Delhi tested as few as nine. Read more: In fact, earlier this month, Delhi’s health minister said that officials were tracing only immediate contacts given the high number of cases. But some people have taken to Twitter, alleging that even family members of Covid-positive patients were not being tested, and their neighbourhoods were not being contained. “I know of several instances where families were not contacted after a family member tested positive,” says Malini Aisola, from the All India Drug Action Network, a health sector watchdog. “In many cases, testing of family members did not happen for several days, and only after heavy appeals and insistence to the government.” Delhi has now announced an ambitious slew of measures, including door-to-door screenings of all its 29 million residents, random sampling of 26,000 people across the city, and the use of drones and police to maintain physical distancing. But, experts say, a lot of this should have been done earlier, during the lockdown. And if that had happened, the government would have been able to take swift, informed measures when restrictions started to ease from the third week of May. The government failed to build partnerships “This whole disease is immensely stigmatised. It’s become a law and order enforcement problem rather than a public health issue,” says Dr Ambarish Satwik, a vascular surgeon at Delhi’s Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. Heavy restrictions on testing, poor communication on what happens after you test positive, and the fear of being quarantined in poorly maintained government facilities have all made people reluctant to get tested. “If you get calls from the police, if you get calls from the district surveillance officer saying you’ll get dragged away to some quarantine facility, who would get tested?” Dr Satwik asks. “You would rather wait it out. The process is the punishment.” Despite the huge role private healthcare plays in India, much of the onus has been on understaffed and overstretched government laboratories and public hospitals. This has meant that many people who have symptoms prefer to stay home rather than queue up in long lines at public hospitals. And in recent weeks as stories emerge of Delhi’s hospitals running out of beds or refusing to admit Covid-19 patients, the chaos and anxiety have only increased. On Saturday, Mr Kejriwal blamed the speed at which coronavirus has spread for the burden on Delhi's health system. “Fear and stigma drive the epidemic underground,” Prof Reddy says. He says the government should have co-ordinated better with private players to be able to expand testing and hospitalisation early on, and to control prices. But Delhi’s government has spent weeks sparring with private hospitals over prices, testing criteria and hospital beds. All of this has meant fewer options for patients, leading to what Dr Satwik calls a “systematic disincentivisaiton” for testing. Prof Reddy says the government was also so busy chasing clinical services - tests and hospital treatment - that it ignored basic public health functions. “They should have built a sympathetic environment - primary health teams backed by community health workers to find out who has fever and cough. These teams visiting homes should have enabled patients to be transferred to hospitals.” He says that would have created a clear process and offered reassurance, without which it’s hard to beat a pandemic. “People must have the confidence that they will get the care they need, that they will be treated with empathy,” he says. But the reality was far from that. Delhi has two power centres Delhi’s unusual administrative position only adds to the confusion. Although it’s a state governed by Mr Kejriwal, the lieutenant governor, who represents the federal government, has competing powers. The result has been a series of conflicting orders, issued and then retracted, sometimes in as little as 24 hours - proof of what has always been a testy relationship between Mr Kejriwal and India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who leads the federal government. “We can’t keep swinging between one decision and another amid this daily drama of orders being countermanded and protests being lodged,” Prof Reddy says. He says Delhi, being the capital, should have received the best of attention rather than “falling victim to the complexity of multiple decision-making authorities”. But, some have argued, Delhi’s very role as a power centre has hobbled its response - its bureaucracy, for instance, has made it more opaque, with crucial data often being shared grudgingly. To be fair, this is also a numbers game. Mumbai still has some 500 more active cases than Delhi. The capital is only slightly ahead in confirmed cases - about 5,000 - and could slip to second place again. But either way, Delhi cannot afford to slacken its efforts. “It’s never too late in an epidemic,” Prof Reddy says. “You have to mount a very strong effort even now to contain the infection. You have to do that.”

ভারতের রাজধানী দিল্লি এখন দেশটির সবচাইতে বড় করোনা ভাইরাস হটস্পট। সেখানে ৭৭ হাজারের বেশি মানুষের করোনাভাইরাস ধরা পড়েছে। দিল্লিতে করোনাভাইরাসের বিস্তার থামানোর সুযোগ সেখানকার কর্তৃপক্ষ কিভাবে হাতছাড়া করেছে, তা নিয়ে বিবিসির অপর্ণা আলুরির রিপোর্ট:

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Every country has its own erogenous zones. What many Indians today believe are home-grown ideas of decorum and modesty are in fact British imports - bequeathed to us by the Raj. The earliest representations of women show them with minimal clothing. In sculptures from the Maury and Sunga periods (about 300 BC) - men and women wore rectangular pieces of fabric, on the lower part of the body and one on the upper part. Little else. Images from the Gupta period - about the 7th or 8th Century - show stitched upper garments along with a breast band, as well as a lower garment. Modesty has had different definitions over time and in different regions and communities. It was not always about covering your face and body and in many respects India's hot climate led the way. People just did what was convenient. But the regional variations are interesting. In southern India, even in colonial times, some women did not cover the upper part of their body. And throughout India's history of contact with different cultures - with Greek, Roman, Arab and Chinese influences coming in - fashions and ideas began to change. In the 15th Century we see Muslim and Hindu women wearing different outfits and the influence of the Mughal empire was decisive - they ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th Centuries. I have not seen written codes about how to dress, but Muslim women normally covered themselves and wore divided garments. These outfits gave birth to garments like the salwar kameez - virtually seen as a national dress in India today. In Bengal, in the Victorian era, some women did not wear blouses under their saris - they went bare-breasted. This did not suit Victorian society, which had its own ideas of propriety, and blouses increasingly became the norm. It was Jnanadanandini Debi, the wife of Satyendranath Tagore - brother of the famous Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore - who popularised the blouses, jackets and chemises and the modern style of the sari today after she was reportedly refused entry to clubs under the Raj for wearing the sari fabric over her bare breasts. Tagore is believed to have actively encouraged his wife to adopt Western ideas. The terms "blouse" and "petticoat" - both English - made the leap into Indian vocabulary in the Victorian era. Shirts also came to be worn under the sari as part of high fashion and these rather British innovations are considered traditional garments. Even though it can be revealing, as the crop top leaves the midriff bare, the sari blouse has long been deemed decorous and associated with tradition. In India it was important for a woman to cover her body with a draped fabric here no matter what is underneath. The British influence only became stronger over time. We see different kinds of blouses coming in with sleeve structures, and various necklines. In India, unlike in Britain, there are no written codes of conduct or sumptuary laws about what should be worn. What was considered suitable was spread through word of mouth. So today's guardians of the hemline - who no doubt believe they are safeguarding women by prescribing what women should wear - are following in the footsteps of older political overlords. Indian women now are much freer to do what they want, at least in the cities, yet we see dress codes being set and women condemned for what they wear. Some people even make an association between clothing and rape. These people don't understand that ideas of decency are constantly changing and rape is not a consequence of what women wear but of how certain men think. Our dress is our identity. But what we think of as traditional Indian modesty, can turn out not be not very Indian at all. Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

ভারতে গত সপ্তাহে একজন পুরুষ টেলিভিশনের সেটে অভিনেত্রী গওহর খানকে ‘অল্প পোশাক’ পরার কারণে চড় মেরেছেন।