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এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Daniel ThomasBusiness reporter, BBC News US President Donald Trump has said repeatedly that China will pay these taxes, even though his economic advisor, Larry Kudlow, on Sunday admitted that US firms pay the tariffs on any goods brought in from China. So is Mr Trump wrong when he says the trade war is good for the US, and generating billions of dollars for the US Treasury? And who will lose most as the conflict escalates? Who really pays the US tariffs? US importers, not Chinese firms, pay the tariffs in the form of taxes to the US government, confirms Christophe Bondy, a lawyer at Cooley LLP. Mr Bondy, who was senior counsel to the Canadian government during the Canada-EU free trade agreement negotiations, says it is likely that these additional costs are then simply passed on to US consumers in the form of higher prices. "They [the tariffs] have a strongly disruptive effect on supply chains," he said. What has the impact been on China? China remains America's top trading partner, with exports rising 7% last year. However, trade flows to the US slipped 9% in the first quarter of 2019, suggesting the trade war is starting to bite. Despite this, Dr Meredith Crowley, a trade expert at the University of Cambridge, says there is no evidence that Chinese firms have cut their prices in a bid to keep US firms buying. "Some exporters of highly substitutable goods have just dropped out of the market as US firms have started importing from elsewhere. Their margins are too thin and tariffs are clearly hurting them. "I suspect those selling highly differentiated goods have not reduced their prices, possibly because US importers rely on them too much." What has the impact on the US been? According to two academic studies published in March, American businesses and consumers paid almost the entire cost of US trade tariffs imposed on imports from China and elsewhere last year. Economists from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Princeton University and Columbia University calculated that duties imposed on a wide range of imports, from steel to washing machines, cost US firms and consumers $3bn (£2.3bn) a month in additional tax costs. It also identified a further $1.4bn in losses linked to depressed demand. The second paper, penned by among others, Pinelopi Goldberg, the World Bank's chief economist, also found that consumers and US companies were paying most of the costs of the tariffs. According to its analysis, after taking into account the retaliation by other countries, the biggest victims of Trump's trade wars were farmers and blue-collar workers in areas that supported Trump in the 2016 election. Can't US firms just buy their goods from other countries? Mr Trump has said US firms that import from China should look elsewhere - perhaps to Vietnam - or better still buy their goods from American manufacturers. But Mr Bondy says it is not so simple. "It takes a long time for productivity and value chains to be reoriented and that all comes at a cost. "Take the steel tariffs the US imposed last year - it is not like all of a sudden there are hundreds of new factories being built in the US." China is also a manufacturing powerhouse, dwarfing its nearest rivals, which makes it hard to replace it in global supply chains. Have trade tariffs ever worked? There is little evidence to suggest they have, say both Dr Crowley and Mr Bondy. In 2009, President Obama placed a steep tariff of 35% on Chinese tyres, citing a surge in imports that was costing US jobs. However, research from the Peterson Institute for International Economics in 2012 found the cost to American consumers from higher tyre prices was around $1.1bn in 2011. Although about 1,200 manufacturing jobs were saved, it said, the additional money US consumers spent reduced their spending on other retail goods, "indirectly lowering employment in the retail industry". "Adding further to the loss column, China retaliated by imposing antidumping duties on US exports of chicken parts, costing that industry around $1bn in sales," it said. The one example usually given to defend tariffs is US President Ronald Reagan's decision to impose steep duties on Japanese motorcycles in 1983. The move is credited as saving struggling US bike-maker Harley Davidson from a surge of foreign competition. But some have argued it was the company's own efforts - including modernising its factories and building better engines - that really drove its turnaround. Will the US tariffs force China to strike a deal? Dr Crowley says the duties may draw China back to the negotiating table, but she does not expect them to offer radical compromises. "Yes they are having more of a growth slowdown, and they export more to the US than vice versa, so they will suffer more from a trade war. "But they are not really interested in changing their laws, and even if they did, do they really have the legal culture to enforce it?" Mr Bondy thinks Mr Trump's tariffs threats are more about whipping up his voter base and making headlines. "Tariffs are easier to understand than the painstaking work of negotiating common sets of rules on things like the behaviour of state-owned entities, protection of intellectual property, fair access to markets and baseline protections for workers and the environment." | মার্কিন পণ্যের উপর চীন পাল্টা শুল্ক আরোপ করার মধ্যে দিয়ে এই দুই পরাশক্তির মধ্যে বাণিজ্য যুদ্ধ পুরোদমে শুরু হলো। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Peter MwaiBBC Reality Check The highlight was a single day in July, on which people across the country turned out to help with planting 350 million tree seedlings. At the end of August, the government claimed to have just about achieved these goals. But is it really possible to plant that many trees in such a short time and what evidence is there that the overall target has been met? The campaign, known as the Green Legacy Initiative, has been championed by the country's Nobel peace prize-winning Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmed. Politicians around the world have pointed to Ethiopia as an example of what can be done to reforest their own countries and reverse the effects of both damaging farming techniques and climate change. During the recent UK election campaign, major political parties made expansive promises to plant millions more trees, and referred to Ethiopia's initiative. The Labour party pledged to plant two billion trees by 2040, the Conservatives at least 30 million more trees every year, and the Green Party 700 million by 2030. Canada has plans to plant two billion trees over 10 years. Record breaking attempt Ethiopia held a one-day tree planting event on 29 July, with an initial target to plant 200 million tree saplings across the country. The government announced that the target had been exceeded, with more than 350 million planted over a 12-hour period. They gave a very precise number - 353,633,660 trees planted that day. The government had promoted the day as an attempt at an official Guinness World Record (GWR). But GWR told the BBC they are yet to receive any evidence. "We would encourage the organisers to get in touch with this for our records management team to review," said spokeswoman Jessica Spillane. The prime minister's office declined to comment on the figures and the status of the record verification, saying the country has already answered most questions around the tree planting. For more on what we were able to find out about this planting day, see our Reality Check article here. Is it possible to plant four billion trees? If you look at the three-month project to plant four billion trees, that's at least 45 million planted each day. If you take into account the bumper planting day on which 350 million were claimed to have been planted, then that's just over 40 million every other day over the period. The Ethiopian government's plan has been to plant the trees on 6.5 million hectares of rural land. Assuming an average tree density of around 1,500 per hectare, that's certainly enough land to plant four billion trees. But that doesn't tell us anything about what was actually planted. The only planting figures we have are provided by the Ethiopian government itself. According to these, just over 3.5 billion trees were planted in three months from June to August. A further 1.3 billion seedlings were grown, but not planted. How do you count so many trees? We can't count them all ourselves, but we did send one of our reporters to a newly-planted area to take some photographs of saplings, struggling in the arid conditions of the Tigray region in the north of country. We contacted a satellite imaging company that works with high-resolution images, who told us that the newly planted saplings would be difficult to identify, their small crowns and narrow trunks largely indistinguishable from scrub or other cultivated land. Tim Christophersen, a forestry expert at the UN, told us he had been encouraged by Ethiopia's commitment to reforestation, but could not give a verdict on its tree planting challenge. "Ethiopia has asked the international community for support with planting, but more importantly with the maintenance and nurturing of the trees," he told the BBC, adding that the country has pledged to restore 15 million hectares of degraded forests and landscapes by 2030, as part of a global effort to tackle deforestation. It seems clear that whilst Ethiopia's ambition to plant billions of trees has been praised by environmentalists, there has been no significant work done on evaluating exactly how many trees have been planted this year. Part of the problem may be to do with the way the tree planting has been remunerated. In July, the EU and the Ethiopian government signed a 36m euros ($40m; £31m) financing agreement to help the country grow greener. Local organisations all across Ethiopia have been provided with funds to plant a set number of trees, and it is not too surprising to learn that they have been reporting a high planting rate to local officials who have then collated the figures at the national level. Environmental challenges ahead Whatever the actual numbers, there's no doubt there has been a major effort on the part of the Ethiopian government to tackle very serious deforestation problems. Half a century ago, Ethiopia had around 40% forest cover. Today that figure is 15%. If the recent tree planting programme is to tackle this problem, the seedlings will have to be watered on a regular basis. It will take a great deal of precious water in a country that already has a significant shortfall, but it could also create an environment better suited to retaining water. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter | মাত্র তিন মাসের মধ্যে চারশো কোটি গাছ লাগানোর উচ্চাভিলাষী লক্ষ্য নিয়ে ইথিওপিয়া চলতি বছর জাতীয় বন পুনরুদ্ধার কর্মসূচি গ্রহণ করে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The farmers in Madhya Pradesh state say that along with a season of uneven rainfall, the parrots are having a serious impact on their yields. They say that attempts to scare the birds away with loudspeakers have made little difference and local authorities have not helped. The parrots could cause them to suffer huge losses, the farmers warn. Asian News International (ANI) tweeted a video of birds flying away with an entire poppy flower. The farmers supply the drug to medicinal companies and have a licence to grow the plant. One grower, Nandkishore, told NDTV he had tried making loud sounds and even used firecrackers to scare off the birds. He explained that one poppy flower produces 20-25 grams of opium, but "a large group of parrots feeds on these plants around 30-40 times a day and some even fly away with poppy pods". "Nobody is listening to our problems. Who will compensate for our losses?" he said. Dr RS Chundawat, an opium specialist at a Horticulture College in Mandsaur, told The Daily Mail that opium gives the birds instant energy - similar to the effect of tea or coffee for a human. He said that once the birds had experienced this feeling, they would quickly fall prey to the addiction. | ভারতের আফিম চাষীরা অভিযোগ করেছেন যে 'মাদকাসক্ত' টিয়া পাখি তাদের ফসলের ব্যাপক ক্ষতি করছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Referencing China's recent successful robotic mission to the far side, he said: "We're in a space race today, just as we were in the 1960s." Nasa had already been planning to return to the Moon, but Mr Pence's announcement accelerates the timeline. He was speaking at a meeting of the National Space Council in Huntsville, Alabama. "It is the stated policy of this administration and the United States of America to return American astronauts to the Moon within the next five years," Mr Pence told the audience. "Just as the United States was the first nation to reach the Moon in the 20th Century, so too, we will be the first nation to return astronauts to the Moon in the 21st Century. Nasa will target the lunar south pole, a challenging region with areas that are in permanent darkness. But the pole also holds reserves of water-ice, which Nasa wants to turn into fuel for spacecraft. "It's time for the next giant leap," Mr Pence said, alluding to the words spoken by the first Moonwalker Neil Armstrong in 1969. He added: "That next giant leap is to return American astronauts to the Moon within the next five years by any means necessary, and to establish a permanent presence on the Moon and prepare to put American astronauts on Mars." "In order to accomplish this, Nasa must transform itself into a leaner, more accountable and more agile organisation." The US space agency's administrator Jim Bridenstine said in a Twitter post: "Challenge accepted. Now let's get to work." Nasa had previously aimed to return astronauts to the lunar surface by the year 2028, after first putting a space station, called Gateway, in orbit around the Moon by 2024. Few commentators doubt that the timeline will be extremely challenging. Crucial to the lunar plans will be a heavy-lift rocket that can loft the massive hardware required for a lunar journey and landing. Nasa has been building its own launcher, called the Space Launch System (SLS). But the project has been hit by delays and cost overruns. Mr Bridenstine had been considering moving forward with a less powerful commercial rocket, perhaps a vehicle built by SpaceX or the Boeing-Lockheed Martin partnership United Launch Alliance, to get an uncrewed capsule into space by 2020. But after Tuesday's announcement, Nasa's administrator said he was sure Nasa could achieve a successful SLS flight by next year. The Orion capsule, built by Lockheed Martin, will be the main spacecraft for transferring astronauts to lunar orbit. But work has not yet started on building a lunar lander. Pence threatened to use commercial launch systems or to look to other partners if Nasa is not ready in time. "To be clear, we're not committed to anyone's contract. If our current contractors can't meet this objective, then we will find ones that will," Mr Pence said. | আমেরিকার ভাইস প্রেসিডেন্ট মাইক পেন্স বলেছেন, তিনি চান মার্কিন মহাকাশ গবেষণা প্রতিষ্ঠান নাসা আগামী পাঁচ বছরের মধ্যে আবারও চাঁদে নভোচারী পাঠাবে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Sara Iftekhar, from Huddersfield, went up against 49 other hopefuls at Kelham Hall in Newark, Nottinghamshire. The 20-year-old often shares Instagram pictures of herself in traditional Pakistani dress. After winning Miss Huddersfield 2018 Ms Iftekhar said it was "amazing" to make the final, but she was beaten by Alisha Cowie who was named Miss England 2018. Ms Iftekhar, who has had a passion for make-up from a young age, said: "I did not expect to be making history. I do feel proud. "At the end of the day, I may be the first woman to wear a hijab [at the Miss England final]. However, I am just a regular girl and we all have a fair opportunity in this contest." Also working as a make-up artist, she added she decided to take part in Miss England for "a bit of fun". "If I want to cover myself up and dress modestly why should that be an issue? I am just like the other contestants. "If I am sending out that message it will motivate other people to participate in a beauty contest." 'Everyone is beautiful' On a fundraising page she set up for children's charity Beauty with a Purpose, Ms Iftekhar wrote: "I participated in Miss 2018 in order to show that beauty doesn't have a definition. Everyone is beautiful in their own ways, regardless of their weight, race, colour or shape." On her Instagram, she said she would be "forever grateful" for the opportunities being a Miss England finalist had given her. Other Miss England 2018 contestants include Sophie Hall - who was left with permanent scars following an acid attack in East London - and mental health campaigner Sarah-Jane Hulyer. Winner Ms Cowie will now represent England at the Miss World competition in Sanya, China, in December. Miss World, which is broadcast to more then 120 countries and is in its 68th year, has regularly attracted criticism for being a "degrading" contest. Protests have taken place at the event in previous years, such as in 2011 when about 100 demonstrators turned up to object to what they saw as a "human cattle market". In 1970, when the contest was held at London's Royal Albert Hall, feminist activists stormed the stage. But organisers say the pageants "empower" women. In 2015, the swimwear round was cut from Miss World as organisers felt it was "old-fashioned and unnecessary", and said the focus of the competition had shifted focus from physical beauty. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. | একজন মুসলিম নারী যিনি আইন বিষয়ে পড়াশোনা করছেন তিনি মিস ইংল্যান্ড প্রতিযোগিতার ফাইনালে হিজাব পরবেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | From the UK, across to Scandinavia and Japan, the hot weather is expected to continue for the rest of the month. Japan has just declared a natural disaster, with high temperatures leading to thousands being admitted to hospital with heat stroke. Various temperature records for July were broken in southern California, eastern Canada, Algeria and Norway. In Oman, the coolest overnight temperature was recorded at 42.6 C - which may well have been the highest low ever. Sweden has been hit by forest fires spreading as far north as the Arctic Circle. In Greece, at least 60 people have died in wildfires in the region around Athens. Reality Check has looked at the global picture - which countries have been hotter than normal? Many countries have experienced above average temperatures in the month of July so far. The map shows the countries where temperatures are higher or lower compared with what you'd expect for this period of time. Blue colours indicate cooler temperatures than the 1981-2010 regional average, and red shows where's its been hotter. The countries where it has been much warmer than average: UK, Scandinavia (in particular Norway and Sweden), eastern Canada, parts of eastern Siberia, Japan and the region around the Caspian Sea. It's been colder than average in: Parts of southern Europe including Spain and Portugal, parts of northern Siberia in Russia and and the southernmost part of South America. Based on the data used to populate the map, collected by the Copernicus Climate Change Service, the hottest July on record in Europe was 2010. Then it was two degrees above the average. July 2018 is likely to rank among the hottest for Europe, but is unlikely to be number one. What about June? Globally the month was the fifth hottest June since 1880, according to the US National Centers for Environmental Information. The hottest June was 2016 where the global temperature was 0.91C above the average. It was the 42nd consecutive June and the 402nd consecutive month with temperatures above average, according to their data. In the UK, this June was provisionally the third warmest since 1910 and the average maximum temperatures were between 2 and 3 °C above average in most areas, according to the UK Met Office. What's behind these high temperatures? There's never one single factor that explains hot weather around the world. The BBC's science editor David Shukman says: "What is striking now is that multiple heatwaves are happening at the same time." "The key is the jet stream. This year it's been meandering in great loops and the UK has ended up to the south of it. Add to that sea temperatures similar to previous heatwaves and climate change, the warming of the atmosphere - it all makes heatwaves more likely. "Climate scientists are not saying we will get heatwaves every year. But they do say the risks of extreme heat are going up." Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter | এবারের গ্রীষ্মে পৃথিবীর বিভিন্ন দেশে মাত্রাতিরিক্ত উষ্ণ তাপমাত্রা অনুভূত হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By John SudworthBBC News, Beijing The government denies that it is attempting to alter the demographics of its far-western region and says the job transfers are designed to raise incomes and alleviate chronic rural unemployment and poverty. But our evidence suggests that - alongside the re-education camps built across Xinjiang in recent years - the policy involves a high risk of coercion and is similarly designed to assimilate minorities by changing their lifestyles and thinking. The study, which was meant for the eyes of senior officials but accidentally placed online, forms part of a BBC investigation based on propaganda reports, interviews, and visits to factories across China. And we ask questions about the possible connections between transferred Uighur labour and two major western brands, as international concern mounts over the extent to which it is already ingrained in global supply chains. In a village in southern Xinjiang, hay is being gathered in the fields and families are placing fruit and flatbreads on their supas, the low platforms around which Uighur family life has traditionally revolved. But the warm wind blowing across the Taklamakan desert is bringing with it worry and change. The video report, broadcast by China's Communist Party-run news channel, shows a group of officials in the centre of the village, sitting under a red banner advertising jobs in Anhui Province, 4,000km away. After two full days, the reporter's narration says, not a single person from the village has come forward to sign up, and so the officials begin moving from house to house. What follows is some of the most compelling footage of China's massive campaign to transfer Uighurs, Kazakhs and other minorities in Xinjiang into factory and manual labouring jobs, often considerable distances from their homes. Although it was broadcast in 2017, around the time the policy began to be intensified, the video has not featured in international news reporting until now. The officials speak to one father who is clearly reluctant to send his daughter, Buzaynap, so far away. "There must be someone else who'd like to go," he tries to plead. "We can make our living here, let us live a life like this." They speak directly to 19-year old Buzaynap, telling her that, if she stays she will be married soon and never able to leave. "Have a think, will you go?" they ask. Under the intense scrutiny of the government officials and state-TV journalists she shakes her head and replies, "I won't go." Still, the pressure continues until eventually, weeping, she concedes. "I'll go if others go," she says. The film ends with tearful goodbyes between mothers and daughters as Buzaynap and other similarly "mobilised" recruits leave their family and culture behind. Professor Laura Murphy is an expert in human rights and contemporary slavery at the UK's Sheffield Hallam University who lived in Xinjiang between 2004 and 2005 and has visited since. "This video is remarkable," she told the BBC. "The Chinese government continually says that people are volunteering to engage in these programmes, but this absolutely reveals that this is a system of coercion that people are not allowed to resist." "The other thing it shows is this ulterior motive," she said, "that although the narrative is one of lifting people out of poverty, there's a drive to entirely change people's lives, to separate families, disperse the population, change their language, their culture, their family structures, which is more likely to increase poverty than to decrease it." A marked shift in China's approach to its governance of Xinjiang can be traced back to two brutal attacks on pedestrians and commuters - in Beijing in 2013 and the city of Kunming in 2014 - which it blamed on Uighur Islamists and separatists. At the heart of its response - in both the camps and the work transfer schemes - has been a drive to replace "old" Uighur loyalties to culture and the Islamic faith with a "modern" materialist identity and an enforced allegiance to the Communist Party. This overarching goal of assimilating Uighurs into China's majority Han culture is made clear by an in-depth Chinese study of Xinjiang's job-transfer scheme, circulated to senior Chinese officials and seen by the BBC. Based on field work conducted in Xinjiang's Hotan Prefecture in May 2018, the report was inadvertently made publicly available online in December 2019 and then subsequently taken down a few months later. Written by a group of academics from Nankai University in the Chinese city of Tianjin, it concludes that the mass labour transfers are "an important method to influence, meld and assimilate Uighur minorities" and bring about a "transformation of their thinking." Uprooting them and relocating them elsewhere in the region or in other Chinese provinces, it says, "reduces Uighur population density." The report was discovered online by an overseas-based Uighur who passed it to Dr Adrian Zenz, a senior fellow at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation in Washington. Before the university realized its error, Dr Zenz saved the report (in Chinese) on a web-archive site and has now written his own analysis of it, which includes an English translation of the full document. "This is an unprecedented, authoritative source written by leading academics and former government officials with high-level access to Xinjiang itself," Dr Zenz told the BBC. "The excess surplus population that somehow has to be dealt with, and labour transfers as a means to reduce the concentration of those workers in their own heartlands is, in my opinion, the most stunning admission of this report." His analysis includes a legal opinion from Erin Farrell Rosenberg, a former senior advisor to the US Holocaust Memorial Museum, that the Nankai Report provides "credible grounds" for the crimes against humanity of forcible transfer and persecution. In a written statement, the Chinese foreign ministry said, "The report reflects only the author's personal view and much of its contents are not in line with the facts." "We hope that journalists will use the authoritative information released by the Chinese government as the basis for reporting on Xinjiang." The Nankai report authors write glowingly of an effort to combat poverty underwritten by a "guarantee of voluntariness" in the work placements, and with the factories allowing the workers to "leave and return freely." But those claims are somewhat at odds with the level of detail they provide about the way the policy works in practice. There are "targets" to be reached, with Hotan Prefecture alone - at the time the study was undertaken - having already exported 250,000 workers, one fifth of its total working age population. There is pressure to meet the targets, with recruiting stations set up "in every village" and officials tasked to "mobilize collectively" and "visit households," just as in 19-year-old Buzaynap's case. And there are signs of control at every stage, with all recruits put through "political thought education," then transported to the factories in groups - sometimes as many as hundreds at a time - and "led and accompanied by political cadres in order to implement security and management." Farmers unwilling to leave their lands or herds behind are encouraged to transfer them to a centralized government scheme that manages them in their absence. And once they arrive in their new factory jobs, workers themselves are put under the "centralized management" of officials who "eat and live" with them. But the report also notes that the profound discrimination at the heart of the system is getting in the way of its effective functioning, with local police forces in eastern China so alarmed by the arrival of trainloads of Uighurs, that they are sometimes turned back. In places, it even warns that China's policies in Xinjiang may have been too extreme, for example, stating that the number of people placed in the re-education camps "far exceeds" those with suspected connections to extremism. "The entire Uighur population should not be assumed to be rioters," it says. The Huafu Textile Company is located on the edge of a grey industrial estate in the city of Huaibei, in China's eastern province of Anhui. It was to this factory that Buzaynap, featured in the state-TV report, was sent. When the BBC visited, the separate, five-story Uighur dormitory showed few signs of habitation apart from a pair of shoes placed by an open window. At the gate, the security guard said that the Uighur workers "have gone back home," adding that it was because of the country's Covid controls, and in a statement Huafu told us that, "the company does not currently employ Xinjiang workers." The BBC was able to find pillowcases made with Huafu yarn on sale on Amazon's UK website, although it is not possible to confirm if the product is linked to the particular factory we visited, or one of the company's other facilities. Amazon told the BBC that it does not tolerate the use of forced labour and that where it finds products that do not meet its supply chain standards, it removes them from sale. The BBC worked with a group of international journalists based in China, visiting a total of six factories between us. At the Dongguan Luzhou Shoes factory in Guangdong Province, one worker said the Uighur employees used separate dormitories and their own canteen, and another local told reporters that the company makes shoes for Skechers. The factory has previously been linked to the US company, with unverified social media videos purportedly showing Uighur workers making Skechers product lines, and references to a relationship in online Chinese business directories. In a statement, Skechers said it had "zero tolerance for forced labour," but did not answer questions about whether it used Dongguan Luzhou as a supplier. Dongguan Luzhou did not respond to a request for comment. Interviews recorded at the scene suggest the Uighur workers were free to leave the factory during their leisure time, but at other factories visited for the research, the evidence was more mixed. In at least two cases, reporters were told of some restrictions, and at one facility in the city of Wuhan a Han Chinese employee told the BBC that his 200 or so Uighur colleagues were not allowed out at all. Three months after Buzaynap was shown leaving her village to begin her political education training, the Chinese state-TV crew meet her again, this time in the Huafu Textile Company in Anhui. The theme of assimilation is, once again, central to the news report. In one scene, Buzaynap is close to tears as she is scolded for her mistakes, but eventually, a transformation is said to be taking place. "The timid girl who didn't speak and kept her head down," we are told, "is gaining authority at work." "Lifestyles are changing and thoughts are changing." Producer: Kathy Long | শিনজিয়াং প্রদেশের হাজার হাজার উইঘুর এবং আরো নানা জাতিগত সংখ্যালঘুদের তাদের বাড়ি থেকে অনেক দূরে কাজের জন্য পাঠিয়ে দিচ্ছে চীনা কর্তৃপক্ষ - আর তাদের আদি আবাসভূমিতে এর ফলে তাদের সংখ্যা কমে যাচ্ছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | It is believed the person being detained will face charges related to national security. Flight PS752 was brought down after it took off from Tehran on Wednesday last week, killing all 176 people on board. Iran has said it was shot down by accident and announced the arrest of several people over the incident. President Hassan Rouhani said his country's investigation would be overseen by a "special court". "This will not be a regular and usual case. The whole world will be watching this court," he said in a speech. Mr Rouhani also stressed that the "tragic event" should not be blamed on one individual. "It's not only the person who pulled the trigger, but also others who are responsible," he said. Iran initially denied that the aircraft was hit by a missile, but later conceded that the passenger jet was hit by its air defence systems. When the video was shared on social media, it led analysts to say it showed the plane was hit by a missile. Who has been arrested? Iranian media reported that Iran's elite Revolutionary Guards had taken a person who posted a video last week of the missile striking the plane into custody. But an Iranian journalist based in London who initially posted the footage has insisted that his source is safe, and that the Iranian authorities have arrested the wrong person. Earlier on Tuesday, Iranian judiciary spokesman Gholamhossein Esmaili said that several people had been detained over the downing of the plane. He added that about 30 people had been arrested for "taking part in illegal gatherings" - an apparent reference to recent anti-government protests. Separately the New York Times said security camera footage showed two missiles were fired at the plane, more than 20 seconds apart. The paper said this would explain why the plane's transponder seemed to have stopped working before the missile strike - it had been disabled by the first missile. What are other countries saying? UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson told the BBC on Tuesday that he was "glad" Iran had acknowledged making a "terrible mistake" in shooting down the plane. "It's good that they've apologised. The most important thing now is that tensions in the region calm down," he added. Mr Johnson said the next step for Iran was to "repatriate in a dignified way" the bodies of the passengers and crew of flight PS752, who included three Britons. Ukraine's Foreign Minister Vadym Prystaiko said on Monday that five of the countries that had citizens on board the airliner - Canada, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Sweden and an unnamed country - would meet in London on Thursday to discuss possible legal action. He said the "grieving nations" would work out what steps to take individually and collectively to "bring the perpetrators to justice and how we can repay those families who have suffered". Canada, which lost 57 citizens, will meanwhile play a more active role than international rules require in the investigation into the shooting down of the airliner, according to Kathy Fox, the head of its Transportation Safety Board (TSB). | ইরান বলেছে, ইউক্রেনের যাত্রীবাহী বিমানটি ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের আঘাতে বিধ্বস্ত হওয়ার ভিডিও যে ব্যক্তি ধারণ করেছে তাকে গ্রেফতার করা হয়েছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Five others were wounded in the Halloween night attack. A man in his mid-20s was arrested shortly before 01:00 (06:00 GMT) on Sunday. Police said an initial probe found the suspect was not affiliated with any extremist groups. The attack took place in the historic Old Quebec neighbourhood. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said on Twitter: "My heart breaks for the loved ones of the two killed in last night's horrific attack in Quebec City. "I'm also wishing a full recovery to the injured. We're keeping you in our thoughts and will be there for all of you." He also thanked first responders for their critical work. The identity of the suspect has not been made public. At a news conference on Sunday, Quebec City Police Chief Robert Pigeon said it was believed that the attack was premeditated, adding that the suspect, from the Montreal suburbs, came to Quebec City with "the intention of doing the most damage possible". "Dressed in medieval costume and armed with a Japanese sword, everything leads us to believe he chose his victims at random," Mr Pigeon added. The suspect had spoken of conducting an attack "in a medical context" five years ago but was not known to police and did not have a criminal record, police said. First reports of the incident near the French-speaking city's national assembly came through shortly before 22:30 local time on Saturday. The suspect was arrested near the Espace 400e business park. Quebec's Le Soleil newspaper reported that he was lying on the ground, barefoot and hypothermic, when he was arrested. He surrendered to police without any resistance, it said. Following his arrest, the suspect was taken to hospital for "evaluation". The five wounded are also being treated in hospital, with varying levels of injury, according to police. Police have not released details of the victims' identities or ages. Reporters at the scene have tweeted photos of a police command post outside Quebec's Parliament Building. At a news conference on Sunday, Quebec City police spokesman Étienne Doyon offered "sincerest condolences to the loved ones and families of the people who died". Are you in Quebec? How have you been affected by the incident? If you have any information to share, and only if it is safe for you to do so, please email [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also get in touch in the following ways: If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question or comment or you can email us at [email protected]. Please include your name, age and location with any submission. | কানাডার কিবেক শহরে তরবারি দিয়ে কুপিয়ে দুজন মানুষকে খুন করেছে এক ব্যক্তি। তার পরনে ছিলো মধ্যযুগীয় কায়দার পোশাক। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The move may encourage wealthy donor countries to provide more cash. But the WHO stopped short of saying borders should be closed, saying the risk of the disease spreading outside the region was not high. The outbreak in DR Congo has killed more than 1,600 people. This week, the first case was detected in Goma, home to more than a million. The PHEIC emergency provision is the highest level of alarm the WHO can sound and has only been used four times previously. This includes the Ebola epidemic that devastated parts of West Africa from 2014 to 2016, and killed more than 11,000 people. "It is time for the world to take notice," WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told a news conference in Geneva on Wednesday at which the emergency was declared. He said he accepted recommendations there should be no restrictions on travel or trade, and no entry screening of passengers at ports or airports outside the immediate region. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies welcomed the move. "While it does not change the reality on the ground for victims or partners engaged in the response, we hope it will bring the international attention that this crisis deserves," it said in a statement. How bad is the situation in DR Congo? The outbreak, the second largest in history, started in August 2018 and is affecting two provinces in DR Congo - North Kivu and Ituri. More than 2,500 people have been infected and two-thirds of them have died. It took 224 days for the number of cases to reach 1,000, but just a further 71 days to reach 2,000. About 12 new cases are being reported every day. Isn't there a vaccine? Yes. It is 99% effective and more than 161,000 people have been given it. However, everybody is not vaccinated - only those who come into direct contact with an Ebola patient, and people who come into contact with them. The vaccine was developed during the epidemic in West Africa and has been available throughout the latest outbreak. Why hasn't the outbreak been brought under control? Tackling the disease has been complicated by conflict in the region. Since January, there have been 198 attacks against healthcare workers or Ebola treatment facilities leading to seven deaths and 58 injuries. Another major problem has been distrust of healthcare workers leading to about a third of deaths being in the community rather than at a specialist Ebola treatment centre. It means those people are not seeking treatment and risk spreading the disease to neighbours and relatives. There has also been difficulty tracking the spread of the virus. A significant number of cases are coming as a surprise as those affected have not come into contact with known Ebola cases. "We are one year into the outbreak and the situation is not getting any better," said Trish Newport, from the charity MSF. "It's a complex environment with a long history of violence, of conflict, so there's a lot of mistrust of foreigners from outside the area. "We have to build ties and connections with the community so they trust us." Could the disease spread further? The WHO says the risk to neighbouring countries is "very high". Uganda has already had some isolated cases including two people - a five-year-old boy and his 50-year-old grandmother - who died from the disease. Rwanda is also at risk. This week a priest died from Ebola in the city of Goma, which is home to more than a million people. The city is a major transport hub and sits on the DR Congo-Rwanda border. The WHO said cases there were a "game-changer", however, there have been no reported cases of the disease spreading in Goma. Is the world doing enough to help? The WHO has been clear for months that it has insufficient money to tackle the problem. It had estimated that it needed $98m to tackle the outbreak between February and July. Yet it faced a shortfall of $54m. What is Ebola? Do you have any questions? Use this form to ask your question: If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question. | আফ্রিকার ডেমোক্র্যাটিক রিপাবলিক অফ কঙ্গোতে প্রাণঘাতী অসুখ ইবোলার প্রাদুর্ভাবকে একটি 'বৈশ্বিক জরুরি অবস্থা' হিসেবে ঘোষণা দিয়েছে বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | The report published by medical journal The Lancet said every participant developed antibodies to fight the virus and had no serious side effects. Russia licensed the vaccine for local use in August, the first country to do so and before data had been published. Experts say the trials were too small to prove effectiveness and safety. But Moscow has hailed the results as an answer to critics. Some Western experts have raised concerns about the speed of Russia's work, suggesting that researchers might be cutting corners. Last month, President Vladimir Putin said the vaccine had passed all the required checks and that one of his own daughters had been given it. What does the report say? Two trials of the vaccine, named Sputnik-V, were conducted between June and July, The Lancet paper said. Each involved 38 healthy volunteers who were given a dose of the vaccine and then a booster vaccine three weeks later. The participants - aged between 18 and 60 - were monitored for 42 days and all of them developed antibodies within three weeks. Among the most common side effects were headaches and joint pain. The trials were open label and not randomised, meaning there was no placebo and the volunteers were aware they were receiving the vaccine. "Large, long-term trials including a placebo comparison, and further monitoring are needed to establish the long-term safety and effectiveness of the vaccine for preventing Covid-19 infection," the report said. A third phase of trials will involve 40,000 volunteers from "different age and risk groups," according to the paper. The Russian vaccine uses adapted strains of the adenovirus, a virus that usually causes the common cold, to trigger an immune response. Still a long way to go By Philippa Roxby, BBC health reporter "Encouraging" and "so far so good" are some of the reactions from scientists in the UK - but there is still, clearly, a long way to go. Although the vaccine showed an antibody response in all participants in phase 2, this does not necessarily mean it would protect them from the virus. That still has not been established yet. From these results, we can tell that the vaccine appeared to be safe in healthy people between the age of 18 and 60 for 42 days, because that was how long the study lasted. But what about older people and those with underlying health conditions who are most at risk of Covid-19 - how safe is it for them and over a longer period of time? This can only be answered after much larger, long-term randomised trials where the people taking part do not know if they are receiving the vaccine or a dummy injection. These will also tell scientists how effective the vaccine really is among a much wider population. There have also been calls for openness and transparency. Of the many vaccines currently being trialled around the world, some will work better than others in certain situations and in certain groups of people, perhaps. So knowing exactly how well they work and for whom is paramount - it is unlikely that one vaccine will be suitable for everyone. What has the reaction been? Kirill Dmitriev, head of a Russian investment fund behind the vaccine, said during a news conference that the report was "a powerful response to the sceptics who unreasonably criticised the Russian vaccine". He said that 3,000 people had already been recruited for the next phase of trials. Russian Health Minister Mikhail Murashko said the country would start vaccinations from November or December, with a focus on high-risk groups. But experts warned that there was still a long way to go until a vaccine could enter the market. Brendan Wen, Professor of Microbial Pathogenesis at London's School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told Reuters news agency: "The report is a case of 'so far, so good'". According to the World Health Organization, there are 176 potential vaccines currently being developed worldwide. Of those, 34 are currently being tested on people. Among those, eight are at stage three, the most advanced. | রাশিয়ার করোনাভাইরাস টিকার পরীক্ষা শুরুর পর প্রথম প্রকাশিত প্রতিবেদনে বিজ্ঞানীরা বলছেন, প্রাথমিকভাবে টিকায় ভাইরাস প্রতিরোধের সক্ষমতা তৈরির লক্ষণ দেখা যাচ্ছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Lamia EstatieBBC News The Iran Sport for All Federation penned a letter to Iran's Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports to ban activities, including Zumba, for contravening "Islamic ideology". The federation has the country's highest membership status in the Association for International Sport for All (Tafisa) that is based in Frankfurt. Founded in 1992, the Iran Sport For All Federation is a licensed regulatory authority for a range of sports and operates provincial branches and offices in state organisations. A Tafisa official told the BBC that the association does not have a say in political decisions made by the Iran federation. It added that decisions on Tafisa membership are taken by its board of directors. Many Iranian social media users criticised the proposed ban, using the Persian-language hashtag #Zumba. Iran Sport for All President Ali Majdara's letter, posted on the Iran's sports ministry website on 7 June, said the aim was to "develop athletics for everyone in the framework of supreme Islamic ideology and the Islamic Republic of Iran's sport structure". "Please issue a regulation to ban some activities, such as Zumba, which include rhythmic motions and dance and are unlawful in any shape and title," the letter continued. One Twitter user joked: "The Oscar for the most Daeshi [so-called Islamic State group] news of the day goes to this..." "Have Colombia not summoned the Iranian ambassador yet?" another added - the Latin dance is said to have originated in Colombia. You might also like: "We have been teaching Zumba for 12-13 years and if they ban it, we will continue our class under a different name. Zumba is one of the most profitable activities and the [sports] clubs cannot ignore it," a gym manager in Tehran told the reformist newspaper Aftab-e Yazd. "How many pillars does Islam have? One is at risk for the non-observance of hijab, another one over women watching sport matches in stadiums, the third for holding music concerts, the next for epilation and, the most recent one, for Zumba," one Twitter user commented. Iranian women have been banned from men's football matches for a number of years. In 2016, an Iranian woman disguised herself as a man to sneak into a football match in Tehran. In late March 2017, Iranians on Twitter criticised the ban when images online showed Chinese women attending a World Cup qualifier in Tehran. At the same time on the other side of the world, thousands in Mexico City set a record for the world's largest Zumba dance fitness class. Additional reporting by BBC Monitoring's Armen Shahbazian | ইরানের একটি স্থানীয় ক্রীড়া ফেডারেশন সে দেশের বিভিন্ন স্থানে ছড়িয়ে পড়া 'জুম্বা' নাচের ক্লাস বন্ধ করে দেবার দাবি জানানোর পর অনলাইনে এর ব্যাপক সমালোচনা হচ্ছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Voters across Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, from parts of large cities to small rural communities, will mark their cross on the ballot papers. Transport issues could be a priority for voters as talks continue over how to tackle travel problems in Leeds. The performance of hospitals in Lincolnshire or concerns over the environment and housebuilding in North Yorkshire could also be key. There may be questions about the rules around tax credits in Hull or problems with knife crime in South Yorkshire. We want to know what questions you have about the local issues that matter to you in this election. Here are some we've already answered: Use the form below to send us your questions and we could be in touch. In some cases your question will be published, displaying your name and location as you provide it, unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. Please ensure you have read the terms and conditions. Your contact info I am over 16 years old I accept the Terms of Service The BBC retains the right to select from these contributions based on editorial requirements and subject to online terms and conditions and BBC editorial guidelines. For more information about how the BBC handles your personal data, see here. If you are reading this page on the BBC News app, you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question on this topic. | আগামী ১২ই ডিসেম্বর ব্রিটেনে সাধারণ নির্বাচন। পুরো দেশ জুড়েই এখন নির্বাচনী হাওয়া, সারা ব্রিটেন জুড়ে চলছে প্রচারাভিযান, আর নির্বাচন নিয়ে আলোচনা-বিতর্কে সরগরম সংবাদ মাধ্যম আর সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Nick ThorpeBBC Eastern Europe correspondent Together, they began the revolution in 1989 which overthrew the communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceausescu. Today, Timisoara welcomes, or at least tolerates, its new arrivals: thousands of Afghans, Pakistanis, Kurds and Syrians on their way to Western Europe. Some fall in love with the kindness they encounter and end up staying in Timisoara. But most place their lives in the hands of smugglers to reach the West. In October last year, 18 people set out on that journey. It cost the lives of both the smuggler and the young mother of twin girls, and left scars on many of the others. A fatal journey The group set out with a local smuggler guide on 1 October 2017, hoping to cross the border into Hungary on their way to Germany or Italy. Some of them knew each other from Kurdistan. Others met in Timisoara or in the dark, whispering woods and followed each other over the border. For two nights they walked, resting during the day in fields of tall maize. "It was so cold," Aidi told me. "The women and children suffered the most," said Safaa. On the third night, just before 02:00, a Tunisian smuggler in a black minivan with Italian plates picked them up. He hurried them inside and set off for the border. "I think the Hungarian police were already watching us," Murat told me. "They came after us so quickly." When the smuggler saw flashing blue lights in his mirror he shouted at his passengers to get down - and he put his foot on the accelerator. The van smashed into a police roadblock, then hurtled down a motorway embankment. Baran, the mother of nine-year-old twins Hashem and Pasha, died on the spot. The driver died later that day. Journey to recovery Hospitals in Szeged and Oroshaza treated the 17 survivors. Hali was in the worst condition. She had a cracked skull, broken ribs, broken arms and legs, and cracked pelvic bones. When I first met her three months after the crash she could sit up in bed, but hardly speak. Her son Safaa, 21, spent all day at her bedside. His father in Iraq and one of his brothers in Germany paid for all the medical expenses, as well as Safaa's cheap accommodation near the hospital. By now the bill was already $10,000 (£7,700), and the family's funds had dried up. Safaa, like all the survivors, praised the excellent medical care given to them. Although the Hungarian government has passed laws criminalising migrants and those who give them aid, the doctors have treated them like victims. Read more stories on migrants in Europe: Aidi, 20, praised Dr Zoltan, the surgeon who fixed her broken legs when she feared she would never walk again. And a local Baptist pastor, Noemi Nikodem, befriended her in the hospital and became like a sister to her. Hungarian police were less friendly. They were a constant presence in the wards, pressuring doctors to sign papers as soon as the patients were deemed fit enough to face deportation back to Romania. All were sent back to Timisoara except for the orphaned children: Hashem and Pasha, the nine year-old twins; Horia, a 12-year-old girl travelling alone; Hali because she was too badly injured and Hali's children Safaa and Sonia. It was not the end of the journey for the rest. Still barely able to walk, Akhir stowed away in a lorry in late November. He reached Germany after a 37-hour journey and has applied for asylum. Murat, Khose and 10-year-old Aiman reached Hanover in May. But that was after spending two months in detention in the Czech Republic, when their hiding place in another lorry was discovered. Aidi hid under a blanket in a car that crossed the Romanian border into Hungary at night. In Timisoara, the rumour is that the smuggler gets $2,000 and the border guards $1,000 for each illicit passenger - something Hungarian police deny. "The Hungarian police pay special attention to the prevention and detection of corruption, and act swiftly against any officer who breaks the law," the police told the BBC. Aidi, now in a temporary home in the German town of Regensburg, told me: "I was so afraid that the police would find me. Or that the car would have an accident again." But she sailed through unscathed, and has now been reunited with her parents and granted asylum. Samir made it to Italy in the back of a truck in April. The twins, Hashem and Pasha, were adopted by relatives in Germany. Horia was taken in by an aunt in Vienna, and could finally leave the children's home where they were placed near Budapest in March. Thanks to the mediation of the UN refugee agency UNHCR, Safaa and Hali have been placed in Hungary's last open refugee camp while German authorities consider their request for family reunification. All the others, contacted by the BBC, confirmed that they had reached Germany. One, Omar, was deported from Germany back to Romania after his asylum request failed. Nine months after the fatal crash, 14 of the 17 survivors have made it to their chosen destinations in Western Europe, though still scarred by the accident. Despite the chorus of politicians pronouncing the Balkan migrant route closed, it is still open - but just a crack. | রোমানিয়ার পশ্চিমাঞ্চলীয় একটি শহর তিমিসোরা। রোমানিয়ান, হাঙ্গেরিয়ান এবং জার্মানরা এই শহরে বসবাস করছে শতাব্দীর পর শতাব্দী কাল ধরে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Lucy WilliamsonBBC Paris correspondent The Council (CFCM), which represents nine separate Muslim associations, has reportedly been asked to include in the text recognition of France's republican values, rejection of Islam as a political movement and a ban on foreign influence. "We do not all agree on what this charter of values is, and what it will contain," said Chems-Eddine Hafiz, vice-president of the CFCM and Rector of the Paris Grand Mosque. But, he said, "we are at a historic turning point for Islam in France [and] we Muslims are facing our responsibilities". Eight years ago, he said, he thought very differently. The Islamist Mohamed Merah had just carried out attacks in Toulouse. "[Former French] President Sarkozy got me out of bed at 5am to talk about it," he remembers. "I told him: 'His name may be Mohamed, but he's a criminal!' I didn't want to make the connection between that crime and my religion. Today, I do. The imams of France have work to do." The plan is for the CFCM to create a register of imams in France, each of whom would sign up to the Charter, in return for accreditation. President Macron spoke in October about putting "immense pressure" on Muslim authorities. But this is difficult territory in a country that cherishes state secularism. Mr Macron is trying to stop the spread of political Islam, without being seen as interfering in religious practice, or singling out one particular faith. Integrating all groups of Muslims into French society has become a pressing political issue in recent years. France has an estimated five million Muslims - Europe's largest Muslim minority. Olivier Roy, an expert in French Islam, says the Charter raises two problems. One is discrimination because it targets only Muslim preachers, and the other is the right to freedom of religion. "You are obliged to accept the laws of the state," he told me, "but you are not required to celebrate its values. You cannot discriminate against LGBT, for example, but the Catholic Church is not obliged to accept same-sex marriage." Fashion designer Iman Mestaoui receives regular abuse from those she calls the "haters" - hardline Islamists who say her brand of scarves and turbans does not always cover a woman's hair enough. But, she says, the idea of getting imams to sign up to "French values" is a problem, when Muslims are already seen by many as not fully French. "It's putting us in a strange place where you have to show people that you subscribe to the republican values; where you feel French, but they don't feel you are," she explained. "We feel like nothing we do - pay taxes, do [national service] - will be enough. You have to prove that you're really French: you have to eat pork; drink wine; not wear hijab, wear miniskirts. And it's ridiculous." 'Extremist time-bombs' But Hassen Chalghoumi, imam of the Drancy mosque on the outskirts of Paris, says that after years of terrorist attacks, the government has been forced to act. Mr Chalghoumi is now in hiding, following a spike in death threats over his reformist views. "We have to go the extra mile, to show that we are well-integrated, that we respect the law," he told me. "This is the price we have to pay because of the extremists." Outside the Paris Grand Mosque, Charki Dennai arrives for prayers, his rolled-up mat and Koran tucked under his arm. "These young [extremist] people are time bombs," he says. "I think the imams are a bit too nice to them. We can respect French law and also Islam, it's feasible. That's what I do." But there are questions over how much influence imams have among younger Muslims, especially when it comes to extremist violence. "It won't work," says Olivier Roy, "for a very simple reason: the terrorists don't come from Salafi mosques. If you take the biographies of terrorists, none of them is a product of Salafi preaching." Salafism is a hardline, ultra-conservative movement identified with political Islam. Tackling alienated youth The charter is one part of a wider government strategy to curb foreign influence, prevent violence and threats from extremists, and win back young people who feel forgotten by the state. Mr Macron has proposed more Arabic-language teaching in state schools and more investment in run-down areas, and has emphasised that he is targeting Islamists who reject France's laws and values, not Muslims as a whole. Hakim El-Karoui is a specialist in French Islamist movements at the Institut Montaigne who regularly contributes to government thinking. "I'm a real fan of the strategy," he told me. "It's comprehensive. It's cultural, and also about organisation and funding." But, he says, Muslims themselves should be included by the government in projects like this, "because they can do a lot in terms of spreading the enlightened version of Islam on social networks - the government is not able to". And without the buy-in of "grassroots Muslims", says Olivier Roy, the new Charter will be hard to enforce. "Let's suppose that the local Muslim community decides to ignore the CFCM and appoints its own imam," he told me. "What will the government do? Either we change the constitution and give up the concept of freedom of religion [or] the government cannot impose certified imams on local Muslim communities." In a Paris studio, shooting pictures for her new catalogue, Iman Mestaoui tells me she made her whole family vote for President Macron in 2017. Since then, she has noticed a "huge shift" to the right on issues like immigration and security. "I was pro-Macron," she said. "He was a real hope in our community, but we feel like we've been abandoned." | ফ্রান্স সেদেশে ইমামদের ''প্রজাতন্ত্রের মূল্যবোধের সনদ''' নামে নতুন এক সনদে স্বাক্ষর করার যে সময়সীমা বেঁধে দিয়েছে তার বয়ান নিয়ে কথা বলতে ফ্রান্সের মুসলিম কাউন্সিলের প্রতিনিধিদের এ সপ্তাহে প্রেসিডেন্ট এমানুয়েল ম্যাক্রঁর সাথে বৈঠকে বসার কথা। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Jonathan BlakeNewsbeat politics editor When the billionaire businessman won the election back in November, even some of his supporters were surprised. He went from outsider to victory in a matter of months and pulled off a political miracle. In the days before the US presidential election, Newsbeat took a road trip around Texas. Watch the Radio 1 iPlayer documentary: In Trump We Trust. "Why Texas?" people asked, when we explained our plan to cover the US presidential election from the "lone star" state. There were a few reasons, but in many ways it's like a mini version of America. Multicultural cities which lean towards the Democratic party and big rural areas where people are more conservative and Donald Trump's Republican party finds more support. Also, if Trump won, it would be a great place to find his hardcore fans celebrating a political miracle. The last reason was a long shot, but it turned out to be the most important one. A long shot, because we along with the rest of the mainstream media (to use Trump's phrase) dismissed the chances of him winning as slim - at best. By every available measure (namely the opinion polls) it was apparently clear Donald Trump wasn't getting enough support to win the keys to the White House and a Hillary Clinton victory was the most likely outcome. But as we now know, the polls were misleading. Watch: Trump v Clinton: How do you decide? And yet as we drove around Texas, stopping in six cities, covering 2,615 miles (4,208km) - there was no shortage of support for Trump. "If this was America as a whole," I thought to myself more than one. "Donald Trump would win." But I also thought: "It's not, and he won't." We met Americans who are suspicious of government intervention in their lives and want to protect the right to life of unborn children. Those included people who believed their country's standing in the world has been undermined by President Obama's foreign policy. We heard the frustration of Americans who have watched the decline of their country's manufacturing industries and see no alternative to provide future generations with jobs. And Americans who, above all, couldn't trust Hillary Clinton to lead their country - for them her years of experience in elected office were a negative factor, not a positive one. They preferred an outsider not tainted by a record in government, someone who could "shake things up" and "get things done". As one lady told me at the Trump supporters' party in Dallas on election night. "I want conservative supreme court justices, strong borders and I don't like late term abortions." At a college football game in Lubbock, a man explained why he carried a pistol in his pocket when he goes to buy groceries, because he feels safer that way. He showed me a map on his phone depicting red states from west to east, projecting a Trump landslide win. But as the election came closer, Hillary Clinton's lead in the polls grew slightly. On the night before America voted, there was a feeling among young Republicans making last-minute calls that it wasn't going to be Donald Trump's year. They said he could win, of course, but they were managing expectations. Then on election night the chair of the group texted me to encourage me to get to the watch party early, Donald Trump was going to cause an upset. "Hold your horses," I thought. "We'll see." But as we know now - he did. As the results came in the room was buzzing. Suddenly people were smiling, hopeful, exchanging looks that seemed to say: "Is this really going to happen?" Not until the media called a Trump victory at 12.40am did they allow themselves to celebrate. And that was it, the biggest political upset of a generation had happened against all odds. Looking back, the signs were there. But of course, the point of an upset is that you don't see it coming. By its very nature, it's a surprise. Even for many of Trump's supporters, it's taken a while for his win to sink in. And it'll take some getting used to - not least for Donald Trump himself. But the 45th president of the United States has proved that what might seem unthinkable can quickly become a reality. Find us on Instagram at BBCNewsbeat and follow us on Snapchat, search for bbc_newsbeat | এই সপ্তাহেই প্রেসিডেন্ট হিসেবে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ক্ষমতায় আসছেন ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Jonathan MarcusDiplomatic correspondent@Diplo1on Twitter A predictable war of words has followed the dramatic attack on Saudi Arabia's most important oil installations. The strikes have shown the remarkable vulnerability of oil facilities of central importance to the global economy. The Saudis - whose air campaign in Yemen is backed by the Americans and whose warplanes are only kept in the sky by a variety of western contractors - have been conducting a long-running air campaign against the Houthi rebels. But their opponents have now demonstrated the ability to deliver a strategic riposte of their own. The whole episode has inevitably revived the debate about the extent to which Iran is providing technology and assistance to the Houthis. Given the already highly charged atmosphere in the Gulf, it has served to ratchet up regional tensions. But equally it has also revealed some of the failings in the Trump administration's declared policy of exerting "maximum pressure" against Tehran. Amidst the claims and counter-claims, there is still a good deal that we do not know. The Houthis have used both drones and missiles to hit Saudi targets before. But the drone attacks have generally had only limited success. Both the range over which this most recent operation was conducted and the accuracy and scale of the strikes make this a different order of magnitude altogether. So was it really armed drones (UAVs) that conducted these attacks, or was it some kind of missile strike? And if the latter, why were Saudi air defences not alerted? Were the attacks launched from Houthi-controlled territory or from somewhere else? Might pro-Iranian groups in Iraq have been involved or maybe the Iranians themselves? The US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo was quick to point the finger of blame at Tehran, but he did so seemingly before any clear intelligence was available; certainly he did not offer any of it up for immediate public scrutiny. Several hours later, US sources indicate that there were some 17 points of impact from the attack, all suggesting that they came from the north or north-west - that is to say, more likely from Iran or Iraq, rather than from Yemen to the south. The US is promising more details in due course and some of the drones or missiles that failed to reach their targets are now being analysed. Iran has well-developed ties with the Houthis and there is little doubt it has been the key player in enabling them to develop their long-range strike capability, whether through armed UAVs or missiles. In 2018, a report from a UN expert panel pointed to the remarkable similarity between the Houthi Qasef-1 UAV and the Iranian Ababil-T. In a wide-ranging study, it asserted that Iran had broken the arms embargo against Yemen and supplied the Houthis with a variety of weapons systems. Much the same conclusion was reached by a March 2017 study from the independent Conflict Armament Research organisation, which focused on Iranian UAV assistance. However, the Qasef-1/Ababil-T only has a range of about 100-150km. The distance from the Yemeni border to the closest target - the Khurais oil field - is about 770km. So if these recent attacks were carried out by a UAV it would have to have been of an altogether different design, with hugely increased range and a significantly greater level of reliability. Iran and thus possibly the Houthis do indeed have longer-range systems, but so far there has been little evidence of their deployment in the Yemen conflict. Some kind of cruise missile might also be a possibility, perhaps fired from either Iraq or Iran, but clarity on these questions will require access to reliable intelligence information. In some ways, though, the precise details don't matter. The diplomatic damage has already been done. The US and the Saudis are implacable enemies of Iran. The Trump administration has already made its mind up, blaming Tehran for the mining of ships in the Gulf. Iran has openly seized a British-flagged tanker, albeit after the arrest of a ship carrying Iranian oil off Gibraltar. So as far as team Trump is concerned, the Iranians' fingerprints are all over the Houthis' escalating strategic campaign against Saudi Arabia's oil infrastructure. The question now is what are they going to do about it, or perhaps what can they do about it? And the answer may be: not very much. The US is already firmly in the Saudi corner, despite the growing unpopularity of the Yemen war on Capitol Hill, where there is a growing sense that the Saudi air campaign is pointless, serving only to turn an already impoverished country into a humanitarian disaster zone. But there is a curious aspect revealed by these infrastructure attacks. For all the Trump administration's support for the Saudis and for all its stress on "maximum pressure", in reality, Washington is sending very mixed signals to Tehran. Mr Trump, after all seems, willing to countenance a face-to-face meeting with the Iranians on the margins of the upcoming UN General Assembly and he has just fired his National Security Adviser, John Bolton, the man most associated with the idea of regime change in Tehran. Iran, along with its Houthi allies, is conducting a classic war of the weak against the strong; a "hybrid conflict" as it is known in the strategic textbooks. It is borrowing many of the tactics from the Russian play-book - the use of deniability; proxies; cyber-operations and information warfare. Tehran knows that Mr Trump, for all his bluster and unpredictability, wants to get the US out of military entanglements and not into new ones. That gives the Iranians the ability to apply some "maximum pressure" of their own. The danger remains that miscalculation could lead to an all-out conflict, which nobody really wants. | হুথি বিদ্রোহীরা দাবি করছে এই হামলা তারা চালিয়েছে। যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের দাবি এর পেছনে আছে ইরান। আর ইরান এর সঙ্গে তাদের কোন সম্পর্কের কথা জোর গলায় অস্বীকার করছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Asma Aziz, from Lahore, made headlines when she published a shocking video on social media showing her shaven head and bruised face. Her husband, Mian Faisal, and a servant are both in police custody. Mr Faisal has denied torture. However, the case has prompted calls for more to be done to protect women from domestic violence. In a tweet, Amnesty International said "systemic change" was necessary. In her video posted on 26 March, an emotional Ms Aziz alleged that two days earlier she was tortured after refusing to dance in front of her husband's friends who were at their house in Lahore's upmarket Defence Housing Authority (DHA) district. "He took my clothes off in front of his servants. The servants held me as he shaved my hair off and burned it. My clothes were bloody. I was bound by a pipe and hung from the fan. He threatened to hang me naked," she said. She said she went to the police to file a complaint but they procrastinated - the police deny the allegation, saying that immediately after Ms Aziz's visit to the police station a team was dispatched to her residence but it was found locked and the DHA management prevented them from entering the premises. Police acted only after the video came to the notice of Deputy Minister for Interior, Sheheryar Afridi, who ordered officers to register a complaint. Mr Faisal and the servant, Rashid Ali, were arrested the following day. A preliminary medical report found multiple bruises, swelling and redness on Ms Aziz's arms, cheeks and around her left eye. Ms Aziz's lawyers later pleaded that the case be tried under the stricter anti-terrorism law instead of the usual criminal procedure. In papers filed to the Lahore police on Wednesday, the lawyers argued that the case had caused "wider restlessness and anxiety in society". Mr Faisal told the police last week that his wife had started cutting her hair under the influence of drugs, and that he, having also taken drugs, only helped her finish the job. More from Pakistan The case caused a furore on social media, with many voicing their anger at domestic violence in Pakistan. Pakistani actress and singer Sanam Saeed was among those who spoke out in defence of Ms Aziz. Women's rights in socially conservative Pakistan has been a contentious topic of debate for years. The UN's Gender Inequality Index in 2016 puts Pakistan 147th in a list of 188 countries based on its poor record on women's health, education, political empowerment and economic status. Violence against women and girls remains a serious issue. Activists say official statistics do not reveal the extent of the problem - many cases go unreported. Women's Day marches last month brought complaints from some conservative groups. Some of the protest organisers said they received death and rape threats on social media. Reporting by BBC Urdu's Shahzad Malik in Lahore | স্বামী এবং তার বন্ধুদের সামনে নাচতে অস্বীকৃতি জানানোয় পাকিস্তানের এক নারীকে শারীরিক নির্যাতন এবং মাথা ন্যাড়া করার অভিযোগ উঠেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The female tigers, both aged about 18 months, escaped the Sinka Zoo after a landslide caused by days of torrential rain damaged their enclosure. On Saturday, one of the animals was captured after it was hit with a tranquiliser dart. But the other tiger was shot dead after it behaved aggressively and attempts to tranquilise it failed. The 47-year-old zookeeper was found dead close to the tigers' enclosure after the animals escaped late on Friday. He had bite wounds and scratches on his body, the AFP news agency reports. A number of dead animals, including an ostrich and a monkey, had earlier been found near the enclosure. The escape triggered a large-scale hunt in the town of Singkawang, West Kalimantan. Nearby tourist attractions were ordered to close by police and people were told to stay at home. And while officials hoped to catch both animals alive - they said they were forced to shoot one of the tigers. "We tried with a tranquilliser gun first but it didn't work, so we were forced to shoot the tiger because it was already behaving very aggressively," Sadtata Noor Adirahmanta, the head of a local conservation agency, told AFP. "We were afraid it would escape to the nearest neighbourhood," he added. "Although we tried our best to catch it alive, our priority is humans' safety." You might also be interested in: A cage filled with animal prey was prepared in an attempt to lure the remaining tiger back to the zoo at feeding time. Drones were also used to try to locate the tiger in the dense forest surrounding the zoo. "We had a hard time finding them," the local police chief told CNN Indonesia. But officials managed to capture it alive after shooting it with a tranquiliser dart. The animal is now being monitored at the zoo by medical experts. Sumatran tigers are critically endangered, with fewer than 400 believed to be left in the wild. | ইন্দোনেশিয়ার বোর্নিও দ্বীপের একটি চিড়িয়াখানা থেকে বিপন্ন প্রজাতির দুটি সুমাত্রা বাঘিনী পালিয়ে গেছে। এদের হামলায় চিড়িয়াখানার এক কর্মী নিহত হয়েছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Rajini VaidyanathanBBC News, Mizoram "I was given orders to shoot at protesters. I told them I can't." For nine years Naing - whose name we have changed for his safety - served as a policeman in Myanmar, also known as Burma. Now, the 27-year-old is in hiding in the north-east Indian state of Mizoram. I met him, and a group of policemen and women in their twenties, who say they ran away from their jobs back home, after refusing to carry out orders. "I was afraid that I would be forced to kill or harm innocent people who are protesting against the military," one officer said. "We feel that it was wrong for the military to overthrow an elected government." Ever since the Myanmar military, known as the Tatmadaw, seized power on 1 February, thousands of pro-democracy protesters have taken to the streets. Security forces have been accused of killing more than 50 people. Naing, who is a low-ranking officer from a town in the west of the country, says protests in his area began to escalate at the end of February. He says he ran, after refusing twice to fire at demonstrators. "I told my boss I couldn't do that, and that I was going to side with the people. "The military is edgy. They are becoming more and more brutal." As we speak, Naing pulls out his phone to show me photos of the family he left behind - a wife, and two daughters aged just five and six months. "I am worried that it may not be possible to meet them again," he told me. I met him and the rest of the group in an undisclosed location, overlooking the hills and valleys of the mountainous state of Mizoram, their home country of Myanmar less than 10 miles (16km) away from where we were chatting. The officers we spoke to are among the first defectors to share eyewitness accounts of what they say is happening inside the country. They say they're part of a growing number of officials who are joining the pro-democracy, civil disobedience movement (CDM) in the country. The BBC was unable to independently verify any of the claims made by the police who spoke to us. The UN, the US and a host of other countries have condemned the killing of civilians in the crackdown against anti-coup protesters in Myanmar, and called on the authorities to exercise restraint. The military has dismissed criticism of its actions and said it is ready to withstand sanctions and isolation after it seized power. According to local officials, more than 100 people have escaped from Myanmar to Mizoram since the military coup. Htut - not his real name - recalls the night the military junta overthrew the government, after the internet was shut down and an army post was erected close to his station. "A few hours later we learned the military had staged a coup." Htut, who is 22, says he and other police were paired with members of the military as they patrolled the streets. Protesters who were peacefully banging utensils in support of the pro-democracy movement were threatened with arrest. Htut, who is from a large city in Myanmar, says he too was asked to fire at protesters, a demand he refused. "The military officer in charge ordered us to shoot people coming out in groups of more than five. I know that people were beaten up. I had sleepless nights. "When I saw innocent people bleeding, my conscience wouldn't permit me to take part in such evil acts." Htut says he was the only one from his police station to flee, making the journey by motorbike. He says he was terrified as he passed from village to village to reach the border with India. Those we spoke to crossed into India over the Tiau river, which we visited. The 250-mile stretch of river forms part of the boundary between India and Myanmar. Groups we've spoken to say they expect more police to make this journey to India in the coming days. Grace, whose name we have changed, is one of two female police officers we met who has defected. She said she saw the military use sticks and rubber bullets to round up protesters, and on one occasion tear gas being fired into a group which included children. "They wanted us to disperse the crowds, and arrest our friends, but we couldn't do it," she said. "We love the police, but now the system has changed, we can't continue our job." The 24-year-old says she also wrestled with leaving her family back home, in particular her mother who has a serious heart condition. "My parents are old, and they're also afraid. But we young people have no choice but to flee and leave them behind." Authorities in Myanmar have asked India to return any defectors, to "uphold friendly relations". Mizoram Chief Minister Zoramthanga said those who have arrived should be given temporary shelter, while the national government decides what to do next. Local groups have told us they expect many more defectors to make the journey to India in the coming days. It's just not police officers who have fled. We met a shopkeeper who escaped to Mizoram, after authorities in Myanmar issued him with a warrant for rallying supporters online to join the pro-democracy movement. "I'm not running away selfishly," he said, explaining why he risked it all to leave. "Everyone inside the country is worried. "I'm here for safety, and will continue to do what I can to support the movement, from this side." Myanmar in profile Additional reporting: Aakriti Thapar, Sanjay Ganguly, HC Vanlalruata Follow Rajini on Twitter - @BBCRajiniV | সীমান্ত পার হয়ে ভারতে পালিয়ে যাওয়া মিয়ানমারের পুলিশ অফিসাররা বিবিসিকে বলেছেন গত মাসের অভ্যুত্থানে ক্ষমতা গ্রহণ করা সেনাবাহিনীর সদস্যদের নির্দেশ মানতে অস্বীকার করার পর তারা দেশ ছেড়ে পালিয়ে গেছেন। মিয়ানমারের ভেতর কী ঘটছে তা নিয়ে এই প্রথমবার দেয়া এই সাক্ষাৎকারে বারো জনের বেশি পুলিশ অফিসার বলেছেন তাদের নিরাপরাধ বেসামরিক মানুষকে হত্যা করতে বা তাদের ক্ষতি করতে বাধ্য করা হবে এই আশংকায় তারা পালিয়ে গেছেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The most prominent critic of Russian President Vladimir Putin was airlifted to Berlin for treatment after falling ill during a flight in Russia's Siberia region last month. He has been in a coma since. The name Novichok last made news in 2018, when Russian ex-spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia were attacked in the city of Salisbury in the UK. Russia has denied any role in Mr Navalny's predicament - or the Skripals' poisoning. So what do we know about this group of military-grade nerve agents? They were developed in the Soviet Union The name Novichok means "newcomer" in Russian, and applies to a group of advanced nerve agents developed by the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s. They were known as fourth-generation chemical weapons and were developed under a Soviet programme codenamed Foliant. Novichok's existence was revealed by chemist Dr Vil Mirzayanov in the 1990s, via Russian media. He later defected to the US, where he published the chemical formula in his book, State Secrets. In 1999, defence officials from the US travelled to Uzbekistan to help dismantle and decontaminate one of the former Soviet Union's largest chemical weapons testing facilities. According to Dr Mirzayanov, the Soviets used the plant to produce and test small batches of Novichok. These nerve agents were designed to escape detection by international inspectors. They are more toxic than other agents Some variants of Novichok are thought to be five to eight times more toxic than the VX nerve agent. "This is a more dangerous and sophisticated agent than sarin or VX and is harder to identify," says Professor Gary Stephens, a pharmacology expert at the University of Reading. VX agent was the chemical used to kill the half-brother of Kim Jong-un in 2017, according to the US. How long does Novichok last? Experts are divided on how long the nerve agent remains toxic. Dr Mirzayanov says it does not last for months. But Vladimir Uglev, a scientist who claims he invented the Novichok agent used in the Skripals' poisoning, says the substance is "very stable". Other experts say the chemicals are designed to be persistent and could last for months or years, particularly if they were kept in containers. "They [Novichok nerve agents] don't evaporate, they don't break up in water," said Andrea Sella, professor of inorganic chemistry at University College London. One difficulty is that Novichok is less well studied and understood than other nerve agents, and there is no official scientific data on how long they last. Novichoks exist in various forms While some Novichok agents are liquids, others are thought to exist in solid form. This means they could be dispersed as an ultra-fine powder. Some of the agents are also reported to be "binary weapons", meaning the nerve agent is typically stored as two less toxic chemical ingredients that are easier to transport, handle and store. When these are mixed, they react to produce the active toxic agent. "One of the main reasons these agents are developed is because their component parts are not on the banned list," says Prof Stephens. Some can take effect very quickly Novichoks were designed to be more toxic than other chemical weapons, so some versions would begin to take effect rapidly - in the order of 30 seconds to two minutes. The main route of exposure is likely to be through inhalation or ingestion, though they could also be absorbed through the skin. The symptoms are similar to those of other nerve agents Novichok agents have similar effects to other nerve agents - they act by blocking messages from the nerves to the muscles, causing a collapse of many bodily functions. Dr Mirzayanov said the first sign to look out for was miosis, the excessive constriction of the pupils. A larger dose could cause convulsions and interrupted breathing, he said. "[Then begins the] continuous convulsions and vomiting, and then a fatal outcome." Dr Mirzayanov said there were antidotes - atropine and athene - that helped stop the action of the poison, but that they were not a cure. If a person is exposed to the nerve agent, their clothing should be removed and their skin washed with soap and water. Their eyes should be rinsed and they should be given oxygen. Could anyone else have made Novichok agents? Dr Mirzayanov believes Russia had to have been behind the Skripal poisoning "because Russia is the country that invented it, has the experience, turned it into a weapon... has fully mastered the cycle". Russia's UN ambassador has said development work on Soviet-era nerve agents stopped in 1992, and that existing stockpiles were destroyed in 2017. In September 2017, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) confirmed the full destruction of the 39,967 metric tons of chemical weapons possessed by Russia. But Novichoks were never declared to the OPCW, and the chemicals never formed part of any control regime partly because of uncertainty about their chemical structures, says Prof Alastair Hay at the University of Leeds. It is quite likely that some government laboratories made minute quantities and stored their characteristics in databases, so that their identity could be confirmed at a later stage if found as an unknown poison in someone's blood, he said. | জার্মানির সরকার বলছে, রাশিয়ার বিরোধী নেতা আলেক্সেই নাভালনিকে নভিচক নামে স্নায়ু বিকল করার বিষাক্ত রাসায়নিক প্রয়োগ করা হয়েছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Chief executive Susan Wojcicki said "egregious" behaviour by video bloggers caused "significant harm" to the entire community of video-makers. The site has been under closer scrutiny after video blogger Logan Paul made a video which showed a dead body in a "suicide forest". Many video-makers have been frustrated with YouTube's policies. In a bid to stop advertisements appearing next to controversial content, YouTube has been using algorithms to identify content that it judges not to be "advertiser-friendly". However, many of the platform's biggest stars have complained that their videos have been incorrectly marked as unsuitable for advertising. YouTube creators have coined the words "demonetisation" and "adpocalypse" to describe the problem. The platform has also been criticised for what video-makers perceive as a lack of transparency about its policies. In a blog post, Ms Wojcicki said she wanted to "strengthen the trust that our community places in YouTube through open and frequent communication". Addressing the so-called adpocalypse, she said the company was "working on a more accurate solution" that would involve more human moderators to review videos. "We're also currently developing policies that would lead to consequences if a creator does something egregious that causes significant harm to our community as a whole," she added. When Mr Paul uploaded his video recorded in the suicide forest, YouTube removed him from the Google Preferred programme, which sells premium advertising for the website's top 5% of video-makers. Mr Paul has since apologised for uploading the video. Reputation The company says it wants to have clear policies for content creators to follow. "While these instances are rare, they can damage the reputation and revenue of your fellow creators," said Ms Wojcicki. "We want to make sure we have policies in place that allow us to respond appropriately." One of the platform's best-known stars, Hank Green, welcomed the blog post. "I am often critical of YouTube, but I also have a lot of sympathy for the tightropes they must often walk," he said. "Do I think they give in to advertisers too much? Yep! But to me this statement shows a very good and deep understanding of the issues the platform (and its creators) face." But others urged YouTube to enact its promises more quickly. | ইউটিউব জানিয়েছে, যারা তাদের সাইটের সুনাম ক্ষুন্ন করছে তাদের বিরুদ্ধে ব্যবস্থা নেয়ার লক্ষ্যে নতুন নীতিমালা তৈরি করা হচ্ছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Jerry Chun Shing Lee, 54, left the CIA in 2007 to live in Hong Kong, where he was recruited by Chinese agents. Prosecutors say the naturalised US citizen was then paid to divulge information on US covert assets. This led China to bring down a network of informants between 2010 and 2012. About 20 informants were killed or jailed during that period - one of the most disastrous failures of US intelligence in recent years. The US Assistant Attorney General for National Security, John Demers, said Lee's case was the third involving US agents and China in less than a year. "Every one of these cases is a tragic betrayal of country and colleagues," he said. What did Lee do? Lee, who worked for the CIA between 1994 and 2007, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to deliver national defence information to aid a foreign government in a court in Virginia on Wednesday, the justice department said in a statement. It said Lee was contacted by the Chinese intelligence agents in 2010. They offered him money, promising to take care of him "for life" in exchange for the required secret information. Hundreds of thousands of dollars were deposited in his Hong Kong bank account between May 2010 and December 2013. Mr Lee created a document containing information about CIA activities, including locations to which US agents would be assigned. In 2012, FBI agents searched a hotel room in Hawaii registered in Mr Lee's name and found a USB drive. Investigators found the document on unallocated space in the drive, suggesting it had been deleted. The search also revealed Lee to have a day planner and address book containing notes of intelligence provided by CIA agents, their true identities, operational meeting locations and phone numbers, and information about covert facilities. Lee was interviewed by CIA officers in 2012 during which he said he had met Chinese intelligence officers but concealed the fact that they had set him tasks, the justice department said. In 2013 he first denied knowing about the document on his USB drive and then admitted he had created it but said he had never handed it on to Chinese agents. Mr Lee was arrested at New York's JFK airport in January 2018. He will be sentenced in August. Spy v Spy By Tara McKelvey, BBC News, Washington DC The Lee case shows that the battle between Chinese and US spies has intensified over the past year, turning into a new "Cold War", as Michael Collins, the deputy assistant director of the CIA's East Asia mission center, called it. The Chinese are investing more resources into their efforts to ferret out information about the US government, while the US government has become more aggressive in its pursuit of US citizens who have helped Chinese agents. And when the guilty party is a former CIA officer, one of their own, the men and women who work in the field of US intelligence are ready to "bring the hammer down", one senior intelligence official said. CIA spy operation in China: Key dates | চীনের পক্ষে গুপ্তচরবৃত্তির অভিযোগে দোষী প্রমাণিত হয়েছেন সিআইএ-র একজন সাবেক এজেন্ট। সিআইএ থেকে তিনি অনেক তথ্য চুরি করেছেন বলে মনে করা হয়। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Toby LuckhurstBBC News Nazi Germany was on its knees. Soviet troops were closing in on Berlin, while Allied forces had crossed Germany's western border. In the Pacific, US troops were steadily but bloodily advancing towards Japan. As their armies poised for victory, the so-called Big Three - US President Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin - agreed to meet in Yalta, a Soviet resort on the Black Sea. At the end of the bloodiest conflict the world had ever known, 75 years ago, the Allies wanted to stop such devastation from ever happening again. But both the US and the USSR wanted co-operation on their own terms. Despite the Yalta agreements, within months the stage was set for the Cold War - the struggle between the two new superpowers that split the globe into ideological camps for decades. "If the goal at Yalta was to lay the basis for a genuinely peaceful post-war order, then the conference failed," Prof Andrew Bacevich at Boston University told the BBC. "But given the contradictory aspirations of the US and USSR, that goal was never in the cards." What was happening in February 1945? By the start of 1945 Nazi Germany had lost the war. The country maintained its bloody and increasingly desperate resistance, but the result of the conflict was no longer in doubt. In eastern Europe, the Soviet Union had turned the tide and shattered Germany's armies after four years of savage warfare. But while the USSR was militarily triumphant - about three-quarters of all German troop casualties in the war died on the Eastern Front - the country had suffered terribly. It is estimated that one in seven Soviet citizens, some 27 million people, died in the conflict - two-thirds of whom were civilians. Some academics put the numbers even higher. The country's cities and richest lands were devastated by the conflict. Industry, farms, homes and even roads had been wiped from the landscape. What were the leaders' goals? Joseph Stalin was determined to get his country back on its feet. He came to Yalta seeking a sphere of influence in eastern Europe as a buffer zone to protect the USSR. He also wanted to divide Germany, to ensure it could never pose a threat again, and to take huge reparations - in money, machinery and even men - to help his shattered nation. Stalin knew he would need the acceptance of the Western powers to achieve this. Winston Churchill understood Stalin's goals. The pair had met in Moscow in October 1944, and discussed the idea of carving Europe into spheres of influence for the USSR and the western powers. He also understood that the millions of Soviet troops that had pushed Germany out of central and eastern Europe far outnumbered the Allied forces in the west - and there was nothing the UK could do if Stalin chose to keep them there. The UK had declared war in September 1939 because Germany had invaded its ally, Poland, and Churchill was determined to ensure the country's freedom. The UK however had also paid a heavy price for victory, and was now essentially bankrupt. Churchill hoped the US would support him and stand up to Stalin. But US President Roosevelt had his own priorities. He wanted Stalin to sign up to the United Nations - a new global peacekeeping body for the post-war world. Prof Melvyn Leffler at the University of Virginia told the BBC that Roosevelt was well aware how acrimony between allies after World War One had led the US to step back from world politics in the 1920s and 1930s. "What Roosevelt wanted most of all was to avert a return to American isolationism," he said. The president also wanted the Soviet Union to declare war on Japan. Though the tide had dramatically turned against the Japanese Empire, their forces were still inflicting heavy casualties on advancing US forces in the Pacific. Anxiety about a bloody invasion of the Japanese home islands loomed large in US strategic thinking. What happened at Yalta? Although Roosevelt wanted to meet somewhere in the Mediterranean, Stalin - who had a fear of flying - instead offered up Yalta. Group talks took place between 4-11 February at the US delegation's residence, Livadia Palace, which was once the summer home of Russia's last Tsar, Nicholas II. The three leaders had met before, at Tehran in 1943. Roosevelt was more willing to trust Stalin than was Churchill, who saw the Soviet leader as an increasingly dangerous threat. After a week of talks, the Big Three announced their decisions to the world. Following its unconditional surrender, Germany would be broken apart. The leaders agreed in principle to four occupation zones, one for each country at Yalta and also for France, and the same division of Berlin. A declaration also said Germany would pay reparations "to the greatest extent possible", and a commission would be created in Moscow to determine how much they owed. The leaders also agreed to democratic elections throughout liberated Europe - including for Poland, which would have a new government "with the inclusion of democratic leaders from Poland itself and from Poles abroad". The Soviet Union had already placed a provisional Communist government in Warsaw, which they agreed would be expanded. But democracy meant something very different to Stalin. Though he publicly agreed to free elections for liberated Europe, his forces were already seizing key offices of state across central and eastern European countries for local communist parties. Moreover, the leaders decided - at Stalin's urging - that Poland's borders were to move westward, giving land to the USSR. The Baltic States would also join the Soviet Union. Historian Anne Applebaum wrote in her text Iron Curtain that the leaders "decided the fate of whole swathes of Europe with amazing insouciance". Roosevelt "half-heartedly" asked Stalin if the city of Lwow might stay a part of Poland, but did not push the idea, and it was quickly dropped. Roosevelt was more focused on his plan for the United Nations, and he got his wish. All three nations agreed to send delegates to San Francisco on 25 April 1945, to help set up the new international organisation. What's more, Stalin pledged to launch an invasion of Japan three months after the defeat of Germany. Churchill remained deeply concerned about the situation in eastern Europe after the summit, despite the agreements. He urged his forces and the Americans to move as far east as possible before the end of the war. What happened afterwards? Within months, the political situation had changed dramatically. Roosevelt died of a massive brain haemorrhage in April, and was replaced by Harry Truman. Germany surrendered unconditionally in May. And on 16 July, the US successfully tested its new secret weapon - the nuclear bomb. The very next day, President Truman met Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam conference outside Berlin. Truman did not know Stalin, and had been president for just four months. Winston Churchill, in power since May 1940, was replaced halfway through the conference by Clement Atlee after the 1945 general election. The mood at the conference was very different. US policymakers felt more confident after realising the power of the atomic bomb. Truman was far more sceptical of Stalin than Roosevelt had been. He and his advisers believed the USSR had no desire to stick to the Yalta accords. In less than two years, the US president announced the so-called Truman Doctrine, which pledged US power to contain Soviet expansion efforts around the world. The Cold War had begun. Both Churchill and Roosevelt were later criticised for giving way to Stalin at Yalta. But practically, there was little the US and UK could do. Stalin already had troops throughout central and eastern Europe. After Yalta, Churchill commissioned a plan of attack against the USSR - codenamed Operation Unthinkable - but British military planners realised it was totally unrealistic. Prof Leffler says that "what Yalta did in regard to eastern Europe was simply to acknowledge the power realities that existed at the time". | ১৯৪৫ সালের ফেব্রুয়ারিতে পুরো বিশ্বের ভাগ্য নির্ধারণ করতে একটি রিসোর্ট বসেছিলেন তিন জন মানুষ। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Governor Greg Abbott described it as "one of the most deadly days in the history of Texas". Police are investigating whether the attack, which happened a few miles from the US-Mexico border, was a hate crime. A 21-year-old man is in custody. Police said the suspect lived in Allen, Dallas, about 650 miles (1,046km) east of El Paso. He has been named by US media as Patrick Crusius. CCTV images said to be of the gunman and broadcast on US media show a man in a dark T-shirt wearing ear protectors and brandishing a rifle. The Texas shooting is believed to be the eighth deadliest in modern US history. It came less than 24 hours before another mass shooting in Dayton, Ohio, and less than a week after a teenage gunman killed three people at a California food festival. The police and FBI are investigating whether an anonymous white nationalist "manifesto", shared on an online forum, was written by the gunman. The document claims the attack was targeted at the local Hispanic community. The Walmart, which is near the Cielo Vista Mall, was full of shoppers buying back-to-school supplies at the time of the shooting. US President Donald Trump described the attack as "an act of cowardice". "I know that I stand with everyone in this country to condemn today's hateful act. There are no reasons or excuses that will ever justify killing innocent people," he wrote on Twitter. The victims have not yet been named but Mexico's President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador said three Mexicans were among the dead, according to Reuters news agency. "We as a state unite in support of these victims and their family members," Mr Abbott said. "We must do one thing today, one thing tomorrow and each and every day after this - we must unite." What happened? El Paso Police Chief Greg Allen said reports of an active shooter were received at 10:39 local time (16:39 GMT), and law enforcement officers were on the scene within six minutes. The 21-year-old is the only suspect in custody and police say no officers fired their weapons while arresting him. Mr Allen said the ages of victims were "numerous" as he described the situation as "horrific". El Paso Police Department had earlier tweeted that blood donations were "needed urgently". Kianna Long said she was at the Walmart with her husband when they heard gunfire. "People were panicking and running, saying that there was a shooter," Ms Long told Reuters. "They were running close to the floor, people were dropping on the floor." Ms Long said she and her husband ran through a stock room before taking cover with other customers. Another witness, Glendon Oakly, told CNN he was in a sporting goods store in the nearby shopping mall when a child ran inside "telling us there's an active shooter at Walmart". Mr Oakly said no-one took the child's claim seriously but just minutes later he heard two gunshots. "I just thought about getting the kids out of the way," he said. What has been the wider reaction? The latest mass shooting has led to an outpouring of sympathy, but also fresh calls for gun control. Walmart tweeted that it was "in shock over the tragic events" and was "working closely with law enforcement". The Texas attack is the second deadly shooting to take place in a Walmart store this week, after an ex-employee of the company killed two former co-workers at a Mississipi branch on Tuesday. Walmart's CEO Doug McMillon posted on Instagram: "I can't believe I'm sending a note like this twice in one week. My heart aches for the community in El Paso." Democratic presidential candidate Beto O'Rourke abandoned a campaign event in Las Vegas to return to his home town. Earlier, he spoke at a labour forum, telling the crowd the shooting shattered any illusion that gun reform will "come of its own accord" in the US. "We know that there's a lot of injury, a lot of suffering in El Paso right now," he said. Other Democratic presidential candidates also responded with calls for gun control. New Jersey Senator Cory Booker was among them, saying the US seemed to be "accepting the idea that these [shootings] are going to be a regular occurrence". Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, however, said gun control would probably not have stopped the attack. He added that if a "crazy" gunman launched such an attack, there was no way that law enforcement officers could be there to stop it. "The best way is to be prepared to defend yourself," he told CBS News. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের টেক্সাসে বন্দুকধারীর গুলিতে অন্তত ২০ জন নিহত এবং ২৪ জন আহত হয়েছেন বলে জানা যাচ্ছে। এল পাসো শহরে ওয়ালমার্টের একটি দোকানে এই গোলাগুলির ঘটনা ঘটে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Steve RosenbergBBC News, Moscow For tsars it was by birth; Vladimir Lenin through revolution; general secretaries of the Soviet Communist Party by climbing up the party ladder to the politburo and awaiting their turn for the top job. But 20 years ago, Vladimir Putin was handed power on a Kremlin plate. The former officer of the KGB - the Soviet security service - was handpicked by President Boris Yeltsin and his inner circle to lead Russia into the 21st Century. But why Mr Putin? The 'brilliant deputy' Valentin Yumashev played a key role in Vladimir Putin becoming president of Russia. The former journalist turned Kremlin official rarely gives interviews, but he agreed to meet me and tell his story. Mr Yumashev was one of Boris Yeltsin's most trusted aides - he went on to marry Mr Yeltsin's daughter, Tatyana. As Mr Yeltsin's chief of staff, in 1997 he gave Mr Putin his first job in the Kremlin. "Yeltsin's outgoing administration chief, Anatoly Chubais, told me he knew a strong manager who'd make a good deputy for me," Mr Yumashev recalls. "He introduced me to Vladimir Putin and we began working together. I noticed immediately Putin's fantastic work. He was brilliant at formulating ideas, at analysing and arguing his case." Was there a moment, I ask, when you thought this man could be president? "Yeltsin had several candidates in mind, like Boris Nemtsov, Sergei Stepashin and Nikolai Aksenenko. Yeltsin and I talked a lot about possible successors. At one point we discussed Putin. "Yeltsin asked me: 'What do you think about Putin?' I think he's a superb candidate, I replied. I think you should consider him. It's clear from the way he does his job that he's ready for more difficult tasks." Did Putin's KGB past put him off? "A lot of KGB agents, like Putin, had left the organisation, realising it was discredited. The fact that he was ex-KGB meant nothing. Putin had shown himself to be a liberal and a democrat, who wanted to continue market reforms." The secret succession In August 1999, Boris Yeltsin appointed Vladimir Putin prime minister. It was a clear sign that President Yeltsin was preparing Mr Putin for the Kremlin. Mr Yeltsin was not due to leave office for another year, but in December 1999 he took the surprise decision to go early. "Three days before New Year, Yeltsin summoned Putin to his country residence. He asked me to be present, and his new chief of staff, Alexander Voloshin. He told Putin that he wouldn't hang around until July. He'd resign on 31 December. "Only a tiny group of people knew: me, Voloshin, Putin and Yeltsin's daughter Tatyana. Yeltsin didn't even tell his wife." Mr Yumashev was entrusted with writing Yeltsin's resignation speech. "It was a hard speech to write. It was clear the text would go down in history. The message was important. That's why I wrote the famous line 'Forgive me'. "Russians had suffered such shock and stress during the 1990s. Yeltsin had to speak about this." On New Year's Eve 1999, Boris Yeltsin recorded his final TV address in the Kremlin. "It came as a shock to everyone present. Except me, who'd written the speech. People burst into tears. It was an emotional moment. "But it was important that the news didn't leak. There were still four hours before the official announcement. So, all the people in the room were locked in. They weren't allowed to leave. I took the tape and drove to the TV station. The speech was broadcast at midday." Vladimir Putin became acting president. Three months later, he won the election. A member of 'The Family'? Valentin Yumashev is often referred to as a member of "The Family": Boris Yeltsin's inner circle that, allegedly, exerted influence over him towards the end of the 1990s. Mr Yumashev dismisses "The Family" as "a myth, an invention". But there's little doubt that during the 1990s, with President Yeltsin in failing health, the Kremlin leader placed his trust, increasingly, in a narrow circle of relatives, friends and business figures. "Putin's entourage doesn't exert influence like this," explains political scientist Valery Solovei. "There are two categories of people Putin leans towards: childhood friends, like the Rotenberg brothers and those who served in the Soviet KGB. "But he doesn't overestimate their loyalty. Yeltsin trusted members of his family. Putin trusts no-one." 'No regrets - Russians trust Putin' Mr Putin has remained in power, as president or prime minister, for 20 years. In that time, he has built a system of power that revolves around him. Under his watch, Russia has become an increasingly authoritarian state, with fewer democratic rights and freedoms. "Yeltsin believed he had a mission, and so does Putin," Mr Solovei says. "Yeltsin saw himself as Moses: he wanted to lead his country out of its communist slavery. "Putin's mission is to return to the past. He wants to avenge what he calls 'the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th Century', the fall of the USSR. He and his entourage, former KGB officers, believe the destruction of the Soviet Union was the work of Western intelligence services." The Vladimir Putin of today is barely recognisable from the liberal figure Mr Yumashev remembers. So, does Mr Putin's former boss regret giving him a job? "I have no regrets," Mr Yumashev tells me, adding: "It's clear that Russians still trust Putin." Still, Mr Yumashev thinks that Boris Yeltsin's resignation should serve as a lesson to all Russian presidents, the lesson being "that it's very important to step down and make way for younger people. For Yeltsin this was incredibly important." | যুগে যুগে রাশিয়ান শাসকরা বিভিন্ন উপায়ে ক্ষমতা অর্জন করেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | I had told my sister earlier: "Something bad is going to happen today. I don't know what, but something bad will happen." Outside the Capitol, I encountered a group of very boisterous supporters of President Donald Trump, all waving flags and pledging their allegiance to him. There was a sense that trouble was brewing. I went inside to the House of Representatives and up into the press gallery, where we were assigned seats, looking down at the rather sombre gathering. Speaker Nancy Pelosi was holding the gavel, and keeping people to their five-minute statements. As we went into the second hour, all of a sudden we heard breaking glass. The air began getting fogged. An announcement from the Capitol Police said, "An individual has breached the building". So everyone looked around and then it was business as usual. But after that, the announcements kept coming. And they were getting more and more urgent. They announced that the intruders had breached the rotunda, which is under the famed marble dome. The sacred house of democracy was under fire. Many of us are hardened journalists - I've seen my share of violence covering homicides in Baltimore - but this was very unpredictable. The police didn't seem to know what was happening. They weren't coordinated. They locked the chamber doors but at the same time, they told us we would have to evacuate. So there was a sense of panic. I was afraid. I'll tell you that. And I've spoken to other journalists who said they were a little ashamed of themselves for feeling afraid. There was a sense of "nobody's in charge here, the Capitol Police have lost control of the building, anything can happen". If you think back to the September 11 attacks in 2001, there was one plane that went down and didn't hit its target. That target was the Capitol. There were echoes of that. I made a call to my family, just to let them know that I was here and it was a dangerous situation. There was a shot. We could see there was a standoff in our chamber. Five men were holding guns at the door. It was a frightening sight. Men were looking through a broken glass window and looked like they could shoot at any second. Thankfully there was no gunfire inside the chamber. But for a while there, it felt like it would be a real possibility. Because things were going downhill very fast. We had to crawl under railings to get out of the way. I was not dressed to do that. A lot of women were dressed up, wearing heels, because they had come for a formal ritual. I sheltered in the House cafeteria alongside others. I'm still shaking now. I have seen a lot as a journalist, but this was something more. This was the collective public sphere being undermined, assaulted, degraded. And I think this was why the Speaker wanted to return and hold the gavel again and go on. Afterwards I had to decide whether I was going to go back to the chamber too. I decided l probably would, because the message that is sending is: "You can incite a mob, but we're going to go on". I think that is a very important political message. | জেমি স্টাইম একজন মার্কিন রাজনৈতিক কলামিস্ট যিনি ক্যাপিটল ভবনে বিক্ষোভকারীরা ঢোকার সময়টাতে উপস্থিত ছিলেন। হাউস অব রেপ্রেসেন্টিটিভ বা প্রতিনিধি পরিষদের প্রেস গ্যালারিতে থেকে তিনি যা দেখেছেন সেটাই বর্ণনা করেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Hazel ShearingBBC News From cutting down on "plant miles" to reusing plastic pots, British gardeners, botanists and environmental campaigners have shared ways to keep your horticultural hobby sustainable. Houseplants are on the rise, according to the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which says average sales in the second half of last year were up 60% on the previous year. The trend has been attributed to eco-friendly, health-conscious millennials who want to bring the great outdoors into their inner-city flats and nurture something "real" in an increasingly virtual world. About four in five 16 to 24-year-olds own at least one houseplant and a fifth of owners bought them to boost their health and wellbeing, a RHS survey suggests. If they can get some good photos along the way, even better. The hashtag #plantsofinstagram has been used more than 4 million times. Plant miles With the craze has sprung up a number of specialist online retailers that deliver straight to your door. Patch, which says it is London's biggest online plant retailer, is one example. It gives its plants nicknames like "Chaz" and "Big Ken" to endear them to prospective "plant parents". Chief executive Freddie Blackett says that part of the appeal is that plants make people feel "calmer, happier and more at ease". Patch's plants are grown in the Netherlands and shipped to the UK as and when they are ordered, which avoids excess plants being shipped. But ordering online could rack up "plant miles", says Fay Kenworthy, co-founder of PlantSwap, a Sheffield-based community initiative that encourages people to trade plants locally. "As many plants are brought in from overseas, their transportation represents a significant ecological footprint," she says, noting that while most come from Holland, orchids can be shipped from Indonesia and "light-loving" plants from Kenya and Zimbabwe. "You may have decided to reduce your international travel to protect the environment but your plants are still shipping across the world." Shipping from abroad isn't too much of a concern for botanist and BBC presenter James Wong, the proud owner of 500 houseplants. "You're going to be [ordering plants] on a much smaller scale compared to outdoors, so, by definition, it's going to have a lower carbon footprint," he says. He argues that home delivery has less of an environmental impact than multiple trips to the garden centre in a car, and that many UK buyers live closer to Amsterdam than British-based suppliers. He adds that growing certain plants in hotter climates and shipping them to the UK can eliminate the need for heated greenhouses closer to home. However, Wong agrees that exchanging unwanted plants, cuttings, and seedlings at plant swaps is a sustainable option for houseplant buyers. Another benefit, according to Ms Kenworthy, is that it avoids the excess packaging that comes with new plants - including plastic pots. Plastic pots Pots can be a "nightmare" to recycle, says anti-plastic campaigner Amy Meek, 16. Only about 10% of local authorities in the UK accept them, according to analysts at the Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP). Sometimes they are not collected because they are considered contaminated. But many are also made from black plastic, which often cannot be detected by sorting machines at recycling centres, and so end up in landfill or incinerated. Many local authorities reject even non-black plastic pots, which has led to the development of more easily-recyclable taupe pots and even biodegradable pots. The Horticultural Trades Association and RHS Gardens offer plant pot recycling or "take back" schemes, and B&Q says it is trialling a recycling scheme. Miss Meek, who runs environmental charity Kids Against Plastic with her younger sister, Ella, wants buyers to think about plants' packaging. She encourages people to ask: "Will I be able to I use it again, or is there somewhere else I could look to buy these plants from that are using more sustainable packaging or one that could be used for longer?" For peat's sake But being a sustainable houseplant buyer is not just about keeping tabs on how a plant is delivered - it is also about what it is grown in. The main problem for botanist Dr Trevor Dines is the use of peat in composts. The earthy substance, found in waterlogged areas in the UK, is made of decomposed plant matter and can take thousands of years to form. "Commercial extraction can remove over 500 years-worth of growth in a single year," says Dr Dines, of British conservation charity Plantlife. He encourages people to check with retailers about the use of peat, or to stick to plants that don't need it, like orchids or cacti. But hang on, don't houseplants clean the air? Because plants take in CO2 and emit oxygen, it wouldn't be unreasonable to assume that they offset any environmental damage by cleaning the air. PhD research carried out by Curtis Gubb, an environmental consultant, found that plants can remove "significant amounts" of CO2 in a room - but how much depends on the type of plant, how many there are, how light the room is and how much water is in the soil. "The amount the plant is watered affects its ability to function and remove CO2, in the same way as with people - if you're dehydrated or have drunk too much water you will not function as well," he says. Dracaena "Golden Coast" plants and peace lillies performed best in his research, but he says you'd still need to buy a lot of them - even installing a vertical garden or "green wall" - and have extra lighting in order for them to reduce CO2 levels. So, are houseplants bad for the environment? Wong says that everything we do has a carbon footprint and that, in the scheme of things, people shouldn't "freak out" about their environmental impact. However, he advises that if buyers want to be as sustainable as possible, they should talk to their suppliers about the use of peat, avoid buying houseplants that are "designed to die" like Poinsettias and sprayed cacti, and propagate plants from cuttings and seeds to offset any environmental concerns. "Not that those things are a huge issue," he says. "But every little bit helps." | ঘরে গাছপালা লাগানো মন এবং ভালো থাকার ক্ষেত্রে ইতিবাচক প্রভাব ফেলে বলে মনে করা হয়। হয়তো সেগুলোর ছবি ইন্সটাগ্রামে অনেক লাইক এনে দেয়। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Smitha MundasadBBC News The GP-led programme worked for more than a third of participating patients. The study report builds on earlier work suggesting weight loss is one key solution and offers more time off medication than previously thought. Experts say it challenges the view that type-2 diabetes is always a life-long, progressive condition. Type-2 diabetes affects one in 16 adults in the UK. It causes uncontrolled sugar levels that can lead to serious complications such as amputations, visual problems and heart disease. 'I lost 17kg in 12 weeks' Joe McSorley, 58, who lives near Glasgow, was diagnosed with type-2 diabetes six years ago and though he was given two types of medication, found it hard to keep his blood sugars under control. He told BBC news: "All I could see for the future was continuing to take these pills forever." When he started the trial diet - consuming only low-calorie shakes every day - he found it very difficult. But he saw rapid results, dropping from 90kg (14st 2lb) to 73kg in just 12 weeks. And, Mr McSorley said, the hardest part came when he had begun to eat solid food again. "Using the shakes is only the start of the journey," he said. "It gets you to the point where you can take destiny in your own hands." Two years later, his weight is stable at 77kg. He exercises regularly and hopes to become a lifestyle coach when he retires. Mr McSorley was one of 149 people in Scotland and Tyneside put on a 12-30-week low-calorie diet of shakes and drinks to help trigger weight loss. They were then reintroduced to solid meals over the next few weeks. After one year, 69 of them (46%) had gone into remission, compared with just 4% of people given standard treatment including pills. And after two years, 53 of them (36%) remained off medication and in remission. Participants were encouraged to keep healthy through monthly meetings and had the option of a "rescue" plan including using the liquid diet again, if they gained weight. 'Not all about weight' Prof Roy Taylor, an investigator on the trial at Newcastle University, said: "These results are a significant development and finally pull down the curtain on the era of type-2 diabetes as an inevitably progressive disease." Researchers said most of the weight-loss group whose diabetes had gone into remission had lost 10kg or more and maintained this weight loss during the trial. But Dr Nicola Guess, at King's College London, said weight loss was not the whole story. "Type-2 diabetes returned in a minority of people (16%) who kept off 15kg or more for two years," she said. "Further research is needed to help us understand why this is. "It is possible that these people had type-2 diabetes for longer before losing weight or perhaps there might be dietary or genetic factors which contributed." The NHS in England is planning on piloting the programme and NHS Scotland has begun rolling out similar schemes. But NHS experts caution that this type of calorie restriction is not be suitable for everyone and should be done under medical supervision only. The charity Diabetes UK, which funded the study, said the findings were exciting but added: "We know type-2 diabetes is a complex condition and this approach will not work for everyone." The trial is published in the Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. | এক গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে তিন মাস প্রতিদিন ৮৫০ ক্যালরিযুক্ত খাবার গেলে এবং তাতে ওজন কমাতে পারলে অন্তত দুই বছর টাইপ-টু ডায়াবেটিস থেকে মুক্ত থাকা সম্ভব। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The attack and subsequent siege, which targeted the Zaver Pearl-Continental Hotel in the strategic port city of Gwadar, lasted several hours. A hotel spokesman said there were no guests and few staff due to Ramadan. The separatist Balochistan Liberation Army said it carried out the attack. The group said that the hotel, the centrepiece of a multi-billion-dollar Chinese project, was selected in order to target Chinese and other investors. Militants in Balochistan oppose Chinese investment, saying it is of little benefit to local people. What do we know about the attack? The gunmen stormed the hotel, usually popular with top government officials and foreign visitors, at around 16:50 local time (11:50 GMT), killing at least one security guard who tried to stop them at the entrance. Security forces entered the hotel and took part in a gun battle with the militants, before cornering them in a staircase leading to the top floor, officials said. Due to the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, the hotel had no guests and a very limited number of staff, a Zaver Pearl-Continental spokesperson told the BBC. However, earlier reports suggested that hotel guests had been evacuated safely. The hotel sits on a hilltop overlooking the Gwadar port on the Arabian Sea, which is being developed by China as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a network of roads, railway and pipelines between the two countries. On Twitter, the Chinese embassy in Pakistan condemned the attack, which comes just weeks after gunmen killed 14 people, including 11 military personnel, in the region. A worrying breach of security Gwadar is a city with a heavy military presence. It is viewed by both Chinese and Pakistani officials as the lynchpin of the CPEC, aiming to connect western China with the Arabian Sea. When I visited the port city in late 2017 with other international journalists, we travelled in convoys guarded by armed escorts, and stayed in the same hotel that was targeted. This attack will therefore be seen as a worrying breach of security, and it is not the first time Chinese interests have been targeted by this militant group. Last year the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) carried out an attack on the Chinese consulate in Karachi. After that attack, both Pakistani and Chinese officials stressed that violence would not derail their close co-operation. But militant activity in Balochistan remains one of the major concerns about the viability of the CPEC project. What is the situation in Balochistan? Home to a long-running insurgency, Balochistan is Pakistan's poorest and least developed province. It shares a large, porous border with Afghanistan and Iran. Its economy is dominated by natural resources, particularly natural gas, and is being transformed by major Chinese infrastructure projects on the CPEC, part of the ambitious Belt and Road initiative. Several militant groups operate in the region, including the Pakistani Taliban, the BLA and the Sunni Muslim extremist group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi. | পাকিস্তানের পাঁচ তারকা হোটেলে হামলাকারি তিনজনই নিহত হয়েছে বলে দেশটির কর্মকর্তারা জানিয়েছেন। এই হামলায় হোটেলের একজন নিরাপত্তা রক্ষীর মৃত্যুও নিশ্চিত করা হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Margaret Gieszinger, 52, has also lost her job at University Preparatory High School in Visalia, California. Prosecutors say she has pleaded not guilty to the six charges, including child cruelty and battery, and faces up to three-and-a-half years in prison. Ms Gieszinger was released on a $100,000 (£78,500) bail late on Friday. In mobile phone video posted to Reddit, the science teacher is seen calling a male student to sit at the front of the class. She then cuts chunks of his hair while singing an incorrect version of the Star Spangled Banner. A lawyer for the student told CNN his client was "absolutely terrified" before he managed to get away. Ms Gieszinger is then seen holding the scissors above her head, saying "Next!" before threatening to cut a female student's hair. "We take very seriously the safety of the students in classrooms," the Tulare County Office of Education said in a statement. "We are reviewing all available information and will take the most severe employment action appropriate." | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের একজন শিক্ষিকা জোর করে তার ছাত্রের চুল কেটে দেয়ায় তার বিরুদ্ধে ফৌজদারি অপরাধের অভিযোগ আনা হয়েছে। ভিডিও ফুটেজে দেখা যায় ক্লাস চলাকালে জাতীয় সঙ্গীত গাওয়ার সময় ওই শিক্ষিকা জোর করে তার চুল কেটে দিচ্ছেন। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Soleimani was assassinated in a US drone strike in Iraq on Friday on the orders of President Donald Trump. Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei led prayers and at one point was seen weeping. Iran has vowed "severe revenge" for the death of Soleimani and on Sunday pulled back from the 2015 nuclear accord. Soleimani, 62, headed Iran's elite Quds Force, and was tasked with protecting and boosting Iran's influence in the Middle East. He supported Syria's President Bashar al-Assad in the country's civil conflict, aided the Shia militant group Hezbollah in Lebanon, and guided Iraqi militia groups against the Islamic State group. The US saw him as a terrorist, and President Trump said Soleimani was plotting "imminent" attacks on US diplomats and military personnel. In Iran, Soleimani was hailed as a national hero and widely considered the second most powerful man in the country behind Supreme Leader Khamenei. But not all Iranians are as distressed about the general's death as the mourners who lined Tehran's streets, says BBC Middle East Editor Jeremy Bowen. Soleimani was a hardliner and a dominant force in a regime that shot dead scores of protesters at the end of 2019. He also spent vast sums building up alliances and militias in Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq and Syria at a time when US sanctions are impoverishing many Iranians, our correspondent says. What happened at Soleimani's funeral? State television showed huge crowds in Tehran for the event. It put the number who turned out as "millions" although this is yet to be verified. Some people cried, while others clutched pictures of the late commander. Mourners passed Soleimani's coffin over their heads and "death to America" chants were heard. His daughter Zeinab Soleimani warned the US that it faced a "dark day". "Crazy Trump, don't think that everything is over with my father's martyrdom," she said. Soleimani's remains were then taken to Qom, one of the centres of Shia Islam, where massive crowds also gathered for a ceremony. The general will be buried in his hometown of Kerman on Tuesday. How has Iran responded to the killing? On Sunday Iran declared it would no longer abide by any of the restrictions imposed by the 2015 nuclear deal. The deal limited Iranian nuclear capacities in exchange for the lifting of economic sanctions. Three European parties to the deal - Germany, France and the UK - urged Iran to abide by its terms. Also on Sunday, Iraqi MPs passed a non-binding resolution calling for foreign troops to leave. US forces had been invited back to Iraq in 2014 to help defeat the Islamic State group, and there are about 5,000 in the country. The new head of Iran's Quds force has vowed to expel the US from the Middle East. Meanwhile, BBC security correspondent Frank Gardner says an Iranian official told him he backed a claim by Iraq's PM that Soleimani was carrying an Iranian response to a Saudi peace overture. How has Trump reacted? Following warnings from Iran, Mr Trump said that the US would respond in the event of retaliation for Soleimani's death, "perhaps in a disproportionate manner". He repeated a threat to target Iranian cultural sites, saying the US would "strike very fast and very hard" if Tehran attacked Americans or US assets. President Trump also threatened severe sanctions against Iraq if US troops left. "We have a very extraordinarily expensive airbase that's there. It cost billions of dollars to build. We're not leaving unless they pay us back for it," he told reporters. The president on Monday also responded to Iran's decision to no longer abide by the nuclear deal, tweeting: "Iran will never have a nuclear weapon!" How have others responded? A number of political leaders across the world have called for restraint, including German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President Emmanuel Macron and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson in a joint statement. Nato's ruling council met on Monday to discuss the crisis and made a similar call. Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said Nato had suspended its training operations within Iraq as a precautionary measure to protect personnel. He said the decision to kill Soleimani had been made by the US alone, but that all Nato members had shown "very strong unity" and expressed concerned about Iran's "destabilising actions in the region". UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres urged restraint, saying: "Geopolitical tensions are at their highest level this century." Mrs Merkel will travel to Russia later this week for talks with President Vladimir Putin. Markets have remained turbulent. Brent crude oil topped $70 (£53) a barrel on Monday for the first time since September. Voices from Iran The BBC's Persian service has been seeking the views of Iranians on Soleimani's killing. "I believe Soleimani did not deserve such a fate. He did a lot for Iran, to protect this country. Our enemies have been attacking us for the past four decades and he tried to save the country," - Paniz (f) "Soleimani was not a hero, in my opinion he was a soldier and overrated by the establishment. People are being too emotional about him," - Erfan (m) What are Iran's key cultural sites? The suggestion that the US could target Iranian cultural sites sparked alarm in Iran and beyond. Such action could be considered a war crime under international law. Iran is home to two dozen Unesco World Heritage sites. These are sites that the UN's cultural organisation believes need preserving for their cultural, historic or scientific significance. These include: In pictures - Iran's sites of cultural importance Do you have any questions about the assassination of Qasem Soleimani, the circumstances preceding it and the consequences? In some cases your question will be published, displaying your name, age and location as you provide it, unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. Please ensure you have read the terms and conditions. Use this form to ask your question: If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question, or send via email to [email protected]. Please include your name, age and location with any question you send in. | ইরানের নিহত সামরিক কমান্ডার কাসেম সোলেইমানির জানাজায় সোমবার রাজধানী তেহরানের রাস্তায় জনতার ঢল নেমেছিল। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Russell HottenBBC News, New York Officials on Tuesday voted to ban stores selling the vaporisers and made it illegal for online retailers to deliver to addresses in the city. The Californian city is home to Juul Labs, the most popular e-cigarette producer in the US. Juul said the move would drive smokers back to cigarettes and "create a thriving black market". San Francisco's mayor, London Breed, has 10 days to sign off the legislation, but has indicated she will. The law would begin to be enforced seven months from that date, although there have been reports firms could mount a legal challenge. Anti-vaping activists say firms deliberately target young people by offering flavoured products. Not only is more scientific investigation into the health impact needed, critics say, but vaping can encourage young people to switch to cigarettes. Earlier this year the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the national regulator, issued proposed guidelines giving companies until 2021 to apply to have their e-cigarette products evaluated. A deadline had initially been set for August 2018, but the agency later said more preparation time was needed. San Francisco's City Attorney, Dennis Herrera, who campaigned for a ban, praised the move and said it was necessary because of an "abdication of responsibility" by the FDA in regulating e-cigarettes. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of US teenagers who admitted using nicotine products rose about 36% last year, something it attributed to a growth in e-cigarette use. Under federal law, the minimum age to buy tobacco products is 18 years, although in California and several other states it is 21. Juul previously said it supported cutting vaping among young people but only in conjunction with tougher measures to stop them accessing regular cigarettes. The company's small device, just longer than a flash drive, has about 70% of the US vaping market. San Francisco's ban would "drive former adult smokers who successfully switched to vapor products back to deadly cigarettes", said Juul spokesman Ted Kwong. It would also stop adult smokers switching and create a "thriving black market". "We have already taken the most aggressive actions in the industry to keep our products out of the hands of those underage and are taking steps to do more." Traditional tobacco products will "remain untouched by this legislation, even though they kill 40,000 Californians every year," he said. Juul, 35%-owned by Marlboro maker Altria Group, has already withdrawn popular flavours such as mango and cucumber from retail stores and closed its social media channels on Instagram and Facebook. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রথম শহর হিসাবে ই-সিগারেট বা ইলেকট্রনিক সিগারেট নিষিদ্ধ করেছে সানফ্রানসিসকো। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Laurel IvesBBC Health The government is rolling out HPV testing as part of routine screenings for cervical cancer. Nearly half of the women surveyed believed their partner must have cheated if they had HPV, but the virus can remain dormant for years. Campaigners fear women may not attend screenings because of the stigma. The survey of 2,000 women was done by Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust last month. It found that half of the women were embarrassed and "put off sex" as a result of contracting the virus. Around 35% of the women had no idea what HPV is, and nearly 60% said they thought it meant they had cancer. Laura Flaherty, 31, who was diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2016, is typical of the respondents. "When I first saw on my letter that I had been diagnosed as being HPV positive, I didn't know what it was. When I Googled it I discovered it was a sexually transmitted infection, so I automatically thought my partner had been cheating. "I knew nothing about it, and it felt dirty. I didn't realise it could lay dormant for so long and when I realised how common HPV is I was shocked. No-one I spoke to had heard of it, yet most of us are going to contract it." Busting the HPV myths Myth: You can only get the virus through sexual intercourse Fact: HPV is usually sexually transmitted, but it can also be transmitted by any skin-to-skin contact in the genital and oral areas Myth: HPV is a sign of being promiscuous Fact: 80% of us will contract HPV virus at some point in our lives, it's easy to get and pass on and you can get it the first time you have any sexual contact. Myth: HPV means I've got cancer Fact: There are about 200 types of HPV. About 40 types affect the genital area, simply meaning they will live there, a few can cause unpleasant but harmless conditions like genital warts. Around 13 high-risk types can cause cervical cancer and other cancers of the genitals as well as mouth and throat cancer, but this is rare. Myth: You'll know if you have HPV Fact: HPV is symptomless and in most cases the immune system will clear the infection. Cervical screening picks up any abnormal cells Source: Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust The survey comes as a government initiative to test for HPV first in cervical screening, before other conditions, starts in Wales next week. It will roll out to England by 2019 and be implemented in Scotland in 2020, but there is no date for its introduction in Northern Ireland. The change means that more women will be told that they have HPV. Robert Music, Chief Executive, Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust, said: "Testing for HPV first is a far more effective way of identifying those most at risk of cervical cancer. This change to the programme does mean more women will be told they have HPV. "HPV can be confusing however, so we must normalise it to ensure people don't feel ashamed or scared about being told they have the virus." HPV infection is rapidly declining in girls aged between 12 and 18 as a result of the HPV vaccine introduced in 2008. Last year, the vaccine was extended to gay men aged 16 to 45, and in July the government announced that it will also be extended to boys, although no start date has yet been given. There are no plans to extend the HPV vaccine to other adults over the age of 18, as the likelihood of already having the infection are high, and therefore the vaccine would be ineffective. Dr Philippa Kaye, GP and author said: "GPs and health professionals will be having more conversations with patients about HPV as they come in to discuss their results. Understanding how it is transmitted and the relative risks will help reduce the stigma surrounding it." | যৌন ভাইরাস এইচপিভিতে আক্রান্ত হওয়ার সাথে লজ্জা ও অজ্ঞতার একটি গভীর সম্পর্ক রয়েছে বলে সম্প্রতি উঠে এসেছে এক গবেষণায়। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Those freed include 24 Ukrainian sailors and - controversially - a "person of interest" over the downing of flight MH17 which killed 298 people. The swap is hoped to ease tensions between the two neighbours. Greeting the Ukrainians at the airport, President Volodymyr Zelensky said: "We have to do all the steps to finish this horrible war." Russia said it was glad its citizens had returned home. Relations between the two countries deteriorated dramatically in 2014, when Russia annexed Ukraine's Crimean peninsula and Russian-backed rebels began an insurgency in two regions of eastern Ukraine. More than 13,000 people have been killed in the conflict in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. In April, Ukrainians elected a new president. Mr Zelensky said his top priority was to end the conflict. Russian officials have said progress towards a prisoner release is vital for improving the "atmosphere surrounding a settlement of the Ukrainian crisis". Negotiations on the extremely sensitive issue were held in complete secrecy, with both Ukrainian and Russian officials stressing that any leaks could derail the swap. Who was part of the prisoner exchange? Russia has not yet confirmed the names of the prisoners who have been released by Ukraine. It arranged a low-profile arrival at Moscow's Vnukovo airport, with initial reunions kept behind closed doors. In Ukraine, the scene was very different. The prisoners freed by Russia reunited with their relatives on the tarmac at Kiev's Boryspil airport, surrounded by the press. The Ukrainian government has since published a list of the 35 prisoners released by Russia. It includes 24 Ukrainian sailors whom Russia detained off Crimea in November last year. They were captured along with three naval ships as they attempted to pass through the Kerch Strait, the only route to access to Ukrainian ports on the Sea of Azov. Shots were fired by the Russian navy during the operation, injuring several Ukrainians. In May an international tribunal ordered Russia to release the sailors and vessels. Ukrainian film-maker Oleg Sentsov, jailed for 20 years in 2015 for plotting terrorist acts in Crimea in a trial condemned as political by the US and EU, has also arrived home. He was considered Ukraine's number-one political prisoner in Russia. Roman Sushchenko, a Ukrainian journalist detained in Moscow in 2016 for what Russia described as "conducting espionage activities", was among those freed. Also on the list are two far-right Ukrainian activists, Mykola Karpyuk and Stanislav Klykh, both arrested in Russia in 2014. They were accused of fighting on the side of Chechen rebels in the first Chechen war in the 1990s and were later jailed. Russia has not officially confirmed the names of its freed citizens. But the most significant and controversial person Ukraine sent to Russia is Volodymyr Tsemakh, reportedly a commander of air defences for Russian-backed rebels in eastern Ukraine. Mr Tsemakh, 58, is a "person of interest" in the Dutch-led investigation into the 2014 shooting down over Ukraine of Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17, which led to the deaths of all 298 people on board. Also included is Yevgeny Mefedov, jailed over deadly clashes between pro-Russian groups and Ukrainian nationalists in the Black Sea port of Odessa in 2014. Russian-Ukrainian journalist Kyrylo Vyshynsky, accused of treason by Ukraine, was also heading home. Two former Ukrainian army soldiers who Ukraine says defected to Russia during the annexation of Crimea, Maksim Odintsov and Aleksandr Baranov, are also on the list. Why is Mr Tsemakh's inclusion on the list controversial? He is believed to have been a commander of air defences at Snizhne in the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic, one of the Russian-backed rebel areas in eastern Ukraine. Snizhne is close to where investigators say the missile which shot down the Malaysian Airlines plane in 2014 was fired. A team of international criminal investigators said in 2016 that the missile had been brought from Russia and fired from a field controlled by Russian-backed separatists. In a daring operation in June, Ukrainian special forces reportedly smuggled Mr Tsemakh out of rebel-held territory, and he had been due to stand trial in October. Although he is not a suspect, international prosecutors have said they would like him to remain in Ukraine so they can ask him further questions. Last week, they urged the authorities in Ukraine not to allow him to travel to Russia. However, in a court decision on Wednesday he was released from custody. The Dutch government said it was disappointed with the Ukrainian decision to send him to Russia. | রাশিয়া ও ইউক্রেনের মধ্যে দীর্ঘ প্রতীক্ষিত একটি বন্দি বিনিময় সম্পন্ন হয়েছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Jean-Jacques Savin, 71, left El Hierro in Spain's Canary Islands and hopes to reach the Caribbean in as little as three months. His reinforced capsule contains a sleeping bunk, kitchen and storage. He will drop markers along the way to help oceanographers study Atlantic currents. Updates on the journey are being posted on a Facebook page and the latest message said the barrel was "behaving well". In a telephone interview with AFP news agency, he said: "The weather is great. I've got a swell of one metre (3ft) and I'm moving at 2-3km/h... I've got favourable winds forecast until Sunday." Mr Savin is a former military paratrooper and has also worked as a park ranger and a pilot. He believes ocean currents alone will carry his resin-coated plywood vessel about 4,500km (2,800 miles) to the Caribbean. The barrel is 3m long and 2.10m wide with six square metres of living space. There is a porthole in the floor through which Mr Savin can watch passing fish. The capsule has been built to resist waves and potential attacks by orca whales. A solar panel generates power for communications and GPS positioning. His budget of €60,000 (£54,000; $68,000) was largely raised through crowdfunding. "Maybe Barbados, although I would really like it to be a French island like Martinique or Guadaloupe," he joked. "That would be easier for the paperwork and for bringing the barrel back." You may also like: His stores include a block of foie gras and a bottle of Sauternes white wine for New Year's Eve. He also has a bottle of red wine to celebrate his 72nd birthday on 14 January. The markers he drops along the way will help oceanographers from the JCOMMOPS international marine observatory to study currents. | পিপা সাইজের এক ক্যাপসুলে চড়ে ফ্রান্সের এক লোক অ্যাটলান্টিক মহাসাগর পাড়ি দিতে শুরু করেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The two states share a tense relationship, primarily over the disputed territory of Kashmir, which sparked two wars between the sides. Now a new song hopes to encourage tolerance - by uniting the countries' national anthems. The "peace anthem" features singers from both Pakistan and India. The pro-peace Facebook group Voice of Ram shared it online, and social media users from both countries have praised the song and the sentiment behind it. The video begins with the words, "When we open our borders to art, peace comes along." A series of artists then sing the Indian anthem Jana Gana Mana, and Pakistan's Pāk Sarzamīn - some from recording studios, others on location. The footage closes with the words, "Let's stand together for peace". An earlier video by Voice of Ram, posted on Facebook on 11 August, has already scored 468,000 views. It features an Indian a capella group, Voxchord, singing Pakistan's national anthem - which it calls "a song about faith, pride and grandeur, of power, progress and perfection". Pakistan's Dawn newspaper described it as a "surprise offering", that is "quite a treat to listen to". On Twitter, listeners seemed moved by the gesture. Filmmaker and activist Ram Subramanian, who heads Voice of Ram, told Indian site Catch News that he made the videos "because a lot of people are afraid to speak about peace, and it's an illogical fear". An upsurge of violence in the region and along the Line of Control - the boundary dividing contested Kashmir- has seen casualties over the last year. Nationalists on both sides have accused people advocating peace of betraying their countries' dead soldiers, or even of committing sedition. "To me, these videos mean a new beginning, another small step towards peace," Mr Subramanian said. Writing on Facebook from India, Kalpesh Patel commented: "Hope this goes viral in Pakistan. Some of us Indians care for peace. The best "independence" day gift both countries can give each other." Osama Farooqui from Karachi, Pakistan replied: "It has gone viral. Simply soulful and extremely peaceful listening to it. Love from Pakistan." | পাকিস্তানের ৭০ তম স্বাধীনতা দিবস আজ। আগামীকাল তার ঐতিহাসিক প্রতিপক্ষ ভারত পালন করবে নিজের ৭০ তম স্বাধীনতা দিবস। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Mr Naik, who lives in exile, is accused of acquiring $28m (£21m) worth of criminal assets, a claim he denies. Indian authorities have also accused him of spreading hate speech and inciting terrorism. Mr Naik, 53, promotes a radical form of Islam on the channel Peace TV. It is banned in India but has an estimated 200 million viewers worldwide. Broadcasting from Dubai, Peace TV is owned by the Islamic Research Foundation, a group headed by Mr Naik. Other countries have banned the channel - including Bangladesh, where it is accused of inspiring one of the gunmen behind a 2016 cafe attack in Dhaka in which 22 people were killed. India's Enforcement Directorate (ED), which investigates financial crimes, filed the charges against Mr Naik in a court in Mumbai on Thursday. It told the court that it had identified assets worth millions of dollars as proceeds of crime. Mr Naik's "inflammatory speeches and lectures have inspired and incited a number of Muslim youths in India to commit unlawful activities and terrorist acts", ED told the court. The agency has accused him of using funds from "dubious or suspicious sources" to buy property in India and finance events where he made "provocative speeches". z Mr Naik says the money was obtained legitimately. Who is Zakir Naik? Mr Naik's fundamentalist approach to religion has long been controversial. Many detained al-Qaeda followers have reportedly told officials that he was a huge influence on them. He was banned from entering the UK in 2010 for "unacceptable behaviour", and because of his speeches, by then-home secretary (and now Prime Minister) Theresa May. However, it was in July 2016 when he really came to international attention, after a deadly attack on the Holey Artisan cafe in Dhaka. The Bangladeshi media claimed that one of the gunmen had been inspired by his speeches. Later that month the Bangladeshi government banned Peace TV. In November 2016, India's counterterrorism agency filed an official complaint against Mr Naik, accusing him of promoting religious hatred and unlawful activity. Mr Naik moved to Malaysia in 2017. | ইসলাম ধর্ম বিষয়ক বিতর্কিত বক্তা জাকির নায়েকের বিরুদ্ধে অর্থ পাচারের অভিযোগ এনেছেন ভারতের কৌঁসুলিরা। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Ministers have also unveiled a £255m fund to help councils tackle emissions, including the potential for charging zones for the dirtiest vehicles. But the £3bn clean air strategy does not include a scrappage scheme, calling previous ones "poor value" for money. Local government leaders welcomed the funding but called for more detail. Local authorities will be given direct financial support from the government, with £40m of the fund being made immediately. They can use the funds for a range of measures, such as changing road layouts, implementing new technologies or encouraging residents on to public transport. If those measures do not cut emissions enough, charging zones could be the next step - but the government says these should only be used for "limited periods". The timetable for councils to come up with initial plans has been cut from 18 months to eight, with the Department for Environment, Farming and Rural Affairs (Defra) wanting to "inject additional urgency" into the process. It follows the government being given its own deadline of 31 July after High Court judges said it was failing to meet EU pollution limits. Other points include: Local Government Association environment spokesman Martin Tett said the plans to allow councils to switch their focus from monitoring air quality to improving air quality was the right move and welcomed the additional funding. However, he opposed the view of the government to hold off on a scrappage scheme, arguing "this immediate intervention could help increase the uptake of lower emission vehicles". Industry interests Ministers have been wary of being seen to "punish" drivers of diesel cars, who, they argue, bought the vehicles after being encouraged to by the last Labour government because they produced lower carbon emissions. The industry trade body, the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, said it was important to avoid outright bans on diesels, which would hurt the sector. SMMT chief executive Mike Hawes said demand for alternatively fuelled vehicles was growing but still at a very low level. "The industry instead wants a positive approach which gives consumers incentives to purchase these cars. We could undermine the UK's successful automotive sector if we don't allow enough time for the industry to adjust." The AA said significant investment would be needed to install charging points across the country and warned the National Grid would come under pressure with a mass switch-on of recharging after the rush hour. The UK announcement comes amid signs of an accelerating shift towards electric cars instead of petrol and diesel ones, at home and abroad: Analysis By Roger Harrabin, BBC environment analyst So how will the air be cleaned up? Plans for a diesel scrappage scheme for old vehicles have been rejected by the Treasury as poor value for money. They may be reconsidered in the autumn. The government has told councils to solve pollution on their own streets by improving public transport and considering restrictions on dirty diesel vehicles at peak times. If that doesn't work, councils will be told to charge diesel drivers to come into towns. The councils aren't happy to take the rap for the controversial policy when it was the government that encouraged the sale of diesel vehicles in the first place. Today's government plan is not comprehensive - it doesn't address pollution from construction, farming and gas boilers. And clean air campaigners say the government is using the 2040 electric cars announcement to distract from failings in its short-term pollution policy. Read more analysis from Roger Air pollution is thought to be linked to about 40,000 premature deaths a year in the UK, and transport also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. A government spokesman said poor air quality was "the biggest environmental risk" to public health in the UK. 2020s switch-over The measures are "good" in the long term but "not very effective" in the short, industry expert David Bailey said. A switch-over to electric cars would likely come in the mid-2020s, he predicted, when electric cars would out-compete petrol and diesel ones on factors like cost. "This sets a very clear direction of travel, but petrol and diesel cars won't exist by 2040," he said. He said more incentives were needed now, otherwise urban air quality would not improve. Emissions hotspots Environmental law firm ClientEarth welcomed the measures, but said it wanted to see more detail. Chief executive James Thornton said the law found ministers must bring down illegal levels of air pollution as soon as possible. Green Party MP Caroline Lucas welcomed a ban but said it did not go "nearly far enough or fast enough". Friends of the Earth said the plan was a "cynical" move which passed the buck of saving lives to local authorities. Labour said the government was only acting after being taken to court. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs spokeswoman Sue Hayman MP said the government had a "squeamish" attitude to clear air zones, and was shunting the problem on to local authorities. "With nearly 40 million people living in areas with illegal levels of air pollution, action is needed now, not in 23 years' time," she said. | বায়ু দূষণ মোকাবেলায় যুক্তরাজ্যে ডিজেল ও পেট্রোলচালিত নতুন যানবাহন ২০৪০ সাল থেকে নিষিদ্ধ করার পরিকল্পনা করেছে দেশটির সরকার। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Major Leetul Gogoi is accused of tying a local man to a jeep to stop protesters throwing stones at his convoy. An investigation was ordered after the incident in April, footage of which spread widely online. The army said the award was not linked to the jeep incident. "Major Gogoi has been awarded [the] chief of army staff's commendation card for [his] sustained efforts in counter-insurgency operations," the PTI news agency quoted army spokesperson Colonel Aman Anand as saying. The video of the jeep incident went viral, with many terming the act "inhumane". The army said the inquiry was continuing. The brother of the man tied to the jeep called the award a "mockery". Speaking to the Indian Express, he said of his brother: "He has confined himself to his room. Had this kind of an incident taken place elsewhere then justice would have been done." The region saw fresh clashes in April between troops and protesters amid attempts to hold a by-election. Local protesters hurled stones at security forces, who were accused of opening fire into the crowds. A viral video of a group of Kashmiris heckling a soldier has also contributed to anti-Kashmiri sentiment in the rest of the country. There has been an armed revolt in the Muslim-majority region against rule by India since 1989. High unemployment and complaints of heavy-handed tactics by security forces battling street protesters and fighting insurgents have aggravated the problem. | ভারত-শাসিত কাশ্মীরে সেনাবাহিনী একজন স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাকে তাদের জিপের সঙ্গে বেঁধে মানবঢাল হিসেবে ব্যবহার করছে, এই ভিডিও তুমুল আলোড়ন তোলার পর রাজ্যের পুলিশ সোমবার সেনা কর্তৃপক্ষের বিরুদ্ধে এফআইআর দায়ের করেছে। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Abid HussainBBC Urdu, Islamabad It was a position that some thought he would never achieve: his 2018 election victory came after a two-decade long struggle, large portions of which were spent in the political wilderness. And yet he persevered, brushing off allegations that the country's powerful military, which has ruled Pakistan on and off since independence, was interfering behind the scenes to the benefit of his PTI party. This perception, and the myriad challenges facing Pakistan, has meant that Mr Khan's first year in power has been anything but smooth sailing. Critics charge that he has presented one face to the world and a very different one within Pakistan. But what has he done? Yes we Khan? With an election campaign centred on populist, anti-corruption rhetoric, with a vow to usher in a "New Pakistan", Khan promised his supporters "Tabdeeli" (change) in an almost Obama-esque fashion. His biggest challenge was to save an economy facing a balance of payments crisis. Within the first eight months, he had made visits to long-time allies Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and China, securing $9bn (£7.3bn) in loans to shore up the economy. But the crisis refused to go away: growth continued to slow, the rupee plummeted and inflation rose beyond 10%, the first time it had hit double-digits since 2013. With economic woes mounting, Imran Khan had no choice but to make a U-turn on his campaign promise that he'd rather die than seek an International Monetary Fund (IMF) bailout. In July, an agreement was reached with the IMF for a $6bn package, the country's 13th IMF bailout since the 1980s. Uzair Younus, a South Asia expert at the US-based Albright Stonebridge Group, said that the biggest indictment of the PTI government's economic performance was its lack of policy planning. "They have set very ambitious tax revenue targets but the moment they fail to meet those targets, the whole house of cards will come down," he said. But Fawad Chaudhry, the Federal Minister for Science and Technology, told the BBC that the government was "doing our job". "We have a dedicated team in place for economy and we are aware that the next elections will be dependent upon the state of economy," he said. He conceded that economic conditions had meant the government had been able to provide little relief to the PTI's core middle-class voter base. According to a BBC Urdu analysis, the Khan government has to date only achieved three out of 34 pledges made when it came to power. Mr Chaudhry singled out a new e-visa regime as a key achievement. Diplomat-in-chief In his first televised speech after winning the election, PM Khan offered his country's arch-rival an olive branch, declaring: "If India takes one step towards us; we will take two steps toward them." To prove his point, he quickly ordered the development of Kartarpur Corridor, which represents a rare instance of co-operation between Pakistan and India and will allow Sikh pilgrims from India to visit a holy site in Pakistan. But the conciliatory words did not last long. In February, the two neighbours came to the brink of war when India launched air strikes within Pakistan, aiming at what it alleged was a training camp for militants that had carried out attacks in Kashmir. Pakistan then hit back, gunning down an Indian plane and detaining the pilot. Tensions soared but after 48 hours Imran Khan decided to release the pilot as a gesture of conciliation, earning plaudits and what appeared to be a diplomatic win over India's nationalist PM Narendra Modi. Later in the year, against all expectations, the Pakistani leader shared great camaraderie with Russian President Putin whom he met in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. He then got coveted camera time at the White House during a visit in July where President Trump called him a "great athlete and very popular". While in Washington, he also met congressional leaders, gave interviews to the US media and said all the right things on the think tank circuit. But observers question what benefits have flowed from Mr Khan's charm offensives abroad. "Will the US become friendlier with Pakistan and resume giving aid?" asked poltiical analyst Suhail Warraich. "Will Russia's behaviour change towards Pakistan on policy level? What are the substantial gains from these meetings?" A crackdown at home While portraying a progressive, and even endearing image of himself and the country during his foreign visits, the Imran Khan that Pakistanis see is a different political animal. At speeches and public rallies, he is combative and often rails against previous governments, accusing them of corruption and bringing the country to the brink of disaster. At the last count, at least 13 top opposition politicians are behind bars on charges of corruption, including three-time PM Nawaz Sharif, his daughter Maryam Nawaz and former President Asif Zardari. The Khan government is accused of hounding its opponents but insists it has no role in anti-corruption cases. "There is no witch-hunt," said Mr Chaudhry. More ominously, say activists, there has been an insidious clampdown on freedom of expression and dissent since Imran Khan took power. International press freedom group Reporters without Borders has complained of an "alarming decline in the state of press freedom in Pakistan" and asked Mr Khan to take urgent measures. Reema Omer, a lawyer associated with International Commission of Jurists, said the government had been more oppressive than even its strongest critics had feared. "Red lines on what can and cannot be reported are increasing by the day," she said. "The space for even questioning the government's narrative on certain issues is rapidly shrinking." Professor Ahsan Butt, of the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University, questioned whether Mr Khan - a man who long ago shed the image of a playboy liberal - was fully behind the crackdown. "[The crackdown] has been primarily led by the military and intelligence agencies. Imran Khan has either been wilful participant in that or at worst; he has just looked the other way and not tried to stop it," he said. Considering the historical imbalance between the civilian executive and the military establishment in Pakistan, some observers remain deeply sceptical about who is calling the shots. Army Chief Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa has just had his term extended for another three years, despite being set to retire in November. "Imran Khan is in power with the help and blessings of the military and he knows that," said Professor Sameen Mohsin of the Lahore University of Management Sciences. "To that degree, they are indeed on the same page. I don't think he's really in complete control of decision making." Such questions have dogged Mr Khan throughout his first year in office - and there is little chance he will be able to bat them away any time soon. | ক্রিকেট সুপারস্টার থেকে রাজনীতিবিদ হয়ে ওঠা ইমরান খান, তার ক্ষমতা গ্রহণের প্রথম বছরটি বেশ আলোড়নময়। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent It all began, she said, with her father inviting friends home for drinks. The inebriated men would tease and grope her in front of her parents. Sometimes, she said, the men would disappear into their single, musty bedroom with her mother. Then one day, the girl recounted, her father pushed her into the bedroom with one of his friends and locked the door from outside. The man raped her. Childhood soon became a nightmare. Her father would call up men, booking their time with his daughter, and taking money from them. Counsellors believe the girl was raped by at least 30 men since then. On 20 September, acting on a tip-off from teachers, child welfare officers rescued the girl from her school and took her to a shelter home. A medical examination confirmed rape, according to child welfare officials. Four men, including her father, have been arrested in connection with the case. They have been charged with rape, using a child for pornographic purposes and sexual assault. All have been denied bail. Police are looking for five more men known to the father who also allegedly raped and sexually abused the girl. Investigators have a list of names and photographs of some 25 men known to the family that they have been showing to the girl. "I don't remember any faces. It's all a blur," she told them. The family lived in a fairly prosperous town in southern India known for its lush hills, clean air and freshwater streams. But the good fortunes of their hometown seemed to have passed her family by. On that day in September, the school received word from a couple of teachers who lived in the same neighbourhood as the girl. "There's something wrong with her family and something is going on in her house. Try talking to her," they said. The school management immediately called a counsellor from a women's assistance group. Next morning, the counsellor arrived. They sat face-to-face in the staff room. Upstairs, her mother, unaware of what was going on, attended a routine parent-teacher meeting. "Tell me," the counsellor said to the girl, "about your family and your life." They spoke for four hours. The girl said she was having a tough time at home because her father was jobless. The family could be evicted at any time for not paying rent, she said, and began sobbing. Then she grew silent. The counsellor told her about the gender classes in her school and how child abuse was common. "Something is happening in my home also. My father is abusing my mother," the girl interjected. The counsellor asked if she could share some details. She said she had once been assaulted by a man who had come to see her mother. Her mother had admonished the man. But then many men came to see her mother when she was away in school, she said. More and more men began coming to her home. After late drinking sessions, they would sexually abuse her, she said. The counsellor asked her whether she knew about contraceptives which helped avoid pregnancy and diseases. "No, no, we use condoms," the girl said. That was the first time, halfway into the conversation, she admitted to having sex. After that she told the harrowing story of a lost childhood. "Men would come and take my mother into the bedroom. I thought this was normal. And then my father pushed me into the room with strangers," she said. Sometimes her father forced her to take nude pictures of herself and send them to the men who visited her. Earlier this year, she said, her parents panicked after she missed her periods for three months. They took her to a doctor, who ordered an ultrasound test and prescribed some medicines. By now, the counsellor was convinced that the girl was a victim of serial rape. She called in child welfare officers, and told the girl they were taking her to a shelter home. She appeared to be unfazed. Her mother, coming out of her meeting with the teachers, saw her daughter being taken into a car and screamed. "How can you take my daughter away?" The counsellor told her they were taking her away because she had "some emotional problems" and needed counselling. "Who are you to counsel my daughter without my permission?" Her daughter was already on her way to the home. For the past two months, she has been living there with other girls - all victims of sexual abuse. India has a shameful record in the sexual abuse of children. The majority of abuses are committed by people known to victims, such as relatives, neighbours and employers, according to official records. In 2017, the most recent year for which data is available, there were 10,221 rapes of children recorded in India. Crimes against children in the country have been steadily rising in recent years. Counsellors say horrific stories such as this one are not uncommon. At the shelter where the girl has been staying, there are three girls, aged between 12 and 16, who have been sexually abused by their father. A counsellor said she had helped transport a heavily pregnant 15-year-old girl - who had been raped by her father - to her exam hall. "When we asked the girl to surrender the child when it was born, she said, 'Why should I give away my child? This is my father's child. I will bring up the child,'" the counsellor said. At the shelter, the girl featured in this article slept endlessly for the first few days. Then she scribbled notes on how much she loved her Amma (mother). Her mother says her daughter "made up this story [of sexual exploitation] because she had been fighting with us and wanted to teach us a lesson". There was a time, her mother said, when things were not so bad. Her husband sometimes used to make up to 1,000 rupees (about $14; £11) a day in his job. Now she is the only occupant of an empty house - her husband in prison awaiting trial, her daughter in a shelter. "I am a caring mother. She needs me," the girl's mother told the BBC. The paint is peeling from the grimy walls. In her absence, the walls are where her daughter's memories live. "She would draw and scribble on the walls. That's all that she did," her mother said. "Friends. If I could openly express my innermost feelings then it would be an achievement in itself," the girl had written on paper and pasted on a door. A few months ago, mother and daughter had a fight. When the girl got back from school, she took some blue pastel, drew the picture of a palm tree and house with a chimney spewing smoke on the front door. It was what a lot of girls at her age would draw from imagination. Then she wrote a note of apology hurriedly on the door and went out. "Sorry Amma," the girl wrote. Read more from Soutik Biswas | দু বছর ধরে প্রতি সপ্তাহান্তে ধর্ষণ করা হয়েছে মেয়েটিকে। বারো বছর বয়সের মেয়েটি এ তথ্য জানিয়েছে তার কাউন্সেলরদের। এই ধর্ষণকারীদের অনেকেই তার বাবার পরিচিত। অপরিচিতও কেউ কেউ। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Prof Hawking's 1966 work proved so popular on the day of its release it crashed the publications section of Cambridge University's website. More than 500,000 people have also tried to download the paper, titled "Properties of expanding universes". Dr Arthur Smith, from the university, called the figures "monumental". "This is far and away the most accessed item we have in the university's Apollo repository," Dr Smith, deputy head of scholarly communication, said. "I'd hazard a guess that Prof Hawking's PhD thesis is also the most accessed item from any research repository ever. We've never seen numbers like this before." Factfile: Stephen Hawking Prof Hawking wrote the 134-page document as a 24-year-old postgraduate student while studying at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. The astrophysicist, who has been at Cambridge University since 1962, would later go on to write A Brief History of Time, one of the most influential scientific works ever. Since it went live at 00:01 BST on Monday, the PhD has been accessed about two million times by about 800,000 unique browsers "from every corner of the globe", according to the university. The next most read PhD thesis has received just 7,960 downloads in 2017. Previously, to read Hawking's PhD in full, people had to pay £65 to the university library to scan a copy or physically go to the library to read it. Cambridge University hopes to encourage its other former academics to make their work available to the public, like Prof Hawking has. Dr Smith added: "Locking knowledge and information behind closed doors benefits no-one." | বিজ্ঞানী স্টিফেন হকিংএর পিএইচডি থিসিস অনলাইনে প্রকাশ করার পর মাত্র কয়েক দিনে তা দেখেছেন ২০ লক্ষেরও বেশি লোক - বলা হচ্ছে, কোন গবেষণাপত্র নিয়ে এত লোকের আগ্রহী হয়ে ওঠা এর আগে আর কখনোই দেখা যায় নি। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Cindy SuiBBC World Service At weekends Jingzhi and her husband would take their toddler Mao Yin to the zoo, or to one of the many parks in their city, Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi province in central China. And one of these outings has always remained especially vivid in her memory. "He was about one-and-a-half years old at the time. We took him to the Xi'an City zoo. He saw a worm on the ground. He was very curious and pointed to the worm saying 'Mama, worm!' And as I carried him out of the zoo, he had the worm in his hand and put it close to my face," Jingzhi says. Mao Yin was her only child - China's one-child policy was in full swing, so there was no question of having more. She wanted him to study hard and be successful, so she nicknamed him Jia Jia, meaning "great". "Jia Jia was a very well-behaved, smart, obedient, and sensible child. He didn't like to cry. He was very lively and adorable. He was the kind of child that everyone liked when they saw him," Jingzhi says. She and her husband would drop him off at a kindergarten in the morning and pick him up after work. "Every day, after leaving work I played with my child," Jingzhi says. "I was very happy." Jingzhi worked for a grain exporting company and at harvest time she would have to leave town for several days to visit suppliers in the countryside. Jia Jia would stay at home with his dad. On one such trip, she received a message from her employers telling her to come back urgently. "At that time, telecommunications weren't very advanced," Jingzhi says. "So all I got was a telegram with six words on it: 'Emergency at home; return right away.' I didn't know what had happened." She hurried back to Xi'an, where a manager gave her devastating news. "Our leader said one sentence: 'Your son is missing,'" Jingzhi says. "My mind went blank. I thought perhaps he had got lost. It didn't occur to me that I wouldn't be able to find him." This was October 1988, and Jia Jia was two years and eight months old. Jingzhi's husband explained that he had picked up Jia Jia from the kindergarten and stopped on the way home to get him a drink of water from a small hotel owned by the family. He had left the child for just one or two minutes to cool the water, and when he turned round Jia Jia was gone. Jingzhi assumed he would quickly be found. "I thought perhaps my son was lost and couldn't find his way home and that kind-hearted people would find him and bring him back to me," she says. But when a week had passed, and no-one had taken him to a police station, she knew the situation was serious. She began asking if anyone had seen Jia Jia in the neighbourhood of the hotel. She printed 100,000 flyers with his picture on them and handed them out around Xi'an's railway and bus stations, and placed missing person adverts in local newspapers. All without success. "My heart hurt... I wanted to cry. I wanted to scream," says Jingzhi. "I felt as though my heart had been emptied." She would cry when she saw her missing son's clothes, his little shoes and the toys he used to play with. At the time, Jingzhi was unaware that child-trafficking was a problem in China. The one-child policy had been introduced in 1979 in an attempt to control the size of China's rapidly growing population and alleviate poverty. Couples living in cities could have only one child, while those in rural areas could have a second if the first was a girl. Couples who wanted a son to carry on the family surname and take care of them in old age could no longer keep trying for a boy; they would face stiff fines and their additional children would be denied social benefits. The policy is believed to have contributed to a rise in the number of child abductions, especially of boys. But Jingzhi knew nothing about this. "Sometimes on TV, there would be notices about missing children, but I never thought that they had been abducted and sold. I just thought they were lost," she says. Her first instinct, on learning about Jia Jia's disappearance, was to blame her husband. Then she realised that they should work together to find their son. As time went on, though, their obsession meant that they rarely talked about anything else, and after four years they divorced. But Jingzhi never stopped searching. Every Friday afternoon when she had finished work she would take the train to surrounding provinces to look for Jia Jia, coming home on Sunday evening ready to return to work on Monday morning. Whenever she had a lead - news about a boy who looked like Jia Jia, perhaps - she would go and investigate. On one longer-than-usual trip in the same year that Jia Jia vanished, she took a long-distance bus to another town in Shaanxi, and then a bus into the countryside in search of a couple said to have adopted a boy from Xi'an who looked just like Jia Jia. But after waiting until evening for the villagers to return from the fields, she learned that the couple had taken the boy to Xi'an. So she rushed straight back again, arriving in the early hours of the morning. Then she spent hours looking for the flat the couple was renting, only to find out from the landlord that they had left two days earlier for another town. So she hurried to that town and when she got there, again at night, spent hours going from one hotel to another, trying to track them down. When she finally found the right hotel, the couple had already checked out. Even then she didn't give up. Although it was now already the middle of the night again, she travelled to another town to find the husband's parents, but the couple wasn't there. She wanted to go straight to the wife's home town, but by this stage she had gone more than two days without sleeping properly or having a decent meal. After resting, she set off and found the woman and the child. But to her great disappointment, the boy wasn't her son. "I thought for sure this child was Jia Jia. I was very disappointed. It had a huge impact on me. Afterwards, I kept hearing my son's voice. My mum was worried I would have a mental breakdown," Jingzhi says. Her son was the first thing she thought about when she woke up each morning, and at night she dreamed he was crying "Mama, mama!" - as he had before, whenever she left his side. On the advice of a former classmate who was a doctor, she checked herself into a hospital. "A doctor said something that had a big impact on me. He told me: 'I can treat you for your physical illnesses, but as for the illness in your heart, that's up to you.' His words made me think all that night. I felt I couldn't go on like this. If I didn't try to control my emotions, I might really go crazy. If I became insane, I wouldn't be able to go out to look for my child and one day if my child came back and saw a crazy mother, it would be so pitiful for him," Jinghzi says. From that point onwards she made a conscious effort to avoid getting upset, and to concentrate all her energy on the search. Meanwhile, Jingzhi's sister packed away all of Jia Jia's clothes and toys into a box, as the sight of them was causing Jingzhi so much heartbreak. Around this time, Jingzhi became aware there were many parents whose children had gone missing, not just in Xi'an but further afield, and she began working with them. They formed a network spanning most provinces in China. They sent big bags of fliers to each other and posted them in the provinces they were responsible for. The network also generated many more leads, though sadly none brought Jia Jia any closer. Altogether, Jingzhi visited 10 Chinese provinces on her search. When her son had already been missing for 19 years, Jingzhi began volunteer work with the website, Baby Come Home, which helps reunite families with their missing children. "I no longer felt lonely. There were so many volunteers helping us find our children - I felt very touched by this," Jingzhi says. There was another benefit too: "I thought even if my child is not found, I can help other children find their home." Then in 2009, the Chinese government set up a DNA database, where couples who have lost a child and children who suspect they may have been abducted can register their DNA. This was a big step forward, and has helped solve thousands of cases. Most of the missing children Jingzhi hears about are male. The couples who buy them are childless, or have daughters but no sons, and most of them come from the countryside. Through her work with Baby Come Home and other organisations over the past two decades, Jingzhi has helped connect 29 children with their parents. She says it's hard to describe the feelings she went through when she witnessed these reunions. "I would ask myself: 'Why couldn't this be my son?' But when I saw the other parents hugging their child, I felt happy for them. I also felt that if they could have this day, I definitely could have this day too. I felt hopeful. Seeing their child go back to them, I had hope that one day my child would return to me," Jingzhi says. There have been times, though, when she has almost lost hope. "Every time a lead turned out to be nothing, I felt very disappointed," she says. "But I didn't want to keep feeling disappointed. If I had kept feeling disappointed, it would've been hard for me to keep living. So I maintained hope to continue living." Her elderly mother also served as a reminder to keep looking for her son. "My mum died in 2015 at the age of 94, but before she passed away she still really really missed Jia Jia. Once my mother told me she dreamed that Jia Jia came back. She said: 'It's been nearly 30 years, he should return,'" Jingzhi says. When her mother fell unconscious shortly before her death, Jingzhi guessed she was thinking of her grandson. "I whispered in my mother's ear: 'Mum, don't worry, I will definitely find Jia Jia,'" she says. "It wasn't just to fulfil my own wish, I wanted to fulfil my mother's wish and find Jia Jia. My mother passed away in 2015 on 15 January, on the lunar calendar - that's Jia Jia's birthday. I felt that it was God's way of reminding me to not forget the mother who gave birth to me and the son I gave birth to. On the same day one passed away and one was born." Then on 10 May this year - Mother's Day - she got a call from Xi'an's Public Security Bureau with the amazing news: "Mao Yin has been found." "I didn't dare to believe it was real," Jingzhi says. In April, someone had given her a lead about a man who was taken from Xi'an many years ago. That person provided a picture of this boy as an adult. Jingzhi gave the picture to the police, and they used facial recognition technology to identify him as a man living in Chengdu City, in neighbouring Sichuan province, about 700km away. The police then convinced him to take a DNA test. It was on 10 May that the result came back as a match. The following week, police took blood samples to do a new round of DNA tests and the results proved beyond any doubt that they were mother and son. "It was when I got the DNA results that I really believed that my son had really been found," Jingzhi says. After 32 years and more than 300 false leads the search was finally over. Monday 18 May was chosen as the day for their reunion. Jingzhi was nervous. She wasn't sure how her son would feel about her. He was now a grown man, married, and running his own interior decoration business. "Before the meeting, I had a lot of worries. Perhaps he wouldn't recognise me, or wouldn't accept me, and perhaps in his heart he had forgotten me. I was very afraid that when I went to embrace my son, my son wouldn't accept my embrace. I felt that would make me feel even more hurt, that the son I had been searching for, for 32 years, wouldn't accept the love and hug I give him," Jingzhi says. Because of her frequent appearances on television to talk about the problem of missing children, her case had become well-known and the media was excited about reporting the story. On the day of the reunion, China Central Television (CCTV) ran a live broadcast which showed Jia Jia walking into the ceremony hall at the Xi'an Public Security Bureau, calling out "Mother!" as he ran into her arms. Mother, son and father all wept together. "That's exactly the way he used to run towards me when he was a child," Jingzhi says. Jingzhi learned later that Jia Jia had been sold to a childless couple in Sichuan province for 6,000 yuan (£690/$840 in today's money) one year after he was abducted. His adoptive parents renamed him Gu Ningning and raised him as their only child. He attended elementary school, middle school and college in Chengdu city. Ironically, he had seen Jingzhi on television a few years earlier, and thought she was a warm-hearted person. He also thought the picture of her son she showed looked like him when he was a child. But he didn't make the connection. As for who gave Jingzhi the lead about her son's whereabouts, that person prefers to remain anonymous. After their reunion, Jia Jia spent a month in Xi'an, taking turns staying with his birth mother and father. During this time, mother and son spent time looking at old photos, which both of them had hoped would awaken Jia Jia's memory of his childhood before he went missing. But sadly for them, Jia Jia doesn't remember anything that happened to him before the age of four, when he went to live with his adoptive parents. "This is something that makes my heart ache," Jingzhi says. "After my son came back, he also wanted to find an image or memory of the life he had when he was still with me, but as of now, he still hasn't found it." Jingzhi also realised, on a visit to a scenic spot in Xi'an, that it is impossible to relive the past. "That day we went to the mountains and on the way down I said, 'Jia Jia, let Mama carry you.' But I couldn't carry him. He was too big. "I felt if he could return to my side, we could start all over again from when he was a child, we could fill this 32-year gap. I said to my son: 'Jia Jia can you shrink back to the way you were before? You start at age two years and eight months and Mama will start at age 28 - let's relive our lives all over again.'" But Jingzhi knows that in reality this is impossible. Jia Jia continues to live in Chengdu while Jingzhi still lives in Xi'an. Many people have suggested that she should persuade him to return to Xi'an to be by her side, but even though she would love for this to happen, she says she doesn't want to make his life more complicated. "He's a grown-up now. He has his own way of thinking. He has his own life. Jia Jia has got married and has his own family. So I can only wish him well, from a distance. I know where my son is. I know he's still alive. That's enough." They are able, anyway, to communicate daily on China's popular social media app, Wechat. "My son's personality is very similar to mine. He thinks of me a lot and I think of him a lot," Jingzhi says. "After all these years, he's still so loving towards me. It feels as if we hadn't been separated. We are very close." Jia Jia prefers not to be interviewed and police are not revealing information about his adoptive parents. As for who took Jia Jia away 32 years ago and how they did it, Jingzhi says she hopes the police will work it out. She wants to see the culprits punished for putting her through 32 years of anguish, and changing her life and Jia Jia's. She is now busy creating new memories with her long-lost son. They've taken many pictures together since their reunion. Her favourite picture is the first they took together, the day after their reunion, when they spent time alone in a park. In the picture, mother and son stand side by side, looking like exact replicas of each other, overjoyed finally to be reunited. Jingzhi says in the past few years thanks to the efforts of the Chinese government and the Chinese media to publicise the problem, the number of child abduction cases has fallen. But there are still many families looking for their missing children and many grown children looking for their birth parents. And this means there is more work for Jingzhi to do. "I will continue to help people find their families," she says. Photographs courtesy of Li Jingzhi unless otherwise indicated Li Jingzhi was interviewed by Emily Webb for Outlook on the BBC World Service (producer Deiniol Buxton) You may also be interested in: Kati Pohler was abandoned in a market in China when she was three days old. Her parents left a note saying they would meet her on a famous bridge 10 or 20 years later. When the time arrived, it became a huge story in China, but Kati was living in America and had no idea. This is how she finally met her biological family. | লি জিংঝি তিন দশকের বেশি সময় ধরে তার ছেলেকে খুঁজে বেরিয়েছেন। তার ছেলে মাও ইনকে ১৯৮৮ সালে অপহরণের পর বিক্রি করে দেয়া হয়েছিল। তিনি আর কোনদিন ছেলের দেখা পাবেন, এমন আশা ছেড়ে দিয়েছিলেন। কিন্তু গত মে মাসে একদিন তিনি একটি ফোন কল পেলেন, যেটির জন্য তিনি ৩২ বছর ধরে অপেক্ষা করেছেন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Andreas IllmerBBC News Japanese fans certainly had reason to go wild on Tuesday night. Their side won their opening game, beating Colombia 2-1, and securing the team's first victory against a South American side. But after the team swept Colombia off the pitch, Japanese fans also did their share of sweeping: meticulously cleaning up their rows and seats in the stadium. Equipped with large rubbish bags they brought along, the fans marched through the rows picking up rubbish, to leave the place just as neat as they had found it. And not for the first time - supporters of the "Samurai Blue" have never failed to stick to their good manners. "It's not just part of the football culture but part of Japanese culture," Japan-based football journalist Scott McIntyre told the BBC. He is in Russia following the team and was not at all surprised by the somewhat different nature of Samurai Blue fans. "You often hear people say that football is a reflection of culture. An important aspect of Japanese society is making sure that everything is absolutely clean and that's the case in all sporting events and certainly also in football." More on the World Cup from the BBC: A habit built from childhood Senegal fans have in fact been seen doing the same at this year's World Cup - but it's the Japanese who pioneered it and are now famous for it. It is something that comes as a surprise to many foreigners attending matches in Japan. "They might leave a bottle or some kind of food package on the ground and then it's often the case that people get tapped on the shoulder by Japanese people indicating they should clean up or take it home but can't leave it there," Mr McIntyre says. It's a habit drilled into Japanese people from early childhood. "Cleaning up after football matches is an extension of basic behaviours that are taught in school, where the children clean their school classrooms and hallways," explains Scott North, professor of sociology at Osaka University. "With constant reminders throughout childhood, these behaviours become habits for much of the population." What do fans make of the fact their post-match cleaning spree becomes a regular hit on social media? If anything, they're proud. "In addition to their heightened consciousness of the need to be clean and to recycle, cleaning up at events like the World Cup is a way Japanese fans demonstrate pride in their way of life and share it with the rest of us," explains Prof North. "What better place to make a statement about the need to care responsibly for the planet than the World Cup?" he adds. It doesn't mean that there is any more or less passion, insists Mr McIntyre. It's simply that passion doesn't slip into neglect of basic rules of behaviour let alone violence. "I know it may sound bland and boring, but this is the reality of a country that's built on respect and politeness," he laughs. "And this simply extends to doing respectful things in football." "I think it's a wonderful thing that the World Cup brings so many nations and people together and get to learn and exchange these kinds of things. That's the beauty of football." | বিশ্বকাপে উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ কোন ম্যাচ শেষ হওয়ার পর গ্যালারির আসনগুলোতে সাধারণত উচ্ছিষ্ট খাবার, গ্লাস, কাপ, বোতল, প্লাস্টিক ও কাগজের ঠোঙ্গা বা প্যাকেট ইত্যাদি আবর্জনা ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে পড়ে থাকে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | "To all of those who have asked, I will not be going to the Inauguration on January 20th," the president tweeted. The president-elect welcomed the news, calling Mr Trump's absence "a good thing". Mr Trump is facing calls for his removal from office after five people died when a mob of his supporters invaded Congress. The president was not fit to serve in the White House, Mr Biden said. But he said he would happy for Vice-President Mike Pence to attend the inauguration. The latest death is that of US Capitol Police officer Brian Sicknick, who succumbed to his injuries in hospital. The FBI and Washington police will jointly investigate his death, although they have not yet said whether it will be treated as murder. Wednesday's violence came hours after Mr Trump encouraged his supporters to fight against the election results as Congress was certifying Mr Biden's victory in the November vote. Under pressure, Mr Trump released a recorded statement late on Thursday condemning the storming of the US Capitol as a "heinous attack". How unusual is Trump's snub of the inauguration? It is highly unusual but not unprecedented: the last president to skip the inauguration of his successor was Andrew Johnson, in 1869. Mr Trump has now admitted defeat in the 3 November election and has promised a peaceful transfer of power. However, he has repeated baseless claims of widespread voter fraud. Meanwhile, House Democrats plan to introduce articles of impeachment next Monday accusing the outgoing president of incitement of insurrection. Nearly 160 House Democrats have signed on to the bill, which was drafted by congressmen Ted Lieu of California and David Cicilline of Rhode Island while they were sheltering in place during Wednesday's chaos at the Capitol. If the House votes to pass an impeachment, proceedings would move to the Senate. But there is so far no sign that the two-thirds of votes required to convict the president can be found in the Republican-controlled upper chamber. The White House responded in a statement: "A politically motivated impeachment against a President with 12 days remaining in his term will only serve to further divide our great country." House Speaker Nancy Pelosi previously said her preference was for Mr Trump to be removed using the 25th Amendment, which allows the vice-president to step up if the president is unable to perform his duties owing to a mental or physical illness. But there is no sign of the support from the vice-president and cabinet members needed to trigger this constitutional process. Time is tight, with just 12 days remaining in Mr Trump's presidential term. On Friday, Mrs Pelosi said she had spoken to the top US military official, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to prevent Mr Trump from accessing US nuclear codes. Separately, one of Mrs Pelosi's staff members revealed that a laptop had been stolen from her office during the mob invasion of Congress. Trump's announcement that he will not attend Joe Biden's inauguration, breaking with a long American tradition, should not come as a huge surprise. He only recently, and reluctantly, acknowledged his presidential defeat, after months of unfounded allegations that a landslide electoral victory had been stolen from him. The terse message, posted on Twitter, will undercut the president's call for "healing and reconciliation" made in the White House video he released last night. It suggests Trump, far from being at peace with his defeat, still harbours the kind of anger and resentment he has displayed in recent days. He will not graciously welcome the Bidens to Washington as part of his promised "smooth, orderly and seamless transition of power". He may not even be anywhere near Washington when they arrive. Instead, scripted Trump and Twitter Trump reveal two very different attitudes. Already, Trump has tweeted about the "giant voice" his supporters will continue to have. The question is whether Trump is writing a coda to his presidency or just clearing his throat. | ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন, তিনি আগামী ২০শে জানুয়ারি অনুষ্ঠেয় পরবর্তী প্রেসিডেন্ট জো বাইডেনের শপথ গ্রহণের অনুষ্ঠানে যাবেন না। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The deal, agreed on Sunday via video conference, is the largest cut in oil production ever to have been agreed. Opec+, made up of oil producers and allies including Russia, announced plans for the deal on 9 April, but Mexico resisted the cuts. Opec has yet to announce the deal, but individual nations have confirmed it. The only detail to have been confirmed so far is that 9.7 million barrels per day will be cut by Opec oil producers and allies. On Monday in Asia, oil rose over $1 a barrel in early trading with global benchmark Brent up 3.9% to $32.71 a barrel and US grade West Texas Intermediate up 6.1% to $24.15 a barrel. Shares in Australia jumped 3.46% led by energy exporters, but Japan's Nikkei 225 fell 1.35% on continued concerns of poor global demand because of the spread of the coronavirus. "This is an unprecedented agreement because it's not just between Opec and Opec+... but also the largest supplier in the world which is the US as well as other G-20 countries which have agreed to support the agreement both in reducing production and also in using up some of the surface supply by putting it into storage," Sandy Fielden, director of Oil Research at research firm Morningstar, told the BBC. US President Donald Trump and Kuwait's energy minister Dr Khaled Ali Mohammed al-Fadhel tweeted the news, while Saudi Arabia's energy ministry and Russia's state news agency Tass both separately confirmed the deal on Sunday. "By the grace of Allah, then with wise guidance, continuous efforts and continuous talks since the dawn of Friday, we now announce the completion of the historic agreement to reduce production by approximately 10 million barrels of oil per day from members of 'OPEC +' starting from 1 May 2020," wrote Dr al-Fadhel in a tweet. Global oil demand is estimated to have fallen by a third as more than three billion people are locked down in their homes due to the coronavirus outbreak. Prior to that, oil prices slumped in March to an 18-year-low after Opec+ failed to agree cuts. Talks were complicated by disagreements between Russia and Saudi Arabia, but on 2 April oil prices surged after President Trump signalled that he expected the two countries to end their feud. The initial details of the deal, outlined by Opec+ on Thursday, would have seen the group and its allies cutting 10 million barrels a day or 10% of global supply from 1 May. Another five million barrels were expected to be cut by other nations outside the group such as the US, Canada, Brazil and Norway. It said the cuts would be eased to eight million barrels a day between July and December. Then they would be eased again to six million barrels between January 2021 and April 2022. 'A rehashed deal' Independent oil market analyst Gaurav Sharma told the BBC that the deal agreed on Sunday was "marginally lower", compared to the 10 million barrels per day that was originally announced on Thursday. Mexico had balked at making these production cuts, which delayed the deal being signed off. Then on Friday, Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador said that Mr Trump had offered to make extra US cuts on his behalf, an unusual offer by the US president, who has long railed against Opec. Mr Trump said Washington would help Mexico by picking up "some of the slack" and being reimbursed later, but he did not detail how the arrangement would work. "Now a rehashed deal placating Mexico has resurfaced to calm the market, yet, look closer and the doubts surface," Mr Sharma said. "The bulk of the output cuts are predicated on Russia and Saudi Arabia cutting 2.5 million barrels per day from agreed - and somewhat inflated - levels of 11 million barrels per day. More importantly, for most of 2019, Russia displayed very poor form in complying with previously agreed Opec+ cuts. So the market is unlikely to take the announced cut at face value." He added that forecasts for a drop in demand in the summer appear to be "dire", with even the most optimistic forecasts pointing to a reduction of 18.5 million barrels per day. Mr Sharma said: "The announcement can stem the bleeding, but cannot prevent what is likely to be a dire summer for oil producers with the potential to drag oil prices below $20 (£16; €18)." | করোনাভাইরাসের কারণে বিশ্ব জুড়ে লকডাউন পরিস্থিতির করণে জ্বালানি তেলের চাহিদা ও দাম কমে যাওয়ায় বিশ্বের তেল রপ্তানিকারক দেশগুলোর সংগঠন ওপেক এবং রাশিয়াসহ এর সহযোগী দেশসমূহ উৎপাদন ১০ শতাংশ কমিয়ে আনতে একমত হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Jeremy BowenBBC Middle East editor, Washington The host, US President Donald Trump, and the guest of honour, Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, backslappingly beamed at each other. The guests drawn from the entourages of the two leaders clapped and whooped. The biggest cheers were for President Trump's reminders of what he has done for Israel. Prime Minister Netanyahu said the day would be remembered in the same breath as Israel's day of independence in 1948. It was, said Mr Netanyahu, one of the most important moments of his life. President Trump says he has found a new way to make peace between Israel and the Palestinians. Israel will get the security it needs. Palestinians will get the state they crave. So far so good - except that the Trump plan gives Mr Netanyahu all he wants - and offers Palestinians very little; a sort-of state that will be truncated, without proper sovereignty, surrounded by Israel's territory and threaded between Jewish settlements. Peace seemed possible, once President Trump may believe, truly and without doubt, that he is offering the "deal of the century". It is a great deal for Mr Netanyahu and his government. Their positions on the Palestinians, more than ever, are America's positions. Through all the years of mediation in peace talks between Israel and the Palestinians, the top US priorities have always been Israel's wishes, constraints and most of all its security. But successive US presidents accepted that peace required a viable Palestinian state alongside Israel, even if they were not prepared to allow it equal sovereignty. Israel argues the Palestinians turned down a series of good offers. The Palestinian negotiators say they made huge concessions, not least accepting Israel's existence in around 78% of their historic homeland. A negotiated peace did seem possible once, almost 30 years ago. A series of secret talks in Norway became the Oslo peace process, forever symbolised by a ceremony on the White House lawn in 1993 presided over by a beaming President Bill Clinton. Yitzhak Rabin, Israel's greatest war leader, and Yasser Arafat, the human embodiment of Palestinian hopes for freedom, signed documents promising to negotiate the future, not fight for it. The two bitter enemies even shook hands. Rabin, Arafat, and Israel's Foreign Minister Shimon Peres were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Oslo was a historic moment. The Palestinians recognised the state of Israel. The Israelis accepted that the Palestine Liberation Organisation represented the Palestinian people. Cracks soon appeared in the Oslo edifice. Benjamin Netanyahu called it a mortal threat to Israel. The Israelis accelerated their project to settle Jews in the occupied Palestinian territories. Some Palestinians, like the academic Edward Said, condemned Oslo as a surrender. The Palestinian militants of Hamas, the Islamic Resistance Movement, sent suicide bombers to kill Jews and wreck the chances of a deal. The atmosphere in Israel turned ugly. Yitzhak Rabin was demonised by some of his fellow Israelis as no better than a Nazi, and portrayed at demonstrations as an officer of the SS. Months of incitement culminated in his assassination by a Jewish extremist on 4 November 1995. Surrender document Rabin's killer wanted to wreck the peace process, and he believed the best way to do that was to eliminate the Israeli best equipped to make it a reality. He was right. Even if Rabin had lived, Oslo might still have failed, defeated by small details as well as huge issues like the future of Jerusalem, by leaders on both sides who preferred conflict to compromise and by the violent reality of a continued Israeli occupation and Palestinian opposition to it. The timing of the announcement of the Trump initiative suits the political and legal needs of Mr Trump and Mr Netanyahu. Both men face elections. As well as that, Mr Trump gets a distraction from his impeachment, and from his trial in the US Senate for high crimes and misdemeanours. Mr Netanyahu faces criminal charges of corruption, bribery and breach of trust. President Trump wastes no chances to boast about America's strength. He believes that America's military and economic strength allow him to impose his will. He wants to smash old orthodoxies, like the ones that lay behind many failed attempts to make peace. The Trump document also sweeps aside inconvenient facts, like UN resolution 242 that emphasises the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war, or international laws that say that occupiers cannot settle their people on occupied land. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas rejected the document almost immediately. Palestinian rights and hopes, he said, were not for sale. Essentially the Palestinians have been told to take it or leave it. They are being given a surrender document, told to accept that Israel has won, and with its American friends will shape the future. If Palestinians refuse, the message continues, Israel will still get what it wants and they will be even worse off. There is a chance Palestinians will be afflicted by more anger, despair and hopelessness. In a combustible part of the world, that is dangerous. The Trump plan is a gamble. | হোয়াইট হাউজের পরিবেশ সংবাদ সম্মেলনের তুলনায় যেন একটি পার্টি হয়ে উঠেছিল। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The PM met the pontiff at the Vatican on Monday as part of his trip to Italy for the G7 summit. The residential schools were set up from the 1880s to take children from their families and assimilate them into mainstream Canadian society. The last one closed in 1996. "I told him how important it is for Canadians to move forward on real reconciliation with the indigenous peoples and I highlighted how he could help by issuing an apology," Mr Trudeau told reporters after meeting the pope. He said he had invited the pontiff to make the apology in Canada. Some 150,000 aboriginal children were forcibly removed from their families, and sent to live in church-run boarding schools where they were forbidden to speak their language or practise their own culture. Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission has called for a papal apology, as part of the healing process for survivors. Although the Vatican has not commented on Mr Trudeau's request, it confirmed the talk was "cordial" and lasted about 36 minutes. It said the conversation "focused on the themes of integration and reconciliation, as well as religious freedom and current ethical issues" but did not mention an apology directly. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which has been tasked with collecting the stories of survivors and recommending a way forward for the country to heal, has called the residential school system "cultural genocide". In its report, the commission recommended the Catholic Church issue a formal apology for its part in the residential school system. Similar apologies have been issued by Anglican, Presbyterian and United Churches, who along with the Catholic Church helped run these schools as joint ventures with the Canadian government. In 2008, former prime minister Stephen Harper issued an apology on behalf of Canadians, calling it "a sad chapter in our history". A year later, Pope Benedict expressed "his sorrow at the anguish caused by the deplorable conduct of some members of the Church" to a delegation from the Assembly of First Nations, a national advocacy organization, who went to the Vatican. In 2015, Mr Harper met Pope Francis and called attention to the commission's findings. Mr Trudeau said he also spoke with the Pope about a subject dear to both of them: the importance of stopping climate change. "We talked about how important it is to highlight the scientific basis of protecting our planet and the moral and ethical obligations to lead, to build a better future for all people on this earth," Mr Trudeau said. During the visit to the Vatican, Mr Trudeau was joined by his wife Sophie Grégoire-Trudeau. While in Italy, he also visited the Roma football club and will meet Italy's prime minister and president. | কানাডায় ক্যাথলিক চার্চ পরিচালিত স্কুলগুলোতে আদিবাসী শিশুদের ওপর যে নির্যাতন চালানো হয়েছিল তার জন্য পোপ ফ্রান্সিসকে ক্ষমা চাওয়ার আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন দেশটির প্রধানমন্ত্রী জাস্টিন ট্রুডো। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | WHO Director General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told reporters that misinformation was "making the work of our heroic workers even harder". More than 34,800 people have been infected with the new coronavirus worldwide, the vast majority in China. There have been 723 deaths in China and one death abroad, in the Philippines. Of the 34,598 people infected within China, Dr Tedros said almost 25,000 are in Hubei Province - the region where the outbreak was first reported, which has since become the epicentre of the virus. "I would also like to speak briefly about the importance of facts, not fear," Dr Tedros said. "People must have access to accurate information to protect themselves and others." He said misinformation around the new strain, 2019-nCoV, "causes confusion and spreads fear to the general public". "At the WHO we're not just battling the virus, we're also battling the trolls and conspiracy theories that undermine our response," he added. "As a Guardian [newspaper] headline says today, 'Misinformation on the coronavirus might be the most contagious thing about it'." In that article, published by The Guardian's opinion section, epidemiologist Adam Kucharski argues that the best way to combat online falsehoods around the virus is to "treat them like a real-life virus". A number of false theories have been spread globally about the virus in recent weeks. Russia's Channel One, for example, has been airing coronavirus conspiracy theories on its prime-time evening news show Vremya (meaning "Time"). In one segment, the host links the virus to US President Donald Trump, and claims that US intelligence agencies or pharmaceutical companies are behind it. Another debunked conspiracy theory, published in British and US tabloid media, linked the virus to a video of a Chinese woman eating bat soup. Reports claimed the clip was filmed in Wuhan, the epicentre of the virus, when the outbreak was first reported. However it was filmed in 2016 and was in Palau, in the western Pacific Ocean - not China. And a now-widely-discredited scientific study released last month linked the new coronavirus to snakes - leading to global headlines discussing the spread of "snake flu". What is the latest on the coronavirus? Dr Tedros said that the virus is still concentrated in Hubei, and that over the last four days there appeared to have been a slight stabilisation in the number of cases. However, he said it was still too early to say whether or not the virus has plateaued, as epidemics can often slow down before accelerating again. But he added that the slow-down was "an opportunity" for them to work to contain the virus. Meanwhile, Hong Kong has begun a mandatory two-week quarantine for anyone arriving from mainland China. Visitors are being told to isolate themselves in hotel rooms or government-run centres, while residents are required to stay in their homes. Flouting the new rules will be punishable with a fine and a prison sentence. There have been 26 confirmed cases of the virus in Hong Kong. On Thursday, a 60-year-old US citizen - the first confirmed non-Chinese victim of the illness - died in Wuhan's Jinyintan Hospital. On Saturday, France confirmed five new cases in its Haute-Savoie region, including a nine-year-old boy, which brings the total of infected people in the country to 11. French Health Minister Agnès Buzyn said all of the five new cases were British nationals staying in the same chalet, which had also housed a Briton who had been in Singapore. Their condition is not said to be serious. A further six people who stayed at the chalet are under observation. There has also been widespread anger and grief across China over the death of Li Wenliang, a doctor who tried to warn about the new coronavirus. He contracted the virus while treating patients in Wuhan, in Hubei province. | বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা হুঁশিয়ার করে বলেছে যে, "ট্রল বা ব্যঙ্গ এবং ষড়যন্ত্র তত্ত্ব" করোনাভাইরাসের বিরুদ্ধে তাদের পদক্ষেপকে দুর্বল করে তুলছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | He said his first months in office would not end the outbreak and gave few details on a rollout plan but he said he would change the course of Covid-19. Introducing his health team for when he takes office on 20 January, he urged Americans to "mask up for 100 days". On Tuesday, a report paved the way for a Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine to be approved and rolled out for Americans. Emergency authorisation for its use could be issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Thursday, with the country's top infectious disease expert Dr Anthony Fauci saying mass vaccination could start as soon as next week. Also on Tuesday, President Donald Trump attended a summit at the White House of his Covid-19 vaccination programme, Operation Warp Speed, and hailed the expected approval of vaccines. His administration hopes to vaccinate as many as 24 million people by mid-January. The US has recorded more than 15 million cases so far and 285,000 deaths, according to Johns Hopkins University research, both global highs. Many parts of the country are seeing peak infections, with record numbers of people in hospital, with some experts blaming travel by millions over the recent Thanksgiving holiday. At a news conference on Tuesday, Mr Biden laid out how he plans to address the pandemic in his first 100 days in office. That period is traditionally seen as a benchmark for new presidents to make their mark with new policies and ideas. He vowed to get "at least 100 million Covid vaccine shots into the arms of the American people". "My first 100 days won't end the Covid-19 virus. I can't promise that. But we did not get into this mess quickly. We're not going to get out of it quickly," he said at the event in Delaware, giving few details of how the largest vaccination programme in US history would be carried out. Last week, Mr Biden complained he had been given no rollout plans by the Trump administration. Operation Warp Speed's top scientist Moncef Slaoui has still to meet the Biden team and is expected to do so this week. Getting children back to school would also be a priority, the president-elect said. Mr Biden also introduced California Attorney General Xavier Becerra as his nomination for health secretary and his choice of Rochelle Walensky as head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Among his other aides will be Dr Anthony Fauci as chief Covid medical adviser. The expert also advised the Trump team and often fell foul of the president for his views. Can 100 million people be vaccinated in 100 days? Getting 100 million vaccines to Americans in just over three months is not expected to be easy. The large geographical size of the US and the logistics of rolling out a new vaccine could present challenges in achieving the goal. Helen Branswell, senior writer on global health at US-based website Stat News, has described Mr Biden's plan as "potentially realistic" if the supplies of the drug are available and Mr Trump successfully begins the vaccination programme before his term ends. "I think the early part of the vaccine delivery programme is going to be very bumpy in the US so by the time he [Mr Biden] takes office some of those bumps may have been levelled out a bit," Ms Branswell told the BBC. Dr Fauci suggested the plan was "bold but doable", warning "the road ahead will not be easy". By comparison, 51.8% of Americans older than six months were vaccinated against flu in 2019-20, according to the CDC. The US population is 316 million people, which means that around 158 million people were given flu jabs between July 2019 and May 2020. In the UK, the government says it aims to vaccinate 800,000 people over the next few weeks after it began the world's first approved rollout of the vaccine. What has Trump said? The event was mainly a celebration of Operation Warp Speed's efforts to get a vaccine to the American people. President Trump said of the expected vaccine approvals: "They say it's somewhat of a miracle and I think that's true." He added: "Every American who wants the vaccine will be able to get the vaccine and we think by spring we're going to be in a position nobody would have believed possible just a few months ago." The president also signed an executive order aimed at ensuring that Americans had first priority in receiving doses. But it remains unclear how that will affect contracts that US companies have already signed with other countries. The Trump administration did sign up for an initial 100 million doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine but a member of the Pfizer board said the chance to buy more was turned down a number of times and more doses might not be available until June. The Operation Warp Speed team said its policy was to deal with a number of manufacturers of vaccines. US media reported the executive order reflected concern that supplies might not be enough. Where is the US with vaccinations? On Tuesday, US regulators confirmed the Pfizer/BioNTech Covid vaccine was 95% effective, paving the way for it to be approved for emergency use. The FDA found no safety concerns to stop approval of the vaccine. Although two doses are needed to offer full protection, the first jab prevented 89% of the most severe cases. Some side-effects such as redness or swelling at the injection site, short-term fatigue, headaches and muscle-pain were reported but were considered mild. US biotech firm Moderna has reported similar successes with its vaccine and it is also expected to get FDA approval before Christmas. Estimates of the cost of both vaccines are in-line with the flu jab, which is about $40 (£30) per person in the US. Mr Trump's government is taking steps to provide the vaccine at no cost to elderly people and those who receive government assistance for healthcare costs, according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Meanwhile, the coalition People's Vaccine Alliance warned that rich countries were hoarding doses of Covid-19 vaccines and people living in poor countries were set to miss out. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট-ইলেক্ট জো বাইডেন বলেছেন, দায়িত্ব নেয়ার ১০০ দিনের মধ্যে ১০০ মিলিয়ন করোনাভাইরাসের ভ্যাকসিন দেয়ার লক্ষ্য পূরণ করবেন তিনি। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Matthew Hill, David Campanale and Joel GunterBBC News The men always wore masks, Tursunay Ziawudun said, even though there was no pandemic then. They wore suits, she said, not police uniforms. Sometime after midnight, they came to the cells to select the women they wanted and took them down the corridor to a "black room", where there were no surveillance cameras. Several nights, Ziawudun said, they took her. "Perhaps this is the most unforgettable scar on me forever," she said. "I don't even want these words to spill from my mouth." Tursunay Ziawudun spent nine months inside China's vast and secretive system of internment camps in the Xinjiang region. According to independent estimates, more than a million men and women have been detained in the sprawling network of camps, which China says exist for the "re-education" of the Uighurs and other minorities. Human rights groups say the Chinese government has gradually stripped away the religious and other freedoms of the Uighurs, culminating in an oppressive system of mass surveillance, detention, indoctrination, and even forced sterilisation. The policy flows from China's President, Xi Jinping, who visited Xinjiang in 2014 in the wake of a terror attack by Uighur separatists. Shortly after, according to documents leaked to the New York Times, he directed local officials to respond with "absolutely no mercy". The US government said last month that China's actions since amounted to a genocide. China says reports of mass detention and forced sterilisation are "lies and absurd allegations". First-hand accounts from inside the internment camps are rare, but several former detainees and a guard have told the BBC they experienced or saw evidence of an organised system of mass rape, sexual abuse and torture. Tursunay Ziawudun, who fled Xinjiang after her release and is now in the US, said women were removed from the cells "every night" and raped by one or more masked Chinese men. She said she was tortured and later gang-raped on three occasions, each time by two or three men. Ziawudun has spoken to the media before, but only from Kazakhstan, where she "lived in constant fear of being sent back to China", she said. She said she believed that if she revealed the extent of the sexual abuse she had experienced and seen, and was returned to Xinjiang, she would be punished more harshly than before. And she was ashamed, she said. It is impossible to verify Ziawudun's account completely because of the severe restrictions China places on reporters in the country, but travel documents and immigration records she provided to the BBC corroborate the timeline of her story. Her descriptions of the camp in Xinyuan county - known in Uighur as Kunes county - match satellite imagery analysed by the BBC, and her descriptions of daily life inside the camp, as well as the nature and methods of the abuse, correspond with other accounts from former detainees. Internal documents from the Kunes county justice system from 2017 and 2018, provided to the BBC by Adrian Zenz, a leading expert on China's policies in Xinjiang, detail planning and spending for "transformation through education" of "key groups" - a common euphemism in China for the indoctrination of the Uighurs. In one Kunes document, the "education" process is described as "washing brains, cleansing hearts, strengthening righteousness and eliminating evil". The BBC also interviewed a Kazakh woman from Xinjiang who was detained for 18 months in the camp system, who said she was forced to strip Uighur women naked and handcuff them, before leaving them alone with Chinese men. Afterwards, she cleaned the rooms, she said. "My job was to remove their clothes above the waist and handcuff them so they cannot move," said Gulzira Auelkhan, crossing her wrists behind her head to demonstrate. "Then I would leave the women in the room and a man would enter - some Chinese man from outside or policeman. I sat silently next to the door, and when the man left the room I took the woman for a shower." The Chinese men "would pay money to have their pick of the prettiest young inmates", she said. Some former detainees of the camps have described being forced to assist guards or face punishment. Auelkhan said she was powerless to resist or intervene. Asked if there was a system of organised rape, she said: "Yes, rape." "They forced me to go into that room," she said. "They forced me to take off those women's clothes and to restrain their hands and leave the room." Some of the women who were taken away from the cells at night were never returned, Ziawudun said. Those who were brought back were threatened against telling others in the cell what had happened to them. "You can't tell anyone what happened, you can only lie down quietly," she said. "It is designed to destroy everyone's spirit." Mr Zenz told the BBC that the testimony gathered for this story was "some of the most horrendous evidence I have seen since the atrocity began". "This confirms the very worst of what we have heard before," he said. "It provides authoritative and detailed evidence of sexual abuse and torture at a level clearly greater than what we had assumed." The Uighurs are a mostly Muslim Turkic minority group that number about 11 million in Xinjiang in north-western China. The region borders Kazakhstan and is also home to ethnic Kazakhs. Ziawudun, who is 42, is Uighur. Her husband is a Kazakh. The couple returned to Xinjiang in late 2016 after a five-year stay in Kazakhstan, and were interrogated on arrival and had their passports confiscated, Ziawudun said. A few months later, she was told by police to attend a meeting alongside other Uighurs and Kazakhs and the group was rounded up and detained. Her first stint in detention was comparatively easy, she said, with decent food and access to her phone. After a month she developed stomach ulcers and was released. Her husband's passport was returned and he went back to Kazakhstan to work, but authorities kept Ziawudun's, trapping her in Xinjiang. Reports suggest China has purposefully kept behind and interned relatives to discourage those who leave from speaking out. On 9 March 2018, with her husband still in Kazakhstan, Ziawudun was instructed to report to a local police station, she said. She was told she needed "more education". According to her account, Ziawudun was transported back to the same facility as her previous detention, in Kunes county, but the site had been significantly developed, she said. Buses were lined up outside offloading new detainees "non-stop". The women had their jewellery confiscated. Ziawudun's earrings were yanked out, she said, causing her ears to bleed, and she was herded into a room with a group of women. Among them was an elderly woman who Ziawudun would later befriend. The camp guards pulled off the woman's headscarf, Ziawudun said, and shouted at her for wearing a long dress - one of a list of religious expressions that became arrestable offences for Uighurs that year. "They stripped everything off the elderly lady, leaving her with just her underwear. She was so embarrassed that she tried to cover herself with her arms," Ziawudun said. "I cried so much watching the way they treated her. Her tears fell like rain." The women were told to hand over their shoes and any clothes with elastic or buttons, Ziawudun said, then taken to cellblocks - "similar to a small Chinese neighbourhood where there are rows of buildings". Nothing much happened for the first month or two. They were forced to watch propaganda programmes in their cells and had their hair forcibly cut short. Then police began interrogating Ziawudun about her absent husband, she said, knocking her on the floor when she resisted and kicking her in the abdomen. "Police boots are very hard and heavy, so at first I thought he was beating me with something," she said. "Then I realised that he was trampling on my belly. I almost passed out - I felt a hot flush go through me." A camp doctor told her she might have a blood clot. When her cellmates drew attention to the fact that she was bleeding, the guards "replied saying it is normal for women to bleed", she said. According to Ziawudun, each cell was home to 14 women, with bunk beds, bars on the windows, a basin and a hole-in-the-floor-style toilet. When she first saw women being taken out of the cell at night, she didn't understand why, she said. She thought they were being moved elsewhere. Then sometime in May 2018 - "I don't remember the exact date, because you don't remember the dates inside there" - Ziawudun and a cellmate, a woman in her twenties, were taken out at night and presented to a Chinese man in a mask, she said. Her cellmate was taken into a separate room. "As soon as she went inside she started screaming," Ziawudun said. "I don't know how to explain to you, I thought they were torturing her. I never thought about them raping." The woman who had brought them from the cells told the men about Ziawudun's recent bleeding. "After the woman spoke about my condition, the Chinese man swore at her. The man with the mask said 'Take her to the dark room'. "The woman took me to the room next to where the other girl had been taken in. They had an electric stick, I didn't know what it was, and it was pushed inside my genital tract, torturing me with an electric shock." Ziawudun's torture that first night in the dark room eventually came to an end, she said, when the woman intervened again citing her medical condition, and she was returned to the cell. About an hour later, her cellmate was brought back. "The girl became completely different after that, she wouldn't speak to anyone, she sat quietly staring as if in a trance," Ziawudun said. "There were many people in those cells who lost their minds." Alongside cells, another central feature of the camps is classrooms. Teachers have been drafted in to "re-educate" the detainees - a process activists say is designed to strip the Uighurs and other minorities of their culture, language and religion, and indoctrinate them into mainstream Chinese culture. Qelbinur Sedik, an Uzbek woman from Xinjiang, was among the Chinese language teachers brought into the camps and coerced into giving lessons to the detainees. Sedik has since fled China and spoken publicly about her experience. The women's camp was "tightly controlled", Sedik told the BBC. But she heard stories, she said - signs and rumours of rape. One day, Sedik cautiously approached a Chinese camp policewoman she knew. "I asked her, 'I have been hearing some terrible stories about rape, do you know about it?' She said we should talk in the courtyard during lunch. "So I went to the courtyard, where there were not many cameras. She said, 'Yes, the rape has become a culture. It is gang rape and the Chinese police not only rape them but also electrocute them. They are subject to horrific torture.'" That night Sedik didn't sleep at all, she said. "I was thinking about my daughter who was studying abroad and I cried all night." In separate testimony to the Uyghur Human Rights Project, Sedik said she heard about an electrified stick being inserted into women to torture them - echoing the experience Ziawudun described. There were "four kinds of electric shock", Sedik said - "the chair, the glove, the helmet, and anal rape with a stick". "The screams echoed throughout the building," she said. "I could hear them during lunch and sometimes when I was in class." Another teacher forced to work in the camps, Sayragul Sauytbay, told the BBC that "rape was common" and the guards "picked the girls and young women they wanted and took them away". She described witnessing a harrowing public gang rape of a woman of just 20 or 21, who was brought before about 100 other detainees to make a forced confession. "After that, in front of everyone, the police took turns to rape her," Sauytbay said. "While carrying out this test, they watched people closely and picked out anyone who resisted, clenched their fists, closed their eyes, or looked away, and took them for punishment." The young woman cried out for help, Sauytbay said. "It was absolutely horrendous," she said. "I felt I had died. I was dead." In the camp in Kunes, Ziawudun's days drifted into weeks and then months. The detainees' hair was cut, they went to class, they underwent unexplained medical tests, took pills, and were forcibly injected every 15 days with a "vaccine" that brought on nausea and numbness. Women were forcibly fitted with IUDs or sterilised, Ziawudun said, including a woman who was just about 20 years old. ("We begged them on her behalf," she said.) Forced sterilisation of Uighurs has been widespread in Xinjiang, according to a recent investigation by the Associated Press. The Chinese government told the BBC the allegations were "completely unfounded". As well as the medical interventions, detainees in Ziawudun's camp spent hours singing patriotic Chinese songs and watching patriotic TV programmes about Chinese President Xi Jinping, she said. "You forget to think about life outside the camp. I don't know if they brainwashed us or if it was the side effect of the injections and pills, but you can't think of anything beyond wishing you had a full stomach. The food deprivation is so severe." Detainees had food withheld for infractions such as failing to accurately memorise passages from books about Xi Jinping, according to a former camp guard who spoke to the BBC via video link from a country outside China. "Once we were taking the people arrested into the concentration camp, and I saw everyone being forced to memorise those books. They sit for hours trying to memorise the text, everyone had a book in their hands," he said. Those who failed tests were forced to wear three different colours of clothing based on whether they had failed one, two, or three times, he said, and subjected to different levels of punishment accordingly, including food deprivation and beatings. "I entered those camps. I took detainees into those camps," he said. "I saw those sick, miserable people. They definitely experienced various types of torture. I am sure about that." It was not possible to independently verify the guard's testimony but he provided documents that appeared to corroborate a period of employment at a known camp. He agreed to speak on condition of anonymity. The guard said he did not know anything about rape in the cell areas. Asked if the camp guards used electrocution, he said: "Yes. They do. They use those electrocuting instruments." After being tortured, detainees were forced to make confessions to a variety of perceived offences, according to the guard. "I have those confessions in my heart," he said. President Xi looms large over the camps. His image and slogans adorn the walls; he is a focus of the programme of "re-education". Xi is the overall architect of the policy against the Uighurs, said Charles Parton, a former British diplomat in China and now senior associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute. "It is very centralised and it goes to the very top," Parton said. "There is absolutely no doubt whatsoever that this is Xi Jinping's policy." It was unlikely that Xi or other top party officials would have directed or authorised rape or torture, Parton said, but they would "certainly be aware of it". "I think they prefer at the top just to turn a blind eye. The line has gone out to implement this policy with great sternness, and that is what is happening." That left "no real constraints", he said. "I just don't see what the perpetrators of these acts would have to hold them back." According to Ziawudun's account, the perpetrators did not hold back. "They don't only rape but also bite all over your body, you don't know if they are human or animal," she said, pressing a tissue to her eyes to stop her tears and pausing for a long time to collect herself. "They didn't spare any part of the body, they bit everywhere leaving horrible marks. It was disgusting to look at. "I've experienced that three times. And it is not just one person who torments you, not just one predator. Each time they were two or three men." Later, a woman who slept near Ziawudun in the cell, who said she was detained for giving birth to too many children, disappeared for three days and when she returned her body was covered with the same marks, Ziawudun said. "She couldn't say it. She wrapped her arms around my neck and sobbed continuously, but she said nothing." The Chinese government did not respond directly to questions from the BBC about allegations of rape and torture. In a statement, a spokeswoman said the camps in Xinjiang were not detention camps but "vocational education and training centres". "The Chinese government protects the rights and interests of all ethnic minorities equally," the spokeswoman said, adding that the government "attaches great importance to protecting women's rights". Ziawudun was released in December 2018 along with others who had spouses or relatives in Kazakhstan - an apparent policy shift she still doesn't fully understand. The state returned her passport and she fled to Kazakhstan and then, with the support of the Uyghur Human Rights Project, to the US. She is applying to stay. She lives in a quiet suburb not far from Washington DC with a landlady from the local Uighur community. The two women cook together and take walks in the streets around the house. It's a slow, uneventful existence. Ziawudun keeps the lights low when she is in the house, because they shone brightly and constantly in the camp. A week after she arrived in the US, she had surgery to remove her womb - a consequence of being stamped on. "I have lost the chance to become a mother," she said. She wants her husband to join her in the US. For now, he is in Kazakhstan. For a while after her release, before she could flee, Ziawudun waited in Xinjiang. She saw others who had been churned through the system and released. She saw the effect the policy was having on her people. The birth rate in Xinjiang has plummeted in the past few years, according to independent research - an effect analysts have described as "demographic genocide". Many in the community had turned to alcohol, Ziawudun said. Several times, she saw her former cellmate collapsed on the street - the young woman who was removed from the cell with her that first night, who she heard screaming in an adjacent room. The woman had been consumed by addiction, Ziawudun said. She was "like someone who simply existed, otherwise she was dead, completely finished by the rapes". "They say people are released, but in my opinion everyone who leaves the camps is finished." And that, she said, was the plan. The surveillance, the internment, the indoctrination, the dehumanisation, the sterilisation, the torture, the rape. "Their goal is to destroy everyone," she said. "And everybody knows it." Photographs by Hannah Long-Higgins Readers in the UK affected by sexual abuse or violence can find support information via the BBC website here. More coverage of China's camps | চীনের শিনজিয়াং প্রদেশে উইঘুর মুসলিমদের জন্য যেসব 'পুনঃশিক্ষণ' কেন্দ্র পরিচালিত হচ্ছে - তাতে নারীরা পরিকল্পিতভবে ধর্ষণ, যৌন নিপীড়ন ও অত্যাচারের শিকার হচ্ছেন বলে নতুন পাওয়া তথ্যে জানতে পেরেছে বিবিসি। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | Originally occupied by Egypt, which retains control of Gaza's southern border, the territory was captured by Israel during the 1967 Middle East war. Israel withdrew its troops and around 7,000 settlers in 2005. It is under the control of the militant Islamist group Hamas, which won Palestinian legislative elections in 2006 and ejected forces loyal to the then governing Palestinian Authority after a violent rift in 2007. Since then, Israel and Egypt have effectively blockaded the territory, restricting the movement of goods and people in and out in what they say are security measures against militants in Gaza. Hamas and Israel fought a brief conflict in 2014, with the Israelis attempting to end rocket fire from Gaza and the militants fighting to end their isolation. FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT Already limited, freedom of movement and access to Gaza were reduced significantly after mid-2013, when Egypt put new restrictions in place at the Rafah border crossing and launched a crackdown on the network of smuggling tunnels under the Egypt-Gaza border. Egypt has effectively kept the border closed since October 2014, only opening it in exceptional circumstances. According to a report by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the Rafah crossing was partially open for only 17 days up to April 2018, with 23,000 registered and waiting for permission to cross. In the north, crossings into Israel at Erez have picked up marginally this year compared with 2017, but remain well below pre-blockade levels due to new restrictions. Fewer than 240 Palestinians left Gaza via Israel in the first half of 2017, compared with a daily average of 26,000 in September 2000. ECONOMY Gaza is significantly poorer than it was in the 1990s. Its economy grew only 0.5% in 2017 according to a World Bank report, with annual income per person falling from $2,659 in 1994 to $1,826 in 2018. In 2017 the Gaza Strip had the highest unemployment rate in the World Bank's development database. At 44% it was more than double the rate in the West Bank. And of particular concern was the high youth unemployment rate, which stood at more than 60% in Gaza. The latest data shows Gaza's poverty rate stands at 39%, more than twice the rate in the West Bank. The World Bank believes this would rise even higher were it not for social aid payments, mostly through the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). The agency says 80% of the population are on some form of social assistance. EDUCATION Gaza's school system is under pressure. According to UNRWA, 94% of schools run a "double shift" system, with one school of students in the morning and another in the afternoon. While UNRWA runs around 250 schools in the territory, which has pushed the literacy rate up to 97%, non-UN schools have suffered. The 2014 conflict damaged 547 schools, kindergartens and colleges, many of which have yet to be repaired. This means there are larger and larger class sizes, with the UN reporting an average classroom of around 40 pupils in 2017. A report by the UN Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) predicts the number of students in Gaza will grow from 630,000 in 2015 to 1.2 million by 2030, which means the Strip will need 900 more schools and 23,000 more teachers. POPULATION Gaza has one of the highest population densities in the world. On average, some 5,479 people live on every square kilometre in Gaza. That's expected to rise to 6,197 people per square kilometre by 2020. The number of people living there is expected to hit 2.2 million by the end of the decade, and 3.1 million by 2030. Israel declared a buffer zone along the border in 2014 to protect itself from rocket attacks and tunnels. The zone reduces the amount of land available for people to live or farm on. The UN says there is a shortage of 120,000 housing units due to natural population growth, as well as damage caused by the 2014 conflict. They believe around 29,000 people remain displaced more than three years after the end of the conflict. Gaza also has one of the world's youngest populations, with more than 40% younger than 15 years old. HEALTH Access to public health services has worsened due to border restrictions. The closure of the Rafah crossing reduced the number of patients travelling to Egypt for treatment. Before 2014, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said a monthly average of 4,000 people crossed into Egypt for health reasons alone. Exit passes through Israel have also dropped in recent years, with approvals for medical reasons dropping from 93% in 2012 to 54% in 2017. Moreover, drugs, supplies and equipment are all restricted because of the blockade - including dialysis machines and heart monitors. Just as in education, the UN helps out by running 22 healthcare facilities. But a number of hospitals and clinics were damaged or destroyed in previous conflicts with Israel, with the total number of primary health care clinics falling from 56 to 49 since 2000 - in the same time as the population doubled. A recent fuel shortage for generators has also affected medical services. The Palestinian Ministry of Health says three hospitals and ten medical centres have suspended services due to a lack of power. FOOD More than a million people in Gaza are classed as "moderately-to-severely food insecure", according to the UN, despite many receiving some form of food aid. Israeli restrictions on access to agricultural land and fishing add to the challenges. Gazans are not allowed to farm in the Israeli-declared buffer zone - 1.5km (0.9 miles) wide on the Gaza side of the border - and this has led to a loss in production of an estimated 75,000 tonnes of produce a year. The restricted area coincides with what is considered Gaza's best arable land, and the Strip's agriculture sector has dropped from 11% of GDP in 1994 to less than 5% in 2018. Israel imposes a fishing limit meaning Gazans can only fish within a certain distance of the shore. The UN says if the limit were lifted, fishing could provide employment and a cheap source of protein for the people of Gaza. Following the November 2012 ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas, the fishing limit was extended from three nautical miles to six. However, it has been periodically reduced to three nautical miles in response to rocket fire from Gaza. Israeli naval forces frequently open fire towards Palestinian fishing boats approaching or exceeding the limit. POWER Power cuts are an everyday occurrence in Gaza. On average, Gazans get only three-six hours of electricity a day. The Strip gets most of its power from Israel together with further contributions from Gaza's only power plant and a small amount from Egypt. However, this all amounts to less than a third of the power it needs, according to the World Bank. Both the Gaza Power Plant (GPP) and many people's individual generators depend on diesel fuel, which is very expensive and in short supply. Offshore there is a gas field which the UN says could provide all the territory's power needs if it were developed. Any surplus could be ploughed into development. The GPP was originally designed to run on natural gas, and the World Bank estimates reconverting the plant to run on gas would save millions of dollars and increase output fivefold. WATER AND SANITATION Gaza has little rain and no major fresh water source to replenish its underground water supplies, which are not large enough to keep up with demand. While most Gaza households are on a piped water network, the World Bank says supply is inconsistent and often poor quality. 97% of Gaza households depend on water delivered by tanker trucks. Sewage is another problem. Although 78% of households are connected to public sewage networks, treatment plants are overloaded. Around 90 million litres of partially treated and raw sewage is pumped in to the Mediterranean and open ponds daily - meaning 95% of groundwater in the Strip is polluted. There is also the risk that this sewage can flow into the streets, which could cause further health problems in the territory. Correction 28 July 2020: A previous version of this story has been amended to make clear that the Gaza Strip is still controlled by Hamas, and not the Palestinian Authority. | প্রায় বিশ লাখ মানুষ বাস করেন গাযায়। এই এলাকা দৈর্ঘ্যে ৪১ কিলোমিটার (২৫ মাইল) আর প্রস্থে ১০ কিলোমিটার। চারপাশ ঘিরে আছে ভূমধ্যসাগর, ইসরায়েল আর মিশর। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Tara McKelveyBBC White House reporter The whistleblower, a US intelligence official, believed that the transcript of the call between Mr Trump and Ukrainian leader Volodymyr Zelensky was kept in a secret electronic space not for national-security reasons - but for political purposes. The rough transcript of the call, according to the complaint, was first classified as secret and later top-secret, ensuring that only those with the highest clearances would be able to read it. This was a red flag, according to the whistleblower, as it showed that White House officials were not only aware of the politically sensitive nature of the call but were trying to hide this information from others in the US government. Mr Trump's critics say the call was an attempt to convince Ukraine's leader to investigate his rival, Vice-President Joe Biden, to further the president's own political goals, and that White House aides were trying to cover his tracks. President Trump and his aides deny the allegations, and say there was "nothing different" about the handling of the transcript of the phone call or where it was stored electronically. So what's the normal practice? Who listens to the call? Traditionally, officials from the US national security council (NSC) brief the president before a call with a foreign leader. Then the briefers sit in the Oval Office with the president while he speaks on the phone with the foreign leader. "At least two members of the NSC are usually present," according to USA Today. There will also be officials sitting in a secure room in another part of the White House, listening to the president's call and taking notes. Their notes are known as a "memorandum of telephone conversation", and like many things in Washington it has an abbreviation: "memcon". The president's calls with foreign leaders are also transcribed by computers. Afterwards, as former White House officials explain, the human note takers compare their impressions with an electronic version of the call. The notes from the officials and from the computerised transcriptions are combined into one document. This transcript may not be perfect, but it is done as carefully as time and resources allow. In the case of the president's phone call with Mr Zelensky, according to the whistleblower's complaint, about a dozen people were listening to their conversation. Since Mr Trump came to office, briefings before a phone call can be hastily arranged and by people with varying levels of expertise, according to one former NSC official, who says they were sometimes asked to listen in on calls at the last minute. How is a transcript of a call classified as secret or top secret? Officials who work in the executive secretary's office of the US national security council decide on the level of classification for the transcript of a call, explain former White House officials. If the transcript contains information that could put national security or lives of individuals at risk, the transcript is classified as top secret and is kept in a protected area. The Project on Middle East Democracy's Andrew Miller oversaw Egypt for the national security council during the Obama administration and became familiar with the process of classification. Miller says that he understands why some transcripts should be deemed top secret. But, he says, there was nothing in the call between Mr Trump and Mr Zelensky that rose to that level. "I don't see what's in there that would justify it being top secret," says Mr Miller. "This had to be done for political reasons." More on the Trump-Ukraine story What happens if a transcript is stamped 'top secret'? Classifying the transcript of a call as "top secret" means that only individuals in the US government with the highest level of security clearance can see the material. As former officials explain, these transcripts are shared through a system known by an acronym, Jwics, which stands for Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System, a network that is used by people who work in the intelligence services. Frequently, though, the transcripts are stored in areas that are secret but not guarded with this extraordinary level of security. Classifying a transcript as secret - but not top secret - means that officials can discuss the contents of the presidents' calls more easily with others who work in the government. Was the security-classification system used in the proper manner in this case? Mr Kudlow and other presidential advisers say the phone call itself was fine - and so was the handling of the transcript. They strongly disagree with the whistleblower's assessment. But others say the president's phone call and the secrecy surrounding the transcript demonstrated an abuse of presidential power. "Security classifications are designed to protect lives," says Brett Bruen, a White House official who served in the Obama administration. "If all of a sudden, they become a means to protect the political standing of the president, it means we no longer have a national-security classification system that is credible." Mr Miller agrees - he says that keeping a transcript of a phone call secret just because you want to protect the political prospects of your boss undermines the system. Those who work at the White House swear an oath not to the president, he says, but to the US constitution: "Your primary loyalty should be to the country - not to the individual." | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের ফোন কল যিনি প্রকাশ করেছেন, তার দাবি, ওই ফোন কলটি যেভাবে অস্বাভাবিক গোপনীয়তার সঙ্গে সামলানো হয়েছে, তাতে বোঝা যায় যে, এ ধরণের ফোন কল কীভাবে নজরদারি করা হয় এবং কতটা গোপনীয় রাখা হয়। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | HMS Montrose, a British frigate shadowing the BP-owned tanker, was forced to move between the three boats and the tanker, a spokesman said. He described the Iranians' actions as "contrary to international law". Iran had threatened to retaliate for the seizure of one of its own tankers, but denied any attempted seizure. Last week, British Royal Marines helped the authorities in Gibraltar seize an Iranian tanker because of evidence it was carrying oil to Syria in breach of EU sanctions. A spokesman for the Royal Gibraltar Police said they had arrested the Indian captain and chief officer of the Iranian tanker on Thursday, on suspicion of breaching EU sanctions, but neither had been charged. On Wednesday boats believed to belong to Iran's Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC) approached the British Heritage tanker and tried to bring it to a halt as it was moving out of the Gulf into the Strait of Hormuz. Guns on HMS Montrose were trained on the Iranian boats as they were ordered to back off, US media reported. The boats heeded the warning and no shots were fired. The BBC has been told British Heritage was near the island of Abu Musa when it was approached by the Iranian boats. Although Abu Musa is in disputed territorial waters, HMS Montrose remained in international waters throughout. Defence Secretary Penny Mordaunt said the government was concerned by the incident and urged the Iranian authorities to "de-escalate the situation". Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt added the UK would monitor the situation "very carefully". Prime Minister Theresa May's official spokesman said the government was "committed to maintaining freedom of navigation in accordance with international law". What does Iran say? The navy of Iran's Islamic Revolution Guard Corps has denied claims it tried to seize the tanker, Iranian news agencies reported. IRGC's navy said there had been no confrontation with any foreign vessels in the past 24 hours. Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said the UK made the claims "for creating tension". "These claims have no value," Mr Zarif added, according to the Fars news agency. Why are UK-Iran tensions escalating? The relationship between the UK and Iran has become increasingly strained, after Britain said the Iranian regime was "almost certainly" responsible for the attacks on two oil tankers in June. Tensions grew after the seizure of an Iranian oil tanker by authorities in Gibraltar, assisted by British Royal Marines. On Thursday an Iranian official told the BBC the seizure was "unnecessary and non-constructive escalation by the UK". The official claimed the oil was not bound for Syria and called for the tanker to be released. The government of Gibraltar said it would not comment on matters relating to the vessel as it was the subject of a police investigation. It said the matter was also now in the Supreme Court. The Port of Gibraltar's live map showed the tanker, Grace 1, remained anchored about 3km off the east coast of Gibraltar. At the time of the Gibraltar incident, Iran summoned the British ambassador in Tehran to complain about what it said was a "form of piracy". An Iranian official said a British oil tanker should be seized if Grace 1 was not released. On Wednesday, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani mocked the UK, calling it "scared" and "hopeless" for using Royal Navy warships to shadow another British tanker in the Gulf. HMS Montrose had shadowed the British tanker Pacific Voyager for some of the way through the Strait of Hormuz, but that journey had passed without incident. "You, Britain, are the initiator of insecurity and you will realise the consequences later," Mr Rouhani said. The UK has also been pressing Iran to release British-Iranian mother Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe who was jailed for five years in 2016 after being convicted for spying, which she denies. The Royal Navy has a frigate, four minehunters and a Royal Fleet Auxiliary support ship already stationed in a permanent Naval Support Facility in the region, at Mina Salman in Bahrain. This is enough to provide reassurance, but probably not to deal with a crisis, BBC defence correspondent Jonathan Beale said. "HMS Montrose will not be able to provide protection for every commercial vessel in the Gulf with links to the UK," he added. "Ministers will now have to contemplate sending another Royal Navy warship to the region. But in doing so, that may only further escalate tensions with Iran, which is something the government wants to avoid." The Ministry of Defence confirmed Royal Marines were on board HMS Montrose and said this was normal for frigates and destroyers deployed to the Gulf. Can ships in the area avoid Iranian waters? The Strait of Hormuz, through which all ships must pass to enter the Gulf, is so narrow - just 21 nautical miles (39km) at its narrowest - that Iranian and Omani territorial waters meet in the middle. So instead of sailing through international waters, ships must pass through Iranian or Omani territory which both extend 12 nautical miles out from their coasts. Ships do this under something called Rights of Straits Passage - part of a UN convention which gives ships free passage through the world's chokepoints like the Strait of Gibraltar and the Malacca Strait. In the case of the Strait of Hormuz, shipping is channelled through two lanes heading in opposite directions, each one two nautical miles wide. This is called the Traffic Separation Scheme. Both Iran and the US Navy deploy warships to patrol this area and have narrowly avoided confrontation on several occasions. Once ships pass through the Strait of Hormuz and enter the Gulf they need to be wary of a contested area around the islands of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs. These are claimed by both Iran and the UAE but occupied solely by Iranian forces. Could the UK-Iran situation get worse? Iran appears to have been attempting to make good on its threat against British-flagged vessels in the wake of the seizure of an Iranian tanker off Gibraltar. But though this incident has a specifically bilateral dimension, it is also a powerful reminder that the tensions in the Gulf have not gone away. And with every sign that the dispute over the nuclear agreement with Iran is set to continue, things may only get worse. The episode may add some impetus to US-brokered efforts to muster an international naval force in the Gulf to protect international shipping. But most worrying of all, it shows that elements within the Iranian system - the Revolutionary Guard Corps's naval arm, or whatever - are intent on stoking the pressure. This inevitably plays into President Trump's hands as Britain and its key European partners struggle to keep the nuclear agreement alive. What we know about British Heritage It is understood British Heritage was not carrying cargo at the time of the incident with the Iranian boats. A spokesman for BP said: "Our top priority is the safety and security of our crews and vessels. "While we are not commenting on these events, we thank the Royal Navy for their support." The vessel is registered at the port of Douglas, in the Isle of Man. What are US-Iran tensions about? The US has blamed Iran for attacks on six oil tankers in May and June. On Wednesday the chairman of the US military's Joint Chiefs of Staff said it wanted to create a multi-national military coalition to safeguard waters around Iran and Yemen. The news followed the Trump administration's decision to pull out of an international agreement on Tehran's nuclear programme and reinforce punishing sanctions against Iran. European allies to the US, including the UK, have not followed suit. Iran's ambassador to the UN has insisted Europeans must do more to compensate Tehran for economic losses inflicted by US sanctions. Tehran has begun to nudge the levels of its enriched uranium beyond the limits of a nuclear deal agreed with a group of world powers, in small and calculated steps. Majid Takht-Ravanchi told the BBC, Iran would move to the "third phase" of its stepped-up uranium enrichment programme unless the Europeans kept promises to uphold the economic benefits of the accord. | পারস্য উপসাগরে কয়েকটি ইরানী নৌকা একটি ব্রিটিশ তেলবাহী ট্যাংকার আটকে দেয়ার চেষ্টা করেছিল। কিন্তু যুক্তরাজ্যের রয়্যাল নেভি'র জাহাজের তাড়া খেয়ে পিছু হটেছে বলে জানিয়েছে যুক্তরাজ্য সরকারের একজন মুখপাত্র। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Mr Trump reportedly used the term last week during a bipartisan Oval Office meeting on immigration reform. He has now told reporters: "I am not a racist. I'm the least racist person you have ever interviewed." It is the first time the president has responded directly to the racism accusations. He made the denial to White House press pool reporters at the Trump International Golf Club in West Palm Beach in Florida on Sunday night. What did the president allegedly say? The row broke out after lawmakers from both parties visited the president on Thursday to work on a proposal for a bipartisan immigration deal. In recent weeks the Trump administration has been withdrawing Temporary Protected Status (TPS) from a number of nationalities currently living in the country. Reports later emerged in US media that Mr Trump had asked during the meeting: "Why are we having all these people from shithole countries come here?" Mr Trump was said to have told them that instead of granting temporary residency to citizens of countries hit by natural disasters, war or epidemics, the US should be taking in migrants from countries like Norway. Accounts suggest that when Mr Trump was told that the largest groups of immigrants with the status were from El Salvador, Honduras and Haiti, the president responded: "Haitians? Do we need more Haitians?" Who backed up the claims? The president tweeted on Friday morning that the language he used in the meeting was "tough" but disputed the wording of the reports. He also posted another tweet denying he had insulted Haitians, accusing Democrats of making it up. But Senator Dick Durbin stood by claims, and said that Mr Trump had used "hate-filled, vile and racist" language during the meeting. Several senior Republican lawmakers at the meeting appeared on the Sunday shows to back up Mr Trump. Senator David Perdue said the reported slur was a "gross misrepresentation". On Friday, in the immediate aftermath, he had said he could not recall the conversation. But another Republican senator who was there, Lindsey Graham, did not deny the comments were made. "Following comments by the president, I said my piece directly to him yesterday. The president and all those attending the meeting know what I said and how I feel," he said. House Speaker Paul Ryan, a senior Republican, said that Donald Trump's immigration comments were "very unfortunate" and "unhelpful". Asked on Sunday on whether he thought the comments had made it harder to achieve any immigration deal, Mr Trump responded: "Have you seen what various senators said about my comments? They weren't made." What has the reaction been? The African Union on Friday demanded that the US president apologise expressing their "shock, dismay and outrage" at the "clearly racist" remarks. The UN human rights spokesman, Rupert Colville, told a Geneva news briefing: "There is no other word one can use but racist. You cannot dismiss entire countries and continents as 'shitholes'." South Africa's foreign office has summoned the deputy chief of mission at the US embassy to protest over the reported comments, although Ghana has denied media reports that it has done likewise. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) accused the president of falling "deeper and deeper into the rabbit hole of racism and xenophobia". Several Democratic representatives have said they intend to skip the president's State of the Union address later this month over the comments, accusing the president of racism. More on Trump's first year | আফ্রিকা সম্পর্কে আপত্তিকর মন্তব্যের জের ধরে বর্ণবাদী হিসেবে যে সমালোচনা হচ্ছে তা প্রত্যাখ্যান করেছেন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By M Ilyas KhanBBC News, Islamabad In its 70-year history, Pakistan has alternated between quasi-democracy and pure military rule. In the process it has become embroiled in international conflicts and morphed into a home base for Islamist militancy. Over the past decade, Pakistanis have witnessed democracy at its most undiluted thus far, but it's now under threat from what some say appears to be a "democratic coup" of sorts. And just as in the past, the country's powerful military establishment remains the chief suspect behind the fresh round of political manipulation. In the past, the military used to either stage a direct coup or use special powers to sack an elected government and then manipulate elections to ensure it wasn't re-elected. In 2008, those special powers were done away with, leading to a first in 2013: an elected government completing its five-year term. But since then the tide appears to have reversed, and critics say the establishment is resorting to more primitive tactics to recover its edge. A three-pronged approach is in evidence. First, as some legal experts have observed, the courts have selectively applied the law to clip the wings of the outgoing government, thereby creating an advantage for its rivals. On Sunday, Justice Shaukat Aziz Siddiqui of the Islamabad High Court said that the ISI intelligence service was interfering in the judiciary, and had pressured judges not to release convicted ex-PM Nawaz Sharif ahead of the vote. Mr Sharif was disqualified from office by the Supreme Court on questionable grounds last year, and has since been sentenced to 10 years in jail by a trial court, in a ruling which one legal expert described as an embarrassment to his community. According to the Dawn newspaper, Justice Siddiqui told the Rawalpindi Bar Association he was not afraid of speaking out against the powerful ISI, saying: "I am not afraid even if I am assassinated." Second, authorities have either looked the other way as banned militant groups have joined the election process, or have actively helped them to do so. And third, the military has been given what many call an obscenely large role in administering the voting process on election day. More on Pakistan's election The first two stages have already unfolded enough for one to see their preliminary results. Many candidates from Mr Sharif's PML-N have been lured to leave the party and either join the PTI party of rival and former cricketer Imran Khan, or stand as independents. There is evidence that those who have resisted such demands have faced physical violence, had their businesses attacked or have been disqualified from office. Other parties with a stake in undiluted democracy, such as the PPP party of assassinated former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, are also under threat. The party is now led by her widower, former President Asif Zardari, and fronted by their son, Bilawal Zardari Bhutto. Some PPP leaders have been named in renewed money-laundering allegations, while authorities in the field have been accused of disrupting its election campaign. The party, as well as other secular groups, also faces the prospect of militant attacks. One such party, the leftist Awami National Party, lost a prime candidate in a suicide attack in Peshawar last week. Two more candidates, including one from the PTI, have since been killed in similar attacks. In Balochistan, a secular candidate, Gizen Marri, has been battling travel restrictions and house arrest, while a man linked by many to sectarian militancy, Shafiq Mengal, is free to stand for election in a neighbouring constituency. Mr Marri is being stopped probably because of his strong views on provincial rights, an idea which runs contrary to the military's strictly centrist approach. But Mr Mengal's reported links to the sectarian Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ) militant group and his alleged involvement in several attacks in Balochistan are being ignored, secular parties say, apparently because he has been acting as the military's proxy against Baloch nationalists. In June, Pakistan removed another leader with LeJ links, Maulana Mohammad Ahmad Ludhianvi, from its terror watch list, apparently to free him up to lead his group in the election campaign, which it is contesting under a different name. The Jamatud Dawa (JuD) group, whose leader Hafiz Saeed is on a UN terror blacklist, has also been allowed to field candidates under the banner of a different party. Mr Saeed is accused of being behind co-ordinated attacks in Mumbai, India, that killed 166 people in November 2008. More recently, Fazlur Rehman Khalil, the founder of the Harkatul Mujahideen (HuM) militant group, ended his long hibernation to announce his support for Imran Khan's PTI party. He is on a US terrorism black list. Taken together, all of these moves point to a scenario where left-wing or pro-democracy parties are being squeezed by legal or physical threats. This has left the field open for Imran Khan's PTI party and the religious extremists. If this is any guide to the probable outcome, the aim appears to be to ensure no clear mandate for any one party, a result which the establishment can then manipulate to determine who the next prime minister will be. And since all of this is being done in plain sight, the media has been put under pressure - by unidentified authorities - to offer only selective coverage of events. So while on the surface the country still seems to be going through the motions of democracy, many say that what is actually happening is far from democratic. A former senator and columnist, Afrasiab Khattak, has called it a "creeping coup." This alleged effort has been "conceived by the deep state [meaning the military] and midwifed by the judiciary", he wrote in a recent newspaper column. And this has led, he said, to a "fascist-like strangulation of democratic freedoms and the media". | পাকিস্তানে আজ ১১তম জাতীয় নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হচ্ছে। কিন্তু দেশটিতে নিরঙ্কুশ গণতন্ত্রের স্বপ্ন আবারও ফিকে হয়ে যাবে, এমনটা আশংকা করা হচ্ছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The body of the victim, who belonged to a Muslim nomadic tribe, was found in a forest on 17 January near Kathua city of Indian-administered Kashmir. Outrage over the case has been growing. The trial began amid reports of another child being raped and murdered in the western state of Gujarat. The victim in this case is yet to be identified, but a police report detailing the extent of the injuries inflicted on her has been making headlines in the country. The Kathua rape case made headlines last week when Hindu right-wing groups protested over the arrest of the eight men, whose community had been involved in a land dispute with the Muslim nomads. Outrage grew after two ministers from India's ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) attended a rally in support of the accused men. Details of the injuries inflicted on the minor victim have also horrified many Indians. The accused include a retired government official, four police officers and a minor. The minor will be tried separately in accordance with India's juvenile act. The Jammu and Kashmir government has appointed two special public prosecutors for the case. | ভারতের কাশ্মীরে এক চাঞ্চল্যকর শিশু ধর্ষণ এবং হত্যার মামলায় আদালত ছয়জনকে দোষী সাব্যস্ত করেছে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Reality Check teamBBC News President Donald Trump has often said that he's keen to bring soldiers home from America's longest-running war. So we've been looking at how much the US has spent in Afghanistan since the war began. What forces did the US send? The US invaded Afghanistan in October 2001 to oust the Taliban, whom they said were harbouring Osama bin Laden and other al-Qaeda figures linked to the 9/11 attacks. US troop numbers in Afghanistan grew as Washington poured in billions of dollars to fight a Taliban insurgency and fund reconstruction. Between 2010 to 2012, when the US for a time had more than 100,000 soldiers in the country, the cost of the war grew to almost $100bn a year, according to US government figures. As the US military shifted its focus away from offensive operations and concentrated more on training up Afghan forces, costs fell sharply. Between 2016 and 2018 annual expenditure was around $40bn, and the estimated spend for 2019 (up to September) is $38bn. According to the US Department of Defense, the total military expenditure in Afghanistan (from October 2001 until September 2019) was $778bn. In addition, the US State Department - along with the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and other government agencies - spent $44bn on reconstruction projects. That brings the total cost - based on official data - to $822bn since the war began in 2001, but it doesn't include any spending in Pakistan, which the US uses as a base for Afghan-related operations. An independent study carried out by Brown University's Cost of War Project argues that the official US figures for the Afghan war are a substantial underestimate. It says that Congress has approved funds amounting to about one trillion dollars for Afghanistan as well as for Pakistan. Neta Crawford, co-director of the Cost of the War Project, also says this "does not include any of the other costs for war veterans' care, money spent on other government departments for war-related activities and the cost of interest on debt incurred to pay for the conflict," If you factor this in, the cost is closer to two trillion dollars, she adds. Where has the money gone? The bulk of the money has been spent on counter-insurgency operations, and on the needs of US troops such as food, clothing, medical care, special pay and benefits. Official data shows the US has also contributed approximately $137bn -16% of all money spent in the last 18 years - to reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan. And more than half of that ($86bn) has gone on building up Afghan security forces, including the Afghan National Army and police force. The rest has been mainly spent on improving governance and infrastructure, as well as on economic and humanitarian aid and anti-drug initiatives. The US has spent on average $1.5m day - or nearly $9bn since 2002 until September last year - on anti-narcotics efforts, yet UN figures show that the total estimated area devoted to opium poppy cultivation reached a record high in 2017. In 2017, the US watchdog responsible for the oversight of reconstruction efforts said that as much as $15.5bn had been lost on "waste, fraud and abuse" over the past 11 years. That figure is probably "only a portion" of the total waste, according to the watchdog, which added that US money "often exacerbated conflicts, enabled corruption, and bolstered support for insurgents". What about the human cost? Since the war against the Taliban began in 2001, US forces have suffered more than 2,300 deaths and around 20,660 soldiers injured in action. According to official figures, approximately 13,000 US military personnel were in Afghanistan as of December 2019, but there were also nearly 11,000 US civilians who were working as contractors. But US casualty figures are dwarfed by the loss of life among Afghan security forces and civilians. President Ghani said last year that more than 45,000 members of the Afghan security forces had been killed since he became president in 2014. Mr Ghani's decision to reveal casualty figures was unusual as the US and Afghan governments don't normally publish Afghan death tolls. However, some media reports say that in recent years Afghan security force fatalities have been very high, sometimes averaging 30-40 deaths a day. And according to the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (Unama), more than 100,000 civilians have been killed or injured since it began systematically recording civilian casualties in 2009. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter | আফগানিস্তানে যুদ্ধ শেষ করে একটি শান্তি চুক্তিতে পৌঁছাতে কয়েক মাস ধরে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র এবং তালেবানদের মধ্যে সমঝোতা আলোচনা চলছে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | "If Iran wants to fight, that will be the official end of Iran," he said in a tweet on Sunday. "Never threaten the United States again!" Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif tweeted in response that such "genocidal taunts won't 'end Iran'". The US has deployed additional warships and planes to the Gulf in recent days. But Mr Trump's tweet marks a shift in tone after recent attempts to downplay the possibility of military conflict. In an interview with Fox News broadcast on Sunday, the president vowed that he would not let Iran develop nuclear weapons but said he did not want a conflict. "I'm not somebody that wants to go into war, because war hurts economies, war kills people most importantly - by far most importantly," he said. Iran has also moved to talk down concerns over the escalating tensions. On Saturday, its foreign minister insisted there was no appetite for war. "There will not be a war since neither we want a war nor does anyone have the illusion they can confront Iran in the region," Mr Zarif told state news agency Irna. On Monday he dismissed Mr Trump's tweet, saying the president "hopes to achieve what Alexander [the Great], Genghis [Khan] & other aggressors failed to do." "Iranians have stood tall for millennia while aggressors all gone. #EconomicTerrorism & genocidal taunts won't 'end Iran'," he added. "#NeverThreatenAnIranian. Try respect—it works!" President Trump, after appearing to dial down the tensions with Iran, has now seemingly threatened catastrophic consequences if there is any attack against US interests or facilities. It underscores the mercurial approach of the US president to world affairs - restraint one moment and bluster the next. Such an approach is hugely destabilising and could contribute to Tehran misjudging US intentions. All of the ingredients for a confrontation are there: a lack of clarity in the US approach; the potential desire by Iran to push matters to the brink; and a series of incidents in the region itself (the recent sabotage against a small number of oil tankers and the rocket attack near the US compound in Baghdad) which demonstrate that there are elements on the ground eager to inflame tensions and test the US administration's resolve. Why are there tensions? The latest frictions come after Iran suspended its commitments under the 2015 international nuclear deal, and threatened to resume production of enriched uranium which is used to make reactor fuel and nuclear weapons. The deal aimed to cut sanctions on Iran in exchange for an end to its nuclear programme, but the US unilaterally withdrew from the agreement last year. Calling the deal "defective", Mr Trump then re-imposed sanctions. Tehran has allegedly placed missiles on boats in the Gulf, and US investigators reportedly believe the country damaged four tankers off the coast of the United Arab Emirates, claims Iran has denied. What's the latest in the Gulf? On Sunday, the Iraqi military said a rocket had been fired into Baghdad's heavily-fortified Green Zone, which houses government buildings and foreign embassies. It reportedly hit an abandoned building near to the US embassy. There were no casualties and it is not yet clear who was behind the attack. A State Department spokesman however said the US will hold Iran responsible "if any such attacks are conducted by its proxy militia forces". Mr Trump's threats on Twitter came hours after the first reports of the rocket attack. In recent days, the US has deployed the USS Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrier to the region and reportedly drawn up plans to send 120,000 troops to the Middle East. Diplomatic staff have been ordered to leave Iraq, and the US military have raised the threat level in the region because of alleged intelligence about Iran-backed forces - contradicting a British general who had said there was "no increased threat". Dutch and German soldiers said they had suspended their military training programmes in the country. Separately, Saudi Arabia accused Tehran of a drone attack on a pipeline on Friday. It alleged that Houthi rebels in Yemen conducted the strike on Iran's orders. A state-aligned Saudi newspaper called for the US to launch attacks on the country. Iran denies the allegations. | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প ইরানকে সতর্ক করে বলেছেন, আমেরিকার সাথে যদি যুদ্ধ শুরু হয়, তাহলে ইরান ধ্বংস হয়ে যাবে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Hamza Kashgari posted a controversial tweet on the prophet's birthday last week that sparked more than 30,000 responses and several death threats. He was held on arriving at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on Thursday, officials said on Friday. It is unclear if the newspaper columnist will be extradited. The 23-year-old tweeted on Saturday: "I have loved things about you and I have hated things about you and there is a lot I don't understand about you. I will not pray for you," the AFP news agency reported. He has apologised for his remarks and removed the offending tweets, but that did not stem the outrage. Clerics have called for him to be charged in court. It is considered blasphemous to insult the prophet. Blasphemy can be punishable by death in Saudi Arabia. Malaysian authorities did not say where Mr Kashgari flew to Kuala Lumpur from. He allegedly fled his country after the Saudi king ordered his arrest, said Twitter users. His Twitter account appears to have been deleted. Muslim-majority Malaysia does not have a formal extradition treaty with Saudi Arabia. However, an official who did not wish to be named told the AFP news agency that Mr Kashgari could be extradited under other bilateral security agreements. It was reported earlier that Interpol had sought the journalist's arrest, but a spokesman denied Interpol's involvement in the case. | বাংলাদেশে ইসলামের নবী মুহাম্মদকে অবমাননা করার অভিযোগে একজন ব্লগারকে গতরাতে গ্রেপ্তার করেছে পুলিশ। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | An investigation found that "missiles fired due to human error", President Hassan Rouhani said. He described the crash as an "unforgivable mistake". The military said the jet turned towards a sensitive site belonging to Iran's Revolutionary Guards and was then mistaken for a cruise missile. Iran had previously rejected suggestions that it was to blame. The downing of Ukraine International Airlines flight PS752 on Wednesday came just hours after Iran carried out missile strikes on two airbases housing US forces in Iraq. The strikes were a response to the killing of senior Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani in a US drone strike in Baghdad on 3 January. Iran initially denied reports that one of its missiles had brought down the Ukrainian plane near the capital, Tehran. But pressure quickly mounted after Western intelligence officials said evidence pointed to Iranian involvement. The Ukrainian flight, which was en route to Kyiv, came down near Imam Khomeini Airport shortly after take-off. Victims included dozens of Iranians and Canadians, as well as nationals from Ukraine, the UK, Afghanistan and Germany. What explanation did Iran give? On Saturday morning, an Iranian military statement read on state TV announced that it had struck flight PS752 with a missile by mistake. It said the plane had turned towards a "sensitive military centre" of the Revolutionary Guards, a force set up to defend the country's Islamic system. The statement said it had the "flying posture and altitude of an enemy target". Because of heightened tensions with the US, Iran's military "was at its highest level of readiness", the statement added. "In such a condition, because of human error and in an unintentional way, the flight was hit." The military apologised for downing the plane, saying it would upgrade its systems to prevent such "mistakes" in the future. It added that those responsible would be held accountable and prosecuted. Ukraine International Airlines denies that the plane veered from its expected course before the crash. It says officials should have closed the airport. Brig-Gen Amir Ali Hajizadeh, the Revolutionary Guards aerospace commander, said the force took "full responsibility" for the crash. He said a request had been made for a no-fly zone in the area before the incident but - for reasons that are unclear - this was rejected. Gen Hajizadeh also said the aircraft was shot down by a short-range missile that exploded next to it. He said he informed the authorities about what had happened on Wednesday, days before Iran publicly admitted its involvement. Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei ordered the military to investigate "the possible shortcomings or mistakes" that led to the crash. In a statement, he said there was "proof of human error" and confirmed that he had "requested the relevant authorities to take necessary measures to prevent" it happening again. Foreign Minister Javad Zarif apologised to the families of the victims but laid part of the blame on the US. "Human error at a time of crisis caused by US adventurism led to [this] disaster," he said. And Iran's ambassador to the UK, Hamid Baeidinejad, apologised for sharing "wrong findings" about the crash. He had said Iran was "confident" that a missile had not been launched. "I conveyed the official findings... that [a] missile could not be fired and hit the Ukrainian plane at that period of time," he said. "I apologise." An act of de-escalation This is a major admission at a crucial moment for Iran. Taking responsibility for such a tragic error is highly unusual, but so is the crisis that now confronts the Islamic Republic. Iran has decided it has to own this disaster to avoid it triggering another war of words with the West or exacerbating further anger and anguish among its own people, who are reeling from one calamity after another. Make no mistake, this admission was an act of de-escalation. The repercussions at home may soon be clear. Iran's foreign minister has already sought to shift blame by saying it was "a crisis caused by US adventurism". But the big question now is: who took the decision to allow a civilian airliner to take off when Iran's airspace was shot through with such tension? What has the reaction been? There were 57 Canadian nationals on board the downed flight and the country's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau described the crash as "a national tragedy". In a statement, he demanded "transparency and justice for the families and loved ones of the victims". "We will continue working with our partners around the world to ensure a complete and thorough investigation," he said. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called on Iran to punish those responsible. "We expect Iran... to bring the guilty to the courts," he said. Elsewhere, the president of Ukraine International Airlines said: "We didn't doubt for a second that our crew and our plane couldn't be the cause for this horrible crash". "These were our best guys and girls. The best," Yevhenii Dykhne said of the nine crew members who were on board. Separately, Ukraine's top security official said his country's investigators had gathered conclusive evidence of a missile strike before Iran admitted responsibility on Saturday. Oleksiy Danilov showed the BBC's Jonah Fisher photographs of the aircraft which he said proved it had been downed by a missile. The president's office also released images which it said supported this. What happened before Iran's announcement? The statement marks a stark departure from the denials of recent days. As recently as Friday, Iran was insistent that the plane had not been shot down. "The thing that is clear to us and that we can say with certainty is that this plane was not hit by a missile," Iran's Civil Aviation Organisation (CAOI) chief Ali Abedzadeh said. On Thursday, government spokesman Ali Rabiei accused the US and its allies of "lying and engaging in psychological warfare" by speculating about the cause of the crash. But as evidence pointing to a missile strike built, calls for a transparent investigation grew louder. Video obtained by the New York Times appeared to show a missile streaking across the night sky and then exploding on contact with a plane. On Thursday, TV images showed a mechanical digger helping to clear debris from the crash site, raising concerns that important evidence could have been removed. In response, Iran promised a full investigation, inviting air accident agencies from Ukraine, Canada and the US to take part. A missile strike on a passenger plane is not unprecedented. In 1988, an Iranian aircraft was shot down in error by a US navy warship and 290 people were killed. And in 2014, a Russian-made missile hit a Malaysian civilian airliner over Ukraine, killing 298 people. | ইরানের সামরিক বাহিনী জানিয়েছে, অনিচ্ছাকৃতভাবে ইউক্রেনের যাত্রীবাহী বিমানটিকে ভূপাতিত করেছে তারা। যাতে ১৭৬ আরোহী নিহত হয়েছে। ইরানের রাষ্ট্রীয় টেলিভিশনের প্রতিবেদনে এ কথা জানানো হয়। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | Named as Omar Khan, Sabeer and Saheer, they are related to three women killed after being filmed singing and clapping at a wedding in 2011. Their bodies were never found. Two men they were with are still in hiding. The fates of another two women are unknown. The killings sparked a blood feud which left another four dead. Five other men were acquitted by the court in Besham, in north-western Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Why were they killed? The exact details of what took place are not entirely clear. A video emerged in 2011 which appeared to show a group of women - named as Bazeegha, Sereen Jan, Begum Jan and Amina - at a wedding, singing and clapping. A fifth woman - Shaheen, who was under 18 - is also thought to have been present. It also showed a man dancing - although they were never in the same shot together. A second man is said to have been filming. It was enough, in the remote northern Kohistan district where matters of family honour are settled in blood, to warrant at least three of the women's deaths. According to local custom, male family members of a woman suspected of an out-of-wedlock liaison - even of a seemingly innocuous nature - should first kill the woman, and then go after the man. The family of the man would not oppose this action, correspondents say. It meant everyone in the video - which was seen as "breaching the honour" of the women's family - was in danger. How did it come to light? The wider world learned of the video in 2012 when Afzal Kohistani - brother of the two men involved - broke the code of silence to allege the women had been murdered, in order to save his siblings' lives. His campaign for justice prompted the Supreme Court to order an investigation into the killings. Investigators trekked for two days to the remote village and were initially presented with three women the locals claimed were those missing. The claims were later dismissed as false. It took until 2018 for a judge to finally order a court case into three deaths. Bazigha's father Sabeer, Seren Jan's father Saheer and Begum Jan's brother Omar Khan have now been given life sentences. However, it is unclear what charges they were found guilty of and further details are still awaited. But Afzal Kohistani did not live to see the sentencing. His decision to speak out led to three of his other brothers being killed in 2013, while his house was firebombed and destroyed. Six men were convicted of those killings but later acquitted. Then, in March 2019, Afzal Kohistani was shot dead in the north-western city of Abbottabad. His death led activists to question why he hadn't been given adequate protection when he was a known target. His brothers remain in hiding. What is an 'honour killing'? It is the killing of a member of a family who is perceived to have brought dishonour upon relatives. Pressure group Human Rights Watch says the most common reasons are that the victim: But killings can be carried out for more trivial reasons, like dressing in a way deemed inappropriate or displaying behaviour seen as disobedient. | পাকিস্তানের অন্যতম আলোচিত 'অনার কিলিং' বা 'সম্মান রক্ষার্থে হত্যার' ঘটনার মামলায় তিন ব্যক্তি যাবজ্জীবন কারাদণ্ড দিয়েছে দেশটির একটি আদালত। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | He said his original instinct was to pull US forces out, but had instead decided to stay and "fight to win" to avoid the mistakes made in Iraq. He said he wanted to shift from a time-based approach in Afghanistan to one based on conditions on the ground, adding he would not set deadlines. However, the US president warned it was not a "blank cheque" for Afghanistan. "America will work with the Afghan government, so long as we see commitment and progress," he said. The Taliban responded by saying that Afghanistan would become "another graveyard" for the US if it did not withdraw its troops. What is the new strategy? President Trump has committed to stepping up the US military's engagement in Afghanistan, but details were few and far between. He said his new approach would be more pragmatic than idealistic, and would switch from nation building to "killing terrorists". But he refused to get drawn on how many extra troops, if any, would be deployed and gave no timeline for ending the US presence in the country. Washington is expected to send up to 4,000 additional troops, but Mr Trump did not comment on this. The president did, however, put pressure on neighbouring Pakistan, warning that the US would no longer tolerate it offering "safe havens" to extremists - an accusation swiftly dismissed by a Pakistani army spokesman. The president also, for the first time, left the door open for an eventual peace deal with the Taliban, saying: "Someday, after an effective military effort, perhaps it will be possible to have a political settlement that includes elements of the Taliban in Afghanistan." However, Mr Trump said there would be an escalation in the battle against groups like al-Qaeda and so-called Islamic State. "[They] need to know they have nowhere to hide - that no place is beyond the reach of American arms," he said. Meanwhile, Mr Trump made it clear he expects his existing allies - singling out India - to support him in his new strategy, and urged them to raise their countries' contributions "in line with our own". Read more on Trump's presidency: The key is in Islamabad, not Kabul By Secunder Kermani, BBC correspondent in Kabul Even with a few thousand extra US soldiers in Afghanistan - deployment levels would remain far lower than their peak in 2010/11 when there were around 100,000 US personnel in the country. So what is different this time? Firstly, that there is no deadline by which the US will begin to scale operations back. Critics of President Obama's surge say that because he made it clear it was temporary - the Taliban were encouraged to wait the Americans out. The second difference is that the US will put more pressure on Pakistan to end "safe havens" for the Taliban, according to President Trump. One analyst told me that the key to solving the conflict lies in Islamabad not in Afghanistan. But it is not clear how much leverage the US still has over Pakistan - or how Pakistan will respond to the accusations, given its consistent denial that it operates a "good terrorist, bad terrorist" policy. Pakistan has grown increasingly close to China, and has already had millions of dollars of US aid withheld for allegedly not taking enough action against the Taliban-allied Haqqani network. Is Trump flip-flopping? Before his presidency, Mr Trump was not shy about criticising his predecessors on their Afghanistan policy. He previously supported pulling US troops out of the conflict, which began under President George W Bush in 2001 after the 9/11 attacks. Early on in his presidential campaign, however, he did acknowledge that US troops would have to stay in order to avoid the total collapse of the Afghan government. And this long-awaited announcement came after a months-long review, with the president himself acknowledging that his original instinct to pull-out had been reversed after discussions with national security advisers. BBC correspondent Aleem Maqbool in Washington says the people who might object to Mr Trump's strategy are the very ones who voted for him. They were told the president would focus on a policy of "America First", but he now says he wants a win in Afghanistan to make all the sacrifice worthwhile, our correspondent adds. What is the reaction? Afghan President Ashraf Ghani welcomed the plan, saying: "The US-Afghan partnership is stronger than ever in overcoming the threat of terrorism that threaten us all." He said the new strategy would enhance the training of Afghan security forces. Nato chief Jens Stoltenberg also praised the move and said the alliance, which has about 12,000 troops in Afghanistan, would not allow the country to become "a safe haven for terrorists who would attack our own countries". General John Nicholson, the head of both US and international forces in Afghanistan, said it "means the Taliban cannot win militarily". But Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid dismissed Mr Trump's strategy as "nothing new", telling the US to think of an exit strategy "instead of continuing the war". US combat operations against the Taliban officially ended in 2014, more than 8,000 special forces continue to provide support to Afghan troops. The Afghan government continues to battle insurgency groups and controls just half of the country. | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প বলেছেন, আফগানিস্তান থেকে মার্কিন বাহিনীর হঠাৎ করে সরে গেলে সেখানে যে শূণ্যতা তৈরি হবে সেটি পূরণ করবে সন্ত্রাসীরা। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Hindu and Muslim couples usually approach Dhanak when their families deny them permission to marry. Aged between 20-30 years, the harried men and women want the group to talk to their families or help them seek legal assistance. Among the couples who come to Dhanak, 52% are Hindu women planning to marry Muslim men; and 42% are Muslim women planning to marry Hindu men "Both Hindu and Muslim families in India fiercely oppose interfaith marriages," Asif Iqbal, founder of Dhanak, told me. "They will stoop to any level to stop them. Parents even smear the reputation of their daughters to dissuade her lover's family. The so-called 'love-jihad' is another weapon to discourage such relationships." The bogey of "love-jihad", a term radical Hindu groups use to accuse Muslim men of converting Hindu women by marriage, has returned to haunt India's interfaith relationships. Last week, police in northern Uttar Pradesh state held a Muslim man for allegedly trying to convert a Hindu woman to Islam - he was the first to be arrested under a new anti-conversion law that targets love-jihad. At least four other states ruled by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party are planning similar laws. Party spokespeople say such laws are required to stop "deception, fraud and misrepresentation". "When a Hindu man marries a Muslim woman, it is always portrayed as romance and love by Hindu organisations, while when the reverse happens it is depicted as coercion," says Charu Gupta, a historian at University of Delhi, who has researched the "myth of love jihad" . Love remains difficult - and dangerous - in large swathes of India where patriarchy, kinship, religion, caste and family honour hold sway. Yet young men and women across the divides are braving centuries of social resistance in villages and small towns. Helped by mobile phones, cheap data and social networking sites, they are meeting and falling in love in greater numbers than ever before. They are breaking what writer Arundhati Roy, in her Booker-prize winning novel The God of Small Things, described as "love laws" that "lay down who should be loved…And how…And how much". Monogamous, arranged, heterosexual and same-community marriages are idealised - more than 90% of all marriages in India are arranged. Interfaith marriages are rare. One study put them at just over 2%. Many believe the spectre of love jihad is resurrected from time to time by Hindu groups for political gains. That such strident campaigns against interfaith unions have a long and chequered history in India is well-documented. In the backdrop of rising religious tensions in the 1920s and 1930s, Hindu nationalist groups in parts of northern India launched a campaign against "kidnapping" of Hindu women by Muslim men and demanded the recovery of their Hindu wives. A Hindu group was set up in United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state) to prevent Muslims from allegedly kidnapping Hindu women. In 1924, a Muslim bureaucrat in the city of Kanpur was accused of "abducting and seducing" a Hindu girl and forcefully converting her. A Hindu group demanded the "recovery" of the woman from the bureaucrat's house. The abduction of Hindu women was even debated in parliament in colonial India. The Indian National Congress, now the main opposition party, passed a resolution saying that "women who have been abducted and forcibly married must be restored to their houses; mass conversions have no significance or validity and people must be given every opportunity to return to the life of their choice". When India was partitioned into two separate states in August 1947, one million died and 15 million were displaced as Muslims fled to Pakistan, and Hindus and Sikhs headed in the opposite direction. Women often bore the brunt of the violence, creating another deep fault-line. In recent times Hindu nationalist groups have raised the bogey of "love jihad" ahead of elections to polarise voters. One instance was during local elections in Uttar Pradesh in 2014. Prof Gupta says Hindu groups launched an "orchestrated propaganda campaign", using posters, rumours and gossip, against the "supposed abductions and conversion of Hindu women by Muslim men, ranging from allegations of rape and forced marriage, to elopement, love, luring and conversion". Mouthpieces of the right-wing Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the BJP's ideological fountainhead, carried cover stories on "love jihad" and urged people to raise the slogan "love for ever, love jihad never!". It was not only the stereotyping of the Muslim male that fed the narrative. There were rumours about a "global Islamist conspiracy" to lure Hindu women. It was alleged that Muslim men were receiving funds from abroad to purchase expensive clothes and cars and gifts and even posing as Hindus to woo Hindu women. A BJP spokesperson in Uttar Pradesh said this was "part of a global love jihad that targets vulnerable Hindu girls". All this was an "attempt at political and religious mobilisation in the name of women", according to Prof Gupta. There are striking similarities between the 'love jihad' campaigns of the past and present, say scholars. But with time, the campaign has been more forceful as it has been led by the ruling BJP. "Before Independence such campaigns were buried in the inside pages of newspaper. There were no mainstream parties or leaders stoking such tensions. Now it is a front-page subject and the state is critically involved in enforcing these laws. Social media and messaging services are being used to spread the message that Muslim men are forcibly converting Hindu women for marriage," says Prof Gupta. Many say conversions happen when couples opt for a religious marriage to "escape" India's Special Marriage Act, which allows interfaith marriages only after a month's notice to the authorities containing the couple's personal details. So couples fear that their families will intervene to prevent the wedding. Introducing laws to restrict choices consenting interfaith adults make about their partners now introduces a culture of fear which both parents and authorities can use to warn young people. On the other hand, more and more men and women are also braving caste and religious divides to fall in love and break away from their families. Many are finding shelter in state-run safe-houses at a time when the state itself is trying to clamp down on such unions. "Love is complex and tough in India," says Mr Iqbal. | প্রতি বছর কম-বেশি এক হাজার দম্পতি - যারা ভিন্ন ধর্মের কাউকে জীবনসঙ্গী হিসাবে বেছে নিয়েছেন- সাহায্যের জন্য দিল্লিতে একটি বেসরকারি সংস্থার দ্বারস্থ হন। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | "Is there any one of the Royal Family who wants to be king or queen? I don't think so," he told Newsweek. And he said the royals were doing it "for the greater good of the people". The prince also spoke about walking in the funeral procession for his mother, Princess Diana, when he was 12, saying no child "should be asked to do that". In 1997, Harry joined his father, the Prince of Wales, grandfather, the Duke of Edinburgh, 15-year-old brother, the Duke of Cambridge, and uncle, Earl Spencer, in the procession through the streets of London. Harry, who recently said he had received counselling to cope with the death of his mother in a car crash in Paris, said: "My mother had just died, and I had to walk a long way behind her coffin, surrounded by thousands of people watching me while millions more did on television. "I don't think any child should be asked to do that, under any circumstances. I don't think it would happen today." The Prince also talked about the role he and his brother are taking in what he called "modernising the monarchy". He also paid tribute to his "remarkable" grandmother for letting the younger royals do things their own way. "The Queen has been fantastic in letting us choose," he says. "She tells us to take our time and really think things through." An interview to 'raise eyebrows' By Peter Hunt, BBC royal correspondent This is an interview that will generate some sympathy - a prince still struggling with the death of his mother - and raise some eyebrows. Such a reaction will be prompted by Harry's suggestion that the Windsors aren't exactly falling over each other to fill what his mother once called "the top job", when it becomes vacant. The Queen's heirs, he implies, will take on a position of enormous privilege because they have to, not because they want to. And despite the prince's important caveat that the royals do what they do for the greater good and not for themselves, his words have generated the Daily Mail headline "Harry: No Royal Wants Throne". Prince Harry is on marginally safer ground talking about his mother's funeral even though his comments do contain an implied criticism of his immediate family. They could have decided in 1997 that he was too young to walk, so publicly, behind Diana's coffin. There is one other striking aspect to this lengthy article. It contains no comments, by Harry, about his father. 'My own shopping' Prince Harry told the magazine, which says it was given access to the prince for nearly a year, that he was "involved in modernising the British monarchy". "It's a tricky balancing act. We don't want to dilute the magic. The British public and the whole world need institutions like it." Harry praised Princess Diana for playing a part in showing him an ordinary life, saying people would be "amazed" at how ordinary his and Prince William's lives were. "I do my own shopping. Sometimes... I worry someone will snap me with their phone. But I am determined to have a relatively normal life and if I am lucky enough to have children, they can have one too. "Even if I was king, I would do my own shopping." You might also like: Get news from the BBC in your inbox, each weekday morning | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের একটি ম্যাগাজিনকে দেয়া এক সাক্ষাৎকারে প্রিন্স হ্যারি বলেছেন রাজপরিবারের কেউ রাজা বা রানী হতে চায় না। একইসাথে তিনি বলেছেন "প্রয়োজনের সময় আমরা আমাদের দায়িত্ব-কর্তব্য পালন করবো"। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | He said that cultural and historical change had led to a "dissolution" of morality in Catholicism. The sexual revolution in the 1960s had led to homosexuality and paedophilia in Catholic establishments, he claimed. The letter sparked fierce criticism from theologians who claim it is "deeply flawed". Vatican expert Joshua McElwee said in the National Catholic Reporter: "It does not address structural issues that abetted abuse cover-up, or Benedict's own contested 24-year role as head of the Vatican's powerful doctrinal office." Some allegations of child sex abuse by priests that have emerged date back to decades before the 1960s, the decade that Pope Benedict claims sparked the abuse crisis. Julie Rubio, a Catholic theologian, said in a tweet that the letter was "profoundly troubling". It is rare for Pope Benedict, who in 2013 was the first to resign in almost 600 years, to intervene in clerical matters. He had been accused of failing to protect children and suppressing investigations, allegations he denied. The only solution to the problem, the former Pope said, was "obedience and love for our Lord Jesus Christ". His analysis of the sex abuse scandals that have rocked the Roman Catholic Church takes a more theological and historical approach than Pope Francis. At a summit in February, the current pontiff called for "concrete measures" to tackle the crisis, not just "simple and obvious condemnations". As he had "served in a position of responsibility as shepherd of the church" when more cases emerged, Pope Benedict said he wanted to "contribute to a new beginning". Published in the German Catholic magazine Klerusblatt, the 5,500-word letter is divided into three parts. Paedophilia 'allowed and appropriate' The first part presents the "wider social context of the question", lamenting the 1960s as a time when "previously normative standards regarding sexuality collapsed entirely". He blames sexual films, images of nudity and "the clothing of that time" leading to "mental collapse" and "violence". At the time of the sexual revolution, "Catholic moral theology suffered a collapse that rendered the Church defenceless against these changes in society", he said. The sexual revolution led to paedophilia being "diagnosed as allowed and appropriate". Sexual revolution led to 'homosexual cliques' Next, the letter examines how this period affected the "dissolution of the Christian concept of morality", particularly in Catholic educational institutions. In some cases, bishops "sought to bring about a kind of new, modern" Catholicism and the sexual revolution led to "homosexual cliques" in seminaries. He claimed one bishop showed his students pornographic films to make them "resistant to behaviour contrary to the faith". "The question of paedophilia, as I recall, did not become acute until the second half of the 1980s," he said. Society without God 'loses its measure' The letter concludes by advocating a return to faith. "Why did paedophilia reach such proportions?" he questions. "Ultimately, the reason is the absence of God." He says "the death of God in a society" means "the end of freedom" and the solution is to "live by God and unto Him". Finally, Pope Benedict thanks his replacement, Pope Francis, "for everything he does to show us, again and again, the light of God, which has not disappeared, even today". Pope Francis said in a letter in published in 2018 that the Church "did not act in a timely manner" on the issue of child sexual abuse, and "showed no care for the little ones; we abandoned them". | পোপের দায়িত্ব থেকে যিনি অবসর নিয়েছেন, সেই ষোড়শ বেনেডিক্ট একটি চিঠি প্রকাশ করেছেন যাতে যাজকদের যৌন নিপীড়নের জন্য ১৯৬০ দশকের "অবাধ যৌন স্বাধীনতা"-কে দায়ী করা হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | It is the latest in a series of high-profile departures from President Trump's team. There has been speculation that Mr Cohn, a supporter of free trade, was angered by Mr Trump's plans to impose tariffs on aluminium and steel imports. In a statement released by the White House, Mr Cohn said it had been "an honour to serve my country". The 57-year-old former president of the Goldman Sachs bank had helped Mr Trump push through his sweeping tax reforms late last year. Why has Mr Cohn gone? Gary Cohn and President Trump were never believed to be close. Mr Cohn wasn't specific about the reasons, saying in a statement it had been "an honour to serve my country and enact pro-growth economic policies to benefit the American people, in particular the passage of historic tax reform". Once that mission had been achieved, a number of differences may have prompted the departure, including the possible looming trade tariff war and his differences on that issue with trade adviser Peter Navarro and Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross. Mr Cohn had reportedly set up a meeting between Mr Trump and business executives who opposed the tariffs move. But Mr Trump pulled out of that meeting and on Tuesday reportedly asked Mr Cohn in the Oval Office to back the tariffs publicly. Mr Cohn did not answer, sources told Bloomberg. In August last year, Mr Cohn had also criticised Mr Trump over his reaction to a far-right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, saying the administration "can and must do better". He was reported to have drafted a resignation letter after the event. What has the White House said? An official said: "For several weeks Gary had been discussing with the president that it was nearing time for him to transition out." The exact departure date had yet to be determined. In a statement, Mr Trump said: "Gary... did a superb job in driving our agenda, helping to deliver historic tax cuts and reforms and unleashing the American economy once again. "He is a rare talent and I thank him for his dedicated service to the American people." And the markets? Analysts were pointing to the resignation of Mr Cohn, a free market advocate, as one reason behind a drop in shares across Asia on Wednesday. The Nikkei closed 0.77% down and the Hang Seng 1.03%. Rick Meckler of LibertyView Capital Management told Reuters that Mr Cohn was "very credible" and the resignation announcement "certainly causes short-term downward pressure". The dollar continued its retreat against the yen, down from 113 at the start of the year to 105.6 on Wednesday. European stocks also opened lower, the FTSE 100 and pan-Europe STOXX 600 falling about 0.5% after opening. Does this herald a new direction? Analysis by Anthony Zurcher, BBC News, Washington Gary Cohn was a bit of a stranger in a strange land. He was a Democrat in a Republican White House; an economic globalist working for a president who campaigned on economic nationalism. Now, it seems, Donald Trump's protectionist bent has pushed the top administration economic adviser to the exit. This was not an unexpected development. By many accounts, there had been a contentious White House fight over whether to impose sweeping sanctions on US steel and aluminium imports - a tug-of-war that was settled, precipitously, by the president himself last week. There were the rumours that Mr Cohn was only sticking around to see last year's tax bill over the finish line, after his extreme discomfort following the president's warm words about some of the white nationalist marchers involved in violent clashes in Charlottesville last August. Mr Cohn was reportedly viewed by many Trump loyalists in the White House as an unwelcome interloper. Some on the outside, particularly in the financial world, welcomed him as a moderating influence - along with son-in-law Jared Kushner and daughter Ivanka. Now the former is leaving and the latter two seem greatly weakened. All this could mark a sharp new direction in White House policy. What's the trade tariff dispute about? Last week, Mr Trump announced he would be imposing steep tariffs on steel and aluminium imports - 25% and 10% respectively. He is yet to sign them into effect. He has regularly argued that other countries have been "taking advantage of" the US on trade for decades. Trading partners reacted angrily. The EU, which says the steel and aluminium tariffs could cost it €2.8bn ($3.48bn; £2.5bn) a year, has now drawn up a $3.5bn hit list of retaliatory tariffs. These include higher import duties on bourbon, peanut butter, cranberries, orange juice, steel and industrial products, EU trade commissioner Cecilia Malmstrom said. There are now fears of a global trade war. Mr Trump said on Tuesday: "When we're behind on every single country, trade wars aren't so bad." But there is disquiet at his proposals even among members of Mr Trump's Republican party. House Speaker Paul Ryan was one of those urging Mr Trump to have a "smarter" plan that was "more surgical and more targeted" and avoided the "unintended consequences" of a trade war. Who will replace Mr Cohn? Mr Trump tweeted that he would pick Mr Cohn's replacement "soon". "Many people wanting the job - will choose wisely!" he added. Possible candidates mooted by US media include Peter Navarro and Larry Kudlow, a conservative commentator and 2016 campaign adviser. President Trump tweeted that there was no chaos at the White House but there were "still... some people that I want to change". 'Sensible adult' leaves: US media on Cohn's departure A piece in Bloomberg carries the concerns of Wall St operators that the White House is losing experienced financial experts. Kathy Wylde, who runs the Partnership for New York City, says: "Gary was one that we counted on." A Washington Post article headlined "Gary Cohn didn't get much done. But it could be worse - and it probably will" says the adviser was an "odd duck" but that it is hard to fault him, given "the Trump administration has been too understaffed and unfocused to get much done". An editorial in the New York Times says Gary Cohn was "supposed to be among the sensible adults in the room. Now, he is leaving after failing repeatedly to be the stabilising influence that the Trump administration sorely needed". Bill Powell in Newsweek says there are two things Donald Trump really likes - a rising stock market and tariffs. But one thing the resignation of Gary Cohn makes abundantly clear, he says, is that "you can't have both... the world just doesn't work that way". | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের শীর্ষ অর্থনৈতিক উপদেষ্টা গ্যারি কন পদত্যাগ করতে যাচ্ছেন বলে হোয়াইট হাউজ জানিয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Kevin PonniahBBC News It is the showpiece of the oil- and gas-rich nation's efforts to turn its financial largesse into outsized global influence and visibility, a two-decades long effort that includes its successful bid to host the 2022 World Cup. But there are growing fears that the current diplomatic crisis in Qatar could place the high-profile network's future in jeopardy. Al Jazeera's broadcasting has caused controversy and drawn anger in various Arab states, not least in Egypt after the fall of Hosni Mubarak during the Arab Spring and the subsequent ousting of the elected president, Mohammed Morsi - a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood. It has already been caught up in the current crisis, with its website blocked by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Egypt and Bahrain in late May. Those nations all severed ties with Qatar on 5 June, accusing the country of supporting extremism. Saudi Arabia has closed Al Jazeera's offices and withdrawn its broadcast licence, saying it promotes terrorist "plots", supports Houthi militias that Saudi Arabia is fighting in Yemen, and has attempted to "break the Saudi internal ranks". Al Jazeera says it is "not partisan to any ideology, group or government". Qatar crisis: What's it about? Qatar travel: What does it mean for me? Qatar now finds itself isolated and vulnerable. It denies backing terrorist groups but will be pressed for concessions in order to resolve the tense situation, which left its international airport, a key hub, virtually deserted, and residents stocking up on food supplies. BBC Arabic's Feras Kilani, in Doha, says sources tell him that media reforms will be a key condition placed on Qatar. Al Jazeera might not be closed but its editorial policies will have to change, he says, while the newer Qatari Al-Araby TV network, based in London, could be shuttered. "For many years Al Jazeera has been a bone of contention for the Gulf states and Egypt, even before its heyday of rolling news coverage during the Arab Spring," writes the Emirati commentator Sultan Sooud al-Qassemi. He points out that in 2002, Saudi Arabia was angered over coverage of its peace plan for the Israel-Palestinian conflict and recalled its ambassador from Qatar as a result. An ambassador was only sent back in 2008. In 2014, Qatar promised to stop "interfering" in its Gulf neighbours' domestic politics to resolve another diplomatic spat that saw Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Bahrain withdraw their ambassadors This time around, Qatar's neighbours in the Gulf "will demand the complete shuttering of the Al-Jazeera TV network before any mediation can take place", Mr Qassemi predicts. That would have major consequences for the country's media ambitions, and for the network's 3,000-plus staff in Doha and around the world. Muslim Brotherhood: From rapid rise to sharp decline Should Trump take a bow for Qatar row? Qatar's "current crisis represents a new challenge and new circumstances" for Al Jazeera, said Giles Trendle, the acting managing director of Al Jazeera English. "But Al Jazeera remains committed to continue its pioneering and courageous journalism around the world in a professional, balanced and objective manner." He added that "only those who want to see one side of the story told" would consider the network biased towards the Muslim Brotherhood or any other group. The rise of Al Jazeera Qatar finds itself in a delicate position, says H A Hellyer, a senior non-resident fellow at the Atlantic Council. It is perceived as a "loose cannon" over coverage of the Muslim Brotherhood, he says, and its relationship with Saudi Arabia's chief rival for regional influence, Iran. US President Donald Trump, a key ally, has meanwhile praised Qatar's isolation. The country has little wiggle room, and any deal to bring Qatar's foreign policy closer in line with Saudi Arabia's will probably involve changes to its influential media networks - including Al Jazeera - and possibly the end of Al-Araby Al Jadeed (The New Arab), an outlet part of the same company as Al-Araby, Mr Hellyer writes. David Roberts, a Qatar expert at King's College London, agrees that Al Jazeera will probably be on the Gulf countries and Egypt's "shopping list" of concessions they want from Qatar. "But this is a negotiation and there is no certainty that Qatar would capitulate on this point," he told the BBC. He says that Al Jazeera Arabic, although it has toned down its coverage, "is still prickly towards Egypt in particular". But the channel did stop "going after" Saudi Arabia close to a decade ago - around the time the ambassador was returned. 'Change of tone' It has been reported that in late 2007, Qatar's government assured Saudi Arabia that its coverage of the kingdom would be mellowed as it moved to reset relations as Iran's nuclear ambitions grew. "Orders were given not to tackle any Saudi issue without referring to the higher management," a newsroom employee told the New York Times. "All dissident voices disappeared from our screens." Others aren't convinced that the end of Al Jazeera will be a specific demand made of Qatar, but agree its foreign policy will undoubtedly have to change if it wants to bring an end to its current isolation. This means changes to the tone and coverage of government-funded media networks like Al Jazeera would follow, says Professor Noha Mellor, a pan-Arab media expert at the University of Bedfordshire. "They might just tone down their media discourse in line with their foreign policy, because [Qatar's] foreign policy will have to tone down, in style and ambition." Al Jazeera Arabic: How does it cover events? - by Nada Rashwan, BBC Monitoring Al Jazeera's Arabic channel was strongly supportive of the 2011 Arab uprisings and it has veered towards an overtly pro-Islamist line amid the upheavals that have engulfed the region since. With that shift, the channel has come to be perceived as a pillar of Qatar's foreign policy and a reflection of its ambitions in a changing Arab world. Al Jazeera was at the forefront of tensions that strained relations between Egypt and Qatar after the toppling of Mohammed Morsi in 2013. In Syria and Iraq, Al Jazeera's coverage of the so-called Islamic State (IS) militant group has differed from other outlets. In referring to the group, Al Jazeera uses the expression "the state organisation", which is not very far removed from what IS calls itself, as opposed to the pejorative Arabic acronym "Daesh" used by Saudi media, including Al Jazeera competitor Al-Arabiya. In 2015, Al Jazeera used the positive term "Sunni revolutionaries" to refer to Sunni fighters, including IS militants, who took control of Iraq's key city of Mosul. | কাতারের আল জাজিরা টিভি নেটওয়ার্ক নি:সন্দেহে মধ্যপ্রাচ্যের ক্ষুদ্র এই দেশটিকে আন্তর্জাতিক মানচিত্রে জায়গা করে দিয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | However, restrictions on women remain - most notably, the "male guardianship system", a woman's father, brother, husband or son has the authority to make critical decisions on her behalf. These restrictions were highlighted in early January, when a young Saudi woman fleeing her family barricaded herself in a hotel room in Bangkok saying she feared imprisonment if she was sent back home. A Saudi woman is required to obtain a male relative's approval to apply for a passport, travel outside the country, study abroad on a government scholarship, get married, leave prison, or even exit a shelter for abuse victims. "This is something that affects every Saudi woman and girl, from birth to death. They are essentially treated like minors," the Egyptian-American journalist Mona Eltahawy told the BBC. Saudi Arabia ratified the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 2000 and has said gender equality is guaranteed in accordance with the provisions of Sharia, or Islamic law. The conservative Gulf kingdom has also reversed a ban on sports for women and girls in public schools, and allowed women to watch football matches in stadiums. However, UN experts expressed concern in February 2018 at the country's failure to adopt a specific law prohibiting discrimination against women, as well as the absence of a legal definition of discrimination against women. The male guardianship system, the experts noted, was "the key obstacle to women's participation in society and economy". The system is said to be derived from the Saudi religious establishment's interpretation of a Koranic verse that says: "Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because God has given the one more [strength] than the other, and because they support them from their means." Human Rights Watch reported in 2016 that the kingdom "clearly and directly enforces guardianship requirements in certain areas", and a number of women who have challenged the system have faced detention and prosecution. In 2008, the prominent rights activist Samar Badawi, whose father allegedly physically abused her, fled her family home and found refuge at a shelter. She then began legal proceedings to strip her father of her guardianship. In retaliation, she said, her father filed a charge of "disobedience" against her. A judge ordered her detention in 2010 and she spent seven months in prison before activists drew attention to her case and the authorities dropped the charge. Mariam al-Otaibi, another activist, spent three months in detention in 2017 after her father accused her of "disobedience". She had fled her home after allegedly facing abuse from her father and brother in retaliation for leading social media campaigns against the guardianship system. Her eventual release from prison was hailed as a victory by fellow activists because it took place without a male guardian. Even women who have fled abroad have been unable to avoid detention. In 2017, Dina Ali Lasloom was forcibly returned to her family in Saudi Arabia while in transit in the Philippines en route to Australia. She had said she was escaping a forced marriage. Human Rights Watch said it received reports that Ms Lasloom was detained in a shelter for some time. It is not clear if she has since been returned to her family. Women's rights activists have long called for an end to the guardianship system. In September 2016 they handed over a petition containing 14,000 signatures to the Royal Court, after the Arabic hashtag "Saudi women want to abolish the guardianship system" went viral on Twitter and sparked a large-scale campaign. The Grand Mufti, Abdulaziz Al Sheikh, described the petition as a "crime against the religion of Islam and an existential threat to Saudi society", but five months later King Salman issued a decree allowing women to access government services without being required to obtain a male guardian's approval. And in September 2017, the king announced that women would be allowed to drive for the first time. Activists celebrated the news, but also vowed to step up their campaign for equality. Then in May 2018 - just weeks before the driving ban was lifted - the Saudi authorities began an apparent crackdown on the women's rights movement that saw more than a dozen activists detained, including Ms Badawi. Men who had supported their cause or defended them in court were also arrested. Several of those detained were accused of serious crimes, including "suspicious contact with foreign parties", that could entail lengthy prison terms. Government-aligned media outlets meanwhile branded them "traitors". | নারীদের গাড়ি চালানোর ওপর থেকে নিষেধাজ্ঞা তুলে নেয়ার পর গত বছর বিশ্বজুড়ে সৌদি আরবের প্রশংসা করা হয়। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | By Marianna SpringSpecialist disinformation reporter "Saying it out loud, it just sounds crazy," says 24-year-old Jade Flury, reading out a recent text conversation she had with one of her friends. She's talking to me on a video call while sitting at her kitchen table with the air conditioner on full blast, hiding away from the autumn heat in Houston, Texas. Jade's friend has been taken in by Instagram videos about QAnon - an unfounded conspiracy theory that says Donald Trump is fighting a secret war against a deep state of satanic paedophiles in government, business and the media. Despite her best efforts to counter false claims about "Democratic Party elites" running a child-trafficking ring, she's had to give up. "He definitely feels like a 'sex ring' is still a thing," she says, "and asks why no reporters are putting as much effort into finding some underlying truth to this stuff as they are into trying to discredit it." The truth is that reporters have looked into it. While the sprawling mess that is QAnon sucks in a few morsels of fact, its core is fiction, with no evidence to substantiate it. It was born on extreme message boards such as 4chan and 8chan - probably as a joke or prank - and rapidly spread among some of the president's most devoted followers. BBC Trending The 'rabbit hole' election Jade's friend is one of the millions of Americans who are tuning in to a different election campaign than the one most of us hear about on the daily news. The "rabbit hole" election is filled with chatter about conspiracies, cabals, rumours and allegations. Almost 1,000 miles (1,600km) from Houston, 68-year-old Tom Long uses social media quite differently. For one thing, he doesn't have an Instagram account. But his Facebook feed - and the group he runs which focuses on local politics - have also been overrun by conspiracy. "When you start scrolling, you see all these crazy things that are posted and reposted that derive from QAnon," says Tom, "and they're all just getting crazier and crazier every day." Tom is a retired autoworker who moved to the Florida coast from Michigan. Every morning - after a stroll down to the jetty at the end of his garden and a brisk 12-mile bike ride - he sits down to delete false and misleading posts on his group, Osceola Politics. They include videos and memes linking Joe Biden and the Democratic Party to unfounded allegations of child abuse, and posts claiming that President Trump is the only one who can save everyone from "elite child traffickers". "It gets spread and spread and spread, even though it's completely false," he says. Reaching the mainstream Of course, opponents of the president are also susceptible to baseless conspiracy theories. A number of pro-Joe Biden influencers, stepping into an information void created by the White House's mixed messages, recently spread fact-free rumours alleging that Trump's coronavirus diagnosis was faked. But QAnon is by far the most popular conspiracy theory circulating online today. BBC research found that QAnon has already generated more than 100 million comments, shares and likes on social media sites this year, a trend that ramped up over the summer. On Facebook, the biggest QAnon groups have generated 44 million comments, shares and likes. By comparison, that's about two-thirds the number of reactions generated by Black Lives Matter groups - a movement that has received a huge worldwide wave of media attention. Initial attempts at crackdowns by social media companies appeared to slow the spread - but supporters of the conspiracy theory soon used new hashtags to evade measures and reach the average Facebook, Instagram or Twitter feed. Although true believers are still a fringe group, they are spreading the word - and fast. In March, a Pew Research Center survey found three-quarters of Americans hadn't heard of QAnon. By September, the uninitiated had dropped to about half of all Americans, according to Pew, a nonpartisan think tank. Around 9 percent said they'd heard "a lot" about the movement - but even that relatively small number means that millions are tuning in. A number of Republican candidates on the ballot in November have expressed sympathy for or even outright belief in QAnon ideas. Experts say the coronavirus pandemic and lockdown measures explain part of the rise in popularity. QAnon influencers took advantage of fear, uncertainty and doubt - and the fact that many people were at home, worried, and living more of their lives online. QAnon theories have increasingly merged with coronavirus conspiracy theories, giving believers simplistic explanations to help them through difficult times. "Qanon is a very pervasive conspiracy theory with a lot of very cult-like tentacles that can really grab onto people's minds when they spend a lot of time online," says Michael Edison Hayden, senior investigative reporter at the Southern Poverty Law Centre, which tracks extremist groups. Experts also say that QAnon is becoming so successful in worming its way into the mainstream that some people profess its beliefs without realising where they came from. Whitney Phillips, an assistant professor at Syracuse University who has spent years researching conspiracy theories, says that even though a relatively small percentage of Americans buy into the idea of an "elite satanic child abuse ring", other ideas popular in the QAnon movement are rapidly taking hold. "One of those is the deep state - which holds that there is essentially a shadow government within a government that's trying to undermine Trump," she says. QAnon supporters didn't invent the idea, but they have been instrumental in its spread. Generation Z, Generation Q? Jade Flury has been busy recently - she's a young journalist keen to get back to the studio where she works. Most of her conversations with friends have been about the pandemic that's been stopping her getting on with life as usual. But she's concerned that conspiracy theories might change how her friends engage with politics. "It's definitely going to impact their voting. Some of them now think the Democrats are evil. Others think Donald Trump is the saviour. "And some people truly believe that their vote just doesn't count at all because the 'elites' control it," she sighs. Undermining democracy? Whitney Phillips argues that the danger of QAnon is actually much larger than its influence on the votes - or non-votes - of individuals. QAnon, she says, prepares the ground for a wholesale rejection of democracy itself, noting that President Trump himself has refused to confirm that there will be a peaceful transfer of power if he loses. "If a significant percentage of the American people are primed not to accept the outcome, and if Trump loses, that is going to pose challenges that I can hardly wrap my mind around." You might also be interested in: Social media companies seem to be paying attention. Over the summer, Facebook and other major networks took action against QAnon - including banning hashtags and accounts, and restricting the spread of some posts. Facebook went even further this week, announcing a stricter ban on QAnon content. But the conspiracy theorists have adapted. After the summer purge, many shifted to using more innocent-sounding hashtags such as #SaveOurChildren and #SaveTheChildren - the latter having no relation to the charity of the same name. Those hashtags drew in concerned people who would never dare venture onto the swamplands of 4chan or 8chan. I recently asked Nick Clegg, the head of Facebook's global affairs and communications team, whether the company could do more, and whether they'd acted too late. He denied that was the case and pointed to the large number of posts and groups that Facebook and its subsidiary Instagram had already taken down. But the new, more strict measures, which ban all QAnon accounts, pages and groups, came into place soon after. Facebook also said they will specifically tackle content using hashtags like #SaveOurChildren. Whether action by the social media companies will have any effect on QAnon's popularity will be an open question for some time. But for Tom Long in Florida, the damage has already been done. Conspiracies are yet another thing tearing America apart - making him feel, he says, as though he lives in an entirely different country than the one he grew up in. "There was a time when both sides would have to cooperate with each other to get things done," he says. "That's not the way it is in this country anymore." With additional reporting by Ant Adeane and original research by Shayan Sardarizadeh, BBC Monitoring. Subscribe to the BBC Trending podcast or follow us on Twitter @BBCtrending or Facebook. | মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচনের প্রচারাভিযানে বড় ইস্যুগুলো অবশ্যই করোনাভাইরাস মহামারি, সুপ্রিম কোর্ট এবং পুলিশ ব্যবস্থার সংস্কার। কিন্তু এর বাইরে লক্ষ লক্ষ আমেরিকান কথা বলছেন আরো বিচিত্র এবং উদ্ভট এক বিষয় নিয়ে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Catalonia has closed its nightlife for two weeks but cities outside the north-eastern region are also seeing a surge. The UK says all returning from Spain must self-isolate. Norway has similar rules and France has a travel warning. France and Germany have also both seen new cases rise, as nations grapple between staving off fresh outbreaks and reopening economies. The European rises are echoed in far bigger increases across the rest of the globe, with record daily new-infection figures of around 280,000 in both of the past two days. "While no country is unaffected, this rise is driven by high transmission in large and populous countries in the Americas and South Asia," the World Health Organization (WHO) said in a statement on Saturday. There have been more than 15.7 million cases globally and more than 640,000 deaths, according to Johns Hopkins University. What is happening in Spain? Barely a month after Spain ended its state of emergency, cities including Barcelona, Zaragoza and the capital Madrid have seen a surge in new infections, prompting the government to warn that a second wave could be imminent. The government of Catalonia now says all nightclubs and late-night bars in the region are to close for the next two weeks. The Spanish defence ministry is also implementing an early response tracker system to prevent any upturn in cases in the military. The health ministry reported more than 900 new cases of the virus on Friday. One football team in the second division, Fuenlabrada, now has 28 confirmed cases. The BBC's Guy Hedgecoe in Madrid says contagion among young people is a particular worry, as they have been gathering in large numbers in cities at night. Epidemiologist Dr Daniel Lopez-Acuna told the BBC the average age of cases could rise "because the transmission is going from the youngsters to the rest of the household, and certainly the elderly". The UK says all those returning from Spain must self-isolate for 14 days from Sunday. This includes the Canary Islands and Balearic Islands, although those destinations are not included in the UK's new general warning to avoid all but essential travel to mainland Spain. Norway has said it will also start quarantining people arriving from Spain, while France has warned its citizens not to travel to Catalonia. Belgium has banned travel to Huesca and Lleida, with recommendations against travel to a number of other areas in Spain. A Spanish foreign ministry spokeswoman said the country was safe, with only localised, isolated and controlled outbreaks. Are other European nations concerned at spikes? Most are seeing increases and outbreaks but want to keep economies functioning and hope any second wave will be regionally limited. Belgium has slowed down its reopening amid a sharp rise in cases. Italy is isolating arrivals from Romania and Bulgaria for two weeks after a number of imported cases. French Prime Minister Jean Castex says people arriving from 16 countries where the virus is widely circulating will be subject to on-the-spot coronavirus tests. France's health ministry said there were now more than 1,000 new cases each day in hospitals. Germany said it might introduce compulsory testing for holidaymakers returning from high-risk destinations after infections hit a two-month high. What are the global increases? The trajectory is still worryingly upwards, says the WHO - more than a quarter of a million new cases for three days straight up to Friday. One major concern is India, where there are now 1.3 million confirmed cases - 100,000 of them in just the past two days - with experts fearing the worst is still to come One of those to have tested positive was the chief minister of the state of Madhya Pradesh, Shivraj Singh Chouhan, who urged people not to be careless. The United States, Brazil and South Africa are also still showing sharp increases. In other developments: | ভারতে করোনাভাইরাস মহামারির 'সেকেন্ড ওয়েভ' বা দ্বিতীয় ধাক্কা আঘাত হানতে চলেছে, এই আশঙ্কার মধ্যে সরকার টিকাকরণের গতি বাড়ানোসহ নানা পদক্ষেপ নিতে শুরু করেছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Sowda AliBBC World Service One early morning in September 2016 Raquel walked into the living room in her pyjamas to find her husband looking at her with a puzzled expression. He spoke to her as if she were a stranger, without a trace of affection. He seemed to have no idea who she was. "I asked him: 'Do you know where you are? Do you know what year this is? Do you know what my name is?' And he said 'No' to all these things," Raquel says. "I could tell that the more I asked, the more upset he was becoming." Raquel reassured him that this was their home, she was his wife and they had three children together. Adam started to cry. "I need you to get me my ID, where is my phone and my ID?" he said. Raquel told Adam to get dressed and that she was going to take him to hospital immediately. She was worried that something might have gone dangerously wrong with the blood vessels in his brain. When Adam opened his cupboard, he asked: "Where are my suits?" Raquel explained that he didn't have any suits, that he was a personal trainer. Adam got dressed and reluctantly followed this woman who he did not know to the hospital. They clung to each other. Raquel was being gentle with Adam - she knew that his memory had failed once before, after a woman tried to kill him. In 2011, at the age of 35, Adam had been a branch manager for telecoms giant AT&T and a devoted church leader in Lubbock, Texas. After the break-up of his first marriage, he started a new relationship but it ended in disaster. His new girlfriend hit him on the back of the head with a metal object and, once he fell, hung him from the garage rafters - leaving him for dead. His heart stopped three times on the way to hospital, but he was resuscitated by paramedics each time. Adam ended up in a coma for four months. "When I woke up I didn't know who I was - I didn't know that I had been married and divorced and had two children," says Adam. He spent a year in hospital, learning how to walk and talk again. But the memories of his past life didn't return. Months went by before Adam was reintroduced to his son and daughter. He found it very challenging to look at them for the first time. "How could a father, a dad, forget his biological children?" he says. When he finally came home, the house was full of photographs he could not connect with and awards he had no memory of winning. His past was no longer there. "I was trying to understand who this man Adam was. Can I live up to this person?" He couldn't go back to his old job and feared he wouldn't be able to afford his previous lifestyle. "I don't even remember what I went to school [university] for," he says. "It's evident that I was there, but how I got there, how I sustained it, was unimaginable." He decided to leave the town he was in and start again. He moved to Phoenix, Arizona to work as a cable technician. It was there that he began online dating and in 2012 he began messaging Raquel, a 30-year-old marketing manager with a young daughter. They agreed to meet in a small hipster bar and grill in downtown Phoenix. Raquel sat at the first booth waiting for him to come in, but 30 minutes later he still hadn't shown up. Eventually he called her - from the wrong restaurant. "He was so apologetic and humble and I thought: 'OK everybody makes mistakes,'" says Raquel. Besides, she liked his Texan accent. Adam finally walked in, wearing a leather jacket and jeans. "He wasn't trying but somehow he looked so cool, he was so handsome," says Raquel. "I couldn't keep my eyes off her - she had these beautiful dimples and she had this really sweet smile," says Adam. They clicked and began to see each other more. After a few months of dating, they moved in together with their children, and in July 2015 they married in a little chapel outside Phoenix. But all memory of Adam and Raquel's four years together had been wiped out that morning in September 2016. While Adam was in hospital undergoing tests, he called the one person he knew he could trust - his mother. She reassured him that he had been in love with and married to Raquel. "She loves you. You have my blessing," his mum told him. "So I began to put a little more trust into her and started asking questions here and there," Adam says. "There was some excitement about it and there was a little bit of mystery about who this really nice woman is, and was." They started dating and getting to know each other again in hospital, meeting in secluded corners and chatting over grilled-cheese sandwiches at the cafeteria. "We'd get stir-crazy at night and end up walking downstairs in search for midnight snacks in the vending machines," Raquel says. "She would show me pictures on her cell phone on what back in the day I would have called MySpace but it was Facebook - so that was interesting," Adam says. "Silly things would happen - like he said, 'Do you have our marriage certificate?' and of course I did," says Raquel. She was still in the process of changing her name to Adam's so she had it in her handbag. She grabbed it and he laughed. "I think he began to see glimpses of the woman he married for better or for worse," she says. But it was not all positive. At one point Adam decided it would be better if they split up, and even told her: "I am not attracted to you, and you do not turn me on at all." When she heard that, Raquel prayed. "It's hard to love someone when they have no idea who you are and they cannot love you," she says. Find out more But she pulled out all the stops. When he came home from hospital Raquel wooed him by learning how to cook - he had done most of the cooking. He saw how Raquel was as a good mother and wife and how well their children got on. And she took comfort from the fact that Adam's underlying character had not changed. "In the hospital, Adam would turn to me saying: 'If you're my wife, I think we can kiss,'" she says. "This is still the husband I married - he is always trying to get a free kiss. Adam's always been a flirt and continues to be a flirt. "Those were little rays of hope saying: 'This is still the man that you married - he just can't remember what year,'" she says. The children also found ways of coping with the sudden change in their life. Abby was 12, Lulu was 15 and Elijah was 17 when Adam's second memory loss occurred in 2016. "They watched out for each other and I think they were more attentive and they clung together," says Raquel. "Sometimes you don't like your sister when you are a teenager but, boy, when something is happening you cling to your sister, you cling to your blood," she says. The girls tried to help their father's recovery by showing him gym routines he had taught them. "Look dad, this is what we did! You taught us all these exercises," they told Adam. "I guess I spent quality time with each of them in the gym," he says. Then suddenly, one day in December 2016 - three months after his attack of amnesia - Adam woke up and spoke to Raquel with that familiar loving tone in his voice. He apologised for something that had happened three years earlier, when they were still dating. Raquel looked at Adam and asked if he knew who she was. He said: "How could I ever forget you? You are my Raquel." "Oh honey, there is so much I have to tell you about," she said. But it was a work day and Raquel was the only breadwinner at this point, so had to leave. She asked Adam to take their daughters to school. Adam went to see if his daughter was ready. She was much older than he remembered, and of course he had no idea what school she went to. After the girls had directed him to their respective schools, Adam asked Lulu to put their home address into the GPS so he wouldn't get lost. Memory loss after a brain injury Adam has now recovered many memories but three years are still missing, including some important milestones, such as his wedding to Raquel. He has also forgotten taking the family on a cherished holiday to Disneyland in 2013. "I had always wanted to go to Disneyland but I was so busy working," he says. "All that has never come back to me." Raquel carefully documents the family's milestones, in the hope this will strengthen Adam's memory. She says she would happily repeat everything the couple has been through - but no-one knows whether that is likely or not. The doctors gave Adam every test they could - MRIs, CAT scans, echocardiograms - but they could not figure out what caused this second memory loss. The couple are now looking to the future. One of their children has left for college, and they're planning to renew their vows next year. Adam has returned to working with the church and has become a pastor. "I really learned how to truly surrender to God and have faith and believe that you can overcome the hardest of struggles," he says. "There is a new level of sweetness in our marriage that I don't think was there before," Raquel says. "Our marriage had to withstand the rain and the storm of change and overcome all that - what better way to test a relationship than making it all collapse? "My whole life completely changed and it was a beautiful disaster." Listen to Adam and Raquel Gonzales speak to Outlook on the BBC World Service Photographs courtesy of the Gonzales family Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter. | অ্যাডাম এবং র্যাকেল গনজালেস সংসার করছেন পাঁচ বছর ধরে, কিন্তু হঠাৎ এক সকালে জেগে উঠে অ্যাডাম কিছুতেই তার স্ত্রীকে চিনতে পারলেন না, মনে করতে পারলেন না যে সে কে? বিবাহিত জীবনের সব স্মৃতি হারিয়ে ফেলেছিন অ্যাডাম। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Acting US Defence Secretary Patrick Shanahan set out the ultimatum in a letter to his Turkish counterpart, Hulusi Akar. Turkey, he said, could not have both America's F-35 advanced fighter jets and Russia's S-400 systems. The two Nato allies have been locked in a row over the S-400 for months. America argues that the Russian systems are both incompatible with Nato defence systems and pose a security threat, and wants Turkey to buy its Patriot anti-aircraft systems instead. Turkey, which has been pursuing an increasingly independent defence policy, has signed up to buying 100 F-35s, and has invested heavily in the F-35 programme, with Turkish companies producing 937 of the plane's parts. 'Too late for Turkey to back out' This issue appears to be a red line for both nations, Turkey and the US. Speaking at the annual Globsec Security Forum here in Bratislava, Slovakia, Nato's new Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Gen Tod Wolters, said "we are not interested in sharing the capabilities of our F-35 with Russia". Clearly, the Pentagon believes that if Turkey were to acquire both this state-of-the-art F-35 fighter and Russia's formidable S-400 missile defence system - then Russian technicians would be able to access the plane's vulnerabilities, putting US pilots at additional risk. US, Turkish and Russian forces already operate in the same region in northern Syria. But a senior Turkish diplomat - who asked not to be named - told me that Washington had raised no objections while Turkey was negotiating the deal with Russia, only after it was signed. Now, he said, it was too late for Turkey to back out even if it wanted to. When Turkey makes a deal, he said, it sticks to it. What consequences does Turkey face? Mr Shanahan says in his letter that the US is "disappointed" to hear that Turkish personnel have been sent to Russia to train on the S-400. "Turkey will not receive the F-35 if Turkey takes delivery of the S-400," he writes. "You still have the option to change course on the S-400." The letter includes a schedule for winding down Turkish participation in F-35 pilot training. "We do not want to have the F-35 in close proximity to the S-400 over a period of time because of the ability to understand the profile of the F-35 on that particular piece of equipment," US Under Secretary of Defence Ellen Lord told reporters. The first four F-35s due to be delivered to Turkey have still not left the US, officially to allow Turkish pilots to train in them in America. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said on Tuesday his country was "determined" to proceed with the S-400 deal. "Unfortunately we haven't received a positive proposal from the American side on the subject of Patriots like the S-400s from Russia," he said. Turkey has the second-largest army in Nato, a 29-member military alliance set up to defend against what was at the time the Soviet Union. The head of Russia's state defence conglomerate Rostec, Sergei Chemezov, was quoted as saying on Friday that Russia would start delivering the S-400 to Turkey in "about two months". What is the S-400 system? The S-400 "Triumf" is one of the most sophisticated surface-to-air missile systems in the world. It has a range of 400km (250 miles), and one S-400 integrated system can shoot down up to 80 targets simultaneously. Russia says it can hit aerial targets ranging from low-flying drones to aircraft flying at various altitudes and long-range missiles. How does the S-400 work? | রাশিয়ার ক্ষেপণাস্ত্র নাকি মার্কিন যুদ্ধ বিমান - এ নিয়ে চূড়ান্ত সিদ্ধান্ত নেয়ার জন্য তুরস্ককে জুলাইয়ের শেষ পর্যন্ত সময় বেঁধে দিয়েছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্র। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | In The Accidental Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh sits in a garishly decorated office. He looks befuddled when he takes orders from Sonia Gandhi, then president of the Congress party which was in power at the time. The film, critics say, could have been an engaging exploration of the career of one of India's most enigmatic leaders. Instead, many see it as a hatchet job on Mr Singh and Congress. One called it a "bad propaganda film". According to veteran Bollywood actor Anupam Kher, who plays Mr Singh, the filmmakers "worked hard to make a big epic homage to a man, scholar and politician, who is misunderstood, or rather hardly understood". That evaluation of Mr Singh as barely understood isn't wide of the mark. But few agree the film, based on the memoirs of Mr Singh's media adviser Sanjaya Baru, does him justice. Mr Singh - who is now 86 - served two terms as PM from 2004-2014. A former academic and bureaucrat, he kept a low profile and rarely gave interviews. His surprise appointment capped a long and illustrious career - a master's degree at Cambridge University and a DPhil in Oxford; stints with the UN and Asian Development Bank; chief of India's central bank; and finance minister. But oratory and political savvy were never his strong points. In fact he never had to win an election - he was a member of India's upper house of parliament, whose members are elected indirectly. Many believe that in the end, Mr Singh was undermined by his own party. The film is so-named because he was catapulted into the PM's job in 2004 when Sonia Gandhi turned down the post, despite having won the election. She did so apparently to protect the party from damaging attacks over her Italian origin. But Mr Singh was never able to fully shake off the perception that it was Mrs Gandhi who was in charge, not him. Mr Baru wrote in his memoirs that the famous "Delhi diarchy" - Mr Singh running the government and Mrs Gandhi managing the party - failed during the government's second term, and stifled Mr Singh's independence. Although he earned a reputation as a man of great personal integrity, Mr Singh's second term was marred by a string of corruption scandals. That, say many, was partially responsible for the crushing electoral defeat by the BJP in 2014. It's not that the biopic doesn't appear to hold promise. It has a brisk, documentary-like feel and it has drawn audiences. But unimpressed critics have been lining up to pan it. One found the film "shockingly bad and shoddy… There is a complete absence of any art or craft in its making". Another wrote that Singh is "portrayed as a spineless cry-baby and his many achievements as prime minister go unacknowledged, except for the Indo-US nuclear deal". Columnist Vir Sanghvi wrote that the film is a "convenient peg on which to hang the anti-Congress narrative which was already current when Manmohan Singh was the PM". Critic Shubhra Gupta agreed, saying it was no accident the film was out now, with polls "around the corner". Even some Sikh leaders have had a go - Mr Singh, after all, was the first Sikh to hold the country's top post. One community leader spoke out against the "facetious portrayal" of a prime minister who made the "community and the country proud". BJP leader RP Singh then defended the depiction, saying Mr Singh never really took a stand for the community. Political biopics are rare in India and its politicians rarely countenance candid portrayals: a film critical of the Emergency, imposed by Mr Singh's party in 1975, was banned for example. The strongest defence of The Accidental Prime Minister has come from Akshaye Khanna, who plays the pivotal role of journalist-turned-media adviser Sanjaya Baru. "If you make an authentic political film, which talks of real people and real events, in a politically conscious country like India, it is but natural that people will react to it in different ways and there will be a collage of opinions. "That's to be expected and if it didn't happen, I would have been disappointed," he said in an interview. "But at the end of the day, it's just a film, not an earthquake or a tsunami, so let us not get too carried away." | মনমোহন সিং ছিলেন ভারতের সবচেয়ে দীর্ঘসময় ক্ষমতায় থাকা প্রধানমন্ত্রীদের একজন। দেশটির অর্থনৈতিক সংস্কার কর্মসূচীর স্থপতি বলে মনে করা হয় তাকে। কিন্তু বলিউডে তার জীবন নিয়ে তৈরি এক ছবিকে ঘিরে চলছে তীব্র বিতর্ক। সমালোচকরা বলছেন, সাধারণ নির্বাচনের আগে এই ছবি মুক্তির পেছনে রাজনৈতিক উদ্দেশ্য রয়েছে এবং এতে মিস্টার সিংকে খুবই ব্যাঙ্গাত্মকভাবে উপস্থাপন করা হয়েছে। বিবিসির সুধা জি তিলকের রিপোর্ট: |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The Sabarimala temple was historically closed to women of "menstruating age" - defined as between 10 and 50. The Supreme Court overturned that ban but protesters then attacked women and stopped them from going in. The women's entry to the shrine sparked fresh protests and police used tear gas at several locations in Kerala. Bindu Ammini, 40, and Kanakadurga, 39, devotees of the temple deity, Lord Ayyappa, entered around dawn. "We arrived early in the morning and we had a darshan [saw the idol] for a few minutes," Ms Ammini told the BBC. Kerala's Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan, whose government supports the Supreme Court ruling, told reporters that the women's entry into the temple was a historic moment. On 1 January, his left-wing coalition government organised a "women's wall" - in which women from across Kerala formed a 620km (385-mile) human chain to protest against the ban. Temple officials say the women have "defiled" the temple. It was closed for an hour in order to perform "purification rituals" but has now reopened. Demonstrations across the state have since erupted and police have fired tear gas to disperse crowds. Violent clashes have been reported outside the state parliament, according to local media. The ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has also called for a two-day protest after news of the women entering the shrine broke. How did these women get into the temple? Ms Ammini told the BBC that they began trekking up the hill on Wednesday morning around 1.30 local time (20:00 GMT Tuesday) and reached the shrine in two hours. "We had no trouble trekking to the shrine and the officials were co-operative," she added. "We left before the protesters spotted us." She said that plain-clothed police officers accompanied them. Given the early hour, it's likely there were no protesters and only a few devotees. The presence of the police also helped as temple officials would be breaking the law by refusing to let them enter the temple. The shrine sits atop a steep hill and every year, millions of male devotees make the trek, often barefoot, to visit it. One of the ways to enter the temple is to climb 18 holy steps - a sacred activity requiring a rigorous 41-day fast. Ms Ammini said they did not climb the steps because they did not want to attract the attention of too many devotees and feared they might be attacked. An activist opposed to women entering the temple, Rahul Easwar, told the BBC that "the police cheated other devotees by claiming the two women are transgender". Families of the two women have since denied this. Four transgender women, accompanied by police, were allowed to pray inside the Sabarimala shrine in December. Their presence was not met with protests or resistance, police told the BBC. The women, who are now under police protection, can be seen leaving the shrine in videos that have been circulating on WhatsApp. Why are women of a certain age not allowed to enter Sabarimala? Hinduism regards menstruating women as unclean and bars them from participating in religious rituals. While most Hindu temples allow women to enter as long as they are not menstruating, the Sabarimala temple is unusual in that it was one of the few that did not allow women in a broad age group to enter at all. According to the temple's mythology, Lord Ayyappa is an avowed bachelor who has taken an oath of celibacy. Devotees say the ban on women of "menstruating age" was in keeping with the wish of the deity who is believed to have laid down clear rules about the pilgrimage to seek his blessings. Women who had tried to enter following the court ruling had to turn back because of protesters. Police arrested more than 2,000 people in October for rioting and unlawful assembly. Why has the issue become so political? The Kerala state government supports the court verdict and Mr Vijayan has repeatedly said his government will provide the security to enforce it. But India's ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has argued that the court ruling is an attack on Hindu values. The issue has become increasingly contentious in the run-up to India's general election, scheduled for April and May. Critics have accused Prime Minister Narendra Modi of pursuing a religiously divisive agenda to court the BJP's mostly-Hindu support base. Additional reporting by Imran Qureshi and Ashraf Padanna. | দক্ষিণ ভারতের প্রাচীন শবরীমালা মন্দিরে প্রবেশ করে ৫০ বছরের কম বয়সী দুই নারী ইতিহাস গড়েছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Jonathan AmosBBC Science Correspondent InSight will be the first probe to focus its investigations predominantly on the interior of the Red Planet. The lander - due to touch down in November - will put seismometers on the surface to feel for "Marsquakes". These tremors should reveal how the underground rock is layered - data that can be compared with Earth to shed further light on the formation of the planets 4.6 billion years ago. "As seismic waves travel through [Mars] they pick up information along the way; as they travel through different rocks," explained Dr Bruce Banerdt, InSight's principal investigator. "And all those wiggles you see on seismograms - scientists understand how to pull that information out. After we've gotten many, many Marsquakes from different directions, we can put together a three dimensional view of the inside of Mars." Thick fog did not affect the launch on an Atlas rocket from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California at 04:05 local time (12:05 BST) on Saturday. Nasa last sent seismometers to the Red Planet on the Viking landers in the 1970s. But these missions failed to detect ground vibrations because the instruments were positioned on the body of the probes. All they recorded was the landers' shaking as the wind whistled by. InSight, by contrast, is going to place its seismometers directly in the Martian dirt. How many quakes will be detected over the course of a year is uncertain, but estimates suggest perhaps a couple of dozen. They are likely to be small - probably well less than a Magnitude 3, which many people on Earth would sleep through. However, even these gentler signals will carry sufficient information about the subsurface to allow scientists to construct a model of Mars' depths and composition. The planet should have a metal core, a dense mantle and a lighter crust - but where precisely the boundaries lie is speculative. The seismometer experiment is French-led. The European nation has provided the broadband sensors that will detect low-frequency vibrations of the ground, while the UK has contributed a trio of microseismometers, about the size of a pound coin, that will go after the higher frequencies. A good source of these short period vibrations is likely to be meteorite impacts. The Franco-British systems should be able to locate the origin of quakes to within a few hundred km. "The pattern of Marsquakes is going to be very important," said Prof Tom Pike from Imperial College London. "On Earth, earthquakes are very much aligned with the edge of tectonic plates. "We don't think that plate tectonics is active on Mars but we fundamentally don't know at the moment, and so just seeing the pattern of seismicity that comes in - that's going to be just a critical bit of information in and of itself." Researchers believe Mars once had a liquid core, as evidenced by the magnetism this generated and which is still retained in many of the planet's rocks. Whether any of that ancient fluid persists is something InSight will test by using radio equipment to observe how Mars shifts on its axis of rotation. "If you take a raw egg and a cooked egg and you spin them, they wobble differently because of the distribution of liquid in the interior," explained InSight's deputy project scientist, Dr Suzanne Smrekar. "So by tracking our spacecraft very precisely, we're able to see how Mars wobbles and that really tells us a lot of information about the core of Mars." For those who recall the ill-fated Beagle Mars lander from 2003, there will be interest in the heat probe InSight plans to deploy. This incorporates a hammer to dig itself up to 5m into the ground. The technology, from Germany, has heritage in the "mole" designed for Beagle. InSight's heat probe will provide information on how much energy inside Mars is available to drive changes at the surface. InSight now has a six-month cruise before landing on 26 November. As ever, getting down in one piece will not be easy. Like all surface missions before it, InSight will have to endure the "seven minutes of terror" - the time it takes for a spacecraft entering the top of Mars' atmosphere at 6km/s to slow itself to a standstill at the touchdown point. [email protected] and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos | আমেরিকার মহাকাশ গবেষণা কেন্দ্র নাসা মঙ্গলগ্রহে নতুন একটি রোবটিক প্রোব বা অনুসন্ধানকারী যন্ত্র পাঠাতে সক্ষম হয়েছে। নতুন এই প্রোবটির নাম 'ইনসাইট।' |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Naima MohamudBBC Africa But he is by no means the richest man of all time. That title is believed to belong to Mansa Musa, the 14th Century West African ruler who was so rich his generous handouts wrecked an entire country's economy. "Contemporary accounts of Musa's wealth are so breathless that it's almost impossible to get a sense of just how wealthy and powerful he truly was," Rudolph Butch Ware, associate professor of history at the University of California, told the BBC. Mansa Musa was "richer than anyone could describe", Jacob Davidson wrote about the African king for Money.com in 2015. In 2012, US website Celebrity Net Worth estimated his wealth at $400bn, but economic historians agree that his wealth is impossible to pin down to a number. The 10 richest men of all time Source: Money.com, Celebrity Net Worth The golden king Mansa Musa was born in 1280 into a family of rulers. His brother, Mansa Abu-Bakr, ruled the empire until 1312, when he abdicated to go on an expedition. According to 14th Century Syrian historian Shibab al-Umari, Abu-Bakr was obsessed with the Atlantic Ocean and what lay beyond it. He reportedly embarked on an expedition with a fleet of 2,000 ships and thousands of men, women and slaves. They sailed off, never to return. Some, like the late American historian Ivan Van Sertima, entertain the idea that they reached South America. But there is no evidence of this. In any case, Mansa Musa inherited the kingdom he left behind. Under his rule, the kingdom of Mali grew significantly. He annexed 24 cities, including Timbuktu. The kingdom stretched for about 2,000 miles, from the Atlantic Ocean all the way to modern-day Niger, taking in parts of what are now Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea and Ivory Coast. With such a large land mass came great resources such as gold and salt. During the reign of Mansa Musa, the empire of Mali accounted for almost half of the Old World's gold, according to the British Museum. And all of it belonged to the king. "As the ruler, Mansa Musa had almost unlimited access to the most highly valued source of wealth in the medieval world," Kathleen Bickford Berzock, who specializes in African art at the Block Museum of Art at the Northwestern University, told the BBC. "Major trading centres that traded in gold and other goods were also in his territory, and he garnered wealth from this trade," she added. You might also like: The journey to Mecca Though the empire of Mali was home to so much gold, the kingdom itself was not well known. This changed when Mansa Musa, a devout Muslim, decided to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca, passing through the Sahara Desert and Egypt. The king reportedly left Mali with a caravan of 60,000 men. He took his entire royal court and officials, soldiers, griots (entertainers), merchants, camel drivers and 12,000 slaves, as well as a long train of goats and sheep for food. It was a city moving through the desert. A city whose inhabitants, all the way down to the slaves, were clad in gold brocade and finest Persian silk. A hundred camels were in tow, each camel carrying hundreds of pounds of pure gold. It was a sight to behold. And the sight got even more opulent once the caravan reached Cairo, where they could really show off their wealth. The Cairo gold crash Mansa Musa left such a memorable impression on Cairo that al-Umari, who visited the city 12 years after the Malian king, recounted how highly the people of Cairo were speaking of him. So lavishly did he hand out gold in Cairo that his three-month stay caused the price of gold to plummet in the region for 10 years, wrecking the economy. US-based technology company SmartAsset.com estimates that due to the depreciation of gold, Mansa Musa's pilgrimage led to about $1.5bn (£1.1bn) of economic losses across the Middle East. On his way back home, Mansa Musa passed through Egypt again, and according to some, tried to help the country's economy by removing some of the gold from circulation by borrowing it back at extortionate interest rates from Egyptian lenders. Others say he spent so much that he ran out of gold. Lucy Duran of the School of African and Oriental Studies in London notes that Malian griots, who are singing historian storytellers, in particular, were upset with him. "He gave out so much Malian gold along the way that jelis [griots] don't like to praise him in their songs because they think he wasted local resources outside the empire," she said. Education at heart There is no doubt that Mansa Musa spent, or wasted, a lot of gold during his pilgrimage. But it was this excessive generosity that also caught the eyes of the world. Mansa Musa had put Mali and himself on the map, quite literally. In a Catalan Atlas map from 1375, a drawing of an African king sits on a golden throne atop Timbuktu, holding a piece of gold in his hand. Timbuktu became an African El Dorado and people came from near and far to have a glimpse. In the 19th Century, it still had a mythical status as a lost city of gold at the edge of the world, a beacon for both European fortune hunters and explorers, and this was largely down to the exploits of Mansa Musa 500 years earlier. Mansa Musa returned from Mecca with several Islamic scholars, including direct descendants of the prophet Muhammad and an Andalusian poet and architect by the name of Abu Es Haq es Saheli, who is widely credited with designing the famous Djinguereber mosque. The king reportedly paid the poet 200 kg (440lb) in gold, which in today's money would be $8.2m (£6.3m). In addition to encouraging the arts and architecture, he also funded literature and built schools, libraries and mosques. Timbuktu soon became a centre of education and people travelled from around the world to study at what would become the Sankore University. The rich king is often credited with starting the tradition of education in West Africa, although the story of his empire largely remains little known outside West Africa. "History is written by victors," according to Britain's World War II Prime Minister Winston Churchill. After Mansa Musa died in 1337, aged 57, the empire was inherited by his sons who could not hold the empire together. The smaller states broke off and the empire crumbled. The later arrival of Europeans in the region was the final nail in the empire's coffin. "The history of the medieval period is still largely seen only as a Western history," says Lisa Corrin Graziose, director of the Block Museum of Art, explaining why the story of Mansa Musa is not widely known. "Had Europeans arrived in significant numbers in Musa's time, with Mali at the height of its military and economic power instead of a couple hundred years later, things almost certainly would have been different," says Mr Ware. | কিছুদিন আগে প্রকাশিত ফোর্বস বিলিয়নিয়ারের তালিকায় সেরা ধনী হয়েছেন আমাজোনের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা জেফ বেজোস। ১৩১ বিলিয়ন (১৩ হাজার ১০০ কোটি) ডলার সম্পদের মালিক মি. বোজোস আধুনিক সময়ের সেরা ধনী। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Crowds have flooded the streets of Washington and New York reacting to news of his death with both jubilation and trepidation, as BBC correspondents report. Washington - Andrew North US President Barack Obama has announced that US forces killed al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden in an operation in Pakistan. The crowds started gathering outside the White House even before President Obama delivered the news. Word spread quickly as US television networks gave advance warning of what he was going to say. People were running towards Lafayette Square, the park outside the White House, to join the celebrations. Some climbed into the trees outside, stringing US flags - the Stars and Stripes - between the branches. Chants of "USA, USA, USA" surged from the growing crowd. Until now, President Obama and most other US politicians barely mentioned Osama Bin Laden's name, trying to play down his importance, and not wanting to draw attention to the fact he had not been found. But there was no doubting how Americans see him - as their public enemy number one. His death is hugely symbolic. There was a mood of euphoria and relief in the square. People said they wanted to be there for this moment. They remembered where they were on 11 September 2001. They said they would remember this moment in the same way. It represents "closure", said one woman. The crowd was mostly young people, many of them students from Washington colleges and universities. Someone had found an old campaign poster for the last occupants of the White House, holding aloft the words Bush-Cheney - the men who took on the hunt for Bin Laden after 9/11. Behind the iron fence around the White House, extra secret service agents looked on. But amid the celebrations there were also plenty of sober voices - worried at what comes next. Many spoke of fears of al-Qaeda's response. Osama Bin Laden's deputy Ayman al-Zawahiri is still believed to be in hiding. President Obama reflected that caution in his statement. But for him this is already being seen as a huge personal triumph. And in the crowd there were chants of four more years for Obama. New York - Barbara Plett Despite the late hour of the announcement, hundreds gathered in the streets of New York to celebrate the death of the man behind the 9/11 attacks on their city. There was jubilation, and a strong sense of patriotism. In Times Square people waved American flags, shouting "USA, USA" as passing vehicles honked their horns. At one point a diva broke into a full-throated rendition of the national anthem that would not have sounded out of place in an opera house. Elsewhere dozens recited the US pledge of allegiance. "I'm glad it was us who nailed him," said one man, Rick, reflecting a prevalent sense of retributive justice. Another man, Eric, rejoiced at some rare good news. "I'm feeling ecstatic that there's a lot of positive energy here, because there's been a lot of negativity for many years," he said, adding that the news would give US troops a major morale boost. Amidst the triumphalism there were those who took time for reflection and at Ground Zero some lit candles in memory of the 9/11 victims. But there was also apprehension - one woman said the death of Osama Bin Laden brought at least symbolic closure to a traumatic period, but many feared an al-Qaeda retaliation. "I am celebrating tonight but I fear for tomorrow," said another woman. Many also believed the demise of the 9/11 mastermind would have no impact on the wars in which the US had become embroiled in response to the attacks. Shanksville - Jonny Diamond It is difficult to imagine a greater contrast to the whooping joy of Washington DC than Shanksville, in rural Pennsylvania. The site of the United 93's last moments, a couple of hours drive south east of Pittsburgh, is not much to look at - the memorial is due to open on 10 September this year. A steady flow of visitors gazes out in the damp spring weather at a brown gash in the earth and much construction work. The fence in front is adorned with US flags and the front pages of the newspapers, now sodden, proclaiming Osama Bin Laden's death. At the fence one woman leans, tears pouring down her face, sobs welling up from within. Local Mayor Mike Masco felt the thump of the plane hitting the Pennsylvanian earth in his office - the lights and phones were lost for a moment. From that day he says, Bin Laden's fate was settled "I truly believed that one day we would get him," he says. "Picking a fight with America is generally a very bad idea." "The importance of getting him is more symbolic. We have not destroyed al-Qaeda." This theme - that this is far from the end - comes up time and time again amongst those visiting. Michael Lyons, an Air Force veteran, speaks slowly and thoughtfully about the killing of Bin Laden, and what it might mean. "It brings no joy," says the 61 year old African- American. "It brings relief. But I am saddened to hear that our young people especially think that this is over. "I read a little history. And if this were World War II, I think we'd be at August of 1942. I'm afraid that we have a lot more to go through." The mood here is sombre, concerned about the future. Donna Glassner, a clerk in a local hardware store, says she was surprised by the celebrations in the capital as the announcement of Bin Laden's death was made. "I don't feel right about celebrating anyone's death. I don't think celebration is the right description for the way I felt." Others at the memorial are more openly pleased at the demise of the man who masterminded the killing of so many Americans. "I wept tears of joy," says one woman. Her partner says grimly that he was "happy" when he heard the news. But nearly everyone agrees on two things - they mourn the passing of the unity that the US felt in the immediate aftermath of the attacks. And they do not think that the war is over. | আল-কায়েদার প্রতিষ্ঠাতা ওসামা বিন লাদেন আট বছর আগে পাকিস্তানের অ্যাবোটাবাদ শহরে মার্কিন বাহিনীর হাতে প্রাণ হারান। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | The floodwaters burst open a dam and a deluge of water poured through a valley in the state of Uttarakhand. Villages have been evacuated, but officials warned more than 125 people may have been caught in the torrent. Video showed the floodwater barrelling through the area, leaving destruction in its wake. One witness said a wall of water and rock sped down the Dhauliganga river so quickly there was no time to sound the alarm. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said he was monitoring the situation. "India stands with Uttarakhand and the nation prays for everyone's safety there," he wrote on Twitter. Uttarakhand police said the avalanche struck at about 11:00 local time (05:30 GMT), destroying a dam known as the Rishiganga Hydroelectric Project. Police said the impact catapulted water along the Dhauliganga river, damaging another power project downstream in the Tapovan area. One witness compared the flash flood to "a scene from a Bollywood film". Uttarakhand Chief Minister Trivendra Singh Rawat said 125 people were confirmed missing so far, but that number could rise. "Seven bodies have been recovered from the site and rescue operations are going on," Mr Singh Rawat told reporters at a briefing on Sunday. Most of those missing were workers at the two power projects swept away by the deluge. More than 50 people working at the Rishiganga Hydroelectric Project were feared dead, Uttarakhand police chief Ashok Kumar said. But he said some workers had been rescued from the site. Emergency crew managed to rescue 16 workers who had been trapped inside a tunnel that had been filled with debris. Indian media said around 30 others were trapped in a second tunnel, with emergency crews prepared to work through the night to rescue them. Mr Singh Rawat said teams from the police and the army were "doing their best to save the lives of the workers". Emergency workers evacuated dozens of villages, but authorities later said the main flood danger had passed. Hundreds of troops, along with military helicopters and other aircraft, have been sent to the region. They will begin searching for survivors on Monday morning. The neighbouring state of Uttar Pradesh has put some riverside areas on high alert for flooding. Experts are investigating the incident. What caused the glacial burst? Navin Singh Khadka, BBC World Service environment correspondent The remoteness of where this happened means no-one has a definitive answer, so far. Experts say one possibility is that massive ice blocks broke off the glacier due to a temperature rise, releasing a huge amount of water. That could have caused avalanches bringing down rocks and mud. "This is a strong possibility because there was a huge amount of sediment flowing down," said DP Dobhal, a senior glaciologist formerly with the government's Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology. Experts say an avalanche could also have hit a glacial lake that then burst. Another possibility is that an avalanche or landslide may have dammed the river for some time, causing it to burst out after the water level rose. Uttarakhand, in the western Himalayas, is prone to flash floods and landslides. Some 6,000 people are believed to have been killed in floods in June 2013 which were triggered by the heaviest monsoon rains in decades. Sunday's disaster has prompted calls by environment groups for a review of power projects in the ecologically sensitive mountains. | ভারতের উত্তরাঞ্চলে হিমালয়ের একটি বিশালাকার বরফের টুকরো, যেটিকে বলা হয় হিমশৈল, সেটি ধসে নদীতে পড়ে অন্তত চৌদ্দ জনের মৃত্যুর খবর পাওয়া গেছে। নিখোঁজ রয়েছেন দেড়শ জন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | By Liza TambunanBBC News Indonesian Citra* thought it was just a work meeting. Two men, claiming to be local officials, said they wanted to go over budgets for a project she was running at a local aid agency. The then 28-year-old was slightly nervous about going alone but keen to distinguish herself at work, so she pushed such concerns aside. An hour in, the men suggested the meeting continue at a different location and invited her to ride in their car. Insisting on taking her own motorbike she went to slide her key into the ignition, when suddenly another group of men grabbed her. "I was kicking and screaming, as they pushed me into the car. I was helpless. Inside two people held me down," she says. "I knew what was happening." She was being captured in order to be wed. Bride kidnapping, or kawin tangkap, is a controversial practice in Sumba with disputed origins which sees women taken by force by family members or friends of men who want to marry them. Despite long-standing calls for it to be banned by women's rights groups, it continues to be carried out in certain parts of Sumba, a remote Indonesian island east of Bali. But after two bride kidnappings were captured on video and widely shared on social media, the central government is now calling for it to end. 'It felt like I was dying' Inside the car, Citra managed to message her boyfriend and parents before arriving at a traditional house, with its high peaked roof and solid wooden pillars. The family who kidnapped her, she then realised, were distant relatives from her father's side. "There were lots of people waiting there. They sounded a gong as I arrived and started doing rituals." An ancient animist religion, known as Marapu, is widely practised in Sumba alongside Christianity and Islam. To keep the world in balance, spirits are appeased by ceremonies and sacrifices. "In Sumba, people believe that when water touches your forehead you cannot leave the house," Citra said. "I was very aware of what was happening, so when they tried to do that I turned at the last minute so that the water didn't touch my forehead." Her captors told her repeatedly that they were acting out of love for her and tried to woo her into accepting the marriage. "I cried until my throat was dry. I threw myself on the ground. I kept jabbing the motorbike key that I was holding into my stomach until it bruised. I hit my head against the large wooden pillars. I wanted them to understand I didn't want this. I hoped they would feel sorry for me." For the next six days she was kept, effectively a prisoner in their house, sleeping in the living room. "I cried all night, and I didn't sleep. It felt like I was dying." Citra refused to eat or drink anything the family offered her believing it would put her under a spell: "If we take their food, we would say yes to the marriage." Her sister smuggled food and water to her while her family, with the support of women's rights groups, negotiated her release with village elders and the family of the potential groom. No position to negotiate Women's rights group Peruati has documented seven such bride kidnappings in the last four years, and believe many more have taken place in remote areas of the island. Just three women, including Citra, ended up being freed. In the two most recent cases that were captured on video in June, one woman stayed in the marriage. "They stayed because they didn't have a choice," says activist Aprissa Taranau, the local head of Peruati. "Kawin tangkap can sometimes be a form of arranged marriage and women are not in a position to negotiate." She says those that do manage to leave are often stigmatised by their community. "They're labelled as a disgrace and people say they will not be able to get married now or have children. So women stay because of a fear of that," she says. That is what Citra was told. "Thank God I am now married to my boyfriend and we have a one-year old child," she says with a smile, three years on from her ordeal. Promises to outlaw the practice Local historian and elder Frans Wora Hebi argues the practice is not part of Sumba's rich cultural traditions and says it is used by people wanting to force women to marry them without consequences. A lack of firm action by custodial leaders and the authorities means the practice continues, he says. "There are no laws against it, only sometimes there is social reprimand against those who practice it but there is no legal or cultural deterrent." Following a national outcry, regional leaders in Sumba signed a joint declaration rejecting the practice early this month. Women's Empowerment Minister Bintang Puspayoga flew to the island from the capital, Jakarta, to attend. Speaking to the media after the event she said: "We have heard from custodial leaders and religious leaders, that the practice of capture and wed that went viral is not truly part of Sumba's traditions." She promised that the declaration was the beginning of a wider government effort to end the practice that she described as violence against women. Rights groups have welcomed the move but described it as "a first step in a long journey". Citra says she is grateful that the government is now paying attention to the practice and hopes, as a result, no one will have to go through what she did. "For some this may be a tradition from our ancestors. But it's an out of date custom that must stop because it's very damaging to women." *Citra's name has been changed to protect her identity. You may also be interested in: | ইন্দোনেশিয়ার প্রত্যন্ত এক দ্বীপ সুম্বার স্থানীয়দের মধ্যে চালু আছে বহু পুরনো এক প্রথা। সেখানে বিয়ে করার জন্য কনেকে অপহরণ করে আনা হয়। কিন্তু সম্প্রতি একটি মেয়েকে অপহরণের ভিডিও ভাইরাল হওয়ার পর ইন্দোনেশিয়ায় এই প্রাচীন প্রথাটি নিয়ে তীব্র বিতর্ক-সমালোচনা শুরু হয়েছে। ইন্দোনেশিয়ার কর্তৃপক্ষ এই বিতর্কিত প্রথা বিলোপ করা হবে ঘোষণা দিয়েছেন। বিবিসি নিউজ ইন্দোনেশিয়ার লিজা টাম্বুনানের রিপোর্ট: |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Owen AmosBBC News, Washington DC It was a bin lorry that brought Martin Luther King to Memphis the week he was killed. Two months earlier, two black bin-men - Echol Cole and Robert Walker - took shelter in their lorry during a storm. When a switch malfunctioned, they were crushed. Their deaths, the city's response, and the workers' conditions, led to a strike by hundreds of black employees. So, when Martin Luther King stood in front of 2,000 people at the Mason Temple, on a stormy April night in Memphis, it was to support Cole, and Walker, and the colleagues they left behind. What came next, though, meant it was remembered for much more. Really, the speech was not about the strike - it wasn't mentioned until 11 minutes in - but the struggle, and Dr King's role in it. The final passage looks like prophecy. "We've got some difficult days ahead," Dr King told the crowd. "But it really doesn't matter to me now, because I've been to the mountain top, and I don't mind. "Like anybody, I would like to live a long life - longevity has its place. But I'm not concerned about that now. "I just want to do God's will. And he's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over and I've seen the Promised Land. "I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land. "And so I'm happy tonight; I'm not worried about anything; I'm not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord." The next day, Dr King stood on the balcony of his hotel room, and was shot in his right cheek. The bullet broke his jaw, went through his spinal cord, and killed him. Longevity has its place, but I'm not concerned about that now, he had said, less than 24 hours earlier. I've seen the Promised Land, I may not get there with you. It really doesn't matter to me now, because I've been to the mountain top. Did Dr King know what was coming? The morning of the speech, Dr King flew from Atlanta, Georgia, to Memphis. The flight was late taking off. "We're sorry for the delay," the pilot told the passengers. "But we have Dr Martin Luther King on the plane." Bags had to be searched, in case someone left a bomb. Everything had to be double-checked. "And," the pilot added, "we've had the plane protected and guarded all night." In Dr King's life, death was never far away. It followed him; stalked him; appeared when he turned a corner. "For a long time, King had been aware that white supremacists and local groups of Klansmen had been stalking him," says Dr King expert Professor Jonathan Rieder, author of Gospel of Freedom. "He knew there were plenty of people who wanted to take him out. The forces of white supremacy had killed many civil rights workers - and he was the most visible." In 1956, Dr King's house was bombed during the Montgomery Bus Boycott. More on the US civil rights struggle In 1958, he was stabbed in New York by a mentally-ill black woman, and almost died. In 1963, in Birmingham, Alabama, he was attacked on stage by a white supremacist. A year later, he went to the same city to join the campaign there. According to Professor Rieder, who spoke to his friends Andrew Young and Wyatt Walker, Dr King warned them before travelling. "We're about to go into Bull Connor's town," he said (Bull Connor was a local politician opposed to the civil rights movement). "And Bull Connor isn't playing. There's a good chance some of us won't come back alive." So death cast a shadow over Dr King's work. But it wasn't just him, and his colleagues, who lived in danger. In the United States, the 1960s was a febrile, dangerous decade. It was a time of riots (Harlem, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Detroit, others), war (Vietnam), and assassinations (John F Kennedy, Malcolm X, Dr King himself, Robert F Kennedy). "This is what's going to happen to me," Dr King told his wife, Coretta, after JFK was killed in 1963. "I keep telling you, this is a sick society." In the months before Memphis, says Professor Rieder, Dr King was in a "very fragile emotional state". "He was feeling, at a political level, that America was descending into the opposite of the beloved community that he struggled for," he says. "White racial backlash had spread across the north. George Wallace [Governor of Alabama], his nemesis from the south, was running for president. "Younger generations of blacks and civil rights activists were turning away from his beloved doctrine of Christian non-violence. And he doubted, are we still relevant?" That doubt - that despair, even - was revealed in a Virginia hotel room, seven months before he died. After a meeting with colleagues, Dr King was drinking alone when he woke them up, shouting. "I don't want to do this anymore!" he yelled. "I want to go back to my little church!" He didn't go back, of course. He kept going; kept fighting; kept demanding rights. And that is why, on a stormy April night, he found himself in the Mason Temple in Memphis, standing up for black workers. He was 39 years old. "It doesn't really matter whether he's predicting his death in the next few days - but he is a man who knows that it's really close in time and space," says Professor Rieder. "What is clear, though, is that he understands his life could end at any moment and he's looking back, reflecting on its meaning." Towards the end of the Memphis speech, Dr King talked about the day he was stabbed in New York, 10 years earlier. If he had sneezed, he said, he would have died, and therefore missed the Civil Rights Bill, the I Have A Dream speech, the movement in Selma, and other great moments. "I want to say tonight," he told the crowd, "that I, too, am happy that I didn't sneeze". So his final words were not just an acceptance that death was possible; or probable, even. They were an attempt to pass the torch; to keep the flame burning if - or when - he was killed. "He's saying 'even if I don't make it, we will make it,'" says Professor Rieder. "He's reassuring the movement that black people as a whole will overcome. In this process, he's embracing his sacrificial vocation. "In preparing for death, he doesn't feel despondent. And in the end, he's providing an epitaph for the movement, as well as himself. "The theme running throughout the speech is 'we have much to be proud of'. I read that as, even if I die, I have lived a good life. I have done my bit to bring us closer to the Promised Land." | পঞ্চাশ বছর আগে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের নাগরিক অধিকার আন্দোলনের নেতা মার্টিন লুথার কিং এক সমাবেশে তাঁর জীবনের শেষ ভাষণ দিয়েছেন। তিনি কি সেই ভাষণে তাঁর হত্যা সম্পর্কে ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী করেছিলেন? |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | By Divya AryaBBC News, Delhi The ruling was made after five women petitioned the court, arguing that the practice, which allows a Muslim man to divorce his wife in minutes merely by repeating the word "talaq" (divorce) three times, was a violation of their fundamental rights. These are their stories: Afreen Rehman, Jaipur, Rajasthan When Afreen Rehman, married her lawyer husband in a lavish ceremony in the northern city of Jaipur in 2014, she had an MBA and a lucrative job. She then resigned from her job at his insistence. "I wanted the marriage to work so I agreed," says Ms Rehman."But it didn't. There were frequent demands for dowry and bouts of violence, I slipped into depression." Within the year, she alleges, she was asked to leave her husband's house. She went to live with her widowed mother. A few months later, she was seriously injured in a car crash that also killed her mother. While she was recovering, her husband sent a note to her sister's house with the words "talaq, talaq, talaq" scribbled on it. "I was shocked. It's a horrible feeling to be left alone without being consulted," she says. "I just didn't know what to do." Ms Rehman's cousin, an activist, encouraged her to approach the courts to annul the talaq and also helped her file dowry harassment and domestic violence charges. Her husband and mother-in-law deny these charges. They were arrested and released on bail four days later. "I will have to live with stigma all my life, because in India, the woman is always considered responsible for divorce," says Ms Rehman. "I don't want to return to my husband - that's not why I'm fighting this case. It's for justice and to ensure other women do not get treated like this." Shayara Bano, Kashipur, Uttarakhand "Instant triple talaq changes the life of a woman forever and destroys her children's future," declares Shayara Bano. Ms Bano was recovering from illness at her parent's home in the northern city of Kashipur in October 2015 when she received a letter from her husband. He had written "I give you talaq" three times on it. That was the end of her 15-year marriage. Her children were at her marital home when the letter came. She alleges that she has not been able to see them since. "I'm a victim but I didn't want that to continue with future generations, that's why I went to the Supreme Court," she says. A local court sent notices to her husband to appear before it and explain why he was refusing Ms Bano access to her children, and put his viewpoint but he has not appeared. She alleged that her husband abused her and wouldn't allow her to leave the house. "My children were the only reason I tolerated it," she says. Her husband remarried in 2016. Ms Bano says she has lost faith in the institution of marriage but is trying to move on. She has also enrolled in an MBA programme so she can find a job and does not want to remarry or see her daughter forced into marriage. "What is the guarantee that another man would not treat me this way?" she asks. She says her daughter should marry only "when she is financially independent". Ishrat Jahan, Kolkata, West Bengal Ishrat Jahan was heartbroken when her husband called her from Dubai and abruptly ending their marriage of 15 years by simply saying "talaq" three times. He soon remarried. It had been a long and unhappy relationship. Ms Jahan alleges that her husband "insulted and harassed" her for having three daughters and says that he also forced her to have a "physical relationship" with his brother. She had a son in 2014, but she says it was "too late" by then, as he had already made up his mind to marry another woman. Soon after the divorce, Ms Jahan says her husband "kidnapped" the children and took them to live with his second wife. Ms Jahan is illiterate, but knows that "instant triple talaq" is not mentioned in the Koran. "According to the Koran, if a man wants to marry a second time, he needs to take permission from his first wife," she says. She approached the Supreme Court with the help of a local NGO. She has also filed police complaints accusing her husband of domestic violence and his brother of molestation. But, she says, she still wants to reunite with her husband. "And if my husband just does not want to live with me any more, he should say that to me in person, and we can talk about it," she says. "Whatever he decides, he should at least let me keep my children." Atiya Sabri, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh Atiya Sabri only found out she had been divorced when her husband sent a letter to her brother's office, in which he had written "talaq, talaq, talaq". "Sharia law says a marriage can take place only when both parties agree, so how can 'talaq' be given by one person unilaterally?" asks Ms Sabri. "He never called or spoke to me about it, that's why I don't accept this divorce." In February, she appealed to the Supreme Court to declare instant triple talaq unconstitutional. Ms Sabri's two-and-a-half-year-old marriage was strained. She alleges that she was "punished" for giving birth to two daughters, and says her husband's family abused and even tried to poison her. She was then "thrown out" of her their home and had to be admitted to hospital, she adds. Soon after, the letter arrived. Ms Sabri complained to the police about the violence. Her husband, who denies the charges, was arrested and is awaiting trial. "A voice within me said if I got scared or gave up, what would happen to my daughters?" she says. "I have to fight for them and win my rights." Gulshan Parveen, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh Gulshan Parveen's family had a hard time finding an educated groom for her. With a Masters in English and a job teaching at a private school, she was among the most qualified women in her town in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh. The man she finally married was less qualified but from a "respectable" family. The marriage did not last. She was often sent to her parents' home for months on end. "She was sent home for six months when she became pregnant and then after the baby was delivered again for eight months - and when she returned, her husband wouldn't give her proper food and would beat her up too," alleges Ms Parveen's brother, Raees. Still, she kept going back to her husband's home because she wanted to make sure her child had a family. The abuse continued but after one incident when he allegedly "beat her with rods", Ms Praveen went to the police. Local elders also intervened and agreements between the couple to "live amicably" were reached. Ms Parveen's husband then submitted a letter to the police declaring he had given her "instant triple talaq". So she appealed to the Supreme Court to restore her conjugal rights. "The only reason she wants to return to her husband is so that her son can grow up in a family. After all how long will I or our parents support her?" Raees says. What is triple talaq? Analysis, Geeta Pandey, BBC News Muslims are India's largest minority community, with a population of 155 million, and their marriages and divorces are governed by Muslim personal law, ostensibly based on Sharia law. Even though it has been practised for decades, unilateral instant triple talaq is clearly an aberration - it finds no mention in the Sharia or the Koran. Islamic scholars say the Koran clearly spells out how to issue a divorce - it has to be spread over three months, which allows a couple time for reflection and reconciliation. Most Islamic countries, including Pakistan and Bangladesh, have banned instant triple talaq, but it has continued in India until now. And modern technology has made it even easier for unscrupulous men to dump their wives phone, email or text. There have also been instances where men have used Skype, WhatsApp or Facebook for the purpose. | ভারতে মুসলিম সমাজের মধ্যে প্রচলিত তিন তালাক প্রথাকে মঙ্গলবার সে দেশের সুপ্রিম কোর্ট অসাংবিধানিক ঘোষণা করেছে। এই রায় দিয়েছে যে বেঞ্চ, তার অধিকাংশ বিচারপতি একে কোরান-বিরোধী বলেও বর্ণনা করেছেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Chris FoxTechnology reporter It was the BBC's biggest test of machine-generated journalism so far. Each of nearly 700 articles - most in English but 40 of them in Welsh - was checked by a human editor before publication. The head of the project said the tech was designed to enhance the service provided rather than to replace humans. "This is about doing journalism that we cannot do with human beings at the moment," said Robert McKenzie, editor of BBC News Labs. "Using machine assistance, we generated a story for every single constituency that declared last night with the exception of the one that hasn't finished counting yet. That would never have been possible [using humans]." Several news organisations are testing automated journalism as a way of covering data-driven stories more efficiently. The technology can quickly produce stories focused on numbers, such as football scores, company financial reports - and general election results. Overnight, the BBC generated 649 news articles in English - one constituency has yet to declare its results - and 40 in Welsh. Vauxhall: as told by machine Florence Eshalomi has been elected MP for Vauxhall, meaning that the Labour Party holds the seat with a decreased majority. The new MP beat Liberal Democrat Sarah Lewis by 19,612 votes. This was fewer than Kate Hoey's 20,250-vote majority in the 2017 general election. Sarah Bool of the Conservative Party came third and the Green Party's Jacqueline Bond came fourth. Voter turnout was down by 3.5 percentage points since the last general election. More than 56,000 people, 63.5% of those eligible to vote, went to polling stations across the area on Thursday, in the first December general election since 1923. Three of the six candidates, Jacqueline Bond (Green), Andrew McGuinness (The Brexit Party) and Salah Faissal (independent) lost their £500 deposits after failing to win 5% of the vote. This story about Vauxhall was created using some automation. Mr McKenzie said the articles reflected a "BBC style" because the choice of phrases could be programmed in advance by BBC writers. "As a journalist, you try to think of every conceivable permutation of a story in advance," he said. "Then you write a template. The machine selects particular phrases or particular words in response to precise pieces of data. So you can write everything if you want to, in 'house style'." Journalists at BBC offices in Belfast, Cardiff, Glasgow and London checked the articles before publication. Mr McKenzie said one limitation of the system was that it could not add analysis to articles. So, in a small number of significant seats such as the Kensington constituency, human journalists added additional context. "This clearly only works on stories that are grounded in data. It is not a technology that allows you to do any kind of analysis," said Mr McKenzie. "None of the stories have any quotations in, none of them have any analysis of what happened or what the significance is. It is purely a written version of what has happened based on the data. So that's quite a big downside in terms of quality of journalism." The BBC has run several automated journalism experiments, generating dozens of localised stories about A&E waiting times and publicly funded tree planting. However, Mr McKenzie said the BBC was still in the "very early stages of understanding what audiences want from the technology". | যুক্তরাজ্যের প্রতিটি নির্বাচনী এলাকার প্রকাশিত ফলের উপর ভিত্তি করে, প্রথমবারের মত বিবিসি নিউজ এমন একটি প্রতিবেদন প্রকাশ করেছে যেটি পুরোটাই লিখেছে কম্পিউটার। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Alt News website reported on Wednesday that the ministry used the picture in its annual report to show that it had installed floodlights in border areas. But the website said the picture was taken in 2006 by Spanish photographer Javier Moyano of the Ceuta enclave. The ministry has reportedly ordered an inquiry into the "embarrassing gaffe". Edited Modi flood photo sparks mockery Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has faced similar online mockery in the past for using wrong or photo-shopped pictures in official press releases and reports. India's state-run Press Information Bureau in 2015 tweeted an obviously edited image of Mr Modi surveying deadly Chennai floods. In the latest gaffe, the home ministry included the picture in its report which was published on its website. After Alt News reported the error, many Indians took to Twitter to mock the ministry. The NDTV website reported that Home Secretary Rajiv Mehrishi had demanded an explanation from officials. "If it's a mistake by the ministry, we will apologise," he said. The ministry has been installing floodlights in border areas to check smuggling and infiltration. In its annual report, the ministry said it had floodlit 647km (402 miles) of India's border with Pakistan and Bangladesh. Officials said it was unclear how a wrong picture made its way into the annual report. | স্পেন-মরক্কো সীমান্তের একটি ছবি ব্যবহার করে নিজেদের কৃতিত্ব জাহির করার জন্য ভারতের স্বরাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়কে নিয়ে টুইটারে প্রবল হাসি-মশকরা শুরু হয়েছে। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | Here are some images showing what life was like for Iranian women before the institution of clerical rule, and how it has changed since. Before the revolution Studying at Tehran University in 1977: While many women were already in higher education at the time of the revolution, the subsequent years saw a marked increase in the number attending university. This was in part because the authorities managed to convince conservative families living in rural areas to allow their daughters to study away from home. "They tried to stop women from attending university, but there was such a backlash they had to allow them to return," says Baroness Haleh Afshar, a professor of women's studies at the University of York who grew up in Iran in the 1960s. "Some educated people left Iran, and the authorities realised in order to run the country they needed to educate both men and women." Window shopping in Tehran in 1976: Before the revolution, the hijab was already widely worn but many women also chose to don Western-style clothes, including tight-fitting jeans, miniskirts and short-sleeved tops. "The shoes haven't changed - and the passion for shoes is in all of us! Women in Iran are no different from women the world over, and going shopping is just a means for women to get away from every day stress," says Prof Afshar. Friday picnic in Tehran in 1976: Families and friends tend to get together on Fridays, which are weekend days in Iran. "Picnics are an important part of Iranian culture and are very popular amongst the middle classes. This has not changed since the revolution. The difference is, nowadays, men and women sitting together are much more self-aware and show more restraint in their interactions," says Prof Afshar. Hair salon in Tehran in 1977: "This is a scene you would no longer expect to see in Iran - but even after the Islamic Revolution, hairdressers continued to exist," says Prof Afshar. "Nowadays you wouldn't see a man inside the hairdressers - and women would know to cover up their hair as soon as they walked out the door. Some people may also operate secret salons in their own homes where men and women can mix." Bodyguards surround the shah in 1971: A young woman approaches Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (far right) at a huge party marking the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian monarchy - the extravagance of the event was widely condemned by his left-wing and clerical opponents. "By this time, the shah was already very much disliked and some believe this image of excess and indulgence may have contributed to events leading up to the revolution eight years later," Prof Afshar explains. Walking down a snowy street in Tehran in 1976: "You cannot stop women walking in the streets of Iran, but you wouldn't see this today - her earrings and make up so clearly on show," Prof Afshar says. "There is this concept of 'decency' in Iran - so nowadays women walking in the streets are likely to wear a coat down to her knees and a scarf." After the revolution Women rally against the hijab in 1979: Soon after taking power, Iran's new Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini decreed that all women had to wear the veil - regardless of religion or nationality. On 8 March - International Women's Day - thousands of women from all walks of life turned out to protest against the law. Protest outside the US embassy in Tehran in 1979: Revolutionary students took dozens of US embassy staff hostage while thousands of anti-US demonstrators surrounded the compound. "At this time it was normal to see different types of people allied in their absolute hatred of America in Iran," says Prof Afshar. "The Americans and the British have a long history in Iran of attempting to both influence and take over oil in Iran, so this deep-rooted mistrust of the US and UK goes back a long way." Family heads to Friday prayers in 1980: "Friday prayers are a time for people who are believers or supporters of the Islamic authorities who don't want to be labelled as dissidents to go out and get together - it's a moment of solidarity," says Prof Afshar. "But they are still very much within the male domain. The woman would not be allowed into the same room as the men - they would sit in a separate area for prayer, away from the men." Wedding dress shopping in Tehran in 1986: "The wedding dresses on display are all western - Iranian women will essentially wear what they want as long as it's behind closed doors," Prof Afshar explains. "Weddings and parties are supposed to be segregated, so it doesn't matter what you wear if there are only female guests present. But there are mixed-sex parties that do still go on - some people hire bouncers to watch the door, others pay the local police to turn a blind eye." Walking in Tehran in 2005: Not all women in Iran opt to wear the black chador, a cloak that covers the body from head to toe and only leaves the face exposed. Many prefer to wear loosely fitted headscarves and coats. "The real question is how far back do you push your scarf? Women have their own small acts of resistance and often try as far as possible to push their scarves back," says Prof Afshar. Caspian Sea beach in 2005: Iranian women are forbidden from bathing in public wearing swimsuits. "Men and women aren't supposed to swim together - but they find ways around this by renting boats to take them far out into the sea, where they can swim side-by-side," says Prof Afshar. Pro-hijab rally in Tehran in 2006: More than 25 years after the revolution, women backing the hardliners in the establishment staged their own rallies to protest against what they saw as the authorities' failure to enforce the compulsory hijab law. Here, the women are all dressed in black chadors with the exception of a little girl. Watching football from a Tehran shopping centre in 2008: Though women were never officially banned from watching men's football matches in Iran, they are often refused entry to stadiums and some of those who have tried have been detained. Before the revolution, women were allowed to attend sporting events. All pictures copyright. | ঠিক ৪০ বছর আগে ১৯৭৯ সালে ইরানের ইসলামী বিপ্লব দেশটিতে যুগান্তকারী পরিবর্তনের সূচনা করেছিল। সবচেয়ে বড় পরিবর্তন এসেছিল সেদেশের মেয়েদের জীবন ও পোশাকের ক্ষেত্রে। ইরানের শাহ ১৯৩০ এর দশকে মেয়েদের নিকাব নিষিদ্ধ করেছিলেন, পুলিশকে আদেশ দেয়া হয়েছিল কোন মেয়ের মাথায় হিজাব থাকলে তা জোর করে খুলে দিতে। কিন্তু ১৯৮০র দশকের শুরুতে নতুন ইসলামী কর্তৃপক্ষ মেয়েরা কি পোশাক পরবে তার এক নতুন ও বাধ্যতামূলক নিয়ম বলবৎ করেন। এতে বলা হয়, সব নারীকে হিজাব পরতে হবে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | But according to a new survey, for some with the illness the words are seen as inappropriate rather than uplifting. The UK poll by Macmillan Cancer Support of 2,000 people who have or had cancer found "cancer-stricken" and "victim" were also among the least-liked terms. The charity said it showed how "divisive" simple descriptions of cancer can be. Calling a person's cancer diagnosis a "war" or a "battle" and saying they had "lost their battle" or "lost their fight" when they died, were other unpopular descriptions, according to the poll carried out by YouGov. Articles in the media and posts on social networks were found to be the worst offenders for using such language. The survey found a preference for factual words to describe people with cancer, their diagnosis, and when someone with the illness dies. 'I'm not inspirational' Mandy Mahoney, 47, has incurable metastatic breast cancer. The outreach support worker, from London, was initially diagnosed with breast cancer in 2011 and it has since returned five times. She said: "I think cancer-speak can be quite negatively loaded - the brave, fighter, warrior and survivor standard descriptors put an awful lot of pressure on the newly diagnosed." Mandy said she also objected to describing people as "losing their battle" with cancer. "That confers that you didn't fight or gave up," she said. Instead, she prefers "clear, factual language" and describes herself simply as "living with incurable cancer". "I'm not brave or inspirational, I'm just trying to live the life I have left well," she added. However, Craig Toley, who was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2016 and is now in remission, said he thought some of the more positive terms could be empowering. The 31-year-old, who is a powerlifter in his spare time, says: "Language like 'fight', 'struggle', 'warrior' and 'battle' will be interpreted differently by different people. "Personally, I found those words helped empower me a lot and made me think of my cancer as a challenge I needed to fight. "Everyone likes the story of a fighter." 'Divisive words' Karen Roberts, chief nursing officer at Macmillan Cancer Support, said: "These results show just how divisive and 'Marmite' simple words and descriptions can be. "Cancer throws all kinds of things your way, and struggling to find the words, and the emotional turmoil caused when our friends and family don't get it 'right' only makes lives feel even more upended. "By drawing attention to this we want to encourage more people to talk about the words they prefer to hear, and stop the damage that can be caused to people's wellbeing and relationships." Mandy said it was not necessary for people to "swallow a textbook and come up with all of the key phrases" to talk to someone with cancer, and it is fine to not always know what to say. "If you tell me it's awkward and you don't know what to say I will find a way to make that right for you, and actually on some occasions I might say 'we don't have to talk about it'. "But just be real." Macmillan Cancer Support has launched a campaign to highlight the challenges posed by a cancer diagnosis and the support available. | যোদ্ধা, লড়াকু, হিরো- ক্যান্সার আক্রান্ত ব্যক্তিদের প্রসঙ্গে কথা বলতে গিয়ে আপনি হয়তো কখনো এসব শব্দ ব্যবহার করে থাকতে পারেন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | By Daniel ThomasBusiness reporter, BBC News The AA warned that prolonged uncertainty over the safety of international ships carrying oil through the Strait of Hormuz could keep UK petrol prices at already high levels this summer. And the UK has warned Iran there could be "serious" diplomatic consequences if it does not release the Stena Impero tanker, suggesting there could be more disruption ahead. Petrol is made from oil and threats to supply can push up costs for consumers. How does the Iran situation affect oil prices? Iran apparently seized the Stena Impero in retaliation for the detention of one of its own tankers by British forces off Gibraltar, but it followed months of tension between the US and Iran who have accused each other of aggressive behaviour in the region. In that time Tehran has been implicated in attacks on six other oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz, resulting in a build up of US and UK naval forces in the area. There are now fears that Iran might try to block the strait, a strategically important shipping route that lies off its south coast, effectively choking off access to the oil-rich Persian Gulf. That would cut off access to about a fifth of the world's oil and a quarter of its natural gas. Most believe a diplomatic solution is still the most likely outcome. However if Iran did close the strait (which it has not so far threatened to do) it would "drive up oil prices significantly", says David Balston, head of the UK Chamber of Shipping. "There are oil terminals outside of the Gulf but they are limited so you would have to find markets elsewhere. "It would significantly push up petrol and gas prices in the UK," he adds, because 5% of the country's oil and 13% of its natural gas passes through the Strait of Hormuz. And without a diplomatic solution, it would be likely to spark a "military response" from Western allies, he says. What's going on with oil prices now? Global oil prices have been volatile in recent weeks because of the tensions, but it's "not been too dramatic", says John Hall, chairman of the Alpha Energy Group consultancy. A barrel of Brent Crude - considered the international benchmark - stood at about $63.5 on Monday, more than $10 below its 2019 highs. Mr Hall thinks this is partly because the market - which dictates the price of oil - has tired of "threats and bluster" from US President Donald Trump against Iran that never go any further. "Until recently, every time Trump tweeted the market moved but investors are becoming immune," Mr Hall says. Instead investors are looking at the "fundamentals" in the oil market, which aren't very healthy. The Chinese economy is slowing down so demand from the world's second largest consumer of oil could slip. And attempts by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (Opec) such as Saudi Arabia, along with Russia, to prop up prices by cutting output have largely failed because of a vast increase in US production. "There is a view is there will be too much oil in the market through the rest of this year, which will restrain prices," says Mr Hall. What does this all mean for petrol prices? The AA says that UK fuel prices at the start of the summer getaway, last week, were at their highest level since 2014, at 128.5p a litre for unleaded and 131.7p for diesel. Luke Bodstadt, the AA's fuel price spokesman, says the tensions with Iran have played a role and that prices are not likely to fall for the next few months. He is not expecting a big spike unless the dispute seriously escalates, but says a "bigger risk to drivers" would be a further fall in the pound against the dollar. Oil is sold on international markets in dollars, while sterling has been trading near two-year lows amid heightened chances of a no-deal Brexit. Alpha Energy Group's Mr Hall says Iran is unlikely to shut the Strait of Hormuz, but if it does we could see a "massive shortage" of oil pushing prices up to perhaps $100 a barrel. "If it was really serious I think you could expect petrol to go up 20p a litre, that's a conservative estimate," he says. The more immediate issue is how the UK will respond to the seizure of the Stena tanker, he says. "At the moment there is a serious diplomatic game running between Iran, the US and the UK with Iran deliberately being provocative." | পারস্য উপসাগরে ইরানের কর্তৃপক্ষ ব্রিটিশ পতাকাধারী তেলের ট্যাংকার আটকের পর থেকে বিশ্বব্যাপী তেলের দাম কিছুটা ওঠানামা করছে এবং আশঙ্কা করা হচ্ছে যে তেলের দাম দ্রুত বৃদ্ধি পেতে পারে। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The Supreme Court said Baiq Nuril Maknun was guilty of spreading "indecent" material. Her boss reported her to the police in 2015 after the recording was circulated. Rights groups condemned the ruling. Nuril had complained of getting lewd phone calls from the head teacher of the school she worked at in Mataram, a city on the island of Lombok. She recorded one of the telephone calls in which the head teacher allegedly made sexually explicit and abusive comments. The recording was later distributed among staff at the school and submitted to the head of the local education agency. It also went viral on social media. The head teacher - who court documents say lost his job after the recording was circulated - reported her to the police for distributing the recording of their conversation. The Supreme Court found her guilty in November of "violating decency" under Indonesia's electronic information and transactions law. On Thursday, it dismissed her efforts to have the verdict overturned, saying she had failed to produce new evidence. "Her judicial review was rejected because her crime has been legally and convincingly proven," court spokesman Abdullah told AFP news agency. The court also upheld a fine of 500 million rupiah (£28,200; $35,200). Nuril has argued that she did not distribute the recording - saying that a friend took it off her mobile phone. Her lawyer, Joko Jumadi, told BBC Indonesian that his client was "ready to accept the verdict" of the court but that she hoped she would be the "last victim to be face criminal charges" for speaking out about sexual harassment in Indonesia. He said that she was "relatively calm" on hearing the court's decision. The latest ruling cannot be appealed against, but her legal team said she would ask Indonesian President Joko Widodo for amnesty. He has previously said that he would consider a request for a pardon if she failed in her legal appeals. But her lawyers say they do not want a pardon because their client has not committed a crime. The case has sparked outrage in Indonesia, with rights groups warning that the verdict sends a worrying message to victims of sexual harassment. "We are concerned about the impact of this decision because it opens a door for perpetrators of sexual violence to criminalise victims," Ade Wahyudin, executive director of the Legal Aid Foundation for the Press, told Reuters news agency. | যৌন হয়রানির প্রমাণ হিসেবে নিজের 'বস' এর সাথে হওয়া ফোনালাপ রেকর্ড করা এবং তা ছড়িয়ে দেয়ার দায়ে ইন্দোনেশিয়ার এক নারীর ছয় মাসের কারাদন্ডের শাস্তির বিরুদ্ধে করা আবেদন বাতিল করেছে ইন্দোনেশিয়ার শীর্ষ আদালত। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The anti-corruption campaigner fell ill during a flight and the plane made an emergency landing in Omsk, where doctors said he was in a coma and they were trying to save his life. His team suspects something was put in his tea at an airport cafe. The Kremlin said that it wished Mr Navalny a "speedy recovery". Mr Navalny, 44, has for years been among President Vladimir Putin's staunchest critics. In June he described a vote on constitutional reforms as a "coup" and a "violation of the constitution". The reforms allow Mr Putin to serve another two terms in office, after the four terms he has already had. British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab said he was "deeply concerned" by the reports Mr Navalny had been poisoned, and sent his thoughts to him and his family. What has the spokeswoman said? Kira Yarmysh, the press secretary for the Anti-Corruption Foundation, which Mr Navalny founded in 2011, tweeted: "This morning Navalny was returning to Moscow from Tomsk. "During the flight, he felt ill. The plane made an urgent landing in Omsk. Alexei has toxic poisoning." She added: "We suspect that Alexei was poisoned by something mixed into [his] tea. It was the only thing he drank since morning. "Doctors are saying that the toxic agent absorbed faster through the hot liquid. Right now Alexei is unconscious." Ms Yarmysh said later that Mr Navalny was on a ventilator and in a coma, and that the hospital was now full of police officers. All of his belongings were being confiscated, she added. She also said that doctors were initially ready to share any information but then they later claimed the toxicology tests had been delayed and were "clearly playing for time, and not saying what they know". Diagnosis would be "towards evening", she was told. Both Mr Navalny's wife, Yulia Navalnaya, and doctor, Anastasia Vasilyeva, have arrived at the hospital. Mrs Navalnaya was initially denied access to her husband because authorities said the patient had not agreed to the visit, Ms Yarmysh said, although she was later allowed on to the ward. Dr Vasilyeva said they were seeking to transfer the opposition leader to a specialist poison control centre in Europe, but hospital doctors were refusing to provide records of his condition. What are the other reports from the scene? The Tass news agency quoted one source at the Omsk Emergency Hospital as saying: "Alexei Anatolyevich Navalny, born in 1976. Poisoning intensive care." However, the deputy head physician of the hospital later told media that it was not certain Mr Navalny had been poisoned, although poisoning was "naturally" one of the diagnoses being considered. Anatoly Kalinichenko said that doctors were "genuinely trying to save [Mr Navalny's] life". Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov later said it wished the critic a speedy recovery - as it would all citizens in such circumstances - and that the authorities would consider approving treatment abroad if it were requested. Video footage on social media shows Mr Navalny being taken on a stretcher to an ambulance on the airport runway. Other disturbing video appears to show a stricken Mr Navalny in pain on the flight. Passenger Pavel Lebedev said: "At the start of the flight he went to the toilet and didn't come back. He started feeling really sick. They struggled to bring him round and he was screaming in pain." Another photograph on social media purports to show Mr Navalny drinking from a cup at a Tomsk airport cafe. The Interfax agency said the cafe owners were checking CCTV to see if it could provide any evidence. Who is Alexei Navalny? He made a name for himself by exposing official corruption, labelling Mr Putin's United Russia as "the party of crooks and thieves", and has served several jail terms. In 2011 he was arrested and imprisoned for 15 days following protests over vote-rigging by Mr Putin's United Russia party in parliamentary elections. Mr Navalny was briefly jailed in July 2013 on embezzlement charges but denounced the sentence as political. He attempted to stand in the 2018 presidential race but was barred because of previous fraud convictions in a case he again said was politically motivated. Mr Navalny was also given a 30-day jail term in July 2019 after calling for unauthorised protests. He was taken ill during that jail sentence. Doctors diagnosed him with "contact dermatitis" but he said he had never had any acute allergic reactions and his own doctor suggested he might have been exposed to "some toxic agent". Mr Navalny also said he thought he may have been poisoned. Mr Navalny also suffered a serious chemical burn to his right eye in 2017 when he was assaulted with green, antiseptic dye. Last year his Anti-Corruption Foundation was officially declared a "foreign agent", enabling the authorities to subject it to more checks. Other attacks on Kremlin critics If this is confirmed as a poisoning, previous attacks on high-profile critics of President Putin would again be thrown into the spotlight. They include politician Boris Nemtsov and journalist Anna Politkovskaya, who were shot dead, and intelligence officer Alexander Litvinenko, who died of poisoning in the UK. Journalist and opposition activist Vladimir Kara-Murza is still alive, but has alleged he was poisoned twice by Russian security services. He nearly died after suffering kidney failure in 2015 and went into a coma two years later. Another Kremlin critic, Pyotr Verzilov, accused Russia's intelligence services of poisoning him in 2018, when he fell ill after a court hearing, losing his sight and ability to speak. The same year, former Russian double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter were poisoned with the Novichok nerve agent in the British city of Salisbury. The UK believes agents from Russia's GRU military intelligence service were behind the attack, but the Kremlin has always denied involvement. | বিমানযাত্রার সময় রাশিয়ার বিরোধী নেতা অ্যালেক্সেই নাভালনি অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়েন এবং বিমানটিকে ওমস্ক শহরে জরুরি অবতরণ করতে হয় বলে জানাচ্ছেন তার মুখপাত্র কিরা ইয়ারমিশ। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The BBC has been told that about 1.1 million of them are UK-based. The overall figure had been previously quoted as being 50 million by the whistleblower Christopher Wylie. Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg said "clearly we should have done more, and we will going forward". During a press conference he said that he had previously assumed that if Facebook gave people tools, it was largely their responsibility to decide how to use them. But he added that it was "wrong in retrospect" to have had such a limited view. "Today, given what we know... I think we understand that we need to take a broader view of our responsibility," he said. "That we're not just building tools, but that we need to take full responsibility for the outcomes of how people use those tools as well." Mr Zuckerberg also announced an internal audit had uncovered a fresh problem. Malicious actors had been abusing a feature that let users search for one another by typing in email addresses or phone numbers into Facebook's search box. As a result, many people's public profile information had been "scraped" and matched to the contact details, which had been obtained from elsewhere. Facebook has now blocked the facility. "It is reasonable to expect that if you had that [default] setting turned on, that in the last several years someone has probably accessed your public information in this way," Mr Zuckerberg said. New numbers The estimates of how many people's data had been exposed were revealed in a blog by the tech firm's chief technology officer, Mike Schroepfer. The BBC has also learned that Facebook now estimates that about 305,000 people had installed the This Is Your Digital Life quiz that had made the data-harvesting possible. The previously suggested figure had been 270,000. About 97% of the installations occurred within the US. However, just over 16 million of the total number of users affected are thought to be from other countries. A spokeswoman for the UK's Information Commissioner's Office told the BBC that it was continuing to assess and consider the evidence before deciding what steps to take. What is the controversy about? Facebook has faced intense criticism after it emerged that it had known for years that Cambridge Analytica had collected data from millions of its users, but had relied on the London-based firm to self-certify that it had deleted the information. Cambridge Analytica said it had bought the information from the creator of the This Is Your Digital Life app without knowing that it had been obtained improperly. The firm says it deleted all the data as soon as it was made aware of the circumstances. But Channel 4 News has since reported that at least some of the data in question is still in circulation despite Cambridge Analytica insisting it had destroyed the material. During Mr Zuckerberg's press conference, Cambridge Analytica tweeted it had only obtained data for 30 million individuals - not 87 million - from the app's creator, and again insisted it had deleted all records. The latest revelations came several hours after the US House Commerce Committee announced that Facebook's founder, Mark Zuckerberg, would testify before it on 11 April. Facebook's share price has dropped sharply in the weeks since the allegations emerged. Wide-ranging changes In his Wednesday blog post, Mr Schroepfer detailed new steps being taken by Facebook in the wake of the scandal. They include: Facebook has also published proposed new versions of its terms of service and data use policy. The documents are longer than the existing editions in order to make the language clearer and more descriptive. Tinder users affected Another change the company announced involved limiting the type of information that can be accessed by third-party applications. Immediately after the changes were announced, however, users of the widely popular dating app Tinder were hit by login errors, leaving them unable to use the service. Tinder relies on Facebook to manage its logins. Users reported that they had been signed out of the app and were unable to log in again. Instead, the app repeatedly asks for more permissions to access a user's Facebook profile information. Many were quick to link the outage to the changes announced by Facebook. Fake news The Cambridge Analytica scandal follows earlier controversies about "fake news" and evidence that Russia tried to influence US voters via Facebook. Mr Zuckerberg has declined to answer questions from British MPs. When asked about this by the BBC, he said he had decided that his chief technology officer and chief product officer should answer questions from countries other than the US. He added, however, that he had made a mistake in 2016 by dismissing the notion that fake news had influenced the US Presidential election. "People will analyse the actual impact of this for a long time to come," he added. "But what I think is clear at this point is that it was too flippant and I should never have referred to it as crazy." | ফেসবুক বলেছে তাদের ধারণা অনুযায়ী ৮কোটি ৭০ লাখ মানুষের তথ্য লন্ডনভিত্তিক রাজনৈতিক পরামর্শদাতা প্রতিষ্ঠান ক্যামব্রিজ অ্যানালিটিকার সাথে হয়েছিল। |
এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন | The Department of Homeland Security said the 6 January attack on the US Capitol by Trump supporters may have emboldened some extremists. In an advisory it warned of a threat from "individuals frustrated with the exercise of governmental authority". But it added that there was no information on a specific plot. The attack on the US Capitol building came as Congress was meeting to confirm Joe Biden's election victory. Outgoing President Donald Trump had earlier addressed thousands of his supporters outside the White House and repeated unfounded claims that the election had been stolen from him. He told them: "If you don't fight like hell you're not going to have a country any more." A crowd then made its way to the Capitol, overwhelming security and storming the building. Five people, including a Capitol Police officer, died in the riot. Mr Trump has now been impeached by the House of Representatives for incitement and his trial in the Senate is due to start next month. The advisory issued on Wednesday said that the department believed a heightened threat would persist in "the weeks following the successful presidential inauguration". "Information suggests that some ideologically-motivated violent extremists with objections to the exercise of governmental authority and the presidential transition, as well as other perceived grievances fuelled by false narratives, could continue to mobilise to incite or commit violence," it said. The advisory added that some "domestic violent extremists... may be emboldened" by the breach of the Capitol building "to target elected officials and government facilities". It is the first such public alert that the department has issued in about a year. The attack on the Capitol sent shockwaves around the country and US authorities moved quickly to identify and arrest those responsible. Prosecutors say they have so far identified 400 suspects and arrested 135 in connection with the violence. Capitol raiders lauded on Telegram By Regan Morris, BBC News in Los Angeles As the government warns Americans to stay vigilant against potential attacks from "homegrown violent extremists" who may feel emboldened by the 6 January riot, many in the country consider the people who stormed the US Capitol to be "patriots" who should be celebrated. On the social media site Telegram, where many right-wing groups moved after being banned by Twitter and Facebook, the Capitol raiders are lauded as freedom fighters and heroes. The chat streams are full of conspiracies, QAnon plots, anti-Semitism and support for Donald Trump. It's not clear who is real and who might be a troll or a bot on the site - some of the posts are so hateful and offensive. And many deny basic facts of history or present-day events and promote violence. Many posts are from true believers of Donald Trump who say he should still be the US president. | যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে নভেম্বরের নির্বাচনের ফলাফলে সন্তুষ্ট হতে পারেননি এমন ব্যক্তিদের কাছ থেকে অভ্যন্তরীণ সন্ত্রাসী কর্মকাণ্ডের হুমকি বেড়েছে বলে সতর্ক করে দিয়েছেন মার্কিন নিরাপত্তার দায়িত্বে নিয়োজিত বিভিন্ন বিভাগের প্রধানেরা। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | BBC analysis of the study shows the northern city of Kanpur tops the list of world cities with the highest PM2.5 levels in 2016. PM2.5 are tiny but deadly air particles, which can increase the likelihood of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Air pollution caused 4.2 million deaths globally in 2016, the study said. Kanpur's average PM2.5 level in the same year was 173, which is 17 times higher than the WHO's safe limit. India's capital, Delhi, is in sixth spot with average PM2.5 levels recorded at 143. The study added that nine out of 10 people in the world breathe polluted air. Around 3.8 million people died in 2016 due to pollution "from cooking with polluting fuels and technologies", it said. "It is unacceptable that over 3 billion people - most of them women and children - are still breathing deadly smoke every day from using polluting stoves and fuels in their homes. If we don't take urgent action on air pollution, we will never come close to achieving sustainable development," said Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director-general of WHO. India has seen rapid development in the past two decades, but it has come at the cost of increasing pollution. Weak industrial regulation means that factories do not follow pollution-control measures. Rapid construction has also contributed to high levels of PM2.5. Last year, a public health emergency was declared in Delhi as pollution levels crossed 70 times the safe limit. Several Chinese cities were also listed in the report as highly polluted but the data for those places was four or five years old. Maria Neira, WHO's head of public health, said India should follow the example of China, which had made big improvements in air quality. "There is a big step at the government level [in China] declaring war on air pollution," Ms Neira said. "One of the reasons for that is that the health argument was very strongly presented, and the fact that the citizens were really breathing air that was totally unacceptable. "We would be very happy if we would see a similar movement now in India which is one of the countries for which we are particularly concerned." | বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা বলছে, পৃথিবীর সবথেকে বেশি দূষিত ২০টি শহরের মধ্যে ১৪টিই আছে ভারতে। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called on Ankara to "abstain from unilateral actions" in the eastern Mediterranean. She spoke early on Friday during a meeting of EU leaders in Brussels. Earlier, Turkey and Greece set up a military hotline to try to reduce the risk of clashes in the region. Tensions rose earlier this year when Turkey sent a ship into a disputed area to search for potentially rich oil and gas deposits. What has the EU said? Mrs von der Leyen told reporters that the EU wanted "a positive and constructive relationship with Turkey and this would be also be very much in Ankara's interest". "But it will only work if the provocations and pressures stop," she said. "We therefore expect that Turkey from now on abstains from unilateral actions. In case of such renewed actions by Ankara, the EU will use all its instruments and options available. We have a toolbox that we can apply immediately." After their late-night meeting, EU members agreed to review Turkey's behaviour in December and impose sanctions if "provocations" had not stopped. Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz, posting on Twitter after the meeting, said: "The EU issues a clear threat of sanctions against Turkey should it continue to violate international law." European Council President Charles Michel said the EU was offering Turkey closer relations on trade and other areas, but holding out the threat of sanctions if tensions in the Mediterranean did not de-escalate. "We very much want to give political dialogue a chance to move toward greater stability," he said. Arriving for the second day of the EU summit in Brussels, Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said the EU had sent "a message of unity, solidarity and determination" to Ankara, which made clear the consequences of its "aggressive behaviour". But a Turkish official said it was hoped talks with Greece would resume soon and that sanctions would put dialogue at risk. "If the EU applies sanctions, this will not deter us. On the contrary this would increase our resolve," the official told Reuters news agency. What's the background? The European Union and Turkey have long held a fragile relationship. Turkey has been a long-term candidate for membership of the EU, but efforts have stalled. EU leaders have criticised Turkey's record on human rights and the rule of law, in particular in the wake of the 2016 failed military coup. Despite the strains, Turkey remains an important partner for the EU. Turkey hosts millions of migrants and struck a deal with the EU that limited the numbers arriving in Greece. Greece and Turkey are both Nato members, but have a history of border disputes and competing claims over maritime rights. Tensions flared in August when Ankara sent the research ship into an area south of the Greek island of Kastellorizo which is claimed by Greece, Turkey and Cyprus. Greece called the move a "new serious escalation" and the EU has backed its members Cyprus and Greece against Turkey. Tensions eased somewhat when the research ship returned to Turkish waters last month and both sides said they were prepared to resume talks. Why the military hotline? The announcement of the hotline on Thursday followed talks between Turkey and Greece at the Nato headquarters in Brussels. "I welcome the establishment of a military de-confliction mechanism, achieved through the constructive engagement of Greece and Turkey, both valued Nato allies," said Nato Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg. "This safety mechanism can help to create the space for diplomatic efforts to address the underlying dispute and we stand ready to develop it further." Such mechanisms enable direct communication between two sides. Russia and the US set one up during the Cold War and it has been in operation ever since. Last month, France - which is also at odds with Turkey over the crisis in Libya - deployed two Rafale fighter jets and a naval frigate in the Eastern Mediterranean because of the tensions between Greece and Turkey. | গ্রিসের সাথে জ্বালানি সম্পদ এবং সমুদ্রসীমা নিয়ে ওপর একের পর এক চাপ প্রয়োগ ও উস্কানিমূলক আচরণের কারণে তুরস্কের উপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা আরোপের হুঁশিয়ারি দিয়েছে ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Hatice Cengiz, a Turkish citizen, tweeted that the "heinous murder does not have a statue of limitations". Khashoggi, a critic of the Saudi government, was killed inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey, in 2018. Saudi officials say this was a "rogue operation" not sanctioned by the state. This account has been doubted globally. Among those questioning the official Saudi line were some intelligence agencies and the United Nations. Khashoggi had been writing for the Washington Post newspaper and living in the US before his death. After offering changing accounts of his disappearance, Saudi authorities eventually admitted he was killed in a botched operation by a team tasked with getting him to return to the country. In December 2019, a court sentenced five unnamed men to death for their role in his killing after a secretive trial in Riyadh. A UN special rapporteur, Agnes Callamard, labelled the Saudi trial the "antithesis of justice" and urged an independent investigation. What has Khashoggi's fiancée said? On Friday, Hatice Cengiz wrote on Twitter that Jamal Khashoggi had become "an international symbol bigger than any of us, admired and loved." Ms Cengiz added that "Jamal was killed inside his country's consulate while getting the docs to complete our marriage. The killers came from Saudi with premeditation to lure, ambush [and] kill him." There are two, diametrically opposed versions to this story. In one, widely carried by the Saudi government-controlled media, the family of Jamal Khashoggi has forgiven his killers. This would be in line with the public stance adopted by his son, Salah, who was filmed accepting the condolences of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the man suspected by many of being personally behind the killing. But Salah still lives in Saudi Arabia, and there are suspicions he has been coerced into issuing the pardon. So the opposing view, as voiced by Khashoggi's fiancée and also by the UN special rapporteur who investigated the murder, is that this is all part of a cover-up by the Saudi authorities. They believe that the true culprits are still at large and that justice has yet to be served. None of this is likely to receive much attention in the media in Saudi Arabia, a country now hit by the twin blows of coronavirus and collapsing oil revenues. What about Khashoggi's son's comments? Earlier, a statement was posted to the Twitter account of Salah Khashoggi, one of the late journalist's sons who lives in the Saudi city of Jeddah. "In this blessed night of the blessed month [of Ramadan] we remember God's saying: If a person forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is due from Allah," it said. "Therefore we the sons of the Martyr Jamal Khashoggi announce pardoning those who killed our father, seeking reward God almighty." Death sentences can be commuted in light of a pardon by the victim's family under Islamic law, but it is not clear whether that will apply in this case. Salah has previously issued statements expressing his confidence in, and support of, the Saudi investigation. He has also previously criticised "opponents and enemies" of Saudi Arabia who he said had tried to exploit his father's death to undermine the country's leadership. Last year, the Washington Post reported that Khashoggi's children had received homes and monthly payments as compensation for the killing of their father. But Salah, Khashoggi's eldest son, was the only sibling who intended to carry on living in Saudi Arabia, the newspaper said. What happened to Jamal Khashoggi? The journalist - who had gone into self-imposed exile in the US in 2017 - went to the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 seeking documents to get married to fiancé Hatice Cengiz. Investigators believe that he was murdered and dismembered while she waited outside, but his remains have never been recovered. Saudi officials initially claimed he had left the building alive and their account of events changed several times in the weeks after his disappearance. Details of his gruesome killing shocked the world, and a subsequent UN report said there was credible evidence that the crown prince and other high-level Saudi officials were individually liable. The prince has denied any involvement in the murder, but has said he took "full responsibility as a leader in Saudi Arabia, especially since it was committed by individuals working for the Saudi government". | হত্যাকাণ্ডের শিকার সৌদি সাংবাদিক জামাল খাসোগজির সন্তানরা তার বাবার হত্যাকারীদের ক্ষমা করে দেয়ার ঘোষণা দেওয়ার পরপরই নিহতের তুর্কি বাগদত্তা ক্ষিপ্ত হয়ে বলেছেন এমন ক্ষমা প্রদর্শনের অধিকার কারো নেই। |
নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন | The group, "Bois Locker Room", is believed to comprise young schoolboys in the capital, Delhi. Screenshots of chats on the group have been shared widely on social media. The incident has caused outrage in Delhi, which is already seen as one of India's most unsafe cities for women. The 2012 rape and murder of a medical student in the city led to a global outcry and the passage of more stringent laws against rape and sexual assault. However, there has been little indication that the situation has improved since then. How did the group become public? Several Instagram users who had been made aware of its existence began posting about the group and calling out members for their behaviour. It turned out that members were sharing images of their classmates and other underage girls without their knowledge or consent along with crude comments ranging from body shaming to jokes on sexual assault and rape. The screenshots began to be widely shared on WhatsApp as well as Twitter and other social media platforms. But Shubham Singh, a cyber expert who works closely with law enforcement and was one of the first people to begin investigating the group, has cautioned that many of these screenshots look edited. He added that there appeared to be a mix of images from this group and some similar groups that exist on other social media platforms like Snapchat. He said he started looking into the group after some Instagram users got in touch with him and sent him screenshots. "I tried to investigate it properly but no-one was coming forward to file a complaint. So we tried to find out who was behind the group. They had deleted their Instagram accounts but through the screenshots and some tools, I was able to trace them," he said. Mr Singh then passed on the information to the police, which has now led to one teenager being taken into custody. What else has happened? The Delhi Women's Commission (DCW) has asked for an investigation into the group. It issued a directive to the Delhi police to file a case against the perpetrators and submit a report detailing exactly what action had been taken so far. Police say they started their investigations after being made aware of the matter, but have told local media that a school had also filed a criminal complaint over the same case. They are likely to bring more members of the group into custody soon, they added. Meanwhile the DCW has also issued a notice to Instagram, asking for the details and IP addresses of all the members of the group, and asking the social media site to detail exactly what action it has taken to deal with the situation. In a statement Instagram said that they did not allow "behaviour that promotes sexual violence or exploits anyone, especially women and young people", adding that they had taken action as soon as they were made aware of the group. Pawan Duggal, chairman of the International Commission of Cyber Security Law, says that the social media company has to be more liable. "Instagram cannot say they don't know this was happening. They have to cull out such content voluntarily. The police can go after them if they fail," he told the BBC, adding that this group was the result of India being "too soft" towards intermediaries like social media networks. What causes such behaviour? Mr Duggal says his organisation has noticed a "massive increase" in the number of children visiting pornography and other "dark web" sites during the lockdown imposed to curb the spread of coronavirus. "In the last 40 days of the lockdown, there have been massive sociological and psychological changes in society with children being indoors and not sharing their online activities with parents," he said. He added that while they don't have scientific data, the commission had observed a rise in this trend - visits to pornography sites and sexual fantasy groups - during the lockdown. However, senior psychologist Dr Roma Kumar, said such groups existed even before the lockdown, but said the unusual situation could make them more prevalent. Mr Duggal said authorities had to send a strong message, and that the law had to "come up with a very strong hand" against the members of the group to discourage such behaviour from recurring. There has been a lot of outrage and abuse directed at the members of the group already, with many people publicly calling for them to be arrested. The names and Instagram handles of the members have also been made public on social media platforms. However, Dr Kumar told the BBC that going after the members of the group in public on the internet was counterproductive and would not solve the issue in the long term. "The aim is not to damage them. The aim is to get them out of this kind of behaviour," she said, adding that these chats were typical of the kind of high-risk behaviour that children of this age indulged in. "The problem also is that with the internet, children are much more exposed to this kind of content, and they think that this is desirable behaviour. The only thing that can help is prolonged counselling so that they can see what they did was wrong," she said. "Going after them will only make them more angry and defensive, and will not solve the issue. We want these boys to reform and become better members of society." Reporting by Andrew Clarance and Ayeshea Perera | ইনস্টাগ্রাম গ্রুপ চ্যাটে অপ্রাপ্তবয়স্ক মেয়েদের ছবি শেয়ার করা ও অশালীন মন্তব্য করায় ১৫ বছর বয়সী এক কিশোরকে গ্রেফতার করেছে ভারতের পুলিশ। |
দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন | By Nina NazarovaBBC Russian Service Investigators have confirmed the girls' father abused them physically and psychologically for years. Charged with murder, the sisters and what should happen to them have become one of the hottest topics of debate in Russia and more than 300,000 people have signed a petition calling for their release. What happened to the father? On the evening of 27 July 2018 Mikhail Khachaturyan, 57, summoned Krestina, Angelina and Maria, who was a minor at the time, one by one to his room. He scolded them for not cleaning the flat properly and sprayed pepper gas in their faces. Soon afterwards, when he had fallen asleep, the girls attacked him with a knife, hammer and pepper spray, inflicting fatal wounds to his head, neck and chest. He was found to have more than 30 knife wounds. The young women then called the police and were arrested at the scene. The investigation soon uncovered an extensive history of violence in the family. Khachaturyan had regularly beaten his daughters over three years, torturing them, keeping them as prisoners and sexually abusing them. That evidence against their father is cited in their indictments. Spotlight on domestic abuse The case quickly became a cause celebre in Russia. Human rights activists argued that the sisters were not criminals but victims, as they had no means of getting help and protection from their abusive father. However, there are no laws protecting victims of domestic violence in Russia. Under legal changes introduced in 2017, a first-time offender who beats a family member, but not badly enough to put them in hospital, will face only a fine or up to two weeks in custody. Police in Russia usually treat domestic abuse as a "family issue", providing little or no help at all. The sisters' mother, who had also suffered beatings and abuse from Khachaturyan in the past, had approached the police years before. So did the family's neighbours, who were highly afraid of him. But there is no evidence that the police acted on any of these appeals for help. At the time of the murder the girls' mother was not living with them and Khachaturyan had forbidden his daughters from contacting her. According to psychiatric assessments, the girls lived in isolation and had been suffering from post-traumatic stress (PTSD). What has happened during the investigation? The Khachaturyan sisters' case has moved slowly. They are no longer in custody, but they are subject to restrictions: they cannot speak to journalists, nor to each other. Prosecutors insist the killing of Khachaturyan was premeditated murder, as he was asleep and the sisters co-ordinated their actions, snatching the knife earlier that morning. The motive was revenge, they argue. If found guilty under that charge the sisters face up to 20 years in jail. It is alleged that Angelina wielded the hammer, Maria the hunting knife and Krestina the pepper spray. However, the sisters' lawyers say the killing was in fact an act of self-defence. Indeed, the Russian criminal code allows self-defence not only in cases of immediate aggression, but also in cases of "continuous crime", such as a hostage situation where the victim is being tortured. The defence insists that the sisters were victims of "continuous crime" and should therefore be released. The sisters' lawyers are hopeful the case could be dropped, as the investigation has confirmed extensive abuse by Khachaturyan towards his daughters dating back as early as 2014. Human rights activists and many other Russians now want the law changed and measures introduced such as state-funded shelters, restraining orders and courses for managing abusers' aggressive behaviour. How widespread is domestic abuse? There is no hard data on how many women suffer from domestic violence in Russia, only estimates, but according to human rights activists it could involve as many as one in every four families. A number of other shocking cases have made headlines, including that of Margarita Gracheva, whose husband cut off her hands with an axe out of jealousy. Some experts say that up to 80% of women held in Russian prisons for murder killed a domestic abuser in self-defence. There has been something of a backlash against the Khachaturyan sisters among more conservative parts of Russian society. An association called Men's State, which cites "patriarchy" and "nationalism" as its two main values, and boasts almost 150,000 members on social media, organised a campaign called "Murderers behind Bars", insisting that the sisters should not be released. In addition to a change.org petition calling for the sisters' case to be dropped, there have been solidarity poetry readings, rallies and theatre performances. Daria Serenko, a feminist and activist from Moscow who helped organise a three-day support rally in June, says the main goal of the public events is to keep the story in the news and give everyone a chance to speak out safely. "Domestic abuse is a reality of life in Russia. We can ignore it, but it affects our lives even if we have never had to experience it personally," she says. | ২০১৮ সালের জুলাই মাসে রাশিয়ার মস্কোয় কিশোরী তিন বোন ঘুমিয়ে থাকা অবস্থায় তাদের বাবাকে ছুরিকাঘাত এবং আঘাত করে হত্যা করে। এই বোনদের বিরুদ্ধে হত্যাকাণ্ডের অভিযোগ থাকলেও তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ কী হবে, তা নিয়ে রাশিয়ায় উত্তপ্ত বিতর্ক শুরু হয়েছে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Fakhrizadeh died in hospital after an attack in Absard, in Damavand county. Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, has condemned the killing "as an act of state terror". Western intelligence agencies believe Fakhrizadeh was behind a covert Iranian nuclear weapons programme. "If Iran ever chose to weaponise (enrichment), Fakhrizadeh would be known as the father of the Iranian bomb," one Western diplomat told Reuters news agency in 2014. Iran insists its nuclear programme is exclusively for peaceful purposes. But news of the killing comes amid fresh concern about the increased amount of enriched uranium that the country is producing. Enriched uranium is a vital component for both civil nuclear power generation and military nuclear weapons. A 2015 deal with six world powers had placed limits on its production, but since President Donald Trump abandoned the deal in 2018, Iran has been deliberately reneging on its agreements. Joe Biden has pledged to reengage with Iran when he becomes US president in January, despite longstanding opposition from Israel . Between 2010 and 2012, four Iranian nuclear scientists were assassinated and Iran has accused Israel of complicity in the killings. Fakhrizadeh's name was specifically mentioned in Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu's presentation about Iran's nuclear programme in April 2018. There has been no comment from Israel on the news of the assassination. The Pentagon has also declined to comment, according to Reuters. What happened to Mohsen Fakhrizadeh? In a statement on Friday, Iran's defence ministry said: "Armed terrorists targeted a vehicle carrying Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, head of the ministry's research and innovation organisation. "After a clash between the terrorists and his bodyguards, Mr Fakhrizadeh was severely injured and rushed to hospital. "Unfortunately, the medical team's efforts to save him were unsuccessful and minutes ago he passed away." Iranian media reports said the attackers opened fire on the scientist in his car. Fars news agency earlier reported there was a car explosion in Absard town, with witnesses reporting that "three to four individuals, who are said to have been terrorists, were killed". Why was he targeted? By Paul Adams, BBC Diplomatic Correspondent As head of the ministry of defence's research and innovation organisation, Fakhrizadeh was clearly still a key player. Hence Benjamin Netanyahu's warning, two years ago, to "remember his name". Since Iran started breaching its commitments under the terms of the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, the country has moved ahead rapidly, building stockpiles of low-enriched uranium and enriching to a purity above the level permitted under the deal. Iranian officials have always said such moves are reversible, but developments in research and development are harder to eradicate. "We cannot go backwards," Iran's former ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Ali Asghar Soltanieh, said recently. If Mohsen Fakhrizadeh was the key player Israel alleges, then his death could represent someone's effort to put the brakes on Iran's forward momentum. With the US president-elect, Joe Biden, talking about taking Washington back into the deal with Iran, the assassination could also be aimed at complicating any future negotiations. What has the reaction been? "Terrorists murdered an eminent Iranian scientist today," Iran's foreign minister said in a tweet. "This cowardice - with serious indications of Israeli role - shows desperate warmongering of perpetrators." Mr Zarif called on the international community to "condemn this act of state terror". The commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) has said that Iran will avenge the killing of the scientist. "Assassination of nuclear scientists is the most obvious violation of the global hegemony to prevent our access to modern sciences," said Maj Gen Hossein Salami. Former head of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), John Brennan, said the killing of the scientist was a "criminal" and "highly reckless" act that risks inflaming conflict in the region. In a series of tweets, he said the scientist's death "risks lethal retaliation and a new round of regional conflict". Mr Brennan added that he did not know "whether a foreign government authorised or carried out the murder of Fakhrizadeh". Who was Mohsen Fakhrizadeh? Fakhrizadeh was the most renowned Iranian nuclear scientist and a senior officer of the elite Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. He has long been spoken about by Western security sources as extremely powerful and instrumental in Iran's nuclear programme. According to secret documents obtained by Israel in 2018, he led a programme to create nuclear weapons. At the time, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he identified Fakhrizedeh as the head scientist in the programme, and urged people to "remember that name". In 2015, the New York Times compared him to J. Robert Oppenheimer, the physicist who directed the Manhattan Project that during World War Two produced the first atomic weapons. A professor of physics, Fakhrizadeh is said to have led Project Amad, the alleged covert programme that was established in 1989 to research the potential for building a nuclear bomb. It was shut down in 2003, according to the IAEA, though Mr Netanyahu said the documents retrieved in 2018 showed Fakhrizadeh led a programme which secretly continued Project Amad's work. The IAEA has long wanted to speak to him as part of its investigations into Iran's nuclear programme. Suspicions that Iran was using the programme as a cover to develop a nuclear bomb prompted the EU, US and UN to impose crippling sanctions in 2010. The 2015 deal that Iran reached with the US, UK, France, China, Russia and Germany saw it limit its nuclear activities in return for sanctions relief. Since President Donald Trump abandoned the deal, it has floundered. Earlier this month, the IAEA said Iran had more than 12 times the amount of enriched uranium than permitted under the deal. Meanwhile, tensions between the US and Iran have escalated, peaking in January with America's assassination of Gen Qasem Soleimani, commander of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards' Quds force. | ইরানের সবচেয়ে প্রবীণ পরমাণু বিজ্ঞানী মোহসিন ফখরিযাদে রাজধানী তেহরানের কাছে আততায়ীর আক্রমণে মারা গেছেন। দেশটির প্রতিরক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয়ের সূত্র খবরটি নিশ্চিত করেছে। দামাভান্দ এলাকায় হামলার পর মি. ফখরিযাদে হাসপাতালে মারা গেছেন। |
এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর। | The government previously forced minorities to cremate their dead in line with the practice of the majority Buddhists. It claimed burials would contaminate ground water. But the government backed down last week in the face of vehement criticism from rights groups. Islam prohibits cremation. Iranathivu island in the Gulf of Mannar is the designated site for burials. It lies some 300km (186 miles) away from the capital, Colombo, and was chosen, the government says, because it is thinly populated. Muslims were angered by the ban, introduced last April, and said there was no scientific basis to it. Muslims make up nearly 10% of the population. Human rights groups, including Amnesty International, and the United Nations had also raised objections. Government spokesman Keheliya Rambukwella said a plot of land had been set aside on the island, according to the Colombo Gazette. The World Health Organization has provided extensive guidance on how the bodies of those who have died from Covid should be handled safely, but points out there is no scientific evidence to suggest cremation should be used to prevent infection. "There is a common assumption that people who died of a communicable disease should be cremated to prevent spread of that disease; however, there is a lack of evidence to support this. Cremation is a matter of cultural choice and available resources." The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has said the policy on cremations failed to respect the religious feelings of the victims and their family members, especially Muslims, Catholics and some Buddhists. The forcible cremation of a 20-day-old Muslim baby intensified criticism of the policy. But some Muslim and Christian leaders have reacted negatively to the government's latest move. "This is a ridiculous and insensitive decision," Hilmy Ahamed, vice-president of the Muslim Council of Sri Lanka, told the BBC. "This is an absolute racist agenda. The saddest part is it's almost pitting Muslims against the Tamils living in those areas." Fr Madutheen Pathinather, a priest living on the island, told the BBC the community was "deeply pained" by the decision. "We strongly oppose the move. This will cause harm to the local community." He said the island's population of around 250 Tamils, who were displaced due to the civil war in the early 90s, only returned in 2018. Adding to insult By Anbarasan Ethirajan, BBC World Service South Asia regional editor Sri Lanka's Muslim and Christian communities have been seething with anger. They felt relieved when the government last week announced an end to the mandatory cremation and allowed burials. But the latest announcement is seen as nothing but adding to the insult. They say they have to travel far away from their homes to bury their dead and it will be difficult to pay homage to their buried relatives during festivals and anniversaries. More than 450 people have died with Covid in Sri Lanka so far and around 300 are from the minority communities. The government's hurried announcement seems to coincide with the ongoing UN Human Rights Council meeting in Geneva where it has faced strong criticism from the UN human rights chief, Michelle Bachelet, over the issue. The decision to lift the burial ban followed a visit by Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan. Sources told the BBC that Sri Lanka sought Pakistan's support at a United National Human Rights Council session, which is expected to consider a new resolution on mounting rights concerns in Sri Lanka, including over the treatment of Muslims. Sri Lanka is being called to hold human rights abusers to account and to deliver justice to victims of its 26-year-old civil war. The 1983-2009 conflict killed at least 100,000 people, mostly civilians from the minority Tamil community. Sri Lanka has strongly denied the allegations and has asked member countries not to support the resolution. You might be interested in: | শ্রীলংকা সরকারের সিদ্ধান্ত অনুযায়ী সংখ্যালঘু মুসলিম ও খ্রিস্টানদের কেউ করোনায় আক্রান্ত হয়ে মারা গেলে তাদের কবর দেয়া হবে বিচ্ছিন্ন এক দ্বীপে। |
প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি? | Recep Tayyip Erdogan was speaking after announcing Turkey could no longer enforce a 2016 deal with the EU to prevent migrants entering Europe. Mr Erdogan said Turkey could not cope with a new wave of refugees after an escalation of the Syrian conflict. A young boy died when a boat capsized off the Greek island of Lesbos on Monday, Greek police said. It was the first reported fatality since Turkey opened its border last week. Meanwhile, a Turkish official accused the Greek authorities of killing a Syrian man who was trying to breach the border on Monday. Athens denied the allegation. An unverified video showed a man on the ground with blood on his neck. Nearly a million Syrians have fled to the Syrian-Turkish border since December, amid heavy fighting in the Idlib region between Turkish-backed rebels and Syrian government forces. Turkey is already hosting 3.7 million Syrian refugees, as well as migrants from other countries such as Afghanistan - but previously stopped them from leaving for Europe. In a televised speech, Mr Erdogan said the EU had provided no help for resettling Syrian refugees in "safe zones" inside Syria. After Turkey opened its doors for migrants to leave its territory for Europe last week, he said, "hundreds of thousands have crossed, soon it will reach millions". The Turkish leader gave no evidence for his figures, while Greece said about 1,000 migrants had reached its eastern Aegean islands from Turkey since Sunday morning. In addition, Greece said it had stopped almost 10,000 migrants from crossing its land border in 24 hours. Some migrants tossed stones and metal bars when stopped, and Greek border guards fired tear gas. What is the 2016 EU-Turkey deal? Besides Syrians, there are Afghans and West Africans among the migrants at the border. Europe's top human rights watchdog, the Council of Europe, condemned Greece and Turkey's actions, calling the situation an "unprecedented humanitarian crisis". "Everything must be done to de-escalate violence in the border region, including by ensuring that law enforcement authorities refrain from using excessive force," it said. EU Council President Charles Michel and EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen will go to the border with Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis on Tuesday. "Either we bring these people to a dignified life in their own land, or everyone will get their share of this burden. Now the unilateral sacrifice period is over," Mr Erdogan said. In a statement on Monday, the Greek government said, "Turkey, instead of curbing the traffickers' channels of migrants and refugees, has itself turned into a trafficker." Greece has blocked any new asylum applications for the next month, because of what it calls the "coordinated and massive nature" of illegal migration from Turkey. "This relocation of people has nothing to do with international law regarding the right of asylum, which concerns only individual cases," the statement said. The United Nations Human Rights Council said that Greece had no legal justification for suspending asylum procedures. Frontex says it is examining how best to help Greece with a rapid deployment of EU border guards. Frontex already has nearly 400 personnel in and around the Greek islands, 60 officers in Bulgaria and a smaller contingent in the Evros region, at the Greek-Turkish border. | তুরস্কের প্রেসিডেন্ট রেচেপ তাইয়িপ এরদোয়ান হুঁশিয়ারি দিয়েছেন যে শীঘ্রই লাখ লাখ শরণার্থী ইউরোপের দিকে যাত্রা শুরু করবে। |
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