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দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | From now on the WHO will use Greek letters to refer to variants first detected in countries like the UK, South Africa and India. The UK variant for instance is labelled as Alpha, the South African Beta, and the Indian as Delta. The WHO said this was to simplify discussions but also to help remove some stigma from the names. Earlier this month the Indian government criticised the naming of variant B.1.617.2 - first detected in the country last October - as the "Indian variant", though the WHO had never officially labelled it as such. "No country should be stigmatised for detecting and reporting variants," the WHO's Covid-19 technical lead, Maria Van Kerkhove, tweeted. She also called for "robust surveillance" of variants, and for the sharing of scientific data to help stop the spread. Letters will refer to both variants of concern, and variants of interest. A full list of names has been published on the WHO website. These Greek letters will not replace existing scientific names. If more than 24 variants are officially identified, the system runs out of Greek letters, and a new naming programme will be announced, Ms Van Kerkhove told STAT News in an interview. "We're not saying replace B.1.1.7, but really just to try to help some of the dialogue with the average person," she told the US-based website. "So that in public discourse, we could discuss some of these variants in more easy-to-use language." On Monday, a scientist advising the UK government said the country was in the early stages of a third wave of coronavirus infections, in part driven by the Delta, or Indian variant. It is thought to spread more quickly than the Alpha (UK; Kent) variant, which was responsible for the surge in cases in the UK over the winter. Vietnam, meanwhile, has detected what appears to be a combination of those two variants. On Saturday, the country's health minister said it could spread quickly through the air and described it as "very dangerous". | বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা করোনাভাইরাসের বিভিন্ন ভ্যারিয়েন্টের নামকরণের একটি নতুন পদ্ধতির ঘোষণা দিয়েছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Helen BriggsBBC News Somewhere in China, a bat flits across the sky, leaving a trace of coronavirus in its droppings, which fall to the forest floor. A wild animal, possibly a pangolin snuffling for insects among the leaves, picks up the infection from the excrement. The novel virus circulates in wildlife. Eventually an infected animal is captured, and a person somehow catches the disease, then passes it on to workers at a wildlife market. A global outbreak is born. Scientists are attempting to prove the truth of this scenario as they work to find wild animals harbouring the virus. Finding the sequence of events is "a bit of a detective story", says Prof Andrew Cunningham of Zoological Society London (ZSL). A range of wild animal species could be the host, he says, in particular bats, which harbour a large number of different coronaviruses. So how much do we know about the "spillover event", as it's known in the trade? When scientists cracked the code of the new virus, taken from the body of a patient, bats in China were implicated. The mammals gather in large colonies, fly long distances and are present on every continent. They rarely get sick themselves, but have the opportunity to spread pathogens far and wide. According to Prof Kate Jones of University College London, there is some evidence bats have adapted to the energetic demands of flight and are better at repairing DNA damage. "This might enable them to cope with a higher burden of viruses before getting sick - but this is just an idea at present." There's no doubt that the behaviour of bats allows viruses to thrive. "When you consider the very way that they live, then they are going to have a large array of viruses," says Prof Jonathan Ball from the University of Nottingham. "And because they're mammals there's a possibility that some of them can infect humans either directly or through an intermediate host species." The second part of the puzzle, then, is the identity of the mystery animal that incubated the virus in its body and possibly ended up in the market at Wuhan. One suspect for the smoking gun is the pangolin. The ant-devouring scaly mammal, said to be the most widely trafficked mammal in the world, is threatened with extinction. The animal's scales are in high demand in Asia for use in traditional Chinese medicine, while pangolin meat is considered a delicacy by some. Coronaviruses have been found in pangolins, some claimed to be a close match to the novel human virus. Could the bat virus and pangolin virus have traded genetics before spreading to humans? Experts are cautious about drawing any conclusions. Full data on the pangolin study has not been released, making the information impossible to verify. Prof Cunningham says the provenance and number of pangolins examined for the research is especially important. "For example, were there multiple animals sampled directly in the wild (in which case the results would be more meaningful), or was a single animal from a captive environment or wet market sampled (in which case conclusions about the true host of the virus could not be robustly made)?" Pangolins and other wild species, including a variety of species of bat, are often sold in wet markets, he says, providing opportunities for viruses to move from one species to another. "Wet markets, therefore, create ideal conditions for the spillover of pathogens from one species to another, including to people." The market in Wuhan, which was closed down after the outbreak, had a wild animal section, where live and slaughtered species were on sale, including body parts of camels, koalas and birds. The Guardian reports that an inventory at one shop listed live wolf pups, golden cicadas, scorpions, bamboo rats, squirrels, foxes, civets, hedgehogs (probably porcupines), salamanders, turtles and crocodiles. As far as we know, bats and pangolins weren't listed, but authorities in China will have intelligence on what animals were being sold, says Prof Ball. "If the spillover's happened once, you want to know whether or not this sort of thing can happen again, because it's important from a public health standpoint," he says. "And so you need to know exactly what species of animal it's in and also what were the risks that gave rise to that spillover event." Many of the viruses we have become familiar with in recent years have crossed over from wild animals. This is the story of Ebola, HIV, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) and now coronavirus. Prof Jones says the rise in infectious disease events from wildlife might be because of our increasing ability to detect them, growing connectivity to each other, or more encroachment into wild habitats, thereby "changing landscapes and coming into contact with new viruses the human population hasn't seen before". If we understand the risk factors, we can take steps to prevent it happening in the first place without adversely affecting wild animals, says Prof Cunningham. Conservationists are at pains to point out that although bats are thought to carry many viruses, they are also essential for ecosystems to function. "Insectivorous bats eat huge volumes of insects such as mosquitoes and agricultural pests, while fruit bats pollinate trees and spread their seeds," he says. "It is imperative that these species are not culled through misguided 'disease control' measures." After Sars in 2002-3, caused by a very similar coronavirus to the one now emerging in China and beyond, there was a temporary ban on wild animal markets. But the markets quickly sprang up again across China, Vietnam and other parts of south-east Asia. China has again suspended the buying and selling of wild-animal products, which are commonly used for food, fur and in traditional medicines. Reports suggest this may be made permanent. While we may never know exactly how or where the disease responsible for many deaths made the leap into humans, Prof Diana Bell of the University of East Anglia says we can prevent another "perfect storm". "We are bringing together animals from different countries, different habitats, different lifestyles - in terms of aquatic animals, arboreal animals and so on - and mixing them together and it's a kind of melting pot - and we've got to stop doing it." Follow Helen on Twitter. | পশুপাখি থেকে কিভাবে মানুষের মধ্যে প্রাণঘাতী করোনাভাইরাস ছড়িয়ে পড়লো তার অনুসন্ধান চলছে। বিজ্ঞানীরা কিভাবে সে অনুসন্ধান কাজ করছেন তা জানার চেষ্টা করেছেন হেলেন ব্রিগস। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The activist, 44, was led away by police at passport control at Sheremetyevo airport. Thousands had gathered at a different Moscow airport to greet his flight from Berlin, but the plane was diverted. Mr Navalny blames Russian authorities for the attempt on his life last year. The Kremlin denies any role. The opposition politician's allegations have however been backed up by reports from investigative journalists. News of Mr Navalny's detention prompted condemnation from the European Union, France and Italy, which called for his immediate release. US President-elect Joe Biden's incoming national security adviser echoed the call. "The Kremlin's attacks on Mr Navalny are not just a violation of human rights, but an affront to the Russian people who want their voices heard," Jake Sullivan said. How did events unfold? When Mr Navalny was poisoned last August and collapsed on an internal flight in Siberia, he was flown to Germany for emergency medical treatment. As he recovered, he said he intended to return to Russia. On Sunday he made good on that pledge, boarding a Pobeda Airlines flight despite warnings he would face arrest on landing. The plane was packed with journalists, including Andrey Kozenko of the BBC Russian Service. Shortly before landing, the pilot announced that for "technical reasons", the plane was being diverted from Vnukovo airport to Sheremetyevo airport, causing a stir among the passengers. "I know that I'm right. I fear nothing," Mr Navalny told supporters and the media upon landing, just minutes before he was detained. "Have you been waiting for me long?" he asked border guards. He kissed his wife Yulia - who had flown with him from Germany - after police officers warned they would use physical force if he disobeyed their orders to come with them. Despite pleas, Mr Navalny's lawyer was not allowed to accompany him. The activist is being held at a police station in Moscow. Earlier on Sunday, extra riot police were deployed and metal barriers erected inside Vnukovo airport, where the plane was originally scheduled to land. Russian media reported that a number of activists - including key Navalny ally Lyubov Sobol - had been detained. Why was Navalny detained? In a statement late on Sunday, Russia's prison service said the opposition leader "had been wanted since 29 December 2020 for repeated violations of the probation period". It added that he would remain in custody until a court decision. The authorities accuse him of violating conditions imposed after a conviction for embezzlement, for which he received a suspended sentence. He has always said the case was politically motivated. Separately, Russian prosecutors have launched a new criminal case against Mr Navalny on fraud charges related to transfers of money to various charities, including his Anti-Corruption Foundation. The activist earlier argued that Mr Putin was doing all he could to stop him from returning to Russia by fabricating new cases against him. The Russian authorities often make out that Alexei Navalny isn't popular with the Russian people, that he's no threat to President Putin. But his return home five months after being poisoned sparked a major police operation on Sunday. In chaotic scenes, riot police pushed Mr Navalny's supporters out of the arrivals hall of Vnukovo airport, before the flight was rerouted. Last summer, Russia's most prominent opposition figure was attacked in Siberia allegedly by an undercover hit squad of Russian security agents. His decision to return home is a direct challenge to Vladimir Putin - and creates a dilemma for the Kremlin. It risks turning him into a political martyr, a Nelson Mandela-like figure, and sparking more Western sanctions. Do nothing and the Kremlin's fiercest critic will almost certainly be a thorn in its side in an important election year. What happened to Navalny last year? In August, he collapsed on a plane flying from Tomsk in Siberia to Moscow. The pilot diverted the flight to the city of Omsk, where Mr Navalny was admitted to hospital. Two days later, Russian officials allowed him to be airlifted to Germany in an induced coma for specialised treatment. European experts later said he had been poisoned with the extremely toxic chemical weapon Novichok, developed by Soviet scientists in the Cold War. He was released from a hospital in Berlin in September to continue his recuperation. Mr Navalny said recently he was able to do push-ups and squat exercises, and therefore had probably almost fully recovered. Last month, investigative reporters named three agents of Russia's FSB security service who had travelled to Tomsk at the time Mr Navalny was there, and said the specialist unit had tailed him for years. Mr Navalny then duped an FSB agent named Konstantin Kudryavtsev into revealing details of the operation against him in a phone conversation which he recorded and posted online. The agent told him that the Novichok used to poison him had been placed in his underpants. President Putin has dismissed investigations by the Bellingcat website and other groups that have blamed Russian intelligence agents for the attack as "a trick". He has alleged his rival is backed by US intelligence services. | বিষপ্রয়োগে হত্যাচেষ্টা থেকে বেঁচে যাওয়া পুতিন সরকারের কড়া সমালোচক আলেক্সেই নাভালনিকে আটক করেছে রাশিয়া। তিনি পাঁচ মাস জার্মানিতে কাটিয়ে মস্কো ফেরার সাথে সাথেই তাকে আটক করা হয়। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Flora Carmichael and Jack GoodmanBBC Reality Check 'Altered DNA' claims The fear that a vaccine will somehow change your DNA is one we've seen aired regularly on social media. The BBC asked three independent scientists about this. They said that the coronavirus vaccine would not alter human DNA. Some of the newly created vaccines, including the one now approved in the UK developed by Pfizer/BioNTech, use a fragment of the virus's genetic material - or messenger RNA. "Injecting RNA into a person doesn't do anything to the DNA of a human cell," says Prof Jeffrey Almond of Oxford University. It works by giving the body instructions to produce a protein which is present on the surface of the coronavirus. The immune system then learns to recognise and produce antibodies against the protein. This isn't the first time we've looked into claims that a coronavirus vaccine will supposedly alter DNA. We investigated a popular video spreading the theory back in May. Posts have noted that messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology "has never been tested or approved before". It is true that no mRNA vaccine has been approved before now, but multiple studies of mRNA vaccines in humans have taken place over the last few years. And, since the pandemic started, the vaccine has been tested on tens of thousands of people around the world and has gone through a rigorous safety approval process. Like all new vaccines, it has to undergo rigorous safety checks before it can be recommended for widespread use. In Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials, vaccines are tested in small numbers of volunteers to check they are safe and to determine the right dose. In Phase 3 trials they are tested in thousands of people to see how effective they are. The group who received the vaccine and a control group who have received a placebo are closely monitored for any adverse reactions - side-effects. Safety monitoring continues after a vaccine has been approved for use. Bill Gates and microchip claims Next, a conspiracy theory that has spanned the globe. It claims that the coronavirus pandemic is a cover for a plan to implant trackable microchips and that the Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is behind it. There is no vaccine "microchip" and there is no evidence to support claims that Bill Gates is planning for this in the future. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation told the BBC the claim was "false". Rumours took hold in March when Mr Gates said in an interview that eventually "we will have some digital certificates" which would be used to show who'd recovered, been tested and ultimately who received a vaccine. He made no mention of microchips. This led to one widely shared article headlined: "Bill Gates will use microchip implants to fight coronavirus." The article makes reference to a study, funded by The Gates Foundation, into a technology that could store someone's vaccine records in a special ink administered at the same time as an injection. However, the technology is not a microchip and is more like an invisible tattoo. It has not been rolled out yet, would not allow people to be tracked and personal information would not be entered into a database, says Ana Jaklenec, a scientist involved in the study. The billionaire founder of Microsoft has been the subject of many false rumours during the pandemic. He's been targeted because of his philanthropic work in public health and vaccine development. Despite the lack of evidence, in May a YouGov poll of 1,640 people suggested 28% of Americans believed Mr Gates wanted to use vaccines to implant microchips in people - with the figure rising to 44% among Republicans. Fetus tissue claims We've seen claims that vaccines contain the lung tissue of an aborted fetus. This is false. "There are no fetal cells used in any vaccine production process," says Dr Michael Head, of the University of Southampton. One particular video that was posted on one of the biggest anti-vaccine Facebook pages refers to a study which the narrator claims is evidence of what goes into the vaccine developed by AstraZeneca and Oxford University. But the narrator's interpretation is wrong - the study in question explored how the vaccine reacted when introduced to human cells in a lab. Confusion may have arisen because there is a step in the process of developing a vaccine that uses cells grown in a lab, which are the descendants of embryonic cells that would otherwise have been destroyed. The technique was developed in the 1960s, and no fetuses were aborted for the purposes of this research. Many vaccines are made in this way, explains Dr David Matthews, from Bristol University, adding that any traces of the cells are comprehensively removed from the vaccine "to exceptionally high standards". The developers of the vaccine at Oxford University say they worked with cloned cells, but these cells "are not themselves the cells of aborted babies". The cells work like a factory to manufacture a greatly weakened form of the virus that has been adapted to function as a vaccine. But even though the weakened virus is created using these cloned cells, this cellular material is removed when the virus is purified and not used in the vaccine. Recovery rate claims We've seen arguments against a Covid-19 vaccine shared across social media asking why we need one at all if the chances of dying from the virus are so slim. A meme shared by people who oppose vaccination put the recovery rate from the disease at 99.97% and suggested getting Covid-19 is a safer option than taking a vaccine. To begin with, the figure referred to in the meme as the "recovery rate" - implying these are people who caught the virus and survived - is not correct. About 99.0% of people who catch Covid survive it, says Jason Oke, senior statistician at the University of Oxford. So around 100 in 10,000 will die - far higher than three in 10,000, as suggested in the meme. However, Mr Oke adds that "in all cases the risks very much depend on age and do not take into account short and long-term morbidity from Covid-19". It's not just about survival. For every person who dies, there are others who live through it but undergo intensive medical care, and those who suffer long-lasting health effects. This can contribute to a health service overburdened with Covid patients, competing with a hospital's limited resources to treat patients with other illnesses and injuries. Concentrating on the overall death rate, or breaking down the taking of a vaccine to an individual act, misses the point of vaccinations, says Prof Liam Smeeth of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. It should be seen as an effort by society to protect others, he says. "In the UK, the worst part of the pandemic, the reason for lockdown, is because the health service would be overwhelmed. Vulnerable groups like the old and sick in care homes have a much higher chance of getting severely ill if they catch the virus". Additional reporting by Kris Bramwell, Olga Robinson and Marianna Spring Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter | করোনাভাইরাসের টিকা নিয়ে বহু মিথ্যে গুজব ব্যাপকভাবে প্রচার করা হয়েছে। এর মধ্যে আছে মানুষের শরীরে মাইক্রোচিপ ঢুকিয়ে দেয়ার কথিত ষড়যন্ত্র থেকে শুরু করে মানুষের জেনেটিক কোড পরিবর্তন করে দেয়ার মত তত্ত্ব। বিবিসির রিয়েলিটি চেক টিম এগুলো অসার বলে প্রমাণ করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Rebecca MorelleScience correspondent, BBC News NHS Blood and Transplant is asking some people who recovered from Covid-19 to donate blood so they can potentially assess the therapy in trials. The hope is that the antibodies they have built up will help to clear the virus in others. The US has already started a major project to study this, involving more than 1,500 hospitals. When a person has Covid-19, their immune system responds by creating antibodies, which attack the virus. Over time these build up and can be found in the plasma, the liquid portion of the blood. NHSBT is now approaching patients who have recovered from Covid-19 to see if plasma from them can be given to people who are currently ill with the virus. A statement from the organisation said: "We envisage that this will be initially used in trials as a possible treatment for Covid-19. "If fully approved, the trials will investigate whether convalescent plasma transfusions could improve a Covid-19 patient's speed of recovery and chances of survival. "All clinical trials have to follow a rigorous approval process to protect patients and to ensure robust results are generated. We are working closely with the government and all relevant bodies to move through the approvals process as quickly as possible." What do I need to know about the coronavirus? Are other groups doing this? Several groups in the UK have been looking into using blood plasma. University Hospital of Wales (UHW) in Cardiff announced this week that it wanted to trial the technology. Professor Sir Robert Lechler, president of the Academy of Medical Sciences and executive director of King's Health Partners, which includes King's College London and three major London hospitals, is also hoping to set up another small-scale trial. He wants to use plasma for seriously ill patients that have no other treatment options, while a larger national trial is getting under way. He said: "I would be disappointed if we weren't able to see some patients given this form of therapy within a couple of weeks. Let's hope that the NHSBT national trial gets into gear really quickly." He said the UK had moved slowly to test the treatment. "I think there are many aspects of this pandemic we'll look back on and say, I wonder why we didn't move a little bit faster. I think this could be one of those". What is the situation in the rest of the world? Around the world, trials are now under way to look at using plasma. In just three weeks, scientists in the US have organised a nationwide project and about 600 patients have been treated so far. Prof Michael Joyner, from the Mayo Clinic, is leading the work. He said: "The thing we've learned in the first week of administration is that no major safety signals have emerged and administration of the product does not appear to be causing a whole lot of unanticipated side effects. "There are anecdotal reports of oxygenation improving and other patient improvements. Those are certainly heartening, but they need to be rigorously evaluated." He said the therapy was "rough and ready". "There's a lot we don't understand about the plasma. We're going to learn more about what's in the plasma, the components, the antibody levels, and other factors that may be there as the weeks go on. "But sometimes, as a physician, you just have to try to take a shot on goal when you have a shot." How has this approach helped in previous pandemics? Harnessing the blood of recovered patients is not a new idea in medicine. It was used more than 100 years ago during the Spanish Flu epidemic, and more recently for Ebola and Sars. So far, only small studies have looked at its efficacy, and there is a great deal of research that needs to be done to see how effective it will be against coronavirus. But in the US, they say they have no shortage of people who want to help. Bruce Sachais, chief medical officer at the New York Blood Center, said: "People have been amazing. They keep coming out in droves. "We have hundreds and hundreds of donors and we've been able to collect over 1,000 units already. It's really heart-warming to see that for people who have gone through the infection, in various degrees, their main concern is 'how can I now help others?'" Scientists say plasma won't be a magic bullet. But while our options for treating coronavirus are so limited, the hope is it could help until a vaccine is found. Follow Rebecca on Twitter | করোনাভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত যেসব ব্যক্তি সুস্থ হয়ে উঠেছেন তাদের রক্ত ব্যবহারের মাধ্যমে হাসপাতালে কোভিড-নাইনটিন রোগীদের চিকিৎসা করার পরিকল্পনা করছে ব্রিটেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Padukone was among six people - including two other actresses - to be summoned for questioning over the case. Rajput's girlfriend, Rhea Chakraborty, was arrested earlier this month for allegedly buying drugs for him - claims she has denied. The case has fuelled months of media coverage and speculation in India. The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) widened its investigation of the case on Saturday, questioning Padukone for six hours in Mumbai. Meanwhile, actresses Sara Ali Khan and Shraddha Kapoor were questioned separately at another of NCB's offices. Another actress, Rakul Preet Singh, was questioned on Friday. None have been accused by the authorities of any wrongdoing. Rajput, 34, was found dead in his flat in Mumbai on 14 June. Police at the time said he had killed himself. But his family later registered a police complaint against Chakraborty, accusing her of abetment to suicide and other crimes, all of which she has denied. The case is now being investigated by three federal agencies. With investigators drip-feeding nuggets of information to the media, rumours and conjecture over what happened and who is responsible have been rife. What is the case about? The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) seems to be pursuing two investigations - the first into Rhea Chakraborty, her brother and Rajput's former house manager. All three were arrested for allegedly organising and financing the actor's alleged consumption of cannabis. They have denied any wrongdoing. The second investigation, which followed on from the first, is into claims of widespread drug use in Bollywood, according to local media. Officials have released few details of the investigation, which has only added to media speculation. Within days of Rajput's death, attention switched to Chakraborty, who found herself at the centre of a storm of allegations and conspiracy theories. As part of their investigation, NCB officials said they were looking into WhatsApp chat messages in which Chakraborty allegedly discussed narcotics. While marijuana is illegal in India, a derivative of it - called bhang - is legal and commonly used. What does Deepika Padukone have to do with it? It's not really clear yet. Narcotics officials say their questioning is based on WhatsApp chats involving Padukone and her managers, according to local media reports. But it is still unclear what these messages contain. Some say she is being targeted because in January she visited a university where a group of students had been allegedly attacked by a mob of rival students linked to Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). BJP supporters had accused the actress of trying to attract publicity for her new film and called for people to boycott it. According to the Times of India, officials claim that some drug dealers they questioned have named a few other actresses. Social media users have also been asking why only actresses - and not actors - have been called in for questioning. But a case that began with an investigation into an actor's death has spiralled into something else altogether in the weeks since. With a string of Bollywood insiders now in focus, the media circus around the case has only grown. What has the reaction been? The aggressive approach of television channels has led many to criticise their coverage. Over months, the media have spared none of the people around Rajput - his therapist, friends, family, colleagues and even his former cook have all been sought out for interviews and exclusives. And with a lack of official information, news channels have spent hours dissecting what little detail has been leaked. In an attempt to show that Chakraborty was supposedly involved in Rajput's finances, one television channel tried to interpret alleged messages from her phone. The anchor pointed to one such message, which said "Imma bounce", and concluded that this meant a bounced cheque - much to the amusement of social media users, who quickly pointed out that this was millennial slang for "I'm going to leave". While the unyielding media focus has prompted laughs and memes online, it has also spurred plenty of criticism. Many have questioned whether all the hours spent on this have distracted people from other pressing issues India is battling at the moment - a Covid-19 caseload that is the second-highest in the world, an economy that has sharply contracted and rapidly deteriorating relations with China. | অভিনেতা সুশান্ত সিং রাজপুতের মৃত্যুর ঘটনায় বলিউড তারকা দীপিকা পাডুকোনকে ভারতের মাদক নিয়ন্ত্রণ বিষয়ক দফতর নারকোটিকস কন্ট্রোল বোর্ড জিজ্ঞাসাবাদ করেছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Article 370 is sensitive because it guarantees significant autonomy for the Muslim-majority state. The measure was accompanied by a telecoms and media blackout which began on Sunday evening. There is a long-running insurgency on the Indian side. India and Pakistan fought several conflicts over Kashmir. For many Kashmiris, Article 370 was the main justification for being a part of India and by revoking it, the BJP has irrevocably changed Delhi's relationship with the region, the BBC's Geeta Pandey reports from Delhi. Meanwhile India's parliament is expected to pass a bill splitting Indian-administered Kashmir into two territories governed directly by Delhi. Pakistan condemned India's decision to revoke the special status of its part of Kashmir as illegal, saying it would "exercise all possible options" to counter it. "India is playing a dangerous game which will have serious consequences for regional peace and stability," said Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi. But an Indian government source said there was no external implication as the Line of Control, the de facto border, and boundaries of Kashmir had not been altered. Why are there tensions over Kashmir? During the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947, some expected Jammu and Kashmir, like other Muslim-majority regions, to go to Pakistan. But the ruler of the princely state, who had initially wanted Jammu and Kashmir to become independent, joined India in return for help against an invasion of tribesmen from Pakistan. War broke out between India and Pakistan, and Kashmir effectively became partitioned. The region, which remains one of the most militarised zones in the world, has been a flashpoint between India and Pakistan for more than six decades. Atmosphere of fear By Aamir Peerzada, BBC News, Srinagar By the time we woke up this morning, the internet was gone and we now have no mobile connectivity. If people step out of their homes, they see paramilitary forces on every street. Almost every major road is shut - we are hearing that more troops are being deployed. No-one knows what is happening in other parts of the state - we can't talk to anyone else. People are concerned - they don't know what is happening, they don't know what is going to happen. It's an atmosphere of fear. People are scared to come out, they have stockpiled food for months. Kashmiris have always been willing to defend the state's special status. It looks like a long road ahead, and no-one knows what's next. What is Article 370? In 1949, a special provision was added to India's constitution providing autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir. Article 370 allows the state to have its own constitution, a separate flag and independence over all matters except foreign affairs, defence and communications. Another provision later added under Article 370 - 35A - gives special privileges to permanent residents, including state government jobs and the exclusive right to own property in the state. It is seen as protecting the state's distinct demographic character as the only Muslim-majority state in India. So why is India's move controversial? The move by the Hindu nationalist BJP government prompted outrage in parliament, and some legal experts have called it an attack on the constitution. Critics fear the move is designed to change the demographic make-up of India-administered Kashmir - by giving people from the rest of the country to right to acquire property and settle there permanently. The state's former chief minister, Mehbooba Mufti, told the BBC she felt there was a "sinister design" to the decision. "They just want to occupy our land and want to make this Muslim-majority state like any other state and reduce us to a minority and disempower us totally." Why is the government doing this? The ruling BJP made revoking Article 370 part of the party's 2019 election manifesto - and it won a landslide victory earlier this year. It has argued that Article 370 has prevented the region's development and its integration with India. An Indian government source told journalists the region's special status had discouraged outside investment and affected its economy, while terrorism and smuggling were rife. "A set of anachronistic provisions were not allowing the progress of Kashmir," the source said. "The huge sum of money and resources which were going into the state were not being optimised." How did the government make the change? India's government announced a presidential order revoking all of Article 370 apart from one clause which says that the state is an integral part of India. The order was met by massive protests from the opposition - but has now been signed into law by President Ram Nath Kovind. Prior to the announcement, a telecoms and media blackout began on Sunday evening in the region. The government explained the move as being aimed at pre-empting any violence that the announcement might trigger. Officials said the restrictions would not be in place for long. Parliament is also expected to approve a measure dividing the state into two regions ruled by the central government. One region will combine Muslim-majority Kashmir and Hindu-majority Jammu. The other is Buddhist-majority Ladakh, which is culturally and historically close to Tibet. What has been happening in Kashmir? Indian-administered Kashmir is in a state of lockdown. Curfew-like conditions have been imposed, and orders preventing the assembly of more than four people have been introduced. Tens of thousands of Indian troops were deployed to the region ahead of Monday's announcement and tourists were told to leave under warnings of a terror threat. In the hours before Monday's announcement, two of the state's former chief ministers - Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti - were placed under house arrest. | ভারতীয় সংবিধানের ৩৭০ অনুচ্ছেদ, যেটা কাশ্মীরকে বিশেষ মর্যাদা দেয়, তা বিলোপ করার ঘোষণা দিয়েছে দেশটির সরকার। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Shirley Hellyar, 40, from Glasgow, thought she had beaten cancer and travelled to Newcastle to celebrate. She suffered chest pains while visiting friends in October and was told she had less than five weeks to live. The actress said her family had already lost her brother when he was 16 and added "no parents should have to have funerals for all their children". She was recently cast as a villager in a Netflix production called Outlaw King, starring Hollywood actor Chris Pine, and had said she hoped to see it broadcast. 'Just broke my heart' However, she died on Wednesday - two days before its general release. A statement on her fundraising page said Miss Hellyar "unfortunately passed away in her sleep" at St Oswald's Hospice in Gosforth, Newcastle, surrounded by family and friends. "Shirley was very grateful for everyone's help and donations which made her last few weeks so much better," the statement said. "She said that all the help she had received restored her faith in human kindness. Thank you all once again." Miss Hellyar was first diagnosed with lymphoblastic lymphoma after developing a tumour on her lung in 2017. By September this year, she said the tumour had shrunk and she was well enough to travel to Newcastle where she had lived for years and used to work as a sexual health worker. Just before her death Miss Hellyar said: "My parents have already had to lose a child - they lost my brother [in 1999], so they've had this sad story before. "The idea that again they'd been left in this situation again just broke my heart. Nobody should be planning their own funeral and organising stuff but if I can take the pressure off and make it more bearable for my parents, I'll do that." More than 300 people donated £6,956 to help her parents Elizabeth and Gordon pay for her funeral and help towards their travel costs from Scotland. Many donors left messages of support, while some offered to provide services at the funeral or places for her family to stay in Newcastle. One donor, Martin Robson, said he did not know Miss Hellyar but posted: "I heard your story on Radio Newcastle and was so shocked at your story and how sad it was for you. "I sat there numb and in tears whilst hearing you talk of your cancer, well done for being so brave and I hope the money you raised will give you the beautiful, loving funeral you deserve." Another donor Sharon Rae wrote: "A brave courageous lady. So very sorry to hear of her passing." You may also be interested in: | গুরুতর অসুস্থ একজন নারী, যিনি নিজের শেষকৃত্য অনুষ্ঠানের জন্য প্রায় সাত হাজার পাউন্ড তহবিল সংগ্রহ করেছিলেন, তিনি মারা গেছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | China said the move was in response to the US closing its consulate in Houston, and accused staff in Chengdu of meddling in its internal affairs. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the US decision was taken because China was "stealing" intellectual property. Tensions have been rising between the US and China over several key issues. President Donald Trump's administration has clashed repeatedly with Beijing over trade and the coronavirus pandemic, as well as China's imposition of a controversial new security law in Hong Kong. On Friday, Washington urged China to "cease these malign actions rather than engage in tit-for-tat retaliation". China's move came hours after Mr Pompeo hardened his tone further in a speech on Thursday at the library of former President Richard Nixon, whose 1972 China visit heralded a period of improved relations. "Today, China is increasingly authoritarian at home, and more aggressive in its hostility to freedom everywhere else," Mr Pompeo said. "The free world must triumph over this new tyranny." What has China said? On Friday, China's foreign ministry said it was closing the US consulate in Chengdu after staff there "interfered in China's internal affairs, and endangered China's security and interests". During a news conference, ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin also said the US decision to close the consulate in Houston was based on "a hodgepodge of anti-Chinese lies". He said Mr Pompeo's announcement on Thursday was "filled with ideological bias and a Cold War mentality." "Pompeo made a speech in which he made a malicious attack on the Chinese Communist Party," Mr Wang said, adding: "To this, China expresses strong indignation and resolute opposition." The ministry earlier said that the closure of the US consulate in Chengdu was a "legitimate and necessary response" to the actions taken by the US. "The current situation between China and the United States is something China does not want to see, and the US bears all responsibility for that." China has given the US until Monday to close the consulate in Chengdu, according to the editor of China's Global Times. The mission, established in 1985 and currently having more than 200 staff - 150 hired locally - is seen as strategically important because it allows the US to gather information on the autonomous region of Tibet, where there has been long-running pressure for independence. With its industry and growing services sector, Chengdu also is seen by the US as providing opportunities for exports of agricultural products, cars and machinery. Why did the US order the Chinese consulate to close? On Tuesday, the US government ordered China to close its consulate in Houston, Texas, by Friday. The move came after unidentified individuals were filmed burning paper in bins in the building's courtyard. Mr Pompeo accused China of stealing "not just American intellectual property... but European intellectual property too... costing hundreds of thousands of jobs". "We are setting out clear expectations for how the Chinese Communist Party is going to behave. And when they don't, we're going to take actions," he said. The Chinese consulate in Houston was one of five in the US, along with the embassy in Washington DC. It was not clear why it was singled out. China's foreign ministry spokeswoman said the reasons given by the US for closing the consulate were "unbelievably ridiculous". Hua Chunying urged the US to reverse its "erroneous decision", or China would "react with firm countermeasures". In a further US move, four Chinese nationals have been charged with visa fraud for allegedly lying about their membership of China's armed forces. On Friday, US officials told reporters a Chinese student who fled to China's consulate in San Francisco was now in US custody. Three others were arrested earlier. Separately, a Singaporean man has pleaded guilty at a federal court in Washington to a charge of operating as an illegal agent of the Chinese government, John Demers, assistant attorney general for national security, said on Friday. Jun Wei Yeo, also known as Dickson Yeo, was charged with using his political consultancy in the US as a front to collect information for Chinese intelligence. Why is there tension between China and the US? There are a number of things at play. US officials have blamed China for the global spread of Covid-19. More specifically, President Trump has alleged, without evidence, that the virus originated from a Chinese laboratory in Wuhan. And, in unsubstantiated remarks, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesman said in March that the US military might have brought the virus to Wuhan. The US and China have also been locked in a tariff war since 2018. Mr Trump has long accused China of unfair trading practices and intellectual property theft, but in Beijing there is a perception that the US is trying to curb its rise as a global economic power. The US has also imposed sanctions on Chinese politicians who it says are responsible for human rights violations against Muslim minorities in Xinjiang. China is accused of mass detentions, religious persecution and forced sterilisation of Uighurs and others. Beijing denies the allegations and has accused the US of "gross interference" in its domestic affairs. What about Hong Kong? China's imposition of a sweeping security law there is also a source of tension with the US and the UK, which ruled the territory until 1997. In response, the US last week revoked Hong Kong's special trading status, which allowed it to avoid tariffs imposed on Chinese goods by the US. The US and UK see the security law as a threat to the freedoms Hong Kong has enjoyed under a 1984 agreement between China and the UK - before sovereignty reverted to Beijing. The UK has angered China by outlining a route to UK citizenship for nearly three million Hong Kong residents. China responded by threatening to stop recognising a type of British passport - BNO - held by many of those living in Hong Kong. | চীনের দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলের শহর চেংডুর মার্কিন দূতাবাস বন্ধ করে দেয়ার আদেশ দিয়েছে চীনের কর্তৃপক্ষ। চীন-মার্কিন সাম্প্রতিক দ্বন্দ্বের প্রেক্ষিতে প্রতিশোধমূলক পদক্ষেপ হিসেবে এই সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে চীন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | It comes as the firm attempts to boost its image after its 737 Max plane was grounded last year following two fatal crashes that killed 346 people. The flight took off near Seattle and lasted four hours. Two attempts were called off this week due to high winds. Further tests are needed before the aircraft enters service with Emirates next year. The 252-foot-long passenger plane had been due to launch this year but has been delayed by some technical difficulties. The 777X is a larger and more efficient version of Boeing's successful 777 mini-jumbo. Standout features include folding wingtips and the world's largest commercial engines. "It represents the great things we can do as a company," said 777X marketing director Wendy Sowers. Boeing says it has sold 309 of the plane - worth more than $442 million each at list prices. The plane will go head-to-head with the Airbus A350-1000 which seats about 360 passengers. Boeing has been in crisis since the 737 Max crashes, which occurred within five months of each other - first in Indonesia in October 2018 and then in Ethiopia last March. It is facing multiple investigations amid accusations that it sacrificed safety as it rushed to get its jets to customers. It is attempting to have the plane re-approved for flight. The grounding of the 737 Max, which had been Boeing's best-selling plane, is estimated to have already cost Boeing more than $9bn. | বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে বড় টুইন-ইঞ্জিন বিমান ৭৭৭এক্স-এর পরীক্ষামূলক উড্ডয়ন সফলভাবে সম্পন্ন করেছে বোয়িং। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Jonathan MarcusDefence and diplomatic correspondent Although much remains to be revealed about the incidents, as far as the Trump administration is concerned, the evidence is clear. This inevitably raises questions about what happens next: how might the US respond? The stakes are high. What is the danger of a full-scale air and maritime conflict between Washington and Tehran? The grainy video released by the Pentagon showing what is claimed to be a small Iranian vessel - its crew detaching an unexploded limpet mine from the hull of one of the two tankers attacked on Thursday - is a powerful first salvo in the battle to establish what actually happened. However, in the highly charged environment of the social media age, this is inevitably a struggle as much about perceptions as reality. To their respective camps of critics, both the Iranian and Trump administrations are toxic. Iran has denied from the outset any involvement, as it did with the four limpet-mine attacks on ships off the United Arab Emirates in May. The US has now blamed both episodes on Tehran. And there is a clear danger that this war of words could spill over into outright conflict. Last night, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo swiftly and categorically pointed the finger of blame at Iran. "This assessment," he said, was "based on intelligence, the weapons used, the level of expertise needed to execute the operation, recent similar Iranian attacks on shipping, and the fact that no proxy group operating in the area has the resources and proficiency to act with such a high degree of sophistication." Iran for its part was quick to deny any involvement in the incidents. Indeed it sought to deflect blame by arguing in effect that it was being framed. "Somebody," an Iranian official asserted, "is trying to destabilise relations between Iran and the international community." Odd chronology? On the face of things, the US Navy's video is persuasive. But it still leaves many questions unanswered. It was after all recorded some time after the initial explosions - when the Iranians, it seems, according to the implication of the US narrative - were seeking to remove some of the incriminating evidence. But more needs to be revealed about the chronology of these attacks. When, for example, were the mines actually attached to the vessels? The US has remarkable intelligence gathering capabilities in the region, where there is already a powerful US naval presence. More information will undoubtedly be available and a forensic examination of the damage to the two vessels should also yield further evidence. However, the burden of the US case goes way beyond this most recent attacks. Iran, the Trump administration insists, has form. Mr Pompeo made an expansive case, insisting that "taken as a whole, these unprovoked attacks present a clear threat to international peace and security, a blatant assault on the freedom of navigation, and an unacceptable campaign of escalating tension". These are hefty charges and the question inevitably follows: what is the US prepared to do about it? Concerted diplomatic action might be one approach; an effort to marshal international condemnation together with an effort to further isolate Iran through additional economic sanctions. But there is little doubt that stepped up sanctions, rightly or wrongly, have contributed to the current situation, increasing the pressure on Tehran, perhaps to the extent that some elements in the country - maybe the Revolutionary Guard Corps which maintains autonomous naval forces of its own - has decided to strike back. So now what happens? Could the US seek to take some kind of punitive military response? What will be the view of its allies among the Gulf States and farther afield? And what could be the consequences of military action ? Dangerous times There is a very real danger that Iran, if attacked, could launch a kind of hybrid war - both directly and through its proxies - carrying out sporadic and widely dispersed attacks on shipping and other targets, sending oil prices and insurance premiums up and perhaps encouraging further punitive responses. It is an unpalatable prospect for all concerned, risking dangerous escalation. Nobody really thinks that either Iran or the US wants a full-scale conflict. For the Americans, despite their considerable military power, an air and maritime war against Iran would raise all sorts of dangers. And President Trump, for all his sometimes bellicose rhetoric, has so far proved reluctant to take significant military action abroad. US strikes in Syria during his watch were largely symbolic. The fear now is that Iran, through its own misreading of the situation, may have given the hawkish voices in the US administration the grounds they need to launch some kind of punitive response. The danger, as ever, is for war by accident rather than by design. Tehran and Washington are signalling their resolve to each other, but they may not be receiving quite the messages that each intends. Iran, for example, may see the US build-up in the region partly as bluster and partly as an effort at intimidation in what it sees as its own backyard - intimidation that it is not disposed to accept. Just suppose elements in the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, for example, misunderstand the signals. Suppose they believe that they have much more freedom to assert themselves in Gulf waters than the Americans are prepared to accept. In other words, rather than as they may see it, "pushing at the envelope", they are straying into actions that Washington and its allies will simply not allow to go unpunished, This is a recipe for conflict, intentional or otherwise. These are dangerous times. Many of Washington's allies, like France and Germany, are already urging caution. The British foreign minister said that while the UK trusted the US, it would draw its own conclusion. "We are going to make our own independent assessment, we have our processes to do that," Jeremy Hunt told the BBC's Today programme. "We have no reason not to believe the American assessment and our instinct is to believe it, because they are our closest ally." Mr Trump must weigh up any response carefully. When he first came to office, there were many - even Republican foreign policy experts - who refused to have anything to do with his administration, insisting that his mercurial and erratic approach to foreign affairs would provoke a crisis. For a time, that looked as though it might involve North Korea or maybe even Syria. But each time, the moment of drama passed. Now a fully fledged crisis is facing the White House. How it responds will have crucial implications, not just for the Middle East, but also for the wider pattern of relationships between the US and its traditional partners in the Gulf and elsewhere, many of whom are unsure of how to deal with this president and his unique diplomatic style. | ওমান উপসাগরে দুটি তেলের ট্যাংকারে হামলার ঘটনায়, যুক্তরাষ্ট্র ইরান জড়িত থাকার প্রাথমিক গোয়েন্দা তথ্য দেয়ার পর উপসাগরীয় অঞ্চলে সংকট জোরদার হয়েছে। যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের দাবি, ওই তথ্য প্রমাণ করে যে, বৃহস্পতিবারের হামলায় জড়িত ছিল ইরান। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The annual report to Congress says China is increasing its ability to send bomber planes further afield. The report highlights its increasing military capability, including defence spending estimated at $190bn (£150bn) - a third that of the US. China has not yet commented on the report. What else does the report say? The warning about air strikes is one part of a comprehensive assessment of China's military and economic ambitions. "Over the last three years, the PLA [People's Liberation Army] has rapidly expanded its overwater bomber operating areas, gaining experience in critical maritime regions and likely training for strikes against US and allied targets," the report says. It goes on to say it is not clear what China is trying to prove by such flights. The PLA may demonstrate the "capability to strike US and allied forces and military bases in the western Pacific Ocean, including Guam," the report adds. China, it says, is restructuring its ground forces to "fight and win". "The purpose of these reforms is to create a more mobile, modular, lethal ground force capable of being the core of joint operations," the report says. China's military budget is expected to expand to $240bn over the next 10 years, according to the assessment. It also highlights China's growing space programme "despite its public stance against the militarization of space". In June, President Donald Trump announced his intentions to set up a sixth branch of the US armed forces - a "space force". Where are the areas of tension? The US is concerned about China's growing influence in the Pacific, where Washington still plays a major role. One of the most high-profile areas is the South China Sea, much of it claimed by China and other countries. The US military regularly seeks to demonstrate freedom of navigation by flying over the South China Sea. China has been expanding what appear to be military facilities on islands and reefs in the area, and it has landed bombers on the outposts during training exercises. Another flashpoint is Taiwan, which is seen by China as a breakaway province. The document warns that China "is likely preparing for a contingency to unify Taiwan with China by force". "Should the United States intervene, China would try to delay effective intervention and seek victory in a high-intensity, limited war of short duration," the report says. In a nod to China, the US cut formal ties with Taiwan in 1979 but continues to maintain close political and security ties, which irks Beijing. The US also continues to maintain a substantial military presence in Japan, which has its own territorial disputes with China. Tensions also continue in the non-military sphere. The US and China have announced tariffs on a range of each other's goods. The rise of the maritime militia By Jonathan Marcus, Defence and Diplomatic Correspondent While the bulk of the Pentagon's annual China report focuses on Beijing's rapidly developing military capabilities, the study also looks in some depth at China's little known Maritime Militia. This is an armed civilian reserve force, organised and recruited locally, but according to the Pentagon, the Militia plays a vital role in the South China Sea, spreading Beijing's political goals through operations short of outright war. A large number of Militia vessels support the Chinese Navy and Coast Guard in safeguarding maritime claims, protecting fisheries and so on. The Pentagon study says that the Militia has played a significant role in a number of high-profile incidents, where Chinese vessels have sought to coerce ships from countries with competing maritime claims. This is all part of China's effort to promote so-called "grey operations", designed to frustrate the response of other parties involved and secure its interests across a wide swathe of reefs and island chains. What is being done to defuse tensions? The Pentagon report is at pains to stress that the US "seeks a constructive and results-oriented relationship with China". There is regular contact between US and Chinese military officials. And in June, James Mattis became the first US defence secretary to visit China since 2014. Correction 5 September 2018: This article has been amended after incorrectly stating that Japan has a territorial dispute with the Philippines. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রতিরক্ষা দপ্তর পেন্টাগনের এক রিপোর্টে হুঁশিয়ারি দেয়া হয়েছে যে চীনের সামরিক বাহিনী আমেরিকার বিভিন্ন লক্ষ্যবস্তুতে হামলার জন্য প্রশিক্ষণ নিচ্ছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The measure details how the inquiry will move into a more public phase. It was not a vote on whether the president should be removed from office. This was the first test of support in the Democratic-controlled House for the impeachment process. The White House condemned the vote, which passed along party lines. Only two Democrats - representing districts that Mr Trump won handily in 2016 - voted against the resolution, along with all Republicans, for a total count of 232 in favour and 196 against. The resolution also sets out due process rights for Mr Trump's lawyers under the congressional inquiry. The Republican president is accused of trying to pressure Ukraine into investigating unsubstantiated corruption claims against his political rival, Joe Biden, and his son who worked with Ukrainian gas company Burisma. Mr Trump denies wrongdoing. Republicans have criticised Democrats for the closed hearings - in which Republican lawmakers have also taken part. But Democrats insist they were needed to gather evidence ahead of the public stage of the investigation, and deny allegations they have been secretive. The resolution moves the inquiry to a new phase, which could eventually see articles of impeachment recommended against Mr Trump. If that happened, and the House voted to pass the articles, a trial would be held in the Senate. A historic clash ahead Republicans have been clamouring for weeks for the Democrats to hold a full vote that will formalise the impeachment inquiry in the House of Representatives. Now they got one. It won't alter the dynamic in Washington, however. Republicans will continue to object to what they see as an unfair process with a preordained result. Democrats will push ahead with an investigation that they always intended would culminate in dramatic public hearings and (perhaps) an impeachment vote. This doesn't mean that Thursday's proceedings are meaningless, however. For the first time since 1998, the House is taking a significant step toward impeaching a president. The resolution gives the public some idea what to expect in the days ahead - including lots of Intelligence Committee sparring between Democrats and Republicans, a look at the transcripts from some of the high-profile witness depositions already conducted and, at some point, a formal report that could serve as the basis of articles of impeachment. It's not exactly uncharted territory in US history, but the course being set leads toward a historic clash with the presidency at stake. What does the resolution say? In the first stage, the House Intelligence Committee will hold public hearings in the coming weeks. It will have the right to make public transcripts of depositions taken in private. In the second stage, a public report on the findings will be sent to the House Judiciary Committee which will conduct its own proceedings and report on "such resolutions, articles of impeachment, or other recommendations as it deems proper". President Trump's lawyers will be allowed to take part in the Judiciary Committee stage. Republicans will be able to subpoena documents or witnesses although they could still be blocked as both panels are controlled by Democrats. What's the reaction? House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who is the most senior elected Democrat, said the procedures would allow lawmakers to decide whether to impeach Trump "based on the truth". "I don't know why the Republicans are afraid of the truth," she added. But House Republican leader Kevin McCarthy argued that Democrats are trying to remove Trump "because they are scared they cannot defeat him at the ballot box" in next year's presidential election. White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham said in a statement: "Speaker Pelosi and the Democrats have done nothing more than enshrine unacceptable violations of due process into House rules." What's behind the impeachment inquiry? At the heart of the investigation, which was announced by Mrs Pelosi last month, is a phone call on 25 July between Mr Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. A rough transcript of the call shows Mr Trump asking for an investigation into the Bidens. Joe Biden is a frontrunner in the race for the Democratic nomination ahead of next year's presidential election. The call was the subject of a complaint by a whistleblower, whose identity has been closely protected by lawmakers. What about Thursday's testimony? Tim Morrison, who served as top adviser on Russia and Europe at the National Security Council, has testified to lawmakers. He was one of the officials authorised to listen in on Mr Trump's call with the president of Ukraine. The aide corroborated last week's testimony by Bill Taylor, the top US diplomat in Ukraine, that Mr Trump had tried to use his office to prod Ukraine into investigating Mr Biden. But Mr Morrison, who stepped down on Wednesday, also told the committee: "I want to be clear, I was not concerned that anything illegal was discussed." Meanwhile, House investigators have invited former US National Security Adviser John Bolton to testify on 7 November. Mr Bolton's lawyer said his client was not willing to appear voluntarily. No subpoena requiring him to testify has been issued so far. Mr Bolton had angrily referred to alleged White House political pressure on Ukraine as "a drug deal", according to US media. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্র ডেমোক্র্যাট পার্টির সদস্যরা প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পকে অভিশংসনের জন্য আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে তদন্ত শুরু করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | He was asked to make a statement to MPs after facing Tory calls to apologise for the alleged insult. Mr Corbyn said he was "opposed to the use of sexist and misogynist language in any form" and insisted he had actually said "stupid people". Commons Speaker John Bercow said he had not seen the alleged incident and all MPs had to be taken at their word. But Conservative MPs said they did not believe Mr Corbyn's explanation and repeated calls for an apology from him. Mr Corbyn told the Commons: "During prime minister's question time today, I referred to those who I believe were seeking to turn a debate about the national crisis facing our country into a pantomime as 'stupid people'." "Mr Speaker I did not use the words 'stupid woman' about the prime minister or anyone else," he added. Conservative MP Rachel Maclean responded to his statement by saying: "Read my lips - I don't believe him." The Speaker said he had reviewed television footage of Mr Corbyn's alleged insult, which had not been picked up by the microphones, and it was "easy to see why the leader of the opposition's words might be construed as 'stupid woman'." He had also consulted a "lip speaker", who are employed to interpret lip movements in court rooms and other settings when a lip reader can't get close enough, who had lent weight to that view but had not been conclusive. "Nobody can be 100% certain, that includes professional lip readers. But I will naturally take, and would be expected to take, the word of any right honourable or honourable member. "It's reasonable to expect the House to do the same." He added that Mr Corbyn had been "seated at the time and not addressing the House" so his words had not been "on the record". Mr Bercow was separately accused by Tory MP Vicky Ford of calling her a "stupid woman" on an earlier occasion, as MPs turned the spotlight on the Speaker's own conduct. The Speaker told Ms Ford she had not raised this point with him before, adding: "I refute it 100%" Commons leader Andrea Leadsom had earlier reminded Mr Bercow of his failure to apologise to her for calling her a "stupid woman" during an incident earlier this year. Mr Bercow said he had already dealt with that matter. Mrs Leadsom said viewers and MPs would "draw their own conclusions" after Mr Corbyn's statement. But Tory MP Desmond Swayne said criticising MPs for "what they might say under their breath" was moving "into the realm of thought crime". And Labour MP Laura Pidcock said using the Commons chamber in this way was "absolutely pathetic". How did the row start? Mr Corbyn had clashed with the prime minister over her Brexit deal, calling her decision last week to delay a vote on it a "deeply cynical manoeuvre" from a "failing" prime minister. Mrs May hit back at Mr Corbyn, saying he had not tabled his promised no-confidence motion, and had then tabled one that was ineffective. "I know it's the... pantomime season," she told MPs, "is he going to put a confidence vote? Oh yes he is," she said, prompting backbench Tories MPs to chant "oh no he isn't". Continuing the pantomime theme, she told the Labour leader "look behind you - they are not impressed and neither is the country". Mr Corbyn could be seen saying something under his breath in response. Asked about what he had allegedly said by Tory MP Paul Scully, Mrs May said "I think that everybody in this House," particularly on the 100th anniversary of women getting the vote, should be encouraging women to get involved in politics and "should use appropriate language". Former minister Sir Patrick McLoughlin used a point of order to accuse Mr Corbyn of having "muttered" that Theresa May was a "stupid woman". Cries of "shame" and "disgraceful" were heard from the Tory benches at this point. Sir Patrick added: "Would it not be appropriate for him to come back into this chamber and apologise?" The row continued after Prime Minister's Questions, with a string of female Conservative MPs joining in with calls for an apology. Former minister Anna Soubry suggested Mr Bercow would be more inclined to take action if the words had been uttered by a Conservative frontbencher at a female Labour MP. Veteran Labour MP Margaret Beckett suggested the accusations were party political: Lib Dem MP Wera Hobhouse said: "Sexism in any work place is not acceptable and it is time Jeremy Corbyn left the 1980s behind. "Young women from up and down the country will have watched this exchange today and it is no surprise so many of them are put off participating in politics. If the allegations are true, Jeremy Corbyn must apologise." | ব্রিটেনের প্রধানমন্ত্রী টেরেসা মে'র প্রশ্নোত্তর পর্ব চলার সময় লেবার পার্টির নেতা জেরেমি করবিন তাকে 'স্টুপিড মহিলা' বলেছেন দাবি করে ক্ষমা চাওয়ার দাবি তুলেছেন কনজারভেটিভ এমপিরা। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Chris Bell and Lina ShaikhouniBBC News and BBC Monitoring The policy, which will see women legally allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia for the first time, takes effect in June 2018. The decision was greeted with joy by activists in the Gulf kingdom, many of whom have long campaigned for this change. But in a deeply conservative state there was also anger and disapproval. Early criticism focused on the "dangers" of women drivers. Hashtags such as "the people refuse women driving" were widely shared in the wake of the announcement. Many posts featured images of crashed cars captioned with disparaging remarks about women's driving abilities. But supporters quickly co-opted the hashtags to poke fun at those who had initiated them. Thousands of women celebrated the decision online, sharing pictures of the Saudi king and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The crown prince, who is regarded as the power behind the throne, has promised Saudi women greater freedoms and a more active role in society as part of his Vision 2030 plans. Social media has played a prominent role in campaigners' efforts to drive reform. Many of those activists welcomed the news online. Loujain Al-Hathloul was detained for 73 days after being arrested attempting to drive across the border from the United Arab Emirates in 2014. She documented her experiences on Twitter. Reacting to news of the decree, she tweeted, simply, "Thank God". Manal Al-Sharif, a women's rights advocate involved in the Women2Drive campaign, was arrested for driving in 2011. She welcomed the announcement but said that there was more still to be done. "Today, the last country on earth to allow women to drive. We did it," she tweeted. Ms Sharif, who now lives in Australia, pledged to switch her focus to the kingdom's guardianship laws. Women in Saudi Arabia must have a male guardian - usually their husband or father but sometimes brothers or even sons - from whom they require permission to travel, work or access certain healthcare. Opposition scholar Madawi Al-Rasheed congratulated women's rights activists, but emphasised challenges which still lay ahead. "Without an elected government and political representation, we will not benefit," she said. The decision is the latest step in an apparent relaxation of Saudi Arabia's strict rules governing what women can do - a move that has not been met with universal approval. On Saturday, women's participation in the country's National Day celebrations for the first time was heavily criticised by hardliners, while a cleric was suspended by the government for claiming that women could not drive because they have a quarter of a brain. "What happened during the national day was enough," one social media user said. "The committee [for promoting virtue and preventing vice] was absent and so the dregs of society came out of their dens." | নারীদের গাড়ী চালানোর ওপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা ওঠানোর ব্যাপারে বাদশাহ সালমানের ঘোষণার পর সৌদি আরবে উল্লাস শুরু হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Waiting in the queue, they noticed two body bags on gurneys. Workers at the hospital in the capital, Gandhinagar, said the patients had died of Covid-19. The mother and daughter returned home and told Rajesh Pathak, who edits a local edition of Sandesh, what they that had seen. Mr Pathak called his reporters that evening and decided to investigate further. "After all, the government press statements were showing no Covid-19 deaths for Gandhinagar yet," he said. Only nine deaths from Covid-19 were officially recorded in Gujarat that day. The next day a team of reporters began calling up hospitals treating Covid-19 patients in seven cities - Ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot, Vadodara, Gandhinagar, Jamnagar and Bhavnagar - and kept a tab on deaths. Since then, Sandesh, a 98-year-old Gujarati language newspaper, has published a daily count of the dead, which is usually several times more than the official figure. "We have our sources in hospitals, and the government has not denied any of our reports. But we still needed first-hand confirmation," Mr Pathak says. So the newspaper decided to do some old-fashioned shoe-leather journalism. On the evening of 11 April, two reporters and a photographer staked out the mortuary of the 1,200-bed state-run Covid-19 hospital in Ahmedabad. Over 17 hours, they counted 69 body bags coming out of a single exit before they were loaded into waiting ambulances. Next day, Gujarat officially counted 55 deaths, including 20 from Ahmedabad. On the night of 16 April, the journalists drove 150km (93 miles) around Ahmedabad and visited 21 cremation grounds. There they counted body bags and pyres, examined registers, spoke to cremation workers, looked at "slips" which assigned the cause of death, and took photographs and recorded videos. They found that most of the deaths were attributed to "illness", although the bodies were being handled under rigorous protocols. At the end of the night the team had counted more than 200 bodies. But the next day, Ahmedabad counted only 25 deaths. All of April, Sandesh's intrepid reporters have diligently counted the dead in seven cities. On 21 April, they counted 753 deaths, the highest single-day tally since the deadly second wave washed over the western state. On a number of other days, they counted in excess of 500 deaths. On 5 May, the paper counted 83 deaths in Vadodara. The official figure was 13. The Gujarat government denies under-counting and says it is following federal protocols. But reportage by other newspapers has stood up the alleged under-counting. The English language Hindu newspaper, for example, reported it had information that 689 bodies were cremated or buried in the seven cities following Covid-19 protocols on 16 April, when the official death toll for the entire state was 94. Some experts reckoned that last month alone Gujarat might have under-counted Covid-19 deaths by a staggering factor of 10. With the pandemic forcing people to stay away from the rituals of grief, newspapers were overflowing with obituaries. And some of the obituaries appeared to point to the under-counting that was taking place: The number of funerals at a cremation ground in Bharuch district on Saturday also did not tally with the official death statistic, according to this report in Gujarat Samachar, another leading local newspaper: Gujarat has so far officially registered more than 680,000 Covid-19 infections and over 8,500 deaths. Under-counting of deaths have been reported from several Indian cities badly hit by the pandemic. But the scale of Gujarat's under-counting appears to be massive, and has even provoked the state's high court to admonish the state government, run by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's ruling BJP. "The state had nothing to gain by hiding the real picture and hence suppression and concealment of accurate data would generate more serious problems including fear, loss of trust, panic among the public at large," the judges said in April. Many believe that most Covid-19 deaths are being attributed to the patient's underlying conditions or co-morbidities. A senior bureaucrat, who preferred to remain unnamed, told me only patients testing positive for the virus and dying of "viral pneumonia" were being counted as Covid-19 deaths. Chief minister Vijay Rupani says "every death is being investigated and recorded by a death audit committee". To be sure, counting bodies at mortuaries or cremation grounds and tallying them with official figures for the day can be imprecise as official statistics come with a time lag, according to Prabhat Jha of the University of Toronto, who led India's ambitious Million Death Study. Countries such as UK have reduced the official death toll from coronavirus after a review of how deaths are counted. Covid-19 deaths have been under-reported by as much as 30 to 40% worldwide, studies have shown. "Reporting and recording systems are swamped during a pandemic, so officials often take time to update [numbers]. But update they must, and record all the deaths. Counting body bags at hospitals and cremation grounds is a good way to put pressure on authorities to come clean," Dr Jha says. For the journalists, it has been a harrowing experience. Hitesh Rathod, a photographer at Sandesh, recounted the harrowing experience of counting the dead. "People were getting admitted and coming out as body bags," he said. He found six-hour-long queues of bodies at crematoria, which he says reminded him of the "long queues of people outside banks after demonetisation," Mr Modi's controversial 2016 ban on high denomination currency. "Five years later, I found similar queues outside hospitals, mortuaries and cremation grounds. This time there were queues of the people struggling to stay alive and queues of the dead," he said. Ronak Shah, one of Sandesh's reporters, says he was shaken up by the wails of three young children piercing the still night when the hospital's PA system announced the death of their father. "The children were saying they had come to the hospital to pick up their father and go home. They returned with his corpse seven hours later," Mr Shah says. Dipak Mashla, who led the team to the cremation grounds, says he returned home "scared and shaken". "I saw parents come with body bags of their dead children, pay money to the funeral worker and tell them, 'Please take my child and burn him'. They were too scared to even touch the corpse." Imtiyaz Ujjainwala, another reporter on the team, believes the scale of under-counting has been considerably more, considering he and his colleagues only counted bodies from one hospital. There were more than 171 private hospitals treating Covid-19 patients in Ahmedabad, he said. "And nobody is counting there." Read more of our Covid coverage | ভারতের পশ্চিমাঞ্চলীয় রাজ্য গুজরাটের একটি শীর্ষস্থানীয় পত্রিকার সম্পাদকের স্ত্রী এপ্রিলের ১ তারিখে তার মেয়েকে কোভিড-১৯ টেস্ট করানোর জন্য এক সরকারি হাসপাতালে নিয়ে যান। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Shots were fired at the Quebec Islamic Cultural Centre on Sunday night, where more than 50 people had gathered for evening prayers. One suspect was arrested at the scene and another was arrested nearby. Police do not believe there are other suspects at large. The Canadian authorities are treating the shooting as a terror attack. "We condemn this terrorist attack on Muslims in a centre of worship and refuge," Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said in a statement. "Muslim-Canadians are an important part of our national fabric, and these senseless acts have no place in our communities, cities and country." Quebec Premier Philippe Couillard also referred to the shooting as a terrorist attack. The dead were aged between about 35 and 70 years old, police spokeswoman Christine Coulombe said. Some of those injured were in a serious condition, she said. Police said the area was secure and the situation was "under control". Thirty-nine people had left the mosque safely, they said. The Quebec authorities have not identified the suspects, but Radio Canada quoted a source close to the investigation as saying that they were students at Laval University in Quebec City and one was of Moroccan origin. An eyewitness told the radio station that two hooded people had burst into the mosque. One opened fire on those praying and shouted "Allahu Akbar", Arabic for "God is Great". One of the suspects fled the scene in a vehicle but was arrested on a bridge leading to Orleans Island, local media reported. The suspect had called the police himself, Radio Canada said. Automatic weapons and handguns were recovered by police, Journal de Quebec reported. The president of the mosque, Mohamed Yangui - who was not inside at the time - said the shooting had happened in the men's section of the mosque. "Why is this happening here? This is barbaric," he said. On its Facebook page the centre thanked the public "for the hundreds of messages of compassion". In June last year the same mosque was the target of an Islamophobic incident when a pig's head was left in front of the building, with a card saying "bonne appetit". Eating pork is forbidden in Islam. | কানাডার কুইবেক সিটির একটি মসজিদে বন্দুকধারীর গুলিতে অন্তত ৬ জন নিহত হয়েছেন বলে জানা যাচ্ছে। আহত হয়েছেন আরও ৮ জন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) said a further 119 skulls had been uncovered. The tower was discovered in 2015 during the restoration of a building in the Mexican capital. It is believed to be part of a skull rack from the temple to the Aztec god of the sun, war and human sacrifice. Known as the Huey Tzompantli, the skull rack stood on the corner of the chapel of Huitzilopochtli, the patron of the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs were a group of Nahuatl-speaking peoples that dominated large parts of central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Their empire was overthrown by invaders led by the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés, who captured Tenochtitlan in 1521. A similar structure to the Huey Tzompantli struck fear in the soldiers accompanying the Spanish conqueror when they invaded the city. The cylindrical structure is near the huge Metropolitan Cathedral built over the Templo Mayor, one of the main temples of Tenochtitlan, now modern day Mexico City. "The Templo Mayor continues to surprise us, and the Huey Tzompantli is without doubt one of the most impressive archaeological finds of recent years in our country," Mexican Culture Minister Alejandra Frausto said. Archaeologists have identified three construction phases of the tower, which dates back to between 1486 and 1502. The tower's original discovery surprised anthropologists, who had been expecting to find the skulls of young male warriors, but also unearthed the crania of women and children, raising questions about human sacrifice in the Aztec Empire. "Although we can't say how many of these individuals were warriors, perhaps some were captives destined for sacrificial ceremonies," said archaeologist Raul Barrera. "We do know that they were all made sacred," he added. "Turned into gifts for the gods or even personifications of deities themselves." | মেক্সিকো সিটির একটি এলাকায় প্রত্নতত্ত্ববিদেরা এমন একটি উঁচু ভবনের খোঁজ পেয়েছেন যেটি মানুষের মাথার খুলি দিয়ে নির্মিত। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | AstraZeneca described it as a "routine" pause in the case of "an unexplained illness". The outcome of vaccine trials is being closely watched around the world. The AstraZeneca-Oxford University vaccine is seen as a strong contender among dozens being developed globally. Hopes have been high that the vaccine might be one of the first to come on the market, following successful phase 1 and 2 testing. Its move to Phase 3 testing in recent weeks has involved some 30,000 participants in the US as well as in the UK, Brazil and South Africa. Phase 3 trials in vaccines often involve thousands of participants and can last several years. The New York Times is reporting a volunteer in the UK trial has been diagnosed with transverse myelitis, an inflammatory syndrome that affects the spinal cord and can be caused by viral infections. However, the cause of the illness has not been confirmed and an independent investigation will now work out if there was any link to the vaccine. Decision on restarting trial could be days away At first glance this may seem alarming. A vaccine trial - and not just any vaccine, but one receiving massive global attention - is put on hold due to a suspected serious adverse reaction. But such events are not unheard of. Indeed the Oxford team describe it as "routine". Any time a volunteer is admitted to hospital and the cause of their illness is not immediately apparent it triggers a study to be put on hold. This is actually the second time it has happened with the Oxford University/AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine trial since the first volunteers were immunised in April. An Oxford University spokesperson said: "In large trials, illnesses will happen by chance but must be independently reviewed to check this carefully." A final decision on restarting the trial will be taken by the medical regulator the MHRA, which could take only days. But until then all international vaccination sites, in the UK, Brazil, South Africa and the USA are on hold. The Oxford University team believe this process illustrates that they are committed to the safety of their volunteers and the highest standards of conduct in their studies. Wellcome Trust director Sir Jeremy Farrar, an expert in infectious disease control, said there were often pauses in vaccine trials and it was important any adverse reactions were taken seriously. "It is crucial that all that data is shared openly and transparently because the public must have absolute trust that these vaccines are safe and effective and, in the end, will hopefully bring the pandemic to a close," Sir Jeremy added. UK experts have said a temporary pause could be seen as a good thing because it showed the researchers are prioritising the safety of vaccine above everything else. People can develop side-effects from taking any drug but they can also fall ill naturally. Where are we in the search for a vaccine? US President Donald Trump has said he wants a vaccine available in the US before 3 November's election, but his comments have raised fears that politics may be prioritised over safety in the rush for a vaccine. On Tuesday, a group of nine Covid-19 vaccine developers sought to reassure the public by announcing a "historic pledge" to uphold scientific and ethical standards in the search for a vaccine. AstraZeneca is among the nine firms who signed up to the pledge to only apply for regulatory approval after vaccines have gone through three phases of clinical study. Industry giants Johnson & Johnson, BioNTech, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Merck, Moderna, Sanofi and Novavax are the other signatories. They pledged to "always make the safety and well-being of vaccinated individuals our top priority". The World Health Organization (WHO) says nearly 180 vaccine candidates are being tested around the world but none has yet completed clinical trials. The organisation has said it does not expect a vaccine to meet its efficacy and safety guidelines in order to be approved this year because of the time it takes to test them safely. Similar sentiments have been shared by Thomas Cueni, director-general of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers. The industry body represents the companies that signed the pledge. Despite this, China and Russia have begun inoculating some key workers with domestically developed vaccines. All of them are still listed by the WHO as being in clinical trials. Meanwhile, the US national regulator, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has suggested that coronavirus vaccines may be approved before completing a third phase of clinical trials. Last week it also emerged that the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had urged states to consider waiving certain requirements in order to be ready to distribute a potential vaccine by 1 November - two days before the 3 November presidential election. Although President Trump has hinted that a vaccine might be available before the election, his Democratic rival Joe Biden has expressed scepticism that Mr Trump will listen to scientists and implement a transparent process. | অক্সফোর্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় এবং ওষুধ প্রস্তুতকারী প্রতিষ্ঠান অ্যাস্ট্রাজেনেকা মিলে করোনাভাইরাসের যে টিকাটির চূড়ান্ত পরীক্ষা করছিল, একজন অংশগ্রহণকারী অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়ার পর সেটি স্থগিত করা হয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Damien McGuinnessBBC News, Berlin Go around the back, however, head up a few flights of stairs and you come to a simple white room, with shoes neatly laid out at the entrance and patterned prayer rugs folded away in a corner. That is because this is a mosque. The room is being rented from the parish, while the church remains active. But the mosque is not unusual because of its location. Rather, because of the people who come here. At Berlin's newest mosque, men and women pray together, women are allowed to lead Friday prayers, and gay, lesbian and transgender people are welcome. "Our mosque is open for everybody," says mosque founder Seyran Ates, a German Turkish-born lawyer and women's rights activist. "And we mean that really seriously: everybody, every lifestyle. We are not God. We don't decide who's a good or a bad Muslim. Anybody can come through this door - whether you are heterosexual or homosexual, we don't care, it's not our right to ask." Reforming Islam The Ibn Rushd-Goethe mosque is part of a growing movement known as inclusive Islam. There are now liberal Muslim communities and inclusive mosques all over the world - some in private homes, others in changing locations - but Ms Ates says the Berlin mosque is a major step forward for inclusive Islam, because it is the first permanent liberal mosque, with a sign on the door, open to anyone. "What we did new, is that this is a fixed place. And it's not a place where only people come who know each other. It's not a closed club. We are open. We tell everybody, here is a place you can come to." One of the first inclusive mosques was set up in Paris in 2012 by Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed, a gay imam from Algeria who now lives in France with his male civil partner. He is working with Ms Ates to help set up inclusive mosques elsewhere, including in Britain. "Europe is the place where we can work on, what we consider to be, the reform of Islam," he tells me during a visit to the new mosque in Berlin. "Because we have freedom of speech and democracy and education and welfare." I ask him what he would say to Muslims who believe that homosexuality is a sin. "To those who are Muslim and believe you can't be gay or an emancipated woman at the same time as being Muslim, I would say: you can't be homophobic, misogynistic, Judeophobic and pretend to be Muslim," he replies. "Because Islam means being at peace with yourself and others. So that would be an oxymoron, it would be a contradiction." 'A new thing for me' The mosque is controversial. Ms Ates has received hundreds of death threats from extremists, mainly from Turkey and the Arab world. Some were sparked by a fake news report on Turkish TV, showing pictures of the Koran being trodden on in her mosque. In fact, she says, the Koran was thrown on the floor and stepped on by the Turkish journalists who came to the mosque to film the report. She has also received threats because of accusations from Turkish officials that she supports Islamic preacher Fethullah Gulen, who is accused by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of staging last year's failed coup in Turkey. As a result of these threats, the police protection she was already living under has been stepped up. The Turkish religious authority Diyanet and Egyptian officials have said that what is practised in the mosque is "not Islamic." Even some Muslims who condemn the death threats do not necessarily agree with her. Opa, a Muslim visiting Germany from Gambia, admits he struggles with the idea of men and women worshipping together. Mixed prayers could be distracting for worshippers, he says. "I was surprised when they told me, that men and women join together and they pray, because normally men are in front, the women are behind. They have a barrier, so they can't see each other," he says. "This is a new thing for me." 'Why should I judge?' Inside the mosque I meet Miriam, who is leading a study group on how to recite the Koran. She patiently explains the correct pronunciation of the verses to Laqa, a man from Pakistan who has lived in Berlin for 28 years. She tells me that the main point of the mosque is tolerance of each other's view of Islam. I ask her whether she has different views to those of Ms Ates. "That's an easy one," she laughs, pointing to her head. "I wear the headscarf and she interprets that in a different way, but she says she doesn't want a 'Seyran Ates mosque'. She wants a mosque for everyone. Actually I don't want to cling to names, like liberal or conservative. It's about tolerance, and tolerance is very deep in my religion." This is the origin of our religion, adds Laqa. "We are all equal, whatever you look like, or whatever colour skin you have, whether you're gay or lesbian," he says. "I can't know whether they have a better connection to God than me. Why should I judge that? I can't. I shouldn't." It is clear that this mosque is about much more than debates on liberal versus conservative, or whether women should wear headscarves or not. For Ms Ates it is about a revolution in Islam. "That conservatives and orthodox accept us, as we have to accept them; that we can come together in peace; that all of kinds of Islam accept each other - that's my dream," she says. | লাল-ইট পেঁচানো দালান, স্টেইনড-গ্লাসের জানালাখচিত সেন্ট জোহানেস দেখতে অনেকটা ঊনবিংশ শতাব্দীর প্রোটেস্ট্যান্ট গির্জার মতো। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Mr Trump, aged 74 and therefore in a high-risk group, wrote on Twitter: "We will get through this together." The president has "mild symptoms" of coronavirus, White House officials say. Mr Trump's announcement comes just over a month before the presidential elections on 3 November, where he faces Democratic challenger Joe Biden. The development comes after Hope Hicks, one of Mr Trump's closest aides, tested positive. In a tweet, Mr Biden and his wife Jill wished the first couple a swift recovery: "We will continue to pray for the health and safety of the president and his family," he said. It is not clear whether Mr Biden is also being tested, and whether he will continue his campaign on Friday with a scheduled visit to Michigan. He stood approximately 10ft (3m) away from Mr Trump during the debate. Debate moderator Chris Wallace said on Friday he was getting tested. A person is required to self-isolate after either showing coronavirus symptoms or a positive test. Meanwhile, quarantine restricts the movements of those who have been in contact with an infected person, but are not themselves positive or symptomatic. Mr Trump has mostly spurned mask-wearing and has often been pictured not socially distanced with aides or others during official engagements. The coronavirus has infected more than 7.2 million Americans, killing more than 200,000 of them. What do we know about Mr Trump's health? Mr Trump's physician, Dr Sean Conley, released a statement late on Thursday, saying the president and the first lady were "both well at this time, and they plan to remain at home within the White House during their convalescence". "Rest assured I expect the president to continue carrying out his duties without disruption while recovering, and I will keep you updated on any future developments," the statement said. The physician provided no further details. However, White House officials and US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin later said Mr Trump was experiencing mild Covid-19 symptoms. According to Mr Trump's most recent physical examination earlier this year, he weighed 244lbs (110.7kg). This is considered to be obese for his height of 6ft 3ins. But Dr Conley stated at the time that the president "remains healthy". Mr Trump will also have the best medical care available. America's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says a person must self-isolate for 10 days after a positive test. Is Mr Trump at particular risk because of his age? It is dangerous to speculate about how the virus will affect any individual person. There are clear risk factors - the older you are, the greater the risk of a coronavirus infection becoming life-threatening. People aged 64-74 with Covid in the US are five times more likely to need hospital care and 90 times more likely to die than somebody in their 20s. The CDC says eight out of 10 Covid deaths in the country have been in the over-65s. The virus also seems to hit men and people who are overweight harder. But that is the big picture - a pattern seen across the whole population - it is not a way of saying this is what will happen to the US president. The health of any two 74-year-olds can be wildly different and other medical conditions massively alter how big a threat this virus poses. Earlier on Thursday, Mr Trump said he and his wife, who is 50, were going to self-isolate after Ms Hicks's positive test. He tweeted: "Hope Hicks, who has been working so hard without even taking a small break, has just tested positive for Covid 19. Terrible! "The First Lady and I are waiting for our test results. In the meantime, we will begin our quarantine process!" According to Bloomberg News, Ms Hicks is experiencing symptoms of the disease. It is not clear how Mr Trump's positive test will affect arrangements for the second presidential debate, which is scheduled for 15 October in Miami, Florida. Mr Trump is not the first world leader to have tested positive. Earlier this year, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Brazil's President Jair Bolsonaro were infected. They both have since recovered, although Mr Johnson had to receive regular oxygen treatment to help his breathing during hospitalisation. What does this mean for the US election? A week after Donald Trump told Americans not to worry about Covid-19 because "it affects virtually nobody" except the elderly and those with heart conditions, the president himself has tested positive for the virus. It is difficult to overstate exactly how earth-shaking a development this is, just 32 days before the US elections. The president will have to quarantine for treatment. Campaign rallies are off. The next presidential debate, in two weeks, is in question. The recurring message from the president, that the nation is "rounding the turn" in its handling of the virus, has been undermined by his own illness. Just two days ago, during the first debate, Trump belittled his Democratic opponent, Joe Biden, for frequently wearing masks and not having campaign rallies that matched his own in size. Now, the White House and the campaign will have to answer why the president took such a seemingly cavalier attitude toward protecting himself - and how many others in the White House and the higher echelons of the US government may have been exposed. During times of national turmoil, the American public tends to rally in support of the president. It may not be enough to insulate him from the questions that follow, however. Who else has been tested? Vice-President Mike Pence and his wife were tested on Friday morning, and the results were negative, Mr Pence's press secretary Devin O'Malley tweeted. Later on Friday, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who would in theory take charge of government if both the president and vice-president were incapacitated, said she had been tested on Friday morning and had not yet received the results. Ms Pelosi, a Democrat, said "continuity plans were in place", but she herself had not been contacted by the White House about this. Other members of the Trump family - his daughter Ivanka, son Barron and son-in-law Jared Kushner - have all tested negative. Several White House officials have been infected previously. In May, vice-presidential spokeswoman Katie Miller tested positive, as well as a member of the US Navy who was serving as one of Mr Trump's personal valets. National Security Adviser Robert O'Brien, a number of Secret Service agents, a Marine One pilot and a White House cafeteria worker have also tested positive. The White House tests aides and anyone else who comes into contact with the president daily. How have the US and the world reacted? In a tweet, US Vice-President Mike Pence and his wife Karen wished the presidential couple well: Boris Johnson wrote on Twitter: "My best wishes to President Trump and the First Lady. Hope they both have a speedy recovery from coronavirus." Other world leaders, including Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Israeli counterpart Benjamin Netanyahu, also sent messages of support to the couple. | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন যে তিনি এবং ফার্স্ট লেডি মেলানিয়া ট্রাম্প করোনাভাইরাস পজিটিভ হিসেবে শনাক্ত হয়েছেন এবং তারা দুজন এখন কোয়ারেন্টিনে আছেন। মি. ট্রাম্প এক টুইট বার্তায় এই তথ্য নিশ্চিত করেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | In an interview with Fox & Friends, he said the market would crash and "everybody would be very poor". He was speaking after Michael Cohen, his ex-lawyer, pleaded guilty to violating election laws and said he had been directed to do so by Mr Trump. Mr Trump has rarely spoken about the prospect of being impeached. Correspondents say it is unlikely Mr Trump's opponents would try to impeach him before November's mid-term elections. Why does Trump say the market would crash? "I don't know how you can impeach somebody who's done a great job," Mr Trump told Fox and Friends. "I tell you what, if I ever got impeached, I think the market would crash, I think everybody would be very poor." Pointing to his head, he said: "Because without this thinking, you would see numbers that you wouldn't believe in reverse." What did he say about hush money? Cohen says he handled hush money payments to two women during the 2016 presidential campaign. The two women, thought to be porn star Stormy Daniels and former Playboy model Karen McDougal, both claimed they had affairs with Mr Trump, Under oath, Cohen said he had paid the money "at the direction" of Mr Trump, "for the principal purpose of influencing the election". However, Mr Trump insisted the two payments had not broken election campaign rules. He said that the payments had come from him personally, not from the campaign, but he had not known about them until "later on". In July, Cohen released audio tapes of him and Mr Trump allegedly discussing one of the payments before the election. The president also accused Cohen of making up stories to receive a lighter sentence. He added: "And by the way, he pled to two counts that aren't a crime, which nobody understands. "In fact, I watched a number of [TV] shows. Sometimes you get some pretty good information by watching shows. Those two counts aren't even a crime. They weren't campaign finance." Later, US media reported that prosecutors in the Cohen case had granted federal immunity to the chairman of the company that publishes the National Enquirer tabloid, David Pecker. In the lead-up to the 2016 presidential election, Ms McDougal sold her story to the Enquirer, which is owned by a personal friend of Mr Trump. She says the $150,000 (£115,000) agreement gave the tabloid exclusive story rights and banned her from talking publicly about the alleged affair. The Enquirer did not publish her kiss-and-tell, and she says she was tricked. So did the payments break campaign rules? The hush money payments were not reported to the Federal Election Commission during the campaign. The question is whether the payments were made to protect Mr Trump's personal reputation or to protect his image as a presidential candidate. Under US election rules, any payments made with the aim of influencing a vote must be reported. For more on this story: If Mr Trump were to be prosecuted over the money - not through the normal courts, because he is the sitting president, but conceivably in Congress, through an impeachment process - investigators would have to prove that he had indeed given the money to Cohen for electoral reasons. How has Trump contradicted himself? In his first public comments, back in April, about his alleged affair with Stormy Daniels, Mr Trump denied knowing about the $130,000 (£100,000) payment made to the actress via Cohen. Ms Daniels, whose real name is Stephanie Clifford, alleges that she and Mr Trump had sex in a hotel room in 2006. Asked by a reporter in the press cabin of Air Force One if he had any knowledge about where Cohen had got the money to pay Ms Daniels, the president responded at the time: "I don't know." The following month, Mr Trump officially disclosed a payment to Cohen of between $100,001 and $250,000 for expenses incurred in 2016. What happens next? Analysis by Chris Buckler, BBC News, Washington A president who often seems defiant and even dismissive is for the moment on the defensive. It is a sign of the pressure on Donald Trump that he is not only having to answer questions about the possibility of impeachment, but having to make economic arguments against it. Control of Congress has now become a crucial issue because the House of Representatives would need to vote to impeach a sitting president. For the moment he is protected by the dominance of the Republicans in Congress, but the party looks nervous and unsettled after a week that has truly rocked Washington. Two former members of the president's inner circle being convicted of serious crimes would be scandal enough, but to have one of them point a finger of blame directly at Mr Trump makes this a truly trying time. Some of his answers in the Fox and Friends interview were less than convincing, particularly as he tried to distance himself from his former personal lawyer Michael Cohen and the payments he arranged. However, past experience has shown that it takes a lot to shake the belief and devotion of Mr Trump's supporters. | আমেরিকান প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প এই বলে হুঁশিয়ারি দিয়েছেন যে তাকে ইমপিচ বা অভিশংসন করার যে কোনও প্রচেষ্টা হলে মার্কিন অর্থনীতি মুখ থুবড়ে পড়বে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The agency said that deaths rose by more than 5,500, bringing the global total to 917,417. The biggest increases in infections were reported in India, the US and Brazil. Worldwide there have been more than 28 million confirmed cases, half of which have been in the Americas. The previous one-day record for new cases was on 6 September when the WHO reported 306,857 new infections. Where are cases rising most steeply? According to the WHO, India reported 94,372 new cases on Sunday, followed by the US with 45,523 and Brazil with 43,718. More than 1,000 new deaths were recorded in the US and India while Brazil said 874 people had died from Covid-19 related illness in the past 24 hours. India has the second largest number of confirmed cases in the world, behind the US. Last week it reported nearly two million Covid-19 cases in August, the highest monthly tally in the world since the pandemic began. The country saw an average of 64,000 cases per day - an 84% hike from average daily cases in July, according to official data. The death toll has topped 1,000 every day since the beginning of September. Brazil has recorded more than four million cases, the third highest in the world. It has the highest number of deaths in Latin America, with about 131,000 so far. The US has recorded almost a quarter of the world's total number of coronavirus cases - more than six million. It saw an increase in the number of daily cases in July, but the numbers have fallen since then. The US has the world's highest recorded death toll from Covid-19, with more than 194,000 fatalities. What's the situation elsewhere? Countries across Europe are recording a rising number of daily cases amid fears of a resurgence of the virus. Local lockdowns have been imposed in the worst-affected regions, and there have been renewed appeals for people to wear face coverings and follow social distancing rules. Other countries that have seen a resurgence of the virus include Peru, Israel, South Korea and Australia. On Sunday, police in the Australian state of Victoria arrested more than 70 protesters for flouting stay-at-home orders. About 250 people had attended the protest in the city of Melbourne, which was promoted by social media groups sharing conspiracy theories about the pandemic. Victoria has been the epicentre of Australia's outbreak, accounting for 75% of cases and 90% of deaths. Neighbouring New Zealand is to lift coronavirus restrictions - apart from in the largest city of Auckland - on 21 September, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced on Monday. The country has had great success containing coronavirus but restrictions were imposed on Auckland last month after a number of new infections were identified. Israel, meanwhile, is to impose a new nationwide lockdown as coronavirus cases there continue to rise. Tough restrictions will come into effect on Friday - Jewish new year - and will last at least three weeks, authorities said. Israel has seen more than 153,000 confirmed infections and 1,108 deaths from Covid-19, according to a tally by Johns Hopkins University. | বিশ্বে একদিনে করোনাভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত নতুন রোগী শনাক্তের রেকর্ড তৈরি হয়েছে বলে জানিয়েছে বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা। গত ২৪ ঘণ্টায় নতুন রোগী শনাক্ত হয়েছে ৩ লাখ ৭ হাজার ৯৩০ জন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | National Guard troops have been sent en masse to Washington DC, to deter any repeat of last week's deadly riots. The FBI has warned of possible armed marches by pro-Trump supporters at all 50 state capitols. Meanwhile, the Biden team has set out plans to reverse key Trump policies. In the hours after Mr Biden sets foot in the White House, he will embark on a blitz of executive actions designed to signal a clean break from his predecessor's administration, according to a memo seen by US media. Among the actions: Although Mr Biden, like President Trump, will be able to use executive orders as a means of bypassing Congress on some issues, his $1.9tn (£1.4tn) stimulus plan announced earlier this week will need to be approved by lawmakers, as will a bill on immigration reform. Much of Washington DC will be locked down ahead of Wednesday's inauguration, with National Guard troops deploying in their thousands. Many streets - some miles from the Capitol, the site of deadly rioting on 6 January - have been blocked off with concrete barriers and metal fences. The National Mall, which is usually thronged with thousands of people for inaugurations, has been shut at the request of the Secret Service - the agency charged with protecting the president. The Biden team had already asked Americans to avoid travelling to the nation's capital for the inauguration because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Local officials said people should watch the event remotely. Sunday is expected to also be a particular focus for protests, after posts on pro-Trump and far-right online networks called for armed demonstrations on that day. Some militias have told their followers not to attend, however, citing heavy security or claiming the planned events are police traps. Capitol Police confirmed on Saturday that an armed Virginia man carrying a "non-government issued credential" had been stopped and arrested at a security checkpoint on Friday with at least one gun and 509 rounds of ammunition. But the man, named Wesley Allen Beeler, was later released from custody and told the Washington Post that he did not intend to bring a firearm into Washington, where he said he had been working with a private security firm. "I pulled up to a checkpoint after getting lost in DC because I'm a country boy," he said. "I showed them the inauguration badge that was given to me." The tough security measures follow a week in which Donald Trump became the first US president to be impeached twice. He now faces a Senate trial, on a charge of "incitement of insurrection" linked to the storming of the US Capitol by groups of his supporters. They did so in a bid to thwart Congress certifying Joe Biden's victory in the presidential election. Dozens of arrests have been made in relation to the assault on the Capitol building. Among the latest is a far-right media personality known as Baked Alaska - real name Anthime Joseph Gionet. A criminal complaint says he was arrested in Houston, Texas on Friday and charged with two federal crimes, including violent entry and disorderly conduct on Capitol grounds. How are different states preparing? States across the country are also taking precautionary measures, from boarding up capitol windows to refusing to grant permits for rallies. The governors of Maryland, New Mexico and Utah have all declared states of emergency ahead of possible protests at their legislatures. California, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin are among those activating their National Guards, and Texas will shut its state capitol from Saturday until after inauguration day. According to the director of the Texas Department of Public Safety, intelligence suggested "violent extremists" could infiltrate planned protests there to "conduct criminal acts". Virginia's Governor Ralph Northam told a news conference on Thursday: "If you're planning to come here or up to Washington with ill intent in your heart, you need to turn around right now and go home. You are not welcome here, and you're not welcome in our nation's capital. And if you come here and act out, Virginia will be ready." Analysts believe states that saw especially hostile or protracted election battles are at most risk of violence. One of them, Michigan, has erected a six-foot fence around its capitol in Lansing. "We are prepared for the worst, but we remain hopeful that those who choose to demonstrate at our capitol do so peacefully," the state's Police Director Joe Gasper said on Friday. The building will have an increased police presence until at least mid-February, he added. In October, six men were arrested for allegedly plotting to kidnap and overthrow Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer, a Democrat. The group planned to gather about "200 men" to storm the capitol building and take hostages, investigators said. In a further development on Saturday, Facebook said it would temporarily halt adverts for gun accessories and military kit in the US. The site had already banned adverts for guns and ammunition. "Out of an abundance of caution, we are temporarily banning ads promoting weapons accessories and protective equipment in the US until at least January 22nd," spokesperson Liz Bourgeois told Buzzfeed. The move came after three senators and four attorneys general urged Facebook to stop "placing profit ahead of our Nation's democracy". | প্রেসিডেন্ট ইলেক্ট জো বাইডেনের বুধবারের অভিষেক অনুষ্ঠানকে ঘিরে সহিংসতার আশঙ্কায় যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ৫০টি রাজ্য এবং ডিসট্রিক্ট অব কলম্বিয়া (ডিসি) ছুটির দিনেও সতর্ক অবস্থানে রয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The Japan Sumo Association (JSA) met after a recent string of scandals, including when women were made to leave the ring after stepping in to help a man. Women are traditionally believed to be "unclean" and cannot enter the space. JSA director Toshio Takano said they needed more time, calling it "an extremely difficult issue". Why is sumo under fire? In April, Maizuru city mayor Ryozo Tatami collapsed in a sumo ring, known as "dohyo", when he was giving a speech. Women rushed to help the mayor, but they were ordered to leave by the referee. Local media reports spectators then watched salt being thrown into the ring - a practice performed before a match to purify the space. The Japan Sumo Association faced universal condemnation for the referee's actions, and association chief Nobuyoshi Hakkaku apologised for the "inappropriate act". But within days, the association came under fresh fire after denying the female mayor of a city entry to the ring. Tomoko Nakagawa, mayor of Takarazuka, asked the association if she could deliver a speech before an exhibition match in the city, but was reportedly told to "give due respect to tradition". "Female mayors are also humans," she reportedly said in a speech delivered beside the ring. "I am frustrated that I cannot give this speech on the dohyo just because I am a woman." The association also ruled girls could not take part in a spring sumo tour in which young people could join the wrestlers in the ring, citing safety concerns - despite girls having taken part in previous years. Why are women denied entry to the ring? Sumo dates back thousands of years, and to this day maintains many ancient traditions. Mark Buckton, a former commentator and columnist with the Japan Times, says the practice has links to Japan's Shinto religion. "It's never been considered a sport in Japan," Mr Buckton told the BBC. "It's far deeper in the Japanese psyche." You may also be interested in: Traditionally before a match, a hole is made in the centre of the dohyo and filled with nuts, squid, seaweed and sake by Shinto priests. The hole is closed, enshrining inside a spirit. Sumo wrestlers then perform a ritual stamp and clap to scare away bad spirits. "The ring is considered a holy Shinto space," explained Mr Buckton. Traditionally in the religion, women were considered impure because of their menstrual blood, and denied entry to the space because of this. Mr Buckton explains any blood is believed to sully the space - if male wrestlers bleed on the dohyo, it is purified with salt. While women can and do compete in amateur sumo wrestling around the world, they cannot enter the ring at Tokyo's 11,000 Ryogoku Kokugikan arena, or compete in professional tournaments. Is the policy likely to change? Sumo chief Oguruma, who only goes by one name, told local media after Saturday's JSA meeting that the policy has been in place "for hundreds of years". "We can't change it in an hour," he said. Certainly, the JSA has not bowed to pressure before now. In 2000, the then governor of Osaka, Fusae Ota, asked the sumo association to allow her to enter the ring so she could present a trophy to the champion wrestler, but her request was rejected. Mr Buckton thinks the association will never change the policy, due to the long-standing traditions in the sport and what he considers a limited awareness of feminism in the country. "The sumo association are just waiting for a few more scandals to pop up, and for this to fade away," he said. "It's not a major controversy in Japan at all." But as the #MeToo movement takes hold in Japan and recent controversies sparked by Japanese female politicians discussing the difficulties of being a woman in work, this latest debate about women in sumo may not fade as quickly and easily as previously. | জাপানে সুমো কুস্তির কর্তৃপক্ষ 'শুধুমাত্র পুরুষদের' এই খেলা সম্পর্কে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি সিদ্ধান্ত স্থগিত করেছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | New pictures from a Nasa spacecraft show the targeted landing site of the Vikram rover, but its precise location "has yet to be determined". The images were taken at dusk, and were not able to locate the lander. India would have been the fourth nation to make a soft landing on the Moon. Chandrayaan-2 was due to touch down at the lunar South Pole on 7 September, over a month after it first took off. It approached the Moon as normal until an error occurred about 2.1km (1.3 miles) from the surface, Indian space officials said. On Friday, Nasa tweeted the images of the targeted landing site of the Indian module. Nasa said the targeted site was located about 600km (370 miles) from the South Pole in a "relatively ancient terrain". "[The agency's] Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) passed over the landing site on 17 September and acquired a set of high resolution images of the area; so far the team has not been able to locate or image the lander," the space agency said in a statement. "It was dusk when the landing area was imaged and thus large shadows covered much of the terrain; it is possible that the Vikram lander is hiding in a shadow. The lighting will be favorable when LRO passes over the site in October and once again attempts to locate and image the lander." India's first Moon mission - Chandrayaan-1 in 2008 - carried out the first and most detailed search for water on the lunar surface using radars. What was this mission all about? Chandrayaan-2 (Moon vehicle 2) was the most complex mission ever attempted by India's space agency, Isro. "It is the beginning of a historical journey," Isro chief K Sivan said after launch in July. The lander (named Vikram, after the founder of Isro) carried within its belly a 27kg Moon rover with instruments to analyse the lunar soil. The rover (called Pragyan - wisdom in Sanskrit) had the capacity to travel 500m from the lander in its 14-day life span, and would have sent data and images back to Earth for analysis. The mission would have focused on the lunar surface, searching for water and minerals and measuring moonquakes, among other things. Why would it have been significant? A soft landing on another planetary body - a feat achieved by just three other countries so far - would have been a huge technological achievement for Isro and India's space ambitions, writes science writer Pallava Bagla. He adds that it would also have paved the way for future Indian missions to land on Mars, and opened up the possibility of India sending astronauts into space. For the first time in India's space history, the interplanetary expedition was led by two women - project director Muthaya Vanitha and mission director Ritu Karidhal. It is also a matter of national pride - the satellite's lift-off in July was broadcast live on TV and Isro's official social media accounts. The mission has also made global headlines because it's so cheap - the budget for Avengers: Endgame, for instance, was more than double at an estimated $356m. But this isn't the first time Isro has been hailed for its thrift. Its 2014 Mars mission cost $74m, a tenth of the budget for the American Maven orbiter. Read more about India's space ambitions | সেপ্টেম্বরের শুরুর দিকে চন্দ্রপৃষ্ঠ ছোঁয়ার ঠিক আগে আগে যোগাযোগ বিচ্ছিন্ন হয়ে যাওয়া ভারতের মহাকাশযানটি চন্দ্রপৃষ্ঠে আছড়ে পড়েছিল বলে দাবি করছে মার্কিন মহাকাশ গবেষণা সংস্থা নাসা। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Jane WakefieldTechnology reporter To stop the spread of "false news reports", Facebook, Facebook-owned WhatsApp and Instagram, YouTube, Snapchat and Viber were all banned. The government has not said when the ban will be lifted. But it comes at a time when social media firms are battling to rein in the spread of misinformation. Why was it banned? After more than 300 people died in a series of bombings at churches and hotels on Sunday, Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe asked the population to "please avoid propagating unverified reports and speculation". That plea was followed up with an outright ban on a series of social media sites. The government said the block would be temporary, but remain in place "until investigations were concluded". The shutdown does not appear to affect Twitter, which is not as widely used in the country as other platforms, according to some experts. The shutdown is not without precedent. Facebook was briefly blocked a year ago in Sri Lanka, after it was accused of allowing posts that incited anti-Muslim violence. It is perhaps not surprising that the Sri Lankan government has taken such extreme measures given that the social network Facebook admitted in November that its service had been used to spread violence in Myanmar. Then in March, it had to race to stop footage from the attacks on mosques in New Zealand being shared. The killings were live-streamed on Facebook and the video was shared countless times on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, with social media firms playing a frantic game of whack-a-mole to try to contain the spread. New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern did not block social media but made no secret of the fact that she held them responsible for the viral spreading of unacceptable content and threatened far stricter regulation. Is the ban a good idea? For some, the ban is an inevitable response to the seeming inability of technology firms to get a grip on the spread of misinformation. Writing in the New York Times, journalist Kara Swisher, who has previously accused social media firms of "weaponising civic discourse", described the decision as "a pre-crime move, if you will, and a drastic one, since much critical information in that country flows over these platforms". And the topic of the relentless spread of online misinformation and what to do about it was a hot topic at the recent TED conference in Vancouver, where a series of speakers described the internet as being "broken" with fake news leading to sometimes fatal real-world consequences. But others are concerned about the government making snap decisions on stopping the flow of free information online, especially in Sri Lanka, which has a history of controlling the media. One researcher, Yudhanjaya Wijeratne, told BuzzFeed that it was a complex problem. "Social media remains a vital force for the democratisation of information, for evading government censorship. This is not to say it is a force entirely for the good. Hate speech spreads, and Facebook has been utterly terrible at countering it here." What's the downside? While there is no questioning the fact that social media networks are used to spread misinformation, they are also crucial communication platforms for families desperate to check on relatives. In a statement, Facebook said: "People rely on our services to communicate with their loved ones and we are committed to maintaining our services and helping the community and the country during this tragic time." WhatsApp is widely used in Sri Lanka - where platforms like Facebook are not just part of the internet but are the internet for many, meaning their only form of communication, perhaps when they need it most, is suddenly cut off. One family based in the UK told the BBC it had contacted its Sri Lankan-based family via the telephone after finding it difficult to get through to anyone on social media platforms. Is ban working? Some people are using virtual private networks to circumvent the ban. VPNs can hide someone's location by funnelling data through a server in another country. According to Netblocks, an organisation which tracks internet outages, one of these - TunnelBear - has also been blocked. Dr Claire Wardle, an academic who founded First Draft, a non-profit organisation that researches misinformation, told the BBC: "While it's understandable to want to do something after such a serious event, evidence from the impact of social media shutdowns in other contexts show that they don't have the impact people expect. "When there aren't strong channels for quality information, this can backfire. In addition, social media can be lifelines for people trying to connect with each other." | শ্রীলংকায় বোমা হামলা হওয়ার কিছুক্ষণ পর থেকেই সামাজিক মাধ্যমে ছড়িয়ে পড়া শুরু করে হামলা সম্পর্কিত বিভিন্ন মনগড়া গল্প - আর সেই পরিপ্রেক্ষিতে দ্রুত সামাজিক মাধ্যম ব্লক করে দেয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নেয় দেশটির সরকার। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Flight JT 610 went down after taking off from Jakarta with 189 passengers and crew on board. There has been no sign of survivors but debris and personal belongings have been collected from the water. There is no indication yet of what caused the plane to go down 13 minutes after taking off. Officials say the pilot of the Boeing 737, which was heading for the western city of Pangkal Pinang, had asked to return to Soekarno-Hatta airport shortly before losing contact with air traffic control. A log obtained by the BBC showed the plane had encountered technical problems while flying from Bali to Jakarta the previous day. The log showed one instrument was giving "unreliable" airspeed readings and the captain had to hand over to the first officer. Altitude readings also differed on the captain and first officer's instruments. Lion Air's chief executive Edward Sirait said on Tuesday that the plane had been repaired before taking off again. 'Her face fills my mind' By Rebecca Henschke, BBC News, Jakarta Another day of waiting for the families and loved ones of those on board. Now they sit outside Jakarta's police hospital where bodies are being brought. Lion Air is providing free flights from Bangka for families, like Surya's. "They have all come hoping for some closure and certainty," she says. Her younger sister was on the plane. "We want a body to grieve. She was the youngest in our family, so we all loved her very much. It feels very painful to lose the baby of the family." Outside the hospital I meet Murtado Kurinawan, whose newly-wed wife was on the plane, travelling for work. He has brought her toothbrush in the hope it will help with the identification process. "I can't stop thinking about her. Her face fills my mind all the time," he said. The plane plunged in coastal waters that are about 30m (100ft) deep north-east of Jakarta. Investigators say they are hopeful of finding the main fuselage. Search teams are using an underwater drone, as well as underwater "pinger locators" to try to pick up the sonar signals from the cockpit recorders. Search teams have been retrieving body parts, aircraft debris and personal items. Body bags are being taken to Jakarta for identification. Another search official, Yusuf Latif, earlier said it would be "a miracle" if survivors were found. Mr Sutopo has also warned against hoaxes that have been spreading on social media, including pictures that users claimed were taken by passengers in their last moments before the plane went down. In a statement, Boeing said it stood "ready to provide technical assistance to the accident investigation". Indonesia, a vast archipelago, is heavily reliant on air travel but many of its airlines have a poor safety record. The country has had issues of safety and poor management in the past and its airlines were banned from flying into European airspace until 2016. | ইন্দোনেশিয়ার বিধ্বস্ত লায়ন এয়ার বিমান ও তার আরোহীদের খোঁজে জাভা সাগর চষে বেড়াচ্ছেন উদ্ধারকারীরা। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | In the early hours of Monday, a weak flow of lava began seeping out of Taal volcano - located some 70km (45 miles) south of the capital Manila. Taal had earlier emitted a huge plume of ash, triggering the mass evacuation of 8,000 people from the area. Taal is the Philippines' second most active volcano. Situated on an island in the middle of a lake, it is one of the world's smallest volcanoes and has recorded at least 34 eruptions in the past 450 years. Authorities in the surrounding province, Batangas, have declared a "state of calamity", signifying major disruption. On Sunday, the volcano emitted a giant plume of ash, with rumbling sounds and tremors also reported. A total of 75 earthquakes have occurred in the Taal region, with 32 of these earthquakes ranking 2 and higher on the earthquake intensity scale, said Phivolcs. "Taal volcano entered a period of intense unrest... that progressed into magmatic eruption at 02:49 to 04:28... this is characterised by weak lava fountaining accompanied by thunder and flashes of lightning," the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) said in a statement. But Phivolcs director Renato Solidum said that signs of a hazardous eruption, including "flows of ashes, rocks, gas at speeds of more than 60km/h horizontally" had not yet occurred, according to CNN Philippines. Phivolcs has now raised the alert level from 3 to 4, out of a maximum of 5. Authorities have also warned of a possible "volcanic tsunami", which can be trigged by falling debris after an eruption, pushing the water and generating waves. Volcanic alert levels Source: Phivolcs The UN Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) says that more than 450,000 people are estimated to live within the 14km danger zone of the Taal volcano. Ash fell on several areas nearby with residents advised to wear masks. One resident in metro Manila said shops had begun to run out of masks. "When I went to my car, I saw it was covered in ash. I hurriedly went to buy a mask from a drugstore but they had run out," Angel Bautista, a resident of Paranaque told Reuters. The government has warned retailers not to hike mask prices amid the surging demand. Earthquakes and volcanic activity are not uncommon in the Philippines, which lies along the Ring of Fire - a zone of major seismic activity, which has one of the world's most active fault lines. 'Grey and lifeless' By Howard Johnson, BBC News, Tagaytay, Philippines As we approached the Taal volcano area this morning we saw local residents shovelling thick wet ash from the roads. Pineapple groves, normally verdant and luscious, now looked grey and lifeless. In the distance Taal continued to billow ash and smoke miles into the sky. As the morning went on the ash clouds became darker. Police manning a 14km exclusion zone stopped people from travelling into the area close to the volcano, but there was a steady flow of cars and trucks moving out. On the back of one pick-up truck, I saw a large family with their treasured household possessions. They were moving in the direction of the Philippine capital Manila, where many people are choosing to stay with relatives. The volcanic ash had forced Manila's international airport to suspend all flights on Sunday. Phivolcs had warned that the "airborne ash and ballistic fragments from the eruption... posed hazards to aircrafts". The Civil Aviation Authority announced later on Monday that it had resumed "partial operations" as of 10:00 local time (02:00 GMT) for flights departing the airport and 12:00 for arrivals. The Philippine stock exchange also announced it would halt all trading on Monday. President Rodrigo Duterte's office has also ordered the suspension of government work in Manila and the closure of all schools in the capital. Taal: 'A very dangerous volcano' | ফিলিপিন্সে একটি আগ্নেয়গিরি থেকে লাভা উদগীরণ শুরু হয়েছে। কর্তৃপক্ষ হুঁশিয়ারি দিয়েছে, 'কয়েক ঘণ্টা বা কয়েক দিনের' মধ্যেই 'বিপজ্জনক অগ্ন্যুৎপাতের' আশঙ্কা রয়েছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Alizadeh, 21, posted on social media that she had left Iran because she didn't want to be part of "hypocrisy, lies, injustice and flattery". She described herself as "one of the millions of oppressed women in Iran". Alizadeh did not say where she was, amid reports that she has been training in the Netherlands. She made history for Iran in 2016 when she won a bronze medal in taekwondo at the Rio Olympics. But in her social media posts she said authorities in the Islamic republic had used her success as a propaganda tool. Her defection comes as Iran is gripped by protests - stemming from the accidental shooting down of a Ukrainian airliner on Wednesday, in the middle of a major confrontation with the US. Officials 'humiliated me' "I am one of the millions of oppressed women in Iran whom they've been playing for years," she wrote. "I wore whatever they told me and repeated whatever they ordered. Every sentence they ordered I repeated. None of us matter for them, we are just tools." She added that although the government would exploit her sporting success politically, officials would humiliate her with comments such as: "It is not virtuous for a woman to stretch her legs." Alizadeh denied she'd been invited to Europe or given a tempting offer and did not confirm which country she had gone to. Iranians reacted with shock last week when news of Alizadeh's disappearance first emerged. Iranian politician Abdolkarim Hosseinzadeh accused "incompetent officials" of allowing Iran's "human capital to flee". On Thursday, the semi-official Isna news agency carried a report that said: "Shock for Iran's taekwondo. Kimia Alizadeh has emigrated to the Netherlands." The agency reported that Alizadeh was hoping to compete at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics but not under the Iranian flag. Announcing her intention to leave Iran, the sportswoman did not mention her plans but said she would remain "a child of Iran" wherever she is. | ইরানের একমাত্র নারী অলিম্পিক পদকজয়ী কিমিয়া আলীজাদেহ বলেছেন তিনি পক্ষত্যাগ করেছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The victim's family had petitioned the court, asking for the trial to be moved out of the state. It will now be heard in the northern state of Punjab. The case made headlines in India after right-wing groups and lawyers protested over the arrest of the eight Hindu men. All of them have pleaded not guilty. In its ruling, the Supreme Court directed that the trial would begin afresh on 9 July at a court in Pathankot, and would be heard on a daily basis. It added that the proceedings would be conducted in camera. The victim's parents had said that they felt "threatened" in Kathua, where the community is predominantly Hindu. A petition filed on behalf of the accused asking for a federal inquiry into the case was also turned down by the court. The body of the victim, who belonged to a Muslim nomadic tribe, was found in a forest on 17 January near Kathua city in Indian-administered Kashmir. A retired government official, four police officers and a minor are among the accused. Outrage grew after two ministers from India's ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) attended a rally in support of the accused men. Details of the injuries inflicted on the minor victim have also horrified many Indians. The minor will be tried separately in accordance with India's juvenile act. | ভারত শাসিত জম্মু-কাশ্মীর রাজ্যে একটি আট বছরের কন্যা শিশুকে অপহরণ, ধর্ষণ এবং হত্যার যে মামলার তদন্ত করছিল সেই রাজ্যের পুলিশের ক্রাইম ব্রাঞ্চ, তারা আদালতের কাছে চার্জশীট পেশ করেছে। তদন্তে ঘটনার যে বিবরণ উঠে এসেছে, তা এক কথায় বীভৎসতার চূড়ান্ত পর্যায়। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | "I've been in so many controversies, not just cricketing. I have got through hurdles. This is just one of the many challenges I've faced," says the 48-year-old of the uproar around the film. A member of Sri Lanka's minority Tamils, Muralitharan defied the odds to make it on to the national team during a long civil war between Tamil separatists and the Sinhalese-majority security forces. Then, he battled controversy over his bowling action - he was famously no-balled for "chucking" in Australia - to become one of the most formidable bowlers the cricketing world has ever seen. However the biopic of his life - entitled 800, a reference to his record-breaking 800 Test match wickets - may be his biggest obstacle yet. Shooting has yet to start, but when a film poster featuring popular south Indian actor Vijay Sethupathi in the lead role was released there was a massive outpouring of anger The hashtag #ShameOnVijaySethupathi started trending across the state of Tamil Nadu, with many demanding that he turn down the role. The film's producers have called it a "sports biography", intended to inspire young people, but critics fear a hagiography, an attempt to glorify someone who has become a controversial political issue. Much of the outrage stems from Muralitharan's comments at a presidential election event last year, at which he celebrated the end of the war in 2009 and supported the candidacy of Gotabaya Rajapaksa. Mr Rajapaksa was the defence secretary when government forces crushed Tamil Tiger separatists in a brutal campaign that also left tens of thousands of civilians dead. He said the "happiest day of my life" was in 2009 as the country could now "go on without fear". An estimated 40,000 Sri Lankan Tamil civilians are believed to have died in the last stages of the war, and it has been an emotive issue in Tamil Nadu, where the same language and ethnic identity are shared. "Even though Muralitharan is a Tamil, he does not behave as a Tamil, and we don't want him to enter Tamil Nadu in any form - whether in person or on film," said V Prabha, a youth activist based in Chennai (formerly Madras). "Muralitharan did many wrongs during the Sri Lankan civil war, we don't want him to be a hero in the Tamil community." Read more about Sri Lanka's civil war But Muralitharan says his words have been repeatedly "twisted" and taken out of context. "I meant that after 2009, we had peace in this country. For me when the war finished, it was the happiest day of my life because peace came - not because Tamil civilians were killed," he said, speaking from Dubai, where he is a bowling coach for the Sunrisers Hyderabad team at the Indian Premier League (IPL) tournament being held there. "I did not take any sides over the war - Rajapaksa side or the other side. I was in the middle. People in India don't know what's happening in Sri Lanka." Muralitharan has close links with India, especially Tamil Nadu. His wife is from the state and he represented Chennai when he played for Chennai Super Kings from 2008 to 2010, becoming one of the team's most most popular players. So why is the film so contentious? "In 2010, people in Tamil Nadu knew what had happened to Tamils in the Sri Lankan civil war, but they didn't connect Muralitharan to it," said Mr Prabha. "We then started a campaign showing how he supported the Sri Lankan state, and by 2013, we were able to ban him and other Sri Lankan players here." In 2013, the Tamil Nadu government banned IPL games with Sri Lankan players from being played in the state, due to alleged human rights violations of Tamils in Sri Lanka. Kavitha Muralidharan, a freelance journalist in Chennai, says the furore over Muralitharan's biopic has been so intense because of its lead actor, 42-year-old Vijay Sethupathi. "Sethupathi is seen as a progressive actor, he speaks out on a lot of social issues, so for many people it was troubling to see him choosing to play the role of Muttiah Muralitharan," she said. "People in Tamil Nadu take cinema very seriously. A movie is not just a movie there - Tamil cinema and politics are inter-related." Tamil nationalism is often infused into Kollywood, as the Tamil cinema industry is known. A number of the state's chief ministers were actors before they took to politics. The pressure on Sethupathi to quit came from both film stars and politicians. But it was Muralitharan's surprise intervention - he asked the actor to withdraw - that decided the issue. "Why does Sethupathi have to have unnecessary problems with this movie? Why do I want to put these problems on him?" the cricketer asks. "This is my battle, not his battle, so I will take on the battle." The response in Sri Lanka - where he is widely regarded as a sporting hero - has been mixed. "I would have loved to see a film about him, not glorifying him, but something which brings all aspects of his complex identity to the screen," said Andrew Fidel Fernando, a cricket writer in Colombo, who has written extensively about Muralitharan's cricketing reign. "The immediate backlash to the film seems ludicrous - we don't know what the film would have been like." Families of Tamils who went missing during the Sri Lankan civil war are more critical, with some calling for the film to be scrapped completely. "Muralitharan's words - when he said 2009 was the happiest time of his life - have affected Tamil people all over the world, worse than this coronavirus pandemic," Gopalakrishnan Rajkumar, who represents families of the disappeared, told BBC Tamil. "Because he was Tamil, he became popular, but he hasn't done anything for Tamil people here." The film's producers, Dar Motion Pictures (which made the Bollywood films The Lunchbox and Ugly) and Movie Train Motion Pictures had hoped to begin shooting 800 in early 2021. Without a lead actor, that now seems unlikely. But Muralitharan is confident that his story will be told on screen. "It will be made. The film's not just for Tamil Nadu. The producers are from Mumbai, they want it in all languages, in Tamil, Sinhala, Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Malayalam and with English subtitles," he says. "It's a sports movie, how can it be controversial?" Yet the furore around 800 suggests it will be difficult to separate the cricketing legend from his politics. You may also be interested in: | শ্রীলংকার সাবেক ক্রিকেট তারকা মুথাইয়া মুরলীধরন বলছেন তার জীবন নিয়ে যে চলচ্চিত্র তৈরির পরিকল্পনা রয়েছে, তা নিয়ে তুমুল বাকবিতণ্ডা এবং প্রতিক্রিয়া হলেও ছবিটি মুক্তি পাবেই। দক্ষিণ ভারতে এই ছবি তৈরি নিয়ে বিক্ষোভ ও বিতর্কের জেরে নাম ভূমিকায় যিনি অভিনেতা ছিলেন তিনি ছবি করবেন না বলেছেন। তার সঙ্গে কথা বলেছেন বিবিসির নলিনী সিভাথাসন এবং ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন কী নিয়ে এই বিতর্ক? |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Kavya Solanki was born in October 2018 and in March, when she was 18 months old, her bone marrow was extracted and transplanted into Abhijit, her seven-year-old brother. Abhijit suffered from thalassaemia major, a disorder where his haemoglobin count was dangerously low and he required frequent blood transfusions. "Every 20-22 days, he needed 350ml to 400ml blood. By the age of six, he'd had 80 transfusions," his father Sahdevsinh Solanki told me on the phone from their home in Ahmedabad, the largest city in the western state of Gujarat. "Abhijit was born after my first daughter. We were a happy family. He was 10 months old when we learnt that he was thalassaemic. We were devastated. He was weak, his immune system was compromised and he often became ill. "And when I found out that there was no cure for his illness, my grief doubled," Mr Solanki said. To understand better what ailed his son, he began reading all the literature he could find on the disease, researching possible cures and sought advice from medical experts. When he heard about bone marrow transplant as being a permanent cure, he began exploring it. But the family's bone marrow, including Abhijit's older sister's, wasn't a match. In 2017, he came across an article on "saviour siblings" - a baby created for the purpose of donating organs, cells or bone marrow to an older sibling. His curiosity aroused, he approached Dr Manish Banker, one of India's best-known fertility specialists, and persuaded him to prepare a thalassaemia-free foetus for Abhijit's treatment. Mr Solanki says they opted for a saviour sibling because they ran out of choice. One hospital told him that they had found a bone marrow tissue match in the US. But the cost was prohibitive - between 5m rupees ($68,000; £52,000) and 10m rupees - and since it was an unrelated donor, he was told the success rate would be 20-30%. The technology used for Kavya's birth is called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis - it allows embryos to be screened for disease-causing genes and has been used in India for a few years now, but it's the first time it's been used to create a saviour sibling. Dr Banker says it took him more than six months to create the embryo, screen it and match it with Abhijit's. Once they had the perfect match, the foetus was planted in the mother's womb. "After Kavya's birth, we had to wait another 16 to 18 months so that her weight could increase to 10-12kg. The bone marrow transplant was done in March. Then we waited for a few months to see whether the recipient had accepted the transplant before announcing it," he told me. "It's been seven months since the transplant and Abhijit has not needed another transfusion," Mr Solanki told me. "We had his blood sample tested recently, his haemoglobin count is over 11 now. The doctors say he's cured." Dr Deepa Trivedi, who carried out the transplant, told BBC Gujarati's Arjun Parmar that after the procedure, Kavya's haemoglobin levels had dipped and there was localised pain for a few days from where the bone marrow was taken, but she's now fully healed. "Both Kavya and Abhijit are now completely healthy," she said. Mr Solanki says Kavya's arrival has transformed their life. "We love her even more than our other children. She's not just our child, she's also our family's saviour. We'll be grateful to her forever." Adam Nash - born in the US 20 years ago to be a donor for his six-year-old sister who suffered from Fanconi anaemia, a rare and fatal genetic disease - is considered the world's first saviour sibling. At the time, many questioned whether the baby boy was really wanted or merely "created as a medical commodity" to save his sister? Many also wondered if it would lead to eugenics or "designer babies"?The debate was renewed in 2010 when Britain reported its first saviour sibling. Kavya's birth has raised similar questions in India about babies becoming "commodities" and whether it's ethical to "purchase a perfect offspring". "There's the long-standing ethical issue, as [German philosopher Immanuel] Kant said, that you should not use another person exclusively for your own benefit," says Prof John Evans, who teaches sociology at University of California and is an expert on the ethics of human gene editing. Having a saviour sibling raises several questions, he says, and "the devil is in the detail". "We have to look at the parents' motivation. Did you have this child only for this reason to create a perfect genetic match for your [sick] child? If you did, then you're putting at risk a child without their consent." Then, he says, there's the issue of what the saviour sibling is going to be used for? "One end of the spectrum is using cells taken from the umbilical cord of a baby, the other end is to take an organ. Taking bone marrow falls somewhere in the middle - it's not zero risk but it's not as damaging as removing an organ which would cause permanent damage to the donor," Prof Evans told me. But the most important ethical question, he says, is where does it stop? "It's a very slippery slope and it's very hard to put barriers on it. It's one thing to create a saviour sibling for bone marrow, but how do you stop there? How do you not go on to modifying genes in existing humans?" Britain, he points out, has a rigorous regulatory system that is used to grant permission for genetic biotechnology "that stops them from leaping too far forward down the slope". "But Indian regulatory systems are not that strong and this is like opening the Pandora's box," says journalist and writer Namita Bhandare. "I don't want to judge the Solanki family," she says. "In a similar situation, as a parent I may have done the same. "But what we need is a regulatory framework. At the very least, there's the need for a public debate, and not just with medical professionals but also child rights activists. This child has been conceived without any debate. How can something so important fly under the radar?" Ms Bhandare asks. Mr Solanki, a Gujarat government officer, says it's "not proper" for outsiders to judge his family. "We are the ones living this reality. You have to look at people's intentions behind an act. Put yourself in my situation before you judge me," he tells me. "All parents want healthy children and there's nothing unethical about it to want to improve the health of your child. People have children for all sorts of reasons - to take on the family business or to continue the family name or even to provide company to an only child. Why scrutinise my motives?" Dr Banker says if we are able to create babies who are disease free by using technology, why shouldn't we? "The fundamental questions we need to look at in India are regulation and registries. But we can't deny use of technology because potentially someone would misuse it." Screening has been used since the 1970s to identify babies at risk of Down's Syndrome and Dr Banker says gene-elimination is very similar to that - the "next step" - and the idea is to eliminate these disorders in the next generation. He says what they have done for the Solankis involved "a one-time procedure with minimum risks" and the result, he says, justifies the means. "Before this treatment, Abhijit's life expectancy was 25-30 years, now he's completely cured so he will have the normal life expectancy." Read more from Geeta Pandey | ভারতে এই প্রথমবারের মতো একটি শিশুর জন্ম দেওয়া হয়েছে তার ভাই-এর জীবন রক্ষা করার জন্য। এই খবরটি সারা দেশে শিরোনাম হয়েছে এবং এনিয়ে বিতর্কও হচ্ছে। কাউকে বাঁচানোর জন্য জিনগত ত্রুটি সংশোধন করে তার ভাই কিম্বা বোন জন্ম দেওয়া কতোটা নৈতিক সেই প্রশ্নও উঠেছে। এনিয়ে দিল্লি থেকে বিবিসির গীতা পাণ্ডের প্রতিবেদন: |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Farabi Shafiur Rahman, a "fundamentalist blogger", was detained by special police forces early on Monday at a bus stop in Dhaka. He is accused of making a recent threat to kill Mr Roy on social media. Avijit Roy, a US citizen of Bangladeshi origin, was hacked to death by men with machetes last Thursday while visiting Bangladesh. His wife was badly wounded. Colonel Ziaul Ahsan, from Bangladesh's Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), told local media bdnews24.com that Mr Farabi was leaving the city when he was arrested in Dhaka's Jatrabarhi area on Monday morning. RAB spokesman Major Maksudul Alam said he was "the main suspect" in the attack on Avijit Roy, who was a critic of religious intolerance. Mr Roy's family said he had been threatened by Mr Farabi on Twitter and Facebook, Maj Alam said. "[Roy's] family told us that he got threats from Farabi several times," he told AFP news agency. Police accuse Mr Farabi of involvement with the Islamist group Hizb ut-Tahrir, which is banned in Bangladesh. On Sunday, the Bangladeshi government accepted a US offer of FBI help to assist in the murder inquiry. Wife in hospital Avijit Roy was attacked last Thursday evening by men wielding machetes as he returned from a book fair in Dhaka, his native city. His wife Rafida Ahmed also suffered head injuries and lost a finger in the attack and remains in hospital in a serious condition. Mourners gathered on Sunday in Dhaka to pay their respects to Mr Roy. "Free thinking in Bangladesh is becoming a great danger," Reuters quoted writer Shahriar Kabir as saying. "We want to know why the government failed to ensure the safety of him, despite knowing that he had been facing threats from the Islamist radicals." Farabi Shafiur Rahman is currently on bail in a second case, having been previously arrested over online postings following the murder of another anti-extremism blogger, Ahmed Rajib Haider, in 2013. Ahmed Rajib Haider was among a group of bloggers who had called for the execution of Islamist leaders for crimes committed in Bangladesh's 1971 independence war. Avijit Roy Obituary: US-Bangladesh writer Avijit Roy | বাংলাদেশে গোয়েন্দা পুলিশ দাবি করছে, লেখক অভিজিৎ রায়কে হত্যার ঘটনায় সরাসরি জড়িত সাতজনকে তারা চিহ্নিত করতে পেরেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Mila, 16, posted her comments online after receiving homophobic abuse from a Muslim commenter. She received death threats and has not attended school since. But Mila has refused to back down, saying in her first television interview that she "wanted to blaspheme". She has since deactivated her Instagram account. The post has sparked a huge debate in France over freedom of speech. The country has no national blasphemy laws and has a rigidly secular constitution. Police initially opened two investigations: the first into whether Mila was guilty of hate speech, and the second into her online attackers. They have since dropped the hate speech case as Mila was expressing a personal opinion on religion and not targeting individuals. On Tuesday, Interior Minister Christophe Castaner told the National Assembly that Mila and her family were under police protection. What did Mila say? Appearing on the Quotidien programme on the TMC channel, Mila apologised for insulting people who practise their religion "in peace" and said she regretted the "vulgarity" of her words and their spread online. But she defended her remarks. "I have absolutely no regrets about what I said, it was really my thought," she told the interviewer. Mina said her life was "clearly on hold" amid the controversy. She had to leave school because of the threats against her, saying she could have been "burned with acid, hit, stripped naked in public or buried alive". On Monday, education minister Jean-Michel Blanquer said that authorities were trying to "return her to school peacefully so that she can have a normal life". How did the controversy start? The controversy began on 18 January, after Mila did a live broadcast on her Instagram account. After speaking about her sexuality she was called a "dirty lesbian" by a Muslim commenter. In response, Mila posted an attack on Islam. "I hate religion. The Koran is a religion of hate," she said, before using stronger words to attack Islam. "I am not racist. You cannot be racist towards a religion. I said what I thought, you're not going to make me regret it." Critics said her comments were offensive. Some sent her death threats, and others posted her personal information online. The head of the French Council of the Muslim Faith, Mohammed Moussaoui, said nothing justified death threats no matter how serious her remarks. Supporters defended her right to attack Islam, and the hashtag #JeSuisMila (I am Mila) started trending in France. Opponents hit back with the hashtag #JeNeSuisPasMila. French justice minister Nicole Belloubet waded into the controversy, saying that death threats against the teenager were "unacceptable". However, Ms Belloubet herself was criticised after arguing that an attack on religion was "an attack on freedom of conscience". French Senator Laurence Rossignol gave Ms Belloubet "0/20 in constitutional law", saying that in France "it is forbidden to insult the followers of a religion but one can insult a religion, its figures, its symbols". Ms Belloubet later said her comments had been "clumsy". Mila's cause has been embraced by the far right. National Rally leader Marine Le Pen said Mila had "more courage than the entire political class in power for the past 30 years". In October, French President Emmanuel Macron warned against "stigmatising" Muslims or linking Islam with the fight against terrorism. | ফ্রান্সে এক কিশোরী ইসলামকে 'ঘৃণার ধর্ম' অভিহিত করে সামাজিক মাধ্যম ইনস্টাগ্রাম পোস্ট দেওয়ার পর দেশজুড়ে বিতর্ক তৈরি হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | "The main reason for this declaration is not what is happening in China but what is happening in other countries," said WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. The concern is that it could spread to countries with weaker health systems. Meanwhile, the US has told its citizens not to travel to China. The state department issued a level four warning - having previously urged Americans to "reconsider" travel to China - and said any citizens in China "should consider departing using commercial means". China has said it will send charter plans to bring back Hubei province residents who are overseas "as soon as possible". A foreign ministry spokesman said this was because of the "practical difficulties" Chinese citizens have faced abroad. Hubei is where the virus emerged. At least 213 people in the China have died from the virus, mostly in Hubei, with almost 10,000 cases nationally. The WHO said there had been 98 cases in 18 other countries, but no deaths. Most international cases are in people who had been to Wuhan in Hubei. However in eight cases - in Germany, Japan, Vietnam and the United States - patients were infected by people who had travelled to China. 18The number of countries with cases 14Cases in Thailand and Japan 13Singapore 11South Korea 8Australia and Malaysia 5France and USA Speaking at a news conference in Geneva, Dr Tedros described the virus as an "unprecedented outbreak" that has been met with an "unprecedented response". He praised the "extraordinary measures" Chinese authorities had taken, and said there was no reason to limit trade or travel to China. "Let me be clear, this declaration is not a vote of no confidence in China," he said. But various countries have taken steps to close borders or cancel flights, and companies like Google, Ikea, Starbucks and Tesla have closed their shops or stopped operations. The US Commerce Secretary, Wilbur Ross, has said the outbreak could "accelerate the return of jobs to North America". Preparing other countries What happens if this virus finds its way into a country that cannot cope? Many low- and middle-income countries simply lack the tools to spot or contain it. The fear is it could spread uncontrollably and that it may go unnoticed for some time. Remember this is a disease which emerged only last month - and yet there are already almost 10,000 confirmed cases in China. The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa - the largest in human history - showed how easily poorer countries can be overwhelmed by such outbreaks. And if novel coronavirus gets a significant foothold in such places, then it would be incredibly difficult to contain. We are not at that stage yet - 99% of cases are in China and the WHO is convinced the country can control the outbreak there. But declaring a global emergency allows the WHO to support lower- and middle-income countries to strengthen their disease surveillance - and prepare them for cases. How unusual is this declaration? The WHO declares a Public Health Emergency of International Concern when there is "an extraordinary event which is determined… to constitute a public health risk to other states through the international spread of disease". It has previously declared five global public health emergencies: How is China handling the outbreak? A confirmed case in Tibet means the virus has reached every region in mainland China. According to the country's National Health Commission, 9,692 cases have tested positive. The central province of Hubei, where nearly all deaths have occurred, is in a state of lockdown. The province of 60 million people is home to Wuhan, the heart of the outbreak. The city has effectively been sealed off and China has put numerous transport restrictions in place to curb the spread of the virus. People who have been in Hubei are also being told to work from home until it is considered safe for them to return. The virus is affecting China's economy, the world's second-largest, with a growing number of countries advising their citizens to avoid all non-essential travel to the country. How is the world responding? Voluntary evacuations of hundreds of foreign nationals from Wuhan are under way. The UK, Australia, South Korea, Singapore and New Zealand are expected to quarantine all evacuees for two weeks to monitor them for symptoms and avoid contagion. Australia plans to quarantine its evacuees on Christmas Island, 2,000km (1,200 miles) from the mainland in a detention centre that has been used to house asylum seekers. In other recent developments: Have you been affected by any of the issues raised? You can share your experience by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways: | করোনাভাইরাসের প্রাদুর্ভাব চীনের বাইরেও ছড়িয়ে পড়ায়, বিশ্বব্যাপী স্বাস্থ্য জরুরি অবস্থা ঘোষণা করেছে বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | They spoke towards the end of a formal dinner but the White House has not revealed what was discussed. President Trump has condemned media revelations of the talks as "sick". The two leaders' relationship is under scrutiny amid allegations of Russian interference in the US election. US intelligence agencies believe Moscow tried to tip the election in Mr Trump's favour, something denied by Russia. Mr Trump has rejected allegations of any collusion. The extra conversation happened during a private meal of heads of state at the G20 summit in Hamburg earlier in the month. The Kremlin said at the time that the two leaders had had "an opportunity to continue their discussion during the dinner", but the extent of the meeting was not known. Mr Trump left his seat and headed to Mr Putin, who had been sitting next to Mr Trump's wife, Melania, US media said. The US president was alone with Mr Putin, apart from the attendance of the Russian president's official interpreter. Mr Trump had been seated next to Japanese PM Shinzo Abe's wife, so the US interpreter at the dinner spoke Japanese, not Russian. No media were in attendance. Analysis: Uncomfortable questions raised Jonathan Marcus, BBC News defence and diplomatic correspondent Given the poor state of relations between Washington and Moscow and the controversy surrounding Russia's efforts to interfere with the US presidential campaign, each and every encounter between Mr Putin and Mr Trump is bound to be carefully scrutinised. Thus the apparently impromptu discussion between the two men at the G20 dinner inevitably raises many questions. What was President Trump seeking to do in approaching the Russian president? Were matters of substance discussed? If so, why was no formal note taken? And why did the US president have to rely upon a Russian official for translation? This is all highly unusual, especially at a time when relations between the two countries are laden with so many problems. Mr Trump also appeared unaware of another dimension - the message that his tete-a-tete would send to other leaders in the room, who must have watched the US president's gambit with some unease. Mr Trump's spokesperson Sarah Sanders told reporters at the White House on Wednesday that the dinner was part of the president's publicly released schedule. "You guys came and took pictures of it," she told journalists. "It wasn't like this was some sort of hidden dinner. To act as if this was some secret is just absolutely absurd." Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said the two leaders had "exchanged opinions and phrases in the margins of the visit on more than one occasion". "There were no covert or secret meetings. It is absolutely absurd to claim this," he was quoted as saying by Russia's TASS news agency. Mr Peskov also mocked the notion that the subject of a conversation between the two men could have been kept secret, saying that is a "manifestation of schizophrenia". The length of the talks has been disputed. Ian Bremmer, president of the US-based Eurasia Group, who first reported them in a newsletter to clients, said: "Donald Trump got up from the table and sat down with Putin for about an hour. It was very animated and very friendly." No-one else was nearby, so the topics of discussion were not known, he said. Mr Bremmer had not been at the dinner but said details were given to him by unnamed attendees who, he said, were "flummoxed, confused and startled" by the turn of events. "At summit meetings you have little 'pull-asides' between heads of state to discuss business all the time - a one-hour pull-aside is highly unusual in any context," he told the BBC. "A one-hour pull-aside between Putin and Trump where only the Kremlin translator is there, where we don't know what's discussed, given the uniqueness of the US-Russia relationship... makes the [US] president, surprisingly and disturbingly, not credible." In a statement, a senior White House official said there was no "second meeting", just a brief conversation after dinner. The official said: "The insinuation that the White House has tried to 'hide' a second meeting is false, malicious and absurd. It is not merely perfectly normal, it is part of a president's duties, to interact with world leaders." National Security Council spokesman Michael Anton said: "A conversation over dessert should not be characterised as a meeting." Mr Trump later said on Twitter: "Fake News story of secret dinner with Putin is 'sick.' All G20 leaders, and spouses, were invited by the Chancellor of Germany. Press knew!" The dinner and its attendees have always been known. Only the Trump-Putin discussion had not been reported before. Trump and Putin: Comparing the men At the earlier, formal meeting, their first face-to-face encounter, Mr Trump said he had repeatedly pressed Mr Putin about the allegations of interference in the US vote. "I said, 'Did you do it?' He said, 'No, I did not, absolutely not.' I then asked him a second time, in a totally different way. He said, 'Absolutely not.'" There are congressional investigations, and one by a special counsel, into the allegations of Russian interference in the US election and possible collusion with the Trump team. On Tuesday, the Senate intelligence committee said it wanted to interview Mr Trump's son, Donald Jr, and other members of the Trump team, over a meeting they had with a Russian lawyer in June last year. Mr Trump Jr said he had attended the meeting with Natalia Veselnitskaya as he was promised damaging material on Hillary Clinton, but it did not materialise. On Wednesday, Ms Veselnitskaya told Russia's RT television channel she would be willing to testify before the Senate on the matter. Trump at six months Meanwhile, the White House said Mr Trump would nominate former Utah governor Jon Huntsman as ambassador to Russia, a key post for a president who promised to improve relations with Moscow. Mr Huntsman, who served as ambassador to China and Singapore, needs to have his name confirmed by the Senate. The suspicions over Russian interference are likely to play a significant factor in his confirmation process, correspondents say. | হোয়াইট হাউজ নিশ্চিত করেছে, জি২০ সম্মেলনে রাশিয়ার প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিনের সঙ্গে গোপনে আরেকটি বৈঠক করেছেন মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The rise has been blamed on unusually heavy rains in growing areas, as well as on hoarders and speculators. Prices have jumped to 70 rupees ($1.55; £0.99) per kg from 35 rupees last week. The ban is until 15 January and India is importing onions to ease shortages. Onions are a basic ingredient in many Indian dishes - soaring prices in the past have sparked unrest. High prices of essential commodities such as onions have previously sparked unrest and helped bring down the national government in 2004. Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar told reporters in Delhi on Tuesday that the situation would be back to normal in two to three weeks. Imports of onions have begun arriving in India from its neighbour and rival Pakistan, officials say. As many as 13 truckloads carrying dozens of tonnes of onions had crossed the border at Wagah to supply northern Indian markets, a senior customs official in Amritsar told the Press Trust of India. 'Customers complaining' Indian onion crops have been damaged by unseasonal rains in the bulk producing western states of Maharashtra and Gujarat and in southern states. "The November rains hit us in two ways - they not only destroyed our ready stock but also destroyed the seeds and saplings which might have been used now for a February crop," onion farmer Prabhakar Bodke in Maharashtra told the BBC. "I lost nearly 70% of my onion stock and about 50% of saplings. Even if exports are stopped farmers will not benefit. It is going to be hard for us till August or September next year unless the government steps in to ensure a good price." The BBC's Prachi Pinglay in Mumbai (Bombay) reports that shopkeepers say they are varying their onion prices in line with fluctuating market rates. "Customers are complaining but what can we do? People who used to buy one kilo now buy only half a kilo or as and when they need it instead of stocking it," one grocer, Karan, told the BBC. The rising cost of living is a pressing concern for most Indians. Food price inflation has retreated over recent months, but remains at a high of nearly 10%, a worry for the ruling Congress party ahead of a number of important state elections next year. | ভারতে পেঁয়াজের দাম তিনগুণ বেড়ে যাওয়ার পর সরকার সব ধরণের পেঁয়াজ রপ্তানির ওপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা জারি করেছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Subir BhaumikAssam China claims Arunachal Pradesh as its own, and refers to it as "southern Tibet". Beijing recently strongly objected to India's decision to allow Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama to visit the state and has also protested against the development of military infrastructure there. But India has defended its right to do so. "With China getting more and more aggressive, it is time we strengthened our physical infrastructure to defend our territory," India's junior Home Minister Khiren Rijiju, a native of Arunachal Pradesh, told journalists. Mr Rijiju had earlier said that "Arunachal Pradesh is part of India and that reality will not change, regardless of who likes it or not". Construction of the Dhola Sadiya bridge began in 2011. "It was real tough work, a major engineering challenge, and the speed was slightly affected by some compensation issues," said an official from Navayuga Engineering, the company which constructed the bridge. However, it was completed on schedule. Apart from the bridge, India is constructing a two-lane trans-Arunachal highway, upgrading a World War Two vintage road and undertaking a further four projects to widen roads. Another project, to upgrade a chain of advance landing grounds for heavy lift transport aircraft, has also moved at some speed. This is expected to improve India's strategic airlift capabilities. "We need infrastructure to move up troops and supplies if we have to fight the Chinese and this bridge is a great thing," retired Major General Gaganjit Singh, who has commanded a division in the state, told the BBC. "India did not develop physical infrastructure in Arunachal Pradesh for two decades after the 1962 war as many stupidly believed the Chinese would use the roads if they attacked again. But now we are on the right track." India's Home Minister Rajnath Singh has also stressed the importance of developing physical infrastructure in the state, as part of efforts to defend a long border with China. "We want peace, but peace with honour. We need to be capable of deterring anyone who may think we are weak," Mr Singh told members of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police force that guards parts of the frontier with China. His remarks followed Beijing's strident protests against the "development of military infrastructure in a disputed province". India has already raised two mountain divisions and is going ahead with raising a strike corps to beef up its defences against China. "But troop strength is useless if we don't have the roads and bridges to move them fast when we are threatened. Moving them with heavy equipment quickly to the battlefront holds the key to victory," Major General Singh said. A military engineer told the BBC that the Dhola-Sadiya bridge was capable of supporting 60-ton battle tanks. Locals are also excited about the opening. "It was unimaginable that this crossing could be bridged at a point where six rivers meet, all flowing into the mighty Brahmaputra," Gunjan Saharia, a resident, told the BBC. "I promise this will not just be a military thing, it will help develop the economy of remote regions of Assam and Arunachal, and it will attract tourists in large numbers," Assam Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal said. The bridge will also reduce travel time by as much as eight hours for communities on either side of the river. "It will be great for us, as much as it will be great for the army," Dimbeswar Gogoi of Sadiya told the BBC. | ভারতের উত্তর-পূর্বাঞ্চলীয় রাজ্য আসামের সঙ্গে অরুণাচল প্রদেশকে যুক্ত করে নির্মাণ করা এক সেতু শুক্রবার উদ্বোধন করা হয়েছে যা ভারতের দীর্ঘতম সড়ক সেতু। এটির মোট দৈর্ঘ্য নয় দশমিক পনের কিলোমিটার। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | They were found inside a newly-discovered well at a sacred site in Saqqara, south of the capital, Cairo. Thirteen coffins were discovered earlier this month, but a further 14 have followed, officials say. The discovery is now said by experts to be one of the largest of its kind. Images released show colourfully painted well-preserved wooden coffins and other smaller artefacts. Saqqara was an active burial ground for more than 3,000 years and is a designated Unesco World Heritage Site. "Initial studies indicate that these coffins are completely closed and haven't been opened since they were buried," Egypt's antiquities ministry said in a statement on Saturday. 'More secrets' The statement adds that Egypt's Antiquities Minister Khaled al-Anani initially delayed announcing the find until he could visit the site himself, where he thanked staff for working in difficult conditions down the 11m-deep (36ft) well. Excavation work is continuing at the site as experts attempt to establish more details on the origins of the coffins. The ministry said it hoped to reveal "more secrets" at a press conference in the coming days. Other artefacts discovered around the wooden coffins also appeared to be well-crafted and colourfully decorated. You might also be interested in: In November, a large cache of mummified animals discovered in 2018 by archaeologists near the Step Pyramid of Saqqara were displayed to the public for the first time. The discovery included mummified cats, crocodiles, cobras and birds. Saqqara, located around 30km (18 miles) south of Cairo, is an ancient burial ground that served as the necropolis for Memphis, the capital of ancient Egypt, for more than two millennia. In recent years, Egypt has ramped up its promotion of its archaeological finds in a bid to revive its vital but flagging tourism industry. | মিশরে প্রাচীন এক গোরস্থানে আড়াই হাজার বছরেরও বেশি সময় আগে কবর দেওয়া ২৭টি শবাধার বা কফিন উত্তোলন করা হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Last month, US media - citing intelligence officials - reported he had died in an air strike. He was officially designated by the US as a global terrorist two years ago. He was widely seen as a potential successor to his father. Thought to be about 30, he had sent out calls for attacks on the US and other countries. "Hamza Bin Laden, the high-ranking al-Qaeda member and son of Osama Bin Laden, was killed in a United States counter-terrorism operation in the Afghanistan/Pakistan region," Mr Trump said in a brief statement issued by the White House. "The loss of Hamza Bin Laden not only deprives al-Qaeda of important leadership skills and the symbolic connection to his father, but undermines important operational activities of the group." The statement did not specify the timing of the operation. As recently as February, the US government had offered $1m (£825,000) for information leading to his capture. Hamza Bin Laden was seen as an emerging leader of al-Qaeda. It was reported in August that he had been killed in a military operation in the last two years and the US government was involved, but the exact date and time were unclear. Al-Qaeda: The basics | আমেরিকান প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প নিশ্চিত করেছেন যে আল কায়দা নেতা ওসামা বিন লাদেনের পুত্র হামজা বিন লাদেন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের চালানো এক অভিযানে মারা গেছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | It said 18 drones and seven cruise missiles were fired from a direction that ruled out Yemen as a source. Yemen's Iran-aligned Houthi rebels have said they are behind the attacks. Iran has denied any involvement and warned it would retaliate against any attack that targeted it. The US has stood by its accusation that Iran was behind the attacks. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said after arriving in Saudi Arabia on Wednesday that it was an "act of war". President Donald Trump said the US had "many options" in response. "There is the ultimate option, and there are options a lot less than that," he said. "And we'll see. We are in a very powerful position." What's in the Saudi findings? The evidence was presented at a defence ministry press briefing, where debris from the drone (UAV) and missile attacks was laid out. Defence ministry spokesman Col Turki al-Malki said the evidence showed the attacks were launched from the north and were “unquestionably sponsored by Iran”. However, Col Malki said the Saudis were still "working to know exactly the launch point". Among the debris was what was said to be a delta wing of an Iranian UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). Col Malki said: "Data recovered from the computers [on the UAV] shows it's Iranian." He said that 18 UAVs had been fired at the Abqaiq oil facility and seven cruise missiles had been launched at both targets. Four cruise missiles struck the Khurais oilfield and the other three fell short of Abqaiq. Col Malki said the missiles that struck had all come from a northerly direction. He showed video of one UAV hitting Abqaiq, along with maps and photographs of the damage. He said of the Khurais attack that the "precision impact of the cruise missiles indicate advanced capability beyond the Iran proxy's [Houthi rebel force's] capacity". Col Malki said details of the launch points could not yet be given, but once they had been determined they would be announced. He said: "Despite Iran's best efforts to make it appear so, their collaboration with their proxy in the region to create this false narrative is clear." He called the attacks "an assault on the international community… Those responsible should be held accountable for their actions". An essential question unanswered Analysis by BBC defence and diplomatic correspondent, Jonathan Marcus. The Saudi military briefing, for all its charts and assembled wreckage, had little to say about the essential question. Were the weapons used in the attacks against the Saudi oil installations actually fired from Iranian soil? All we got was a cryptic statement that they came from the north. There were more details of the weapons themselves: some 25 in all, a mix of UAVs and cruise missiles - the latter identified as the Iranian-built Ya-Ali. Iran was implicated as being deeply involved in the whole affair but that was it. The Saudi investigations are continuing. Off the record, US officials seem already convinced of Iran's direct involvement. So what is going on here? It is the Saudis who seem to be setting the pace. Is this an attempt to give sufficient time to assemble a watertight case against Tehran? Or is this more crisis management - stringing things out in the hope that escalation can be avoided? How has Iran responded? There has been no official response to the briefing so far. The Irna news agency earlier reported that Iran had sent a diplomatic note saying; "If any action takes place against Iran, the action will be faced by Iran's answer immediately." Reuters news agency quoted an adviser to Iran's president as saying the briefing showed Saudi Arabia "knows nothing" about the attacks. A spokesman for Yemen's Houthi rebels said the satellite imagery had been fabricated and that the damage to the Saudi facilities had been played down. Military spokesman Brig-Gen Yahya Sarea stressed again that the Houthis were behind the attacks, and detailed the type and ranges of the missiles and drones they could deploy. What are the next moves? Although the US has made it clear it believes Iran was behind the attacks, President Trump has shown himself generally reluctant to become involved in military responses. On Wednesday he said it was "very easy" to get into military conflict but suggested other lessons from the Middle East proved it then became difficult. Before the Saudi briefing took place, Mr Trump announced he had instructed the Treasury to "substantially increase US sanctions" against Iran following the attacks. Mr Trump said there would be more details within 48 hours. The current sanctions are already wide-ranging, aimed at reducing Iran's oil exports and crippling its economy. Mr Pompeo later met King Salman's son, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, to discuss strategy on the issue. UN experts have left for Saudi Arabia to carry out an inquiry into the attacks, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said, warning of the "devastating consequences" of a major confrontation. What's the background to all this? Abqaiq - run by the Saudi state oil company, Aramco - and the Khurais oilfield were hit in the early hours of Saturday. The Houthis have repeatedly launched rockets, missiles and drones at populated areas in Saudi Arabia. They are in conflict with a Saudi-led coalition which backs a president who the rebels had forced to flee when the Yemeni conflict escalated in March 2015. Iran is the regional rival of Saudi Arabia and an opponent of the US, which pulled out of a treaty aimed at limiting Tehran's nuclear programme after Mr Trump took power. US-Iran tensions have risen markedly this year. The US said Iran was behind attacks on two oil tankers in the Gulf in June and July, as well as on another four in May. Tehran rejected the accusations in both cases. | তেল শোধনাগারে হামলায় ব্যবহৃত ড্রোন ও ক্রুজ মিসাইলের ধ্বংসাবশেষ প্রদর্শন করে সৌদি আরব প্রতিরক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয় বলছে এগুলো প্রমাণ করে ওই হামলায় জড়িত ছিলো ইরান। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Hanna YusufBBC News The aim is to increase spirituality and religious observance through longer prayers and self-control, as Ramadan is seen as an opportunity to replenish one's spirituality. While on the surface that seems simple and straightforward, there are a few myths and misconceptions that have divided opinion over the years. Below are six of those, along with analysis by Shabbir Hassan, an advanced student of Islamic Sciences and Sharia, and a Hafidh of the Koran - meaning he has memorised the entire Koran. In most cases, however, it depends on the school of thought and some of the following points can be open to interpretation. 'Brushing your teeth breaks the fast' Brushing your teeth does not break your fast, according to scholars. Mr Hassan says that sometimes people who are fasting erroneously believe that the slight minty taste from toothpaste is enough to break the fast. Even though many scholars would agree that brushing your teeth is fine, Mr Hassan has some tips for those who are extra cautious. Islands' first mosque opens for Ramadan Should children be allowed to fast? "The best advice would be to use minimal toothpaste - use something that's not very strong, not too minty." He also recommends using the miswak - a teeth-cleaning twig - as it has a very mild and natural taste. It comes from the Salvadora persica tree, which has been recommended by the World Health Organization for oral hygiene use. 'You may not swallow your own saliva' Swallowing your own saliva is perfectly permissible and, in fact, encouraged. "This misconception has no basis at all," says Mr Hassan, "swallowing your saliva is natural. It definitely will not break the fast." What will break the fast, however, is the exchange of bodily fluids with another person. Mo Salah lanterns light up Egypt How to exercise, eat and sleep well during Ramadan "Swallowing someone else's saliva is a slightly different thing that should be avoided while fasting," says Mr Hassan. "You wouldn't be able to kiss your partner or spouse, or be intimate with them. The whole point of fasting is to control your desires, which would include food, drink and having intimate relationships." 'It is just about food and drink' Eating or drinking are not the only activities that would void a fast. Other things that could invalidate the fast include the "sins to do with the tongue", says Mr Hassan. "The fast is less rewarded if you partake in back-biting, gossiping or swearing at other people," he says. 'Accidentally eating or drinking breaks your fast' If you completely and genuinely forget that you were fasting and eat something, your fast is still considered valid as long as you stop as soon as you realise. However, if you accidentally consume something in circumstances that could have been avoidable, for example while performing ablution before prayer, then your fast becomes void. One of the eight steps of ablution includes the rinsing of the mouth, and accidentally swallowing the water during this step would break your fast. Mr Hassan explains: "When you're performing ablution while fasting, you're actually recommended to avoid gargling. You're just supposed to rinse your mouth and spit it out straight away." 'You cannot take medication' The Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) issued a joint warning with the International Glaucoma Association urging people to continue using certain medication, such as eye drops. The MCB also issued a Ramadan Health fact sheet, intended for hospital use, in which it outlines that eye drops, ear drops, injections and urethral infusions are among the medications that do not break the fast. You may also be interested in: However, swallowing medication would invalidate the fast, and it would have to be taken before or after the fast. Mr Hassan says: "Firstly, if you have a medical condition, the first thing to ask is should I be fasting at all? "What's clear cut in the Koran is that you should always follow the advice of the doctor." 'You must fast no matter what' In Islam, fasting is considered obligatory only for those who are medically fit and have reached an age of maturity, which is usually about 15 years. This excludes young children, those who are ill (physically or mentally), frail, travelling, pregnant or breast-feeding, according to the MCB. There are other ways for adults who are unable to fast to reap the spiritual rewards without putting themselves at risk. "If it is a short-term illness that they know they'll recover from - they would be able to make up their fasts on other days," says Mr Hassan. "If it is a long-term condition and they can't make up the fast, then they can perform fidyah - a small donation that you pay per day - which you give to feed a poor family. The sum for the UK is between £4 and £5." | এ সপ্তাহেই শুরু হচ্ছে মুসলমানের পবিত্র রমজান মাস। যারা রোজা রাখেন, তারা সূর্যোদয় থেকে সূর্যাস্ত পর্যন্ত কিছুই মুখে দেননা। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Audrey Schoeman developed severe hypothermia when she was caught in a snowstorm while hiking in the Spanish Pyrenees with her husband in November. Doctors say it is the longest cardiac arrest ever recorded in Spain. Mrs Schoeman, who has made a near-full recovery after the ordeal, says she hopes to be hiking again by spring. The 34-year-old, who lives in Barcelona, began having trouble speaking and moving during severe weather in the Pyrenees, later falling unconscious. Her condition worsened while waiting for emergency services and her husband Rohan believed she was dead. At a press conference on Thursday, Mr Schoeman told Catalan channel TV3: "I was trying to feel a pulse... I couldn't feel a breath, I couldn't feel a heartbeat." When the rescue team arrived two hours later, Mrs Schoeman's body temperature had fallen to 18C. Upon arrival at Barcelona's Vall d'Hebron Hospital, she had no vital signs. But the low mountain temperatures which made Mrs Schoeman ill also helped to save her life, her doctor Eduard Argudo has said. "She looked as though she was dead," he said in a statement. "But we knew that, in the context of hypothermia, Audrey had a chance of surviving." Hypothermia had protected her body and brain from deteriorating while unconscious, Mr Argudo said, despite also bringing her to the brink of death. He added: "If she had been in cardiac arrest for this long at a normal body temperature, she would be dead." In a race against time, doctors treating Mrs Schoeman turned to a specialised machine capable of removing blood, infusing it with oxygen and reintroducing it to the patient. Once her body temperature had reached 30C, they used a defibrillator to jump-start her heart some six hours after emergency services were contacted. Mrs Schoeman was released from hospital 12 days later, with only some lingering issues with the mobility and sensitivity of her hands due to the hypothermia. What happens to the body in very cold temperatures? There have been other cases of adults and children surviving for long periods in very cold temperatures, then being slowly re-warmed in hospital using specialist equipment. But there is always the risk of brain damage. Normal body temperature is around 37C (98.6F). When it goes below 35C, shivering, confusion and tiredness can set in. Below 32C, people can pass out altogether and the heart can stop. In Mrs Schoeman's case, although extremely dangerous, the cold proved to be a blessing. The freezing temperatures appear to have slowed down her heart, blood pressure and breathing to extremely low levels, while protecting the brain from damage. How long her heart stopped for is not clear - she may still have had some circulation, although not detectable. Normally, after about an hour without the heart beating, even in the cold, brain damage would have occurred. "We were very worried about any neurological damage," Mr Argudo added. "Given there are practically no cases of people who have had their heart stop for so long and been revived." Speaking after her recovery, Mrs Schoeman said she had no memory of the six hours. "I didn't really know what was going on in my first day or two that I woke up in intensive care," she said. "But, since then, I've been trying to read more, obviously learning more about hypothermia and it feels really incredible that I survived it." Mrs Schoeman said she was lucky to be alive and paid tribute to hospital staff. "It's like a miracle except it's all because of the doctors," she said. She added that it was likely she would not return to the mountains this winter. "But I hope that in spring we will be able to start hiking again. I don't want this to take away that hobby from me," she said. | ছয় ঘন্টা ধরে হৃদযন্ত্রের স্পন্দন বন্ধ ছিল এমন এক মহিলাকে আবার বাঁচিয়ে তোলা সম্ভব হয়েছে যাকে ডাক্তাররা খুবই বিরল এবং বিস্ময়কর এক ঘটনা বলে বর্ণনা করছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Faranak AmidiWomen’s Affairs Journalist, BBC World Service Egyptian-American feminist and journalist Mona Eltahawy first talked about her experience of sexual assault during Hajj in 2013. She is behind #MosqueMeToo. Muslim men and women from around the world started using the hashtag yesterday and in less than 24 hours it was tweeted 2,000 times. It has gone on to become one of the top ten trends of Farsi Twitter. Many of the women sharing their experiences on Twitter report being groped, inappropriately touched or having someone rub against them in the crowd. For Muslims, the Hajj is the fifth and final pillar of Islam. It is something that every sane adult Muslim must undertake at least once in their lives if they can afford it and are physically able. It is estimated two million Muslims undertake Hajj each year, creating huge crowds in the holy city of Mecca. One of the important aspects of the religion of Islam is female modesty; many women are encouraged to cover their hair and body in public in order to preserve decency and keep themselves safe from male attention or harm. Many Muslim women are taught from a very young age that a hijab, or head covering, is their protection from harassment and assault. Some people also believe that what a women wears, where she goes and what she does can encourage harassment and it is her responsibility to manage this. Many women in countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Afghanistan say they still face sexual harassment and assault on the streets, despite wearing modest dress. #MosqueMeToo supporters say that even in the holiest of places, where they are fully covered and praying, they can be assaulted. Many Iranian and Farsi speaking Twitter users not only shared their experience of harassment but also challenged the belief that wearing the hijab keeps women safe from assault and harassment. In Iran the hijab is mandatory. There are posters in cities and towns comparing unveiled women to unwrapped candy and lollipops attracting unwanted attention from flies. One of the main slogans written on the walls of every office and public building in Iran says, "Hijab is not a limitation, it is your protection." In recent weeks, Iranian authorities have arrested 29 people as part of a crack down on protests against the compulsory hijab. The movement, which has been named "the Girls of Revolution Street", started after a woman took off her headscarf in central Tehran. Not everyone has been supportive of #MosqueMeToo and some people have criticised Mona Eltahawy for bringing up the topic on social media. What is 100 Women? BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year. We create documentaries, features and interviews about their lives, giving more space for stories that put women at the centre. | হজের মতো পবিত্র ধর্মীয় অনুষ্ঠানে গিয়েও যৌন হয়রানির শিকার হতে হয়েছে বলে অভিযোগ করে একদল মুসলিম নারী সোশ্যাল মিডিয়ায় এর বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিবাদে সরব হয়েছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | An investigation by BBC Panorama and the Sunday Times has spoken to 11 British detectives who said they found credible evidence of war crimes. Soldiers should have been prosecuted for the killings, say insiders. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) said it rejected the unsubstantiated allegation of a pattern of cover-ups. Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab told the BBC "all of the allegations, that had evidence, have been looked at". He said "the right balance" had been struck over decisions whether or not to investigate alleged war crimes. The new evidence has come from inside the Iraq Historic Allegations Team (IHAT), which investigated alleged war crimes committed by British troops during the occupation of Iraq, and Operation Northmoor, which investigated alleged war crimes in Afghanistan. The government decided to close IHAT and Operation Northmoor, after Phil Shiner, a lawyer who had taken more than 1,000 cases to IHAT, was struck off as a solicitor following allegations he had paid fixers in Iraq to find clients. But former detectives from IHAT and Operation Northmoor said Phil Shiner's actions were used as an excuse to close down criminal investigations. None of the cases investigated by IHAT or Operation Northmoor resulted in a prosecution. One IHAT detective told Panorama: "The Ministry of Defence had no intention of prosecuting any soldier of whatever rank he was unless it was absolutely necessary, and they couldn't wriggle their way out of it." Another former detective said the victims of war crimes had been badly let down: "I use the word disgusting. And I feel for the families because... they're not getting justice. How can you hold your head up as a British person?" Panorama has re-examined the evidence in a number of alleged war crimes cases. One such case investigated by IHAT was the shooting of an Iraqi policeman by a British soldier on patrol in Basra in 2003. Raid al-Mosawi was shot in an alleyway as he left his family home, and later died from his wounds. The incident was investigated at the time by the British soldier's commanding officer, Maj Christopher Suss-Francksen. Within 24 hours, Maj Suss-Francksen concluded the shooting was lawful because the Iraqi police officer had fired first and the soldier had acted in self-defence. His report said another British soldier had seen the shooting and confirmed the Iraqi had fired first. IHAT detectives spent two years investigating the case and interviewed 80 British soldiers, including the soldier who had supposedly witnessed the shooting. But he told detectives he was not in the alleyway. In his statement to IHAT, this soldier directly contradicted Maj Suss-Francksen's report: "This report is inaccurate and gives the impression that I was an eyewitness. This is not true." The soldier said he had only heard one shot, which suggested the policeman had not fired at all. This was confirmed by other witnesses interviewed by IHAT. Detectives concluded the soldier who shot Raid should be prosecuted for killing the Iraqi police officer and Maj Suss-Francksen should be charged with covering up what happened. But military prosecutors have not taken anyone to court. Maj Suss-Francksen's lawyer said: "My client has not seen the IHAT material and is unable to offer any comment on the quality or reliability of the evidence gathered by the IHAT investigators or why it was insufficient to satisfy a prosecution of any soldier under UK law." Operation Northmoor was set up by the government in 2014 and looked into 52 alleged illegal killings. Its closure was announced by the government before Royal Military Police detectives even had a chance to interview the key Afghan witnesses. One Northmoor detective said: "I wouldn't write off a job until I have spoken to both parties. If you are writing off a job and the only thing you have got is the British account, how is that an investigation? "My view is that every one of those deaths deserved to be examined and due process of law to take place." The MoD said military operations are conducted in accordance with the law and there had been an extensive investigation of allegations. "Investigations and decisions to prosecute are rightly independent from the MoD and have involved external oversight and legal advice," a spokesperson told the BBC. "After careful consideration of referred cases, the independent Service Prosecuting Authority decided not to prosecute." "The BBC's claims have been passed to the Service Police and the Service Prosecuting Authority who remain open to considering allegations." Quizzed about the allegations on the Andrew Marr Show on Sunday, Mr Raab said the UK wanted "to have accountability where there's wrongdoing". He said: "What we're quite rightly doing is making sure spurious claims or claims without evidence don't lead to the shadow of suspicion, the cloud of suspicion hanging over people who have served their country for years on end - and we've got the right balance." Mr Raab refused to be drawn on whether these claims were new to him, and said that prosecuting authorities for the British armed forces are "some of the most rigorous in the world". Meanwhile, a lawyer who has represented several soldiers investigated by IHAT, dismissed the claims of war crimes as "flawed, baseless and biased". Hilary Meredith, chair of Hilary Meredith Solicitors, said the claims were a "witch hunt against our brave servicemen" which "had no credibility whatsoever". She added: "Solicitor Phil Shiner, who masterminded countless false claims, was struck off the role of solicitors for good reason - he was found guilty of charges including dishonesty over false witness accounts about UK soldiers' actions." Panorama, War Crimes Scandal Exposed is on BBC One at 21:00 GMT on Monday 18 November. | আফগানিস্তান এবং ইরাকে ব্রিটিশ বাহিনীর হাতে বেসামরিক নাগরিক নিহত হবার ধামাচাপা দেবার অভিযোগ উঠেছে যুক্তরাজ্যের সরকার এবং দেশটির সেনাবাহিনীর বিরুদ্ধে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The killings started with an attack on Thursday on a local leader of ANP party. Police said most of the killings had been drive-by shootings. Hundreds of people have been killed in ethnic and sectarian conflict in Karachi since 2008. Many attribute the killings to fighting between two ethnic parties for political space in the city. An ANP spokesman told the BBC that party leader Bashir Jan was slightly injured in the attack. His bodyguard was seriously wounded. The shooting raised tensions across the city of 17 million people, leading to further drive-by shootings, which continued overnight. The dead included a Geo TV reporter, Wali Khan Babar, who was shot five times at point blank range, the channel reported. It said Mr Babar, 28, was driving home in his car on Thursday night when another car drove alongside his vehicle. One of the occupants of that car fired at him, killing him instantly. Mr Babar was an ethnic Pashtun from the Zhobe district of Balochistan province. The ANP, which is supported by the Pashtun population of Karachi, says its workers and sympathisers are being targeted by the city's dominant party MQM [Muttahida Qaumi Movement] to prevent it from extending its political clout. The MQM denies this, and says that Taliban militants among the Pashtun population are targeting MQM activists in a bid to extend their control of the city. There have also been hundreds of killings of a sectarian nature in Karachi. The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, an independent rights group, said in a report in December that at least 711 people had died in "targeted killings" in Karachi between January and November of 2010. | থাইল্যান্ডের রাজধানী ব্যাংককের উত্তর-পূর্বে নাখন রাতচাসিমা শহর যা কিনা কোরাট নামে পরিচিত, সেখানে এক থাই সেনার এলোপাথাড়ি গুলিতে অন্তত ১২জন নিহত এবং অনেকে আহত হয়েছেন বলে জানিয়েছে পুলিশ। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Jane WakefieldTechnology reporter These female helpers are portrayed as "obliging and eager to please", reinforcing the idea that women are "subservient", it finds. Particularly worrying, it says, is how they often give "deflecting, lacklustre or apologetic responses" to insults. The report calls for technology firms to stop making voice assistants female by default. The study from Unesco (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is entitled, I'd blush if I could, which is borrowed from a response from Siri to being called a sexually provocative term. "Companies like Apple and Amazon, staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams, have built AI systems that cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch-me-if-you-can flirtation," the report says. "Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are... docile helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like 'hey' or 'OK'. The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility," the report says. "In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment." Research firm Canalys estimates that approximately 100 million smart speakers - the hardware that allows users to interact with voice assistants - were sold globally in 2018. And, according to research firm Gartner, by 2020 some people will have more conversations with voice assistants than with their spouses. Voice assistants now manage an estimated one billion tasks per month, according to the report, and the vast majority - including those designed by Chinese tech giants - have obviously female voices. Microsoft's Cortana was named after a synthetic intelligence in the video game Halo that projects itself as a sensuous unclothed woman, while Apple's Siri means "beautiful woman who leads you to victory" in Norse. While Google Assistant has a gender-neutral name, its default voice is female. Apple did make a male Siri voice available in 2013 and that is the default voice in languages including British, Arabic and French. The report calls on developers to create a neutral machine gender for voice assistants, to programme them to discourage gender-based insults and to announce the technology as non-human at the outset of interactions with human users. A group of linguists, technologists and sound designers are experimenting with a genderless digital voice, made from real voices and called Q. The report also highlights the digital skills gender gap, from lack of internet use among girls and women in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia, to the decline of ICT studies being taken up by girls in Europe. According to the report, women make up just 12% of AI researchers. | কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা সম্পন্ন বিভিন্ন ভয়েজ অ্যাসিসটেন্টগুলোয় নারী কণ্ঠস্বরের ব্যবহার ক্ষতিকর লিঙ্গ বৈষম্যকে স্থায়ী করে তুলছে বলে জাতিসংঘের এক গবেষণায় উঠে এসেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | This is despite not one of the 30-or-so passengers on board the vehicle in southern Karnataka state complaining about their furry chauffeur. However, when a video of the relaxed - and apparently competent - langur monkey taking the wheel went viral, the human driver's employers took action. The safety of passengers cannot be put at risk by "allowing a monkey on the steering" wheel, a spokesman said. Somewhat unsurprisingly, this has not been an entirely popular decision with internet users delighted by the short clip. "So sweet. Why suspend. He should have been warned not to repeat this," Parag Heda tweeted. The incident took place on Monday, according to the government's road transport corporation - which only learned of the unusual driver's actions after the video went viral. According to witnesses, the monkey boarded the vehicle with another passenger but refused to sit anywhere but up front as the bus travelled around Davanagere. The driver, named as M Prakash, seemed to be unconcerned by this turn of events, allowing his new friend to sit on the steering wheel as they continued their journey. In fairness to Mr Prakash, he does appear to have one hand on the wheel at all times. And in fairness to the monkey, he does seem to be paying attention to the road ahead - although whether he had mastered the mirrors is unclear. According to reports, the monkey eventually reached his destination and left the driver to carry on with his day. | ভারতের কর্ণাটকে হনুমানকে বাস 'চালাতে' দেওয়ার অপরাধে একজন চালককে সাময়িকভাবে বরখাস্ত করা হয়েছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent There have been more than 60 confirmed cases of the new coronavirus, but UK experts estimate a figure nearer 1,700. Two people are known to have died from the respiratory illness, which appeared in Wuhan city in December. "I am substantially more concerned than I was a week ago," disease outbreak scientist Prof Neil Ferguson, said. The work was conducted by the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at Imperial College London, which advises bodies including the UK government and the World Health Organization (WHO). Singapore and Hong Kong have been screening air passengers from Wuhan, and US authorities announced similar measures starting on Friday at three major airports in San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York. How were the numbers calculated? The crucial clue to the scale of the problem lies in the cases being detected in other countries. While the outbreak is centred on the central Chinese city of Wuhan, there have been two cases in Thailand and one in Japan. "That caused me to worry," said Prof Ferguson. He added: "For Wuhan to have exported three cases to other countries would imply there would have to be many more cases than have been reported." It is impossible to get the precise number, but outbreak modelling, which is based on the virus, the local population and flight data, can give an idea. Wuhan International Airport serves a population of 19 million people, but only 3,400 a day travel internationally. The detailed calculations, which have been posted online ahead of publication in a scientific journal, came up with a figure of 1,700 cases. What does it all mean? Prof Ferguson said it was "too early to be alarmist" but he was "substantially more concerned" than a week ago. Chinese officials say there have been no cases of the virus spreading from one person to another. Instead they say the virus has crossed the species barrier and come from infected animals at a seafood and wildlife market in Wuhan. Prof Ferguson argues: "People should be considering the possibility of substantial human-to-human transmission more seriously than they have so far. "It would be unlikely in my mind, given what we know about coronaviruses, to have animal exposure, be the principal cause of such a number of human infections." Understanding how a novel virus is spreading is a crucial part of assessing its threat. The WHO's China office said the analysis was helpful and would help officials plan the response to the outbreak. "Much remains to be understood about the new coronavirus," it said. "Not enough is known to draw definitive conclusions about how it is transmitted, the clinical features of the disease, the extent to which it has spread, or its source, which remains unknown." What is this virus? Viral samples have been taken from patients and analysed in the laboratory. And officials in China and the World Health Organization have concluded the infection is a coronavirus. Coronaviruses are a broad family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people. At the mild end they cause the common cold, but severe acute respiratory syndrome (Sars) is a coronavirus that killed 774 of the 8,098 people infected in an outbreak that started in China in 2002. Analysis of the genetic code of the new virus shows it is more closely related to Sars than any other human coronavirus. The virus has caused pneumonia in some patients and been fatal in two of them. What do other experts say? Dr Jeremy Farrar, director of the Wellcome medical research charity, said: "There is more to come from this epidemic. "Uncertainty and gaps remain, but it's clear that there is some level of person-to-person transmission. "We are starting to hear of more cases in China and other countries and it is likely, as this modelling shows, that there will be many more cases in a number of countries." Prof Jonathan Ball, from the University of Nottingham, said: "What's really important is until there has been widespread laboratory testing it is very difficult to put a real number on the cases out there. "But this is a figure we should take seriously until we know otherwise, 41 animal-to-human 'spillovers' is stretching it a bit and there probably is more underlying infection than has been detected so far." Follow James on Twitter. | চীনে রহস্যজনক ভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত হওয়া মানুষের সংখ্যা দেশটির সরকারি ভাবে প্রকাশিত সংখ্যার তুলনায় আরো অনেক বেশি বলে বিবিসিকে জানিয়েছেন বিজ্ঞানীরা। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The death toll from the quake, which also struck the Greek island of Samos, has risen to 30, with over 800 injured. A mother and three children were freed in Izmir 18 hours after the quake, as hundreds of aftershocks hit the area. The US Geological Survey (USGS) said the earthquake was 7.0 magnitude, but Turkey put it lower at 6.6. The shallow tremor triggered tidal waves that hit coastal areas and islands in both Turkey and Greece. Twenty-eight people were killed in Izmir, in the west of Turkey, officials said. A girl and a boy died in Samos when a wall collapsed on them. What's the latest? Work continued through the night to search for survivors in 20 buildings in Izmir that were destroyed as a result of the earthquake. Officials said search and rescue operations had been completed in eight buildings, while operations continued in nine other locations. A mother and three children who had been trapped for almost 18 hours under a building were brought out by rescuers. Efforts were continuing to rescue the woman's fourth child. "We are delighted to be hearing miracles happening as a result of diligent work by rescue teams," Izmir Mayor Tunc Soyer told local TV. Some 100 survivors have been pulled out alive from the rubble so far, Turkey's Environment and Urbanisation Minister Murat Kurum told reporters. Mr Soyer said about another 180 remained trapped. Authorities in central Izmir have set up a tent area to house about 2,000 people overnight, amid fears that more buildings could collapse. Nearly 4,000 rescue workers, 475 vehicles and 20 sniffer dogs have been deployed, Turkey's state-run Anadolu news agency reports. But their work has been hampered by nearly 400 aftershocks, according to Turkey's national disaster agency Afad, with 33 of these more powerful than 4.0 magnitude. Rescuers are working hour after hour searching for life under mounds of crushed concrete. There are clusters of distraught relatives outside a flattened apartment block, which was eight stories high. As many as 40 residents are still unaccounted for - among them 15-year-old twins. Field kitchens and tents have been set up for those who are homeless and traumatised. Turkey is now suffering from collective aftershock - as local TV channels provide continuous coverage of the rescue efforts. This was the second powerful earthquake this year. There are renewed fears about the active fault lines beneath the country. Many worry when the next deadly quake may come. What happened on Friday? The earthquake struck 14km (nine miles) off the Greek town of Karlovasi on Samos island at 13:51 local time (11:51 GMT), according to the USGS. It said the quake - which was felt as far away as Athens and Istanbul - struck at a depth of 21km (13 miles), although Turkish officials said it was 16km below ground. Most of the damage occurred in Izmir, off Turkey's Aegean coast - where the tremor sent many people running out into the streets in fear and panic. "It was a really strong shaker almost enough to knock you off your feet. Running out of the house with my children was like a drunken wobble," Chris Bedford, a retired British teacher who lives in Urla, west of Izmir, told the BBC. There were reports of flooding in Izmir after the sea level rose, with one person killed after their wheelchair was hit and overturned by rising water. Izmir is Turkey's third largest city with a population of nearly three million. Turkey and Greece both sit on fault lines and earthquakes are common. What about Greece? Two teenagers were killed when a wall collapsed on Samos. Eight people were injured across the island, where about 45,000 people reside. A mini-tsunami flooded the port of Samos and a number of buildings were damaged. Greek officials put the magnitude of the tremor at 6.7. "We felt it very strongly," local journalist Manos Stefanakis told the BBC, adding that smaller aftershocks were continuing. He said it was the biggest tremor to have hit the island since 1904. Fareid Atta, another Samos-based journalist, told the BBC that the damage was "quite extensive along the seafront" of the island's main town. "Many businesses will be going under after this," he said. Residents were urged to stay outdoors and keep away from coastal areas. Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said he had offered his condolences to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. "Whatever our differences, these are times when our people need to stand together," Mr Mitsotakis wrote in a tweet. Mr Erdogan later responded in a tweet: "Turkey, too, is always ready to help Greece heal its wounds. That two neighbours show solidarity in difficult times is more valuable than many things in life." Relations between Greece and Turkey have been particularly strained in recent months by a dispute relating to control of territorial waters in the Mediterranean and the resources beneath them. In January more than 30 people were killed and more than 1,600 injured when an earthquake struck Sivrice in Turkey's eastern Elazig province. In July 2019, the Greek capital Athens was hit by a tremor that knocked out power to large parts of the city. A powerful quake that struck the Turkish city of Izmit, near Istanbul, in 1999 killed about 17,000 people. Are you in an area affected by the earthquake? If it is safe for you to do so share your experiences by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also get in touch in the following ways: If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question or comment or you can email us at [email protected]. Please include your name, age and location with any submission. | তুরস্কে সৈকত নগরী ইজমিরে বিধ্বংসী ভূমিকম্পের একদিন পর ধ্বংসস্তুপের তলা থেকে আজ আরও অনেক মানুষকে জীবিত অবস্থায় উদ্ধার করা হয়েছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Matt BardoBBC Panorama Some readers will find this story disturbing Afghan witnesses describe how 12-year-old Ahmad Shah and 14-year-old Mohammed Tayeb had decided to stay overnight with 17-year-old Naik Mohammed and his 20-year-old brother, Fazel. At around 20:00 local time, UK and Afghan Special Forces made their way into Loy Bagh village and burst into each of the buildings that made up the family home. One UK soldier went into the single-roomed guest house and opened fire. Sultan Mohammed, older brother of Naik and Fazel, was first on the scene after the special forces left. "When I entered the room I saw bones and teeth all over the place. The four of them were lying there, blood everywhere," he said. His mother, Sabbah, stayed in the guest house with the four bodies until dawn. She remembers how cups of tea were still sitting on the floor in the room. She said: "The cups were full of blood. They had shot the boys in the head." The morning after the four young Afghans were killed in Loy Bagh, their bodies were laid out at the village mosque. A crowd gathered as word spread. They were believed to be innocent civilians. Mohammed Ibrahim, then the district governor of Nad-e-Ali, said he was told by the Afghan security agency that the target of the raid had been Fazel Mohammed. "I meet him every day, how could he be a Taliban commander? I can guarantee that's impossible," he said. "If they were Taliban, I would have felt threatened... I would have been the first person to imprison or kill him." A joint investigation between the Sunday Times and BBC Panorama has investigated what happened that day, and reveals evidence that war crimes were committed. "Perpetual motion machine of killing and capturing" Raids like the one in Loy Bagh village were intended to target the Taliban, and they became a common tactic during the war in Afghanistan. The coalition's special forces carried out these "kill or capture" raids, commonly under cover of darkness, in order to hit back at members of the Taliban who coordinated attacks on British troops. The targets came from lists drawn up by intelligence officers. Frank Ledwidge, an expert on warfare and a former military intelligence officer, said: "The night raids, as some people called them, or death squads, as other people might call them - the practice was you were going out whether we've a target or not. It's a sort of perpetual motion machine of killing and capturing." Some of the people killed on these night raids were undoubtedly members of the Taliban, but there is evidence that the intelligence used to select the targets was not always accurate. Philip Alston, the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions until 2010, said he received a lot of allegations of innocent people being killed in night raids. He said: "I have no doubt that overall many of the allegations are justified, and that we can conclude that a large number of civilians were killed in night raids totally unjustifiably." The UN has concluded that coalition forces killed more than 300 innocent civilians in raids like this. Four counts of murder The case of the boys killed in the guest room caused local outrage, and was later investigated by the Royal Military Police (RMP). The RMP linked dozens of suspicious deaths involving special forces as part of a large-scale investigation called Operation Northmoor. BBC Panorama and the Sunday Times have obtained information from insiders. The soldier who killed the boys had reportedly claimed to detectives that he acted in self-defence. He told them he shot two of the four because they were pointing weapons from the window, and he shot at the other two when they appeared out of the shadows. But the boys' families say that cannot be true. They say none of the four had weapons and that they could not have posed a threat to the heavily armed UK special forces soldier. "All four were drinking tea and were killed while they were sitting," said Naik and Fazel's older brother, Sultan Mohammed. Photos obtained by Panorama show the bullet holes in the mud wall of the room. Most of the shots entered the walls approximately two feet off the ground, supporting the family's version of events. RMP detectives wanted the soldier to be charged with four counts of murder. They also wanted to prosecute the officer who commanded the raid for falsifying a report, along with his boss for perverting the course of justice. These were some of the most senior officers in the UK's special forces. They were accused of covering up an incident in which children were killed. Military prosecutors decided not to bring charges and, in 2017, the government announced Operation Northmoor was to be wound down. But when Panorama showed the evidence it had gathered to the former head of the Crown Prosecution Service, Lord Ken MacDonald, he said the case should be re-examined. "The evidence of the bullet marks doesn't seem to be consistent with the account given by the soldier," he said, adding: "It is consistent with the account given by the victims' families. "And if it's right that there was an attempt to falsify documents after the event, that makes me even more suspicious about what happened in that room." The Ministry of Defence (MoD) said military operations are conducted in accordance with the law, and that there had been extensive investigation of allegations. They rejected the "unsubstantiated" allegation of a pattern of cover-ups. It said: "Our military served with great courage and professionalism in Iraq and Afghanistan and we hold them to the highest standards. "After careful consideration of referred cases, the independent Service Prosecuting Authority decided not to prosecute. "Investigations and decisions to prosecute are rightly independent from the MoD and have involved external oversight and legal advice. "The BBC's claims have been passed to the Service Police and the Service Prosecuting Authority who remain open to considering allegations." Panorama, War Crimes Scandal Exposed is on BBC One at 21:00 GMT on Monday 18 November. | ২০১২ সালের ১৮ই অক্টোবর তারিখে ব্রিটেনের বিশেষ বাহিনীর একজন সদস্য আফগানিস্তানের একটি গ্রামে চার আফগান তরুণকে গুলি করে হত্যা করে। তাদের পরিবার জানিয়েছে, এদের মধ্যে তিনজনই ছিল শিশু। এটা একটি যুদ্ধাপরাধের মতো মনে হলেও এজন্য কারো কোন বিচার হয়নি। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Production of the jet had continued despite the model being grounded for nine months after two deadly crashes. More than 300 people died when two 737 Max aircraft crashed in Indonesia and Ethiopia after reported problems with a new feature. Boeing had been hoping to have the planes back in the air by the end of this year. But US regulators made it clear that they would not be certified to return to the skies that quickly. What will Boeing do next? Boeing is one of the largest US exporters. The company said in a statement that it would not lay off workers associated with the 737 Max, but the stoppage is likely to affect suppliers and the wider economy. "Safely returning the 737 Max to service is our top priority," the aircraft manufacturer said. "We know that the process of approving the 737 Max's return to service, and of determining appropriate training requirements, must be extraordinarily thorough and robust, to ensure that our regulators, customers, and the flying public have confidence in the 737 Max updates." What went wrong with the planes? Last week a congressional hearing was told that US aviation regulators were aware, following the first crash in Indonesia in October 2018, that there was a risk of further accidents. The Federal Aviation Authority's analysis suggested there could be more than a dozen more crashes over the lifetime of the aircraft unless changes were made to its design. Despite that, the 737 Max was not grounded until after the second crash in Ethiopia in March 2019. Boeing is redesigning the automated control system thought to have been the primary cause of the crashes. The manufacturer said it had 400 of the 737 Max aircraft in storage and would focus on delivering those to customers. While many airlines around the world have the planes on order, delivery was halted to allow Boeing's engineers to develop software fixes. The situation surrounding the 737 Max is extraordinary. Nine months after the aircraft was grounded worldwide, it is still not clear when it will be certified to fly again. Regulators - criticised for allowing a flawed aircraft to fly in the first place - are now playing hardball. For Boeing, being forced to shut down the production line is deeply embarrassing - and likely to prove costly. But it is a huge business, and it can at least redeploy many of its workers. But if the stoppage goes on for long, suppliers could be badly hit. Boeing sits at the top of a global supply chain, ranging from major businesses to small operators. Here in the UK, for example, the company works across 65 sites, including a factory in Sheffield. But it draws on a network of some 300 suppliers. For smaller firms in particular, losing 737-related work could prove serious - hitting revenues and potentially forcing them to lay off workers as well. What has the reaction been? Travel industry analyst Henry Harteveldt said the decision to suspend production was unprecedented and likely to have a "massive impact on Boeing, its suppliers and the airlines". "It's really going to create some chaos for the airlines that are involved in this as well as the 600 or so companies that are part of the 737 Max supply chain and Boeing itself." The suspension of the 737 Max has already cost Boeing around $9bn (£6.75bn). Boeing shares fell more than 4% on Monday amid speculation production would be suspended. The production freeze is expected to be felt across the plane's global supply chain. Teal Group aviation analyst Richard Aboulafia described Boeing's options for managing the blow to its suppliers as "bad and worse". He said the plane maker could either allow them to take a hit, or pay them to wait for when the 737 Max is finally cleared to fly. US carriers operate the largest 737 Max fleets, though airlines around the world also use it. "The Chinese carriers would [also] be quite badly affected. They're some of the biggest users of the Max," said Shukor Yusof, aviation analyst at Endau Analytics. In fact, China's three largest carriers were among the first to press Boeing for compensation over the grounded planes. Aviation analyst Chris Tarry told the Today programme: "The last thing any manufacturer wants is to stop the production line and it's going to take time to get it going again when the aircraft takes to the skies. "If we look at it in terms of the volume of the impact on capacity growth in the industry, it is significant and it will take time to recover the production. Boeing's reputation will take time to recover from this as well." How are other businesses affected? Some suppliers, such as fuselage maker Spirit AeroSystems, are highly dependent on the jet, with half of its revenue attached to it, according to Mr Aboulafia. So far, the supplier has only said it is "working closely" with Boeing to determine what impact the production suspension may have. The move by Boeing is unlikely to affect passengers as airlines have leased additional aircraft to replace the 737 Max. It's a different story for airlines, who have the added expense of leasing planes and managing their grounded aircraft. In July, Boeing set aside nearly $5bn to compensate those affected. However, that figure assumed that the 737 Max would fly again this year. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের বিমান নির্মাতা কোম্পানি বোয়িং সাময়িকভাবে তাদের ম্যাক্স ৭৩৭ বিমানের উৎপাদন বন্ধ করার ঘোষণা দিয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The firm had axed its iPhone rival in October last year after an earlier botched recall and re-release. The recall is thought to have cost $5.3bn (£4.3bn) and was hugely damaging for the South Korean firm's reputation. On Monday, Samsung said that neither software nor hardware were at fault, only the batteries. Internal and independent investigations "concluded that batteries were found to be the cause of the Note 7 incidents", the South Korean technology giant said in a statement. So what went wrong? The company said that errors both in design and manufacturing affected batteries by two different manufacturers. According to the findings, the problems centred on insufficient insulation material within the batteries and a design that did not give enough room to safely accommodate the batteries' electrodes. Samsung said it was "taking responsibility for our failure to ultimately identify and verify the issues arising out of the battery design and manufacturing process". The smartphone giant did not name the battery suppliers during their Monday presentation, though last year had identified them as their affiliate Samsung SDI and Chinese company Amperex Technology. Samsung said it did not plan to take legal action and that it accepted responsibility for asking the suppliers to meet certain specifications. "Samsung has done what they needed to do for now but the true test will need to happen over time," analyst Bryan Ma of IDC told the BBC. "If successive products can be delivered consistently without incident in the next year or so, then they will be in a better position to regain consumers' trust." Launched in August 2016, Samsung's Note 7 device was marketed as a large-screen top-end device and positioned as a rival to Apple's iPhone. But in September, Samsung had to recall about 2.5 million phones after complaints of overheating and exploding batteries. The firm insisted that all replaced devices were safe. However, that was followed by reports that those phones were also overheating. Lessons to learn The company said there would be no repeat of the fires in future devices such as the upcoming S8. "We look forward to moving ahead with a renewed commitment to safety. The lessons of the past several months are now deeply reflected in our processes and in our culture." The firm also said it would not unveil its upcoming Galaxy S8 phone at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, as had been expected, suggesting the flagship model's launch may be later in the year. The head of the firm's smartphone business, Koh Dong-jin said the phone would not get a launch event at the event in Barcelona in February unlike previous Galaxy S smartphones. Samsung Note 7 - how events unfolded | বিশ্বের সবচাইতে বড় স্মার্টফোন কোম্পানি স্যামসাং এক তদন্তের পর সোমবার স্বীকার করেছে যে ত্রুটিপূর্ণ ব্যাটারির কারণেই গ্যালাক্সি নোট সেভেন মডেলের ফোনে আগুন ধরে যাওয়ার ঘটনা ঘটেছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Henderson Island, part of the UK's Pitcairn Islands group, has an estimated 37.7 million pieces of debris on its beaches. The island is near the centre of an ocean current, meaning it collects much rubbish from boats and South America. Researchers hope people will "rethink their relationship with plastic". The joint Australian and British study said the rubbish amounted to 671 items per square metre and a total of 17 tonnes. "A lot of the items on Henderson Island are what we wrongly refer to as disposable or single-use," said Dr Jennifer Lavers from the University of Tasmania. The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, described how remote islands act as a "sink" for the world's rubbish. In addition to fishing items, Henderson Island was strewn with everyday things including toothbrushes, cigarette lighters and razors. "Land crabs are making their homes inside bottle caps, containers and jars," Dr Lavers told the BBC. "At first it looks a little bit cute, but it's not. This plastic is old, it's sharp, it's brittle and toxic." A large number of hard hats of "every shape, colour and size" were also discovered, the marine scientist said. Scale of waste Henderson Island is listed by Unesco as a coral atoll with a relatively unique ecology, notable for 10 plant and four bird species. It is 190km (120 miles) from Pitcairn Island, about 5,000km from Chile, and sits near the centre of the South Pacific Gyre - a massive rotating current. The condition of the island highlighted how plastic debris has affected the environment on a global scale, Dr Lavers said. "Almost every island in the world and almost every species in the ocean is now being shown to be impacted one way or another by our waste," she said. "There's not really any one person or any one country that gets a free pass on this." She said plastic was devastating to oceans because it was buoyant and durable. The research was conducted by the University of Tasmania's Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, and the Centre for Conservation Science at the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Reporting by the BBC's Greg Dunlop | দক্ষিণ প্রশান্ত মহাসাগরে প্রত্যন্ত জন-মানবহীন দ্বীপের সাগরতীরে প্রায় ৩৮ মিলিয়ন প্লাস্টিক এবং আবর্জনার টুকরো জড় হয়েছে। বিশ্বের যে কোনো জায়গার তুলনায় প্লাস্টিক বর্জ্যের ঘনত্ব এখানে সবচেয়ে বেশি । |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The Liverpool researchers found obesity and mental health were closely linked, and gradually increased throughout childhood. Girls tended to have higher BMIs and more emotional problems than boys. Although the study didn't look at causes, it said poverty was likely to increase the risk of both problems. The findings, to be presented at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Glasgow, strengthen the case for early prevention in overweight children, the researchers said. The researchers analysed information on more than 17,000 children born in the UK between 2000 and 2002, using statistical modelling to measure the link between obesity and emotional problems. They had information on children's height and weight (BMI) as well as reports on their emotional problems, provided by their parents, at ages three, five, seven, 11 and 14 years old. From the age of seven, the study found obesity and emotional problems were closely linked. But the link wasn't apparent in younger children. 'Not as simple as eating less' Dr Charlotte Hardman, senior psychology lecturer at the University of Liverpool, said the findings showed obesity and emotional problems were likely to develop hand-in-hand in childhood. She said that was important for those who treat children with obesity. "People think it's as simple as eating less and exercising more - but it's much more complex than that. "Obesity and emotional problems are intertwined." She said it was already known that obesity and mental health problems were interlinked in adulthood, and the same could be true in childhood. "From the age of seven, mental health and obesity appear to be entwined and exacerbate each other." Dr Hardman said that meant children "being stuck in vicious cycles". "As both rates of obesity and emotional problems in childhood are increasing, understanding their co-occurrence is an important public health concern, as both are linked with poor health in adulthood," she said. The study is published in JAMA Psychiatry. | স্থূলতার শিকার সাত বছরের শিশুরা রাগ এবং গুটিয়ে রাখার মতো আবেগ তাড়িত সমস্যায় ভোগার বড় ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে বলে যুক্তরাজ্যের একটি গবেষণা বলছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The letter said the US would be "repositioning forces in the coming days and weeks" after Iraqi MPs had called for them to leave. Mr Esper said there had been "no decision whatsoever to leave". The confusion came amid threats to American forces after the US killed top Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani. He died in a US drone strike in Baghdad on Friday on the orders of Mr Trump. The killing has sharply increased regional tensions, with Iran threatening "severe revenge". What was in the letter? It appeared to have been sent by Brig Gen William H Seely, head of the US military's task force in Iraq, to Abdul Amir, the deputy director of Combined Joint Operations. It starts: "Sir, in due deference to the sovereignty of the Republic of Iraq, and as requested by the Iraqi Parliament, and the Prime Minister, CJTF-OIR (Combined Joint Task Force - Operation Inherent Resolve) will be repositioning forces over the course of the coming days and weeks to prepare for onward movement." The letter says certain measures, including increased air traffic, will be conducted "during hours of darkness" to "ensure the movement out of Iraq is conducted in a safe and efficient manner". It would also "alleviate any perception that we may be bringing more Coalition Forces into the IZ (Green Zone in Baghdad)". How has it been explained? Mr Esper told reporters in Washington: "There's been no decision whatsoever to leave Iraq. I don't know what that letter is... We're trying to find out where that's coming from." The highest-ranking US soldier, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mark Milley, then appeared at a briefing, saying the letter was "a mistake". He said it was a draft which was poorly worded, had not been signed and should not have been released. It was being circulated for input, including from Iraqis. "[The letter] was sent over to some key Iraqi military guys in order to get things co-ordinated for air movements, etc. Then it went from that guy's hands to another guy's hands and then it went to your hands. Now it's a kerfuffle." Gen Milley reiterated that US troops were not leaving. So what is happening? Gen Milley said the issue was being "worked" with the Iraqis, but gave no details. BBC defence correspondent Jonathan Beale said he had been told by a coalition source that the letter was to let the Iraqis know the US was moving troops out of the Green Zone to provide protection elsewhere and did not mean a withdrawal. This has been backed up by other coalition sources, telling separate reporters that the move was to "thin out" the Baghdad personnel. Why are US troops in Iraq? In 2003, US-led forces invaded Iraq to overthrow President Saddam Hussein and eliminate weapons of mass destruction that turned out to not to exist. President George W Bush promised a "free and peaceful Iraq", but the country was engulfed by a sectarian insurgency that cost tens of thousands of lives. US combat troops withdrew in 2011 after Washington and Baghdad failed to negotiate a new agreement governing their status. In 2014, when the Islamic State (IS) group seized control of large parts of Iraq, US forces returned at the invitation of the Iraqi government as part of an international coalition tasked with training and advising the Iraqi security forces. The Baghdad government declared the military defeat of IS at the end of 2017, but about 5,000 US personnel remained to help local forces prevent a jihadist resurgence. Despite continuing IS attacks, some Iraqi political groups - many of them linked to Iran - began calling on the US troops to leave. Outgoing Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi called the US strike that killed Qasem Soleimani a "clear breach of the terms of the American forces' presence". Days later, the Iraqi parliament approved a non-binding bill urging the government to "cancel the request for help it presented to the international coalition". The bill was backed by most Shia Arab MPs, who hold a majority of seats. Almost 150 Sunni Arab and Kurdish MPs abstained. It was not immediately clear whether Mr Abdul Mahdi's caretaker administration had the legal authority to end the US military presence. | ইরাক থেকে মার্কিন সৈন্যদের সরে যাওয়ার খবর প্রত্যাখ্যান করেছেন প্রতিরক্ষামন্ত্রী মার্ক এসপার। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Footage showed a huge blaze at Abqaiq, site of Aramco's largest oil processing plant, while a second drone attack started fires in the Khurais oilfield. The fires are now under control at both facilities, state media said. A spokesman for the Iran-aligned Houthi group in Yemen said it had deployed 10 drones in the attacks. The military spokesman, Yahya Sarea, told al-Masirah TV, which is owned by the Houthi movement and is based in Beirut, that further attacks could be expected in the future. He said Saturday's attack was one of the biggest operations the Houthi forces had undertaken inside Saudi Arabia and was carried out in "co-operation with the honourable people inside the kingdom". Saudi Arabia is said to be shutting down around half of its oil output, the Wall Street Journal reports. Officials have not yet commented on who they think is behind the attacks. "At 04:00 (01:00 GMT), the industrial security teams of Aramco started dealing with fires at two of its facilities in Abqaiq and Khurais as a result of... drones," the official Saudi Press Agency reported. "The two fires have been controlled." There have been no details on the damage but Agence France-Presse quoted interior ministry spokesman Mansour al-Turki as saying there were no casualties. Abqaiq is about 60km (37 miles) south-west of Dhahran in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, while Khurais, some 200km further south-west, has the country's second largest oilfield. Saudi security forces foiled an attempt by al-Qaeda to attack the Abqaiq facility with suicide bombers in 2006. An attack method open to all Jonathan Marcus, BBC defence and diplomatic correspondent This latest attack underlines the strategic threat posed by the Houthis to Saudi Arabia's oil installations. The growing sophistication of the Houthis' drone operations is bound to renew the debate as to where this capability comes from. Have the Houthis simply weaponised commercial civilian drones or have they had significant assistance from Iran? The Trump administration is likely to point the finger squarely at Tehran, but experts vary in the extent to which they think Iran is facilitating the drone campaign. The Saudi Air Force has been pummelling targets in Yemen for years. Now the Houthis have a capable, if much more limited, ability to strike back. It shows that the era of armed drone operations being restricted to a handful of major nations is now over. Drone technology - albeit of varying degrees of sophistication - is available to all; from the US to China, Israel and Iran... and from the Houthis to Hezbolllah. Markets await news from key facilities Analysis by BBC business correspondent Katie Prescott Aramco ranks as the world's largest oil business and these facilities are significant. The Khurais oilfield produces about 1% of the world's oil and Abqaiq is the company's largest facility - with the capacity to process 7% of the global supply. Even a brief or partial disruption could affect the company, and the oil supply, given their size. But whether this will have an impact on the oil price come Monday will depend on just how extensive the damage is. Markets now have the weekend to digest information from Aramco and assess the long-term impact. According to Richard Mallinson, geopolitical analyst at Energy Aspects, any reaction on Monday morning is likely to be muted, as markets are less worried about supply than demand at the moment, due to slower global economic growth and the ongoing trade war between the US and China. However, there are concerns that escalating tensions in the region could pose a broader risk, potentially threatening the fifth of the world's oil supply that goes through the critical Strait of Hormuz. Who are the Houthis? The Iran-aligned Houthi rebel movement has been fighting the Yemeni government and a Saudi-led coalition. Yemen has been at war since 2015, when President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi was forced to flee the capital Sanaa by the Houthis. Saudi Arabia backs President Hadi, and has led a coalition of regional countries against the rebels. The coalition launches air strikes almost every day, while the Houthis often fire missiles into Saudi Arabia. Mr Sarea, the Houthi group's military spokesman, told al-Masirah that operations against Saudi targets would "only grow wider and will be more painful than before, so long as their aggression and blockade continues". Houthi fighters were blamed for drone attacks on the Shaybah natural gas liquefaction facility last month and on other oil facilities in May. There have been other sources of tension in the region, often stemming from the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran. Saudi Arabia and the US both blamed Iran for attacks in the Gulf on two oil tankers in June and July, allegations Tehran denied. In May, four tankers, two of them Saudi-flagged, were damaged by explosions within the UAE's territorial waters in the Gulf of Oman. Saudi Arabia and then US National Security Adviser John Bolton blamed Iran. Tehran said the accusations were "ridiculous". Tension in the vital shipping lanes worsened when Iran shot down a US surveillance drone over the Strait of Hormuz in June, leading a month later to the Pentagon announcing the deployment of US troops to Saudi Arabia. | সৌদি আরবে চালকবিহীন বিমান বা ড্রোন দিয়ে দুটি তেল শোধনাগারের ওপর আক্রমণ চালানো হয়েছে। দুটি শোধনাগারই রাষ্ট্রনিয়ন্ত্রিত তেল কোম্পানি আরামকোর পরিচালনাধীন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | A boy of 15 being treated in Bangladesh lost both legs while a woman at the same hospital said she had trodden on a landmine after being fired on. The area was mined in the 1990s but Bangladeshi sources say Myanmar's army recently planted new mines - an allegation denied by Myanmar officials. More than 300,000 Rohingya have fled a brutal security crackdown in Myanmar. On Monday UN human rights chief Zeid Raad al-Hussein said that a "cruel military operation" was taking place, calling it "a textbook example of ethnic cleansing". What sparked latest violence in Rakhine? The Rohingya, a stateless mostly Muslim minority in Buddhist-majority Rakhine, have long experienced persecution in Myanmar, which says they are illegal immigrants. Bangladesh's Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina, is due to visit one of her country's main refugee camps for Rohingya. She said earlier that Myanmar had to solve a problem of its own making. The White House has called on Myanmar to respect the rule of law and end the displacement of civilians. Aung San Suu Kyi, Myanmar's de facto leader, is facing mounting criticism for failing to protect the Rohingya. 'Suffering so much' On Sunday the human rights group Amnesty International accused the authorities of laying landmines at border crossings used by fleeing Rohingya. Bangladeshi government sources made the same allegation speaking to Reuters news agency last week. The hospital visited by the BBC has seen an influx of people with landmine injuries, doctors say. The 15-year-old boy, Azizu Haque, arrived with his legs destroyed. His brother, in another hospital, suffered the same fate, his mother says. "Their injuries are so bad it's as if they are dead," she told the BBC. "It's better that Allah [God] takes them, they are suffering so much." The injured woman, Sabequr Nahar, says she fled Myanmar because the military had been targeting her community, and she was crossing the border with her three sons when she stepped on a landmine. "We'd been fired on, shot at, and they planted mines," the 50-year-old said. Horrific injuries - by Reeta Chakrabarti, BBC News, Bangladesh Azizu Haque's body has been devastated by a blast, his legs gone, and parts of his torso also injured. His doctor is visibly emotional when he talks of trying to save him - he doesn't expect to be successful. Azizu has a rare blood type, and the hospital has no blood bank, and has run out of donors. Next door in the women's ward, Sabequr Nahar is a tiny, exhausted figure. She says she crossed the Myanmar border behind her three sons - they got through unscathed. It is unclear who laid the traps that caused these injuries - and when - but the condition of these people nevertheless raises questions about the Myanmar government's version of events. How the did the violence start? The violence began on 25 August when Rohingya militants attacked police posts in the northern state of Rakhine, killing 12 security personnel. The attacks triggered a vast security operation that has drawn international criticism. Rohingya who have fled Myanmar say villages have been burned and civilians attacked in a brutal campaign to drive them out. The UN Security Council said it was looking to meet on Wednesday to discuss the violence after Sweden and the UK requested a closed-door meeting on the "deteriorating situation" in Rakhine state. Bangladesh is already host to hundreds of thousands of Rohingya who have fled previous outbreaks of violence in Rakhine. Existing refugee camps are full and the new arrivals are sleeping rough in whatever space they can find, reports say. The Rohingya are extremely unpopular inside Myanmar. On Sunday, police fired rubber bullets to break up a mob attacking the home of a Muslim butcher in Magway region in central Myanmar. One protester was quoted by AFP news agency saying it was a response to events in Rakhine. How much pressure is there on Suu Kyi to speak out? Five Nobel peace Laureates have accused her of showing "indifference" to the Rohingya's plight. In an open letter issued by the Nobel Women's Initiative, they say Ms Suu Kyi has a "personal and moral responsibility to uphold and defend the rights" of Myanmar's citizens. The letter is signed by Mairead Maguire, Jody Williams, Shirin Ebadi, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman, who were awarded the Nobel peace prize between 1976 and 2011. "How many Rohingya have to die; how many Rohingya women will be raped; how many communities will be razed before you raise your voice in defense of those who have no voice?," they ask in the letter. | মিয়ানমার থেকে বাংলাদেশে পালিয়ে আসার সময় সীমান্তে পুঁতে রাখা মাইনের বিস্ফোরণে আহত হয়েছে বহু রোহিঙ্গা মুসলিম। পঙ্গু হয়ে যাওয়া কজনের সঙ্গে কথা বলেছে বিবিসি। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | She has been remanded in custody until 15 February, police documents show. The charges include breaching import and export laws, and possession of unlawful communication devices. Her whereabouts are still unclear, but it has been reported that she is being held at her residence in the capital, Nay Pyi Taw. Deposed President Win Myint has also been charged, the documents show - in his case with violating rules banning gatherings during the Covid pandemic. He has also been remanded in custody for two weeks. Neither the president nor Ms Suu Kyi have been heard from since the military seized power in the early hours of 1 February. The coup, led by armed forces chief Min Aung Hlaing, has seen the installation of an 11-member junta which is ruling under a year-long state of emergency. The military sought to justify its action by alleging fraud in last November's elections, which Ms Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) won decisively. What are the details of the charges? The accusations are contained in a police document - called a First Initial Report - submitted to a court. It alleges that Ms Suu Kyi illegally imported and used communications equipment - walkie-talkies - found at her home in Nay Pyi Taw. She was remanded in custody "to question witnesses, request evidence and seek legal counsel after questioning the defendant", the document says. Mr Win Myint is accused, under the National Disaster Management Law, of meeting supporters in a 220-vehicle motorcade during the election campaign in breach of Covid restrictions. Given the gravity of the military's power grab, claiming that Myanmar's national unity was at stake, and the storm of international condemnation that's followed, these charges seem comically trivial. But they may be enough to secure the military's objective of barring Aung San Suu Kyi from political office, as members of parliament cannot have criminal convictions. For 32 years the generals have tried, and failed, to neutralise the threat posed by Aung San Suu Kyi's enduring popularity. She has won every election she's been allowed to contest by a wide margin. The only election she did not win was one held by the military government 10 years ago - back then she was also barred from contesting by a bizarre criminal conviction which was imposed on her after an American man managed to swim across a lake in Yangon to her home, where she was being held under house arrest. What opposition is there to the coup? Activists in Myanmar are calling for civil disobedience. Many hospital medics are either stopping work or continuing but wearing symbols of defiance in simmering anger over the suppression of Myanmar's short-lived democracy. Protesting medical staff say they are pushing for the release of Ms Suu Kyi. They are wearing red, or black, ribbons and pictured giving the three-fingered salute familiar from the Hunger Games movies and used by demonstrators last year in Thailand. Online, many changed their social media profile pictures to one of just the colour red. "Now young people in Myanmar... have digital power, we have digital devices and we have digital space so this is the only platform for us" Yangon Youth Network founder Thinzar Shunlei told AFP. "So we've been using this since day one, since the first few hours that we are opposing the military junta." A Facebook group has been set up to co-ordinate the disobedience campaign. But there have been few signs of major protest. On Tuesday night, drivers honked their horns in the main city, Yangon (also known as Rangoon), and residents banged cooking pots. Myanmar has been mainly calm following the coup, with troops on patrol and a night-time curfew in force. There have also been demonstrations in support of the military - one attracted 3,000 people, AP news agency reports. Hundreds of MPs were also detained by the military but were told on Tuesday they could leave their guest houses in the capital. Among them is Zin Mar Aung, an NLD MP who spent 11 years in jail on political charges under military dictatorship. She told BBC Burmese she had now been given 24 hours to leave the MPs' compound. "Currently the situation is very very tough and challenging," she said. "Under the military coup it's very dangerous if we speak out about what will be our next steps... only thing that I can say is that the MPs of parliament will stand with our people and vote." Aung San Suu Kyi - the basics How are other countries reacting to the takeover? The Group of Seven major economic powers said it was "deeply concerned" about the coup and called for the return of democracy. "We call upon the military to immediately end the state of emergency, restore power to the democratically-elected government, to release all those unjustly detained and to respect human rights," the statement released in London said. The G7 comprises Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK and the US. But efforts at the United Nations Security Council to reach a common position came to nought as China failed to agree. China is one of five permanent members with a right of veto in the council - the UN body responsible for maintaining peace. China has been warning since the coup that sanctions or international pressure would only make things worse in Myanmar. Beijing has long played a role of protecting the country from international scrutiny. It sees the country as economically important and is one of Myanmar's closest allies. Alongside Russia, it has repeatedly protected Myanmar from criticism at the UN over the military crackdown on the Muslim minority Rohingya population. | মিয়ানমারের পুলিশ সোমবারের সামরিক অভ্যুত্থানের পর দেশটির নির্বাচিত বেসামরিক নেতা অং সান সু চির বিরুদ্ধে বেশ কয়েকটি অভিযোগ দায়ের করেছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | In a post on his page on the social network, he said it was making too many errors enforcing policies and preventing misuse of its tools. Mr Zuckerberg has famously set himself challenges every year since 2009. Facebook launched in 2004. Social media firms have come under fire for allowing so-called fake news ahead of US and other elections to spread. Facebook in particular has been criticised for allowing Russia-linked political ads in the run-up to the 2016 US presidential vote. Mr Zuckerberg said he intended to focus on "important issues", which he listed as "protecting our community from abuse and hate, defending against interference by nation states, or making sure that time spent on Facebook is time well spent". "We won't prevent all mistakes or abuse, but we currently make too many errors enforcing our policies and preventing misuse of our tools," he wrote. "If we're successful this year then we'll end 2018 on a much better trajectory." The Facebook CEO said he would learn more by looking intensely at those issues than by doing something completely separate. In the past his New Year resolutions have included wearing a tie every day and killing his own food. But critics questioned why he needed to make a yearly challenge of these issues. "Zuckerberg's 2018 personal challenge for himself is...doing the work he should be doing as Facebook CEO anyway," tweeted tech writer Maya Kossoff. He said one of the issues he intended to tackle was the debate about centralisation and decentralisation. Technology had the promise of putting more power into people's hands but many people had now lost faith in that promise and thought technology actually centralised power, he said. Mr Zuckerberg added that encryption and digital currency had the power to counter this trend, and said he would explore how to use them at Facebook. "This will be a serious year of self-improvement and I'm looking forward to learning from working to fix our issues together," he concluded. Mark Zuckerberg's resolutions 2009 - Wear a tie every day 2010 - Learn Mandarin 2011 - Only eat meat he had killed himself 2013 - Meet one person a day outside Facebook 2015 - Read a book every other week 2016 - Build a simple AI to run his home | ফেসবুকের প্রধান নির্বাহী মার্ক জাকারবার্গ আগেই ঘোষণা দিয়েছিলেন, ২০১৮ সাল হতে যাচ্ছে তাদের জন্য একটি বিশেষ বছর। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Rajput, 34, was found dead in his flat in Mumbai on 14 June. Police said he had killed himself. His family, however, registered a police complaint against Chakraborty, accusing her of abetment to suicide. She is yet to comment but denied any wrongdoing in earlier statements. Chakraborty spent the night at the Narcotics Control Bureau's (NCB) office in Mumbai after she was arrested by the agency on Tuesday. She was moved to a women's jail on Wednesday morning. Chakraborty's brother, Showik, and Rajput's former house manager, Samuel Miranda, were also arrested last week in the same drugs case. But the charges against them have not been revealed. All three are reportedly accused of organising and financing Rajput's alleged consumption of cannabis. The case is connected to the investigation into Rajput's death. The NCB asked the court to detain Chakraborty for further questioning, while describing her as part of an "active drug syndicate". A magistrate rejected her bail plea and remanded her to judicial custody until 22 September. While being arrested, Chakraborty was seen wearing a T-shirt with the words, "rose are red, violets are blue, let's smash the patriarchy, me and you". Soon, the words were being shared on social media by Bollywood stars, influencers and ordinary citizens in a show of support. Chakraborty's is the most high-profile arrest in connection with a case that has captivated and polarised India in recent months. Prime time television news covered every development, turning Rajput and Chakraborty's personal lives into subjects of public debate. Many of the news channels have been accused of misogyny in their coverage of the case. Chakraborty and Rajput began dating in the summer of 2019, according to reports, and moved in together in December. On 8 June, a week before Rajput's death, Chakraborty went to stay with her parents and wasn't home when the actor died. After his death, reports in the press suggested that he had been dealing with mental health issues. But within days, the focus shifted to Chakraborty and the 28-year-old upcoming actress soon found herself at the centre of a storm of allegations, conspiracy theories, rumours and unconfirmed reports. The media attention intensified after Rajput's father registered a complaint against her. He denied that his son had any mental health issues and accused Chakraborty of stealing his son's money, among other allegations. For months, Chakraborty has been trolled on social media. She's been called names like "fortune huntress" and "mafia moll", and has been accused of getting Rajput addicted to drugs and driving him to suicide. The actress has approached the Supreme Court over what she says is an "unfair media trial" and has issued her own statement and given TV interviews, denying all the charges against her. She has also issued a plea to Home Minister Amit Shah for a fair investigation into Rajput's death. | বলিউড অভিনেতা সুশান্ত সিং রাজপুতের বান্ধবী ব্যাপকভাবে আলোচিত রিয়া চক্রবর্তীকে গ্রেপ্তার করেছে ভারতের মাদক নিয়ন্ত্রণ ব্যুরো এনসিবি। কিন্তু অভিনেত্রী মিস চক্রবর্তীকে ভারতের সংবাদমাধ্যম যেভাবে তাড়া করে বেড়াচ্ছে, হেনস্থা করেছে, যেভাবে তার দোষ প্রমাণিত হবার আগেই তাকে দোষী সাব্যস্ত করে ফেলেছে তা নিয়ে সমালোচনায় সোচ্চার হয়েছেন চলচ্চিত্র তারকারা। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Khashoggi, a prominent critic of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, was killed by a team of Saudi agents inside the kingdom's consulate in Istanbul. The defendants include two former aides to the prince, who denies involvement. Saudi Arabia, which rejected Turkey's extradition request, convicted eight people over the murder last year. Five were sentenced to death for directly participating in the killing, while three others were handed prison sentences for covering up the crime. The Saudi trial was dismissed as "the antithesis of justice" by a UN Special Rapporteur Agnes Callamard, who concluded that Khashoggi was "the victim of a deliberate, premeditated execution" for which the Saudi state was responsible. What happened at the trial? Khashoggi's Turkish fiancée, Hatice Cengiz, was one of those who testified at the opening session. She later told journalists gathered outside the courtroom that she found the process spiritually and psychologically debilitating. Ms Cengiz expressed confidence in the Turkish judicial system and declared: "Our search for justice will continue in Turkey as well as in everywhere we can." Another witness who gave evidence was Zeki Demir, a Turkish citizen who worked as a handyman at the Saudi consulate. Mr Demir told the court that he was called to the consul general's residence on the day Khashoggi disappeared and asked to light an oven used for barbecues. "There were five to six people there," he said. "There was an air of panic... It was as if they wanted me to leave as soon as possible." Mr Demir added that he returned to the residence a few days later and noticed how the marble around the oven had been bleached. Ms Callamard, the UN Special Rapporteur who was also at the hearing, said: "We have not moved the killing of Jamal Khashoggi into a formal setting that the international community can recognise, because the trial in Saudi Arabia could not be given credibility and legitimacy." "Here for the first time, we have the hitmen being indicted and we have a number of those have commissioned the crime," she added. The next hearing will take place on 24 November. On the surface of it, this may appear to some to be a largely pointless exercise for purely political ends. None of the Saudi suspects are in court; none are ever likely to be extradited to Turkey to face justice; and Saudi Arabia has already held its own trial, in secret, last year, which was widely condemned as incomplete. But for the UN special rapporteur, for the murdered journalist's fiancée, and for his friends and relatives, this is a chance to get all the facts out into the open. After all, it was the Turkish intelligence service that bugged the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, where the murder took place, so Turkey possesses the vital audio tape of the journalist's last minutes before he was overpowered and killed. There are, of course, political points to score here, too: Turkey and Saudi Arabia are regional rivals. But those attending the trial's opening believe it presents a fresh chance at revealing new and possibly damning evidence. How did Jamal Khashoggi die? The 59-year-old journalist, who went into self-imposed exile in the US in 2017, was last seen entering the Saudi consulate on 2 October 2018 to obtain papers he needed to marry Ms Cengiz. After listening to purported audio recordings of conversations inside the consulate made by Turkish intelligence, Ms Callamard concluded that Khashoggi was "brutally slain" that day. The Saudi government said the journalist was killed in a "rogue operation" by a team of agents. Saudi Arabia's public prosecution said the murder was ordered by the head of a "negotiations team" sent to Istanbul to bring Khashoggi back to the kingdom "by means of persuasion" or, if that failed, "by force". The public prosecution concluded that Khashoggi was forcibly restrained after a struggle and injected with a large amount of a drug, resulting in an overdose that led to his death. His body was then dismembered and handed over to a local "collaborator" outside the consulate. The remains were never found. Turkey's public prosecution concluded that Khashoggi was suffocated almost as soon as he entered the consulate, and that his body was destroyed. Who are the defendants? Turkey's state-run Anadolu news agency cited the indictment filed by Turkish prosecutors as accusing Saud al-Qahtani, a former senior adviser to Crown Prince Mohammed, and Ahmad Asiri, Saudi Arabia's former deputy intelligence chief, of "instigating a premeditated murder with the intent of [causing] torment through fiendish instinct". The 18 other defendants are charged with carrying out "a premeditated murder with the intent of [causing] torment through fiendish instincts". Court-appointed Turkish lawyers representing the defendants said their clients denied the charges. The eight individuals who were convicted of Khashoggi's murder in Saudi Arabia have never been identified by the Saudi authorities. According to interviews conducted by Ms Callamard, their lawyers argued at the Saudi trial that they were state employees and could not object to the orders of their superiors, and that Mr Asiri insisted that he never authorised the use of force to bring Khashoggi back to Saudi Arabia. The Saudi public prosecution said Mr Asiri was tried but acquitted due to insufficient evidence, and that Saud al-Qahtani was investigated but not charged. Khashoggi's son Salah, who lives in Saudi Arabia, said in May that he and his brothers were "pardoning those who killed our father, seeking reward from God almighty". That effectively granted them a formal reprieve under Saudi law. | সৌদি সাংবাদিক জামাল খাসোগজির হত্যা মামলায় তুরস্কে ২০ জন সৌদি নাগরিকের বিচার তাদের অনুপস্থিতিতে শুরু হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Abdel-Adheem Hassan on Sunday won a lawsuit against telecoms operator Zain Sudan over the blackout ordered by Sudan's military rulers. However, he says his victory is only benefitting him so far as he filed the case in a personal capacity. The internet was cut off after security forces violently dispersed protesters camping in central Khartoum. The protesters want an end to military rule following the coup against long-time leader Omar al-Bashir in April. Mr Hassan said he is currently the only civilian in the country able to access the internet without resorting to complicated hacks. He said he is going back to court on Tuesday to win the right for more Sudanese people. "We have a court session tomorrow and another one the day after tomorrow. Hopefully one million people will gain internet access by the end of the week," Mr Hassan added. BBC Arabic reporter Mohamed Osman in Khartoum confirms that the internet remains blocked despite Sunday's court order. Mr Hassan told the BBC: "The operator failed to provide written orders to disconnect the internet. "Everybody is trying to avoid responsibility, nobody wants to be personally liable - it's a crime and an international human rights violation." On Monday, the United Nations urged Sudanese authorities to grant human rights monitors to access the country and end "repression" against protesters. UN human rights chief Michelle Bachelet called on the military government to end the internet shutdown during her opening speech at the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva. What has happened in Sudan? Sudan's military removed long-time President Bashir from office in April after months of protests and unrest. A council of generals assumed power on 11 April but it has struggled to return normality to the country. The seven-member Transitional Military Council (TMC) is led by Lt-Gen Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan. The council says it needs to be in charge to ensure order and security. But the protesters want a civilian rule. The council has faced international condemnation for launching a violent attack on protesters in Khartoum on 3 June which reportedly left at least 30 dead. What will happen? Most African and Western countries have backed the protesters. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed flew to Sudan to try and broker an agreement between the TMC and the protesters earlier this month. On Sunday, the council rejected Ethiopia's proposal which the protesters had agreed to on Saturday - on the grounds that they had not studied the Ethiopian initiative, which they described as unilateral. BBC's Mohanad Hashim, a Sudanese journalist, says that there is real fear the situation in Sudan could turn very bad very quickly. | তিন সপ্তাহ বন্ধ থাকার পর সুদানে ইন্টারনেট সংযোগ ফিরলেও তা কেবল একজন ব্যক্তিকেই ব্যবহার করতে দেয়া হচ্ছে বলে জানিয়েছেন দেশটির একজন আইনজীবী - যিনি ইন্টারনেট সেবা ব্যবহার করতে পারা একমাত্র ব্যক্তিটি। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The ARA San Juan went missing 430km (270 miles) off the Argentine coast on 15 November 2017, and was located a year and a day later. Officials said the vessel was lying 900m (2,950ft) below the surface. Relatives of the crew are demanding that the government raise the wreck. Navy commander Gabriel Attis has confirmed that the submarine imploded. He said the hull was "totally deformed, collapsed" and that debris was scattered over an area of about 70m (229ft). The wreck was found by US search firm Ocean Infinity, a private American company which can map the seabed. Argentina had engaged its services after an international operation failed to locate the doomed vessel. The company, which uses underwater rovers, previously tried and failed to find the wreckage of the lost Malaysian Airlines MH370 plane. How have victims' families reacted? Yolanda Mendiola, the mother of missing sailor Leandro Cisneros, 28, said families of the crew had been brought together by the navy to learn the latest details. "We are with the other relatives. They are going to show us the photos. They say that our youngsters are inside," she said. "We are all destroyed here." Ms Mendiola called on the government to recover the wreck, saying: "If we don't see it, we can't have closure. Therefore we're going to demand that the president (of Argentina) finds a way to get (them) out, because it's possible, the company said so." The discovery came a day after relatives had gathered at a sombre ceremony to remember their loved ones. President Mauricio Macri attended and promised to keep up the search for the submarine. An anonymous naval officer told the AFP news agency that the vessel could be lifted - at a cost: "Raising the submarine to the surface is not impossible, but it is a very complex operation, and therefore very expensive," the officer said. It remains unclear what caused the sub to implode, and the victims' families want an independent investigation. "We have found them," Jorge Villarreal, the father of one crew member, told local radio. "Now we are going to search for the truth. For us this is the start of a new chapter." What happened to the sub? The ARA San Juan was returning from a routine mission to Ushuaia, near the southern tip of South America, when it reported an "electrical breakdown". According to naval commander Gabriel Galeazzi, the submarine surfaced and reported what was described as a "short circuit" in the vessel's batteries. The sub was ordered to cut its mission short and return to the naval base in Mar del Plata immediately. The Argentine navy's last contact with the vessel was at approximately 07:30 (10:30 GMT) on 15 November, at which point its captain reportedly confirmed that the crew were well. Eight days after the sub vanished, the CTBTO - which operates a network of listening posts to monitor nuclear explosions - said that there had been a "hydro-acoustic anomaly" about 30 nautical miles (60km) north of the sub's last-known position at 10:31 (13:31 GMT). Last year, navy spokesman Enrique Balbi told reporters that water had entered the submarine's snorkel, which can be used to take in air from above the surface when the submarine is submerged. The saltwater dripped onto a battery tray in the prow, causing the battery to short circuit and to smoulder, he said. The sub had reported the fault and had been ordered back to base, but then disappeared. Argentine authorities later launched a criminal investigation into the disappearance. | আর্জেন্টিনার প্রতিরক্ষামন্ত্রী বলেছেন আটলান্টিকের তলদেশে সন্ধান মেলা সাবমেরিনটি উদ্ধারের 'ক্ষমতা তাদের নেই'। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Citing China, Mr Zuckerberg also warned excessive control risked stifling individual expression. He was speaking at the Munich Security Conference in Germany. Social media giants like Facebook are under increasing pressure to stop the spread of false information. Facebook in particular has been criticised for its policy on political advertising. The company launched new policies for political advertising in the US in 2018 and globally the following year. These rules require political ads to display who had paid for them, and a copy of the ad is kept in a publicly-searchable database for seven years. But this week Facebook said it would not include sponsored political posts by social media stars in its database. Posts by politicians are not always fact-checked as part of the company's free speech policy either. At the conference he said he supported regulation. "We don't want private companies making so many decisions about how to balance social equities without any more democratic process," he said. The Facebook founder urged governments to come up with a new regulatory system for social media, suggesting it should be a mix of existing rules for telecoms and media companies. "In the absence of that kind of regulation we will continue doing our best," he said. "But I actually think on a lot of these questions that are trying to balance different social equities it is not just about coming up with the right answer, it is about coming up with an answer that society thinks is legitimate." Mr Zuckerberg also admitted Facebook had been slow to recognise the development of co-ordinated online "information campaigns" by state actors like Russia. He added that malevolent actors are also becoming better at covering their tracks by masking the IP addresses of users. To tackle this, Mr Zuckerberg said Facebook had a team of 35,000 people reviewing content and security on the platform. With assistance from AI, he said more than a million fake accounts are deleted every day. "Our budget [for content review] is bigger today than the whole revenue of the company when we went public in 2012, when we had a billion users," he said. During his time in Europe, Zuckerberg is expected to meet politicians in Munich and Brussels to discuss data practices, regulation and tax reform. Despite public backlash over issues like political advertising, Facebook says the number of users on its family of apps - Facebook, Messenger, Whatsapp and Instagram - continues to grow. Earlier this month, Whatsapp announced that it is used by two billion people worldwide, more than a quarter of the world's population. | ফেসবুকে বিপজ্জনক অনলাইন কন্টেন্ট বন্ধের জন্য বিভিন্ন রাষ্ট্রকে আরো কঠোর আইন প্রণয়নের আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন প্রতিষ্ঠানটির প্রধান মার্ক জাকারবার্গ। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Hindu mobs demolished a medieval mosque there in 1992, saying it was built on the ruins of a temple for Lord Ram, a revered deity. Hindus and Muslims claimed ownership over the site for decades. Last year, the top court gave the site to Hindus, ending a decades-long legal battle. The inauguration comes amid a massive surge in coronavirus cases in India. The dispute, which goes back more than a century, has been one of India's thorniest court cases. The Supreme Court gave Muslims another plot of land in the city to construct a mosque. Mr Modi laid a symbolic silver brick in the sanctum sanctorum, or innermost sanctuary, of the site as scores of devotees watched the event on giant screens across the city. Due to Covid-19, the venue and surrounding areas were cordoned off, and access was restricted to invitees only. BBC Hindi's Sarvapriya Sangwan, who is in Ayodhya, says crowds of people gathered outside the venue, and cheered when they spotted Mr Modi on his way to the site. Speaking soon after he laid the foundation stone, Mr Modi began with the words, "Jai Siya Ram", instead of the more popular slogan, "Jai Shri Ram", which has become a rallying cry for right-wing Hindus in the country. Mr Modi said that the site had been "liberated", and a "grand house" would be finally constructed for Lord Ram who had been living "in a tent for years". He was referring to a temporary construction that had housed the idol of Ram Lalla or infant Ram for more than three decades while the court case dragged on. The idol was moved to a makeshift temple on the premises of the site earlier this year. Hindus believe Ayodhya is the birthplace of Lord Ram. And the construction of the temple is a core promise made by Mr Modi's governing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and is seen as a huge symbolic gesture for its strident Hindu nationalist base. A local told the BBC he is "ecstatic" that Lord Ram would finally have "a proper home". Officials said they would follow Covid-19 protocols, but our reporter at the site described crowds gathered on the road leading up to it and beyond the barricades. People also climbed onto rooftops to get a glimpse of the venue, many of whom were chanting "Jai Shri Ram". Most were not wearing masks or following social distancing, she added. Hymns about Lord Ram were played, and the roads decked with flowers. Many shop fronts too were painted yellow and saffron flags put up everywhere - both colours that Hindus consider auspicious. UP Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath and other senior BJP leaders also attended the event. But the inauguration was a somewhat muted affair amid the pandemic. India has been reporting record daily totals - it recorded more than 1.9 million cases and nearly 40,000 deaths from the virus. Uttar Pradesh, the state where Ayodhya is located, has confirmed more than 100,000 Covid-19 cases so far. Indian TV channels have been offering wall-to-wall coverage to the event. Media reports say that devotees from across the country have been sending silver and gold - in the form of coins, bricks and bars - to use in the construction of the temple. Police officers are said to have been ordered to guard these precious metals. As many as 200,000 bricks inscribed with "Shri Ram" (Lord Ram) that have been collected from devotees over the years will be used to build the foundation of the temple, according to the Times of India. Chandrakant Sompura, the chief architect of the proposed temple, told news website The Print that the structure would be designed in the "Nagara" style of temple architecture - a popular north Indian temple building style. The inner sanctum of the temple - where the idol of the primary deity is housed - will be octagonal. The temple will include a large structure of three floors with 366 pillars and five domes. Mr Sompura said that a memorial wall in honour of those who were involved with the temple movement would be erected. What was the Ayodhya issue about? At the centre of the row was a 16th-Century mosque that was demolished by Hindu mobs in 1992, sparking riots that killed nearly 2,000 people. Many Hindus believe that the Babri Masjid was actually constructed on the ruins of a Hindu temple that was demolished by Muslim invaders. Muslims say they offered prayers at the mosque until December 1949 when some Hindus placed an idol of Ram in the mosque and began to worship the idols. Over decades, the two religious groups went to court many times over who should control the site. What was the final ruling? In its unanimous verdict, the Supreme Court said that a report by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) provided evidence that the remains of a building "that was not Islamic" were beneath the structure of the demolished Babri mosque. The court said that, given all the evidence presented, it had determined that the disputed land should be given to Hindus for a temple to Lord Ram, while Muslims would be given land elsewhere to construct a mosque. It then directed the federal government to set up a trust to manage and oversee the construction of the temple. However, the court added that the demolition of the Babri mosque was against the rule of law. | ভারতের অযোধ্যায় যেখানে প্রায় ৫০০ বছর পুরনো বাবরি মসজিদ ছিল ১৯৯২ সালের ৬ই ডিসেম্বর পর্যন্ত, সেই জায়গাতেই প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদী বুধবার রামমন্দির নির্মানের সূচনা করেছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Secunder KermaniBBC News, Islamabad Mr Mir vented his frustration on Twitter, blaming unnamed censors. "We are not living in a free country," he said. Just over a week later, another TV interview, of another opposition politician, Maryam Nawaz Sharif, cut to an unexpected ad break midway. When the break ended, instead of Ms Sharif, viewers were presented with an old interview of a leading figure from the ruling party. The journalist conducting the interview, however, continued with his questions, broadcasting instead online via a video streaming app. These are two of the most prominent examples of what has been termed "unannounced censorship" in Pakistan. Last week journalists held protests outside press clubs in major cities across the country demanding an end to restrictions on what they publish and broadcast. Supporters of the government claim the complaints are made by biased journalists. During a visit to Washington this week Prime Minister Imran Khan dismissed allegations of censorship, telling reporters: "To say there are curbs on [the] Pakistani press is a joke." However, there appears to be clear evidence of attempts to prevent criticism of Mr Khan's government and the Pakistani military, as well as to suppress claims by his political opponents that they are being unfairly accused in corruption cases. Pakistan is ranked 142nd out of 180 countries in the 2019 Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index. The Pakistani Army denies having any role in media censorship. The clampdown on press freedom inside the country contrasts with attempts by the Pakistani authorities to improve their foreign relations, notably with the US, Afghanistan and India. President Trump has praised Pakistan for its role in facilitating peace talks with the Taliban. One of the main targets of the current censorship blitz is Maryam Nawaz Sharif, whose father, former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, is serving a jail sentence on corruption charges. Earlier this month Ms Sharif released a secretly recorded video of one of the judges who had convicted her father, apparently admitting he had been blackmailed into finding him guilty. The judge subsequently denied the claims, saying the video had been "edited", but a number of channels who broadcast Ms Sharif's news conference were later taken off air for several days. At other times, parts of speeches from Ms Sharif's rallies broadcast on television have been muted. One journalist, who asked to remain anonymous for his own safety, told the BBC how censorship worked. He explained that TV channels broadcast live programmes with a delay of at least about 10 seconds, with "an employee hovering over the mute button". He said topics that would require muting - or if a whole segment was too controversial, a quick cut to adverts - included criticism of the government or Pakistan's powerful security establishment, which is supportive of Imran Khan's administration. Failure to comply, the journalist told me, would result in angry phone calls or visits from members of the Pakistani army or intelligence services. Instead of threats directed at media workers, pressure tactics would be applied to the channel itself. "Advertising agencies get told, 'Don't them give ads.' Cable operators get told to change the number the channel appears on, or just to shut them down completely," he said. "They've got their hands around our throats." However, it would be wrong to suggest there's a complete blackout on all political criticism on the airwaves. Prime Minister Imran Khan has claimed he has faced "unprecedented" personal attacks in the press. Meanwhile opposition politicians, other than Maryam Nawaz Sharif, do still regularly appear on talk shows. "We are a democracy on paper… you can't do an Egypt here by imposing a blanket ban," said media analyst Adnan Rehmat. Censorship in Pakistan, he said, was aimed at restricting interviews of "the top leadership" of opposition parties and coverage of their rallies. But "second- or third-tier" figures were allowed to take part in TV programmes as they are "not newsmakers". The application of censorship varies in intensity, Mr Rehmat added. Sometimes it is "heavy-handed" and at times more subtle. In the lead-up to last year's general elections in Pakistan, journalists faced similar pressures from the intelligence services, again in an often haphazard fashion. A leading TV channel was taken off air in large parts of the country for a number of weeks, while the best-known English language newspaper had its circulation severely curtailed. At the time, the censorship seemed designed to prevent discussion of allegations that Imran Khan was being helped into power by the security establishment. Now that he's prime minister, many observers have suggested press freedom has further deteriorated. Speaking to the BBC, TV anchor Hamid Mir, who was shot and injured in 2014, labelled Imran Khan's government "a civilian dictatorship" alleging "censorship is increasing day by day". But he was also critical of opposition political parties for their attitudes towards journalists while they were in power. "They always played double games, and now they are paying the price," he said. Mr Mir knows firsthand how dangerous life can be for a journalist in Pakistan. He survived an attack by the Taliban in 2012 and in 2014 was shot six times in the abdomen and legs by unknown gunmen. Mr Mir famously accused elements with the powerful Inter-Services Intelligence agency of being behind the 2014 attack, which the ISI furiously denounced as a baseless claim. Imran Khan has flatly denied that censorship exists in Pakistan. He has suggested that certain media outlets have a vested interest in undermining his government and supporting claims from opposition politicians that corruption charges against them are politically motivated. While in Washington he accused one unnamed channel of doing everything it could to "protect" former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif while he faced trial. A series of tweets from his party's official account earlier this month acknowledged that press freedom was "a building block of democratic society". However it added that "regurgitating propaganda to serve vested interests, running character-assassination campaigns… undermine freedom of press." Reports in Pakistani newspapers have suggested the government wants to place a ban on attempts by the media to "promote the narrative of convicted persons". Former President Asif Ali Zardari, whose interview with Hamid Mir was taken off air, is currently facing trial on corruption charges, while Maryam Nawaz Sharif is on bail pending an appeal against a conviction in an unrelated corruption case. After Mr Zardari's interview was cut short, the government's Special Adviser for Broadcasting Firdous Ashiq Awan told reporters it had happened because Mr Zardari was in jail pending his trial and is only supposed to be allowed out to attend parliament. However, officials from Pakistan's broadcasting regulator told the BBC they had not ordered the interview be taken off air, and said no decree banning "convicted persons" had yet been issued. Mr Mir said he held both the security establishment and Imran Khan's government responsible for the clampdown on press freedom, as they have acknowledged they are "on the same page" on all issues. The Pakistani army denies interfering in politics, but many journalists believe it remains the driving force behind the censorship, describing criticism of the army as a "red line". Broadcast of the TV bulletins of the US government-funded Voice of America has been indefinitely stopped in Pakistan, a move many believe is linked to coverage of a protest movement alleging human rights abuses by the security forces. Rallies by the Pashtun Protection Movement group receive almost no coverage at all, despite attracting significant support in the districts bordering Afghanistan. The journalist who spoke anonymously to the BBC about the censorship at his channel said the military was influencing both what isn't said on air, and what is said. "Things are so minutely monitored… forget Imran Khan, forget the army chief, if they even see a statement by the information minister they like, they'll send you a screenshot and tell you to run it as breaking news. "I often say, the only thing that's left is for them to send a brigadier to anchor the news." | টেলিভিশনে পাকিস্তানের শীর্ষস্থানীয় বিরোধী রাজনীতিবিদ আসিফ আলী জারদারির সাক্ষাৎকার নিচ্ছিলেন সুপরিচিত একজন সাংবাদিক হামিদ মীর। সাক্ষাৎকারটির সম্প্রচার শুরু হওয়ার কয়েক মিনিটের মধ্যেই এর সম্প্রচার বন্ধ হয়ে যায়। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Lena CiricBBC News There have been outbreaks across the world, and new research shows higher temperatures may have led to an increase in infections. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has called for better understanding of who is most vulnerable to reduce risk. Here is everything you need to know about this new superbug. What is Candida auris? Candida auris (C. auris) is a yeast, a type of fungus, which can cause infections in humans. It is related to the very common Candida albicans, which causes thrush. It was first discovered in the ear canal of a Japanese patient in Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital in 2009. Most of the time, Candida yeasts live on our skin without causing problems, but they can cause infections if we are unwell or they get into the wrong place, like the bloodstream or lungs. What sort of illness does it cause? C. auris most frequently causes bloodstream infections, but can also infect the respiratory system, the central nervous system and internal organs, as well as the skin. These infections are usually quite serious. Around the world, up to 60% of patients who get a C. auris infection have died. The fungus is often resistant to the usual drugs, which makes infections difficult to treat. Also, C. auris is often mistaken for a different infection, leading to the wrong treatment being given. This means that the patient might be ill for longer or get worse. "A number of UK hospitals have already experienced outbreaks requiring support from Public Health England," said Dr Elaine Cloutman-Green, infection control practitioner and UCL clinical lecturer. She added: "C. auris survives in hospital environments and so cleaning is key to control. Detection can be serious for both individual patients and for the hospital, as control can prove difficult." Dr Colin Brown, consultant medical microbiologist for Public Health England's national infection service, said: "NHS hospitals that have experienced outbreaks of C. auris have not found it to be the cause of death in any patients. "PHE is working closely with the NHS to provide expert support and advice on infection control measures to limit the spread of C. auris." Should I be worried about getting an infection? It is unlikely that you will pick up a C. auris infection. However, the risk is higher if you are in a hospital for a long time or if you are in a nursing home, and patients who are in intensive care are much more likely to get a C. auris infection. The risk of picking up an infection is also higher if you have been on antibiotics a lot, because the drugs also destroy good bacteria that can stop C. auris getting in. In the UK, about 60 patients have been infected by C. auris since 2013. The Centers for Disease Control in the US has reported that globally, more and more countries are reporting cases of C. auris infections. Most European countries have now reported some, with Greece being the last - in April this year. Why is C. auris resistant to the usual drugs? Resistance to the common antifungal drugs, like fluconazole, has been found in the majority of C. auris strains found in patients. This means that these drugs do not work on C. auris. Because of this, less common antifungal drugs have been used to treat these infections, but C. auris has now developed resistance to these, too. DNA evidence shows that the antifungal resistance genes in C. auris are very similar to those found in the very common C. albicans. This suggests that the resistance genes have passed from one species to the other. How can climate change be responsible for the high numbers of infections? A study suggests that the reason C. auris infections have become so common may be because this species has been forced to live at higher temperatures because of climate change. Most fungi prefer the cooler temperatures found in soil. But, as global temperatures have risen, C. auris has been forced to adapt to higher temperatures. This may have made it easier for the fungus to thrive in the human body, which is warm at 36C to 37C. What can be done to reduce the number of infections? A better understanding of who is most at risk of contracting a C. auris infection is the first step to reducing the number of infections. Healthcare professionals need to know that people who spend a long time in hospitals, nursing homes or are immunocompromised are at high risk. Not all hospitals identify C. auris in the same way. They are sometimes mistaken for other fungal infections, like thrush, and the wrong treatment is given. Improving diagnosis will help to identify patients with C. auris earlier, which will mean that the right treatment is given - preventing the spread of infection to other patients. C. auris is very tough and can survive on surfaces for a long time. It also cannot be killed using most common detergents and disinfectants. Using the right cleaning chemicals is important to eliminate it from hospitals, especially if there is an outbreak. | ওষুধ প্রতিরোধী ফাঙ্গাস বা ছত্রাক, নাম ক্যানডিডা অরিস, আবিষ্কৃত হয়েছিলো মাত্র ১০ বছর আগে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Many countries have been in lockdown since at least March, but some are beginning to ease restrictions. That must be done carefully, the World Health Organization warns, otherwise it risks a resurgence of infections. Nonetheless, billions remain largely at home, and many are struggling with the economic and social consequences. In Syria, churches and mosques in government-held areas are permitted to open again after being closed for almost two months. The government has confirmed 47 cases of coronavirus in the country. India remains in lockdown, first introduced on 24 March, but some restrictions have been eased. Around 122 million are believed to have lost their jobs in April, and many say they will starve if they cannot work. Italy now has a recorded death toll of more than 30,000 but the rate of infection has dropped. That has led the government to enter Phase 2 of its response, including allowing people to exercise more outdoors and travel in their region. Restrictions were eased in Jordan in late March but an outbreak in Mafraq province led the government to introduce a 24-curfew on Friday and seal off some villages. In Poland, hotels, shops, shopping centres, museums and galleries reopened on 4 May, with one customer per 15 sq m of space allowed. The country has 15,000 infections and 700 deaths - less than many Western European countries. Spain has a four-stage plan to roll back one of the strictest lockdowns in Europe. From Monday customers can order a beer on a terrace bar. But Madrid and Barcelona, epicentres of the outbreak, are excluded for now. France will be divided into zones, with restrictions eased in most of the country from 11 May - though tight lockdown measures remain in Paris and in the north-east. In Mexico quarantine measures are still in place but the large car industry could be allowed to open again on 18 May. Many Mexicans are celebrating a muted Mother's Day, with musicians recording concerts online. And South Africans have entered their 44th day of lockdown, which has yet to be eased. The country has more than 9,000 confirmed cases, the highest in Africa. . | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের জন্স হপকিন্স বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের তথ্য অনুযায়ী পৃথিবীতে করোনাভাইরাস আক্রান্তের সংখ্যা এখন ১ কোটির বেশি। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent As his condition deteriorated, the patient was put on a ventilator. He was administered steroids, a life-saving treatment for severe and critically ill Covid-19 patients. But the drug also reduces immunity and pushes up blood sugar levels in patients. After a prolonged stay in the ICU, the patient had recovered and was ready to go home when doctors found he was infected with a deadly, drug-resistant fungus. Candida auris (C. auris), discovered a little over a decade ago, is one of the world's most feared hospital microbes. This bloodstream infection is the most frequently detected germ in critical-care units around the world and has a mortality rate of around 70%. "We are seeing an increased number of patients with the infection during the second wave of Covid-19. There are a lot of sick people in the ICUs and many of them are on high steroid doses. That could be the reason," Dr Om Srivastava, a Mumbai-based infectious diseases specialist, said. What are the fungal infections on the rise? As the second wave washes over India and severely ill patients clog the ICUs, doctors are seeing an uptick in a host of dangerous fungal infections. First, there was an outbreak of mucormycosis or the black-fungus, a rare but dangerous infection, which affects the nose, eye and sometimes the brain. Some 12,000 cases and more than 200 deaths from the disease have been already recorded. Now doctors are reporting a rise in other deadly fungal infections in Covid-19 patients, mostly after a week or 10 days of stay in the ICU. There are two species of Candida fungi - auris and albicans - and they can be fatal for human beings. Aspergillus, which is another kind of fungi group, affects the lungs, and it can also be fatal. Of the more than five million types of fungi, Candida and Aspergillus are the two major groups which cause a lot of human deaths. Candida is a germ that can be present on many surfaces, like shower curtains, computer screens, doctor's stethoscopes and railings of railway carriages. Doctors say C. auris frequently causes bloodstream infections, but can also infect the respiratory system, the central nervous system and internal organs, as well as the skin. Aspergillus also remains in the environment and is often found in heating or air conditioning systems. Normally our immunity helps prevent the entry of the fungal spores in the respiratory tract. But in patients suffering from Covid-19, the fungus, helped by the damage done to the skin, blood vessel walls and other linings of the airway by the coronavirus, manages to enter the respiratory tract. This infection affects about 20% to 30% of the severely ill, mechanically ventilated Covid-19 patients, according to Dr SP Kalantri, medical superintendent of the 1,000-bed non-profit Kasturba Hospital in Wardha, Maharashtra state. What are the symptoms of the infections? Symptoms of some fungal diseases can be similar to those of Covid-19, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. For superficial Candida infections, symptoms include a white coloured thrush - hence sometimes it is called the "white fungus" - in nose, mouth, lungs and stomach or nail beds. For a more invasive form of infection - when the bug travels into the blood - the symptoms are often a fall in blood pressure, fever, abdominal pain and urinary tract infections. Why are these infections happening? At least 5% of Covid-19 patients become critically ill and require intensive-care treatment, sometimes for a long period. Experts say that those who are put on mechanical ventilation are always at greater risk of developing bacterial or fungal infections. Lowered infection control in crowded intensive-care units during the pandemic is a major reason, say doctors. Overworked staff in clunky protective gear, increased use of major fluid tubes, decrease in hand washing compliance and changes in cleaning and disinfection practices contribute to lower infection control. "With a prolonged pandemic, complacency and fatigue has set in among healthcare workers. Infection control practices have gone down. That is the major cause," says Dr Arunaloke Chakrabarti, president of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology. There are other reasons too. Overuse of steroids and other drugs, which weaken the body's immune system, and underlying conditions make Covid-19 patients in critical care more prone to such infections. "These fungi typically cause infections after the body's immune system is suppressed significantly. They are also known as opportunistic infections," says Dr Zachary Rubin, an immunologist. Dr Rubin says patients with HIV/Aids have a significantly increased risk of getting sick with such fungi. "These fungal diseases are normally rare in association with Covid-19, but are becoming increasingly more common in India." Diagnosis is not easy - testing typically requires a specimen from deep in the lungs. And the drugs are expensive. "It is very worrying and frustrating for the doctors treating these infections. It is a triple whammy - the patient's lungs are already damaged by Covid-19, they have bacterial infections and now the fungal infections," says Dr Kalantri. "It is almost like fighting a losing battle." | মে মাসে কলকাতার এক হাসপাতালের আইসিইউতে ভর্তি হয়েছিলেন মধ্য বয়সী এক ব্যক্তি। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | He beat Jeremy Hunt comfortably, winning 92,153 votes to his rival's 46,656. The former London mayor takes over from Theresa May on Wednesday. In his victory speech, Mr Johnson promised he would "deliver Brexit, unite the country and defeat Jeremy Corbyn". Speaking at the Queen Elizabeth II centre in London, he said: "We are going to energise the country. "We are going to get Brexit done on 31 October and take advantage of all the opportunities it will bring with a new spirit of can do. "We are once again going to believe in ourselves, and like some slumbering giant we are going to rise and ping off the guy ropes of self doubt and negativity." Mr Johnson thanked his predecessor, saying it had been "a privilege to serve in her cabinet". He was Mrs May's foreign secretary until resigning over Brexit. The outgoing PM - who is standing down after a revolt by Conservative MPs over her Brexit policy - congratulated her successor, promising him her "full support from the backbenches". Foreign Secretary Mr Hunt said he was "very disappointed", but Mr Johnson would do "a great job". He said he had "total, unshakeable confidence in our country" and that was a valuable quality at such a challenging time. Mr Hunt added: "It was always going to be uphill for us because I was someone who voted Remain and I think lots of party members felt that this was a moment when you just had to have someone who voted for Brexit in the referendum. "In retrospect, that was a hurdle we were never able to overcome." Donald Trump told an event in Washington "a really good man is going to be the prime minister of the UK now," and Mr Johnson would "get it done", referring to Brexit. The president added: "They call him Britain Trump. That's a good thing." Almost 160,000 Conservative members were eligible to vote in the contest and turnout was 87.4%. Mr Johnson's share of the vote - 66.4% - was slightly lower than that garnered by David Cameron in the 2005 Tory leadership election (67.6%). The former London mayor and ex-foreign secretary spoke to staff at Conservative Party HQ after his victory was announced. He was then given a rousing reception by Tory MPs at a meeting in Parliament, where he urged them to "unite, unite, unite and win". The BBC's Nick Eardley, who was outside the room, said such gatherings had been gloomy and downbeat for many months, but this one was full of laughter. One MP told our correspondent: "The BoJo show is up and running." Another said: "The cloud has been lifted." Resignations Mr Johnson will begin announcing his new cabinet on Wednesday, but it has already been confirmed that Mark Spencer, MP for Sherwood in Nottinghamshire, will become chief whip - the person responsible for enforcing party discipline in the Commons. A number of senior figures have already said they will not serve under Mr Johnson, though, citing their opposition to his stance on Brexit. He has pledged the UK will leave the EU on 31 October "do or die", accepting that a no-deal exit will happen if a new agreement cannot be reached by then. Education Minister Anne Milton tweeted her resignation just half an hour before the leadership result was due to be revealed, insisting the UK "must leave the EU in a responsible manner". And International Development Secretary Rory Stewart confirmed he would be returning to the backbenches, where he would be spending more time "serving Cumbria" and "walking". David Gauke, another vocal opponent of a no-deal Brexit, announced he was resigning as justice secretary. They join the likes of Chancellor Philip Hammond, Foreign Office minister Sir Alan Duncan and Culture Minister Margot James who have all said they disagree too strongly with Mr Johnson's Brexit strategy to work closely with him. Boris Johnson will become our next prime minister. A sentence that might thrill you. A sentence that might horrify you. A sentence that 12 months ago even his most die-hard fans would have found hard to believe. But it's not a sentence, unusually maybe for politics, that won't bother you either way. Because whatever you think of Boris Johnson, he is a politician that is hard to ignore. With a personality, and perhaps an ego, of a scale that few of his colleagues can match. This is the man who even as a child wanted to be "world king". Now, he is the Tory king, and the Brexiteers are the court. Read Laura's blog here The EU Commission's Brexit negotiator, Michel Barnier, said he was looking forward to working with Mr Johnson "to facilitate the ratification of the withdrawal agreement and achieve an orderly Brexit". The new Tory leader has previously said the agreement Mrs May reached with the EU was "dead", having been rejected three times by MPs. Guy Verhofstadt, the European Parliament's chief Brexit co-ordinator, said the parliament would hold an extraordinary meeting on Wednesday in response to Mr Johnson's election. Jeremy Corbyn reacted to the result by tweeting that Mr Johnson had "won the support of fewer than 100,000 unrepresentative Conservative Party members". "The people of our country should decide who becomes the prime minister in a general election," he added. Speaking to the BBC later, Mr Corbyn said Labour planned to table a motion of no confidence in Mr Johnson. Asked when that would be, he replied: "It will be an interesting surprise for you all." What happens now? Wednesday 12:00 BST onwards: Theresa May takes part in her last Prime Minister's Questions. After lunch she will make a short farewell speech outside No. 10 before travelling to see the Queen to tender her resignation. Boris Johnson will then arrive for an audience at Buckingham Palace where he will be invited to form a government. After that he will make a speech in Downing Street before entering the building for the first time as prime minister. Later, he will begin announcing his most senior cabinet appointments, such as chancellor, home secretary and foreign secretary, and will make and take his first calls from other world leaders. Thursday: Mr Johnson is expected to make a statement to Parliament about his Brexit strategy and take questions from MPs. Parliament will break up for its summer recess later. The new PM will also continue announcing his new cabinet. Newly-elected Lib Dem leader Jo Swinson said Mr Johnson had "shown time and time again that he isn't fit to be the prime minister of our country". First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon congratulated Mr Johnson, but said she had "profound concerns" about him becoming prime minister. The new leader also received congratulations from Arlene Foster, the leader of Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party, whose support has kept the Conservatives in government since the 2017 general election. She said the pact - known as a confidence and supply agreement - continued and would be reviewed over the coming weeks "to explore the policy priorities of both parties". Leader of the Scottish Conservatives Ruth Davidson, who backed Mr Hunt in the campaign, also sent her congratulations, adding that the new PM had "an enormous task ahead of him". In the often divisive Brexit world of "them and us" it's easy to forget that, beyond Brexit, EU leaders still see the UK as a close partner and ally. Today's messages of congratulation to Boris Johnson from across Europe were a timely reminder. Whatever happens with Brexit, France, Germany, Poland et al still very much hope to work closely with the UK on international issues like Russia sanctions, Iran, and human rights protection. But EU leaders' welcoming tone does not signal a willingness to accept whatever Prime Minister Johnson might demand in terms of changes to the Brexit deal. He's right when he says a no-deal Brexit is bad for Brussels, but he overestimates EU wiggle room. Amendments will only be forthcoming if EU leaders deem them workable and are convinced the new prime minister commands a majority in Parliament to get an agreement through once and for all. | ব্রিটেনে আজ নতুন প্রধানমন্ত্রী হিসেবে দায়িত্ব নিতে যাচ্ছেন ক্ষমতাসীন কনজারভেটিভ পার্টির নতুন নেতা বরিস জনসন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The military's heightened presence is the latest sign of a potential crackdown on opposition to the coup it carried out on 1 February. Hundreds of thousands of people have taken part in protests over the last 10 days, demanding democracy be restored. They also want their elected leaders released from detention. But on Monday, it was reported civilian leader Aung San Su Kyi would be detained for a further two days, according to her lawyer, Khin Maung Zaw, She was rounded up with other members of the government in the early hours of 1 February, but her detention was due to end today, news agency Reuters said. Her party was elected in a resounding victory last November, but the military has alleged voter fraud without providing proof. The news came hours after the internet was restored. Telecoms operator said they had been told to shut off services from 01:00 to 09:00 local time, Sunday into Monday (18:30 to 02:30 GMT). Internet traffic was at 14% of normal levels after the order came into force, according to NetBlocks, a monitoring group. What are the signs of a crackdown? Across the country on Sunday, hundreds of thousands of protesters rallied against the military for the ninth day in a row. In the city of Myitkyina, in Kachin state, shooting could be heard as security forces clashed with anti-coup demonstrators. It was not clear whether rubber bullets or live rounds were being fired. Five journalists were among those arrested. In Yangon, armoured vehicles were seen on the streets for the first time since the coup. Monks and engineers led a rally there, while motorcyclists drove through the streets of the capital, Nay Pyi Taw. A doctor at a hospital in Nay Pyi Taw told the BBC the security forces were carrying out night-time raids on homes. "I'm still worrying because they make a curfew statement just not to go outside between 20:00 and 04:00, but this makes a time for the police and soldiers to arrest people like us," said the doctor, who cannot be named for safety reasons. "The previous day they stole into the house, cut down the fence, entered and arrested people unlawfully. That's why I'm also worrying." An office of the US embassy in Yangon warned US nationals to stay indoors during curfew hours. On Saturday, the military said arrest warrants had been issued for seven prominent opposition campaigners and warned the public not to harbour opposition activists fleeing arrest. Video footage showed people reacting with defiance, banging pots and pans to warn their neighbours of night-time raids by the security forces. The military on Saturday also suspended laws requiring court orders for detaining people longer than 24 hours and for searching private property. What is the rest of the world saying? A UN official accused the military of "declaring war" on the people. Tom Andrews, the UN special rapporteur on Myanmar (also known as Burma), said the generals were showing "signs of desperation" and would be held accountable. Western embassies urged the military to show restraint. A statement signed by the EU, the US and the UK said: "We call on security forces to refrain from violence against demonstrators, who are protesting the overthrow of their legitimate government." Myanmar - the basics | মিয়ানমারের বড় শহরগুলোর রাস্তায় সাঁজোয়া যানের উপস্থিতি স্বত্ত্বেও বিক্ষোভকারীদের বিভিন্ন স্থানে ছোট ছোট দলে সমবেত হতে দেখা যাচ্ছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The unknown attackers raided key protest sites in the capital sending demonstrators fleeing into the streets. The unrest in Iraq began in October, fuelled by anger over corruption, unemployment, poor public services and the influence of Iran. More than 400 people have been killed since the protests started. Witnesses described chaotic scenes from the latest attacks, which happened overnight on Friday. Armed men on pick-up trucks are said to have driven through areas that have formed the centre of the protests in Baghdad, forcing demonstrators to flee from bullets. It is not clear who is responsible - state television called the assailants "unidentified men". Earlier this week several people were stabbed in Baghdad after supporters of an Iranian-backed militia swarmed into a square occupied by protesters. In another development, a drone dropped a bomb on the house of the influential Shia cleric Moqtada Sadr, a source within his party said. He was out of the country at the time. The Iraqi Prime Minister, Adel Abdul Mahdi, has resigned over the protests but those who have taken to the streets want a fundamental overhaul of the country's political system. Iraq uses a quota-based system that allocates positions to political parties based on sectarian and ethnic identity. But many Iraqis say it only encourages patronage and corruption and there is particular concern over Iran, the dominant Shia Muslim state which has close links to Iraqi Shia politicians who have been running the country since the toppling of Saddam Hussein. | ইরাকে সরকারবিরোধী বিক্ষোভের সময় রাজধানী বাগদাদে আজ শনিবার ভোরে বন্দুকধারীরা কমপক্ষে ২০ জনকে গুলি করে হত্যা করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | "If it would be appropriate for me to meet with him, I would - absolutely. I would be honoured to do it," he told news organisation Bloomberg on Monday. The previous day he described Mr Kim as a "pretty smart cookie". The comments come amid escalating tensions over North Korea's nuclear programme. The White House issued a statement following Mr Trump's remarks, saying North Korea would need to meet many conditions before any meeting between the two leaders could take place. Spokesman Sean Spicer said Washington wanted to see the North end its provocative behaviour immediately. "Clearly conditions are not there right now," he added. In Sunday's interview with CBS, President Trump noted Mr Kim had assumed power at a young age, despite dealing with "some very tough people". He said he had "no idea" whether Mr Kim was sane. The North Korean leader had his uncle executed two years after he came to power, and is suspected of ordering the recent killing of his half-brother. President Trump, asked what he made of the North Korean leader, told CBS: "People are saying: 'Is he sane?' I have no idea... but he was a young man of 26 or 27... when his father died. He's dealing with obviously very tough people, in particular the generals and others. "And at a very young age, he was able to assume power. A lot of people, I'm sure, tried to take that power away, whether it was his uncle or anybody else. And he was able to do it. So obviously, he's a pretty smart cookie." On Saturday North Korea conducted its second failed ballistic missile test in two weeks. Tensions in the region have increased lately, with both North and South Korea conducting military exercises. The US sent warships to the region and began installing a controversial anti-missile system in South Korea last week. You may also be interested in: On Sunday, an article from Pyongyang's state-run news agency KCNA urged the US to "ponder over the catastrophic consequences to be entailed by their foolish military provocation". North Korea has carried out repeated missile tests in recent months and is threatening to conduct its sixth nuclear test. President Trump told CBS the US was "not going to be very happy" if further tests were carried out. When asked whether this would mean military action he said: "I don't know. I mean, we'll see." | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন, উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং-আনের সঙ্গে দেখা হলে তিনি সম্মানিত বোধ করবেন, অবশ্য যদি সেটা সঠিক সময়ে হয়। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Kevin PonniahBBC News, Delhi India was in the grip of patriotic fervour in early March when WhatsApp groups were flooded with photographs claiming to show proof that unprecedented Indian air strikes in Pakistani territory had been successful. While India's government said the 26 February strikes had killed a "large number of militants", Islamabad insisted there had been no casualties. But BBC fact-checkers found that the photos - purportedly of dead militants and a destroyed training camp - were old images that were being shared with false captions. One photo showed a crowd of Muslim women and men gathered around three bodies but those pictured were actually victims of a suicide attack in Pakistan in 2014. A series of photos - of crumbling buildings, piles of debris and bodies in shrouds lying on the ground - were traced to a devastating earthquake in Pakistan-administered Kashmir in 2005. WhatsApp and Facebook have been struggling to curb the impact of "fake news" - messages, photos and videos peddling misleading or outright false information - in elections around the world. But India's upcoming election - the world's largest democratic exercise - is seen as a significant test. Internet usage in rural areas has exploded since the last election in 2014, fuelled by the world's lowest mobile data prices. In the lead-up to the vote, Facebook has removed hundreds of accounts and pages for misleading users. WhatsApp, meanwhile, has launched a service to verify reports sent in by users and to study the scale of misinformation on the platform. What's the scale of the problem? India poses a particularly complex problem for Facebook. It is WhatsApp's largest market - more than 200 million Indians use the app - and a place where users forward more content than anywhere else in the world. The fact that up to 256 people can be part of a group chat makes it incredibly popular with extended families and large groups of friends. While much of these daily conversations involve people making plans, sharing jokes and catching up - political messages and videos are also shared widely. BBC research last year found that a rising tide of nationalism was driving Indians to share fake news. Participants tended to assume that WhatsApp messages from family and friends could be trusted and sent on without any checks. Prasanto K Roy, a tech writer, is in a group of more than 100 classmates from his old high school in Delhi. There are Christians and Muslims in the Hindu-majority group. "In the past year we have been seeing a great deal of polarisation," he said. "A few people were incessantly sending out fake stuff. Some of us would do fact checks and tell them off but we were ignored. Finally they were suspended. Things have improved but it's still tense." Many Indians were first introduced to the internet through their smartphones. A recent Reuters Institute survey of English-language Indian internet users found that 52% of respondents got news via WhatsApp. The same proportion said they got their news from Facebook. But content shared via WhatsApp has led to murder. At least 31 people were killed in 2017 and 2018 as a result of mob attacks fuelled by rumours on WhatsApp and social media, a BBC analysis found. What's happening before the election? Both of the main parties - the governing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the opposition Congress - are exploiting the power of WhatsApp to try to influence India's 900 million eligible voters. Before the campaign began, the BJP had plans to assign some 900,000 people with the specific task of localised WhatsApp campaigning, the Hindustan Times newspaper reported. Congress, the party of the Nehru-Gandhi political dynasty, is focusing on uploading campaign content on Facebook and distributing it via WhatsApp. Both parties have been accused of spreading false or misleading information, or misrepresentation online. On 1 April, Facebook removed 687 pages or accounts that it said were linked to the Congress party for "co-ordinated inauthentic behaviour". Pro-BJP Facebook pages - possibly as many as 200 - were also taken down, according to reports, although Facebook did not confirm this. (The social media company did not respond to a request for an explanation). The BJP began setting up WhatsApp groups en masse around 2016 as it saw an opportunity to reach vast numbers of people, said Shivam Shankar Singh, a former BJP data analyst who worked on regional elections in 2017 and 2018. By mapping names on electoral rolls against purchased phone numbers and names, it was able to create groups based on certain demographics - such as caste or religion - and target messaging, he said. Mr Singh, who now works for anti-BJP opposition parties in the state of Bihar, estimated that there were at least 20,000 pro-BJP WhatsApp groups in northern Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state. National party spokesman Gopal Krishna Agarwal denied that the party had any official policy to set up WhatsApp groups - other than to facilitate communication between party workers. He said supporters and members at a local level were allowed to set up groups, but that these had no official link to the party. "We don't want to control it, it's an open social media platform," he said. Why does WhatsApp pose a unique problem? Indian fact-checking websites like AltNews and Boom frequently debunk political posts shared on Facebook and Twitter - such as reports that a British analyst of Indian elections had called Congress leader Rahul Gandhi "stupid" or that an air force pilot seen as a national hero had joined Congress. These posts, while not promoted by official party accounts, are often spread widely by unofficial groups or people supporting the parties. They are then sometimes shared by politicians. "Facebook and Twitter are platforms that do not allow too much secrecy which allows fact-checkers like us to trace who the bad actors are in many of the cases," said Jency Jacob, the managing editor of Indian fact-checking site Boom. The difference with WhatsApp is that posts there are private and protected by encryption. Mr Roy likened it to "something of a black hole". "No-one, including WhatsApp itself, gets to see, read, filter or analyse text messages," he said. This is unlikely to change - the company said it "deeply believes in people's ability to communicate privately online". What has the company done? Amid the furore over mob lynchings last year, WhatsApp limited the number of times a user can forward a message to five. It also now labels forwarded messages. The company has launched a nationwide advertising campaign in 10 languages, which it says has reached hundreds of millions of Indians. It also says that it bans two million accounts globally every month that are sending automated spam messages. New privacy settings also allow users to decide who can add them to groups. Previously any WhatsApp user could be added to a group by any other. Now you can choose to only be added automatically to groups by contacts, or by no-one at all. On 2 April the company announced a new project - Checkpoint - that allows users to send in suspicious messages in English and four Indian languages to a local media start-up Proto for verification. Users are told if the message is true, false, misleading or disputed. It was reported widely as a new fact-checking service but the company has since emphasised that it mostly aims to "study the misinformation phenomenon" and that not all users will receive a response. Is it working? While WhatsApp said its moves had decreased forwarded messages by 25%, fact-checkers at other organisations say fake news is still rampant. And they are frustrated that the same rumours and conspiracy theories that they have already debunked - that the Nehru-Gandhi political dynasty have Muslim roots, for example - keep resurfacing. They say that unless WhatsApp changes its stance on encryption and privacy, the introduction of features similar to those that exist on Facebook - for example, flagging debunked content to users who try to forward it - is impossible. Critics also point out that new rules on the platform won't affect the huge number of group chats that already exist - giving the party of Prime Minister Modi an advantage. "The BJP is the only party that has WhatsApp groups at this scale," Mr Singh said. "The other parties can't do it now because WhatsApp has changed its policies." Additional reporting by Aparna Alluri | হোয়াটসঅ্যাপ ভারতের সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয় মেসেজিং প্ল্যাটফর্ম। কিন্তু সম্প্রতি হোয়াটসঅ্যাপের প্রবল সমালোচনা হচ্ছে কারণ ভারতের সাধারণ নির্বাচনের আগে এই প্ল্যাটফর্মকে ব্যবহার করে নানা ধরনের মিথ্যে তথ্য ছড়ানো হচ্ছে এবং অপপ্রচার চালানো হচ্ছে বলে অভিযোগ উঠছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent They are protesting because they feel the Citizenship Amendment Act is discriminatory and part of a Hindu-nationalist agenda to marginalise India's 200-million Muslim minority. Prime Minister Narendra Modi says the new law was "for those who have faced years of persecution outside and have no place to go except India". The demonstrations were triggered by the perceived police brutality at two leading universities in Delhi and the northern city of Aligarh. Police entered campuses and allegedly attacked students inside the library, reading halls and toilets. Distressing videos of the violence have gone viral and fuelled anger across the country. Students and teachers have minced no words. In a strongly worded statement, Ashoka University, one of India's largest private campuses, has described it as "state-sponsored violence". Rights group Amnesty India reminded the government that "students have a right to protest". In a video, a distraught law student asked: "Are we even living in a democracy?" Mr Modi's ruling BJP government has always frowned on dissent, and it is clear that his government sees students as a source of trouble. But the ongoing students' uprising tells us a few things about public mood in a country where half of the population is under the age of 25. For one, Muslim students have been joined by peers from other communities who are not affected by the law directly. The demonstration, says analyst Ajaz Ashraf, has "resurrected the cherished ideal that all Indians, regardless of their religious identity, are equal before law and enjoy the same citizenship rights". Second, after a series of setbacks for the community - the revoking of Kashmir's special status, anxieties over a register of citizens, targeted attacks, and a dwindling political presence - Muslims have come out on the streets to make their presence felt. Under Mr Modi's government, many say, the community had nearly become "invisible" in more ways than one. The students protest, says Mr Ashraf, "marks a watershed in the political life of Muslims". What is also striking is that the protests have spread to campuses that have traditionally steered clear of the politics of protest and agitation - business and engineering schools, for example. This shows the outrage over the law could have coalesced in a rising disenchantment over the gloomy economy and lack of jobs. Young Indians are bristling with ambition and frustration. They believe the government should be engaged in fixing a slowing economy, instead of pushing through a divisive law, which has polarised India further. Interestingly, many sympathisers of the government appear to be echoing a similar same sentiment. In a series of tweets, novelist Chetan Bhagat, an ardent supporter of Mr Modi, has excoriated the government over the police action. "All universities must be protected", he said. "Those who fantasise about India with a Hindu king and his subservient subjects, remember this. Even if I dignified your bigotry [I don't], you can't wish 200 million Muslims away. Try that and India will burn, GDP will crash and your kids will be unsafe and jobless. Stop these fantasies!" But history is littered with examples of students' protests fizzling out for lack of wider political and social support. It may be no different this time. Sooner or later, the agitating students will have to return to their classes, take exams and plan for their future. That is why, say many, India's opposition parties will need to seize the moment and pick up the gauntlet. But the parties are disunited and jaded. The firebrand regional leaders of yore look tired and out of touch. Congress, the only other pan-Indian party, is fighting an existential battle to stay relevant. The opposition, many believe, appears to be working for the status quo, and no longer stand for change. For the moment, the BJP appears to be making the same mistakes as the Congress did during the massive 2012 protests in Delhi after the gang rape of a student on a bus: refusing to talk to young protesters. The party could have sent a senior cabinet minister to negotiate a return to peace on the campus and the streets. Instead Mr Modi has insinuated that Muslims and "people of Pakistani origin" are responsible for the violence. "Listen To Them," a newspaper implored Mr Modi's government on Tuesday. "The government has no language to talk to those who disagree, and more so students. Calling them names corrodes democracy". It is difficult to disagree. Read more from Soutik Biswas: | ভারতের যে বিতর্কিত আইনটি প্রতিবেশী তিনটি রাষ্ট্রের অমুসলিমদের নাগরিকত্বের সুযোগ দিচ্ছে, সেই আইনটির প্রতিবাদে গত কয়েকদিন সারা ভারতজুড়ে হাজার হাজার শিক্ষার্থী রাস্তায় নেমে এসেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The clip is a "deepfake", made by AI software that uses photos of a person to create a video of them in action. Facebook had previously been criticised for not removing a doctored clip of US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. The latest decision coincided with the announcement of 500 new jobs in London. The social network has said many of the posts will be involved in building machine-learning based software of its own to automatically detect and remove malicious content posted to its platforms. In addition, they will build tools to help human workers review potentially harmful material. The company said it would bring its tally to more than 3,000 jobs in the capital by the end of 2019. The deepfake video of Mark Zuckerberg was created for an art installation on display in Sheffield called Spectre. It is designed to draw attention to how people can be monitored and manipulated via social media in light of the Cambridge Analytica affair - among other scandals. It features a computer-generated image of the chief executive's face merged with footage of his body sourced from a video presentation given in 2017 at an office in Facebook's Silicon Valley headquarters. An actor provided the audio recording it is synched to. The 16-second clip - which plays on a loop - was uploaded to Instagram on Saturday. However, it only gained prominence after Motherboard reported on its existence on Tuesday. "The result is fairly realistic - if you leave the video muted," commented the news site. "The voice superimposed on the video is clearly not Zuckerberg, but someone attempting an impression." The account involved had labelled the video with a #deepfake hashtag. The Instagram post has now been viewed more than 25,000 times. Copies have also been shared via Facebook itself. "We will treat this content the same way we treat all misinformation on Instagram," said a spokesman for the app's parent company Facebook. "If third-party fact-checkers mark it as false, we will filter it from Instagram's recommendation surfaces like Explore and hashtag pages." The artists involved said they "welcomed" Facebook's decision but still questioned the company's ethics. "We feel that by using art to engage and critically explore this kind of technology, we are attempting to interrogate the power of these new forms of computational propaganda and as a result would not like to see our artwork censored by Facebook," they told the BBC. "We would however welcome meaningful regulation and oversight of the digital influence industry." Political row Had Facebook opted to block the post, it could have faced accusations of hypocrisy after refusing to remove a manipulated clip of Ms Pelosi three weeks ago. That video was not a deepfake, but had been slowed down in parts to make the Democratic leader's speech appear garbled. The tech firm said at the time that information posted to its site did not need to be "true". But it said it would limit how often the video appeared in members' news feeds, and provide a link to fact-checking sites. Ms Pelosi subsequently criticised the firm saying: "Right now they are putting up something they know is false." "I can take it ... But [Facebook is] lying to the public." The Washington Post has since reported that Mr Zuckerberg tried to personally contact Ms Pelosi to discuss the matter, but she had not responded. Update 13 June 2019: Facebook says it has classed the video as being "misinformation" and has filtered it from recommended hashtag and Explore pages on Instagram as a consequence. In response, the artists involved have told the BBC that they believe this sets a "dangerous precedent" since they had clearly labelled the post as being art. | ফেসবুক কর্তৃপক্ষ জানিয়েছে যে, তারা তাদের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা মার্ক জাকারবার্গকে নিয়ে তৈরি একটি ফেক বা ভুয়া ভিডিও মুছে ফেলবে না। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Geeta PandeyBBC News, India He is the primary heir to the ultimate political dynasty. His great-grandfather, Jawaharlal Nehru, was the first and longest-serving prime minister of India. His grandmother, Indira Gandhi, was the first female prime minister of the country, and his father was India's youngest prime minister. If the 2014 election was Congress' worst political showing ever, Thursday's poll delivered a double blow to Mr Gandhi. Congress won just over 50 seats against the 300 plus that Mr Modi's BJP got; and if that was not bad enough, he lost his own seat in the family bastion of Amethi in Uttar Pradesh. He will still sit in the parliament though because this time he contested from a second seat - Wayanad in Kerala - which he won. However, Amethi was a prestige battle. It was the seat from where both his parents - Sonia and Rajiv Gandhi - had contested and won and he himself had held it for the past 15 years. Even an emotional letter delivered to every house in Amethi - addressed to "Mera Amethi Parivar" - was not enough to spare him a ballot box humiliation at the hands of the BJP's Smriti Irani, a high profile actress-turned-politician. It sits in the heart of Uttar Pradesh - India's most populous state - which is considered the ground zero of politics. It's generally believed that whoever wins the state rules the country. Eight of 14 Indian prime ministers - including Mr Gandhi's great grandfather, grandmother and father - were from the state, which elects the largest number of MPs - 80 out of a 545-member lower house. Even Narendra Modi, who is originally from Gujarat, chose Uttar Pradesh to make his debut as an MP in 2014 when he contested from the ancient city of Varanasi. Not many were expecting an outright win for the Congress, but they were definitely expected to do better than 2014. That's why Thursday's results have stunned many inside and outside the party. Congress may limp on in parliament, but the question many people are asking is if this means the Gandhi era is over - or whether it should be ended to revive the party's fortunes. What does Congress want? On Thursday evening, Mr Gandhi addressed a press conference in Delhi where he conceded the election to Mr Modi, saying the people had given their mandate and chosen the BJP. He also took full responsibility for the Congress party's defeat. And even though counting was not over in Amethi with more than 300,000 votes yet to be counted, he conceded the constituency to Smriti Irani. "I want to congratulate her. She has won, it's a democracy and I respect the decision of people," he said. Refusing to give further details about the Congress performance or what would come next, Mr Gandhi said it would all be discussed in the meeting of the Congress Working Committee, the party's top decision-making body. He also told the Congress workers, the ones who lost and the ones who won, not to lose hope. "There is no need to be afraid. We will continue to work hard and we will eventually win." But at the Congress office in Lucknow, the future victory that Mr Gandhi promised seemed like a distant dream to the handful of despondent party workers, glued to a TV screen, watching the bloodbath unfold as several party veterans lost their seats. "Our credibility is very low. People have no faith in our promises. They are not trusting what we are saying," one party official who didn't want to be named told me. "Mr Modi failed to fulfil the commitments he made, but people still believe him." I ask him why? "Even we can't understand why!" he says. The dismal performance of the Congress is bound to raise questions over Mr Gandhi's leadership and many analysts are already calling for a change, demanding that he step down from the top party post. But all such calls, like in the past, have come from outside the party and are likely to be rejected by its leadership. As rumours swirled around Delhi that Mr Gandhi had offered to quit, Congress politician Mani Shankar Aiyar told BBC Hindi that "Congress will not question its leadership and [will] not accept Mr Gandhi's resignation were he to offer it". He added that the leadership was not the reason for the party's resounding defeat. "It's the other reasons we need to work on," he said. A local party spokesman in Lucknow, Brijendra Kumar Singh, explained that, in their view, the problem was not with Gandhi power, but with party infighting and poor campaign choices. "There are weaknesses in the party structure, there's infighting within the ranks, we were late getting off the ground with our campaign, and our attempts - though unsuccessful - to join the alliance of regional parties in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were a bad idea." Congress leadership is - so far - not laying this defeat at the feet of Mr Gandhi, but in the organisation and campaign strategy of the party as a whole. Personality contest? Many Congress analysts might privately admit that Rahul Gandhi was on the losing side of an unwinnable personality contest. The biggest roadblock in their way, everyone agrees, was "Brand Modi". "Even though the prime minister failed to fulfil the promises he made in the last election, he's still able to convince people about the policies of his government," Mr Singh says. This is not the first time Mr Gandhi has received such a battering at Mr Modi's hands - he was all but written off after the party's worst ever performance in the 2014 elections when they won only 44 seats. Subsequently, the party also lost several state elections and Mr Gandhi was criticised for being "remote and inaccessible" and was ridiculed on social media as a bumbling, clueless leader prone to gaffes. He was also criticised by many for his dynastic links to the Nehru-Gandhi family and PM Modi, who comes from a humble background, has repeatedly said that Mr Gandhi had risen to the top not on merit, but because of family connections. In private conversations, party workers describe Mr Gandhi as a "simple" man who lacks the "wiliness and cunning of his rival". So is this seen as a failure of the man or the Gandhi brand? The illustrious family name has lost some sheen in recent years, especially with urban voters and the aspirational youth for whom the contributions of Nehru and Indira are things that happened in the distant past, and are no longer relevant to them. Their reference point is more recent - the 10 years of the Congress rule from 2004 to 2014 when the government was mired in controversies and corruption. Thursday's mauling shows that voter confidence in Congress is still low and Mr Gandhi failed to sell his vision to them. Gandhis reborn But the party machinery does not blame him or his name for their loss. One party worker suggested what Mr Gandhi needs is an "Amit Shah" - a reference to the BJP party president who's helped craft Mr Modi's winning strategy and has been given credit for the party's victory - first in Gujarat and now in Delhi. It's unlikely that they will blame Mr Gandhi - at least openly - for the debacle. If the past is any indication, they will rally behind him. In the past two years Mr Gandhi's career graph had also begun to improve: he'd emerged from the shadows and was wearing his political skin with more ease. His social media campaigns became smarter and he began arguing convincingly about the government's controversial currency ban, a lack of employment opportunities, growing intolerance in the country and the slowdown in the economy. He was increasingly seen as setting the agenda with a combative campaign and in December when he led the Congress to victory in important state elections in Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, many said he had brought the party back into the reckoning. And then in February, when his charismatic sister Priyanka Gandhi joined him in Uttar Pradesh, it seemed like the Gandhis were on to something. There has long been a school of thought among some Congress enthusiasts that Priyanka might be the Gandhi to save the political dynasty. For whatever reason, she has been reluctant to take on that mantle. The siblings are believed to be close and it is unlikely she will be part of any plan that would see him pushed out. But she may well take on a bigger role in working with and supporting him. In the end, this is being seen in Congress as a broad failure of party vision, an inability to connect with an India that Mr Modi has both defined and taken the pulse of. "If you look at our manifesto, it's the best. The policies we had announced, the promises we made were top notch. But what we had hoped for from the voters, the support we had hoped for, that didn't happen," says state party official Virendra Madan. Mr Madan says the party leadership in Delhi - as well as the state level - will hold meetings in the next few days to figure out what went wrong. "It's time for soul searching. To assess where we went wrong." But, he says, that no matter how decisive the election result, there's no question of the party not standing by its leadership. "It's not just Mr Gandhi who has lost. Lots of other leaders also did not win. And elections come and go, you win some and you lose some. Remember in 1984, BJP was down to just two seats? Didn't they make a comeback? We will also come back," he says. | ভারতের নির্বাচনে বিপুল বিজয় পেয়েছে নরেন্দ্র মোদীর বিজেপি। অন্যদিকে বিরোধীদল কংগ্রেস এবং তার নেতা রাহুল গান্ধী - ভারতের প্রভাবশালী নেহরু-গান্ধী পরিবারের উত্তরাধিকারী - এখন পরাজিত, বিধ্বস্ত। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Only 51% use Facebook, which is a 20 percentage point drop since 2015, when the US-based Pew Research Center last surveyed teens' social media habits. Most of those aged 13 to 17 own or have access to a smartphone, with 45% online on a near-constant basis. YouTube has stolen Facebook's former dominance over teens, with 85% of them preferring the video-sharing platform. Second and third top social media services among teens are now Instagram at 72% and Snapchat at 69%. The numbers of teens who use Twitter (32%) and Tumblr (14%) are largely unchanged compared to the results found in 2015. While Facebook may have lost its reign among the teenage demographic to Google-owned YouTube, it has owned the rising favourite Instagram, a photo and video-sharing networking service, since 2012. The Pew study, which surveyed nearly 750 teens in one month earlier this year, found that the increase in smartphone ownership played a huge part in teen life. Today's 95% is a 22-point increase from the 73% of teens three years ago. It also found, consistent with previous studies, that while most teens used the same social media platforms as their peers, low-income teens were more likely to prefer Facebook than teens from a higher-income household. The Pew survey could not find clear consensus among teens about the effects of social media on their lives. Almost a third described the effect as mostly positive, and a quarter saying mostly negative. The largest bloc, 45%, said that the effect was neither positive nor negative. | ফেসবুক-টুইটারের মতো সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া বা সামাজিক যোগাযোগের মাধ্যম তরুণ তুর্কীদেরকে আরো উদ্বিগ্ন করে তুলছে বলে এক গবেষণায় বেরিয়ে এসেছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Mahjooba NowrouziBBC Afghan Service Rabia returned home, suffering from pain and fever, and gave her prescription to her husband to buy the medicine for her. But when he saw her name on the prescription he beat her, for revealing it "to a strange man". Her story - which was relayed to the BBC through a friend - is not unique. In Afghanistan, family members often force women to keep their name a secret from people outside the family, even doctors. Using a woman's name in public is frowned upon and can be considered an insult. Many Afghan men are reluctant to say the names of their sisters, wives or mothers in public. Women are generally only referred to as the mother, daughter or sister of the eldest male in their family, and Afghan law dictates that only the father's name should be recorded on a birth certificate. The problem starts early, when a girl is born. It takes a long time for her to be given a name. Then when a woman is married her name does not appear on her wedding invitations. When she is ill her name does not appear on her prescription, and when she dies her name does not appear on her death certificate or even her headstone. But some Afghan women are now campaigning to use their names freely, with the slogan "Where Is My Name?" The campaign began three years ago when Laleh Osmany realised she was fed up with women being denied what she thought was a "basic right". "The campaign is getting one step closer to achieving its goal of persuading the Afghan government to record the mother's name on a birth certificate," Ms Osmany, who is 28, said. The campaign appears to have taken a big step in the past few weeks. A source close to Afghan President Ashraf Ghani said he had instructed the Afghanistan Central Civil Registration Authority (Accra) to look into the possibility of amending the country's Population Registration Act to allow women to have their names on their children's ID cards and birth certificates. The BBC understands the act has now been amended and forwarded to the President's Office of Administrative Affairs (OAA). Fawzia Koofi, an Afghan former MP and women's rights activist, told the BBC she welcomed the development, which "should have happened many years back". "The matter of including a woman's name on the national ID card in Afghanistan is not a matter of women's rights - it's a legal right, a human right," she said. "Any individual who exists in this world has to have an identity." But campaigners fear that their efforts may face strong opposition from conservative members of parliament, some of whom have already expressed their disapproval. Ms Osmany welcomed the reports of the president's amendment order, but said it was not the end of the fight. "Even if the parliament passes the law and President Ghani issues a presidential decree endorsing the inclusion of mother's name on ID cards, we will keep fighting until shame is removed from women's names," she said. Soon after Ms Osmany began her campaign three years ago, Afghan celebrities began to throw their support behind it, including the singer and music producer Farhad Darya and the singer-songwriter Aryana Sayeed. "When we refer to women by their roles, their original and real identity gets lost," said Mr Darya. "When men deny women's identities, over time women themselves begin to censor their own identity." Ms Sayeed, a women's rights activist and one of Afghanistan's most famous singers, said women were entitled to an independent identity. "A woman is first of all a human and then your wife, sister, mother or daughter, and she has the right to be recognised by her identity," she said. But she said she feared the campaign had a long road ahead. Along with the support, Ms Osmany has received many critical comments on social media. Some said the priority should be to maintain the peace within the family - "Get your priorities right," wrote one commenter. Several men accused her of wanting her name on her children's identity cards because they said she didn't know who the father was. And many women in the country would not support the idea. "When someone asks me to tell them my name, I have to think about the honour of my brother, my father and my fiancé," said one woman from Herat province, who spoke to the BBC anonymously. "I want to be referred to as the daughter of my father, the sister of my brother," she said. "And in the future, I want to be referred to as the wife of my husband, then the mother of my son." 'The sun and the moon haven't seen her' Afghanistan remains a patriarchal society, in which "male honour" forces women not only to keep their bodies hidden but also to hide their names, according to the Afghan sociologist Ali Kaveh. "In Afghan society, the best women are those who are not seen and heard. As the saying goes: 'The sun and moon haven't seen her'," Mr Kaveh said. "The harshest and toughest men are the most respected and honourable men in society. If the female members of their family are liberal, they are considered promiscuous and dishonourable." Shakardokht Jafari, an Afghan medical physicist based at the Surrey Technology Centre in the UK, said that for Afghan women to have an independent identity, they would need financial, social, and emotional independence, and support from the country's parliament. "In a country like Afghanistan, the government should take legal action against those who deny these women their identity," Ms Jafari said. Since the fall of the Taliban regime nearly two decades ago, the national and international communities have been trying to bring women back into public life. But women like Rabia are still abused by their husbands for telling doctors their names, and it can be risky to speak publicly against the tradition. It is easier for women who have left Afghanistan. Farida Sadaat was a child bride and had her first baby at the age of 15. She and her husband later separated and she moved to Germany with her four children. Ms Sadaat told the BBC her husband had not been present in his children's lives, physically or emotionally, and she believes he has no right to have his name printed on their Afghan identity cards. "I brought up my children all by myself. My husband refused to divorce me so that I cannot get married again," she said. "I call upon the Afghan president to change the law and record mothers' names on birth certificates and identity cards." Sahar, an Afghan refugee in Sweden who used to be a freelance journalist but now works in a nursing home, told the BBC she had been a distant but staunch supporter of the campaign since it began. When Sahar first heard about the idea, she decided to post a message on social media. "I am proud to write that my name is Sahar," she wrote. "My mother's name is Nasimeh, my maternal grandmother's name is Shahzadu, and my paternal grandmother's name is Fukhraj." | এই নারী - আমরা তার নাম দিয়েছি রাবিয়া - থাকেন পশ্চিম আফগানিস্তানে। অনেক জ্বর নিয়ে তিনি গেছেন ডাক্তারের কাছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The US treasury has been authorised to target firms and financial institutions conducting business with the North. The president also said China's Central Bank had instructed other Chinese banks to stop doing business with Pyongyang. It comes less than two weeks after the UN approved new sanctions against the country over its latest nuclear test. Tensions have risen in recent weeks over the North's continued nuclear and ballistic missile tests, despite pressure from world powers to stop. Announcing a new executive order on Thursday, President Trump said the measures were designed to "cut off sources of revenue that fund North Korea's efforts to develop the deadliest weapons known to humankind". He singled out the North's textiles, fishing, information technology and manufacturing industries. "For much too long North Korea has been allowed to abuse the international financial system to facilitate funding for its nuclear weapons and missile programs," he said. He stressed that the sanctions were targeting "only one country, and that country is North Korea". His treasury secretary, Steven Mnuchin, later told reporters: "Foreign financial institutions are now on notice that going forward they can choose to do business with the United States or with North Korea, but not both." The US president had on Tuesday vowed to "totally destroy" the North if forced to defend itself or its allies, in his first address as US president to the UN General Assembly. North Korean leader Kim Jong-un vowed to make Mr Trump "pay dearly" for his speech. In a statement on Friday, he branded Mr Trump "mentally deranged" and said the US president's remarks "have convinced me, rather than frightening or stopping me, that the path I chose is correct and that it is the one I have to follow to the last". Taking an indirect swipe at the US, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov warned the UN that "military hysteria" over the North's nuclear testing would lead to "disaster". China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi told Pyongyang not to go in a "dangerous direction", and told the UN General Assembly on Thursday that there should be no new nuclear weapons on the Korean peninsula "whether it is in the north or the south". Meanwhile, South Korea's president, Moon Jae-in, met Mr Trump on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly - an annual event, bringing together leaders of the UN's 193 member states. Earlier, Mr Moon said his country did not want the North to collapse, nor does it want an enforced reunification of the peninsula. But he said sanctions were necessary to bring Pyongyang to the negotiating table and force it to give up its nuclear weapons programme. The latest UN sanctions - which came after the North's nuclear test on 3 September - restrict oil imports and ban textile exports, in an attempt to starve it of fuel and income for its weapons programmes. It is the ninth round of UN sanctions to hit North Korea since 2006. The US has been imposing sanctions on North Korea since 2008, freezing the assets of individuals and companies linked to its nuclear programme, as well as banning the exports of goods and services to the country. In his comments on Thursday, President Trump praised China, one of North Korea's closest trading partners, saying: "Their central bank has told their other banks, that's a massive banking system, to immediately stop doing business with North Korea." However, a spokesman for China's foreign ministry, Lu Kang, later said that Mr Trump's comments were inaccurate. "They do not accord with the facts," he said. It is not clear if a misunderstanding has occurred in relation to China's banks being ordered to immediately cease doing business with Pyongyang or whether China's central bank has agreed to a gradual withdrawal from the market. None of the latest sanctions are believed to include any ban on oil imports to North Korea, which China continues to resist. Three days after the UN's punitive measures were approved, Pyongyang fired off a second ballistic missile over Japan - its furthest-reaching yet. European Union officials have also revealed plans to impose fresh sanctions against the country, but a decision is unlikely to be taken until the middle of October. Experts say North Korea has made surprisingly quick progress in its development of long-range missiles and nuclear weapons. | রাশিয়ার ওপর নতুন করে অবরোধ আরোপের বিলে স্বাক্ষর করেছেন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The Cyberspace Administration said people had been using the three platforms to spread terror-related material, rumours and obscenities. The breaches "jeopardised national security," the administration said. China's authorities heavily censor the internet, routinely blocking content or search terms they consider sensitive. Weibo is a Twitter-like microblogging site, WeChat is an instant messaging mobile app and Baidu Tieba is a popular discussion forum. They are all reported to have hundreds of millions of active users. China's Cyberspace Administration accused internet users of "spreading violence, terror, false rumours, pornography and other hazards to national security, public safety, social order" on the three platforms. Baidu expressed "regret" and said it would "actively co-operate with government departments" and "increase the intensity of auditing", Reuters reported. There was no immediate comment from Tencent, which owns WeChat, or Weibo. Analysis: China continues to tightens online rules John Sudworth, BBC News, Beijing Weibo, WeChat and Baidu's Tieba are among the most powerful social media platforms in the world, each attracting hundreds of millions of users in China. In China, posts are easily traceable through registered phone numbers and most people already know well the topics and opinions to steer clear of. But despite the tight surveillance and censorship, dissent still bubbles away and, ahead of a highly sensitive Communist Party Congress this autumn, the authorities are tightening those controls further. The move to place the three platforms under investigation will almost certainly prompt the sites' owners to do even more to police their own content. Last month 60 popular celebrity gossip sites were closed overnight for corrupting "core socialist values," and a new regulation released in May requires all online news portals to be managed by Communist Party-sanctioned editorial staff. In 2016, watchdog Freedom House ranked China as "the world's worst abuser of internet freedom", adding that "harsh punishments for expression and a deteriorating legal environment are significantly undermining civil society activism on the internet". China blocks foreign social media sites and apps, including Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. Search engines like Google are blocked, and access to many foreign media outlets is restricted too. It is also clamping down on users who try to get around the restrictions, by tightening regulations on Virtual Private Networks. | চীন বলছে সেদেশের সবচেয়ে বড় ও জনপ্রিয় তিনটি সামাজিক যোগাযোগ প্ল্যাটফর্ম - ওয়েবো, উইচ্যাট এবং বাইদু তিয়েবার বিরুদ্ধে তারা তদন্ত করছে। তাদের বিরুদ্ধে সাইবার নিরাপত্তা আইন লংঘনের অভিযোগ উঠেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The military's move followed days of mass anti-government protests and Morsi's rejection of an ultimatum from the generals to resolve Egypt's worst political crisis since Hosni Mubarak was deposed in 2011. Four months after he was toppled, Morsi went on trial alongside 14 senior figures from the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood movement, accused of inciting his supporters to murder a journalist and two opposition protesters, and ordering the torture and unlawful detention of others. The charges related to clashes between opposition protesters and Muslim Brotherhood supporters outside the Ittihadiya presidential palace in Cairo in December 2012. At the first hearing, he shouted from the dock that he was the victim of a "military coup" and rejected the authority of the courts to try him. He was acquitted of murder but jailed for 20 years for ordering the torture and detention of protesters. Morsi subsequently faced a raft of other charges, and was sentenced to death, although the conviction was overturned. He was on trial for espionage when he died in court on 17 June 2019. Islamist MP Mohammed Morsi was born in the village of El-Adwah in the Nile Delta province of Sharqiya in 1951. He studied Engineering at Cairo University in the 1970s before moving to the United States to complete a PhD. After returning to Egypt he became head of the engineering department at Zagazig University. He rose through the ranks of the Muslim Brotherhood and served as an independent in the movement's parliamentary bloc from 2000 to 2005. As an MP, he was occasionally praised for his oratorical performances, for example after a rail disaster in 2002 when he denounced official incompetence. Morsi was chosen as the Muslim Brotherhood's presidential candidate in April 2012 after the movement's deputy general guide, millionaire businessman Khairat al-Shater, was forced to pull out. In his election campaign, Morsi presented himself as a bulwark against any revival of the old guard of Hosni Mubarak. Mass protests When he came to power in June 2012 after a narrow election victory, Morsi promised to head a government "for all Egyptians". But critics complained he had failed to deliver during his turbulent year in office. They accused him of allowing Islamists to monopolise the political scene, concentrating power in the hands of the Muslim Brotherhood. Moreover, they said he had mishandled the economy and failed to deal with the very issues that led to the uprising that brought him to power: calls for rights and social justice. Public opposition to Morsi began building in November 2012 when, wishing to ensure that the Islamist-dominated constituent assembly could finish drafting a new constitution, the president issued a decree granting himself far-reaching powers. Amid increasing unrest, Morsi issued a further decree authorising the armed forces to protect national institutions and polling places until a referendum on a draft constitution was held on 15 December 2012. Critics said that decree amounted to a form of martial law and clashes between Morsi's opponents and supporters left more than 50 people dead. Mass protests were held to mark the first anniversary of the day Morsi took office, and millions took to the streets across Egypt. 'Coup' The military warned Morsi that it would intervene if he did not satisfy the public's demands within 48 hours. On the evening of 3 July, the army suspended the constitution and announced the formation of a technocratic interim government ahead of new presidential elections. Morsi denounced the action as a "coup". His arrest was ordered by then armed forces chief - and now president - Abdul Fattah al-Sisi - and he was taken by the army to an undisclosed location, and was not heard from for weeks. His supporters took to the streets of Cairo, demanding his release and immediate return to power. The army responded by breaking up two protest camps in the capital by force on 14 August and arresting key Brotherhood figures. Almost 1,000 people were killed in a crackdown the interim authorities portrayed as a struggle against "terrorism". In the years that followed Morsi's removal, Egypt witnessed an upsurge of violence by Islamist insurgents, and a brutal crackdown on the Brotherhood movement which was declared a terrorist group. Morsi disappeared from public view, apart from periodic court appearances. In the meantime, his predecessor Hosni Mubarak was freed from jail - a signal to many that Egypt had not particularly moved on since before the elections which brought Morsi, briefly, to power. | মোহাম্মদ মোরসি ছিলেন মিশরের প্রথম গণতান্ত্রিকভাবে নির্বাচিত প্রেসিডেন্ট। সামরিক বাহিনী তাকে উৎখাতের আগে মাত্র এক বছর ক্ষমতায় ছিলেন তিনি। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Swaminathan NatarajanBBC World Service Taimour Abdulla Ahmed is thinking back to the evening in May 1988 when, as a 12 year old, he and dozens of other children and women were forced into a desert pit and Iraqi soldiers opened fire on them. Their crime - they were Kurds in Saddam Hussein's Iraq. "My heart died with my mother and sisters in that grave. "I get recurring flashbacks. I think about it when I go to sleep," says Ahmed, now 43, who remembers in graphic detail how the bullets killed his mother and two of his sisters. He believes his other sister was shot dead in a neighbouring pit. Ahmed is now seeking justice for the dead. The killings were part of a campaign of collective punishment known as "Anfal" by the Iraqi government against the Kurdish people in the north. The authorities claimed they were quelling a rebellion after some Kurds sided with the enemy during the 1980 to 1988 Iran-Iraq war. Human Rights Watch says up to 100,000 mostly civilians died in systematic ethnic cleansing, which involved the use of chemical weapons. Kurdish sources put that figure at more than 180,000. At the time, Ahmed, his parents and sisters were living in Kulajo, a remote village of some 110 people, who were all part of the same extended family. "It was difficult to find our village," Ahmed tells the BBC. But he says Kurds who were collaborating with Hussein's regime directed Iraqi forces there in April 1988. The villagers were rounded up and taken to a military camp where the men were separated from the women and children. That was the last Ahmed saw of his father. A month later Ahmed and the others were put into trucks and driven much further south. "When the doors were opened I saw three pits next to each other. I saw two Iraqi soldiers armed with AK47 rifles." The women and children - some of them babies in their mothers' arms - were forced out of the trucks and into the pits. "All of a sudden the soldiers started firing at us." A bullet hit him in his left arm. "Bullets were fired next to my head, shoulders and legs. The entire ground was shaking. The whole place was full of blood. I got another two shots in my back. I was waiting for my death," he says. He miraculously survived and played dead until the soldiers left. He then managed to get out from among the bodies and escape into the night. He eventually came to the tent of a Bedouin family who looked after him. He stayed with them for three years until he made contact with one of his few surviving relatives and moved back to the north, where he still had to hide from the authorities. In 1996 he was granted asylum in the US where he now lives. In 2009, after the toppling of Saddam Hussein, Ahmed returned to Iraq and found the massacre site. "When I saw the graves I was shaking. I was crying," he says. "I contacted the Iraqi government and told them that I needed to be informed about any decision regarding the graves." But in June this year they started digging them up without notifying him. They plan to rebury the bodies in the Kurdish region. When Ahmed heard from friends about what was happening he flew over from the US. More than 170 bodies have already been recovered from the site, but Ahmed says the people carrying out the exhumations have left bones and possessions in the ground. He is now involved in a stand off with the authorities and has taken legal action to prevent them from digging up the grave which he believes contains the bodies of his mother and two sisters. He says only when they agree to do the work properly and "respectfully" and meet other demands, such as putting those responsible for the massacre on trial, should the exhumations continue. He also wants to bring the massacre to the world's attention. "I want the cameras to zoom in on the bodies of innocent children clutching their mothers just before being shot," he says. "I don't even have a picture of my mother and sisters. I want to take a picture with their remains," he adds. Iraqi officials say it is up to the Kurdish authorities to contact the relatives of the victims. Fawd Osman Taha, a spokesman for the Kurdistan Regional Government, says they have to examine the remains and find signs of identification before contacting relatives. "We gather evidence and send it to the special court responsible for prosecuting those who are guilty," adds Mr Taha. Ahmed plans to stay near the site until his demands are met. "I feel God wanted me to survive for a reason. God gave me a big mission and the mission is to talk about those innocent people who can no longer talk," he says. | "এ এক ভয়াবহ অনুভূতি। আমি দেখলাম আমার চোখের সামনে মা'কে মেরে ফেলা হচ্ছে। আমার কোনও শক্তি ছিল না। আমি তাকে রক্ষা করতে পারিনি। এরপরে আমি দেখলাম আমার দুটি বোনকে মেরে ফেলা হচ্ছে।" |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Tim BowlerBusiness reporter, BBC News "When I came into the industry it was a very he-man attitude," says Jacquie. "They just always wanted me to look after the female principal or the children which was ironic - as most of them were fathers and I wasn't even a mother!" Having initially joined the police, Jacquie decided to move into private security in 1980 because it would give her more variety. "I wanted to do close protection, I wanted to do surveillance and wanted to do investigations," she says. Being a bodyguard is particularly high-profile at the moment thanks to Bodyguard, the BBC One drama starring Keeley Hawes as the UK's Home Secretary and Richard Madden as her personal protection officer. Writer Jed Mercurio's script is full of plot twists, guns - and a steamy relationship between the two lead characters. "Technically it's been fine - it is a good drama," says Jacquie, but while such relationships do occasionally happen "you'll get sacked immediately, no question". In her career she's travelled the world staying in five- and six-star hotels, but says "after 12 to 16 hours of thinking on your feet, it's not glamorous". In addition to this, there is the toll on a bodyguard's private life. "You might not go home for eight to 10 weeks." Jacquie also specialises in the more dangerous end of the business - surveillance and rescue. Once she found herself begging on the streets of Iraq, disguised in a burka, as part of a mission to rescue oil workers. While the job is about preventing danger to the client by planning ahead to avoid potential risks, sometimes real life can be as dramatic as any film or TV script. "We were being chased by the Pakistan army and wandered into Kashmir," she told BBC World Service's Business Daily programme. "The Kashmiri rebels were firing at the Pakistan army and we got caught in the crossfire." She and her team had gone undercover in a rescue mission to free a 23-year-old British woman who'd been tricked into going to Pakistan with her new husband. Instead the woman was imprisoned, but eventually got a message to her mother telling her she was being held hostage and asking for help. Her mother contacted Jacquie. One night, Jacquie broke into the villa where the woman was being held, handcuffed to an iron bedstead. "She said she was three months pregnant and was being raped, starved and beaten. I told her, 'We will come back and get you out.'" But suddenly they got a phone call telling them their cover was blown. "Benazir Bhutto, who I'd worked for [previously], had recognised me and thought she knew why I was there - to rescue somebody," says Jacquie. It meant they had to rethink their plans and act fast. "We had to storm the villa by paying a taxi driver to ram the gates," she says. They freed the woman and headed for India with the Pakistani army in pursuit. Going as far as they could in a vehicle they then walked across the mountains. "We were trained and quite fit, but I've got a pregnant woman who's been beaten, starved and has a pair of flip-flops on. To me she was the real hero." Happily, they managed to dodge the gunfire in Kashmir and were able to bring the woman home. Jacquie says there have been two big changes over her three decades in the industry. More women are now signing up, though they still make up only one in 10 bodyguards in the UK. The business also has a much higher public profile now. "Because of terrorism, security is in people's minds," she says. This political instability, coupled with an upsurge in the super-rich in the Middle East, China and elsewhere has driven the growth of the sector in recent years. Figures from the Confederation of European Security Services show there are more than 230,000 people employed in the security services industry in the UK - and 1.9 million in the EU, with 44,000 security companies operating in the sector in Europe alone. Though only a fraction of these will actually be working as bodyguards. In the UK, the Security Industry Authority (SIA) is the industry regulatory body responsible for personal licensing and private security regulations, and all newcomers need to do a training course first. Which is fine as far as it goes, says Jacquie, but points out that "you're never going to come off a course and be a bodyguard or close protection operative immediately". Anybody working in personal protection needs to remember that they are not the client's friend. "You just have to maintain that slight apartness so you can be there when they need it and pull back when they don't," she says. Jacquie herself is now the subject of an upcoming Netflix film, Close. The action-thriller starring Noomi Rapace was inspired by Jacquie's life as a bodyguard and she was a consultant on the film. Director Vicky Jewson has said that working with Jacquie "allowed us to bring an authenticity to the action scenes which was very important to me". Despite the stereotype of burly security men in dark glasses, the essence of being a bodyguard is brains not brawn, Jacquie insists. Recruits need to learn the softer skills of the business to work with clients. For instance, which knife and fork to use in a Michelin restaurant and how to have afternoon tea at the Ritz while blending into the background. You also need to keep up with current affairs, she advises. "You have to be able to talk about the Nasdaq, not The Only Way Is Essex." She's not dismissive of the personal risks that are occasionally involved but says you can't worry going into a job. "You do the job you're trained to do. When you come out, that's when you go, 'Oh my God, what have I just done?'" Listen to the whole interview with Jacquie Davis on Business Daily. | যুক্তরাজ্যের প্রথম নারী দেহরক্ষী হিসাবে কাজ শুরু করেন জ্যাকুইন ডেভিস, যিনি রাজপরিবারের সদস্য এবং অনেক বিখ্যাত ব্যক্তিদের জন্য কাজ করেছেন। তার ৩০ বছরের পেশাজীবনে অনেক জিম্মি মুক্ত করেছেন এবং গোপন নজরদারি করেছেন। কিন্তু কেমন ছিল তার সেই জীবন? |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Unicef estimates that 25 million child marriages have been prevented in the past decade. One in five girls are now married before they are 18, compared with one in four a decade ago. South Asian countries have seen the biggest reduction in child marriages, Unicef says. In India this was achieved by better education for girls and by publicising the harm child marriage causes. The agency said the problem was now most severe in Africa but even so, Ethiopia had cut child marriage rates by a third. Anju Malhotra, Unicef's principal gender adviser, said that given the life-changing impact child marriage had on a girl's life, "any reduction is welcome news - but we've got a long way to go". "When a girl is forced to marry as a child she faces immediate and lifelong consequences," she said. "Her odds of finishing school decrease while her odds of being abused by her husband and suffering complications during pregnancy increase. There are also huge societal consequences, and higher risk of intergenerational cycles of poverty." The report said that the burden of child marriage was shifting to sub-Saharan Africa, where more progress was needed to offset population growth. Unicef said nearly one in three child marriages were now in sub-Saharan Africa, compared with one in five a decade ago. World leaders have vowed to end child marriage by 2030 under the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Ms Malhotra said that to meet that target, efforts had to be stepped up "to prevent millions of girls having their childhoods stolen through this devastating practice". | জাতিসংঘ বলছে, সারা বিশ্বে বাল্য বিবাহের সংখ্যা উল্লেখযোগ্য হারে কমছে। জাতিসংঘের শিশু বিষয়ক সংস্থা ইউনিসেফ তার এক প্রতিবেদনে বলছে, গত এক দশকে সারা পৃথিবীতে আড়াই কোটি বাল্য বিবাহ প্রতিরোধ করা সম্ভব হয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Shumaila JafferyBBC Islamabad Dir was once a Taliban stronghold where women had few rights and were not even allowed vote. She is fighting for a seat on former cricketer Imran Khan's party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf's ticket. The moment she steps outside her home, men start chanting the slogan "long live PTI". A few schoolboys stop and stare from a distance. "I thought that if a woman can cast a vote, she can also run for election, it changed my mind," says Hameeda Shahid. Last year, Pakistan's Election Commission refused to accept council election results in Dir as no woman had voted. It said at least 10% of voters must be women in each constituency for an election to be valid. Hameeda Shahid seized her chance. "I am reaching out to women irrespective of their party affiliations and they say that they are going to vote for me," she says. "They are very happy to get the opportunity to vote and now want me to win a seat in parliament." It's the first time a woman is contesting an election in Dir and men are still getting used to seeing a woman on the campaign trail. Hameeda Shahid's male party supporters give her a scarf with PTI colours. She puts it on and is driven away to canvass more votes. Nationwide problem But it's not just in remote and far flung areas like Dir where women are barred from voting. It happens across the country, even in Punjab which is Pakistan's most developed province. Women have had the right to vote since the foundation of the state but being able to use it is a different story. Just 150km away from the capital Islamabad lies Dhurnal village which has a long history of barring women from voting. On polling day in 1962, a row broke out involving women. Since many men in Pakistan believe that women embody their honour, the village men felt insulted and banned women from voting. More than half a century later, the ban still persists. Dhurnal is a scenic farming town home to around 15,000 people. It's famous for its peanut crop. The houses are large, made of cement and bricks. There's a higher literacy rate here than in your average farming village. Everybody seems to be going out their business but when I meet a young woman who wants to vote, I can sense her tension. The social pressure is so strong that the young woman doesn't want to reveal her identity. We have changed her name to Iram for this article. "In my life I have never seen any woman voting. The men of our village don't like to send their women to polling stations, it has almost become a tradition," says Iram, her face covered with a veil and her eyes just visible. "And there is not a single man strong enough to take a stand and let women from his family cast a ballot because he has to survive in this society too." Women organising This explains why not a single woman voted in 17 polling stations in the previous election but Iram is determined to change things. She is working with a local NGO and has secretly gathered a group of around a dozen women at her house to discuss the importance of voting. Naheeda Abbasi is the regional manager for the Potohar Organisation for Development and Advocacy. She says she has spent the past 10 years trying to persuade village men to let women vote but has hit a brick wall. Even getting access to the women in this conservative village is a challenge so Iram is helping her. Naheeda Abbasi holds a banner which reads "The vote is your power, your future depends on it" as she explains the electoral process to the gathered women. One of the veiled women challenges her. "All our needs are honourably met. Men say we don't have to go out and get disgraced," says the woman. "With so many men hanging out at polling stations on election day, we'd be better staying at home." Naheeda Abbasi listens intently and tells her that the Election Commission will set up separate polling stations for women in conservative areas like Dhurnal. "Women in Dhurnal neither have political awareness nor any knowledge about voting," she says. "They have always been kept away from it. Village men and candidates decide that they don't need women's votes, so the candidates don't reach out to them." Men only In a nearby mosque, cleric Qazi Hafeez Ali is leading prayers. He has a huge influence on village men. The imam denies the existence of a ban - despite women on the ground describing a very different situation. "No one has ever stopped them from casting votes. There was a dispute in the past," he says. "We have lots of fights in this village and most of the time the root cause is women. So people are scared of allowing women to vote but now the situation is changing." I attend a rally for Ammar Yasir who is running for a seat in parliament for former cricketer Imran Khan's party. It's a sea of men. He says he doesn't support the ban on women voting yet none of the candidates has done anything to change it. "I have visited the areas where women are banned from voting and I am in touch with the local elders. They are reviewing it," says Ammar Yasir. Time to act If the women were waiting for the men to act, they would still be denied their right. It's the Election Commission which has sought to put women at the heart of the campaign. Last year, it brought in a rule where 10% of women had to vote in a constituency for the vote to be valid. And in the run up to the 25 July general election, it has embarked on a major registration drive. An extra three million women can now vote though it estimates there are still more than nine million women without a ballot. "[The] realisation has set in where women also are coming forward and they also want to participate," says Nighat Sidiq, director of the Gender Affairs department at the Election Commission. "We have been trying to sensitise women, and also men of those areas, and we are very positive that we will not declare the result until we have 10%. We will go for re-poll." Women activists across the country have campaigned for years to overcome such barriers. Now there is hope in the air that women and their vote can no longer be ignored. What is 100 Women? BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year. We create documentaries, features and interviews about their lives, giving more space for stories that put women at the centre. Follow BBC 100 Women on Instagram and Facebook and join the conversation. | পাকিস্তানে নতুন ইতিহাস সৃষ্টি করেছেন হামিদা শহিদ। কেন? কারণ তিনি পাকিস্তান-আফগানিস্তান সীমান্তবর্তী রক্ষণশীল উপজাতীয় এলাকা দির থেকে পার্লামেন্ট নির্বাচনে প্রার্থী হয়েছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Dr William Eidelman, a natural medicine physician, said small doses of marijuana would help control the child's temper tantrums. The doctor misdiagnosed the child as having bipolar disorder and attention deficit disorder (ADD). The Medical Board of California ruled to revoke the doctor's licence but he has launched an appeal. The board did not seek to revoke the licence because the doctor had prescribed cannabis to a child, which is legal for medicinal purposes in the state of California. Dr Eidelman was investigated due to being "negligent in his care and treatment" - he had failed to consult a psychiatrist in the case or communicate with the school. 'Positive effect' The boy's father consulted Dr Eidelman in September 2012 because his son was misbehaving at school. The doctor recommended small amounts of the drug, which was revealed when the school nurse was asked to give the boy his cannabis cookies at lunchtime. As a child, the boy's father had ADHD and bipolar disorder himself and had a negative experience with prescribed medications at the time, saying he felt like a "human guinea pig". He started using marijuana later in life, saying it helped "calm him" and changed his behaviour towards his wife, towards whom he had previously "exhibited anger". The father had previously obtained the drug for his older son, who had also been diagnosed with ADHD and bipolar disorder. He said marijuana had had a "positive effect" on both his children. Dr Eidelman has appealed against the ruling, made on 4 January, and says he will continue to practise. His lawyers said he had won a suspension of the revocation, pending a future hearing. Medicinal cannabis usage has been legal in California since 1996, and Dr Eidelman estimates that he has recommended the drug to thousands of patients. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ক্যালিফোর্নিয়াতে চার বছরের একটি শিশুকে চিকিৎসার অংশ হিসেবে গাঁজা দিয়ে তৈরি বিস্কুট খাওয়াতে বলেছেন একজন চিকিৎসক। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | It was only in July when Sineenat Wongvajirapakdi was named as "official consort" alongside the new queen - but the palace said she was punished for trying to elevate herself to "the same state as the queen". For some observers her downfall says as much about the direction of Thailand's monarchy as it does about her alleged offences. The new monarch, King Maha Vajiralongkorn, ascended the throne in 2016 when his father died - the country's lese-majeste law forbids any criticism of the monarchy and carries a hefty prison sentence. What is a consort? A consort generally refers to a wife, husband or companion of a reigning monarch - but in this case in Thailand "royal consort" was used as a term for a companion or partner in addition to the king's wife. Sineenat, 34, was the first royal consort in Thailand for almost a century. When she was given the title in July, it made her an official companion - but not a queen - of the king shortly after he married his fourth wife, Queen Suthida. Historically, polygamy and the taking of royal consorts was used by Thailand's royals to assure the allegiance of powerful families across the provinces of the large kingdom. Thai kings throughout the centuries took multiple wives - or consorts. The last time a Thai king took an official consort was in the 1920s and the title has not been used since the country became a constitutional monarchy in 1932. What do we know about Sineenat? Information on her background is sketchy except for biographical information released by the court at the time. "We only know about her past whatever the royal household wanted us to know," explains Pavin Chachavalpongpun, Associate Professor of Southeast Asian Studies at Kyoto University. Born in 1985, she is from northern Thailand and first worked as a nurse. Once in a relationship with the then-crown prince Vajiralongkorn, her life became woven into the royal military and security apparatus. She became a bodyguard, pilot, parachutist and joined the royal guards. Earlier this year, she was appointed a major-general. The array of honours and titles given by the court was topped by her becoming the first Royal Noble Consort in nearly a century in July. Shortly afterwards she was notably pictured posing in a fighter jet when the palace released a series of action images of her along with an official biography. These have now been removed from the official website. What has happened to her now? Sineenat has been stripped of her rank and titles for "misbehaviour and disloyalty against the monarch," according to a detailed official announcement in the royal court's gazette. The statement said she had been "ambitious" and tried to "elevate herself to the same state as the queen". "The royal consort's behaviours were considered disrespectful," showing "disobedience against the king and the queen" and abusing her power to give orders on the king's behalf. The king, the statement said, had learned "she neither was grateful to the title bestowed upon her, nor did she behave appropriately according to her status". Tamara Loos, professor of history and Thai studies at Cornell University, suggests the lack of transparency over what exactly happened is key to understanding it. "In any situation like that you find a system of patronage behind the scenes. Sineenat might have been part of that system of patronage and she might have played it in a way that didn't work well for her," she says, hinting at possible factionalism in the court. She adds that the language of the declaration setting out her demotion is "reminiscent of an era in which women could not have direct political power and so the ways you talked about women with 'influence' was that they were ambitious". For Ms Loos, the statement is in line with what she identifies as the "rise of a modern absolute monarchy in Thailand". What is in store for her? So far, the fallen consort has only been stripped of her titles and it's unclear what more awaits her. "We have no idea what will happen to her," explains Mr Pavin, who adds that the proceedings are unlikely to be transparent. As much as the narrative of her past was controlled by the court, the same will likely be the case for her future. The sudden demotion of Sineenat has echoes of what happened to two of King Vajiralongkorn's former wives. In 1996, he denounced his second wife, Sujarinee Vivacharawongse - who fled to the United States - and disowned four sons he had with her. In 2014, his third wife Srirasmi Suwadee - whose whereabouts are unknown - was stripped of all her titles and banished from court while her parents were arrested and imprisoned for lese-majeste. Their son, who is now 14, has been brought up by him. His previous wives have never issued any statements about their particular circumstances. What more does this tell us? Since coming to power, King Vajiralongkorn has exercised his powers in a more direct way than his father. Earlier this year, the two most important army units in the capital Bangkok were placed directly under his command, showing a concentration of military power in royal hands unprecedented in modern Thailand. "The brutal and blunt language used by the court to denounce Sineenat is how the king wants to legitimise the punishment for her," explains Mr Pavin. Ms Loos agrees the king is sending a message that goes beyond just falling out with his mistress. "The king is sending a signal that he can't be touched and that once you're out of favour with him, you have no control over your destiny. "Each move of his, whether economic, military or familial, reveals his unfettered abuse of power," she adds. Under the country's lese-majeste law, the controversial demotion cannot be discussed publicly in the country - but observers believe this dramatic fall from grace will be uppermost in many people's minds. | নিজের রাজকীয় সঙ্গীর পদ এবং উপাধি বাতিল করে পর্যবেক্ষকদের অবাক করে দিয়েছেন থাইল্যান্ডের রাজা মাহা ভাজিরালংকর্ন। মাত্র কয়েক মাস আগেই তাকে ওই পদ ও উপাধি দেয়া হয়েছিল। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | A cabinet source told the BBC that the document has been agreed at a technical level by officials from both sides after intensive discussions this week. A special cabinet meeting will be held at 14:00 GMT on Wednesday as Theresa May seeks ministers' backing. The PM has been meeting ministers in Downing Street for one-to-one talks on the draft agreement. BBC political editor Laura Kuenssberg said the agreement contained a UK-wide customs "backstop" aimed at preventing new border checks in Northern Ireland. There is no additional Northern Ireland-only backstop - but sources wouldn't be drawn on any specific arrangements for Northern Ireland on rules and regulation within the UK-wide one, she added. This "backstop" has proved to the most contentious part of the withdrawal negotiations, with concerns raised by Brexiteer Tories and the DUP over how it will work. The pound surged against the dollar and the euro following the negotiations breakthrough - but analysts warned it could be short-lived, with the cabinet and Parliament yet to agree to the plans. The EU said it would "take stock" on Wednesday, while the Irish government said negotiations were "ongoing and have not concluded". Leading Brexiteers, such as Boris Johnson and Jacob Rees-Mogg, immediately criticised what has been reported to be in the draft agreement, saying it would keep the UK under EU control. Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party, which gives Theresa May vital support in key votes, said it would be a "very, very hard sell". But Conservative Chief Whip Julian Smith said he was "confident" it would pass when put to a crucial Commons vote, and Transport Secretary Chris Grayling called for "a little bit of calm" before the cabinet gives its verdict on Wednesday. Both the UK and EU hope to be able to schedule a special summit of European leaders at the end of November to sign off the deal. What's been agreed? The details of the draft agreement have not been published, so we don't know the small print yet. But it is made up of a withdrawal agreement - said to run to 500 pages - alongside a statement about what the UK and EU's future relationship will look like. The withdrawal agreement includes how to guarantee there will not be physical border checks reintroduced in Northern Ireland - the major sticking point in recent weeks. Some Brexiteers fear the likely arrangement will keep the UK locked into EU trade rules for years to come in order to maintain a frictionless border. The agreement also includes commitments over citizens' rights after Brexit, a proposed 21-month transition period after the UK's departure on 29 March 2019 and details of the so-called £39bn "divorce bill". The future relationship statement is expected to be far shorter, with the UK and the EU's long-term trade arrangements yet to be settled. No 10 said ministers were now being called to a special meeting to "consider the draft agreement the negotiating teams have reached in Brussels, and to decide on next steps". Before they do so, they will be able to read relevant "documentation". What does the cabinet do now? By BBC political editor Laura Kuenssberg It doesn't seem to me that many of the cabinet are likely to walk on Wednesday over what's in the document. It's suggested that those with bigger doubts are more likely to cause problems for the prime minister because it won't get through Parliament. One source told me senior ministers are thinking not just about the wisdom of backing a deal they don't like because it's a sour compromise, but whether it is folly to back a deal they believe can't get through Parliament. Slamming on the brakes now would force a crisis, but it could be less serious than the political disaster of pursuing this plan to an eventual calamitous defeat that could take them all down. Who doesn't like it? Former foreign secretary Mr Johnson said the plan would see the UK remain in the customs union and "large parts" of the single market. He told the BBC it was "utterly unacceptable to anyone who believes in democracy" and he would vote against it. Mr Rees-Mogg warned of the UK becoming a "vassal state" with Northern Ireland "being ruled from Dublin". Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said "given the shambolic nature of the negotiations, this is unlikely to be the good deal for the country." Pro-EU Conservative MP Justine Greening said the agreement would leave the UK with less influence and undermine its credibility. Speaking at a rally calling for another EU referendum to be held, she said: "Even if some people in my party can't see this is a bad deal, everyone else around this entire planet can." Former Transport Minister Jo Johnson told the audience at a packed Westminster Hall that cabinet ministers were "looking deep into their consciences" about whether to support the deal. Mr Johnson, who quit his ministerial role last week over Brexit policy, added: "The whips are going to tighten the thumbscrews on all our colleagues across Parliament in all parties probably, so it is very hard to predict." The view from the EU BBC Europe editor Katya Adler Brussels is keeping schtum this evening. This doesn't mean that nothing's going on. Those in the know simply prefer to keep quiet at this sensitive stage. It seems what is being described to me as a "mutual understanding" has indeed been reached on a technical level between EU and UK Brexit negotiators. This is not yet a deal. All eyes are now on the UK cabinet. If ministers reject the draft, then it's back to the drawing board. If they approve it, then the 27 EU ambassadors scheduled to meet tomorrow may be told by the European Commission that decisive progress has been made in negotiations, meaning a Brexit summit could be convened with Theresa May, possibly in less than two weeks' time. First though, all 27 EU countries and the European Parliament will want to pore over the text. And that won't be with an uncritical eye. Meanwhile, following pressure from all sides of the Commons, ministers have agreed to provide MPs with a legal assessment of the implications for the UK of the Irish backstop and other controversial aspects of any deal. Cabinet Office minister David Lidington said Attorney General Geoffrey Cox would make a statement to MPs and take questions ahead of the final vote on any Brexit deal. MPs, he said, would get to see "a full reasoned position statement laying out the government's both political and also legal position on the proposed withdrawal agreement". | কয়েক মাসের আলাপ-আলোচনার পর ব্রেক্সিট চুক্তির একটি খসড়ায় সম্মত হয়েছে যুক্তরাজ্য এবং ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | "The war in Yemen must end," President Joe Biden said in his first major foreign policy speech. Under Mr Biden's two predecessors, the US backed a coalition led by Saudi Arabia against Houthi rebels in Yemen. The conflict has left millions of Yemenis on the brink of starvation. Fighting began in 2014 between a weak Yemeni government and the Houthi rebel movement. It escalated a year later, when Saudi Arabia and eight other Arab states - backed by the US, the UK and France - began air strikes against the Houthis. Mr Biden announced other changes to US foreign policy, such as a significant increase in the number of refugees accepted by the US. His speech marks a sharp break with the policies of former President Donald Trump, who left office last month. On Russia, for instance, the new US leader said: "I made it clear to President [Vladimir] Putin, in a manner very different from my predecessor, that the days of the United States rolling over in the face of Russia's aggressive actions… are over." The comments drew fierce criticism from the Kremlin. "This is very aggressive, unconstructive rhetoric, to our regret," Mr Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on Friday. What does the Yemen announcement mean? The US has been backing the Yemeni government and its Saudi-led allies in their war against the Houthis. As a result of Thursday's announcement, the US will stop supporting offensive operations, including the sale of precision-guided munitions to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This will not affect operations against al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. The Biden administration had already put a temporary halt on arms sales to Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Mr Biden is expected to name his new Yemen envoy as Tim Lenderking, an experienced diplomat and Middle East specialist. This marks a change of tack from Mr Trump's administration, which increased support for the Saudi-led coalition. Last month Mr Trump's Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, announced that the Houthis were being designated a "terrorist organisation". He said the aim was to hold the Houthis accountable for cross-border attacks and deter "malign activity" by their backer Iran. Aid organisations criticised the move, warning that it could prevent them from operating in areas where millions are in urgent need of food aid. Last week, the Biden administration said it would exempt certain transactions involving the Houthis from sanctions. That exemption will expire on 26 February. The United Nations says Yemen is the world's worst humanitarian crisis, with 80% of the population in need of aid or protection. These announcements confirm President Biden's pledge to end Yemen's destructive war. Halting US support to the Saudi-led coalition's offensive operations won't close this bloody chapter, but it sends a strong signal to leaders in Riyadh and Abu Dhabi - they've also been trying to find ways to extricate themselves from this quagmire. Achieving peace among Yemen's bitter enemies will be a monumental challenge. Tim Lenderking is set to be the first US envoy for Yemen since this war was unleashed nearly six years ago. He's worked on this file for years and is known to everyone who matters. Western diplomats, as well as Yemenis, have welcomed this new US engagement. In 2015, President Obama gave a green light to the Saudi-led campaign, partly to ease the Kingdom's anger over the Iran nuclear deal. Now new US envoys on Yemen, and Iran, are tasked with ending this war, and the regional rivalries which still fuel it. What else did Biden say? The US will raise the cap on refugee admissions from 15,000 to 125,000 for the fiscal year. The withdrawal of US troops from Germany will be frozen and forces will remain at their current level of about 36,000. Under Mr Trump, the US was going to reduce its presence by 12,000, with about 5,600 to be deployed elsewhere in Europe. Mr Biden called on Myanmar's military rulers to release civilian leader Aung San Suu Kyi and restore democracy. He also promised to engage diplomatically with Russia but to be tougher on Moscow than Mr Trump, saying the US would not "roll over". | ইয়েমেনে চলমান যু্দ্ধে মিত্রদের সমর্থন দেয়া বন্ধ করার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র। ছয় বছর ধরে চলতে থাকা এই যুদ্ধে এখন পর্যন্ত এক লাখ ১০ হাজারের বেশি মানুষ মারা গেছে বলে ধারণা করা হয়। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Sir Kim Darroch's correspondence contained a string of criticisms of Mr Trump and his administration, describing the White House as "clumsy and inept". A formal investigation has been launched by the Foreign Office and in the Commons there have been calls for a police investigation amid widespread anger at the diplomatic fall-out. Three days after the leak, Sir Kim announced he is to resign as British ambassador to the United States. In a letter to the head of the Foreign Office, Sir Simon McDonald, Sir Kim said he believed it was "impossible" for him to carry on in his current role. So what do we know about the row so far, and what are the possible consequences? Was it a leak or a hack? The Foreign Office has repeatedly called the incident a "leak" rather than a "hack". It originally described the incident as "mischievous" but launched a formal inquiry on Sunday. Foreign Office minister Sir Alan Duncan dismissed the idea that the disclosure was part of a conspiracy or "Brexit plan" and called it "a despicable leak," adding that "the first premise is that it is a leak from within". A Whitehall source told The Times: "The involvement of hostile state actors has not been ruled out" - but Downing Street said there is no evidence to suggest the involvement of foreign powers. How many people had access to the emails? Asked if ministers, MPs and special advisors would be investigated, the Foreign Office said that it will be for the inquiry to decide who is looked at. On the question of how many people within government would typically see cables from an ambassador, Sir Alan said that although he was guessing, it could be around 100 people depending on classification. An ex-British ambassador to the US and a close friend of Sir Kim's said there was a "possible range of villains" who potentially could have released the emails. Sir Christopher Meyer told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "It was clearly somebody who set out deliberately to sabotage Sir Kim's ambassadorship, to make his position untenable and to have him replaced by somebody more congenial to the leaker." How do you investigate a leak? In the Commons, there have been calls for the police to investigate amid widespread anger at the diplomatic fall-out. Tom Tugendhat, chairman of the Commons foreign affairs committee, told MPs he had written to Metropolitan Police Commissioner Cressida Dick to "ask that a criminal investigation also be opened". Sir Alan said police could become involved if evidence of wrongdoing over the leak is found, telling the Commons: "If evidence of criminality is found, then yes, the police could be involved." In April, following the Huawei leak, Lord O'Donnell, the former head of the Civil Service, revealed that officials in this type of situation may decide to investigate the mobile phone and e-mail records of people with access to the information to try to find who was responsible. What are the penalties? The person or people who leaked the emails to the Mail on Sunday could potentially be liable for prosecution under the Official Secrets Act. Prosecutions under the legislation are rare but not unheard of. The maximum punishment for leaking documents is two years in prison or an unlimited fine. | ওয়াশিংটনে নিযুক্ত ব্রিটিশ রাষ্ট্রদূতের গোপনীয় বেশ কিছু ইমেইল ফাঁস হয়েছে, যেসব ইমেইলে তিনি মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের বেশ সমালোচনা করেছিলেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | A male member of the Kim family has been in charge of North Korea ever since its founding by Kim Il-sung in 1948 - and the mythology of this family runs deep throughout society. Propaganda about its greatness begins for citizens before they can even read: pre-schoolers sing a song called: "I want to see our leader Kim Jong-un." So how can you imagine a North Korea without this symbolic and political figure at the top? How would elites organise themselves, as well as society as a whole? The easy answer is: we don't know. More interestingly, they don't know either. They have never had to do it. There has always been a Kim... As Kim Jong-un was being prepared for power, they even began using the term "Paektu Bloodline" to help legitimise his rule. Paektu is the sacred and mythologised mountain where Kim Il-sung is said to have waged guerrilla war and where Kim Jong-il was reportedly born. Kim Jong-un still goes there when he wants to emphasise important policy decisions. There has always been a Kim at the ideological heart of the country. What would North Korea be like without such an heir? Kim Jong-un, 36, is believed to have children - but they are far too young. It is thought he has three children, the oldest being 10 and the youngest three. Kim Jong-un himself was considered young when he took power - he was 27. It is likely that some sort of group leadership would emerge, perhaps as in Vietnam, that leans heavily on the founder's teachings and legitimacy to boost their own standing. Observers can track who holds certain key positions and can follow news and open-source intelligence about important institutions, but can't really tell how factions are developing, nor who is holding power through personal rather than institutional bonds. Moreover, sometimes vice or deputy directors wield more real power than the titular heads of institutions. This makes all predictions extremely difficult. The three remaining Kims There are three Kims who could potentially be involved in the political make-up of North Korea if Kim Jong-un were to disappear. They all face limitations in carrying on family rule. The first is Kim Yo-jong, Kim Jong-un's younger sister. She is said to have been a favourite of her father who commented on her precocity, her interest in politics from a young age. Her manner is efficient, mild and one suspects rather observant. Much has been made of her closeness to her brother. At the Singapore Trump-Kim summit she was famously on hand to pass him a pen to sign the agreement with, and at the next summit in Hanoi, was pictured peeking out from behind corners as her brother posed for statesman-like photos. Yet she was not above a temporary demotion after the Hanoi summit - purportedly because of its failure although this will never be confirmed. She doesn't sit on the top policy-making body, the State Affairs Commission, but is an alternate member of the Politburo and vice director of the Propaganda and Agitation Department (PAD) of the Workers' Party of Korea. These may seem like incomprehensible acronyms but the PAD is a powerful organisation that ensures ideological loyalty in the system. She is a woman, however, and this makes it hard to imagine her occupying the top position in such a deeply patriarchal country. North Korea is an extremely male state, in which gender carries rigid expectations. Being supreme leader, and certainly running the military, does not fit in the range of womanly duties. The second is Kim Jong-chul. He is Kim Jong-un's older brother, but has never appeared interested in politics or power. (He is known to be interested in Eric Clapton.) At most, he could be a symbolic link to the Kim family: perhaps made the head of a foundation and put forward to read the odd speech. The final one is Kim Pyong-il, Kim Jong-il's half-brother. His mother - Kim Jong-il's stepmother - was angling to have him become Kim Il-sung's successor. She failed and was sidelined by Kim Jong-il as he rose in influence. Kim Pyong-il was sent to Europe in 1979, where he has held various ambassadorships, returning to North Korea only last year. This means it is very unlikely he has the network to be a central player in elite politics in Pyongyang. The second-most powerful man in North Korea right now There are other individuals who have been central in the Kim Jong-un era, but it is difficult to know who among them would form co-operative relationships and who would compete with one another. One is Choe Ryong-hae. He has had his ups and downs under Kim Jong-un, but having weathered a few storms currently sits on the presidium of the politburo and is also first vice chairman of the State Affairs Commission. Last year he became the first new president in 20 years, replacing the aging Kim Yong-nam - so he is the person who represents the North at international engagements. Choe has also held high positions in the military and the Organization and Guidance Department (OGD) of the Worker's Party of Korea, responsible for enforcing loyalty throughout the regime. This is an extremely powerful organisation: it enforces the adherence of all citizens to North Korea's ideology. He is probably the second most powerful man in North Korea. The old spymasters and rising political grandees Another is Kim Yong-chol. This general paved the way for the Trump-Kim summits, meeting US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo several times. He has been head of the United Front Department (responsible for relations with South Korea) and the Reconnaissance General Bureau, the country's main intelligence service. He seems to have suffered a demotion following the collapse talks with the United States, but it is unlikely this spymaster will remain obscure for long. Yet another is Kim Jae-ryong. As well as being on the State Affairs Commission, he is Premier of the Cabinet, a moderately influential position. Relatively little is known about him, but his star has risen in the past years as others have fallen. He is known for managing industries and ran the most isolated province, home to key military-industrial sites, for several years. This may mean he has been closely involved in the nuclear program. Jong Kyong-taek is responsible for the State Security Department, which investigates and punishes political crimes. It also helps physically protect the leadership. These are crucial responsibilities that help enforce stability in the system. Hwang Pyong-so is another official who has held top military posts and has run the OGD in the Kim Jong-un era. Like Choe (and many others) he has been disciplined; he doesn't seem to have been rehabilitated in the same way, however. Other 2010s foreign policy stalwarts Ri Yong-ho and Ri Su-yong have also seen roles diminish recently. They have been replaced by Ri Son-gwon and Kim Hyung-jun. The former is said to be an ally of Kim Yong-chol. The military enforcers A handful of top generals of the Korean People's Army (KPA) would also certainly exert influence in any transition period. Currently, two men sit atop the General Political Bureau of the KPA, Kim Su-gil and Kim Won-hong. This bureau enforces political loyalty in the military, something that would be absolutely crucial during periods of uncertainty. Kim Won-hong, helps illustrate how difficult it is to predict how power would be shared if Kim Jong-un were no longer there. Kim Won-hong and Hwang Pyong-so had been thought to be rivals, competing to influence Kim Jong-un at the other's expense. Amongst top elites, who would clash and who would ally? Would there be pro and anti-Kim Yo-jong factions? Would the fear of instability stop rivalries from getting out of hand? After all, it is in no elite politician's interest to see the state collapse, opening the door for some kind of takeover by South Korea, or even China. There is currently no perfect contender: his sister would have to overcome the sexism and the break from tradition of a male heir. Anybody else is not directly descended from that all-important Paektu bloodline. but in the end, they will all have to think of the unity of the state they have defied every international norm to preserve. | উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং-আনের স্বাস্থ্য নিয়ে গত ক’দিন ধরে নানা গুজব এবং জল্পনা-কল্পনা শোনা যাচ্ছে। শেষ পর্যন্ত হয়তো দেখা যাবে কিছুই ঘটেনি। কিন্তু তার অনুপস্থিতিতে স্বল্প অথবা দীর্ঘমেয়াদে উত্তর কোরিয়ার রাষ্ট্রক্ষমতায় তার উত্তরসূরী কে হবেন সেই প্রশ্ন থেমে নেই। বিশ্লেষকদের সঙ্গে কথা বলে বিবিসি জানার চেষ্টা করেছে কে হতে পারেন কিম জং-আনের সম্ভাব্য উত্তরসুরী। ইতিহাস কি এবারও ৭০ বছরেরর বেশি সময় ধরে ক্ষমতায় থাকা এই পরিবারের পক্ষে থাকবে? |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | A second MP was reportedly among those to have died in Iran, where health officials fear the number of cases may actually be much higher. Europe's worst hit-country Italy also reported a steep rise in cases. Leading Italian politician Nicola Zingaretti said on Saturday he had tested positive for the virus. "I am fine but I will have to stay home for the next few days", the leader of Italy's centre-left Democratic Party (PD) said in a Facebook post. The death toll in Italy has passed 230, with officials reporting more than 50 deaths in 24 hours. The number of confirmed cases jumped by more than 1,200 to 5,883 on Saturday. Italy is expected to announce new measures to stop the spread of the disease, including a possible ban on people entering or leaving the region of Lombardy and 11 other provinces for non-urgent reasons, according to media reports. The country has said it will start recruiting retired doctors in an effort to combat the escalating outbreak. There have so far been nearly 3,500 coronavirus deaths recorded worldwide. The majority have been in China, where the virus originated in December. The head of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, has called the spread of the virus "deeply concerning" and urged all countries to make containment "their highest priority". In other developments: What's the latest on cases? In Iran, 21 people are reported to have died as a result of coronavirus in the past day. A spokesman for Iran's health ministry, Kianoush Jahanpour, said in a televised news conference on Saturday that more than 16,000 people were currently being tested in the country. He added that 1,669 people with the illness had recovered. The WHO's representative in Iran, Dr Christoph Hamelmann, said Iran was making tremendous progress at its hospitals, with facilities made available for treatment in every province. Among other countries to report a rise in the total number of cases are: France (to 949); Germany (795); Spain (441); the UK (206); the Netherlands (188). More than 80,000 people have been infected with coronavirus in China since its emergence in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province. Globally the number of infections stands at more than 100,000. You might be interested in watching: Have you or someone you know been affected by coronavirus? Share your experiences by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways: | করোনাভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত হয়ে নিহতের সংখ্যা ১০৬ জন বলে নিশ্চিত করেছে চীনা কর্তৃপক্ষ। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Official results showed Mr Rajapaksa, 70, took 52.25% of the vote. His rival Sajith Premadasa had already conceded. Mr Rajapaksa was the clear victor in Sinhalese majority areas while Mr Premadasa scored better in the Tamil-dominated north. The election is Sri Lanka's first since the deadly Easter Sunday attacks. Militants linked to the Islamic State group targeted churches and high-end hotels across the island in April, killing more than 250 people. As a result, national security was seen as a dominant issue ahead of the vote. Mr Rajapaksa, who has positioned himself as a strong figure who can assure Sri Lankans' security, is a highly controversial figure among the country's more than two million Tamils. He and his brother Mahinda Rajapaksa, the former president, spearheaded the defeat of separatist Tamil Tiger rebels in 2009, ending a decades-long war in which at least 100,000 people died. Several journalists who were critics of the government when the Rajapaksas led Sri Lanka from 2005-2015 were abducted, tortured and killed. Thousands of people, particularly Tamils, vanished in what have been described as enforced disappearances. Earlier this year, Gotabaya Rajapaksa told the BBC that war crimes allegations against him were "baseless" Votes appeared to be starkly divided between the Sinhala Buddhist majority and minority Tamil, Hindu and Muslim groups, raising fears about the future of reconciliation in a country that remains heavily polarised along ethnic and religious lines a decade after the end of the bitter war. After his election win, Mr Rajapaksa made a call for unity in the country. "It is my duty to serve all Sri Lankans without racial or religious discrimination," he said. "I promise to discharge my duties in a fair manner." Human rights groups expressed concern about accountability for wartime abuses - which were committed by both sides - given the election of a man so closely associated with the end of the conflict. Mr Premadasa, who took 42% of the vote, publicly conceded when partial results showed Mr Rajapaksa was certain to emerge the winner. "It is my privilege to honour the decision of the people and congratulate Mr Gotabaya Rajapaksa on his election as the seventh president of Sri Lanka," Mr Premadasa said. Turnout was 83.7%, the election commission said. Mr Rajapaksa is due to be sworn in at a ceremony on Monday. Unity and reconciliation will not be easy By Jill McGivering, BBC News, Sri Lanka Gotabaya Rajapaksa commands passionate support among many in the Buddhist Sinhalese majority in Sri Lanka. He and Mahinda, who was president here for 10 years, are credited with bringing an end to the country's long civil war. "I think it's a turning point in the history of Sri Lanka," said a Rajapaksa supporter, lawyer Janaka Arunashantha. "With economy and national security, I think the country will improve in every way in the next five years. We're very hopeful with him." Sri Lanka is still in shock, seven months after the bomb attacks by a cell of Islamist militants which devastated the island's economy, blew apart the island's fragile communal relations and was the final blow to public confidence in a government already tarnished by infighting. But the news will be greeted with quiet dismay by many in the minority communities who voted overwhelmingly not for Mr Rajapaksa but his rival, Sajith Premadasa. They see him as a more liberal, inclusive choice. Unifying the different communities - and pursuing post-war reconciliation - will be a daunting task. Read more from Jill The Easter Sunday attacks cast a long shadow over the election. The government was forced to admit it had suffered a "major intelligence lapse" after failing to adequately share information from Indian intelligence officials about a potential attack. But since the attacks, Muslims - who make up nearly 10% of Sri Lanka's 22 million people - say they have faced a more overt campaign of hate against them, fuelled by hardline Buddhist groups. Muslim shop owners say they have been boycotted and there have been outbreaks of mob violence. More about Sri Lanka and the Easter Sunday bombings A total of 35 candidates stood in the presidential election, the third since the end of the civil war. The country's incumbent president, Maithripala Sirisena, was not on the ballot. He decided against running after coming under criticism following the Easter Sunday bombings. Ruling party candidate Mr Premadasa focused on social issues as well as security - campaigning on a promise to eradicate poverty and improve housing. He is the son of a president who was assassinated by Tamil Tiger rebels in 1993 and is the current housing minister. The previous Rajapaksa era was marked by close ties between Sri Lanka and China, with the latter investing billions in infrastructure and development on the island. However the island's ballooning debt to Beijing worried many Sri Lankans. Regional powers including India expressed concern about the extent of Chinese influence in the country. Gotabaya Rajapaksa said he planned to "restore relations" with China, if he won the election. Mr Premadasa, meanwhile, was seen as leaning more towards India and the US. | শ্রীলংকার প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচনে সাবেক প্রতিরক্ষামন্ত্রী গোটাবায়া রাজাপাকসে বিজয়ী হয়েছেন। মি. রাজাপাকসে - যিনি দেশটির সাবেক প্রেসিডেন্ট মহিন্দা রাজাপাকসের ভাই - তিনি ৫২ শতাংশের বেশি ভোট পান। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Guzmán, 61, was convicted on numerous counts including the distribution of cocaine and heroin, illegal firearms possession and money laundering. He has yet to be sentenced, but the verdict could mean life in jail. Guzmán was arrested in January 2016 after escaping from a Mexican prison through a tunnel five months earlier. He was extradited to the US in 2017. The Mexican was accused of being behind the all-powerful Sinaloa drug cartel, which prosecutors say was the biggest supplier of drugs to the US. What happened in court? Tuesday's unanimous verdict by a jury in Brooklyn, which was read out in a packed courtroom, followed an 11-week trial. Guzmán, wearing a dark suit jacket and tie, showed no visible sign of emotion as the verdict was announced, CBS News reported. As he was escorted from the courtroom, Guzmán shook the hands of his lawyers before exchanging glances with his wife, Emma Coronel, a 29-year-old former beauty queen, and giving her the thumbs up. Judge Brian Cogan, who presided over the trial, thanked the jurors for their dedication at what he described as a complex trial, saying it was "remarkable and it made me very proud to be an American". Guzmán's lawyers said they planned to launch an appeal. Who is El Chapo? "El Chapo" (or "Shorty") ran the Sinaloa cartel in northern Mexico. Over time, it became one of the biggest traffickers of drugs to the US. In 2009, Guzmán entered Forbes' list of the world's richest men at number 701, with an estimated worth of $1bn (£775m). He was accused of having helped export hundreds of tonnes of cocaine into the US and of conspiring to manufacture and distribute heroin, methamphetamine and marijuana. He was also said to have used hitmen to carry out "hundreds" of murders, assaults, kidnappings and acts of torture on rivals. Key associates, including one former lieutenant, testified against Guzmán. What was heard during the trial? It provided shocking revelations about the Mexican drug lord's life. Court papers accused him of having girls as young as 13 drugged before raping them. Guzmán "called the youngest of the girls his 'vitamins' because he believed that sexual activity with young girls gave him 'life'", a former associate, Colombian drug trafficker Alex Cifuentes, was quoted as saying. During the trial Cifuentes also alleged that Guzmán gave a $100m (£77m) bribe to former Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, who is said to have contacted him after taking office in 2012 and asked for $250m in return for ending a manhunt for him. Mr Peña Nieto has not publicly commented. Another witness described seeing Guzmán murder at least three men. Former bodyguard Isaias Valdez Rios said Guzmán beat two people who had joined a rival cartel until they were "completely like rag dolls". He then shot them in the head and ordered their bodies be thrown on a fire. In another incident, he had a member of the rival Arellano Felix cartel burned and imprisoned before taking him to a graveyard, shooting him and having him buried alive. Guzmán is also alleged to have had his own cousin killed for lying about being out of town, and ordered a hit on the brother of another cartel leader because he did not shake his hand. When asked by a former cartel lieutenant why he killed people, he is alleged to have said: "Either your mom's going to cry or their mom's going to cry." The court heard details of his 2015 escape from Mexico's maximum-security Altiplano prison. His sons bought a property near the prison and a GPS watch smuggled into the prison gave diggers his exact location. At one point Guzmán complained that he could hear the digging from his cell. He escaped by riding a specially adapted small motorcycle through the tunnel. He also used software on his phone to spy on his wife and mistresses, which allowed the FBI to present his text messages in court. In one set of texts, he recounted to his wife how he had fled a villa during a raid by US and Mexican officials, before asking her to bring him new clothes, shoes and black moustache dye. Why was this trial significant? Guzmán is the highest profile Mexican drug cartel boss so far to stand trial in the US. The drug war in Mexico - pitting the Mexican and US authorities against cartels smuggling drugs into the US and the cartels against each other - has killed about 100,000 people over more than a decade. Guzmán achieved notoriety for twice escaping custody in Mexico as well as avoiding arrest on numerous other occasions. Among some in his home state, he had the status of a folk hero, a popular subject of "narcocorridos" - musical tributes to drugs barons. In 2016, he gave an interview to Hollywood actor Sean Penn in a Mexican jungle following his escape the previous year and boasted that he was the world's leading supplier of heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine and marijuana. He was later recaptured in the north-western town of Los Mochis. During the raid he fled through a drain but was later caught by troops in a shootout. The US indictment against him was a consolidation of charges from six federal jurisdictions across the country, including New York, Chicago and Miami. Prosecutors pooled together evidence acquired over more than a decade, including from international partners such as Mexico and Colombia, to build their sweeping case. The trial jurors were anonymous and were escorted to and from the courthouse in Brooklyn by armed marshals after prosecutors argued that Guzmán had a history of intimidating witnesses and even ordering their murders. | নিউ ইয়র্কের একটি আদালত মেক্সিকোর মাদক সম্রাট জোয়াকিন 'এল চাপো' গুজমানের বিরুদ্ধে আনা ১০টি অভিযোগেই তাকে দোষী সাব্যস্ত করেছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Mr Khan, a former cricketer who became leader eight months ago, said the nuclear-armed neighbours could only settle their differences with dialogue. The comments come as India prepares to vote in a general election, weeks after an upsurge of violence in Kashmir. A suicide attack against Indian forces triggered cross-border air strikes. Asked what message he wanted to send to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his country, Mr Khan told the BBC's John Simpson that the Kashmir issue "has to be settled" and "cannot keep boiling like it is". "The number-one tasks of the two governments is how are we going to reduce poverty and the way we reduce poverty is by settling our differences through dialogue and there is only one difference - which is Kashmir," he said. India's prime minister has used anti-Pakistan rhetoric and stressed national-security themes during his re-election campaign. Many see the election as a referendum on the polarising politics of his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Voting will open on Thursday and continue into May. 'Irresponsible' Mr Khan also spoke about the dangers of confrontation between the two neighbours. "Once you respond, no-one can predict where it can go from there," he said. If India had "come back and then again attacked Pakistan, Pakistan would have no choice but to respond," he added. "So in that situation, two nuclear-armed countries, I just felt it was very irresponsible." 'Hand of friendship' on election eve Analysis by the BBC's world affairs editor John Simpson Imran Khan has given very few interviews during his eight months in power. So when the BBC and a small group of British and American news organisations were invited to meet him, it was because he wanted to send a message to India on the eve of its general election. He was offering the hand of friendship: let's work together to solve our common problems. The fact is, Imran Khan needs to lighten the atmosphere. Pakistan's economy is in a bad way. Foreign investors are put off by the angry relationship with India, and by claims that Pakistan is allowing militant Islamic groups to operate from its territory - this he strongly denied. No previous Pakistani government had done more to clamp down on terrorist groups, he maintained. For him, everything depends on a solution to the Kashmir problem. If India and Pakistan can find that, he said, everything else could be sorted out easily. Why is there tension over Kashmir? Both India and Pakistan claim all of Muslim-majority Kashmir, but control only parts of it. The neighbours have fought two wars and a limited conflict over the Muslim-majority territory. In 2003 the two parties agreed a ceasefire along the province's de-facto border, known as the Line of Control (LoC), but internal unrest has continued. Many who live in India-administered Kashmir resent Indian rule, and Delhi has long accused Pakistan of backing separatist militants there. High unemployment and complaints of human rights abuses by security forces have also aggravated internal tensions and fuelled insurgency. What caused relations to flare this year? Pakistan-based militants killed 40 Indian troops in a suicide attack in Pulwama, in Indian-administered Kashmir, in February. It was the deadliest attack of its kind in decades and India said the Pakistani state had a hand in the attack. India responded with air strikes against what it said was a militant training camp in Pakistani territory. Pakistan then shot down an Indian jet on the Pakistan-administered side of Kashmir. The pilot from that plane was captured alive, but was safely returned to India in what Mr Khan called a "peace gesture". Tensions appeared to have eased since then, but earlier this week Pakistan's foreign minister accused India of planning a fresh military attack. India has dismissed the claims as a "public gimmick" aimed at "whipping up war hysteria in the region". What else did Mr Khan say? Mr Khan also spoke to the Reuters news agency on Tuesday. During that interview, he suggested there could be a better chance of peace if Mr Modi were re-elected. "Perhaps if the BJP - a right-wing party - wins, some kind of settlement in Kashmir could be reached," he said, while suggesting other parties may fear a backlash from the right over any negotiations. During his BBC interview Mr Khan also touched on the case of Asia Bibi - a high-profile blasphemy case involving a Christian woman. Pakistan's Supreme Court upheld its decision to overturn her conviction and death sentence in January, but she is yet to leave Pakistan. Mr Khan told the BBC that she would be departing the country "very soon" "There is a little bit of a complication. And I can't speak on the media about [it]," he said. "But I can assure you she is safe and she will be leaving in weeks." | পাকিস্তানের প্রধানমন্ত্রী ইমরান খান বলছেন, তিনি কাশ্মীর সমস্যা নিয়ে ভারতের সাথে সংলাপ চান, এবং কাশ্মীর প্রশ্নে ভারতের সাথে শান্তি প্রতিষ্ঠিত হলে এ অঞ্চলের জন্য তা হবে এক দারুণ ব্যাপার। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Jasmine Taylor-ColemanBBC News It has been referred to as the coronavirus. But that is the name of the group of viruses it belongs to. It has also been given the temporary title 2019-nCoV. But just saying that is a mouthful. A group of scientists has been grappling behind closed doors to find a proper term. Now they have told the BBC they are close to announcing it. So why has it taken so long? "The naming of a new virus is often quite delayed and the focus until now has been on the public health response, which is understandable," says Crystal Watson, senior scholar and assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. "But there are reasons the naming should be a priority." To try to distinguish this particular virus, scientists have been calling it the novel or new coronavirus. Coronaviruses are named for their crown-like spikes when viewed through a microscope. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the temporary name 2019-nCoV, which includes the year it was discovered, "n" to denote new or novel, and "CoV" for coronavirus. But it has not exactly stuck. "The name it has now is not easy to use and the media and the public are using other names for the virus," says Dr Watson. "The danger when you don't have an official name is that people start using terms like China Virus, and that can create a backlash against certain populations." With social media, unofficial names take hold quickly and are hard to take back, she says. The urgent task of formally naming the virus is the responsibility of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Previous outbreaks provide cautionary tales for the team. The H1N1 virus in 2009 was dubbed "swine flu". This led Egypt to slaughter all of its pigs, even though it was spread by people, not pigs. Official names can also prove problematic. The WHO criticised the name Mers (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in 2015. "We've seen certain disease names provoke a backlash against members of particular religious or ethnic communities, create unjustified barriers to travel, commerce and trade, and trigger needless slaughtering of food animals," it said in a statement. As a result, it issued guidelines. According to these, the name for the new coronavirus should not include: It says the name should be short and descriptive - such as Sars (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). But for the name to stick it also needs a hook, says Benjamin Neuman, a professor of virology who, along with 10 other people, sits on the ICTV study group that has been deliberating the new name. "It has to roll off the tongue a little faster than the other names out there." The team began discussing a name about two weeks ago and took two days to settle on one, says Prof Neuman, who is chair of Biological Sciences at Texas A&M University-Texarkana in the US. They are now submitting the name to a scientific journal for publication and hope to announce it within days. As well as helping the public understand the virus, the ICTV hopes it will allow researchers to focus on fighting it by saving time and confusion. "We will find out in the future whether we got it right," says Prof Neuman. "For someone like me, helping to name an important virus may ultimately end up being longer-lasting and more helpful than a career's worth of work. It's a big responsibility." | হাজার হাজার মানুষকে আক্রান্ত করেছে এটি, বন্ধ হয়েছে সীমান্ত আর এর কারণেই চীনের একাংশ হয়ে পড়েছে অচল। কিন্তু যে ভাইরাসটির কারণে এ ধরণের মহামারির মতো পরিস্থিতি তৈরি হয়েছে সেটির এখনো কোন যথাযথ নাম নেই। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent "It was like [being the] first man on the Moon," said 30-year-old Thibault. He was describing the moment he was able to take his first steps since being paralysed in a fall two years ago. He can now move all four of his paralysed limbs with a mind-controlled exoskeleton suit. His movements, particularly walking, are far from perfect and the robo-suit is being used only in the lab. But researchers say the approach could one day improve patients' quality of life. Meanwhile, nerves inside paralysed people's bodies have been "rewired" to give movement to their arms and hands. Patients in Australia can now feed themselves, put on make-up, turn a key, handle money and type at a computer. A unique drug made for just one girl with unprecedented speed Mila Makovec's doctors have performed a seemingly impossible feat - a girl with a deadly brain disease has been given a unique drug that was invented from scratch just for her and all in less than a year. She was diagnosed with fatal and untreatable Batten disease. The eight-year-old's medical team in Boston performed whole-genome sequencing - a detailed interrogation - on Mila's DNA, her genetic code, and uncovered a unique mutation that was causing her disease. Having seen the fault, the researchers thought it might be possible to treat it. They designed a drug, tested it on Mila's cells and on animals in the laboratory and won approval to use it from the US Food and Drug Administration. Drugs normally take about a decade and a half to get from the laboratory, go through clinical trials and get to patients. The US team got there in a year. Mila is now having far fewer seizures, although she is not cured. Gene-silencing drugs arrive A new class of medicine - called gene silencing - has shown its ability to reverse previously untreatable diseases. A gene is part of our DNA that contains the blueprint for making proteins, such as hormones, enzymes or raw building materials. But our DNA is locked away inside a cell's nucleus and kept apart from a cell's protein-making factories. So our bodies use a short strand of genetic code, called messenger RNA, to bridge the gap and carry the instructions. Gene-silencing drugs kill the messenger. Sue Burrell no longer has bouts of severe pain caused by her acute intermittent porphyria. And Vincent and Neil Nicholas are both taking gene silencing medicines for a disease called amyloidosis. Viruses to the rescue Isabelle Carnell Holdaway's life was saved by an experimental cocktail of viruses. The teenager's body was being attacked by deadly and seemingly untreatable bacteria and she was given less than a 1% chance of survival. She had big, black, festering lesions forming on her skin where the infection was taking hold. And she ended up in intensive care when her liver started failing, with large colonies of bacteria forming in her body. But doctors at Great Ormond Street Hospital attempted an untested "phage therapy", which uses viruses to infect and kill bacteria. Phage-therapy never became mainstream medicine and the field was eclipsed by the discovery of antibiotics, which are much easier to use. But now phage-therapy is having a resurgence due to the rise of superbugs that are resistant to antibiotics. Isabelle's case could be the first of many. A new approach to cancer Charlotte Stevenson, a two-year-old from Belfast, was one of the first patients to benefit from a "revolutionary" new class of cancer drugs. Tumour-agnostic drugs do not care where the cancer is growing in the body as long as it has a specific genetic abnormality inside. The first, called larotrectinib, has been approved for use across Europe. It is designed to target tumours with a genetic abnormality known as an NTRK gene fusion. They can be found in Charlotte's sarcoma as well as some brain, kidney, thyroid and other cancers. Meanwhile... Cancer immunotherapy has reached a huge milestone. The medicine uses a patient's own immune system to fight cancer and is a story we have followed closely. Now more than half of patients are surviving a deadly skin cancer (melanoma) that was considered untreatable just a decade ago. Ten years ago just one in 20 patients would live for five years after being diagnosed with late-stage melanoma. Most would die in months. It has been an extraordinary and rapid transformation in care. A first drug to slow dementia? A US pharmaceutical company says it has developed the first drug to slow Alzheimer's disease. The drug, called aducanumab, is an antibody that clears toxic proteins that build up in the brain. The announcement in October was a massive surprise, as the firm Biogen had written off the drug in only March this year. Then it reviewed the evidence to show that those taking the highest dose did benefit and retained more memory and language ability and were better at day-to-day tasks such as cleaning, shopping and doing laundry. If the drug is approved, which is not guaranteed, it would be one of the most significant moments in modern medicine. A new type of dementia Meanwhile, experts think they have found a new form of dementia and millions may have been wrongly diagnosed. Dementia is a symptom found in many diseases of the brain and memory loss is the most common feature. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and others include vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, fronto-temporal dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Now "limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy" or more simply "Late" has been added to the list. Separating twins One of our most followed stories of the year was the separation of two conjoined twins. Safa and Marwa were born joined at the skull and they had never been able to see each other's faces. There are no official figures for how often this happens, but one estimate says craniopagus conjoined twins are born once in every 2.5 million births. Most do not live longer than a day. To separate them required multiple surgeries, months of hard work and the expertise of hundreds of hospital workers. Pig brains partially revived four hours after death The line between life and death became fuzzy in 2019. Pig brains were partially revived four hours after the animals were slaughtered. The study showed the death of brain cells could be halted and that some connections in the brain were restored. The feat was performed by rhythmically pumping a synthetic blood around the decapitated brains. The surprise findings challenge the idea that the brain goes into irreversible decline within minutes of the blood supply being cut off and could lead to new treatments for brain damage and disorders. However, there were no signals from the brain that would indicate awareness or consciousness. A new tool to manipulate DNA A new way of editing the code of life could correct 89% of the errors in DNA that cause disease. The technology, called prime editing, has been described as a "genetic word processor" able to accurately re-write the genetic code. It is a bit like pressing Ctrl-F to find the bit of text you want to change, then pressing Ctrl-C and Ctrl-V to copy over the new text (or the command key if you're a Mac user). There are some 75,000 different mutations that can cause disease in people and the researchers say prime editing can fix nearly nine in 10 of them. It has already been used to correct damaging mutations in the lab, including those that cause sickle cell anaemia and Tay-Sachs disease (a rare and fatal nerve condition). Giving people a voice again Scientists have developed a brain implant that can read people's minds and turn their thoughts to speech. First an electrode is implanted in the brain to pick up the electrical signals that manoeuvre the lips, tongue, voice box and jaw. Then powerful computing is used to simulate how the movements in the mouth and throat would form different sounds. This results in synthesised speech coming out of a "virtual vocal tract". It is not perfect. If you listen to this recording of synthesised speech: You can tell it is not crystal clear (the recording says "the proof you are seeking is not available in books"). The team at the University of California, San Francisco says the technology could help people when disease robs them of their ability to talk. E cigarettes do help smokers quit Vaping has been under intense scrutiny this year. More than 2,400 people have needed hospital treatment, and there have been 50 deaths, in the US from "e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury". Meanwhile, a teenage boy nearly died after vaping caused a catastrophic reaction in his lungs. But experts have continued to stress vaping is safer than smoking tobacco and this year came proof that vaping helps smokers quit. A trial, in the New England Journal of Medicine, found 18% of smokers who used them to quit remained smoke-free after a year, compared with 9.9% of those using traditional nicotine-replacements. Other things that caught our eye: * Researchers have produced unprecedented images of a baby's heart while it is still inside the womb. * Measles has a devastating impact on the body's immune system that could make it harder to fight infections for years. * The origins of the eating disorder anorexia nervosa are in both the mind and the body, with changes hardwired into some people's DNA altering the way they processed fats and sugars. * The ultimate limit of human endurance has been worked out by scientists analysing a 3,000-mile run, the Tour de France and other elite events. * A diet rich in bananas, chickpeas and peanuts can boost good gut bacteria to help malnourished children grow. * People keep making new brain cells throughout their lives (well at least until the age of 97), according to a study on human brains. * A "pumping" patch containing millions of living, beating stem cells could help repair the damage caused by a heart attack. * A fungus - genetically enhanced to produce spider toxin - can rapidly kill huge numbers of the mosquitoes that spread malaria. * Supercooling human livers to -4C triples the time they can be kept before transplant compared with putting them on ice. * It may not come as a surprise, but the food we eat is putting 11 million of us into an early grave each year. * Scientists have taken cancer apart piece by piece to reveal its weaknesses, and come up with new ideas for treatment. * Nearly everyone can lower their risk of dementia by up to a third, even if it runs in the family, by living a healthy lifestyle. Follow James on Twitter. | নিরাময় অযোগ্য অসুখের চিকিৎসা পদ্ধতি আবিষ্কার থেকে শুরু করে প্যারালাইসিস সারানোর উপায় বের করা এবং মৃত্যুর পরেও মস্তিষ্ককে বাঁচিয়ে রাখার রাস্তা খুঁজে পাওয়ার মত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ঘটনা রয়েছে এ বছর। |