instruction
stringclasses 5
values | input
stringlengths 328
21.5k
| output
stringlengths 44
521
|
|---|---|---|
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Volunteer rescue force the White Helmets tweeted graphic images showing several bodies in basements. It said the deaths were likely to rise. There has been no independent verification of the reports. Syria has called the allegations of a chemical attack a "fabrication" - as has its main ally, Russia. The US state department said Russia - with its "unwavering support" for Syria's government - "ultimately bears responsibility" for the alleged attacks. What do we know about the attack? Several medical, monitoring and activist groups reported details of a chemical attack. "Seventy people suffocated to death and hundreds are still suffocating," said Raed al-Saleh, head of the White Helmets. An earlier, now deleted tweet, put the number dead at more than 150. The pro-opposition Ghouta Media Center tweeted that more than 75 people had "suffocated", while a further 1,000 people had suffered the effects of the alleged attack. It blamed a barrel bomb allegedly dropped by a helicopter which it said contained Sarin, a toxic nerve agent. The Union of Medical Relief Organizations, a US-based charity that works with Syrian hospitals, told the BBC the Damascus Rural Specialty Hospital had confirmed 70 deaths. A spokeswoman said there were reports of people being treated for symptoms including convulsions and foaming of the mouth, consistent with nerve or mixed nerve and chlorine gas exposure. Continued shelling overnight and on Sunday was making it impossible to reach victims. As the allegations emerged, Syria's state news agency Sana said the reports were invented by the Jaish al-Islam rebels who remain in control in Douma. "Jaish al-Islam terrorists are in a state of collapse and their media outlets are [making] chemical attack fabrications in an exposed and failed attempt to obstruct advances by the Syrian Arab army," Sana said. Has the Syrian government used chemical weapons before? In August 2013, rockets containing the nerve agent Sarin were fired at rebel-held areas of the Eastern Ghouta, killing hundreds of people. A UN mission confirmed the use of Sarin, but it was not asked to state who was responsible. Western powers said only Syrian government forces could have carried out the attack. In April 2017, more than 80 people died in a Sarin attack on the opposition-held town of Khan Sheikhoun, and a joint inquiry by the UN and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) held the Syrian government responsible. Activists, medics and the US say Syrian government forces dropped bombs containing toxic chlorine gas on rebel-held towns in early 2018. The joint UN-OPCW mission is investigating the reports. It previously found that government forces have used chlorine as a weapon at least three times during the seven-year civil war. The Syrian government has repeatedly denied ever having used chemical weapons. It maintains that its entire chemical arsenal has been destroyed. Could there be repercussions for Damascus? Following the latest attack, the UK Foreign Office urged an international response. But Russia said allegations of a chemical attack "were staged". US President Donald Trump ordered a cruise missile attack against Syria following the Khan Sheikhoun attack a year ago. Last month, the Washington Post newspaper reported that Mr Trump had discussed the possibility of another American attack on Syria with top security officials, but decided not to take action. Days later, Defence Secretary Jim Mattis warned that it would be "unwise" for Syria to launch chemical attacks. French President Emmanuel Macron has threatened to strike Syria if the government uses chemical weapons against civilians. What's happening in Douma? Douma is the last rebel-held town in Syria's Eastern Ghouta region, and is under siege from Russian-backed Syrian government forces. An intense aerial and ground assault launched on Friday, after talks between Moscow and the rebels broke down, is said to have killed dozens of people. Before negotiations failed, Jaish al-Islam had been trying to secure a deal that would let its members stay in Douma as a local security force. More were feared to have been killed in new shelling on Sunday. State media said six civilians had also died in rebel shelling of the capital Damascus, with 38 injured. Jaish al-Islam denied it was responsible. Forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad have recaptured almost the entire Eastern Ghouta region through a fierce offensive that started in February. More than 1,600 people are reported to have been killed and thousands injured. | উদ্ধারকর্মী ও চিকিৎসকরা বলছেন সিরিয়ার পূর্ব ঘুটার বিদ্রোহী অধ্যূষিত দৌমা শহরে বিষাক্ত গ্যাস আক্রমণের ফলে অন্তত ৭০ জন নিহত হয়েছেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | He also vowed to create jobs in a country where some estimates say 90% of people are unemployed. "We want to grow our economy, we want peace, we want jobs, jobs, jobs," he told a cheering crowd in Harare. Mr Mnangagwa, who fled to South Africa two weeks ago, is to be made the new president on Friday, state TV said. His dismissal led the ruling party and the military to intervene and force an end to Mr Mugabe's 37-year long rule. He told supporters at the headquarters of the ruling Zanu-PF party that he had been the subject of several assassination plots and thanked the army for running the "process" of removing Mr Mugabe peacefully. The news that 93-year-old Mr Mugabe was stepping down sparked wild celebrations across the country late into Tuesday night. It came in the form of a letter read out in parliament on Tuesday, abruptly halting impeachment proceedings against him. In it, Mr Mugabe said he was resigning to allow a smooth and peaceful transfer of power, and that his decision was voluntary. A spokesman for the ruling Zanu-PF party said Mr Mnangagwa, 71, would serve the remainder of Mr Mugabe's term until elections that are due to be held by September 2018. Nicknamed the "crocodile" because of his political cunning, Mr Mnangagwa met South African President Jacob Zuma before leaving for Zimbabwe. 'Which snake's head was crushed?' BBC's Shingai Nyoka in Harare Thousands of party supporters waited for hours to welcome Mr Mnangagwa in his first public appearance since he emerged from hiding. During his 20-minute speech, he corrected himself at least once for referring to Mr Mugabe as president rather than former president. His message was largely conciliatory. But he also relished his stunning return to power and successful removal of Mr Mugabe. He brought up Grace Mugabe's speech a fortnight ago, in which - meaning him - she said we must "deal with the snake by crushing its head". A day later he was fired. "I wonder which snake's head was crushed?" he said to loud cheers. Mr Mnangagwa's firing by Mr Mugabe two weeks ago triggered an unprecedented political crisis in the country. It had been seen by many as an attempt to clear the way for Grace Mugabe to succeed her husband as leader and riled the military leadership, which stepped in and put Mr Mugabe under house arrest. Under the constitution, the role of successor would normally go to a serving vice-president, and one still remains in post - Phelekezela Mphoko. However, Mr Mphoko - a key ally of Mrs Mugabe - has just been fired by Zanu-PF and is not believed to be in the country. In his absence, the party has nominated Mr Mnangagwa, the speaker of parliament confirmed. Some have questioned whether the handover to Mr Mnangagwa will bring about real change in the country. He was national security chief at a time when thousands of civilians died in post-independence conflict in the 1980s, though he denies having blood on his hands. Opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai told the BBC he hoped that Zimbabwe was on a "new trajectory" that would include free and fair elections. He said Mr Mugabe should be allowed to "go and rest for his last days". Prominent opposition politician David Coltart tweeted: "We have removed a tyrant but not yet a tyranny." African Union president Alpha Condé said he was "truly delighted" by the news, but expressed regret at the way Mr Mugabe's rule had ended. "It is a shame that he is leaving through the back door and that he is forsaken by the parliament," he said. Celebrations in the streets At 93, Mr Mugabe was - until his resignation - the world's oldest leader. He once proclaimed that "only God" could remove him. Lawmakers from the ruling party and opposition roared with glee when his resignation letter was read aloud in parliament on Wednesday. Activist and political candidate Vimbaishe Musvaburi broke down in tears of joy while speaking to the BBC. "We are tired of this man, we are so glad he's gone. We don't want him anymore and yes, today, it's victory," she said. Robert Mugabe - Timeline of a political life | মুগাবে শাসনের অবসানের পর নতুন গণতন্ত্রের বিকাশ এবং কর্মসংস্থানের আশ্বাস দিয়েছেন জিম্বাবুয়ের নতুন নেতা এমারসন ম্যানানগাগওয়া। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Shiroma SilvaBBC Click The digital library contains more than 90,000 items and has an estimated 10,000 unique visitors a month. Experts say it provides a way to continually replenish extremist content on the net. But taking it down is difficult because the data is not stored in one place. And despite counter-terrorism authorities in Britain and the US having been alerted to this growing repository, it continues to grow. 'Better terrorist' The discovery came after the death of the prominent IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, in October 2019. At the time, many social media posts supporting the organisation contained a short link. It led researchers to documents and videos in nine different languages. They included details of attacks, including those on Manchester Arena on 22 May 2017, in London on 7 July 2005 and in the US on 11 September 2001. "[There's] everything you need to know to plan and carry out an attack," said ISD deputy director Moustafa Ayad, who discovered the archive. "Things that teach you how to be a better terrorist essentially." The ISD named the library the Caliphate Cache. For months the institute's researchers have studied how it evolves, how it is being administered and who is visiting it. The data is spread across a decentralised system, rather than a single computer server. Anyone can share the content across the web, via servers based at multiple locations. And this hampers any effort to take it offline. But as long as the Caliphate Cache remains live, it aids IS by providing a means to continuously seed out content. Pop singer The material is added to social-media comments pages and spread via bot accounts. Another technique has been to target Twitter accounts linked to celebrities and athletes. For example, IS hijacked an account belonging to a fan of the pop singer Justin Bieber and used it to promote material from the cache. In another case, the group managed to fool the English rugby team's account into following one of its own by masquerading as a supporter. "They understand how not just to game platforms, they understand the power of the content that is contained within the Caliphate Cache," Mr Ayad said. Runaway brides Not all the cache's content is violent. Visitors also encounter philosophies of IS, religious texts and propagandised versions of what an IS lifestyle looks like. The researchers say this includes material runaway brides such as Shamima Begum would have seen. Most of those drawn to the Caliphate Cache are 18- to 24-year-old males in the Arab world, with 40% of the traffic coming from social media, largely via YouTube. Extremist groups The ISD has also discovered the Caliphate Cache is not unique. There are smaller repositories belonging to other extremist groups, many of which are also using decentralised platforms. "The attraction for jihadists of these platforms is that the developers of these decentralised platforms have no way of acting against content that is stored on user-operated servers or content that's shared across a dispersed network of users, " BBC Monitoring senior jihadi specialist Mina Al-Lami said. "It's really all about privacy, freedom and encryption. "That's what attracts jihadists." The researchers have alerted the US Attorney's Office for Eastern District of New York, which prosecutes counter-terrorism cases, as well as the Met Police. The authorities in New York have not commented. But the Met acknowledged receiving the referral and said it was being assessed by specialist officers. | 'ইসলামিক স্টেট' গোষ্ঠিটির এক বিশাল অনলাইন লাইব্রেরির সন্ধান মিলেছে যেখানে তাদের চরমপন্থী মতাদর্শের বহু জিনিস রাখা আছে। ইনস্টিটিউট অব স্ট্রাটেজিক ডায়ালগ (আইএসডি) নামের একটি গবেষণা সংস্থার গবেষকরা এই ডিজিটাল লাইব্রেরির সন্ধান পেয়েছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | President Trump said he "terminated" Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (Cisa) chief Chris Krebs for his "highly inaccurate" remarks on vote integrity. Mr Trump has refused to concede the US election, and has made unsubstantiated claims of "massive" voter fraud. Election officials said the vote was the "most secure" in US history. Mr Krebs is the latest official to be dismissed by the US president following his defeat, with Defense Secretary Mark Esper also shown the door amid reports Mr Trump doubted the Pentagon chief's loyalty. There is speculation in Washington DC that before Mr Trump leaves office in January, CIA director Gina Haspel and FBI director Christopher Wray could also be for the chopping block. Like many others fired by Mr Trump, Mr Krebs reportedly only learned he was out of a job when he saw the president's tweet on Tuesday. But following his dismissal, the former Microsoft executive appeared to have no regrets. He had run the agency from its inception two years ago in the aftermath of alleged Russian meddling in the 2016 election. To guard against potential cyber-threats, Cisa works with state and local election officials and the private companies that supply voting systems, while monitoring ballot tabulation and the power grid. Why was Krebs fired? He had reportedly incurred the White House's displeasure over a Cisa website called Rumor Control, which debunked election misinformation, much of it amplified by the president himself. Hours before he was fired, he posted a tweet that appeared to take aim at Mr Trump's allegation that voting machines in various states had switched ballots to Mr Biden. Mr Krebs tweeted: "On allegations that election systems were manipulated, 59 election security experts all agree, 'in every case of which we are aware, these claims either have been unsubstantiated or are technically incoherent.' #Protect2020". This post, and others by Mr Krebs dating back to the end of July this year, appear to have been deleted from his Twitter account. He was among senior officials from the Department of Homeland Security who last week declared the 3 November US general election the "most secure in American history", while rejecting "unfounded claims". Though that statement did not name Mr Trump, on the same day it was published Mr Krebs retweeted a Twitter post by an election law expert saying: "Please don't retweet wild and baseless claims about voting machines, even if they're made by the president." Mr Krebs' dismissal brought outrage from Democrats. A spokesman for President-elect Joe Biden said "Chris Krebs should be commended for his service in protecting our elections, not fired for telling the truth". National security tensions explode again Mr Krebs' firing was the latest - and not necessarily the last - chapter in the long battle between President Trump and his own national security community. At issue from the start has been the legitimacy of both election campaigns he has fought in. His presidency began with him lashing out at his own spies for their assessment that Russia interfered in 2016 to support his candidacy. That began a long tussle in which the president almost appeared to see a zero-sum battle; one in which he sought to undermine the credibility of his own spies to avoid any question being raised about his victory. The tension has ebbed and flowed, with some officials sacked and others walking a fine line to try to protect themselves and their own institutions. But the 2020 election result has led it to explode again. In 2016, Mr Trump was angry at claims there had been election interference. This time his anger is at the refusal of those like Chris Krebs to back up his claims that there was. Mr Krebs is gone and with an uncertain, uneasy transition ahead, he may not be the last. Read the full analysis What's the latest with Trump's legal challenges? Mr Trump's campaign and its allies have filed a barrage of lawsuits in battleground states contesting the results, although election officials say no evidence of widespread irregularities has been found. Time is running out. All outstanding election disputes nationwide must be resolved by 8 December. The official results are set to be confirmed when the US Electoral College meets on 14 December. On Tuesday, Republican members of a bipartisan election board in Michigan refused to certify Mr Biden's projected win in that state, only to back down after an outcry. The two Republicans on the four-member board had objected to minor voting irregularities in Wayne County, home to Detroit. But they relented after Democrats accused them of trying to disenfranchise voters in the majority-black city. As a compromise, the board passed a resolution requesting that Michigan's Democratic secretary of state conduct an audit of the jurisdictions involved. Meanwhile, election officials conducting a by-hand recount in Georgia - where a fraction of a percent separates the two rivals - found more uncounted ballots for the second time this week. Almost 2,800 previously untallied ballots were discovered on Tuesday in Fayette County, a day after 2,600 uncounted votes turned up in Floyd County. Gabriel Sterling, Georgia's voting system manager, blamed human error. The discoveries are expected to shave Mr Biden's lead in the state to under 13,000, not enough to flip Georgia into Mr Trump's column. There was another setback for Mr Trump on Tuesday in Pennsylvania, where the state supreme court rejected his campaign's argument that its observers had been denied sufficient rights to watch ballot counts in Philadelphia. Also on Tuesday, the Trump campaign, along with Nevada's Republican party, filed another lawsuit challenging that state's election results. Mr Biden is the projected victor in Nevada, but the latest legal action asked a judge to declare Mr Trump the winner, or annul the race altogether. Judges have rejected other Trump campaign lawsuits disputing the tally in Clark County, home to Las Vegas, after ruling there was no evidence to support claims of systemic fraud. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের নির্বাচনে কারচুপি নিয়ে ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের মতের বিরোধিতা করায় শীর্ষ একজন নির্বাচনী কর্মকর্তাকে বরখাস্ত করেছেন ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | A New York Times' investigation says it has found evidence that Mr Trump's property mogul father Fred dodged millions of dollars in taxes with often dubious strategies that channelled his wealth to his five children. It also accuses Donald Trump and his siblings of "setting up a sham corporation to disguise millions of dollars in gifts from their parents" - accusations denied by Mr Trump's youngest brother, Robert. So what do we know of Fred, his wife Mary Anne and their five children - the fourth of whom is now president of the United States. Fred Trump Frederick Christ Trump was born in New York in 1905 to German immigrants, Elizabeth Christ and Frederick Trump. His father had already invested in real estate, and Fred soon followed in his footsteps - founding a company initially under his mother's name as he was still under age. He made his fortune by building affordable housing for middle-income families along the US east coast during and after World War Two. Many of these projects were government-subsidised, and he was forced to appear before the US Senate in 1954 amid allegations he had been profiteering from the contracts. In the 1970s, he was accused of discriminating against minorities by refusing to allow black people and Puerto Ricans to rent his properties. A civil rights case was brought against him, and it was Donald Trump who became a regular in newspapers with his fierce defence of his father. The case was eventually settled without any admission of wrongdoing. It is worth mentioning Fred's younger brother, John, who has been name-checked many times by his famous nephew. John Trump was a professor of engineering at the elite Massachusetts Institute of Technology for 44 years, whose work led to advances in cancer therapy and nuclear research. Mary Anne Trump Mary Anne MacLeod was just 18 when she first arrived in New York, having travelled from her home on the Scottish island of Lewis in search of domestic work. Six years later, she married Fred and moved with him to a wealthy area of Queens where she became active with charity work and raised their five children. She became a US citizen in 1942. Mary Anne Trump died at the age of 88 in 2000, little more than a year after her husband Fred passed away. Maryanne Trump Barry The oldest child, Maryanne Trump Barry is best known as a senior judge of the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, although she took an inactive status in February 2017 soon after her brother became president. She was nominated to the post in 1999 by President Bill Clinton, and before that was picked by Ronald Reagan as District Judge for New Jersey in 1983. Now 81, Maryanne is said to be close to her brother Donald. She once told the story of how he had visited her every day she was in hospital following an operation. "Once would have been enough - the duty call. That's how love shows, when you go that extra yard." She also said she "knew better even as a child than to even attempt to compete with Donald". Though she is regarded as a Republican, she has expressed views supporting abortion rights and immigration. She has one son with her first husband. Her second husband, John Barry, also a lawyer, died in 2000. Fred Trump Jr Fred Jr was the second oldest of the siblings, and eight years older than Donald. He was initially destined for the family business, but after a spell working with his father, Fred Jr left to become a pilot. Married with two children, Fred appeared to have it all but it became apparent by his mid-20s that he had problems with alcohol, according to a New York Times article from 2016. "The years that followed were unkind. He got divorced, quit flying because he knew his drinking presented a danger and failed at commercial fishing in Florida. By the late 1970s, he was living back in his parents' house in Jamaica Estates, working on one of his father's maintenance crews," the article said. Fred died in 1981 at the age of 43. President Trump has said it was watching the descent of his brother that made him determined never to drink alcohol, take drugs or smoke cigarettes. "He had a profound impact on my life, because you never know where you're going to end up," Mr Trump said. "[Fred] was a great guy, a handsome person. He was the life of the party. He was a fantastic guy, but he got stuck on alcohol." Elizabeth Trump Grau The third sibling and some four years older than the president, Elizabeth is more private than her other siblings. She is a retired banker, married to the film producer James Grau. Robert Trump Robert is the youngest of the five siblings, born two years after Donald. Like his brother, he spent much of his career with the family firm, becoming a top executive. Unlike his brother, he is said not to court publicity and prefers a quieter life, now semi-retired in New York state. He responded to the New York Times' latest allegations by insisting: "All appropriate gift and estate tax returns were filed, and the required taxes were paid." You might also like to read: Who are the next generation of Trumps? The hotel developer who became president | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের পরিবার নিয়ে আবারো শুরু হয়েছে নানা কথাবার্তা। তবে এবার আলোচনার কেন্দ্রবিন্দু ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের বাবা ফ্রেড ট্রাম্প। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Regan MorrisBBC News, Los Angeles The conservative kingdom's plan to open up to Western entertainment after a 35-year ban had Hollywood's top executives jockeying to make deals with the billionaire crown prince. Mohammed bin Salman, or MBS as he's also known, dined at media mogul Rupert Murdoch's house along with studio heads and actor Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson. In a Facebook post about the dinner, The Rock said he was humbled to discover he has so many young fans in Saudi Arabia. "I look forward to my first visit soon to Saudi Arabia," Johnson wrote. "I'll be sure to bring my finest tequila to share with the (sic) his Royal Highness and family." Tequila and The Rock in Saudi Arabia? Alcohol is banned in Saudi Arabia and punishable by lashes. But the times they are a-changing. That's how it looked at the Four Seasons in Beverly Hills. The prince's vast entourage took over the entire hotel where everything from the music to the menus had a Saudi flare this week. They also hosted a summit there on the future of entertainment in Saudi Arabia. It was packed with hundreds of Hollywood insiders. While a handful of activists demonstrated throughout the prince's trip to protest the Saudi-led bombing of Yemen and the way women are treated in Saudi Arabia, Hollywood was shown a slick, modern version of the country ready for change under the direction of the 32-year-old crown prince. As a result, Saudis can expect to see some Hollywood blockbusters at a cinema near them soon. AMC, the biggest movie chain in the US, plans to open 30 cinemas in the kingdom - the first one later this month. Saudis can also expect to see Disney on Ice and Cirque du Soleil coming soon. Rick Licht, the CEO of Hero Ventures, attended the summit carrying Thor's hammer from the Avengers movie. His company is bringing the travelling theme park, The Marvel Experience, to Saudi Arabia before the end of the year. "Our hosts today have been absolutely spectacular and I hope we're going to be able to do this for many years to come over there," Mr Licht said. In a slick promotional video, The General Entertainment Authority of Saudi Arabia used "change" as a theme - and highlighted the fact that nearly 70% of Saudi Arabia's 32 million people are under the age of 30. And they're hungry for entertainment. But not everyone was impressed with the royal treatment given to the Saudi delegation. Feminist peace activists from Code Pink demonstrated outside many of the prince's meetings to tell people about the Saudi-led bombing of Yemen, which has killed 10,000 people and displaced about two million other people. Outside the Rand Corporation, one protester carried a sign saying "bin Salman is no Prince Charming." Many activists noted that Hollywood is already battling its own problems with sexism and it shouldn't be making deals with a country so restrictive to women. Oscar-nominated actress Shohreh Aghdashloo says she's hopeful the young prince could end the war in Yemen and help mend ties between Saudi Arabia and its most bitter enemy - her native Iran. Saudi Arabia and Iran are engaged in a rivalry for power and influence in the Middle East - and Yemen is home to the most destructive of their proxy wars. "Hollywood loves princes and princesses. Hollywood creates princes and princesses," says Ms Aghdashloo. "But I wish the prince would have started with Yemen" and not Hollywood, she adds. "Most probably Hollywood is probably overwhelmed with his presence because they know they can do a lot together with his power, with his money, with his ambition," she said over coffee at Jerry's Deli in Los Angeles. "If he says that he is going to open theatres in Saudi Arabia and if he does so then we are halfway through. Bringing awareness to people will make them become more aware of their situation and be more willing to make their place a better world to live in. Art can save lives." Young Saudis in Los Angeles were also optimistic about the crown prince's modernisation. The ban on women driving in the kingdom is being lifted and some can now leave their home without a male chaperone. The country is also opening up to tourist visas - although women under 25 who want to travel to Saudi Arabia will require a male chaperone. At a technology event hosted by the prince's foundation, young Saudi women in LA said his reforms have already greatly changed their future. One student, who did not want to be identified, said "no" when asked if she wanted to see more rights for women in Saudi Arabia. "It's already happened. Most of the things we want are already in place," she said. "It's a great step for women. Driving, all the new regulations for women. It's a great opportunity for us." You might also be interested in: First Saudi cinemas in decades to reopen Who is Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed? | সৌদি যুবরাজ মোহাম্মদ বিন সালমানকে রীতিমত রাজকীয় অভ্যর্থনাই জানানো হলো হলিউডে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Acting Defence Secretary Patrick Shanahan said the deployment was in response to "hostile behaviour" by Iranian forces. The US Navy also shared new images it says link Iran to attacks last week on two oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman. Washington has accused Iran of blowing holes in the vessels with mines. Iran has denied the allegations. Tensions were further fuelled on Monday when Iran said its stockpile of low-enriched uranium would next week exceed levels set under the 2015 nuclear agreement. It recently stepped up production in response to the US tightening sanctions. The 2015 deal, from which the US has withdrawn, curbed Iran's nuclear programme in exchange for the lifting of sanctions. Iran's President Hassan Rouhani said his country did not seek to wage war with any nation and had remained "loyal" to its international obligations. Overnight three rockets hit a military base housing US troops north of Baghdad, the Iraqi military said. The US said it was "indirect fire" and did not cause injuries. No group said it had carried out the attack, though it followed US warnings of an increased threat to US interests in Iraq by Iranian-backed militias. What do we know about the extra troops? Announcing the deployment, Mr Shanahan said the US did "not seek conflict with Iran" but the action had been taken to "ensure the safety and welfare of our military personnel working throughout the region to protect our national interests". He said the military would continue to monitor the situation and make adjustments to troop levels accordingly. The 1,000 additional troops being despatched to the Middle East is presented as a prudent defensive measure by the Pentagon; the recent attacks on the two oil tankers being taken as a clear sign of Iran's hostile intent. They join some 1,500 additional troops sent last month. Taken together, these deployments inevitably raise tensions but they are clearly not in any sense an assault force. If direct conflict does break out between Washington and Tehran, it will most likely be a sporadic air and maritime battle, not a land campaign. But what worries Washington is attacks by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps or Iran's proxies against US troops or facilities in the wider region - hence this latest deployment. The US defence secretary is again insisting that Washington does not want conflict with Tehran, but tensions remain high and any miscalculation could lead to a serious escalation. What do the latest images show? Shortly before the announcement, the Pentagon released new images including some purporting to show the remnants of an unexploded mine on the Japanese-owned oil tanker damaged in the attacks. The photos appear to show it being removed by members of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps. The Pentagon has already released grainy video said to show the same episode. Also seen in the latest images is apparent damage - a hole - above the waterline on the hull of the Kokuka Courageous. Another image is said to show the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps vessel shortly after it was involved in removing the limpet mine. The other tanker damaged in the attacks was the Norwegian-owned Front Altair. The US has implicated Iran in the latest attacks and four others outside the Strait of Hormuz in May, allegations denied by Iran. How do other powers see the situation? China urged the US to lower the pressure and for Iran to stick to the nuclear deal, warning of a "Pandora's box" in the region. Russia - another party to the nuclear accord - also called for restraint, calling US actions "truly provocative". Saudi Arabia also blames Iran for the attacks on the two oil tankers, while the UK said it was "almost certain" Iran was behind the blasts. But EU foreign ministers meeting on Monday warned against jumping to conclusions and backed UN calls for an independent investigation. Why are there new tensions? In 2015, Iran agreed to a landmark deal with world powers to curb its nuclear development. It agreed to limit the enrichment of uranium, which is used to make reactor fuel but also nuclear weapons, and other measures in return for relief from sanctions. Mr Trump abandoned the nuclear accord last year and started to re-impose sanctions. The move has crippled Iran's economy, which relies on oil, and Iran has responded by scaling back its nuclear commitments. Speaking on Iranian TV, President Rouhani said the international community could see that it was the US, not Iran, that was acting badly. "Iran has been loyal to its signature," he said. "Iran has been loyal to international agreements, and the one standing against us today [the US] is the one that has trampled all pacts, agreements and international accords." Iran's Atomic Energy Organisation said earlier it was on course to exceed agreed limits on its low-enriched uranium stockpiles by 27 June. But Iran said there was "still time" for European countries to act by protecting Iran from reinstated US sanctions. | ইরানের সঙ্গে অব্যাহত উত্তেজনার মধ্যেই মধ্যপ্রাচ্যে আরো ১,০০০ সেনা পাঠানোর ঘোষণা দিয়েছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The Alborz mountain range that towers over the capital city is popular with climbers and skiers but the past few days have seen treacherous weather. The Red Crescent has deployed 20 teams who have rescued 14 climbers - but at least seven others are missing. The search operation had to be halted at nightfall, and is now expected to resume on Sunday morning. Among those who died are a political activist, an academic, a doctor and a mountaineering instructor. At one point on Friday, about 100 people were stranded high up at a ski resort when the cable car broke down. There had been earlier warnings of bad weather and possible avalanches. On social media, some people reported malfunctions to GPS systems, which climbers rely on in the mountains. But it is unclear if those caught up in the blizzards and avalanche were affected. | ইরানি কর্মকর্তারা বলছেন, ইরাক-ইরান সীমান্তের পাহাড়ি এলাকায় শক্তিশালী এক ভূমিকম্পে কমপক্ষে ৩২০ জন নিহত হয়েছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | President Donald Trump also phoned his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan to demand an immediate truce, Vice-President Mike Pence said. Mr Pence said he would travel to the region "as quickly as possible". The move comes after criticism of a US troop withdrawal from the region which some say gave Turkey a "green light". The Turkish offensive, which began last week, aims to push the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) from the border region. Turkey considers the biggest militia in the SDF a terrorist organisation. The Turkish government wants to create a "safe zone" in the area, where it can resettle up to two million Syrian refugees currently in Turkey. Many of them are not Kurds and critics warn this could lead to ethnic cleansing of the local Kurdish population. Dozens of civilians have been killed in the operation so far and at least 160,000 have fled the area, according to the UN. Some aid organisations have been forced to suspend operations and evacuate international staff over security fears. Kurdish-led forces have been a key ally of the US in the fight against the Islamic State (IS) group in Syria. They described the US withdrawal, which preceded Turkish action, as a "stab in the back". There are fears the destabilisation could risk a resurgence of IS, as thousands of former fighters and their relatives are being detained in northern Syria. Hundreds of IS family members are said to have already escaped from one camp. Facing immense pressure, Kurdish-led forces on Sunday announced a deal with the Syrian government for military support to help repel Turkey. What are the US sanctions? US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin announced the measures alongside Vice-President Pence in Washington DC on Monday evening. Action was taken against Turkey's defence and energy ministries, as well as the ministers of defence, energy and interior, the US Treasury said. The move freezes their assets in the US and bans transactions with them that involve the US financial system. "The Turkish government's actions are endangering innocent civilians, and destabilizing the region, including undermining the campaign to defeat ISIS [Islamic State]," the statement added. President Donald Trump has faced mounting pressure to take action against Turkey - a Nato partner - including from Republicans usually loyal to his administration. In a statement posted on Twitter, President Trump also said he would raise tariffs on Turkish steel back to 50% and "immediately stop" negotiations related to a "$100 billion trade deal" with Turkey. "The United States and our partners have liberated 100 percent of ISIS's ruthless territorial caliphate," the statement said. "Turkey must not put these gains in jeopardy." Vice-President Pence warned that the sanctions would worsen "unless and until Turkey embraces an immediate ceasefire" and negotiates a long-term settlement on the border. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who leads the Democrats, said on Twitter that the sanctions fell "very short of reversing the humanitarian disaster brought about by [the president's] own erratic decision-making". Earlier on Monday, European Union countries committed to suspending arms exports to Turkey but stopped short of an EU-wide arms embargo. In response, Turkey said it would examine its co-operation with the EU due to its "unlawful and biased" attitude. Lighter than expected Analysis by Mark Lowen, former BBC Turkey correspondent Donald Trump is now sanctioning Turkey for an invasion that he is widely considered to have enabled. By announcing a withdrawal of US troops from northern Syria, President Erdogan was given a de facto green light to move in. The sanctions might appear hefty, targeting senior ministers and hiking steel tariffs. But in reality, they are lighter than expected - and we have been here before. In August 2018, Donald Trump lost patience with Turkey's imprisonment of an American pastor, sanctioning two ministers and imposing 50% tariffs on Turkish aluminium and steel. The Turkish lira plunged to a record low of 7.2 to the dollar. Since then, the lira has somewhat recovered - and appears to have largely shaken off today's measures. The US represents just 5% of Turkey's steel export market. President Erdogan tends to dig in his heels when he feels under pressure. There is no sign of any change of tack by him - yet. What is happening in Syria? Following the deal with Kurdish-led forces, the Syrian army began to move towards the border on Monday. Syrian state media said government forces had entered the strategic town of Manbij, inside the area where Turkey wants to create its "safe zone". Turkish troops and pro-Turkish, anti-government fighters were gathering near the town. The deal was seen as a boost for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad as it meant his troops would return to north-eastern areas for the first time since 2012, when their withdrawal to fight rebels elsewhere allowed Kurdish militias to take control. Despite disagreeing with their attempts at self-rule, Mr Assad did not seek to retake the territory, especially after the Kurds became partners in the coalition against IS with US troops on the ground. Apart from fighting IS, the Kurds were fundamental to the US in limiting the influence of rivals Russia and Iran and keeping some leverage on the ground. For now, Syrian forces will not be deployed between Tal Abyad and Ras al-Ain, where Turkey has focused its efforts. The Russian government, a key Syrian ally, said it did not want to entertain the possibility of a clash between Russian and Turkish forces in Syria, and said it was in regular contact with Turkey's authorities. President Erdogan insists the operation will continue until Turkey's "objectives have been achieved" despite the involvement of Syrian government forces. "God willing, we will quickly secure the region stretching from Manbij to our border with Iraq and ensure that, in the first stage, one million, and then two million Syrian refugees return to their homes on their own free will," he said in a televised speech on Tuesday. The United Nations say 160,000 have fled their homes but the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) say this number could be as high as 250,000 with 70 civilian deaths reported. The UK-based monitoring group say 135 members of the SDF have died in the military operation so far along with 122 pro-Turkish fighters and eight Turkish soldiers. Turkey's Anadolu news agency report 18 civilians have been killed over the border in southern Turkey. On Tuesday the UN Human Rights office called on Turkey to investigate suspected war crimes being carried out by pro-Turkish forces. "Turkey could be deemed as a state responsible for violations by their affiliated groups as long as Turkey exercises effective control of these groups or the operations in the course of which those violations occurred," spokesman Rupert Colville said. The warning came after footage emerged over the weekend that appeared to show summary executions of Kurds, including female politician Hevrin Khalaf. | সিরিয়ার উত্তরাঞ্চলে তুরস্কের সেনা অভিযানের জেরে দেশটির দুইজন মন্ত্রী এবং সরকারি তিনজন উচ্চপদস্থ কর্মকর্তার উপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা আরোপ করেছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The results are believed to be the work of protesters acting in response to an attack in Indian-administered Kashmir that left at least 40 soldiers dead. It is the deadliest militant attack on Indian forces in Kashmir since the insurgency against Indian rule began. Pakistan-based Islamist group Jaish-e-Mohammad said it was behind the attack. The flag-toilet paper connection emerged soon after the 14 February attack in a few blogs commenting on the attack and became a trending topic on social media over the weekend. The number of people searching for the connection may have also influenced how Google returns results. Now a Google search returns news stories about the link but anyone searching images for the "best toilet paper in the world" gets a page dominated by the green and white flag. Many of the images are from news stories about the connection. Others are screenshots of the critical social media posts that linked the flag to toilet paper. Google has not yet commented on how this could have happened. This is not the first time that a search via Google has returned curious results. Heads of state including US President Donald Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi have both been linked to searches for derogatory phrases. Update 19 February 2019: Google has called into question why the image involved has appeared high in its results. "While we continue to investigate the matter, we have not found any evidence that Google Images was ranking the Pakistani flag in response to this particular search," said a spokeswoman. "Many news outlets wrote about an old screenshot from a meme website that is inconsistent with our UI [user interface] and dates back to 2017, and we have not seen any independent verification that these results ever appeared as depicted. "Since these news stories published, images from those articles are now ranking for this query, as the pages contain words relevant to the search." | গুগলে 'বেস্ট টয়লেট পেপার ইন দ্য ওয়ার্ল্ড' বা বিশ্বের সেরা টয়লেট পেপার লিখে সার্চ দিলে পাকিস্তানের পতাকার ছবি দেখাচ্ছে সার্চ ইঞ্জিনটি। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Mr Trump tweeted he had been set to meet Afghan President Ashraf Ghani and senior Taliban leaders on Sunday. But he cancelled the secret meeting at his Camp David retreat after the militants admitted they were behind a recent attack that killed a US soldier. The Taliban said Americans will "lose the most" for cancelling. The talks were due to take place a few days before the anniversary of 9/11. US-led forces overthrew the Taliban government in Afghanistan in the autumn of 2001, because the militants had given safe haven to the al-Qaeda network to plan the attacks on the US on 11 September. Meanwhile the office of Afghan President Ashraf Ghani - who would have met separately with Mr Trump at Camp David, according to the US president - said real peace would only be possible when the Taliban agreed to a ceasefire and direct talks with the Afghan government. Mr Ghani's office praised the "sincere efforts" of its allies. How surprising is this news? A face-to-face meeting with the Taliban at Camp David - the site of past historic peace negotiations - would have been an extraordinary diplomatic move by the US president, especially as it would have come just ahead of the 18th anniversary of 9/11. The top US negotiator had announced a peace deal "in principle" on Monday. It was the result of nine rounds of talks between the US and Taliban representatives, held in Doha, the capital of the Gulf state of Qatar. But Mr Trump's tweets on Saturday evening appeared to put an end to nearly a year of painstaking negotiations which had excluded the Afghan government in Kabul, dismissed by the Taliban as American puppets. "Unfortunately, in order to build false leverage, [the Taliban] admitted to an attack in Kabul that killed one of our great great soldiers," the president tweeted. "I immediately cancelled the meeting and called off peace negotiations." As part of the proposed deal, the US would have withdrawn 5,400 troops within 20 weeks, in return for Taliban guarantees that Afghanistan would never again be used as a base for terrorism. The US currently has about 14,000 troops in Afghanistan. How have the other parties reacted? In a statement, Taliban spokesperson Zabihullah Mujahid said the talks were going well until Saturday. Pulling out of the peace process before the signing of the agreement - because of one explosion - shows the US's lack of maturity and experience, he added. He also said that the Taliban and the Afghan government had agreed to talks on 23 September. The Afghan government has not confirmed this. In a news conference in Kabul, a spokesperson for President Ghani simply repeated a long-standing wish for direct negotiation with the group. "We strongly believe in a process that can be led and owned by Afghan government and Afghan people," said Sediq Sediqqi. Has the US said more? In an interview with CNN on the morning after the flurry of tweets, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the Camp David meeting had been in the works "for a while" before it was cancelled. He said the Taliban had failed to keep up with preliminary conditions, including reducing violence. "I think as you saw, if the Taliban don't behave, if they don't deliver ... the president of the United States is not going to reduce the pressure," Mr Pompeo said. What about the attacks in Afghanistan? On Thursday, a Kabul car bombing carried out by the Taliban killed 12 people, including a US soldier. A Romanian soldier serving with the Nato-led mission was also killed. But the Taliban had never agreed to end their violent campaign against Afghan and foreign forces while the peace talks were taking place. Sixteen US troops have been killed this year. A recent escalation of violence had deepened fears that a looming US-Taliban agreement would not end the daily fighting in Afghanistan and its toll on civilians. Yet Kabul residents on Sunday questioned why the death of one US soldier should scupper prospects for peace. "So, the Afghans who have been losing their sweet lives during all these years, is their blood worthless?" asked one grocery shop owner who spoke to the BBC's Pashto language service. Ever since the US envoy Zalmay Khalilzad arrived in Kabul a week ago with news of "a deal in principle", there have been almost daily Taliban attacks, with a growing chorus of anger in Afghanistan - and the US. The Taliban say they're targeting foreign forces. But time and again, Afghan civilians are suffering. The new agreement is said to only include a commitment to reduce violence. A senior US diplomat explained they'd accepted the Taliban argument that a ceasefire was their main bargaining chip for Afghan talks set to follow the US negotiations. A senior Afghan official angrily told me "a ceasefire is our bargaining chip too", insisting the government would not accept the current deal. Afghan leaders accuse the US of bestowing legitimacy on the Taliban, which has only emboldened them. There is also mounting scepticism, now voiced by President Trump, that any commitments made by Taliban negotiators in Doha won't be upheld by commanders in the field What does each side want? Mr Trump pledged during the 2016 presidential campaign that he would end the US war in Afghanistan. But he recently said that he wanted to get troop numbers down to 8,600 - about the same as the level when he entered office - and then "make a determination from there". He said the US would maintain a military presence in Afghanistan. Many in Washington fear that a full US pull-out would leave the country deeply unstable and vulnerable to militant groups that could use it as a base to attack the West. The Taliban militants now control more territory than at any time since the 2001 US invasion. They have insisted that they will not talk formally to the Afghan government until a timetable for the US troop withdrawal is agreed. The initial US-Taliban deal was meant to pave the way for intra-Afghan talks on a broader political solution. Some in Afghanistan fear that any deal could see hard-won rights and freedoms eroded and the Taliban back in power. The militants enforced strict religious laws and treated women brutally during their rule from 1996 to 2001. Nearly 3,500 members of the international coalition forces have died in Afghanistan since the 2001 invasion, more than 2,300 of them American. In a February 2019 report, the UN said that more than 32,000 Afghan civilians had died. The Watson Institute at Brown University says 58,000 Afghan security personnel and 42,000 opposition combatants have been killed. | আফগানিস্তানে তালেবানের আক্রমণে একজন মার্কিন সৈন্য নিহত হওয়ার পর সংগঠনটির সাথে শান্তি আলোচনা বাতিল করে দিয়েছেন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Many people were reported trapped in the rubble of buildings that collapsed in Friday's 7.5-magnitude earthquake, agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho told a news conference. The quake triggered tsunami waves as high as 6m (20ft), he added. Vice-President Jusuf Kalla said the final death toll could be thousands. Rescuers have been digging by hand in the search for survivors in the city of Palu. "What we now desperately need is heavy machinery to clear the rubble. I have my staff on the ground, but it's impossible just to rely on their strength alone to clear this," Muhammad Syaugi, head of the national search-and-rescue agency, told AFP news agency. There have also been concerns about the town of Donggala, where the impact is still unclear. The Red Cross estimates that more than 1.6 million people have been affected by the earthquake and tsunami which it described as a tragedy that "could get much worse". Strong aftershocks have continued to hit the island since Friday's earthquake. President Joko Widodo visited Palu to view sites affected by the disaster, including Talise Beach - the main tourist area that was badly affected by the tsunami. "I know there are many problems that need to be solved in a short time, including communications," he said. What is the situation in Palu? Many remain missing in the city of 335,000, some thought to be trapped in the debris of collapsed buildings. Rescue teams dug by hand to free 24 people trapped in the rubble of the Roa-Roa hotel in the city of Palu, but there are fears that dozens more remain trapped. Bodies have been lying in city streets and the injured are being treated in tents because of damage to hospitals. Anxious survivors in Palu bedded down in the open air on Saturday night, heeding advice by officials not to return to their homes as a precaution. "It feels very tense," Risa Kusuma, who was with her feverish baby boy at an evacuation centre, told AFP. "Every minute an ambulance brings in bodies. Clean water is scarce. The minimarkets are looted everywhere." 'Supplies running out' By Rebecca Henschke, in Poso In Poso, a four-hour drive from Palu, supplies are running out. State-owned petrol stations have closed as they have run dry. People are queuing up at roadside stalls, buying petrol in bottles to take into the affected area and to find missing loved ones. Supermarkets have limited food left and it is difficult to find bottled water. Ermi Liana, who is travelling with our BBC team, doesn't know if her parents are alive. "They live close to a bridge that collapsed. I can't reach them by phone," she says. "I can only pray they are alive." We haven't seen any aid heading in and there is still no communication link to the town of Donggala. Why were so many killed on Friday? The 7.5 magnitude quake occurred at a shallow depth of 10km (6.2 miles) just off the central island of Sulawesi at 18:03 (10:03 GMT), triggering a tsunami, US monitors say. Many people were on the beach in Palu, preparing for a festival, and were caught when waves swept in. Video shows people screaming and fleeing in panic. As well as destroying homes, the quake wrecked a shopping centre, a mosque, a hotel and a road bridge. An air traffic controller at Palu airport died ensuring a plane took off safely after the quake. What do survivors say? When the quake hit, "we all panicked and ran out of the house," Anser Bachmid, 39, told AFP news agency. "People here need aid - food, drink, clean water. We don't know what to eat for dinner tonight." "I just ran when I saw the waves hitting homes on the coastline," Palu resident Rusidanto said. Dwi Haris, who was in the city for a wedding, was staying in a hotel with his wife and daughter when the quake struck. "There was no time to save ourselves," he told the Associated Press news agency. "I was squeezed into the ruins of the wall... I heard my wife cry for help but then silence. I don't know what happened to her and my child. I hope they are safe." With back and shoulder injuries, he is being treated outdoors at Palu's Army Hospital. What is being done to help? Aid is being flown from the capital Jakarta into Palu airport, using the part of its runway still intact. Patients are being treated in the open outside city hospitals and at least one military field hospital has been erected. The regional head of the Indonesian Doctors Association (IDI), Komang, asked the authorities for immediate help. "We need tents, medicines, medical personnel, tarpaulins, blankets and more of other things," he said. The UK-based charity Save the Children is sending an assessment team to the disaster zone. "Unfortunately the more information that we're getting, the worse the situation appears to be," charity spokesman Tom Howells told the BBC from Jakarta. Have you been affected by the earthquake? If it is safe to do so, share your experience by emailing [email protected] Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways: | ইন্দোনেশিয়ার দুর্যোগ মোকাবেলা কর্তৃপক্ষ জানিয়েছে, শুক্রবারের ভূমিকম্প এবং সুনামিতে দেশটির সুলাওয়েসি দ্বীপে এ পর্যন্ত ৩৮৪ জন মানুষ নিহত হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Michelle RobertsHealth editor, BBC News online "Some of my friends think it is a bit weird or disgusting, but it doesn't worry me. It's very easy to donate and I just want to help with medical research. I'm glad to contribute." Her faeces, teeming with "good" bugs, will be put into the bowel of a sick patient to help their poorly gut get better. Claudia knows her donation is extremely useful - that is why she does it - but is her poo extra special? Scientists believe some people's poo might contain an ideal mix of healing bacteria to fix gut diseases, making them super-donors. Claudia says she wanted to become a donor because she had read that vegans might make particularly good candidates. There's no good evidence that vegan poo is better than any other human faeces, but experts are exploring what might make a stool "super". Dr Justin O'Sullivan is a molecular biology expert at the University of Auckland and he has been investigating the concept of super poo donors. Perfect poo? Our guts house millions of bugs that live inside us as a community. This diverse microbiome is unique to each us - no two are exactly the same. Although faecal transplantation is still a relatively new field of medicine, evidence from the studies that have been done hint that some donors make the best poo for the job. Dr O'Sullivan says: "We see transplants from super-donors achieve clinical remission rates of perhaps double the remaining average. "Our hope is that if we can discover how this happens, then we can improve the success of faecal transplantation and even trial it for new microbiome-associated conditions like Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis and asthma." Dr Jon Landy is a consultant gastroenterologist for West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust and helps to co-ordinate their faecal transplant unit. He agrees with the idea of a super-donor, but says finding one could be tricky. "We do not understand yet what makes a super-donor, or why," he said. "We always make sure our donors are healthy and not carrying any disease, but we don't test all of their microbiome to see what that is like. "These are the sorts of investigations that might need to be done." Faecal bugs Dr O'Sullivan's research, published in the journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, suggests having lots of different microorganisms in your poo might be the advantage. He says a larger number of species in the donor's stool has been shown to be one of the most significant factors influencing faecal transplantation outcome. And patients who respond well to the transplants develop a more diverse microbiome too. But studies suggest success could also depend on how good a match the donor is for the patient. And it might not only be which bacteria are present in the poo. "Some cases of recurrent diarrheal infection have even been cured with transplants of filtered stool, that has had all the live bacteria filtered out but still contains DNA, viruses and other debris. "These viruses could affect the survival and metabolic function of transplanted bacteria and other microbes," says Dr O'Sullivan. Dr Julie McDonald, a microbiome expert at Imperial College London, has been studying how to boost the success rate of stool transplants. Currently, most donations are used to treat a dangerous bowel condition caused by an infection called clostridium difficile. This infection can take hold when a patient's own "good" bowel bugs have been wiped out by antibiotics. For the most vulnerable, it can be deadly. Dr McDonald's work suggests poo transplants do a very specific job, replacing something lost in disease. She found patients suffering from clostridium difficile infections had virtually undetectable levels of a short-chain fatty acid valerate produced by healthy gut microbial metabolism The levels could only be restored with a successful faecal transplant. "In our lab we are trying to figure out exactly how the transplants work and we are looking at whether we even move away from giving faeces itself." Instead of giving the patient an injection of faeces they would be given a treatment based on the faeces, which they might find less off-putting. This might help get round the whole poo taboo that's associated with donating, she says. Claudia wants people to "get over the mental barrier" and think about becoming a donor. "It's really very easy to donate. It's simple to do. If you are thinking about it, check if a hospital nearby has a service and get in touch with them. "I collect my fresh sample at home in a container that my hospital provides. Then I drop it off to the hospital as I pass by it on my way to work. It's just a little bit of effort." Claudia's now thinking about becoming a blood donor too. "I've not got round to that yet, but it's something I might do." Anybody wishing to donate to the FMT bank at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital should contact [email protected] | ক্লডিয়া ক্যাম্পেনেলা যুক্তরাজ্যের একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে প্রশাসনিক কাজ করেন। কিন্তু অবসর সময়ে তিনি যে কাজ করেন - সেটাই সবচেয়ে চমকপ্রদ। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The Charité Hospital said it was ending acute medical care because his condition had sufficiently improved. Mr Navalny posted a picture of himself standing unaided with a message saying doctors had given him every chance of a full recovery. His team alleges he was poisoned on the orders of President Vladimir Putin. The Kremlin strongly denies any involvement. Mr Navalny, a leading Russian opposition activist, collapsed on a flight in Siberia on 20 August. He was later transferred to the Charité hospital in the German capital. On Wednesday, his spokeswoman said he would remain in Germany "because his treatment is not over". "Nevertheless, doctors now predict [a] full recovery," she added. What do his doctors say? A statement from the hospital said that 44-year-old Mr Navalny had spent 32 days there, including 24 days in intensive care. "Based on the patient's progress and current condition, the treating physicians believe that complete recovery is possible. However, it remains too early to gauge the potential long-term effects of his severe poisoning," it said. Shortly after he was discharged, Mr Navalny described his rehabilitation programme in a post on Instagram. "Further recovery does not require in-patient care, but a normal life," he wrote. "Walking, spending time with my family. Immersing myself in a daily routine." "My plans are simple: (go to) the physiotherapist every day," he said. "Possibly a rehabilitation centre. Stand on one leg. Regain complete control over my fingers. Maintain my balance." He thanked doctors at the Berlin hospital for the treatment he had received. Earlier this month the hospital revealed that Mr Navalny had begun to recover, saying that he had been removed from a ventilator and could leave his bed. At the time, the German government said that laboratories in France and Sweden had reconfirmed German tests showing that the poison used on Mr Navalny was a Novichok agent. The Kremlin has said there is no proof of that. And in a statement on Wednesday, a Kremlin spokesman said Mr Navalny was "free" to return to Moscow "at any moment". The spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, also wished the opposition figure "a speedy recovery". What's the background? Mr Navalny's supporters initially believed that his tea had been spiked at Tomsk airport in Siberia before he caught a flight to Moscow. However, they later said that traces of the nerve agent had been found on a water bottle in the hotel room where he had been staying. Mr Navalny became ill during the flight and the plane made an emergency landing in Omsk. Russian officials were persuaded to allow him to be airlifted to Germany two days later. After tests confirmed poisoning with a Novichok nerve agent, the EU demanded a "transparent" investigation by the Russian government. "Those responsible must be brought to justice," a statement read. UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson condemned the poisoning as "outrageous". In an Instagram post on Tuesday, Mr Navalny rubbished suggestions - purportedly from President Putin - that he had poisoned himself. French newspaper Le Monde reported that in a telephone call with President Emmanuel Macron on 14 September, Mr Putin had spoken "with contempt about Alexei Navalny, considering him a simple internet troublemaker who had simulated diseases in the past". "Putin has outsmarted me," Mr Navalny wrote on Instagram, mocking the Russian president. "He is nobody's fool. As a result, I, like a fool, spent 18 days in a coma but failed to achieve what I wanted. The provocation has failed!" Western politicians are still undecided over their response to the poisoning, says the BBC's Jenny Hill in Berlin. However, Mr Navalny's discharge from hospital will intensify pressure on German Chancellor Angela Merkel who has demanded - so far in vain - a full explanation from the Kremlin, she adds. A nerve agent from the Novichok group was also used to poison Russian ex-spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter in Salisbury, England in 2018. They both survived, but a local woman, Dawn Sturgess, died after coming into contact with the poison. Britain accused Russia's military intelligence of carrying out that attack. Twenty countries expelled more than 100 Russian diplomats and spies. Moscow denied any involvement. | রাশিয়ার প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিনের বিশিষ্ট সমালোচক, সরকার বিরোধী ব্যক্তিত্ব, দুর্নীতি বিরোধী আন্দোলনকর্মী অ্যালেক্সেই নাভালনিকে, মস্কো হাসপাতাল থেকে ছাড়পত্র দেয়া হয়েছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | A Wall Street Journal report on Friday alleged that the 76-year-old billionaire harassed massage therapists and forced one staff member to have sex with him. Mr Wynn has denied wrongdoing, calling the stories "preposterous". RNC chair Ronna McDaniel told US media she had accepted his resignation. Mr Wynn has blamed his ex-wife, whom he is fighting in court, for the "slander". "The instigation of these accusations is the continued work of my ex-wife Elaine Wynn, with whom I am involved in a terrible and nasty lawsuit," the billionaire said in a statement that his public relations team sent to the BBC on Friday. What he is accused of According to the Wall Street Journal, which said it had interviewed dozens of people who worked with Mr Wynn, he is accused of engaging in a pattern of abuse in which he often harassed massage therapists while alone in his private office. The gambling industry giant paid $7.5m (£5.2m) to one manicurist who alleged she had been forced into sex by Mr Wynn, the paper claims citing court documents. Female employees would fake appointments in order to avoid seeing him, or enlist others to pretend to be their assistants in order to avoid being alone with him. Some would even hide in bathrooms or closets if they heard he was coming to their salon, the paper claimed. Democrats attack Republican 'silence' Mr Wynn is also a Republican Party donor and fundraiser. After harassment allegations were made against Hollywood executive producer Harvey Weinstein last year, Ms McDaniel and other leading Republicans called for the Democratic Party to return his donations. Now some Democrats are asking if the same rules should apply regarding allegations against Mr Wynn. The Democratic National Committee has attacked the RNC for remaining silent. In an October statement, Ms McDaniel wrote: "If Democrats and the DNC truly stand up for women like they say they do, then returning this dirty money should be a no brainer." Who is Steve Wynn? | স্টিভ উইন কেবল ক্যাসিনো জগতের একজন হোমড়া-চোমড়া ব্যক্তিই নন, তিনি রিপাবলিকান ন্যাশনাল কমিটির অর্থনীতি-বিষয়ক চেয়ারম্যান ছিলেন। তবে যৌন হয়রানির অভিযোগের মুখে তিনি সে পদ থেকে এবার সরে দাঁড়িয়েছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | This is thought to be the first time a Pakistani leader has been invited to such an event. Other leaders from the South Asia Association for Regional Co-operation (Saarc) are also on the guest list. But analysts say Mr Sharif's inclusion is of special significance given tense relations between India and Pakistan. Mr Modi, who led his BJP party to a landslide win in the recent election, will be sworn into office on 26 May. Results show the BJP won the biggest victory by any party in India for 30 years, gaining a majority in parliament and trouncing the outgoing Congress Party. On Wednesday Mr Modi Modi stood down as chief minister of the western state of Gujarat, a post he has held for 12 years. Difficult neighbours Mr Modi is seen as an uncompromising hardliner on national security issues, and his BJP party has long advocated a tough stance on Pakistan. But correspondents say his huge election victory gives him a mandate to reach out to Pakistan in a way the previous administration could not. Mr Sharif will be under pressure to attend Monday's swearing-in at the presidential palace in Delhi, the BBC's M Ilyas Khan in Islamabad reports. Last year he invited Manmohan Singh to his inauguration but his then Indian counterpart did not attend. According to Pakistan's high commission in Delhi, it has yet to receive an invitation for Mr Sharif, and analysts say is unclear how he will respond to the offer. But the very fact that an invitation is being offered by Mr Modi is being seen as a gesture of friendship - and perhaps a clever tactical move by the new Indian leader. India and Pakistan have fought three wars since independence in 1947 - and, more recently, bilateral ties suffered badly in the wake of the 2008 Mumbai attacks in which 166 people were killed by Pakistani gunmen. Relations have improved slightly under Manmohan Singh, but there are still regular skirmishes on the disputed border in Kashmir. | বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতার সুবর্ণ জয়ন্তী ও বাংলাদেশের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা রাষ্ট্রপতি শেখ মুজিবুর রহমানের জন্মশতবার্ষিকীর অনুষ্ঠানে যোগ দিতে বাংলাদেশের প্রধানমন্ত্রীর আমন্ত্রণে ঢাকায় এসেছেন ভারতের প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদী। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The whale "vigorously chased a school of salmon with her pod-mates in Haro Strait" off Canada's Vancouver Island, the Center for Whale Research said. "Her tour of grief is now over and her behaviour is remarkably frisky." Killer whales have been known to carry dead calves for a week, but scientists believe this mother "sets a record". The mother whale - known as J35 - has captivated the world's attention in the past few days. "Telephoto digital images taken from shore show that this mother whale appears to be in good physical condition," CWR said in a statement on Saturday. "The carcass has probably sunk to the bottom of these inland marine waters of the Salish Sea [between Canada and the US], and researchers may not get a chance to examine it for necropsy (autopsy of an animal)." The mother whale was first spotted carrying her dead calf on 24 July, off the shore of Vancouver Island. The calf is believed to have died the same day. The cause of death is unknown. Both Canada and the US list the Southern Resident killer whale as endangered. The whales depend on Chinook salmon - which have been in dramatic decline in recent years - for food. | বিজ্ঞানীদের মতে সমুদ্রে অন্তত ১,০০০ মাইল (১,৬০০ কিলোমিটার) বহন করার পর অবশেষে মৃত নবজাতককে বহন করা বন্ধ করলো তিমি। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | It shows men said to be Saudi intelligence officers entering and leaving Turkey via Istanbul airport. Mr Khashoggi, a US resident and critic of the Saudi monarchy, entered the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October and has not been seen since. Turkish authorities say Mr Khashoggi was killed. Saudi Arabia denies this. On Wednesday US President Donald Trump said he wanted to "get to the bottom" of the case, adding: "We cannot let this happen to reporters, to anybody." He said the situation was "serious" and wished to invite Mr Khashoggi's fiancée, Hatice Cengiz, to the White House. What else does the video show? Broadcast by Turkey's TRT World channel and apparently garnered from security cameras, the footage shows vehicles driving up to the consulate, including black vans thought to be central to inquiries. Groups of Saudi men are seen entering Turkey via Istanbul airport, checking in at hotels and later leaving the country. Turkish investigators are looking into two Saudi Gulfstream jets that landed at the airport on 2 October. The video shows aircraft waiting on the tarmac. Mr Khashoggi was visiting the consulate to finalise his divorce so he could marry Ms Cengiz. He is seen on the video entering the consulate. His fiancée waits outside. Turkey's Sabah newspaper reports that it has identified 15 members of an intelligence team it says was involved in the Saudi's disappearance. Among them was a forensics expert, it says. The BBC's Mark Lowen says one of the men was once posted to London. Police are reported to be examining 150 security cameras as part of their investigation. Some local media have also been reporting that Mr Khashoggi may have been abducted rather than killed. Turkey says it will conduct a search of the Istanbul consulate, while Saudi Arabia's foreign ministry said the country was "open to co-operation" and a search of the building could go ahead. Ankara is demanding that Saudi Arabia prove Mr Khashoggi left the building, while not providing definitive evidence to support the claim he was killed inside. Who is Jamal Khashoggi? A critic of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Mr Khashoggi was living in self-imposed exile in the US and writing opinion pieces for the Washington Post before his disappearance. A former editor of the al-Watan newspaper and a short-lived Saudi TV news channel, he was for years seen as close to the Saudi royal family. He served as an adviser to senior Saudi officials. But after several of his friends were arrested, his column was cancelled by the al-Hayat newspaper and he was allegedly warned to stop tweeting, Mr Khashoggi left Saudi Arabia for the US. What has the international reaction been? The UK's foreign secretary has told Saudi Arabia that Britain expects urgent answers over the disappearance of Mr Khashoggi. In a phone call to Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir, Jeremy Hunt warned that "friendships depend on shared values". US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo called on Saudi Arabia to "support a thorough investigation" of his disappearance and "to be transparent about the results". UN experts have demanded a "prompt independent and international investigation" into his disappearance. Last week, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed told Bloomberg News that his government was "very keen to know what happened to him", and that Mr Khashoggi had left "after a few minutes or one hour". Crown Prince Mohammed's brother and the Saudi ambassador to the US, Prince Khaled bin Salman al-Saud, has insisted all the reports about his disappearance or death "are completely false and baseless". Campaign group Reporters without Borders has called for an independent international investigation into Mr Khashoggi's disappearance. The group says more than 15 journalists and bloggers have been arrested in Saudi Arabia since September 2017. How has Khashoggi's fiancee reacted? Hatice Cengiz has appealed to the US for help in an emotional article in the Washington Post. "I implore President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump to help shed light on Jamal's disappearance," she wrote. "We were in the middle of making wedding plans, life plans," when he vanished, she said. "Jamal is a valuable person, an exemplary thinker and a courageous man who has been fighting for his principles. I don't know how I can keep living if he was abducted or killed in Turkey." | তুরস্কের গণমাধ্যমে কিছু সিসিটিভি ফুটেজ প্রচারিত হয়েছে যাতে সৌদি ভিন্নমতাবলম্বী ও সাংবাদিক জামাল খাশোগির নিখোঁজ হওয়ার ষড়যন্ত্রের প্রমাণ রয়েছে বলে দাবি করা হচ্ছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Pablo UchoaBBC World Service Now imagine a dystopian version of the same future in which hackers hijack these memories and threaten to erase them if you don't pay a ransom. It might sound far-fetched, but this scenario could be closer than you think. Opening up the brain Advances in the field of neurotechnology have brought us closer to boosting and enhancing our memories, and in a few decades we could also be able to manipulate, decode and re-write them. The technologies likely to underpin these developments are brain implants which are quickly becoming a common tool for neurosurgeons. They deliver deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat a wide array of conditions, such as tremors, Parkinson's, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in around 150,000 people worldwide. They even show the potential to control diabetes and tackle obesity. The technology is also increasingly being investigated for treating depression, dementia, Tourette's syndrome and other psychiatric conditions. And, though still in its early stages, researchers are exploring how to treat memory disorders such as those caused by traumatic events. The US Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has a programme to develop and test a "wireless, fully implantable neural interface" to help restore memory loss in soldiers affected by traumatic brain injury. Mental superpowers "I wouldn't be at all surprised if there is a commercially available memory implant within the next 10 years or so - we are talking about this kind of timeframe," says Laurie Pycroft, a researcher with the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences at the University of Oxford. In 20 years' time, the technology may evolve enough to allow us to capture the signals that build our memories, boost them, and return them to the brain. By the middle of the century, we may have even more extensive control, with the ability to manipulate memories. 'Brainjacking' But the consequences of control falling into the wrong hands could be "very grave", says Mr Pycroft. Imagine a hacker has broken into the neurostimulator of a patient with Parkinson's disease and is tampering with the settings. They could influence his or her thoughts and behaviour, or even cause temporary paralysis. A hacker could also threaten to erase or overwrite someone's memories if money is not paid to them - perhaps via the dark web. If scientists successfully decode the neural signals of our memories, then the scenarios are infinite. Think of the valuable intelligence foreign hackers could collect by breaking into the servers of the Washington DC veterans' hospital, for example. In a 2012 experiment, researchers from the University of Oxford and University of California, Berkeley managed to figure out information such as bank cards and PIN numbers just by observing the brainwaves of people wearing a popular gaming headset. Controlling your past "Brainjacking and malicious memory alteration pose a variety of challenges to security - some quite novel or unique," says Dmitry Galov, a researcher at the cyber-security company Kaspersky Lab. Kaspersky and University of Oxford researchers have collaborated on a project to map the potential threats and means of attack concerning these emerging technologies. "Even at today's level of development - which is more advanced than many people realise - there is a clear tension between patient safety and patient security," says their report, The Memory Market: Preparing for a future where cyberthreats target your past. It is not impossible to imagine future authoritarian governments trying to rewrite history by interfering with people's memories, and even uploading new memories, the report says. "If we accept that this technology will exist, we could be able to change people's behaviour. If they are behaving in a way that we don't want them to, we can stop them by stimulating the part of the brain that sparks bad emotions," Mr Galov tells the BBC. Carson Martinez, health policy fellow at the Future of Privacy Forum, says: "It is not unimaginable to think that memory-enhancing brain implants may become a reality in the future. Memory modification? That sounds more like speculation than fact." But she admits: "While the threats of brainjacking may not be imminent, it is important that we consider them and work to prevent their materialisation." Even the idea of brainjacking "could chill patient trust in medical devices that are connected to a network", she warns. Unauthorised access Hacking into connected medical devices is not a new threat. In 2017, US authorities recalled 465,000 pacemakers after considering them vulnerable to cyber-security attacks. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said ill-intentioned people could tamper with the devices, changing the pace of someone's heartbeat or draining the batteries, with the risk of death in either scenario. No harm was done, but the FDA said: "As medical devices become increasingly interconnected via the internet, hospital networks, other medical devices, and smartphones, there is an increased risk of exploitation of cyber-security vulnerabilities, some of which could affect how a medical device operates." This is a problem for many medical areas and Kaspersky believes that, in the future, more devices will be connected and remotely monitored by machine. Doctors will only be called in to take over in situations of emergency. Cyber defences Fortunately, reinforcing cyber-security early in the design and planning of the devices can mitigate most of the risks. "Encryption, identity and access management, patching and updating the security of these devices, will all be vital to keeping these devices secure and maintaining patient trust in them," says Ms Martinez. Clinicians and patients need to be educated on how to take precautions, thinks Mr Galov - setting strong passwords will be key. More Technology of Business Humans represent "one of the greatest vulnerabilities" because we can't ask doctors to become cyber-security experts, and "any system is only as secure as its weakest part". Mr Pycroft says that in the future, brain implants will be more complex and more widely used to treat a broader range of conditions. But he gives a stark warning. "The confluence of these factors is likely to make it easier and more attractive for attackers to try to interfere with people's implants," he says. "If we don't develop solutions for that first generation of implants, then the second and third generations will still be insecure - but the implants will be so much more powerful that the attackers will have the advantage." | কল্পনা করুন যে, আপনি ইন্সটাগ্রামের ফিডের মতো আপনার স্মৃতিগুলো স্ক্রল করে দেখছেন। বিশদভাবে দেখছেন জীবনের পছন্দের মুহূর্তগুলো কিংবা ফিরিয়ে আনছেন প্রিয় মানুষদের স্মৃতি। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Megha MohanBBC World Service For almost 10 years Lee So Yeon slept on the bottom bunk bed, in a room she shared with more than two dozen women. Every woman was given a small set of drawers in which to store their uniforms. On top of those drawers each kept two framed photographs. One was of North Korea's founder Kim Il-sung. The second was of his now deceased heir, Kim Jong-il. It was more than a decade ago that she left, but she retains vivid memories of the smell of the concrete barracks. "We sweat quite a bit. "The mattress we sleep on, it's made of the rice hull. So all the body odour seeps into the mattress. It's not made of cotton. Because it's rice hull, all the odour from sweat and other smells are there. It's not pleasant." One of the reasons for this was the state of the washing facilities. "As a woman, one of the toughest things is that we can't shower properly," says Lee So Yeon. "Because there is no hot water. They connect a hose to the mountain stream and have water directly from the hose. "We would get frogs and snakes through the hose." The daughter of a university professor, So Yeon, now 41, grew up in the north of the country. Many male members of her family had been soldiers, and when famine devastated the country in the 1990s she volunteered - motivated by the thought of a guaranteed meal each day. Thousands of other young women did the same. "The famine resulted in a particularly vulnerable time for women in North Korea," says Jieun Baek, author of North Korea's Hidden Revolution. "More women had to enter the labour force and more were subject to mistreatment, particularly harassment and sexual violence." Trusting defectors Juliette Morillot and Jieun Baek say Lee So Yeon's testimony accords with other accounts they have heard, but warn that defectors have to be treated with caution. "There is such a high demand for knowledge from North Korea," says Baek. "It almost incentivises people to tell exaggerated tales to the media, especially if that comes with nice pay cheque. A lot of defectors who don't want to be in the media are very critical of 'career defectors'. It's worth keeping this in mind." Information from official North Korean sources, on the other hand, is liable to be pure propaganda. Lee So Yeon was not paid for her interview with the BBC. To begin with, buoyed by a sense of patriotism and collective endeavour, the 17-year-old Lee So Yeon enjoyed her life in the army. She was impressed with her allocated hairdryer, although infrequent electricity meant she had little use for it. Daily routines for men and women were roughly the same. Women tended to have slightly shorter physical training regimes - but they were also required to perform daily chores such as cleaning, and cooking that male soldiers were exempted from. "North Korea is a traditional male-dominated society and traditional gender roles remain," says Juliette Morillot, author of North Korea in 100 questions, published in French. "Women are still seen ttukong unjeongsu, which literally translates as 'cooking pot lid drivers', and means that they should 'stay in the kitchen where they belong'." The hard training and dwindling food rations took their toll on the bodies of Lee So Yeon and her fellow recruits. "After six months to a year of service, we wouldn't menstruate any more because of malnutrition and the stressful environment," she says. "The female soldiers were saying that they are glad that they are not having periods. They were saying that they were glad because the situation is so bad if they were having periods too that would have been worse." Who defects? So Yeon says that the army failed to make provision for menstruation, during her time in the military, and that she and other female colleagues often had no choice but to reuse sanitary pads. "Women to this day still use the traditional white cotton pads," says Juliette Morillot. "They have to be washed every night when out of men's sight, so women get up early and wash them." And having just returned from a field visit where she spoke to several female soldiers, Morillot confirms that they often do miss their periods. "One of the girls I spoke with, who was 20, told me she trained so much that she had skipped her periods for two years," she says. Though Lee So Yeon joined the army voluntarily, in 2015 it was announced that all women in North Korea must do seven years' military service from the age of 18. At the same time North Korea's government took the unusual step of saying it would distribute a premium female sanitary brand called Daedong in most female units. "This may have been a way to atone for conditions of the past," says Jieun Baek. "That statement may have been to overcorrect for this well-known phenomenon that conditions for women used to be bad. It may have been a way to boost morale and get more women to think, 'Wow, we will be taken care of.'" A premium cosmetic brand Pyongyang Products was also recently distributed to several female aviation units, following a call by Kim Jong-un in 2016 for North Korean beauty products to compete with global brands like Lancome, Chanel and Christian Dior. Despite this, female soldiers stationed in the countryside don't always have access to private toilets, with some telling Morillot they often have to relieve themselves in front of men, making them feel especially vulnerable. Military service in North Korea Sexual harassment, say both Baek and Morillot, is rife. Morillot says that when she broached the subject of rape in the army with serving female soldiers, "most women said it happens to others". None said they had experienced it personally. Lee So Yeon also says that she was not raped during her time in the army between 1992 and 2001, but that many of her comrades were. "The company commander would stay in his room at the unit after hours and rape the female soldiers under his command. This would happen over and over without an end." North Korea's military says that it takes sexual abuse seriously, with a jail sentence of up to seven years for men found guilty of rape. "But most of the time nobody is willing to testify. So men often go unpunished," says Juliette Morillot. She adds that silence about sexual abuse in the army is rooted in the "patriarchal attitudes of North Korean society" - the same attitudes that ensure that women in the army do most of the chores. Women from poor backgrounds recruited into construction brigades, and housed in informal small barracks or huts, are especially insecure, she says. "Domestic violence is still widely accepted, and not reported, so it is the same in the army. But I should really stress the fact that you have the same kind of culture (of harassment) in the South Korean army." Lee So Yeon, who served as a sergeant in a signals unit close to the South Korean border, finally left the army at the age of 28. She was relieved to have the chance to spend more time with her family, but also felt she wasn't equipped for life outside the military and struggled financially. It was in 2008 that she decided to escape to South Korea. At the first attempt she was caught at the border with China and sent to a prison camp for a year. On her second attempt, shortly after leaving prison, she swam the Tumen river and crossed into China. There, at the border, she had a rendezvous with a broker, who arranged for her to move through China to South Korea. Listen to BBC Outlook A Woman Inside North Korea's Army | বিশ্বের চতুর্থ বৃহত্তম সেনাবাহিনীতে একজন নারী সৈনিকের জীবন এতটাই কঠিন যে খুব তাড়াতাড়ি তাদের বেশির ভাগের মাসিক ঋতুস্রাব পর্যন্ত বন্ধ হয়ে যায়। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | They are said to have been shot dead by family members earlier this week in a village on the border of the North and South Waziristan tribal districts. The murders came after a video appeared on social media showing the girls with a young man, police said. Two men were reportedly arrested on Sunday in connection with the case. The two men were the father of one of the victims and brother of the other victim, police officials told BBC Urdu. The incident is said to have taken place on Thursday afternoon at Shamplan village, in Garyom region on the border between North and South Waziristan districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, according to police. The reason behind the killings of the two girls, aged 16 and 18, is believed to be a video, provided to the BBC, which shows a young man recording himself with three young girls in a secluded area outdoors. It appeared the video was shot nearly a year ago and most probably went viral on social media a few weeks ago, a senior police official told Dawn newspaper. "At the moment, our topmost priority is to secure the life of the third girl and the man before taking any action," the officer said. Human Rights Watch says that violence against women and girls remains a serious problem in Pakistan. Activists believe about 1,000 such "honour killing" murders are carried out across the country every year. What is an 'honour killing'? It is the killing of a member of a family who is perceived to have brought dishonour upon relatives. Pressure group Human Rights Watch says the most common reasons are that the victim: But killings can be carried out for more trivial reasons, like dressing in a way deemed inappropriate or displaying behaviour seen as disobedient. | পাকিস্তানে ইন্টারনেটে ছড়িয়ে পড়া একটি ভিডিওকে কেন্দ্র করে হয়েছে অনার কিলিং, মেরে ফেলা হয়েছে দুই কিশোরীকে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | They also show how Russian oligarchs have used banks to avoid sanctions that were supposed to stop them getting their money into the West. It's the latest in a string of leaks over the past five years that have exposed secret deals, money laundering and financial crime. What are the FinCEN files? The FinCEN files are more than 2,500 documents, most of which were files that banks sent to the US authorities between 2000 and 2017. They raise concerns about what their clients might be doing. These documents are some of the international banking system's most closely guarded secrets. Banks use them to report suspicious behaviour but they are not proof of wrongdoing or crime. They were leaked to Buzzfeed News and shared with a group that brings together investigative journalists from around the world, which distributed them to 108 news organisations in 88 countries, including the BBC's Panorama programme. Hundreds of journalists have been sifting through the dense, technical documentation, uncovering some of the activities that banks would prefer the public not to know about. 2,657documents including 2,121 Suspicious Activity Reports Two acronyms you need to know FinCEN is the US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. These are the people at the US Treasury who combat financial crime. Concerns about transactions made in US dollars need to be sent to FinCEN, even if they took place outside the US. Suspicious activity reports, or SARs, are an example of how those concerns are recorded. A bank must fill in one of these reports if it is worried one of its clients might be up to no good. The report is sent to the authorities. Why does this matter? If you are planning to profit from a criminal enterprise, one of the most important things to have in place is a way of laundering the money. Laundering money is the process of taking dirty money - the proceeds of crimes such as drug dealing or corruption - and getting it into an account at a respected bank where it will not be linked with the crime. The same process is needed if you are a Russian oligarch whom Western countries have taken sanctions against to stop you getting your money into the West. Banks are supposed to make sure they don't help clients to launder money or move it around in ways that break the rules. By law, they have to know who their clients are - it's not enough to file SARs and keep taking dirty money from clients while expecting the authorities to deal with the problem. If they have evidence of criminal activity they should stop moving the cash. Fergus Shiel from the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) said the leaked files were an "insight into what banks know about the vast flows of dirty money across the globe". He said the documents also highlighted the extraordinarily large amounts of money involved. The documents in the FinCEN files cover about $2tn of transactions and they are only a tiny proportion of the SARs submitted over the period. What has been revealed? Why is this leak different? There have been a number of big leaks of financial information in recent years, including: The FinCEN papers are different because they are not just documents from one or two companies - they come from a number of banks. They highlight a range of potentially suspicious activity involving companies and individuals and also raise questions about why the banks which had noticed this activity did not always act on their concerns. Once a bank has filed a report to the authorities, it is very difficult to prosecute it or its executives, even if it carries on helping with the suspicious activities and collecting the fees. FinCEN said the leak could impact on US national security, compromise investigations, and threaten the safety of institutions and individuals who file the reports. But last week it announced proposals to overhaul its anti-money laundering programmes. The UK has also unveiled plans to reform its register of company information to clamp down on fraud and money laundering. | দুই লাখ কোটি ডলারের লেন-দেনের এমন কিছু গোপন দলিল ফাঁস হয়েছে, যাতে দেখা যাচ্ছে বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে বড় বড় কিছু ব্যাংক কীভাবে অপরাধীদেরকে বিশ্বজুড়ে কালো টাকা পাচার করতে দিয়েছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | He said a war between the two would be "the most entertaining", adding "it would also be the longest war of all time - another dance number!" The gag, in an episode of The Daily Show, caused most anger in India where thousands poured fury onto Twitter. India and Pakistan have fought two wars and a limited conflict over Kashmir. Both countries claim all of Kashmir, but each controls only part of it. The events of the past two weeks has seen an almost unprecedented escalation, which culminated in Pakistan shooting down an Indian fighter jet and capturing an Indian pilot - they later released him. Shelling over the de facto border dividing Kashmir continued over the weekend, resulting in civilian casualties on both sides. How did the row unfold? After Noah's Daily Show appearance last week, criticism built up online which saw the South African comedian condemned as "racist" and "insensitive". When one Twitter user accused him of mocking "war through a Bollywood stereotype", Noah responded with an explanation of his comedy process - but also said "I am sorry that this hurt you and others, that's not what I was trying to do". He said that he used comedy to "process pain and discomfort", pointing out that he had even made jokes about his mother being shot in the head. He followed up by saying that he was amazed that his joke over the conflict "trended more than the actual conflict itself". That sentiment also clearly struck a chord. Some users said the outrage that trended over his jokes was "unnecessary", and just another example of the social media echo chamber that amplifies all offence. On The Daily Show's own YouTube page, some expressed dismay but many chimed in to say they found the segment funny. Twitter is the social media platform where political controversy in India tends to play out - and so this is where offence escalated most. In addition, there isn't a well established tradition of political satire in India, so Noah's comedy was bound to have its detractors. A Facebook page called Humans of Hindutva became notorious in India for poking fun at political leaders and parties. It amassed a large following quickly - but was also seen as very controversial in India and felt compelled to pause its satire. Indian celebrities have also been castigated for taking a political stand - and sometimes, for not taking one. Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra's recent tweet in support of the Indian air force has now spurred a petition in Pakistan against her, calling on Unicef to strip her of her Goodwill Ambassador title. How did the Kashmir conflict escalate? On 26 February, India carried out air strikes on what it said was a militant camp in Pakistan in retaliation for a suicide bombing that killed at least 40 Indian troops in Indian-administered Kashmir on 14 February. A Pakistan-based group said it carried out the attack - the deadliest to take place during a three-decade insurgency against Indian rule in Kashmir. Pakistan - which denies any involvement in the 14 February attack - said it had no choice but to retaliate with air strikes last week. That led to a dogfight and an Indian fighter jet being shot down in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The fighter pilot, who was captured by Pakistan, was released on 1 March and arrived in India, where he has been hailed as a hero. | ভারত-পাকিস্তান উত্তেজনা নিয়ে করা মন্তব্যের জন্য দুঃখ প্রকাশ করেছেন জনপ্রিয় কমেডিয়ান ট্রেভর নোয়াহ। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | A photograph of Nyima Tenzin was kept in the corner of his house, surrounded by warm light spilling from oil lamps. The hum of prayers continued in the next room, where family members, relatives and Buddhist monks were chanting. Days earlier, the 51-year-old soldier had died in a landmine blast near Pangong Tso Lake in the Himalayan region of Ladakh, where Indian and Chinese troops have been facing off in recent months. Sources in the Indian army told the BBC that he was killed by an old mine left from the 1962 war the two countries fought. "On 30 August, around 10:30 in the night, I got a call, saying he was injured," Tenzin's brother, Namdakh, recalled. "They did not tell me that he had died. A friend confirmed the news to me later." Tenzin, his family told the BBC, had been a member of the Special Frontier Force (SFF), a covert military unit largely comprising Tibetan refugees. It reportedly has about 3,500 soldiers. Tenzin was a refugee too and he had served in the force for more than 30 years, his family said. Little is known about the SFF, whose existence has never been officially acknowledged by Indian officials. But it's also a well-known secret, familiar to military and foreign policy experts as well as journalists who cover the region. Yet, Tenzin's death - in the last weekend of August amid rising tensions between India and China - prompted the first public acknowledgement of Tibetans' role in the Indian military. The people of Leh, the capital of Ladakh where Tenzin lived, and the Tibetan community came together to bid him farewell in a grand funeral, complete with military honours, including a 21-gun salute. Senior BJP leader Ram Madhav attended the funeral and placed a wreath on Tenzin's coffin, which was draped in the flags of India and Tibet and was carried to his home in an army truck. Mr Madhav even tweeted, describing Tenzin as a member of the SFF and "a Tibetan who laid down his life protecting" India's borders in Ladakh. He later deleted the tweet in which he also referred to an Indo-Tibet border rather than an Indo-China border. Although the government and the army made no official statement, the funeral was widely reported in national media, which interpreted it as a "sharp signal" and a "strong message" to Beijing. "Till now this [the SFF] was a secret, but it has been acknowledged now and I am very happy," said Namdakh Tenzin. "Anyone who serves should be named and supported. "We fought in 1971, which was kept a secret, then in 1999 we fought Pakistan in Kargil, that was also kept a secret. But now for the first time it has been acknowledged. This makes me so happy." The SFF, experts say, was created after the 1962 war between India and China. "The aim was to recruit Tibetans who had fled to India, and had high altitude guerrilla warfare experience, or were part of Chushi Gandruk, a guerrilla Tibetan force, which fought China till the early 1960s," said Kalsang Rinchen, a Tibetan journalist and filmmaker, whose documentary Phantoms of Chittagong is based on extensive interviews with former SFF troops. In 1959, after a failed anti-Chinese uprising, the 14th Dalai Lama fled Tibet and set up a government in exile in India, where he continues to live. Tens of thousands of Tibetans followed him into exile and sought asylum in India. India's support f the Dalai Lama, and the refugees who came with him, quickly became a source of friction between the two countries. India's humiliating defeat in 1962 added to the tension. BN Mullik, the then chief of Indian intelligence, is reported to have set up the SFF with the help of the CIA. The extent of Washington's role is disputed - while some sources say it was a purely Indian initiative with "full endorsement" from the US, others say that some 12,000 Tibetans were trained by US special forces and partly funded by the US. "Most of the training was given by Americans," Jampa, a Tibetan refugee, who joined the SFF in 1962, told the BBC. "There was one guy from the CIA who spoke in broken Hindi - he trained four of our men who understood Hindi as most of us didn't know Hindi. Then those four men trained others." The force only recruited Tibetans initially but later expanded to include non-Tibetans. Throughout, experts say, the force has reported directly to the federal cabinet and is always headed by a high-ranking official from the army. "The primary motive was to fight China covertly and gather intelligence," Mr Rinchen said. The Chinese deny any knowledge of the SFF. "I'm not aware of Tibetans in exile in the Indian armed forces. You may ask the Indian side for this," Chinese spokesperson Hua Chunying said in a recent press conference. "China's position is very clear. We firmly oppose any country providing convenience in any form for Tibet independence forces' separatist activities," she added. Beijing still governs Tibet as an autonomous region of China. And its relations with India have worsened since June when border clashes between the two sides left 20 Indian soldiers dead. India said Chinese soldiers also died in the clash but Beijing has not commented on this. The cause of the decades-long tension is the poorly demarcated border between the two countries - it cuts through miles of inhospitable terrain. "It's an odd situation for India," says professor Dibyesh Anand, head of the School of Social Science at the University of Westminster. "India has essentially indicated to China that it will use Tibetans against them, but officially they will not say that." "We did everything the Indian army does, but we never got the usual military honours or acknowledgement - it still makes me sad," Mr Jampa, the former SFF fighter, said. It's hard to say what impact India's recent subtle acknowledgement of the SFF will have on its relations with China. But the tensions between the neighbours certainly worry more than 90,000 Tibetans in India, many of whom still hope to return to Tibet some day. But India feels like home too. "We all feel proud that Tenzin gave his life for two of our countries - India and Tibet," said his brother-in-law, Tudup Tashi. You may also be interested in: | কয়েক দশক ধরে পাহাড়ি উচ্চতায় যুদ্ধ করার জন্য ভারত তিব্বতী শরণার্থীদের 'গোপন' এক ইউনিটে নিয়োগ করছে। সম্প্রতি বাহিনীর এরকম একজন সৈন্যর মৃত্যুর পর এই ইউনিট নিয়ে ব্যাপক আলোচনা হচ্ছে বলে জানাচ্ছেন বিবিসির সংবাদদাতা আমির পীরজাদা। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Junaid Hafeez, 33, was arrested in March 2013 and accused of posting derogatory comments about the Prophet Muhammad on social media. Allegations of blasphemy are taken very seriously in Pakistan, and even an accusation is often enough to make someone a target for hardliners. Mr Hafeez's first lawyer, Rashid Rehman, was shot dead in 2014 after agreeing to take on the case. The lecturer has also spent years in solitary confinement, after repeated attacks by other prisoners. The sentence was delivered by a court in the Central Jail in Multan, where Mr Hafeez was being held. Mr Hafeez had studied a Master's degree in the US on a Fulbright Scholarship, specialising in American literature, photography and theatre. After returning to Pakistan he took up a lecturer position at Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) in Multan, where he worked until his arrest. Mr Hafeez's current counsel said the verdict was "most unfortunate", and told AFP news agency that they would appeal against the decision. Prosecution lawyers, meanwhile, distributed sweets to their colleagues, who chanted "Allahu akbar" and "death to blasphemers". Amnesty International said the verdict was "a gross miscarriage of justice" and described it as "extremely disappointing and surprising". What are Pakistan's blasphemy laws? Pakistan's blasphemy laws carry strict sentences, including death, for anyone who insults Islam. The offences relating to religion were first codified by India's British rulers in 1860, and were expanded in 1927. Pakistan inherited these laws when it came into existence after the partition of India in 1947. These early laws made it a crime to disturb a religious assembly, trespass on burial grounds, insult religious beliefs or to intentionally destroy or defile a place or an object of worship. Under these laws, the maximum punishment ranged from one to 10 years in jail. But between 1980 and 1986, a number of clauses were added by the military government of General Zia-ul Haq. Gen Haq wanted to "Islamicise" them and also legally to separate the Ahmadi community, declared non-Muslim in 1973, from the main body of Pakistan's overwhelmingly Muslim population. The new clauses made it illegal to make derogatory remarks against Islamic personages, introduced life sentences for "wilful" desecration of the Koran, and later, introduced the death penalty or life imprisonment for blasphemy against the Prophet Muhammad. About 40 people are currently on death row for blasphemy - although so far, no executions for blasphemy have been carried out. The blasphemy laws have been under the spotlight internationally after Asia Bibi, a Pakistani Christian who spent eight years on death row, was freed from prison last year, following a Supreme Court decision which overturned her conviction. Her release sparked riots, and she had to seek safety in another country. | পাকিস্তানে ধর্ম অবমাননার দায়ে এক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্রভাষককে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দেয়া হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Bulgaria, Denmark and Norway are among the countries that have paused its use. But on Friday a WHO spokeswoman said there was no link between the jab and an increased risk of developing a clot. Margaret Harris said it was an "excellent vaccine" and should continue to be used. Around 5 million Europeans have already received the AstraZeneca jab. There have been about 30 cases in Europe of "thromboembolic events" - or developing blood clots - after the vaccine was administered. There were also reports that a 50-year-old man had died in Italy after developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The WHO is investigating the reports, as it does any safety questions, Ms Harris said. But no causal relationship had been established between the shot and the health problems reported, she said. On Friday, AstraZeneca said the recorded number of blood clots in vaccinated people was "significantly lower... than would be expected among the general population". "An analysis of our safety data of more than 10 million records has shown no evidence of an increased risk of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis," a spokesperson said. Bulgaria's decision to pause its rollout followed similar steps by Denmark, Iceland and Norway as well as Thailand. Italy and Austria have stopped using certain batches of the drug as a precautionary measure. The European Medicines Agency, the EU's medicines regulator, said earlier there was no indication the jab was causing the blood clots. Other countries, including the UK, Germany, Australia and Mexico, have said they are continuing their rollout. No evidence of a link While vast numbers of people are being vaccinated at pace around the world, some of them will still get sick with other things unrelated to the vaccine. These pauses for the AstraZeneca vaccine are not because it is unsafe to give. It's to allow time for experts to explore why a small number of people who were recently give the shot also developed blood clots. When an illness occurs shortly after vaccination, it is right to question whether the shot might have contributed in any way. There is no indication or evidence, however, that the vaccine was linked or responsible. In the UK, more than 11 million people have already received at least one dose of the vaccine and there has been no sign of excess deaths or blood clots occurring. Europe's drug regulator has also backed the vaccine, saying its benefits are clear. Covid can be deadly and vaccination saves lives. Germany's Health Minister Jens Spahn said he disagreed with the countries suspending the vaccinations. "From what we know so far, the benefit... is far greater than the risk," he said. The temporary suspensions come as a setback for a European vaccination campaign that has stuttered into life, partly due to delays in delivery of the doses. In the latest upset, Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz complained that the EU was not distributing coronavirus vaccines fairly among member states - according to population size, as agreed. He said some countries were striking side deals with vaccine makers instead of leaving procurement to the European Commission. The German health ministry acknowledged in January that Germany had signed a deal for 30 million doses with Pfizer BioNTech in September. Also on Friday, the WHO approved Johnson & Johnson's single-shot vaccine. It followed EU approval which was given on Thursday, while regulators in the United States, Canada and South Africa have also backed the drug. What's the situation in Europe? After cases declined in recent months, several European countries are now seeing a resurgence of the virus. France, Italy, Poland and Turkey have seen the highest numbers in recent weeks. The whole of Italy is braced to enter the country's strictest lockdown measures over the Easter weekend, 3 to 5 April. Under rules set to be confirmed by the government, residents will only be allowed to leave home for work, health reasons, essential shopping or emergencies. All non-essential shops will be closed as will bars and restaurants. School lessons must be held online. The total number of deaths in Italy rose to 100,000 on Monday - the highest toll in Europe after the UK. Officials say infection rates are rising as new variants of the virus take hold. | বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা বলছে অ্যাস্ট্রাজেনেকার ভ্যাকসিন থেকে রক্ত জমাট বেঁধে যাওয়ার সত্যতা সম্পর্কে কোন প্রমাণ নেই এবং কোন দেশের কোভিড-১৯এর এই টিকা দেয়া বন্ধ করা উচিত নয়। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Speaking in Geneva, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said the Spanish flu of 1918 had taken two years to overcome. But he added that current advances in technology could enable the world to halt the virus "in a shorter time". "Of course with more connectiveness, the virus has a better chance of spreading," he said. "But at the same time, we have also the technology to stop it, and the knowledge to stop it," he noted, stressing the importance of "national unity, global solidarity". The flu of 1918 killed at least 50 million people. Coronavirus has so far killed 800,000 people. Nearly 23 million infections have been recorded but the number of people who have actually had the virus is thought to be much higher due to inadequate testing and asymptomatic cases. Prof Sir Mark Walport, a member of the UK's Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (Sage) - on Saturday said that Covid-19 was "going to be with us forever in some form or another". "So, a bit like flu, people will need re-vaccination at regular intervals," he told the BBC. In Geneva, Dr Tedros said corruption related to supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the pandemic was "unacceptable", describing it as "murder". "If health workers work without PPE, we're risking their lives. And that also risks the lives of the people they serve," he added, in response to a question. Although the question related to allegations of corruption in South Africa, a number of countries have faced similar issues. On Friday, protests were held in the Kenyan capital Nairobi over alleged corruption during the pandemic, while doctors from a number of the city's public hospitals went on strike over unpaid wages and a lack of protective equipment. The same day, the head of the WHO's health emergencies programme warned the scale of the coronavirus outbreak in Mexico was "clearly under-recognised". Dr Mike Ryan said the equivalent of around three people per 100,000 were being tested in Mexico, compared with about 150 per 100,000 people in the US. Mexico has the third highest number of deaths in the world, with almost 60,000 fatalities recorded since the pandemic began, according to Johns Hopkins University. In the US, Democratic nominee Joe Biden pledged to introduce a national mandate to wear masks if elected, and attacked President Donald Trump's handling of the pandemic. "Our current president's failed in his most basic duty to the nation. He's failed to protect us. He's failed to protect America," Mr Biden said. More than 1,000 new deaths were announced in the US on Friday, bringing the total number of fatalities to 173,490. What's happening elsewhere? On Friday, a number of countries announced their highest numbers of new cases in months. South Korea recorded 324 new cases - its highest single-day total since March. As with its previous outbreak, the new infections have been linked to churches, and museums, nightclubs and karaoke bars have now been closed in and around the capital Seoul in response. A number of European countries are also seeing rises. Poland and Slovakia both announced record new daily infections on Friday, with 903 and 123 cases respectively, while Spain and France have seen dramatic increases in recent days. In Lebanon, a two-week partial lockdown - including a night-time curfew - has come into effect as the country saw its highest number of cases since the pandemic began. Infections have doubled since a devastating blast in the capital Beirut killed at least 178 people and injured thousands more on 4 August. The disaster left an estimated 300,000 people homeless and placed massive strain on medical facilities. In Africa, the average daily cases of coronavirus fell last week, in what the head of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr John Nkengasong, described as a "sign of hope". The continent-wide daily average was 10,300 last week, down from 11,000 the week before. | দুই বছরের মধ্যে করোনাভাইরাস মহামারির শেষ হয়ে যাবে বলে আশা প্রকাশ করেছেন বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থার মহাপরিচালক টেড্রোস অ্যাধনম ঘেব্রেইয়েসাস। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | In a televised speech, he urged world leaders to protect Muslims "if there is oppression against Muslims in France". Mr Erdogan has angrily criticised French President Emmanuel Macron for pledging to defend secularism against radical Islam. It comes after a teacher was killed for showing Prophet Muhammad cartoons. Samuel Paty was beheaded on 16 October by 18-year-old Abdullakh Anzorov outside Paris, after presenting the images to his pupils during a class about freedom of speech. Mr Macron has paid tribute to Mr Paty, and said France "will not give up our cartoons". Depictions of the Prophet Muhammad are widely regarded as taboo in Islam, and are offensive to many Muslims. But state secularism - or laïcité - is central to France's national identity. Curbing freedom of expression to protect the feelings of one particular community undermines unity, the state says. What's the dispute about? Mr Erdogan called for the boycott in a televised speech on Monday. "Never give credit to French-labelled goods, don't buy them," he said in the capital Ankara. He said Muslims are now "subjected to a lynch campaign similar to that against Jews in Europe before World War II", adding that "European leaders should tell the French president to stop his hate campaign". Over the weekend, Mr Erdogan said Mr Macron needed a mental health check for speaking out so forcefully on Islam - comments that caused France to recall its ambassador to Turkey for consultations. It came after Mr Macron pledged to defend secularism and tackle radical Islam in the wake of the killing of Mr Paty. Two weeks before the attack, Mr Macron described Islam as a religion "in crisis" and announced new measures to tackle what he called "Islamist separatism". France has Western Europe's largest Muslim population, and some accuse the authorities of using secularism to target them. What's been the reaction? European leaders have come out in support of France. Germany expressed "solidarity" with Mr Macron after the Turkish president's comments, with government spokesman Steffen Seibert calling the remarks "defamatory" and "completely unacceptable" and foreign minister Heiko Maas calling Mr Erdogan's personal attacks "a particular low point". Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte said the Netherlands "stands firmly with France and for the collective values of the European Union", while Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte also expressed his "full solidarity" with Mr Macron. "Personal insults do not help the positive agenda that the EU wants to pursue with Turkey," he wrote in a tweet. But Turkey is not the only country to criticise Mr Macron's comments. Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan accused the French president of "attacking Islam" in a tweet on Sunday, while French products have been removed from some shops in Kuwait, Jordan and Qatar. There have also been protests in a number of countries, including Bangladesh, Iraq, Libya and Syria. Meanwhile French footballer Paul Pogba has denied reports that he planned to quit international football over Mr Macron's comments about Islam. The Manchester United midfielder dismissed the "total fake headlines" in a post on Instagram and said he was taking legal action against publishers. Citing Turkey's statistical institute, Reuters news agency reports that France is the 10th biggest source of imports into Turkey. The French company Renault is reportedly one of the leading car brands by sales in the country. How are France's relations with Turkey? Mr Erdogan's calls for a boycott come after months of rising tensions between France and Turkey. While both countries are Nato members, they support differing sides in the ongoing conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as in Libya's civil war. Mr Macron has also clashed with Mr Erdogan over Turkish oil and gas exploration in disputed waters in the eastern Mediterranean. France deployed jets and a frigate to the region in August amid the tensions. And in January, Mr Macron accused the Turkish president of breaking a promise to stay out of the conflict in Libya. | কট্টর ইসলামের বিরুদ্ধে ফ্রান্স সরকারের কঠোর অবস্থান নিয়ে বিতর্কের মধ্যেই তুরস্কের প্রেসিডেন্ট রেচেপ তায়েপ এরদোয়ান ফরাসী পণ্য বর্জনের আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Tulip MazumdarGlobal health correspondent "The first time was pretty terrifying because I didn't know what to expect. It felt like having my hand smashed with a hammer," he says. "My last snakebite would have been a fatal one, but for the fact we were carrying an emergency medical kit so we could do something about it." Dr Williams, an expert on snakebites at the World Health Organization (WHO) - who travels the world collecting snake venoms to help develop new treatments - says most victims "don't have that life-saving luxury". The WHO calls snakebites "arguably the world's biggest hidden health crisis", with one person dying from a bite every four minutes. Hundreds of thousands of others are left seriously disfigured, with many needing amputations. Snakebites mainly affect people living in some of the poorest communities in the poorest parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Farmers risk their lives and livelihoods every day while simply tending to their crops, where deadly snakes lurk. Children often become victims too. So now two major health organisations - the WHO and the UK's Wellcome Trust - are taking steps to tackle snakebites. The Wellcome Trust is investing £80m into a new programme to invest in new treatments and better access to effective anti-venoms. And the WHO is preparing to publish a plan to halve the number of deaths and disabilities caused by snakebites by 2030. "We're at a very important point in the effort to do something about snakebite for some of the poorest people in the world," says Dr Williams. "Many already live in poverty and the consequence of snakebite is that they are driven further into debt and despair, even if they survive." Snakebite facts Source: World Health Organization Snakebite, though potentially lethal, is treatable. Wellcome's director of science, Prof Mike Turner, says: "With access to the right anti-venom there is a high chance of survival. "While people will always be bitten by venomous snakes, there is no reason so many should die." Dr Philip Price, science lead for snakebites at the Wellcome Trust, says there is a "spiral of decline" when it comes to dealing with snakebites. "The treatments are expensive, the people who need them often can't afford them, and in some cases people can't make it to the hospital in time." Dr Price said that even when people do reach hospital, sometimes the doctors are not trained adequately, and often treatments are not available. He said patients may instead turn to traditional healers, meaning they "fly under the radar" so "most countries aren't even aware they have a snakebite problem". So how are snakebites treated? Anti-venom treatment is made in the same way that it has been for more than 100 years. The costly and laborious process sees antibodies harvested from horse blood to make anti-venom. But even so, it is estimated that the world produces only a third of the anti-venom that it needs. The horses are given very low doses of snake venom over long periods of time, so it does not harm the animal, says Dr Price. "Eventually the blood is taken from the horse, and the antibodies are purified out. The antibodies inside that blood then bind and neutralise the venom. "It's not without risk to inject this directly into the patient." These risks mean victims have to be treated in hospitals, which can take hours or even days for people to travel to. That is often too late to save lives and limbs. Another major challenge is that many of the anti-venoms available are not actually effective. Different types of snakebites need different types of anti-venom. In Africa, for example, up to 90% of available anti-venom is thought to be ineffective. There is currently no authoritative international list that exists of all the anti-venoms available and what they actually treat. 'Not rocket science' Despite the challenges, achieving the WHO goal of halving deaths and disabilities from snakebites over the next decade is "not all that difficult", according to Dr Williams. He has spent decades working on improving snakebite treatments and education, particularly in Papua New Guinea. "In 2003 in Papua New Guinea, one in every four children who were bitten by snakes died. Today it's less than one in every 50." Dr Williams says whilst this is still too many deaths, the solution is "not rocket science". "It's about having safe, effective anti-venoms, trained health workers, communities that are engaged in the problem and are taught how better to prevent snakebite, and what to do when someone is bitten." He said a desperately needed spotlight is finally being placed on this avoidable killer. The WHO will announce its strategy to cut snakebite deaths and disabilities later this month at the annual World Health Assembly in Geneva. | ডেভিড উইলিয়ামসকে সাপে কামড়িয়েছে পাঁ-চ-বা-র। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Abid HussainBBC Urdu, Islamabad The reports emerged after local Pakistani media said troops had kidnapped the provincial police chief to force him to arrest a top opposition leader. The story was quickly picked up over the border in Pakistan's arch-rival, India, where reports went much further - saying clashes between the police and the army had resulted in the deaths of many Karachi police officers and tanks had been seen on the streets. A fake video circulating on Twitter even claimed to show some of the alleged unrest. In reality, none of it was true. Many local police and opposition members had been angered by events surrounding the politician's arrest - but there was no violence. Pakistan and India are bitter enemies and it's well known they have long used propaganda against each other - they have fought three wars since independence from Britain in 1947. Last year, Facebook blocked networks linked to Pakistan's military and a global network of pro-Indian fake websites and think-tanks was exposed, which had been aimed at influencing decision-making in Europe. But what's notable this time is the number of verified accounts and apparently reputable news outlets that ended up putting out news that was utterly false, to millions of followers and readers. 'Fighting' in a place that doesn't exist Tempers seemed to be simmering down when Pakistan's army chief ordered an investigation into the circumstances surrounding the arrest on Tuesday of Safdar Awan, the son-in-law of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. A day earlier there had been a major rally against the government of Pakistan's current Prime Minister Imran Khan in Karachi, an opposition stronghold which is the capital of Sindh province. But later on Tuesday night a hitherto unknown account tweeted that a fight between troops and police had broken out, with tanks on the streets of Karachi and at least five casualties. It's unclear who sent this initial tweet. Despite extensive digging by the BBC, it was not possible to establish who operates the Twitter account named @drapr007. An hour later, the account tweeted again, this time saying: "#BREAKING: Heavy firefight between Pak Army and Sindh Police is going on in Gulshan e Bagh area of #Karachi..." Those familiar with Karachi would know there is no area there by that name - but most readers would not. Nor had there been any fighting, or tanks seen on the streets. However, news of the "civil war" then spread rapidly. A deadly blast in Karachi which turned out to have been caused by a gas leak added fuel to the rumours. They were picked up by verified individuals and major Indian media outlets such as CNN18, Zee News and India Today. One user with a verified account, Prashant Patel - whose bio says is an advocate of the Supreme Court of India - went on to put out a series of tweets where he made claims about a "civil war situation" in Karachi, deaths of policemen and soldiers, Prime Minister Imran Khan ordering patriotic songs to be played on the radio, and even the impending arrival of the US Navy in the port of Karachi. The BBC's Reality Check team looked into some of the accounts and websites - some of them impersonating the Sindh police - which have been spreading false news about the situation in Karachi and found them to have links with India. Video purporting to show the clashes was shared by an account under the name of International Herald. The dark and blurry video shows young men walking towards a building with fire visible to one side. They are seen throwing stones and shouting slogans, seemingly against Pakistan's army chief. The BBC was unable to tell if the video had been doctored, or even shot in Pakistan at all. International Herald was registered under a now-defunct Indian company in 2018. It's had a Twitter account since 2015 which does not follow anyone. Its followers include two leaders of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in India. 'Co-ordinated disinformation' Mainstream Pakistani media outlets were quick to challenge the Indian media claims with fact-checks. And Twitter users in Pakistan have had a field day ridiculing the reports, using hashtags such as "CivilwarKarachi", "fakenews" and "Indianmedia" trending on Twitter along with humorous posts and memes. Renowned singer and actor Fakhr-e-Alam tweeted: "Karachi civil war has gotten so bad that my food panda delivery boy had to crawl through mine fields carrying his AK47, RPG & 9mm along with my nihari and Biryani. This thing is getting so serious." Writer Bina Shah said: "I live in Karachi, where I just did my groceries, visited the bakery, bought some clothes and came home. If there's a civil war out there I couldn't find it." Some called the reports a case of "co-ordinated disinformation" by Indian media. 'So biased it does not make sense' Hartosh Singh Bal, political editor of one of India's most respected news magazines The Caravan told the BBC: "There's a section of media in both countries which is essentially busy playing games, and what they do has little to do with journalism. "It is so biased that it does not make sense." Another senior Indian journalist who did not want to be named said projecting a divide between the army and police in Pakistan would fit into the Indian narrative of a Pakistan in decline. "A quick study of Twitter handles tweeting this misinformation will show that most of them are supporters of or affiliated to the ruling party." Arslan Khalid, who advises Imran Khan on digital strategy, said it was not the first time that Indian media had run a co-ordinated disinformation campaign against Pakistan. He questioned Twitter's commitment to its guidelines. Despite repeated attempts, the BBC was unable to obtain a response from Twitter regarding its policies on fake news. The BBC's Reality Check and BBC Monitoring both contributed to this report. | ভারতীয় নিউজ সাইট এবং সোশ্যাল মিডিয়ায় এ সপ্তাহে ব্যাপকভাবে ছড়িয়ে পড়া এক ভুয়া খবরে দাবি করা হচ্ছিল পাকিস্তানের করাচী শহরে গৃহযুদ্ধ শুরু হয়ে গেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Ahmed MaherBBC Arabic, Mecca The annual occasion has become a lucrative business in recent years, proving a great financial asset to the economy of the oil-rich kingdom. Many pilgrims, however, struggle to reconcile their spiritual needs with their wallets. Mohammed Zayan, a 53-year-old pilgrim from Tunisia, has waited a lifetime to perform the religious obligation, which does not come free. "I spent up to $6,000 (£3,700) on my Hajj," says Mr Zayan, who wears the traditional white pilgrims' clothes. "I thank God that he enabled me to save this amount of money but I'm sad I could not afford taking my wife and son with me." The millions who come to Mecca every year bring billions of dollars to the Saudi economy. Restaurants, travel agents, airlines and mobile phone companies all earn big bucks during the Hajj, and the government benefits in the form of taxes. Last year, the 10-day event generated some $10bn (£6.2bn), according to the Chamber of Commerce in Mecca. Worthwhile investment The private sector also maximises its returns during Hajj, with investment in real estate an attractive proposition ahead of the pilgrimage. The highest rents in Saudi Arabia are found in the holy city of Mecca, the birthplace of Islam. Owners of hotels close to the main mosque ask for $700 a night, blaming the skyrocketing prices of land for the sharp rise in rates. "I have been investing in this sector for 35 years. I remember when I first sold a metre of land in Mecca for just 15 rials ($3), now it has reached 80,000 rials ($22,000)," said Mohamed Saed al-Jahni, one of Mecca's real estate tycoons. "The demand is higher than supply and that is why many buildings and hotels have been built in recent years to accommodate the increasing number of pilgrims". Super-tall buildings are filling the Mecca skyline at an unstoppable pace. The ancient city's centuries-old sites are giving way to glitzy luxury hotels, which are not affordable for many pilgrims. The government says it is a necessary step, even if the construction comes at the expense of historical mountains dating back to the age of the Prophet of Islam Muhammad and his companions. Spiritual relief Selling Mecca souvenirs is another very lucrative business during the Hajj. There are no official estimates for this profitable trade, but it is believed to bring hundreds of millions of dollars every year. Ahmed Abdel Rahman, 43, will leave Mecca laden with presents and souvenirs for loved ones back in Mauritius. "These are blessed souvenirs," he says, holding a bead he just bought at almost three times its original price outside the city. The price of Mecca souvenirs is often eye-wateringly high and most of the products like prayer mats and beads are not made in the city, but rather in China. But Mr Abdel Rahman says he feels a great spiritual relief when he spends his money in Mecca. "I don't find shop owners opportunists but we help our brothers in Islam to make profit and make ends meet. This is a highly rewarded act." Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam and an obligation, provided a Muslim is financially and physically able. The ritual, which demonstrates the unity of Muslims and their submission to Allah, has been carried out for nearly nearly 1,400 years. However much it costs, Muslims will not stop coming to this spiritual and also commercial hub. They simply cannot do Hajj anywhere else. | সারা পৃথিবী থেকে লক্ষ লক্ষ মুসলমান প্রতি বছর হজ করতে সৌদি আরবে যান। আর ঠিক ওই সময়টাতেই সৌদি আরবের আর্থিক লেনদেনের হার অনেকটাই বেড়ে যায়। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The step was taken on Tuesday, amid growing tensions in the region. On Wednesday, Iranian boats tried to impede a British oil tanker in the region - before being driven off by a Royal Navy ship, the MoD said. Iran had threatened to retaliate for the seizure of one of its own tankers, but denied any attempted seizure. The Department for Transport said it regularly provided security advice to UK ships in high-risk areas. The threat level means British ships are advised not to enter Iranian waters, BBC defence correspondent Jonathan Beale said. Boats believed to belong to Iran's Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC) approached the British Heritage tanker and tried to bring it to a halt as it was moving out of the Gulf into the Strait of Hormuz. HMS Montrose, a British frigate shadowing the BP-owned tanker, was forced to move between the three boats and the ship, a Ministry of Defence spokesman said. He described the Iranians' actions as "contrary to international law". Guns on HMS Montrose were trained on the Iranian boats as they were ordered to back off, US media reported. The boats heeded the warning and no shots were fired. Last week, British Royal Marines helped the authorities in Gibraltar seize an Iranian tanker because of evidence it was carrying oil to Syria in breach of EU sanctions. A spokesman for the Royal Gibraltar Police said they had arrested the captain and chief officer of the Iranian tanker on Thursday, on suspicion of breaching EU sanctions, but neither had been charged. The BBC has been told British Heritage was near the island of Abu Musa when it was approached by the Iranian boats. Although Abu Musa is in disputed territorial waters, HMS Montrose remained in international waters throughout. Defence Secretary Penny Mordaunt said the government was concerned by the incident and urged the Iranian authorities to "de-escalate the situation". Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt added the UK would monitor the situation "very carefully". Prime Minister Theresa May's official spokesman said the government was "committed to maintaining freedom of navigation in accordance with international law". A spokesperson for the US State Department condemned Iran's actions and said that Washington would continue to work closely with the UK. Morgan Ortagus said: "We commend the actions of the Royal Navy in ensuring freedom of navigation and the free flow of commerce through this critically important waterway." Commander of the US Fifth Fleet Vice Adm Jim Malloy described the incident as "unlawful harassment" and said the fleet would continue to work closely with the Royal Navy to defend "the free flow of commerce". What does Iran say? The navy of Iran's Islamic Revolution Guard Corps has denied claims it tried to seize the tanker, Iranian news agencies reported. IRGC's navy said there had been no confrontation with any foreign vessels in the past 24 hours. Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said the UK made the claims "for creating tension". "These claims have no value," Mr Zarif added, according to the Fars news agency. Why are UK-Iran tensions escalating? The relationship between the UK and Iran has become increasingly strained, after Britain said the Iranian regime was "almost certainly" responsible for the attacks on two oil tankers in June. Tensions grew after the seizure of an Iranian oil tanker by authorities in Gibraltar, assisted by British Royal Marines. On Thursday an Iranian official told the BBC the seizure was "unnecessary and non-constructive escalation by the UK" and called for the tanker, Grace 1, to be released. An Iranian official previously said a British oil tanker should be seized if Grace 1 was not released. On Wednesday, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani called the UK "scared" and "hopeless" for using Royal Navy warships to shadow another British tanker in the Gulf. "You, Britain, are the initiator of insecurity and you will realise the consequences later," Mr Rouhani said. The Royal Navy has a frigate, four minehunters and a Royal Fleet Auxiliary support ship already stationed in a permanent Naval Support Facility in the region, at Mina Salman in Bahrain. This is enough to provide reassurance, but probably not to deal with a crisis, BBC defence correspondent Jonathan Beale said. Ministers would now have to consider sending another Royal Navy ship to the region - but this could further escalate tensions with Iran, our correspondent said. Foreign Office officials said they were keeping the UK's military posture in the region under constant review but insisted they did not want to see tensions escalate. Analysis By Paul Adams, diplomatic correspondent The government says it absolutely doesn't want to get sucked into a confrontation with Iran, but cannot ignore the fact that life for British-flagged ships in the Gulf is becoming increasingly precarious. Hence the decision to raise the ship security level to its highest category - essentially a warning to British ships not to enter Iranian waters. This is an unusual but not unprecedented step, a reflection of the government's mounting concern. With limited military resources in the Gulf (one frigate and four mine countermeasures vessels), there's a limit to how much protection the Royal Navy can offer to British shipping. On any given day, there are between 15 and 30 large UK ships, including oil and gas tankers, in the Gulf, with between one and three transiting the Strait of Hormuz. The United States is looking to put together a coalition to ensure freedom of navigation through the Gulf, but has yet to share details or make requests of possible partners. With the US and Iran locked in a bitter dispute over the future of the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, some countries who already participate in a 33-nation Combined Maritime Force, based in Bahrain, may be reluctant to get more involved. Can ships in the area avoid Iranian waters? The Strait of Hormuz, through which all ships must pass to enter the Gulf, is so narrow - just 21 nautical miles (39km) at its narrowest - that Iranian and Omani territorial waters meet in the middle, BBC Security correspondent Frank Gardner says. So instead of sailing through international waters, ships must pass through Iranian or Omani territory which both extend 12 nautical miles out from their coasts. Ships do this under something called Rights of Straits Passage - part of a UN convention which gives ships free passage through the world's chokepoints like the Strait of Gibraltar and the Malacca Strait. In the case of the Strait of Hormuz, shipping is channelled through two lanes heading in opposite directions, each one two nautical miles wide. This is called the Traffic Separation Scheme. Both Iran and the US Navy deploy warships to patrol this area and have narrowly avoided confrontation on several occasions. Once ships pass through the Strait of Hormuz and enter the Gulf they need to be wary of a contested area around the islands of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs. These are claimed by both Iran and the UAE but occupied solely by Iranian forces. What we know about British Heritage It is understood British Heritage was not carrying cargo at the time of the incident with the Iranian boats. The vessel is registered at the port of Douglas, in the Isle of Man. What are US-Iran tensions about? The US has blamed Iran for attacks on six oil tankers in May and June. On Wednesday, the chairman of the US military's Joint Chiefs of Staff said it wanted to create a multi-national military coalition to safeguard waters around Iran and Yemen. However, the UK and the rest of Europe were more cautious, fearing this would escalate tensions, BBC diplomatic correspondent James Landale said. It follows the Trump administration's decision to pull out of an international agreement on Tehran's nuclear programme and reinforce punishing sanctions against Iran. Tehran has begun to nudge the levels of its enriched uranium beyond the limits of a nuclear deal agreed with a group of world powers. Iran's ambassador to the UN Majid Takht-Ravanchi told the BBC Europeans must do more to compensate Tehran for economic losses inflicted by US sanctions - or Iran would continue to step up its nuclear programme. | উপসাগরীয় অঞ্চলে ইরানের জলসীমায় নিজেদের জাহাজ চলাচলের উপর হুমকির মাত্রা বাড়িয়ে সর্বোচ্চ করেছে যুক্তরাজ্য। বলা হচ্ছে, হামলার হুমকি "গুরুতর" পর্যায়ে রয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The bill provides citizenship to religious minorities from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The government, led by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), says this will give sanctuary to people fleeing religious persecution. Critics say the bill is part of a BJP agenda to marginalise Muslims. The Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) passed the upper house of parliament, where the BJP lacks a majority, by 125 votes to 105 on 11 December. It had cleared the lower house two days earlier. The bill has already prompted widespread protests in the north-east of the country which borders Bangladesh, as many people there say they will be "overrun" by immigrants from across the border. What does the bill say? The CAB amends the 64-year-old Indian Citizenship law, which currently prohibits illegal migrants from becoming Indian citizens. It defines illegal immigrants as foreigners who enter India without a valid passport or travel documents, or stay beyond the permitted time. Illegal immigrants can be deported or jailed. The new bill also amends a provision which says a person must have lived in India or worked for the federal government for at least 11 years before they can apply for citizenship. Now there will be an exception for members of six religious minority communities - Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Christian - if they can prove that they are from Pakistan, Afghanistan or Bangladesh. They will only have to live or work in India for six years to be eligible for citizenship by naturalisation, the process by which a non-citizen acquires the citizenship or nationality of that country. It also says people holding Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cards - an immigration status permitting a foreign citizen of Indian origin to live and work in India indefinitely - can lose their status if they violate local laws for major and minor offences and violations. Why is the bill controversial? Opponents of the bill say it is exclusionary and violates the secular principles enshrined in the constitution. They say faith cannot be made a condition of citizenship. The constitution prohibits religious discrimination against its citizens, and guarantees all persons equality before the law and equal protection of the law. Delhi-based lawyer Gautam Bhatia says that by dividing alleged migrants into Muslims and non-Muslims, the bill "explicitly and blatantly seeks to enshrine religious discrimination into law, contrary to our long-standing, secular constitutional ethos". Historian Mukul Kesavan says the bill is "couched in the language of refuge and seemingly directed at foreigners, but its main purpose is the delegitimisation of Muslims' citizenship". Critics say that if it is genuinely aimed at protecting minorities, the bill should have have included Muslim religious minorities who have faced persecution in their own countries - Ahmadis in Pakistan and Rohingyas in Myanmar, for example. (The government has gone to the Supreme Court seeking to deport Rohingya refugees from India.) Defending the bill, senior BJP leader Ram Madhav said, "no country in the world accepts illegal migration". "For all others about whom the bleeding hearts are complaining, Indian citizenship laws are there. Naturalised citizenship is an option for others who legally claim Indian citizenship. All other illegal [immigrants] will be infiltrators," he added. Also defending the bill earlier this year, R Jagannathan, editorial director of Swarajya magazine, wrote that "the exclusion of Muslims from the ambit of the bill's coverage flows from the obvious reality that the three countries are Islamist ones, either as stated in their own constitutions, or because of the actions of militant Islamists, who target the minorities for conversion or harassment". What is the history of the bill? The Citizen Amendment Bill was first put before parliament in July 2016. The legislation cleared parliament's lower house where the BJP has a large majority, but it did not pass in the upper house, after violent anti-migrant protests in north-eastern India. The protests were particularly vocal in Assam state, which in August saw two million residents left off a citizens' register. Illegal migration from Bangladesh has long been a concern in the state. The CAB is seen as being linked to the register, although it is not the same thing. The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a list of people who can prove they came to the state by 24 March 1971, a day before neighbouring Bangladesh became an independent country. In the run-up to its publication, the BJP had supported the NRC, but changed tack days before the final list was published, saying it was error-ridden. The reason for that was a lot of Bengali Hindus - a strong voter base for the BJP - were also left out of the list, and would possibly become illegal immigrants. How is the citizens' register linked to the bill? The two are closely linked, because the Citizenship Amendment Bill will help protect non-Muslims who are excluded from the register and face the threat of deportation or internment. This means tens of thousands of Bengali Hindu migrants who were not included in the NRC can still get citizenship to stay on in Assam state. Later, Home Minister Amit Shah proposed a nationwide register of citizens to ensure that "each and every infiltrator is identified and expelled from India" by 2024. "If the government goes ahead with its plan of implementing the nationwide NRC, then those who find themselves excluded from it will be divided into two categories: (predominantly) Muslims, who will now be deemed illegal migrants, and all others, who would have been deemed illegal migrants, but are now immunised by the Citizenship Amendment Bill if they can show that their country of origin is Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Pakistan," Mr Bhatia said. Taken together, the NRC and CAB have the "potential of transforming India into a majoritarian polity with gradations of citizenship rights," said sociologist Niraja Gopal Jaya. | ভারত সরকার তার পার্শ্ববর্তী তিনটি দেশ থেকে আসা অমুসলিম, যারা অবৈধভাবে ভারতে এসেছে, তাদের নাগরিকত্ব দেয়ার জন্য একটি আইন পাশ করেছে যা নিয়ে তীব্র বিতর্ক চলছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The governing Congress was humiliated in Rajasthan and Delhi, while the BJP held Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. But the BJP stopped short of a majority in Delhi after a surprise strong showing by the new Aam Aadmi Party. The polls are seen as a key test for the ruling Congress and the opposition BJP, ahead of 2014's general elections. The only state where the Congress has won is Mizoram in the north-east - the party has won 28 of the 40 seats and is leading in one more. The vote-counting is still going on there. In Rajasthan, the BJP won 162 assembly seats, leaving the Congress, which had been in power in the state, with just 21 seats. The BJP also retained power in the central states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. It won 165 seats against the 58 for Congress in Madhya Pradesh. But the contest was much closer in Chhattisgarh where the BJP won 49 seats - just three more than the majority needed to form a government - and the Congress finished its tally at 39. The Congress party also lost control of Delhi's 70-seat assembly. With 31 seats, the BJP fell just four short of a majority to form a government in the capital after a surprise strong showing by a new anti-corruption Aam Admi Party (AAP) or Common Man's Party. The AAP, led by former civil servant Arvind Kejriwal and born out of a strong anti-corruption movement that swept India two years ago, won 28 seats in the Delhi assembly elections. Mr Kejriwal said his party will "play the role of constructive opposition and will not seek or give support from any party to form a government". The BJP sprung a surprise on Sunday evening, saying that although it had emerged as the single largest party, it did not have the mandate to form the government. "We respect the people's mandate and we will not indulge in breaking or supporting other parties or candidates to form the government," the BJP's chief ministerial candidate Harsh Vardhan said. With a hung assembly appearing imminent, Delhi may be forced to hold re-elections, analysts say. The Congress party that has ruled India for most of its existence as an independent nation has been humiliated in these polls, in what is being seen as a wave of rebellion against its handling of the economy - and corruption, reports the BBC's Andrew North in Delhi. Related Internet Links Aam Admi Party | ভারতের পাঁচটি রাজ্যের বিধানসভা নির্বাচনে বড় ধরণের বিপর্যয়ের মুখে পড়েছে ক্ষমতাসীন দল বিজেপি। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Mr Trump, in a televised address from the White House, said no US or Iraqi lives were lost in the attacks and the bases suffered only minimal damage. The Irbil and Al Asad bases were attacked early on Wednesday local time. Iran said it acted in retaliation after the assassination of top Iranian General Qasem Soleimani last week. The US drone strike targeting him and Iran-backed militia figures in the Iraqi capital Baghdad was a major escalation amid already deteriorating relations between Iran and the US. Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei described the missile attacks as a "slap in the face" for the US and called for an end to the American presence in the Middle East. On Wednesday evening at least two rockets fell in Baghdad's heavily fortified Green Zone, where the US embassy is located. There were no reports of any damage or casualties. The US attack on Soleimani killed members of pro-Iranian Iraqi militias, who have also said they would seek revenge. However, US Vice President Mike Pence told CBS News that "intelligence" indicated that Iran had asked its allied militias not to attack US targets. "We're receiving some encouraging intelligence that Iran is sending messages to those very same militias not to move against American targets or civilians, and we hope that that message continues to echo," Mr Pence told the news channel. What did Mr Trump say on Wednesday? The president has previously threatened military action against Iran if it were to target US personnel and bases, but he did not announce any military action, saying Iran's attack had caused no casualties. "No Americans were harmed in last night's attack by the Iranian regime," he said. "Iran appears to be standing down, which is a good thing for all parties concerned," he added. He also said that "American strength, both military and economic, is the best deterrent". "The fact that we have this great military and equipment, however, does not mean we have to use it." Mr Trump also said the US would immediately impose additional financial and economic sanctions on Iran, which would remain until it "changed its behaviour". "Iran must abandon its nuclear ambitions and end its support for terrorism," he said. "The civilised world must send a clear and unified message to the Iranian regime. Your campaign of terror, murder and mayhem will not be tolerated any more. It will not be allowed to go forward." Back to business as usual? President Trump's speech was a curious amalgam of threats, bluster - a touch of de-escalation. Nonetheless he still slapped on more economic sanctions against Tehran. He triumphed in the killing of Gen Soleimani, whom he described as "the world's top terrorist". But there were essentially three key messages. First, de-escalation. There were no US casualties caused by the Iranian missile strikes. He said that Iran was "standing down", presumably returning its deployed missile forces to their bases. He did not threaten an immediate US response. Secondly - the nuclear deal. He called upon the other signatories to the 2015 nuclear agreement - the JCPOA - which the US long ago abandoned, to similarly give it up as a bad job. Thirdly, stressing US energy independence, he called upon Nato countries "to become much more involved in the Middle East process". This will inevitably be seen as another signal that the US is tiring of its role in the region and THAT will not be welcomed by his allies either in the Middle East or in Nato. So this was a speech full of Trumpian contradiction and the few references to a brighter future for the Iranian people provided little tangible hope of any new diplomatic initiative. So in the wake of the US drone attack and Iran's missile strikes it appears to be back to business as usual. What happened in the missile attacks? A total of 16 missiles were launched from at least three sites in Iran, Defence Secretary Mark Esper said. At least 11 of them struck the air base in Al Asad, west of Baghdad, and at least one more hit the Irbil base, he said. Several other missiles landed at some distance from the targets. The attacks happened at about 02:00 local time on Wednesday (22:30 GMT on Tuesday). Joint Chiefs Chairman Mark Milley said he believed early warning systems had prevented casualties. "[What] I believe, based on what I saw and what I know, is that they were intended to cause structural damage, destroy vehicles and equipment and aircraft, and to kill personnel," he said. The attacks came just hours after the burial of Soleimani, who controlled Iran's proxy forces across the Middle East. It was the most direct assault by Iran on the US since the seizing of the US embassy in Tehran in 1979. Just hours after the missile strikes a Ukrainian airliner crashed in Iran shortly after take-off. There is no evidence that the two incidents are linked. Several airlines have announced they are avoiding both Iranian and Iraqi airspace amid the rising tension. How did we get here? The assassination of Soleimani - head of the Revolutionary Guards' elite Quds Force and architect of Iranian policy in the region - took place on 3 January. The general was regarded as a terrorist by the US government, which says he was responsible for the deaths of hundreds of American troops and was plotting "imminent" attacks. Iran vowed "severe revenge" for his death. Mr Trump, meanwhile, warned the US would respond in the event of retaliation "perhaps in a disproportionate manner". Millions of Iranians turned out for the commander's funeral, with mourners chanting "death to America" and "death to Trump". A stampede at the burial in Soleimani's hometown Kerman killed 50 people and injured 200 more on Tuesday. | প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন, ইরাকে মার্কিন ঘাঁটিতে মিসাইল হামলা চালানোর পর ইরান 'মনে হচ্ছে ক্ষান্ত দিয়েছে'। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Jiyar GolBBC Persian The UN has warned that Turkey could be held responsible for the actions of its allies, while Turkey has promised to investigate. Bearded men shout "Allahu Akbar [God is the Greatest]". One captures the scene on his smartphone and says: "We are mujahedeen [holy warriors] from Faylaq Al-Majd [Glory Corps] battalion." In the background are the corpses of Kurdish fighters. Further away, a group of men plant their feet on a woman's bloodied body. One says she is a "whore". The gruesome footage is much like that produced by the ultra-violent Islamic State (IS) group. Yet the men in this video are not IS militants, but rather fighters for a rebel alliance known as the Syrian National Army, trained, equipped and paid for by a Nato member, Turkey. They are under the command of the Turkish army. The video was filmed on 21 October in northern Syria. The woman beneath the fighters' feet is Amara Renas, a member of an all-woman unit of Kurdish fighters, the YPJ, a force that played a significant role in defeating IS in Syria. Amara was killed in the recent Turkish assaults against Kurdish forces in Syria. On 9 October the Turkish army and pro-Turkish Syrian rebels attacked the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), shortly after Donald Trump announced the US would pull troops out of Syria. SDF fighters had been a highly effective and trusted ally of the US-led coalition and led the defeat of IS on the ground. The group says it also provided intelligence that led to the killing last week of IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Video threats Days after Turkey's attacks, numerous videos alleged to have been filmed by pro-Turkey rebels emerged on social media. In one, an unidentified fighter shouts in Arabic: "We have come to behead you infidels and apostates!" In another video, a masked rebel clad in black carries a terrified woman surrounded by other rebels - one films her, one shouts "pig", another says: "Take her to be beheaded." The captured woman is Cicek Kobane, another YPJ fighter. The widely-circulated video provoked outrage on social media. A few days after it was published, Turkish state TV showed Cicek Kobane being treated in a hospital in Turkey. US officials have said that some of the actions in these videos probably constitute war crimes. "Many people fled because they're very concerned about these Turkish-supported Syrian opposition forces," James Jeffrey, US special envoy for Syria, told Congress. "We'd say that Turkey-supported Syrian opposition forces who were under general Turkish command, at least in one instance did carry out war crimes." Crossing point Turkey has long been accused of taking little action against jihadists in Syria. "I ran the ISIS [Islamic State group] campaign - 40,000 foreign fighters, jihadists from 110 countries around the world, all came into Syria to fight in that war and they all came through Turkey," Brett McGurk, former US President Special Envoy in the coalition against IS, told CNN last month. He said he tried to persuade Turkey to seal its border against IS. "They said they couldn't do it," he said, "but the minute the Kurds took parts of the border, it's totally sealed with a wall." US officials say they have demanded an explanation from Turkey for alleged war crimes by the rebels. Ibrahim Kalin, the Turkish president's spokesman, said Turkey will investigate any suspected war crimes. But many Kurdish activists have no faith in the Turkish government or army. "There is strong evidence that over the past four decades, Turkish military and security forces have systematically committed war crimes and violated human rights in their conflict with the PKK (The Kurdistan Workers' Party, which has fought for Kurdish autonomy in Turkey for decades)," says Kamran Matin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Sussex University. Turning a blind eye In the past decade, numerous disturbing images and videos allegedly filmed by the Turkish army and security forces document the killing of captured Kurdish dissidents in Turkey. In one video published a few years ago, suspected Turkish soldiers behead dead PKK militants. In another video, two female PKK fighters with their hands tied behind their backs are seated on a mountain cliff, when what are apparently Turkish soldiers with automatic machine guns shoot them at close range and kick them over the edge. In October 2015, a widely-shared video showed Turkish security forces dragging the body of 24-year-old actor Haci Lokman Birlik through the streets in Sirnak, a Kurdish town in south-east Turkey, with a rope around his neck. Part of the video appeared to have been filmed from inside the police vehicle. Turkish officials claimed his corpse might have been booby-trapped. Kurdish human rights activists have accused the US and the EU of failing to condemn Turkey or take any effective punitive action. "The EU turned a blind eye to Turkey's human rights violations, because of Turkey's Nato membership, economic ties and the fear of a backlash among millions of Turks living in European countries, Germany in particular," says Kamran Matin. After the Syrian civil war began, a new factor "constrained European countries' reaction to Turkey's gross violation of human rights," he says - "Syrian refugees. [Turkish] President Erdogan repeatedly threatened flooding Europe with them." This, it seems, is something European countries want to avoid, whatever the cost. | উত্তর পূর্ব সিরিয়ায় কুর্দি মিলিশিয়াদের বিরুদ্ধে অভিযানের সময় তুরস্ক-সমর্থিত বাহিনী যুদ্ধাপরাধ করেছে বলে অভিযোগ উঠেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The US and Russia have long been adversaries but accusations that Moscow interfered in the US presidential election in 2016 have added an extra, bitter ingredient. Let's take a look. Why are there US-Russia tensions? It goes back to the so-called Cold War (from 1945 to 1989) and the hostilities between the US and the then Soviet Union. They never fought each other directly but differences remained even after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the consolidation of the US as the world's sole superpower. Fast forward to now, and Mr Putin has made no secret of his determination to reassert Russian power after years of perceived humiliation, often putting his country on a collision course with the US. Difficult at the best of times, bilateral relations have deteriorated significantly since Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine in 2014. That led the US and others to impose a series of economic sanctions on Russia. Why is a meeting between these men so important? Their relationship has become one of the most scrutinised in global affairs, because of claims of Russian meddling in the 2016 US election, which has been denied by Moscow. US intelligence agencies believe Russia tried to sway the election in Mr Trump's favour. An investigation into what Russia did and whether any of the Trump team helped them is the subject of an investigation by Special Counsel Robert Mueller, dismissed by the president as a "witch hunt". Repeatedly he has called it a Democratic conspiracy driven by bitterness at losing the election. Since taking office in January 2017, President Trump has sought to improve ties, a stance at odds with traditional Republican party policy. Last month, he supported Russia's re-admission to the group of industrialised nations - now called G7 - after its suspension following the annexation of Crimea. What have they said about each other? Mr Trump has made several comments praising Mr Putin. "Very much of a leader," he said in 2016, "far more than our president has been a leader," in reference to Barack Obama. Last year, he called Mr Putin a "tough cookie". In March, he congratulated Mr Putin for his controversial election victory, despite warnings from his advisers not to do so. Mr Putin has been more guarded in his views about Mr Trump, but has called him a "very bright person, talented" and a "colourful" man in the past. What will they discuss? Official statements have lacked details but the talks are likely to include: Why are Trump's allies worried? During a summit with Nato countries last week, Mr Trump signed a joint statement condemning "Russian aggression". The question many now ask is whether he will raise the concerns of the allies directly with the Russian president. It has been widely reported that the European partners have not been briefed about what Mr Trump is really trying to achieve in Helsinki. There is a fear that after a tumultuous trip to Europe he will have some warm words for Mr Putin. Mr Trump bashed Nato allies over their defence spending, said Germany was "controlled by Russia" because of its gas imports and criticised UK Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit plan. What to expect? It's hard to say. Mr Trump's unorthodox approach to such talks makes any prediction look more like a guessing game, but US advisers have downplayed any chance of major announcements. Adding an air of mystery is the fact that both will speak in private during their meeting, with only their interpreters expected to be present. As a gesture of a restart in relations, they could agree to restore their countries' diplomatic presence after tit-for-tat expulsions in the last few years, most recently over the poisoning of a former Russian spy in England. What does it mean for the rest of the world? A lot. US and Russia have been in different, or even opposing sides on many critical issues - Syria, Ukraine, Crimea, to name a few - that have a global impact. Add to that the Western sanctions in Russia that Mr Putin says are "harmful for everyone". But European countries, perhaps more than others, will be watching it very closely. They are in an uncomfortable situation as they fear the Russian threat, but are to some degree dependent on Russian energy supplies. Mr Trump singled out Germany over the controversial Nord Stream 2 project that will boost Russian gas deliveries to Central and Western Europe across the Baltic Sea. The route bypasses not only Ukraine but also the Baltic states and Poland - all of those countries oppose it. This all leaves little doubt that the world will be watching to see what happens on Monday. Want to read more? | ফিনল্যান্ডের রাজধানী হেলসিংকিতে একটি বৈঠকে মিলিত হতে যাচ্ছেন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প এবং রাশিয়ার প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিন। কিন্তু এই সামিটের দিকে কেন সবার নজর? |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Five police officers are reportedly among the dead. A police van was the prime target, authorities said. Police have described the blast as a suicide attack. It has been claimed by the Hizbul Ahrar, a splinter group of the Pakistani Taliban. The explosion occurred at 0844am local time (0344 GMT) near the Data Darbar Sufi shrine, one of the oldest Sufi shrines in South Asia. The bloodshed comes as Pakistani Muslims mark the Islamic holy month of Ramadan. A security operation is still under way in the area, with a heavy police presence at the blast site. Footage from the scene shows a badly damaged police vehicle surrounded by debris near a security checkpoint at the shrine. Prime Minister Imran Khan denounced the attack. The Data Darbar shrine Located near the Bhati Gate inside the ancient Walled City of Lahore, Data Darbar is one of the largest Sufi shrines in South Asia. Built in the 11th Century, it is where Sufi saint Abul Hassan Ali Hajveri - also known as Data Ganj Baksh - was laid to rest. It is considered to be one of the most sacred sites in Lahore. It is visited by hundreds of thousands of people each year from both Sunni and Shia traditions of Islam. In 2010, dozens died in two suicide blasts at Data Darbar. Police said, although there was no specific threat against the shrine, worshippers should remain vigilant during the month of Ramadan. Sufism is a form of Islamic mysticism that exists across the Islamic world, and includes both Sunnis and Shias. Its followers in Pakistan have been attacked by militants in the past. Some extremists view Sufis as heretics for not adhering to their fundamentalist form of Islam. Pakistan has cracked down on a number of extremist groups - including Pakistani Taliban factions - in recent years. But while security has improved the country still grapples with attacks by militants who are opposed to the government. In 2016, at least 72 people were killed in Lahore in a bombing targeting Christians on Easter Sunday. | পাকিস্তানের লাহোরের অন্যতম প্রধান সুফি মুসলিম মাজারের বাইরে বিস্ফোরণে অন্তত পাঁচজন মারা গেছে বলে জানিয়েছে কর্তৃপক্ষ। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Nick TriggleHealth correspondent Children should also take a break from screen-based activities every two hours, the government advisers said. And they added industry must do more to keep children safe. Their guidance comes as English Health Secretary, Matt Hancock, is set to meet bosses at Instagram over the handling of self-harm and suicide content. Links have been made between the suicide of teenager Molly Russell and her exposure to harmful material on Instagram. Her father has said he believes the Facebook-owned platform "helped kill my daughter". Prof Dame Sally Davies, England's chief medical officer and the lead for the UK, said the case was "tragic" and it was clear some children were being exposed to inappropriate content. She told the BBC companies had a duty of care to help keep children safe and that age limits for using social media needed to be properly enforced and children should not be channelled towards harmful content - one of the key concerns in the Molly Russell case. But Dame Sally said a review of evidence had not proven a clear link between screen-based activities and mental health problems. And digital technologies could be a force for good, aiding online learning, socialising and helping people manage health conditions. What does the guidance recommend parents do? There are several clear steps for parents, which the chief medical officers say will help keep children safe and healthy. These include: Is new legislation needed? Dame Sally said a code of conduct was definitely needed. She wants to see technology companies invest in systems that properly vet the ages of users - a number of platforms require users to be 13 but these were not properly policed, she said. The guidance is also critical of what it calls "persuasive design". This refers to techniques used to encourage addictive behaviour, including collecting likes and rewards for performing actions such as sharing pictures. Dame Sally also wants social media companies to develop better algorithms that push positive content to users. This has already been done for users who search for content that could potentially radicalise them. Instead of being fed material that promotes terrorism, users get content that aims to de-radicalise. Dame Sally said the same thing could happen when people searched for "self-harm" or "suicide". "We would like to see content that promotes help-lines and where to go for support," she said. And she warned if industry did not act, ministers were likely to legislate to compel them. "They need to sort themselves out - to safeguard our children," Dame Sally said. "They have a duty of care - and if they don't, I expect the government will tell them how they will sort it." What do internet companies say? Facebook welcomed the guidance and said it wanted young people to be safe online. It said it had introduced a new tool to help people see how much time they were spending on Facebook and Instagram, with daily reminders and a way to limit notifications. Twitter said it had introduced 70 changes in 2018 "to make the service healthier and safer". Does regular use cause mental health problems? The chief medical officer used a team of academics to scour the research done on this issue. The academics said that, while some research had pointed to an association between screen-based activities and negative effects such as an increased risk of anxiety and depression, it was still inconclusive. It could be just that people who struggled with mental health problems were more likely to turn to their devices, Dame Sally said, rather than their habits being the root cause of the problems. Nonetheless, Dame Sally said, there needed to be a precautionary approach to this - until more research had been done - hence the guidance to parents. Dr Bernadka Dubicka, of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said the medical officers were right to be cautious. "We do not yet have enough evidence to draw a definite link between screen time and mental health problems - but it is clear that some of the content that young people are viewing online, such as pro-anorexia, suicide and self-harming content, can be incredibly harmful," she said. The chief medical officers' guidance comes after leading paediatricians said last month that parents should worry less about screen use after a review found there was little evidence it was harmful in itself. | স্বাস্থ্যকরভাবে মোবাইল ও কম্পিউটার যন্ত্র ব্যবহার করার জন্য খাবার এবং ঘুমানোর সময় মোবাইল ফোন নিষিদ্ধ করা উচিত বলে বলছেন যুক্তরাজ্যের শীর্ষ চারজন প্রধান চিকিৎসা কর্মকর্তা। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | He said he had misspoken on Monday and had meant to say he saw no reason why it was not Russia that meddled. The original comments, after he met Russian President Vladimir Putin in Helsinki, drew a barrage of criticism. Even some of Mr Trump's allies had urged him to clarify his stance. In his latest remarks, he added that he had "full faith and support" in US intelligence agencies. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo is to appear before Congress next week to answer questions on what happened during Mr Trump's two-hour meeting with President Putin on Monday. Damage done Analysis by the BBC's Anthony Zurcher in Washington Does Donald Trump believe in ominous metaphors? As he affirmed his support for US intelligence agencies, the lights went to black in the White House conference room. Once order was restored, he said he had been in the dark as to why a storm had swirled around his presidency since his Helsinki summit with Vladimir Putin. It was, he said, because he had misspoken. That is going to be hard for many of the president's critics to swallow, however. Even if he did mean to say, "I don't see a reason why it wouldn't be Russia", it is a pretty weak way to confront the head of a nation accused of targeting the heart of American democracy. What is more, the context of the president's comments make a simple slip of the tongue seem less likely. At the very least, the president gave his supporters some material to rally around. The damage, however, has been done. Mr Trump can give as many White House statements as he likes, but on the biggest stage - standing beside the Russian president - he fumbled. All the explanations cannot change that. What Trump said then... The controversy centres on a response he gave to a question at a news conference on Monday following the summit with Mr Putin. This is an extract from the transcript posted by the White House. REPORTER: President Putin denied having anything to do with the election interference in 2016. Every US intelligence agency has concluded that Russia did. My first question for you, sir, is, who do you believe? TRUMP: My people came to me... they said they think it's Russia. I have President Putin; he just said it's not Russia. I will say this: I don't see any reason why it would be. .... what he says now Mr Trump said he had reviewed the transcript and realised he needed to clarify. "In a key sentence in my remarks, I said the word 'would' instead of 'wouldn't," he said. "The sentence should have been: 'I don't see any reason why I wouldn't' or 'why it wouldn't be Russia'. Sort of a double negative." The US president added: "I accept our intelligence community's conclusion that Russia's meddling in the 2016 election took place. Could be other people also. A lot of people out there." Mr Trump said that the interference had had no impact on the election, in which he defeated Hillary Clinton. However, he did not respond when reporters asked him if he would condemn Mr Putin. During the press conference with President Putin - in the same answer as the transcript above - Mr Trump went on to say: "President Putin was extremely strong and powerful in his denial today. And what he did is an incredible offer; he offered to have the people working on the case come and work with their investigators with respect to the 12 people. I think that's an incredible offer." On Wednesday, Mr Trump said in a tweet that Russia had "agreed to help with North Korea", adding that "the process is moving along". "There is no rush, the sanctions remain! Big benefits and exciting future for North Korea at end of process!" the president wrote. He said that his meeting with Mr Putin was "positive" and "may prove to be, in the long run... a success". He added that because he "got along" with the Russian leader, it "bothered many haters". How great is the outrage? Chuck Schumer, leader of the opposition Democrats in the Senate, said Mr Trump's retraction of his previous comments was a sign of weakness. "He made a horrible statement, tried to back off, but couldn't even bring himself to back off," he told the Senate. "It shows the weakness of President Trump that he is afraid to confront Mr Putin directly." Republicans and Democrats alike were dumbfounded that Mr Trump had sided with Russia over his own intelligence officials after Monday's summit. The US and Russia have been long-term adversaries and remain far apart on major issues. Some lawmakers were also upset that Mr Trump had refused to offer specific criticisms of Russia and Mr Putin, instead saying both countries were responsible for poor relations. Even one of his most loyal Republican supporters, Newt Gingrich, said the comments were the "most serious mistake of his presidency". House Republican Mike Turner accused Mr Trump of having damaged American foreign policy by failing to take Russia to task. "He's given them a pass and is certainly not holding them accountable for what they're doing," he added. | ২০১৬ সালের মার্কিন নির্বাচনে রাশিয়া হস্তক্ষেপ করেছিল বলে গোয়েন্দা সংস্থার বক্তব্য মেনে নিচ্ছেন ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প- যদিও মাত্র একদিন আগেও যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট অভিযোগটি নাকচ করে দিয়েছিলেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The content - including footage of a monkey that appears to be trying to eat the phone - has been widely shared on social media since Zackrydz Rodzi posted it on Twitter. The student said he thought his phone had been stolen while he was sleeping. But it remained unclear exactly how the mobile went missing. It was also not possible to verify the circumstances in which the photos and videos ended up on his phone. Mr Zackrydz, 20, told the BBC he realised his smartphone was gone when he woke up at around 11am on Saturday morning. "There was no sign of robbery. The only thing on my mind was is it some kind of sorcery," said the final year computer science student from Batu Pahat in the southern state of Johor. A few hours later, in a video shared with the BBC that was time-coded 2.01pm that same day, a monkey appeared to be trying to eat the phone. The primate can be seen staring down the camera against a backdrop of bright green leaves and crowing birds. There were also a series of photos of the monkey, trees and other foliage on the phone. Mr Zackrydz said he failed to find any trace of his phone until Sunday afternoon when his father noticed a monkey outside their house. On calling his phone again he heard ringing from the jungle a few steps beyond the back garden, he said, then discovered the muddied phone on some leaves beneath a palm tree. His uncle joked that maybe there was a photo in the phone of the thief, he said, so after cleaning it he opened the picture gallery "and boom, it's full of monkey photos". Unlike some parts of the world where monkeys live in or near urban areas, there is no history of monkeys stealing things from houses in the local neighbourhood, said the student. He suspects the monkey may have entered the house through his brother's open bedroom window. "Something that you might see once in a century," he tweeted on Sunday in a post that was shared and liked several thousand times and picked up by local media outlets. It wasn't the first time monkey selfies have made headlines. In 2017, a British photographer settled a two-year legal fight against an animal rights group over a image taken by a macaque. In 2011, Naruto, a macaque monkey in the Indonesian jungle, picked up a camera owned by David Slater from Monmouthshire and snapped a series of "selfies". Mr Slater argued that he owned the copyright to the widely shared image, but animal rights charity Peta said the animal should benefit because it clicked the shutter. A US court ruled that copyright protection could not be applied to the monkey and dismissed Peta's case, but Mr Slater agreed to donate 25% of any future revenue from the image to charities protecting Naruto and other crested macaques in Indonesia. | মালয়েশিয়ান এক ব্যক্তি বলছেন তার হারানো ফোন জঙ্গল থেকে খুঁজে পাবার পর সেখানে তিনি এক বানরের সেলফি এবং বানরের ভিডিও ছবি দেখে রীতিমত বিস্মিত। এই ফুটেজ সামাজিক মাধ্যমে এখন ভাইরাল। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The killings in the north-eastern state of Assam are the latest in a series of attacks blamed on religious tensions over the treatment of cows. Hindus consider cows sacred and killing them is illegal in several states. A Human Rights Watch report last week said at least 10 Muslims had been killed over the issue since May 2015. The victims of Sunday's attack in Assam's Nagaon district have been identified as Abu Hanifa and Riyazuddin Ali, police said. "They were chased and beaten with sticks by villagers who said the two men were trying to steal cows from their grazing field," news agency AFP quoted senior police official Debaraj Upadhyay as saying. "By the time we took them to the hospital at night they had succumbed to their injuries." A murder case has been registered and two people have been detained for questioning, police said. The Human Rights Watch report says that since the Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party formed India's federal government in 2014, attacks against Muslims and Dalits (formerly known as untouchables) have risen over rumours that they sold, bought or killed cows for beef. The BJP now also governs Assam. Those killed in the violent vigilante campaign against beef consumption in India include a 12-year-old boy. Many states are now actively enforcing bans on cow slaughter and in March, the western state of Gujarat passed a law making the slaughter of cows punishable with life imprisonment. In addition to government bans, vigilante groups who portray themselves as protectors of cows have also been active in several states. The groups routinely check vehicles and often beat up cattle traders. Prime Minister Narendra Modi last year criticised the vigilantes, saying such people made him "angry", but this has not stopped the attacks against cattle traders. | ভারতে পুলিশ বলছে, প্রকাশ্যে মলত্যাগ করার কারণে দুটো শিশুকে হত্যা করার অভিযোগে দুই ব্যক্তিকে গ্রেফতার করা হয়েছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Louise CullenBBC News NI In its figures for Friday, it also reported a further 1,500 positive tests for the virus. Hospital bed occupancy for Covid beds stood at 99% on Friday, with 599 beds occupied, up from 569 on Thursday. Intensive care beds for Covid-19 stood at 83% occupation, with 45 occupied, up from 44 on Thursday. The daily figure for deaths recorded by the Department of Health takes in a 24-hour period from 10:00 until the same time the following morning. The figure is subject to be changed later, as Covid-related deaths are assigned to the day in which they occurred - rather than the initial reporting period. The rising figures come as a third coronavirus vaccine is approved for use in the UK. The UK has pre-ordered 17 million doses of US firm Moderna's jab. - 10 million more than planned - but supplies are not expected to arrive until spring. NI Health Minister Robin Swann said that while the health service was feeling the "grave pressures of Covid" the approval of another vaccine "should serve as encouragement for everyone". "Allocations for Northern Ireland will be part of the overall UK stock and we look forward to its arrival in the coming months," Mr Swann said. "As with all other Covid-19 vaccines, prioritisation will be guided by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation so those most at risk from this disease can receive protection first." The vaccine joins the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca jabs in gaining approval. Mr Swann said the vaccination programme is "key to transforming life as we currently know it" but warned that because of the scale of the roll out it could be "many months before we can see any sense of normality return". "It's important we all remain patient and wait our turn to be called while we protect those most at risk first," he added. Deaths in 2020 Meanwhile, a total of of 1,830 Covid-related deaths have been registered in Northern Ireland to the end of 2020. That is according to the latest bulletin from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (Nisra). It said 88 deaths were registered in the week to Friday 25 December and 93 in the week to the 1 January 2021. Nisra's figures are based on mentions of the virus on death certificates, so people may or may not have previously tested positive for Covid-19. The Department of Health publishes separate figures on Covid-related fatalities, which are based on deaths from any cause within 28 days of testing positive for the disease. The department's comparative number of deaths for Friday 1 January was 1,349. Location of deaths Nisra has recorded the deaths of 1,150 people in hospital, including 168 people normally resident in care homes. Taking that figure, and the 607 who died in care homes, it means care home residents account for two-fifths of all Covid-19 related deaths (40.9%). Other deaths were recorded in hospices (0.5%) and residential locations (6.8%). Deaths in care homes and hospices involved 146 separate establishments. People aged 75 and over account for just over three-quarters of all Covid-related registered deaths (77.7%) in 2020. Just under a quarter (23.2%) of all Covid-related registered deaths have been of people with an address in the Belfast council area. The provisional number of deaths from all causes which were registered for the week ending 25 December was 310. That is 40 more than the previous week and 29 more than the five-year average of 281. For the week ending January 1, the provisional number of deaths registered was 333. That was 23 more than the previous week and 53 more than the five-year average. Excess deaths are those above what would normally be expected at the time of year, averaged over five years. Nisra found 1,987 excess deaths have been registered in the past 40 weeks, since the start of the pandemic. Meanwhile in the Republic of Ireland, 20 more coronavirus-linked deaths have been recorded, bringing the country's total to 2,327. A further 8,248 cases of the virus were also confirmed. | বাংলাদেশে করোনাভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত হয়ে গত ২৪ ঘণ্টায় ২৩ জনের মৃত্যু হয়েছে বলে স্বাস্থ্য অধিদপ্তর জানিয়েছে। গত ২৪ ঘণ্টায় নতুন করে আরও ১,২০৯ জন কোভিড-১৯ রোগী শনাক্ত হয়েছেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Once considered a long shot, the 74-year-old is now president of the United States, approaching the end of a four-year term. Scepticism over his candidacy for the 2016 election had stemmed not only from his controversial platform on immigration and outrageous campaign style but from his celebrity past. Yet the businessman had the last laugh when he defied all predictions to beat much more seasoned politicians in the Republican primary race. He then went a step further by winning the presidential election, one of the most divisive and controversial contests in living memory, against Democratic rival Hillary Clinton. Early life Mr Trump is the fourth child of New York real estate tycoon Fred Trump. Despite the family's wealth, he was expected to work the lowest-tier jobs within his father's company and was sent off to a military academy at age 13 when he started misbehaving in school. After attending the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania he became favourite to succeed his father when his older brother, Fred, chose to become a pilot. Fred Trump died at 43 from alcoholism, an incident that his brother says led him to avoid alcohol and cigarettes his entire life. Mr Trump says he got into real estate with a "small" $1m loan from his father before joining the company. He helped manage his father's extensive portfolio of residential housing projects in the New York City boroughs, and took control of the company - which he renamed the Trump Organization - in 1971. His father died in 1999. "My father was my inspiration," Mr Trump said at the time. The mogul Shifting his family's business from residential units in Brooklyn and Queens to glitzy Manhattan projects, Mr Trump transformed the rundown Commodore Hotel into the Grand Hyatt and erected the most famous Trump property, the 68-storey Trump Tower on Fifth Avenue. Other properties bearing the famous name followed - Trump Place, Trump World Tower, Trump International Hotel and Tower, and so on. There are Trump Towers in Mumbai, Istanbul and the Philippines. And Mr Trump developed hotels and casinos, an arm of the business that has led to four bankruptcy filings (for the businesses, not personal bankruptcy). He also built an empire in the entertainment business. From 1996 until 2015, he was an owner in the Miss Universe, Miss USA, and Miss Teen USA beauty pageants. In 2003, he debuted an NBC reality television show called The Apprentice, in which contestants competed for a shot at a management job within Mr Trump's organisation. He hosted the show for 14 seasons, and said in a financial disclosure form that he had been paid a total of $213m by the network during the show's run. He has written several books, and owns a line of merchandise that sells everything from neckties to bottled water. According to Forbes, his net worth is $2.5bn (£1.9bn). In September, the New York Times reported that despite his purported wealth, Mr Trump paid just $750 in federal income tax both in 2016 and in his first year in the White House. The president dismissed the report as "fake news". The husband and father Mr Trump has been married three times, though his most famous wife was his first - Ivana Zelnickova, a Czech athlete and model. The couple had three children - Donald Jr, Ivanka and Eric - before they filed for divorce in 1990. The ensuing court battle made for numerous stories in the tabloid press. Those stories included allegations that he was abusive towards Ivana, though she later downplayed the incidents. He married actress Marla Maples in 1993. They had a daughter named Tiffany before divorcing in 1999. He married his current wife, Slovenian model Melania Knauss, in 2005, and the couple have one son, Barron William Trump. His children from his first marriage now help run Trump Organization, though he is still chief executive. Ivanka, his eldest daughter, followed her dad to the White House, where she and her husband, Jared Kushner, serve as senior advisers. The candidate Mr Trump expressed interest in running for president as early as 1987, and even entered the 2000 race as a Reform Party candidate. After 2008, he became one of the most outspoken members of the "birther" movement, which questioned whether Barack Obama had been born in the US. Those claims have been thoroughly debunked; Mr Obama was born in Hawaii. Mr Trump finally admitted there was no truth to the claims although, characteristically, there was no apology. It was not until June 2015 that Mr Trump formally announced his entrance into the race for the White House. "We need somebody that literally will take this country and make it great again. We can do that," he said in his announcement speech, promising that as a candidate with no need to fundraise he answered to no special interests and was the perfect outsider candidate. Under the banner Make America Great Again, Mr Trump ran a controversial campaign built on promises to strengthen the American economy, build a wall on the border of Mexico and the US, and to temporarily ban immigration by Muslims "until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on". Despite massive protests at his campaign events and the best efforts of his Republican rivals Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio, Mr Trump became the presumptive Republican Party nominee for president after the Indiana primary. The election winner Mr Trump's 2016 campaign for the presidency was rocked by controversies, including the emergence of a recording from 2005 of him making lewd remarks about women, and claims, including from members of his own party, that he was not fit for office. But he consistently told his army of supporters that he would defy the opinion polls, which mostly had him trailing Hillary Clinton, and that his presidency would strike a blow against the political establishment and "drain the swamp" in Washington. He took inspiration from the successful campaign to get Britain out of the European Union, saying he would pull off "Brexit times 10". It was something few pundits believed would happen as polling day approached, despite his campaign receiving a late boost from fresh controversy over an FBI investigation into his opponent's emails. As his stunning victory was still sinking in across the US, his supporters got the chance to see him in the Oval Office when he and President Obama met for transition talks two days after election day. He is the first US president never to have held elected office or served in the military, meaning that he had already made history before he was sworn in as America's 45th president on 20 January 2017. The president Much like his candidacy, Donald Trump's presidency has been marked by drama and controversy. In January 2017, he signed his first executive order, banning travel from seven countries, most with Muslim-majorities. The ban, decried as xenophobic by critics, has been upheld by the Supreme Court. Months later, he shocked Washington by firing FBI Director James Comey. The sudden dismissal was described as potentially obstructing justice in a subsequent report from Special Counsel Robert Mueller, which probed alleged collusion between the 2016 Trump campaign and Russia. The two-year long investigation did not establish criminal collusion. Soon after, Mr Trump faced accusations that he had pressured a foreign government to dig up dirt on Democratic rival Joe Biden. The allegations prompted a Democratic-led impeachment inquiry, and Mr Trump became just the third US president in history to be impeached. But Mr Trump has maintained his loyal base thanks to a number of campaign promises kept. Perhaps his most enduring legacy: nominating three right-wing justices to the Supreme Court, which will shape the country's policies for decades to come. His 2020 election year has been dominated by the coronavirus pandemic. He has faced intense criticism for his handling of the crisis, as the US leads the globe in deaths and infections. The voracious campaigner was even forced to take a break from the trail in October, after he was diagnosed with Covid-19 himself. Now American voters are deciding whether to give him a second term or put Mr Biden in the White House in his place. | প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচিত হওয়ার অনেক আগে থেকেই যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের বিখ্যাত ও বর্ণাঢ্য ব্যক্তিদের তালিকায় ছিলেন ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। বিশেষ করে তিনি পরিচিত ও আলোচিত ছিলেন একজন ধনকুবের ব্যবসায়ী ও সেলেব্রিটি হিসেবে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Speakers in the church in Houston, Texas, lined up to remember a man whose "crime was that he was born black". Mr Floyd died in Minneapolis last month as a white police officer held a knee on his neck for nearly nine minutes, his final moments filmed on phones. Four police officers involved have been sacked and charged over his death. His coffin was taken from the church driven in a motorcade to the Houston Memorial Gardens where he was to be buried beside his mother. One of Mr Floyd's nieces, Brooke Williams, called for a change in laws which, she argued, were designed to disadvantage black people. "Why must this system be corrupt and broken?" she asked. "Laws were already put in place for the African-American system to fail. And these laws need to be changed. No more hate crimes, please! Someone said 'Make America Great Again', but when has America ever been great?" Republican President Donald Trump's Democratic opponent in the November presidential election, Joe Biden, addressed the service in a video message, saying: "When there is justice for George Floyd, we will truly be on our way to racial justice in America." Mr Biden has sharply criticised Mr Trump, accusing him at the weekend of making "despicable" speculative remarks about Mr Floyd. But the Democratic politician was himself recently accused of taking black American votes for granted when he said African Americans "ain't black" if they even considered voting for Mr Trump. What was said at the funeral? The service was held at the Fountain of Praise church, attended by some 500 guests including politicians and celebrities. "George Floyd was not expendable - this is why we're here," said Al Green, the local Democratic congressman. "His crime was that he was born black." Veteran civil rights activist Reverend Al Sharpton told the service: "All over the world I see grandchildren of slave masters tearing down slave masters' statues." Talking about Mr Floyd's difficult life, he said: "God took the rejected stone and made him the cornerstone of a movement that's gonna change the whole wide world." In Minnesota, Governor Tim Walz called on people to honour the funeral by observing silence for eight minutes and 46 seconds, the time Mr Floyd was pinned to the ground before he died. Mr Floyd's coffin was taken to a cemetery in Pearland, south of Houston, for a private burial ceremony. For the last mile of the procession it was conveyed in a horse-drawn carriage. Barriers were erected along the route to allow members of the public to pay their respects safely as the procession passed. His body was on display at the church for six hours on Monday. Memorial services were also held in Minneapolis and North Carolina, where Mr Floyd was born. What did Biden say about Floyd's family? After visiting the family on Monday, the Democratic candidate told CBS: "His little daughter was there, the one who said 'daddy's going to change the world', and I think her daddy is going to change the world." "I think what happened here is one of the great inflection points in American history, for real, in terms of civil liberties, civil rights and just treating people with dignity." Floyd family spokesman Benjamin Crump, who tweeted a photo of the meeting, said Mr Floyd's relatives welcomed Mr Biden's comments. "That compassion meant the world to this grieving family," he added. More on George Floyd's death How have the protests spread? Anti-racism protests started by Mr Floyd's death are now entering their third week in the US. Huge rallies have been held in several cities, including Washington DC, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Sensitivity to racism has grown in other Western countries in response to George Floyd's death: | পুলিশের হেফাজতে মৃত্যু হওয়া আফ্রিকান-আমেরিকান জর্জ ফ্লয়েডের অন্ত্যেষ্টিক্রিয়ায় উপস্থিতরা বিশ্বের সব বর্ণের মানুষের জন্য সুবিচার নিশ্চিতের দাবি জানান। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Eimi Haga followed the ninja technique of "aburidashi", spending hours soaking and crushing soybeans to make the ink. The words appeared when her professor heated the paper over his gas stove. "It is something I learned through a book when I was little," Ms Haga told the BBC. "I just hoped that no-one would come up with the same idea." Ms Haga has been interested in ninjas - covert agents and assassins in medieval Japan - since watching an animated TV show as a child. After enrolling at Mie University in Japan, the first-year student took a class in ninja history, and was asked to write about a visit to the Ninja Museum of Igaryu. "When the professor said in class that he would give a high mark for creativity, I decided that I would make my essay stand out from others," she said. "I gave a thought for a while, and hit upon the idea of aburidashi." Ms Haga, 19, soaked soybeans overnight, then crushed them before squeezing them in a cloth. She then mixed the soybean extract with water - spending two hours to get the concentration right - before writing her essay with a fine brush on "washi" (thin Japanese paper). Once her words had dried, they became invisible. But, to ensure her professor didn't put the essay in the bin, she left a note in normal ink saying "heat the paper". Ninjas explained The professor, Yuji Yamada, told the BBC he was "surprised" when he saw the essay. "I had seen such reports written in code, but never seen one done in aburidashi," he said. "To tell the truth, I had a little doubt that the words would come out clearly. But when I actually heated the paper over the gas stove in my house, the words appeared very clearly and I thought 'Well done!' "I didn't hesitate to give the report full marks - even though I didn't read it to the very end because I thought I should leave some part of the paper unheated, in case the media would somehow find this and take a picture." As for the essay itself, Ms Haga said it had more style than substance. "I was confident that the professor would at least recognise my efforts to make a creative essay," she said. "So I wasn't really worried about getting a bad score for my essay - though the content itself was nothing special." Additional reporting by the BBC's Hideharu Tamura in Tokyo | একটি খালি কাগজ জমা দেয়ার পর জাপানের নিনজা ইতিহাসের এক শিক্ষার্থীকে সর্বোচ্চ নম্বর দেয়া হয়েছে- তার অধ্যাপক যখন বুঝতে পারেন যে, ওই কাগজে রচনাটি লেখা হয়েছে অদৃশ্য কালিতে, তখন তিনি এই সিদ্ধান্ত নেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | A White House statement said the Trump administration was "deeply concerned" that Iran had imprisoned thousands for engaging in "peaceful protests". It is not known how many people have been arrested. The official figure is about 1,000, but other sources in Iran suggest it could be much higher. Iranian officials say the majority of those arrested have now been released, with only "instigators" facing trial. The unrest - the largest of its kind since a disputed presidential election in 2009 - initially began over price rises and corruption. But it quickly spiralled into a wider display of animosity towards the government and ruling clerics. At least 21 people were killed in violence between protesters and the authorities. The latest US support for the protesters comes as President Donald Trump is deciding whether to continue to extend Iran's relief from sanctions before a deadline on Friday. The relief is in return for Iranian compliance with a 2015 deal on curbing its nuclear activity. 'Legitimate grievances' The White House statement, issued in the name of press secretary Sarah Sanders, said: "The Trump administration is deeply concerned by reports that the Iranian regime has imprisoned thousands of Iranian citizens in the past week for engaging in peaceful protests. "Further reports that the regime has tortured or killed some of these demonstrators while in detention are even more disturbing. "We will not remain silent as the Iranian dictatorship represses the basic rights of its citizens and will hold Iran's leaders accountable for any violations." The statement went on to demand the immediate release of all political prisoners in Iran. | ইরানে সাম্প্রতিক সরকারবিরোধী আন্দোলনে গ্রেপ্তার হওয়া নাগরিকদের মুক্তি দেয়ার দাবি জানিয়েছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The justice department argued that the book had not been properly vetted. Washington DC District Court Judge Royce Lamberth said the government had "failed to establish that an injunction would prevent irreparable harm". Mr Bolton had "gambled" with US national security and already "exposed his country to harm", the judge said. Hundreds of thousands of copies of the book - The Room Where It Happened - have been printed and distributed, and are due to go on sale on Tuesday. In the memoir Mr Bolton paints an unflattering picture of a president whose decision-making was dominated by a desire to be re-elected in November. Mr Trump has said the book is "made up of lies and fake stories". What did the judge's ruling say? The justice department's lawyers argued that Mr Bolton had breached an obligation to complete a pre-publication review of his manuscript to ensure that it contained no classified information. Mr Bolton's lawyers dismissed the claim. They insisted that the manuscript was thoroughly examined and that Mr Trump simply did not like the contents. In his 10-page ruling, Judge Lamberth wrote that Mr Bolton had opted out of the pre-publication review process before its conclusion and that he "likely jeopardized national security by disclosing classified information in violation of his non-disclosure agreement obligations". He nevertheless denied the government's injunction request. "In taking it upon himself to publish his book without securing final approval from national intelligence authorities, Bolton may indeed have caused the country irreparable harm," he wrote. "But in the internet age, even a handful of copies in circulation could irrevocably destroy confidentiality. A single dedicated individual with a book in hand could publish its contents far and wide from his local coffee shop. With hundreds of thousands of copies around the globe - many in newsrooms - the damage is done. There is no restoring the status quo." Shortly after the decision, Mr Trump alleged on Twitter that Mr Bolton "broke the law by releasing Classified Information (in massive amounts)". "He must pay a very big price for this, as others have before him. This should never to happen again!!!" the president added. Later, the president called the ruling a "BIG COURT WIN against Bolton". A lawyer for Mr Bolton, Charles Cooper, welcomed the judge's decision to deny the injunction request. However, he took issue with the conclusion that his client did not comply fully with his contractual pre-publication obligation to the government. "The full story of these events has yet to be told - but it will be," he added. Mr Bolton's publisher, Simon & Schuster, said: "We are grateful that the Court has vindicated the strong First Amendment protections against censorship and prior restraint of publication." What is in the book? Mr Bolton became Mr Trump's national security adviser in April 2018. He left his post in September 2019, after disagreeing strongly with the president over how to handle major challenges like Iran, North Korea and Afghanistan. In The Room Where It Happened, Mr Bolton portrays Mr Trump as an "erratic", "impulsive" and "stunningly uninformed" leader. Among the allegations, which are based on private conversations and are impossible to verify, are that: | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ট্রাম্প তার সাবেক জাতীয় নিরাপত্তা উপদেষ্টা জন বোল্টনের লেখা একটি বই-এর প্রকাশ আটকের দেওয়ার জন্য যে অনুরোধ করেছিলেন একজন বিচারক তা প্রত্যাখ্যান করেছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Last Friday, Kim Yong-chol was widely reported to have been sent to a re-education camp as punishment. North Korean media showed him apparently at a musical performance with other officials. A list of attendees identified him as present, though a picture showed his face partly obscured by his hands. Kim Yong-chol, a former spymaster, has been described as the North Korean leader's right-hand man. He travelled to the US in January to prepare for the second summit meeting between Mr Kim and President Trump, which was held in Vietnam. Friday's reports that Kim Yong-chol had disappeared began with an anonymous source quoted in a South Korean newspaper. The paper also said that Kim Hyok-chol, a former North Korean envoy to the US, had been executed at an airport in Pyongyang. Kim Hyok-chol was another key figure in talks ahead of the US-North Korea summit held in February. Though he was not among the attendees listed for Sunday's event, state media have not yet reported any execution or punishment so his whereabouts remain unclear. Was Kim Yong-chol really sent to a labour camp? Kim Yong-chol's reported attendance at Sunday's concert does not guarantee that he was not blamed or punished for the collapse of the Vietnam talks. "I wouldn't be surprised if he was demoted," North Korea expert Andrei Lankov of Seoul's Kookmin University told the BBC. "But he was seen quite alive on Sunday and that means he is still in a position of power. "Had he been in prison or in a labour camp, he would never have been allowed to be seen at an event like this." Asked if there was any doubt over the state media account, Mr Lankov replied: "He was pictured at the official photo, he was mentioned by the KCNA (Korean Central News Agency). They have no reason to engage in complicated charades." It can be difficult to verify reports that high-ranking North Koreans have fallen from favour and been purged or executed - and such claims often prove inaccurate. South Korean media and the government in Seoul have alleged purges in the past, only for the individuals to turn up alive and still alongside Kim Jong-un. Singer Hyon Song-wol is a prominent example. In 2013 she was alleged to have been shot in a "hail of machine gun fire while members of her orchestra looked on". In 2018 though, the singer appeared in Seoul leading a visiting North Korean delegation ahead of the Winter Olympics. | উত্তর কোরিয়ান একজন কর্মকর্তা - যাকে শ্রম শিবিরে পাঠিয়ে দেয়া হয়েছে বলে খবর বেরিয়েছিল - তিনি সেদেশের নেতা কিম জং আনের সাথে একটি অনুষ্ঠানে যোগ দিয়েছেন বলে রাষ্ট্রীয় সংবাদ মাধ্যমে বলা হয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Its own vaccine Sputnik V, which was registered in August, is being used. Developers say it is 95% effective and causes no major side effects, but it is still undergoing mass testing. Thousands of people have already registered to get the first of two jabs over the weekend, but it is unclear how much Russia can manufacture. Producers are expected to only make two million doses of the vaccine by the end of the year. Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, who announced the programme earlier in the week, said it was being offered to people in the city of 13 million who work in schools and the health service, and social workers. He said the list would grow as more of the vaccine became available. An online registration service allows city residents in the above professions aged 18-60 to book free appointments at 70 sites around the city. They will operate from 08:00 until 20:00 local time (05:00-17:00 GMT). People who have received injections in the last 30 days or who have had respiratory diseases within the last two weeks will be excluded, as will those with certain chronic illnesses, and pregnant and breastfeeding women. Each person will receive two injections, the second 21 days after the first. Recipients calm as vaccine rolled out By Sarah Rainsford, BBC News, Moscow We've seen a handful of health workers and teachers getting vaccinated at this smart, central Moscow clinic. They were all calm enough about receiving Sputnik V, even though it's still undergoing mass trials to test its safety and efficacy. One doctor said she'd seen enough Covid patients at her own hospital to prefer taking her chances with the vaccine. When I asked another woman whether she was worried about the experimental injection, she reasoned that "everything has to start somewhere". Everyone said they'd signed up voluntarily. Patients are asked a few general health questions before getting the vaccine, which is removed from the deep freeze around 15 minutes before use. A leaflet warns of possible side effects, though it suggests those are most likely to be mild and last a couple of days at most. 'Let everyone else get vaccinated' Reactions among the public to the vaccine rollout have been mixed, however. "I like it because this is a chance to turn the tide, to reduce the infection rate," resident Igor Krivobokov told Reuters news agency. But another, Sergei Grishin, said he did not plan to get the jab. "This process will take a long time. Only a small amount of the vaccine has been produced... Let everyone else get vaccinated, and if they will - I will survive," he said. So far Russia has recorded 2,431,731 cases of the virus, and 42,684 deaths. On Saturday it reported a record daily high of 28,782 new cases. Hospitals all over the country have been overstretched. Moscow is the centre of the pandemic in Russia, recording thousands of cases and dozens of deaths daily. The total number of cases for the past 24 hours was 7,993. Russia's government has ruled out a lockdown, but in November Mr Sobyanin introduced restrictions in Moscow on opening hours for bars and clubs, moved higher education students to distance learning and reduced cultural and sporting events. | মস্কোয় সবচেয়ে বেশি ঝুঁকিতে থাকা নাগরিকদের কোভিড-১৯ টিকা দেয়ার কর্মসূচী শুরু করেছে রাশিয়া। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Sylvia SmithBBC News, Saudi Arabia The rock-strewn deserts of Al Ula in Saudi Arabia are known for their pitch-black skies, which allow stargazers to easily study celestial bodies without the problem of light pollution. But the region is becoming even more attractive for archaeologists. A long-lost culture known as the Nabataean civilisation inhabited the area starting from around 100 BC and persisted for some 200 years. While the Nabataeans ruled their empire from the stunning city of Petra in Jordan, they made Hegra (the modern Mada'in Saleh) in Al Ula their second capital. Now, archaeologists are planning to carry out the first in-depth survey of a chunk of land here that's roughly the size of Belgium. The large international team of more than 60 experts has started work on an initial, two-year project to survey the core area of 3,300 sq km in north-western Saudi Arabia. This is the first time such a large area of more or less scientifically uncharted territory has been systematically investigated. The Nabataeans Excavations have been carried out in and around Mada'in Saleh and other recognised Nabataean sites for some time by a group of Saudi archaeologists including Abdulrahman Alsuhaibani, a lecturer at the King Saud University in Riyadh. "I have focused on the earlier Dedanite and Lihyanite civilisations," he explains. "Now that the Royal Commission for Al Ula is involved there will be greater scope for deeper understanding of how early societies evolved." The involvement of the Royal Commission ensures that cutting-edge technology is at the disposal of archaeologists experienced in the field. While Google Earth and the trained eye can often distinguish natural and man-made features, it is light aircraft equipped with specialist cameras that offer the most detailed imagery of the territory - which includes the Al Ula wadi and its feeder valleys. This can capture hitherto unknown archaeological features. According to Rebecca Foote, the American archaeologist in charge of the survey for the Royal Commission for Al Ula, previous efforts have concentrated on excavation, because a systematic survey on this scale requires time and resources that are only now available. She believes that the scope of the undertaking will put Saudi Arabia on the ancient history map. "A great deal is known about the first to third millennium BC and we're well informed about ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia," she acknowledges. "Yet comparatively little about the Arabian peninsula in ancient times has been discovered. Exactly how our findings will impact on understanding of ancient history, we don't yet know. But it is likely to reshape the world view of earlier periods." Foote spent many years working in Petra, the ancient city in Jordan that remains the best known monument left by the Nabataean civilisation. She says aerial archaeology will be key to exploring the culture's funerary architecture, standing stones and more unusual sites that would otherwise take years to investigate. "The technology now provides a reliable and comprehensive overview," she explains. "Nothing like this has been done before on this scale." While earlier French-led excavations revealed a loosely controlled incense trading network running up the western side of Arabia and passing through Al Ula, Rebecca Foote is keen to build on this and learn more about the role water played in the area's prosperity. She comments: "We can guess that they had a successful agricultural economy, but was there a tax on incense? How did they manage their water?" With the hydrology study about to start, answers should begin to come in thanks in part to the work of the aerial archaeology team, which helps pinpoint specific locations. Flying at between two and three thousand feet, the integrated survey group led by Oxford Archaeology's Jamie Quartermaine has already covered half the anticipated 11,500 sites. Often known as preventative surveys, this work is usually carried out to ensure that no future building work will come near archaeological sites. "We've learned from the mistakes of other countries and we're taking the time to prevent any damage here," he says. "Being accessible to the general public, as is planned for the future, doesn't mean a free-for all." The survey also helps provide answers for specialists in fields such as rock art. "Even five years ago GPS just wasn't accurate enough," Jamie Quartermaine explains. "Today we are using several different methods of photography including drones, cameras suspended below the body of light aircraft and cutting-edge aerial orthophotography." Providing an adjusted image every two to three seconds, the thousands of pictures measure true distances - having been adjusted for topographic relief. Specialist software combines these into a high-resolution, detailed model of the landscape. The cameras are set at a 45-degree angle and so far have found burial sites, Bronze Age funerary landscapes and burial structures. Additionally, drones are used with cameras set at the same angle. "This allows us to view not only the horizontal plane, but to some extent the vertical," he continues. "We're forewarned as to the likelihood of finding rock art in particular locations." The final stage of the survey sends specialist team members, such as rock art expert Maria Guagnin, out into the field on foot. Having spent five years in northern Arabia, Maria is impressed by the huge database being created that covers all periods. "For the first time, we're looking at every aspect of the archaeological landscape," she points out. "Our knowledge of the prehistoric distribution of animal species is so far largely dependent on the location of excavated archaeological and palaeontological sites. "Many species have been assumed to have been absent from the Arabian peninsula, but rock art panels have shown otherwise." The presence of previously undocumented mammal species in Al Ula provides new information regarding their distribution, as well as the types of habitat and vegetation that were available in prehistoric landscapes. Animal depictions also help with dating. It is considered unlikely, for example, that horses or camels with riders existed before 1,200 BC. Domesticated cattle, sheep and goats were introduced to the Arabian peninsula between 6,800 and 6,200 BC. They were domesticated in the Levant and brought to Saudi Arabia. That provides a way of dating rock art, because prior to that date it's unlikely domesticated animals were in the area. The vast amount of information being collated by the Al Ula international team is likely to be of use to sites such as Petra, including revealing likely routes between Petra and Mada'in Saleh (Hegra). Abdulrahman Alsuhaibani has been excavating for some years at Dedan, a site holding evidence of a civilisation that pre-dates the Nabataeans. He says the scope of the work is such that it will take generations to get to grips with the results: "What makes this work so important on the world stage is that it will provide an account of not just Mada'in Saleh and Petra but earlier civilisations that are largely unknown to us." One of Abdulrahman's roles is training students from the King Saud University in Riyadh, which has a small outpost in Al Ula. "They are learning in the context of one of the most extensive surveys and subsequent excavations," he says. "Today's students may well make discoveries that we can't even imagine today." | সৌদি আরবের একাংশে প্রথমবারের মতো গভীর প্রত্নতাত্ত্বিক জরিপ শুরু করেছে এক দল গবেষক। উদ্দেশ্য একসময় সেই অঞ্চলে বসবাসকারী এক রহস্যময় সভ্যতার বিষয়ে আলোকপাত করা। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Chinese officials accused the US of inciting countries "to attack China", while the US said China had "arrived intent on grandstanding". Relations between the two superpowers are at their most strained for years. The US pledged to raise contentious issues such as Beijing's treatment of Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang. The ill-tempered talks in Anchorage involved Secretary of State Antony Blinken and National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan on the US side, facing off with China's most senior foreign policy official, Yang Jiechi, and foreign minister Wang Yi. However, a US official said the subsequent talks behind closed doors had been "substantive, serious and direct" and ran over the planned two hours. In a blunt opening statement before the talks in private, Mr Blinken said the US would "discuss our deep concerns with actions by China, including in Xinjiang, Hong Kong, Taiwan, cyber attacks on the United States, economic coercion of our allies". "Each of these actions threaten the rules-based order that maintains global stability," he said. In response, Mr Yang accused Washington of using its military might and financial supremacy to suppress other countries. "It abuses so-called notions of national security to obstruct normal trade exchanges, and incite some countries to attack China," he added. Mr Yang said human rights in the US were at a low point, with black Americans being "slaughtered". Mr Sullivan hit back, saying Washington did not seek a conflict with China, but added: "We will always stand up for our principles for our people, and for our friends." The exchange, which took place in front of the world's media, went on for more than an hour. It came at the start of three sessions, which are due to end on Friday morning. It is the first high-level meeting between the US and China since last June - during the administration of the previous US President, Donald Trump. Unusually undiplomatic It was an unusually undiplomatic sparring match, especially for a meeting called to take stock of the US-China relationship under a new American administration. Beforehand the Biden team had been blunt in public criticism of Beijing. So the Chinese knew what to expect and seemed to have come prepared to hit back. They were particularly angry that Washington had imposed sanctions on them the day before the talks, over a crackdown on pro-democracy advocates in Hong Kong. There may have been a certain amount of posturing involved, as a US official said the private conversation that followed was substantive and serious. The Biden administration has said it will be tough on issues of concern, but willing to work with Beijing on matters of interest. However, it has described the relationship as a geopolitical competition between democracy and autocracy. And the Chinese have refused to compromise on what they say are matters of national sovereignty and security. Whether or not they can find pragmatic points of co-operation will be the measure of how the relationship moves forward. Afterwards, the US delegation accused China of violating the agreed protocol of two minutes of opening remarks by each side. "The Chinese delegation... seems to have arrived intent on grandstanding, focused on public theatrics and dramatics over substance," a senior administration official said. The official said the US would continue with the talks as planned, adding that "exaggerated diplomatic presentations often are aimed at a domestic audience". In later remarks via state media, Chinese officials said it had been the US, not China, that had violated protocol by exceeding the agreed time in opening remarks. They accused the US of making a "groundless attack on China's domestic and foreign policies". On a more positive note, it quoted Mr Yang as saying that "serious difficulties in China-US relations in the past should not continue". The BBC's Barbara Plett Usher says the talks are the first chance for the Biden administration to show how it intends to deal with what Mr Blinken has called "the biggest geopolitical test of the 21st Century". China is looking for a reset after relations hit rock bottom under the Trump administration, our correspondent adds. Mr Wang has said that Beijing is ready to reopen "constructive dialogue." What do China and the US disagree about? Quite a lot. Trade for instance. The US accuses China of unfair practices, such as subsidising industries, stealing intellectual property, keeping its currency low and putting up barriers to trade. For its part, China wants the big trade tariffs introduced by the Trump administration on Chinese goods eliminated. It also accuses the US of "suppressing" successful Chinese tech companies, such as Huawei. Human rights and democracy. The US accuses China of genocide against the Uighur population in the province of Xinjiang, and trampling on democratic rights in Hong Kong with a recently introduced security law. But China calls on the US to stop interfering in what Beijing considers its internal affairs and accuses the US of "smearing" the ruling Communist Party. China is also pushing back against what it sees as US naval encroachment in the South China Sea, which Beijing considers Chinese territory. | প্রেসিডেন্ট বাইডেনের আমলে এই প্রথম যুক্তরাষ্ট্র এবং চীনের মধ্যে যে উচ্চপর্যায়ের আলোচনা শুরু হয়েছে সেখানে দু'পক্ষই পরস্পরকে তীব্র ভাষায় তিরস্কার করেছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Tim HarfordPresenter, 50 Things That Made the Modern Economy Drake had been hoping to find "rock oil", a brownish unrefined "crude" oil that sometimes bubbled near the surface of western Pennsylvania. He planned to refine it into kerosene, for lamps - a substitute for increasingly expensive whale oil. There would also be less useful by-products, such as gasoline, but if he couldn't find a buyer for that he could always pour it away. The message had been sent, but Drake had not yet received it when his drill bit punctured an underground reservoir full of crude oil under pressure. From 69 ft (21m) beneath the surface, the oil began to rise. The whales had been saved, and the world was about to change. Just a few miles south and a few years later, came a hint of what lay in store. When oil was struck at Pithole, Pennsylvania, in 1864, "there were not 50 inhabitants within half a dozen miles", according to the New York Times. A year later, Pithole had at least 10,000 inhabitants, 50 hotels, one of the country's busiest post offices, two telegraph stations and dozens of brothels. A few men made fortunes, but a real economy is complex and self-sustaining. Pithole was neither, and within another year, it was gone. Its oil boom did not last, but our thirst for the fuel grew and grew. The modern economy is drenched in oil. 50 Things That Made the Modern Economy highlights the inventions, ideas and innovations that helped create the economic world. It is broadcast on the BBC World Service. You can find more information about the programme's sources and listen to all the episodes online or subscribe to the programme podcast. It's the source of more than a third of the world's energy. That's more than coal, and more than twice as much as nuclear, hydroelectric and renewable energy sources combined. Oil and gas together provide a quarter of our electricity, and the raw material for most plastics. Then there's transport. Edwin Drake may have questioned who would buy gasoline, but the internal combustion engine was about to give him an answer. From cars to trucks, cargo ships to jet planes, oil-derived fuel still moves us - and stuff - around. No wonder the price of oil is arguably the most important single price in the world. In 1973, when some Arab states declared an embargo on sales to several rich nations, prices surged from $3 to $12 a barrel in just six months. It led to a global slowdown, with US recessions following subsequent price spikes in 1978, 1990, and 2001. Some economists even believe that record high oil prices played an important role in the global recession of 2008, which is conventionally blamed on the banking crisis alone. As oil goes, so goes the economy. So why did we become so excruciatingly dependent on the stuff? Daniel Yergin's magisterial history of oil, The Prize, begins with a dilemma for Winston Churchill. Churchill was made head of the Royal Navy in 1911. One of his first decisions was whether the British Empire would meet the challenge of an expansionist Germany with new battleships powered by safe, secure Welsh coal, or by oil from faraway Persia - modern-day Iran. Why would anyone rely on such an insecure source? Because oil-fired battleships would accelerate more quickly and sustain a higher speed, required fewer men to deal with the fuel and would have more capacity for guns and ammunition. Oil was simply a better fuel than coal. Churchill's "fateful plunge" in April 1912 reflected the same logic that has governed our dependence on oil - and shaped global politics - ever since. After Churchill's decision, the British Treasury bought a majority stake in the Anglo-Persian oil company - the ancestor of BP. In 1951, it was nationalised by the government of Iran. Our company, protested the British. Our oil, responded the Iranians. The argument would be repeated around the world over the subsequent decades. Some countries did well. Saudi Arabia is one of the richest on the planet, thanks to its large oil reserves. Its state-owned oil company, Saudi Aramco, is worth more than Apple or Google or Amazon. Still, nobody would mistake Saudi Arabia for a complex, sophisticated economy such as that of Japan or Germany. It's perhaps a bit more like Pithole on a grander scale. Elsewhere, from Iraq to Iran, Venezuela to Nigeria, few oil-rich countries have prospered from the discovery. Economists call it the "curse of oil". Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo, Venezuela's oil minister in the early 1960s, had a more vivid description. "It is the devil's excrement," he declared in 1975. "We are drowning in the devil's excrement." More things that made the modern economy: Why is it a problem to have lots of oil? Exporting it pushes up the value of your currency - which can make everything other than oil prohibitively expensive to produce at home. That means it can be hard to develop manufacturing or complex service industries. Historically, many politicians have tried to monopolise their country's oil for themselves and their allies. Dictatorships are not uncommon. There is money - for some - but such economies tend to be thin and brittle. That's one reason we might hope for something to replace oil. Climate change, obviously, is another. But oil has so far stubbornly resisted giving way to batteries. This is because machines that move around need to carry their own source of power with them - the lighter the better. A kilogram of petrol stores as much energy as 60kg of batteries, and has the convenient property of disappearing after use. Empty batteries, alas, are just as heavy as full ones. Electric cars are finally starting to break through. Electric jumbo jets are a tougher challenge. There was a time when it seemed as though oil might simply start to run out - "peak oil" was the phrase - pushing prices ever higher, and giving us the impetus to move to a clean, renewable economy. In fact, oil is being discovered far more quickly than it is being consumed. This is partly thanks to the rapid growth of hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking", a controversial process in which water, sand and chemicals are pumped underground under high pressure to release oil and gas. Fracking is more like manufacturing than traditional exploration and production. It's standardised, enjoying rapid productivity gains and the process starts and stops depending on whether the price is right. Many critics have expressed fears about its potential long-term environmental consequences. However, the Permian Basin - home of the US fracking industry - already produces more oil than the 14 members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (Opec) group, apart from Saudi Arabia and Iraq. It seems we are still drowning in the Devil's Excrement, and may continue to do so for some time. The author writes the Financial Times's Undercover Economist column. 50 Things That Made the Modern Economy is broadcast on the BBC World Service. You can find more information about the programme's sources and listen to all the episodes online or subscribe to the programme podcast. | ১৮৫৯ সালের ২৭ আগস্ট একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বার্তা পাঠানো হল। উদ্যোক্তা এডউইন ড্রেকের শেষ আর্থিক সহায়তাকারী অবশেষে ধৈর্য্য হারিয়ে ফেলেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Protests took place outside at least two universities, with tear gas reportedly fired. US President Donald Trump tweeted support for the "inspiring" protests. Iran on Saturday admitted downing the jet "unintentionally", three days after the crash that killed 176 people. Ukraine International Airlines flight PS752, en route to Kyiv, was shot down on Wednesday near Imam Khomeini Airport in Tehran shortly after take-off, and only hours after Iran had fired missiles at two air bases housing US forces in Iraq. Those attacks were Iran's response to the US killing of senior Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani in a drone strike in Baghdad on 3 January. Dozens of Iranians and Canadians, as well as nationals from Ukraine, the UK, Afghanistan and Sweden died on the plane. What happened at the protests? Students gathered outside at least two universities, Sharif and Amir Kabir, reports said, initially to pay respect to the victims. Protests turned angry in the evening. The semi-official Fars news agency carried a rare report of the unrest, saying up to 1,000 people had chanted slogans against leaders and tore up pictures of Soleimani. The students called for those responsible for the downing the plane, and those they said had covered up the action, to be prosecuted. Chants included "commander-in-chief resign", referring to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, and "death to liars". Fars said police had "dispersed" the protesters, who were blocking roads. Social media footage appeared to show tear gas being fired. Social media users also vented anger at the government's actions. One wrote on Twitter: "I will never forgive the authorities in my country, the people who were on the scene and lying." The protests were, however, far smaller than the mass demonstrations across Iran in support of Soleimani after he was killed. What has been the reaction? President Trump tweeted in both English and Farsi, saying: "To the brave and suffering Iranian people: I have stood with you since the beginning of my presidency and my government will continue to stand with you. "We are following your protests closely. Your courage is inspiring." Secretary of State Mike Pompeo tweeted video of the protests in Iran, saying: "The voice of the Iranian people is clear. They are fed up with the regime's lies, corruption, ineptitude, and brutality of the IRGC [Revolutionary Guards] under Khamenei's kleptocracy. We stand with the Iranian people who deserve a better future." The UK's Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab issued an angry statement after British ambassador Rob Macaire was arrested "without grounds or explanation" in a "flagrant violation of international law" at one of the protests in Tehran. Mr Macaire was detained at the demonstration outside Amir Kabir and was later released. Mr Raab said Iran could "continue its march towards pariah status... or take steps to de-escalate tensions and engage in a diplomatic path forwards". How did the Iranian admission unfold? For three days, Iran had denied reports its missiles had brought down the plane, with one spokesman accusing Western nations of "lying and engaging in psychological warfare". But on Saturday morning, a statement read on state TV accepted the plane had been shot down. Brig-Gen Amir Ali Hajizadeh, the Revolutionary Guards' aerospace commander, explained what happened. He said a missile operator had acted independently and alone, mistaking the plane for a "cruise missile" as there had been reports that such missiles had been fired at Iran. "He had 10 seconds to decide. He could have decided to strike or not to strike and under such circumstances he took the wrong decision," Gen Hajizadeh said. "He was obliged to make contact and get verification. But apparently, his communications system had some disruptions." Gen Hajizadeh said the military would upgrade its systems to prevent such "mistakes" in the future. He said he had "wished he was dead" after being told of the missile strike. Gen Hajizadeh said he had informed the authorities about what had happened on Wednesday, raising questions about why Iran had denied involvement for so long. Ayatollah Khamenei said there was "proof of human error", while President Hassan Rouhani said Iran "deeply regrets this disastrous mistake". Foreign Minister Javad Zarif laid part of the blame on the US. "Human error at a time of crisis caused by US adventurism led to [this] disaster," he said. How have Canada and Ukraine reacted? Both Ukrainian President Volodomyr Zelensky and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau spoke with Mr Rouhani on Saturday. Mr Trudeau said he was "outraged and furious" and had told Mr Rouhani that there must be a full investigation with "full clarity on how such a horrific tragedy could have occurred". Mr Trudeau said: "Canada will not rest until we get the accountability, justice and closure the families deserve... they are hurt, angry and grieving and they want answers." Mr Zelensky, who has demanded compensation and an apology, said Mr Rouhani had assured him that "all persons involved in this air disaster will be brought to justice". In the Canadian city of Edmonton, Pegah Salari is helping to organise a memorial service for the victims from the city on Sunday. She says the latest admission by Iran means "now it's more than grief", first felt in the Iranian-Canadian community there. "It's anger, frustration," she said. Many on the plane were living there, including 10 people - faculty members, students, and alumni - from the University of Alberta. Ms Salari is openly critical and distrustful of the Iranian government and is watching news of the protests in Iran with both trepidation and hope. There are some in the Iranian diaspora in Canada who support the government in Tehran, which can cause tension, she said. For the moment, that has been set aside, Ms Salari says. "It's not a political matter, it has nothing to do with economics. This for the first time is a human tragedy and all those lost lives has brought people closer and opened some eyes." | ইরানের রাজধানী তেহরানে কয়েকশ বিক্ষোভকারী রাস্তায় নেমে ক্ষোভ প্রকাশ করছে। ইউক্রেনের একটি যাত্রীবাহী বিমান, ক্ষেপণাস্ত্র ছুড়ে ভূপাতিত করার বিষয়টি অস্বীকার করার কারণে সংশ্লিষ্ট কর্মকর্তাদের মিথ্যাবাদী বলে অভিহিত করেছে তারা। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Jan Kuciak, 27, and his partner Martina Kusnirova were shot dead in their home. Both were found with single gunshot wounds on Sunday. Several newspapers in Slovakia have printed Kuciak's last article, which links the Italian mafia to high-level political corruption. Mr Fico held a press conference on Tuesday, where he stood by piles of banknotes that the government is promising in exchange for information about the killings. Press speculation about the motive for the mysterious murders has been rife in Slovakia. Kuciak's colleagues in the media say that authorities should look no further than his latest piece, published by Slovak outlets overnight. In the unfinished article, he alleges that businessmen in eastern Slovakia - with links to Calabria's notorious 'Ndrangheta mafia - are embezzling EU structural funds. He also claims that they have political ties in the country. According to earlier media reports, Maria Toroskova, a senior advisor to PM Fico, was among those being probed. "Do not link innocent people without any evidence to a double homicide," Mr Fico told journalists on Tuesday. "It's crossing the line. It's no longer funny." During the Tuesday press conference Mr Fico complained about "political abuse of a tragedy" after opposition politicians held a news conference making accusations linking the ruling Smer party to the killings. Opposition groups have called for fresh anti-corruption protests in the capital Bratislava on Wednesday. Police President Tibor Gaspar said authorities had questioned 20 people since Monday, and had contacted the Czech Republic and Italy about the investigation. Mr Gaspar also confirmed the EU's police agency Europol had offered their specialist assistance with the investigation. The chief has said the motive was "most likely" related to Kuciak's investigative journalism, and has warned reporters about publishing details of the case. "How can we do our work effectively if you are alerting some people who may be involved?" he said. Like other ex-communist countries, Slovakia enacted far-reaching law and justice reforms in order to qualify for EU membership. Kuciak had been working for Aktuality.sk, an online unit of Swiss and German-owned publisher Ringier Axel Springer, for three years. He, like fellow murdered Maltese journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia, worked on the Panama Papers scandal. The Slovak Prime Minister has said he would meet media outlets to assure them "that the protection of freedom of speech and the safety of journalists is our common priority and that it is extremely important to my government". | স্লোভাকিয়ায় একজন সাংবাদিকের হত্যার পর খুনিদের ধরে দিতে ১০ লক্ষ ইউরো পুরষ্কার ঘোষণা করেছেন প্রধানমন্ত্রী রবার্ট ফিকো। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Tibet-born Baimadajie Angwang is accused of reporting on the activities of Chinese citizens in the New York area and assessing potential sources of intelligence in the Tibetan community. The naturalised US citizen, who worked for the police department's community affairs unit, was arrested on Monday. If convicted, he faces a maximum sentence of 55 years in prison. According to prosecutors, Angwang is also employed by the US Army Reserve, working as a civil affairs specialist. He is accused of being in contact with two officials at the Chinese consulate. Aside from reporting on Tibetans in the city, he allegedly provided the consulate with access to senior NYPD officials through invitations to official events. Angwang told his Chinese official handler that he wanted to be promoted within the NYPD so that he could assist China and bring the country "glory", court documents said. Angwang is also accused of committing wire fraud, making false statements and obstructing an official proceeding. Court documents said he received "multiple substantial wire transfers from the PRC [People's Republic of China]". According to the documents, his father is a retired member of China's army and a member of the Communist Party of China. His mother is also a member of the party and a former government official. "As alleged in this federal complaint, Baimadajie Angwang violated every oath he took in this country. One to the United States, another to the US Army, and a third to this Police Department," NYPD Commissioner Dermot F Shea said in a statement. Tibet, a remote and mainly Buddhist territory, is governed as an autonomous region of China. Beijing says the region has developed considerably under its rule. But rights groups say China continues to violate human rights, accusing Beijing of political and religious oppression - something Beijing denies. | চীনের পক্ষে অবৈধভাবে গুপ্তচরবৃত্তি করার জন্য নিউইয়র্ক সিটি পুলিশ বিভাগের একজন কর্মকর্তার বিরুদ্ধে অভিযোগ আনা হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | He told reporters that he and his team were looking "very, very seriously" at the situation, following an alleged chemical attack on the town of Douma. Western powers are thought to be preparing for strikes but Russia, a Syrian ally, opposes such action. Moscow's UN envoy Vassily Nebenzia said he "cannot exclude" the possibility of a war between Russia and the US. "The immediate priority is to avert the danger of war," he told reporters on Thursday. Also on Thursday, French President Emmanuel Macron said he had "proof" that the Syrian government had attacked Douma with chemical weapons. In the UK, cabinet ministers agreed "on the need to take action" in Syria to "deter the further use of chemical weapons", the office of Prime Minister Theresa May said. Mrs May spoke with President Trump late on Thursday and they agreed to "keep working closely" on the issue, her office said in a statement. The White House says Mr Trump will also speak to his French counterpart. The UN Security Council is to hold an emergency meeting later to discuss the crisis. What has Trump said about the attack? On Sunday, the day after the attack, the US president said Russian President Vladimir Putin bore responsibility for the "atrocity" in rebel-held Douma, because of his support for the Syrian government. Mr Trump, who has cancelled a planned trip abroad, has been canvassing support for strikes from the leaders of France and the UK. On Wednesday he said the missiles were "coming", but on Thursday he tweeted that he had "never said when". It "could be very soon or not so soon at all", he said. He later told reporters at the White House: "We're having a meeting today on Syria... We have to make some further decisions. So they'll be made fairly soon." Also on Thursday, US Secretary of Defence Jim Mattis told a congressional panel: "I believe there was a chemical attack and we are looking for the actual evidence." What happened in Douma? Activists and medics say dozens of people died when government aircraft dropped bombs filled with toxic chemicals on Douma on Saturday. President Assad's government denies being behind any chemical attack. The international Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is set to send monitors to Douma to gather evidence. On Thursday US officials were quoted as saying that samples from victims have tested positive for chlorine and a nerve agent. Douma was the last major rebel stronghold near Damascus. Local activists say the main leaders of the group that held it have left, following an agreement between Russia and the rebels. Macron's 'red lines' Lucy Williamson, BBC News, Paris A year ago, Russian President Vladimir Putin stood grim-faced in the opulence of France's Versailles Palace, as a newly elected Emmanuel Macron announced that the use of chemical weapons in Syria "would result in reprisal and an immediate response". Now Mr Macron - who likes to be seen as a president who does what he says he will do - is facing the test of what "reprisal" actually means. Former US President Barack Obama was derided in France for not following through on his own "red line" after Syrian attacks five years ago. "When you fix red lines," Mr Macron told a French newspaper last year, "if you can't enforce them, you decide to be weak." Strength is an important part of President Macron's bid to project French influence - and a key element, too, of his new political friendship with his US counterpart Donald Trump. Click here for Lucy Williamson's full analysis What is Russia's position? Russia has described the reports of a chemical attack as a "provocation" designed to justify Western intervention. Senior Russian figures have warned that missiles threatening the country's forces in Syria will be shot down and their launch sites targeted. President Vladimir Putin said on Wednesday that he hoped common sense would prevail and that the situation would stabilise. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন সিরিয়ায় রাসায়নিক হামলার বিষয়ে কি করা হবে সেই সিদ্ধান্ত "শীঘ্রই" নেয়া হবে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The company has published an updated prospectus for its initial public offering (IPO), seeking more than $25bn for the sale of 1.5% of its shares. That would make it potentially the world's biggest IPO, coming from the world's most profitable company It is short of the $2tn valuation that Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman was reportedly keen to achieve. "The base offer size will be 1.5% of the company's outstanding shares," the state-owned energy giant said in a statement that set the price range at 30-32 Saudi riyals per share ($8-$8.5). That could value the IPO at as much as 96bn riyals ($25.60bn) at the top end of the range. If priced at the top end, the deal could just beat the record-breaking $25bn raised by Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba in 2014. Individual retail investors, as well as big institutions, will have a chance to buy shares. Aramco had initially been expected to sell some 5% of its shares on two exchanges, with a first listing of 2% on the kingdom's Tadawul bourse, and then another 3% on an overseas exchange. The firm says there are now no current plans for an international sale, with that long-discussed goal now seemingly being put on ice. Aramco called off a number of so-called roadshows for the shares, aimed at enticing foreign buyers, the Financial Times reported. European meetings were cancelled on Monday after similar pitches in Asia and the US were dropped at the weekend, the newspaper said. The crown prince is seeking to sell the shares to raise billions of dollars to diversify the Saudi economy away from oil by investing in non-energy industries. Analysts S&P Global Ratings said the stock market debut could enable Saudi Arabia to strengthen its financial position. "If subsequently effectively deployed, the funds raised could be used to support longer-term economic growth in Saudi Arabia," it said. In its prospectus released last week, the company lists a variety of investment risks ranging from terrorist attacks to geopolitical tensions in a region dominated by Saudi-Iran rivalry. The 600-page prospectus also includes the government's control over oil output as another potential risk. After the flotation, Aramco will not list any more shares for six months, the prospectus says. Although one of the attractions for investors is the potential of high dividends, the document said Aramco has the right to change dividend policy without prior notice. Aramco has hired a host of international banking giants including Citibank, Credit Suisse and HSBC as financial advisers to assess interest in the share sale and set a price. Based on the level of interest. The sale of the company, first mooted four years ago, has been overshadowed by delays and criticism of corporate transparency at Saudi Arabia's crown jewel. Aramco last year posted $111bn in net profit. In the first nine months of this year, its net profit dropped 18% to $68bn. Analysis: Katie Prescott, BBC business correspondent A third of Aramco's shares - about $8bn worth - will be sold to the man and (the prospectus says) even the divorced woman on the street, giving local Saudi Arabians a stake in their nation's cash cow for the first time. A TV and billboard advertising campaign, as well as social media, is stoking enthusiasm on the ground and demand is expected to be high. For the remaining $16bn, the oil giant is turning to institutional investors. And a source close to the company says there has been sufficient interest that they're confident they can cover most of this off within the Gulf. But there will be disappointment amongst officials if global demand is not there for the jewel in Saudi Arabia's crown. A fossil fuels company owned by an absolute monarchy in a volatile region are not an easy sell for many Western firms, pursuing the latest trend in investment policy of "ESG" (Environmental, Social and Governance) criteria. Norway's sovereign wealth fund is among those to already rule themselves out from investing. But the promise of sharing the promised annual $75bn cash dividend pot might be too good for some to miss, according to James Bevan, Chief Investment Officer at CCLA Investment Management (one of the UK's largest charity fund managers). Given his firm's focus, he is not looking to invest in the shares but explains why some are. "It's a 'risk' in the eyes of some investors to be very underweight in oil and gas, and Aramco may be a means of plugging a sector gap with perhaps less worry than associated with holding Gazprom," he says. Investors follow indexes - such as the FTSE 100 - which are made up of array of types of industries and so some feel oil and gas needs to be correspondingly represented in their portfolio. As Aramco's big sales pitch road show kicks off, the real test of investor appetite for the company will begin. | সৌদি আরবের রাষ্ট্রীয় তেল সংস্থা আরামকো শেয়ার বিক্রির জন্য তাদের যে প্রাথমিক মূল্যায়ন করেছে, তাতে আইপিওর মূল্য দাঁড়িয়েছে ১ লক্ষ ৭০ হাজার কোটি ডলার। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Parliament is to be suspended for five weeks ahead of 31 October, the day the UK is due to leave the EU. That's just nine weeks away. People who want the UK to remain in the EU are calling it a coup - and even some in favour of Brexit have criticised the move. Mr Johnson wants to start a new parliamentary session, with a fresh programme, from 14 October. Instead of a normal three-week autumn recess, parliament will now wrap up some time around 10 September. With so little time, MPs would find it difficult to stop the UK leaving the EU without a deal. Wait, what just happened? Parliament always stops work for a few weeks in the autumn. But this isn't a normal recess: Mr Johnson is cutting short the current parliamentary session at a critical time. The UK was originally scheduled to leave the EU on 29 March. After Parliament rejected the deal negotiated with the EU three times, that deadline was extended. Departure day is now 31 October. Mr Johnson, who was one of the key figures in the Leave campaign, has promised to complete Brexit "do or die" - with or without a deal. However, most opposition members of Parliament (MPs) and many from the governing Conservative Party don't want to leave the EU without a deal. They fear it would damage the British economy, putting up prices and limiting access to the UK's biggest market. They've threatened to bring legislation ruling out a no-deal Brexit. Failing that, they could also call a vote of no-confidence in the government. Is it legal to suspend Parliament? Yes. It's what normally happens between the end of one session and the beginning of the next. However, the circumstances are unusual. A legal challenge would be difficult, since the government isn't breaking any law. It's just using parliamentary procedure, as Mr Johnson tries to fulfil his campaign promise to get the UK out of the EU. MPs could either go along with the suspension, with the risk of a no-deal Brexit, or they could trigger an election with a vote of no confidence in the government. The Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, has called the suspension a "constitutional outrage" designed to prevent MPs from debating Brexit. What about the Queen? She does have a say, but it's limited. Technically, the government had to ask her for permission to suspend Parliament. This is normally a formality: the Queen keeps out of politics. If she had refused, that would have been unprecedented. She did not refuse. What happens next? Good question. Parliament will go back to work next Tuesday 3 September, but will then go into recess. If Mr Johnson gets his way, Parliament returns on 14 October, two-and-a-half weeks before the UK leaves the EU. However, if MPs pass a vote of no-confidence before 10 September, there could be a general election in October. Please upgrade your browser Your guide to Brexit jargon If there's an election, will Brexit still happen? That depends. If the Conservatives win, then yes. They're ahead in the opinion polls, at about 31% last week, after Mr Johnson took over from the previous Prime Minister, Theresa May, in July. The main opposition Labour Party is trailing by 10 to 12 points, on about 21%. Labour is divided between traditional working-class areas, which tend to support Brexit, and voters in cities like London who are more in favour of remaining in the EU. But a Conservative win is not necessarily in the bag. Other parties, including the centre-left Liberal Democrats and the Scottish Nationalists, are all staunchly opposed to Brexit on any terms. And then there's the Brexit Party under Nigel Farage, whose central policy is to get the UK out of the EU. The fluid political situation and tight opinion polls make it difficult to say who might get a majority, if anyone. This makes any election difficult to predict. Just ask Mrs May: she called an early election in 2017 but returned with a reduced majority, dependent on 10 MPs from Northern Ireland. As a result, she had to agree to a deal which would keep the UK aligned with EU rules for longer than Brexit supporters would accept. And so here we are. | ব্রিটিশ পার্লামেন্টে ব্রেক্সিট নিয়ে এক ভোটাভুটিতে হেরে গেছেন ব্রিটিশ প্রধানমন্ত্রী বরিস জনসন। এর ফলে আজ বুধবার পার্লামেন্টের নিয়ন্ত্রণ নিলো চুক্তি ছাড়া ব্রেক্সিটের বিরোধী এমপিরা। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The unanimous vote to incorporate "Xi Jinping Thought" happened at the end of the Communist Party congress, China's most important political meeting. Mr Xi has steadily increased his grip on power since becoming leader in 2012. This move means that any challenge to Mr Xi will now be seen as a threat to Communist Party rule. More than 2,000 delegates gathered in Beijing's Great Hall of the People for the final approval process to enshrine "Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era" into the Communist Party constitution of China. At the end of the process, delegates were asked if they had any objections, to which they responded with loud cries of "none", reported journalists at the scene. Previous Chinese Communist Party leaders have had their ideologies incorporated into the party's constitution or thinking, but none, besides founder Mao Zedong, have had their philosophy described as "thought", which is at the top of the ideological hierarchy. Only Mao and Deng Xiaoping have had their names attached to their ideologies - and Deng's name was only added to the constitution after his death. Why is this important? By Carrie Gracie, BBC China editor, Beijing China's new slogan hardly trips off the tongue. But schoolchildren, college students and staff at state factories will now have to join 90 million Communist Party members in studying "Xi Jinping Thought" on the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The expression "new era" is the party's way of saying this is the third chapter of modern China. If the first was Chairman Mao uniting a country devastated by civil war, and the second was getting rich under Deng Xiaoping, this new era is about even more unity and wealth at the same time as making China disciplined at home and strong abroad. Enshrining all of this under Xi Jinping's name in the party constitution means rivals cannot now challenge China's strongman without threatening Communist Party rule. What is 'Xi Jinping Thought'? At first glance, "Xi Jinping Thought" may seem like vague rhetoric, but it describes the communist ideals Mr Xi has continuously espoused throughout his rule. Its 14 main principles emphasise the Communist Party's role in governing every aspect of the country, and also include: What else has been happening? More than 2,000 delegates have spent the week-long congress confirming picks for provincial party chiefs, governors and heads of some state-owned enterprises. On Tuesday, they finalised the make-up of top bodies such as the Central Committee and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. Last week a top official claimed high-ranking Communist Party members had plotted to seize power from President Xi, in suggestions of a behind-the-scenes power struggle. The alleged plotters have all been arrested or jailed as part of a corruption crackdown, seen by some as a way for Mr Xi to eliminate political opponents. What happens next? On Wednesday, the new Central Committee will decide who gets to be in the higher-level Politburo. Though delegates get some say, in reality the elections are guided by the party's top leadership where at each stage voters pick from pre-selected candidates. Also on Wednesday, the party will reveal the new members of its pinnacle body, the Politburo Standing Committee. Mr Xi is widely expected to remain as party leader, while prominent Xi ally and anti-corruption chief Wang Qishan has stepped down and will not be in the next formation of the committee. Those in the Standing Committee will be especially scrutinised. Analysts say its make-up may give signs of how long Mr Xi plans to stay on at the top of the party - he is expected to remain at the helm until at least 2022 - or any possible successors. Mr Xi's term ruling China has been marked by significant development, a push for modernisation and increasing assertiveness on the world stage. However, it has also seen growing authoritarianism, censorship and a crackdown on human rights. | বর্তমান নেতা শি জিনপিংয়ের 'নাম' এবং তার 'মতাদর্শ' দলের মেনিফেস্টো অর্থাৎ সংবিধানে ঢোকানোর এক প্রস্তাব অনুমোদন করেছে চীনা কম্যুনিস্ট পার্টি। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The post on Chinese site Weibo showed an image of a rocket launch in China alongside a photo of the bodies of Covid victims being cremated in India. Text with it read: "Lighting a fire in China VS lighting a fire in India." The post, which appeared on Saturday afternoon, has since been deleted. It was reportedly published by an account belonging to an official Chinese law enforcement agency - the Communist Party's Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission - which has millions of followers on Weibo, a popular microblogging site in the country. Users responding to the post, which was later shared using screenshots of the original, wrote that it was "inappropriate" and that China "should express sympathy for India". Hu Xijin, the editor-in-chief of China's Global Times media outlet, wrote: "Hold high the banner of humanitarianism at this time, show sympathy for India, and firmly place Chinese society on a moral high ground." The Weibo post appeared a day after Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a message of condolence to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi over the country's deepening Covid-19 crisis. Mr Xi said China was willing to enhance co-operation with India and provide any additional help where needed. India is struggling to cope with a devastating second wave of coronavirus, with hospitals battling to treat patients amid a chronic shortage of beds and medical oxygen. On Sunday, India recorded a daily coronavirus death toll of 3,689 - the highest since the pandemic began. It came a day after the country became the first to record more than 400,000 new cases within a 24-hour period. More on India's Covid crisis: | ভারত যেভাবে করোনাভাইরাস সংকটের মোকাবেলা করছে, সেটি নিয়ে চীনের কমিউনিস্ট পার্টির সঙ্গে সম্পর্কিত একটি সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া অ্যাকাউন্টের পোস্টে বিদ্রূপ করার পর এ নিয়ে বিতর্ক সৃষ্টি হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Divya AryaBBC Delhi Just before Christmas the church of St Sebastian in Delhi was gutted by fire - one of five churches in the capital to have been attacked in the past year. The pastor of St Sebastian's, Father Anthony Francis, didn't believe the police theory that the fire was caused by a short circuit so started gathering evidence himself. Only when he showed officers a film of oil on top of puddles of water in the wrecked church, did they start an arson investigation. But no-one has been arrested in this case, or in relation to the four other church attacks. The congregation of St Sebastian, meanwhile, gathers under plastic sheets suspended from a nearby community centre. India's much larger Muslim minority has also been under pressure. In the months leading up to last year's election, violence flared between Muslims and Hindus in the town of Muzzafarnagar, 100km (62 miles) north of Delhi, leaving more than 60 people dead. While no riots on that scale have occurred since, smaller incidents are common. "Just like those riots, now Hindus in the villages are trying to drive Muslims out of the villages - repeated attacks have created an atmosphere of fear," says Mohammad Jamshed, whose brother-in-law, Deen Mohammad, was left paralysed in the sleepy town of Kairana, not far from Muzzafarnagar, in May. In a bitterly ironic twist, it happened as protesters held a demonstration to demand police action to stop violence against Muslims. "I stopped to watch and was hit by a bullet fired from inside a police car," says 18-year-old Deen Mohammad. "I felt numb, walked a few steps and then fell down. Then I started vomiting blood." He fears he will never walk again. Police say the bullet recovered from Mohammad's body is not a type they use, but they are investigating complaints that officers used excessive force that day. The previous month a Muslim labourer in the nearby village of Shamli was returning home from Delhi by train when a gang of about 10 Hindu men beat him brutally with rods in the groin, before stealing his money and pulling his beard from his face by the roots. "The police have not done anything except register a complaint. And now when I go out, I fear that something like this may happen again," says the man, giving his name as Faizan, aged 26. Stories such as these usually go unnoticed by the media. They seem to some all the more worrying when seen alongside derogatory comments about minorities from a number of BJP politicians. "Each Hindu woman should mother four children in order to protect the predominance of Hindus," said one MP, Sakshi Maharaj. "Should the country be led by sons of Ram [a Hindu god] or by sons of bastards?" asked the country's Minister for Food Processing Niranjan Jyoti - implying that non-Hindus were bastards. Another MP, Giriraj Singh said, "Those opposing Modi will have to go to Pakistan." Later he was appointed to be minister for micro, small and medium enterprises. But according to the Minister for Minorities Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi, "You cannot judge the government with isolated incidents of violence or isolated statements by some ministers." Narendra Modi himself has presented a moderate face of Hindu nationalism since becoming prime minister. "Our government will not allow any religious group belonging to the majority or the minority to incite hatred against others overtly or covertly," he said in February, under pressure to respond to the church attacks. But recently-released statistics on inter-communal violence for the first half of 2015 indicate that there has been a 30% increase compared with the same period of 2014 - a total of 330 attacks, 51 of them fatal, compared with 252 attacks, of which 33 were fatal, in 2014. The Muzzafarnagar riots mean that the statistics for 2013 were even worse, however. And even the events of Muzzafarnagar pale in comparison with the anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat in 2002 when Narendra Modi was the state's chief minister. Then, more than 1,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed in clashes after 60 Hindu pilgrims died in a fire on a train. There are other forms of discrimination, as well as outright violence, which are harder to measure. "It's not just whether you go and kill Muslims and chase them out, it's not just about burning someone's house down, it's denying them jobs, it's denying them places to stay, it's making them live in terror," says Booker prize-winning author Arundhati Roy. "While Modi pretends to be a statesman and travel to various places and is pressurised to speak the language of diversity, the goons have been unleashed on the ground." Even middle-class urban Indians like herself, she says, are now wary of criticising the ideology of Hindu nationalism. "It's not just Muslims or Christians, perhaps the people they hate the most are the ones who are standing up for a different way of looking at the world, and therefore need to be silenced." Father Anthony says the burning of his church "was like burning India's constitution", with its guarantees of religious freedom. "I fear that if the country becomes a Hindu nation, goes on the track of Pakistan and starts using laws such as the blasphemy law to target minorities, what kind of country will we have?" he asks. "That will be real injustice, it won't be a blessing, it'll be a curse on the nation." Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox. | সম্প্রতি ভারতে মুসলমানবিদ্বেষী তৎপরতা উদ্বেগজনক হারে বেড়েছে। কেউ কেউ আশঙ্কা করছেন যে, হিন্দু জাতীয়তাবাদী দল ভারতীয় জনতা পার্টি (বিজেপি) এর শাসনামলে পৃথিবীর সবচেয়ে বড় গণতান্ত্রিক রাষ্ট্রটি মারাত্মক অসহিষ্ণু হয়ে পড়ছে। বিবিসি'র রজনী বৈদ্যনাথানের রিপোর্ট। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Will SmaleBusiness reporter, BBC News If anyone ever doubts the positive impact of immigration tell them about Luis von Ahn. A 41-year-old from the Central American nation of Guatemala, he went to the US in 1996, aged 18, to do a maths degree at Duke University in North Carolina. After that he studied computer science at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Luis went on to become a computer science professor, specialising in "human-based computation", which in very simple terms is how humans and computers can best work together to solve complicated tasks. For his pioneering work in that field he was awarded the US's prestigious MacArthur Fellows Program award. This is colloquially known as the "genius grant", because you are said to have to be one to get it. Luis then became a multimillionaire by his early 30s, after selling not one but two businesses to Google. The technology he sold to the search engine giant is still used by all of us, as will be explained later. Fast forward to today, and Luis is the co-founder and boss of Pittsburgh-based Duolingo, the world's most popular language-learning app, which has more than 300 million users around the globe. Soft-spoken and bespectacled, Luis modestly says that the much of his success is down to the fact that he was lucky enough to be taught English as a child. A native Spanish speaker, he says that his doctor mother insisted that he learned English from a very young age. His middle class family then had enough money to send him to a private English language school in the capital Guatemala City. Luis says this obviously put him in a very privileged position compared to most Guatemalans - almost half of the country's population live in poverty, according to the World Bank, with 9% in extreme poverty. Many have limited access to education. The inspiration behind Duolingo was to create a language learning app that was free for people to use - be it in Guatemala, or around the world - so that they could gain the economic advantages that often come with being at least partially bilingual. "I wanted to do something that would give equal access to education to everyone," says Luis. "And then I focused on languages because growing up in Guatemala I saw that everyone wants to learn English. "And knowledge of English in a non-English speaking country can usually mean that your income potential is doubled. I mean, you literally make twice as much money if you know English. So that's kind of where the idea came from to have a free way to learn languages, and that was Duolingo." Luis and co-founder Severin Hacker started work on the app in 2009. At the time Luis was a professor at Carnegie Mellon, and Severin was one of his students. Bringing on board linguistics and language retention experts, Duolingo launched in 2012, initially offering a handful of languages, including English, French and Spanish. "When we launched I was lucky enough to be able to give a TED Talk that was watched by two million people, so that gave Duolingo a good initial base of users," says Luis. "But from then until 2019 our growth was solely due to positive word of mouth, we didn't do any advertising or marketing at all." Today Duolingo offers more than 100 courses across 28 different languages. While the most popular languages are English, Spanish and French, you can study everything from Arabic to Ukrainian. Duolingo also has a special focus on promoting minority languages, with courses in Welsh, Navajo, Gaelic and Hawaiian. Dr Sylvia Warnecke, a senior lecturer in languages at The Open University in Scotland, says that she was very pleased to see Duolingo work with leading Gaelic speakers to launch that course last year. "Duolingo gets criticism from some that you cannot learn enough to be come proficient in a language... but it is a wonderful way of getting people started," she says. "For lots of people learning a language is a slog, and they don't have the time to sign to sign up for formal classes on a weekly basis. Apps like Duolingo are a valuable alternative." Duolingo now has annual revenues of $90m (£69m). Some $15m of this comes from the adverts included on the free, standard app, while $75m is from the 2% of users who pay for the advertisement-free premium version. "If you use Duolingo heavily and you are relatively wealthy then you should pay us, that is my sense," says Luis. "But if you are in a developing country and don't have very much money, then the free version is for you. That's how I feel about it." Now with 200 employees, Luis hopes that Duolingo can float on the stock market in 2021. He is said to have a substantial, but minority stake in the business, which already has some outside investors. More The Boss features: Going back in time, the two businesses Luis sold to Google were the ESP Game and Recaptcha. ESP, which stands for Extra Sensory Perception, was an online game in which two people, who could not communicate with each other, had to pick words to describe a photograph. When they used the same word they each got a point, and were presented with another photo. Since 2006 Google has used this technology to improve its image search software. Meanwhile, Recaptcha is the now widely used system whereby a Google-linked website asks you to type out words that are written in squiggly handwriting as a means of proving that you are not a so-called "bot" or malicious software. An estimated 200 million people have to do this every day, and Luis invented it. Recaptcha, which was solely owned by Luis, was bought by Google in 2009 for an undisclosed eight-figure sum. What is little known is that the words you have to write out are not chosen at random. Instead they are words from old physical books that Google is digitising, and its software is struggling to decipher. So every time you do one of those security tests you are an unpaid Google worker. If, say, 10,000 people all agree on a certain spelling, then Google accepts that as correct. Back at Duolingo, Luis says he is proud to be helping so many people learn a new language. "We are giving free language education to everyone," he says. | বিবিসির সাপ্তাহিক দ্য বস সিরিজ বিশ্বের বিভিন্ন দেশের ব্যবসায়ী নেতাদের জীবনী প্রকাশ করে থাকে। এই সপ্তাহে লুইস ভন আন যিনি ভাষা শেখার অ্যাপ ডুয়োলিঙ্গোর সহ-প্রতিষ্ঠাতা এবং প্রধান নির্বাহী তার সাথে কথা বলা হয়েছে। কারো যদি অভিবাসনের ইতিবাচক প্রভাব নিয়ে সন্দেহ থেকে থাকে তাহলে তাকে লুইস ভন আনের কথা বলা যেতে পারে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Philippa RoxbyHealth reporter Dramatic changes in all our lives during the past six months have increased anxiety levels, and a new study suggests parents are particularly worried about the wellbeing of their children. So what does anxiety feel like and how do you overcome it? What is anxiety? It's more than just feeling stressed or worried. These are natural reactions we all feel at some stage, and they can be a good thing. But constant anxiety feels like fear which doesn't go away, and if it becomes too intense it can take over your life and stop you doing normal everyday things. Anxiety makes you feel worried all the time, tired and unable to concentrate. This can cause sleeping problems and leave you feeling depressed. There are often symptoms which affect the body too, such as a fast heartbeat or breathing, trembling, sweating, dizziness, diarrhoea and feeling sick. Anxiety can come in different forms and range from being mild to severe. Up to one in 10 people will have a problem with anxiety or phobias at some point in their lives - but many don't ask for treatment. Where do I go for help? The Royal College of Psychiatrists suggests trying self-help techniques first, like: Activities such as yoga, exercise, reading and listening to music can also help. Experts say it's a good idea to cut down on alcohol and stop smoking to reduce anxiety. If your anxiety persists, there are lots of self-help books on the best therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), which is also provided on the NHS. CBT is a talking therapy which helps people deal with overwhelming problems by breaking them down into smaller chunks. It is suitable for children with severe anxiety too, and parents can be taught how to do it. "It's important not to suffer in silence," says Nicky Lidbetter, from Anxiety UK. She recommends booking an appointment with a GP and explaining your symptoms, but she says "one path doesn't suit everybody". Are children and young people affected too? "Some are struggling, some are thriving because of a lack of pressure from school," says Prof Cathy Creswell, professor of developmental clinical psychology at University of Oxford. Her survey of children and parents during the first month of lockdown found an increase in feelings of unhappiness, anxiety and low mood among primary school children taking part. But parents of secondary age children reported fewer emotional problems, and teenagers themselves said their mood and behaviour hadn't changed. This is reflected in another survey of 13 to 14-year-olds, which found they were less anxious during lockdown than they had been last October, suggesting there is huge variation among children of different ages. The NHS has five tips for supporting children and young people: What are the triggers? Anything from worries about health and money to changes at work, school or relationships can cause deep-seated anxiety. During the pandemic, there have been many potential anxiety triggers such as fears over the virus, going outdoors, infecting other people, wearing masks and returning to normal life, as well as what the future holds. These have been termed coronanxiety by charity Anxiety UK, which has received a huge rise in calls to its helpline since lockdown rules were relaxed. Callers tend to have more complex problems than normal and calls are lasting longer, the charity says. Psychiatrists are warning that lockdown and social distancing is affecting people's routines and stopping them seeing friends and family. This can make any anxiety they are feeling even worse. There are also concerns that people aren't seeking help for their mental health because of fears over the virus, and this is leading to an rise in emergency cases. "If you feel unwell you can still get treatment during the pandemic," says Dr Billy Boland, from the Royal College of Psychiatrists. "If you are facing mental health issues contact your GP or key worker, if you have one, and continue to use your mental health services as usual. If you are in a mental health crisis contact the NHS 111 online or telephone service." Who is most at risk? Anxiety is a common condition and, at the moment, many people are feeling anxious about life. The things that have happened in your life, any big changes or traumatic events, can make you prone to anxiety. Having a mental health problem can make you feel more anxious, as can having another illness, but how anxious you feel could also be down to the genes you inherit too. Teenagers and young people often feel anxious, and those with special educational needs or from low income families are usually most vulnerable. But experts say it's still too early to work out the long-term effects of time spent out of the classroom. "It is critical to keep an eye on how children will cope with changed routines at school and uncertainty," says Prof Creswell. | যুক্তরাজ্যে সাধারণ মানুষের মধ্যে সবচেয়ে বেশি যেসব মানসিক সমস্যা দেখা যায়, তার একটি হচ্ছে মানসিক উদ্বেগ বা দুশ্চিন্তা। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | In the Middle East, he is renowned for overseeing the transformation of Dubai into a top business and tourism destination. Elsewhere, he is perhaps best known for his connection to horseracing, as the owner of the Godolphin stables. He has now made headlines after being found by the High Court in London to have abducted and forcibly returned two of his daughters to Dubai, and to have conducted a campaign of intimidation against his former wife, Princess Haya. Sheikh Mohammed was born in 1949 at his family home in Shindagha, near Dubai Creek. He was the third of the four sons of Sheikh Rashid Al Maktoum, who ruled Dubai for 32 years from 1958. After finishing secondary school in 1965, Sheikh Mohammed moved to the UK to study English at a language school in Cambridge. The young sheikh later attended a six-month training court at the British Army's Mons Officer Cadet School in Aldershot, Hampshire. In 1968, following his return to Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed accompanied his father to a meeting with the then ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed Al Nahyan, at which they agreed to a union that would lead to the establishment of a federation of emirates. After the UAE gained independence from the UK in 1971, Sheikh Mohammed was named defence minster - a position he still holds. Sheikh Mohammed also became heavily involved in his father's plan to compensate for Dubai's dwindling oil reserves by diversifying its economy and becoming an international trade and financial centre, as well as a tourist destination. Today, more than 95% of the emirate's gross domestic product is non-oil-based, with tourism contributing 20%. Dubai's population has also grown from about 40,000 in the 1960s to 3.3 million, including almost 3.1 million non-Emiratis, many of whom live in the hundreds of high-rise buildings filling its skyline. In 1990, Sheikh Rashid died after a long illness resulting from a stroke. He was succeeded by Mohammed's eldest brother, Maktoum. Five years later, Sheikh Maktoum named Mohammed crown prince of Dubai. He also handed over much of the day-to-day running of the emirate to him. Sheikh Mohammed became ruler of Dubai and vice-president and prime minister of the UAE in 2006, after his brother died aged 62 during a visit to Australia. Under his leadership, Dubai's development continued apace. In 2008, the emirate unveiled the world's tallest building, the Burj Khalifa; Dubai Mall, then world's largest shopping centre by total land area; and the Dubai Metro. Such ambitious projects were, however, reliant on borrowing billions of dollars. The global financial crisis caused Dubai's real estate market to crash and in 2009 state-linked companies came close to defaulting on their debts. Abu Dhabi stepped in and loaned the Dubai government the money it desperately needed. Dubai's construction boom also relied on low-paid migrant construction workers, many of whom complained that they suffered exploitation. Sheikh Mohammed has also become famous for his involvement in horseracing, and is credited with transforming it into a global industry. He rode horses on beaches in Dubai as a child and was introduced to the sport in 1967 in the UK. Ten years later, he enjoyed his first success as an owner. The sheikh subsequently set up the world's largest horseracing team, Godolphin, as well as the successful stallion breeding operation, Darley. Godolphin - which has facilities in the UAE, England, the Republic of Ireland, Australia, Japan and the US - has won 6,000 races across the world since 1992, including 315 prestigious Group One races. Sheikh Mohammed frequently attends major horseracing events such as Royal Ascot, where he has been pictured with Queen Elizabeth II. Sheikh Mohammed shared a love of horses with his sixth and "junior" wife, Princess Haya bint al-Hussein, the daughter of the late King Hussein of Jordan and half-sister of King Abdullah II. The pair married in Amman in 2004 and had two children, Al Jalila and Zayed. Princess Haya painted a picture of a perfect family life in interviews, but cracks began to appear in 2018 when Sheikha Latifa, one of Sheikh Mohammed's adult daughters with another wife, tried to flee the UAE with the help of a former French spy and a Finnish fitness instructor. A boat carrying them was intercepted at sea off the coast of India and Sheikha Latifa was returned to Dubai. In a video filmed beforehand, she alleged that she had been imprisoned for more than three years and subjected to physical abuse after another unsuccessful escape attempt in 2002. Associates of Sheikha Latifa said she was being held under house arrest. But the Dubai government insisted Sheikha Latifa had been "vulnerable to exploitation" and was "now safe". Princess Haya echoed the government statement at the time. But after fleeing Dubai for the UK via Germany along with their children in April 2019, sources alleged that she had become aware of new information relating to Sheikha Latifa. Sheikh Mohammed did not comment on the breakdown of his marriage, but he did write an angry poem accusing an unnamed woman of "treachery and betrayal" and posted it on Instagram. In July, Princess Haya applied for a forced marriage protection order and a non-molestation order at the UK High Court in London - as well as wardship of their children. Sheikh Mohammed meanwhile applied for the children's return to Dubai. Eight months later, the High Court issued a series of fact-finding judgements that said Sheikh Mohammed had ordered and orchestrated the forcible return of Sheikha Latifa in 2002 and 2018, as well as the unlawful abduction of her elder sister Sheikha Shamsa in 2000. Sheikha Shamsa fled the family's UK estate in Surrey that year but was later recaptured in Cambridgeshire by agents of the sheikh and forcibly returned to Dubai. A request by Cambridgeshire Police to visit Dubai to investigate was refused. The court found that Sheikh Mohammed "continues to maintain a regime whereby both these two young women are deprived of their liberty". It also said Princess Haya, who had an adulterous affair with a bodyguard, was now living in fear of her life after receiving numerous threats both in Dubai and in London. These included a pistol placed on her pillow. Sheikh Mohammed rejected the judgements and findings, and appealed unsuccessfully to keep them out of the public domain. He said the appeal was "made to protect the best interests and welfare of the children" and that the "outcome does not protect my children from media attention in the way that other children in family proceedings in the UK are protected". "As a head of government, I was not able to participate in the court's fact-finding process. This has resulted in the release of a 'fact-finding' judgment which inevitably only tells one side of the story," he added. | দুবাইয়ের শাসক এবং সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাতের ভাইস প্রেসিডেন্ট শেখ মোহাম্মদ বিন রশিদ আল মাকতুম বিশ্বব্যাপি পরিচিত তার দেশকে বাণিজ্য এবং পর্যটনের ক্ষেত্রে পৃথিবীর এক শীর্ষস্থানীয় গন্তব্যে পরিণত করার জন্য। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Pablo UchoaBBC World Service A high-flying executive and risk manager for global insurance group THB in Sao Paulo, Ms Ramos says being a female leader in a male-dominated industry has forced her “to be stronger and rise above myself every day". “Very early on in my career I realised I needed to leave the office later, I needed to study more, I needed to prove myself three times more than any man,” she says. Ms Ramos is also an adviser for the Brazilian association of women in the insurance market and has an upcoming book on the subject planned for October. She tells younger women they can reach the top with “focus, determination and clear goals”. But like other experts, she is concerned about the extra pressures being put on women’s careers during the pandemic - and whether this can end up pushing them back. ‘Second shift’ The situation is particularly difficult in families where parents are trying to work from home while home schooling their children or caring for other relatives. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), it is still women who shoulder three-quarters of all unpaid care work. “It's no secret that mothers still carry most of the burden of childcare and domestic work in most families,” says Justine Roberts, the founder and chief executive of Mumsnet, the UK’s biggest online network for parents. Ms Roberts says this reality is “piling the pressure” on women and leaving mothers particularly “fraught”. “Mothers are worried that they're putting themselves at risk of redundancy, or getting into trouble at work because they haven't been able to perform as well as they usually do." “Even if women feel their jobs or incomes are relatively safe, many are saying they just can't carry on like this for much longer.” Ms Ramos points out that women have traditionally carried out a “second shift” at home once their work day had finished. Now most women she knows “are trying to work the two shifts at the same time” - and the mental health toll is driving some to consider quitting, or effectively quitting their jobs during the pandemic. ‘The workplace is outdated’ “We really have to get on the ball about the reality of how women are experiencing the workplace,” says Allyson Zimmermann, a director for Catalyst, a global NGO which works with corporations to improve the workplace for women. “The system is outdated. And when you look at it, it’s in the interest of corporations to find a new normal in the workplace after Covid." Catalyst has spent years tracking the careers of 10,000 MBA graduates, both male and female, from 26 leading business schools in Asia, Canada, Europe and the US. In its research, the organisation has observed how the lack of flexible work options impacts women’s motivation as they enter motherhood. But there are also implicit biases that act strongly to slow down progress for women, irrespective of their experience or whether or not they have children. For example, women in the Catalyst studies were more likely than men to start at a lower level in their first post-MBA job. And when men worked long hours, this strategy seemed to help their careers, but not women’s. Male graduates were rewarded with pay rises as soon as they switched between firms, but women’s salaries seemed to increase only after they proved themselves to their managers first. “Women have to constantly improve performance, whereas men are promoted based on potential,” Ms Zimmermann says. “There's this perception out there that if women were doing exactly the same thing men were doing, that they would advance. And the truth is, no. Women are often held to a much higher standard than men. It's a very unconscious bias.” Economic crisis makes it harder A new US study by academics at different universities suggests those biases can re-emerge strongly during economic crises. The upcoming paper has found women trying to join the very top bodies in firms - the board of directors - have a much tougher time when companies are struggling. After analysing 50,000 board elections in 1,100 publicly listed companies between 2003 and 2015, the researchers found shareholders were normally happy to support female directors when everything was going well. However, if the company got into trouble or if there was a crisis, they were much more likely to withdraw their support for the female candidate. Those women were held to much higher standards than their peers, and were more likely to leave the company in subsequent years. One of the study's co-authors, Corinne Post, from Lehigh University in the US state of Pennsylvania, says: “It’s hard to find another explanation, other than those biases around women’s commitments or whether they are really working as hard as they should.” Another co-author, Arjun Mitra, from California State University, adds that companies were undermining their female talent “at a time when they could benefit the most from female leadership qualities”. “It sends a very strong signal that the firms are not that supportive of having women in leadership roles.” Lower-paid women are also being impacted The world has made huge improvements towards gender equality in the past 50 years, but it will be at least another century before men and women close the gaps in the workplace, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF). And Covid-19 is already having an impact on women in lower income brackets. The economic crisis has destroyed women’s jobs more than men’s, because it is hitting economic sectors where women are overrepresented in the workforce, like accommodation, food, retail and manufacturing. In Central America, for example, 59% of women are employed in those sectors, while in South East Asia it’s 49% and in South America 45%. In the US, female unemployment is higher than male. “Previous crises have shown that when women lose their jobs, their engagement in unpaid care work increases, and that when jobs are scarce, women are often denied job opportunities available to men,” the International Labour Organization (ILO) warns. 'One step back and two forward' But whatever the impact, the pandemic will eventually pass, and Simone Ramos believes it will give way to a "new reality" to which businesses have already started to adapt. She believes firms are beginning to take a more "compassionate look" and will offer more flexible work options to suit employees' personal circumstances as standard. “I think we’ll take one step back and two steps forward," says Luciana Barreto, the chief executive of M Square, an asset management company with a global portfolio worth $1bn. Ms Barreto says women are increasingly aware of the importance of their careers “to free and fulfil” them, so “the struggle for gender equality doesn't end here”. But she believes in the post-pandemic job market it will be even more crucial for women to “take ownership” of their careers, and question whether the companies they want to work for truly value merit. Allyson Zimmermann agrees, and says she usually tells female business students to look at what’s happening at the top of firms before they apply for jobs there. “When you're looking for your employer, you’re not looking for perfection, but progress. If you do not see yourself represented in the leadership, or if you don’t see that they’re actively working towards that… then I would look elsewhere,” she says. | কর্মজীবনে সফল আরও অনেক নারীর মতো সিমোন রামোস বুঝতে পারেন তাকে শীর্ষ অবস্থানে পৌঁছাতে হলে পুরুষদের তুলনায় অনেক বেশি পরিশ্রম করতে হবে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | His tweet comes as US-backed Kurdish forces continue an assault on the last pocket of IS territory on the Syrian side of the Iraqi border, at Baghuz. The captured IS fighters are being held by the Kurdish-led forces. Mr Trump has said for several days that the IS caliphate is "ready to fall". What is Mr Trump's reasoning on IS fighters? He said in a tweet: "The US does not want to watch as these ISIS fighters permeate Europe, which is where they are expected to go. We do so much, and spend so much - Time for others to step up and do the job that they are so capable of doing." Otherwise, he said, the US would be forced to release them. Trump administration officials have also told the Sunday Telegraph newspaper that they fear some of the detained fighters would put European countries at risk unless they are brought to justice. Mr Trump's remarks echo those made by the UK's foreign intelligence chief on Friday, who warned that the Islamic State group was reorganising for more attacks despite its military defeat in Syria. Alex Younger also told of his concern about jihadists returning to Europe with "dangerous" skills and connections. Mr Trump's tweets come amid a controversy in the UK over the case of Shamima Begum, one of three schoolgirls who left London in 2015 to join IS. She has said she wants to return, and her family in the UK have asked authorities to allow her to do so, but the government is making no attempt to bring her back to the UK. On Sunday, Ms Begum's family said they had been told she had given birth. Please upgrade your browser to view this content. Timeline: Islamic State How the jihadist group rose and fell Share this chatbot. On Sunday, the US-backed and Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) insisted that foreign fighters would not be tried "on our land... they will be tried by their own countries". What is the latest on the final battle? President Trump said on Friday the defeat of IS would be announced "over the next 24 hours". But that passed with no further announcement from the White House. Jiya Furat, the leader of the battle for Baghuz for the SDF, said IS fighters were now trapped in a section of the town that was 700 metres long and wide. On Sunday, SDF spokesman Mustefa Bali said the IS group had blocked roads out of zone, stopping some 2,000 civilians there from escaping. Thousands have left the Baghuz pocket in recent weeks but one SDF fighter told Agence France-Presse it had been two days since anyone had arrived, with lorries parked to transport them lying empty. A spokesman for the US-led coalition, Sean Ryan said those who had escaped reported that remaining civilians were being used as human shields. IS has suffered substantial losses, but the UN has said it still reportedly controls between 14,000 and 18,000 militants in Iraq and Syria. How many fighters are returning to EU countries? Approximately 5,904 nationals from countries in Western Europe like France, Germany and the UK have travelled to Iraq and Syria to join the Islamic State, according to a report by the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation (ICSR), at King's College London. Western European countries have seen a total of 1,765 nationals return, according to the study. Research by the European Parliament (EP) suggested that half of those who left the UK to join IS have come back. It said about a third of German and Belgian nationals had returned but France had a return rate of just 12%. EU countries have adopted different approaches to dealing with these people, based on criminal investigation, risk assessment, rehabilitation and reintegration schemes. The EP report notes that countries have adopted a case-by-case approach for children returning to Europe, the vast majority of whom were born in Iraq and Syria after 2012. | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন যুক্তরাজ্য সহ অ্যামেরিকার ইউরোপীয় মিত্রদের উচিত আটক হওয়া আইএস যোদ্ধাদের ফিরিয়ে নিয়ে তাদের বিচারের সম্মুখীন করা। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Zoe KleinmanTechnology reporter, BBC News The squad is a group of mates, most of whom have day jobs off the pitch which have nothing to do with sport. And yet they have toured the US, Serbia, Ireland and Jersey, had their own kit custom-made by sportswear giant Umbro and average 700,000 views per match. They've also played at the UK's top stadiums including Wembley and the Etihad, as well as the O2 Arena and Everton's training ground. And it's all thanks to a carefully crafted presence on YouTube. Crucially, the team didn't start life as total unknowns. Captain Spencer Owen was already a successful football and gaming YouTuber in his own right, and now has nearly two million followers. "He has always wanted to own his own football club," says Seb Carmichael-Brown, who is also Spencer's brother. "But it's not viable for a 28-year-old YouTuber. So we thought, let's start his own." Sunday league activity already has an established YouTube presence - like the Palmers FC team, who have 200,000 followers - so the brothers decided to build something a bit different. Inspired by EA video game franchise Fifa, they devised a tournament in which the team would play real matches within a fictional league, working their way from fifth to first division, where they are currently. They are promoted or relegated depending on a points system dictated by match wins - their current target is to reach 22 points in order to top their own first division. This way, Hashtag United can choose their opponents, and include teams from other big YouTube channels like Copa90 and the F2Freestylers as well as sponsored teams. It also secures occasional access to the big stadiums - sometimes through sponsored deals with, say, BT Sport, and sometimes because they play a team connected to a particularly hallowed arena. So, for example, a match against Arsenal community team Arsenal For All got them on to the pitch of the Emirates Stadium. They also work full-time on creating YouTube material. The team post a match video every two weeks but the channel is peppered with behind-the-scenes videos, fronted by Spencer, showing them travelling, setting up, chatting about forthcoming events among themselves. A six-person camera crew attends matches, and it takes four to five weeks for a tightly edited match video to find its way on to the official channels. It costs "thousands" to put on a match in this way, says Mr Carmichael-Brown. Although sponsorship is lucrative - the team's US tour was paid for by Coca-Cola - overheads are also large. "Hashtag United have hit a rich vein - younger, digitally native fans alienated from the professional game who just love football," said social media strategist Sue Llewellyn. "This is a classic example of keeping it real and personal - talk to your fans like you would talk to your mates. It's all about trust these days. Younger people don't like big faceless corporates, they want a more personal, more authentic experience." In addition to successful memorabilia and merchandise marketing (the current strip is sold out, says Mr Carmichael-Brown), Hashtag ran an X Factor-style search for a new player, which attracted 20,000 applicants, they claim, and has resulted in a couple of signings. Then there's the successful Hashtag e-sports team playing professional Fifa. Team manager Tassal Rushan was crowned regional champion in Paris during EA's FUT Championship earlier this year - a professional Fifa competition played by e-sports teams from around the world. The north London ground which the Hashtag football team call their regular home only has the capacity for 1,000 spectators, and the team try hard to keep match dates under wraps. "We are primarily making videos for YouTube rather than creating live events," says Mr Carmichael-Brown. "A lot of our games go out four to five weeks later. If we have a big crowd, they'll all have their phones, and the results will leak." However, people do try to figure out the venue, he admits, and will turn up on the off-chance that they might catch Hashtag United in action. "We have recently thought about ways we might move towards a model where all the games are open," he said. Perhaps that will form part of the next chapter in the life of Hashtag United - planning is well under way as the team races to the top of its self-created Division One. Mr Carmichael-Brown is tight-lipped but says the announcement will be made "in the coming months". Key players Jemel Akeem - defender and YouTuber, age 25 Strong, fast, tall, athletic player. Joined: three months ago, via the Academy series Jack Harrison - midfielder and insurance underwriter, age 32 Workman, warrior, very good with both feet Joined: at the start Ryan Adams - striker and carpenter, age 26 Very fast - and the team's second top goalscorer Joined: at the start. "It'll be hugely important for them to stay real - in other words stay true to their roots and not end up in the elite player position of being spoilt by money," said Sue Llewellyn. "They will also need to be agile in such a fast-moving space, keep innovating and finding new ways to engage their fans." That said, social media and sport are a natural partnership, she adds. "Sports fans are passionate about their game. It's a basic human need to belong and to want to feel we matter. "Being part of a digital tribe fulfils that need and it brings people together wherever they are in the world and whatever physical skill level they have." | "আমরা একেবারেই গড়পড়তা ফুটবলার। কিন্তু যেরকম পেশাদার ফুটবলার হওয়ার স্বপ্ন দেখে সবাই, বলতে পারেন আমরা সেই স্বপ্নটাই পূরণ করেছি"। হ্যাশট্যাগ ইউনাইটেডের সহকারী অধিনায়ক সেব কারমাইকেল ব্রাউন এভাবেই বর্ণনা করলেন তাদের ফুটবল দলের সাফল্য। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The child was visiting her grandparents from Mumbai. Police said she went missing on Sunday. Her body was discovered from the site of an under-construction building on Tuesday. Police said the girl was playing with other children when the accused, a labourer, offered her a chocolate and lured her away. Police said the accused had confessed to the crime. | ঢাকায় ওয়ারীতে সাত বছরের শিশুটিকে ধর্ষণ ও হত্যার ঘটনায় এক যুবককে গ্রেপ্তার করেছে পুলিশ। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Among the 32 living accused were former deputy premier LK Advani, and a host of senior BJP leaders. Wednesday's court judgement acquitted them all, saying the destruction of the mosque in 1992 had been the work of unidentified "anti-socials" and had not been planned. This was despite numerous credible eyewitness accounts that the demolition, which took just a few hours, had been rehearsed and carried out with impunity and the connivance of a section of the local police in front of thousands of spectators. Last year, India's Supreme Court conceded it had been a "calculated act" and an "egregious violation of the rule of law". So how do we explain the acquittals? Generally the verdict is being seen as another indictment of India's sluggish and chaotic criminal justice system. Many fear it has been damaged beyond repair by decades of brazen political interference, underfunding and weak capacity. But more specifically the verdict has thrown into sharp relief the increasing marginalisation of India's 200 million Muslims. Under Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist BJP government, the community has been pushed into a corner and feels more humiliated than at any time in the history of pluralist, secular India, hailed as the world's largest democracy since independence in 1947. Mobs have lynched Muslims for eating beef or transporting cows, which are sacred to majority Hindus. Mr Modi's government has amended laws to fast track non-Muslim refugees from neighbouring countries. It has split the Muslim-majority state of Jammu and Kashmir and stripped it of its constitutional autonomy. This year, Muslims were singled out and blamed for spreading the novel coronavirus after members of an Islamic group attended a religious gathering in Delhi. Larger Hindu religious gatherings during the pandemic received no such political, public or media opprobrium or scape-goating. That's not all. Muslim students and activists have been picked up and thrown into prison for allegedly instigating riots over a controversial citizenship law in Delhi last winter, while many Hindu instigators went scot-free. The Babri verdict, many Muslims say, is just a continuation of this humiliation. The sense of alienation is real. Mr Modi's party makes no bones about its Hindu majoritarian ideology. Popular news networks openly demonise Muslims. Many of India's once-powerful regional parties, which once stood by the community, appear to have abandoned them. The main opposition Congress is accused by critics of using Muslims cynically to harvest votes without providing much in return. The community itself has few leaders to speak up for it. "Muslims are simply losing faith in the system. They feel cornered and feel the political parties, institutions and the media are failing them. There is a lot of despondency in the community," says Asim Ali, a research associate at the Centre for Policy Research, a Delhi-based think tank. In truth, India has a long history of marginalising Muslims. They "carry a double burden of being labelled as 'anti-national' and as being 'appeased' at the same time", according to one report. But the irony is that, while many Indians have bought the Hindu nationalist bogey that Muslims are being unfairly rewarded, the community has not in fact benefitted from major socio-economic gains, say historians. Muslims are disproportionately squeezed into ghettos in India's teeming cities. Their share in India's elite federal police officers force was below 3% in 2016, while Muslims make up more than 14% of the population. Only 8% of India's urban Muslims had jobs which paid a regular salary, less than double the national average, one report found. Read more stories by Soutik Biswas Enrolment of children at primary school levels was high, but so were dropouts at high school, largely because of economic deprivation. Muslim representation in India's parliament have been declining consistently - below 5% in the elected lower house now, down from 9% in 1980. When the BJP swept to power in 2014, it was the first time a winning party did so without a single Muslim MP. Mr Modi and his colleagues have consistently said their party doesn't discriminate against any religion. The prime minister has said he enjoys the support of many Islamic nations and his expansive welfare benefits reach every poor Indian, irrespective of religion or caste. For years, the BJP has described the liberal opposition parties as "pseudo secular". Some believe there is truth in this allegation. As an example they point to the Communists who ruled West Bengal state in eastern India for more than three decades and were avowedly secular, ensuring the protection and security of Muslims, who form nearly a quarter of the state's population. Yet, studies revealed that Muslims in Gujarat, a state marked by religious tension and sectarian politics, fared economically better and in human development indices than their counterparts in Bengal. "The market place is non religious in India. So in states like Gujarat where business thrives both Hindus and Muslims do well," says Mirza Asmer Beg, a professor of international relations, at Aligarh Muslim University. But analysts say religious electoral competition practised by the BJP has led to the "otherisation" of Muslims. "How do you polarise? By making the other a threat to your identity," says political scientist Christophe Jaffrelot. He believes India is moving towards an "ethnic democracy", born out of ethnic nationalisation which implies a "strong sense of belonging and of superiority". It's not all dark yet. There is the rise of a young and articulate middle class unencumbered by the ghosts of partition. The widespread protests against the citizenship law saw a large number of these articulate Muslim men and women taking to India's streets and breaking stereotypes of a cloistered and voiceless minority. Community coaching classes have sprung up, training young Muslims to prepare for India's prestigious and competitive civil service exams. "Many of the young Muslims do wear their identity on their sleeves in a positive way and are not afraid to voice their views," says Mr Ali. But, in the end, the acquittals will only deepen anxieties and a sense of injustice among India's Muslims. "In many ways, it is an abandoned community. There's a feeling of powerlessness. Muslims have been exploited by both their own and Hindu leaders and all parties for years," says Zaheer Ali, a political scientist. "Poverty has made things worse." | সময় লেগেছে তিন দশক। ছিল সাড়ে আটশো সাক্ষী। দেখা হয়েছে সাত হাজারের বেশি দলিলপত্র, ছবি আর ভিডিও টেপ । এত কিছুর পর ভারতের একটি আদালত ষোড়শ শতকের একটি মসজিদ ভেঙ্গে গুঁড়িয়ে দেয়ার জন্য কাউকে দোষী বলে খুঁজে পায়নি। পবিত্র নগরী অযোধ্যায় এই মসজিদটিতে হামলা চালিয়েছিল উচ্ছৃঙ্খল হিন্দু জনতা। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | It follows the president's announcement that four prisoners convicted of drug offences are to face the death penalty. The hanging will end a moratorium on capital punishment that has been in place since 1976. Over 100 candidates responded to an advert posted in February for executioners with "strong moral character". They needed to be Sri Lankan, male, aged 18-45 and possess "mental strength". State-owned media Daily News said two Americans and two women had also applied. A prisons spokesman said the two successful candidates needed to go through final training which would take about two weeks. The last hangman resigned five years ago after seeing the gallows and going into shock. Another was hired last year but did not show up to work. Why reinstate capital punishment? In Sri Lanka, rape, drug trafficking and murder are punishable by the death penalty but no executions have taken place since 1976. President Maithripala Sirisena said capital punishment was being reinstated to clamp down on the drugs trade in Sri Lanka. Political analysts say the move will boost his popularity in the lead-up to an election due to take place by the end of the year. "I have signed the death warrants of four," President Sirisena said. "They have not been told yet. We don't want to announce the names yet because that could lead to unrest in prisons." He said there were 200,000 drug addicts in the country and 60% of prisoners were in jail due to drugs charges. What's the international reaction? Along with the UK, France and Norway, the EU has condemned Sri Lanka's decision to revive capital punishment. "The death penalty is a cruel, inhuman and a degrading punishment, and the EU unequivocally opposes its use in all circumstances and all cases," the EU statement said. "While the Sri Lankan authorities have cited the need to address drug-related offences, studies show that the death penalty fails to act as a deterrent to crime." Amnesty International said it was "shocked" and "outraged" by the president's announcement and argued that executions for drug-related offences were unlawful because they did not meet the threshold for "most serious crimes", such as intentional killing. "At a time when other countries have come to the realisation that their drug control policies are in need of reform, and are taking steps to reduce the use of the death penalty, Sri Lanka is bucking the trend," said Biraj Patnaik, AI's South Asia director. "This will be devastating to the country's international reputation and we hope that President Sirisena will reconsider his decision," he added. | শ্রীলংকায় দীর্ঘ ৪৩ বছর পর প্রথমবারের মতো মৃত্যুদণ্ড কার্যকর করার জন্য দুইজন জল্লাদকে নিয়োগ দেয়া হয়েছে। সামনে চারটি মৃত্যুদণ্ড কার্যকর করতেই দেয়া হয়েছে এই নিয়োগ। কেমন প্রার্থী চাওয়া হয়েছিলো? |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The outlandish projects included exploding seashells, a poisoned diving suit and poison pills hidden in face cream, according to a former bodyguard who wrote a book on the subject and a TV documentary. The CIA and US-based Cuban exiles spent nearly half a century conspiring to do away with a leader whose country had the same effect on the US as "the full moon has on werewolves", according to former US Havana diplomat Wayne Smith. The Cuban leader himself once remarked: "If surviving assassination attempts were an Olympic event, I would win the gold medal." A hero and a tyrant - obituary Life in pictures A revolutionary at home and abroad However most of the ideas were never put into practice, former bodyguard Fabian Escalante said. Documents released during the administration of President Bill Clinton showed that the CIA at one point began researching Caribbean molluscs. The plan was to pack a particularly spectacular one full of explosives to attract Castro, a keen diver, and to detonate it when he picked it up. Another scuba-related idea was to create a diving suit infected with fungus that would cause a debilitating disease. Both plans were dropped. Decades earlier in 1975, the US Senate Church Commission revealed details of at least eight plots on Castro's life, using devices which, the commission report said, "strain the imagination". One plot using underworld figures twice progressed to the point of sending poison pills to Cuba and dispatching teams to "do the deed", it said. At almost the exact moment that President Kennedy - who had authorised the failed Bay of Pigs invasion to overthrow Castro in 1961 - was assassinated, a CIA operative was apparently handing a poison pen equipped with a very fine needle to a Cuban agent. The agent however was disappointed and asked for something "more sophisticated", the report said. One of Castro's former lovers, Marita Lorenz, was also recruited. She was given poison pills to put in Castro's drink. But Castro found out about the attempt and is said to have handed her his gun to use instead. "You can't kill me. Nobody can kill me," he said, Ms Lorenz told the New York Daily News. "And he kind of smiled and chewed on his cigar. I felt deflated. He was so sure of me. He just grabbed me. We made love." The most recent known attempt on Castro's life was in 2000, when a plan was hatched to put a large quantity of explosives under a podium he was due to speak on in Panama. The plot was foiled by Castro's security team. Four men, including veteran Cuban exile and CIA agent Luis Posada, were jailed but later pardoned. There were also plots to make Castro, also known as "The Beard", an object of ridicule rather than kill him. One was to sprinkle thallium salt on Castro's shoes during an overseas trip in the hope that his famous beard would fall out. But it was foiled when Castro cancelled the visit. Another involved spraying an aerosol of LSD close to him as he was about to make a TV broadcast in the hope that he would become hysterical on air. Castro took myriad precautions to evade would-be assassins. But in 1979 as he flew to New York to address the UN he could not resist a bit of grandstanding. Asked by journalists on the plane whether he wore a bulletproof vest, he pulled open his shirt and exposed his chest. "I have a moral vest," he said. | সিগার বা চুরুটের ভেতরে বিস্ফোরক ঢুকিয়ে কিউবার বিপ্লবী নেতা ফিদেল ক্যাস্ত্রোকে হত্যার পরিকল্পনার কথা মোটামুটি সবারই জানা। কিন্তু তাকে হত্যা করার জন্যে বাকি ৬৩৭টি পরিকল্পনা কিভাবে করা হয়েছিলো? |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Toby LuckhurstBBC News Heavy rain has flooded the cave system, hindering the authorities' attempts to go in and find them. The hope is that the group have found a safe, high place to await rescue, but unlike professional cavers, they were not equipped for a long stay. We spoke to cavers about what you need to do to survive when trapped underground. They emphasised the need to keep warm and hydrated, and stay out of danger. What to do if you're trapped Anmar Mirza, national co-ordinator of the US National Cave Rescue Commission, says the first thing to do is make sure you're not in any immediate danger. Rockfalls pose a risk, but the major worry is flooding. "You want to seek the highest point in the cave," Mr Mirza said. His advice is to try to guess where water had risen to in previous floods. "There's a number of ways to determine that point - look for mud, leaves, wet slime on the walls." Then, you want to check what supplies you have with you. Depending on how long you are in the cave, you may be forced to ration food, water, and even light. Keep warm The first major risk, Mr Mirza says, is hypothermia. "Wring out clothes to keep them dry," he says, "and huddle together for warmth." Andy Eavis, retired head of the British Caving Association, says thankfully hypothermia probably won't be a big issue in the Thai cave system. "The ambient temperatures will be fairly high," he says, estimating them to be between 23-26C (73-79F). Mr Eavis, 70, has been exploring caves for the past 50 years, including some in Thailand, Myanmar and China - although not the cave system in which the teenagers and their coach are trapped. He says many of these caves are huge - some big enough to be explored "with aeroplanes" - and doesn't think they're likely to flood to the roof. "If they're sitting out of the water, they won't die of hypothermia," he says. Mr Eavis describes being trapped in a cave in the Pyrenees with two other cavers, where the water was about 2C (36F). "We were there for 55 hours," he said. "But thankfully, we were wearing wetsuits." Water After warmth, Mr Mirza says, the next major concern is water. "Keep yourself hydrated, but beware of dirty water in the cave," Mr Mirza says. "It's a balancing act - diarrhoea and vomiting would make dehydration a bigger problem later." Even if the water is dirty, it won't pose an immediate problem, says Mr Eavis. "Most cave waters are reasonably drinkable," he says. "It might cause upset tummies though." Bill Whitehouse, retired chairman of the British Cave Rescue Council, recommends looking around the cave. "Little drips and inlets may have fresher water," he says. "But long term, food will be the problem." Mr Mirza agrees. "If you have food, make sure not to eat it all at once." Air Oxygen is also a factor. However, all three men agree that this isn't as big a concern as you'd think. "Most caves naturally breathe," Mr Mirza says. "Air can get in and out where people can't." Carbon dioxide levels can rise if people are trapped in such a small space for so long. But for the most part, the rescuers agree lack of air isn't a major problem. "In general, it's not uncommon for oxygen levels to be slightly low in caves," says Mr Whitehouse. "But not seriously low. It depends on the cave." Mental strain You may have all the supplies to survive, but keeping calm in the dark can be difficult. "I always tell people it's a marmite sport," says Mr Whitehouse. "Underground is one of those places you're either happy or you're not." "Don't panic," says Mr Eavis. "Panicking and trying to get out come what may is the biggest risk." For the Thai teenagers, a lot of pressure will be on whoever is in charge to stop them from trying to dive into the waters, which could be dangerous. "The leader will have to really control them to stop them doing anything silly, like dive in," he said. "It's mentally very taxing being in the dark." Mr Mirza says lighting is not as problematic as it once was. "Experienced cavers will have hundreds of hours of light with them - modern LEDs, lithium batteries." But in the case of the teenagers in Thailand, it could be an issue. "We're not talking about cavers here. They're probably not well equipped," says Mr Whitehouse. General advice? As a rule, if you're going to enter a cave, you should always be prepared, Mr Whitehouse says. "Get the right information, get the right kit, and go with someone who knows the cave," he says. The veteran cave rescuer also says a vital point is to tell someone where you are going before you go. "The earlier we get the callout the sooner something can be done," he says. | থাইল্যান্ডের একটি গুহায় আটকে পড়া ১২ জন কিশোর ফুটবলার এবং তাদের কোচকে বের করে আনার অভিযান শুরু হয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Amelia Butterly100 Women At first glance, some of Dima Nachawi's illustrations could show couples from almost anywhere in the world - but the rest of the collection tells a very different story; of air strikes, injuries and death. These pictures illustrate how real people live - and love - in Eastern Ghouta, an area of Syria where conditions have been described as "hell on earth" by UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres. "They [the residents] still live their daily lives, they still fall in love and try to protect their beloved ones," says Dima. Dima grew up in Syria, but left the country a number of years ago and now lives in Beirut, where she has a career as an artist. She has worked on a variety of creative projects, looking at the situation in Syria. This "Love is..." collection, published on social media, shows real people and and the effect the conflict has had on their relationships. Each illustration depicts a different, anonymous couple and Dima only reveals a few details about the people she draws. "This project was very difficult, especially the one in which the woman died," she says, describing the image below. "I was imagining how the illustration was going to look but at the same time it weighed very heavy on my heart. "It's very difficult to illustrate something that has an unhappy ending." "But I was also grateful that I had this chance to reflect on the other lives of the Syrians, where they survive, they love, they are not victims, they are people that can take action and they have agency. "This is what I want to reflect through my illustrations." Residents are reported to be fleeing the rebel-held Eastern Ghouta enclave as the situation there was described as "beyond critical". Some aid has been able to reach the rebel-held area but charities say much more is needed. More than 700 people have been killed in recent weeks, many of them children. Dima is critical of the way the international media portrays the people of Syria. "On the human level, we are stereotyped as refugees and victims," she says. "I prefer to talk to people [in Syria] to see how they're doing in their daily life and how they are trying to live and survive." Dima says she finds it "very difficult" to watch the conflict from afar. "Every time I feel bad, I try to do something. I know that I have followers all around the world and I'm conveying a message, telling those people something that they don't know about Syria. "I try through illustration and art to do something about it and maybe I can't massively change the current situation but I know that my illustrations are preserving something for the cultural memory, for the next generation to see and know what happened." What is 100 Women? BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year. We create documentaries, features and interviews about their lives, giving more space for stories that put women at the centre. On 8 March, BBC 100 Women will be showcasing inspirational stories from women in the UK and across the world. Follow BBC 100 Women on Instagram and Facebook and join the conversation. | একটা ক্রিসমাস ট্রি-কে ঘিরে বসে বন্ধুরা গল্পগুজব করছে, দুজন লং ডিসট্যান্স প্রেমিক কথা বলছে টেলিফোনে - আর একজন পুরুষ তার বান্ধবীর জন্য ইন্টারনেট কানকেশনটা মেরামত করার চেষ্টা করছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Rupert Wingfield-HayesBBC News The temperature was raised further on 13 October when China's President Xi Jinping visited a People's Liberation Army (PLA) Marine Corp base in southern Guangdong province and told the marines there to "prepare for war". In response some newspapers ran headlines suggesting an invasion is imminent. It almost certainly isn't. But there are good reasons for the urgency with which China experts are now discussing the future of Taiwan. China and the United States have long stared at each other across Taiwan. Beijing insists the island of 23 million people is China's "inviolable territory". Washington says any resolution of their long separation must be done peacefully. For decades, the uneasy stalemate has continued. Until now. Xi Jinping eyeing his legacy There are several reasons the status quo no longer looks tenable. The first is Xi Jinping. "Xi Jinping wants Taiwan back," says Professor Steve Tsang, director of the China Institute at London's School of Oriental and African Studies. "And Xi Jinping wants to have Taiwan back before he hands over power to whoever comes next." Oriana Skylar Mastro, a China military analyst at Stanford University, says her wakeup call on Taiwan came when Xi Jinping forced through the abolition of presidential term limits in 2018, effectively making himself president for life. "Suddenly everything he said about Taiwan took on a whole different meaning," she says. "The timeline of when he said he wanted this issue resolved is now tied to his legitimacy as leader and his tenure as a leader." Prof Tsang says Xi Jinping views himself as a great historical figure, with a mission to complete what China's previous paramount leaders, including Mao himself, could not. "Deng Xiaoping could not get Taiwan," he explains. "Even Chairman Mao couldn't get Taiwan. And if Xi Jinping gets Taiwan, (he) is greater not only than Deng Xiaoping, but Mao Zedong." Xi Jinping has stated publicly that Taiwan reunification is an "inevitable requirement for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese people". The timetable for completion of his "great rejuvenation" project is 2049, the 100th anniversary of the communist revolution. That is nearly 30 years away. But there is reason to think Xi is in more of a hurry. China's growing military might The first is that China may soon have the military capability to defeat the United States in a war over Taiwan. "For the past 20 years, the main question that most people ask is, will the United States defend its allies and partners?" says Ms Mastro. "It was a question of resolve. Will the United States come to Taiwan's aid? But as the Chinese military becomes more advanced, the question has shifted from will they, to can they?" The transformation of China's military from a low-tech "People's Army" to a modern high-tech military, has happened much faster than many had predicted. The speed and scale of the change was brought home during the huge 70th anniversary parade in Beijing on 1 October last year. Among the familiar paraphernalia of tanks, artillery and rocket launchers were some very striking new weapons systems, including stealth jets and stealth drones, and so-called "hypersonic glide vehicles". These new systems are designed to strike at US aircraft carrier battle groups, should they try to intervene to protect Taiwan. Captain James E. Fanell was the director of US Naval Intelligence for the US Pacific fleet until his retirement in 2015. "I've characterised what I called a decade of concern," he tells me from his new job at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, "which is right now 2020 to 2030, which I think is the most dangerous time. Both (former President) Hu Jintao and Xi (Jinping) ordered the PLA to have the capability to be able to take Taiwan militarily by about 2020. "So, they've been working for the last 20 years on orders to have the capacity and capabilities to launch a military invasion against Taiwan." America's 'failure' in the South China Sea China has also been gradually testing America's resolve, seeing how far it can go before the US responds to threats against an ally. According to Capt Fanell, the US has repeatedly failed those tests, allowing China to take control of Scarborough Shoal off the coast of the Philippines in 2012, and then doing nothing to stop China building a series of huge new artificial island bases across the South China Sea. "What happened at Scarborough Shoal from April to June 2012 is America's biggest foreign policy failure in Asia since our helicopters took off from the roofs of those embassy buildings in Saigon in 1975," he says, referring to the US military defeat in the Vietnam War. "It was a disaster and it really had a debilitating impact on America's national credibility in Asia when we didn't do anything to defend the Philippines." Taiwan is not only about getting back China's so-called "lost territories". Control of the island would give Beijing what General Douglas MacArthur once called an "unsinkable aircraft carrier in the Pacific". Ms Mastro says a Chinese victory over Taiwan would completely re-draw the strategic map of Asia. "If China does fight a war over Taiwan and wins, not only do they get to reunify with Taiwan, but that's basically the end of the role of the United States as a leader in Asia as we know it," she explains. "So, there are many benefits, actually, from the Chinese perspective." In Washington there is now bipartisan recognition that the threat to Taiwan is growing. In a clear signal to China, the Trump administration has approved billions in arms sales to Taiwan, including, for the first time, advanced air-to-ground missiles. The risk of miscalculating the US military But it is still far from clear what the United States would do if Taiwan were attacked. Capt Fanell says that is a mistake. "We know from history, we know the lack of support to the Kuwaiti government indicated to Saddam that he had a free rein to go into Kuwait," he explains. "We know from the Korean War, statements that were equivocal gave China and Russia this idea that it was OK to attack in the Korean peninsula. If we don't make some definitive statements about who our friends and allies are and what lengths we'll go to defend them, then we leave them at risk." But Prof Tsang says there is also a lesson for Xi Jinping from those past conflicts. Belatedly, America did come to the aid of the Republic of Korea, and Kuwait. He says China would do well not to underestimate US military resolve once provoked. "The spirit of the United States military is one that will fight and fight and fight," he explains. "If the Chinese take that into account, I think they may be a bit more cautious in their calculations and the risk of miscalculation may be reduced." If you add anger and suspicion over Covid-19 to the trade war, the Huawei investigation, the mutual closing of consulates and the ejection of journalists, relations between Washington and Beijing are at their lowest since the 1989 Tiananmen massacre. There are voices on both sides calling on the next US president to drop the hostility and return to engagement with China. But the consensus among those I have spoken to is that the old type of engagement has failed. They say the next US president must find a new type of engagement, more honest, more robust, and where the US is much clearer about its obligations and intentions, towards its allies in Asia, including Taiwan. | চীন কি তাইওয়ান দখলে অভিযান চালানোর প্রস্তুতি নিচ্ছে? অনেক চীনা ফোরামে এখন এই প্রশ্ন নিয়ে তীব্র আলোচনা আর তর্ক-বিতর্ক চলছে। যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচনে যিনিই বিজয়ী হোন না কেন, তার সামনে সবচেয়ে বড় ভূ-রাজনৈতিক মাথাব্যাথা হয়ে দাঁড়াতে পারে এই তাইওয়ান ইস্যু। এ নিয়ে বিবিসির রুপার্ট্ উইংফিল্ড হেইসের বিশ্লেষণ: |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Christopher Giles & Jack GoodmanBBC Reality Check It's an issue that has been highlighted by researchers using open-source, publicly available information - including mapping data - to locate attacks and document the destruction. In fact, much of both Israel and the Palestinian territories appear on Google Earth as low-resolution satellite imagery, even though higher-quality images are available from satellite companies. It's barely possible to see the cars in Gaza City. Compare that with Pyongyang, the secretive capital of North Korea, where the cars are sharply defined and it's possible to make out individual people. Why is satellite imagery important? It has become a vital element in the reporting of conflict, but there are also concerns the availability of detailed images can compromise security. In the latest Middle East confrontation, investigators are looking to corroborate the locations of missile fire and targeted buildings in Gaza and Israel, using satellites. "The fact that we don't get high-resolution satellite images from Israel and Palestinian territories sets us back," says Samir, an open-source investigator. However, on Google Earth, the most widely used image platform, the most recent imagery for Gaza is of low resolution and therefore blurry. "The most recent Google Earth image is from 2016 and looks like trash. I zoomed in on some random rural area of Syria and it has had 20+ images taken since that time, in very high resolution," tweeted Aric Toler, a journalist for Bellingcat. Google says its aim is to "keep densely populated places refreshed on a regular basis" but this hasn't been the case with Gaza. Are high-resolution images available? Until last year, the US government restricted the quality of satellite images that American companies were permitted to provide on a commercial basis. The Kyl-Bingaman Amendment (KBA) had been introduced in 1997 to address Israeli security concerns. Although the ruling only referred to Israel, it was also applied the restriction to images of the Palestinian territories. The KBA limited image quality so that an object the size of a car was just about visible as a highly blurred image, but anything smaller would be very difficult to identify. "We [Israel] would always prefer to be photographed at the lowest resolution possible", said Amnon Harari, head of space programmes at Israel's Defence Ministry last year, reported by Reuters. "It's always preferable to be seen blurred, rather than precisely." It's not uncommon that sites such as military bases have been blurred - but the KBA was the only case of such a wide area being subject to such a restriction. However, once non-US providers, such as French company Airbus, were able to supply these images at a higher resolution, the US came under increasing pressure to end its restrictions. In July 2020, the KBA was dropped, and now the US government allows American companies to provide far higher-quality images of the region (so that objects the size of a person can be readily picked out). "The initial motivation was scientific," says Michael Fradley, an archaeologist at the University of Oxford and one of the academics who successfully campaigned for the amendment to be changed. "We needed access to high resolution over the Occupied Palestinian Territories comparable to what we use over other parts of the region." So why is Gaza still blurry? The BBC spoke to Google and Apple (whose mapping apps also show satellite images). Apple said it was working to update its maps soon to a higher resolution. Google told us that its images come from a range of providers and it considers "opportunities to refresh [its] satellite imagery as higher-resolution imagery becomes available". But it added that it had "no plans to share at this time". "Considering the importance of current events, I see no reason why commercial imagery of this area should continue to be deliberately degraded," said Nick Waters, an open-source investigator for Bellingcat on Twitter. Who actually takes the images? Public mapping platforms, such as Google Earth and Apple Maps, rely on companies that own satellites to supply imagery. Maxar and Planet Labs, two of the largest, are now making available high-resolution images of Israel and Gaza. These much higher quality pictures can reveal detail down to half a metre or less. "As a result of recent changes to US regulations, the imagery of Israel and Gaza is being provided at 40cm resolution," Maxar said in a statement. Planet Labs confirmed to the BBC it supplies imagery at 50cm resolution. Open-source investigators, however, rely heavily on the free-to-use mapping software and don't often have direct access to these high-resolution images. What else can high-resolution imagery reveal? Satellite imagery is used for many purposes, including tracking deforestation and forest fires, as well as investigating human rights abuses around the world. Researchers at Human Rights Watch teamed up with satellite providers Planet Labs in 2017 to show the destruction of Rohingya villages by the military in Myanmar. The imagery enabled them to map the extent of damage to more than 200 villages in the area, by comparing 40cm-resolution satellite imagery of these areas from before and after. The evidence appeared to corroborate claims from Rohingya, who had fled Myanmar to neighbouring Bangladesh, that their homes had been targeted by the military. Satellite imagery has also been vital in tracking what's been happening in the Xinjiang region of China, including the network of "re-education" centres set up there for the Uyghurs. The information has helped to show where these facilities have been built, and high-resolution images have also given an idea of their size and particular features. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions | বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে ঘনবসতিপূর্ণ একটি অঞ্চল ফিলিস্তিনিদের গাযা গুগল ম্যাপে কেন ঝাপসা করে রাখা হয়েছে? |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent I wake up this morning to an anguished phone call from a school teacher, whose 46-year-old husband has been battling Covid-19 in an oxygen-starved Delhi hospital. Here we go again, I tell myself. Just another day of life in a city where breathing has become a luxury for so many. We work the phone, send SOS calls. Amid the sounds of beeping monitors, the woman tells us that her husband's oxygen saturation number has dipped to a precariously low 58. A bit later it rises to 62. You are supposed to consult your doctor if the number sinks to 92 or lower. She tells us she is happy it has gone up. And her husband is still talking and aware. I text a doctor friend working in critical care. "Patients remain talkative even when the number hits 40," she messages me. I pick up the newspaper. Twenty five critically ill patients have died in a well-known private hospital. The oxygen pressure had been dialled down in critical care and many patients were being given oxygen manually, the hospital said. There's a photograph of two men and a woman sharing a cylinder on the front page. Three strangers - caught up in a tragedy brought upon by public laxity and government negligence - sharing a lifeline. The 40-year-old son of one of the men, a report says, died outside the same hospital a few days ago, waiting for a bed. He had found a stretcher though, the report helpfully said. That's what grieving Indians are grateful for now: if you can't provide beds or medicines or oxygen to save my loved one, at least give them a gurney to rest their corpses. As the day progresses, I realise nothing has changed. Patients are dying because there's no oxygen. Medicines are still scarce and on the black market. There's hoarding and panic buying as if we are in a war. In many ways, we are. The teacher calls again. The hospital doesn't even have a spare oxygen flow meter, so she has to get one. We work the phones, send out Twitter appeals. Someone manages to pick up a device, which is used for regulating supply from the cylinder to the patient. Despite what the government says, things are going from bad to worse. Oxygen tankers are not making it in time to the city to save patients. There are no beds, few medicines. Even India's privileged have no privilege left: a magazine editor called me in the afternoon, looking for an oxygen cylinder for a sick patient, whom he knows. In the apartment building where I live, residents are trying to buy some oxygen concentrators in case someone "needs help with breathing". Fifty seven residents are infected and isolated in their homes. Patients have been left to fend for themselves. For many it's a slow and gradual road to death. Covid-19 is a disease with too many ambushes. "Even if I'm dying, until I actually die, I am still living," Paul Kalanithi, a neurosurgeon, wrote in his piercing memoir, When Breath Becomes Air. There are only small mercies for the gasping victims of a deadly virus in India today. | "অক্সিজেন, অক্সিজেন, আপনি কি আমাকে অক্সিজেন দিতে পারেন?" |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | "Until women have legal control over our own bodies we just cannot risk pregnancy," she tweeted. Georgia is the latest state to enact legislation restricting abortion. Ms Milano's tweet divided opinion on social media, sparking a debate that led to the #SexStrike hashtag trending on Twitter in the US. The so-called "heartbeat" bill, which was signed by Governor Brian Kemp on Tuesday, is scheduled to come into effect on 1 January. What is the bill and why is it controversial? The law bans abortions as soon as a foetal heartbeat can be detected - which is at about six weeks into a pregnancy. Many women do not know they are pregnant by six weeks, with morning sickness usually starting after about nine weeks. However, the law is expected to face challenges in the courts. A federal judge blocked such a law in Kentucky which was scheduled to come into effect immediately as it could be unconstitutional, while Mississippi passed a six-week abortion law in March that is not due to take effect until July and is also facing challenges. Ohio passed a similarly restrictive law in 2016 which was vetoed by the governor. What about the 'sex strike'? Ms Milano tweeted out her call for action on Saturday, and both she and the hashtag #SexStrike were soon trending on Twitter. More than 35,000 people have liked her tweet, and it has been retweeted more than 12,000 times. Fellow actress Bette Midler tweeted in support of Ms Milano. But there was an immediate backlash online, both from those who support the new law and from those who criticised the idea that women only have sex to please men. "I appreciate the intent, but a #sexstrike is a bad and sexist idea," wrote one person on Twitter. "As if we provided sex as a reward to the worthy. It's denying women's pleasure". "Self-denial and abstinence for some sort of gain is the antithesis of a sexually empowered world," wrote another. In her defence, Ms Milano later tweeted a Quartz article about how sex strikes can work - prompting further criticism online. And the actors' boycott? During the abortion bill's passage, 50 actors proposed a boycott of film and television production in the state - including Ms Milano, Amy Schumer, Christina Applegate, Alec Baldwin and Sean Penn. "We want to stay in Georgia," the letter reads. "But we will not do so silently, and we will do everything in our power to move our industry to a safer state for women if [this] becomes law." Other actors have also voiced their support, as have the heads of several independent production companies. However, some in the industry have not committed to the boycott and are waiting to see what comes of any potential legal challenges. Chris Ortman, a spokesman for the Motion Picture Association, issued a statement saying the group planned to "monitor developments". "Film and television production in Georgia supports more than 92,000 jobs and brings significant economic benefits to communities and families," he said. "It is important to remember that similar legislation has been attempted in other states, and has either been enjoined by the courts or is currently being challenged. The outcome in Georgia will also be determined through the legal process." And others in Georgia itself recommend supporting efforts to challenge the new law, rather than to boycott the state. "What about the working class folks who are going to be impacted in rural communities throughout the state? What is a boycott of the film industry going to do for them?" activist and poet Aurielle Marie wrote in a Twitter thread, calling on actors to instead pay money to support local organisations. The Georgia governor's office said film and television productions brought $2.7bn (£2.1bn) into the state in 2018. Hollywood blockbusters Black Panther and The Hunger Games series were filmed there, as were the programmes Stranger Things and The Walking Dead. | অভিনেত্রী ও মি টু অ্যাক্টিভিস্ট অ্যালিসা মিলানো গর্ভপাত বিষয়ক একটি আইনের প্রতিবাদ স্বরূপ নারীদের 'সেক্স স্ট্রাইক বা যৌন ধর্মঘটে' অংশ নেয়ার আহবান জানিয়েছেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The World Happiness Report measures "subjective well-being" - how happy people feel they are, and why. Nordic countries regularly appear in the top five, while war-hit countries and a number in sub-Saharan Africa regularly appear in the bottom five. Burundi was the least happy, taking over from the Central African Republic. It was thrown into crisis when President Pierre Nkurunziza's bid for re-election to a third term in 2015 sparked protests by opposition supporters who said the move was unconstitutional. This year's report by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network also features data about the happiness of immigrants in their host countries, with Finland also coming top as home to the happiest immigrants. What is Finland known for? "I think everything in this society is set up for people to be successful, starting with university and transportation that works really well," American teacher Brianna Owens, who lives in Finland's second biggest city Espoo, told Reuters news agency. The survey ranks some 156 countries by their happiness levels, and 117 by the happiness of their immigrants. Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Switzerland were the other countries in the top five. The UK and US came in at 19th and 18th places respectively. Togo is seen to be this year's biggest gainer, moving up 17 places, while the biggest loser is Venezuela, which dropped 20 places to 102nd. 'Happy countries, happy migrants' The study found that the 10 happiest countries also scored highest on immigrant happiness, suggesting that migrants' wellbeing was tied to the quality of life in their adopted home. With a population of around 5.5 million people, Finland counted some 300,000 foreigners in 2016, reports say. "The most striking finding of the report is the remarkable consistency between the happiness of immigrants and the locally born," said John Helliwell, co-editor of the report and a professor at the University of British Columbia. The report relies on asking a simple, subjective question of more than 1,000 people in more than 150 countries. "Imagine a ladder, with steps numbered from 0 at the bottom to 10 at the top. "The top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst possible life for you. On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time?" The average result is the country's score - ranging from Finland's 7.6 to Burundi's 2.9. But the report also uses statistics to explain why one country is happier than another. It looks at factors including economic strength (measured in GDP per capita), social support, life expectancy, freedom of choice, generosity, and perceived corruption. | পর পর চার বছর বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে সুখী দেশের শীর্ষ অবস্থানে আসন গেড়ে আছে ফিনল্যান্ড। জাতিসংঘের সৌজন্যে ওয়ার্ল্ড হ্যাপিনেস রিপোর্ট নামে এক বার্ষিক প্রতিবেদনে এমন তথ্য উঠে এসেছে। এই তালিকায় বাংলাদেশের অবস্থানও আগের চেয়ে কিছু ভাল হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | A spokesman said the closure of the Punggye-ri site would be done in public and foreign experts from South Korea and the US would be invited to watch. Scientists have said the site may have partially collapsed in September. On Friday, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and South Korea's President Moon Jae-in agreed to work to rid the Korean peninsula of nuclear weapons. Their summit came after months of warlike rhetoric from the North. On Saturday, US President Donald Trump said he would likely hold talks with the North Korean leadership "over the next three or four weeks" about the denuclearisation of the peninsula. What did South Korea say? A senior presidential communications official, Yoon Young-chan, said that Mr Kim had stated he "would carry out the closing of the nuclear test site in May". Mr Yoon added that the North Korean leader had also said he "would soon invite experts of South Korea and the US to disclose the process to the international community with transparency". The office also said North Korea would change its time zone - currently half an hour different - to match that of the South. North Korea has so far made no public comments on the issue. What is known about the test site? Situated in mountainous terrain in the north-east, it is thought to be the North's main nuclear facility. The nuclear tests have taken place in a system of tunnels dug below Mount Mantap, near the Punggye-ri site. Six nuclear tests have been carried out there since 2006. After the last, in September 2017, a series of aftershocks hit the site, which seismologists believe collapsed part of the mountain's interior. Mr Kim made an apparent reference to these reports, according to South Korea's Yonhap news agency. "Some say that we are terminating facilities that are not functioning, but you will see that they are in good condition," the North Korean leader was quoted as saying by Mr Yoon on Sunday. The information about the nuclear site has been gathered mainly from satellite imagery and tracking the movement of equipment at the location. Building trust Analysis by the BBC's Korea correspondent Laura Bicker This is another significant and symbolic step by Kim Jong-un. He had already announced he'd be closing the Punggye-ri test site, but now he has told officials in South Korea that he's prepared to make it public and invite experts and media from Seoul and the US to inspect it. Mr Kim also told President Moon that he hoped trust could be built with the US and reiterated that there would be no need for him to have nuclear weapons if they formally ended the war on the Korean peninsula. Mr Kim said once Washington spoke to him North Korea would know he was not an aggressor. He added that his heart was broken when he saw the two clocks with different Korean time zones hanging on the wall of the peace house at the border between the two countries. He will now match the time zone in the North with that of the South. What was agreed at the inter-Korean summit? Mr Kim and Mr Moon said they would pursue talks with the US and China to formally end the Korean War, which ended in 1953 with a truce, not total peace. The commitment to denuclearisation does not explicitly refer to North Korea halting its nuclear activities but rather to the aim of "a nuclear-free Korean peninsula". Catch me up The statement talks about this taking place in a phased manner, but does not include further details. Many analysts remain sceptical about the North's apparent enthusiasm for engagement. Previous inter-Korean agreements have been abandoned after the North resorted to nuclear and missile tests and the South elected more conservative presidents. Mr Kim said the two leaders had agreed to work to prevent a repeat of the region's "unfortunate history" in which progress had "fizzled out". Other points the leaders agreed on in a joint statement were: | উত্তর কোরিয়ার পরমাণু অস্ত্র পরীক্ষার কেন্দ্রটি এই মে মাসেই বন্ধ করে দেওয়া হবে বলে জানিয়েছে দক্ষিণ কোরিয়ার প্রেসিডেন্টের অফিস। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The man was one of 37 people executed on Tuesday on charges of terrorism. The statement added that the men were charged with "adopting terrorist extremist ideology, forming terrorist cells" and harming the "peace and security of society". One of the men executed was aged just 16 at the time of his arrest, according to Amnesty International. Executions are usually carried out by beheading. Crucifixion following an execution is reserved for crimes seen by the authorities as even more serious. In Tuesday's executions, those accused had allegedly attacked security headquarters, killing a number of officers, the Saudi Press Agency statement said. The punishments were carried out in several locations including the Saudi capital, Riyadh, Mecca and Medina. Among those executed, at least 14 were convicted of violent offences relating to their participation in anti-government demonstrations, Amnesty reports. In 2018, a man was executed and crucified after he was accused of stabbing a woman to death. He was also accused of attempted murder of another man along with attempting to rape a woman, Bloomberg reported. The Saudi government does not release official statistics on the number of executions it carries out, but state media does report frequently on executions. According to Amnesty, at least 104 people have been executed in Saudi Arabia so far this year. In 2018, the Gulf state carried out 149 executions. On Sunday, Saudi Arabia claimed it foiled an attack that targeted a security bureau in al-Zulfi, north of Riyadh. The four attackers were killed, according to the State Security Presidency's official spokesman. | সৌদি আরবে মৃত্যুদণ্ডপ্রাপ্ত একজন কারাবন্দির মৃত্যুদণ্ড কার্যকরের পর তার দেহ ক্রুশবিদ্ধ করে রাখা হয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Yogita LimayeBBC News, Kabul In a house near the foot of the dusty mountains that surround Kabul, I meet a former government employee. She asks to remain anonymous because she fears a backlash. But she wants the world to hear her story. She says her former boss, a senior minister in the government, repeatedly harassed her, and one day when she went to his office, tried to physically assault her. "He directly asked me for a sexual favour. I told him I'm qualified and experienced. I never thought you would say such things to me. I stood up to leave. He grabbed my hand and took me to a room at the back of his office. He pushed me towards the room and told me, 'It'll take only a few minutes, don't worry, come with me.' "I pushed him by his chest and said enough. Don't make me scream. That was the last time I saw him. I was so angry and upset." Did she file a complaint after the incident? "No, I resigned from my job. I don't trust the government. If you go to the court or to the police, you will see how corrupt they are. You can't find a safe place to go and complain. If you speak out, everyone will blame the woman," she tells me. The former government employee says that two other women have told her that the same minister raped them - a claim the BBC has not been able to independently verify. "He's doing this brazenly, without any fear because he's an influential man in the government," she says. Afghanistan consistently ranks as one of the worst countries in the world to be a woman. A UN report released in 2018 detailed how women who are victims of sexual crimes and violence are pressured to withdraw their complaints. In many cases, they are blamed for the offences committed against them. In this environment, speaking out about the sexual misconduct of powerful men isn't easy. That's why most of the six women we spoke to were too afraid to be quoted. But from our conversations with them, we've gathered that sexual harassment is a problem in the Afghan government that is not limited to any one individual or ministry. 'It's become part of the culture now' In an office by a small park, I met another woman who was willing to share her story. She had applied for a job in government and had all but secured it when she was asked to meet a close aide of President Ashraf Ghani. "This man appears in pictures with the president. He asked me to come to his private office. He said, come and sit, I'll approve your documents. He moved closer to me and then said let's drink and have sex," she says. "I had two options, to either accept the offer or leave. And if I had accepted, it wouldn't have stopped at him, but multiple men would have asked to have sex with me. It was really shocking. I got scared and left." What about the job, I ask. She says she tried calling the government department about it and was told: "Imagine you were given money in your bank account, but you chose not to take it." She breaks down into tears during our conversation. "These things are keeping me up at night. You get angry and depressed," she says. "If you go to complain to a judge, the police, a prosecutor, any of those, they will also ask you for sex. So if they're doing that, who can you go to? It's like it's become a part of the culture now, that every man around you wants to have sex with you." These stories had either gone untold or were talked about in hushed whispers until the issue was thrust into the spotlight in May, when General Habibullah Ahmadzai, a former adviser to the president turned political rival, spoke about it during an interview on an Afghan news channel. He accused senior officials and politicians of "promoting prostitution". The president's office declined a request for an interview, and didn't respond to emailed questions either. They referred us to an earlier statement where they'd said all of Gen Ahmadzai's allegations were entirely false and that he was lying, motivated by his personal interests. Nargis Nehan, a government minister, posted on Twitter: "As a female member of cabinet in NUG [National Unity Government], I can say with confidence that these allegations are baseless." But prominent women's rights activist Fawzia Koofi - until recently an MP - says she has received many complaints of sexual harassment against men in the current government. "The government's response is defensive. They're looking at it as a political issue rather than one which is about all the women of Afghanistan," she says. "There is a culture of impunity. The men who are the perpetrators feel protected within this government and that's why they will be encouraged to commit more such offences." The government has ordered an investigation into allegations of sexual harassment. It's being conducted by the office of the attorney general, a man who is appointed by the president. I met the attorney general's spokesman, Jamshid Rasooli, at his office in Kabul. A picture of President Ghani hangs behind his desk. Why should people believe that the investigation will be impartial, I asked him. "The constitution has given the right to the attorney general to be independent. We've also asked activists, Muslim clerics and human rights organisations to be a part of the investigation to assure people that we are impartial," he says. I told him that women we had spoken to said they do not trust government bodies enough to file complaints with them. "We have announced that the identity of every complainant will be protected," he responded. "Those who co-operate with us, we will make provisions to keep them and their families safe." In Afghanistan, democracy has come at the cost of a war that has killed tens of thousands of people. Part of the war's stated objective was to guarantee the rights and dignity of women, who were treated brutally under the Taliban. Resolute Support, the Nato-led mission in the country, did not want to comment on the issue of alleged sexual harassment in government, saying it was an internal matter for Afghanistan. Repeated requests for comment to UN Women went unanswered. The British embassy declined to comment. It's a precarious moment for women in Afghanistan. They are determined to have a say in ongoing peace talks between the United States and the Taliban. Women here, at least in some parts of the country, have come a long way since the repressive Taliban regime was overthrown in 2001. But this progress will be undermined if sexual harassment in government goes unpunished. "I want to tell the president it's his responsibility to listen to the voices of women and accept them. If he is trying to make the country secure, then he should also solve this problem," said one of our interviewees. "One day the truth will come out. But right now, it's a distant dream." Have you been affected by any of the issues raised in this story? If you have a story to share you can email us confidentially at [email protected] Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways: | আফগানিস্তানের সরকারের সর্বোচ্চ পর্যায়ে যৌন হয়রানির অভিযোগ তোলপাড় ফেলে দিয়েছে দেশটিতে। কর্মকর্তারা অভিযোগ অস্বীকার করলেও বিবিসির অনুসন্ধানে নারীদের কাছ থেকে শোনা বয়ানে উঠে এসেছে যৌন অবমাননার চর্চার বিবরণ। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Anthony ZurcherNorth America reporter@awzurcheron Twitter With tensions rising between the US and Iran, the long-term consequences will largely depend on the nature of Iran's response to the attack and the intensity of any conflict that follows. If the end result is a US withdrawal from Iraq, the politics of the situation could be turned on its head, with hawks doing the howling and non-interventionists celebrating. In the short term, however, there are already some possible implications both for the Democratic presidential primaries that begin in less than a month and November's general election contest. A wartime president? Traditionally, a US president facing a major foreign policy crisis benefits from at least a short-term bump in public support. The "rally around the flag" effect boosted George HW Bush's standing during the 1991 Gulf War. George W Bush saw his approval surge to record levels in the days after the September 11 attacks and subsequent bombing of Afghanistan. Those were massive military engagements, however. When the stakes have been lower, the tangible political benefits - at least in terms of polling - are harder to discern. Barack Obama saw no change in his approval ratings during the 2011 air war in Libya. When Donald Trump fired missiles at a Syrian air base in response to that nation's use of chemical weapons, the slight increase in his ratings appear in hindsight to be little more than statistical noise for a man whose approval has been relatively stable throughout his presidency. The first survey following the Soleimani strike suggests the public will be as sharply divided on Trump's handling of the situation as it has been on everything else this president has done. A slim plurality approve of the action, but a similar plurality also express concern that the president did not "plan carefully enough". Short of a stunning military victory or a protracted bloody fight, the end result could be simply more of the same when it comes to views on the Trump presidency. Republican support Trump could end up benefiting from this episode, however, the way he always seems to benefit from his controversial or incendiary moves - by rallying his base. In that same Huffington Post poll, 83% of Republicans said they approved of the airstrike. Meanwhile, the president's supporters have gone on the attack, treating the Soleimani strike as the latest way to "trigger" political opponents. On social media, a common Trumpian response for those expressing concerns about the consequences of the Soleimani strike is "sorry for your loss". The Babylon Bee, a conservative parody website, joked that Democrats want to fly US flags at half-mast to mourn Soleimani's death. The drama in the Middle East may also help the president by turning national attention away from his impeachment and looming Senate trial. That seemed to be on the president's mind in multiple tweets Monday morning. "To be spending time on this political Hoax at this moment in our history, when I am so busy, is sad!" he wrote. Democratic doves On the Democratic side, the Soleimani strike could invigorate an anti-war movement within the party that has not seriously flexed its muscles since the height of the Iraq War. Bernie Sanders, one of the Democratic front-runners, was quick to stake out his peace candidate credentials. "I was right about Vietnam. I was right about Iraq. I will do everything in my power to prevent a war with Iran," he wrote in a tweet that included a video about his anti-war efforts. "I apologize to no one." Tulsi Gabbard, another candidate who has vigorously opposed what she views as "regime-change wars" pursued by both parties, said the Soleimani strike was an "act of war" that violated the US constitution. Those statements stood in contrast to other Democratic candidates, who both condemned Soleimani's record of support for proxy wars against US forces in the region and criticised the wisdom of the attack. "There are serious questions about how this decision was made and whether we are prepared for the consequences," said Pete Buttigieg. Elizabeth Warren called Soleimani a "murderer". Amy Klobuchar expressed concerns for US troop safety in the region. Meanwhile, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg took aim at Sanders, saying it was "outrageous" for the Vermont senator to call the strike an "assassination" (a word used by several Democratic candidates). "This is a guy who had an awful amount of American blood on his hands," Bloomberg said. "Nobody that I know of would think that we did something wrong in getting the general." A rift within the party between progressives and moderates was on display time and again when the topic turned to healthcare during the debates. If the Iran crisis gets hot, the use of military force could become an equally divisive topic. More on the 2020 race Biden's challenge The Huffpost poll on the Soleimani strike had some particularly good news for front-runner Joe Biden, with 62% of Democratic and Democratic-leaning voters saying they "trust" him on Iran. That's well ahead of Sanders and Warren, who 47% said they trust on the subject. Such a response isn't surprising, given Biden's long record of foreign policy experience, including eight years as vice-president and a lengthy tenure as chair of the Senate foreign relations committee. That track record isn't entirely a blessing, however, as a focus on the Middle East has once again turned attention to Biden's support for the 2003 Iraq War - and his sometimes muddled defence of it. In response to a question from a voter in Iowa on Saturday, Biden said that while he voted for the Iraq War authorisation, he opposed President Bush's handling of the conflict "from the very moment" it began. Biden had spoken in support of the war before and after it was launched, however, and only first expressed regrets about his vote starting in 2005. The more Biden twists and turns to qualify his Iraq War support, the more media outlets will point out where he is misleading or exaggerating, giving the story national attention - and the more Biden's opponents could sense a weakness they could exploit. No more oxygen As if December's impeachment fight didn't make it hard enough for back-of-the-pack Democrats to generate attention amid a flood of major breaking news, now Iran is set to compete with a Senate trial of the president for top billing. That's bad news for candidates like Cory Booker, Deval Patrick, Tom Steyer and the few other stragglers who are still in the race but languishing in the polls and below the cut-off mark to qualify for upcoming primary debates. It could also spell trouble for Klobuchar, whose surge in fundraising and Iowa polling of late could prove short-lived if voters become preoccupied with events overseas. In presidential campaign politics, it helps to be the candidate who gets hot late in the game. With the Iran crisis looming, however, it may end up already being too late. Who will take on Trump in 2020? | ইরানি জেনারেল কাসেম সোলেইমানি হত্যার বিষয়টি যে মার্কিন নির্বাচনে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হয়ে উঠবে, তা এড়ানোর কোন উপায় নেই। এখনকার দিনে সবকিছুই প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচনে প্রভাব ফেলে আর এটা তো বড় একটা বিষয়। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Theresa May said Sir Kim's departure was "a matter of deep regret" after the ambassador said it was "impossible" for him to continue. Tory leadership candidate Boris Johnson has faced strong criticism for failing to fully support him. President Trump said on Monday that the US would not deal with Sir Kim. The US president had branded him "a very stupid guy" after confidential emails emerged where the ambassador had called his administration "clumsy and inept". In a letter to the Foreign Office, Sir Kim said he wanted to end speculation about his position: "The current situation is making it impossible for me to carry out my role as I would like." His resignation has prompted widespread support for Sir Kim as well as criticism of Tory frontrunner Boris Johnson. According to some Whitehall sources, Sir Kim decided to resign after Mr Johnson refused to support him during the Tory leadership debate on Tuesday night, said BBC diplomatic correspondent James Landale. Mr Johnson was asked repeatedly by fellow leadership candidate Jeremy Hunt whether he would keep Sir Kim in post if he became prime minister, but refused to answer. It is understood Mr Johnson spoke to Sir Kim on the phone on Wednesday afternoon. Sources close to Mr Johnson said that he praised Sir Kim's dedication and hard work and claimed the conversation was warm and cordial. Following Sir Kim's resignation, Mr Johnson said he was "a superb diplomat" and whoever was responsible for the leak "has done a grave disservice to our civil servants". Asked why he was not more supportive of Sir Kim, he said it was "wrong to drag civil servants into the political arena". Europe Minister Sir Alan Duncan - who backs Mr Hunt in the leadership contest - said it was "contemptible negligence" of Mr Johnson not to support Sir Kim. "He's basically thrown this fantastic diplomat under a bus to serve his own personal interests," he said. However, Sir Michael Fallon - a supporter of Mr Johnson - told BBC Newsnight Sir Kim's position became untenable "long before the debate on Tuesday night" and he understands the ambassador did not watch it. The backlash against Mr Johnson was "a shabby attempt to politicise" the affair and the leadership contender had "made it clear he supports all our diplomats", he said. Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said Mr Johnson wanted a "sweetheart trade deal" with the US and his lack of support for Sir Kim "shows he won't stand up to Donald Trump". Tory MP and chairman of the Commons' foreign affairs committee Tom Tugendhat said in a tweet: "Leaders stand up for their men. They encourage them to try and defend them when they fail." Fellow Tory leadership candidate and Foreign Secretary Mr Hunt told the BBC Sir Kim was "doing his job" and his resignation was "a black day for British diplomacy". Mrs May said Sir Kim had had the full backing of the cabinet and he was owed an "enormous debt of gratitude" for his "lifetime of service" to the UK. Public servants should be able to give "full and frank advice", she added. Analysis by James Landale, BBC diplomatic correspondent So was it Boris Johnson what done it? Was the failure of the former foreign secretary to defend Sir Kim in last night's Tory leadership debate the crucial factor in the ambassador's decision to resign? Without Sir Kim speaking publicly on the subject, we are reliant on others to speak for him. And certainly, according to well-placed sources in Whitehall, Mr Johnson's decision to avoid criticising President Trump and his lack of support for Sir Kim was said to be the straw that broke the camel's back. If you are an embattled diplomat under fire from your host country, you need cover from London. And if that is lacking from the man tipped to be your next boss, you realise the writing is on the wall. Certainly, there is genuine anger across Westminster and Whitehall at Mr Johnson's refusal six times last night to come to the aid of our man in Washington. Mr Johnson's supporters have offered varying counter theories. Some have accused Mr Hunt's supporters of politicising the resignation. Others have insisted that the decision had been made before the debate, once Mr Trump declared he would no longer deal with Sir Kim. Realising they were on the receiving end of potentially damaging criticism, Mr Johnson's aides also let it be known that he called Sir Kim this afternoon and praised his dedication and hard work. The problem is that few in Westminster were giving much credence to these defences. In the House of Commons, Theresa May pointedly urged MPs to "reflect on the importance of defending our values and principles, particularly when they are under pressure". It was not hard to decipher what she was talking about. Head of the diplomatic service Sir Simon McDonald said it was the first time in his career that a head of state had refused to work with a British ambassador. He described the leak as "malicious" and told Sir Kim: "You are the best of us." Republican Senator Lindsey Graham - a supporter of President Trump - said Sir Kim had done "an outstanding job" as ambassador and his resignation was "a chilling moment". "Ambassadors need to be able to talk to their governments without fear of being compromised," he said. In a letter to Sir Kim, Cabinet Secretary and civil service head Sir Mark Sedwill said that while he understood his reasons for resigning it was "a matter of enormous regret that you were put in this position after a shocking betrayal of trust". Cabinet Office Minister David Lidington said he was "enraged" by the situation and morale in the senior ranks of the civil service had taken "a very heavy blow". Former head of the civil service Lord O'Donnell told the BBC Sir Kim's successor could be chosen within two weeks - while Mrs May is still prime minister. President Trump could well wake up this morning thinking he has the power to veto who the UK has as its ambassador. It wasn't his more colourful remarks on Twitter that really ended Sir Kim's time, but Mr Trump's public announcement that he would no longer work with him. The effects of that were felt immediately. There was a banquet that Sir Kim was immediately dis-invited from. Next, he couldn't attend an event with minister Liam Fox. It was clear he was being frozen out and for an ambassador access is everything. Without it, it's impossible to do the job. More broadly, it's like this... There's never been parity in the special relationship between the UK and US - it's never been a relationship of equals but right now it seems particularly lopsided. The US knows that Britain is fairly isolated right now internationally and needs the US more than ever. Donald Trump has wielded that power mercilessly in this row. In the emails leaked to the Mail on Sunday, Sir Kim said: "We don't really believe this administration is going to become substantially more normal; less dysfunctional; less unpredictable; less faction-riven; less diplomatically clumsy and inept." The emails, dating from 2017, said rumours of "infighting and chaos" in the White House were mostly true. The government has opened an internal inquiry into the publication of the memos and police have been urged to open a criminal investigation. Downing Street confirmed there had been some "initial discussions" with police regarding the leak and if there was concern about criminal activity they would become involved "more formally". Metropolitan Police Commissioner Cressida Dick said it was "deeply worrying" diplomatic cables had ended up in the public domain. | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের প্রশাসন নিয়ে সমালোচনা করে ই-মেইল ফাঁসের জেরে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে নিযুক্ত ব্রিটিশ রাষ্ট্রদূত স্যার কিম ডারখ পদত্যাগ করেছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Thousands of troops have been deployed, a curfew imposed and internet services suspended, in efforts to quell the mass protests taking place in some areas of the state. There have been pitched battles between police and demonstrators. At least two people have died and seven policemen have been injured in clashes. But the protests in Assam - the first in the country after the bill was passed - have little to do with concerns about the exclusionary nature of the bill and the threat to secularism. They have more to do with indigenous fears about being demographically and culturally swamped by "outsiders". One reason for the tensions is that Assam is one of India's most complex and multi-ethnic states. Assamese and Bengali-speaking Hindus live here, as do a medley of tribespeople. A third of its 32 million residents are Muslims, the second-highest number in any part of India after Indian-administered Kashmir. It is also one of India's most fragmented and troubled regions: four north-eastern states have been carved out of Assam and three groups of tribespeople living there want to break away and form their own states. Residents have clashed over linguistic identity and citizenship. The Assamese and Bengali-speaking people have fiercely competed to control jobs and resources, often ignoring the legitimate claims and aspirations of the indigenous tribespeople who have lived there for centuries. Then there's the illegal immigration from neighbouring Bangladesh that has been a serious concern there for decades now. Assam shares a nearly 900km (560-mile) long border with Bangladesh, and both Hindus and Muslims have trickled in, some fleeing religious persecution and others looking for jobs. Estimates of illegal foreigners in the state range from four million to 10 million. A six-year anti-foreigner protest in the 1980s - during which hundreds of people were murdered - led to a 1985 pact between the federal government and protesters. It was agreed that anyone who entered Assam without proper documentation after 24 March 1971 would be declared a foreigner and deported. However, when nothing much changed over the next three decades, India's Supreme Court stepped in and ordered that a register of citizens prepared for the state in 1951 should be updated with the aim of identifying "genuine" citizens. In August, the updated National Register of Citizens, as the list is called, left out nearly two million people, effectively stripping them of citizenship. In the run-up to its publication, India's ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) had supported the NRC. The party had also swept to power in Assam's state government in 2016, riding on the support of the Hindus and tribespeople. But the BJP changed tack before the final citizens' register was published, saying it was error ridden. The reason for that was a lot of Bengali Hindus - a strong voter base for the party - were left off the list, and risked becoming illegal immigrants. Now the BJP has announced yet another update to the NRC to rectify the "wrongs" of the first list. The citizenship law - together with the NRC - now threaten to crack open old fault lines. The Assamese-speaking people - nearly half of the population - feel that they have been betrayed by the BJP, which had promised to detect and deport illegal immigrants. Muslims are angry with the law because they think it is discriminatory and they will be eventually singled out as illegal immigrants only on the basis of their religion. The Bengali-speaking Hindus are upset because reportedly more of them - and not Muslims - have been left out of the NRC. There are other concerns as well. The law lays out special protections for some areas of Assam which are dominated by tribespeople, to bar illegal immigrants from all communities from settling down there. But many say that because it does not cover the entire state, non-Muslim migrants, living in these "protected" areas could move to other parts of Assam and seek amnesty. "I don't think the BJP expected this sort of response to the citizenship law and the NRC in Assam. They could turn out to be bigger disasters than demonetisation," says Subir Bhaumik, an expert on India's north-east, referring to the botched currency ban of 2016 to flush out undeclared wealth. It does appear that the BJP did not anticipate the blowback. In a damage control exercise, Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted on Thursday that his government was "constitutionally committed to safeguard the political, linguistic, cultural and land rights of the Assamese people". No-one, he said, "can take away your rights, unique identity and beautiful culture". It is not clear whether Mr Modi's assurances will placate the protesters. Read more from Soutik Biswas | ভারতের একটি নতুন বিতর্কিত নাগরিকত্ব আইন নিয়ে ক্ষোভে উত্তাল দেশটির উত্তর-পূর্বাঞ্চলের চা উৎপাদনকারী রাজ্য আসাম। যে আইন প্রতিবেশী তিনটি দেশের অমুসলিম সংখ্যালঘুদের ভারতীয় নাগরিকত্ব পাওয়া সহজ করে দেবে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Reda El MawyBBC World Service Early in the morning on 12 June 2003, a Saudi prince is being driven to a palace on the outskirts of Geneva. His name is Sultan bin Turki bin Abdulaziz, and the palace belongs to his uncle, the late King Fahd. It's the king's favourite son, Prince Abdulaziz bin Fahd, who has invited him to breakfast. Abdulaziz asks Sultan to return to Saudi Arabia - where he says a conflict over Sultan's criticisms of the Saudi leadership will be resolved. Sultan refuses, at which point Abdulaziz excuses himself to make a phone call. The other man in the room, the Saudi Minister of Islamic Affairs, Sheikh Saleh al-Sheikh, leaves too and after a few moments masked men rush in. They beat Sultan and handcuff him, then a needle is plunged into his neck. Unconscious, Sultan is rushed to Geneva airport - and carried on to a Medevac plane that is conveniently waiting on the tarmac. Such, at least, is Sultan's account of the events, as told to a Swiss court many years later. Among Sultan's staff, waiting at a Geneva hotel for him to return from his breakfast appointment, was his communications officer, Eddie Ferreira. "Progressively, as the day went on the silence became deafening," he remembers. "We couldn't reach the security team. That was the first real alert. We tried to contact the prince; there was no response, no answer." Then, in the afternoon, two unexpected visitors arrived. "The Saudi ambassador to Switzerland came in with the general manager of the hotel and quite simply just told everybody to vacate the penthouse and get out," Ferreira says. "The prince was in Riyadh, our services were no longer required, and we could leave." What had Prince Sultan done that could have led his family to violently drug and kidnap him? The previous year he had arrived in Europe for medical treatment, and started giving interviews critical of the Saudi government. He condemned the country's record on human rights, complained about corruption among princes and officials, and called for a series of reforms. Ever since 1932, when King Abdulaziz, known as Ibn Saud, founded Saudi Arabia, the country has been ruled as an absolute monarchy. It does not tolerate dissent. Prince Turki bin Bandar was once a major in the Saudi police, with responsibility for policing the royal family itself. But a bitter family dispute over a contested inheritance landed him in prison, and on his release he fled to Paris, where, in 2012, he began posting videos on YouTube calling for reform in Saudi Arabia. The Saudis reacted as they had with Prince Sultan, and tried to persuade Turki to return. When Ahmed al-Salem, the deputy minister of the interior called, the prince recorded the conversation and posted it online. "Everybody's looking forward to your return, God bless you," says the deputy minister. "Looking forward to my return?" replies Turki. "What about the letters your officers send me? 'You son of a whore, we'll drag you back like Sultan bin Turki.'" The deputy minister replies reassuringly: "They won't touch you. I'm your brother." "No they're from you," says Turki. "The Ministry of Interior sends them." Turki went on publishing videos until July 2015. Then, sometime later that year, he disappeared. "He called me every month or two," says a friend, the blogger and activist Wael al-Khalaf. "Then he disappeared for four or five months. I was suspicious. [Then] I heard from a senior officer in the kingdom that Turki bin Bandar was with them. So they'd taken him, he'd been kidnapped." After a long search for news of Turki, I found an article in a Moroccan newspaper, which said that he had been about to return to France after a visit to Morocco, when he was arrested and jailed. Then, following a request from the Saudi authorities, he was deported with the approval of a Moroccan court. We don't know for certain what happened to Turki bin Bandar, but before he disappeared he gave his friend Wael a copy of a book he'd written, in which he had added what may be a prophetic note. "Dear Wael, these statements are not to be shared unless I am kidnapped or assassinated. I know I will be kidnapped or they will assassinate me. I also know how they abuse my rights and those of the Saudi people." Around the same time as Prince Turki vanished another Saudi prince, Saud bin Saif al-Nasr - a relatively minor royal with a liking for Europe's casinos and expensive hotels - shared a similar fate. In 2014 Saud began writing tweets that were critical of the Saudi monarchy. He called for the prosecution of Saudi officials who'd backed the overthrow of Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi the previous year. Then, in September 2015, Saud went further. After an anonymous Saudi prince wrote two letters calling for a coup to remove King Salman, Saud publicly endorsed them - the only royal to do so. This was tantamount to treason, and may have sealed his fate. A few days later, he tweeted: "I call for the nation to turn the content of these letters into popular pressure." Then his Twitter account went silent. Another dissident prince - Prince Khaled bin Farhan, who fled to Germany in 2013 - believes Saud was tricked into flying from Milan to Rome to discuss a business deal with a Russian-Italian company seeking to open branches in the Gulf. "A private plane from the company came and took Prince Saud. But it didn't land in Rome, it landed in Riyadh," Khaled says. "It turned out Saudi intelligence had fabricated the entire operation," he claims. "Now Prince Saud's fate is the same as Prince Turki's, which is prison… The only fate is an underground prison." Find out more Prince Sultan, being higher up the royal pecking order, was shuttled between prison and house arrest. But his health was also deteriorating, so in 2010 the royal family allowed him to seek medical treatment in Boston, Massachusetts. What he did from the safety of his US exile must have horrified the Saudis - he filed a criminal complaint in the Swiss courts, accusing Prince Abdulaziz bin Fahd and Sheikh Saleh al-Sheikh of responsibility for his 2003 kidnap. His American lawyer, Clyde Bergstresser, obtained a medical record from King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, where Sultan was admitted on 13 June 2003, which indicated that a tube had been placed into his mouth to help him breathe while anaesthetised, and that one side of his diaphragm was paralysed - presumably as a result of the assault. For the first time a senior Saudi royal was launching a criminal complaint, in a Western court, against another family member. But Bergstresser says the Swiss authorities have shown little interest in the case. "Nothing has been done to pursue what occurred at the airport," he says. "Who were the pilots? What were the flight plans when these planes from Saudi Arabia arrived? This abduction occurred on Swiss soil and one would think that there would be an interest in finding out how that occurred." In January 2016, Sultan was staying at an exclusive Paris hotel when, like Saud bin Saif al-Nasr, he was tempted on to an aeroplane. He was planning to visit his father, also a well-known critic of the Saudi government, in Cairo, when the Saudi consulate offered him and his entourage of about 18 - including a personal doctor and nurses and bodyguards from the US and Europe - the use of a private jet. Despite what had happened to him in 2003, he accepted. Two members of the entourage explain how events unfolded. Both prefer to remain anonymous. "We pulled on to the tarmac and in front of us was a huge airplane, with... it had the country of Saudi Arabia written on it," says one. "It was a little eerie because there were a lot of crew members on board. All of them were male," says the other. The plane took off with in-flight monitors showing it was bound for Cairo. But two-and-a-half hours into the flight, the monitors went blank. Prince Sultan was sleeping in his room, but he woke up about an hour before landing. He looked out of the window, and appeared anxious, the former members of his staff say. As it dawned on the passengers that they were about to land in Saudi Arabia, Sultan started banging on the cockpit door and crying for help. A crew member ordered the prince's team to stay in their seats. "We looked out the window and we just saw a bunch of people get out with their rifles slung over their chest and surrounded the plane," says one of the members of his entourage. The soldiers and cabin crew dragged Sultan from the plane. He was screaming at his team to call the US embassy. The prince and his medics were taken to a villa and put under armed guard. On the plane the others waited nervously. They were later taken to a hotel, held for three days without passports or telephones, then allowed to fly to a destination of their choice. Before they left, a Saudi official, who the prince's staff recognised as one of the "flight attendants" on the plane, offered an apology. "He told us that we were simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. And that he was sorry for the inconvenience," one of them says. The other adds: "I wasn't inconvenienced - I was kidnapped. I was held against my will in a country that I did not choose to go to." It was an astonishing situation. Together with Prince Sultan, about 18 foreign nationals had been kidnapped, taken to Saudi Arabia, and held by the Saudi military. There has been no news of Prince Sultan since these events. I asked the government of Saudi Arabia to respond to the allegations in this film. It declined to comment. Meanwhile Prince Khaled, still exiled in Germany, worries that he too will be forced to return to Riyadh. "There were four of us family members in Europe. We criticised the family and its rule in Saudi Arabia. Three of us were kidnapped. I'm the only one left," he says. Could he be next on the abduction list? "I'm convinced. I've been convinced for a long time. If they could do it, they'd have done it by now. I'm very cautious, but it's at the price of my freedom." Update, October 2018: Two months after this story was published the former head of Saudi intelligence, Prince Turki al-Fasial, confirmed that all three missing princes were back in Saudi Arabia. Prince Khaled bin Farhan, meanwhile, says he has heard from sources inside the country that Prince Turki bin Bandar and Saud bin Saif al-Nasr have both been executed. This could not be independently confirmed. Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter. | ২০১৫ থেকে ২০১৭ সাল পর্যন্ত ইউরোপে বসবাসরত তিনজন সৌদি রাজপুত্র নিখোঁজ হয়ে যান যাদের প্রত্যেকেই সৌদি সরকারের সমালোচক ছিলেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The party secretary for the Hubei Health Commission, and the head of the commission, are the most senior officials to be demoted so far. The deputy director of the local Red Cross was also removed for "dereliction of duty" over "handling of donations". Meanwhile the World Health Organization has named the virus Covid-19. The WHO is holding a two-day meeting in Geneva involving top medical, scientific and public health experts, aimed at speeding up the global response to the outbreak. There are now more than 42,200 confirmed cases across China. The number of deaths has overtaken that of the Sars epidemic in 2003. On Monday, some 103 died in Hubei province alone, a daily record, and the national death toll is now 1,016. But the number of new infections nationally was down almost 20% from the day before, from 3,062 to 2,478. Speaking to Reuters news agency, leading Chinese respiratory expert Zhong Nanshan said the virus was hitting a peak in China this month and that the outbreak may be over by April. He said he was basing the forecast on mathematical modelling, recent events and government action. However, Zhong's previous forecast of an earlier peak turned out to be premature. According to state media, there have been hundreds of sackings, investigations and warnings across Hubei and other provinces during the outbreak. But removal from a certain role - while regarded as a censure - does not always mean the person will be sacked entirely, as it can also mean demotion. As well as being removed from their posts, officials can also be punished by the ruling Communist Party. For example, the deputy head of the government-run Red Cross charity, Zhang Qin, was given "a serious intra-Party warning as well as a serious administrative demerit", state media said. The two Hubei party officials will be replaced by a national figure - the deputy director of China's National Health Commission, Wang Hesheng. Earlier this month, the deputy head of the Wuhan bureau of statistics was removed, with similar sanctions for "violating relevant regulations to distribute face masks". In recent days, Chinese authorities have increasingly been criticised for their handling of the crisis. The death of a doctor whose early warnings were suppressed by authorities sparked widespread public anger. Beijing has sent a team from its highest anti-corruption agency to Hubei to investigate the treatment of Dr Li by police. But sources say at least 500 hospital staff had been infected in Wuhan by mid-January, according to the South China Morning Post. Doctors and nurses had been told not to make the extent of infections public, it reports. 'It was only a question of who and when' Analysis by BBC China correspondent, Stephen McDonell, Beijing Somebody was always going to be for the chop following the shambolic early handling of the coronavirus emergency. That early response cost precious weeks, slowing the response while millions of people left Wuhan before the transport blockade was in place. It was only a question of who would go - and when. With the local authorities facing a storm of public anger, the top two officials in Hubei's provincial health commission have been dismissed. Nobody expects it to end there. Possibly sensing that his own head was already on the block, the mayor of Wuhan, Zhou Xianwang, said the reason it took so long to warn the public about the virus was that he didn't have clearance from above. Clearance from above? That could mean permission from the provincial party secretary. It could also be interpreted that he was directing the blame all the way to Beijing. Now that can mean either China's top leaders are partly at fault; or the Communist Party's governance structures need to be overhauled; or the mayor is wrong - that is, he is the one who ultimately should carry the blame. People can decide which of these options is most likely to be acknowledged and acted upon. What's the latest in China? More than three-quarters of the deaths have been in Hubei's provincial capital, Wuhan, the centre of the outbreak. The city of 11 million has been in lockdown for weeks. China has been sending large numbers of medical staff to the city. State news agency Xinhua shared images on Monday of doctors and nurses shaving their heads to prepare for wearing protective clothing. However, health officials have warned that medical facilities in rural areas across the country are inadequate. In Hong Kong, 23 households were evacuated from an estate on Monday night and taken into quarantine, after cases were detected there. The territory has had months of protests and chief executive Carrie Lam has called for "social cohesion" in the face of the health crisis. What about the rest of the world? Two Japanese citizens who were evacuated on government-chartered flights from Wuhan in January have now tested positive. Both men had previously tested negative for the virus but later displayed symptoms, according to media reports. The Diamond Princess cruise ship remains quarantined in Japan's port of Yokohama, with 135 cases confirmed among the 3,700 passengers and crew. Thailand on Tuesday did not allow passengers from another cruise ship to disembark, despite no confirmed infections aboard. North Korea is reported to have sent hundreds of workers to patrol its borders with China. Road, rail and air links with China have already been cut. The country has not reported any infections but South Korean media say the virus has reached the secretive communist state. What are the symptoms of coronavirus and what can help stop its spread? The main signs of infection are fever (high temperature) and a cough as well as shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. Frequent hand washing with soap or gel, avoiding close contact with people who are ill and not touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands, can help cut the risk of infection. Catching coughs and sneezes in a tissue, binning it and washing your hands can minimise the risk of spreading disease. Read more about the coronavirus and its impact SHOULD WE WORRY? Our health correspondent explains YOUR QUESTIONS: Can you get it more than once? WHAT YOU CAN DO: Do masks really help? UNDERSTANDING THE SPREAD: A visual guide to the outbreak LIFE UNDER LOCKDOWN: A Wuhan diary ECONOMIC IMPACT: Why much of 'the world's factory' remains closed Have you been affected by any of the issues raised here? Please get in touch by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways: | করোনাভাইরাসে মৃতের সংখ্যা এক হাজার ছাড়িয়ে গেলে চীন বেশ কয়েকজন জ্যেষ্ঠ কর্মকর্তাকে 'অপসারণ' করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Iyad Halaq, 32, was shot in occupied East Jerusalem as he walked to his special needs school on 30 May. Police said officers suspected Mr Halaq had a weapon and that they opened fire when he failed to obey orders to stop. It was discovered he was unarmed. Mr Netanyahu had not commented publicly on the killing until now. On Sunday he offered his condolences and said he expected a full investigation into the shooting. "What happened with Iyad Halaq is a tragedy," Mr Netanyahu said at the start of a cabinet meeting. "This is a man with limitations - autism - who was under suspicion, we know, wrongly, of being a terrorist in a very sensitive location." The Halaq family's lawyer Jad Qadmani said "suspicion of criminal action on behalf of the officers is growing", and he expected "those responsible for the investigation will proceed and bring the officers to justice", according to Israeli newspaper Haaretz. In recent years there has been a spate of attacks - many of them deadly - by Palestinians against Israelis in and around the Old City, with assailants shot dead by police in many cases. What happened to Iyad Halaq? Last Saturday, Iyad Halaq was walking from his home in Jerusalem's Wadi al-Joz area to the Old City to go to a centre for children and adults with disabilities. An Israeli police statement said units "spotted a suspect with a suspicious object that looked like a pistol". "They called upon him to stop and began to chase after him on foot. During the chase, officers also opened fire at the suspect, who was neutralised," it added. "No weapon was found at the scene after the area was searched." An autopsy found Mr Halaq was shot twice in the chest. Mr Halaq's cousin, Dr Hatem Awiwi, said he was on the low-functioning end of the autism spectrum and that he had trouble communicating with people. He said Mr Halaq did not know what a police officer was and had just fled. What was the reaction to his death? The shooting sparked widespread anger, with thousands attending Mr Halaq's funeral, while many Palestinians and Israelis took the streets to protest over his death. Activists have drawn parallels with the killing of George Floyd in the US, which has sparked widespread protests. Social media users have been using the hashtag "Palestinian lives matter" to share their outrage. Last week, Israel's defence minister and Alternate Prime Minister, Benny Gantz, said the cabinet was "really sorry about the incident" of Mr Halaq's killing. It comes at a time of rising tensions between Israelis and Palestinians in the wake of Mr Netanyahu's declared intention to annex parts of the occupied West Bank - something which has been met with outrage by Palestinians. | গত মাসে ইসরায়েলি পুলিশের হাতে এক অটিস্টিক ফিলিস্তিনি তরুণ হত্যার ঘটনাকে ইসরায়েলি প্রধানমন্ত্রী বেনিয়ামিন নেতানিয়াহু ‘ট্রাজেডি’ বলে মন্তব্য করেছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The annual festival, in China's north-east Heilongjiang province, is one of the biggest ice and snow festivals in the world. About 220,000 cubic metres of ice and snow were reportedly used to build the ice world. Visitors were treated to a towering frozen ice palace. There was even an ice steam train. The 36th Harbin Ice Festival began in 1963 and was interrupted for a few years because of China's Cultural Revolution, resuming again in 1985. As well as towering ice structures, the festival includes activities like sledging, ice hockey, ice football, speed skating and Alpine skiing competitions. There are also swimming competitions in frozen water. Participants seen below are competing in the Songhua River. A highlight of the festival was a snow-themed group wedding ceremony. About 40 couples were reported to have got married this year. Harbin Ice Festival runs until 25 February 2020. . | চীনের হারবিন শহরে চলছে আন্তর্জাতিক বরফ এবং তুষার উৎসব। পাঁচ তারিখ উদ্বোধন হওয়া এই উৎসবে রয়েছে বরফ দিয়ে তৈরি বিশাল আকারের প্রাসাদ , গণবিয়ের আয়োজন আর রক্ত জমে যাওয়ার মতো ঠাণ্ডা পানিতে সাঁতার প্রতিযোগিতা ছাড়াও আরো অনেক আকর্ষণ। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | They are some of the country's most downtrodden citizens because of an unforgiving Hindu caste hierarchy that condemns them to the bottom of the heap. Tens of thousands of Dalits recently took to the streets to protest against a Supreme Court ruling - they said it sought to weaken a law that was designed to protect them. The court had said that the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, popularly known as the SC/ST Act, had been "misused" in the past but the order sparked massive outrage and the federal government asked the court to review its decision. The exhibition's organisers say they chose these stories in response to the court's decision in the hope that the law would not be diluted further. They say these cases - all from the western state of Maharashtra - show that "the victims are ready to fight but there was no mechanism to help them". Despite the laws to protect Dalits, more than 40,000 crimes against lower castes were reported in 2016 alone, according to official statistics. In the past, conflicts between Dalits and upper castes were restricted to fights over land, wages, water, housing and the practice of untouchability. However, according to activists, rising aspirations among young Dalits have fuelled violence against them by upper-caste community members who are unable to accept this. Found in a field Sagar Shejwal, a 24-year-old nursing student, travelled to the town of Shirdi in May 2015 to attend a friend's wedding. During the trip, Mr Shejwal went to a liquor store with two of his cousins and his phone started to ring while he was there. His ring tone was a song that paid tribute to Dr B R Ambedkar, a Dalit icon and revered Indian leader. According to the police complaint, a group of eight men who had been drinking outside the shop objected to the ring tone and asked him to change it. The verbal spat reportedly turned violent and the men allegedly hit Mr Shejwal with a bottle, kicking and punching him before taking him away on a motorbike. Police say they found his body hours later in a field. His autopsy showed that he had suffered multiple fractures - allegedly caused by a motorbike being run over him repeatedly. The accused men have been granted bail. Found in a quarry Manik Udage, 25, was allegedly beaten to death with a steel rod in 2014 because he had organised a grand event to celebrate the anniversary of Dr B R Ambedkar's birth. The venue for the event was a neighbourhood in Pune city where many upper-caste families lived. Some of them did not want the event to be held there and asked Mr Udage, a contractor, to shift the venue but he reportedly refused. His family alleges that four men arrived at their home in the early hours of 1 May and took Mr Udage away. His body was found in a quarry on 3 May. The four accused, all men from upper castes, are now in jail. They have been denied bail several times. But Mr Udage's brother, Shravan, fears that his family is still under threat. He says he feels nervous every time he passes through the neighbourhood where the families of the accused men live. Hanging from a tree Nitin Aage, a 17-year-old boy from a village called Kharda, was found hanging from a tree on 28 April 2014. According to the police, Nitin had been seen speaking to a girl from an upper-caste community at their school. Three men, including the girl's brother, had allegedly been harassing him for some time because they suspected he was in a romantic relationship with her. Police said he was first beaten at the school and then allegedly taken to a property owned by the girl's family where he was strangled to death. They believe he was hanged from a tree to make it appear as if he had taken his own life. The 13 men who were accused in the murder were acquitted in November 2017. Nitin's family has been demanding a retrial since then. 'Staged to look like suicide' Sanjay Danane, 38, was found hanging near the school where he worked in 2010. His parents allege that he was killed by his upper-caste colleagues because of a dispute at work and that they staged the death to resemble a suicide. Police arrested about 18 people, including teachers, board members and the school's principal. They have since been granted bail. Deprived of water supply Ten-year-old Rajashree Kamble hurt herself on the head when she slipped and fell while fetching water. Her father, Namdev, alleges that his daughter would be alive if the Dalit neighbourhood where they live had received their daily supply of water. In February 2016, the wells in the village had dried up because of a drought in the region. Mr Kamble says the village council managed to supply water to other neighbourhoods in the village but refused to do the same for his neighbourhood despite repeated requests. He says he tried to lodge a police complaint against the village head and other officials but he was unable to do so. 'Stabbed for digging a well' Madhukar Ghadge, 48, was allegedly killed by 12 upper-caste men for digging a well on his land, which was surrounded by lands owned by them. He was allegedly digging the well when he was assaulted with a "spear-like" weapon. His relatives say he was pronounced dead when they arrived at the nearest hospital. Mr Ghadge's wife and son say his murder was also driven by the fact that theirs was an educated family that was involved in local politics. Three years later, a lower court acquitted all 12 accused because of lack of evidence. An appeal is still pending in the Mumbai high court. Beheaded and burnt The day before he turned 19, on 30 April 2009, Rohan Kakade did not return home. His parents began searching for him and they found his body hours later- he had been beheaded and his body set on fire. The accused - five upper-caste men - allegedly believed he was in a relationship with one of their sisters. But Mr Kakade's parents say the two were not in love. The girl would occasionally call him and they were friends. Two-and-half years after Mr Kakade's death, his father died. His mother continued to fight the case but all five accused were acquitted by the courts. Sudharak Olwe is an award-winning photographer based in Mumbai. | ভারতের মুম্বাই শহরে আয়োজিত একটি আলোকচিত্র প্রদর্শনীতে দলিত সমাজের নিগ্রহ ও নির্যাতনের চিত্র তুলে ধরা হয়েছে। একেকটি ছবিতে রয়েছে এরকম একেকটি গল্পের বিবরণ যেখানে দেখা যায় বৈষম্য ও সহিংসতার কারণে পিছিয়ে পড়া এই সমাজের লোকেরা কিভাবে প্রাণ হারিয়েছেন। পশ্চিমাঞ্চলীয় রাজ্য মহারাষ্ট্রে তোলা এসব ছবিতে উঠে এসেছে ভারতে লাখ লাখ দলিত মানুষের বাস্তব জীবনের ছবি যা ধরা পড়েছে ফটোগ্রাফার সুধারাক ওলভের ক্যামেরায়। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | He signed an executive order which effectively bars US companies from using foreign telecoms believed to pose national security risks. The order does not name any company, but is believed to target Huawei. The Chinese tech giant said restricting its business in the US would only hurt American consumers and companies. Several countries, led by the US, have raised concerns in recent months that Huawei products could be used by China for surveillance, allegations the company has vehemently denied. The US has been pressuring allies to shun Huawei in their next generation 5G mobile networks. In a separate development, the US commerce department added Huawei to its "entity list", a move that bans the company from acquiring technology from US firms without government approval. The moves are likely to worsen tensions between the US and China, which had already escalated this week with tariff hikes in a trade war. Huawei has been at the epicentre of the US-China power struggle that has dominated global politics over the past year. What does the order say? According to a White House statement, Mr Trump's order aims to "protect America from foreign adversaries who are actively and increasingly creating and exploiting vulnerabilities in information and communications technology infrastructure and services". It gives the secretary of commerce the power to "prohibit transactions posing an unacceptable risk to the national security", the statement adds. The move was instantly welcomed by Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai, who called it "a significant step toward securing America's networks". The US had already restricted federal agencies from using Huawei products and has encouraged allies to shun them, while Australia and New Zealand have both blocked the use of Huawei gear in 5G networks. In April 2018 another Chinese tech company, ZTE, was barred from buying US parts after it was placed on the same "entity list". It resumed business after reaching a deal with the US in July. How has Huawei responded? Huawei has said its work does not pose any threats and that it is independent from the Chinese government. "Restricting Huawei from doing business in the US will not make the US more secure or stronger," the company said in a statement. "Instead, this will only serve to limit the US to inferior yet more expensive alternatives, leaving the US lagging behind in 5G deployment, and eventually harming the interests of US companies and consumers." The company also said "unreasonable restrictions" on Huawei raised "other serious legal issues". During a meeting in London on Tuesday, Huawei chairman Liang Hua said it was "willing to sign no-spy agreements with governments" as concerns over the security of its products used in mobile networks continued to grow. What does the national emergency mean? By declaring a national emergency President Trump can effectively bypass other branches of government and gains access to a raft of special powers. The Brennan Center for Justice, a non-partisan public policy institute, has compiled a list of more than 120 legal powers the president can use in such an event - they range from taking over farmland to calling up military reservists or seizing property with few or no restrictions. President Trump has now declared five national emergencies, including most recently over the southern US border. A rolling list of national emergencies compiled by the centre shows there are now 33 active national emergencies in the US. The oldest emergency still in place was signed by President Jimmy Carter in November 1979 as a response to the Iran hostage crisis. Others signed by Presidents Bill Clinton, George W Bush and Barack Obama also remain in effect. The other US move that could hurt Huawei more President Trump does not name or single out Huawei in his executive order but the intent is clear: keep the company out of the US. What is more - this comes against the backdrop of an escalating trade war - and will no doubt inflame tensions between the two countries. Huawei consistently says that if the US bans Huawei from its networks, they are the ones to lose out, not Huawei. That is true. Even without the US market, Huawei is likely to control 40-60% of the networks around the world, industry analysts say. But what may hurt Huawei more is the US decision to put them on the "entity list" - effectively banning American suppliers from selling to the firm. Huawei may not need the US market, but it certainly needs the key components that it gets from the US. What about the trade war? President Trump has complained about China's trading practices since before taking office in 2017. The US more than doubled tariffs on $200bn (£154.9bn) of Chinese goods on Friday and China retaliated with its own tariff hikes on US products. This escalated the situation which only recently seemed to be nearing a conclusion. However, stock markets steadied on Wednesday as hopes rose that the two countries might resume talks next month as Mr Trump said he expected to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping at the G20 summit in Japan. China's foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang also said that the two men "maintain contact through various means". | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প দেশটির কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ককে "বিদেশি প্রতিপক্ষ" থেকে রক্ষা করার জন্য জরুরি অবস্থা ঘোষণা করেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The crew was poisoned by fumes as the vessel was taking measurements in Russian territorial waters on Monday. The ministry gave no details about the type of vessel. But Russian media reports say it was a nuclear mini-submarine used for special operations. The fire was later put out and the vessel is now at Severomorsk, the main base of the Russian Northern Fleet. The defence ministry did not say how many crew members were aboard at the time. Reports in local media say several crew were injured and taken to hospital. An investigation into the incident has begun under the commander-in-chief of the navy. Russian President Vladimir Putin later on Tuesday pulled out of a scheduled event in the Tver region, north-west of Moscow, to discuss the issue with Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu. Mr Putin described the incident as a big loss for the Russian Navy, and expressed "sincere condolences" to the victims' families. Seven captains and two service personnel awarded Russia's highest honorary title, Hero of the Russian Federation, were among those who died on board the vessel, the president said. Mr Shoigu was ordered to go immediately to Severomorsk. It's still not clear what caused the fire, which the crew ultimately brought under control; we don't know how many men survived. And there are still questions over exactly what vessel was involved. President Putin said the dead included two heroes of Russia and seven "captains 1st rank"- which seems unusually senior - for research work. Some media in Russia are citing sources saying they could have been on board a nuclear-powered submarine, possibly even the secretive AS-12. It is thought to be used for highly sensitive missions. Mr Putin returned especially to the Kremlin from out of town to order his defence minister to oversee the investigation. The president is clearly keen not to repeat his disastrous handling of the Kursk submarine disaster in August 2000, when 118 men died. That accident was shrouded in secrecy - and Mr Putin initially stayed on holiday for several days. Submersibles are generally smaller vessels with limited crew on board supported by ships on the surface, while submarines are larger vessels capable of operating autonomously over long distances. The Kursk submarine, which was destroyed by the blasts in the Barents Sea, was also part of the Northern Fleet. Underwater tragedies Accidents involving underwater vessels are rare. Here are some of the most serious: | রাশিয়ার জলসীমার বাইরে গবেষণা কাজে ব্যবহৃত একটি সাবমেরিনে আগুন লেগে ১৪ জন নাবিক নিহত হয়েছেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | There are now more than 200 cases, mostly in Wuhan, though the respiratory illness has also been detected in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. Three people have died. Japan, Thailand and South Korea have reported cases. The new strain of coronavirus, which causes a type of pneumonia, can pass from person to person, China confirmed. Respiratory expert Zhong Nanshan, who heads the health commission team investigating the virus, said 14 medical workers had caught it while treating patients, state media reported. The sharp rise comes as millions of Chinese prepare to travel for the Lunar New Year holidays. Although the outbreak is believed to have originated from a market, officials and scientists are yet to determine exactly how it has been spreading. The outbreak has revived memories of the Sars virus - also a coronavirus - that killed 774 people in the early 2000s across dozens of countries, mostly in Asia. Analysis of the genetic code of the new virus shows it is more closely related to Sars than any other human coronavirus. Experts in the UK told the BBC the number of people infected could still be far greater than official figures suggest, with estimates closer to 1,700. What we know about the virus Source: World Health Organization Who has been infected? Authorities in Wuhan, a central Chinese city of 11 million that has been at the heart of the outbreak, on Monday said 136 new cases had been confirmed over the weekend, with a third person dying of the virus. There had previously been only 62 confirmed cases in the city. As of late Sunday, officials said 170 people in Wuhan were still being treated in hospital, including nine in critical condition. Beijing also confirmed its first cases, with five people infected. Shanghai confirmed its first case on Monday - a 56-year-old woman who came from Wuhan. In the city of Shenzhen, a major tech hub close to Hong Kong, officials said a 66-year-old man showed symptoms of the virus following a trip to visit relatives in Wuhan. State media reported 14 other cases in Guangdong province. Four cases have been confirmed abroad - two in Thailand, one in Japan and one in South Korea - all of them involving people who are either from Wuhan or have visited the city. In South Korea, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said a 35-year-old Chinese woman was suffering from a fever and respiratory problems after travelling there from Wuhan. She was put into isolation and treated at a local hospital. The World Health Organization said it was currently not recommending restrictions on travel or trade, but was providing guidance to countries preparing for any outbreak. Airports in Singapore, Hong Kong and the Japanese capital Tokyo have been screening air passengers from Wuhan, and US authorities last week announced similar measures at three major airports in San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York. What are the Chinese authorities saying? How China is responding to the outbreak is under close scrutiny, given that it was widely criticised for initially covering up the Sars crisis in late 2002 and early 2003. On Monday, Chinese President Xi Jinping for the first time publicly addressed the outbreak, saying that the virus must be "resolutely contained". The foreign ministry, meanwhile, said China was providing "timely information about the disease" and would "work with all parties to deal with the virus". China's National Health Commission on Monday confirmed that two cases in China were due to human-to-human transmission, state-run Xinhua news agency reported. The commission had earlier said there had been no such cases, but that the virus had instead crossed the species barrier and come from infected animals at a seafood and wildlife market in Wuhan. The WHO also said it believed there had been "some limited human-to-human transmission occurring between close contacts". "As more… cases are identified and more analysis undertaken, we will get a clearer picture of disease severity and transmission patterns," it wrote on Twitter. It noted that the rise in cases in China was a result of "increased searching and testing for [the virus] among people sick with respiratory illness". What impact could Lunar New Year have? From Friday, most Chinese will begin their week-long Lunar New Year holidays. It's a time when hundreds of millions travel around China to visit family, raising fears that authorities will not be able to adequately monitor further spread of the disease. Wuhan is a transport hub and authorities there have for nearly a week been using temperature scanners at airports, and train and bus stations. Those showing signs of fever have been registered, given masks and taken to hospitals and clinics. Authorities say they will now also be screening everyone leaving the city. At Beijing's central railway station, some travellers donned masks but did not appear overly concerned about the virus. "Watching the news, I do feel a little worried. But I haven't taken precautionary measures beyond wearing regular masks," Li Yang, a 28-year-old account manager travelling to the region of Inner Mongolia, told the AFP news agency. But the tone in Chinese social media, where the outbreak has been a top trending topic, was different. "Who knows how many people who have been to Wuhan may be unaware that they have already been infected?" one Weibo user said. | চীনে নতুন ভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত রোগীর সংখ্যা গত শনি ও রবিবারে তিন গুন বেড়ে গেছে। ভাইরাসটি এখন উহান থেকে অন্যান্য বড় বড় শহরেও ছড়িয়ে পড়তে শুরু করেছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Australian Brenton Tarrant, 28, has so far been charged with one murder and is expected to face further charges. A source told news website Stuff the prisoner had said he was being denied access to visitors and phone calls. He is being kept in isolation at the Auckland Prison in Paremoremo, considered New Zealand's toughest. New Zealand is still coming to terms with the mass killings. More than 20,000 people attended a memorial service addressed by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern in Christchurch's Hagley Park on Friday. What are the suspect's reported complaints? The prisoner was flown to Auckland Prison immediately after his first court appearance, in Christchurch on 16 March, a day after the attacks. Stuff says the prisoner complained to the Department of Corrections that he was being deprived of his basic rights, specifically phone calls and access to visitors. One private visitor a week for at least 30 minutes and at least one telephone call a week are part of the minimum entitlement under the the Corrections Act, along with sufficient food and drink, bedding, healthcare and exercise. The Department of Corrections source told Stuff: "He's under constant observation and isolation. He doesn't get the usual minimum entitlements. So no phone calls and no visits." Does he have a case? According to the Department of Corrections website, "prisoners have the right to be treated with humanity, dignity and respect while in prison". However, the department can apply exceptions to the entitlement under certain circumstances. Entitlements can be withheld if prisoners are segregated "for purposes of security, good order, or safety, or for the purpose of protective custody". This can also apply if the security of the prison, or the safety of any person, is threatened. What are his jail conditions? A Department of Corrections spokesperson confirmed to New Zealand media that the prisoner had had no access to any media or visitors. The spokesperson said the suspect was being managed according to the Corrections Act and "for operational security reasons no further information will be provided". Stuff says it is thought the prisoner has a door that leads to a concrete yard which he can use for one hour a day. He is said to be "compliant". He has been remanded until 5 April and has not yet entered a plea. He is expected to appear at further hearings in Christchurch via video link. What is he charged with? So far just a single count of murder, though more charges are expected. Fifty people were killed in attacks on two mosques on 15 March. Part of the attack was livestreamed on Facebook. A court has ruled the suspect's face should be pixellated in photographs. It is thought he will represent himself in court. How is New Zealand healing? Friday's memorial service carried appeals for the rejection of extremism and embracing of humanity. Ms Ardern said: "We are not immune to the viruses of hate, of fear... We never have been, but we can be the nation that discovers the cure." Farid Ahmed, who survived the attack but whose wife Husna was killed, made a plea for peace, saying he had forgiven the gunman. Cat Stevens, whose Muslim name is Yusuf Islam, sang his songs Peace Train and Don't Be Shy. All 50 names of the victims were read out. They included men, women and children from across the world. The youngest was just three years old. There are still 22 people recovering in hospital, including a critically injured four-year-old girl. | নিউজিল্যান্ডের ক্রাইস্টচার্চে দুটি মসজিদে হামলা চালিয়ে ৫০জন মানুষকে হত্যা করার দায়ে অভিযুক্ত ব্যক্তি এবার আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে অভিযোগ জানিয়েছেন যে কারাগারে তিনি চিকিৎসা পাচ্ছেন না। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Michelle RobertsHealth editor, BBC News online The Scientific Advisory Commission on Nutrition and the health watchdog the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) have done a rapid review of the evidence. What is the advice? With more people staying indoors during the pandemic, some may have been deprived of vitamin D. Normally, many of us get it by spending time outside. Our skin makes it when exposed to the sun. The NHS says people should consider taking 10 micrograms of vitamin D a day if they are spending a lot of time indoors. Scottish and Welsh governments and Northern Ireland's Public Health Agency issued similar advice during lockdown. Before the pandemic, people in the UK were already advised to consider taking supplements from October to March. Public Health England recommends vitamin D throughout the year if: People with dark skin may also not be getting enough, even if they spend time outdoors, and should consider an all-year-round supplement. There is evidence that black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) people have a higher risk of getting seriously ill with coronavirus. Why do we need vitamin D? Vitamin D is important for healthy bones, teeth and muscles. A lack of it can lead to a bone deformity illness called rickets in children, and a similar bone weakness condition called osteomalacia in adults. There are also suggestions that vitamin D boosts the immune system and helps fight off infections. Some studies suggest adequate vitamin D levels help when we have common colds and flu, for example. But evidence from research is inconsistent. The Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) says studies on using vitamin D for treating or preventing chest infections showed insufficient evidence to recommend it for this. Can it stop coronavirus? A review of research by NICE suggests there is no evidence to support taking vitamin D supplements to specifically prevent or treat coronavirus. But experts think that it may have some broader health benefits during the pandemic to keep people as nutritionally fit as possible. Some researchers have suggested that vitamin D deficiency might be linked with poorer outcomes if someone catches coronavirus. But other underlying risk factors, such as heart disease, are common in these patients too, making it hard to draw conclusions. Prof Jon Rhodes, Emeritus Professor of Medicine at the University of Liverpool, says vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effects, and some research suggests it may dampen down the body's immune response to viruses. This could be relevant in very ill coronavirus patients, where severe lung damage can result from an inflammatory state in response to the virus, he says, although much more research is needed. Should I take lots of it? No. Although vitamin D supplements are very safe, taking more than the recommended amount every day can be dangerous in the long run. If you choose to take vitamin D supplements: Higher doses may sometimes be recommended by a doctor for patients with proven vitamin D deficiency. Some people with certain medical conditions, such as kidney problems, cannot safely take vitamin D. Where can I buy it? Vitamin D supplements are widely available from supermarkets and chemists. They may be just vitamin D or part of a multivitamin tablet. The ingredient listed on the label of most Vitamin D supplements is D3, the one made by your skin. Vitamin D2 is produced by plants. Vitamin drops are available for babies. What about diet? Although eating a well-balanced diet can help ensure the normal functioning of the immune system, no individual nutrient, food or supplement is going to "boost" it beyond normal levels. It's difficult to get enough vitamin D from food alone. Eating a well-balanced diet is important for good health and is advisable even outside a pandemic. It can include vitamin D-rich foods like oily fish and eggs. Some breakfast cereals, margarines and yoghurts are fortified with vitamin D. Should I sunbathe? Although you cannot overdose on vitamin D through exposure to sunlight, strong sun burns skin so you need to balance making vitamin D with being safe in the sun. Cover up or protect your skin with sunscreen to prevent burning and damage. What about children, babies and pregnant women? The advice is: The dose for adults (10 micrograms a day) applies to pregnant and breastfeeding women. A higher dose may be recommended for pregnant women with dark skin or with high-risk pregnancies. | করোনাভাইরাসের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াইয়ে ভিটামিন ডি-র কোন ভূমিকা আছে কিনা তা নিয়ে প্রশ্ন ক্রমেই বাড়ছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Holding up Poland as an example of a country ready to defend Western freedoms, he warned against the threats of "terrorism and extremism". Criticising Russia, Mr Trump urged Moscow to "join the community of responsible nations". Mr Trump is in Poland ahead of a G20 summit in Hamburg, Germany. In Warsaw, he addressed a large, cheering crowd from the monument to the 1944 Uprising in the city, on Krasinski Square. Poland's conservative government shares Mr Trump's hostile view of immigration and strong sense of sovereignty. What did Trump say exactly? "As the Polish experience reminds us, the defence of the West ultimately rests not only on means but also on the will of its people to prevail," Mr Trump said. "The fundamental question of our time is whether the West has the will to survive." He called on Russia to "cease its destabilising activities in Ukraine and elsewhere and its support for hostile regimes including Syria and Iran". Instead, he said, Russia should "join the community of responsible nations in our fight against common enemies and in defence of civilisation itself". The US leader is to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin for the first time in Hamburg. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said the Russian presidency did not accept that Russia had been destabilising the region. "This is exactly why we are waiting for the first meeting of the two presidents," he added. Giving a news conference hours before the speech, Mr Trump: American gas for Europe? Mr Trump also said talks he had attended in Warsaw of 12 nations with interests in the Baltic, the Adriatic and the Black Sea - the "Three Seas" summit - had been "incredibly successful". The Polish government is trying to become less energy-dependent on Russia, and last month the first ever US liquefied natural gas (LNG) shipment arrived. Commending American LNG, Mr Trump told the news conference: "You can never be held hostage to a single supplier." A global glut in supply, however, has depressed prices and made it difficult for LNG exporters to turn a profit, Adam Sieminski, an energy analyst with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, was quoted as saying by Reuters news agency. Warsaw and three Baltic states have spoken against the construction of an offshore Russian gas pipeline to Germany, known as Nord Stream 2. Why did Trump single out Poland? US leaders are almost always guaranteed a warm welcome in Poland, which will contrast with the protests being planned for the G20 summit in Hamburg. Mr Trump talked of "the triumph of the Polish spirit over centuries of hardship" as an inspiration "for a future in which good conquers evil, and peace achieves victory over war". Sandwiched between Germany and Russia, Poland suffered centuries of partition and occupation and emerged from the Cold War a staunch ally of America, ready to commit troops to the US-led coalitions in Iraq and Afghanistan. By choosing to speak at the monument to the Warsaw Uprising, which was a desperate action ultimately crushed by the Nazis, Mr Trump appealed to fierce national pride. Poland's current government has been at odds with some other EU states over its refusal to accept refugees under a 2015 solidarity plan. Mr Trump's visit is seen as mutually beneficial by both Mr Trump and the Polish government, the BBC's Adam Easton reports from Warsaw. However, the Polish branch of Greenpeace is using Mr Trump's visit to Warsaw to protest against his decision to pull the US out of the Paris climate agreement. The words "No Trump Yes Paris" were projected in huge green letters on the city's Palace of Culture and Science on Wednesday. Will the G20 go smoothly? Later on Thursday, the US leader will travel to Hamburg for what could be a potentially fractious summit. He has fallen out with some EU nations over climate change and trade. UK Prime Minister Theresa May will challenge him over climate change, saying an international agreement on the issue should not be renegotiated. Aid organisations are expected to hold demonstrations in Hamburg urging the heads of government to do more to tackle inequality. "It's important because you have the biggest meeting of all of the leading rulers of the main countries in the world - the G20 - and I don't like some of the politics that they're doing, especially that of [Recep Tayyip] Erdogan, of Putin and of Trump," one protester told the BBC. Security in Hamburg has been tightened, with police warning of potentially violent clashes. They have already confiscated a number of homemade weapons. Which trade deal does not involve Trump? EU leaders signed an agreement in principle with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in Brussels on Thursday for a landmark free trade deal. It is estimated that 99% of trade between Japan and the EU will be liberalised, while an accompanying strategic partnership deal will see them co-operate in other areas, from climate change to tackling terrorism. Both want to show they are committed to a world order built on open trade and international co-operation, in contrast to Mr Trump's America that is turning inward, BBC Europe correspondent Damian Grammaticas reports. EU-Japan trade talks had stalled after four years but when Mr Trump took office and scrapped his own possible Pacific trade partnership this year, it spurred them into action, and they resolved most of their differences in a matter of weeks. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প পোল্যান্ডের রাজধানী ওয়ারসতে এক ভাষণ দেবার প্রস্তুতি নিচ্ছেন যেখানে তিনি পশ্চিমা সভ্যতার ভবিষ্যত নিয়ে বক্তব্য দেবেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, it has won two general elections decisively and despite losing states, steadfastly expanded its pan-Indian footprint. The main opposition party, Congress, is adrift and enfeebled; the once-powerful regional parties appear to have exhausted much of their potential; and no credible challenger to Mr Modi is visible on the horizon. Political scientist Suhas Palshikar calls the BJP India's "second dominant party system", the first being former PM Indira Gandhi's Congress which ruled the republic for more than half a century. The BJP is the only and first party to win clear majorities since Rajiv Gandhi of Congress did so in 1984 elections. After Indira Gandhi, who was murdered in 1984, Mr Modi is the "only leader to truly claim mass appeal almost throughout the country". The BJP's electoral success is largely attributed to Mr Modi's charisma and the politics of religious polarisation and strident nationalism. Its campaign is powered by an indefatigable network of workers, many of whom are foot soldiers of its ideological fountainhead, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), or Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), a group described by a political scientist as a "clamorous and militant sibling of the RSS". In recent years, the BJP has also thrived on generous and "opaque funding"; and the unwavering support of a wide swathe of uncritical mainstream media. But step back a bit and the "secret sauce" of success of the BJP, as well as the RSS, may well be their "unbending focus on unity", argues Vinay Sitapati, a political scientist, in his new book Jugalbandi: The BJP Before Modi. (The title loosely means a duet of two solo musicians in Indian classical music, and alludes to the partnership of two of BJP's well-known founders, Atal Behari Vajpayee and LK Advani.) From a very early age, cadres belonging to the RSS, the 95-year-old bedrock of Hindu nationalism, are taught a particular version of Hindu history where "glorious Hindus lose out because they stab each other in the back and they are not united", says Prof Sitapati, who teaches political science and legal studies at Ashoka University. This is reinforced, among other things, through selective telling of history and the group's fabled physical training exercises which are "not just exercise, but exercise done together". Cadres are taught to march together, stand on top of each other in a pyramid, and play "games" that are more associated with team bonding exercises in private firms. "All this is to highlight the importance of unity. This unifying belief has become an organisational ethic. This is not like every cadre based party," Prof Sitapati told me. The BJP aims at uniting Hindus, who comprise more than 80% of Indians, and make them vote as one. That's why it downplays caste - which has traditionally divided Hindus and their political allegiances - "ups the volume on Islamophobia", and emphasises the importance of ancient Hindu texts, according to Prof Sitapati. Like other parties, the BJP has suffered from its share of discord. It has been in power for barely 12 years of the four decade-long life in electoral politics. Being out of power meant there was no patronage to dole out to its workers for a long time. Relations between the top leaders - Atal Behari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani - were often rocky. It is well documented, for example, how Vajpayee - now deceased - and a few members of his cabinet were unhappy with Mr Modi's continuation as the chief minister of Gujarat after the 2002 anti-Muslim riots in the state under the latter's watch. The riots began after 60 Hindu pilgrims died when a train carrying them was set on fire. Still the party stuck together. "They have sometimes been like an unhappy family which stays together. Their obsession with unity is based on the deep understanding of the flaws of Indian society," says Prof Sitapati. Political parties are coalitions of competing interests and factions usually held together by charismatic leaders, ideologies, organisational prowess and, in India's case, caste. Dissent and intra-party conflict are common. India's parties have been splintered by competing egos of leaders and factional feuds. Leaders have broken away from the Congress to form successful regional parties. Nothing of that sort has happened with the BJP - yet. Led first by Vajpayee and Mr Advani, and now by Mr Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah, the party, with ample support from the RSS, has held together . "I am revealing no secrets when I say that many BJP leaders dislike Mr Modi. Many BJP, RSS and VHP leaders I interviewed admired Mr Modi's fidelity to ideology and knack for winning elections. But many found him ruthless, self-aggrandising and solitary," says Prof Sitapati. It helps that the BJP, in the words of Milan Vaishnav, a political scientist, is an "unusual party". "It is the political wing of a broader constellation of Hindu nationalist organisations. It is very hard to separate the political entity from allied and nominally political entities associated with it. The networked model means that the BJP gains a lot of strength from its grassroots organisations and its dense networks help keep individuals inside the tent, so to speak," Prof Vaishnav, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, told me. It is not that dissenters have not left the BJP. "The puzzle is that they don't survive politically and return to the party. Perhaps the reason is BJP is a deeply ideological party and the ideological glue holds it together - and you will find this in the parties on the Left and Right," says Rahul Verma, a political scientist and co-author of Ideology and Identity, a book which explores the role of ideology in Indian politics. Whether the BJP will stick together forever is impossible to predict. Its take-no-prisoners style of politics means they have thrown open their doors to defectors - often tainted - from other parties. This can lead to inevitable contradictions over ideological 'purity'. "How long you can manage the contradictions?" wonders Mr Verma. For as long as the party is winning, surely. That's why elections are the cornerstone of BJP's existence. Mr Verma says BJP's social base is expanding but their leadership still remains predominantly upper caste. That's another contradiction the party might have to grapple with in the future. Critics believe BJP's unabashedly majoritarian politics is altering the "idea of India", one which was more tolerant and informed by secular values. "Their idea of India won," says Prof Sitapati, "because they worked as one." Read more stories by Soutik Biswas | কোনো সন্দেহ এখন আর নেই যে হিন্দু জাতীয়তাবাদী দল বিজেপি বর্তমানে ভারতের এক নম্বর প্রভাবশালী রাজনৈতিক দল যারা ২০১৪ সালে থেকে চ্যালেঞ্জ ছাড়াই ভারত শাসন করছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The spectacle is called the Arirang Mass Games and will run throughout September to mark the country's 70th anniversary. It features tens of thousands of performers. The event is striking but the United Nations has in the past said children are forced to take part, or to help in the build-up. All pictures subject to copyright. | উত্তর কোরিয়ায় রবিবার থেকে শুরু হয়েছে এক বিশাল প্রচারণা উৎসব যেখানে ছিল জমকালো কিছু প্রদর্শনী। বিশ্বের আর কোথাও এরকম অনুষ্ঠান দেখা যায় না। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Jane WakefieldTechnology reporter "If anything kills over 10 million people over the next few decades, it is likely to be a highly infectious virus rather than war," he told the audience. His prescient words picked up some coverage at the time, including from the BBC - but largely went unheeded. But now, the video of this talk has now been viewed more than 64 million times - with many people more interested in the reasons behind that speech than the talk itself. Some accuse of him of leading a class of global elites. Others believe he is leading efforts to depopulate the world. Still more accuse him of making vaccines mandatory, or even attempting to implant microchips into people. The face of public health "There are myriad conspiracies surrounding Bill Gates," said Rory Smith, from fact-checkers First Draft News. "He is this kind of voodoo doll that all these communities are pricking with their own conspiracies. And it is unsurprising he has become the voodoo doll - because he has always been the face of public health." Theories falsely linking Bill Gates to the coronavirus were mentioned 1.2 million times on television or social media between February and April, according to a study by The New York Times and Zignal Labs. Much of the content is posted to public Facebook groups, from where it is shared millions of times. First Draft News has also found that Chinese viral video site TikTok is becoming a new home for such conspiracies. The BBC's anti-disinformation team has been researching some of the more outlandish ones. Rich and famous So how did the founder of Microsoft, who has poured billions into global healthcare from the philanthropic foundation he runs with his wife Melinda, become the bogeyman of Covid-19 conspiracy theorists? Prof Joseph Uscinski, a political scientist at the University of Miami and author of books on conspiracy theories, believes it is simply because he is rich and famous. "Conspiracy theories are about accusing powerful people of doing terrible things," he told the BBC. "The theories are basically the same, just the names change. "Before Bill Gates, it was George Soros and the Koch brothers and the Rothchilds and the Rockefellers." And while the majority of conspiracy theories "die on the vine", the ones that endure are those that offer "big villains and address issues that people care about". "It should come as no surprise that rich people and big corporations are being accused of conspiring to put chips in our necks because that is a thing we fear," he said. "This has been the ammo of conspiracy theories for a long, long time." While he thinks such conspiracies have "no tether to the truth whatsoever", people still seem to be falling for them. More than a quarter of all Americans and 44% of Republicans believe that Bill Gates wants to use a Covid-19 vaccine to implant microchips under people's skin, according to a survey from Yahoo News and YouGov. Mr Smith thinks that there is often a "kernel of truth" which is taken "way out of context". So, for example, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation did fund a study, conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology last year, which looked at the possibility of storing a patient's vaccination history in a pattern of dye. It would be invisible to the naked eye, and could be delivered under the skin at the same time as a vaccine. It is difficult to ascertain the root of conspiracy theories - but it's thought the internet is making them spread further. "Before the internet, they were self-contained and existed only in their own echo chambers or bubbles within certain communities, but the internet allows them to travel across political lines, between communities, so I think there is much more scope to mainstream conspiracy theories than before the internet," said Mr Smith. And, he added, conspiracy theories had particularly flourished during this global pandemic because people were "psychologically vulnerable". "This crisis is unprecedented in size and scope and the advice shifts as new studies are published. There are large areas of uncertainty and humans abhor uncertainty," he said. To deal with it, individuals resort to something he calls collective sense-making. "We grab onto any information to inject some sort of sense and order and that is when the rumour mill starts. Conspiracy theories - and notably Bill Gates conspiracy theories - fill these informational vacuums." 'Have to laugh' The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has committed $300m (£240m) to combat Covid-19, has remained sanguine about the barrage of false claims. In a statement to the BBC it said: "We're concerned about the conspiracy theories being spread online and the damage they could cause to public health. "At a time like this, when the the world is facing an unprecedented health and economic crisis, it's distressing that there are people spreading misinformation when we we should all be looking for ways to collaborate and save lives. Right now, one the best things we can do to stop the spread of Covid-19 is spread the facts." In an interview with the BBC, Bill Gates expressed surprise that he had become the figurehead of such theories. "It is troubling that there is so much craziness. When we develop the vaccine we will want 80 percent of the population to take it and if they have heard it is a plot and we don't have people willing to take the vaccine that will let the disease continue to kill people." I'm kind of surprised some of it is focused on me. We are just giving money away, we write the cheque.. and yes we do think about let's protect children against disease but it is nothing to do with chips and that type of stuff. You almost have to laugh sometimes." | ২০১৫ সালে ভ্যাংকুভারে টেড (টেকনোলজি, এন্টারটেইনমেন্ট, ডিজাইন) কনফারেন্সে হাজির হলেন বিল গেটস। তার হাবভাব দেখে বোঝার উপায় নেই, তিনিই বিল গেটস। সম্মেলন থেকে তিনি এক চরম হুঁশিয়ারি দিলেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Joan TaylorKing's College London Jesus is so familiar that he can be recognised on pancakes or pieces of toast. But did he really look like this? Probably not. In fact this familiar image of Jesus actually comes from the Byzantine era, from the 4th Century onwards, and Byzantine representations of Jesus were symbolic - they were all about meaning, not historical accuracy. They were based on the image of an enthroned emperor, as we see in the altar mosaic of the Santa Pudenziana church in Rome. Jesus is dressed in a gold toga. He is the heavenly ruler of all the world, familiar from the famous statue of long-haired and bearded Olympian Zeus on a throne - a statue so well-known that the Roman Emperor Augustus had a copy of himself made in the same style (without the godly long hair and beard). Byzantine artists, looking to show Christ's heavenly rule as cosmic King, invented him as a younger version of Zeus. What has happened over time is that this visualisation of heavenly Christ - today sometimes remade along hippie lines - has become our standard model of the early Jesus. So what did Jesus really look like? Let's go from head to toe. 1. Hair and beard When early Christians were not showing Christ as heavenly ruler, they showed Jesus as an actual man like any other: beardless and short-haired. But perhaps, as a kind of wandering sage, Jesus would have had a beard, for the simple reason that he did not go to barbers. General scruffiness and a beard were thought to differentiate a philosopher (who was thinking of higher things) from everyone else. The Stoic philosopher Epictetus considered it "appropriate according to Nature". Otherwise, in the 1st Century Graeco-Roman world, being clean-shaven and short-haired was considered absolutely essential. A great mane of luxuriant hair and a beard was a godly feature, not replicated in male fashion. Even a philosopher kept his hair fairly short. A beard was not distinctive of being a Jew in antiquity. In fact, one of the problems for oppressors of Jews at different times was identifying them when they looked like everyone else (a point made in the book of Maccabees). However, images of Jewish men on Judaea Capta coins, issued by Rome after the capture of Jerusalem in 70AD, indicate captive men who are bearded. So Jesus, as a philosopher with the "natural" look, might well have had a short beard, like the men depicted on Judaea Capta coinage, but his hair was probably not very long. If he had had even slightly long hair, we would expect some reaction. Jewish men who had unkempt beards and were slightly long-haired were immediately identifiable as men who had taken a Nazirite vow. This meant they would dedicate themselves to God for a period of time, not drink wine or cut their hair - and at the end of this period they would shave their heads in a special ceremony in the temple in Jerusalem (as described in Acts chapter 21, verse 24). But Jesus did not keep a Nazirite vow, because he is often found drinking wine - his critics accuse him of drinking far, far too much of it (Matthew chapter 11, verse 19). If he had had long hair, and looked like a Nazirite, we would expect some comment on the discrepancy between how he appeared and what he was doing - the problem would be that he was drinking wine at all. 2. Clothing At the time of Jesus, wealthy men donned long robes for special occasions, to show off their high status in public. In one of Jesus's teachings, he says, "Beware of the scribes, who desire to walk in long robes (stolai), and to have salutations in the marketplaces, and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honour at banquets" (Mark chapter 12, verses 38-39). The sayings of Jesus are generally considered the more accurate parts of the Gospels, so from this we can assume that Jesus really did not wear such robes. Overall a man in Jesus's world would wear a knee-length tunic, a chiton, and a woman an ankle-length one, and if you swapped these around it was a statement. Thus, in the 2nd Century Acts of Paul and Thecla, when Thecla, a woman, dons a short (male) tunic it is a bit of a shock. These tunics would often have coloured bands running from the shoulder to the hem and could be woven as one piece. On top of the tunic you would wear a mantle, a himation, and we know that Jesus wore one of these because this is what a woman touched when she wanted to be healed by him (see, for example, Mark chapter 5, verse 27). A mantle was a large piece of woollen material, though it was not very thick and for warmth you would want to wear two. A himation, which could be worn in various ways, like a wrap, would hang down past the knees and could completely cover the short tunic. (Certain ascetic philosophers even wore a large himation without the tunic, leaving their upper right torso bare, but that is another story.) Power and prestige were indicated by the quality, size and colour of these mantles. Purple and certain types of blue indicated grandeur and esteem. These were royal colours because the dyes used to make them were very rare and expensive. But colours could also indicate something else. The historian Josephus describes the Zealots (a Jewish group who wanted to push the Romans out of Judaea) as a bunch of murderous transvestites who donned "dyed mantles" - chlanidia - indicating that they were women's wear. This suggests that real men, unless they were of the highest status, should wear undyed clothing. Jesus did not wear white, however. This was distinctive, requiring bleaching or chalking, and in Judaea it was associated with a group called the Essenes - who followed a strict interpretation of Jewish law. The difference between Jesus's clothing and bright, white clothing, is described in Mark chapter 9, when three apostles accompany Jesus to a mountain to pray and he begins to radiate light. Mark recounts that Jesus's himatia (in the plural the word may mean "clothing" or "clothes" rather than specifically "mantles") began "glistening, intensely white, as no fuller on earth could bleach them". Before his transfiguration, therefore, Jesus is presented by Mark as an ordinary man, wearing ordinary clothes, in this case undyed wool, the material you would send to a fuller. We are told more about Jesus's clothing during his execution, when the Roman soldiers divide his himatia (in this case the word probably refers to two mantles) into four shares (see John chapter 19, verse 23). One of these was probably a tallith, or Jewish prayer shawl. This mantle with tassels (tzitzith) is specifically referred to by Jesus in Matthew chapter 23, verse 5. This was a lightweight himation, traditionally made of undyed creamy-coloured woollen material, and it probably had some kind of an indigo stripe or threading. 3. Feet On his feet, Jesus would have worn sandals. Everyone wore sandals. In the desert caves close to the Dead Sea and Masada, sandals from the time of Jesus have come to light, so we can see exactly what they were like. They were very simple, with the soles made of thick pieces of leather sewn together, and the upper parts made of straps of leather going through the toes. 4. Features And what about Jesus's facial features? They were Jewish. That Jesus was a Jew (or Judaean) is certain in that it is found repeated in diverse literature, including in the letters of Paul. And, as the Letter to the Hebrews states: "It is clear that our Lord was descended from Judah." So how do we imagine a Jew at this time, a man "about 30 years of age when he began," according to Luke chapter 3? In 2001 forensic anthropologist Richard Neave created a model of a Galilean man for a BBC documentary, Son of God, working on the basis of an actual skull found in the region. He did not claim it was Jesus's face. It was simply meant to prompt people to consider Jesus as being a man of his time and place, since we are never told he looked distinctive. For all that may be done with modelling on ancient bones, I think the closest correspondence to what Jesus really looked like is found in the depiction of Moses on the walls of the 3rd Century synagogue of Dura-Europos, since it shows how a Jewish sage was imagined in the Graeco-Roman world. Moses is imagined in undyed clothing, and in fact his one mantle is a tallith, since in the Dura image of Moses parting the Red Sea one can see tassels (tzitzith) at the corners. At any rate, this image is far more correct as a basis for imagining the historical Jesus than the adaptations of the Byzantine Jesus that have become standard: he's short-haired and with a slight beard, and he's wearing a short tunic, with short sleeves, and a himation. Joan Taylor is professor of Christian Origins and Second Temple Judaism at King's College London and the author of The Essenes, the Scrolls and the Dead Sea. Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox. | সবাই জানেন যীশু দেখতে কেমন ছিলেন। পশ্চিমা চিত্রকলায় সবচেয়ে বেশি আঁকা হয়েছে তার ছবি। ফলে সবারই পরিচিত তার চেহারা - লম্বা চুল, দাড়ি, লম্বা হাতাওয়ালা আলখাল্লা (সাধারণত: সাদা), আর একটি চাদর বা শাল (সাধারণত: নীল)। |