text
stringlengths 863
79.4k
| meta
stringlengths 105
257
| source
stringclasses 1
value | language
stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|
Sajjangad (Marathi: सज्जनगड), meaning "Fort of Good People", is located near the city of Satara, India. It is the final resting place of Sant Ramdas in 18th century India (born 1608). His teachings and works written in books such as Dasbodh are read and followed by many people even today in the state of Maharashtra and Sajjangad is a popular place of pilgrimage.
History
The fort was built by Bahamani rulers in between (1347-1527). Later (1527-1686) it came in possession of the Adilshahi dynasty. This fort was captured by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj on 2 April 1673 from Adilshah. Previously known as Parali, it was renamed Sajjangad. it came into possession of the Mughals in 1700, and was renamed . as Navrous tara.The fort was recaptured within years by the Marathas. It remained in Maratha hands until the demise of the Maratha empire by the British in 1818.
Present day
The maintenance of the fort and the Samadhi (final resting place) of Sadguru Shri Samarth Ramdas Swami is taken care by 'Shri Ramdas Swami Sansthan'. Trust als
which has existed since the time of 400 years and also "shri samarth seva mandal sajjangad". The daily routine of the trustees on the fort includes morning prayers, Abhishek and Puja, Maha Naivedya, Bhajans and reading of the Shrimat Dasbodh written by Sant Ramdas. The fort is open for devotees from 5.00am to 9.00pm.(all days). Entry and exit beyond these hours is restricted. In the afternoon and at night, devotees are served free of cost food (Prasad) by shri samarth seva mandal sajjangad and sansthan.
Also provides free of cost accommodation for devotees who wish to stay overnight on the fort. Every year during Shiv Jayanti thousands of devotees visit the shrine by walking up to it.
Transportation
It is possible to reach the top of the fort by vehicle. From there one has to climb around two hundred and thirty steps to reach the gate of the fort. It is exactly 18 km from Satara city. You can hire an autorickshaw or bus from a famous area of Satara Rajwada. It is 273 km from Mumbai via NH48 (earlier NH4) highway.
See also
Samarth Ramdas
Shivaji
List of forts in Maharashtra
Dasbodh
Ramdas Swami Sahitya Shodh
References
Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire
Forts in Satara district
Satara (city) | {'title': 'Sajjangad', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajjangad', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Windsor-5 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Windsor-5 District includes all of the Windsor County towns of Reading, and Woodstock.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Windsor-5 District had a population of 3,939 in that same census, 2.96% below the state average.
District Representative
Alison H. Clarkson, Democrat
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Reading, Vermont
Woodstock, Vermont | {'title': 'Windsor-5 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor-5%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Plumtree is a village and civil parish in the borough of Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 221, increasing to 246 at the 2011 census.
It is situated 5 miles south east of Nottingham, between the villages of Tollerton and Keyworth.
Some of the farming land around the village is owned by the Duchy of Cornwall (Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales).
The parish church of St Mary has a Norman tower on Saxon foundations, which were found when the tower was rebuilt in 1906. The nave is of 13th-century date. The north aisle was rebuilt and extended with stone from Nottingham's medieval Trent Bridge in 1873. Edward Hagarty Parry (1855–1931), an association footballer who captained Old Carthusians F.C. when they won the 1881 FA Cup Final against Old Etonians, is buried in the churchyard.
Plumtree Mill was a two-storey wooden post mill mounted on an open trestle raised on piers atop a mound. Derelict by 1907, it was burnt down c. 1930. The mound is still extant.
Plumtree also has one of the leading cricket clubs in Nottinghamshire, being members of both the Nottinghamshire Premier League and 2012 Champions of the Newark Alliance. The club has invested over £180,000 in its facilities over the winter of 2012–13 with substantial grants from the England & Wales Cricket Board and local authorities.
History
The manor of Plumtree was held in medieval times by the Hastings family, who secured Plumtree as part of their offices as Chief Steward to the Crown. The family continued to hold Plumtree for several centuries. In 1637, Edmund Hastings Esq., a descendant, had extensive property dealings with John Levett, a York barrister, who had married Hastings's wife's Copley family niece.
References
External links
Villages in Nottinghamshire
Rushcliffe | {'title': 'Plumtree, Nottinghamshire', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumtree%2C%20Nottinghamshire', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Stamnodes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1858.
Species
Stamnodes affiliata Pearsall, 1911
Stamnodes albiapicata Grossbeck, 1910
Stamnodes animata (Pearsall, 1906)
Stamnodes annellata (Hulst, 1887)
Stamnodes apollo Cassino, 1920
Stamnodes artemis Rindge, 1958
Stamnodes blackmorei Swett, 1915
Stamnodes cassinoi Swett, 1917
Stamnodes coenonymphata (Hulst, 1900)
Stamnodes danilovi (Erschov, 1877)
Stamnodes deceptiva Barnes & McDunnough, 1918
Stamnodes delicata (Grossbeck, 1908)
Stamnodes depeculata Lederer, 1870
Stamnodes eldridgensis Swett, 1917
Stamnodes fervefactaria (Grote, 1881)
Stamnodes formosata (Strecker, 1878)
Stamnodes franckata (Pearsall, 1909)
Stamnodes gibbicostata (Walker, 1862)
Stamnodes lampra Rindge, 1958
Stamnodes marinata W. S. Wright, 1920
Stamnodes marmorata Packard, 1871
Stamnodes mendocinoensis Dyar, 1923
Stamnodes modocata W. S. Wright, 1920
Stamnodes pauperaria (Eversmann, 1848)
Stamnodes reckseckeri Pearsall, 1910
Stamnodes seiferti (Neumoegen, 1882)
Stamnodes splendorata Pearsall, 1909
Stamnodes tessellata (Packard, 1874)
Stamnodes topazata (Strecker, 1899)
Stamnodes triangularia (Bartlett-Calvert, 1891)
Stamnodes ululata Pearsall, 1912
Stamnodes uniformata (Berg, 1877)
Stamnodes unilinea (Walker, 1867)
Stamnodes watsoni (Cassino, 1920)
References
Stamnodini | {'title': 'Stamnodes', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamnodes', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Olive Kitteridge is an American television miniseries based on Elizabeth Strout's 2008 novel Olive Kitteridge. Set in Maine, the HBO miniseries features Frances McDormand as the title character, Richard Jenkins as Olive's loving husband Henry Kitteridge, Zoe Kazan as Denise Thibodeau, and Bill Murray as Jack Kennison. The show is divided into four parts, each depicting a certain point of time in the novel.
The miniseries debuted in the United States on November 2, 2014, on the American premium TV network HBO, which aired the show's first two episodes back-to-back that evening; the third and fourth episodes aired back-to-back the following evening. It was shown in a similar format in the United Kingdom on Sky Atlantic, on December 14 and December 15, 2014. It premiered in Australia on showcase from 13 January 2015. At the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards, the miniseries won eight awards including Outstanding Limited Series.
Premise
Olive Kitteridge is a misanthropic and strict, but well-meaning, retired schoolteacher who lives in the fictional seaside town of Crosby, Maine. She is married to Henry Kitteridge, a kind, considerate man who runs a pharmacy downtown, and has a troubled son named Christopher, who grows up to be a podiatrist. For 25 years, Olive has experienced problems of depression, bereavement, jealousy, and friction with family members and friends.
Cast
Frances McDormand as Olive Kitteridge
Richard Jenkins as Henry Kitteridge
Zoe Kazan as Denise Thibodeau
Rosemarie DeWitt as Rachel Coulson
Martha Wainwright as Angela O'Meara
Ann Dowd as Bonnie Newton
Jesse Plemons as Jerry McCarthy
Bill Murray as Jack Kennison
John Gallagher Jr. as Christopher Kitteridge (adult)
Devin Druid as Christopher Kitteridge (age 13)
John Mullen as Kevin Coulson (age 13)
Cory Michael Smith as Kevin Coulson (adult)
Peter Mullan as Jim O'Casey
Rachel Brosnahan as Patty Howe
Brady Corbet as Henry Thibodeau
Maryann Urbano as Linda Kennison
Libby Winters as Suzanne
Patricia Kalember as Joyce
Audrey Marie Anderson as Ann
Donna Mitchell as Louise Larkin
Frank L. Ridley as Mr. Thibodeau
Episodes
Reception
Critical response
Olive Kitteridge received widespread critical acclaim for its writing, directing, cinematography, and Frances McDormand's central performance as well as those of Jenkins, Murray and Gallagher. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the show has an approval rating of 95% based on 63 reviews, with an average rating of 8.68/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Olive Kitteridges narrative slow burn enhances fascinating performances – and a story worthy of its source material." On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 89 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".
Accolades
Home media
Olive Kitteridge was released by HBO on DVD and Blu-ray on February 10, 2015.
References
External links
2010s American drama television miniseries
2014 American television series debuts
HBO original programming
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries winners
Primetime Emmy Award-winning television series
Television shows based on American novels
Television shows set in Maine
Television series by Playtone
Films with screenplays by Jane Anderson | {'title': 'Olive Kitteridge (miniseries)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Kitteridge%20%28miniseries%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Sandpiper pipeline was a proposed underground oil pipeline project in the United States. It would have carried light crude oil from the Bakken oil fields in Northwest North Dakota, through Minnesota, to end in Superior, Wisconsin. Enbridge Energy Partners, and Williston Basin Pipe Line LLC, an indirect subsidiary of Marathon Petroleum Corporation had planned the project since 2013. In 2015 Enbridge estimated the pipeline will cost about $2.6 billion.
In 2016, Enbridge announced the cancellation of the pipeline, their withdrawal of their state application and their request to end an environmental impact statement and regulatory proceedings.
History
The Sandpiper pipeline project was made public by the media in 2013, and informational hearings for landowners took place in three North Dakota towns in March 2014. The North Dakota Public Service Commission approved the pipeline in June 2014. The Minnesota Public Utilities Commission unanimously approved the Sandpiper pipeline, but its decision was overturned in September 2015.
In September 2016, Enbridge Energy Partners announced that due to "extensive and unprecedented [regulatory] delays [which] have plagued the Sandpiper pipeline," they were withdrawing their state application and asking for an end to regulatory proceedings, including work on an environmental-impact statement. An Enbridge spokesperson said that the pipeline may be reconsidered once the oil market rebounds but it was then "outside the company’s current five-year planning horizon".
Purpose
In 2015, Enbridge stated that "The Sandpiper Pipeline serves the oil conducting needs of North Dakota residents, which constitutes a public benefit". Per Enbridge, the Sandpiper pipeline would have represented a "public use" as a "statutorily defined public utility". According to Enbridge, its route was chosen with the "greatest public benefit and the least private injury" and that "as long as the public benefit can be demonstrated, it is immaterial that private interests are also served."
Per Enbridge, the pipeline was necessary "to meet demand for Bakken oil".
The corporation projects economic benefits of $69 million in property tax revenue for the 3 states, and 3000 construction jobs for workers in Minnesota and North Dakota.
Description
The pipeline would have entered Minnesota just south of Grand Forks, North Dakota, east to Clearbrook Enbridge's terminal and then south toward Park Rapids along an existing crude oil corridor. Afterwards, the pipeline would have run along a transmission line corridor to Superior, Wisconsin.
The route of the pipeline would have travelled through 28 rivers, including the Mississippi River headwaters, and lakes and wetlands that couldn't be reached by nearby roads when a spill occurs.
North Dakota portion
Informational hearings for landowners took place in three North Dakota towns during March 2014. The North Dakota Public Service Commission approved the pipeline on 25 June 2014.
Enbridge sued a Grand Forks couple in 2014 after they refused to give the Canadian corporation an easement and right-of-way on their property. The couple quoted NDPL's abuse of eminent domain, continued reliance on fossil fuels, their effect on the environment, and the possibility for spills as arguments. In August 2015 the couple agreed to an easement and forfeited compensation, in order to file an appeal to the North Dakota Supreme Court.
Minnesota portion
In November 2013, Enbridge applied at the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission (MPUC). The MPUC unanimously approved the project, allowing an environmental review to be conducted at a later date. In September 2015, the Minnesota Court of Appeals overruled the PUC decision as a violation of state law.
In a November 2014 Star Tribune commentary a Polk County commissioner, a Clearwater County commissioner and a Red Lake County commissioner opined, that the Sandpiper pipeline was the "best choice for the state...better than trucks or rail and also offer[ing] economic benefits."
In February 2015, the White Earth Indian Reservation, represented by Winona LaDuke stated that the pipeline would cross a portion of its land, which Enbridge disputes. La Duke has been against the pipeline because it would violate Indian sovereignty and for environmental reasons.
The President of North America's Building Trades Unions came out in a December 2015 commentary criticizing the Minnesota Court of Appeals decision, accused the court was "robbing hard-working Minnesotans of jobs" which would provide workers with a path to middle class.
See also
List of oil pipelines in North America
List of oil refineries
List of oil spills
References
Crude oil pipelines in the United States
Proposed pipelines in the United States
Cancelled energy infrastructure
Enbridge pipelines
Oil pipelines in North Dakota
Oil pipelines in Minnesota
Oil pipelines in Wisconsin | {'title': 'Sandpiper pipeline', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandpiper%20pipeline', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Hull Town F.C. was an English association football club from Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire.
History
In 1879, at the Crown & Cushion Hotel in Hull, members of the Hull Cricket Club agreed to form an association football section to keep the players fit during the winter season. The rules of the new club included a provision that the club would play in amber and black.
Hitherto, Kingston upon Hull had been a rugby town; Hull FC had played a handful of association matches in the 1860s, but otherwise all football in the town was to the oval ball code. Hull Town was the first dedicated association football club in Hull.
Within a couple of years the town had other clubs, and the Scarborough & East Riding Cup final in 1882-83 was played between two of them, Hull losing to Blue Star. In 1883-84 Hull Town merged with Blue Star and the Dairycoates club, and moved ground from the cricket ground on Argyle Street to the Dairycoates ground in Hessle Street. With the extra choice of players, entered the FA Cup for the first time. The club lost 3–1 to Grimsby Town in the first round, and, in 1884-85, lost again in the first round, at home to Lincoln City, by a score variously reported as being 5-1 or 5–2, having been ahead at half-time.
After a series of dispiriting defeats, the club disbanded in 1887. It was reformed a year later but dissolved again at the end of the season.
The name Hull Town was revived in 1896 for a club founded by the rugby side Hull Kingston Rovers, who merged with the Albany club for the purposes of fielding an association football side. The new club reached the final of both the Scarborough & East Riding and Hull Times cups in 1897, but disappeared in 1898 with other clubs taking on the association mantle.
References
Defunct football clubs in England
Football clubs in Yorkshire | {'title': 'Hull Town F.C.', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull%20Town%20F.C.', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Fort Ruby, also known as Camp Ruby, was built in 1862 by the United States Army, during the American Civil War, in the "wilderness of eastern Nevada." It protected the overland mail coaches and Pony Express, in order to maintain links and communication between residents of California and the Union. It was operated 1862 to 1869, in territory dominated by bands of the Western Shoshone. The fort was located at the east entrance to the Overland Pass from Ruby Valley, near Hobson on the west side of Ruby Lake.
To secure access and safe passage through this area, as well as to provide for construction of railroads and other needs, the US signed the Treaty of Ruby Valley with twelve chiefs of the Western Shoshone, who did not cede any territory. The US also gained permission to conduct gold mining in this territory, as it needed gold in order to wage war against the Confederacy. It promised payments of annuities of $5000 annually for 20 years to the Western Shoshone, in the form of goods and livestock, but failed to make any payments after the first year.
The site, which at the time contained several surviving log buildings, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.
Two of the four landmarked buildings on the site burned in a fire in 1992. Since the "log structures were in poor condition when this site was designated as a Landmark, and they have been altered and deteriorated significantly since designation," continued landmark status is under review by the Department of Interior.
The site was transferred from private ownership to federal control in 2002. Since then a joint archaeological venture to explore Fort Ruby's frontier legacy has been conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Forest Service.
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Nevada
National Register of Historic Places listings in White Pine County, Nevada
References
External links
Fort Ruby U.S.Forest Service
Fort Ruby 1862-1869 Great Basin National Heritage Area
Ruby
Buildings and structures in White Pine County, Nevada
Great Basin National Heritage Area
History of White Pine County, Nevada
Pony Express stations
Snake War
1862 establishments in Utah Territory
Government buildings completed in 1862
Ruby
National Historic Landmarks in Nevada
National Register of Historic Places in White Pine County, Nevada
Formerly Used Defense Sites in Nevada | {'title': 'Fort Ruby', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Ruby', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Spock was a U.S. search website specialized in finding people; also known as a vertical search engine or entity search engine. The name "Spock" is a backronym: "single point of contact (by) keyword." Founded in 2006 by Jay Bhatti and Jaideep Singh, it "indexed over 250 million people representing over 1.5 billion data records." These records were from publicly available sources, including Wikipedia, IMDb, ESPN, LinkedIn, Hi5, MySpace, Friendster, Facebook, YouTube, Flickr, Twitter, corporate biographies, university faculty and staff pages, real estate agents sites, school alumni and member directory pages, etc. The company maintained that "30% of all Internet searches are people-related".
As entity resolution is the main algorithmic hurdle of their indexing endeavour, Spock issued and awarded the Spock Challenge Prize. The winning entry combines various machine learning algorithms.
Spock opened its service to public beta on August 8, 2007.
On April 30, 2009, Spock was acquired by Intelius.
References
External links
Spock - People Search
Spock - the People Search Engine Co-founder, Jay Bhatti, interviewed by Stan Relihan on The Connections Show (audio podcast)
Why I'm so excited about Spock by Tim O'Reilly
Internet search engines
Internet properties established in 2006 | {'title': 'Spock (website)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spock%20%28website%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
This is a list of individuals serving in the United States House of Representatives (as of January 3, 2023, the 118th Congress). The membership of the House comprises 435 seats for representatives from the 50 states, apportioned by population, as well as 6 seats for non-voting delegates from U. S. territories and the District of Columbia.
Leadership
Presiding officer
Majority leadership (Republican)
Minority leadership (Democratic)
Regional membership
:
Vacancies
Partisan mix of the House by state
:
Voting members by state
:
Delegates
:
See also
Seniority in the United States House of Representatives
List of current United States senators
List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service
List of United States House of Representatives committees
List of United States congressional joint committees
List of United States congressional districts
Shadow congressperson
References
United States Congress
Lists of members of the United States House of Representatives
House of Representatives
United States | {'title': 'List of current members of the United States House of Representatives', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20current%20members%20of%20the%20United%20States%20House%20of%20Representatives', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The International Open University (IOU) is a private distance education university headquartered in Kanifing, The Gambia. It was founded as the Islamic Online University by Bilal Philips in 2007 and offers undergraduate and graduate degrees.
History
The university was Ilinitially established in 2001, but temporarily ceased operations. In April 2007, it reopened under the name Islamic Online University with a greater offering of completely free short courses. On January 13, 2020, it was announced that the institution's name has been changed to the International Open University.
Ernest Bai Koroma, the chancellor of the University of Sierra Leone (USL) welcomed the idea of establishing the IOU type Islamic institution. In 2014, the Niger State Government paid the International Open University's Bachelor of Arts school fees for 35 students that registered from the state.
As of 2018, the International Open University is amongst the most ethnically diverse universities in the world.
In 2018, the International Open University's programs were ranked among the six best online Middle Eastern Studies programs by Successful Student, although by June 2020 they had been removed from this list.
In 2021, the online Kenyan newspaper Tuko ranked the International Open University among the top accredited distance learning universities in Africa, along with the University of Johannesburg, the University of Zambia, the University of South Africa , the University of Nairobi and the University of Pretoria, in addition to few other universities.
In November 2022, the IOU Chancellor Dr. Bilal Philips paid a courtesy visit to Adama Barrow, the President of the Gambia, and offered scholarships worth USD 4,000,000 for education of underprivileged Gambians at the International Open University.
Affiliations
The International Open University is a full member of Association of African Universities, approved member of International Council for Open and Distance Education, African Quality Assurance Network (AfriQAN), Association of Quality Assurance Agencies of the Islamic World (IQA), associate member of International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE), Asian Association of Open Universities, as well as a member of International Council of Islamic Finance Educators (ICIFE) and a member of the Talloires Network.
Research
The International Open University launched a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal, Journal of Integrated Sciences, in 2019.
Professor Dr. G. Hussein Rassool, the dean for the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, head of the Department of Psychology, Director of Research and Publications and Professor of Islamic Psychology at the International Open University is editor-in-chief of the journal.
Community service
The International Open University has set a mandatory community service for the students as a part of graduation requirements. In order to graduate, in addition to academic requirements, students are mandated to complete 216 hours of community service.
References
External links
International Open University
Global Qur'an Memorization Center
Islamic universities and colleges
Educational institutions established in 2001
Online colleges
Distance education institutions based in the Gambia
2001 establishments in the Gambia | {'title': 'International Open University', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Open%20University', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Sergiu Suciu (born 8 May 1990) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Italian club Trento.
Club career
Sergiu moved to Italy with his parents at the age of 13 and soon became affiliated with Torino under club president Franco Cimminelli in 2003. However, due to lack of Italian residency he was unable to play in any official matches for some time. After several years with the youth team, he stood out as one of the best players at the prestigious Torneo di Viareggio in 2009, scoring a brace against Bologna.
After making the bench several times for the senior side, he made his Serie A debut for Torino on 31 May 2009 in a game against A.S. Roma when he came on as a last-minute substitute for Tommaso Vailatti. Torino were relegated at the end of the season and Sergiu was loaned to third division team Legnano, headed by former Torino youth coach Beppe Scienza. He was recalled by Torino on 1 February 2011 to play in the Torneo di Viareggio, but his season was abruptly ended after rupturing the ACL in his left knee.
On 3 January 2011, he signed a new —year contract, but was loaned again to Gubbio in Prima Divisione. After attaining his Italian passport in the Summer of 2011, he became part of the Torino first team under Giampiero Ventura. He made his debut in Serie B on 24 September 2011 as a substitute during Torino-Nocerina. On 30 September 2011, he scored his first goal of the season in a 1–2 victory away to Sampdoria, but also injuring himself for 45 days.
On 26 May 2012 he was injured once again during Albinoleffe-Torino, tearing a ligament after a clash with an opponent.
On 31 January 2013 he was loaned to Juve Stabia in Serie B. He debuted as a starter on 2 February in the away fixture against Vicenza, remaining on the pitch for the full 90 minutes and showed a great performance for the decisive victory of 2–1 for The Wasps. He scored his first goal on 19 May in an away game to Crotone (the momentary 1–3). He returned to Turin at the end of the season but on 8 July, he was again loaned to the club from Campania. The following year he was loaned to Crotone.
On 5 August 2015 he moved to Lecce in Lega Pro with an obligation to purchase his contract in case of promotion to Serie B.
In the summer of 2016 he moved to Pordenone.
On 15 February 2021 he returned to Juve Stabia, now in Serie C.
On 10 August 2022, Suciu signed with Serie C club Torres. On 4 January 2023, he moved to Trento on a 1.5-year contract.
Honours
AS Gubbio
Lega Pro Prima Divisione: 2010–11
References
External links
Profile at aic.football.it
1990 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Satu Mare
Romanian emigrants to Italy
Romanian footballers
Association football midfielders
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Torino F.C. players
A.C. Legnano players
A.S. Gubbio 1910 players
S.S. Juve Stabia players
F.C. Crotone players
U.S. Lecce players
U.S. Cremonese players
Pordenone Calcio players
Venezia F.C. players
U.S. Pistoiese 1921 players
Liga I players
AFC Chindia Târgoviște players
S.E.F. Torres 1903 players
A.C. Trento 1921 players
Romanian expatriate footballers
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Romania youth international footballers
Romania under-21 international footballers | {'title': 'Sergiu Suciu', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergiu%20Suciu', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The UNSW Touch Club is a university based touch football Club that competes in a number of competitions, both at varsity and non-varsity representative level. At varsity level, the UNSW Touch Club represents the University of New South Wales at the Eastern University Games and Australian University Games. The Club also competes in the NSW Touch Vawdon Cup and NSW State Cup each year. The UNSW Touch Club is based at the David Phillips Memorial Fields, Daceyville NSW.
History
The UNSW Touch Club was founded in 1995.
Social Competition
The main attraction of the UNSW Touch Club is its successful Monday Night Social Competition. The competition is run bi-annually in line with the UNSW teaching period(s). The competition first started with a small six team competition, but in recent years has hit capacity at 50 teams playing in five divisions.
The competition is played between the hours of 6.00pm and 9.00pm at David Phillips Memorial Playing Fields, Daceyville (corner of Gwea Ave and Banks Ave).
University Games
At inter-varsity level, UNSW Touch compete at the Eastern University Games, a regional tournament held during Semester One for NSW & ACT universities, and at the Australian University Games, held during semester two.
Since first entering the Australian University Games in 1995, the club has won eight Australian University Games gold medals and six Eastern University Games gold. The most recent of these wins was in 2010 when the Men's and Women's sides both won their respective division one titles.
Results
Notable Achievements
In 2002, the UNSW Men's Touch side was named AUS-East University Team of the Year.
In 2006, the club's women's team won the silver medal at EUG played in Coffs Harbour, and in the name of consistency, again won silver at AUG's played in Adelaide. Up until this time, this was the farthest a UNSW women's team had progressed.
In 2007, the club won its first ever women's EUG title. Again the team proved consistent and won gold again at AUG's with a hard-fought win over Griffith University. At the same tournament the men's side took 4th place.
In 2008, both the Men's and Women's sides won gold at the Australian University Games, held in Melbourne. Both teams played Griffith University in the Grand Final.
In 2009 the UNSW Women's team was nominated for a prestigious UNSW Blues Award and was successful in winning, being announced Team of the Year.
External links
UNSW Touch Website
Touch
Touch teams
University and college sports clubs in Australia | {'title': 'UNSW Touch', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNSW%20Touch', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
A beep is a short, single tone, typically high-pitched, generally made by a computer or other machine. The term has its origin in onomatopoeia. The word "beep-beep" is recorded for the noise of a car horn in 1929, and the modern usage of "beep" for a high-pitched tone is attributed to Arthur C. Clarke in 1951.
Use in computers
In some computer terminals, the ASCII character code 7, bell character, outputs an audible beep. The beep is also sometimes used to notify the user when the BIOS is not working or there is some other error during the start up process, often during the power-on self-test (POST). A beep is also made when holding down too many keys at the same time, as the computer often cannot handle the processes.
The command-line interfaces of the ReactOS, PTS-DOS, SISNE plus, and AROS operating systems include a beep command.
A beep command is also part of ASCII's MSX-DOS2 Tools for MSX-DOS version 2.
Use in transport
Beeps are also used as a warning when a truck, lorry or bus is reversing. It can also be used to define the sound produced by a car horn. Colloquially, beep is also used to refer to the action of honking the car horn at someone, (e.g., "Why did that guy beep at me?"), and is more likely to be used with vehicles with higher-pitched horns. "Honk" is used if the sound is lower pitched (e.g. Volkswagen Beetles beep, but Oldsmobiles honk. On trains, beeps may be used for communications between members of staff.
Use in telecommunication
Call waiting
A beep is also a colloquialism for a zip tone to indicate a telephone call coming in on the same phone line as someone is currently speaking, either on a landline or mobile phone. The call waiting feature often outputs an audible "beep" noise to indicate that there is a second call coming in.
Paging
The electronic pager is often referred to as a "beeper" for the sound it emits to alert its owner to an incoming message.
Call back request
As a noun, the practice of "beeping" in sub-Saharan Africa refers to the cell phone phenomenon during which a person dials a number but immediately cancels the call before it is answered in order to elicit a call back from the recipient. One reason for this practice is to elicit a recipient to call back when the caller has almost run out of prepaid units for his/her cell phone but still wants or needs to talk to the recipient. In Rwanda, this practice has evolved into an art for courting between men and women, where women "beep" males in order to elicit a call back, which manifests the man's interest and willingness to pay for the woman's call. At times, this practice can be an inconvenience for the recipient, and at times, people ignore the "beeps." "Beeping" is also known as "flashing" in sub Saharan Africa, and is known as "menacing" or "fishing" in Indonesia.
Censorship
The use of profanity and offensive language on free-to-air broadcasts in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Japan is sometimes censored by replacing the profane word or phrase with an audible beep(s), often accompanied by obscuring the speaker's mouth to prevent lip-reading. If there is a closed captioning, the word is commonly replaced by asterisks, used as a mixture of letters and asterisks, or "[bleep]" is used.
See also
Beep, beep (sound)
Buzzer
References
External links
.
Onomatopoeia | {'title': 'Beep (sound)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beep%20%28sound%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
New Zealand competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands with a team of four athletes, four swimmers and two boxers. Seven men and three women represented their country, accompanied by four others. The athletes were led by Arthur Porritt, who was the only New Zealand competitor who had attended the previous Summer Olympics in 1924; Porritt would four decades later become New Zealand's 11th Governor-General. The team won one medal; boxer Ted Morgan won gold in the men's welterweight. Excluding Malcolm Champion's gold as part of a combined Australasia team in 1912, this was New Zealand's first Olympic gold medal.
Medallists
Delegation
Arthur Porritt was appointed captain by the New Zealand Olympic Council. Porritt was at the time based in England for tertiary study and was thus in a position to arrange some things in Europe. He also had the advantage that he had attended the previous Summer Olympics, winning the country's only medal. Porritt, a runner, was joined by eight other competitors: four swimmers, three track and field athletes, and two boxers. In total, there were seven men and three women competing for New Zealand. Both the boxer Alf Cleverley and the swimmer Len Moorhouse did not receive financial support by the Olympic Council for their journey to the Games, but had to pay for it themselves. All athletes apart from Porritt (who was already in England) and Moorhouse travelled by the Remuera to England; The main body of the team was farewelled in Wellington by the prime minister, Gordon Coates, and several cabinet ministers.
Moorhouse followed over a month later on the Tamaroa. A New Zealand rowing eight (including the future All Black Hubert McLean) was selected but was unable to travel to the games because of lack of funds.
Harry Amos was appointed Chef de Mission; at the time he was referred to as chairman. His wife acted as chaperon and travelled to the Olympics at their own expense. A masseur from Wellington, C. Dickinson, accompanied the team in an honorary capacity. Swimmer Kathleen Miller, 19 years old at the time, was accompanied by her mother Annie Miller as a chaperone. Therefore, the ten athletes were accompanied by four others to the Olympics.
Athletics
Key
Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event
Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round
NP = Not placed
Men
Track & road events
Men
Field events
Women
Track & road events
Boxing
Swimming
Men
Ranks given are within the heat.
Women
Ranks given are within the heat.
References
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
External links
Photos of Alf Cleverley (boxer) and C Dickinson (trainer-masseur)
Nations at the 1928 Summer Olympics
1928
Summer Olympics | {'title': 'New Zealand at the 1928 Summer Olympics', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Zealand%20at%20the%201928%20Summer%20Olympics', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Brigadier Percy Howard Hansen, (26 October 1890 – 12 February 1951) was a British Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to personnel of the British and Commonwealth forces.
Early life
Hansen was born into a wealthy and well-connected Danish family that settled first in South Africa then, after 1900, in London. He was educated at preparatory schools in Hazelwood, Limpsfield, Surrey and Oxted, Surrey; then at Eton College (from 20 September 1904). His father, Viggo Julius Hansen, was naturalised as a British subject in 1910, so that his son could join the British Army.
Military career
After officer training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Hansen was commissioned into the Lincolnshire Regiment on 4 March 1911.
First World War
Hansen was appointed as a temporary captain shortly after the outbreak of war in 1914, as adjutant in the 6th (Service) Battalion of the Lincolnshire Regiment, and his promotion was made permanent in the following April. He fought with his battalion, a recently-created Kitchener's Army unit composed of civilian volunteers, during the Gallipoli campaign in the summer of 1915. On 9 August 1915 at Yilghin Bumu, Hansen's battalion was forced to withdraw while assaulting Scimitar Hill. Hansen and volunteers repeatedly moved back and forth under heavy fire to successfully rescue six wounded men from capture, or death by burning. Hansen was consequently awarded the Victoria Cross.
A month later, Hansen won the Military Cross for performing a reconnaissance mission at Suvla Bay. On the night of 9 September 1915, he carried out a solo reconnaissance of the coast, carrying only a revolver and a blanket for disguise. He successfully located an important Turkish firing position.
Due to ill-health, Hansen was eventually transferred to France and appointed brigade major to the 170th (2/1st North Lancashire) Brigade. He remained a staff officer for the rest of the war, during which he served with the II Anzac Corps. He was made a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for another daring reconnaissance mission during the Battle of Passchendaele in 1917.
Between the wars
Remaining in the army after the war, Hansen attended the Staff College, Camberley and, for most of the interwar period, served in numerous staff positions. After graduating, he then served as a brigade major with the 8th Infantry Brigade, part of the 3rd Infantry Division, then serving in Southern Command, before becoming a brigade major with the 4th Infantry Division's 12th Infantry Brigade. His next assignment was as a General Staff Officer Grade 2 (GSO2) to the 55th (West Lancashire) Division, a Territorial Army (TA) formation, and then a GSO2 in Jamaica, before returning to the United Kingdom and being made Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General (DAAG) with Western Command. He was then posted to the 2nd Battalion, Lincolnshire Regiment, initially as the battalion's second-in-command. The battalion was serving in Palestine, then the scene of an Arab revolt. The battalion was in Palestine for five months before it was sent back to England, and in September 1937 Hansen became the Commanding Officer (CO). He continued to command of the battalion until the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.
Second World War
On 2 September 1939, the day before the war began, Hansen was posted to the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division, a TA formation which he had served with before, and was made Assistant Adjutant-General & Quartermaster-General (AA&QMG). He held this post until late January 1941, when he became Deputy Assistant & Quartermaster-General (DA&QMG) with XII Corps, then commanded by Lieutenant General Andrew Thorne. The corps, which was commanded from late April by Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery, had responsibility for the defence of Kent in the event of a German invasion of the United Kingdom.
Hansen continued in this role until February 1942 when he was made an Area Commander of Belfast Area, before being made a Sub-District Commander, Ashford Area until serving on the staff of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF). He remained in this position until the war's end in 1945, and he retired from the army in January 1946.
Hansen died on 12 February 1951, at the relatively young age of sixty. He is one of only fourteen men, other than Gurkhas born in Nepal, not born as a British subject to have received the Victoria Cross.
Awards and decorations
Victoria Cross (1 October 1915) "For most conspicuous bravery on 9th August, 1915, at Yilghin Burnu, Gallipoli Peninsula. After the second capture of the "Green Knoll" his Battalion was forced to retire, leaving some wounded behind, owing to the intense heat from the scrub which had been set on fire. When the retirement was effected Captain Hansen, with three or four volunteers, on his own initiative, dashed forward several times some 300 to 400 yards over open ground into the scrub under a terrific fire, and succeeded in rescuing from inevitable death by burning, no less than six wounded men."
Distinguished Service Order (16 September 1918) "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He volunteered to carry out a reconnaissance, and brought back valuable information obtained under heavy artillery and machine-gun fire, which had been unprocurable from other sources. Throughout he did fine work."
Military Cross (29 October 1915) "For conspicuous gallantry at Suvla Bay on 9th September, 1915. He made a reconnaissance of the coast, stripping himself and carrying only a revolver and a blanket for disguise. He swam and scrambled over rocks, which severely cut and bruised him, and obtained some valuable information and located a gun which was causing much damage. The undertaking was hazardous. On one occasion he met a patrol of 12 Turks who did not see him, and later a single Turk whom he lulled. He returned to our lines in a state of great exhaustion."
Mentioned in Despatches five times
Croix de Guerre with Bronze Star (France)
Officer of the Legion of Merit (14 November 1947, United States)
Commander of the Royal Order of St Olav (Norway)
Birthplace and place of death controversy
There is disagreement concerning the places of Hansen's birth and death. Some sources state that he was born in Durban, South Africa; another says "Dresden, Germany (where his parents were taking a cure)". Similarly, one source gives his place of death as "Kensington, London", and subsequent burial at Garrison Cemetery, Copenhagen, while another says he died in Copenhagen.
References
External links
British Army Officers 1939−1945
Generals of World War II
1890 births
1951 deaths
Burials at the Garrison Cemetery, Copenhagen
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army brigadiers of World War II
British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross
British Gallipoli campaign recipients of the Victoria Cross
British military personnel of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Danish military personnel
Danish recipients of the Victoria Cross
Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit
People educated at Hazelwood School
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
People educated at Eton College
People from Durban
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Recipients of the Military Cross
Royal Lincolnshire Regiment officers
German emigrants to the United Kingdom | {'title': 'Percy Hansen', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy%20Hansen', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Singles 1965–1967 is a box set compilation of singles by The Rolling Stones spanning the years 1965–1967. The second in a series of repackages by ABKCO Records, who licence The Rolling Stones' 1963–1970 recorded works, Singles 1965–1967 is the second of three successive volumes to commemorate their non-LP releases during this era.
While the set features faithful replicas of all individual single covers (even the CDs are reproduced in black), the set—and the two others in the series—came under some criticism as to their necessity, especially as 1989's Singles Collection: The London Years already covered this material to "Satisfaction".
Journalist Nigel Williamson provides a liner notes essay.
Track listing
All songs by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, except where noted.
Disc one
"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" – 3:43
"The Under Assistant West Coast Promotion Man" (Nanker Phelge) – 3:08
"The Spider and the Fly" – 3:38
Disc two
"Get Off of My Cloud" – 2:54
"I'm Free" – 2:24
"The Singer Not The Song" – 2:22
Disc three
"As Tears Go By" (Jagger/Richards/Andrew Loog Oldham) – 2:45
"Gotta Get Away" – 2:07
Disc four
"19th Nervous Breakdown" – 3:57
"Sad Day" – 3:02
Disc five
"Paint It, Black" – 3:44
"Stupid Girl" – 2:55
"Long, Long While" – 3:01
Disc six
"Mother's Little Helper" – 2:45
"Lady Jane" – 3:09
Disc seven
"Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?" – 2:34
"Who's Driving Your Plane?" – 3:14
Disc eight
"Let's Spend the Night Together" – 3:26
"Ruby Tuesday" – 3:13
Disc nine
"We Love You" – 4:36
"Dandelion" – 3:48
Disc ten
"She's a Rainbow" – 4:12
"2000 Light Years from Home" – 4:44
Disc eleven
"In Another Land" (Bill Wyman) – 2:53
"The Lantern" – 4:26
References
The Rolling Stones compilation albums
2004 compilation albums
ABKCO Records compilation albums | {'title': 'Singles 1965–1967', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singles%201965%E2%80%931967', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Ngot Peter Mou Athuai Slate Nation is a South Sudanese-born Australia-based musician, artist and songwriter. He was born in Thiet, a suburb of Tonj State.
Music career
Slate Nation began his music career in 2007 as a choir member in Don Bosco Missionary School in his hometown Tonj. He made his breakthrough with his hit song Juba Juice in 2016. He has collaborated with international acts such as Skales, Pallaso, Jose Chameleone. The artist undertook his second tour of Australia in late 2017. He worked on his fourth studio album expected in 2023, which features work by Chameleone, Skales, Tekno (musician) and Emmanuel Jal. At the beginning of 2022, Slate Nation conducted a world music tour with Rema of Marvin, Kizz Daniel, KiDi.
Personal life
In 2017, while touring Australia, Slate Nation claimed that his life was in danger if he returned to South Sudan. In 2018 December his brother Magontong died in a road accident near Tonj.
Discography
Studio albums
Songs
{| class="wikitable"
|+Songs
!Song Title
!Year
|-
|Come Back Home
|2010
|-
|Juba Juice
|2015
|-
|Nyanbim
|2016
|-
|Girls Dem Hotter Ft. Captain Dollar
|2016
|-
|Anatabani
|2017
|-
|Yiith
|2017
|-
|Panda Awiel
|2017
|-
|Mading Bor
|2017
|-
|Dom Achin
|2017
|-
|Take Me Down
|2017
|-
|Maath
|2017
|-
|Yitok
|2017
|-
|Wuong
|2017
|-
|Pandum
|2017
|-
|Piir
|2017
|-
|Nya Adai
|2017
|-
|Piandu
|2017
|-
|Good Girl
|2017
|-
|Domachin
|2018
|-
|Nya Adai
|2018
|-
|Chut Angueem
|2018
|-
|Beautiful Girl Ft Pallaso
|2019
|-
|Take Me Down
|2019
|-
|Panda Awiel
|2019
|-
|Mading Bor
|2019
|-
|Inu
|2020
Awards
See also
Hardlife Avenue Stars
Ragga jungle
References
External links
Slate Nation Official Website
https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2022/07/18/slate-nation-performs-on-the-global-stage-in-australia/
https://www.sudanspost.com/slate-nation-left-fans-craving-at-melbourne-concert-with-nigerian-singer-rema/
Living people
South Sudanese musicians
South Sudanese singers
South Sudanese men
People from Juba
South Sudanese emigrants to Australia
South Sudanese songwriters
South Sudanese culture
South Sudanese singer-songwriters
Year of birth missing (living people)
South Sudanese emigrants | {'title': 'Slate Nation', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate%20Nation', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Partick Thistle Football Club is a Scottish association football club based in the Maryhill area of Glasgow. The club first competed in a European competition in 1963–64, qualifying for the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup following a third-place finish in the Scottish First Division. The club reached the second round, which remains the club's joint best run in a European competition.
History
1963–64 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
Partick Thistle's début in European football came in 1963–64 when they qualified for the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup after finishing third in the Scottish First Division behind Rangers and Kilmarnock respectively. Their first round opponents were Glentoran from Northern Ireland. Thistle won the away leg in Belfast 4–1. In the second leg at home they produced a 3–0 victory to progress to the next round comfortably 7–1 on aggregate. In the second round they faced Czechoslovakian club Spartak Brno. The first leg was played at home at Thistle won the tie 3–2. However, on the away leg Spartak Brno produced a convincing 4–0 victory to knock out Partick Thistle 6–3 on aggregate.
1972–73 UEFA Cup
Thistle qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first and only time in 1972–73 having defeated Celtic in the final of the Scottish League Cup the previous season. They faced Budapest Honvéd of Hungary in the first round. In the first leg of the tie Thistle lost 1–0 at Bozsik József Stadion in Budapest. In the return leg at Firhill they were also beaten, this time 3–0 to exit the tournament 4–0 on aggregate.
1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup
In 1995, Thistle competed in the UEFA Intertoto Cup. They were drawn in Group 6 along with Keflavík, LASK Linz, Metz and NK Zagreb. Each team played each other once, either home or away. Thistle's first match was against LASK Linz in Austria which ended in a 2–2 draw. Their next game was against Icelandic side Keflavík at home in Glasgow ending in a 3–1 victory. Thistle then faced French club Metz away from home which resulted in a narrow 1–0 defeat. Their final match was against NK Zagreb of Croatia at home narrowly losing 2–1. Thistle finished fourth overall in Group 6 which wasn't enough to qualify for the next round. Metz progressed to the knock-out stages after finishing top of the group with maximum points having won all their matches.
Overall record
By competition
By country
References
Partick Thistle F.C.
Partick Thistle | {'title': 'Partick Thistle F.C. in European football', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partick%20Thistle%20F.C.%20in%20European%20football', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Sue Troyan is an American basketball coach who was the head women's basketball coach at Lehigh University, a position that she held from 1995 to 2022. Prior to coaching basketball at Lehigh, she was the college's softball coach for five years.
Player career
While attending Dickinson College, Troyan competed in both basketball and track. She was voted the basketball team's most valuable player, following her 1988 senior season, and was a three-time All-American in track.
Head coaching record
Personal life
She met her future husband Fran while finishing undergraduate studies at Dickinson, where he was enrolled in law school. When she accepted a graduate assistant's job with Lehigh's women's basketball team and pursued her MBA at the school, he worked in nearby Allentown. She was offered an assistant coach's job with the basketball team, in addition to the softball team's head coaching position. Fran became her assistant in softball and took over the head coaching job in 1995, when she became the basketball head coach. They reside in Saucon Valley, Pennsylvania, and have three children.
References
1960s births
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women's basketball coaches
Dickinson College alumni
Lehigh University alumni
Lehigh Mountain Hawks women's basketball coaches | {'title': 'Sue Troyan', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue%20Troyan', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Brotherman in the Fatherland is an album by multi-instrumentalist Rahsaan Roland Kirk. It was recorded in concert in Hamburg, Germany, in 1972, with Ron Burton, Henry Metathias Pearson, Richie Goldberg and Joe Habao Texidor. The album was first released on the Hyena label in 2006.
Reception
The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek states "This gig, recorded in 1972, is one of those seemingly out-of-nowhere moments when Kirk, struggling to make a living, took it to the audience full-force... Like his best live outings — this one doesn't have the same sound quality as Bright Moments — this one is simply astonishing in its intensity, soul, and acumen. One can only wonder when hearing the polite applause at the end of the gig (instead of the justifiable shouting and screaming that should've been there) if the German crowd were just blown away, or confused. Listeners, too, may wonder if they can believe what has just transpired in the space of an hour. They can". The Penguin Guide to Jazz described the material chosen by Hyena as "shoddy selections". The JazzTimes reviewer wrote that "Kirk's instrumental versatility – as well as his improvisational virtuosity – shines through".
Track listing
All compositions by Rahsaan Roland Kirk except as indicated.
"Intro/Like Sonny" (John Coltrane) - 8:32
"Make It with You" (David Gates) - 5:39
"Rahsaan's Spirit" - 7:04
"My Girl" (Smokey Robinson, Ronald White) - 5:15
"Seasons/Serenade to a Cuckoo" - 6:54
"Pedal Up" - 10:20
"Lush Life" (Billy Strayhorn) - 3:12
"Afro Blue" (Mongo Santamaría) - 4:04
"Blue Train" (Coltrane) - 17:31
Recorded at the Funkhaus in Hamburg, Germany on March 3, 1972
Personnel
Roland Kirk: tenor saxophone, manzello, stritch, clarinet, flute
Ron Burton: piano
Henry Metathias Pearson: bass
Richie Goldberg: drums
Joe Habad Texidor: percussion
References
Hyena Records albums
Rahsaan Roland Kirk live albums
2006 live albums | {'title': 'Brotherman in the Fatherland', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brotherman%20in%20the%20Fatherland', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Saint Kitts and Nevis National Cup is the top knockout tournament of the Saint Kitts and Nevis football.
Winners
2001/02 : Cayon Rockets (Cayon)
2002/03 : Village Superstars FC (Basseterre) 1-0 Newtown United FC (Basseterre)
2003/04 : Village Superstars FC (Basseterre) 3-1 Cayon Rockets (Cayon)
2004/05 : unknown
2005/06 : unknown
2006/07 : Newtown United FC (Basseterre) awd Village Superstars FC (Basseterre)
2007/08 : unknown
2008/09 : unknown
2009/10 : Newtown United FC (Basseterre) 2-0 St. Paul's United (Basseterre)
2010/11 : Village Superstars FC (Basseterre) 4-3 Mantab
2011/12 : St. Paul's United (Basseterre) 2-1 Newtown United FC (Basseterre)
2012/13 : Conaree United FC 1-1 Newtown United FC (Basseterre) [aet, 5-4 pen]
2013/14 : Newtown United FC (Basseterre) 1-0 Garden Hotspurs FC (Basseterre)
2014/15 : Conaree United FC 2-2 Cayon Rockets (Cayon) [aet, 6-5 pen]
2015/16 : Garden Hotspurs FC (Basseterre) 2-1 Conaree United FC
2016/17 : Village Superstars FC (Basseterre) 1-0 Newtown United FC (Basseterre)
2017/18 : Cayon Rockets (Cayon) 1-1 Conaree United FC [aet, 4-2 pen]
References
Football competitions in Saint Kitts and Nevis
National association football cups | {'title': 'Saint Kitts and Nevis National Cup', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20National%20Cup', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Live at Basin Street East is a live album by pianist Ray Bryant recorded at Basin Street East and released on Sue Records in 1964.
Reception
The Allmusic review stated "This LP concentrates primarily on standards, although one pop song of the period (Bob Dylan's "Blowin' in the Wind") is thrown in, along with a pair of Bryant's originals. The piano is in decent shape, though Bryant is fairly conservative in his approach to most of the tunes, resulting in a somewhat uninspired treatment of "C Jam Blues" and a funky but lackluster "Love for Sale." ... The audience, for the most part, seems more interested in talking among themselves than realizing they are witnessing the making of a live recording".
Track listing
All compositions by Ray Bryant except where noted
"What Is This Thing Called Love?" (Cole Porter) – 3:40
"C Jam Blues" (Barney Bigard, Duke Ellington) – 3:30
"Sister Suzie" – 4:36
"This Is All I Ask" (Gordon Jenkins) – 2:28
"Love for Sale" (Porter) – 4:26
"Blowin' in the Wind" (Bob Dylan) – 4:15
"Satin Doll" (Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, Johnny Mercer) – 4:40
"Days of Wine and Roses" )Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) – 4:07
"Blue Azurte" (Wild Bill Davis) – 2:20
"All the Young Ladies" – 3:17
Personnel
Ray Bryant – piano
Jimmy Rowser – bass
Ben Riley – drums
References
1964 live albums
Ray Bryant live albums
Sue Records live albums
Albums recorded at Basin Street East | {'title': 'Live at Basin Street East', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20at%20Basin%20Street%20East', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Three Rivers Mall is an enclosed shopping mall located in Kelso, Washington that opened in 1987, on the site of a former golf course adjacent to Interstate 5. Previously owned by General Growth Properties, the mall was one of 30 malls that was spun off into Rouse Properties in 2012. Rouse was acquired by Brookfield Properties Retail Group in 2016. In July 2019, Brookfield sold the mall to Arizona-based Three Rivers Village, LLC.
The mall has three anchors: JCPenney, Sportsman's Warehouse, and Regal Cinemas. Its original main anchors were The Bon Marche (which became Macy's; closed 2017), JCPenney, Sears (closed 2013), and Emporium (closed 2001).
The Kelso Public Library moved its main branch to the mall in 2011.
The mall also has several freestanding businesses: Safeway (originally TOP Food & Drug), Target (opened 1990), and Pier 1 Imports (which closed in 2020 along with the rest of the chain). There are also several freestanding restaurants: Red Lobster, Panera Bread, and Fiesta Bonita Mexican Restaurant. There is one vacant restaurant which was last occupied by Izzy's Pizza, which, according to a Facebook post, closed during 2020 for a remodel, and has not reopened as of August, 2021. Regal Cinemas operated a freestanding theater until January 2015, when it relocated into the main mall.
History
While the mall opened to great fanfare in 1987, bringing a variety of new stores to the area, as well as the relocation of Sears, JCPenney, and The Bon Marche from nearby downtown Longview, Washington, the mall began to struggle in the early 2000s, starting with the closure of the Emporium chain. A few tenants, such as a used car showroom, a seasonal Halloween store, and a church, occupied the former Emporium for brief periods of time until 2014. The decline in foot traffic prompted many smaller retailers to close, and some chains present in the mall such as Radio Shack, Sam Goody, and KB Toys, were also closed as those chains struggled. The food court also dwindled down to a couple of local tenants. Sears announced late in 2012 that they would close their store in the mall in January 2013, which further reduced foot traffic. Among the businesses that left after Sears closed were Big 5 Sporting Goods, Fred Meyer Jewelers, and Mr. Formal. Chuck E. Cheese's also closed their location inside the mall on April 7, 2014. Macy's announced in January 2017 that the Kelso location is one of 68 stores that would be closing. The store closed in March 2017. As of February 2018, there were no tenants open in the food court, and the food court remained vacant until March 2020.
Sportsman's Warehouse opened in the former Emporium store in July 2014. The former Sears store has been demolished, and Regal Cinemas has constructed a new theater on the former Sears site, which replaced the mall's freestanding theater, as well as the Triangle Cinemas in nearby Longview. The new theater opened in January 2015. The mall's management announced in September 2014 that Planet Fitness will be moving into the former Chuck E. Cheese's site with additional space. Planet Fitness held its grand opening in January 2015. Panera Bread built a new, freestanding location which opened in December 2017. A local business called The Coffee Court opened in the mall's food court in March 2020. This is the first food court tenant in over two years.
In popular culture
An episode of the Food Network show Food Court Wars was filmed in the mall. The episode titled "Gaufre Gourmet vs. Pressed" originally aired on March 30, 2014. The winner of the contest received one year of free rent in the food court, and Gaufre Gourmet opened for business in April 2014. However, citing a lack of foot traffic, Gaufre Gourmet closed in September 2014, and the owners have since opened a restaurant in Portland, Oregon.
References
External links
Shopping malls established in 1987
Shopping malls in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Cowlitz County, Washington
Tourist attractions in Cowlitz County, Washington
1987 establishments in Washington (state) | {'title': 'Three Rivers Mall', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20Rivers%20Mall', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Nick Kopia Kuman is a Papua New Guinea politician. He is a Member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea, representing the seat of Gumine Open since 2002 as a member of People's National Congress.
Early life
Kuman obtained a Bachelor of Applied Science (Environmental Management) with Honours from the University of Western Sydney, Australia. Prior to his election, he was employed by the National Capital District Commission for 19 years, and was the Deputy City Manager of the National Capital District.
Political career
He was first elected to the National Parliament in the 2002 general election for Gumine Open as an Independent candidate, then joined People's National Congress. He was appointed as Minister for Culture and Tourism in the Somare/Marat cabinet from 2003 to 2004, and again from 2007 to 2012.
He was re-elected in the 2012 general election, but was declared duly elected in November 2013 following a vote recount. On 24 February 2014, he was appointed Minister for Education in the O'Neill-Dion Cabinet, and held this position for the remaining duration of O'Neill's leadership.
On 7 June 2019, he was appointed as Minister for Higher Education, Research, Science and Technology, as part of the First Marape Cabinet, replacing Pila Niningi.
References
Members of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
Living people
People's National Congress (Papua New Guinea) politicians
Government ministers of Papua New Guinea
Western Sydney University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Nick Kuman', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Kuman', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Victoria Clarke is a UK based chartered psychologist and an Associate Professor in Qualitative and Critical Psychology at the University of the West England, Bristol. Her work focuses on qualitative psychology and critical psychology, and her background and training is in the fields of women studies, feminist psychology, LGBTQ psychology, and qualitative methods. She is particularly known for her ongoing collaboration with Professor Virginia Braun around qualitative methods. Braun and Clarke developed a widely cited approach to thematic analysis in 2006 and have published extensively around thematic analysis since then. They have also collaborated on an award-winning qualitative research textbook and more recently have published around the qualitative story completion method with the Story Completion Research Group.
Biography
Higher Education
Victoria Clarke completed an undergraduate degree in psychology at Brunel University; she graduated in July 1997. After graduation, Clarke started a PhD in the Department of Social Sciences at Loughborough University supervised by Professor Celia Kitzinger (and later Professor Jonathan Potter and Professor Sue Wilkinson). Her PhD - in women's studies and psychology - focused on lesbian and gay parenting. This research further advanced the intersection between queer psychology and qualitative methods - she explored the social construction of LGBT parenting from both a queer studies and critical psychological perspective. Clarke graduated from Loughborough in July 2002. Lastly, Clarke got her postgraduate certificate in higher education at University of the West England, Bristol, graduating in July 2004.
Career
Between October 1997 and March 2002, Clarke was a PhD student in the Department of Social Sciences at Loughborough University. Her PhD research explored the social construction of lesbian and gay parenting - in psychology and mainstream media. She published papers on television talk show debates about same-sex parenting, on arguments used by opponents of same-sex parenting to justify their opposition to equality for lesbian and gay families and arguments about children's need for male role models and 'concerns' about homophobic bullying. She also published several papers critically exploring the representation of same-sex parenting in psychological research - exploring themes of sameness and difference, the rhetoric of pseudoscience and constructions of lesbians as parents in psychological literature from 1886–2006.
After completing her PhD at Loughborough University, Clarke worked with Dr Carole Burgoyne and Professor Janet Reibstein, as a Research Fellow at the University of Exeter. The project - funded by the Lord Chancellor's Department - focused on money management in first time heterosexual marriage.
She joined the University of the West of England as a lecturer in Social Psychology in 2003. Currently Clarke is an Associate Professor in Qualitative and Critical Psychology at the University of the West England, Bristol. Her research and teaching is centered around qualitative methods, queer psychology, human sexuality and gender studies.
Selected works
Books
Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. (2021). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. Sage.
Collecting qualitative data: A practical guide to textual, media and virtual techniques (2017, Cambridge University Press) - co-edited with Virginia Braun and Debra Gray.
Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners (2013, Sage) - with Virginia Braun.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer psychology: An introduction (2010, Cambridge University Press) - with Sonja Ellis, Elizabeth Peel and Damien Riggs.
Out in Psychology: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer perspectives (2007, Wiley) - co-edited with Elizabeth Peel.
British lesbian, gay, and bisexual psychologies: Theory, research and practice (2007, Routledge) - co-edited with Elizabeth Peel and Jack Drescher.
Selected Journal Entries and Book Chapters
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis
Feminist qualitative methods and methodologies in psychology: A review and reflection
Using thematic analysis in counselling and psychotherapy research: A critical reflection
Thematic analysis
Innovations in qualitative methods
Reflecting on qualitative research, feminist methodologies and feminist psychology: In conversation with Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke
(Mis)conceptualising themes, thematic analysis, and other problems with Fugard and Potts’ (2015) sample-size tool for thematic analysis
Research and Scholarship
Qualitative Research and Thematic Analysis
Clarke's main area of focus is qualitative research and particularly the reflexive approach to thematic analysis she has developed with Professor Virginia Braun at The University of Auckland. The 2006 paper in which they originally outlined their approach has over 59,000 Google Scholar citations and according to Google Scholar is the most cited academic paper published in 2006. An open access version is available from the University of the West of England Research Repository. Braun and Clarke have a thematic analysis website at The University of Auckland. This includes an extensive reading list, FAQs and links to their lectures on thematic analysis on YouTube. They have written numerous chapters, editorials, commentaries and encyclopedia entries on thematic analysis.
Areas of Expertise
Qualitative methods
Thematic analysis
Story completion
Qualitative surveys
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer+ (LGBTQ) psychology
Feminist psychology
Human sexuality
Same-sex parenting
LGBT issues in higher education
Voluntary childlessness
Embryo donation for family building
Awards and Achievements
American Psychological Association Division 44 Award for the Best Book in Lesbian, Gay, and/or Bisexual Psychology for 2007 (August 2007).
British Psychological Society Book Award (Textbook) 2013 (September 2013).
Association of Women in Psychology Distinguished Publication Award 2014 (August 2014).
References
External links
Google Scholar
Take a look at Victoria Clarke 🦄 (@drvicclarke): https://twitter.com/drvicclarke?s=09 Institutional homepage
Thematic Analysis - The University of Auckland
Story Completion - The University of Auckland
Living people
British psychologists
Alumni of Loughborough University
Academics of the University of the West of England, Bristol
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Victoria Clarke (psychologist)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Clarke%20%28psychologist%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Detroit Savings Bank Southwest Branch is a former branch bank building located at 5705 West Fort Street in Detroit, Michigan. The building is significant as one of the works of Wirt C. Rowland, then working at the firm established by Albert Kahn. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.
History
The Detroit Savings Bank was established in 1849 as the Detroit Savings Fund Institute. The institution grew over the years, and by the 20th century was among the largest banks in Detroit. After the Delray neighborhood was annexed to Detroit and the area began attracting more population, Detroit Savings Bank looked to establish a branch in the neighborhood. In 1913, they purchased a plot of land for a location, but WWI intervened before construction could start. The company eventually hired Albert Kahn's firm to design a building. Construction on the building began in 1919, and it opened in 1920.
Detroit Savings Bank weathered the Great Depression and continued to use the bank building. However, by the 1950s, the Delray neighborhood was losing employment and the population was declining. The branch bank was closed in the 1980s. As of 2014, the building was owned by the nonprofit Community Health and Social Services (CHASS) Center.
Description
The Detroit Savings Bank Southwest Branch building is a two-story concrete and brick Art Deco building with Classical Revival details. It is located on a corner lot, with the facades facing the streets clad in limestone. The other two facades are clad with yellow brick. The building is 35 feet wide and 50 feet deep, with a height of 35 feet 9 inches. The front facade contains a front entrance flanked by two Doric columns and topped with casement windows. The entrance and columns are surrounded by an inverted U of limestone. This U is decorated with an incised Greek meander and rosettes.
References
National Register of Historic Places in Detroit | {'title': 'Detroit Savings Bank Southwest Branch', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit%20Savings%20Bank%20Southwest%20Branch', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Michael Frederick Box (born 9 June 1947) is an English musician who is the lead guitarist of rock group Uriah Heep, having previously been a member of The Stalkers and Spice, both with original Uriah Heep vocalist David Byron. He is the only member from the band's founding in 1969 who is still active with the group, and – following the 2020 deaths of Lee Kerslake and Ken Hensley – is also the last surviving member of the group's classic line-up.
Biography
Early influences
In 2018 Mick Box said he was influenced by Les Paul and Mary Ford, Django Reinhardt, Wes Montgomery, Tal Farlow and Barney Kessel. He attributes some of these influences to his first guitar instructor because he was the second guitarist for Django Reinhardt, as well as coming from a jazz background.
When he started performing with Uriah Heep, other new bands included Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, and Led Zeppelin.
Spice
Before establishing Uriah Heep Box's band was called Spice . The band performed from 1968 to 1969 with David Byron
and Nigel Pegrum Box said they chose that name because they didn't want to get categorised into a narrow genre. "There's lots of spices, and that was our train of thought with the name of the band" said Box in a 2021 interview. After Ken Hensley joined the members of Spice, they became Uriah Heep.
Recent activities
Mick Box blamed the COVID-19 pandemic for preventing a 50th Anniversary Celebration, but was planning on a 52 year Celebration. He said he felt strange being in quarantine, because he was accustomed to being "on the road," and interacting with fans at concerts. He has used the time to compose songs and he produced some videos for the Lockdown Diaries.
Box has used his talent to promote the Nightingale Cancer Support Centre.
Discography
With David Byron
Take No Prisoners – 1975
With Uriah Heep
...Very 'Eavy ...Very 'Umble – 1970
Salisbury – 1971
Look at Yourself – 1971
Demons & Wizards – 1972
The Magician's Birthday – 1972
Live '73 – 1973
Sweet Freedom – 1973
Wonderworld – 1974
Return to Fantasy – 1975
High and Mighty – 1976
Firefly...1977
Innocent Victim...1977
Fallen Angel – 1978
Conquest – 1980
Abominog – 1982
Head First – 1983
Equator – 1985
Raging Silence – 1989
Different World – 1991
Sea of Light – 1995
Sonic Origami – 1998
Wake the Sleeper – 2008
Celebration – Forty Years of Rock – 2009
Into the Wild – 2011
Outsider – 2014
Living the Dream – 2018
Chaos & Colour – 2023
With Iris
Lady in Black – 2002
With Spearfish
Back for the Future – 2003
References
External links
The Official Website of Mick Box
Uriah Heep (band) members
1947 births
Living people
English rock guitarists
English heavy metal guitarists
Lead guitarists
People from Walthamstow
Musicians from London | {'title': 'Mick Box', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick%20Box', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Finance Act 2009 (c 10) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It amends the law in relation to pensions, Income Tax, Capital Gains Tax, Corporation Tax, Value Added Tax, stamp taxes, alcohol and tobacco duties, gambling duties, Vehicle Excise Duty, fuel duty, Climate Change Levy, Landfill Tax and other environmental taxes and duties.
Commencement
The following Orders have been made under this Act to bring parts of it into force:
The Finance Act 2009, Section 96 and Schedule 48 (Appointed Day, Savings and Consequential Amendments) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/3054 (C. 133))
The Finance Act 2009, Schedule 56 (Appointed Day and Consequential Provisions) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/466 (C. 31))
The Finance Act 2009, Section 94 (Appointed Day) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/574 (C. 40))
The Finance Act 2009, Paragraph 12(2)(b) of Schedule 22 (Appointed Day) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/670 (C. 43))
The Finance Act 2009, Schedule 50 (Record-keeping) (Appointed Day) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/815 (C. 55))
The Finance Act 2009, Schedule 51 (Time Limits for Assessments, Claims, etc.) (Appointed Days and Transitional Provisions) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/867 (C. 58))
The Finance Act 2009, Sections 101 to 103 (Appointed Day and Supplemental Provision) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/1878 (C. 96))
The Finance Act 2009, Sections 101 to 103 (Income Tax Self Assessment) (Appointed Days and Transitional and Consequential Provisions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/701 (C. 26))
The Finance Act 2009, Schedules 55 and 56 (Income Tax Self Assessment and Pension Schemes) (Appointed Days and Consequential and Savings Provisions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/702 (C. 27))
See also
Finance Act
References
Halsbury's Statutes,
External links
The Finance Act 2009, as amended from the National Archives.
The Finance Act 2009, as originally enacted from the National Archives.
Explanatory notes to the Finance Act 2009.
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2009
Tax legislation in the United Kingdom | {'title': 'Finance Act 2009', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finance%20Act%202009', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The are a group of volcanic deserted islands located in the Philippine Sea approximately south of Tokyo and west of Miyake-jima, in the northern portion of the Izu archipelago, Japan. The group is also known as from its profile.
Geography
Ōnohara-jima consists of nine main islets and several smaller rocks and stacks. The island is the remnant of an andesite lava dome with sheer sides, the only visible portion of a submarine volcanic caldera. The above sea-level portion has a surface area of approximately 0.2 square kilometers, with a summit height of on the main islet of .
Located in the Kuroshio Current, the area has abundant sea life, and is popular with sports fishermen and scuba divers.
During the Korean War, aircraft of the US Air Force used Ōnohara-jima as a bombing range, endangering the Japanese murrelet, a rare seabird. The bombing was stopped after Jack Moyer wrote a letter to an associate of then-US President Harry S. Truman.
See also
Izu Islands
Desert island
List of islands
References
External links
Quaternary Volcanoes in Japan
Izu Islands
Uninhabited islands of Japan
Extinct volcanoes
Stacks of Japan
Islands of Tokyo
Pleistocene lava domes | {'title': 'Ōnohara Islands', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cnohara%20Islands', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
"Leader of the Band" is a song written by Dan Fogelberg from his 1981 album The Innocent Age. The song was written as a tribute to his father, Lawrence Fogelberg, a musician and the leader of a band, who was still alive at the time the song was released. Lawrence died in August 1982, but not before this hit song made him a celebrity with numerous media interviews interested in him as its inspiration.
Released as a single at the end of 1981, the tribute peaked at #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1982. It became Fogelberg's second #1 song on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, following his 1980 hit "Longer". On the Radio & Records charts, "Leader of the Band" peaked at #2 on the CHR/Pop chart, and hit #1 on the AC chart.
Charts
Other versions
The Mercey Brothers recorded this song in 1984 for their completion album Latest and Greatest Volume 1. It would peak at number nine on the Canadian Country Music chart and at number 21 on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart.
Lucie Arnaz has performed a version of the song as a tribute to her late father, Desi Arnaz. This is heard in the lyrics as it was changed from A cabinet maker's son to A mayor's son. Desi's father, Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y Alberni II, served as mayor of Santiago de Cuba from 1928 until 1932 and was also the youngest mayor of that respected city.
Regine Velasquez recorded this song in 2008 for her album Low Key, and she also performed the song to her father, Gerardo Velasquez, while he was still alive.
Zac Brown recorded this song in 2017 as part of a tribute album to Dan Fogelberg. He also dedicated it to his father.
See also
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1982 (U.S.)
References
1981 singles
Dan Fogelberg songs
Songs written by Dan Fogelberg
1981 songs
Full Moon Records singles
Songs about fathers
Epic Records singles | {'title': 'Leader of the Band', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader%20of%20the%20Band', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Los Angeles Yacht Club is a yacht club located in San Pedro, Los Angeles (United States). The Club is a Charter Member of the Southern California Yachting Association.
History
Los Angeles Yacht Club was founded in 1901 as South Coast Yacht Club. in 1920 South Coast Yacht Club changed its name to Los Angeles Yacht Club. Los Angeles Motor Boat Club and Los Angeles Yacht Club (LAYC) consolidated its membership in 1922 and moved into a shared facility of the California Yacht Club. In 1937 LAYC moved from the California Yacht Club facility into a "temporary" New England-style clubhouse in Fish Harbor, San Pedro where it remained for the next 56 years. LAYC moved in 1993 to its present location at Cabrillo Marina in San Pedro.
Los Angeles Yacht Club was the host club for the first Los Angeles-to-Honolulu transpacific yacht race (Transpac) held on June 11, 1906. LAYC members have continued to sail in and officiate the start of the Transpac race which is held every two years. Los Angeles Yacht Club also hosts the annual Pacific Coast Mercury Class Championship and the Port of Los Angeles Harbor Cup Cal Maritime Invitational Intercollegiate Regatta.
In addition to its mainland San Pedro clubhouse, Los Angeles Yacht Club maintains an outstation facility at Howland's Landing on Catalina Island, California.
Sailors
Owen Churchill won the gold medal in the 8 metre class at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and his daughter Antonia Churchill competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in the 8 metre class also.
Darby Metcalf won the Snipe worlds in 1940 and 1941.
James Cowie and Gordon Cowie won the Star World Championships in 1940 and George Fleitz with William Severance in 1941. George Fleitz won again the 1946 Worlds with Walter Krug.
References
External links
Official website
1901 establishments in California | {'title': 'Los Angeles Yacht Club', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Angeles%20Yacht%20Club', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Alan Placek is a former American soccer player who played in the USISL Premier League, National Professional Soccer League, and the Canadian Professional Soccer League.
Playing career
Placek began his career in 1996 with the Mid-Michigan Bucks in the USISL Premier League. During his first tenure with the Bucks he helped the club win their division title in 1997. In 1998, he signed with the Detroit Rockers of the National Professional Soccer League, where he appeared in 32 matches. In 1999, he returned to Michigan helping the club to win two division titles. In 2004, Placek signed with the newly formed Windsor Border Stars of the Canadian Professional Soccer League. In his debut season he helped the club reach the final of the Open Canada Cup, where Windsor faced Ottawa St. Anthony Italia and won the tournament by defeating Ottawa 4-2 in penalties. During the regular season he helped Windsor finish third in the Western Conference, and clinch a postseason berth. In the quarterfinals the team faced Toronto Croatia, but suffered a 5-0 defeat.
References
Living people
American soccer players
Flint City Bucks players
Detroit Rockers players
Windsor City FC players
USL League Two players
National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001) players
Canadian Soccer League (1998–present) players
Association football goalkeepers
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Alan Placek', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Placek', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Uniform Commercial Code is a standard Code that has been adopted by all 50 states. Still, every state has the ability to pick and chose what specific provisions of the UCC it wishes to adopt and make its own modifications. Uniform Commercial Code Article 2 governs the sale of goods that are over the price of $500 dollars. Illinois specifically has adopted the exact same Article 2 of the UCC to govern the sale of goods; This is also called the model code. The purpose of the UCC is to allow parties to freely enter into a contract for the sale of goods with their own terms, but still have default rules and gap-fillers for terms in the contract that are missing, ambiguous, or conflicting. A party may include in its contract a force majeure clause. A force majeure clause is a contract clause that allows parties to be free of liability and obligation in the event that an extraordinary capacity event beyond the parties control occurs.
There has been much debate regarding whether or not COVID-19 is considered an extraordinary capacity event that would be covered by the force majeure clause in many contracts. Many businesses are arguing that the force majeure clauses contained in its contract should be in full force and effect due to the Illinois Executive Order Regulations released during the pandemic that limited production and man-power. A recent case in Illinois discusses if COVID-19 should be considered an extraordinary capacity event under force majeure clauses. In Rudolph, the Court does not decide if COVID-19 is an even covered by a force majeure clause. It instead provides that every case needs its own individual analysis in deciding if the force majeure clause is in full force and effect for every unique circumstance in which the parties state that they could not perform under the contract. The Court notes that in order for the force majeure to be relevant due to COVID, lack of performance by the party must have completely been out of its/their control, and that government regulation could be evidence of that. In determining what is out a parties control, it is important to take in consideration all of the things that were impacted due to COVID-19 including: supply chains, production restrictions, employee restrictions, health restrictions, etc. This is going to be an ongoing issue, and the bigger the losses are due to COVID-19, the more important the law regarding force majeure clauses becomes.
References
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Uniform Commercial Code | {'title': 'Sale of Goods Law and Covid-19', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sale%20of%20Goods%20Law%20and%20Covid-19', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
"Talk About Our Love" is a song recorded by American singer Brandy for her fourth studio album Afrodisiac (2004). It was written by Kanye West, who also appears as a featured artist on it, and Harold Lilly, while production was handled by the former. Due to the song's use of a sample of Mandrill's 1978 song "Gilly Hines", band members Claude Cave II, and Carlos, Louis and Ricardo Wilson are also credited as writers. Lyrically, "Talk About Our Love" is about a relationship lacking support from family and friends.
Recorded late into the production of Afrodisiac, "Talk About Our Love" was an eleventh-hour addition to the track listing, alongside "Where You Wanna Be". It was eventually selected as the album's lead single in a last-minute decision, replacing the Timbaland-produced song "Black Pepper", which resulted in his dissociation from Afrodisiac. Released on March 26, 2004 to generally positive reviews from music critics, "Talk About Our Love" became a moderate commercial success. While it peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart, the song peaked only at number 36 on the US Billboard Hot 100.
The accompanying music video for "Talk About Our Love" was directed by Dave Meyers and was based on a concept by West. It portrays Norwood and the rapper as a couple who is frequently disturbed by nosy friends and neighbours, who keep on popping in and out of their house to find out about their affairs. At the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards, Norwood garnered a nomination in the Best R&B Video category. Additionally, the song received a Best Collaboration nomination at the 2004 MOBO Awards. "Talk About Our Love" was promoted on several television shows and was later included in the encore set of her Human World Tour (2009).
Writing and recording
"Talk About Our Love" was written by American rapper Kanye West and songwriter Harold Lilly, with production handled by the former. Due to the interpolation of Mandrill's 1978 song "Gilly Hines", band members Claude Cave II, and Carlos, Louis and Ricardo Wilson received co-writing credits on the track. Recorded by Eugene Toale at the Record Plant in Los Angeles, it was mixed by Manny Marroquin and engineered by Jun Isheseki, with further assistance from Blake English and Kenisha Pratt. Israeli musician Miri Ben-Ari played the violin, while Ervin A. Pope was on the keyboards.
An eleventh-hour addition to the final track listing of Afrodisiac, "Talk About Our Love" was not recorded until late into the production of the album. Although Norwood had considered the project complete by October 2003 after intense recording sessions with producer Timbaland and his team, Atlantic Records executive Geroid Roberson encouraged her to embark on additional studio sessions with West, following the success of his debut studio album The College Dropout (2004). "One of the executive producers of my album [Roberson] is one of Kanye's managers, so that's how we hooked up", Norwood explained the following year, adding: "He said he always wanted to work with me [and] having followed his successes, I've always wanted to work with him. When we got together it was like, 'Oh, my God! This is great chemistry. It's magical. Kanye's passionate about the song, and so am I, so it worked out great'!".
Music and lyrics
"Talk About Our Love" is an R&B and hip hop song containing a sample from Mandrill's 1978 song "Gilly Hines". Borrowing from Kanye West's own sound at the time, including wordplay and sampling, Norwood compared the song to Alicia Keys' "You Don't Know My Name" (2003), another West production. Commenting on the music, Norwood said: "We [Norwood and West] collaborated and we just came up with a great melody".
Lyrically, "Talk About Our Love" revolves around a relationship that lacks support by family and friends. Speaking of the content, Norwood remarked: "For me, [it's about] when you're in a relationship and you just wanna be one with that person and you want everybody to support you, but they don't." She described the song as being about "being in a relationship being so deeply in love that everybody wants to be in your business. Everybody wants to be opinionated about what you do and why you do it and I think everybody in a relationship experiences that kind of stuff, people talking about your business so that is what that song is about."
Release
Though Norwood was expected to shoot a music video for a Timbaland-produced "hyper, bass-heavy" track entitled "Black Pepper" during the second week of December 2003, plans for the single eventually fell through in favor of additional recording sessions with West, the result of which was "Talk About Our Love". Released as lead single from Afrodisiac by Atlantic Records heads, the decision somewhat contrasted with Timbaland's major influence on the album and resulted in his dissociation from the album. Norwood later voiced her discontent towards her record company bosses for subsequently deciding to release it as the album's lead single. "No offense, but ‘Talk About Our Love’ was never really my choice to come out with," she said. "I had created a creative energy and a creative bond with Timbaland. What we were trying to do for the album, it was a completely different sound than 'Talk About Our Love.' It was just a little bit interesting for me, and I just wanted to keep the same consistency. But also, Kanye was hot at the time and I wanted to work with him too, but for me it was really what I was trying to create a creative bond with Timbaland. So that wasn't my choice to come out with that first."
"Talk About Our Love" made its world premiere on March 26, 2004 via AOL Music's First Listen program, where it was streamed more than 4.6 million times within its first two-month of release; by March 28, its final version had leaked. The song's CD single was released in the United States on May 25, including a reworked version of "Turn It Up", Afrodisiacs preceding buzz single. Elsewhere, "Like It Was Yesterday" appeared as the B-side on the CD single. On July 13, a maxi CD single was released, featuring previously unreleased mixes of the original version; remixes were produced by Albert Cabrera, Bill Hamel, Eric "E-Smoove" Miller, That Kid Chris, Lawrence Fordyce, Eric "Thick Dick" Miller and D. Brandon under his Alan Smithee pseudonym.
Critical reception
"Talk About Our Love" garnered a generally positive response from music critics. In his review of Afrodisiac for AllMusic, Andy Kellman noted that "Talk About Our Love" was a "career highlight for both producer and vocalist" and that it was "even more exceptional than another recent Kanye West-produced track, Janet Jackson's own "I Want You"." In his review for Billboard, Michael Paoletta wrote that "now armed with a new single, Brandy sounds more grown up and confident (echoes of Mary J. Blige abound). At times, this Kanye West production sound like a lost Shalamar track. In this way, "Talk About Our Love" also recalls Alicia Keys' "You Don't Know My Name", which West co-produced [...] Breezy and melodic, the song intertwines disco-era orchestration and electro-hued hip hop".
In her review of Afrodisiac, Sharon O'Connell of Yahoo! Music called West's productions the "two killer tracks" on the album. Vibe found that "Talk About Our Love" would aim at Norwood's core audience, stating that "Brandy comes out of the gate with a bangin' Kanye West-produced single [and] this mid-tempo jam is sure to gain the love of many fans that might have been wary of Brandy's recent projects. Watch out Beyoncé and Ashanti – Brandy's back!" BBC Music rated the song three out of five stars, writing: "The chorus is catchy and memorable, so you'll be humming that, but you might not remember how the verses go [...] It'll probably chart somewhere in the teens. It's a good song but does take a few listening before you get into it."
Commercial performance
On May 6, 2004, "Talk About Our Love" debuted at number 88 on the US Billboard Hot 100, being the sixth highest debut of the week. The song peaked at number 36 on June 3, the same week it earned the Billboard Hot 100's greatest retail gainer designation, becoming Norwood's lowest-peaking lead single at the time. Furthermore, it became her first single to fail reaching the top 20 since "U Don't Know Me (Like U Used To)" (1999) peaked at number 72. "Talk About Our Love" was more successful on Billboard's component charts: benefiting from strong physical sales, it peaked atop the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales and number three on the Hot Singles Sales, as well as reaching the top 20 on the Dance Club Songs and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. The maxi CD single also peaked at number two on the Hot Dance Singles Sales.
In the United Kingdom, "Talk About Our Love" debuted and peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Norwood's fifth non-consecutive top-ten single. The song was the second highest entry of the week–behind Britney Spears' "Everytime", which debuted at number one–and remained within the top ten for two weeks. Elsewhere, the song enjoyed moderate success. While it still managed to reach the top 40 in Australia, Ireland, Italy, and the Netherlands, it failed to enter the top 50 in other international markets.
Music video
The accompanying music video for "Talk About Our Love" was filmed in Los Angeles between March 6–7, 2004 and was produced by Rick Revel for Radical Media Inc. It was Norwood's third video to be directed by Dave Meyers, who had previously worked with her on the videos for "Another Day in Paradise" (2001) and "What About Us?" (2002). Apart from Kanye West, who came up with the concept for the video, Norwood's younger brother Ray J and actress Maia Campbell make cameo appearances in the video. West later revealed he met and attained affection for his later-wife Kim Kardashian, who was Brandy's assistant at the timen while filming.
The concept of the video was influenced by Norwood's personal experiences at that period, picking up the idea of nosy friends and neighbors, who keep on popping in and out of her house to find out about her affairs. Opening with a musical intro, the first scene in the video begins with Norwood confronting West, who's standing behind the kitchen's table, when other people switch constantly in and out the room and watch what's happening. The camera follows West's fleeing steps through the floor, incessantly backspacing on Norwood, who runs after him. The scene shifts into the living-room, where it changes into a sequence with two male dancers, before Norwood leaves the room to take stairs into the bedroom. West follows and sings to her next on the bed, when once again pop strangers in the room and Norwood and Kanye decide to escape out of the house. The video ends with both singers sitting in an oldtimer and driving down the street.
The video premiered on May 2, 2004 at the end of its Making the Video episode on MTV and entered general rotation on the network the following day. It debuted on Total Request Live on May 10 and on MuchMusic in Canada the week ending May 16. It reached number three on the TRL top ten video countdown on May 21, after a week on the countdown; and retired from the show after spending 13 days on the countdown. The "Talk About Our Love" video was the most-played clip on BET, reaching number two on the network's video countdown 106 & Park. PopMatters ranked the video among the best music videos of 2004. At the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards, Norwood and West were nominated in the category of Best R&B Video for "Talk About Our Love".
Track listings and formats
Notes
denotes vocal producer
denotes additional producer
Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Afrodisiac.
Miri Ben-Ari – violin
Claude Cave II – writing
Albert Cabrera – production
Blake English – engineering assistance
Brian Gardner – mastering
Keenan "Keynote" Holloway – bass
Jun Isheseki – engineering
Glenn S. Jeffrey – guitar
Harold Lilly – writing
Manny Marroquin – mixing
Brandy Norwood – vocals, vocal production
Ervin A. Pope – keyboards
Kenisha Pratt – engineering assistance, vocal production
Kanye West – vocals, production, writing
Carlos Wilson – writing
Louis Wilson – writing
Ricardo Wilson – writing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Release history
References
External links
Official website
2004 singles
Brandy Norwood songs
Kanye West songs
Music videos directed by Dave Meyers (director)
Song recordings produced by Kanye West
Songs written by Kanye West
2004 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Songs written by Harold Lilly (songwriter) | {'title': 'Talk About Our Love', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%20About%20Our%20Love', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Moisés Moleiro (28 March 190418 June 1979) was a Venezuelan pianist and composer. He was born in 1904 and studied under Salvador Llamozas. Moleiro founded the Orfeón Lamas and taught piano at the Caracas Musical Declamation Academy (today the Escuela de Música José Ángel Lamas). His works have been performed in the United States, Europe, and across Latin America. One of his most popular compositions is the Joropo, a piano take on Venezuela's folkloric music. He died in 1979.
Moleiro had 3 children, Moises Moleiro was a historian and politician, while his other 2 children, Federico was a poet and Carmencita became a pianist.
Selected works
Danza Salvaje
Endecha
Estampas del Llano
La Fuente
Sonatina en La menor
Tocata en Do # menor
Tocata en Do mayor
Joropo
Canción De Cuna
Rondó, de la Sonata al estilo clásico
References
Venezuela Symphony orchestra Magazine, 25th anniversary, 1955.
Information from the album Aguas de Tebanarempa (2001).
External links
1904 births
1979 deaths
People from Guárico
Venezuelan classical musicians
Venezuelan pianists
20th-century classical pianists | {'title': 'Moisés Moleiro', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s%20Moleiro', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Meyer Schleifer (February 9, 1908 – June 15, 1994) was an American bridge player from Los Angeles, California.
Schleifer was born in Brooklyn, New York City, one of five children born to Jewish emigrant parents Jacob Schleifer and Anna Frankel, born in Romania or the Russian Empire. He was a strong chess player as a teenager. He contracted tuberculosis as a law student at Columbia University, whence he quit school and moved to Denver for his health. He moved to Los Angeles a few years later, and won two Southern California Chess Championships before he switched to bridge. For most of his life, he earned a living at the bridge table, primarily by playing rubber bridge for money stakes at clubs. According to Eddie Kantar, who judged him "America's greatest bridge player" in 1972, Schleifer did have many clients at duplicate bridge, or tournament play, and could have become rich if he had not been a heavy loser betting on the horse races.
Schleifer was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 2000.
Bridge accomplishments
Honors
ACBL Hall of Fame, 2000
Wins
North American Bridge Championships (6)
von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs (1) 1966
Hilliard Mixed Pairs (1) 1947
Barclay Trophy (1) 1947
Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams (1) 1957
Reisinger (1) 1959
Spingold (1) 1953
Runners-up
North American Bridge Championships
References
Further reading
"Is this man America's greatest bridge player?", Eddie Kantar, Popular Bridge, December 1972.
External links
– with photo portrait (WorldCat thumbnail image) of 6-man team, Los Angeles Bridge Club, 1960
1908 births
1994 deaths
American contract bridge players
People from Brooklyn
People from Los Angeles
20th-century American Jews
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent | {'title': 'Meyer Schleifer', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyer%20Schleifer', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Bellevue Botanical Garden is a botanical garden east of downtown Bellevue, Washington on Main Street. Established in 1992, many different organizations work to maintain the garden to keep it free of charge. What began as a 7-acre gift to the city in the early 1980s has now become a 53-acre public park with multiple gardens. This includes the Fuchsia Garden, Lost Meadow Trail, Native Discovery Garden, Perennial Border, Rhododendron Glen, The Urban Meadow, Waterwise Garden, Yao Garden, and Dahlia Display.
History
In 1981, the Shorts family's decision to donate 7.5 acres of their home to the City of Bellevue began the idea for a public space in the city. It wasn't until three years later when the Jewetts family proposed the idea of a botanical garden to Director of Parks and Community Service of Bellevue Springgate that the project began. From the years 1984-1989 during the planning of the garden, the City of Bellevue sets aside an additional 29-acres of land for this project making the total size of the garden 36-acres. Officially open June 27, 1992, the garden included the Perennial Border, the Yao Garden and the Fuchsia Garden. However, from 1993 to 2007 additional gardens have been built including the Dahlia Display, the Waterwise Garden, the Wildflower Garden, the Alpine Rock Garden, the Native Discover Garden, and the Rhododendron Glen. Development of the garden throughout the years created the purchase of an additional 17 acres in 2006 and a revision of the master plan in 2008. Through partnerships with many organizations to maintenance over the years, the Bellevue Botanical Garden has kept admissions free and celebrated their 25-year anniversary June 2017.
Featured Gardens
Native Discovery Garden
The Native Discovery Garden highlights native plants of the Pacific Northwest. Because these plants have adapted to the environment, they require low maintenance. According to the Washington Native Plant Society, the purpose of the project was to increase the number of diverse plants. Although 90 percent of the plants are Washington specific, there were 1000 new plants of 120 different species after the renovation in July 2019.
Perennial Border
Created and maintained by the Northwest Perennial Alliance and volunteers, the Perennial Border is the largest public perennial garden in America. Designed by Charles Price, Glenn Withey, Bob Lilly, and Carrie Becker, the garden is in bloom year-round with plants that grow best in the Pacific Northwest. The American style garden features perennials, bulbs, grasses, trees, and shrubs along the stairs and paths of the garden.
Yao Garden
The Yao Garden is a Japanese themed garden that hosts plants from the Pacific Northwest, Japan, and around the Pacific Rim. Although formerly a detention for water, the space now consists of a small river stream surrounded by maples, azaleas, rhododendrons, and viburnums.
Originally part of Kelsey Creek Park in 1971, the Yao Garden relocated as the botanical garden project began in 1990. Part of the Bellevue Sister Cities Association (BSCA) along with four other cities including Yao Japan; the organization works to cultivate relationships on an international level. Since 1977 BSCA has sponsored an exchange program between students from Bellevue and students from Japan.
Urban Meadows
Opened in March 2017, the Urban Meadow features various grasses, perennials, a wetland, and a mason bee box. Both native and exotic plant species are included in this cultivated meadow for a natural look and year-round highlights. Being a garden that was added to the Bellevue Botanical Garden collection, later on, designer Jil Stenn found a way to blend the new Urban Meadow with the surrounding gardens including the Waterwise Garden, Iris Rain Garden, and Rock Garden. Although the project had a rough start due to rainfall, it was completed before the Bellevue Botanical Garden's 25th-anniversary celebration. Contributors take pride in the colors displayed throughout the year, the animal sightings, no chemical uses in the garden, and the dedication of benches and trees to honor loved ones.
Bellevue Botanical Garden Society
Started by the same individuals that initiated the Bellevue Botanical Garden project—Bob and Iris Jewett—the garden is run on an all-volunteer basis and collaborates with various organizations to maintain each garden. The society aims to inspire their guests in the community share about ecology and horticulture through education programs in Bellevue. Various classes and events are organized regularly including the holiday lights festival as a tangible way to teach and inspire community members.
See also
List of botanical gardens in the United States
References
External links
www.bellevuebotanical.org Official Website
Botanical gardens in Washington (state)
Parks in Bellevue, Washington
Japanese gardens in the United States | {'title': 'Bellevue Botanical Garden', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellevue%20Botanical%20Garden', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Hungary, excluding honorary consulates. Hungary has redefined itself as a medium-sized power in Central Europe, and recently has joined NATO (1999) and the European Union (2004). Its network of embassies and consulates abroad reflect its foreign policy priorities in Western Europe, and in neighbouring countries that Hungary has historic links to.
Current missions
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Multilateral organizations
Brussels (delegations to the European Union and NATO)
Geneva (mission to the Office of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization)
New York City (mission to the United Nations)
Paris (delegations to UNESCO)
Strasbourg (permanent representation to the Council of Europe)
Vienna (mission to the Office of the United Nations and delegation to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe)
Gallery
Closed missions
Africa
Asia
Americas
See also
Foreign relations of Hungary
Notes
References
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Hungary
Diplomatic missions
Hungary | {'title': 'List of diplomatic missions of Hungary', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20diplomatic%20missions%20of%20Hungary', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Battling Bosko is an American animated short film. It is a Looney Tunes cartoon, featuring Bosko, the original star of the series. Like most Looney Tunes of its day, it was directed by Hugh Harman; Frank Marsales provided musical direction. The film was released in 1932, though one source gives an ambiguous date of 1931–1932.
Summary
Pugilist Bosko stands on a chair, merrily boxing his punching bag; at her home, an admiring Honey reads that her sweetheart is going to fight the Champion and turns on the radio to hear the same news, reacting with disdain when the announcer decries Bosko's chances of victory, kissing a small portrait of Bosko as she does so; the Champion, the gigantic Gas House Harry, trains to the delight of his tiny supporters. Bosko's training concludes when he is knocked off his seat by his bag; just then, our hero's telephone rings, Honey, to his delight, being on the other end. She has called to encourage him; he, in turn, reassures her of his chances and the two engage in a scatting duet, eventually joined by Honey's piano. The screen fades.
Outside the stadium, newspapers featuring tidings of the Big Fight are distributed. Stuffed trolleys bear myriads to fill the seats, deflating on the evacuation of their passengers. Honey still sits at home, lightly tickling her piano as the radio sounds: Graham Cracker (a parody of Graham McNamee) announces that the great opposites are entering the ring. We cut to each; Bosko silences his cheering fans to serenade them with a song, at last leaping happily upon the ropes before taking his seat. Gas House Harry laughs derisively at something his manager whispers to him. The names of the competitors are announced and the match begins when the referee, an ostrich, rings the bell by means of a cat's tail. The Champion has the advantage, it seems, knocking the challenger back with a mighty slug. A dazed Bosko's manager rushes to his aid, fanning him and gently spraying him with water until, tickled, he playfully insists that his manager stop it. Back in the brawl, Bosko buffets the Champion such that the ship tattooed on his chest sinks. A hippopotamus-spectator holding a lollipop continually cheers for Bosko. The ostrich-referee is watching closely, occasionally coming between the competitors until they mutually punch him out of the arena after a dance-divertissement. Bosko dodges punch after punch; Honey nervously listens as the radio-announcer states that Bosko is up, then down, then up, then down: we return to the action to find that the Champion is standing upon poor Bosko's feet, punching him repeatedly such that he falls backward only to reascend again to meet the assailant's fist. At last, Bosko seems finished; the count begins. Honey knows what she must do: springing to action, Bruno by her side, she darts out of the house towards the stadium (briefly delayed when a yelping Bruno's tail is caught in the door.) She reaches Bosko's side as the count continues and calls out to him: rousing briefly, bleary-eyed Bosko turns to his sweetheart and then to us with a sleepy "Aw, hot dang!" Reaching for a corner, he draws up a layer of the arena as though it were a blanket, draping it over himself as he falls comfortably asleep.
References
External links
Battling Bosko on YouTube (unrestored)
1932 films
1932 animated films
Films scored by Frank Marsales
Films directed by Hugh Harman
Bosko films
Looney Tunes shorts
Warner Bros. Cartoons animated short films
American black-and-white films
1930s Warner Bros. animated short films
American boxing films | {'title': 'Battling Bosko', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battling%20Bosko', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Li Yugang (; born July 23, 1978) is a Chinese singer and a performer in the China National Opera & Dance Drama Theater; a member of the National Youth Federation. He specialises in "nándàn" (男旦) roles, which is male who plays female role in Peking opera. Li has released a number of CDs.
Li Yugang directed and starred in his own stage production "Lady Zhaojun" 《昭君出塞》, a grand Oriental Poetic Stage production which took him more than three years in preparation. "Lady Zhaojun" premiered in Beijing on April 16–19, 2015, followed by a world tour. In August 2015 Li Yugang and "Lady Zhaojun" stage production were nominated at 4th Denny award in Beijing for the International Excellence in Theatrical Arts in four categories.
Early life
Li was born into a farming family in Jilin province in 1978. His parents were too poor to send him to college even though he was accepted by the provincial Art College. He worked in various jobs in Changchun after finishing high school.
Li went to Xi'an to work as a waiter in an entertainment club after he became jobless in Changchun for a full year. He was fascinated by the singers whom he came across for the first time in his life. Soon, he was allowed to sing a few songs and became a club singer. His breakthrough came when one day a female colleague didn't show up and he had to take her place singing in female voice. "That's how I started with female roles" recalled Li Yugang. His talent to sing both male and female voices impressed the audience. The owner of the establishment hired him full-time and he started to have a proper job. From 1998 to 2006, he began to be trained professionally and to develop his singing and acting in nan dan (male plays female role in Peking Opera).
Career
In 2006, Li came to prominence after he came third in the Star Boulevard (), a nationwide talent competition programme on CCTV. His performance in "Farewell My Concubine" () and "The Drunken Beauty" (), both from the famous Peking Opera made him an overnight sensation. He became a highly sought-after performer afterwards.
The following year, Li became an unprecedented success when he gave his first solo performance in Beijing: "Where Flowers are Unbounded" (). In 2009, he was invited to join the "National Performing and Dancing Company" and became China's First Class Artist (National Treasure). In that same year Li Yugang was invited to perform at Sydney Opera House in Australia, the second Chinese artist to have done so, and was awarded Southern Cross Gold Prize for Culture by the Australian Government.
From 2010-2014, for stage performance, Li created "Flower in Mirror, Moon in Water" ( and "The Painting of Four Beauties" ( Together he performed over 100 shows in the country and internationally. Li Yugang also released 3 CDs from his company "The New Drunken Beauty" (, "The Dream Chaser" () and "Lotus Flower" (. In 2014, the Rhymoi Music company released Li Yugang's "Once Upon a Time in Shanghai" ( CD album. In 2015, Li Yugang directed and starred in his own stage masterpiece "Lady Zhaojun" (, a grand Oriental Poetic Stage production which took him three years in preparation.
Today, the range of Li Yugang's influence extends far beyond the entertainment world, opening up new dialogues among critics of contemporary music, theatre and aesthetics, and has become an icon in China's contemporary cultural scene.
Beyond his professional and international accolades, Li is known as a celebrity in his own hometown, Gongzhuling in Jilin, and is respected for his generous donations and help to local charity organisations, especially in education.
A very modest man who is aware that he has not had the rigorous training of traditional Peking opera, he is constantly studying and passionately committed to make China's rich cultural heritage accessible both to the young generation and to audiences around the world.
Stage Show
2010 "Flower in Mirror, Moon in Water" (
2011 "The Painting of Four Beauties" (
2019 "Lady Zhaojun" (
Discography
2010 "The New Drunken Beauty" 《新贵妃醉酒》
2010 蘭花指 (feat. 李玉剛)
2011 "The Bell for Dream Chasing" 《逐梦令》
2014 "Once Upon a Time in Shanghai"《民国旧梦》, Rhymoi Music company
2015 "Lotus Flower" 《莲花》
2016 "Happened to Meet You"《刚好遇见你》- Single
2017 "Happened to Meet You" 《剛好遇見你》 - Album
2017 天地有靈 (《捉妖記 2》推廣曲) - Single
References
External links
CCTV-星播客-男扮女装李玉刚
李玉剛國際粉絲團 (Yugang International Fans) (Facebook Account)
Li Yugang Fan Club（李玉剛粉絲頁）(Facebook Account)
1978 births
Living people
21st-century Chinese male singers
Singers from Jilin
People from Siping | {'title': 'Li Yugang', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Yugang', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Jakarta tram system was a transport system in Jakarta, Indonesia. Its first-generation tram network first operated as a horse tram system, and was eventually converted to electric trams in the early twentieth century.
History
Dutch era
The first horse tram in Batavia was operated by Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij (BTM, Batavia Tramways Company). The horse tram line was inaugurated on 20 April 1869, long before trams existed in the Netherlands- using a gauge width of 1,188 mm (3 ft 10 25⁄32 in), connecting Batavia Old Town with Weltevreden. At the time the tram, pulled by 3-4 horses, could accommodate up to 40 passengers. In April 1869 an estimated 1,500 passengers had been served by the system and in September 1869 it was increased to 7,000 passengers.
As a result of horse trams operational problems experienced by the BTM, in 1880 the operation was handled temporarily by Firma Dummler & Co. Two years later, on 19 September 1881 Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij officially changed its name into Nederlands-Indische Tramweg Maatschappij (NITM, Netherlands Indies Tramways Company) and took over Batavia trams operation previously handled by Firma Dummler & Co. Under NITM, there was a gradual overhaul of its fleet and infrastructure, which the replacement of horse with steam locomotives produced by Hohenzollern Locomotive Works. The first locomotive was purchased for ƒ8,800 and the fleet replacement process was completed in 1884. The horse tram service was closed from 12 June 1882. NITM services reopened on 1 July 1883 with the inauguration of the steam tram service as well as the new Batavia Old Town–Harmonie line.
Four years after the operation of the Batavia Old Town–Harmoni steam tram line, electric trams was introduced under the operation of the Batavia Elektrische Tram Maatschappij (BETM, Batavia Electric Tram Company), making it a competitor to the NITM's steam tram. BETM began operation since the inauguration of Batavia Old Town–Ragunan Zoo line on 10 April 1899 which was extended to Tanah Abang Station in November 1899, but unfortunately the extension was closed in 1904. In 1900 BETM extended its tram network, reaching Jembatan Merah, Tanah Tinggi, and Gunung Sahari areas by crossing Ciliwung River. With the increasing number of years, BETM continued to expand its tram network until 1920, it marked with unhealthy competition between BETM and NITM. The competition caused ticket prices became too expensive that Batavia city government demanded NITM to upgrade its fleet to become electric-powered, but was refused by NITM itself.
As a result of the competition, the two began to impose transit tickets and special schedules during rush hour. On 31 July 1930 NITM and BTM were merged to form Bataviasche Verkeers Maatschappij (BVM, Batavia Transport Company). The merger combines 1 steam tram line, 2 trolleybus lines, and 7 bus routes operated by both NITM and BETM.
Under BVM, the tramways underwent significant changes. In former NITM routes, the electrification program was carried out from April 1933 to 1934. The electrification made the travel time from Batavia Old City to Jatinegara cut by 10 minutes. BVM experienced its peak in 1934, where it operating 5 electric tram lines with a total length of 41 kilometers.
The decline of the Batavia (Jakarta) tram began in 1935. As a result of Great Depression, BVM had financial problems, which its popularity was threatened by the emergence of other modes such as bemo and oplet. As a result of this financial constraint, the BVM bus service was closed and the company will only focus on the trolleybus service. The BVM bus service only reopened in 1941.
Post-Dutch era
In March 1942, the Dutch East Indies enter the Japanese occupation. The trams service managed by the BVM was taken over by the Japanese army and changed its name to the Nippon Batavia Tram Army. Then in June 1942 it was changed to Seibu Rikuyo Batavia Shiden, and then, Jakaruta Shiden (ジャカルタ市電, Jakarta Trams). Under the control of Jakaruta Shiden the Jakarta tram underwent overhaul, including abolishing the class system, dismissing BVM workers who were Dutch citizens, applying Japanese symbols on tram bodies, and doubling tracks on Gunung Sahari–Pal Putih line.
After Indonesian independence, Indonesians took over the Jakaruta Shiden system on 13 October 1945, and changed its name to the Djakarta-Kota Tram which in 1957 was nationalized as Pengangkutan Penumpang Djakarta (PPD, Djakarta Passenger Transport). Although it was taken over, PPD only operated the tram for some years and was abolished because it was deemed unsuitable for urban spatial planning.
Rolling stock
The list provide only steam-tram rolling stock of Batavia until the year 1924. The list is sorted by its year.
Gallery
See also
Transport in Jakarta
Trams in Surabaya, another former tram system in Indonesia
References
Cited works
Transport in Jakarta
1869 establishments in the Dutch East Indies
Jakarta
Tram transport in Indonesia | {'title': 'Trams in Jakarta', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20Jakarta', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Jaathi Malli () is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language film directed by K. Balachander starring Mukesh, Khushbu, Nassar, Vineeth and Yuvarani. The film was released on 14 January 1993, and won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film.
Plot
Sriranjini, a ghazal singer, visits a hill station to forget the murder of her mother who was very close to her. She meets Kesavan, who is a taxi driver. He shares his own pain regarding his father murdering his mother and siblings in a drunken rage. Horrified by this story, Sriranjini starts thinking less of her own loss. A situation arises that Sriranjini starts living in house as a paying guest and their relationship remains aloof in spite of mutual admiration.
They run into lovers Vineeth and Yuvarani who call themselves Moscow and Berlin. They are from different religions, Hinduism and Islam. It is not revealed as to who is Muslim and who is Hindu. They inform that they eloped as they wanted to defy their parents concept of marriage. The pesky lovers try to bring Sriranjini and Kesavan together. They also move into the house of Kesavan but are closer to Sriranjini who comes out of her depression regarding her mother's death.
Sriranjini later finds that Kesavan's story regarding his families fate is entirely fabricated and he hails from an affluent family. He confesses that he lied to make her understand that some people have bigger tragedies than what she saw in her life. He could not live with his family as they were having too many properties and inheritance fights and so, he decided to forfeit his inheritance entirely and lead a simple life as a taxi driver.
Later a rich North Indian man pays a lot of attention to Sriranjini and shows that he constantly listens to her music. Kesavan gets jealous of their constant chit chat in Hindi and regarding Ghazals and Sriranjini leaves the house after a fight. She finds that her patron almost keeps her in house arrest and expects her to be his mistress. Sriranjini wants to go back to Kesavan. The younger couple, Moscow and Berlin, try to help the older couple to get together.
When caught by the rioters, Moscow and Berlin ask the rioters to find their religion from their blood. The city is in strict curfew and they are injured in gunfire. They bring the older couple together before dying in each other's arms.
Cast
Mukesh as Kesavan
Khushbu as Sriranjini
Vineeth as Moscow
Yuvarani as Berlin
Madhan Bob as Sathyam
Vichithra as Savitri, Sathyam's wife
Dhamu as Dhamu
Nassar as Director Pazhani Bhaskaran
Rajesh Kumar as Reddy
H. Ramakrishnan as Dr. Sahasranamam
Delhi Ganesh as Vaidyanathan, Sahasranamam's brother
Kavithalaya Krishnan as compounder at Sahasranamam's clinic
Charle as Udhagai Murugan
K. S. Jayalakshmi as Aanandham, Sahasranamam's wife
Yuvashree as Rani, nurse at Sahasranamam's clinic
Production
Balachander approached T. Rajendar to portray a guest role in the film which he rejected. Khushbu's character was named Sriranjani, after the Carnatic raga of the same name. Part of the film's title serves as a double entendre; the full title refers to the jasmine flower, while jaathi also means caste.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by Maragadha Mani. All lyrics were written by Vairamuthu.
Release and reception
Jaathi Malli was released on 14 January 1993. Malini Mannath of The Indian Express called it "a total let down. The script just meanders with various subplots that gets linked whenever the director happens to remember each of them". C. R. K. of Kalki praised Balachander for making a film against caste riots but panned the cliched climax. Though the film was not a commercial success, it won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film.
References
External links
1990s Tamil-language films
1993 films
Films about singers
Films about terrorism in India
Films about the caste system in India
Films directed by K. Balachander
Films scored by M. M. Keeravani
Films with screenplays by K. Balachander | {'title': 'Jaathi Malli', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaathi%20Malli', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Ghosts is an American television sitcom adapted to American television for CBS by Joe Port and Joe Wiseman from the British series of the same name. Port & Wiseman serve as showrunners. The American series premiered on October 7, 2021. In October 2021, the series was picked up for a full season. In January 2022, the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on September 29, 2022. In January 2023, the series was renewed for a third season.
Premise
Married New Yorkers Samantha and Jay Arondekar believe that their dreams have come true when they inherit a beautiful country house from Sophie Woodstone, a distant relative of Sam's, only to find that it is falling apart and inhabited by ghosts who died on the mansion's grounds and are now bound to the area until they can reach the afterlife. Jay cannot see or hear the ghosts, but Sam can after a near-death experience.
Cast
Main
Living
Rose McIver as Samantha “Sam” Arondekar, a freelance journalist who, after an accident that leaves her dead for three minutes, revives with the ability to see and hear ghosts wherever she goes. She is based on Alison Cooper from the original British series.
Utkarsh Ambudkar as Jay Arondekar, Samantha's husband and a chef with many typically "nerdy" interests such as comic books, films, video games, and Dungeons & Dragons. He is based on Mike Cooper from the original British series.
Ghosts
Brandon Scott Jones as Captain Isaac Higgintoot, an initially closeted gay American Revolution officer who died of dysentery two weeks after the siege of Fort Ticonderoga and has been largely forgotten by history, making him immensely jealous of the more famous Alexander Hamilton. The living can smell a foul odor if he passes through them, and he begins a relationship with a British officer living in a shed on the property at the end of the first season. He is based mainly on the Captain in the original British series, while his ghost power is similar to that of Mary the witch trial victim.
Danielle Pinnock as Alberta Haynes, a flamboyant Prohibition-era Lounge singer who was murdered by drinking poisoned moonshine. Her humming can be heard by the living. She can also be heard by Alexa devices.
Richie Moriarty as Pete Martino, a cheerful, friendly, and polite but socially awkward travel agent, improv enthusiast, enjoyer of basketball, Dungeons and Dragons, and Stars Wars, and Pinecone Trooper leader of Italian descent who died in 1985 when one of his scouts accidentally shot him through the neck with an arrow. He has an unrequited romantic interest in Alberta, and Jay considers him his best friend despite being unable to perceive his presence. He is based on Pat Butcher in the original British series.
Asher Grodman as Trevor Lefkowitz, the most recently deceased of the ghosts, a wealthy, hard-partying business executive and Wall Street investor of Jewish ancestry who died in 2000 from a heart attack, caused by an accidental drug overdose, while not wearing pants. He can physically interact with the corporeal world to a limited degree if he concentrates hard enough. He is based on Julian Fawcett MP in the original British series.
Sheila Carrasco as Susan Montero/"Flower", a cheerful and sweet but naive and forgetful hippie who lived in both a commune and a cult in the 1960s. She was mauled to death by a bear she tried to hug while under the influence of drugs. She can put a living person into a hallucinogenic high if she passes through them and likes being part of throuples.
Devan Chandler Long as Thorfinn/"Thor", an aggressive, often overly dramatic Viking and the oldest of the ghosts, who set out on an expedition to North America over 1,000 years ago but was abandoned by his shipmates and died from a lightning strike. He has the ability to manipulate electricity and enjoys combat, especially against Danes; watching TV; and talking about his favorite foods, particularly cod. He has a son named Bjorn, now a ghost on an adjacent property, who married a Danish woman. He is based on Robin the caveman in the original British series.
Rebecca Wisocky as Hetty Woodstone, the uptight lady of the manor, Sam's great-great-great-great-aunt, and wife of the original owner of the Woodstone country estate. She takes pride in being wealthy and looks down her nose on the working class and anyone Irish. Her husband cheated on her in life with many different women. She is based on Lady Fanny Button in the original British series.
Román Zaragoza as Sasappis/"Sas", a cynical Lenape Native American, who often serves as the voice of reason for the other ghosts. He enjoys storytelling, stirring up drama, watching TV, and smelling all sorts of food, especially pizza, prepared by the living.
Recurring
Ghosts
Matt Keyes as the headless body of Crash, a 1950s-era greaser ghost who was decapitated. The character has so far only appeared in "Pilot", "Halloween", and "Trevor's Pants", but CBS has suggested he may return in future episodes. He is based on Sir Humphrey Bone in the British version; however, unlike Humphrey, whose head is always present in each appearance, Crash's head (played by Hudson Thames) has only been seen in some early promotions for the series.
The cholera victim ghosts: an indeterminate number of ghosts who died during a 19th-century cholera outbreak. Although they can go upstairs if they wish, their sickly appearances disturb the upstairs ghosts, so they spend all their time in the basement and are experts on the house's heating system. They are based on the Plague ghosts in the British version.
Betsy Sodaro as Cholera Victim Nancy who becomes Pete's fake girlfriend and lives upstairs briefly.
Stuart Fink as Cholera Victim Stuart
Arthur Holden as Cholera Victim Creepy Dirk. When the ghosts decide to elect a representative to petition Sam rather than make requests individually, Creepy Dirk wins after Isaac's attempt to garner their support for his candidacy. He briefly holds the position after Sam rejects the arrangement.
Cody Crain as Cholera Victim Cody
Nigel Downer as Cholera Victim Nigel
Cat Lemieux as Cholera Victim Catherine
The British Revolutionary ghosts: three ghosts who died in the Revolutionary War and occupy the shed on the property that used to be a barracks, as was agreed upon with Isaac after the war ended. They keep mostly to themselves and come up to the main house to redraw the border lines every few years.
John Hartman as Nigel Chessum, the leader of the trio, whom Isaac accidentally shot. They have had secret romantic feelings for one another since they were alive, and they begin a relationship at the end of the first season.
Chad Andrews as Baxter, Nigel's subordinate who plays a fife.
Christian Daoust as Jenkins, Nigel's subordinate who possesses a musket. He and Nigel had a physical relationship before Nigel and Isaac started dating (and "liasoned" once more while Isaac and Nigel were "on a respite".)
Crystle Lightning as Shiki, a Lenape woman on whom Sasappis had a crush in life. As a ghost, she is bound to the land occupied by a local magazine's publishing office, so Sam and Jay help her establish a long-distance relationship with Sas.
Lindsey Broad as Judy, Henry Farnsby's deceased mother, who now haunts their home.
Christian Jadah as Bjorn, Thorfinn's son, who married a Danish woman and had three children, travelled to find his father, and now haunts the Farnsbys' property, having died at about the same age as Thor. Sam helps him reconnect with his father by having them shout to each other through the windows.
Nichole Sakura as Jessica, a permanently drunk ghost who died in a car crash while driving under the influence of alcohol and is now bound to a small perimeter around her former car, enabling her to travel more freely than other ghosts can.
Living
Tristan D. Lalla as Mark, a construction worker involved in renovating Woodstone Manor for Sam and Jay.
Rodrigo Fernandez-Stoll as Todd Pearlman, an obsessive fan of Alberta's who operates a "museum" dedicated to her out of his mother's garage.
Punam Patel as Bela, Jay's sister who gets catfished by Trevor. Sam tells her the truth about her talking to ghosts, and while Bela is at first skeptical, Sam is able to convince her with the help of the ghosts. She later returns in "The Christmas Spirit", trying to get Trevor to possess her friend Eric.
Mark Linn-Baker and Kathryn Greenwood as Henry and Margaret Farnsby, Sam and Jay's neighbors who promise to support their permit applications for their renovations. It is later revealed that they are swingers. They are based on the neighbour's Barclay Beg-Chetwynde and his wife Bunny in the British version.
Punkie Johnson and Carolyn Taylor as June and Ally, Sam and Jay's neighbors who run an organic farm called "Cover Crop Farms".
Mike Lane as Freddy, a deliveryman hired as an assistant at the Arondekars' B&B.
Guests
Caroline Aaron as Carol, Pete's wife who cheated on him when he was alive.
Tara Spencer-Nairn as Young Carol
Rachael Harris as Sheryl, Sam's mother, who she sees as a ghost at the restaurant where she died. After she and Sam make peace with each other, she moves on to the afterlife.
Matt Walsh as Elias Woodstone, Hetty's husband, who was trapped in a ghost proof vault. He has the power to make people sexually aroused when he walks through them. After he rants about becoming a permanent nuisance and refusing to change himself, he is seemingly sent to Hell.
Gregory Zaragoza as Naxasi, Sass's father, who tried to convince him not to be a storyteller.
Odessa A'zion as Stephanie, a teenage ghost who was murdered on her prom night by a chainsaw killer in 1987. She sleeps in the attic for months at a time, as extended sleep periods are common for ghosts who die in their teens, and wakes up around the day of her prom night each year.
Drew Tarver as Micah, a charismatic cult leader who attempts to manipulate Jay into joining his group so they can move into the mansion.
Hannah Rose May as Molly, an Irish maid with whom Elias had an affair when they were alive. She is brought back from the afterlife briefly through a seance.
Dallas Goldtooth as Bob, a Lenape man from the Hudson Valley Lenape Culture Center. He corrects the information Sass has given the group about the ancient tree on their land and teaches them about land acknowledgements, and Sass admires his work.
Kelly Craig as Olga, Thorfinn's wife and Bjorn's mother.
Mathew Baynton as an actor starring in a reconstruction of Pete's death.
Rose Abdoo as Paula, the producer of "Dumb Deaths".
Dana Gourrier as Jennifer, a woman who was one of Pete's scout troops that witnessed his death.
Kaliko Kauahi as a liquor license inspector.
Neil Crone as Benjamin Franklin, an American Founding Father and a member of the Freemasons, with whom Isaac tried to build a good reputation so he could join the secret society.
Andrew Leeds as Eric, Bela's new boyfriend.
Hillary Anne Matthews as Beatrice, Isaac's wife, who knew about his sexuality but cared deeply for him regardless.
Tara Reid as herself attending Trevor's memorial at Woodstone Manor.
Episodes
Series overview
Season 1 (2021–22)
Season 2 (2022–23)
Production
Development
On November 29, 2019, CBS announced that they were developing an adaptation of the BBC One series Ghosts. The original British series upon which the series is based was created by Mathew Baynton, Simon Farnaby, Martha Howe-Douglas, Jim Howick, Laurence Rickard, and Ben Willbond for BBC. On February 4, 2020, it was announced that the pilot had been picked up by CBS Studios and was co-produced with BBC Studios and Lionsgate Television. On March 31, 2021, it was announced that the adaptation has been picked up for a full series. In July 2021, it was announced that the series would premiere as a Thursday-night entry on October 7, 2021. On September 23, 2021, CBS changed the premiere to back-to-back episodes. On October 21, 2021, CBS picked up the series for a full season. On December 17, 2021, it was reported that production has been temporarily halted due to a positive case of COVID-19 on the set of the series. On January 24, 2022, CBS renewed the series for a second season which premiered on September 29, 2022. On November 8, 2022, it was announced that the BBC would be airing Ghosts in the United Kingdom under the name of 'Ghosts US' on BBC Three & BBC iPlayer on November 20, 2022. On January 12, 2023, CBS renewed the series for a third season.
Casting
On March 4, 2020, Rose McIver was cast in a leading role for the pilot. On July 1, 2020, Utkarsh Ambudkar was cast in a main role for the pilot. On December 9, 2020, Brandon Scott Jones, Richie Moriarty, Asher Grodman, Rebecca Wisocky, Sheila Carrasco, Danielle Pinnock and Roman Zaragoza were cast in main roles for the pilot. On May 12, 2021, Devan Chandler Long joined the cast as a series regular.
Reception
Critical response
For the first season, the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating with an average rating of 7.3/10, based on 27 critic reviews. The website's critics consensus reads, "Ghosts could stand to ask more of its characters, but an excellent ensemble and a genial wit make for easy, softly spooky viewing." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 69 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season has received an approval rating of 100% with an average rating of 7/10, based on seven critic reviews.
Ratings
Season 1
Season 2
Accolades
The first season was recognized with The ReFrame Stamp for hiring people of underrepresented gender identities, and of color.
Notes
References
External links
2020s American single-camera sitcoms
2020s American supernatural television series
2021 American television series debuts
American television series based on British television series
CBS original programming
English-language television shows
Fiction about near-death experiences
Television series about ghosts
Television series about marriage
Television series by BBC Studios
Television series by CBS Studios
Television series by Lionsgate Television
Television shows about psychic powers
Television shows set in New York City
Works set in country houses | {'title': 'Ghosts (American TV series)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosts%20%28American%20TV%20series%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Maheish Girri is an Indian social activist and politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and currently the National Secretary of the party. He was a Member of Parliament from the East Delhi Lok Sabha constituency.
Girri is an Art of Living faculty and a former International Director of the Art of Living Foundation. He is also the founder of the NGO Navbharat Sewa Samiti. He quit the India Against Corruption movement over differences with Arvind Kejriwal, and subsequently joined BJP, winning the 2014 General Elections from East Delhi.
Early life
Maheish Girri was born and brought up in Nashik. According to him, he left his home at the age of 17, after being drawn to spirituality. In 1999, he became a Peethadeesh (head of a peeth) in Junagadh, Gujarat. Subsequently, he met Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, and became an Art of Living teacher.
Social activism
In 2009, he launched the Mantranaad movement aimed at creating a "Corruption free, Terrorism free India". In 2010, as an Art of Living leader, he launched the organization's Meri Delhi, Meri Yamuna ("My Delhi, My Yamuna") campaign to clean up the Yamuna river. In 2010, he led the "Clean Delhi" movement ahead of the Commonwealth Games. He has also helped organize over 108 medical camps and 151 free eye-and-ear check-up camps across slums of East Delhi.
Politics
In 2011, Girri joined India Against Corruption movement, but quit it after complaining about Arvind Kejriwal's "autocratic ways". Subsequently, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was a Member of Parliament for the Bhartiya Janata Party in 16th Lok Sabha from the East Delhi constituency.
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi
India MPs 2014–2019
Lok Sabha members from Delhi
People from Nashik
People from East Delhi district | {'title': 'Maheish Girri', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maheish%20Girri', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Matthew Leishman (27 April 1794 – 8 August 1874) was a Scottish minister. He served as minister of Govan Old Parish Church for 53 years, during which he served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1858.
Life
He was born in Paisley on 27 April 1794. He was the second son of Janet Robertson Foxbar and her husband, Thomas Leishman (born 1762), corn merchant. His mother was said to be a great beauty. He was educated at Paisley Grammar School. He then studied Arts at Glasgow College. He did well and won the “Black Stone Prize”. In 1812 he then went to the University of Edinburgh to study divinity.
As a student he lodged at 5 St James Street in the eastern New Town. During his time as a divinity student, he was introduced by his friend John Paul to his uncle Henry Moncrieff, a man of great standing in the Church of Scotland. He also became a common attendee at the Tron Kirk on the Royal Mile, then under the ministry of Alexander Brunton.
Leishman graduated in 1816 and returned home to Paisley, where in 1814 his father had acquired a new house: Oakshaw House in Paisley. He then waited for a church to minister. In 1817 he was offered a church in Demerara in the West Indies but declined, hoping for a Scottish church. During this period of leisure, in 1818 he took a Leith smack to London to visit a cousin Captain Allan at Northampton Square. During the visit he was introduced to the cameoist, William Tassie. During the visit he heard Henry Brougham speaking at the House of Commons, heard the Bishop of Llandaff preach at the Magdalene Chapel, saw Queen Charlotte pass to a roaring crowd, and saw Edmund Kean play Norval in the Scottish play “Douglas” at the Drury Lane Theatre.
After a busy time in London, he travelled to Dover and took a boat to France. He found anti-British feelings still running high. He continued on to Belgium, where he visited Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp. The highlight of the Belgian tour was visiting the Waterloo battlefield. His group then went to Paris, which he described as a life-changing event.
Returning home late in 1818, he took temporary charge of a church in Renfrew but still sought a permanent charge. Under the Church Patronage Act, connection to a church without a patron was a slow and uncertain process. William Muir of St Stephens Church in Edinburgh recommended him for the church in Dreghorn, but the post was spoken for by Lord Gillies for his nephew, and this patronage usurped his own hopes.
Leishman was a strong supporter of Catholic emancipation during this period (Scotland did not recognise the Catholic church following the Reformation and only acknowledged the church again in 1822). In 1820 he also describes the Paisley Bread Riots. In the spring of 1820, Thomas Leishman, Matthew’s father, paid 2,100 Scots pounds to acquire the patronage of Govan. This was aided by a letter from Henry Moncrieff and finally agreed in September 1820.
In March 1821 he formally became minister of Govan Old Parish Church (previously called the Church of St Constantine), succeeding John Macleod. He remained in this role until his death in 1874 a remarkable 53 years service.
He died on 8 August 1874 in Govan manse, and was buried on 14 August. His wife died 3 weeks later and was buried with him. The Abolition of Church Patronage Act, for which he had campaigned, was passed on the following day.
Family
In June 1821 he was best man at the wedding of Charles Watson (an old friend) to Isabella Boog at Burntisland. The couple were later parents to Robert Boog Watson. Here he met Jane Elisabeth Boog (1803–1874), who was cousin of the bride and one of the bridesmaids. They married on 13 July 1824 in Burntisland.
Their son was Thomas Leishman, and his daughter Isabella Agatha Leishman married David Williamson Runciman and died in the manse at Fossoway. He was cousin to John Wilson aka Christopher North and James Wilson and they spent their youth together in Paisley.
His grandson, James Fleming Leishman of Linton, wrote his biography.
References
1794 births
1874 deaths
Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
People from Govan
19th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland | {'title': 'Matthew Leishman', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Leishman', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Mir Khasim Ali born in Hyderabad, A.P. was India's Men's Singles Champion in table tennis from 1968 to 1969. He was awarded the Arjuna award.
Career
Ali began playing table tennis in 1960 at the age of 11. He was the National Junior Champion in 1963, the National Senior Champion in 1968 and 1969, runner-up in the Commonwealth Championships of the Afro-Asian Championships in 1971 and a member of the Indian T.T. team from 1966 to 1973.
His first trip abroad representing India was to East Africa in 1966. Also in 1966 in Sri Lanka (Ceylon as it was then called) where the South Zone Inter-University Championships were held. Khasim represented Osmania University, which lost in the finals to Bombay University, thanks to U.S. Gurjar who pulled off an upset win over Khasim.
Gurjar repeated the feat in the Madras Nationals in December 1966. He was National Champion in 1968 and 1969 and runner-up in 1970. In 1971 he met Zhou Enlai and was present during the Ping Pong Diplomacy between China and the United States. During his heyday, Andhra Pradesh reached the finals of the National team events on nine occasions, winning the title once, and until 1973 he was an automatic choice in the Indian team.
External links
V. BALAJI - Souvenir of the Mir Khasim Ali Table Tennis Benefit Tournament, April 1985, by Iqbal Ali
Khasim
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Mir Khasim Ali', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir%20Khasim%20Ali', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act () is a federal law in the United States aimed at protecting consumers from telemarketing deception and abuse. The act is enforced by the Federal Trade Commission. The act expanded controls over telemarketing and gave more control to prescribe rules to the Federal Trade Commission. After the passage of the act, the Federal Trade Commission is required to (1) define and prohibit deceptive telemarketing practices; (2) keep telemarketers from practices a reasonable consumer would see as being coercive or invasions of privacy; (3) set restrictions on the time of day and night that unsolicited calls can be made to consumers; (4) to require the nature of the call to be disclosed at the start of any unsolicited call that is made with the purpose of trying to sell something.
Background
The Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act was deemed necessary in an advancing world. With the new waves of telemarketing and digital data Congress found that there are unique differences in telemarketing that deem new rules and regulations necessary.
Congressional Findings
It was determined that Telemarketing is different from other sales activities due to the fact that sales activities can be carried out by sellers across state lines without direct contact with the consumer. Telemarketers also can be very mobile, easily moving from state to state. With this being stated it is easy to see how there has been a rise in telemarketing fraud, which was found to be of such a magnitude that the Federal Trade Commission needed more resources to deal with it. There was found to be an estimated $40 billion a year lost to telemarketing fraud, and that consumers are victimized by non-monetary forms of telemarketing fraud as well. It was concluded that Congress should enact legislation to offer consumers protection from these telemarketing threats.
Enforcement and Challenges
As part of complying with the act the Federal Trade Commission put new provisions on telemarketing. These new regulations include the Do Not Call (DNC) provisions and the Telemarketing Sales Rule (TSR). However, with the establishment of these provisions, companies objected to it and some filed suits arguing their rights as a business were being infringed upon. While the 10th circuit court ruled in favor of industry in regards to rules on customer proprietary network information earlier making it seem as though industry was going to win all consumer data cases; when industry objected to the DNC the court ruled in favor of the government stating that the Federal Trade Commission has a right to make and enforce the DNC provision.
In April 2018, a divided panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit found that the FTC had not violated the Administrative Procedure Act when it issued a 2016 staff letter reversing the conclusion of a 2009 staff letter that had found use of soundboard technology did not violated the act.
References
External links
Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act entry in FTC Legal Library
As codified in 15 U.S.C. chapter 87 of the United States Code from the LII
As codified in 15 U.S.C. chapter 87 of the United States Code from the US House of Representatives
Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act (PDF/details) as amended in the GPO Statute Compilations collection
Summaries for the Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act, Library of Congress, (1994)
Privacy Law: Positive Theory and Normative Practice; Anita L. Allen; 2013
Q&A for Telemarketers & Sellers About DNC Provisions in TSR; Federal Trade Commission
United States federal communications legislation
Telemarketing
United States federal commerce legislation
103rd United States Congress | {'title': 'Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemarketing%20and%20Consumer%20Fraud%20and%20Abuse%20Prevention%20Act', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The ancient Egyptian Incense burner: arm is a horizontal hieroglyph representing various types of horizontal tools used to offer, and burn incense. In tomb scenes it is often shown with an attached small box, or cup region, for holding incense, located on the upper surface; the offering individual is sometimes holding a grain-pellet of incense, with lines of incense, or connected grains-in-a-line equal to wafting smoke.
Incense was used from the beginning dynasties of Ancient Egypt.
The horizontal incense burner is a determinative in Egyptian language k3p, for "incense, to make smoke". The phonetic value of the hieroglyph is kp.
Incense burner: pot
The other common type of hieroglyph for the burning of incense, is a small pot, with a flame, flickering from the top surface, "Incense burner: pot with smoke". The censer pot has one major usage in front of the feet of the "Soul" bird, the Ibis, :R7-G25 but is also replaced in rare instances with a meteor hieroglyph, :D12-G25, (not Gardiner listed).
See also
Incense burner: pot (hieroglyph)
Gardiner's Sign List#R. Temple Furniture and Sacred Emblems
List of Egyptian hieroglyphs
References
Betrò, Maria Carmela. Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt, c. 1995, 1996-(English), Abbeville Press Publishers, New York, London, Paris (hardcover, )
Egyptian hieroglyphs: temple furniture and emblems
Incense equipment | {'title': 'Incense burner: arm (hieroglyph)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense%20burner%3A%20arm%20%28hieroglyph%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Garry Ryan is a Canadian writer. Best known for his Detective Lane series of mystery novels, he has also published works of historical fiction.
Ryan studied education at the University of Calgary, and worked for over 30 years as a teacher in Calgary, Alberta's public school system. He retired from teaching in 2009. Although heterosexual, Ryan was inspired to make Detective Lane, the lead character in his mystery novels, gay after witnessing the discrimination and bullying that two of his students faced after coming out as gay.
He has published ten Detective Lane novels to date. His novel The Lucky Elephant Restaurant won a Lambda Literary Award in the Gay Mystery category at the 19th Lambda Literary Awards in 2007.[3] In 2009, Ryan was awarded Calgary's Freedom of Expression Award.
He was a nominee for Smoked at the 23rd Lambda Literary Awards in 2011, for Malabarista at the 24th Lambda Literary Awards in 2012 and for Foxed at the 26th Lambda Literary Awards in 2014.
Ryan has also published two novels to date in his Blackbirds series, a historical trilogy about Sharon Lacey, a female aviator serving in the Air Transport Auxiliary during World War II.
Ryan teamed with Pages Books on Kensington to publish Corporation's First Annual Sausage Festival - (2018 - )
Works
Detective Lane Mysteries
Queen's Park (2004, )
The Lucky Elephant Restaurant (2006, )
A Hummingbird Dance (2008, )
Smoked (2010, )
Malabarista (2011, )
Foxed (2013, )
Glycerine (2014, )
Indiana Pulcinella (2016, )
Matanzas - (2017- )
Sea of Cortez - (2018 - )
Blackbirds Trilogy
Blackbirds (2012, )
Two Blackbirds (2014, )
Pages Books
Corporation’s First Annual Sausage Festival (2018 - )
References
External links
Garry Ryan
Canadian male novelists
Canadian mystery writers
Canadian historical novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
Writers from Calgary
Lambda Literary Award winners
Living people
University of Calgary alumni
21st-century Canadian male writers
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Garry Ryan', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry%20Ryan', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Terminal Skypark Komuter station is a newly completed KTM Komuter limited express station located in Subang, Selangor, Malaysia. It was opened on 1 May 2018.
The station serves the Subang Skypark Terminal (Terminal 3) of the Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport, providing the airport with a rail connection to Kuala Lumpur and the rest of Klang Valley.
The station is the terminus of the , which shares tracks with the Port Klang Line between KL Sentral station and Subang Jaya station before branching off towards the airport.
Location
The station is located immediately across the Subang Airport Highway from Subang Skypark. An open-air car park sits directly in front of the station. Passengers going from the airport building to the station were required to cross a pedestrian bridge and walk through a portion of the car park.
Layout
In contrast to most KTM Komuter stations which are on ground level, Terminal Skypark station is elevated; the ticketing counter and control facilities are on ground level but the train platforms are one floor above ground. This, as well as the Sungai Gadut station, are the only 2 elevated stations in the Komuter system.
Toilets and a surau are available on the ground floor.
The station has two side platforms along two railway tracks. Platform 1 is for trains terminating at the station, while Platform 2 is for trains heading towards Subang Jaya and KL Sentral.
Feeder buses
Since 9 June 2022 buses now stop in front of the station entrance.
Gallery
Station
Skypark Terminal linkway
References
Petaling District
Railway stations in Selangor
Port Klang Line
Railway stations opened in 2018
Airport railway stations in Malaysia | {'title': 'Terminal Skypark Komuter station', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal%20Skypark%20Komuter%20station', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 1921 APFA season was the second season of the American Professional Football Association, which was renamed the National Football League in 1922.
At the league meeting in Akron, Ohio on April 30 prior to the season, the Association was reorganized, with Joe Carr of the Columbus Panhandles named as president. The Association's headquarters was moved to Columbus, Ohio, and a league constitution and by-laws were drafted, giving teams territorial rights, restricting player movements, and developing membership criteria for the franchises.
The league would play under the rules of college football, and official standings were issued for the first time so that there would be a clear champion: the most notable change was that only games played against league teams would count toward the standings, which had the dual effect of both encouraging independent teams (such as those from the Ohio League and the NYPFL) to join, and also causing those that did not join to fold within a few years, as NFL teams, particularly those competing for a championship, would be much less willing to play what were effectively exhibition games against teams that would not help them in the standings.
However, a number of teams had financial difficulties: some of the teams that played during the previous season, including the Chicago Tigers, had disbanded. The Association did increase to 21 teams, but four of the new teams (Brickley's New York Giants, the Cincinnati Celts, the Tonawanda Kardex, and the Washington Senators) only lasted a single season. New York and Tonawanda were particularly short-lived: New York lasted two games in the league, and Tonawanda a league-record one game, before leaving or folding. The Muncie Flyers also disbanded after the season, and even though the Cleveland Tigers changed their name to the Cleveland Indians, it still did not save them from folding after the season as well.
At one point, the Professional Football Researchers Association recognized a team by the name of the Syracuse Pros as joining and leaving the league in 1921; however, the league has not recognized the claim, and the PFRA has dropped this assertion in more recent years. The Syracuse professional team in question, which had never used the name "Pros", did intend to play at least seven games against APFA teams, but only played three, and there is no record of the league ever admitting the team into the league or of the team leaving the league. The only word of the Syracuse team joining the league came from the team itself.
The other new teams were the Evansville Crimson Giants, the Green Bay Packers, the Minneapolis Marines, and the Louisville Brecks. The Detroit Heralds became the Detroit Tigers, but folded mid-season, and its roster was absorbed by the Buffalo All-Americans.
After the season, the Packers were suspended following their admission to using Notre Dame players during the season, who had played under assumed names. Green Bay would return to the NFL a year later as a new franchise.
The Staleys, who had moved from Decatur, Illinois, to Chicago before the season, were named the APFA Champions over the Buffalo All-Americans.
Teams
The number of APFA teams increased from 14 during the previous season to 21 in 1921.
De facto championship game
The Chicago Staleys (to be renamed the Chicago Bears after the end of the season), led by wide receiver George Halas, and the Buffalo All-Americans, led by quarterback Tommy Hughitt, were the two top teams in the league; each playing all of their games at home, Buffalo and Chicago amassed 6–0 records in league play. On Thanksgiving 1921, Buffalo played one of its only road games of the season, in Chicago, and prevailed 7–6. Chicago demanded a rematch.
The All-Americans agreed to rematch the Staleys on December 4, again in Chicago, on the condition that the game would be considered a "post-season" exhibition game not to be counted in the standings; had it not, Buffalo would have had an undefeated season and won the title. (Buffalo had played, and defeated, the Akron Pros just one day prior.) This was a fairly common custom of the time; both New York and Ohio's pre-NFL circuits put their marquee games on Thanksgiving weekend and cleaned up with mostly token opposition in the following weeks. Chicago defeated Buffalo in the rematch by a score of 10–7. Halas rebutted that the second game was played on December 4 (well before teams in Illinois typically stopped playing games in those days), and the Staleys played two more games against top opponents, the Canton Bulldogs and Racine Cardinals after the second Buffalo game (though, at the time of the Buffalo-Chicago matchup, Chicago had played three fewer games than Buffalo).
The league counted the All-Americans game in the standings, against Buffalo's wishes, resulting in Buffalo (9–1–2) and Chicago (9–1–1) being tied atop the standings. The league then implemented the first ever tiebreaker: a rule, now considered archaic and removed from league rulebooks, that stated if two teams played multiple times in a season, the last game between the two teams carried more weight. Thus, the Chicago victory actually counted more in the standings, giving Chicago the championship. Buffalo sports fans have been known to refer to this, justly or unjustly, as the "Staley Swindle," and have cited it as the first evidence of a sports curse on the city.
Had the current (post-1972) system of counting ties as half a win and half a loss been in place in 1921, the Staleys would have won the championship with a win percentage of .864, while the All-Americans would have finished second with .833. If the above game was excluded as per Buffalo's wishes, the All-Americans would have won with .909, and the Staleys would have finished second with .850.
Standings
References
NFL Record and Fact Book ()
NFL History 1921–1930 (Last accessed December 4, 2005)
Total Football: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League ()
1921 | {'title': '1921 APFA season', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921%20APFA%20season', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Oh! Heavenly Dog is a 1980 American fantasy comedy film written by Rod Browning and stars Benjean, billed here as Benji (she was the daughter of Higgins, who originated the role of Benji), Chevy Chase, Jane Seymour, and Omar Sharif. The film was directed by Joe Camp and released by 20th Century Fox.
It was the third film in the Benji series.
Plot
On a rainy day in London, private investigator Benjamin Browning (Chevy Chase) accepts a ride from his friend, Freddie (Alan Sues), who is a dangerous driver. As Freddie drops Benjamin near his office, the investigator collides on the street with writer Jackie Howard (Jane Seymour). When Benjamin asks her for a date, she tells him to contact her upon her return from Paris. Back at his office, Benjamin's secretary, Margaret (Barbara Leigh-Hunt), leaves for lunch, and a stranger named Quimby Charles (Richard Vernon), claiming to be a member of Parliament, proposes to hire Benjamin as a bodyguard for a friend, Mrs. Patricia Elliot (Marguerite Corriveau). Benjamin is uncertain, but Quimby offers a great deal of money. Benjamin accepts the assignment and goes to visit Patricia at her flat, where he discovers the door unlocked. As he searches the residence, decorated with artwork, he discovers Patricia dead on the bedroom floor, bleeding from a knife wound. Suddenly, an intruder fatally stabs Benjamin, steals Patricia's gold pendant and leaves.
In the afterlife, Benjamin awakens at an "intermediate destination evaluation facility", where a counselor named Mr. Higgins (Stuart Germain) informs Benjamin of his death. Before Benjamin can enter heaven or hell, he must complete an assignment that requires him to return to life to solve his own murder. Seeing a front-page newspaper story about the crime, Benjamin realizes that a man impersonated Quimby. Benjamin soon learns, much to his annoyance, that he will return to life in a dog's body. As Browning the dog, Benjamin lands in Paris and hitches a ride in Jackie's car.
In London, he searches for his killer, and is thrown out of Carlton Court, the building where he was murdered. Behind the hotel, Benjamin converses with Freddie, who has been reincarnated as a cat after being killed in a car accident. Freddie directs him to Patricia's flat, where he wanders around, searching for clues, while Malcolm Bart (Omar Sharif), the man who pretended to be Quimby, watches from a closet. Browning notices a telephone number in Patricia's calendar, marked on the day before he died. Using a pencil to dial a rotary phone, Browning discovers the phone number is the Needham Gallery. Soon, Browning sees Jackie in a conversation with the building manager. When the manager threatens to notify Scotland Yard about the dog, Browning disappears. As Margaret cleans out Benjamin's office, Browning appears. Jackie arrives, wanting to interview Margaret about the crime for a book she is writing. Margaret shows Jackie a photograph of Benjamin; and the writer realizes that she met him the day he was killed. Meanwhile, Jackie mentions that she lives at the Stanley Towers, and later, Browning follows her there. Jackie interviews Quimby at Scotland Yard, who insists on access to her research, which he hopes will clear his name as a suspect. Jackie soon visits the Needham Gallery, and leaves Browning in her parked car. There, she meets Montanero, an artist whose work Patricia often used in her interior design work, and Jackie invites him to her flat for dinner. Jackie is introduced to Alistair Becket (John Stride), an up-and-coming candidate for prime minister, who shows great interest in her book. Browning searches the gallery, and soon sees Jackie talking to Bart, the killer. At the sight of the dog on Jackie's lap, Bart becomes nervous and leaves. Browning wiggles free from Jackie's grasp and follows Bart.
Jackie later asks for Patricia's client list, but her building manager refuses. Later still, Jackie interviews Becket, and asks his help to gain access to Patricia's flat. He then summons Bart, his assistant. While the men talk with Jackie, a painting of the Swiss Alps hanging in Becket's office reminds Browning that Patricia vacationed there, and he suspects a connection. Later in Patricia's flat, Browning sees Bart remove evidence. Suddenly, Mr. Higgins appears, and temporarily switches the dog back to his human form to warn him that a mistake was made. His dog body will expire sooner than expected, and he will have to leave before he solves his murder. Benjamin protests, and says he will not leave before the crime is solved.
Meanwhile, Becket alerts Jackie that her dog was found by building security, and is being held in Bart's office. Browning sees a calendar entry on Bart's desk, noting Becket's birthday and a street address. When Jackie notices the entry, she wishes Becket a happy birthday. However, he says that his birthday is 3 March not October, and casually invites her to lunch. Browning soon investigates the address, which is a post office, and decides to search postal box no. thirty-three, based on the numerals of Becket's birthday. Browning grabs a letter out of the box and escapes. At Jackie's apartment, Browning rips open the envelope to find Patricia's pendant with the word "ALP" stamped on the back. Upon realizing the letters stand for "Alistair loves Patricia", Browning searches Jackie's police photographs and notices that Patricia was no longer wearing the pendent. He deduces that Patricia became a political liability for the married Becket once he intended to run for prime minister, and she became engaged to his rival, Quimby. Therefore, Becket and Bart schemed to get rid of her. Browning grabs the pendent in his mouth and heads to Jackie's lunch. However, Bart chases him until Browning runs into an alley. There, Browning transforms into human form, and Mr. Higgins appears, saying Benjamin's time on Earth is over. Bart is shaken to see Benjamin, and leaves after the dog is nowhere to be found.
Meanwhile, Benjamin will not cooperate with Higgins, and shows up at the restaurant as Browning with the pendant in his mouth. Becket grabs the pendant away from Jackie, and accuses her of derailing his plan to become prime minister. Browning turns on Jackie's tape recorder just as Becket confesses his love for Patricia. When Jackie accuses Becket of murder, Bart appears and confesses to the crime. After twelve years preparing Becket to become prime minister, Bart did not want Patricia to ruin their political ambitions. Bart is arrested when he tries to shoot Browning but accidentally hits Jackie instead as she sacrifices herself to protect the dog. Although, Browning is miserable over Jackie's death, he is overjoyed to be reunited with her when she returns to Earth as a cat.
Cast
Production
Chase later said Camp "came to me with a script that I thought was very funny. I said yes, did it and left after six weeks."
The film was shot in London, Paris and Montreal. Because of England's quarantine laws – which required dogs to be in quarantine for six months – the scenes with Benji were shot in Montreal's old city.
Chase says after he left Camp "shot the rest of the scenes with the dog and changed all the lines. I had to come back, go onto the looping stage and loop completely different dialogue than I had read in the script. It was very infuriating; I was so upset that to this day I have never actually seen the movie."
Behind the scenes
Outtakes and behind-the-scenes footage from this film were used in making the short feature Benji at Work (1980), a 30-minute documentary about the career of Benjean as a dog actor.
Reception
In his one star review, critic Roger Ebert stated it was not nearly as funny as the Saturday Night Live ads it could have inspired, calling it a "total miscalculation from beginning to end". Janet Maslin called it a film that "Shows few signs of life, and many signs of depressing modernism".
See also
You Never Can Tell (1951 film)
Fluke (1995 film)
Quigley (2003 film)
A Dog's Purpose (2017 film)
References
External links
1980 films
1980s crime comedy films
1980s fantasy comedy films
American crime comedy films
American detective films
American fantasy comedy films
Benji
Films about dogs
Films about the afterlife
Films about reincarnation
Films directed by Joe Camp
Films scored by Euel Box
Films set in London
Resurrection in film
20th Century Fox films
1980 comedy films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films | {'title': 'Oh! Heavenly Dog', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh%21%20Heavenly%20Dog', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Saniya Shamshad is a Pakistan actress and model. She is known for her roles in dramas Piyari Bittu, Hiddat, Piya Naam Ka Diya, Rishtay Biktay Hain, Aseerzadi, Main Haar Nahi Manoun Gi, Sadqay Tumhare and Siyani.
Early life
Saniya was born in 1990 on October 5 in Lahore, Pakistan. She completed her primary schooling from Stigma Foundation and then she completed her studies from Punjab College.
Career
She studied political science and sociology, during her studies Waseem Abbas noticed her potential in acting and cast her, then she made her acting debut in 2011 in drama Tere Pehlu Main opposite Affan Waheed. She appeared in dramas Aseerzadi, Mere Huzoor, Maya, Chhoti Chhoti Khushiyaan, Mein Adhuri, Mera Saaein 2, Bus Yunhi, and Ghaao. Then she also appeared in dramas Zinda Dargor, Rashk, Agar Tum Na Hotay, Piyari Bittu, Daraar, Main Deewani and Sadqay Tumhare. Since then she appeared in dramas Piya Naam Ka Diya, Lagaao, Dastaar-e-Anaa, Rehaai, Main Haar Nahi Manoun Gi, Khidmat Guzar, Hiddat and Siyani.
Personal life
Saniya married Hidayat Syed in July 2019 and moved to Australia and they have one child together a son.
Filmography
Television
Film
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1990 births
Pakistani television actresses
Living people
21st-century Pakistani actresses
Pakistani film actresses | {'title': 'Saniya Shamshad', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saniya%20Shamshad', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Green Party of British Columbia, often simply called the BC Greens, is a provincial political party in British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1983 and is based in Victoria. The party won its first seat in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 2013 provincial election. The party won 3 seats in the 2017 provincial election, making it the first elected Green caucus in North America.
Principles
The Green Party of BC promotes the principles of participatory democracy, sustainability, social justice, respect for diversity, ecological wisdom, and nonviolence.
History
Founding and early years (1983–1992)
The first Green Party in North America was formed in British Columbia, Canada on February 6, 1983. It registered as a provincial society and a political party shortly before the 1983 provincial election. It fielded four candidates and received 0.19% of the vote under the leadership of Adriane Carr. In a federal by-election in the riding of Mission—Port Moody the same year, Betty Nickerson was the Green Party of Canada's first federal candidate, but the party's status was not yet recognized by Elections Canada. She appears in electoral records as an "independent" candidate.
Carr stepped back from active involvement in the party in 1985, and the party abolished the position of leader. Thereafter, it was represented in the media by three spokespersons. In the 1986 provincial election, the party won 0.23% of the vote and fielded nine candidates. In 1988, in response to a proposal to field only female candidates in the following election, Carr and her husband Paul George returned briefly to active involvement to defeat the proposal. From 1988 to 1992, the party was deeply divided between supporters of Carr and Greenpeace founder Jim Bohlen and its Ecofeminist Caucus. During this period, its internal politics were dominated by a compromise faction led by electoral reform activist Steve Kisby.
However, this period of relative stability ended with the party's failure to make a breakthrough in the 1991 provincial election, despite increasing its province-wide vote share to 0.86% and fielding a slate of 42 candidates.
Parker years (1993–1999)
In 1993, the party elected a new leader, then-21-year-old Stuart Parker who revitalized the party with youthful new members. He managed to take the party to running close to a full slate in the 1996 election, but was only able to garner only 2% support province-wide, despite receiving the endorsement of prominent environmentalist David Suzuki. Green hopes for a breakthrough in the Kootenay riding of Nelson-Creston with candidate Andy Shadrack yielded a result of only 11%. Parker's first term (1993–96) was characterized by near-continuous touring of rural BC which had, up to that point, negligible or highly intermittent organization outside of the Okanagan and Comox Valleys. This touring paid off in yielding on-going organization throughout the province, enabling the party to come just four candidates short of a full slate.
The direction of the party under Parker was set by many disgruntled ex-British Columbia New Democratic Party members, and the policies of the party under Parker were notably leftist. During Parker's second term as leader, the party rose to a peak of 11% in public opinion polls between 1996 and 1999, almost exclusively at the NDP's expense. Although he was arrested in logging road blockades in 1993 and 1997, Parker's Greens actually invested more resources in opposing the BC Benefits package of welfare reforms and working on other social issues than it did on any significant environmental issue.
While remaining sharply critical of Glen Clark's NDP government, Parker spearheaded highly controversial negotiations to form municipal electoral alliances with NDP-affiliated parties in 1998 after vote-splitting all but wiped out leftist representation at the local level in Vancouver and Victoria in 1996. These negotiations, approved by Clark, yielded tripartite agreements between local labour councils, Greens and New Democrats in Vancouver and Victoria, leading to Red-Green coalitions contesting the 1999 municipal elections in both cities with the support of organized labour. Neither coalition formed government but both made substantial gains, resulting in the election in Victoria, BC, of Art Vanden Berg, the first person in Canadian history to run as a Green and be elected to City Council. In Vancouver, the coalition effort also elected Parks Commissioner Roslyn Cassells.
Carr years (2000–2006)
The party's increased poll standing, new position on collaboration with its longtime rivals and impending electoral success attracted the attention of a number of prominent environmentalists, led by Carr, who began a campaign in 1999 to remove the party's then leadership. The group conducted a bitter year-long public campaign that included an unsuccessful lawsuit against the party and later-disproven allegations against the party's leader and board of directors including fraud, vote-rigging and even theft. Although the group was defeated at the party's 1999 convention, it triumphed in 2000. Shortly thereafter, the party elected Carr as its new leader; since 2001, the party leader has ceased to be subject to annual review votes, the process by which Parker was removed. Following the 2000 convention, all of the party's elected municipal representatives and some other members resigned.
With the high-profile changes at the top, the party was able to improve on its 9% poll standing at the beginning of 2000 and reached 12% of the popular vote in the May 2001 provincial election. In spite of that significant support, it won no seats in the provincial legislature – a fact which has been cited as an argument against the first-past-the-post voting system used in BC elections.
Although she had sponsored a series of resolutions at the party's 2000 convention condemning what many saw as the party's distraction with social and governance policy at the expense of work on environmental issues, electoral reform moved to the top of Carr's agenda as leader. Disagreeing with Fair Voting BC's decision to devote the movement's energies to backing the new BC Liberal government's plan to move forward with the Citizens' Assembly process it had developed in 1997, Carr founded a rival electoral reform organization called Free Your Vote to utilize the province's citizen initiative legislation (which technically allows citizens to force referendums on legislation if they gather a sufficient number of signatures).
Despite facing public condemnation from FVBC's Loenen, Free Your Vote recruited hundreds of volunteers for the province-wide effort, building a far larger citizen organization than either ECCO or FVBC. It also gained the support of many leftists, including the official endorsement of the BC Nurses' and other unions. The campaign also faced its share of difficulties, such as leaked internal memos from the party's organizing chair explaining that organizers knew the petition drive would fail, but were simply using it to build the party's organizational base. Although the campaign only submitted enough signatures in four of the province's 79 ridings, Free Your Vote was successful in mobilizing new support for reform. But it also appears to have hardened the party's support for a single model of proportional representation (mixed-member, closed-list) and public condemnation of others.
Following the failure of her preferred Free Your Vote, Carr focused her energy on a lively province-wide campaign opposing the 2010 Winter Olympic Games bid. But once the games were awarded to BC, the party was unable to find province-wide issues that resonated strongly with voters. Between 2003 and 2005, the party's presence was notably low key as Carr returned to the constant touring mode that had characterized Parker's first term.
In the 2005 provincial election, the GPBC's vote declined to 9% province-wide from 12% four years previously. Despite being rated highly for her debate performance by media commentators, Carr's performance was poorly rated by the public and her own vote share declined to 25% in her home constituency of Powell River-Sunshine Coast, 17% behind the victorious NDP candidate. Only in the constituencies of Vancouver-Burrard, West Vancouver-Garibaldi and Kelowna-Mission did the party's popularity increase.
These measures seemed insufficient to quiet increasing internal dissatisfaction with her leadership. Prior to the first annual convention following the reinstitution of the practice of requiring leaders to step down and run to succeed themselves each electoral cycle (this policy, along with annual confidence votes, had been previously repealed in 2001), Carr announced her resignation on September 24, 2006. As predicted by those familiar with Carr's long-standing relationship with the newly elected Green Party of Canada leader Elizabeth May, Carr accepted the paid position of deputy leader of the Green Party of Canada. She then ran as a federal candidate in the riding of Vancouver Centre but did not win.
Sterk and Weaver (2007–2020)
The Green Party of British Columbia held a leadership election on October 21, 2007, after the resignation of Carr in September 2006. Christopher Bennett was appointed interim leader until the leadership election was held. Former Vancouver-Hastings candidate Ian Gregson was the first to announce his candidacy.
Jane Sterk, a municipal councillor, university professor and small business owner, was elected leader of the BC Greens at their 2007 Convention at Royal Roads University in Victoria. She assumed the role from interim leader Christopher Ian Bennett.
The Greens maintain they receive support from all over the political spectrum. In the federal election of 2004, former Social Credit Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) and media personality Rafe Mair confounded many by openly supporting the Green Party. The Greens have often been labelled as right-wing at the same time as being labelled left-wing by opponents.
The Greens' strength is concentrated on Southern Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands, The Okanagan, Sea-to-Sky region and in high density areas of Vancouver. In 1991, the party's strongest showing was 4.4% in Rossland-Trail; in 1996, 11% in Nelson-Creston, in 2001 and 2005, in Carr's riding of Powell River-Sunshine Coast where she received 27% and 25% respectively, and in 2009 in West Vancouver-Sea-to-Sky with 22%.
The Greens won their first ever seat with Andrew Weaver winning in Oak Bay-Gordon Head in the May 2013 general election. Despite a slight drop in overall popular vote, the party climbed to 11.15% in the 61 ridings where they ran candidates. Weaver won 40% of the vote in his riding, and the party also surpassed 20% of the vote in Esquimalt-Royal Roads, Nelson-Creston, Saanich North and the Islands, Victoria-Beacon Hill, and Victoria-Swan Lake.
On August 13, 2013, Sterk announced she would retire from politics after the 2013 Annual General Meeting, held on August 24, 2013. Adam Olsen, former candidate in Saanich North and the Islands served as interim leader until December 9, 2015, when Weaver was acclaimed to the full-time position.
On May 9, 2017 in the May 2017 general election Weaver, Adam Olsen and Sonia Furstenau were elected to the provincial legislature, with the party winning 16.84% of the popular vote. The Green Party signed a confidence and supply agreement with the NDP in exchange for policy concessions on environmental and social issues. The NDP and Greens then defeated the incumbent Liberal government by one vote in a no confidence vote, with the NDP then being invited to form government.
On October 7, 2019, Andrew Weaver announced he would step down as party leader once a new leader had been chosen and would not run in the next British Columbia election anticipated to take place in 2021. On December 20, 2019, Olsen was named interim leader, effective January 6, 2020. On January 16, 2020, Weaver resigned from caucus to sit as an independent member of the legislature.
The party was scheduled to hold a leadership election from June 15 to 26, 2020, but the election was postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia. It had been planned that the winner would be announced at the party's convention in Nanaimo. The leadership contest was relaunched on June 15, 2020. Sonia Furstenau was elected as leader on September 14, 2020.
Furstenau (2020–present)
Sonia Furstenau was elected as leader on September 14, 2020. A week after her selection as leader, the 2020 general election was called. Furstenau and Adam Olsen were returned to the Legislature. The electoral district of West Vancouver-Sea to Sky was originally called for Green candidate Jeremy Valeriote; the winning margin was small enough to trigger an automatic judicial recount. After the recount, it was determined that Liberal Jordan Sturdy had held the seat.
Leaders
MLAs
The following Green Party MLAs have represented electoral districts in British Columbia:
Election results
See also
List of British Columbia general elections
List of Green party leaders in Canada
List of Green politicians who have held office in Canada
List of political parties in British Columbia
Politics of British Columbia
Notes
References
External links
1983 establishments in British Columbia
Articles containing video clips
Environmental organizations based in British Columbia
Organizations based in Victoria, British Columbia
Political parties established in 1983
Provincial political parties in British Columbia | {'title': 'Green Party of British Columbia', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Party%20of%20British%20Columbia', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
USS Gardoqui (IX-218), an unclassified miscellaneous vessel, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for USS Gardoqui, a Spanish gunboat captured during the Spanish–American War. Her name was misspelled when she was christened. Gardoqui was named for the commercial house of Joseph Gardoqui and Sons of Bilbao, Spain, which represented the American Colonies in the Spanish court during the American Revolution. Her keel was laid down in 1921 by the Federal Shipbuilding Company, in Kearny, New Jersey. She was acquired from the War Shipping Administration and commissioned at Pearl Harbor on 23 June 1945 with Lieutenant Harold L. Tysinger in command.
A tanker originally intended for use as Mobile Floating Storage, Gardoqui departed Pearl Harbor for Eniwetok 27 July 1945. Reaching her destination 12 August, she discharged her cargo of fuel and lube oil to navy and merchant ships for almost a month. Gardoqui departed Eniwetok 7 September and put in at Tokyo on 21 September to discharge more lube and fuel oil.
Departing Tokyo 7 November, she transited the Panama Canal via Pearl Harbor 28 December and came to anchor off Mobile, Alabama, on 6 January 1946. Gardoqui decommissioned at Mobile 13 February 1946 and was returned to the War Shipping Administration. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 12 April 1946 and she was sold to her previous owner, E. T. Bedford, 28 January 1947 and scrapped later that year.
References
Mobile storage tankers of the United States Navy
Ships built in Kearny, New Jersey
1921 ships | {'title': 'USS Gardoqui (IX-218)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Gardoqui%20%28IX-218%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Saurabh Bhanwala (born 18 December 1999) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for ARA in the I-League 2.
Career
Saurabh Bhanwala as a child started playing in New Delhi and playing U-14 nationals representing Delhi state held at Kalyani in 2012. Bhanwala is a product of Minerva Punjab youth system where he had an outstanding season in U-18 I-league which was held at Shillong, Bhanwala stayed with minerva next season where he was part of their senior team in I-League. After Bhanwala went on loan to CFL (Calcutta Football League) to Calcutta Custom, after it bhanwala returned to minerva playing for Punjab II where he played 2nd div i-league, after Bhanwala joined senior I-League team Roundglass Punjab FC, Saurabh Bhanwala made his first professional appearance in senior I-League for RoundGlass Punjab on 9 January 2021 against Aizawl FC. He played several games for roundglass in 2020-21 season and also won the title for "Defensive action of the season " award.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Rajasthan United
Baji Rout Cup: 2022
References
1999 births
Living people
Footballers from Delhi
Indian footballers
Association football central defenders
I-League players
RoundGlass Punjab FC players
Rajasthan United FC players | {'title': 'Saurabh Bhanwala', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurabh%20Bhanwala', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 4th FINA Open Water Swimming World Championships were held August 29-September 3, 2006 in Naples, Italy.
The championships featured 98 swimmers from 29 countries competing in race distances of 5-kilometer (5K), 10-kilometer (10K) and 25-kilometer (25K). Event schedule:
Tuesday, August 29: Women's 5K, Men's 5K
Thursday, August 31: Men's 10K, Women's 5K
Saturday, September 2: Women's 25K
Sunday, September 3: Men's 25K
Results
Team standings
The Championship Trophy point standing for the 2006 Open Water Worlds is:
The following 13 countries are listed in a tie for 16, with zero (0) points:
Macedonia
Note: is the sole country with an entry not listed in the standings. Their lone entrant (Darjia Pop) did not finish the one event (Women's 10K) in which she was entered.
See also
2004 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships
2008 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships
References
FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships
Fina World Open Water Swimming Championships, 2006
Fina World Open Water Swimming Championships, 2006
International aquatics competitions hosted by Italy
Swimming competitions in Italy | {'title': '2006 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20FINA%20World%20Open%20Water%20Swimming%20Championships', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
is a Japanese pop music genre, which became a base of modern J-pop. The Japan Times described kayōkyoku as "standard Japanese pop" or "Shōwa-era pop".
Kayōkyoku represents a blend of Western and Japanese musical scales. Music in this genre is extremely varied as a result. Kayōkyoku in the narrower and more practical sense, however, excludes J-pop and enka.
Unlike "J-pop" singers such as Southern All Stars' Keisuke Kuwata, the singers of the kayōkyoku genre do not use stylized pronunciations based on the English language, but prefer traditional Japanese. There are exceptions, such as in singer Momoe Yamaguchi's song "Rock 'n' Roll Widow".
Unlike enka, kayōkyoku is also not based on emotional displays of effort while singing.
Famous kayōkyoku artists include Kyu Sakamoto, The Peanuts, The Tigers, Candies, Pink Lady, Seiko Matsuda, Junko Sakurada, The Checkers and Onyanko Club.
Characteristics
Kayokyoku music has simple melodies that are easy to follow and play along to. The lyrics of Kayokyoku are simple and attempt to relate to an everyday Japanese individual. Kayokyoku singers also relate to common Japanese listeners by appearing as cute and approachable, with many aspects about their appearance and actions dictated by production companies. The base of Kayokyoku songs aims towards a sentimental feeling. The music draws on being able to relate to listeners and tries to voice the feelings that he/she keeps bottled in due to social appearances. Kayokyoku's style has become prominent due to the karaoke boom that occurred in the middle of the 1970s. A large focus of Karaoke revolves around mimicking not only the song being sung, but also the image of the singer and the image brought out by the lyrics. The simple rhythm and lyrics of Kayokyoku made these songs very popular to sing at Karaoke. An NHK survey conducted in 1982 revealed that around 80% of males over thirty years of age sang Kayokyoku songs through karaoke machines.
History
1920s–1940s: Origin
The term kayōkyoku originally referred to Western classical "lied" in Japan. However, NHK radio began to use the term as another name of ryūkōka around 1927, and this took hold in the late 10s of the Showa Era (1935–1944). However, many songs popular during this era became lost due to the association with painful memories involving World War II.
1950s–1960s: Mood kayō era
Kayokyoku, though associated with ryūkōka, also refers to a specific musical genre unique from ryūkōka. For example, said that the popular genre of Showa 20s (1945 – 1954) was ryūkōka and the popular genre of Showa 30s (1955–1964) was kayōkyoku.
In Showa 30s, Frank Nagai, inspired by jazz, sang new songs called . During the Japanese post-war economic miracle, Mood Kayō music became one of the most popular genres in Japan. "Mood Kayō" was influenced by Latin and jazz music. On the other hand, in Showa 30s, modern enka began to be formed and rock and roll began to have an influence on Japanese popular singers such as Kyu Sakamoto.
In 1949, 12-year-old Hibari Misora made her recording debut with song "Kappa Boogie Woogie". In the 1950s, Misora, Chiemi Eri and Izumi Yukimura were called "Sannin Musume" (lit. "Three Girls"). Hachiro Kasuga, Michiya Mihashi and Hideo Murata were called "Three crows". In the early 1960s, Kyu Sakamoto and The Peanuts became famous. Shinichi Mori debuted in 1966. Linda Yamamoto also debuted in 1966. In the late 1960, Group Sounds became famous. Teruhiko Saigo, Yukio Hashi and Kazuo Funaki were called "Gosanke" in the 1960s. Keiko Fuji debuted in 1969 and the music genre like her songs was called enka, which was like Japanese traditional music. In 1969, Japanese child singer Osamu Minagawa made the Japanese Oricon weekly number-one single "Kuroneko no Tango" at the age of only six, establishing the still-standing youngest record to top the Oricon single charts.
During the 1950s and 60s, many Kayōkyoku groups and singers gained experience performing on US military bases in Japan. Around the same time, Yakuza manager Kazuo Taoka reorganized the concert touring industry by treating the performers as professionals.
Kayōkyoku from this period is sometimes also believed to have had its roots with Chinese immigrant jazz musicians who had fled Shanghai during the communist takeover, and were collaborating with the American soldiers who were occupying Japan at that time. In 1949, when the communists took over Mainland China and established the People's Republic of China, one of the first actions taken by the government was to denounce popular music as decadent and replace it with Chinese revolutionary music. Although a number of Shanghainese musicians fled to the British colony of Hong Kong, a few musicians instead settled in Japan, where they became members of the Far East Network and collaborated with the American soldiers to introduce a variety of new genres to the Japanese public.
Some of the most famous kayōkyoku musicians of this era include songwriter Rokusuke Ei and singer Kyu Sakamoto. Their 1961 song "Sukiyaki" in particular became a global hit and topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
1970s–1980s: Idol kayō era
In the 1970s, Hiromi Go (who belonged to Johnny & Associates at that time), Hideki Saijo and Goro Noguchi were called "New Gosanke". Saori Minami, Mari Amachi and Rumiko Koyanagi were called "Shin Sannin Musume" (lit. "New Three Girls"). Akiko Wada, who came from "Jazz Cafe", also became popular. Momoe Yamaguchi, Junko Sakurada and Masako Mori were called "Hana no Chūsan Torio" (lit. "Flower Junior High School Three Grade Trio"). Yū Aku became one of the most famous lyricists of kayōkyoku. He wrote Finger 5's 1973 song "Kojin Jugyō" and female duo Pink Lady's 1976 debut song "Pepper Keibu".
In the 1980s, many female idols such as Seiko Matsuda, Okada Yukiko and Akina Nakamori became popular. Johnny's male solo singer Masahiko Kondō also became popular and his song "Orokamono" won the 29th Japan Record Awards Grand Prix Award in 1987. The music genre kayōkyoku is regarded as a base of another genre "J-pop". In the 1980s, a part of Japanese idol was independent from kayōkyoku and associated with Japanese rock musicians. Late 80s' popular band Onyanko Club was a band of borderline era between "kayōkyoku" and "J-pop". Although Japanese kayōkyoku-style music after Hikaru Genji and Dreams Come True was called "J-pop", several people claimed that "J-pop" was a subgenre of kayōkyoku music.
In the 1980s, remained kayōkyoku music except Japanese idol's music became regarded as enka. After Hibari Misora died in 1989, the genre called kayōkyoku mostly vanished and several kayōkyoku singers became regarded as enka singers, even if their sound did not change. However, Shinichi Mori and Kiyoshi Maekawa considered themselves to be not enka singers but kayōkyoku singers. Maekawa claimed that an example of true enka singers was Saburō Kitajima, who could use a lot of kobushi (a kind of vocalism) for singing. As the result, the music of the genre caused some confusion. For example, Kiyoshi Maekawa's song "Himawari", produced by pop singer Masaharu Fukuyama, was regarded as enka for no special reason. When Junko Akimoto became popular in 2008, however, she was said to be a modern example of kayōkyoku singers.
References
External links
"Mood Kayo" article at the CD Journal
Japanese styles of music
Pop music genres | {'title': 'Kayōkyoku', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Friedrich Joseph of Nauendorf, a general in Habsburg service during the French Revolutionary Wars, was noted for his intrepid and daring cavalry raids. Like most Austrian officers of the French Revolutionary Wars, he joined the military as a young man, and served in the War of Bavarian Succession. In the war's opening action, he successfully repelled a Prussian border raid, which earned him the admiration of the Empress Maria Theresa's son, Joseph. His continued success in the Habsburg border wars with the Ottoman Empire added to his reputation as a commander.
In the Wars of the First and Second Coalitions, his forces were vital to the successful relief of Mainz, and his commands captured the French siege train and most of the supplies during the French evacuation. In the campaigns in Swabia (1799), he commanded the advanced guard, and later the center of the main column at the Battle of Stockach on 25 March 1799. At the First Battle of Zürich in 1799, he commanded the right wing in the Austrian victory of André Masséna's force. After the Swabian and Swiss campaigns, he retired in poor health, and died in 1801.
Early career
Born in the village of Heilsdorf, in the Saxon Vogtland, 3 August 1749, Nauendorf came from a family of minor Saxon aristocracy and Prussian state administrators. His grandfather was a states' attorney in Jena. His father, Freiherr (Baron) Carl Georg Christian Nauendorf, was a cavalry officer in Habsburg military service in the Seven Years' War, and was present at the Battle of Kolín. He was also part of Baron Ernst Gideon von Laudon's army on 30 September – 1 October 1761, when Laudon led the force in the storming of Schweidnitz.
Nauendorf joined the 8th Hussar Regiment in 1763. In 1766, his father became Colonel and Proprietor (Inhaber) of the regiment; upon his father's death in 1775, Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser became Colonel and Inhaber, and the Regiment became known as 8th Hussar Wurmser, or Wurmser's Hussars.
War in Bohemia and Silesia
In 1778, Nauendorf was a Rittmeister (captain of cavalry) of the Wurmser Hussar Regiment, and stationed near the border of Bohemia and Prussia, by Pressburg (present-day Bratislava), the regiment's peacetime garrison. At the end of the year, the Duke of Bavaria, Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, died unexpectedly of smallpox. As the last of the Bavarian Wittelsbach dynasty, descended from 13th century Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Bavarian, Maximilian was related to most of the German houses, and Bavaria was strategically located to entice the Habsburgs, chiefly Archduke and co-Regent Joseph, to covet the duchy. Tensions rose between and among the princes of the German states, principally Elector of Saxony, King of Prussia, and Joseph; their diplomats shuttled between courts to resolve problems raised by the Bavarian Succession crisis, while Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick August of Saxony and Joseph of Austria moved their extensive armies into position in Bohemia.
In early July 1778, the Prussian General Johann Jakob von Wunsch (1717–1788) crossed into Bohemia near the fortified town of Náchod, in the opening action of the War of the Bavarian Succession. Nauendorf had only 50 Hussars, but they sallied from their garrison to engage the larger Prussian force. Encountering Wunsch, Nauendorf greeted the old Prussian general and his men as friends; by the time the Prussians realized the allegiance of the Hussars, Nauendorf and his small force had acquired the strategic advantage. Following a brief skirmish, Wunsch withdrew. The next day Nauendorf was promoted to major. In a letter to her son, Joseph, the Empress Maria Theresa wrote: "They say you are so pleased with the rookie Nauendorf, the Carlstätter or Hungarian who killed seven men, that you gave him 12 ducats." Enamored with the possibility of acquiring Bavaria, Joseph encouraged successful raids against the Prussian troops. On 7 August 1778, with two squadrons of his regiment, Nauendorf led a raid against a Prussian convoy at Biebersdorf in the County of Kladsko. The surprised convoy surrendered, and Nauendorf captured its officers, 110 men, 476 horses, 240 wagons of flour, and 13 transport wagons.
In another raid, on 17–18 January 1779, Nauendorf's commander, Dagobert von Wurmser advanced into the County of Glatz in five columns, surrounded Habelschwerdt, stormed the village. In a subsequent assault on the so-called Swedish blockhouse in Oberschwedeldorf (now Szalejów Górny), it and the village of Habelschwerdt were set on fire by howitzers. In total, the raid resulted in the capture of Prince Adolf of Hesse-Philippsthal and over 1,000 men, three cannon and ten colors. Wurmser's forward patrols reached the outskirts of Glatz, and patrolled much of Silesia's border with Prussia, near Schweidnitz. Halberschwerdt and Oberschedeldorf were both destroyed.
On 3 March 1779, Nauendorf raided the Berbersdorf again, this time with a larger force of infantry and hussars, and took the entire Prussian garrison as prisoner. Following this action, Joseph, now Emperor, awarded him the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa (19 May 1779). This kind of action characterized the entire war; there were no major battles. The armies of the opposing sides conducted series of raids and counter-raids from which they lived off the country-side and tried to deny each other access to supplies and fodder.
Action in the border war
Nauendorf served with the Habsburg forces during the Ottoman wars from 1787 to 1791. On 19–20 October 1788, near Tomaševac (present day Serbia), Nauendorf routed 1,200 of the elite Sipahis with two squadrons of hussars. On 23 October 1788, with only six squadrons of hussars, he attacked the Turkish rearguard in the village of Pančevo, in the Banat, during which the Turkish commander was mortally wounded. On 16 September 1789, he led the successful raid on the island of Borecs in the Danube, which garnered greatly needed supplies from the Turkish forces. On 9 November of that year, he led four squadrons of his regiment to capture Gladova, from the so-called Iron Gate of the Danube. Nauendorf was awarded command of 30th Hussar Regiment Wurmser, as the so-called second colonel, who functioned as an executive officer. On 12 March 1779, Joseph elevated Nauendorf to the rank of Count, or Graf.
Austrian action on the Rhine
In 1792, Nauendorf's regiment served on the lower (northern) Rhine river and at Trier on the Moselle river in the French Revolutionary Wars. In December of that year, his regiment successfully defended Pellingen, Merzkirchen and Oberleuken from the attacks of General of Division La Baroliére's Army of the Moselle.
In 1795, Nauendorf served in Field Marshal Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt's Army of the Lower Rhine, which relieved Mainz. On 10 October, a portion of the Corps of Observation had surprised the French at Hochst; Jourdan was withdrawing his force from the blockade of Mainz. On 13 October, Nauendorf, commander of part of Count Clerfayt's Corps of Observation, sent his cavalry across the Main River, with the infantry following in boats; they surprised and overwhelmed Jourdan's rear guard at Niederhausen, capturing five guns, 30+ wagons and 80 ammunition caissons. On 29 October, Nauendorf captured most of the French siege train and supply wagons evacuated from Mainz. Finally, in that year on 6 November, his victory at Rochenhausen prevented the unification of the French armies of the Rhin-et-Moselle and the Sambre-et-Meuse.
During the maneuvers leading to the Battle of Amberg on 24 August 1796, Nauendorf's cavalry reconnaissance discovered crucial intelligence, after which he sent Archduke Charles the message: "If your Royal Highness will or can advance 12,000 men against Jourdan's rear, he is lost." After the Austrian victory at Amberg, Nauendorf prevented General Jean-Victor Moreau's attempted Danube crossing at Neuburg and thwarted Moreau's next attempt to flank the Austrians by passing through Ulm.
Action in Switzerland and Swabia
When the War of the Second Coalition began in early 1799, Nauendorf fought in the Austrian victories at Ostrach (21 March) and then at Stockach (25 March). In early March he led the advanced guard of 17,000 across the Lech River by Augsburg, to deploy at Ostrach, a village about of the Danube River and less than from the Free Imperial City of Pfullendorf. Jourdan's Army of the Danube had crossed the Rhine on 1 March, and moved east to cut communication between the main Austrian force, quartered near Augsburg, and the Austrian troops in northern Italy. At Ostrach, his advanced guard sustained the immediate shock of contact, but the main force of the army was less than a day behind him, and Archduke Charles, the commander of the Austrian force, divided his army into three assault columns to make a simultaneous attack at three points on the French line; after a day of nasty fighting, the Austrians flanked the French at the north and south, and threatened to break through the line in the middle. The French withdrew to Mösskirch, and then to Engen and Stockach, where, on 25 March, the fighting renewed. At Stockach, Nauendorf again commanded the Austrian advanced guard, which was composed of troops seasoned, as he had been, in the Habsburg border wars. The advanced guard, or Vorhut, was redeployed before the battle as the center of the main Austrian line, and took the brunt of the initial fighting.
After the French retreat from the Hegau region into the Black Forest, Nauendorf took his force across the Rhine between Constance and Stein am Rhein on 22 May, and positioned himself at Steinegg. After Friedrich, Freiherr von Hotze's column successfully pushed the French out of Winterthur on 26 May, Archduke Charles instructed Nauendorf to secure the village of Neftenbach, which effectively closed a semicircle around the French force at Zürich. Once the Austrian main army united with its left wing, under Nauendorf, and its far left, under Hotze, Charles ordered the assault on Zürich. On 4 June, Nauendorf helped to rout the French force at Battle of Zürich, commanding the Coalition's right wing; with sustained pressure on Andre Massena's force, Massena pulled his army across the Limmat river, and dug into positions on the low ring of hills there, biding his time until the propitious moment to retake the city, which he did in September, 1799, at the Second Battle of Zürich; Nauendorf was not present for this action, being with Archduke Charles on a march north, toward Mainz. In 1800, Nauendorf fought in the Austrian losses at Stockach and Engen on 3 May, Mösskirch on 5 May, and Biberach on 9 May.
Nauendorf retired in poor health at the end of the 1800 campaign. He died in Troppau, Austrian Silesia (today Opava, in the Czech Republic), 30 December 1801.
Sources
Citations and notes
Bibliography
Berenger, Jean. A History of the Habsburg Empire 1700–1918. C. Simpson, Trans. New York: Longman, 1997, .
"Nauendorf, Friedrich August Graf," in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 23 (1886), ab Seite 299, Digitale Volltext-Ausgabe in Wikisource Nauendorf. Accessed 15 October 2009.
Dedekind, Franz. Geschichte des k.k. Kaiser Franz Joseph I. Dragoner-Regimentes Nr. 11, von seiner Errichtung, 20. Dezember 1688, bis 6. Mai 1879. Wien: np, 1879.
Ebert, Jens-Florian. "Nauendorf, Friedrich August Graf," Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815. Accessed 15 October 2009.
Graham, Thomas. The History of the campaigns in the years 1796, 1797, 1798 and 1799, in Germany, Italy, Switzerland, & c. Illustrated with sixteen maps and plans of the countries and fortresses. London: T. Gardiner [etc.], 1812.
Hochedlinger, Michael. Austria's Wars of Emergence, 1683–1799. London: Longman, 2003.
Kudrna, Leopold, and Digby Smith. A biographical dictionary of all Austrian Generals in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815. "Nauendorf". Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. April 2008 version. Accessed 19 October 2009.
K.u.K. Kriegsministerium. Militär-Schematismus des österreichischen Kaiserthums. Wien: Aus der k.k. Hof- und Staats-Druckerei. 1865 1918. p. 402, p. 807.
Liddell-Hart, B. H. Strategy. NY: Praeger Publishers, 1967.
de Ligne, Charles Joseph, Prince. The Prince de Ligne. His memoirs, letters, and miscellaneous papers. Boston: Hardy, Pratt & Co., 1902.
Maria Theresa, Empress, and Joseph, Holy Roman Emperor. Maria Theresia und Joseph II. Ihre Correspondenz sammt Briefen Joseph's an seinen Bruder Leopold. Wien, C. Gerold's Sohn, 1867–68,
McCulloch, J.R. "Gladova." A dictionary, geographical, statistical, and historical of the various countries, places, and principal natural objects in the world, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1854.
Nagy, Istvan. Hussar Regiment Number 8 (Austrian). Napoleon Series. Robert Burnham, editor in Chief. April 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
Rothenberg, Gunther E. Napoleon's Great Adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army 1792–1914. Stroud, (Gloucester): Spellmount, 2007.
Thürheim, Andreas Graf. Gedenkblätter aus der Kriegsgeschichte der k. k. oesterreichischen. Wien: K. Prochaska, 1880.
Vaníček, Fr. Specialgeschichte der Militärgrenze : aus Originalquellen und Quellenwerken geschöpft. Wien: Aus der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1875.
Williams, Henry Smith. The historians' history of the world: a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by the great writers of all ages. London: The Times, 1908.
Wurzbach, Constant von. "Nauendorf." Biographisches lexikon des kaiserthums Oesterreich, enthaltend die lebensskizzen der denkwürdigen personen, welche seit 1750 in den österreichischen kronländern geboren wurden oder darin gelebt und gewirkt haben. Wien: K.K. Hof- und staatsdruckerie [etc.] 1856–91.
1749 births
1801 deaths
Austrian Empire commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Austrian generals
Austrian Empire military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Austrian lieutenant field marshals
Generals of the Holy Roman Empire
Imperial military personnel of the War of Bavarian Succession | {'title': 'Friedrich Joseph, Count of Nauendorf', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Joseph%2C%20Count%20of%20Nauendorf', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Nothingface is the fifth studio album by Canadian heavy metal band Voivod. It was released by Mechanic/MCA Records on 1989. The album marked a change for the band, expanding their music into a more progressive metal sound. Several riffs are heavily influenced by Igor Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring", specifically the centre section of "Pre-Ignition".
Critical reception
Nothingface is Voivod's most successful album to date, and their only album to enter the Billboard 200 charts, where it peaked at number 114. A music video made for the album's third track, a cover of Pink Floyd's "Astronomy Domine", received airplay on MTV's Headbangers Ball.
In 2005, Nothingface was ranked number 350 in Rock Hard magazine's book of The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time. Loudwire named the album at number 23 in their list "Top 25 Progressive Metal Albums of All Time". Kerrang! described the album as a "prog-thrash masterpiece".
Track listing
All music written by Denis D'Amour, Jean-Yves Thériault and Michel Langevin, all lyrics by Denis Bélanger, except "Astronomy Domine" written by Syd Barrett.
Note: The original version combined the intro track and "The Unknown Knows" into one track. On later versions, both tracks were separated, with the intro track being either the first track or a pre-gap hidden track, which is followed by "The Unknown Knows".
Personnel
Voivod
Snake (Denis Bélanger) – vocals
Piggy (Denis D'Amour) – guitar
Blacky (Jean-Yves Thériault) – bass
Away (Michel Langevin) – drums, artwork
Production
Glen Robinson – producer, engineer, mixing
Benoit Lavallée, Rob Sutton – assistant engineers
Steve Sinclair – executive producer
References
1989 albums
Voivod (band) albums
MCA Records albums
Noise Records albums | {'title': 'Nothingface (Voivod album)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothingface%20%28Voivod%20album%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
A whistle is an instrument which produces sound from a stream of gas, most commonly air. It may be mouth-operated, or powered by air pressure, steam, or other means. Whistles vary in size from a small slide whistle or nose flute type to a large multi-piped church organ.
Whistles have been around since early humans first carved out a gourd or branch and found they could make sound with it. In prehistoric Egypt, small shells were used as whistles. Many present day wind instruments are inheritors of these early whistles. With the rise of more mechanical power, other forms of whistles have been developed.
One characteristic of a whistle is that it creates a pure, or nearly pure, tone. The conversion of flow energy to sound comes from an interaction between a solid material and a fluid stream. The forces in some whistles are sufficient to set the solid material in motion. Classic examples are Aeolian tones that result in galloping power lines, or the Tacoma Narrows Bridge (the so-called "Galloping Gertie" of popular media). Other examples are circular disks set into vibration.
History
Early whistles
Whistles made of bone or wood have been used for thousands of years. Whistles were used by the Ancient Greeks to keep the stroke of galley slaves.
Archaeologist have found at the ruins of the ancient Greek city of Assos a terracotta whistle, most probably a child’s toy putting in children’s graves as a burial gift.
The English used whistles during the Crusades to signal orders to archers. Boatswain pipes were also used in the age of sail aboard naval vessels to issue commands and salute dignitaries.
Joseph Hudson
Joseph Hudson set up J Hudson & Co in Birmingham in 1870. With his younger brother James, he designed the "Acme City" brass whistle. This became the first referee whistle used at association football matches during the 1878–79 Football Association Cup match between Nottingham Forest and Sheffield. Prior to the introduction of the whistle, handkerchiefs were used by the umpires to signal to the players.
In 1883, he began experimenting with pea-whistle designs that could produce an intense sound that could grab attention from over a mile away. His invention was discovered by accident when he dropped his violin and it shattered on the floor. Observing how the discordant sound of the breaking strings travelled (trill effect), Hudson had the idea to put a pea in the whistle. Prior to this, whistles were much quieter and were only thought of as musical instruments or toys for children. After observing the problems that local police were having with effectively communicating with rattles, he realised that his whistle designs could be used as an effective aid to their work.
Hudson demonstrated his whistle to Scotland Yard and was awarded his first contract in 1884. Both rattles and whistles were used to call for back-up in areas where neighbourhood beats overlapped, and following their success in the Metropolitan Police of London, the whistle was adopted by most police forces in the United Kingdom.
World War I
During World War I, officers of the British Army and United States Army used whistles to communicate with troops, command charges and warn when artillery pieces where going to fire. Most whistles used by the British were manufactured by J & Hudson Co.
See also
Vessel flute (acoustics of whistles and tunable whistles)
Low whistle (low-pitched tinwhistle or flageolet)
Liquid whistle (mixes fluids)
Physics of whistles
Firedamp whistle (for detecting methane in mines)
Whistler (radio) (very low frequency radio feature caused by lightning and atmospheric effects)
Rossby whistle (climate oscillation of the Caribbean)
References
External links
Whistle (Polish folk musical instruments)
Internal fipple flutes
Blown percussion instruments
English musical instruments
Sports officiating technology
Toy instruments and noisemakers | {'title': 'Whistle', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistle', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Louis Alphonse Maureau (c 1830 – c 1883) born in New Orleans, was a Franco-American Impressionist painter.
Biography
Louis-Alphonse Maureau was born in New Orleans, United States. Maureau, according to Edgar Degas' recommendation, participated in the Third Exhibition of Impressionists in 1877.
In 1881, Alphonse Maureau exhibited at the Hôtel Drouot.
References and sources
External links
Benezit Dictionary of Artists, 2006, site Oxford Index (subscription or library membership required)
Société des amis des arts de Pau (1878). Livret du salon 1878. Explication des ouvrages de peinture, dessin, gravure et sculpture des artistes vivants, exposés dans les salons de la société au musée de la ville le 18 janvier 1878. Bibliothèque nationale de France
Lévêque, J.-J. (1990). Les années impressionnistes. Troisième exposition impressionniste.
Portail des collections des musées de France. Expositions impressionnistes, 1877 (culture.gouv.fr)
Société des amis des arts de Nancy (1878). Exposition de 1878 de 25 mai au 15 juillet dans la grande salle de l'université. Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, gravure et lithographie d'artistes vivants, p.71 website Bibliothèque nationale de France
Art Institute Chicago
Degas (exposition), p.216
ULAN:500046264
19th-century American painters
American male painters
American Impressionist painters
19th-century French painters
French male painters
French Impressionist painters
Year of birth uncertain
Artists from New Orleans
20th-century American painters
1830 births
1883 deaths
19th-century American male artists
19th-century French male artists
20th-century American male artists | {'title': 'Alphonse Maureau', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20Maureau', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Events from the year 1598 in Sweden.
Incumbents
Monarch – Sigismund
Events
16 January - The Rurik Dynasty collapses when Feodor I of Russia dies.
May - Sigismund III return to Avaskär, Sweden, and his uncle and regent Duke Charles resist him resulting in the War against Sigismund.
18 September - The Battle of Stegeborg results in victory for the Polish-Swedish unionists.
25 September - The Battle of Stångebro results in victory for the Swedish rebels under Duke Charles and the end of the union.
Births
- Georg Stiernhielm, linguist
- Lars Stigzelius, archbishop
- Sten Svantesson Bielke, soldier and politician
- Åke Henriksson Tott, soldier and politician
Deaths
10 February - Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland, queen consort (born 1578)
4 August - William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesmen.
7 August - Georg Stiernhielm, linguist and mathematician (died 1672)
References
Years of the 16th century in Sweden
Sweden | {'title': '1598 in Sweden', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1598%20in%20Sweden', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Herminia grisealis, the small fan-foot, is a litter moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Europe. The eastern expansion is across the Palearctic to the Ussuri River and after that Japan. In the Alps it rises up to a height of 1300 meters.
Description
The wingspan is 24–28 mm. The length of the forewings is 11–13 mm. This species shows three darker lines crossing the greyish brown wings. The top and the lower lines run straight or lightly curved, while the middle one is undulating.
Technical description
The forewing is grey brown often with a yellow tinge; lines dark brown; the inner straight, oblique, thick; the subterminal thick, concave outwards, curving into apex; outer line fine, sickle shaped; a short dark line at end of cell; hindwing quite pale grey with outer and subterminal obscure lines.
Biology
Small fan-foot usually rest during daylight, beginning their activities in early dusk. These moths fly in one or two generations from early May to mid-August. .
Larva is blackish grey, with a dorsal row of black triangles edged behind with yellowish grey, and black lateral oblique streaks; other descriptions make it reddish yellow grey.
The larvae feed on various shrubs and deciduous trees such as oak, alder, birch, Crataegus, bird cherry, Corylus avellana, Rubus, Clematis vitalba and also fallen leaves.
Notes
The flight season refers to Belgium and The Netherlands. This may vary in other parts of the range.
References
External links
Small Fan-foot at UKmoths
Fauna Europaea
Lepiforum.de
Gardensafari.net
Vlindernet.nl
Herminiinae
Moths described in 1775
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths of Japan
Taxa named by Michael Denis
Taxa named by Ignaz Schiffermüller | {'title': 'Herminia grisealis', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herminia%20grisealis', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 2022 BT Group strikes were an industrial dispute between the telecommunications provider BT and members of the Communication Workers Union over pay amongst the backdrop of the UK cost of living crisis. The strike action was taken by CWU members working for BT group's communications infrastructure subsidiary Openreach alongside those employed at the company's call centres.
Overview
In April 2022, members of the Communication Workers Union rejected pay offers made by BT Group as part of its 2022 pay review which awarded a £1,500 increase in fully consolidated pay to its team members and frontline staff. The decision taken at the CWU's Telecoms and Financial Services conference was made on the basis that the offer failed to "adequately reward the contribution made by CWU members keeping the country
connected throughout the pandemic" and that it was "not acceptable in the face of increased inflation ... and the cost of living crisis". The conference resolved to hold a ballot on undertaking industrial action as a result.
A strike ballot was held on the 30 June. Campaigning for a yes ballot took place, in one notable example the CWU erected billboards outside the BT Tower calling out a 32% increase in renumeration for BT Group CEO Philip Jansen, which it contrasted with the establishment of a "community pantry" at a BT call centre. BT claimed that this was "absolutely not a food bank", despite CWU claims to the contrary. A majority of both Openreach and BT Group staff turned out to vote in favour of strike action, though a strike ballot held by staff at BT owned mobile communications operator EE did not achieve the 50% turnout required by the Trade Union Act 2016, missing the 50% turnout threshold by 8 votes. This strike action took place on 29 July and 1 August, in the first nationwide strike taken by BT staff since 1987. Another two-day strike was held on 30 and 31 August. Additional strikes were also held on 6th, 10th, 20th and 24th October. Unlike in previous strikes, the CWU did not exempt 999 switchboard operators from partaking in October's industrial action. BT subsequently redeployed staff from other lines of business to answer 999 calls during the strike days.
On 28 November, union members accepted BT's offer of a £1,500 pay raise for workers earning less than £50,000, thus ending the year's industrial action.
Response
In response to the notification of strike action made to BT Group, the company published a press release on 15 July in which it claimed that the pay offer it made awarded "team member and frontline colleagues the highest pay award in more than 20 years" and that "while we respect the choice of our colleagues who are CWU members to strike, we will work to minimise any disruption and keep our customers and the country connected".
On 1 August, shadow levelling up secretary Lisa Nandy joined CWU members on a picket line in her Wigan constituency, with shadow employment minister Imran Hussain and Labour whip Navendu Mishra also joining CWU picket lines. This is despite Labour Party leader Keir Starmer having previously told shadow ministers that they should not join picket lines during the 2022 United Kingdom railway strikes. Lisa Nandy is reported to have made Keir Starmer's office aware of her appearance on the picket line in advance of her visit.
See also
2021–present United Kingdom cost of living crisis
2022–2023 United Kingdom industrial disputes and strikes
2022–2023 United Kingdom postal workers strikes
2022–2023 United Kingdom railway strikes
2021–present Stagecoach strikes
2022 British barristers' industrial action
2022 Scotland bin strikes
References
2022 labor disputes and strikes
Labour disputes in the United Kingdom
July 2022 events in the United Kingdom
August 2022 events in the United Kingdom
September 2022 events in the United Kingdom
October 2022 events in the United Kingdom
November 2022 events in the United Kingdom | {'title': '2022 BT Group strikes', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20BT%20Group%20strikes', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Ivar Fredrik Lassy (18 November 1889 – 4 June 1938) was a Finnish writer and anthropologist who was active in the Socialist and Communist parties. Lassy moved to the Soviet Union in 1923 and was killed during the Great Purge.
Lassy was first a member of the Social Democratic Party but soon switched to the illegal Communist Party of Finland. The mainstream Social Democrats found him too radical, but his distinctive opininons did not please the Communists neither. In his research, Lassy studied the Turkic people of Caucasus and later the history of sexual ethics, although he was expelled from the academic circles for joining the Reds in the 1918 Civil War of Finland.
Life
Early years
Lassy was born in Baku where his father worked as an oil ship captain for the Branobel company. At the age of ten, Lassy was sent to school to Finland. In 1909, Lassy entered the University of Helsinki where he studied aesthetics, philosophy, literature and economics earning his 1916 doctorate in Azerbaijanis folk tradition. The dissertation was based on his field work in Caucasus. In 1917, Lassy published the book Persiska mysterier (The Persian Mysteries), a popular version of his dissertation, and the travel book Bakom gallret och slöjan (Behind Bars and Vail).
Lassy's first language was Swedish. He spoke fluent Finnish and had learned Russian, German, English, French, Persian and Arabic. Lassy's early political views were influenced by philosophers like Rousseau. He also had some left-wing sympathies, although, he was not personally involved with socialists. During the World War I, the Finnish intellectuals were mostly pro-German, but Lassy was a member of a small group that supported the Entente.
Civil War and Politics
As the Civil War broke out in January 1918, Lassy offered his services for the Peoples Delegation and was hired as a translator by Yrjö Sirola. According to Lassy, he joined the Reds because he saw the worker's revolution as a subject on anthropological research, but was soon sucked into the aspect as he learned to understand their demands. After the Battle of Helsinki, Lassy was captured by the Whites and given a 9-year-sentence for treason but he was pardoned in November 1918. At the Suomenlinna prison camp, Lassy was introduced to socialism by his cellmates Sulo Wuolijoki and Taavi Tainio.
Lassy joined the Social Democratic Party and became active in its radical opposition. He worked as an editor for the journal Sosialistinen Aikakauslehti (The Socialist Journal) and helped running the communist smuggling route between Stockholm and Petrograd. In October 1919, Lassy helped the American journalist John Reed across the Russian border. In 1920, Lassy was sent to prison for nearly 2 years of his political activity. During his term at the Tammisaari labor camp, Lassy left the Social Democrats and joined the Socialist Workers Party, a front organization set up by the exiled Communist Party of Finland.
In the Soviet Union
In 1923, he moved to the Soviet Union. Lassy settled in Petrozavodsk where he worked as the People's Commissar for Education of the Karelian ASSR and the principal of the Party School. In 1928, Lassy was transferred to Moscow. He worked as a translator at the Komintern publishing company and the director of the Scandinavian section of the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West. In 1932–1935, Lassy was a scholar of Oriental languages at the Moscow State University. Since 1936, he worked at the Progress Publishers and was the director of the foreign department of the Glavlit.
Lassy's literal works include the 1931 Finnish book Marxismin perusteet (Foundations of Marxism) which was later declared as contrarevolutionary. He also translated to Swedish the first part of Stalin's Foundations of Leninism.
Lassy was arrested for espionage in February 1938. He was executed in June at the Butovo firing range.
Private life
Lassy's first spouse was Ellen Alfhild Söderman, daughter of the businessman Karl Söderman.
Selected works
The Muharram Mysteries Among the Azerbeijan Turks of Caucasia (1916)
Bakom gallret och slöjan (1917)
Persiska mysterier (1917)
Marxismin perusteet (1931)
J. V. Stalin: Leninismens grundfrågor 1, translation by Ivar Lassy and Alice Rosenblad (1938)
References
External links
Finnish journalists
Finnish anthropologists
Finnish orientalists
Finnish translators
Translators to Finnish
Translators to Swedish
Finnish Comintern people
Communist Party of Finland politicians
Socialist Workers Party of Finland politicians
Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Finnish emigrants to the Soviet Union
People of the Finnish Civil War (Red side)
University of Helsinki alumni
Swedish-speaking Finns
Great Purge victims from Finland
Great Purge victims from Azerbaijan
1889 births
1938 deaths
People from Baku Governorate
People from Baku
Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union | {'title': 'Ivar Lassy', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar%20Lassy', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Keith J. Krach (born April 1, 1957) is an American businessman, and former diplomat. He is the former chairman and CEO of DocuSign. Krach co-founded Ariba, and was chairman and CEO, and is recognized for his work in B2B Commerce and Digital Transaction Management. Krach was chairman of the board of Angie’s List. Krach was the youngest-ever Vice President of General Motors. He was Chairman of the board of Trustees for Purdue University.
On June 20, 2019, he was confirmed by the Senate to become Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment in the Trump administration. He was succeeded by acting senior official Marcia Bernicat.
Early life and education
Krach was born in Lakewood, Ohio, to Elda and John Krach, and was raised in the small town of Rocky River, Ohio. Krach says that his first and most important mentors were his parents. Krach's father was “the best leader I’ve ever known in my life. He certainly modeled one heck of a work ethic,” said Krach in a 2017 interview.
At the age of 12, Krach worked as a welder in his father's machine shop, an experience which inspired him to pursue a B.S. in industrial engineering from Purdue University. During his sophomore year (1977), Krach received one of two General Motors scholarships awarded to Purdue engineering students. The scholarship paid for tuition, books, a living stipend, summer jobs with the automaker, and a full-time position with the company in Detroit following graduation.
After graduating from Purdue in 1979, Krach received a fellowship which also included half salary from General Motors to study for an M.B.A. from Harvard University Business School. Upon completion of his master's degree in 1981, he joined GM full time.
Business career
GM and other ventures
Krach began his career at General Motors where he worked at GM's Cadillac Division and Technical Center in Detroit, Michigan and the New York Treasurer's Office under Rick Wagoner. He was named GM's youngest-ever vice president, at 26, in 1984. He was one of the founders of GMF Robotics, a joint venture between GM and Fanuc Robotics, which became the largest provider of industrial robots in the world.
Silicon Valley
Krach left GM and took a job at startup software company Qronos. He joined Qronos as its number 2 executive in 1987 but left after nine months over what he called a conflict over values with the CEO.
In 1988 Krach became a member of the founding team of `Rasna Corporation, a mechanical engineering design software company that was sold to PTC for $500 million in 1995. In 1996, Krach was the first entrepreneur in residence at Benchmark Capital, and in 2008, he became a Benchmark CEO in residence.
Ariba
From 1996 to 2003, Krach served as co-founder, chairman, and CEO of business-to-business e-commerce company Ariba, creating the world’s largest business network transacting $3.75 trillion in commerce annually. In 1999, Krach took Ariba public on Nasdaq, with an initial valuation of $6 billion, which grew to $40 billion by 2000, making it one of the first internet software companies to go public.
In 2000, Krach led the $400 million acquisition of online business auction company Trading Dynamics Inc., and the $1.4 billion acquisition of Tradex software maker for building online communities of buyers and sellers.
DocuSign
In 2009, Krach became the chairman and in 2011 the CEO of DocuSign, a technology company which provides electronic signature and digital transaction management solutions. As CEO, Krach led the creation of the Digital Transaction Management category and the building of the DocuSign Global Trust Network which comprises more than 320,000 companies and 400 million users in 188 countries.
He led efforts to secure strategic investments and support from major companies such as SAP, Google, Salesforce, Visa, Dell, Intel, Samsung, NTT, Mitsui, Telstra, Comcast, FedEx, Deutsche Telekom, and the nation of Singapore.
In January 2017, Krach named his successor as CEO of DocuSign, with his tenure as chairman ending in January 2019. He received a 97% CEO rating on Glassdoor.
DocuSign filed for its IPO in April 2018. As of that date, Krach was the largest individual shareholder unaffiliated with a venture firm.
In an interview with Inside Philanthropy, Krach signaled his intention to focus more on philanthropy upon stepping down as DocuSign chairman.
Board memberships and other roles
From 2006 to 2009, Krach served on the board of directors of XOJet, and from 2007 to 2011, on the board of Ooma.
From 2005 to 2011, Krach served as CEO of 3Points, an investment holding company based in Los Gatos, California.
Additionally, Krach served as board chairman of Angie's List from 2011 to 2014. The company went public in 2011.
Krach has taken on recent initiatives to accelerate “digital transformations” on a national and global front. In 2017, he was named to the NYCx Technology Leadership Advisory Council, a diverse group of technology and community leaders selected by New York City's Mayor, Bill de Blasio.
Krach is the founder of the Global Mentor Network. The organization connects young people with industry leaders through a video-based platform piloted in 2018 with retired four-star General Stanley McChrystal, former NASA Administrator Dan Goldin, City Year Founder Michael Brown, and former Deutsche Bank COO Kim Hammonds.
Awards and recognition
In 1998, Krach was named a top 10 entrepreneur of the year by Red Herring Magazine. In 2000, he received the Technology Pioneer award at the World Economic Forum, in Davos, Switzerland. That same year, he was recognized as one of the top 10 tech execs by Forbes. In 2000 and again in 2015, Krach was named National Entrepreneur of the Year by Ernst & Young. Krach earned the Distinguished Engineer Alumni award from Purdue University in 2006, and in 2012 received the Alumni Achievement award from the National College Senior Honor Society. In 2014, Business Insider recognized him as one of the 50 most powerful people in enterprise tech, and the following year, the San Francisco Business Times recognized him as the most admired CEO. Krach was also awarded a Dell Founder 50 award in 2015. In 2018, Krach received the Life & News 2018 Transformational Leader of the Year award and in 2019 Harvard Business School's 2019 Business Leader of the Year award.
He also received an honorary doctorate from Ohio Northern University in 2015 in Business Administration.
In October 2018, City Year San Jose/Silicon Valley honored Keith and Metta Krach with the City Year Citizen Leadership Award for their service to the Bay Area community and to the organization. The Krach family has given back to the organization through grants, product contributions, and event participation to support shared interest in education, mentorship, and leadership, and this recognition was the first time the organization has honored a couple with the award.
In 2019, Krach was awarded a lifetime achievement award by the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, a non-profit advocacy group that represents more than 390 Silicon Valley firms.
Higher education
In 2005, Sigma Chi Fraternity named Krach its 64th international president. He served through 2007. The fraternity also awarded him the 1979 International Balfour Award, which is given to the outstanding graduating senior fraternity wide.
Upon his election as the 64th Grand Consul, Krach unveiled the 150th anniversary strategic plan that pivoted the vision of the 350,000-member association to become the preeminent collegiate leadership development organization, with the sole mission of the development of values-based leaders, committed to the betterment of character, campus and community.
During his six-year term as Chairman of the Sigma Chi Leadership Training Board, he led the development and launch of Horizons Leadership Summit in Snowbird, Utah and secured funding from the L.G. Balfour Foundation to endow Leadership Training Workshop in 1997.
In 2019, Sigma Chi's main leadership training event was renamed the Krach Transformational Leaders Workshop, fulfilling his vision of developing transformational leaders in an annual immersion program for over 1,500 undergraduates from 240 universities. Participants engage in a series of mentoring sessions, strategic planning exercises, and experiential learning modules which can earn college credit or leadership certificates.
Krach has been honored with Sigma Chi's Significant Sig Award, and the Order of Constantine Award.
Indiana governor Mitch Daniels appointed Krach to the Purdue board of trustees in 2007 and he served as board chairman from 2009 to 2013. In 2012, he recruited Daniels to be the 12th president of the university. During Krach's tenure, Purdue froze tuition and saw record research funding and philanthropic giving of more than $1 billion.
Krach currently serves on the Engineering Leadership Council (ELC).
Krach received an honorary doctorate in industrial engineering from Purdue University in 2018 in recognition for his accomplishments as an entrepreneur, early pioneer in robotics, and as chairman of the board of trustees.
Philanthropy
Krach is the chairman of the DocuSign IMPACT Foundation, DocuSign's philanthropic entity. He established the $30 Million DocuSign IMPACT Foundation with a mission to transform recipient entities by using DocuSign technology to streamline operations and make them more efficient. This nonprofit foundation provides a 1-for-1 match for DocuSign's employees for nonprofit entities such as the Special Olympics, Team Rubicon, Techbridge Girls, Free The Children, and New Story. Krach serves as Advisory Board Chairman for New Story, which, among other causes, provided disaster relief initiative for Haiti after Hurricane Matthew in 2016.
Krach gave a $1 million gift to City Year for the organization's San Jose and Silicon Valley branch to reach about 1,000 students at 12 elementary and middle schools through after-school programs focused on teaching science, technology, engineering, and math. The grant also funds a team of school-based AmeriCorps members, including opportunities for professional development.
Krach co-founded the Children's Autistic Network and served on the board of governors for Opportunity International.
In August 2018, Krach made an endowment-level gift to the Sigma Chi Foundation that will establish the Krach Transformational Leaders Workshop. This will replace the Balfour Leadership Training Workshop as the largest leadership training event in the Greek-letter fraternal world.
Through the Krach Family Foundation, he funded the Keith Krach leadership scholarship at Purdue University. It has been awarded to five students each year since 2009. In 2014, Purdue dedicated the Krach Leadership Center to him.
Author, speaker, and lecturer
Krach is a frequent contributing writer for Forbes, Entrepreneur, and the World Economic Forum on various topics. He has written about global economic security issues in the Wall Street Journal, Newsweek, The Hill, Washington Examiner, Jamaica Observer, The Daily Telegraph (UK), OGlobo (Brazil), and other publications. Krach has lectured on business strategy, technology and building high performance teams at Harvard, Stanford, Berkeley, and IMD business school in Switzerland.
Government service
On June 20, 2019, Krach was confirmed by the Senate as Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, United States Alternate Governor of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and United States Alternate Governor of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
He served as the country's top economic diplomat for the State Department. The position is commonly referred to as the “E” within the department. Krach developed and operationalized the US global economic security strategy that focused on: driving economic growth, maximizing national security, and addressing the China challenge. To accomplish these tasks, the plan was based on three pillars: US economic competitiveness through tech innovation, safeguarding America’s assets, and building a network of trusted partners.
His responsibilities included international trade and investment policy; international finance, development, and debt policy; economic sanctions and combating terrorist financing; international energy security policy; international telecommunications and transportation policies; support for U.S. businesses, and economic policy analysis, public diplomacy, and private sector outreach.
He was also charged with advancing the State Department's economic development agenda; elevating and intensifying the Department's efforts related to energy security, clean energy, and environmental sustainability; and fostering innovation through robust science, entrepreneurship, and technology policies. He covered issues ranging from space to the oceans, with the goal of advancing U.S. strategic interests through policy aimed at ensuring that economic growth and a healthy planet go hand in hand.
His stated mission was to lead economic statecraft initiatives to enhance economic growth, energy security and the health of the planet, in order maximize national security and advance the interests of United States citizens. Several bureaus and offices fell within the purview of the E family, including the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, the Bureau of Energy Resources, the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, the Office of the Chief Economist and the Office of the Science & Technology Adviser.
Krach served as United States Alternate Governor of The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; United States Alternate Governor of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; and United States Alternate Governor of the Inter-American Development Bank. The Under Secretary was the designated Ombudsperson for the U.S.-EU and U.S.-Swiss Privacy Shield Frameworks.
Nomination and confirmation
In Krach's testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he stated that as head of economic diplomacy, his focus would be on embracing this opportunity and harnessing three areas of competitive advantage: strengthening our partnerships with friends and allies, leveraging the innovation and resources of the private sector, and amplifying the moral high ground of our American values and enduring optimism to advance peace and prosperity for our country and for the world.
Democratic Senator Ben Cardin said Krach's testimony was "impressive." Krach was confirmed by unanimous voice vote in the Senate.
Pandemic response
In the spring and summer of 2020, Krach and his State Department team supported efforts to repatriate more than 60,000 Americans who were stranded overseas by the coronavirus pandemic, and also worked to accelerate supply chains for PPE and other vital supplies to safeguard the lives of healthcare workers, patients, and American families.
In March 2020, an article was published by Bloomberg, stating that Krach had made a billion dollars as a result of a runup in DocuSign's stock price, stating that Krach "benefited from a pandemic that's left millions of Americans unemployed." Bloomberg retracted the article and published a letter to the editor from Krach titled "Public Service Is Worth More Than a Billion." In his letter, Krach pointed out that "I divested my entire stake in DocuSign and my other holdings as a condition of joining the federal government, meaning I profited in no way."
He claimed the misstatement jeopardized the mission and credibility of his worldwide team as they were responded to the myriad issues spawned by the pandemic and had the potential to undermine the work of thousands of civil servants and foreign service officers by undercutting their ability to operate with the trust necessary to accomplish the mission.
Congress
Krach advanced bipartisan legislation before Congress. He and his team developed the concept and worked with Senator Todd Young (R-Ind.) and Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) on the $100 billion technology research funding bill called the Endless Frontier Act (S.3832) to give the United States more resources to compete in the tech economy.
They also developed and championed with U.S. Senators John Cornyn (R-TX) and Mark Warner (D-VA) the CHIPS for America Act (S. 3933) for securing the technological future which would ensure the next generation of semiconductors are made in US instead of china by onshoring for semiconductor companies like TSMC.
Because Krach developed Global Economic Security Strategy, he worked closely with Senators Marco Rubio (R-FL), Todd Young (R-IN), Jeff Merkley (D-OR), and Chris Coons (D-DE), to produce the bill called the Global Economic Security Strategy of 2019 Act (S.2826) which creates a statutory requirement for future administrations to produce a Global Economic Security Strategy (GESS) and submit it to Congress. The goal would be to promote free and fair economic relationships between the United States and foreign countries.
During the pandemic, Krach led State Department's efforts to accelerate efforts to reduce supply chain dependency away from China and move production onshore for critical technologies. Krach focused on semiconductors. Because Taiwan's semiconductor industry accounts for roughly 70% of the world's production of sophisticated chips that play a critical role in 5G networks and military hardware, he held in depth discussions with Taiwanese government officials and several Taiwanese companies including the leader, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). This led to the May 14, 2020 announcement of the largest onshoring in US history: TSMC's plan to build a $12 billion 5 nanometer semiconductor fab in the United States. TSMC represented the largest onshoring in US history and ensures U.S. domestic production of chips that were formerly available only from a location with significant political and potential military intervention risks.
Taiwan relationship
On September 17, 2020, Krach was the first Under Secretary to visit Taiwan since the United States stopped recognizing the government in Taipei (replacing it instead in favor of the government in Beijing). Krach attended the funeral of former Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui, and met with President Tsai, and led the development of an economic collaboration agreement which he named the Lee Economic Prosperity Partnership ("EPP") after Taiwan’s "Father of Democracy," former President Lee Teng-hui. A five-year agreement was signed on November 20, 2020. Krach strengthened the U.S.-Taiwan relationship by bolstering support and developing strategies for countering CCP "aggression" with the countries that still recognize Taiwan. The State Department stated that "future EPP Dialoges will strengthen the U.S.-Taiwan economic relationship." Krach also initiated and presided over a U.S.-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement, signed on December 15, 2020. Krach's team and the State Department also established the first step of the TIFA trade agreement in January 2021. The PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the U.S for sending Under Secretary of State Keith Krach to Taiwan. The People’s Republic of China government in Beijing viewed the trip as a provocation by the United States because Krach was attending the memorial service for former President Lee Teng-hui, who had advocated for international recognition of Taiwan. The presence of Under Secretary Krach was perceived as a break in the former U.S. policy of not antagonizing Beijing. In response to Krach's visit, the government in Beijing sent 40 Chinese fighters and bombers on “show of force” missions across the median line of the Taiwan Strait. The US simultaneously announced a $7 billion arms deal with Taiwan, including sea mines, drones and air-to-surface missiles. Der Spiegel reported that "the timing was hardly chosen by chance."
On January 20, 2021, China imposed sanctions against Krach, outgoing US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, former secretary of health and human services Alex Azar, outgoing US ambassador to the United Nations Kelly Craft, and 24 other former Trump officials. Biden's National Security Council called the sanctions "unproductive and cynical."
The Clean Network
Undersecretary of State Krach was responsible for the development and implementation of the Clean Network Alliance of Democracies which is designed to be a US government-led global effort to address what the State Department describes as "the long-term threat to data privacy, security, human rights and principled collaboration posed to the free world from authoritarian malign actors." Krach coined the term "The Clean Network" to describe what he described in his Senate confirmation hearing as an alliance of democracies and companies that operate by a set of trust principles.
The first goal was to secure citizens' personal information, companies' intellectual property and countries' most sensitive information that may be transmitted over Chinese-made "5G" networking equipment used by telecommunications operators. According to the United States, companies like Huawei Technologies and ZTE Corporation are bound by Chinese national intelligence laws that require any Chinese company to turn over any information, intellectual property or data to the Chinese Communist Party upon request.
On May 15, 2020, The Clean Network commenced with three simultaneous announcements of three related initiatives to put Huawei on the defensive and dubbed the 5G Trifecta; the onshoring of TSMC’s semiconductors, the tightening of export controls on Huawei; and the global roll out of the 5G Clean Path.
Krach changed the approach of “pounding on the table” from prior US government officials to treating "countries like customers." He also met repeatedly with the telecommunications companies to create a tipping point of support for using only "trusted vendors." According to Bloomberg Krach's strategy was a notable change in tone after years in which the administration pursued a go-it-alone, "America First" strategy.
Krach had a global campaign that included trips to Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America.
On August 5, 2020, the Clean Network effort expanded with five additional lines of effort: Clean Carrier, Clean Store, Clean Apps, Clean Cable and Clean Cloud. Alibaba, Baidu, China Mobile, China Telecom, and Tencent were named as threats to be countered.
Krach secured commitments to the Clean Network from other EU countries, such as Estonia, Albania, Austria, Germany, Luxembourg, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Bulgaria, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Cyprus. By the end of October 2020, the Clean Network grew to 49 country members, representing two thirds of global GDP, and over 100 Clean Telcos. This includes 26 of 27 EU nations, 27 of 30 NATO members, and 11 of 12 Three Seas countries. In December 2020 and January 2021 Krach onboarded countries including Palau, Ukraine and Georgia. The alliance also includes other countries such as Japan, Israel, Australia, Singapore, Taiwan, Canada, Vietnam, India, and companies like Oracle, HP, Reliance Jio, NEC, Fujitsu, Cisco, Siemens, Softbank, and VMware. Following Krach's Clean Network agreements, Huawei's 5G telecom deals outside of China decreased from 91 to 12, with the Wall Street Journal noting that "The Clean Network has become an undisputed success." Politico deemed the Clean Network strategy unlikely to change in the Biden administration.
Capital markets
Krach led the State Department's efforts to protect American investors from unknowingly financing what he described as the People's Republic of China's military, security, intelligence apparatus and, human rights abuses. He did so by urging U.S. businesses and investment vehicles to disclose Chinese assets and divest Chinese stocks participating in human rights violations. He stated that most Americans have no idea that their own money funds these Chinese companies. He further asserted that through a web of subsidiaries, index funds, financial products and lack of proper disclosure, the average American investor is forced to support Chinese companies in their pension funds, 401Ks, brokerage accounts, charitable and university endowments.
On July 1, 2020, Krach sent a letter to all U.S. CEOs and businesses, asserting their duty to establish governance principles when it comes to investing in entities that directly or indirectly facilitate human rights abuses and Chinese military buildup. On August 18, 2020, Krach also sent a letter to the governing boards of American universities, alerting them to the threats posed to university endowments by Chinese Communist Party companies on the entity list or that contribute to human rights violations, stating "divesting would be prudent in the likely outcome that enhanced listing standards lead to a wholesale delisting of PRC firms from U.S. exchanges. He also urged them to consider publicly disclosing all Chinese company holdings to their campus communities.
On December 8, 2020, in an effort to warn pension holders, Krach issued a U.S. Department of State fact sheet titled "US Investors Are Funding Malign PRC Companies on Major Indices," which listed 13 PRC firms on the Commerce Department’s Entity List, 35 parent-level Communist Chinese Military Companies (CCMCs), and 71 affiliates on the Department of Defense’s List of CCMCs that are included in various U.S. equity indexes.
On January 7, 2021, The New York Stock Exchange announced the delisting of three major Chinese telecommunications firms. China Telecom Corp. shares dropped 9.4% and China Mobile Ltd. fell 7.2%, closing at their lowest prices since 2008 and 2006 respectively. China Unicom’s stock slid 11%. Bloomberg noted, "As far back as August, a senior State Department official, Keith Krach, wrote a letter warning universities to divest from Chinese firms ahead of possible delistings."
On January 14, 2021, Krach cautioned financial institutions by holding a press conference and issuing a U.S. Department of State fact sheet titled "Communist Chinese Military Companies Listed Under E.O. 13959 Have More Than 1,100 Subsidiaries" expanding the list to 44 parent-level CCMCs, and 1,108 subsidiaries cross referenced to MSCI’s and FTSE’s major indexes that are prohibited for US investment and require divestment. Krach stressed that ample notice have been given to compliance officers and risk managers about disclosing the material risk associated to their constituents. Krach recommended to the next administration that it harmonize the various agency lists for continuity of policy with regard to aligning the Defense Department list of CCMCs with the Commerce Department Entity List, and the Military End User list. On January 18, 2021, Krach sent a letter to the leaders of all civil society organizations stressing the importance of clean portfolios with clean funds and urging them to partner only with organizations that are not financing what he described as the CCP’s "egregious" behavior. Krach stated that by combining their actions across the public, business, and education sectors and uniting under the global Clean Network Alliance of Democracies, it creates a "network effect" that he said "has the power to be an exponential force for good secure the free world against rising authoritarianism."
Krach and Ellie Cohanim, U.S. Deputy Special Envoy to Combat Anti-Semitism, penned a Newsweek op-ed comparing genocide in Xinjiang with that of the Holocaust and urging citizens to divest from Chinese stocks involved with human rights abuses. The op-ed also called out the World Economic Forum, the ESG community and Blackrock for being silent on the CCP's genocide.
The Trust Principle Doctrine
Krach’s "Trust Principle" doctrine serves as a new basis for 21st century international relations and as a peaceful alternative to China’s “Power Principle,” of intimidation, retaliation, coercion, and retribution. The ‘Trust Principle’ is based on democratic values which includes respect for the rule of law, property, press, human rights, and national sovereignty, protection of labor and the environment, and standards for transparency, integrity, and reciprocity.
During the pandemic, Under Secretary Krach deployed the “Trust Principle” doctrine building the Clean Network Alliance of Democracies to protect global 5G infrastructure and creating a useable model for overcoming authoritarian economic threats. Leon Panetta, the Secretary of Defense under President Barack Obama said, “The Clean Network pioneered a trust-based model for countering authoritarian aggression across all areas of techno-economic competition.”
Krach also used the “Trust Principle” as a catalyst for developing stronger U.S.-Taiwan relations and supporting Taiwan’s independence. It was instrumental in leading the US to formally recognizing PRC’s “state-sponsored genocide” after Krach’s Fourth of July 2020 television appearance when he became the first U.S. diplomat to publicly label China’s treatment of the Uyghurs “genocide.”
2022 Nobel Peace Prize nomination
Krach's former colleague at the State Department Miles Yu nominated Krach for the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize for his Trust Principle doctrine in developing the Clean Network Alliance of Democracies to defend against technological authoritarianism, protect economic security, preserve democracy in Taiwan, and protect human rights. Any national lawmaker, university professor, and members of certain boards can make a nomination.
Yu's nomination stated, “Peaceful partnership, not fear mongering. That is the stark choice that Keith Krach has enabled through his years-long campaign and mission to unify the world around a common, peaceful technology accord, formally recognized today as the Clean Network alliance. Keith Krach’s attendant efforts regarding human rights abuses by China and Taiwan’s quest for independence are, in many ways, just different colors in the same noble cause that Mr. Krach pursues as a life purpose. The world truly is a better and safer place because of his courage and efforts.”
Personal life
Krach lives in San Francisco, California. He is married to Metta Krach, former senior corporate counsel at Gap Inc., current member of the board of visitors for Georgetown Law School, board of governors for the San Francisco Symphony, and current member of the executive committee of the board of trustees for the Bay Area Discovery Museum. They have five children.
In 2015, Krach successfully caught a thief who had taken his iPhone from his hands. As he chased the thief, he was spotted by police officers, who eventually apprehended the thief. Upon confirming Krach's identity, they provided him with a “legal loophole,” which enabled him to recover his phone sooner, rather than having it impounded as evidence. Krach claimed the officers had recently used DocuSign and shared their positive experiences with him.
References
External links
Keith J. Krach website
1957 births
Living people
Harvard Business School alumni
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
American philanthropists
American technology chief executives
Trump administration personnel
United States Under Secretaries of State | {'title': 'Keith J. Krach', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20J.%20Krach', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Omaha Mustangs were a professional American football team based in Omaha, Nebraska. They began as an independent, semi-pro team in the early 1960s before joining the Professional Football League of America, a newly formed league based on remnants of the United Football League, in 1965. The Mustangs won the PFLA championship in their second season by defeating the Des Moines Warriors in a playoff game in front of 4,530 spectators. The Mustangs were affiliated with the Kansas City Chiefs for the 1967 season (the Chiefs would later be affiliated with the Kansas City Steers).
Omaha moved to the Continental Football League for the 1968 season and finished 7-5 in the Central Division. In September 1968, Glen Hepburn, a two-way player for the Mustangs, died from injuries sustained in a game.
On December 15, 1969 the COFL revoked Omaha's franchise for failure to meet the league's financial obligations. The league itself quietly disbanded after the 1969 season and the Mustangs joined the Trans-American Football League for the 1970 season.
In February 1971 the Mustangs announced they would be joining the Midwest Professional Football League. The Mustangs did not operate for the 1973 season. They were revived as a fully independent team in 1974.
Season-by-season
References
External links
Mustangs recall memorable ride: Omaha semipro football team found a special time, place by Rich Kaipust, Omaha World-Herald, December 25, 2017
Continental Football League teams
American football teams in Nebraska
Sports in Omaha, Nebraska
American football teams established in 1965
American football teams disestablished in 1970
1965 establishments in Nebraska
1970 disestablishments in Nebraska
Professional Football League of America teams
Defunct sports teams in Nebraska | {'title': 'Omaha Mustangs', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaha%20Mustangs', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Eravinalloor is a village in Kottayam district of Kerala state, India, situated from Kottayam town. The village is near Puthuppally and is located on the banks of the Kodoor River.
Geography
The small island-like village is surrounded by water. It is connected to the mainland by four bridges: the Puthuppally bridge to Puthuppally, the Eravinalloor bridge to Thrikkothamangalam, the scenic Parakkalkadavu bridge to Kollad lined with acacia trees, and the Panachikkad bridge to Panachikkad. The total area is less than .
Religion
The village has five temples of the deities. The Subramanya Swamy Temple has a circular sanctum sanctorum, which is unusual for the Dravidian style of temple architecture. The Panachikad Temple is situated away from Eravinalloor. The Our Lady Of Assumption Church represents the Catholic Church in Eravinalloor.
History
Historically, the land on which Eravinalloor is situated was donated to the Kadamuri Narasimha Swami Temple by the king of Thekkumkur. Eravinallor was among five villages on the land (the others being Ancheri, Kadamuri, Thrikkothamangalam and Meenadom); the 'lord Narasimha of Kadamuri Temple' was thus known as the 'panchadesadipathi', or lord of five lands.
Schools
There are two educational institutions in Eravinalloor:Centaury old (1912) lower primary school, situated near the Eravinalloor upper junction, and St. Thomas Upper Primary School (normally called 'Achante School'). St. Thomas Upper Primary School was established by Christian priest Rev Fr Kochimoolayil Mani Elias. The Vivekodayam Sanskrit High School, dedicated to the study of Sanskrit, once existed in the village, but it was dismantled in the 1970s.
References
Villages in Kottayam district | {'title': 'Eravinalloor', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eravinalloor', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Pieter Florisz (1602 or 1606, Monnickendam – 8 November 1658, Øresund) was a Dutch Vice Admiral during the 17th century. He died during the Battle of the Sound.
History
Pieter Florisz was born around 1600 in Monnickendam and lived there until 1654. His father was Floris Florisz Houtcooper, a timber merchant, who also worked as a ship carpenter and started his own shipyard. His youngest brother Floris wore the name Blom or Bloem. It is not known with certainty whether Pieter also called himself or was named so. Little is known about the first forty years of his life. What is known is that he married three times and had four children who all died young. There are some brief indications that he worked for an Amsterdam shipping company that operated in the West Indies. There is more information about the last eighteen years of his life, in which he has participated in various actions and major naval battles on ships of the Dutch war fleet (as captain, bailiff at night, and Vice admiral of the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier).
Death
Pieter Floriszoon died on 8 November 1658 during the Battle of the Sound. The Danish king ordered an embalmer to embalm him with great honors and to be laid out in Denmark. On 8 November 1659, a state funeral took place in the Grote Kerk in Hoorn, where later a marble tomb was erected, a work by Pieter van Campfort, which would be largely lost in a fire in 1838. All that remains is the wooden lid of his coffin and a cracked marble image of the fatal Battle of the Sound. The Lid and image can both be seen in the Westfries Museum in Hoorn. It is said that there were no famous last words in his dying hour, only his great courage.
See also
HNLMS Pieter Florisz (1937) - Ship named after Pieter Floriszoon
References
1600s births
1658 deaths
17th-century Dutch military personnel
Admirals of the navy of the Dutch Republic
Dutch naval personnel of the Anglo-Dutch Wars
People from Monnickendam | {'title': 'Pieter Floriszoon', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter%20Floriszoon', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The handstand push-up (press-up) - also called the vertical push-up (press-up) or the inverted push-up (press-up) also called "commandos"- is a type of push-up exercise where the body is positioned in a handstand. For a true handstand, the exercise is performed free-standing, held in the air. To prepare the strength until one has built adequate balance, the feet are often placed against a wall, held by a partner, or secured in some other way from falling. Handstand pushups require significant strength, as well as balance and control if performed free-standing.
Similar exercises
The movement can be considered a bodyweight exercise similar to the military press, while the regular push-up is similar to the bench press.
Muscles
The primary muscles used in the handstand push-up are the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and triceps brachii.
Ability
The handstand push-up is measured in the Men's Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool (MGFMT). According to one test on competitive male gymnasts in the United States, those competing at Level 4 averaged 3.0 handstand push-ups while those at Level 10 averaged 15.7.
References
External links
- broken link
Bodyweight exercises
Weight training exercises | {'title': 'Handstand push-up', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handstand%20push-up', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Erasmus Benedicter (Benedigt) Kjerschow (Kjerskov) Zahl (19 January 1826 – 29 April 1900) was a privileged trader and an island owner at Kjerringøy in Nordland, Norway. Zahl is known as Nobel Literature Prize laureate Knut Hamsun's monetary supporter, and a representative of the old, traditional Nordland—Hamsun's ideal society. He is also internationally known through the character Mack, who appears in several works of Hamsun, among them Pan (1894), Dreamers (1904), and Benoni and Rosa (1908).
History
Tradesman's son in Nordvika
Erasmus Zahl was born in 1826 in Nordvika in Dønna, where his father Hans Hansen Zahl was a tradesman. His paternal grandparents were tradesman Hans Olsen Zahl and Anne Margrethe, née Zahl in Nordvika. His mother was Anne Sophie Samuelsdatter Budde, a daughter of priest Lord Samuel Jensen Budde and Nicoline Marie Nicolaisdatter Tombsen.
Tradesman in Kjerringøy
In 1840–50, Erasmus Zahl came to Kjerringøy, where he met and married tradesman Jens Nicolai Ellingsen's widow, Anna Elisabeth née Sverdrup. Thereby, he became the owner of Kjerringøy. It was during Zahl's time in Kjerringøy that the trade seat reached its ultimate wealth. Many economically good years, hereunder the herring fishery between 1865 and 1876, led to Zahl increasing his fortune with 156,000 speciedaler to 265,000 speciedaler.
Anna Ellingsen Zahl died in 1879, after she, at the age of 78 years, fell down one of the main building's stairs. As a widower, Zahl introduced several changes at the trade seat. All sale of alcohol was ended, and nor should alcohol be enjoyed together with meals. Zahl let today's church in Kjerringøy be built, finished in 1883.
Erasmus Zahl died in 1900 of apoplectic stroke. He had no children.
Mack
In the late 1800s, Erasmus Zahl gave monetary support to Knut Hamsun as a young and poor author. Later, 1920 Nobel Literature Prize laureate Hamsun used Zahl as a model for the character Mack appearing in many of his novels, among others Pan (1894), Dreamers (1904), and Benoni and Rosa (1908).
The society in Nordland went through major changes during the late 1800s and the early 1900s. Traditions were challenged by modern ideas, and the social hierarchy, in which Zahl had a leading position, would gradually be changed due to factors like industrialisation and urbanisation. Hamsun was, as expressed in his literature, a defender of this old society. For example, in the double novel Benoni and Rosa, Hamsun describes the self-made man of the people Benoni Hartvigsen with ironical distance but at the same time also with considerable sympathy.
Ancestry
See also
Zahl (Norwegian family)
Aristocracy of Norway
References
Literature
NRK.no: Nordland fylkesleksikon: Zahl på Kjerringøy
Store norske leksikon: Kjerringøy handelssted
Norsk biografisk leksikon: Knut Hamsun – utdypning
1826 births
1900 deaths
People from Dønna
Knut Hamsun
Economic history of Norway
Cultural history of Norway | {'title': 'Erasmus Zahl', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus%20Zahl', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
John Martin Creed, FBA (14 October 1889 – 17 February 1940) was an English theologian and clergyman. The son of a vicar, he was educated at Wyggeston Grammar School in Leicester and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (graduating in 1912). He was ordained a priest and elected a fellow at Gonville and Caius in 1914, where he was chaplain from 1915 to 1917. After being a Chaplain to the Forces (1917–19), he was a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, from 1919 until he died. He was also Ely Professor of Divinity from 1926 until his death. He gave the Hulsean Lectures in 1936, and in 1939 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy.
References
Further reading
J. S. Boys Smith, "Obituary: John Martin Creed", The Journal of Theological Studies, vol. 41, no. 162 (1940), pp. 113–118.
J. F. Bethune-Baker, "John Martin Creed, 1889–1940", Proceedings of the British Academy, vol. 26 (1940), pp. 517–530.
1889 births
1940 deaths
English theologians
20th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Ely Professors of Divinity
Fellows of the British Academy | {'title': 'John Martin Creed', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Martin%20Creed', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Jorge Torlades O'Neill (Lisbon, Encarnação, 15 December 1817 (registered 1825) - 18 November 1890), was the titular head of the Clanaboy O'Neill dynasty, whose family has been in Portugal since the 18th century.
Family
He was the second son who became the successor of the previous head José Maria O'Neill and wife Ludovina de Jesus Alves Solano, succeeding his older brother José Carlos O'Neill, who died unmarried and without issue. He was also the representative of the title of Viscount of Santa Mónica, in Portugal, after the death of his younger brother Henrique O'Neill, 1st Viscount of Santa Mónica unmarried and without issue.
Life
He was the Main Manager of the Casa Comercial Torlades, Consul-General of Denmark, Belgium and Greece in Lisbon, Knight and Commander of the Order of Christ, and Knight and Commander of the Order of Our Lady of the Concepcion of Vila Viçosa, Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog of Denmark, Officer of the Order of Leopold of Belgium and of the Order of the Redeemer of Greece, Knight of the Order of the Rose of Brazil, etc., and a personal friend of King Ferdinand II of Portugal. He met Hans Christian Andersen during his visit to Portugal.
Marriage and issue
He married in Lisbon, Encarnação, on 20 June 1846 his first cousin Carolina Teresa O'Neill (Porto, Vitória, 5 January 1822 - Lisbon, 11 November 1893/1913), daughter of Joaquim Maria Torlades O'Neill and wife Joana Carolina de Brito e Cunha, and had two sons:
Jorge Torlades O'Neill II (Lisbon, Encarnação, 15 February 1849 - 11 February 1925)
Artur Torlades O'Neill (Lisbon, São Sebastião da Pedreira, 15 December 1851 - 9 November 1880), married Maria da Glória de Brito de Carvalho Gorjão, daughter of Francisco Gorjão and wife ... de Brito de Carvalho, without issue
See also
Irish nobility
Irish kings
Irish royal families
O'Neill (surname)
Uí Néill, the Irish Dynasty
Ó Neill Dynasty Today
O'Neill of Clannaboy
References
External links
Jorge Torlades O'Neill's Genealogy in a Portuguese Genealogical site
1817 births
1890 deaths
Irish lords
Portuguese diplomats
Portuguese nobility
Portuguese people of Irish descent
Connachta
O'Neill dynasty
19th-century Portuguese people
People from Lisbon
Viscounts of Santa Mónica | {'title': "Jorge Torlades O'Neill I", 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Torlades%20O%27Neill%20I', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Gunungsitoli is a city located in North Sumatra province, Indonesia, on the Indian Ocean island of Nias, west of Sumatra. Gunungsitoli is the island's only city and is the main hub for the island and surrounding smaller islands. Located on the north-eastern side of Nias island, the city was historically a series of fortifications made by the Dutch colonial administration in the 1600s to defend against frequent raids from Nias tribes, especially those from southern parts of the island. Until 1914, it was the only part of the island that was effectively controlled by the Dutch.
, Gunungsitoli had a population of 136,707, which makes it the seventh-most-populous city in North Sumatra. It had a population density of 291.3 people per square kilometre, making it the most-densely populated place on Nias island. Being the only city in the island, Gunungsitoli is the economic hub of the island and the surrounding Nias archipelago, as well as the only place with significant, non-agriculture industries, on the island. The city was previously part of the larger Nias Regency but was separated in 2008.
History
Precolonial
Nias island, together with groups of other islands off the western coast of Sumatra, was mentioned by Ptolemy in 150 CE as "Barus islands". Nias had well-established trade contacts with Arab and Chinese traders since around the seventh century. In 1154, the island was mentioned by Muhammad al-Idrisi as "Niyan" and described as "densely populated, with one big town, and inhabited by many tribes".
Archeological evidence shows humans have inhabited the island for 12,000 years. Remains of tools were found in Tögi Ndrawa cave by Indonesian archeologists from Medan in August 1999. The excavation shows sign of mesolithic culture and that the cave was still inhabited until around 700 years ago. According to folk stories of the Nias people, the island was settled by six ancestor tribes but the current Nias people or Ono Niha—which means "human" in the Nias language—arose more recently, according to records compiled by German missionary Wilhelm Heinrich Sundermann. Migration of Ono Niha people from mainland Sumatra occurred in around 1350; they brought with them knowledge of metallurgy, agriculture, husbandry, and woven clothing. It is unknown whether previous inhabitants of the island were assimilated or out-competed with the arrival of the Ono Niha.
In 1416, Ming treasure voyages led by Zheng He occupied a portion of mainland Sumatra that directly faces Nias island and constructed a port town named Singkuang (New Land). The occupation led to a significant presence of Chinese communities on the island. Around the 1500s, the island was subject to frequent slave raids by ships from Aceh Sultanate, which at the time was under Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah, who sought to conquer the western coast of Sumatra. In 1642, seven ships from Aceh Sultanate were stranded on the eastern coast of the island, resulting in a significant presence of Acehnese communities, which are known locally as Polem people.
Contact with Europeans
First contact between Nias people and Europeans came on 2 July 1664 when Dutch traders and the king of Luaha Laraga made a trade agreement and tariffs for Dutch ships that were using the port in modern-day Idanoi district. In 1668, the Dutch East India Company made agreements with village chiefs around the location of modern-day Gunungsitoli city and the Hinako islands. The company settled the region and built several warehouses but the Dutch traders left the region and abandoned the settlement in 1740 due to decreasing Dutch influence over the region.
Colonial era
In 1776, British traders tried to settled the region but soon also abandoned it because the region was not profitable. For several decades, there was no significant European presence on the island. The British again tried to settle the region in 1821 but the settlement was taken over by the Dutch in 1825. In 1840, the Dutch tried to gain control of the entire island following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 but were unable to establish military presence on the island outside a small area of Gunungsitoli, which was then known as Rapatgebied. Frequent raids by Nias tribes against Dutch fortifications concentrated the settlement in the area that would become the city.
The Dutch were only able to start a significant military campaign against Nias tribes in 1900 and subjugated the entire island by 1914. Nias was one of the last regions of the Indonesian archipelago by to be conquered by the Dutch East Indies. Missionary activities on the island grew after the Dutch established control over the island. In 1916, a mass conversion to Christianity known as Fangesa Sebua (The Great Repentance) occurred on the island. The event started in Gunungsitoli from Idanoi and later spread throughout the island.
Mid-to-late 20th century
Gunungsitoli was one of two locations on Nias where Dutch authorities held German prisoners during World War II. The prisoners were part of formerly bigger German prisoner groups abroad SS Van Imhoff, which was sunk by Japanese bombers off the west coast of Sumatra. Upon hearing news about Japanese attacks on Sumatra, the German prisoners planned a coup against the Dutch colonial authority in the city. The prisoners tried to persuade native police, known as Veldpolities, to revolt. At the time, the city was home to around 60 German prisoners. On 29 March 1942, the native police revolted by shooting Dutch residents and imprisoning Dutch officials, and the city was quickly occupied. On 17 April 1942, the Japanese military landed in the city and was welcomed by the German prisoners, who took over the city. By 24 April 1942, all German prisoners had left the island and the administration was handed over to the Japanese until the end of World War II.
During the Indonesian National Revolution, Gunungsitoli and Nias came under blockade from the Dutch Navy to cut off the island from the western coast of Sumatra. Due to the blockade, the city printed its own banknotes because Republican banknotes from Bukittinggi could not be transported. The banknotes were known as ORIPDA-Nias (Regional Money of Republic Indonesia-Nias). The Dutch military landed in the city in November 1945. The relationship between the newly arrived troops and the city's residents was tense, especially because of constant patrols of Republican youths armed with bambu runcing. Small armed clashes occurred around the city when Dutch military tried to take back control of governmental buildings that were taken over by Indonesian nationalists following the end of the war.
The republican government of Nias was evacuated from Gunungsitoli in the aftermath. In November 1946, the Indonesian National Committee or (Komite Nasional Indonesia) (KNI) led by Roos Telaumbanua attempted to establish armed elements of Republicans such as a branch of the People's Security Agency and the Indonesian National Police around the island. The committee also established a Fonds Kemerdekaan (Independence Fund) to give economic support to the Indonesian republic in Tapanuli, mainland Sumatra, and Kongsi Pelajaran (Shipping Union). The economic support was in form of the sale of copra to Singapore and donating pigs and oil to Tapanuli. Gunungsitoli was one of the main centers of Republican support on the island. Due to Operation Kraai, communication between Nias and Tapanuli was cut off so the island tried to establish communication with Kutaraja, Aceh. On 19 November 1949, officials from North Sumatra visited Gunungsitoli to establish a local government council (Dewan Pemerintah Daerah) on Nias, which was realized in 1950.
In 1975, Nias experienced a tourist boom, especially with Australian tourists, and became destination for surfers. The tourist boom was followed by general improvements to infrastructure in Gunungsitoli and the building of markets and roads. Despite these improvements the boom was short-lived.
21st century
Nias, including Gunungsitoli, was devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami and the 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake. Much of the infrastructure was destroyed, and between 2005 and 2010, the residents became reliant on aid from nonprofit organizations to recover.
In 2008, Gunungsitoli was separated from Nias Regency and became an independent city based on Law Number 47. Following decentralization and becoming an independent city, Gunungsitoli has seen the highest average economic growth in North Sumatra with 6% in 2018 and 6.05% in 2019. The city's infrastructure has been improved and development of the tourist industry has been a particular focus of both local and central government. In 2019, Gunungsitoli, together with other regencies on Nias, hosted Sail Nias, which is an annual yacht tournament and part of the Sail Indonesia event.
Gunungsitoli has been proposed as the capital of the newly proposed Nias Islands Province, which is projected to be separated from North Sumatra. As of 2021, however, the creation of the new province and other proposed new regions has been halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic which put strain on government budgets.
Geography
Gunungsitoli borders North Nias Regency in the north, Nias Regency in the south and west, and the Indian Ocean in the east. The city has many hills with heights of up to above sea level. The city's soil is mostly unstable, and often causes landslides and damage to roads. Soil composition varies from alluvium and limestone to corals and is generally prone to compaction. Limestone often makes underground water undrinkable.
The slope in the city interior varies from 8% to 25%. Coastal areas are mostly flatter with a slope of less than 8%. Gunungsitoli is located between the subduction zone of the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates, making it extremely prone to earthquakes. The city was devastated by the 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake. According to the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency, on average, Gunungsitoli experiences more than 300 earthquakes per month. Due to its coastal location, the city is also prone to tsunamis.
Climate
Gunungsitoli is located close to the equator, and has a tropical rainforest climate with an average of 21 days of rain per month. The average rainfall per month in 2019 was 250.21 mm3 but this can vary widely from 100 and 300 mm3 per month. Moisture in the city is usually between 87% and 95%, and the average temperature is . Wind speed on average per month reaches per hour.
Demographics
The annual population growth in Gunungsitoli was 0.73% in 2020, with sex ratio of 94 males to 100 females. As with other Indonesian cities, the population is young with 95,147 of 136,017 of the population above 15, of reproductive age and considered part of the workforce. In 2020, 46.8% of the city population lived in Gunungsitoli District. Despite the high birthrate and expansive structure of its population pyramid, the population growth was slow because of internal migration to bigger cities such as Padang and Medan.
The majority of the city's population is Protestant with a minority of Muslims, Catholics, and Buddhists. The Protestant population was 116,435, followed by 21,979 Muslims, 10,363 Catholics and 382 Buddhists. The majority of city's residents are Nias people, and there are significant minorities of other ethnicities such as Batak, Minangkabau, Javanese, Chinese Indonesians and Acehnese people. The Chinese population are mainly descendants of traders in the precolonial era while the Acehnese people, who are found mostly around Mudik village on Idanoi, are descendants from Acehnese ships' crews. Most of the Acehnese and Chinese population have been assimilated into Nias society and can fluently speak the Nias language. There were historically populations of Bugis people, especially around the region close to the Hinako Islands, who were killed by raids from Acehnese ships during the precolonial era. Other ethnicities are known by Nias people as "Orang Seberang" (Indonesian: people from across).
Most people in the city speak the Nias language, which is also taught at schools as a regional language. Indonesian is also well-understood in the city.
Governance
Administrative districts
Gunungsitoli has an area of comprising 0.63% of North Sumatra province. The city is divided into six districts (kecamatan), which are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 and the 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2021. The table also includes the number of administrative villages (urban kelurahan) in each district, and its postal code.
Local government
As with all Indonesian cities, the local government of Gunungsitoli is a second-level administrative division that is run by a mayor and vice-mayor together with the city parliament, and is equivalent to a regency. Executive power lies in the mayor and vice-mayor while legislation duties are carried on by the local parliament. Mayor, vice-mayor, and parliament members are democratically elected by the city's residents. Heads of districts are directly appointed by the city mayor on the recommendation of the city secretary.
Politics
On a provincial level, Gunungsitoli is part of the eighth electoral district of North Sumatra province together with the Nias, South Nias, North Nias, and West Nias Regencies (i.e. the entire Nias Island), which together have six representatives in the provincial parliament. On the city level, it is divided into three electoral districts and together, the city parliament has 25 representatives.
Economy
The biggest contributor to Gunungsitoli's gross regional product is the trade sector with a figure of 25.49%, followed by construction with 21.82%, and fisheries and agriculture with 14.6%. Economic growth was 6.05% in 2019. The city's gross regional product (GRP) in 2021 was 5,776.11 billion rupiahs, which was the second-highest in the island after South Nias Regency.
Agriculture and fisheries
Despite it being smaller than other sectors in terms of contribution to the GRP, agriculture employs around 31% of the city's workforce. In 2019, of the city was cultivated for paddy with a crop yield of 12,997 tons. Copra is among the island's main exports and is shipped from Gunungsitoli after being harvested from neighbouring regencies. Other cultivated crops in Gunungsitoli are maize with a crop yield of 655.54 tons, cassava with 1,456 tons, and sweet potatoes with production of 634.25 tons. Most of the city's population planted cassava without harvesting it, and instead used its leaves to feed pigs. The pig population in Gunungsitoli as of 2020 was 2,699. The city's egg production was 268 tons in 2020. The same year's fish catch was 6,284 tons from the sea and 129 tons of freshwater fish.
Industry
North Gunungsitol hosts the only shipyard on Nias. The shipyard was built in 2017 and started operating in 2019, mostly repairing and painting ships. The city government runs an ice factory mainly to support the city's fisheries. The factory has capability to produce around 300 blocks of ice per day. Other industries in the city include production of foods for livestock. Gunungsitoli has significant tofu industry; tofu is produced from soybeans from other regions such as Sibolga. Other processed products in the city includes dodol with durian flavour, which is Nias' signature dish; furniture products, and taro-related products.
There are also fisheries-related industries such as fish processing and production of canned fish.
Tourism
Gunungsitoli is the main gateway to Nias and a hub for tourists before reaching their destinations elsewhere on the island. According to the city government, there are 110 tourist spots inside the city. Despite the decline of the tourist industry following earthquakes, there are still significant international tourist visits, mostly by Australians. Tourist potential includes Nias culture, as well as beaches and natural spots such as cave and waterfalls. In 2019, 64,767 tourists—mostly domestic—visited the city. The tourist sector is supported by 23 hotels in the city as of 2019.
Finance
There are several banks in Gunungsitol such as North Sumatra Bank, Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Bank Negara Indonesia, Bank Mandiri, and Bank Danamon. There are also several insurance companies—mostly state-owned—such as Jiwasraya and Putra Muda. The finance sector contributed 3.29% to the city's GRP as of 2021.
Infrastructure
As of 2020, Gunungsitol had 28 kindergartens, 105 elementary schools, 35 junior high schools, and 12 senior high schools, in addition to 14 vocational high schools and six higher education institutions. In late 2021, several higher colleges and schools merged to form Nias Raya University. It is the island's first university and its main campus is located in South Nias Regency.
There were four hospitals, nine polyclinics, six puskesmas, 20 healthcare centers, and six pharmacies. The city's main public hospital is Dr. M. Thomsen Regional Hospital, which is named after a Christian missionary and doctor who operated in the region during the colonial era. Previously, it was named Gunungsitoli Regional Hospital. The hospital is operated by the Nias Regency government because the city was previously part of that regency. It underwent an expansion in early 2021.
Convenience store chains such as Alfamart and Indomaret opened shops in Gunungsitoli in mid-2020. This received harsh criticism and rejection from many locals. Incumbent mayor Lakhomizaro said he was threatened by an unknown person when attending a Christmas celebration in the city's main church because he had issued convenience store permits.
Gunungsitoli's internet connectivity is mostly provided by Telkomsel though both cellular and fiber optic for its service IndiHome. The fiber optic service is available in Gunungsitoli, South Gunungsitoli, and Gunungsitoli Idanoi districts. Other providers in the city are XL Axiata and Indosat. As of 2019, all the providers are in 4G.
Landmarks
Gunungsitoli has a number of public parks, including Ya'ahowu Park located in Jl. Saompo, a coastal area of the city. The park is often used as place for cultural events and other celebrations such as Indonesian Independence Day, Christmas, and Nias Festival. Ya'ahowu Park was built on the ruins of houses that were destroyed in the aftermath of the 2005 Nias earthquake. It was named after word "ya'ahowu" which roughly means "bless you" in Nias language, often used to greet each other. Around the park are monuments such as the Durian Monument and the Nias Earthquake Monument. Names of the victims from the 2005 earthquake are written on the monument to commemorate the disaster, and at the top is a piece of debris from the earthquake. Other parks such as Doa Bunda Maria Park and a heroes' cemetery also exist in the city.
There are also other monuments in the city such as the Salib Monument in the city's main market. The monument was built by the city government and inaugurated on 6 December 2020. In South Gunungsitoli district, there are historical buildings such as cemetery and former house of missionaries that spread Christianity on Nias, Jemaat Petrus Ombolata church, and a former dormitory building. These buildings are said by city's Department of Tourism and Culture to be more than 100 years old; they had deteriorated due to their age and were restored. The city government plans to turn the buildings into a religious tourism destination, in addition to being proposed to be cultural heritage property.
Transportation
Gunungsitoli has of roads, most of which are paved with asphalt. Road quality varies, however, because of frequent earthquakes and poor soil condition. According to Statistics Indonesia, in 2019, more than 30% of city's roads were considered damaged. Gunungsitoli is served by Binaka Airport with regular flights to Medan and Jakarta.
The city has two ports; Angin Port and Roro Siwalubanua II Port, both of which provide service for passengers and container freight. There are regular ferry routes to Sibolga, Singkil, and Padang. The city is also served by Sea Toll Program, which has routes to Padang and Jakarta.
Like other Indonesian cities, Gunungsitoli has angkots (shared taxis), which are regulated by the city government and use Faekhu Passenger Terminal located at South Gunungsitoli. The terminal is intended both for angkot and buses. Perum DAMRI has a bus route to the town Telukdalam, South Nias.
References
Populated places in North Sumatra
Populated coastal places in Indonesia
Cities in North Sumatra
Cities in Indonesia | {'title': 'Gunungsitoli', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunungsitoli', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Christopher Wade is a retired real estate broker/owner of Ozarks Realty Company in Flippin, Arkansas. He was the real estate agent associated to the Clinton's Whitewater controversy in Arkansas.
Career
Wade was a real estate broker/owner of Ozarks Realty Company in Flippin, Arkansas. In 1974, Wade was Realtor of the Year in Arkansas.
Personal
Wade's father was Milton Wade, who started in real estate in the 1960s. In February 1971, the Wade family purchased the real estate company. Wade's ex-wife Rosalee is currently the Principal Broker of Ozarks Realty Company.
Whitewater controversy
Chris Wade was the real estate broker for Jim McDougal and Bill Clinton for the Whitewater Development Corporation. He sold the lots for the Clintons and McDougals. He ended up buying some of the land from them. In 1985, Jim McDougal traded the few remaining Whitewater lots to Wade for an airplane and the assumption of $35,000 in bank debt to 1st Ozark. The Clintons and McDougals were still personally obligated on the note. He came into front page national news as a result of the Whitewater investigations.
On March 21, 1995, Wade pleaded guilty to two felony counts including bankruptcy fraud.
Wade entered a guilty plea of one felony violation for making a false report to overvalue property influencing a Bank, S&L, or a federal agencies-bankruptcy fraud to the Whitewater special prosecutor, Kenneth Starr. He was sentenced to 15 months in prison for the loan fraud.
On Jan 20, 2001, President Bill Clinton's last day in office as the President, Wade was pardoned for Bank fraud, false statements on a loan application (18 U.S.C. §§ 152, 1014). With just hours to go in his presidency, Bill Clinton issued a pardon to Chris Wade, which became part of the Bill Clinton pardons controversy.
References
External links
CNN, All Politics, Arkansas Roots, April 12, 1999
The Washington Post, Caught in the Whitewater Quagmire, August 28, 1995; Page A01
The Special Committee's Whitewater Report, Summary of the Evidence
CNN, All Politics, FBI agent traces money trail at McDougal trial, March 12, 1999
American real estate brokers
Living people
People from Marion County, Arkansas
Recipients of American presidential pardons
Whitewater controversy
1945 births | {'title': 'Chris Wade (real estate broker)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Wade%20%28real%20estate%20broker%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Hyria (, ; , ) is a toponym mentioned in Homer's Catalogue of Ships, where the leading position in the list is given to the contingents from Boeotia, where Hyria and stony Aulis, where the fleet assembled, lead the list.
The site was assigned to the territory of Tanagra by Strabo, who is not more precise about its location, which was apparently no longer inhabited in his time. Pausanias does not mention it. Modern identifications of the site near Aulis place it near Megalo Vouno, on a mound of the coastal plain near the beach of Drámesi (), where the surface is strewn with Late Helladic pottery sherds and excavation has revealed Early Mycenaean pottery from a tomb.
There lived a childless king called Hyrieus, who had prayed to the gods for a son. Zeus, Poseidon and Hermes, visitors in disguise responded by urinating on a bull's hide and burying it in the earth which produced a child. He was named Orion—as if "of the urine"— after the unusual event.
Like some other archaic names of Greek cities, such as Athenai or Mycenae, the form Hyria is a plural form: its name would once had evoked the place of "the sisters of the beehive", if Hesychius's Glossai, is correct in stating that the Cretan word ὕρον - hyron (singular) meant 'swarm of bees' or 'beehive'. Through his "beehive" birthplace Orion is linked to Potnia, the Minoan-Mycenaean "Mistress" older than Demeter—who was herself sometimes called "the pure Mother Bee". Winged, armed with toxin, creators of the fermentable honey (see mead), seemingly parthenogenetic in their immortal hive, bees functioned as emblems of other embodiments of the Great Mother: Cybele, Rhea the Earth Mother, and the archaic Artemis as honored at Ephesus. Pindar remembered that the Pythian pre-Olympic priestess of Delphi remained "the Delphic bee" long after Apollo had usurped the ancient oracle and shrine. The Homeric Hymn to Apollo acknowledges that Apollo's gift of prophecy first came to him from three bee-maidens.
Its site is located near modern Tseloneri.
Notes
Populated places in ancient Boeotia
Former populated places in Greece
Locations in the Iliad | {'title': 'Hyria (Boeotia)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyria%20%28Boeotia%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
John Wiley Hill (November 26, 1890 – March 17, 1977) was an American public relations executive. He co-founded Hill & Knowlton with Donald Knowlton in 1933.
Life and career
Hill worked as a journalist for 18 years, eventually becoming an editor and financial columnist. Hill moved to public relations in 1927, opening a firm in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1933, he brought in Donald Knowlton and began their firm. It eventually became the world's largest public relations firm.
Hill was the mastermind behind a plan called , designed to sow doubt in the minds of the public about the threats of tobacco smoking. The campaign paid scientists to publicly counter the claims of other scientists who said that smoking led to lung cancer. These scientists then later falsely testified to that effect in court when they were sued by smokers who were dying or suffering from lung-related illnesses due to smoking.
Hill died in Manhattan of a brain tumor.
References
External links
John W. Hill (r) and Don S. Knowlton, of the public relations firm of Hill & Knowlton, giving testimony before the Senate Civil Liberties Committee on steel company public relations campaign via United States Library of Congress
John Wiley Hill (1890 - 1977) via Public Relations Society of America
1890 births
1977 deaths
Public relations pioneers
People from Shelbyville, Indiana | {'title': 'John W. Hill', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20W.%20Hill', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
James Baird Weaver (June 12, 1833 – February 12, 1912) was an American politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives and two-time candidate for President of the United States. Born in Ohio, he moved to Iowa as a boy when his family claimed a homestead on the frontier. He became politically active as a young man and was an advocate for farmers and laborers. He joined and quit several political parties in the furtherance of the progressive causes in which he believed. After serving in the Union Army in the American Civil War, Weaver returned to Iowa and worked for the election of Republican candidates. After several unsuccessful attempts at Republican nominations to various offices, and growing dissatisfied with the conservative wing of the party, in 1877 Weaver switched to the Greenback Party, which supported increasing the money supply and regulating big business. As a Greenbacker with Democratic support, Weaver won election to the House in 1878.
The Greenbackers nominated Weaver for president in 1880, but he received only 3.3percent of the popular vote. After several more attempts at elected office, he was again elected to the House in 1884 and 1886. In Congress, he worked for expansion of the money supply and for the opening of Indian Territory to white settlement. As the Greenback Party fell apart, a new anti-big business third party, the People's Party ("Populists"), arose. Weaver helped to organize the party and was their nominee for president in 1892. This time he was more successful and gained 8.5percent of the popular vote and won five states, but still fell far short of victory. The Populists merged with the Democrats by the end of the 19th century, and Weaver went with them, promoting the candidacy of William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896, 1900, and 1908. After serving as mayor of his home town, Colfax, Iowa, Weaver retired from his pursuit of elective office. He died in Iowa in 1912. Most of Weaver's political goals remained unfulfilled at his death, but many came to pass in the following decades.
Early years
James Baird Weaver was born in Dayton, Ohio, on June 12, 1833, the fifth of thirteen children of Abram Weaver and Susan Imlay Weaver. Weaver's father was a farmer, also born in Ohio, and a descendant of Revolutionary War veterans. He married Weaver's mother, who was from New Jersey, in 1824. Shortly after Weaver's birth, in 1835, the family moved to a farm nine miles north of Cassopolis, Michigan. In 1842, the family moved again to the Iowa Territory to await the opening of former Sac and Fox land to white settlement the following year. They claimed a homestead along the Chequest Creek in Davis County. Abram Weaver built a house and farmed his new land until 1848, when the family moved to Bloomfield, the county seat.
Abram Weaver, a Democrat involved in local politics, was elected clerk of the district court in 1848; he often vied for election to other offices, usually unsuccessfully. Weaver's brother-in-law, Hosea Horn, a Whig, was appointed postmaster the following year, and through him James Weaver secured his first job, delivering mail to neighboring Jefferson County. In 1851 Weaver quit the mail route to read law with Samuel G. McAchran, a local lawyer. Two years later, Weaver interrupted his legal career to accompany another brother-in-law, Dr. Calvin Phelps, on a cattle drive overland from Bloomfield to Sacramento, California. Weaver initially intended to stay and prospect for gold, but instead booked passage on a ship for Panama. He crossed the isthmus, boarded another ship to New York, and returned home to Iowa.
Upon his return, Weaver worked briefly as a store clerk before resuming the study of law. He enrolled in the Cincinnati Law School in 1855, where he studied under Bellamy Storer. While in Cincinnati, Weaver began to question his support for the institution of slavery, a change biographers attribute to Storer's influence. After graduating in 1856 Weaver returned to Bloomfield and was admitted to the Iowa bar. By 1857, he had broken with the Democratic Party of his father to join the growing coalition that opposed the expansion of slavery, which became the Republican Party.
Weaver traveled around southern Iowa in 1858, giving speeches on behalf of his new party's candidates. That summer, he married Clarrisa (Clara) Vinson, a schoolteacher from nearby Keosauqua, Iowa, whom he had courted since he returned from Cincinnati. The marriage lasted until Weaver's death in 1912 and the couple had eight children. After the wedding, Weaver started a law firm with Hosea Horn and continued his involvement in Republican politics. He gave several speeches on behalf of Samuel J. Kirkwood for governor in 1859 in a campaign that focused heavily on the slavery debate; although the Republicans lost Weaver's Davis County, Kirkwood narrowly won the election. The next year, Weaver served as a delegate to the state convention and, although not a national delegate, traveled with the Iowa delegation to the 1860 Republican National Convention, where Abraham Lincoln was nominated. Lincoln carried Iowa and won the election, but Southern states responded to the Republican victory by seceding from the Union. By April 1861, the American Civil War had begun.
Civil War
After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, Lincoln called for 75,000 men to join the Union Army. Weaver enlisted in what became CompanyG of the 2nd Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and was elected the company's first lieutenant. The 2nd Iowa, commanded by Colonel Samuel Ryan Curtis, a former Congressman, was ordered to Missouri in June 1861 to secure railroad lines in that border state. Weaver's unit spent that summer in northern Missouri and did not see action. Meanwhile Clara gave birth to the couple's second child and first son, named James Bellamy Weaver after his father and Bellamy Storer.
Weaver's first chance at action came in February 1862, when the 2nd Iowa joined Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant's army outside the Confederate Fort Donelson in Tennessee. Weaver's company was in the thick of the fight, which he described as a "holocaust to the demon of battles", and he took a minor wound in the arm. The rebels surrendered the next day, the most important Union victory of the war to date. The 2nd Iowa next joined other units in the area at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, to mass for a major assault deeper into the South. Confederate forces met them there, in the Battle of Shiloh. Weaver's regiment was in the center of the Union lines, in the area later known as the "hornets' nest", and were forced to retreat amid fierce fighting. The next day, the Union forces turned the tide and forced the rebels off the field in what Weaver called a "perfect rout". The carnage at Shiloh (some 20,000 killed and wounded on both sides) was on a scale never before seen in American warfare, and both sides learned that the war would end neither quickly nor easily.
After Shiloh, Weaver and the 2nd Iowa slowly advanced to Corinth, Mississippi, where he was promoted to major. Rebel forces attacked the Union armies there in the Second Battle of Corinth, where Weaver's courage in that Union victory convinced his superiors to promote him to colonel after the regiment's commanding officer was killed. After Corinth, Weaver's unit took up garrison duty in northern Mississippi. In the summer of 1863 they were redeployed to the Tennessee–Alabama border, again on occupation duty around Pulaski, Tennessee. They rejoined the action at the Battle of Resaca, a part of the Atlanta Campaign, then continued with Major General William Tecumseh Sherman's march through Georgia to the sea in 1864. Weaver's enlistment ended in May 1864, and he returned to his family in Iowa. After the war ended Weaver received a promotion to brevet brigadier general, backdated to March 13, 1865.
Republican politics
Soon after returning from the war Weaver became editor of a pro-Republican Bloomfield newspaper, the Weekly Union Guard. At the 1865 Iowa Republican State Convention, he placed second for the nomination for lieutenant governor. The following year, Weaver was elected district attorney for the second judicial district, covering six counties in southern Iowa. In 1867, President Andrew Johnson appointed him assessor of internal revenue in the first Congressional district, which extended across southeastern Iowa. The job came with a $1500 salary, plus a percentage of taxes collected over $100,000. Weaver held that lucrative position until 1872, when Congress abolished it. He also became involved in the Methodist Episcopal Church, serving as a delegate to a church convention in Baltimore in 1876. Membership in the Methodist church coincided with Weaver's interest in the growing movement for prohibition of the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages. His income and prestige grew along with his family, which included seven children by 1877. Weaver's success allowed him to build a large new home for his family, which still stands.
Weaver's work for the party led many to support his nomination to represent Iowa's 6th congressional district in the federal House of Representatives in 1874. Many party insiders, however, were wary of Weaver's association with the Prohibition movement and preferred to remain uncommitted on the divisive issue. At the convention, Weaver led on the first ballot, but ultimately lost the nomination by one vote to Ezekiel S. Sampson, a local judge. Weaver's allies attributed his loss to "the meanest kind of wire pulling", but Weaver shrugged off the defeat and aimed instead at the gubernatorial nomination in 1875. He launched a vigorous effort, courted delegates around the state, and explicitly endorsed Prohibition and greater state control of railroad rates. Weaver attracted many delegates' support, but alienated those who were friendly to the railroads and wished to avoid the liquor issue. Opposition was scattered among several lesser-known candidates, mostly members of Senator William B. Allison's conservative wing of the party. They united at the convention when a delegate unexpectedly nominated former governor Kirkwood. The nomination carried easily and, after Allison's associates persuaded him to accept it, Kirkwood was nominated, and went on to win the election. In a further defeat, the delegates refused to endorse Prohibition in the party platform. Weaver had small consolation in a nomination to the state Senate, but he lost to his Democratic opponent in the election that fall.
Switch to the Greenback Party
After his defeats in 1875 Weaver grew disenchanted with the Republican party, not only because it had spurned him, but also because of the policy choices of the dominant Allison faction. In May 1876 he traveled to Indianapolis to attend the national convention of the newly formed Greenback Party. The new party had arisen, mostly in the West, as a response to the economic depression that followed the Panic of 1873. During the Civil War, Congress had authorized "greenbacks", a new form of fiat money that was redeemable not in gold but in government bonds. The greenbacks had helped to finance the war when the government's gold supply did not keep pace with the expanding costs of maintaining the armies. When the crisis had passed, many in both parties, especially in the East, wanted to place the nation's currency on a gold standard as soon as possible. The Specie Payment Resumption Act, passed in 1875, ordered that greenbacks be gradually withdrawn and replaced with gold-backed currency beginning in 1879. At the same time, the depression had made it more expensive for debtors to pay debts they had contracted when currency was less valuable. Beyond their support for a larger money supply, Greenbackers also favored an eight-hour work day, safety regulations in factories, and an end to child labor. As historian Herbert Clancy put it, they "anticipated by almost fifty years the progressive legislation of the first quarter of the twentieth century".
In the 1876 presidential campaign the Republicans nominated Rutherford B. Hayes and the Democrats chose Samuel J. Tilden. Both candidates opposed the issuance of more greenbacks (candidates who favored the gold-backed currency were called "hard money" supporters, while the Greenbackers' policy of encouraging inflation was known as "soft money".) Weaver was impressed with the Greenbackers and their candidate, Peter Cooper, but while he advocated some soft-money policies, he declined the Greenback nomination for Congress and remained a Republican; he campaigned for Hayes in the election that year. In 1877 Weaver attended the Republican state convention and saw the state party adopt a soft-money platform that also favored Prohibition. The gubernatorial nominee, however, was John H. Gear, an opponent of Prohibition who had worked to defeat Weaver in his quest for the governorship two years earlier. After initially supporting Gear Weaver joined the Greenback party in August. He gave speeches on behalf of his new party, debated former allies across the state, and establishing himself as a prominent advocate for the Greenback cause.
Congress
In May 1878 Weaver accepted the Greenback nomination for the House of Representatives in the 6th district. Although Weaver's political career up to then had been as a staunch Republican, Democrats in the 6th district thought that endorsing him was likely the only way to defeat Sampson, the incumbent Republican. Since the start of the Civil War, Democrats had been in the minority across Iowa; electoral fusion with Greenbackers represented their best chance to get their candidates into office. Hard-money Democrats objected to the idea, but some were reassured when Henry H. Trimble, a prominent Bloomfield Democrat, assured them that if elected Weaver would align with House Democrats on all issues other than the money question. Democrats declined to endorse any candidate at the 6th district convention, but soft-money leaders in the party circulated their own slate of candidates that included Democrats and Greenbackers. The Greenback–Democrat ticket prevailed, and Weaver was elected with 16,366 votes to Sampson's 14,307.
Weaver entered the 46th Congress in March 1879, one of thirteen Greenbackers elected in 1878. Although the House was closely divided, neither major party included the Greenbackers in their caucus, leaving them few committee assignments and little input on legislation. Weaver gave his first speech in April 1879, criticizing the use of the army to police Southern polling stations, while also decrying the violence against black Southerners that made such protection necessary; he then described the Greenback platform, which he said would put an end to the sectional and economic strife. The next month, he spoke in favor of a bill calling for an increase in the money supply by allowing the unlimited coinage of silver, but the bill was easily defeated. Weaver's oratorical skill drew praise, but he had no luck in advancing Greenback policy ideas.
In 1880 Weaver prepared a resolution stating that the government, not banks, should issue currency and determine its volume, and that the federal debt should be repaid in whatever currency the government chose, not just gold as the law then required. The proposed resolution would never be allowed to emerge from committees dominated by Democrats and Republicans, so Weaver planned to introduce it directly to the whole House for debate, as members were permitted to do every Monday. Rather than debate a proposition that would expose the monetary divide in the Democratic Party, Speaker Samuel J. Randall refused to recognize Weaver when he rose to propose the resolution. Weaver returned to the floor each succeeding Monday, with the same result, and the press took notice of Randall's obstruction. Eventually, Republican James A. Garfield of Ohio interceded with Randall to recognize Weaver, which he reluctantly did on April 5, 1880. The Republicans, mostly united behind hard money, largely voted against the measure, while many Democrats joined the Greenbackers voting in favor. Despite support by the soft-money Democrats, the resolution was defeated 84–117 with many members abstaining. Although he lost the vote, Weaver had promoted the monetary issue in the national consciousness.
Presidential election of 1880
By 1879, the Greenback coalition had divided, with the faction most prominent in the South and West, led by Marcus M. "Brick" Pomeroy, splitting from the main party. Pomeroy's faction, called the "Union Greenback Labor Party", was more radical and emphasized its independence, and suggested that Eastern Greenbackers were likely to "sell out the party at any time to the Democrats". Weaver remained with the rump Greenback party, often called the "National Greenback Party", and the national reputation he had earned in Congress made him one of the party's leading presidential hopefuls.
The Union Greenbackers held their convention first and nominated Stephen D. Dillaye of New Jersey for president and Barzillai J. Chambers of Texas for vice president, but also sent a delegation to the National Greenback convention in Chicago that June, with an eye toward reuniting the party. The two factions agreed to reunify, and also to admit a delegation from the Socialist Labor Party. Thus united, the convention turned to nominations. Weaver led on the first ballot, and on the second he secured a majority. Chambers won the convention's vote for vice president.
In a departure from the political traditions of the day Weaver himself campaigned, making speeches across the South in July and August. As the Greenbackers had the only ticket that included a Southerner, Weaver and Chambers hoped to make inroads in the South. As the campaign progressed, however, Weaver's message of racial inclusion drew violent protests in the South, as the Greenbackers faced the same obstacles the Republicans did in the face of increasing black disenfranchisement. In the autumn Weaver campaigned in the North, but the Greenbackers' lack of support was compounded by Weaver's refusal to run a fusion ticket in states where Democratic and Greenbacker strength might have combined to outvote the Republicans.
Weaver received 305,997 votes and no electoral votes, compared to 4,446,158 for the winner, Republican James A. Garfield, and 4,444,260 for Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock. The party was strongest in the West and South, but in no state did Weaver receive more than 12percent of the vote (his best state was Texas, with 11.7percent); his nationwide total was just 3percent. That figure represented an improvement over the Greenback vote of 1876, but to Weaver, who expected twice as many votes as he received, it was a disappointment.
Office-seeker and party promoter
After the election Weaver returned to the lame-duck session of Congress and proposed an unsuccessful constitutional amendment that would have provided for the direct election of Senators. After his term expired in March he resumed his speaking tour, promoting the Greenback Party across the nation. He and Edward H. Gillette, another Iowa Greenback Congressman, bought the Iowa Tribune in 1882 to help spread the Greenback message. That same year, Weaver ran for his old 6th district seat in the House against the incumbent Republican, Marsena E. Cutts. This time the Democrats and Greenbackers ran separate candidates, and Weaver finished a distant second. Cutts died before taking office, and the Republicans offered to let Weaver run unopposed in the special election if he rejoined their party; he declined, and John C. Cook, a Democrat, won the seat.
In 1883 Weaver was the Greenback nominee for governor of Iowa. Again, the Democrats ran a separate candidate and the incumbent Republican, Buren R. Sherman, was re-elected with a plurality. Weaver was a delegate to the 1884 Greenback National Convention in Indianapolis and supported the eventual nominee, Benjamin Butler of Massachusetts. Back in Iowa, Weaver again ran for the House, this time with the Democrats' support. Greenback fortunes declined nationally, as Butler received just over half as many votes for president as Weaver had four years earlier. Weaver's House race bucked the trend: he defeated Republican Frank T. Campbell by just 67 votes.
Return to Congress
Unlike in his previous congressional term, when Weaver entered the 49th United States Congress, he was the only Greenback member. The new president, Democrat Grover Cleveland, was friendly to Weaver, and asked his advice on Iowa patronage. As it had been for years, Weaver's chief concern was with the nation's money and finance, and the relationship between labor and capital.
In 1885 Weaver proposed the creation of a Department of Labor, which he suggested would find a solution to disputes between labor and management. Labor tensions increased the following year as the Knights of Labor went on strike against Jay Gould's rail empire, and a strike against the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company ended in the bloody Haymarket riot. Weaver believed the nation's hard-money policies were responsible for labor unrest, calling it "purely a question of money, and nothing else" and declaring, "If this Congress will not protect labor, it must protect itself". He saw the triumph of one plank of the Greenback platform when Congress established the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the railroads. Weaver thought the bill should have given the government more power, including the ability to set rates directly, but he voted for the final bill.
Weaver also took up the issue of white settlement in Indian Territory. For several years, white settlers had been claiming homesteads in the Unassigned Lands in what is now Oklahoma. After the Civil War the Five Civilized Tribes had been forced to cede their unused western lands to the federal government. The settlers, known as Boomers, believed that federal ownership made the lands open to settlement under the Homestead Acts. The federal government disagreed, as did the Cherokee Nation, which leased its neighboring Cherokee Outlet to Kansas cattle ranchers, and many Easterners, who believed the Boomers to be the tools of railroad interests. Weaver saw the issue as one between the landless poor homesteaders and wealthy cattlemen, and took the side of the former. He introduced a bill in December 1885 to organize Indian Territory and the neighboring Neutral Strip into a new Oklahoma Territory. The bill died in committee, but Weaver reintroduced it in February 1886 and gave a speech calling for the Indian reservations to be broken up into homesteads for individual Natives and the remaining land to be open to white settlement.
The Committee on Territories again rejected Weaver's bill, but approved a compromise measure that opened the Unassigned Lands, Cherokee Outlet, and Neutral Strip to settlement. Congress debated the bill over several months, while the tribes announced their resistance to their lands becoming a territory; according to an 1884 Supreme Court decision, Elk v. Wilkins, Native Americans were not citizens, and thus would have no voting rights in the new territory. When Weaver returned to Iowa to campaign for re-election, the bill was still in limbo. Running again on a Democratic–Greenback fusion ticket, Weaver was re-elected to the House in 1886 with a 618-vote majority.
In the lame-duck session of 1887 Congress passed the Dawes Act, which allowed the president to terminate tribal governments, and broke up Indian reservations into homesteads for individual natives. Although the Five Civilized Tribes were exempt from the Act, the spirit of the law encouraged Weaver and the Boomers to continue their own efforts to open western Indian Territory to white settlement. Weaver reintroduced his Oklahoma bill in the new Congress the following year, but again it stalled in committee. He returned to Iowa for another re-election campaign in September 1888, but the Greenback party had fallen apart, replaced by a new left-wing third party, the Union Labor Party. In Iowa's 6th district, the new party agreed to fuse with Democrats to nominate Weaver, but this time the Republicans were stronger. Their candidate, John F. Lacey, was elected with an 828-vote margin. The Union Laborites and their presidential candidate, Alson Streeter, fared poorly nationally as well, and the new party soon dissolved. Weaver returned to Congress for the lame-duck session and once more pushed to organize the Oklahoma Territory. This time he prevailed, as the House voted 147–102 to open the Unassigned Lands to homesteaders. The Senate followed suit and President Cleveland, who was about to leave office, signed the bill into law.
Farmers' Alliance and a new party
The new president, Republican Benjamin Harrison, set April 22, 1889, as the date when the rush for the Unassigned Lands would begin. Weaver arrived at a railroad station in the territory in March with an eye toward relocating there. The would-be homesteaders welcomed him with great acclaim. Although settlers were not allowed to stake claims before noon on April 22, many scouted out the land ahead of time, and even marked off informal claims; Weaver was among them. After the rush, settlers who had waited challenged the claims of the "Sooners" who had entered early. Weaver's identification with the group harmed his popularity in the territory. His claim was ultimately denied, and he returned to Iowa in 1890.
Weaver and his wife moved their household in 1890 from Bloomfield to Colfax, near Des Moines, as the former Congressman took up more active management of the Iowa Tribune. The Greenback and Union Labor parties were defunct, but he still proselytized for their ideals. In August 1890 Weaver addressed a convention in Des Moines where former Greenbackers and Laborites gathered, although he declined their nomination for Congress. The economic conditions that had created the Greenback party had not gone away; many farmers and laborers believed their situation had gotten worse since the Long Depression began in 1873. Many farmers had joined the Farmers' Alliance, which sought to promote soft-money ideas on a non-partisan basis; rather than create a third party, they endorsed major party candidates who supported their ideas and hired speakers to educate the public. Alliance-backed candidates did well in the 1890 elections, especially in the South, where Democrats endorsed by the Alliance won 44 seats.
Alliance members gathered that December in Ocala, Florida, and formulated a platform, later called the Ocala Demands, that called for looser money, government control of the railroads, a graduated income tax, and the direct election of senators. Weaver endorsed the message in the Tribune and corresponded with the group's leader, Leonidas L. Polk. Weaver attended the group's convention in Cincinnati in May 1891, where he and Polk argued against forming a third party. Another delegate, Ignatius L. Donnelly, argued forcefully for a break from the two major parties, and his argument carried the day, although Weaver and Polk kept many of Donnelly's more radical proposals out of the convention's statement of principles.
Presidential election of 1892
The following year, Weaver accepted the decision to form a new party (called the People's Party or Populist Party) and published a book, A Call to Action, detailing the party's principles and castigating the "few haughty millionaires who are gathering up the riches of the new world". He attended their convention in Omaha, Nebraska, in July 1892. After Polk's sudden death in June Weaver was considered the front-runner for the nomination. He was nominated on the first ballot, easily besting his closest rival, Senator James H. Kyle of South Dakota. Weaver accepted the nomination and promised to "visit every state in the Union and carry the banner of the people into the enemy's camp". The vice presidential nomination went to James G. Field, a Confederate veteran and former Attorney General of Virginia.
The platform adopted in Omaha was ambitious for its time, calling for a graduated income tax, public ownership of the railroads, telegraph, and telephone systems, government-issued currency, and the unlimited coinage of silver (the idea that the United States would buy as much silver as miners could sell the government and strike it into coins) at a favorable 16-to-1 ratio with gold. The Republicans nominated Harrison for re-election, and the Democrats put forward ex-President Cleveland; as in 1880, Weaver was confident of a good showing for the new party against their opponents. Harrison had shown some favor to the free silver cause, but his party largely supported the hard-money gold standard; Cleveland was solidly for gold, but his running mate, Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, was a silverite. Against these, the Populist Party stood alone as undisputed partisans of soft money, which Weaver hoped would lead to success in rural areas. Further, as labor disturbances broke out in Homestead, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere, Weaver hoped urban laborers would rally to the Populist cause.
Weaver embarked on a speaking tour across the northern plains and Pacific coast states. In late August he turned South, hoping to break the Democrats' grip on those states. As in 1880, the issue of race hurt Weaver among white Southern voters, as he sought to attract black voters by urging cooperation between white and black farmers and calling for an end to lynchings. Weaver drew good crowds in the South, but he and his wife were also subjected to abuse from hecklers. Southern Democrats depicted Weaver as a threat to the conservative Democrats in power there; with the increasing disenfranchisement of black voters, this was to prove fatal to the Populists' hopes in the South.
On election day Cleveland triumphed, carrying the entire South and many Northern states. Weaver's performance was better than that of any third-party candidate since the Civil War, as he won over a million votes8.5percent of the total cast nationwide. In four states, he won a plurality, giving the Populists the electoral votes of Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, and Nevada along with two more votes from North Dakota and Oregon: twenty-two in total. Weaver believed the performance "a surprising success", and thought it portended good results in future elections. "Unaided by money," he said afterward, "our grand young party has made an enviable record and achieved a surprising success at the polls."
Populist elder statesman
Weaver believed that the Populists' embrace of free silver would be the main issue to attract new members to the party. After the election he attended a meeting of the American Bimetallic League, a pro-silver group, and gave speeches advocating an inflationist monetary policy. Meanwhile the Panic of 1893 caused bank failures, factory closures, and general economic upheaval. As the federal gold reserves dwindled, President Cleveland convinced Congress to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which ensured the government would purchase less silver for coining and which further disconcerted free silver supporters. While depletion of gold reserves slowed after the repeal, the country's economy still floundered.
The next year, 1894, saw pay cuts and labor disturbances, including a massive strike by the workers at the Pullman Company. A group of unemployed workers, known as Coxey's Army, marched on Washington that spring. Weaver met with them in Iowa and expressed sympathy with the movement, so long as they refrained from lawbreaking. He then returned to the campaign trail, stumping for Populist candidates in the 1894 midterm elections. The election proved disastrous for the Democrats, but most of the gains went to the Republicans rather than to the Populists, who gained a few seats in the South but lost ground in the West. During the election, Weaver became friendly with William Jennings Bryan, a Democratic Congressman from Nebraska and a charismatic supporter of free silver. Bryan had lost his bid for the Senate in the election, but his reputation as an exciting speaker made him a presidential possibility in 1896.
Weaver privately supported Bryan's quest for the Democratic nomination in 1896, which their convention awarded him on the fifth ballot. When the Populist convention gathered the next month in Chicago, they divided between endorsing the silverite Democrat and preserving their new party's independence. Weaver backed the former course, holding the issues the party stood for to be of more importance than the party itself. A majority of delegates agreed, but without the enthusiasm that had marked their convention of four years earlier. At the same time, Weaver joined with anti-fusionists to keep the Populist platform from deviating from the party's ideological principles. Against the fusion candidate stood Republican William McKinley of Ohio, a hard-money conservative. Bryan succeeded in uniting the South and West, Weaver's longtime dream, but with the more populous North solidly behind McKinley, Bryan lost the election.
Despite the loss, Weaver still believed the Populist cause would triumph. He agreed to be nominated one last time for his old 6th district House seat on a Democratic-Populist fusion ticket. As he had ten years earlier, Republican John Lacey defeated Weaver. In 1900 Weaver attended a convention of fusionist Populists in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, the party having split on the issue of cooperation with the Democrats. The fusionists backed Bryan, the Democratic nominee, but he lost again to McKinley, this time by a greater margin. The following year, Weaver was elected to office for the last time as the mayor of his hometown, Colfax, Iowa, after defeating Republican P. H. Cragen and served in that position until 1903.
Later years and death
The Republican Party's popularity after the victory in the Spanish–American War led Weaver, for the first time, to doubt that populist values would eventually prevail. With the demise of the Populist Party, Weaver became a Democrat and was a delegate to the 1904 Democratic National Convention. He was displeased at the party's nominee, Alton B. Parker, whom he thought "plutocratic", but Weaver supported his unsuccessful campaign nevertheless. He gave serious consideration to running for the House again that year but decided against it. In 1908 he supported Bryan's third campaign as the Democratic nominee for president, but it, too, was unsuccessful.
That same year, Weaver and his wife, Clara, celebrated their fiftieth wedding anniversary, surrounded by six of their children. The Iowa legislature honored him in 1909 and hung a portrait of him in the Iowa State Historical Building. He wrote a history of Jasper County, Iowa, where he lived, which was published in 1912. Weaver planned to campaign on behalf of Democratic candidates that year but did not have the chance. On February 6 he died of heart failure at his daughter's house in Des Moines after being sick for ten days. After a funeral at the First Methodist Church in Des Moines, Weaver was buried in that city's Woodland Cemetery. The last letter he wrote was an endorsement of Speaker of the House Champ Clark for the Democratic presidential nomination, but he went on to lose the nomination to Woodrow Wilson.
Legacy
Many of Iowa's leading statesmen, including Weaver's former adversaries, praised him at his funeral and in the years thereafter. Fusion with the Democrats had brought Populist policy into the mainstream, and several of the policies for which Weaver fought became law after his death, including the direct election of Senators, a graduated income tax, and a monetary policy not based on the gold standard; others, such as public ownership of the railroads and telephone companies, were never enacted. In a 2008 biography, Robert B. Mitchell wrote that "Weaver's legacy cannot be assessed using conventional measures", as much of what he fought for did not come to pass until after his death. Even so, Mitchell credits Weaver for beginning the political effort that led to those changes: "Weaver's most important legacy in national politics is not what he advocated, or how subsequent reforms worked, but his effect on America's continuing political conversation."
Notes
References
Sources
Books
Articles
Further reading
External links
Retrieved on February 13, 2008
|-
|-
|-
|-
1833 births
1912 deaths
Burials at Woodland Cemetery (Des Moines, Iowa)
Politicians from Dayton, Ohio
Methodists from Iowa
Iowa Republicans
Iowa Greenbacks
Greenback Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa
Iowa Populists
Union Army generals
People from Davis County, Iowa
People from Colfax, Iowa
Candidates in the 1880 United States presidential election
Candidates in the 1892 United States presidential election
Mayors of places in Iowa
District attorneys in Iowa
American social democrats
People of Iowa in the American Civil War
American abolitionists
People from Cass County, Michigan
People from Bloomfield, Iowa
Greenback Party presidential nominees
19th-century American politicians
American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Members of the Methodist Episcopal Church
Iowa Democrats
Methodist abolitionists
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa | {'title': 'James B. Weaver', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20B.%20Weaver', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Yellowstone Regional Airport is a public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) southeast of the central business district of Cody, a city in Park County, Wyoming, United States. It is the only commercial airport in Park County Wyoming. It is in northwestern Wyoming, about 53 miles from the east entrance of Yellowstone National Park.
The airport is owned by the city of Cody and is operated by the Yellowstone Regional Airport Joint Powers Board. This board was established in 1981 and is made up of seven members appointed by the Cody City Council and the Park County Commission. The daily operations of the airport are overseen by an Airport Manager, who is appointed by the board.
It should not be confused with Yellowstone Airport, located 104 miles (167 km) west in West Yellowstone, Montana, near the west entrance to Yellowstone National Park, or Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport, located 136 miles (219 km) northwest in Belgrade, Montana, on the outskirts of Bozeman.
Facilities and aircraft
Yellowstone Regional Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 5,102 feet (1,555 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 4/22 with an asphalt surface measuring 8,268 by 100 feet (2,520 x 30 m).
For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2018, the airport had 29,345 aircraft operations, an average of 80 per day: 93% general aviation, 7% air taxi, and <1% military. At that time there were 82 aircraft based at this airport: 83% single-engine, 7% multi-engine, 7% jet, and 2% helicopter, plus 1 glider and 1 ultralight.
A new $12.5 million airport terminal opened in December 2010. 95% of the cost for the new terminal was paid with an FAA grant, 3% from the Wyoming State Aeronautics Division and the remaining 2% from the airport itself.
Choice Aviation, the airport's fixed-base operator (FBO), offers fuel, flight instruction, aircraft/hangar rental, and other services.
Airline and destination
Passenger
Statistics
Top destinations
Cargo airlines
FedEx Express and UPS Airlines both offer frequent air cargo services at the airport.
Ground transportation
Budget, Hertz, and Thrifty all offer rental cars at the airport.
Passenger services
Yellowstone Regional Airport offers free Wi-Fi Internet service in its terminal. Food and beverage service is available at a restaurant at the airport.
References
External links
Yellowstone Regional Airport
Aerial image as of August 1994 from USGS The National Map
Airports in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Park County, Wyoming
Transportation in Park County, Wyoming
Essential Air Service | {'title': 'Yellowstone Regional Airport', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowstone%20Regional%20Airport', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
JEI Corporation (JEI: Jaeneung Educational Institute) is a Korean educational company founded in 1977.
Currently, the headquarters is located at 293 Changgyeonggungro, Jongno-gu, Seoul.
The company is known for its supplementary education programs for children and adults.
JEI offers supplementary learning programs for home education, operating self-learning centers for children (JEI Learning Center) and establishes a general education network in various fields including publishing, broadcasting, IT, printing, distribution, culture and arts.
In particular, the company has been supporting Si-nangsong(poetry recitation) for 27 years since 1991. The founder, Sung-hoon Park, was honored as an honorary poet at the Society of Korean Poets for his contribution to promote the 'Si-nangsong' in Korea. Also, the JCC Art Center located in Hyehwa-dong, recognized as the only work of renowned Japanese architect Tadao Ando in downtown Seoul, is owned and operated by JEI. Outside of S. Korea, JEI's learning program is offered in U.S., Canada, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand exporting its ‘JEI’ brand globally.
Learning Programs
In Korea, JEI offers Self-Learning programs for students from age 3 to adults as following.
JEI SSRO Math, JEI SSRO Speed Math, Thinking Pizzaa, JEI SSRO Hangeul, JEI SSRO Korea, JEI SSRO Little English, JEI SSRO English, JEI SSRO Little Hanja, JEI SSRO Chinese, JEI SSRO Japanese, JEI SSRO Social Studies, JEI SSRO Science, Thinking Cookie Book
In countries outside of Korea, JEI offers total of 9 Self-Learning programs adapted for overseas local environment. These are available in English, Chinese and Korean.
In English: JEI Math, JEI Problem Solving Math, JEI English, Critical & Creative Thinking, JEI Reading & Writing
In Chinese: JEI 才能数学, JEI 才能Little英語, JEI 才能英語, 思考的比萨
Cultural activities
JEI Poetry Recitation Contest (1991~): It is jointly hosted with the Society of Korean Poets and awarded the certificate of 'Si-nangsong-ga' to the winner of the competition.
Jaenenung Poetry Recitation Association (1994~) : It is an organization that promotes the poetry recitation centering on 'Si-nangsong-ga'.
JEI Storytelling Contest (2001~)
See also
Society of Korean Poets
Si-nangsong
Honorary Poets
JCC (Jaeneung Culture Center)
References
External links
Companies of South Korea
Jongno District
South Korean companies established in 1977
Education companies established in 1977
Education companies of South Korea | {'title': 'JEI Corporation', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JEI%20Corporation', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Havana Central (; the "Central Railway Station", ) is the main railway terminal in Havana and the largest railway station in Cuba, is the hub of the rail system in the country. It serves for the arrival and departure of national and divisional commuter trains, and is home to the national railway company, Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Cuba (FFCC), the only intercity passenger rail transport operating in the Caribbean.
The building is considered a National monument for its architectural and historical values and is, along with the stations of Santiago, Camagüey and Santa Clara, a network's divisional headquarter.
Site
The site of the railway station is located where the former Spanish Royal Shipyard of Havana was southeast of the Campo de Marte, and immediately outside the southernmost gate of the city.
Design
The eclectic architecture building has four floors and a mezzanine. On the main facade, there are two towers on Belgica Avenue representing the Coat of arms of Cuba and Havana, respectively.
The architect was Kenneth MacKenzie Murchison, who was inspired by a decorative style of Spanish planteresque, which is visible in the elements of the decoration of the facade. The station's platforms are nearly one kilometer long and have a total area of 14,000 square meters.
History
By 1910, the 71-year-old Villanueva Railway Station (currently the Capitolio grounds), the first of Havana, had exceeded its capacity due to increasing urban development and population of the city. On July 20, 1910, the Congress of Cuba authorized to build the new railway station on the Arsenal public grounds instead of the Villanueva Station private grounds. The value of the old arsenal grounds and buildings was about US$3.7 million at the time, while the Villanueva grounds were about $2.3 million. This transaction caused heated debates within the political community and in general throughout the population of the city, because the value of Arsenal land was more than a million dollars to Villanueva, so it was unknown where that amount would go. This resulted in heated debates in the Congress. The Chamber representative Silverio Sánchez Figueras, commander of the liberation army, denounced the trade as a "dirty business", and the action was contradicted by congressman Colonel Severo Moleón Guerra. The confrontation culminated in a duel to death on December 9, 1910, where Congressman Moleón died. Two years later, on November 30, 1912, the new Central Railway Station was opened on the former arsenal grounds.
In June 2015, the station closed for a three year rebuild including additional platforms. All passenger traffic moved to the adjacent Coubre yard, where a former bus terminal was converted into a temporary station.
Service
Overview
Central Railway Station has a network of suburban, interurban and long-distance rail lines. The railways are nationalised and run by the FFCC (Ferrocarriles de Cuba – Railways of Cuba). Rail service connects the Central Rail Station to various Cuban provinces. In 2009, the annual passenger volume was roughly 7.5 million, almost 400,000 less from the previous year, and 3.5 million less than 2004, mainly after the government upgraded ASTRO's long-distance inter-city buses fleet with brand new air conditioned Yutong buses. Santiago de Cuba is the busiest route from the Central Station, some apart by rail. In 2000 the Union de Ferrocarriles de Cuba bought French first class airconditioned coaches.
Fast trains line 1 and 2, between (Central Station) and Santiago de Cuba, use comfortable stainless-steel air-conditioned coaches bought from French Railways and now known as the "Tren Francés" (the French train). It runs daily at peak periods of the year (Summer season, Christmas & Easter), and on every second day at other times of the year. These coaches were originally used on the premier Trans Europ Express service between Paris, Brussels and Amsterdam before being replaced with high speed Thalys trains. They were shipped to the Cuban Railways System in 2001. It offers two classes of seating, basic leatherette "especial" and quite luxurious "primera especial".
Route diagrams
Gallery
See also
Camagüey railway station
Havana Suburban Railway
National Railways of Cuba (FFCC)
Santa Clara railway station
Santiago de Cuba railway station
References
External links
Havana Central railway station on EcuRed
Transport in Havana
Central Station
Railway stations in Cuba
Railway stations in Cuba opened in 1912
Tourist attractions in Havana
1912 establishments in Cuba | {'title': 'Havana Central railway station', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana%20Central%20railway%20station', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Marcus Caeionius Silvanus was a Roman senator of the second century AD.
Life
He was the ordinary consul of 156 with Gaius Serius Augurinus as his colleague. However, nothing more is presently known about his career.
Based on his cognomen Silvanus, Ronald Syme suggested that he was descended from the Plautii, specifically that his father was a son of Lucius Ceionius Commodus, consul 106, and Plautia, who died before he was old enough to be awarded the consulate. "Hence an unattested and short lived brother of L. Caesar -- and his son, M. Ceionius Silvanus, was therefore a first cousin of L. Verus."
Proposed descendants
Christian Settipani has proposed that Silvanus was an ancestor of Caeionius Varus (225 or 230 – after 285), urban prefect in 284 and 295, married to (Rufia C.f. Procula) (b. 235) - perhaps daughter of Caius Rufius C.f. Proculus (200 or 205 – after 236), Cur. Oper. in 236, and wife (Publilia) (b. 220), sister of (Caius Rufius Festus) (b. 235 or 240), (c. v. of the Volsinii) and maternal niece of (Lucius Publilius) (b. 225), in turn perhaps the father of Lucius Publilius Volusianus, suffect consul at the end of the 3rd century. His son and daughter in law were perhaps the parents of (Marcus) Caeionius Proculus, suffect consul in 289, of C. Nummia Caeionia Umbria Rufia Albina, of Caeionia Marina (b. 260), married to Crepereius Amantius, and of Caius Caeionius Rufius Volusianus, consul in February 311 and in March 314, etc.
References
2nd-century Romans
Silvanus, Marcus
Imperial Roman consuls
Year of death unknown | {'title': 'Marcus Caeionius Silvanus', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus%20Caeionius%20Silvanus', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Al Balabil (, ) were a popular Sudanese vocal group of three sisters, mainly active from 1971 until 1988. Their popular songs and appearance as modern female performers on stage, as well as on Sudanese radio and television, earned them fame all over East Africa and beyond, and they were sometimes referred to as the "Sudanese Supremes". After both retiring from the stage and emigrating to the United States in 1988, they gave a revival concert in 2007 in New York City's Central Park, and later in Detroit and Chicago, as well as in their native Sudan.
Personal background and artistic career
The three sisters Amal, Hadia, and Hayat Talsam began their career as a group in late 1971. Having grown up in a neighbourhood of Greater Khartoum, they enjoyed the support of their parents; their father, Muhammad Abdul Majid Talsam, was a university professor and became the group's manager. After a first period of singing in a Nubian folklore group, they were encouraged to form their own band by Sudanese musician and oud player Bashir Abbas, who later composed many of their songs. The name for the trio was proposed by Sudanese novelist and poet Ali El-Makk.
The title track of their first album, Those Who Ask Don’t Get Lost, refers to an Arabic saying encouraging people to ask questions. According to a magazine article entitled "Five Songs that defined Sudan's Golden Era", the lyrics tell the story of a lover’s anticipation: “If you cared to ask about me, you’d know where I am today / I’m still waiting for you. Have you forgotten that I invited you over?”
Their song “The Boat Set Sail”, with lyrics in Nubian language, evokes the destructive effects of the Aswan Dam on the region of Nubia in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. The family of the three singers originally came from the Nubian city of Wadi Halfa, and this song talks about the flooding of a large part of Nubia and the displacement of its inhabitants.
In 1988, shortly before strict Sharia laws were imposed in Sudan that stifled cultural life for the next 30 years, the sisters and their families moved to the United States and stopped performing for many years. In 2007 they appeared again, on stage in New York City, the following year in Chicago and Detroit, and again in Sudan in August 2009. This revival also included new recordings, like the Nubian song "Life is Beautiful". During their rise to fame they recorded many songs, released mostly in Sudan on vinyl records and music cassettes.
In her article about the ongoing popularity of Al Balabil in the aftermath of the Sudanese Revolution, Sudanese filmmaker and author Taghreed Elsanhouri wrote about the ways the group had led the way from earlier hageeba and daluka songs to their own, very popular style:
See also
Music of Sudan
African popular music
Notes and references
Further reading
Natasja van ‘t Westende. “God Gave Me a Good Voice to Sing”; Female Wedding Singers in Great-Khartoum, Sudan. In Kolk, Mieke (ed.) Performing Gender in Arabic/African Theatre. Amsterdam 2009, pp. 38–63
External links
Interview with Al Balabil on Aljazeera The Stream: The ‘Sudanese Supremes’
"Those Who Ask Don't Get Lost" ("البسأل ما بتوه") by Al Balabil, video with English translation
"The Boat Set Sail" ("بابور كسونا") by al-Balabil, video with English translation
"Life is Beautiful" ("دنيا اشري") by al-Balabil, video with English translation
Sudanese musicians
20th-century Sudanese artists
Sudanese women artists
21st-century Sudanese artists
Sudanese women musicians | {'title': 'Al Balabil (musical group)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Balabil%20%28musical%20group%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that is usually regarded as beginning in Italy in the late 14th century. As in most of the rest of northern Europe, England saw little of these developments until more than a century later. Renaissance style and ideas, however, were slow to penetrate England, and the Elizabethan era in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance. However, many scholars see its beginnings in the early 16th century, during the reign of Henry VIII.
The English Renaissance is different from the Italian Renaissance in several ways. The dominant art forms of the English Renaissance were literature and music. Visual arts in the English Renaissance were much less significant than in the Italian Renaissance. The English period began far later than the Italian, which was moving into Mannerism and the Baroque by the 1550s or earlier.
Literature
England had a strong tradition of literature in the English vernacular, which gradually increased as English use of the printing press became common by the mid-16th century. This tradition of literature written in English vernacular largely began with the Protestant Reformation's call to let people interpret the Bible for themselves instead of accepting the Catholic Church's interpretation. Discussions on how to translate the Bible so that it could be understood by laymen but still do justice to God's word became contentious, with people arguing how much license could be taken to impart the correct meaning without sacrificing its eloquence. The desire to let people read the Bible for themselves led William Tyndale to publish his own translation in 1526. This would become a predecessor to the King James Version of the Bible, and his works' influence on the vernacular contributed more to English than even Shakespeare.
Another early proponent of literature in the vernacular was Roger Ascham, who was tutor to Princess Elizabeth during her teenage years, and is now often called the "father of English prose." He proposed that speech was the greatest gift to man from God and to speak or write poorly was an affront. The peak of English drama and theatre is said to be the Elizabethan Age; a golden age in English history where the arts, drama and creative work flourished. Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished in the early Elizabethan era in England. By the time of Elizabethan literature, a vigorous literary culture in both drama and poetry included poets such as Edmund Spenser, whose verse epic The Faerie Queene had a strong influence on English literature but was eventually overshadowed by the lyrics of William Shakespeare, Thomas Wyatt and others. Typically, the works of these playwrights and poets circulated in manuscript form for some time before they were published, and above all the plays of English Renaissance theatre were the outstanding legacy of the period. The works of this period are also affected by Henry VIII's declaration of independence from the Catholic Church and technological advances in sailing and cartography, which are reflected in the generally nonreligious themes and various shipwreck adventures of Shakespeare.
The growing population of London, the growing wealth of its people, and their fondness for spectacle produced a dramatic literature of remarkable variety, quality, and extent. Genres of the period included the history play, which depicted English or European history. Shakespeare's plays about the lives of kings, such as Richard III and Henry V, belong to this category, as do Christopher Marlowe's Edward II and George Peele's Famous Chronicle of King Edward the First. History plays dealt with more recent events, like A Larum for London which dramatizes the sack of Antwerp in 1576. Tragedy was a very popular genre. Marlowe's tragedies were exceptionally successful, such as Dr. Faustus and The Jew of Malta. The audiences particularly liked revenge dramas, such as Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy. The four tragedies considered to be Shakespeare's greatest (Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth) were composed during this period. The English theatre scene, which performed both for the court and nobility in private performances and a very wide public in the theatres, was the most crowded in Europe, with a host of other playwrights as well as the giant figures of Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson. Elizabeth herself was a product of Renaissance humanism trained by Roger Ascham, and wrote occasional poems such as "On Monsieur's Departure" at critical moments of her life. William Shakespeare, whose works include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and A Midsummer Night's Dream, remains one of the most championed authors in English literature. The playwright and poet is widely regarded as the greatest dramatist of all time.
Philosophers and intellectuals included Thomas More and Francis Bacon. Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes wrote on empiricism and materialism, including scientific method and social contract. Bacon's works are seen as developing the scientific method and remained highly influential through the Scientific Revolution. Robert Filmer wrote on the Divine Right of Kings. All the 16th century Tudor monarchs were highly educated, as was much of the nobility, and Italian literature had a considerable following, providing the sources for many of Shakespeare's plays. English thought advanced towards modern science with the Baconian Method. The language of the Book of Common Prayer, first published in 1549, and at the end of the period the Bible had enduring and profound impacts on the English consciousness.
Visual arts
England was slow to produce visual arts in Renaissance styles, and the artists of the Tudor court were mainly imported foreigners until after the end of the Renaissance; Hans Holbein was the outstanding figure. The English Reformation produced a huge programme of iconoclasm that destroyed almost all medieval religious art, and all but ended the skill of painting in England; English art was to be dominated by portrait painting, and then later landscape art, for centuries to come.
The significant English invention was the portrait miniature, which essentially took the techniques of the dying art of the illuminated manuscript and transferred them to small portraits worn in lockets. Though the form was developed in England by foreign artists, mostly Flemish like Lucas Horenbout, the somewhat undistinguished founder of the tradition, by the late 16th century natives such as Nicolas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver produced the finest work, even as the best producers of larger portraits in oil were still foreigners. The portrait miniature had spread all over Europe by the 18th century.
The portraiture of Elizabeth I was carefully controlled and developed into an elaborate and wholly un-realist iconic style, that has succeeded in creating enduring images. The many portraits drove the evolution of English royal portraits in the Early Modern period. Even the earliest portraits of Elizabeth I contain symbolic objects such as roses and prayer books that would have carried meaning to viewers of her day. Later portraits of Elizabeth layer the iconography of empire—globes, crowns, swords and columns—and representations of virginity and purity—such as moons and pearls—with classical allusions to present a complex "story" that conveyed to Elizabethan era viewers the majesty and significance of their Virgin Queen. The Armada Portrait is an allegorical panel painting depicting the queen surrounded by symbols of empire against a backdrop representing the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Music
English Renaissance music kept in touch with continental developments far more than visual art, and managed to survive the Reformation relatively successfully, though William Byrd (c.1539/40 or 1543 – 1623) and other major figures were Catholic. The Elizabethan madrigal was distinct from, but related to, the Italian tradition. Thomas Tallis, (c.1505 –1585 Thomas Morley (1557 or 1558 – 1602)), and John Dowland (1563 – 1626) were other leading English composers.
The key composers from the early Renaissance era also wrote in a late Medieval style, and as such, they are transitional figures. Leonel Power (c. 1370s or 1380s–1445) was an English composer of the late medieval and early Renaissance music eras. Along with John Dunstaple, he was one of the major figures in English music in the early 15th century. Power is the composer best represented in the Old Hall Manuscript. Power was one of the first composers to set separate movements of the ordinary of the mass which were thematically unified and intended for contiguous performance. The Old Hall Manuscript contains his mass based on the Marian antiphon, Alma Redemptoris Mater, in which the antiphon is stated literally in the tenor voice in each movement, without melodic ornaments. This is the only cyclic setting of the mass ordinary which can be attributed to him. He wrote mass cycles, fragments, and single movements and a variety of other sacred works.
John Dunstaple (or Dunstable) (c. 1390–1453) was an English composer of polyphonic music of the late medieval era and early Renaissance periods. He was one of the most famous composers active in the early 15th century, a near-contemporary of Power, and was widely influential, not only in England but on the continent, especially in the developing style of the Burgundian School. Dunstaple's influence on the continent's musical vocabulary was enormous, particularly considering the relative paucity of his (attributable) works. He was recognized for possessing something never heard before in music of the Burgundian School: la contenance angloise ("the English countenance"), a term used by the poet Martin le Franc in his Le Champion des Dames.
The colossal polychoral productions of the Venetian School had been anticipated in the works of Thomas Tallis, and the Palestrina style from the Roman School had already been absorbed prior to the publication of Musica transalpina, in the music of masters such as William Byrd.
The Italian and English Renaissances were similar in sharing a specific musical aesthetic. In the late 16th century Italy was the musical center of Europe, and one of the principal forms which emerged from that singular explosion of musical creativity was the madrigal. In 1588, Nicholas Yonge published in England the Musica transalpina—a collection of Italian madrigals that had been Anglicized—an event which began a vogue of madrigal in England which was almost unmatched in the Renaissance in being an instantaneous adoption of an idea, from another country, adapted to local aesthetics. English poetry was exactly at the right stage of development for this transplantation to occur, since forms such as the sonnet were uniquely adapted to setting as madrigals; indeed, the sonnet was already well developed in Italy. Composers such as Thomas Morley, the only contemporary composer to set Shakespeare, and whose work survives, published collections of their own, roughly in the Italian manner but yet with a unique Englishness; interest in the compositions of the English Madrigal School has enjoyed a considerable revival in recent decades.
Architecture
Despite some buildings in a partly Renaissance style from the reign of Henry VIII (1491 – 1547), notably Hampton Court Palace (begun in 1515), the vanished Nonsuch Palace, Sutton Place and Layer Marney Tower, it was not until the Elizabethan architecture of the end of the century that a true Renaissance style emerged. The wool trade, which had carried the economic life of England in the late medieval period, was no longer as prosperous as it had been and there was less disposable wealth for architectural projects. Under Elizabeth, farming was encouraged resulting in a recovery that put a vast amount of wealth into the hands of a large number of people. Elizabeth built no new palaces, instead encouraging her courtiers to build extravagantly and house her on her summer progresses. A large number of small houses were built, and at the same time many country mansions were constructed. Many of the earlier medieval or Tudor manors were remodelled and modernised during Elizabeth's reign. Civic and institutional buildings were also becoming increasingly common.
The most famous buildings, of a type called the prodigy house, are large show houses constructed for courtiers, and characterised by lavish use of glass, as at "Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall", Wollaton Hall and Hatfield House and Burghley House, the style continuing into the early 17th century before developing into Jacobean architecture. Lesser, but still large, houses like Little Moreton Hall continued to be constructed and expanded in essentially medieval half-timbered styles until the late 16th century. Church architecture essentially continued in the late medieval Perpendicular Gothic style until the Reformation, and then stopped almost completely, although church monuments, screens and other fittings often had classical styles from about the mid-century. The few new church buildings post-Reformation were usually still Gothic in style, as in Langley Chapel of 1601.
It was also at this time that the long gallery became popular in English manor houses, often displaying painting collections and decorated ceilings. This was apparently mainly used for walking in, and a growing range of parlours and withdrawing rooms supplemented the main living room for the family, the great chamber. The great hall was now mostly used by the servants, and as an impressive point of entry to the house.
Major English Renaissance authors
Major literary figures in the English Renaissance include:
Francis Bacon
Francis Beaumont
Thomas Campion
George Chapman
Francis Hubert
Thomas Dekker
John Donne
John Fletcher
John Ford
John Milton
Ben Jonson
Thomas Kyd
Christopher Marlowe
Philip Massinger
Thomas Middleton
Thomas More
Thomas Nashe
William Rowley
William Shakespeare
James Shirley
Philip Sidney
Edmund Spenser
William Tyndale
John Webster
Thomas Wyatt
See also
Tudor period
Canons of Renaissance poetry
Jacobean era
Early modern Britain
Walter Raleigh
References
Works cited
Further reading
Cheney, Patrick. "Recent Studies in the English Renaissance," SEL: Studies In English Literature (2007) 47(1): 199-275
Grant, Patrick. 1979. Images and Ideas in the Literature of the English Renaissance. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Hadfield, Andrew. The English Renaissance, 1500-1620 (2001)
Hattaway, Michael, ed. A Companion to English Renaissance Literature and Culture. (2000). 747 pp.
Keenan, Siobhan. Renaissance Literature (Edinburgh Critical Guides to Literature) (2008)
Lamb, Mary Ellen. "Recent Studies In The English Renaissance," SEL: Studies in English Literature (Johns Hopkins); 2006 46(1): 195-252
Loewenstein, David. "Recent Studies in the English Renaissance," SEL: Studies in English Literature Spring 2011, Vol. 51 Issue 2, pp 199–278
Robin, Diana; Larsen, Anne R.; and Levin, Carole, eds. Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England (2007) 459p.
Sheen, Erica, and Lorna Hutson, eds. Literature, Politics and Law in Renaissance England (2005)
Smith, Emma and Garrett A. Sullivan Jr., eds. The Cambridge Companion to English Renaissance Tragedy (2010)
England
England
Cultural history of England
.
.
.
.
17th century in England
History of England by period
History of the United Kingdom by period
Kingdom of England | {'title': 'English Renaissance', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English%20Renaissance', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Hamilton School District is a school district in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, USA.
It serves all of and Butler, most of Lannon and Sussex, parts of Lisbon and Menomonee Falls, and a small part of Pewaukee.
Established as a K-12 school district in 1961, Hamilton serves a area of suburban and rural communities about north and west of downtown Milwaukee. The population is estimated at 40,000. Student enrollment is approximately 5,000.
School sites in the district
The Hamilton School District has eight schools that serve students from pre-kindergarten through high school:
4 year old kindergarten
An optional half-day kindergarten program is offered to 4-year-olds at Willow Springs Learning Center. Willow Springs also houses a private daycare provider, enabling parents to pay for daycare services for their children during the portion of the day when they are not participating in the kindergarten program.
Elementary schools
The four elementary schools focus on the basic skills of reading, writing, mathematics, science and social studies. Each school has a full-time reading-writing specialist and library-media specialist. Specialists also provide instruction in art, music and physical education. Guidance counselors offer a developmental guidance program. The Hamilton School District has four elementary schools that serve students from kindergarten through fourth grade.
Intermediate School
Silver Spring Intermediate School is a newly added addition to the growing Hamilton School District that now holds grades 5 and 6, with elementary schools serving students in 5K - grade 4. It was formally dedicated in a public ceremony on Aug. 26, 2019, on the school's grounds.
Middle school
A true middle-level education philosophy exists at Templeton Middle School. It was named for two consecutive years as a “middle school of excellence” by the state Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction and the Association of Wisconsin School Administrators. Templeton uses a house system, which groups students with a core team of academic teachers who collaboratively plan instruction, teach and meet student needs. The structure promotes interdisciplinary instruction, integrated units, team teaching, positive student-teacher relationships and flexible scheduling. The school was also the subject of a diss track by Lil Beeter, which was his first song.
High school
Hamilton High School has a program that serves college-bound students (98.5% graduation rate), as well as those who plan to attend technical school or enter the world of work. The school has advanced placement and world language courses and an honors program. Co-op and youth apprenticeship programs allow students to apply theory to real world work settings.
Schools
The Hamilton School Board
Seven Hamilton School Board members are elected to serve three-year terms. While placed in office by a vote of the entire district, members are elected from five specified district areas and two at-large positions.
Meetings are the first Tuesday (curriculum meeting) and the third Monday (regular meeting) each month. The agenda is posted and submitted to local newspapers prior to each meeting.
References
External links
Hamilton School District website
School districts in Wisconsin
Education in Waukesha County, Wisconsin
School districts established in 1961
1961 establishments in Wisconsin | {'title': 'Hamilton School District', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton%20School%20District', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Sant Joan les Fonts is a municipality of the comarca of Garrotxa, located in Girona, Catalonia, northern Spain. As of 2014, the population is 2,919. Until 1949 it was known as Begudà.
It is part of the Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Natural Park.
The municipality
It is the second most populous municipality of Garrotxa (after Olot). It is located at the confluence linking Girona to Olot, Figueres and Camprodón. It is crossed by the river Fluvià, which has been the engine behind the population's industrial development. Industry is the most developed sector in the municipality, followed by agriculture.
History
The earliest core of the town was formed in the ninth century. Earthquakes in the years 1427 and 1428 most of the collapsed buildings. A recovery began in the area, with small population centers, that was hampered by civil war in the fifteenth century.
During the 17th century, it lived through an age of crisis, aggravated by the War of the Spanish Succession.
There was no significant population growth until the eighteenth century, with the incorporation of immigrants from Olot and the vicinity. Later, war resulted in another decline of the population, a decline that continued throughout the 19th century. The 1854 cholera epidemic wreaked havoc.
During the 20th century, there was a social and economic revival, despite the internecine 1936 civil war.
Population
Begudà, 248 inhabitants
La Canya, 557 inhabitants
El Pla de Baix, 39 inhabitants
El Pla de Dalt, 54 inhabitants
Sant Cosme, 100 inhabitants
Sant Joan les Fonts, 1,761 inhabitants
Main sights
Monestir de Sant Joan les Fonts is a Romanesque building, declared a national monument.
The medieval bridge, built with volcanic stone, crosses the river Fluvià and links the core of the town with the existing church and the Castanyer neighborhood.
A fortress is located at the Serra de Vivers. From this point one can observe the entire landscape of Garrotxa, from Besalú through the valley of Olot and the valley de Bianya. The Canadell Tower is a four-story square building with "espitlleres" on all four sides and a terrace roof. It was once surrounded by ramparts.
The Juvinyà estate is known as the oldest Romanesque civil building in Catalonia. It is located along the Fluvià river. It is a fortified manor house with two parts, the defensive tower and main building. It was declared a provincial monument in 1972.
An area of archeological interest also known for the lava flow that formed part of the old lock known as "la Reformada".
Holidays
Various holidays are celebrated:
The festival of San Isidro, in May
The festival of Roser, Easter Monday
The main festival, June 24
The "pessebre vivent" (nativity scenes), Christmas
Begudà celebrates the festival of Santa Eulàlia, and the main festival in the first weekend of August.
Twin towns
Ydes, France
References
External links
City council website
Government data pages
Municipalities in Garrotxa
Populated places in Garrotxa | {'title': 'Sant Joan les Fonts', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%20Joan%20les%20Fonts', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Pietro Annigoni, OMRI (7 June 1910 – 28 October 1988) was an Italian artist, portrait painter, fresco painter and medallist, best known for his painted portraits of Queen Elizabeth II. His work was in the Renaissance tradition, contrasting with the modernist style that prevailed in his time.
Life
Born in Milan in 1910, Annigoni was influenced by the Italian Renaissance. From the end of the 1920s on, he lived mainly in Florence where he studied at the College of the Piarist Fathers.
In 1927, he was admitted to the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, where he attended the courses given by Felice Carena in painting, Giuseppe Graziosi in sculpture, and Celestino Celestini in etching. Annigoni enrolled in the nude class run by the Florentine Circolo degli Artisti, while attending the open class in the same subject at the Academy.
Annigoni exhibited his work for the first time in Florence in 1930 with a group of painters. He had his first individual exhibition two years later, in 1932 at the Bellini Gallery in the Palazzo Ferroni.
In 1932, journalist Ugo Ojetti featured Annigoni in the Arts section of the Corriere della Sera. Also in 1932, he won the Trentacoste prize.
Family
Annigoni was married to Anna Giuseppa Maggini in 1937 until her death of illness in July 1969. They had two children, Benedetto (1939) and Maria Ricciarda. In 1976 he married Rosella Segreto, also a favorite model of the artist.
Death
In May 1988, Annigoni had emergency surgery due to a perforated ulcer, and he did not recover fully from the ailment. He was rushed to the hospital in Florence on 27 October 1988 and died of kidney failure on 28 October 1988. He is buried in the Porte Sante (Holy Doors) cemetery at the Basilica di San Miniato al Monte, overlooking his beloved Florence.
Controversy in tradition
Between 1945 and 1950, Annigoni produced a succession of important and very successful works. In 1947, he signed the manifesto of Modern Realist Painters. In this manifesto the group, which consisted of seven painters, came out in open opposition to abstract art and the various movements that had sprung up in Italy in these years. It was an insignificant detail in the painter's life but it would become a key point of reference in literature about him. Among others who signed the petition were Gregory Sciltian, and brothers Antonio and Xavier Bueno.
In March 1949, the Committee of the Royal Academy in England accepted the works Annigoni offered for its annual exhibition. It was the artist's first experience with England and the beginning of a success which was to acquire worldwide dimensions.
Art exhibitions
Annigoni started showing his work internationally in the 1950s. In London, they were held at Wildenstein's (1950 and 1954), Agnew's (1952 and 1956), the Federation of British Artists (1961), the Upper Grosvenor Galleries (1966), and at many Royal Academy exhibitions. A special exhibition in Paris, France at the Galerie Beaux Arts was held in 1953. New York Wildenstein's showed Annigoni from 1957–58. By 1969, Annigoni's work was exhibited at the Brooklyn Museum in New York. Numerous Italian cities that showed Annigoni works during his life included Turin, Rome, Florence, Verona, Brescia, Montecatini Terme, Pisa, Bergamo, Rovereto and Milan.
Evaluation
His work bore the influence of Italian Renaissance portraiture, and was in contrast to the modernist and post-modernist artistic styles that dominated the middle- and late-twentieth century. Annigoni painted two portraits of Queen Elizabeth II, in 1955 and 1969. The earlier one was commissioned by the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers and is displayed at their livery hall, Fishmongers' Hall; the 1969 portrait was commissioned by the National Portrait Gallery and is on public display there. Following his portrait of the Queen, Annigoni became sought after and painted portraits of Pope John XXIII, US Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, the Shah and Empress of Iran, Princess Margaret and several other members of the British royal family.
Annigoni was chosen by TIME magazine to paint President John F. Kennedy for the (5 January) 1962 Person of the Year cover. The result was perhaps his least-liked portrait as Annigoni had no time or inclination to satisfy Time magazine. Other TIME magazine covers that featured portraits by Annigoni were the issues of 5 October 1962 (Pope John XXIII), 1 November 1963 (Ludwig Erhard), 12 April 1968 (Lyndon B. Johnson) and 30 April 1965 (British Prime Minister Harold Wilson).
Other subjects around the world that Annigoni painted include HRH Prince Philip and several other members of the House of Windsor as well as the shoemaker Salvatore Ferragamo, Florentine author Luigi Ugolini, ballet dancer Dame Margot Fonteyn, British actress Julie Andrews, Russian ballet star Rudolf Nureyev, and the Maharani Gayatri Devi of Jaipur.
His study of Author Bill Hopkins (novelist) was reproduced on the cover of 1984's 'The Leap', a republishing of Hopkins' 1957 book, The Divine and the Decay.
An outspoken artist, Annigoni wrote essays challenging modern art that disregarded the basic ability to draw. He alienated critics, who claimed his art was too representational, discounting the unique dramatic signature the artist brought to Renaissance tradition.
Church frescoes
Annigoni was active painting church frescoes in and around Florence. During 1980–1985 (starting at the age of 70 years) at Monte Cassino monastery, he completed his largest fresco, the dome of the monastery.
In 1970 Pietro Annigoni painted "San Giuseppe" an affresco in the Church of Saint Joseph in Galluzzo.
Honours
In 1959, Annigoni was elected to the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Corresponding member.
On 14 November 1975 Annigoni was conferred the Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana (OMRI)
In October 2010, the Italian Post Office issued a stamp commemorating the centennial of Pietro Annigoni's birth.
Museums
A Museo Pietro Annigoni in Via dei Bardi in Florence, Italy, houses sixty years of the master's work.
Museo Annigoni, Florence, Italy
Uffizi Gallery and Pitti Palace in Florence, Italy
Benedetta Bianchi Porro Foundation in Dovadola (Forlì), Italy
Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City
Indianapolis Museum of Art
Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco
Minneapolis Institute of Art
Royal Collection of Windsor Castle
National Portrait Gallery of London
Vatican Museums in Rome, Italy
See also
Pietro Annigoni interview BBC Radio; First broadcast: 15 May 1961
Annigoni: Portrait of an Artist
References
Further reading
External links
1910 births
1988 deaths
Artists from Milan
Italian portrait painters
Italian muralists
20th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Deaths from kidney failure
Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze alumni
20th-century Italian male artists
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic | {'title': 'Pietro Annigoni', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro%20Annigoni', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Athletics
Alina Astafei
Iolanda Balaș
Violeta Beclea
Valeria Bufanu
Maria Cioncan
Anișoara Cușmir-Stanciu
Constantina Diţă
Paula Ivan
Lia Manoliu
Gheorghe Megelea
Doina Melinte
Argentina Menis
Marian Oprea
Oana Pantelimon
Mihaela Peneș
Maricica Puică
Ileana Silai
Lidia Șimon
Gabriela Szabo
Ionela Târlea
Viorica Viscopoleanu
Biathlon
Vilmoş Gheorghe
Éva Tófalvi
Bobsleigh
Dumitru Focşeneanu
Dumitru Hubert
Nicolae Neagoe
Ion Panţuru
Alexandru Papană
Boxing
Ion Alexe
Dumitru Cipere
Calistrat Cuțov
Simion Cuțov
Costică Dafinoiu
Mircea Dobrescu
Leonard Doroftei
Constantin Dumitrescu
Gheorghe Fiat
Ionuţ Gheorghe
Nicolae Linca
Ion Monea
Alec Năstac
Gheorghe Negrea
Valentin Silaghi
Dorel Simion
Marian Simion
Mircea Şimon
Vasile Tiță
Victor Zilberman
Canoeing
Gheorghe Andriev
Ion Bîrlădeanu
Antonel Borșan
Anton Calenic
Petre Capusta
Serghei Covaliov
Simion Cuciuc
Gheorghe Danielov
Vasile Dîba
Alexe Dumitru
Viorica Dumitru
Nicușor Eșanu
Ion Geantă
Marcel Glăvan
Andrei Igorov
Raluca Ioniță
Simion Ismailciuc
Dimitrie Ivanov
Haralambie Ivanov
Hilde Lauer
Mariana Limbău
Policarp Malîhin
Maria Nichiforov
Grigore Obreja
Ivan Patzaichin
Florin Popescu
Mitică Pricop
Elena Radu
Leon Rotman
Atanase Sciotnic
Larion Serghei
Cornelia Sideri
Gheorghe Simionov
Toma Simionov
Sanda Toma
Mihai Țurcaș
Roman Vartolomeu
Aurel Vernescu
Mihai Zafiu
Equestrian
Anghelache Donescu
Henri Rang
Petre Roşca
Dumitru Velicu
Fencing
Laura Badea-Cârlescu
Ana Maria Brânză
Mihai Covaliu
Ana Derșidan-Ene-Pascu
Tiberiu Dolniceanu
Ion Drîmbă
Rareș Dumitrescu
Ileana Gyulai-Drîmbă-Jenei
Dan Irimiciuc
Cornel Marin
Marin Mustață
Alexandru Nilca
Ioan Pop
Roxana Scarlat
Alexandru Sirițeanu
Ecaterina Stahl-Iencic
Reka Zsofia Lazăr-Szabo
Olga Orban-Szabo
Maria Vicol
Florin Zalomir
Football
Miodrag Belodedici
Gheorghe Hagi
Ciprian Marica
Viorel Moldovan
Dorinel Munteanu
Adrian Mutu
Constantin Pistol
Andrei Șeran
Gymnastics
Andreea Acatrinei
Simona Amânar
Oana Ban
Loredana Boboc
Cristina Bontaș
Diana Bulimar
Dan Burincă
Diana Chelaru
Nadia Comăneci
Mariana Constantin
Gabriela Drăgoi
Marian Drăgulescu
Rodica Dunca
Emilia Eberle
Alexandra Eremia
Georgeta Gabor
Gina Gogean
Dănuț Grecu
Anca Grigoraș
Andreea Grigore
Vanda Hădărean
Georgeta Hurmuzachi
Atanasia Ionescu
Larisa Iordache
Sonia Iovan
Andreea Isărescu
Sandra Izbașa
Elena Leuşteanu
Ionela Loaieș
Elena Mărgărit
Alexandra Marinescu
Lavinia Miloșovici
Maria Neculiţă
Steliana Nistor
Maria Olaru
Mirela Paşca
Cătălina Ponor
Ilie Daniel Popescu
Uta Poreceanu
Dan Nicolae Potra
Claudia Presăcan
Andreea Răducan
Monica Roșu
Melita Ruhn
Elena Săcălici
Răzvan Dorin Șelariu
Daniela Silivaș
Nicoleta Daniela Șofronie
Silvia Stroescu
Ioan Silviu Suciu
Anamaria Tămârjan
Gabriela Trușcă
Mirela Țugurlan
Dumitriţa Turner
Teodora Ungureanu
Marius Urzică
Emilia Vătăşoiu
Handball
Mircea Bedivan
Dumitru Berbece
Ștefan Birtalan
Iosif Boroș
Alexandru Buligan
Adrian Cosma
Gheorghe Covaciu
Marin Dan
Alexandru Dincă
Gheorghe Dogărescu
Cezar Drăgăniță
Marian Dumitru
Cornel Durău
Valentina Ardean-Elisei
Alexander Fölker
Mircea Grabovschi
Cristian Gațu
Gheorghe Gruia
Roland Gunesch
Claudiu Eugen Ionescu
Gabriel Kicsid
Ghiţă Licu
Nicolae Munteanu
Cristina Neagu
Vasile Oprea
Cornel Penu
Valentin Samungi
Simon Schobel
Adrian Simion
Vasile Stîngă
Werner Stöckl
Constantin Tudosie
Lucian Vasilache
Neculai Vasilcă
Radu Voina
Maricel Voinea
Ice Hockey
Elöd Antal
Istvan Antal
Dumitru Axinte
Ion Berdilă
Cazacu Cazan
Marian Costea
Şandor Gal
Ioan Gheorghiu
Alexandru Hălăucă
Gheorghe Huţan
Vasile Huțanu
Ion Ioniță
George Justinian
Tiberiu Mikloş
Vasile Morar
Doru Moroşan
Bela Nagy
Zoltán Nagy
Valerian Netedu
Constantin Nistor
Adrian Olenici
Eduard Pană
Marian Pisaru
Mihail Popescu
László Sólyom
Doru Tureanu
Dezideriu Varga
Nicolae Vişan
Judo
Corina Căprioriu
Alina Dumitru
Simona Richter
Luge
Ioan Apostol
Rowing
Felicia Afrăsiloaie
Angela Alupei
Angelica Aposteanu
Aurica Bărăscu
Enikő Barabás
Elena Bondar
Florica Bucur
Constanța Burcică
Petre Ceapura
Veronica Cochela
Maria Constantinescu
Georgeta Damian
Elena Dobrițoiu
Maria Magdalena Dumitrache
Rodica Frîntu
Liliana Gafencu
Elena Georgescu
Elena Giurcă
Olga Homeghi
Doina Ignat
Ana Iliuță
Elisabeta Lipă
Ladislau Lovrenschi
Camelia Macoviciuc-Mihalcea
Maria Micșa
Simona Muşat
Ioana Olteanu
Ioana Papuc
Dimitrie Popescu
Marioara Popescu
Valeria Răcilă
Dumitru Răducanu
Iulică Ruican
Rodica Şerban
Doina Spîrcu
Viorica Susanu
Nicolae Țaga
Viorel Talapan
Anca Tănase
Sanda Toma
Ioana Tudoran
Ştefan Tudor
Marlena Zagoni
Rugby union
Gheorghe Benţia
Teodor Florian
Nicolae Mărăscu
Mircea Sfetescu
Shooting
Ion Dumitrescu
Corneliu Ion
Daniel Iuga
Gheorghe Lichiardopol
Alin Moldoveanu
Ştefan Petrescu
Iulian Raicea
Marcel Roşca
Nicolae Rotaru
Iosif Sîrbu
Ion Tripşa
Speed skating
Mihaela Dascălu
Swimming
Beatrice Câșlaru
Răzvan Florea
Diana Mocanu
Camelia Potec
Timea Toth, Romanian-born Israeli Olympic swimmer
Tennis
Irina-Camelia Begu
Sorana Cîrstea
Simona Halep
Victor Hănescu
Ilie Năstase
Monica Niculescu
Raluca Olaru
Andrei Pavel
Magda Rurac
Virginia Ruzici
Mariana Simionescu
Irina Spîrlea
Horia Tecău
Ion Țiriac
Volleyball
Marius Căta-Chiţiga
Valter Chifu
Laurenţiu Dumănoiu
Günther Enescu
Dan Gîrleanu
Sorin Macavei
Viorel Manole
Florin Mina
Corneliu Oros
Nicolae Pop
Constantin Sterea
Nicu Stoian
Water polo
Cosmin Radu
Bogdan Rath
Weightlifting
Roxana Cocoș
Răzvan Martin
Nicu Vlad
Wrestling
Constantin Alexandru
Vasile Andrei
Ion Baciu
Gheorghe Berceanu
Valeriu Bularca
Ion Cernea
Roman Codreanu
Petre Dicu
Victor Dolipschi
Nicu Gingă
Francisc Horvat
Vasile Iorga
Nicolae Martinescu
Stelică Morcov
Dumitru Pârvulescu
Simion Popescu
Ștefan Rusu
Ladislau Şimon
Ion Țăranu
See also
Sport in Romania
Romania at the Olympics
Sportspeople
Romania | {'title': 'List of Romanian sportspeople', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Romanian%20sportspeople', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hamid Khan is a secondary school (high school) in Island Glades, Penang, Malaysia. The school has approximately 750 students. The average passes every year for the national level examinations SPM and PMR is well above 90%.
School song
Hidup Sambil Belajar
Murid-murid dengan hati bersatu penuh semangat membara
Mendapat didikan serta ilmu demi kemakmuran negara
Menghadapi segala cabaran mengatasi segala bebanan
Rajin berusaha dalam pelajaran dan cemerlang di bidang sukan
Bertabah hati, yakinkan diri, hidup adil saksama
Sentiasa bersyukur, mencintai yang luhur dan bertimbang rasa,
Dengan hasrat untuk menjayakan cita sumpah dan ikrar,
Di Sekolah Menengah Hamid Khan kami hidup sambil belajar.
Subjects
The subjects are divided into two levels, the lower secondary (forms 1 to 3) and the upper secondary (forms 4 and 5). Form 3 students will sit for the PT3 public examination and Form 5 students will be sitting for their SPM (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia). public examination at the end of their second schooling semester. In P.T.3, the core subjects taken are:
English Language
Malay Language
Mathematics
Geography
History
Living Skills (Kemahiran Hidup)
Science
Islamic Education (Pendidikan Islam)
The subjects taken in S.P.M. are:
English Language, Malay Language, Additional Mathematics, Modern Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Science (for the arts and accounting streams) and Islamic Studies (Moral Studies for non-Muslim students).
subjects are based on students majoring in science
A Brief History
By the end of 1976, this school had two blocks (two storeys high) which consists of a general office, principal's office, vice principal's office, teacher's room, a library, two science labs, an art room and fourteen class rooms.
Originally, it was an all-girls school which was called Island Glades Girls School. It was then changed to Sekolah Menengah Island Glades as they changed it into a mixed school. Finally, the name Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hamid Khan was given in honour of Captain Hamid Khan who played a significant role in the education ministry before Malaysia's independence.
In 1977, this school had 272 students and twelve teachers. This school was then officiated by the Education Minister, Y.B.Dr. Michael Toyad on 25 July 1977.
Headmaster
1977-1978 :Oh Eu Kok
1979 :Ung Kim Cheng
1980-1981 :Ang Thoon Seng
1982 :Leow Lim Hai
1982-1987 :Tuan Haji Mohd. Ismail bin Ibramsa
1987-1990 :Tuan Haji Mohd. Daud bin Haji Mohamed
1990-1992 :Mohd Tahir bin Mydin
1992-1993 :Ahmad bin Hashim
1994-1995 :Azlan bin Abu Bakar
1995-1999 :Tuan Shaikh Mohamed bin Shaikh Ahmad Baladram
2000-2004 :Lee Teong Aun
2004-2008 :Joseph Wong Kee Kuok
2009-2015 :Norizan Bt. Abd. Rashid
2015–2020 :Baskaran a/l Karuppiah
2020-present :Thirumamani a/l Sundaraj
External links
http://smkhamidkhan.edu.my
Schools in Penang
Secondary schools in Malaysia
Educational institutions established in 1977
1977 establishments in Malaysia | {'title': 'SMK Hamid Khan, Penang', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMK%20Hamid%20Khan%2C%20Penang', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
María Isabel Studer Noguez is Director of Alianza University of California-Mexico. She was Director for Strategic Initiatives for Latin America and Executive Director for Mexico and Northern Central America of The Nature Conservancy. She was Director General for International Economic Cooperation at the Mexican Agency for International Cooperation, where she launched the Partnership for Sustainability with the aim of engaging the private sector in developing public-private projects around the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. For almost a decade, she was a professor and researcher in international relations at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (Tec de Monterrey), principally working as the director of the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (IGS), formerly the Centro de Diálogo y Análysis sobre América del Norte (CEDAN). She began her academic career working in international relations and has held positions in both Mexico and the United States teaching, researching, advising and writing on topics related to international relations, especially in North America, business and environmental issues. Her publications include books, scholarly articles as well as articles and columns for various media.
Today, she is Senior Fellow of The Atlantic Council's Adrienne Arscht Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, Chair of the Board of Sostenibilidad Global and Inciativa Climática de México (ICM), member of the Board of Directors of the World Environment Center, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)'s Environment of Peace, the Sustainability Experts Advisory Group of Dow Chemical, and the Advisory Council for Water (Mexico).
Education
Studer received her bachelor's degree in international relations from the Colegio de México in 1986. She received her masters (1990) and doctorate (1997) in international relations from the School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University. Her dissertation was “MNE’s Global Strategies and Government Policies in the Automobile Industry: Ford Motor Company in North America.” In 1993 she did her field research at the Canadian Embassy in Washington. During her studies, Studer received several scholarships including a Fulbright Scholarship in 1988, Galo Plaza Fellowship of the Inter-American Dialogue in 1990, the SAIS scholarship and a scholarship from CONACYT. She is fluent in Spanish, English and French.
Career
Academic career
She has been a tenured professor and researcher at a number of prestigious Mexican universities and institutions. From 1993 to 1997, she was a professor and researcher at the international studies division of the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), which was followed by a year as a visiting professor at the department of business and economics at Colorado College in Colorado Springs. From 1997 to 2000, she taught at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) with the international studies department, then was a professor and research at the Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO). From 2005 to 2006, she was an associate professor at the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE) and a senior fellow at the Center for North American Studies at the American University in Washington.
Work in government
Studer began her career as a staff member at the Inter-American Dialogue in Washington, DC from 1990 to 1991. Since then, she has held a number of public policy positions in Mexico and the United States. In 2001, she was the deputy director general for North America at the Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, as well as an alternate representative to the Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America (CEC). From 2005 to 2006 she was the research director for the Commission for Labor Cooperation in Washington, DC. In 2010, she joined the research program on climate change at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). In 2011 she became a member of the Beyond Banking Program committee of the Inter-American Development Bank, and in 2012 a member of the evaluation committee of the Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Dr. Studer was ca member of the Consejo de Cambio Climático (Climate Change Board) with the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, which advises the president on issues regarding the topic.
Tec de Monterrey/Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad
Her research work has been related to the effects of interdependency and its relation to the global economy.
As a professor and researcher for the Tec de Monterrey, Mexico City campus, she lectured with graduate level classes in sustainable development and other topics at the EGADE Business School. She founded and coordinated the Negocios Verdes (Green Business Summit) program. and directed of the Greening of Value Chains Program, a MIF-Tec de Monterrey Program.
Since October 2011, she became the director of IGS. Since January 2008, director of CEDAN Her research work mostly revolves around the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (Global Institute for Sustainability), which is based on the Mexico City campus. The institute began as the Centro de Diálogo y Análisis sobre América del Norte (Center of Dialogue and Analysis of North America) or CEDAN, which she founded and directed in cooperation with the Escuela de Graduados en Administracíon y Políticas Públicas (Graduate School of Administration and Public Policy) on her campus. She states that one frustration of academia is that much of the knowledge that is generated is not immediately useful for making political decisions. Her goal with CEDAN was to create a kind of think tank focusing on generating practical information on things that concern Mexico and its policies.
About eighty percent of CEDAN’s activities were related to sustainability, environment and climate change, so Studer reorganized the institute and gave it the new name of the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (Global Institute of Sustainability) or IGS, a partnership between the Tec de Monterrey and Arizona State University. She says that her objective in international studies is to make Mexico a better country, and that its citizens benefit from globalization. The enterprise has become successful enough to be known in the United States and Canada as well.
Publications and media
Studer has written on topics such as economic integration, regional governance, the auto industry, labor and labor migration, trade and environment, environmental standards, climate change and renewable energy in various publications both academic and popular. She has served as a commenter in various media on topics related to international affairs, issues related to North America (such as NAFTA) and sustainable development. From 2001 to 2005, she was a columnist on international affairs for the newspaper El Universal, later becoming a member of the editorial board of the Reforma publication. She has also served as a commentator at El Palenque of Animal Político. She also regularly writes academic journal articles, mostly related to the process of regional integration and the institutions of North America, especially relations between Mexico and the U.S. and Mexico and Canada.
Recognitions
Recognitions for her work include being chosen as an associate on COMEXI (Mexican Council on Foreign Affairs) in 2009, a recognition from the governor of Canada in 2009 as well as selection as academic partner at The World Climate Summit in 2010, an ambassador to the World Mayors Summit on Climate and a judge at the “Boot Camp” of the Cleantech Challenge and the Siemens Green Technology Journalism Award in 2011.
In 2013, she received the Académico-Científico award from the Petroleo & Energia magazine as part of their Los 100 Líderes del Sector Energía (100 Leaders in the Energy Sector) 2013 event. Dr. Studer has been a member of Mexico’s Sistema Nacional de Investigadores since 1994, reaching Level II status in 2009.
Publications
Books
Designing Integration: Regional Governance on Climate Change in North America, edited with Neil Craik & Deborah VanNijnatten, Toronto: Toronto University Press, 2013. (to be published).
“Aportaciones de un internacionalista mexicano”. (Input of a Mexican internationalist) Author: Carlos Rico Ferrat. The College of Mexico . Mexico. November 2012. Compilation.
Réquiem or Revival?: The Promise of North American Integration, edited with Carol Wise, Washington DC: The Brookings Institution, 2007.
Ford Global Strategies and the North American Auto Industry, Routledge Series of International Business and the World Economy, London: Routledge, 2002.
“La economía política de la integración regional”, (The political economy of the regional integration), virtual textbook, Masters on Regional Integration, University of Murcia (Spain), the Ortega y Gasset University Institute (Spain) and the International Institute on Government, Management and Policy de Georgetown University (United States), 2003.
Journal articles
“Modern Mexico: Shaping the Future”. In: “2012: A New Mexican Vision for North America?”
Task Force Policy Papers, University of Miami. Miami. December 2012.
“Mercado de trabajo y capital humano en América del Norte”. (Labor market, human capital and labor mobility in North America). In: Foro Internacional. Vol. 52, No. 03, 2012.
“Who controls North America”. In: Literary Review of Canada. Vol. 20, No. 03., April 2012. Review.
“A joint research agenda”. In: Canada Among Nations 2011-2012. McGill-Queen’s University Press 2012
“Una agenda de investigación común”. (A joint research agenda) In: México y Canadá: La agenda pendiente. (Mexico and Canada: The outstanding agenda). Mexican Council on Foreign Relations. Mexico. 2012.
“Mexico-Canadá: el camino hacia una sociedad estratégica”. (Mexico-Canada: The road to a strategic partnership). In: Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior. Issue #92. Mexico. March–June 2011.
See also
List of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education faculty
References
Mexican women academics
Academic staff of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
The Nature Conservancy
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Isabel Studer', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel%20Studer', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Shmyhal government () is the current government of Ukraine, formed on 4 March 2020 and led by Denys Shmyhal, who was previously acting vice prime minister, and earlier the Governor of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast.
History
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's first government was the Honcharuk Government, formed after the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election. However, Zelenskyy was dissatisfied with the government due to high ministerial salaries and poor performance. On 3 March 2020, Prime Minister Oleksiy Honcharuk tendered his resignation, and by law this triggered the automatic resignation of the Honcharuk Government. In his 4 March 2020 address to the parliament, Zelenskyy expressed his hope for a stronger government, and that day Honcharuk was dismissed by the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) and Denys Shmyhal was appointed prime minister.
The transition from the Honcharuk government was treated in some local press as worrisome, with the Kyiv Post calling it "hasty" and "awkward".
Appointment of Shmyhal as Prime Minister
The appointment of Shmyhal as the Prime Minister of Ukraine was approved by the Verkhovna Rada in a special session on 4 March 2020. Shmyhal was an acting vice prime minister at the time of his appointment; he had previously served as Governor of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. 291 people's deputies voted for his candidacy, while the members of most of the other factions (Opposition Platform — For Life, European Solidarity, Fatherland, and Voice) did not support it.
Composition
At the time of appointment of the government five minister seats remained vacant at the following ministries: the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Culture, and the Ministry of Education. Four ministers kept the same post as they had in the previous Honcharuk government: the Digital Transformation Minister Mykhailo Fedorov, Justice Minister Denys Maliuska, Infrastructure Minister Vladyslav Krykliy, and Interior Minister Arsen Avakov. Two ministers switched posts: Vadym Prystaiko left the Foreign Ministry and became the Deputy Prime Minister for Eurointegration while Dmytro Kuleba did the complete opposite, taking on the post of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. On 18 May 2021 parliament dismissed Krykliy as Minister.
All the ministerial posts — apart from those of the Ministers of Defense and Minister of Foreign Affairs that were put forward for voting by President Zelensky as these post are presidential nominations — were voted in by a package vote, with the support of 277 people's deputies.
Health Minister Illia Yemets and Finance Minister Ihor Umansky were dismissed by the parliament on 30 March 2020.
Initially the government did not have a separate Environmental Minister (the Ministry of Energy and Environmental Protection was at first responsible for environmental policies), but on 19 June 2020 Roman Abramovsky was appointed Minister of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources.
On 4 July 2020 President Zelensky announced that a (new post of) Deputy Prime Minister for Industrial Policy could appear in the government in a week. On 16 July 2020 Oleh Urusky was appointed Vice Prime Minister responsible for the new Ministry of Strategic Industries of Ukraine.
In the (previous government installed in August 2019) Honcharuk government the ministry responsible for agricultural policies was the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture. But in January 2020 President Zelensky stated the need to split the agriculture part of this Ministry. When the Shmyhal government was formed the Minister (in the Honcharuk government) of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture, Tymofiy Mylovanov refused to head a newly reestablish Ministry of Agriculture. On 9 July 2020 Zelensky predicted that "at maximum in September" Ukraine would have a separate Minister of Agriculture again. On 17 December 2020 Roman Leshchenko was appointed as Minister of Agricultural Policy and Food. Mykola Solskyi replaced him on 24 March 2022.
Veteran Minister Serhiy Bessarab resigned on 16 December 2020 for health reasons. He was replaced two days later with Yulia Laputina.
On 18 May 2021 the Ukrainian parliament dismissed Ihor Petrashko as Minister of Economic Development and Trade. Two days later his successor became Oleksiy Liubchenko, who was also appointed First Deputy Prime Minister. Liubchenko was dismissed by Parliament on 3 November 2021.
On 12 July 2021 Minister of Internal Affairs Arsen Avakov announced that he had submitted his resignation as Interior Minister, and his resignation was accepted by parliament two days later. On 16 July 2021 Denys Monastyrsky was appointed Avakov's successor. Following his January 2023 death in a helicopter crash, Monastyrsky was succeeded by Ihor Klymenko on 7 February 2023.
Environmental minister Roman Abramovsky and minister of Strategic Industries of Ukraine Oleh Urusky and Minister of Defence Andriy Taran were dismissed by Parliament on 3 November 2021.
On 2 December 2022 the Ministry of Communities and Territories Development and the Ministry of Infrastructure were merged, creating the Ministry of Development of Communities, Territories and Infrastructure. Infrastructure minister Oleksandr Kubrakov took over as head of the combined ministry.
Three Ministers were dismissed by parliament on 20 March 2023; Minister of Education and Science Serhiy Shkarlet, Minister of Strategic Industries Pavlo Riabikin and the Minister of Digital Transformation Mykhailo Fedorov. The same day parliament received Prime Minister Shmyhal's submissions on the appointment of three ministers; Mykhailo Fedorov as Deputy Prime Minister for Innovation, Development of Education, Science and Technology, Minister of Digital Transformation, as Minister of Education and Science and Oleksandr Kamyshin as Minister of Strategic Industries.
See also
9th Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada
Notes
References
Ukrainian governments
9th Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada
Cabinets established in 2020
2020 establishments in Ukraine
Current governments | {'title': 'Shmyhal Government', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shmyhal%20Government', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Chandi Kori is a 2015 Indian Tulu film directed by Devadas Kapikad also appearing in a supporting role. Arjun Kapikad and Karishma Amin star in lead roles, and Naveen D. Padil, Bhojaraj Vamanjoor, Gopinath Bhat and Aravind Bolar feature in supporting roles.
The film successfully completes 100 days in Mangalore and Udupi. The film was produced by Sharmila Kapikad and Sachin Sunder.
Cast
Arjun Kapikad
Karishma Amin
Devadas Kapikad
Naveen D. Padil
Bhojaraj Vamanjoor
Aravind Bolar
Gopinath Bhat
Chethan Rai
D. S. Boloor
Sarojini Shetty
Shobha Rai
Sumithra Rai
Manisha
Sujatha
Thimmappa Kulal
Suresh Kulal
Soundtrack
The soundtrack of the film was composed by Devadas Kapikad and the film's score was composed by Manikanth Kadri. The soundtrack album was released on 20 August 2015 with the Anand Audio acquiring the audio rights.
List of Tulu Movies Links
List of tulu films of 2015
List of Tulu films of 2014
List of Released Tulu films
Tulu cinema
Tulu Movie Actors
Tulu Movie Actresses
Karnataka State Film Award for Best Regional film
RED FM Tulu Film Awards
Tulu Cinemotsava 2015
References
2015 films
Tulu-language films | {'title': 'Chandi Kori', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandi%20Kori', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Guilty as Charged (2000) was the second ECW Guilty as Charged professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). It took place on January 9, 2000 from the Boutwell Memorial Auditorium in Birmingham, Alabama.
In the main event, Mike Awesome defeated Spike Dudley in a singles match to retain the ECW World Heavyweight Championship. In the undercard, The Impact Players (Justin Credible and Lance Storm) defeated Tommy Dreamer and Raven to win the ECW World Tag Team Championship, while Rob Van Dam retained the ECW World Television Championship against Sabu.
Event
Preliminary matches
The event kicked off with a match between Mikey Whipwreck and C. W. Anderson. Lou E. Dangerously struck Whipwreck with his cell phone and Anderson delivered an Anderson Spinebuster to Whipwreck for the win.
Next, Nova, Kid Kash and Jazz competed against the team of Simon Diamond, Danny Doring and Roadkill. Kash, Jazz, Diamond and Diamond's returning bodyguard "Big" Dick Hurtz brawled with each other and their fight spilled to the backstage, leaving the action to Nova against Doring and Roadkill. Chris Chetti joined the match to wrestle alongside Nova. A distraction by Elektra allowed Roadkill to deliver an Amish Splash to Chetti for the win. After the match, The Dupps (Bo, Jack and Puck) attacked Roadkill and Chetti until Nova and Doring chased them away with steel chairs.
Next, Super Crazy and Yoshihiro Tajiri competed against Jerry Lynn and Little Guido in a tag team match. Guido turned on Lynn by hitting a Sicilian Slice on Lynn and left and then Tajiri followed by delivering a brainbuster to Lynn for the win. After the match, Corino and Tajiri joined by Jack Victory and Tommy Rich, would attack Lynn and insult the fans and Dusty Rhodes. Rhodes would make his surprise debut from the crowd, attacking them until Rhino beat him down. The locker room would empty to save Rhodes from Corino's entourage.
In the following match, New Jack took on Angel. The interference by Da Baldies allowed Angel to hit Jack over the head with a shovel for the win.
Later, Rob Van Dam defended the World Television Championship against Sabu, which stipulated that Sabu would leave ECW if he lost the match. RVD dropkicked the chair into Bill Alfonso's face when Alfonso tried to prevent RVD from using the chair. Sabu attacked RVD and attempted to hit a triple jump moonsault but RVD nailed the chair in Sabu's ribs and delivered a Five-Star Frog Splash to Sabu to retain the title.
Tommy Dreamer and Raven defended the World Tag Team Championship against The Impact Players (Lance Storm and Justin Credible) in the penultimate match. Dawn Marie and Francine got involved in a brawl with each other. Francine hit a bronco buster to Marie and then Credible attempted to hit a kendo stick on Francine but Raven got in the way to save Francine and got hit with it. Credible then delivered a That's Incredible to Raven to win the titles.
Main event match
Mike Awesome defended the World Heavyweight Championship against Spike Dudley in the main event. Awesome delivered an Awesome Bomb to Dudley from the top rope, through a table to retain the title.
Reception
John Powell of the SLAM! Sports section of Canadian Online Explorer rated the event 4 out of 10, stating "ECW tried to mimic the competition cramming the show with more mike work than a livestock auction in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The outcome was a meandering pay-per-view bereft of any momentum or clarity. Even a high voltage Sabu - RVD bout couldn't save the show." He criticized the idea of the main event between Mike Awesome and Spike Dudley for the World Heavyweight Championship and did not consider Dudley, a deserving contender for the World Heavyweight Championship.
Nick Sellers of 411Mania gave Guilty as Charged, a rating of 6.5, writing "The last three matches are all good examples of ECW's brand of wrestling, which in turn features some of the most notable workers of its existence. The world title match probably shouldn't have headlined the show, but Awesome's athleticism and Spike's stint as a crash test dummy were fun to watch. The TV title clash is balls to the wall action with some great gymnastry and the tag title bout had its fair share of good action. The rest is totally irrelevant and not worth tracking down. Even with that said, a PPV is only really as good as its headline matches, all of which delivered. Thumbs leaning up for the fun factor alone."
Results
References
ECW Guilty as Charged
2000 in Alabama
Events in Birmingham, Alabama
Professional wrestling in Alabama
January 2000 events in the United States
2000 Extreme Championship Wrestling pay-per-view events | {'title': 'Guilty as Charged (2000)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilty%20as%20Charged%20%282000%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Louis Dupree (August 23, 1925 – March 21, 1989) was an American archaeologist, anthropologist, and scholar of Afghan culture and history. He was the husband of Nancy Hatch Dupree, who was the Board Director of the Afghanistan Center at Kabul University in Afghanistan and author of five books about Afghanistan. The husband and wife team from the United States worked together for 15 years in Kabul, collecting as many works written about Afghanistan as they could. They travelled across the country from 1962 until the 1979 Soviet intervention, conducting archaeological excavations.
Early life and careers
Dupree was born on August 23, 1925, in Greenville, North Carolina. He left Greenville High School around 1943 without graduating to serve in World War II, where he joined the United States Merchant Marine and was stationed in the Philippines. At the end of the war he decided to transfer to the 11th Airborne Division of the United States Army. When World War II ended, he began Asian archeology and ethnology studies at Harvard University. After receiving his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees, he planned to re-visit the Philippines for research purposes but was rejected by its government, instead he was invited to join an archeological survey in Afghanistan in 1949. This led to his lifelong interest in southwestern Asia, from 1959 and 1983.
Dupree taught at the following universities:
Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base
Pennsylvania State University (Penn State)
Princeton University in New Jersey
United States Military Academy at West Point, New York
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Duke University in Durham, North Carolina
During his career, Dupree also served as adviser to several governments, including those of West Germany, France, Denmark, Sweden, and Great Britain. He consulted with the United States Department of State and the United Nations. As an affiliate of the American Universities Field Staff (AUFS), he was their expert on Afghanistan and Pakistan.
He and his wife were often seen driving in a four-wheel-drive Land Rover truck in Afghan cities. After the April 1978 Saur Revolution in Afghanistan, Dupree was arrested and deported from the country. He moved back to the United States but often visited neighboring Pakistan to monitor the Soviet–Afghan War. He has worked with the mujahideen forces who were fighting the Soviet-backed government of Afghanistan. He spent time in Peshawar, Pakistan, along with his wife, assisting Afghan refugees. He had previously stayed in Pakistan as a Fulbright Scholar and as an advisor on Afghan affairs to the US ambassador in Pakistan.
Death
Dupree died of lung cancer on March 21, 1989, at Duke University Hospital in Durham, North Carolina, just a month after the last Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan.
Books
Afghanistan (1973)
An Historical Guide to Afghanistan (1972)
An Historical Guide to Kabul
A Guide to the National Museum
References
External links
Museum Under Siege: Full Text by Nancy Hatch Duprée
ABLE in Afghanistan
Embassy of Afghanistan Hosts Benefit for Afghanistan Center
A Chronicler of Afghan Culture, Now Its Loyal Guard
Preserving Afghanistan's Cultural Heritage: An Interview with Nancy Hatch Duprée
Nancy Dupree's love affair with Kabul
Groundbreaking ceremony for new library at Kabul University: 25 July 2009
http://zeroanthropology.net/2012/07/31/the-goat-caught-in-bushkazi-personal-effects-of-ones-role-in-the-great-game/
American emigrants to Afghanistan
American expatriates in Pakistan
Harvard University alumni
Princeton University faculty
Duke University faculty
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
1925 births
1989 deaths
Central Asian studies scholars
20th-century American archaeologists
Writers from Durham, North Carolina
20th-century American male writers
United States Army soldiers
People from Greenville, North Carolina
Historians of Afghanistan
20th-century American anthropologists
20th-century American historians
United States Merchant Mariners of World War II
Deaths from cancer in North Carolina
Deaths from lung cancer | {'title': 'Louis Dupree (professor)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Dupree%20%28professor%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
George Walter Foster (born 26 September 1956) is an English former footballer and manager, who now works as assistant manager to James Rowe at National League club Chesterfield.
He began his career as a full-back, but was later moved into central defence. He began his career at Plymouth Argyle in 1974, and went on to spend eight years with the "Pilgrims", winning promotion out of the Third Division in 1974–75, as well as the club's Player of the Year award in 1978 and 1980. He also played on loan at Torquay United and Exeter City. He was sold on to Derby County for a £40,000 fee in June 1982, before moving on to Mansfield Town the following year. He spent the next decade with the "Stags", and after being named as the club's Player of the Year, was then named on the PFA Team of the Year as he helped Mansfield to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1985–86. He also won the Football League Trophy with the club in 1987. He was appointed player-manager in February 1989, and led the club to promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1991–92, but was sacked after failing to keep Mansfield in the Third Division. He ended his playing career with 649 league appearances in a 20-year career in the Football League. He later managed Conference club Telford United from 1993 to 1995, before becoming a professional scout.
Playing career
Plymouth Argyle
Foster began his career at his hometown club Plymouth Argyle, moving from the youth-team through the reserve team and into the first-team. He made his debut in a Third Division match against Hereford United on 20 February 1974. The club finished in 17th place in 1973–74, before winning promotion as the division's runners-up in 1974–75 – they finished just one point behind champions Blackburn Rovers. Argyle went on to finish 16th in the Second Division in 1975–76, before slipping back into the third tier after finishing two points short of safety in 1976–77. Foster also spent a brief time on loan at Devon rivals Torquay United in October 1976, scoring three goals in six league games. The "Pilgrims" replaced manager Tony Waiters with Mike Kelly, and only avoided a second successive relegation by just two places and three points in 1977–78 after Malcolm Allison replaced Kelly as manager in March. Foster was changed to the centre-back position during the campaign and it was there that he established himself as a mainstay in the starting eleven.
Under the stewardship of new boss Bobby Saxton, Plymouth moved up to a more secure 15th-place finish in 1978–79, and Foster recovered from a broken leg to regain his first-team spot for the 1979–80 campaign. Plymouth rose to seventh place in 1980–81, before new manager Bobby Moncur led the club to a tenth-place finish in 1981–82. Foster spent part of the season on loan at Brian Godfrey's Exeter City, playing 28 Third Division games at St James Park after making his debut against Plymouth on 28 December. He was an ever-present at Exeter for the remainder of the campaign and became the first player to win the club's Player of the Year award whilst on loan from another club. He turned down a transfer to Sheffield United as he did not want to drop down to the Fourth Division. During an eight-year spell at Home Park, Foster scored six goals in 248 league and cup appearances and was named as the club's Player of the Year in 1978 and 1980.
Derby County
In June 1982, Derby County manager Peter Taylor paid £40,000 for his services. Foster would only spend one season at the Baseball Ground, playing 30 Second Division games for the "Rams".
Mansfield Town
Foster joined Mansfield Town on a free transfer in summer 1983. He made his Mansfield debut on 27 August 1983 in a 4–0 defeat against Bristol City. However, things would soon take a turn for the better, and Foster was named the club's Player of the Year as Ian Greaves's "Stags" finished 19th in the Fourth Division in 1983–84. He was then named team captain, and marshalled a defence that only conceded 38 goals in the league in 1984–85. In 1985–86, Foster helped the Field Mill outfit gain promotion in third place, and was recognised by his peers with a place on the PFA Team of the Year. Mansfield then finished tenth in the Third Division in 1986–87, and Foster captained the side in their triumph at Wembley as Mansfield won the Football League Trophy after a penalty shoot-out victory over Bristol City. Town then finished just two places and two points above the relegation zone in 1987–88.
Managerial career
Mansfield Town
When Ian Greaves stepped down as Mansfield manager in February 1989, Foster was named player-manager. The "Stags" ended the 1988–89 season in 15th place in the Third Division. In his first full season in charge, 1989–90, Mansfield again posted a 15th-place finish. They suffered relegation after finishing bottom of the division in the 1990–91 campaign. Foster then took the Field Mill outfit straight back up after leading the club to the third and final automatic Fourth Division promotion place in 1991–92. However, he could not keep the club in the Third Division, as they went straight back down in 1992–93. In September 1993, following a poor start to the 1993–94 season, Foster was sacked as manager. Mansfield went on to finish in 12th place under new manager Andy King.
Telford United
In October 1993, Foster was named player-manager at Telford United, where he stayed until June 1995. He led the "Bucks" to 17th and 19th-place finishes in the Conference in 1993–94 and 1994–95, as Telford finished just above the relegation zone.
Scouting career
After a spell as assistant manager at Lincoln City, Foster was appointed chief scout at Wolverhampton Wanderers by manager Dave Jones in April 2001. He worked as chief scout at Coventry City until he was sacked after manager Micky Adams was replaced by Iain Dowie in February 2008. He was appointed as Academy director by Stoke City boss Tony Pulis in April 2007. He later scouted for the Glenn Hoddle Academy, before being appointed chief scout at Hull City by manager Nick Barmby in December 2011. He was appointed chief scout at Port Vale by Micky Adams in November 2012. His greatest success was to spot Jordan Hugill playing in non-league football; he left the position in June 2014 to take up a new role as Swansea City's European scout. He was appointed as assistant manager to James Rowe at National League North club Gloucester City at December 2019. He followed Rowe to Chesterfield in November 2020.
Career statistics
Source:
A. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the League Cup, Football League Trophy, Football League play-offs and Full Members Cup.
Honours
Individual
Plymouth Argyle F.C. Player of the Year: 1978 & 1979–80
Exeter City F.C. Player of the Year: 1981–82
Mansfield Town F.C. Player of the Year: 1984
PFA Team of the Year (Fourth Division): 1985–86
Mansfield Town
Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion: 1985–86
Football League Trophy: 1987
Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion: 1991–92
References
1956 births
Living people
Footballers from Plymouth, Devon
English footballers
Association football central defenders
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Derby County F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Telford United F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Association football player-managers
English football managers
Mansfield Town F.C. managers
Telford United F.C. managers
English Football League managers
National League (English football) managers
Association football coaches
Association football scouts
Lincoln City F.C. non-playing staff
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff
Coventry City F.C. non-playing staff
Stoke City F.C. non-playing staff
Hull City A.F.C. non-playing staff
Port Vale F.C. non-playing staff
Swansea City A.F.C. non-playing staff
Chesterfield F.C. non-playing staff | {'title': 'George Foster (footballer)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Foster%20%28footballer%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
John Edward Tyrrell (December 7, 1900September 20, 1949) was an American film actor. He appeared in over 250 films between 1935 and 1947, known for his numerous appearances in the Three Stooges, in a total of 28 shorts with Curly Howard as a third stooge.
Career
Tyrrell was 16 years old when he became involved in vaudeville, part of the team Tyrrell and Mack. Like many actors in the Stooge comedies, Tyrrell was a salaried contract player. The Columbia stock company was called upon to play incidental roles in practically everything the studio produced: important films, low-budget "B" pictures, short subjects, and serials. (Some of these players graduated to stardom, like Lloyd Bridges, Bruce Bennett, Adele Mara and Ann Doran.) John Tyrrell worked steadily at Columbia Pictures from 1935 to 1946 for 11 years. Occasionally, only Tyrrell's voice would be used, as a radio newsman, public-address announcer, or police-call dispatcher. Tyrrell and fellow stock player Eddie Laughton often appeared together in Columbia movies (frequently as mobsters waiting in a getaway car). One of Tyrrell's biggest roles was probably in the 1939 serial Mandrake the Magician, in which he played a masked crime lord's right-hand man. Modern viewers will also remember him in several shorts of The Three Stooges, such as A Plumbing We Will Go as Judge Hadley, B.O. Davis/Lone Wolf Louie in So Long Mr. Chumps, In the Sweet Pie and Pie as the maître d', Williams, Mr. Dill in Dizzy Detectives, and other of his 28 appearances in the Three Stooges, all of them with Curly Howard.
Death
Tyrrell's final appearance with the Three Stooges was in Uncivil War Birds (1946). After spending several months at Kingsbridge Veteran's Hospital in the Bronx, New York, possibly due to some of his health problems, John Tyrrell died of complications from pneumonia on September 20, 1949, at age 48.
Selected filmography
The Public Menace (1935) - Photographer (uncredited)
Three Little Beers (1935)
Too Tough to Kill (1935) - Henchman (uncredited)
If You Could Only Cook (1936) - Reporter (uncredited)
Dangerous Intrigue (1936) - Clerk (uncredited)
The Music Goes 'Round (1936 film)
Pride of the Marines (1936 film) (1936) - Sergeant (uncredited)
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) - Reporter (uncredited)
Devil's Squadron (1936) - Mechanic (uncredited)
Bullets or Ballots (1936) - Red (uncredited)
Three Smart Girls (1936)
Counterfeit Lady (1936)
It Happened in Hollywood (1937)
Motor Madness (1937)
The Frame-Up (1937)
West of Cheyenne (1938)
Call of the Rockies (1938)
Smashing the Spy Ring (1939)
We Want Our Mummy (1939) - Thug in Egyptian garb
Mandrake the Magician (1939)
Three Little Sew and Sews (1939)
The Man They Could Not Hang (1939)
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)
Scandal Sheet (1939)
The Taming of the West (1939)
Thundering Frontier (1940)
You Nazty Spy! (1940)
A Plumbing We Will Go (1940)
Nutty but Nice (1940)
From Nurse to Worse (1940)The Secret Seven (1940)
No Census, No Feeling (1940)
Boobs in Arms (1940)
The Face Behind The Mask (1941)
So Long Mr. Chumps (1941)
All the World's a Stooge (1941)
In the Sweet Pie and Pie (1941)
Some More of Samoa (1941)
Loco Boy Makes Good (1942)
What's the Matador? (1942)
Stand By All Networks (1942)
Tramp, Tramp, Tramp (1942)
Three Smart Saps (1942)
They Stooge to Conga (1943)
Dizzy Detectives (1943)
A Gem of a Jam (1943)
Sergeant Mike (1944)
Crash Goes the Hash (1944)
Busy Buddies (1944)
Sailor's Holiday (1944)
Gents Without Cents (1944)
No Dough Boys (1944)
If a Body Meets a Body (1945) - The Lawyer (uncredited)
Booby Dupes (1945)
Micro-Phonies (1945)
Rough, Tough and Ready (1945)
Uncivil War Birds (1946) (Final appearance in the Three Stooges)
Night Editor (1946) - Street Sweeper Driver (uncredited)
The Phantom Thief (1946) - Police Patrolman (uncredited)
The Walls Came Tumbling Down (1946) - Grave Digger (uncredited)
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947) - Department Head (uncredited)
Best Man Wins'' (1948) - Dock Officer (Final film role)
References
External links
1900 births
1949 deaths
American male film actors
Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
20th-century American male actors
Deaths from pneumonia in New York City | {'title': 'John Tyrrell (actor)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Tyrrell%20%28actor%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Patrick Edward Putnam (born December 3, 1953) is an American former professional baseball first baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers, Seattle Mariners, and Minnesota Twins. Putnam also played for the Nippon-Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
Career
Amateur
Putnam attended Fort Myers Senior High School then the University of South Alabama. In 1973, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Orleans Cardinals of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
Texas Rangers
Putnam was selected by the Texas Rangers in the first round of the 1975 Major League Baseball draft. He had been drafted a year earlier by the New York Mets, but did not sign. Putnam batted only .242 his first professional season in the Rangers' farm system; however, his batting average jumped to .361 with 24 home runs in . After batting .301 with 15 home runs and 102 runs batted in for the Triple A Tucson Toros in , Putnam made his Major League debut as the designated hitter batting fourth against the Boston Red Sox on September 2.
Putnam again tore up the PCL with Tucson in , batting .309 with 21 home runs and 96 RBIs. He had only two RBIs with the Rangers that season; however, they were both significant. He managed to drive in the only run in their 1-0 victory over the Seattle Mariners on September 22, and two days later, in the Rangers' 5-3 victory at Arlington Stadium over the Mariners, Putnam hit his first major league home run.
Putnam mostly appeared in the line-up as a designated hitter until May 28, , when regular Rangers first baseman Mike Jorgensen was hit in the head by a pitch from Boston Red Sox pitcher Andy Hassler. Putnam took over as the Rangers' regular first baseman for the next month. Putnam made the most of the opportunity and batted .277 with 18 home runs and 64 RBIs to finish fourth in Rookie of the Year balloting.
Putnam failed to live up to his early promise, and in found himself back in the minors with the Denver Bears of the American Association. During the off-season, he was traded to the Seattle Mariners for Ron Musselman.
Final seasons
After a season and a half in Seattle, Putnam was traded to the Minnesota Twins on August 29, . He signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals in , and spent the entire season with their triple A affiliate, the Omaha Royals. He played two seasons in Japan for the Nippon-Ham Fighters in and before retiring.
References
External links
Major League Baseball first basemen
Texas Rangers players
Seattle Mariners players
Minnesota Twins players
Omaha Royals players
Tucson Toros players
Denver Bears players
Asheville Tourists players
Lynchburg Rangers players
Fort Myers Sun Sox players
Miami Dade Sharks baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Nippon Ham Fighters players
1953 births
Living people
Orleans Firebirds players
South Alabama Jaguars baseball players
People from Bethel, Vermont | {'title': 'Pat Putnam', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%20Putnam', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Paranormal Activity is an American supernatural horror franchise consisting of seven films and additional media. Created by Oren Peli, the original film premiered in 2007 and was widely released in 2009.
The films are typically based around various families who become haunted by the demon Asmodeus "Tobi" of the Book of Tobit, that stalks, terrifies and ultimately murders several members of the family and other bystanders during the course of the films. The series makes use of production cameras set up and used security cameras or other recording devices in an attempt to present the films as found footage.
The series has received overall mixed reviews across all films. The first and third films received generally positive critical reception, the second and fifth films received more mixed reviews, and the fourth, sixth and seventh received mostly negative reviews. The series was financially successful, making strong profits based on return on investment. The series as a whole has grossed over thirty times the overall budget.
A seventh mainline installment, titled Next of Kin, was released on October 29, 2021 to the Paramount+ streaming service.
Films
Paranormal Activity (2007)
Set in October 2006, a young couple, Katie and Micah, who have recently moved to a new house in San Diego, California, are terrorized by a demon that has stalked Katie since childhood. The film is designed to look like a found footage-styled film with Micah filming the activity in their house.
Paranormal Activity 2 (2010)
Set in August 2006, two months before the events of the first film, Katie's sister Kristi and her family reside in Carlsbad, California, where they experience strange activity after her baby, named Hunter, is born. The film uses security cameras and in some scenes, a hand-held camera to film the activity in the house.
Paranormal Activity 3 (2011)
Set in September 1988, it focuses on a younger Katie and Kristi, who live with their mother Julie and her boyfriend, Dennis, in Santa Rosa, California. As they experience sightings and then encounter "Tobi" the demon for the very first time. Concerned, Dennis decides to set up a few cameras around the house with the help of his friend Randy, who also encounters "Tobi" as well. There are many cameras set around the house, one of which is attached to a small oscillating fan that moves the camera back and forth from the kitchen area to the living room and vice versa. The film also uses a hand-held camera handled mainly by Dennis.
Paranormal Activity 4 (2012)
Set in November 2011, the film focuses on Alex Nelson and her family residing in a neighborhood in Henderson, Nevada. The family began to experience hauntings, concerning Alex's adopted brother, Wyatt, after Katie and her mysterious son, Robbie, move in across the street. Alex is helped by her boyfriend, Ben, to film the activity via MacBook webcams, a video camera, an iPhone camera and Kinect technology.
Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones (2014)
Set in June 2012, the film follows a Latino community in Oxnard, California, where a group of high school graduates deal with the demon of a mysterious cult which has "marked" one of them. They document their experiences using basic tools of recording and with clues from the previous films to try to understand what is happening to them. The Marked Ones is the last film in the series to feature Katie Featherston.
Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension (2015)
Set in December 2013, the film follows the Fleeges, a family of three who, after having relocated to a house in Santa Rosa, California, discover several tapes, set in 1992, that show Katie and Kristi in the midst of their initiation ritual to enter a demonic coven. The family begins to be haunted by the demon when the daughter, Leila, is targeted as she was born on the same date as Hunter from Paranormal Activity 2. Along with normal recorders, the family also discovers a unique video recorder that can visibly show supernatural happenings, which they use to record the increasing paranormal activities.
Paranormal Activity: Next of Kin (2021)
A seventh installment, Next of Kin, was directed by William Eubank with a script by Christopher Landon. Originally scheduled for release on March 19, 2021, the film was delayed to October 29. Due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema, the project skipped its theatrical release and was instead released via streaming, as a Paramount+ exclusive film. This installment features a teenage girl named Margot who, alongside her group of friends, attempt to make a documentary on an Amish community to try and find out more about Margot's mysterious past, only for them to discover the horrific secrets the town holds. Although not addressing the events of its six predecessors, Next of Kin does still have a slight connection by featuring the same demon and overarching antagonist Tobi, otherwise known as Asmodeus from the Book of Tobit.
Cast and crew
Cast
A dark grey cell indicates that the character was not in the film or that the character's presence in the film has yet to be announced.
An indicates an appearance through archival footage or stills.
A indicates a cameo role.
A indicates a infant version of the character.
A indicates a toddler version of the character.
A indicates an uncredited role.
A indicates a voice-only role.
A indicates a younger version of the character.
Production
Development
First-time director Oren Peli had been afraid of ghosts his whole life, even fearing the comedy film Ghostbusters, but intended to channel that fear into something positive and productive. Peli took a year to prepare his own house for shooting, going so far as to repaint the walls, add furniture, put in a carpet, and build a stairwell. In this time, he also did extensive research into paranormal phenomena and demonology stating, "We wanted to be as truthful as we could be." The decision to make the supernatural entity in the story a demon was a result of the research pointing to the most malevolent and violent entities being "demons."
The phenomena in the film take place largely at night—the vulnerability of being asleep, Peli reasoned, taps into a human being's most primal fear, stating, "If something is lurking in your home there's not much you can do about it."
Attempting to focus on believability rather than action and gore, Peli chose to shoot the picture with a home video camera. In deciding on a more raw and stationary format (the camera was almost always sitting on a tripod or something else) and eliminating the need for a camera crew, a "higher degree of plausibility" was created for the audience and they were "more invested in the story and the characters". Peli says that the dialogue was "natural" because there was no real script. Instead, the actors were given outlines of the story and situations to improvise, a technique known as "retroscripting" used in the making of The Blair Witch Project.
In casting the movie, Peli auditioned "a few hundred people" before finally meeting Katie Featherston and Micah Sloat. He originally auditioned them individually and later called them back to audition together. Peli was impressed with the chemistry between the actors, saying, "If you saw the footage, you would've thought they had known each other for years." During a guest appearance on The Jay Leno Show on November 3, 2009, Sloat and Featherston explained they each saw the casting call on LACasting. Featherston noted they were originally paid $500 for their work.
The film was shot out of sequence due to Peli's self-imposed seven-day shooting schedule, though Peli would have preferred the story unfold for the actors as he had envisioned it. Sloat, who controlled the camera for a good deal of the film, was a former cameraman at his university's TV station. "It was a very intense week", Peli recalled, stating that the film would be shot day and night, edited at the same time, and would have the visual effects applied to it as the acting footage was being finalized.
Paramount and DreamWorks hired screenwriter Michael R. Perry to create Paranormal Activity 2. Oren Peli, the director of the first film, served as a producer for this prequel. Kevin Greutert, director of Saw VI, was initially hired to direct the prequel; however, Lions Gate Entertainment exercised a clause in Greutert's contract to have him direct the final film in the Saw film series. Both of the actors from the first film, Katie Featherston and Micah Sloat, reprise their roles in the prequel. Tod Williams directed Paranormal Activity 2, which started production in May 2010 and was released in October the same year.
Paranormal Activity 3 and 4 were directed by Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman, documentary filmmakers who were well-known for their feature debut Catfish. Production on the third entry began in June, 2011, with a release October 21 of the same year. Filming for the fourth film commenced in June, 2012, with a release of October 19.
A Latin American-themed fifth film, Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones was released on January 3, 2014. Oren Peli, the creator of the franchise, returned to produce the film, while Christopher Landon, a screenwriter who had worked on the prior three entries in the series, served as the writer and director.
The sixth film in the series, Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension, was announced to be released on October 25, 2013. However, in August 2013, the release date was pushed back to October 24, 2014.
On September 17, 2014, the film's title was finalized and the release date was set on March 27, 2015, later changed to October 23, 2015.
In September 2013, it was confirmed that Gregory Plotkin, a film editor who had edited every release in the series since Paranormal Activity 2, would make his directorial debut with the sixth film. Oren Peli, the creator of the franchise, and Jason Blum would return to produce the sixth film. In late September 2013, Paramount hired Almanac writers Jason Pagan and Andrew Stark to write the screenplay. Though series writer Christopher Landon said that several sequels would follow The Ghost Dimension to wrap up the story, producer Jason Blum later confirmed that the film would indeed be the last in the series.
He said: "It’s coming to an end. This is it, the finale. We’re saying it before the movie opens. We’re not going to grind this horror franchise into the ground. This will keep Paranormal Activity as part of this culture and this particular time in a really fantastic way… All the questions that everyone has asked from the past Paranormal Activity films: What does Tob- look like? What’s the backstory to the families? These questions have been teased out. Now they will be answered."
A seventh film was released on October 29, 2021.
Reception
Box office performance
Critical and public response
Other media
Digital comic
In December 2009, a short digital comic entitled Paranormal Activity: The Search for Katie was released for the iPhone. It was written by Scott Lobdell and features art from Mark Badger.
Video games
A augmented reality game called Paranormal Activity: Sanctuary developed by Ogmento, was released in 2011. This mobile game was the first location-based augmented reality game ever produced, and combined vision-based AR with user-generated content and geo-social elements.
A video game called Paranormal Activity: The Lost Soul was released on August 15, 2017 for Microsoft Windows and PS4. The game was engineered for VR and made use of the PlayStation VR for the PlayStation as well as Oculus Rift and HTC Vive for Windows, but VR was not required for play.
The game was nominated for "Best Sound Design for an Indie Game" at the 16th Annual Game Audio Network Guild Awards.
Documentary
A documentary about the making of the films called Unknown Dimension: The Story of Paranormal Activity, was released on October 29, 2021.
See also
Related film
A non-canon Japanese language Paranormal Activity sequel was released in 2010. It follows Haruka Yamano, who was in a car accident that broke her legs. She stayed home with her brother while their father was away as strange activity started happening in the house. It is later revealed that Haruka killed the possessed Katie in the car accident, causing the demon to transfer to her.
Notes
References
External links
(Archived)
Film series introduced in 2007
Horror film series
Paramount Pictures franchises | {'title': 'Paranormal Activity (film series)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranormal%20Activity%20%28film%20series%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Subsets and Splits