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René-Joseph de Tournemine (26 April 1661, Rennes – 16 May 1739) was a French Jesuit theologian and philosopher. He founded the Mémoires de Trévoux, the Jesuit learned journal published from 1701 to 1767, and assailed Nicolas Malebranche with the charges of atheism and Spinozism. His Réflexions sur l'athéisme originated as a preface to the Traité de l'existence de Dieu (1713) by Fénelon, and was an effective direct attack on Spinoza; it argued that 'Spinozism' wasn't practically tenable. A debate with Leibniz on the mind-body problem was prominent in the period. Tournemine taught the young Voltaire, and became his friend. In correspondence from 1735, however, Voltaire was critical of the Jesuit reception of Newton and Locke. Notes 1661 births 1739 deaths Clergy from Rennes 17th-century French Jesuits 18th-century French Catholic theologians 18th-century French Jesuits French philosophers French male non-fiction writers French librarians 18th-century French male writers Lycée Louis-le-Grand teachers Writers from Rennes
{'title': 'René-Joseph de Tournemine', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Joseph%20de%20Tournemine', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Romania Marius Baciu – Lille – 2002–04 Florin Bratu – Nantes, Valenciennes – 2004–05, 2006–07 Aurelian Chițu – Valenciennes – 2013–2014 Francisc Dican – Gueugnon – 1995–96 Alex Dobre – Dijon – 2020–21 Iosif Fabian – CO Roubaix-Tourcoing – 1951–52 Abraham Gorenstein – Sète – 1950–51 Dragoș Grigore – Toulouse – 2014–15 Rareș Ilie – Nice – 2022– Alfred Kaucsar – Montpellier, Sochaux, Lyon – 1934–35, 1938–39, 1945–46 Claudiu Keșerü – Nantes, SC Bastia – 2004–07, 2008–09, 2013–14 Nicolae Kovács – Valenciennes – 1935–36 Gheorghe Mihali – Guingamp – 1995–98 Viorel Moldovan – Nantes – 2000–04 Vlad Munteanu – Auxerre – 2007–08 Adrian Mutu – Ajaccio – 2012–13 Bănel Nicoliță – Saint-Étienne, Nantes – 2011–14 Daniel Niculae – Auxerre, Monaco, Nancy – 2006–12 Dan Nistor – Evian Thonon Gaillard F.C. – 2013–15 Corneliu Papură – Rennes – 1996–98 Ion Pârcălab – Nîmes Olympique – 1970–73 Ștefan Popescu – Ajaccio – 2013–14 Ionuț Radu – Auxerre – 2022– Sergiu Radu – Le Mans – 2003–04 Florin Răducioiu – AS Monaco – 2000–02 Mihai Roman – Toulouse – 2013–16 Dincă Schileru – Valenciennes – 1937–38 Alexandru Schwartz – Hyères, Cannes, Strasbourg – 1932–33, 1934–38 Augustin Semler – Montpellier – 1932–33 Gabriel Tamaș – Auxerre – 2007–08 Ciprian Tătărușanu – Nantes, Lyon – 2017–20 Florea Voinea – Nîmes Olympique – 1970–72 Rudolf Wetzer – Hyères – 1932–33 Samir Zamfir – Martigues – 1995–96 Russia Dimitri Ananko – Ajaccio – 2002–03 Georgy Bykadorov – Montpellier – 1949–50 Igor Dobrovolski – Marseille – 1992–93 Aleksandr Golovin – AS Monaco – 2018– Vagiz Khidiyatullin – Toulouse FC – 1988–90 Aleksandr Mostovoi – Caen, Strasbourg – 1993–96 Aleksandr Panov – Saint-Étienne – 2000–01 Ruslan Pimenov – Metz – 2004–06 Sacha Rytchkov – Lens – 1996–97 Sergei Semak – Paris SG – 2004–05 Alexey Smertin – Bordeaux – 2000–03 Dmitri Sychev – Marseille – 2002–04 Igor Yanovskiy – Paris SG – 1998–2001 References and notes Books Club pages AJ Auxerre former players AJ Auxerre former players Girondins de Bordeaux former players Girondins de Bordeaux former players Les ex-Tangos (joueurs), Stade Lavallois former players Olympique Lyonnais former players Olympique de Marseille former players FC Metz former players AS Monaco FC former players Ils ont porté les couleurs de la Paillade... Montpellier HSC Former players AS Nancy former players FC Nantes former players Paris SG former players Red Star Former players Red Star former players Stade de Reims former players Stade Rennais former players CO Roubaix-Tourcoing former players AS Saint-Étienne former players Sporting Toulon Var former players Others stat2foot footballenfrance French Clubs' Players in European Cups 1955-1995, RSSSF Finnish players abroad, RSSSF Italian players abroad, RSSSF Romanians who played in foreign championships Swiss players in France, RSSSF EURO 2008 CONNECTIONS: FRANCE, Stephen Byrne Bristol Rovers official site Notes France Association football player non-biographical articles
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WHLK (106.5 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Cleveland, Ohio, known as "106.5 The Lake" and carrying an adult hits format. Owned by iHeartMedia, the station serves Greater Cleveland and much of surrounding Northeast Ohio. WHLK's studios are located at the Six Six Eight Building in downtown Cleveland's Gateway District while the station transmitter is in nearby Parma. Along with a standard analog transmission, WHLK broadcasts over three HD Radio channels and is available online via iHeartRadio. History The station was originally supposed to be the home of WJMO-FM before a studio/call letter/format swap took place between the owners of WJMO and WSRS (now WERE) in 1958, putting the license in the hands of Tuschman Broadcasting Company. On May 4, 1960, the new station first signed on as WABQ-FM. By May 1961, the station changed its callsign to WXEN. The new callsign stood for XENophon Zapis, a station show producer who later helped to establish WZAK as that station's owner. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, WXEN and WZAK both featured mostly nationality programming, that is, one or two hour programs devoted to music and programming for different nationalities, such as Polish, Slovenian or Hungarian, with program hosts speaking in the native language. It used the slogan "The Station of the Nations." Tuschman Broadcasting Company sold both WXEN and WABQ to Booth Broadcasting of Detroit in 1964. Booth American installed a rock format on March 13, 1977 with the branding "ZIP 106", changing the call letters to WZZP on March 21, 1977. Lite Rock 106½ The station changed to WLTF on March 5, 1984, and aired an Adult contemporary format as "Lite Rock 106½". Its "Lovelite" jingles were created for the station by Jim Brickman in 1987. WLTF was Cleveland's number one radio station through the late 1980s and early 1990s, with its morning program hosted by "Trapper Jack" Elliott also rated number one. Billboard magazine named WLTF the "Adult Contemporary Station of the Year" in 1991. Soon other stations such as WQAL and WDOK started competing head-to-head with similar formats and gaining market share. Mix 106.5 Booth Broadcasting merged with Broadcast Alchemy and the merged company became Secret Communications in 1994, ultimately selling off both WLTF and WTAM to Jacor Communications in July 1997. Shortly afterwards, the station flipped its format to hot AC, branding itself as "Mix 106.5". The station changed its callsign to WMVX on October 17, 1997. Jacor would be absorbed by iHeartMedia (as Clear Channel Communications) in 1999. As WMVX, the station aired both the 80s and 90s versions of Backtrax USA with Kid Kelly. From 2004 to 2009, WMVX also carried American Top 20 with Casey Kasem until the show ended production. From 2009 to 2010, it aired the weekday Valentine in the Morning show, based from KBIG in Los Angeles. WMVX was also the home to The Brian and Joe Radio Show, a popular local program, from September 1998 until April 2009; their dismissal was part of Clear Channel's nationwide budget and salary cuts. 106.5 The Lake On November 12, 2010, WMVX flipped to an all Christmas music format, which lasted until Christmas Day. WMVX went back to its Hot AC format until 10 a.m. the following Wednesday (December 29), at which point it began to stunt by playing a wide variety of music from various genres. The station's website contained a countdown to the time that a new format would take effect, which was on the morning of January 3, 2011. Leading up to the change, an hour of songs with "New" in the title were played, such as Honeymoon Suite's "New Girl Now", The Shins's "New Slang", INXS's "New Sensation", the theme to The Newlywed Game, and Dead or Alive's "Brand New Lover". At 7:30 a.m. on January 3, 2011, the station changed its branding to "106.5 The Lake", and its format to adult hits. The first song played in the new format was Ian Hunter's "Cleveland Rocks". On January 17, 2011, the station adopted the callsign WHLK to reflect its new branding ("THe LaKe"). Current programming WHLK does not feature any on air talent. The HD2 digital subchannel airs "Pride Radio" and HD3 digital subchannel airs Pride Radio Flashback - both feature dance and pop music for the LGBTQ community. References External links 1960 establishments in Ohio Adult hits radio stations in the United States IHeartMedia radio stations Radio stations established in 1960 HLK
{'title': 'WHLK', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHLK', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Warsaw Lyceum (; ) was a secondary school that existed in Warsaw, under the Kingdom of Prussia and under the Kingdom of Poland, from 1804 to its closing in 1831 by Imperial Russia following the Polish November 1830 Uprising. History The Warsaw Lyceum was founded in 1804 by the Kingdom of Prussia as a German language school in Warsaw, which had become part of New East Prussia following the 1795 Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793), Prussia had acquired South Prussia, and had established a branch of its Cadet Corps schools in Kalisch. In 1804, in Warsaw, a humanistic secondary school for boys was opened, divided according to the Prussian educational model into six classes, plus two preparatory ones. In German, it taught Latin, Greek, German and French, philosophy, ethics, mathematics and natural sciences, and (in Polish) the Polish language. Samuel Linde was appointed director of the Warsaw Lyceum. The Evangelical-Augsburg Lutheran from Thorn in Royal Prussia had studied theology and philology at the University of Leipzig and had taught the Polish language there. From 1795 he had been librarian to Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński, and had gathered material for his future Słownik języka polskiego (Dictionary of the Polish Language), a six-volume monolingual dictionary which he published in Warsaw in 1807–14. Linde faced difficulties in organizing the school, and with Prussian authorities who insisted on German as the language of instruction. Following Napoleon's victory over Prussia, in 1807 Warsaw became the capital of the Duchy of Warsaw. With Linde continuing as the Lyceum's director, the school was now modeled after the French system, while Polish replaced German as the primary language of instruction at the Liceum Warszawskie (Warsaw Lyceum). The school was initially located in the leased north wing of the Saxon Palace, named after and owned by the German House of Wettin. Two Wettin Electors of Saxony had been kings of Poland between 1697 and 1763, and a third Saxon ruled the Duchy of Warsaw from 1807 until Napoleon's defeat in 1814. One of the teachers of French language was, from October 1810, Nicolas Chopin, father of Frédéric Chopin. The young composer was one of the Lyceum's most famous pupils, beginning his studies there in the autumn of 1823. Samuel Linde remained the Lyceum's director when the city, in 1815, came under Russian control as part of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned for military use, and the Lyceum was moved to the Kazimierz Palace. The latter had, until 1795, hosted the Warsaw Corps of Cadets, and in 1816 had been made the home of the newly established University of Warsaw. (The Kazimierz Palace currently houses the Warsaw University rectorate.) When the November 1830 Uprising was suppressed in 1831, the Russian Empire regained control of Warsaw, and the Warsaw Lyceum was closed. Alumni Frédéric Chopin Julian Fontana Kajetan Garbiński Stefan Garczyński Oskar Kolberg Stanisław Egbert Koźmian Aleksander Albert Krajewski Zygmunt Krasiński Leopold Kronenberg Juliusz Konstanty Ordon Kazimierz Woyda Notes References Stanisław Szenic, Ongiś, Warsaw, 1975. Stanisław Szenic, Cmentarz Powązkowski 1851-1890, Warsaw, 1982. Eugeniusz Szulc, Cmentarz ewangelicko-augsburski w Warszawie, Warsaw, 1989. Jadwiga and Eugeniusz Szulc, Cmentarz ewangelicko-reformowany w Warszawie, Warsaw, 1989. Education in Warsaw Schools in Poland Educational institutions established in 1803 Educational institutions disestablished in 1831 History of Warsaw
{'title': 'Warsaw Lyceum', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw%20Lyceum', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Riga Football Club, commonly referred to as Riga FC, is a Latvian football club, founded in 2014. The club is based at the Skonto Stadium in Riga. Since 2016 the club has been playing in the Virslīga. History The club was officially registered in April 2014. The team was established before the 2015 season after a merger of two Riga based teams – FC Caramba and Dinamo Rīga. In the 2015 season the team played in the Latvian First League under the name of FC Caramba/Dinamo, since Caramba had won promotion to the 1. līga after winning the Latvian Second League in 2014. After winning the First League and promotion to the Higher League, the club changed its name to Riga FC. In 2018 was appointed as coach the Ukrainian Viktor Skrypnyk, where he managed to lead to win two Latvian Higher Leagues in 2018, 2019 and the Latvian Football Cup in 2018. Domestic European Notes 1QR: First qualifying round 2QR: Second qualifying round 3QR: Third qualifying round PO: Play-off round Honours Latvian Higher League Champions: 2018, 2019, 2020 Runners-up: 2022 Latvian Cup Winners: 2018 Runners-up: 2016–17, 2017 Latvian First League Champions: 2015 Kits Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors Players Current squad Out on loan Captains Current staff As of 10 January 2023 Current board As of 13 March 2021 Notable players Latvia Kristaps Blanks Boriss Bogdaškins Antonijs Černomordijs Vladislavs Fjodorovs Vladislavs Gabovs Kaspars Gorkšs Vadims Gospodars Vladimirs Kamešs Artūrs Karašausks Andrejs Kovaļovs Sergejs Kožans Antons Kurakins Oļegs Laizāns Ivans Lukjanovs Germans Māliņš Roberts Ozols Andrejs Perepļotkins Armands Pētersons Ēriks Punculs Deniss Rakels Deniss Romanovs Ritvars Rugins Roberts Savaļnieks Vitālijs Smirnovs Elvis Stuglis Valērijs Šabala Oļegs Timofejevs Daniils Turkovs Maksims Uvarenko Aleksejs Višņakovs Artūrs Zjuzins Europe Herdi Prenga Edgar Babayan Adnan Šećerović Ivan Brkić Ivan Paurević Tomislav Šarić Jakub Hora Bogdan Vaštšuk Mikael Soisalo Davit Skhirtladze Giorgos Valerianos Thanos Petsos Kévin Bérigaud Joël Bopesu Jean-Baptiste Léo Axel Óskar Andrésson Stefan Ljubicic Besar Halimi Egzon Belica Stefan Milošević Milan Vušurović Abdisalam Ibrahim Kamil Biliński Pedrinho Talocha Khyzyr Appayev Vitaliy Fedotov Vladislav Khatazhyonkov Denis Kniga Ivan Knyazev Stanislav Krapukhin Ivan Sergeyev Sergei Shumeyko Danila Yanov Ivan Yenin Dušan Brković Marko Đurišić Darko Lemajić Mario Maslać Stefan Panić Nedeljko Piščević Miloš Vranjanin Rene Mihelič Volodymyr Bayenko Roman Debelko Oleksandr Filippov Vladlen Yurchenko Valeriy Fedorchuk Bohdan Kovalenko Ihor Lytovka Myroslav Slavov Vyacheslav Sharpar Yuriy Vakulko Serhiy Zahynaylov Pavlo Fedosov Africa Aristide Bancé Gaël Etock Kule Mbombo Ngonda Muzinga Jordan Nkololo David Addy Karim Loukili George Davies John Kamara Asia Yōsuke Saitō Minori Sato South America Federico Bravo Felipe Brisola Dário Stênio Júnior Wesley Natã Thiago Primão Gabriel Ramos Roger Lipe Veloso Brayan Angulo Juan Camilo Saiz Former managers Player records Top goalscorers Bold signifies a current Riga FC player Most appearances Bold signifies a current Riga FC player References Notes External links Latvian Higher League website Football clubs in Riga 2014 establishments in Latvia
{'title': 'Riga FC', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riga%20FC', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Lord John Roxton (a fictional title derived from the English parish of Roxton, Bedfordshire) is a supporting character in the Professor Challenger series of stories by Arthur Conan Doyle. He makes his initial appearance in the first entry of this series, The Lost World (1912), wherein he is a member of the expedition to the titular land, and is a prominent character in some of the subsequent stories as well, specifically The Poison Belt and The Land of Mist. Description The narrator of The Lost World, Edward D. Malone, describes him as being tall and thin, with peculiarly rounded shoulders, "dark gingery hair," skin which is "a rich flower-pot red from sun and wind" and cool, masterful blue eyes. Malone compares him to Don Quixote and Napoleon III as well as to the quintessential English sporting gentleman. Roxton greets the prospect of visiting the Lost World with delight, largely because of the prospect of bringing home a dinosaur as a hunting trophy: Roxton has travelled the world, as a hunter in addition to his pursuits as an explorer in the main bodies of the novels. Being an enemy of slavery, he made enemies in Brazil in his campaign against that institution, a fact which comes into play over the course of the plot of The Lost World. The titular "lost world" is located on a remote South American plateau, accessed by using a felled tree as a bridge across a vast sheer drop. When Lord John Roxton and the other members of his expedition use this makeshift bridge to enter the Lost World, Roxton is the only one who takes the easier but more dangerous option of walking across it; all the others sit astride the tree trunk and inch their way across. The character was based on Conan Doyle's friend, the British Consul and Irish nationalist Roger Casement. Other appearances John Roxton is also the name of a character used by Michael Crichton in his 1995 novel The Lost World. Roxton is mentioned on page 19 as an "enthusiastic fund-raiser" looking for fossils in Mongolia. Roxton features in Philip Jose Farmer's fictional biography of Tarzan, Tarzan Alive, where it is claimed that he is a descendant of Lord Byron. Roxton is a supporting character in the novelette The Found World in the collection Miss Wildthyme and Friends Investigate by Jim Smith. Roxton appears briefly as a supporting character in the Doctor Who New Adventures novel All-Consuming Fire by Andy Lane a Ser Jon Roxton, aka Bold Jon Roxton, (also spelled John) appears in George R. R. Martin's The Princess and the Queen, Fire & Blood (novel) and The Rise of the Dragon as a knight and the head of House Roxton during the civil war known as the Dance of the Dragons. Actor portrayals The following actors have portrayed Roxton in adaptations of The Lost World: Lewis Stone in the 1925 silent film, in which Roxton was a knight instead of a lord. Michael Rennie in the 1960 film. John de Lancie in the 1997 radio-style drama of released by Alien Voices. David Nerman in the 1998 film. William Snow in the 1999 television series. Tom Ward in the 2001 BBC miniseries. Rhett Giles in the 2005 loose adaptation King of the Lost World. References External links Professor Challenger characters Fictional explorers Fictional hunters Dinosaur hunting Fictional lords and ladies
{'title': 'Lord John Roxton', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20John%20Roxton', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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ISO 3166-2:BG is the entry for Bulgaria in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Bulgaria, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 28 districts. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Bulgaria. The second part is two digits (01–28). The codes are assigned in Bulgarian alphabetical order. Current codes Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA). Click on the button in the header to sort each column. Notes Changes The following changes to the entry have been announced by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998. ISO stopped issuing newsletters in 2013. Codes before Newsletter I-2 See also Subdivisions of Bulgaria FIPS region codes of Bulgaria NUTS codes of Bulgaria External links ISO Online Browsing Platform: BG Regions of Bulgaria, Statoids.com 2:BG ISO 3166-2 Bulgaria geography-related lists
{'title': 'ISO 3166-2:BG', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%203166-2%3ABG', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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William Charles Earnshaw is Professor of Chromosome Dynamics at the University of Edinburgh where he has been a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow since 1996. Education Earnshaw was educated at Lenox School for Boys, Colby College and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where he was awarded a PhD in 1977 for research on Enterobacteria phage P22 supervised by Jonathan King. Career and research Earnshaw completed postdoctoral research at the University of Cambridge with Aaron Klug and Ron Laskey and at the University of Geneva with Ulrich Laemmli. Following this, he moved to the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, working in Tom Pollard's department of cell biology for 13 years. His former doctoral students include Jan Bergmann, Anca Petruti-Mot, Susana Ribeiro, Laura Wood, Zhenjie Xu, and Nikolaj Zuleger. Awards and honours Earnshaw was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2013. His certificate of election reads: Earnshaw is also an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE), the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) and a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). References Living people Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellows Fellows of the Royal Society Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom) Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization Year of birth missing (living people)
{'title': 'Bill Earnshaw', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Earnshaw', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Shapiro reaction or tosylhydrazone decomposition is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an alkene through an intermediate hydrazone in the presence of 2 equivalents of organolithium reagent. The reaction was discovered by Robert H. Shapiro in 1967. The Shapiro reaction was used in the Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis. This reaction is very similar to the Bamford–Stevens reaction, which also involves the basic decomposition of tosyl hydrazones. Reaction mechanism In a prelude to the actual Shapiro reaction, a ketone or an aldehyde (1) is reacted with p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide(2) to form a p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone (or tosylhydrazone) which is a hydrazone (3). Two equivalents of strong base such as n-butyllithium abstract the proton from the hydrazone (4) followed by the less acidic proton α to the hydrazone carbon (5), forming a carbanion. The carbanion then undergoes an elimination reaction producing a carbon–carbon double bond and ejecting the tosyl anion, forming a diazonium anion (6). This diazonium anion is then lost as molecular nitrogen resulting in a vinyllithium species (7), which can then be reacted with various electrophiles, including simple neutralization with water or an acid (8). Scope The position of the alkene in the product is controlled by the site of deprotonation by the organolithium base. In general, the kinetically favored, less substituted site of differentially substituted tosylhydrazones is deprotonated selectively, leading to the less substituted vinyllithium intermediate. Although many secondary reactions exist for the vinyllithium functional group, in the Shapiro reaction in particular water is added, resulting in protonation to the alkene. Other reactions of vinyllithium compounds include alkylation reactions with for instance alkyl halides. Importantly, the Shapiro reaction cannot be used to synthesize 1-lithioalkenes (and the resulting functionalized derivatives), as sulfonylhydrazones derived from aldehydes undergo exclusive addition of the organolithium base to the carbon of the C–N double bond. Catalytic Shapiro reaction Traditional Shapiro reactions require stoichiometric (sometimes excess) amounts of base to generate the alkenyllithium reagents. To combat this problem, Yamamoto and coworkers developed an efficient stereoselective and regioselective route to alkenes using a combination of ketone phenylaziridinylhydrazones as arenesulfonylhydrazone equivalents with a catalytic amount of lithium amides. The required phenylaziridinylhydrazone was prepared from the condensation of undecan-6-one with 1-amino-2-phenylaziridine. Treatment of the phenylaziridinylhydrazone with 0.3 equivalents of LDA in ether resulted in the alkene shown below with a cis:trans ratio of 99.4:0.6. The ratio was determined by capillary GLC analysis after conversion to the corresponding epoxides with mCPBA. The catalyst loading can be reduced to 0.05 equivalents in the case of a 30mmol scale reaction. The high stereoselectivity is obtained by the preferential abstraction of the α-methylene hydrogen syn to the phenylaziridine, and is also accounted for by the internal chelation of the lithiated intermediated. A one pot in situ combined Shapiro-Suzuki reaction The Shapiro reaction can also be combined with the Suzuki reaction to produce a variety of olefin products. Keay and coworkers have developed methodology that combines these reactions in a one pot process that does not require the isolation of the boronic acid, a setback of the traditional Suzuki coupling. This reaction has a wide scope, tolerating a slew of trisylhydrazones and aryl halides, as well as several solvents and Pd sources. An application of the Shapiro reaction in total synthesis The Shapiro reaction has been used to generate olefins towards to complex natural products. K. Mori and coworkers wanted to determine the absolute configuration of the phytocassane group of a class of natural products called phytoalexins. This was accomplished by preparing the naturally occurring (–)-phytocassane D from (R)-Wieland-Miescher ketone. On the way to (–)-phytocassane D, a tricyclic ketone was subjected to Shapiro reaction conditions to yield the cyclic alkene product. See also Hydrazone iodination Wolff–Kishner reduction References Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions Olefination reactions Organic redox reactions Name reactions
{'title': 'Shapiro reaction', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapiro%20reaction', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Newton's cradle is a device that demonstrates the conservation of momentum and the conservation of energy with swinging spheres. When one sphere at the end is lifted and released, it strikes the stationary spheres, transmitting a force through the stationary spheres that pushes the last sphere upward. The last sphere swings back and strikes the nearly stationary spheres, repeating the effect in the opposite direction. The device is named after 17th-century English scientist Sir Isaac Newton and designed by French scientist Edme Mariotte. It is also known as Newton's pendulum, Newton's balls, Newton's rocker or executive ball clicker (since the device makes a click each time the balls collide, which they do repeatedly in a steady rhythm). Operation When one of the end balls ("the first") is pulled sideways, the attached string makes it follow an upward arc. When it is let go, it strikes the second ball and comes to nearly a dead stop. The ball on the opposite side acquires most of the velocity of the first ball and swings in an arc almost as high as the release height of the first ball. This shows that the last ball receives most of the energy and momentum of the first ball. The impact produces a compression wave that propagates through the intermediate balls. Any efficiently elastic material such as steel does this, as long as the kinetic energy is temporarily stored as potential energy in the compression of the material rather than being lost as heat. There are slight movements in all the balls after the initial strike but the last ball receives most of the initial energy from the impact of the first ball. When two (or three) balls are dropped, the two (or three) balls on the opposite side swing out. Some say that this behavior demonstrates the conservation of momentum and kinetic energy in elastic collisions. However, if the colliding balls behave as described above with the same mass possessing the same velocity before and after the collisions, then any function of mass and velocity is conserved in such an event. Physics explanation Newton's cradle can be modeled fairly accurately with simple mathematical equations with the assumption that the balls always collide in pairs. If one ball strikes four stationary balls that are already touching, these simple equations can not explain the resulting movements in all five balls, which are not due to friction losses. For example, in a real Newton's cradle the fourth has some movement and the first ball has a slight reverse movement. All the animations in this article show idealized action (simple solution) that only occurs if the balls are not touching initially and only collide in pairs. Simple solution The conservation of momentum and kinetic energy can be used to find the resulting velocities for two colliding perfectly elastic objects. These two equations are used to determine the resulting velocities of the two objects. For the case of two balls constrained to a straight path by the strings in the cradle, the velocities are a single number instead of a 3D vector for 3D space, so the math requires only two equations to solve for two unknowns. When the two objects have the same mass, the solution is simple: the moving object stops relative to the stationary one and the stationary one picks up all the other's initial velocity. This assumes perfectly elastic objects, so there is no need to account for heat and sound energy losses. Steel does not compress much, but its elasticity is very efficient, so it does not cause much waste heat. The simple effect from two same-mass efficiently elastic colliding objects constrained to a straight path is the basis of the effect seen in the cradle and gives an approximate solution to all its activities. For a sequence of same-mass elastic objects constrained to a straight path, the effect continues to each successive object. For example, when two balls are dropped to strike three stationary balls in a cradle, there is an unnoticed but crucial small distance between the two dropped balls, and the action is as follows: the first moving ball that strikes the first stationary ball (the second ball striking the third ball) transfers all of its momentum to the third ball and stops. The third ball then transfers the momentum to the fourth ball and stops, and then the fourth to the fifth ball. Right behind this sequence is the second moving ball transferring its momentum to the first moving ball that just stopped, and the sequence repeats immediately and imperceptibly behind the first sequence, ejecting the fourth ball right behind the fifth ball with the same small separation that was between the two initial striking balls. If they are simply touching when they strike the third ball, precision requires the more complete solution below. Other examples of this effect The effect of the last ball ejecting with a velocity nearly equal to the first ball can be seen in sliding a coin on a table into a line of identical coins, as long as the striking coin and its twin targets are in a straight line. The effect can similarly be seen in billiard balls. The effect can also be seen when a sharp and strong pressure wave strikes a dense homogeneous material immersed in a less-dense medium. If the identical atoms, molecules, or larger-scale sub-volumes of the dense homogeneous material are at least partially elastically connected to each other by electrostatic forces, they can act as a sequence of colliding identical elastic balls. The surrounding atoms, molecules, or sub-volumes experiencing the pressure wave act to constrain each other similarly to how the string constrains the cradle's balls to a straight line. For example, lithotripsy shock waves can be sent through the skin and tissue without harm to burst kidney stones. The side of the stones opposite to the incoming pressure wave bursts, not the side receiving the initial strike. In the Indian game carrom, a striker stops after hitting a stationery playing piece, transferring all of its momentum into the piece that was hit. When the simple solution applies For the simple solution to precisely predict the action, no pair in the midst of colliding may touch the third ball, because the presence of the third ball effectively makes the struck ball appear more massive. Applying the two conservation equations to solve the final velocities of three or more balls in a single collision results in many possible solutions, so these two principles are not enough to determine resulting action. Even when there is a small initial separation, a third ball may become involved in the collision if the initial separation is not large enough. When this occurs, the complete solution method described below must be used. Small steel balls work well because they remain efficiently elastic with little heat loss under strong strikes and do not compress much (up to about 30 μm in a small Newton's cradle). The small, stiff compressions mean they occur rapidly, less than 200 microseconds, so steel balls are more likely to complete a collision before touching a nearby third ball. Softer elastic balls require a larger separation to maximize the effect from pair-wise collisions. More complete solution A cradle that best follows the simple solution needs to have an initial separation between the balls that measures at least twice the amount that any one ball compresses, but most do not. This section describes the action when the initial separation is not enough and in subsequent collisions that involve more than two balls even when there is an initial separation. This solution simplifies to the simple solution when only two balls touch during a collision. It applies to all perfectly elastic identical balls that have no energy losses due to friction and can be approximated by materials such as steel, glass, plastic, and rubber. For two balls colliding, only the two equations for conservation of momentum and energy are needed to solve the two unknown resulting velocities. For three or more simultaneously colliding elastic balls, the relative compressibilities of the colliding surfaces are the additional variables that determine the outcome. For example, five balls have four colliding points and scaling (dividing) three of them by the fourth gives the three extra variables needed to solve for all five post-collision velocities. Newtonian, Lagrangian, Hamiltonian, and stationary action are the different ways of mathematically expressing classical mechanics. They describe the same physics but must be solved by different methods. All enforce the conservation of energy and momentum. Newton's law has been used in research papers. It is applied to each ball and the sum of forces is made equal to zero. So there are five equations, one for each ball—and five unknowns, one for each velocity. If the balls are identical, the absolute compressibility of the surfaces becomes irrelevant, because it can be divided out of both sides of all five equations, producing zero. Determining the velocities for the case of one ball striking four initially-touching balls is found by modeling the balls as weights with non-traditional springs on their colliding surfaces. Most materials, like steel, that are efficiently elastic approximately follow Hooke's force law for springs, , but because the area of contact for a sphere increases as the force increases, colliding elastic balls follow Hertz's adjustment to Hooke's law, . This and Newton's law for motion () are applied to each ball, giving five simple but interdependent differential equations that are solved numerically. When the fifth ball begins accelerating, it is receiving momentum and energy from the third and fourth balls through the spring action of their compressed surfaces. For identical elastic balls of any type with initially touching balls, the action is the same for the first strike, except the time to complete a collision increases in softer materials. 40% to 50% of the kinetic energy of the initial ball from a single-ball strike is stored in the ball surfaces as potential energy for most of the collision process. Thirteen percent of the initial velocity is imparted to the fourth ball (which can be seen as a 3.3-degree movement if the fifth ball moves out 25 degrees) and there is a slight reverse velocity in the first three balls, the first ball having the largest at −7% of the initial velocity. This separates the balls, but they come back together just before as the fifth ball returns. This is due to the pendulum phenomenon of different small angle disturbances having approximately the same time to return to the center. When balls are "touching" The Hertzian differential equations predict that if two balls strike three, the fifth and fourth balls will leave with velocities of 1.14 and 0.80 times the initial velocity. This is 2.03 times more kinetic energy in the fifth ball than the fourth ball, which means the fifth ball would swing twice as high in the vertical direction as the fourth ball. But in a real Newton's cradle, the fourth ball swings out as far as the fifth ball. To explain the difference between theory and experiment, the two striking balls must have at least ≈ 10 μm separation (given steel, 100 g, and 1 m/s). This shows that in the common case of steel balls, unnoticed separations can be important and must be included in the Hertzian differential equations, or the simple solution gives a more accurate result. Effect of pressure waves The forces in the Hertzian solution above were assumed to propagate in the balls immediately, which is not the case. Sudden changes in the force between the atoms of material build up to form a pressure wave. Pressure waves (sound) in steel travel about 5  cm in 10 microseconds, which is about 10 times faster than the time between the first ball striking and the last ball being ejected. The pressure waves reflect back and forth through all five balls about ten times, although dispersing to less of a wavefront with more reflections. This is fast enough for the Hertzian solution to not require a substantial modification to adjust for the delay in force propagation through the balls. In less-rigid but still very elastic balls such as rubber, the propagation speed is slower, but the duration of collisions is longer, so the Hertzian solution still applies. The error introduced by the limited speed of the force propagation biases the Hertzian solution towards the simple solution because the collisions are not affected as much by the inertia of the balls that are further away. Identically-shaped balls help the pressure waves converge on the contact point of the last ball: at the initial strike point one pressure wave goes forward to the other balls while another goes backward to reflect off the opposite side of the first ball, and then it follows the first wave, being exactly 1 ball-diameter behind. The two waves meet up at the last contact point because the first wave reflects off the opposite side of the last ball and it meets up at the last contact point with the second wave. Then they reverberate back and forth like this about 10 times until the first ball stops connecting with the second ball. Then the reverberations reflect off the contact point between the second and third balls, but still converge at the last contact point, until the last ball is ejected—but it is less of a wavefront with each reflection. Effect of different types of balls Using different types of material does not change the action as long as the material is efficiently elastic. The size of the spheres does not change the results unless the increased weight exceeds the elastic limit of the material. If the solid balls are too large, energy is being lost as heat, because the elastic limit increases with the radius raised to the power 1.5, but the energy which had to be absorbed and released increases as the cube of the radius. Making the contact surfaces flatter can overcome this to an extent by distributing the compression to a larger amount of material but it can introduce an alignment problem. Steel is better than most materials because it allows the simple solution to apply more often in collisions after the first strike, its elastic range for storing energy remains good despite the higher energy caused by its weight, and the higher weight decreases the effect of air resistance. Uses The most common application is that of a desktop executive toy. Another use is as an educational physics demonstration, as an example of conservation of momentum and conservation of energy. History The principle demonstrated by the device, the law of impacts between bodies, was first demonstrated by the French physicist Abbé Mariotte in the 17th century. His work on the topic was first presented to the French Academy of Sciences in 1671; it was published in 1673 as Traité de la percussion ou choc des corps ("Treatise on percussion or shock of bodies"). Newton acknowledged Mariotte's work, along with Wren, Wallis and Huygens as the pioneers of experiments on the collisions of pendulum balls, in his Principia. Christiaan Huygens used pendulums to study collisions. His work, De Motu Corporum ex Percussione (On the Motion of Bodies by Collision) published posthumously in 1703, contains a version of Newton's first law and discusses the collision of suspended bodies including two bodies of equal mass with the motion of the moving body being transferred to the one at rest. There is much confusion over the origins of the modern Newton's cradle. Marius J. Morin has been credited as being the first to name and make this popular executive toy. However, in early 1967, an English actor, Simon Prebble, coined the name "Newton's cradle" (now used generically) for the wooden version manufactured by his company, Scientific Demonstrations Ltd. After some initial resistance from retailers, they were first sold by Harrods of London, thus creating the start of an enduring market for executive toys. Later a very successful chrome design for the Carnaby Street store Gear was created by the sculptor and future film director Richard Loncraine. The largest cradle device in the world was designed by MythBusters and consisted of five one-ton concrete and steel rebar-filled buoys suspended from a steel truss. The buoys also had a steel plate inserted in between their two-halves to act as a "contact point" for transferring the energy; this cradle device did not function well because concrete is not elastic so most of the energy was lost to a heat buildup in the concrete. A smaller-scale version constructed by them consists of five chrome steel ball bearings, each weighing , and is nearly as efficient as a desktop model. The cradle device with the largest-diameter collision balls on public display was visible for more than a year in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at the retail store American Science and Surplus (see photo). Each ball was an inflatable exercise ball in diameter (encased in steel rings), and was supported from the ceiling using extremely strong magnets. It was dismantled in early August 2010 due to maintenance concerns. In popular culture Newton's cradle has been used more than 20 times in movies, often as a trope on the desk of a lead villain such as Paul Newman's role in The Hudsucker Proxy, Magneto in X-Men, and the Kryptonians in Superman II. It was used to represent the unyielding position of the NFL towards head injuries in Concussion. It has also been used as a relaxing diversion on the desk of lead intelligent/anxious/sensitive characters such as Henry Winkler's role in Night Shift, Dustin Hoffman's role in Straw Dogs, and Gwyneth Paltrow's role in Iron Man 2. It was featured more prominently as a series of clay pots in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, and as a row of 1968 Eero Aarnio bubble chairs with scantily-clad women in them in Gamer. In Storks, Hunter the CEO of Cornerstore has one not with balls, but with little birds. Newton's Cradle is an item in Nintendo's Animal Crossing where it is referred to as "executive toy". In 2017, an episode of the Omnibus podcast, featuring Jeopardy! champion Ken Jennings and musician John Roderick, focused on the history of Newton's Cradle. Newton's cradle is also featured on the desk of Deputy White House Communications Director Sam Seaborn in The West Wing. In the Futurama episode The Day the Earth Stood Stupid (episode 7 of season 3), professor Hubert Farnsworth is shown with his head in a Newton's cradle, and saying he's a genius as Philip J. Fry walks by. Rock band Jefferson Airplane used the cradle on the 1968 album Crown of Creation as a rhythm device to create polyrhythms on an instrumental track. See also Galilean cannon References Literature B. Brogliato: Nonsmooth Mechanics. Models, Dynamics and Control, Springer, 2nd Edition, 1999. External links Educational toys Executive toys Novelty items Metal toys Physics education Science demonstrations Science education materials Office equipment
{'title': "Newton's cradle", 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s%20cradle', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Laëtitia Madjene (born 28 August 1986) is a French kickboxer and the current WKN Lightweight champion. At an amateur level, she was the 2015 WAKO Welterweight Lowkick world champion and the WAKO Irish Open Tournament winner. Kickboxing career In 2015, Madjene participated in the 2015 WAKO World Amateur Championship. After winning by KO against Yildrim in quarter finals and Veronika Cmárová in the semi finals, she faced Kseniia Miroshichenko in the finals. Madjene won the fight by a unanimous decision. In 2017, she fought in the Kunlun Fight Mulan Tournament. She won a unanimous decision over Anissa Haddaoui in the semi finals. She would pull out of the fight due to an injury. She was replaced by Haddaoui. The fight with Wang Kehan was rebooked for Kunlun Fight 69. and was subsequently rebooked for Kunlun Fight 70 after Madjene pulled out with an injury. Kehan won the fight by a unanimous decision. During Fight Night Saint Tropez 6 Madjene fought Mallaury Kalachnikoff for the WKN Lightweight title. Madjene won a unanimous decision. Championships and accomplishments Amateur titles World Association of Kickboxing Organizations WAKO Irish Open Tournament Winner WAKO World Full Contact Welterweight Championship Professional titles World Kickboxing Network WKN World K1 Lightweight Championship Kickboxing record |- bgcolor= |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 4 Aug 2018|| Win||align=left| Mallaury Kalachnikoff || Fight Night Saint-Tropez ||  Saint-Tropez, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- |- bgcolor="#FFBBBB" | 11 Mar 2018|| Loss||align=left| Wang Kehan || Kunlun Fight 70 ||  Sanya, China || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 14 May 2017|| Win||align=left| Anissa Haddaoui || Kunlun Fight 61 || Sanya, China || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 30 Oct 2016|| Win||align=left| Candice Mitchell || Kunlun Fight 54 || Wuhan, China || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 4 June 2016|| Win||align=left| Marlene Caneva || 18e Nuit des Titans || Saint-André-les-Vergers, France || TKO || 1 || 3:00 |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 19 May 2016|| Win||align=left| Nawel Karouach || Capital Fights || Paris, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 21 Jan 2016|| Win||align=left| Laurie Catherin || MFC 3 || Seyssins, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 3 Apr 2015|| Win||align=left| Aurélie Froment || La Nuit des Défis III || Béziers, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 6 Dec 2014|| Win||align=left| M. Bellod || Full Night VIII || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (Punches) || 2 || 3:00 |- |- | colspan=9 | Legend: |- style="background:#fbb;" | 5 Mar 2017|| Loss||align=left| Julia Irmen || Irish Open, Tournament Final || Dublin, Ireland || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 4 Mar 2017|| Win||align=left| Jenna Puurunen || Irish Open, Tournament Semifinal || Dublin, Ireland || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- |- style="background:#cfc;" | 3 Mar 2017|| Win||align=left| Andrea Sigersvold || Irish Open, Tournament Quarterfinal || Dublin, Ireland || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- |- style="background:#cfc;" | 28 Nov 2015|| Win||align=left| Kseniia Miroshichenko || WAKO World Championship, Tournament Final || Dublin, Ireland || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 27 Nov 2015|| Win||align=left| Veronika Cmárová || WAKO World Championship, Tournament Semifinal || Dublin, Ireland || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- |- style="background:#cfc;" | 26 Nov 2015|| Win||align=left| D. Yildrim || WAKO World Championship, Tournament Quarterfinal || Dublin, Ireland || KO || 2 || 3:00 |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 8 May 2016|| Win||align=left| P David || French National Championship, Tournament Final || Paris, France || TKO || 2 || |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 2 May 2016|| Win||align=left| Charlotte Pelte || French National Championship, Tournament Semifinal || Paris, France || TKO (Retirement) || 2 || 3:00 |- |- style="background:#cfc;" | 8 Mar 2015|| Win||align=left| E. Vade || WAKO Irish Open, Tournament Final || Dublin, Ireland || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 7 Mar 2015|| Win||align=left| Paulina Frankowska || WAKO Irish Open, Tournament Semifinal || Dublin, Ireland || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- |- style="background:#cfc;" | 7 Mar 2015|| Win||align=left| Amanda Ginski || WAKO Irish Open, Tournament Quarterfinals || Dublin, Ireland || Decision || 3 || 3:00 |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 2 Nov 2014 || Win||align=left| Laëticia Gaydon || French National Championship, Tournament Final || Paris, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | 20 Apr 2014 || Win||align=left| Laëticia Gaydon || French National Cup, Tournament Final || Paris, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- |- style="background:#fbb;" | 5 Nov 2013 || Loss ||align=left| Sarah Surrel || French National Championship, Tournament Final || Paris, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- | colspan=9 | Legend: See also List of female kickboxers References 1986 births Living people Sportspeople from Montpellier French female kickboxers
{'title': 'Laëtitia Madjene', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%ABtitia%20Madjene', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Laura Erber (born 1979) is a Brazilian writer and visual artist. She has exhibited throughout Brazil and Europe. Erber writes poetry that is internationally recognized, along with short stories, essays, and books. She works in multiple languages. She is interested in myths and the history of Brazil. Biography Erber graduated from the State University of Rio de Janeiro in 2002 with a degree in Portuguese and Brazilian literature. She got a master's degree from Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro in 2008, followed by a Ph.D in literature in 2012. She was a Ph.D. student at the University of Copenhagen in 2010. Erber was a visiting researcher at the Danish Film Institute in Copenhagen. She founded the digital publishing non-profit Zazie Editions in 2015, along with Karl Erik Schøllhammer, focused on essays on art and criticism. Awards Nova Fronteira prize (2001), for best free adaptation of João Guimarães Rosa's work for her video "Campo Geral" São Paulo Award for Literature Nominee for Newcomers under 40 (2014), for her book Esquilos de Pavlov Exhibitions International Center of Art and Landscape at Vassivière (2005) Art Center of Le Plateau in Paris (2005) Works Books Insones (7 Letras, 2002) Körper und tage (German and Portuguese, Merz-Solitude, 2006) Celia Misteriosa (poetry, Illusion d'optique & Villa Medici, 2007), a collaboration between Erber and Federico Nicolao Os corpos e os dias ('The bodies and days', poetry, Portuguese, Editora de Cultura, 2008) Vazados & Molambos (2008) Bénédicte vê o mar ('Bénédicte sees the sea', Portuguese, Casa da Palavra, 2011) Esquilos de Pavlov ('Pavlov's Squirrels', Portuguese, Alfaguara, 2013) Bénédicte não se move ('Bénédicte does not move', 2014) A Retornada (poetry, Portuguese, 2017) Video The Glass House (1999–2008), a collaboration between Erber and Laercio Redondo Campo Geral Diário do Sertão (director, 2003) References 1979 births Living people 21st-century Brazilian women artists 21st-century Brazilian artists 21st-century Brazilian women writers 21st-century Brazilian writers Rio de Janeiro State University alumni Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro alumni University of Copenhagen alumni
{'title': 'Laura Erber', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Erber', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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USCGC Vigilant (WMEC-617) is a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter. She is the twelfth cutter to bear the name Vigilant, dating back to 1790 when the original Vigilant was built for the United States Revenue-Marine. She was commissioned on October 3, 1964, at Todd Shipyards in Houston, Texas, at a cost of 2.3 million dollars. From 1964 through 1989 Vigilant was homeported in New Bedford, Massachusetts at Coast Guard Station New Bedford. In 1989, she underwent an 18-month Major Maintenance Availability in order to modernize her capabilities. In 1990, Vigilant moved her homeport to Port Canaveral, Florida. In 2006 Vigilant completed another yard period, updating her with the most modern electronic and engineering equipment available. Kudirka incident On November 23, 1970, Simonas "Simas" Kudirka, a Soviet seaman of Lithuanian origin, leapt from the 400-foot (120 m) mother ship Sovetskaya Litva, anchored in U.S waters near Aquinnah, Massachusetts, on Martha's Vineyard, aboard Vigilant, sailing from New Bedford, Massachusetts. The Soviets accused Kudirka of theft of 3,000 rubles from the ship's safe. Ten hours passed. After attempts to get the U.S. State Department to provide guidance failed, Rear Admiral William B. Ellis, commander of the First Coast Guard District, ordered Commander Ralph E. Eustis to return Kudirka to the Soviets. Commander Eustis refused to subject his own crew to the task and instead permitted a detachment of Soviet seamen to board the Vigilant to return Kudirka to the Soviet ship. (The engineering crew had offered to hide Kudirka in the engine air intake shaft which could not be opened while the engines were running but the offer was declined.) This led to a change in asylum policy by the U.S. Coast Guard. Admiral Ellis and his chief of staff were given administrative punishment under Article 15 of the UCMJ. Commander Eustis was given a non-punitive letter of reprimand and assigned to shore duty. Subsequent investigations revealed that Kudirka could claim American citizenship through his mother and was allowed to come to the United States in 1974. A book detailing the incident, Day of Shame, by Algis Ruksenas, was published in 1973. The book helped spur further investigations into the incident that eventually led to Kudirka's release by the Soviets. It remains part of the reading curriculum in the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. The incident was portrayed in a 1978 television movie, The Defection of Simas Kudirka, with Alan Arkin playing Kudirka and Donald Pleasence playing the captain of the Soviet ship. In the movie, the USCGC Decisive (WMEC 629) played the part of the Vigilant. The incident is also portrayed in a 2020 documentary film The Jump directed by Giedrė Žickytė, with Simonas Kudirka as himself and Ralph E. Eustis as himself. Notable crew Admiral Thomas H. Collins, served as Commandant of the Coast Guard from 2002 to 2006. References External links Vigilant home page Ships of the United States Coast Guard Reliance-class cutters 1964 ships Ships built in Houston Historic American Engineering Record in Florida
{'title': 'USCGC Vigilant (WMEC-617)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USCGC%20Vigilant%20%28WMEC-617%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Seneschalstown GAA is a small rural Gaelic Athletic Association club from Beauparc/Kentstown parish in County Meath, founded in 1932. The club ground is situated about 6 miles east of Navan and 3 miles south of Slane. The club has a history in all levels of GAA football over the years and more recently with both its Senior Men and Ladies' teams. It has enjoyed much success in all competitions and has been fortunate to have many players represent the county teams with distinction. Honours Meath Senior Football Championship: 4 1972, 1994, 2007, 2009 Meath Senior Football League: 3 1972, 1992, 2002 Meath Senior Football Feis Cup: 7 1971, 1972, 1992, 1994, 2000, 2007, 2008 Meath Intermediate Football Championship: 2 1940, 1967 Meath Junior Football Championship: 1 1936 Meath Junior B Football Championship: 1 1973, 1996, 2015 Meath Junior D Football Championship: 1 2003, 2015 Meath Under-21 Football Championship: 1970, 1971, 1972, 1992, 2012 Ladies' Honours Senior Club All-Ireland Runners up : 2003 Leinster Ladies' Senior Club Football Championship : 2003 Senior Championship : 13 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Senior League : 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009 Junior : 1998 Under-21 : 1999 Notable players Colm Coyle Graham Geraghty Joe Sheridan External links https://web.archive.org/web/20101027041236/http://www.seneschalstowngaa.com/default.aspx Gaelic games clubs in County Meath
{'title': 'Seneschalstown GAA', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneschalstown%20GAA', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Amtrak Standard Stations Program was an effort by Amtrak to create a standardized station design. The railroad launched the effort in 1978 to reduce costs, speed construction, and improve its corporate image. Background When Amtrak was founded in 1971, it had no facilities beyond the station buildings and depots inherited from its constituent railroads. Many were in disrepair. Elsewhere, route realignments, ownership conflicts, or a lack of existing facilities required the construction of new station houses. Additionally, existing grand terminals in many large cities were larger than Amtrak needed and were expensive to retain. These reasons and others prompted the effort to provide those locations with more modern and appropriately sized facilities. The first new station Amtrak built was Cincinnati River Road in 1973. Other early attempts by Amtrak to create a modest "modern" station design include the 1975 Richmond Staples Mill Road station and 1977 Cleveland Lakefront station. Amtrak president Paul Reistrup expressed a desire for Amtrak stations to look familiar in each locality. Amtrak formally outlined its Standard Stations Program in its 1978 Standard Stations Program Executive Summary. The program was intended to amplify a sleek, modern image. It was also intended to foster a unified corporate identity through a consistent "look" and branding, with each standard station using not only one of several similar station building designs, but also the same interior and exterior finishes, signage, and seating. The program's manual outlined the reasoning of for such efforts. Standard designs were seen as cost-efficient, as they would eliminate design costs that would otherwise be incurred with each and every station were they uniquely designed, and would also expedite construction. This was not unprecedented. Past American railroads had sometimes built stations in similarly sized communities to a standardized size and design. Station designs The station structures were intended to be functional, flexible, and cost-efficient. With spikes in ridership during the 1970s due to oil shortages, there was a perceived potential for permanent ridership gains. Therefore, Amtrak designed the stations to be easily expanded. End walls of the stations were designed to be able to be removed in order to build additions without incurring disruptions to the functioning of the stations. Designs were mostly rectangular, and all except the largest model were one story. Walls were to be built of either textured, precast concrete panels, split concrete block or brick in what was described as a “play of bronze and tan” colors. A prominent cantilevered, flat black metal roof was to sit atop the buildings, with deep eaves to protect passengers from bad weather. Stations had floor-to-ceiling windows. Often, the top edge of the walls had a band of clerestory windows, which from a distance provided an optical illusion that the roof was floating above the station. The square footage and amenities of stations were to be determined by what their peak hour passenger count was. Five initial standard station design models were presented with varying ideal sizes and intended capacities: Type 300A The largest model was designed to accommodate 300 or more passengers at a time. This design was and was to be ideally located on a parcel. The two built examples of this design are the Miami and Midway stations. Type 150B a station for a peak count of 150-300 passengers, on a parcel Type 50C and 50S a station for a peak count of 50-150 passengers, on a parcel Type 25D a station for a peak count of 25-50 passengers, on a site Type E an unmanned station, for a peak count of less than 25 passengers, ideally situated on a parcel Additional design types used included: Type 75C, measuring by , this model was designed to accodate 75 people at a time, with seating for 48. Expandable to accommodate more passengers. The design includes a small lounge, a baggage room, an office, and restrooms. Roughly half of its interior space dedicated to its waiting room. Outcome Amtrak constructed standard stations in the 1970s and 1980s, but ultimately built relatively few of them. Strapped for funds, it instead gravitated towards either building even cheaper modular stations or seeking local funding for station development, in some cases even cooperating with private developers. Many "stations" opened in the 1980s and 1990s were very minimal, sometimes lacking any facilities besides a platform and appropriate signage or only featuring simple bus stop-style platform shelters. Many of the standard stations have been replaced with more modern intermodal facilities or by restored previous historic stations throughout the 2000s and 2010s. List of standard stations Related designs Prototype designs Catlettsburg station – opened 1975 Cleveland Lakefront Station – opened 1977 Poinciana station – opened 1974, closed 1975 Richmond Staples Mill Road station – opened 1975 Stations with similar characteristics Carbondale station – opened 1981 Detroit Baltimore Street station – opened 1994 Du Quoin station – opened 1989 Newport News station – opened 1981 Richmond, California station – constructed 1978, replaced 1997 Trenton Transit Center – rebuilt 1986, replaced 2008 See also List of Amtrak stations Amshack, derisive term occasionally applied to, among other stations, those of this sort References Amtrak stations
{'title': 'Amtrak Standard Stations Program', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amtrak%20Standard%20Stations%20Program', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Pacific Reserve Fleet, Olympia was part of the United States Navy reserve fleets in Budd Inlet in Puget Sound off North Olympia, Washington at . The Reserve Fleet was opened in 1946 to store the many surplus ships after World War II. The mothball fleet was mostly cargo ships used in the merchant marine navy. When opened is had 95 ships, mostly cargo ships, but also troop ships and oil tankers. Shore power was wired to the ships to keep them operational. Some ships there were reactivated for Korean War and Vietnam War. After the Korean War 185 ships were mothballed at the fleet. The fleet was also used to store the United States' surplus wheat in 47 ships starting in 1954. Pacific Reserve Fleet, Olympia closed in 1972, the last 29 ships in the fleet were removed, all but 4 were scrapped. A Marking near the site reads: In recognition of the Olympia National Defense reserve Fleet here in Budd Inlet from March 1946 to June 1972 lay many gallant ships. When not at rest, they and their brave crews served the commerce and security of America and her friends abroad in the Second World War and in later times of Crises. See also Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Washington State Capitol External links youtube.com, The Mothball Fleet youtube.com The USN Mothball Fleet - Storing up for a rainy day References Olympia Reserve Fleet Olympia, Washington Olympia, Washington
{'title': 'Pacific Reserve Fleet, Olympia', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20Reserve%20Fleet%2C%20Olympia', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Julian Charles John Lennon (born John Charles Julian Lennon; 8 April 1963) is an English musician, photographer, and philanthropist. He is the son of Beatles member John Lennon and his first wife, Cynthia, and he is named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon. Julian inspired three Beatles songs: "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (1967), "Hey Jude" (1968) and "Good Night" (1968). His parents divorced in 1968 after his father had an affair with Yoko Ono. Lennon started a music career in 1984 with the album Valotte, best known for its lead single "Too Late for Goodbyes", and has since released six more albums. He has held exhibitions of his fine-art photography and has had several children's books published. In 2006, Lennon produced the environmental documentary film WhaleDreamers, which won eight international awards. In 2007, he founded The White Feather Foundation (TWFF), whose stated mission goal is to address "environmental and humanitarian issues". In 2018, Lennon was executive producer of the documentary film Women of the White Buffalo, which chronicles the lives of women living on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. In 2020, Lennon was executive producer of the Netflix documentary Kiss the Ground about regenerative agriculture. Early life Julian Lennon was born John Charles Julian Lennon, on 8 April 1963 at Sefton General Hospital in Liverpool to John Lennon and Cynthia Powell. He was named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon, who died five years before his birth. The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, was his godfather. Lennon was educated at Ruthin School, a boarding private school in the town of Ruthin in Denbighshire in North Wales. Lennon inspired one of his father's most famous songs, "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", whose lyrics describe a picture the boy had drawn, a watercolour painting of his friend, Lucy O'Donnell, from nursery school, surrounded by stars. Another composition of his father inspired by him was the lullaby "Good Night", the closing song of The Beatles (also known as The White Album). In 1967, at the age of four, he attended the set of the Beatles' film Magical Mystery Tour. When Julian was five years old in 1968, his parents divorced following his father's infidelity with Japanese multimedia artist Yoko Ono. John Lennon married Ono on 20 March 1969. Julian would later have a younger half-brother, Sean Lennon. Paul McCartney wrote "Hey Jude" to console him over the divorce; originally called "Hey Jules", McCartney changed the name because he thought that "Jude" was an easier name to sing. After his parents' divorce, Julian had almost no contact with his father until the early 1970s when, at the request of his father's then-girlfriend, May Pang (Yoko Ono and Lennon had temporarily separated), he began to visit his father regularly. John Lennon bought him a Gibson Les Paul guitar and a drum machine for Christmas 1973 and encouraged his interest in music by showing him some chords. Relationship with his father Following his father's murder on 8 December 1980, Julian Lennon voiced anger and resentment towards him, saying, "I've never really wanted to know the truth about how dad was with me. There was some very negative stuff talked about me ... like when he said I'd come out of a whiskey bottle on a Saturday night. Stuff like that. You think, where's the love in that? Paul and I used to hang about quite a bit ... more than Dad and I did. We had a great friendship going and there seems to be far more pictures of me and Paul playing together at that age than there are pictures of me and my dad". Julian chafed at hearing his father's peace and love stance perpetually celebrated. He told The Daily Telegraph, "I have to say that, from my point of view, I felt he was a hypocrite." He added, "Dad could talk about peace and love out loud to the world but he could never show it to the people who supposedly meant the most to him: his wife and son. How can you talk about peace and love and have a family in bits and pieces—no communication, adultery, divorce? You can't do it, not if you're being true and honest with yourself". Recalling his renewed contact with his father in the mid-1970s, he said in 2009, "Dad and I got on a great deal better then. We had a lot of fun, laughed a lot and had a great time in general when he was with May Pang. My memories of that time with Dad and May are very clear — they were the happiest time I can remember with him". Julian was excluded from his father's will. However, a trust of £100,000 was created by his father to be shared between Julian and his half brother Sean. Julian sued his father's estate and in 1996 reached a settlement agreement, authorised by Lennon's widow Yoko Ono, reportedly worth £20 million. In an interview with CBS News in 2009, he stated, "I realized if I continued to feel that anger and bitterness towards my dad, I would have a constant cloud hanging over my head my whole life. After recording the song 'Lucy,' almost by nature, it felt right to fulfill the circle, forgive dad, put the pain, anger and bitterness in the past, and focus and appreciate the good things. Writing is therapy for me and, for the first time in my life, I'm actually feeling it and believing it. It also has allowed me to actually embrace Dad and the Beatles." Career Music career Aside from the Beatles, Lennon was influenced by David Bowie, Keith Jarrett, Steely Dan, and AC/DC. Lennon made his musical debut at age 11 on his father's album Walls and Bridges playing drums on "Ya-Ya", later saying, "Dad, had I known you were going to put it on the album, I would've played much better!" In the sleeve notes in the album the song is credited to Julian Lennon "starring on drums" with "dad on piano". Lennon enjoyed immediate success with his debut album, Valotte, released in 1984. Produced by Phil Ramone, it spawned two top 10 hits, (the title track and "Too Late for Goodbyes") and earned Lennon a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1985. Music videos for the two hits were made by film director Sam Peckinpah and producer Martin Lewis. After the album's release, Paul McCartney sent Lennon a telegram wishing him good luck. His second album, 1986's The Secret Value of Daydreaming, was panned by critics. However, it reached number 32 on the Billboard 200 chart and produced the single "Stick Around", which was Lennon's first number-one single on the US Album Rock Tracks chart. He recorded the song "Because", previously recorded by The Dave Clark Five, in the UK for Clark's 1986 musical Time. On 1 April 1987, Julian Lennon appeared as the Baker in Mike Batt's musical The Hunting of the Snark (based on Lewis Carroll's poem). The all-star lineup included Roger Daltrey, Justin Hayward and Billy Connolly, with John Hurt as the narrator. The performance, a musical benefit at London's Royal Albert Hall in aid of the deaf, was attended by the Duchess of York. In October the same year he performed with Chuck Berry. Although Lennon never achieved the same level of success in the US as he had enjoyed with Valotte, his 1989 single "Now You're in Heaven" peaked at number 5 in Australia and gave him his second number 1 hit on the Album Rock Tracks chart in the US. In 1991, George Harrison sent some ideas for Lennon's album Help Yourself, which included the single "Saltwater" although he did not play or receive any credits. The single "Saltwater" reached number 6 in the UK and topped the Australian singles charts for four weeks. During this time, Lennon contributed a cover of the Rolling Stones' "Ruby Tuesday" to the soundtrack of the television series The Wonder Years. Lennon left the music business for several years in the 1990s to focus on philanthropy after his encounter with elders from the Mirning people of Australia. After he began his performing career, there was occasionally unfounded media speculation that Lennon would undertake performances with McCartney, Harrison and Ringo Starr. In the Beatles Anthology series in 1995, the three surviving Beatles confirmed there was never an idea of having Julian sit in for his father as part of a Beatles reunion, with McCartney saying, "Why would we want to subject him to all of this?" In May 1998, Lennon released the album Photograph Smile to little commercial success. Music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine praised the album as "well-crafted and melodic", and concluded by saying that it was "the kind of music that would receive greater praise if it weren't made by the son of a Beatle". In 2002, he recorded a version of "When I'm Sixty-Four", from the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album, for an Allstate Insurance commercial. In 2006 he ventured into Internet businesses, including MyStore.com with Todd Meagher and Bebo founder Michael Birch. In 2009 Lennon created a new partnership with Meagher and Birch called theRevolution, LLC. Through this company, Lennon released a tribute song and EP, "Lucy", honouring the memory of Lucy Vodden (née O'Donnell), the little girl who inspired the song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", with 50 per cent of the proceeds going to fund Lupus research. In October 2011, Lennon released the album Everything Changes. In 2012 he worked with music film director Dick Carruthers on the feature-length video documentary Through the Picture Window, which followed Lennon's journey in the making of Everything Changes and includes interviews with Steven Tyler, Bono, Gregory Darling, Mark Spiro and Paul Buchanan from The Blue Nile. Through the Picture Window was also released as an app in all formats with bespoke videos for all 14 tracks from the album. On September 9, 2022, the comeback album Jude was released on BMG. It included the singles "Freedom" and "Every Little Moment". Goldmine wrote about the release, "With his new album, the first in 11 years, Julian advances his body of work that has always simultaneously explored personal and global themes, but for the first time in his life, he's embracing his inner status as someone's son...[an] introspective masterwork from a diversely talented artist." The title is a reference to the Beatles song "Hey Jude", which Paul McCartney wrote in 1968 to give Julian Lennon hope for the future. Lennon said about his album title, "Calling it Jude was very coming of age for me in that regard because it was very much facing up to who I am...The content came from over three decades of songwriting. The themes and issues mostly being the same, generally about the wars within and the wars without." Film Lennon's first tour as a solo musician, in early 1985, was documented as part of the film Stand By Me: A Portrait Of Julian Lennon — a film profile started by Sam Peckinpah, but completed by Martin Lewis after Peckinpah's death. Lennon has appeared in several other films including The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus (released 1996, originally filmed in 1968), Cannes Man (1996), Imagine: John Lennon (1988), Chuck Berry: Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll (1987) and a cameo in Leaving Las Vegas (1995) as a bartender. Julian provided the voice for the title role in the animated film David Copperfield (1993). He was also the voice of the main character Toby the Teapot in the animated special The Real Story of I'm a Little Teapot (1990). Lennon is also the producer of the documentary, WhaleDreamers, about an Indigenous Australian tribe and the peoples' special connection with whales. It also touches on many environmental issues. This film received several awards and was shown at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. In 2018, Lennon was an executive producer of Women of the White Buffalo, a documentary film focused on several Lakota women from Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, and their work to preserve their way of life in the face of colonialism. Photography After photographing his half-brother Sean's music tour in 2007, Lennon took up a serious interest in photography. On 17 September 2010, Lennon opened an exhibition of 35 photographs called "Timeless: The Photography of Julian Lennon" with help from long-time friend and fellow photographer Timothy White. Originally scheduled to run from 17 September to 10 October, the Morrison Hotel Gallery extended it a week to end 17 October. The photographs include shots of his brother Sean and U2 frontman Bono. Lennon's "Alone" collection was featured at the Art Basel Miami Beach Show from 6–9 December 2012, to raise money for The White Feather Foundation. Lennon's "Horizons" series was featured at the Emmanuel Fremin Gallery, NYC, 12 March 2015, to 2 May 2015. Lennon's "Cycle" exhibit was featured at the Leica Gallery in Los Angeles, in the fall of 2016. Lennon is a prolific user of the photography app Instagram. In 2021, Lennon became the first fine-arts photographer featured at the new gallery in Aston Martin Residences Miami. Books Shortly after the death of his father, Lennon began collecting Beatles memorabilia. In 2010, he published a book describing his collection, entitled: Beatles Memorabilia: The Julian Lennon Collection. In 2017, Lennon began a New York Times Bestselling trilogy, Touch the Earth, Heal the Earth and Love the Earth, which he completed in 2019. On 9 November 2021, Lennon published a graphic novel for middle-grade children, The Morning Tribe, with co-author Bart Davis. Philanthropy A conversation Lennon once had with his father went as follows: "Dad once said to me that should he pass away, if there was some way of letting me know he was going to be OK – that we were all going to be OK – the message would come to me in the form of a white feather. ... the white feather has always represented peace to me". Then Julian, while on a tour in Australia, received a white feather from two Indigenous elders of the Mirning tribe in Adelaide, Australia, asking for him to help give them a voice. In response, he produced the documentary Whaledreamers about their tribe, and in 2007 he founded The White Feather Foundation (TWFF), whose mission "embraces environmental and humanitarian issues and in conjunction with partners from around the world helps to raise funds for the betterment of all life, and to honor those who have truly made a difference." TWFF partners with philanthropists and charities around the world to raise funds for various humanitarian projects in four major areas of giving: clean water, the preservation of Indigenous cultures, the environment and education and health. In 2008, the Prince of Monaco Albert II presented TWFF with the Better World Environmental Award. In 2015, after the Nepal earthquake, TWFF contributed $106,347.52 to the Music for Relief's Nepal aid fund to support the victims of the earthquake. Lennon visited Kenya, Ethiopia and Colombia in 2014 to witness the education and environmental initiatives by TWFF. After his mother's death the following year, Lennon announced that he would be naming TWFF's scholarship program to Kenyan girls after her: "The Cynthia Lennon Scholarship for Girls". Since then, the Foundation has awarded over 40 scholarships to girls in Kenya and in 2021 expanded the scholarship to art students in the U.S. In 2019, Lennon contributed his voice and music to the soundtrack of narrative feature film "One Little Finger", which has the initiative to spread awareness about 'ability in disability'. It shows how important and powerful music is to support societal and cognitive development of people with disabilities. In September 2020, Lennon was honoured with the CC Forum Philanthropy Award in Monaco. That same month, he was named a UNESCO Center for Peace 2020 Cross-Cultural and Peace Crafter Award Laureate. In 2022 Lennon recorded his version of his father's 1971 song Imagine with all proceeds going to support Ukraine. Personal life After living with his parents at Kenwood in Weybridge outside London from 1964 to 1968, Lennon moved with his mother to The Wirral near Liverpool and then to a farm in North Wales. Lennon's first step-father, Roberto Bassanini, whom his mother married in 1970, was Italian. Lennon moved to the United States in the early 1980s where he resided in New York City and then Los Angeles. In 1991, Lennon moved to Europe, and resided mainly in Italy where Bassanini had lived (Lennon dedicated Photograph Smile to Bassanini in 1998). Lennon then moved to Monaco where he currently resides, and he counts Albert II, Prince of Monaco as a friend. Lennon has been quoted as having a reasonably "cordial" relationship with Ono, following the financial settlement against his late father's estate. He remains close to her son, Sean, his half-brother. Julian saw Sean perform live for the first time in Paris on 12 November 2006 at La Boule Noire, and he and Sean spent time together on Sean's tour in 2007. Lennon has never married or had children, revealing in 2011 that his difficult relationship with his father had discouraged him from doing so. In commemoration of John Lennon's 70th birthday and as a statement for peace, Lennon and his mother, Cynthia, unveiled the John Lennon Peace Monument in his home town of Liverpool, on 9 October 2010. Lennon remains friends with his father's former bandmate Paul McCartney, though they experienced a brief public falling out in 2011 when Lennon was not invited to McCartney's wedding to Nancy Shevell. According to Lennon, McCartney later assured him that "someone obviously made a huge mistake" and the snub had not been intentional. McCartney provided the handwritten "Jude" motif for Lennon's 2022 album. In 2020, he legally changed his name from John Charles Julian Lennon to Julian Charles John Lennon to reflect the name he has always been known by. Discography Valotte (1984) The Secret Value of Daydreaming (1986) Mr. Jordan (1989) Help Yourself (1991) Photograph Smile (1998) Everything Changes (2011) Jude (2022) Filmography Films As Producer WhaleDreamers (2008) Kiss the Ground (2020) Women of the White Buffalo (2021) Television appearances Top of the Pops (18 October 1984) American Bandstand (29 December 1984) Solid Gold (TV series) (2 February 1985) Live at Five (WNBC TV series) (18 February 1985) Late Night with David Letterman (10 April 1985) The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (12 June 1985) American Bandstand (26 April 1986) Top 20 Countdown (3 May 1986) Solid Gold (13 September 1986) The Arsenio Hall Show (15 June 1989) Today (American TV program) (19 June 1989) Late Night with David Letterman (28 July 1989) The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (16 August 1989) Top of the Pops (3 October 1991) Late Night with David Letterman (18 October 1991) Late Show with David Letterman (17 February 1999) The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (9 March 1999) The Howard Stern Show (1 May 1999) The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (11 August 1999) Daybreak (19 September 2011) Larry King Now (16 July 2013) Chelsea Lately (28 October 2013) The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (21 November 2013) The View (19 April 2017) Access Hollywood (25 April 2017) The Chew (6 April 2018) Home and Family (16 April 2018) American Chopper (28 March 2019) The View (talk show) (24 April 2019) Home and Family (30 April 2019) Ways to change the world (18 November 2022) References External links Julian Lennon's official website Julian Lennon Photography The White Feather Foundation Timeless : Julian Lennon photo exhibition at the Morrison Gallery Hotel (17 September – 17 October 2010) 1963 births Living people 20th-century English singers 21st-century English singers 21st-century photographers Atlantic Records artists Art rock musicians English expatriates in Italy English expatriates in Monaco English male composers English male guitarists English male singers English male singer-songwriters English multi-instrumentalists English people of Irish descent English philanthropists English pop guitarists English pop rock singers English pop singers English rock guitarists English rock singers John Lennon Julian Musicians from Liverpool Singers from Liverpool
{'title': 'Julian Lennon', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20Lennon', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The 2014 Coca-Cola 600, the 55th running of the event, was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on May 25, 2014, at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina. Contested over 400 laps on the oval, it was the twelfth race of the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Jimmie Johnson won the race, his first of the season and fourth overall Coca-Cola 600 win, while Kevin Harvick finished second and Matt Kenseth, Carl Edwards and Jamie McMurray rounded out the top five. The top rookies of the race were Austin Dillon (16th), Kyle Larson (18th) and Cole Whitt (27th). Previous race Two weeks prior at Kansas Speedway, Jeff Gordon held off a last lap charge by Kevin Harvick to win the 5-hour Energy 400. The first night Cup race at Kansas Speedway was delayed about 30 minutes by rain, saw a bank of backstretch lights go out and featured two multi-car crashes. It ended with Gordon, the points leader, scoring his 89th career Sprint Cup victory. "I don't know what it is about this team, this '24' car and us here at Kansas on inaugural days, but I love this place," Gordon said. "What an incredible job ... by this race team. They have been giving me the best racecars all year long. I'm going to be 43 year this, but I feel like I'm 25." Kevin Harvick had one of the strongest cars and was leading before he made his final pit stop but exited behind Gordon and couldn't get around him the rest of the race, finishing second. "What put us in second is I just didn't get down pit road very good. I was paying attention to the fuel pressure gauge instead of the pit lights." Report Background The track, Charlotte Motor Speedway, is a four-turn quad-oval track that is long. The track's turns are banked at twenty-four degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is five degrees. The back stretch, opposite of the front, also had a five degree banking. The racetrack has seats for 134,000 spectators. The defending race winner from 2013 was Kevin Harvick. Kurt Busch ran the Indianapolis 500 on the same day as the Coca-Cola 600 and started the race in the number 41 Stewart-Haas Racing Chevrolet. In the event Busch could not arrive at the track in time, the team had Parker Kligerman ready to race in Busch's stead. This was the first time a driver attempted the Memorial Day weekend double since Robby Gordon did so in 2004. Entry list The entry list for the Coca-Cola 600 was released on Monday, May 19, 2014 at 11:37 a.m. Eastern time. Forty-five drivers were entered for the race. Practice First practice results Dale Earnhardt Jr. was the fastest in first practice with a time of 27.941 and a speed of . Qualifying Jimmie Johnson won the pole with a time of 27.705 and a speed of . “We’ve watched other cars get faster through qualifying sessions,’’ Johnson said. “That’s something the (Hendrick Motorsports) cars really haven’t had a lot. We did that tonight. We’re hitting on some things that should help us run faster longer.’’ Matt Kenseth and Kevin Harvick didn't get a lap in before time expired in the final round and started eleventh and twelfth as a result. “We had a big miscommunication tonight and didn’t get @KevinHarvick off of pit road in time to run a lap in the final qualifying session,’’ Childers tweeted. “Apologies to all of the sponsors and fans. We will make sure it doesn’t happen again.’’ While three of the Hendrick cars made it to the final round of qualifying, Jeff Gordon didn't make it out of the first round. “It just disappoints us,’’ Gordon said of his qualifying performance. “We know our car is much better than this. These are about as challenging conditions as you can have when you have a really hot day like this and the sun goes down and it’s a total guessing game. We guessed wrong. We just missed the setup. The car has plenty of speed in it, so I’m not concerned about the race.’’ The two drivers who failed to qualify were Dave Blaney and J. J. Yeley. Qualifying results Practice (post-qualifying) Second practice Carl Edwards was the fastest in second practice with a time of 28.008 and a speed of . Final practice Kyle Busch was the fastest in final practice with a time of 28.626 and a speed of in the final practice session. However, he had to start at the back of the field, after crashing during the session, which necessitated a change to a backup car. Joe Gibbs Racing were able to get Busch's backup onto the track for the final 20 minutes of final practice. In his first run Busch radioed that the backup was "not even close to the other one," but by the end the driver was turning competitive laps that would keep him in contention. "We got the backup on the race track, and he ran some decent laps. They were competitive," Jimmy Makar said. "I think it's a good race car, so I think we should be in OK shape there. There were a couple of really fast cars in practice today that you'll have to contend with. But we'll have something he can race with, for sure." Points leader Jeff Gordon sat out the final practice session due to back spasms. In fact, he only ran 11 laps in the second session before getting out of the car. "It doesn't do me any good to be out there in the car right now especially when the car is as good as it is," Gordon told Fox Sports 1. "It's really about getting prepared for 600 miles. I have no doubts that I can be in this car and be competitive if I take it easy over the next 24 hours." Gordon had a similar problem before the 2009 Coca-Cola 600, where he underwent a facet block procedure a few days before the event. Gordon suffered back spasms Thursday during qualifying. With no track activity Friday, Gordon rested his back but was still in pain Saturday. "I know he'll do everything he can to get in there and go," crew chief Alan Gustafson said about Gordon driving in the race. Nationwide Series championship leader Regan Smith was on standby if Gordon was not able to run the entire race. "We've tested a lot with Regan and have a really good baseline," Gustafson said, noting Smith drove Gordon's car at the NASCAR test at Charlotte in December. "We're real confident knowing what he'll need as far as the car drives." Race The Coca-Cola 600 was scheduled to start at 6:18 p.m. but started five minutes late with Jimmie Johnson leading the field to the green flag. Johnson surrendered the lead on lap 48 to make his first stop of the race. Brad Keselowski assumed the lead. Keselowski ducked onto pit road on lap 49 and the lead cycled back to Johnson. During the cycle, Marcos Ambrose had to serve a pass-through penalty after an uncontrolled tire left his pit box. Kevin Harvick took the lead on lap 76. Harvick hit pit road on lap 96 and handed the lead back to Jimmie Johnson. Johnson stopped the next lap and the lead cycled back to Kevin. After going caution-free for the first 108 laps, debris in turn 3 brought out the first caution of the race. Kevin Harvick swapped the lead with Jimmie Johnson, with the former being pitted behind the start/finish line, but exited pit road with the lead. The race restarted on lap 114. Debris on the backstretch brought out the second caution of the race on lap 148. As it was the previous caution, Harvick swapped the lead with Johnson. Only this time, Jimmie exited with the lead. The race restarted on lap 154. The third caution of the race flew on lap 164 when David Gilliland cut down his right-front tire and slammed the wall in turn 1. Brad Keselowski opted not to pit when the leaders did and moved back to the lead. The race restarted on lap 170. Kevin Harvick took back the lead on lap 192. Harvick hit pit road on lap 213 and handed the lead to Jeff Gordon. Gordon dove onto pit road on lap 214 and handed the lead to teammate Dale Earnhardt Jr. Earnhardt Jr. pitted the next lap and the lead went to Jamie McMurray. Teammate Kyle Larson cut down his right-front tire but made it to pit road without any hiccups. McMurray gave up the lead to pit on lap 216 and Kevin Harvick cycled back to the front. Debris on the backstretch brought out the fourth caution of the race on lap 223. Dale Earnhardt Jr. didn't pit with the leaders and assumed the lead. The race restarted on lap 228. The fifth caution of the race flew on lap 235 when Marcos Ambrose cut down his right-rear tire and spun out exiting turn 4. Landon Cassill got turned by Josh Wise trying to avoid Ambrose. Brian Scott, trying to avoid the spinning Ambrose as well, tagged the wall, bounced into Danica Patrick, hooked her and sent her into the wall. She didn't suffer any damage tagging the wall, but she tore up the left-rear corner panel. Dale Earnhardt Jr. stopped during the caution period and Jamie McMurray moved to the head of the line. The race restarted on lap 242. McMurray hit pit road on lap 271 and handed the lead to Matt Kenseth. The sixth caution of the race flew on lap 274 when Kurt Busch, who had been dealing with dropped cylinders, blew an engine on the backstretch. Busch, who finished sixth in the Indianapolis 500, would finish a disappointing 40th. "It acted like it swallowed three cylinders all at once," he said. "It's kind of a shame. It symbolizes how tough it has been for (my NASCAR) team. I thought it was great racing in traffic. The feel of the stock car right after driving the IndyCar is a feeling I'll never forget." Kurt ended completing 907 of the 1,100 combined miles that make up the Indianapolis 500 and the Coca-Cola 600. Kenseth and Jeff Gordon swapped the lead on pit road, with the former pitted behind the start/finish line, but Jimmie Johnson found himself back in the lead. The race restarted on lap 283. The seventh caution of the race flew on lap 286 when Danica Patrick, who was dealing with the same ailments that plagued her teammate Kurt Busch, blew an engine exiting turn 4 and slammed the wall. The race restarted on lap 294 and Matt Kenseth made his way to the lead. Jimmie Johnson passed Kenseth in turn 1 to take back the lead on lap 312. Johnson surrendered the lead to pit on lap 331 and handed the lead to Brad Keselowski. Keselowski pitted with 57 laps to go and Aric Almirola assumed the lead. Almirola ducked onto pit road with 56 laps to go and the lead cycled back to Jimmie Johnson. Johnson made his final pit stop with 27 laps to go and handed the lead to his teammate Jeff Gordon. Gordon pitted the next lap and handed the lead to Carl Edwards. The eighth caution of the race flew with 22 laps to go after Alex Bowman slammed the wall in turn 3. Edwards pitted and handed the lead back to Gordon. The race restarted with 17 laps to go and Jeff Gordon on two new tires couldn't hold off Matt Kenseth with four. Jimmie Johnson took the lead with nine laps to go and pulled away from Kevin Harvick to score his first win of the season and first points win at Charlotte Motor Speedway since 2009. In the process, he broke a tie with Bobby Allison for the most wins at Charlotte. “There are more people fretting about things than myself,” said Johnson. “I mean what 12 races? Give me a break. Obviously it’s great to win and we are very happy to win here especially in the backyard of Hendrick Motorsports, Lowe’s headquarters is just up the road as well. I was happy to get by the No. 24 (Jeff Gordon) and then the No. 20 (Kenseth). I wasn't sure I was going to get by both of them, but I did and brought this baby home." “Yeah. We had a fast car all night,” said Harvick. “Just kind of fumbled again on pit road. Got behind, got a lap down. We needed a 700 mile race to get back to where we needed to be.” “Got a good restart, got out front,” said Kenseth. “Unfortunately didn't have enough speed to hold off Jimmie and Kevin and hang on to win.” Race results Race statistics Lead changes: 34 among different drivers Cautions/Laps: 8 for 44 Red flags: 0 Time of race: 4 hours, 7 minutes and 27 seconds Average speed: Media Television Radio Standings after the race Drivers' Championship standings Manufacturers' Championship standings Note: Only the first sixteen positions are included for the driver standings. Note References Coca-Cola 600 Coca-Cola 600 NASCAR races at Charlotte Motor Speedway Coca-Cola 600
{'title': '2014 Coca-Cola 600', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20Coca-Cola%20600', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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SIAM (an acronym from Sección Industrial Amasadoras Mecánicas, formerly SIAM Di Tella) is an Argentine home appliance brand, currently owned by "Grupo Industrial Newsan", a leader of the segment in the region. The original "Siam Di Tella" company was founded in Buenos Aires by Torcuato di Tella in 1911, established as a manufacturer of mechanical bread machines. Subsequently, production was diversified by incorporating the production of refrigerators, washing machines, kitchens, televisions, scooters, vans, automobiles, and elements for private industry and the public sector, such as oil pumping equipment, large electrical transformers, steel pipes and generators for diesel-electric locomotives. By the 1940s, the company became the largest metalworking industry in South America. The company was nationalized in 1972 and in 1986, during the government of Raúl Alfonsín, it was dismantled and sold separately to three private business groups (Techint, Pérez Companc and Aurora). After securing rights to the "SIAM" brand name, Newsan reopened the former Siam Di Tella plant in Piñeiro, Buenos Aires on 30 April 2014, with an investment of more than USD35 million. Currently, Newsan (a company with more than 3,500 employees and licensee of Sanyo, Philco, and other electronics companies) manufactures refrigerators with the "SIAM" brand in the Piñeiro plant. History Early years and development Founded in 1911 by Torcuato di Tella, an Italian Argentine immigrant, the firm began as a manufacturer of bread making machines, which came into great demand by local bakeries in the 1920s. Di Tella's friendship with Enrique Mosconi, the director of the newly established state oil concern YPF, helped result in a contract to build their fuel dispensers and Siam di Tella's growth into a leading Argentine manufacturer. A military coup in 1930 resulted in the contract's rescission, prompting di Tella to convert his new factory south of Buenos Aires into the manufacture of industrial machinery and home appliances (particularly refrigerators), becoming the largest, domestically-based industrial conglomerate in Latin America. The firm established a facility making commercial freezers under license from Westinghouse in 1935, and their trademark household refrigerator unit in 1948. Advertised as la reina del frío ("The Queen of Cold"), these became popular among Argentine consumers and their production expanded from 11,000 units annually in 1948 to 70,000 by 1958. Expanding into an array of big ticket appliances, as well as their motorcycle and motor vehicle ventures, Siam diTella expanded to 13 manufacturing facilities employing 9,000 by the 1960s. Siambretta Following the founder's death in 1948, the firm secured a licensing agreement with Italian motor scooter maker Lambretta. This initially consisted of a deal to import 2,000 obsolete model A's that had failed to sell in Italy, 75 of which were donated to President Juan Perón's youth group UES. Contemporary LD models were soon added to the range and in the early 1960s SIAM began producing an Li/TV Series 2 variant. Some of these were exported to Chile and Uruguay. Siambretta production ceased by 1970 with around 200,000 units having been sold. Automobile production Reforms by way of a Law of Foreign Investment and an Automobile Industry Framework drafted by adviser Rogelio Julio Frigerio and enacted by President Arturo Frondizi encouraged Siam to venture into the auto industry. A license obtained from the British Motor Corporation led to the Siam di Tella 1500; based on the British BMC Farina series of the late 1950s, using the front-end design of the Riley model. The car followed the specifications of the BMC car in most respects, but was fitted with a low compression version of the 1489 cc B-Series engine with a single carburettor (the option of twin carburettors was offered, but very rarely specified). The vehicle became very popular among taxi drivers in Buenos Aires due to its spacious interior and its fuel economy compared to the US-derived vehicles previously popular as taxis. The 1500 was followed by the Traveller station wagon and the Argenta pick-up truck, then the upmarket "Magnette". The proliferation of domestic subsidiaries of U.S. and European automakers led to the bankruptcy of Siam's vehicle line in 1966; in all, around 61,477 units had been produced between 1959 and 1966. The automobile production facility was sold to Industrias Kaiser Argentina. IKA revitalised production with a variant of the Morris Oxford sold with two-tone leather seats and 1622cc engine as the Morris 1650; the base model Siam di Tella 1500 and the Argenta pick-up were rebadged Riley 1500 and the Magnette was uprated with twin carburettors and individual leather seats as the MG 1650 - sales of the Morris were good, but IKA was taken over by Renault in 1967 and production of this British-derived range of cars was shut down. Production figures Electromecanics division In the late 1960s, the Electromechanical section of SIAM signed two contracts, which would ultimately allow it to produce heavy machinery in the country. The first, with the US company WABCO (Westinghouse Air Brake CO), for the production of three models of WABCO motor graders at its Monte Chingolo plant: these were 440, 444 and 660. This contract was in force until the mid-80's, where, since 1984, SADE (Sociedad Argentina de Electrificación) took over the production of 130 H and 160 H motor graders under the SIAM SADE brand until the decade Of 90 '. The second was with the International Harvester, for the production of the front loader IH Payloader H60B, which extended until the end of the 1970s. Decline and reactivation Siam Di Tella focused on its appliance and machinery units, though losses stemming from its defunct vehicle unit led to growing debts with the state small business lender, BANADE. Paying the lender with company stock in lieu of cash, Siam gradually made the Argentine government its partner. The latter absorbed Siam in 1972, after which the firm expanded into foreign markets through exports of its refrigerators, and into the transformer industry. The March 1976 coup and the free trade and deregulatory policies enacted by the last dictatorship's Economy Minister, José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, affected the company adversely, however. Unable to compete with a flood of imported appliances in the late 1970s and beset by a national financial collapse in the early 1980s, Siam di Tella declared bankruptcy in 1981 and its facilities were sold by the National Government in 1986. The steel tube facility was sold to Techint, and their remaining appliance units to the Pérez Companc conglomerate and local appliance and electronics maker Aurora; another small appliance and parts facility in Monte Chingolo was acquired by Newsan in a joint venture with Sanyo in 1991. A renewed boom in imports ultimately led to the bankruptcy of Aurora in 1997. The remaining employees formed the Julián Moreno CIAM Cooperative, Ltd. in 1997. They resumed the manufacture of appliances at the Piñeyro facility in 2002 and employ around 200 production workers. Newsan, which had reinaugurated Aurora's Ushuaia facility in 2011, announced the reintroduction of the popular SIAM refrigerator line in 2012. The SIAM refrigerator plant was reopened on May 1, 2014, in a ceremony led by Newsan Chairman Rubén Chernajovsky and Argentine President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner; the new plant has a capacity of 100,000 units annually. Legacy Torcuato Salvador di Tella, the founder's eldest son, set aside 10% of the company's stock to establish the Torcuato di Tella Institute in 1958. Located on Buenos Aires' Florida Street during its heyday in the 1960s, the institute became the leading Argentine venue for avant-garde art and experimental theatre. The center closed in 1971, but reopened in the Belgrano neighborhood in 2007; the Torcuato di Tella University, established in 1991, is located nearby. The Siambretta tooling was sold to a firm called 'Franco Brothers' who used it to produce a three-wheeled truck called the Frambretta. Low-scale production of this has continued into the 21st century. An enthusiastic and active worldwide owners club called the Cambridge-Oxford Owners Club caters for the Siam Di Tella 1500 and Magnette cars, Di Tella commercials and their UK-built four and six cylinder sisters. The club aims to keep the cars on the road, provides advice, spares and a social forum for enjoying the cars. See also British Motor Corporation Universidad Torcuato Di Tella Torcuato di Tella Institute References External links Club Siambretta Manufacturing companies established in 1911 Compact executive cars Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Argentina Siambretta 1911 establishments in Argentina Home appliance manufacturers of Argentina Manufacturing companies based in Buenos Aires
{'title': 'Siam Di Tella', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siam%20Di%20Tella', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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In Greek mythology, Panthous (), son of Othrys, was an elder of Troy, husband of the "queenly" Phrontis and father of Euphorbus, Polydamas and Hyperenor. Mythology Panthous was originally a priest of Apollo at Delphi. When Priam, after Troy had been destroyed by Heracles, sent a son of Antenor to Delphi to inquire whether it was appropriate to build a new citadel on the foundations of the destroyed city, said son of Antenor was charmed by Panthous' beauty and carried him off. Panthous, in accord with Priam' s will, continued to perform his duties as a priest of Apollo at Troy. Panthous was credited with killing four Greeks in the Trojan War. In the Aeneid, Panthous is portrayed lamenting his own and Troy's fate on the night of the city's fall, with his baby grandson in his arms. He is further killed by one of the Greeks. Notes References Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. . Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Homer, Homeri Opera in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. . Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii; recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1881. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Publius Vergilius Maro, Aeneid. Theodore C. Williams. trans. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Publius Vergilius Maro, Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Trojans Characters in the Aeneid
{'title': 'Panthous', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthous', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007 (formerly the Crimes (Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline) Amendment Bill) is an amendment to New Zealand's Crimes Act 1961 which removed the legal defence of "reasonable force" for parents prosecuted for assault on their children. The law was introduced to the New Zealand Parliament as a private member's bill by Green Party Member of Parliament Sue Bradford in 2005, after being drawn from the ballot. It attracted intense debate, both in Parliament and from the public. The bill was colloquially referred to by several of its opponents and newspapers as the "anti-smacking bill". The bill was passed on its third reading on 16 May 2007 by 113 votes to eight. The Governor-General of New Zealand granted the Royal Assent on 21 May 2007, and the law came into effect on 21 June 2007. A citizens-initiated referendum on the issues surrounding the law was held between 30 July and 21 August 2009, asking "Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?" Despite widespread criticism of the question's wording, the referendum was returned with an 87.4 percent "No" vote on a turnout of 56.1 percent. Legal context Prior to the amendment bill, Section 59 read as follows: 59 Domestic discipline (1) Every parent of a child and, subject to subsection (3), every person in the place of the parent of a child is justified in using force by way of correction towards the child, if the force used is reasonable in the circumstances. (2) The reasonableness of the force used is a question of fact. (3) Nothing in subsection (1) justifies the use of force towards a child in contravention of section 139A of the Education Act 1989. Section 139A of the Education Act 1989 is the enactment criminalising school corporal punishment, so the third clause prohibited teacher-parents from using force on their own children if it could be interpreted as school corporal punishment. Section 59 reads as follows: 59 Parental control (1) Every parent of a child and every person in the place of a parent of the child is justified in using force if the force used is reasonable in the circumstances and is for the purpose of— (a) preventing or minimising harm to the child or another person; or (b) preventing the child from engaging or continuing to engage in conduct that amounts to a criminal offence; or (c) preventing the child from engaging or continuing to engage in offensive or disruptive behaviour; or (d) performing the normal daily tasks that are incidental to good care and parenting. (2) Nothing in subsection (1) or in any rule of common law justifies the use of force for the purpose of correction. (3) Subsection (2) prevails over subsection (1). (4) To avoid doubt, it is affirmed that the Police have the discretion not to prosecute complaints against a parent of a child or person in the place of a parent of a child in relation to an offence involving the use of force against a child, where the offence is considered to be so inconsequential that there is no public interest in proceeding with a prosecution. A consequential amendment was also made to Section 139A of the Education Act 1989 by removing the exemption of parents (who are not school staff) administering corporal punishment to their children at school. Adults assaulting children no longer have the legal defence of "reasonable force" but "force ... may ... be for the purposes of restraint ... or, by way of example, to ensure compliance", according to the police practice guide. Social context Prior to the amendment of section 59 of the Crimes Act 1961, there were cases of parents who had disciplined their children using a riding crop in one case, and a rubber hose in another, who were not convicted because of the legal justification of "reasonable force". When the law was changed in 2007, some proponents of the change said it would stop cases of abuse from slipping through the gaps and reduce the infant death rate. Political context When the private member's bill was first proposed by Sue Bradford in 2005, it was known as the Crimes (Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline) Amendment Bill. It was subsequently renamed to the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Bill at the Select Committee stage. The bill was later backed by the Labour Party and for a time it 'faced a rocky passage through parliament with the main opposition party, National, giving its members a conscience vote on the issue'. A new section, Clause 4, was added as part of a political agreement with the Leader of the Opposition, John Key, and the amendment passed by 113 votes to 8 with both major parties voting for the bill. Debate and aftermath Bradford considered that smacking was illegal even before the Act was passed. When an illegal activity is reported to the Police or to Child Youth and Family (CYF), they are required to investigate the reported abuse. Under subsection 4, The police have the option of not prosecuting the parents 'where the offence is considered to be so inconsequential that there is no public interest in proceeding with a prosecution.' Many of the groups who originally supported the change to the Act also said that a law change was not a fully adequate response to protect children from abuse. The New Zealand Anglican Bishops said 'It is essential that changes to section 59 go hand in hand with increased access to high quality public educational programmes, which encourage non-violent discipline and child rearing.' The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) also put pressure on the New Zealand Government for education and promotion of changing attitudes and parenting practice. In the 2008 Budget the then Labour Government said it was 'providing $446.5 million over the next four years to improve our partnership with community-based social services to help deliver essential services to support children and families, including parenting and family violence programmes, and mentoring at-risk youth.' This included the "Are you OK?" anti-family-violence campaign. The law change has been described by supporters as aimed at making 'Aotearoa New Zealand […] a place where children are secure, confident, understand limits and boundaries and behave well – without physical punishment' and to 'protect children from assault'. The first conviction under the new law occurred on 22 November 2007. In the first five years following the law change (June 2007 – June 2012) there were eight prosecutions for smacking. Reactions and opinions A broad selection of organisations – including child welfare groups, churches, women's groups and businesses – publicly endorsed the bill and made submissions in support of it. Gordon Copeland resigned from the United Future party over the Bill since he did not agree with the party leader Peter Dunne's support for it. However, Copeland was not re-elected to Parliament at the New Zealand general election, 2008, although his political vehicle, The Kiwi Party, made that issue paramount in its election campaign. Most public opposition to the bill came from conservative Christian groups, who believed that it made even "light smacking" of children illegal. Multipartisan passage of the bill occurred after an additional clause was added stating that the bill did not remove police discretion on whether to prosecute in "inconsequential" cases when it was not in the public interest to do so. During debate on the bill a poster on the CYFSWatch website threatened Bradford. Google removed the website from its Blogger service soon afterwards. A survey carried out between May and June 2008 showed that more people supported the Act than those who did not. The survey, carried out by UMR Research for the Office of the Children's Commissioner, polled 750 people, of whom 91% were aware of the law change and 72% professed to know "a lot" or "a fair amount" about the legislation. Results of the questions were: 89% of respondents agreed that children are entitled to the same protection from assault as adults. 4% disagreed and 5% were neutral. 43% supported the law regarding physical punishment of children, 28% opposed and 26% were neutral. 58% agreed there are certain circumstances when parents may physically punish children. 20% disagreed with the hypothesis and 20% were neutral. 30% agreed that physical punishment should be part of child discipline. 37% disagreed and 32% were unsure. Referendum proposals Two petitions for citizens initiated referendums related to the bill were launched in February 2007. The wording for the two referendums was: "Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?" "Should the Government give urgent priority to understanding and addressing the wider causes of family breakdown, family violence and child abuse in New Zealand?" In February 2008, the bill having been passed in the meantime, supporters of the referendums claimed that they had collected enough signatures. If 300,000 valid signatures were collected by 1 March 2008 for each of the referendum petitions, they hoped the referendums would be held on the same date as the 2008 general election. The first petition was supported by Family First New Zealand, the ACT Party and The Kiwi Party. The first petition was presented to the Clerk of the House of Representatives on 29 February 2008, who vetted the signatures along with the Chief Electoral Officer. Of 280,275 signatures required to force a referendum, only 269,500 were confirmed—a shortfall of 10,775. A number of signatures were excluded because they were illegible, had incorrect date of birth information, or appeared more than once. The petitioners were required to collect and confirm the requisite number of signatures within two months, to be presented to the Speaker of the House of Representatives. This occurred on 23 June 2008, when Kiwi Party leader Larry Baldock handed over a petition which claimed to have over 390,000 signatures. The Office of the Clerk of the House had two months to verify the signatures. On 22 August 2008 the Clerk certified that there were enough signatures, and the Government had one month to name a date for a referendum. Under the Citizens Initiated Referenda Act 1993, Cabinet could delay a vote on the issue for up to a year. The referendum was held from 31 July to 21 August 2009. The referendum was non-binding (as specified by New Zealand's Citizens Initiated Referenda Act 1993), and thus did not compel the government to follow its result. Prime Minister John Key and Leader of the Opposition Phil Goff said the results of the referendum would not commit them to repealing the law. On 25 August 2009, the Chief Electoral Officer released the results of the referendum. According to the results, 11.98% of valid votes were Yes votes, and 87.4% of votes were No votes. Voter turnout was 56.09%, and 0.1% of votes were invalid. The second petition, organised by Larry Baldock, was handed to Parliament on 14 May 2008. 2017 election New Zealand First and Winston Peters said they would take a policy to repeal the law to the 2017 election. However, during the post-election negotiations with the Labour Party, NZ First agreed to drop its demand for a referendum on this law. See also Child discipline New Zealand blogosphere#CYFS Watch References External links New Zealand Legislation: Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007 Parliament of New Zealand - Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Bill Children's Commissioner - Submission on the Crimes (Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline) Amendment Bill The Yes Vote - NZ Referendum on Child Discipline 2009, a lobby group wishing to prevent changes to the current law Statutes of New Zealand 2007 in New Zealand law Spanking Corporal punishment law Youth in New Zealand
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Alexei Sidorov, sometimes transliterated as Aleksei Sidorov, (December 29, 1971 – October 9, 2003), a Russian journalist and editor-in-chief for the Tolyatinskoye Obozreniye (Togliatti Review) in Tolyatti, Samara Oblast, Russia, was known for his investigations into the Russian mafia. Alexei was killed in what was suspected to be an organized crime contract killing. Personal Alexei Sidorov lived with his wife in an apartment complex in Tolyatti, Russia. He had one known child, Leonid Sidorov. Career Sidorov started out as a journalist for Togliatti Review, a local newspaper. He worked under his mentor Valery Ivanov, who was the editor in 2002. He became known for his investigations into dealings by the Russian mafia. Sidorov took over as editor-in-chief for the paper after the murder of Ivanov by Russian mafia, and continued the work that Ivanov was doing and overseeing all investigative reporting for the paper until his death six months later. During the time of Ivanov's murder, Sidorov told the New York Times, "They can't kill us all." He was then murdered about six months later. Death Sidorov's wife, Olga Lapitskaya, was waiting for him to return on October 9, 2003, when she heard Sidorov call for help using the apartment buzzer. She ran downstairs to discover him bleeding on the steps of their building. She called emergency services but even with their arrival, Sidorov did not survive his wounds. After an investigation it was found that Alexei was attacked by two men while walking up to his complex. He was stabbed repeatedly and left to die. While it was initially reported that Sidorov's death was not a product of the Russian Mafia, further investigation showed that he was in fact the victim of a mafia hit. The two cases have never been solved. Context Being a journalist in Russia is said to be one of the most dangerous jobs. Russian police are not good with cooperating in investigations which allowed the mob to spread crimes all across Russia. Towns like Togliatti exist all over Russia, journalists have to worry about the danger that follows their job. The Russian mafia has made it clear that they do not want to be bothered. While Russian civilians turn to law enforcement to protect them, the Russian police say they are unable to deal with the threats the Russian mob brings. Impact The death of Alexei Sidorov has given views of the danger that Russian journalists are facing in the past and the present. Lack of law enforcement and prosecution of those who murder journalists are the primary reasons Russian journalists worry about their safety. Russian law enforcement located in places like Togliatti, blame victims for getting involved in the mob cases rather than help create a more safe community for everyone living there. Sidorov's murder also brings to light the shortcomings of the Russian media and court system. The police only continue to investigate murders like Sidorov to appease public disapproval. The Russian courts are also at fault because they are showing how powerful the mob is by setting suspects free who come into the equation after long investigations. Reactions Sidorov's death sparked new discussions regarding the safety of journalists in Russia. PEN America wrote a letter to the President Dmitry Medvedev demanding investigations to put an end to immunity in the case of journalists that were murdered in Russia. Koïchiro Matsuura, director-general of UNESCO condemned the journalist's death, "The murder of Alexi Sidorov marks yet another attack on democracy and transparency in Russia and must be condemned as such." State Deputy Vladimir Ryzhkov said, "Our journalists have no protection, and that tells you that journalism is a very risky profession and that there is a great deal of unhappiness in society." See also List of journalists killed in Russia References 1971 births 2003 deaths Murdered Russian journalists Deaths by stabbing in Russia Journalists killed in Russia
{'title': 'Alexei Sidorov', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei%20Sidorov', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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was the trade name of a Meiji period Japanese photographer. The T. of his trade name is thought to have stood for Toshi, though he never spelled it out on any personal or business document. Biography Born in Edo (now Tokyo) during the Bakumatsu era, Enami was first a student of, and then an assistant to the well known photographer and collotypist, Ogawa Kazumasa. Enami relocated to Yokohama, and opened a studio on Benten-dōri (Benten Street) in 1892. Just a few doors away from him was the studio of the already well known Tamamura Kōzaburō. He and Enami would work together on at least three related projects over the years. Enami became quietly unique as the only photographer of that period known to work in all popular formats, including the production of large-format photographs compiled into what are commonly called "Yokohama Albums". Enami went on to become Japan's most prolific photographer of small-format images such as the stereoview and glass lantern-slides. The best of these were delicately hand-tinted. His images in all formats eventually appeared in books and periodicals having press-runs in the millions. The Japanese stereoview lines of at least three major American publishers were made up entirely of T. Enami images. Enami survived the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, and rebuilt his studio which had been destroyed by the quake and subsequent fire. After his death at age 70 in 1929, his first son Tamotsu took over the studio until it was once again demolished in 1945 by the Allied bombing of Yokohama during World War II. Legacy Because Tamotsu shared the initial "T" with his father, photo-historians later confused attribution of the father's photographs with those produced by his son. Terry Bennett, in his book Photography in Japan 1853–1912 offered interesting commentary concerning the "father or son" attribution problem. The Enami family in Yokohama later resolved the mystery: Tamotsu was not a photographer, and T. Enami never stood for Tamotsu Enami. Rather, the son maintained the studio, and continued the production and sale of his father's old photographs. Fortunately, due to sharing the same first-name initial with his father, he didn't have to change the letterheads or labels of the company ephemera. These revelations, and other biographical data appeared in an essay and stereoview index entry written by Okinawa-based photo researcher Rob Oechsle, and published in Bennett's follow-up volume, Old Japanese Photographs – Collectors' Data Guide. Philbert Ono of PhotoGuide Japan has also speculated on the possibility that T. Enami intentionally named his son with a leading T in the hope that he would someday take over the studio. Perhaps the greatest posthumous honor conferred on Enami was the selection of one of his images to be the sole inset-photograph appearing on the first-edition cover of the monumental Odyssey, The Art of Photography at National Geographic. Early in their history, Enami had been a contributing photographer to the magazine. Photographs by T. Enami References Japanese photographers 1929 deaths 1859 births
{'title': 'T. Enami', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20Enami', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Polypterus teugelsi (Teugelsi bichir) is a species of carnivorous, nocturnal bichir (a group of ray-finned fishes) that lives in the Cross River drainage basin in the country of Cameroon. P. teugelsi was described in 2004 by Ralf Britz. It can grow to up to 16 inches long. It has a network of black markings on the dorsal surface and the medial and pelvic fins, completely black pectoral fins, and an orange ventral surface. The species is most commonly found in shady, slow-moving streams with lush foliage on the edge of the streams. It does not have a very good sense of vision and instead uses its smelling abilities to find food. The IUCN does not have enough data to evaluate the condition of this species. P. teugelsi has some interesting adaptations. Its swim bladder, unlike most fishes, is divided into two parts. The right side is rather larger, and can function as a breathing organ if needed. Therefore, P. teugelsi can survive for some time out of water (if it is kept moist) through breathing air. In addition, P. teugelsi have gills that resemble those of young amphibians. Named in honor of Guy Teugels (1954–2003), curator of fishes at the Musée Royale de l’Afrique Centrale. References Polypteridae Taxa named by Ralf Britz Fish described in 2004 Endemic fauna of Cameroon Freshwater fish of Cameroon
{'title': 'Polypterus teugelsi', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypterus%20teugelsi', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Cornrows (sometimes called canerows) are a traditional style of braids in which the hair is braided very close to the scalp, using an underhand, upward motion to make a continuous, raised row. Cornrows are often done in simple, straight lines, as the term implies, but they can also be styled in elaborate geometric or curvilinear designs. Depending on the region of the world, cornrows are worn by both sexes, and are, on some occasions, adorned with beads, hair cuffs, or cowrie shells. The duration of weaving cornrow braids can take may up to five hours, depending on the quantity and width. Often favored for their easy maintenance, cornrows can be left in for weeks at a time if maintained through careful washing of the hair and natural oiling of the scalp. Braids are considered a protective styling on African curly hair as they allow for easy and restorative growth. Braids pulled too tightly or worn for longer lengths of time and on different hair types can cause a type of hair loss known as traction alopecia. History The oldest known depictions of hairstyles that appear to be cornrows or braids are the statues known as the Venus of Brassempouy and the Venus of Willendorf, which date to 25,000-30,000 years ago and were found in modern day France and Austria. Depictions of women with cornrows have been found in Stone Age paintings in the Tassili Plateau of the Sahara, and have been dated as far back as 3000 B.C. As well as the cornrow style is seen in depictions of ancient Cushitic people of the horn of Africa wearing this style of braids as far back as 2000 B.C. The traditional hairstyle of Roman Vestal Virgins incorporated cornrows. The tradition of female hairstyling in cornrows has remained popular throughout Africa, particularly in the Horn of Africa and West Africa and the rest of Africa as a whole. Historically, male hairstyling with cornrows can be traced as far back as the early 5th century BC within Ancient Greek sculpture and artwork, typically shown on warriors and heroes. Artwork and statues of different Middle Eastern and Mediterranean civilisations dating back to the 3rd and 4th century BC also suggest that such hairstyles were common amongst warrior cultures. More modern male depictions occur in the 19th century Ethiopia, where warriors and kings such as Tewodros II and Yohannes IV were depicted wearing cornrows. The name also refers to either the corn fields or sugar cane fields in the Caribbean. It is most commonly held that this idea originated from Benkos Biohó during his time as a slave in Colombia. Cornrow hairstyles in Africa also cover a wide social terrain: religion, kinship, status, age, racial diversity, and other attributes of identity can all be expressed in hairstyle. Just as important is the act of braiding, which passes on cultural values between generations, expresses bonds between friends, and establishes the role of professional practitioner. Cornrows have made a comeback in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, and returned again during the 1990s and 2000s. In the 2000s, some athletes wore cornrows, including NBA basketball players Allen Iverson, Rasheed Wallace, and Latrell Sprewell. Many female mixed martial artists who have more than jaw-length hair choose to wear cornrows for their fights as it prevents their hair from obscuring their vision as they move. Controversy Over the decades, cornrows, alongside dreadlocks, have been the subject of several disputes in U.S. workplaces, as well as universities. Some employers and educational institutions have considered them unsuitable and banned them. Employees and civil rights groups have countered that such attitudes evidence cultural bias, and some disputes have resulted in litigation. In 2011, the High Court of the United Kingdom, in a decision reported as a test case, ruled against a school's decision to refuse entry to a student with cornrows. The school claimed this was part of its policy mandating "short back and sides" haircuts, and banning styles that might be worn as indicators of gang membership. However, the court ruled that the student was expressing a tradition and that such policies, while possibly justifiable in certain cases (e.g. skinhead gangs), had to accommodate reasonable racial diversities and cultural practices. In the US state of California, the CROWN Act was passed in 2019 to prohibit discrimination based on hair style and hair texture. Gallery See also List of hairstyles Crochet braids French braid Waves (hairstyle) Box braids References External links 1970s fashion 1980s fashion 1990s fashion 2000s fashion 2010s fashion 2020s fashion Braid hairstyles
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Swivler is a manufacturer of snowboard bindings, snowboard binding rotating devices, LBEV (load bearing equipment vest), and accessories. The company is headquartered in Woodland, Washington. Company overview Swivler built a snowboard binding rotating device and other products that are marketed worldwide—mainly in North America, Europe, and Australia. History In 2002, Rick A. White invented a snowboard binding rotating device to minimize the torque force that occurs when a snowboarder has one foot out of the binding and one locked on the board. The rotating device allows the snowboarder to turn the locked foot straight into the direction of the tip of the snowboard without removing his boot from the boot binding. In 2004, the invention was first introduced on the SIA fare. In 2007, the rotating mechanism was implemented into a snowboard strap-in binding. Technology Rotatable binding conversion apparatus (US Patent 6,575,489 B1). References Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States Clothing companies of the United States Snowboarding companies Privately held companies based in Washington (state)
{'title': 'Swivler', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivler', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Arnaut Guilhem (or Guillem) de Marsan (fl. 1160–1180) was a Landais nobleman and troubadour. He was descended from a cadet branch of the viscounts of Marsan and was himself lord of Roquefort and Montgaillard and co-lord of Marsan. Arnaut was a member of the 1170 escort of Eleanor, daughter of Henry II of England, from Bordeaux to the Spanish border for her marriage to Alfonso VIII of Castile. He is attested in a charter of Eleanor of Aquitaine. Arnaut Guilhem was also an Occitan lyric poet who composed one of the earliest ensenhamens or didactic poems: the Ensenhamen del cavalier (teaching of the cavalier). The medievalist Mark Johnston notes that his work is similar to that of another 12th-century troubadour poet, Garin lo Brun. According to an Occitan vida, the troubadour Peire de Valeira was from Arnaut Guilhem's lands. Arnaut Guilhem was the ancestor of three branches of the house of Marsan through his three sons: the co-lords of Marsans and lords of Roquefort and Montgaillard; the lords of Cauna; and the lords of Tardets. Sources Egan, Margarita, ed. and trans. The Vidas of the Troubadours. New York: Garland, 1984. . Johnston, Mark. "Gender as Conduct in the Courtesy Guides for Aristocratic Boys and Girls of Amanieu de Sescas." Essays in Medieval Studies, 20 (2003), pp. 75–84. Gascons 12th-century French troubadours People from Landes (department)
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Wahidin Halim (born 14 August 1954) is an Indonesian politician who is the formerly Governor of Banten, having held that position since 2017 to 2022. Before being elected to the office, Halim had spent two years as a legislator and ten years as the mayor of Tangerang. Halim was born in Tangerang and completed his higher education in the University of Indonesia. His career started out as a local bureaucrat, before eventually becoming Tangerang's city secretary prior to his election as mayor in 2003. Background Wahidin Halim was born in Pinang, Tangerang, West Java (now Banten), on 14 August 1954. The third child of nine, his father was an elementary school teacher. After completing his high school in Tangerang, he earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Indonesia on 1978. He later gained a masters from Satyagama University and a doctorate from Padjadjaran University. He is married to Niniek Nur'aini and has three children. Career Early in his career, while he was still in his 20s, he was elected as a village chief. Around 1980, following a local government reform, village chiefs officially became state employees and Wahidin entered bureaucracy, becoming the "lurah" (administrative village chief) of his home village. He became head of the city's taxation office by 1988, and head of the development office in 1991, before moving to the Tangerang Regency government where he worked for five years as subdistrict head and department chief. He returned to Tangerang as city secretary in 2003. Mayor of Tangerang In 2003, Halim was voted as the mayor of Tangerang by the city council, winning over two other candidates by a significant margin. In 2005, during his first term, the city's government released a law prohibiting prostitution. He was approached by the Prosperous Justice Party to run as governor of Banten in the 2007 gubernatorial election, but eventually declined. He ran for reelection in 2008, during Tangerang's first direct mayoral election. Running with Arief Rachadiono Wismansyah in the three-candidate race, Halim won over 80 percent of the votes to secure a second term for himself. During his tenure as mayor, he established a "green village" program, planting trees in order to mitigate pollution generated by factories. He also criticized then-governor Ratu Atut Chosiyah, saying that the provincial government did not understand the issues encountered by people living close to Jakarta. Halim ran as a gubernatorial candidate in 2011, towards the expiry of his second term, but lost to Ratu Atut. In 2013, Halim was removed from his post as the head of Demokrat in Banten, which he held since October 2011, as he opposed the party's candidate for the Mayor of Tangerang succeeding him. Instead, Halim supported his younger brother and Golkar nominee Abdul Syukur, although Demokrat's candidate Arief Rachadiono Wismansyah eventually won. An academician from Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta remarked that under Halim's tenure, various metrics such as investments, local government revenues and spending and the human development index all improved, but the poverty rate increased. Legislator Following the expiry of his second term, Halim ran under Demokrat as a legislative candidate in the 2014 election to the People's Representative Council, representing Tangerang. He was successful and gained the most votes in the electoral district, with 84,025 votes - exceeding the total votes for the rest of his party. Governor of Banten In 2017. Halim ran in Banten's gubernatorial election against incumbent Rano Karno, resigning from his DPR post to do so. Running with Andika Hazrumy, the pair won with 50.95 percent of the votes. A lawsuit to the Constitutional Court was overthrown, and the pair was sworn in on 12 May 2017. Rumors circulated in 2018 that Halim was to join Joko Widodo's campaign team for the 2019 presidential election, and was included in its advisers list, but Demokrat (which endorsed Prabowo Subianto) denied his inclusion. References 1954 births Living people Governors of Banten Mayors and regents of places in Banten People from Tangerang Democratic Party (Indonesia) politicians Members of the People's Representative Council, 2014 Mayors of places in Indonesia
{'title': 'Wahidin Halim', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahidin%20Halim', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Mill Creek is a large stream in northern California. It is an eastside tributary of the Sacramento River, draining an area of and flowing for . The creek begins in Shasta County, California, but almost immediately flows into Tehama County, California. The creek's source is a thermal spring at an elevation of in Lassen Volcanic National Park. At first, the creek flows roughly south while meandering to the east and west, but the lower two-thirds of the creek flow roughly southwest until it reaches the Sacramento River at an elevation of only , just north of Los Molinos, California. In the creek's upper reaches, it flows through meadows and dense forests. Later, it descends through a steep canyon and flows into the Sacramento Valley. It flows about in the valley before it reaches its confluence with the Sacramento River. The creek is in excellent condition, due to the upper two-thirds of it being in the protected lands of Lassen Volcanic National Park and Lassen National Forest. There are no storage dams or reservoirs on the creek, but there are several diversion dams after it reaches the Sacramento Valley. The creek is home to Spring Run Chinook Salmon and Central Valley Steelhead (both endangered), Fall Run Chinook Salmon, and Pacific Lamprey. Mill Creek received its name in the 1840s by an explorer who proposed watermills be built along its course. Mill Creek is primarily in private ownership. Many of the property owners participate in the Mill Creek Conservancy, a 501(c)(3) organization formed in 1994 by local landowners, local community, and others committed to the continued protection and management of Mill Creek’s historically pristine ecosystem by promoting resource protection and compatible land usage through cooperative efforts between landowners, federal and state agencies and other stakeholders. Partners include the Los Molinos Mutual Water Company, California’s Department of Fish & Wildlife, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Nature Conservancy, and many other agencies and conservation organizations to create ongoing programs that protect and enhance the survival of Mill Creek’s threatened and endangered Chinook salmon and steelhead populations. Notes References California Department of Water Resources Klamath Resource Information System (PDF) Friends of the River Mill Creek Conservancy Rivers of Shasta County, California Rivers of Tehama County, California Tributaries of the Sacramento River Rivers of Northern California
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The is a pair of six-panel folding screens () by the Japanese artist , founder of the Hasegawa school of Japanese art. The precise date for the screens is not known, but they were clearly made in the late 16th century, in the Momoyama period, around 1595. The screens are held by the Tokyo National Museum, and were designated as a National Treasure of Japan in 1952. The ink-on-paper work depicts a view of Japanese pine trees in the mist, with parts of the trees visible and parts obscured, illustrating the Zen Buddhist concept of and evoking the Japanese aesthetic of rustic simplicity. They are said to be the first paintings of their scale to depict only trees as subject matter, although a white shape to the upper right of the left panel might suggest a background mountain peak. Each screen measures . Construction The screens are made of a relatively rough silk or paper medium, and form twelve panels consisting of six joined pieces of paper. Tōhaku used a straw brush to achieve the scale required of the screens. Some aspects of the screen's construction suggest that the piece may have been a preparatory work: the top and bottom pieces of joined paper on each screen are half the typical size used for screens; the sizes of paper used in each screen are slightly different, and the joins between the sheets are not completely regular. The seals for the artist's names, "Hasegawa" and "Tōhaku", do not use the usual forms. The trees on the far right of the right panel are cropped, suggesting that the order of the panels may have been altered or that some may have been replaced. Style of painting The work is a development of made with , using dark and light shades on a silk or paper medium. It combines naturalistic Chinese ideas of ink painting by Muqi Fachang () with themes from the Japanese landscape tradition, influenced by the works of Sesshū Tōyō. The painting makes use of the intended foldings of the screen in use to create perspective, with branches directed towards or away from the viewer. Though the paintings are based in Chinese ideas of ink painting, monochrome ink-wash paintings on such a large scale was a Japanese innovation never seen in China; here Tōhaku used a straw brush on relatively coarse paper to achieve the right brush effects on a large scale. See also List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings) References Japanese paintings 16th-century paintings National Treasures of Japan 1590s in Japan Byōbu Paintings in the collection of the Tokyo National Museum
{'title': 'Shōrin-zu byōbu', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Drin-zu%20by%C5%8Dbu', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Legs Diamond is the eponymous debut album by the American rock band Legs Diamond. In 1989, Kerrang! magazine listed the album at No. 33 among the "100 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time". Track listings 2000 Zoom Club CD version and 2007 Diamond Records CD version bonus track "Come with Me" (Legs Diamond) – 4:41 2018 Rock Candy Records CD version bonus tracks "Come with Me" (Album Outtake) "Rat Race" (1976 K-West Radio) "Thrill Seeker" (Demo) "High School Queen" (Demo) "Not Yours Not Mine" (Demo) "Deadly Dancer" (Demo) "One Way Ticket" (Demo) "Avalanche" (Demo) "Traces" (Demo) "Street Runner" (Demo) "Closer" (Demo) "Food for Thought" (Demo) Personnel Legs Diamond Rick Sanford – lead vocals, flute, percussion Roger Romeo – lead guitar, lead vocals Michael Prince – rhythm guitar, keyboards, vocals Michael "Diamond" Gargano – bass guitar Jeff Poole – drums, percussion Production Derek Lawrence – producer Peter Granet – engineer David Gertz – assistant engineer References 1976 debut albums Mercury Records albums Albums produced by Derek Lawrence Albums recorded at Wally Heider Studios
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Jaume Delgado Catevilla (born 13 May 1983), known simply as Jaume, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a midfielder. Football career Born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Jaume made his senior debut with local RCD Espanyol B. He spent the vast majority of his career with clubs from his native region, only leaving in the summer of 2006 when he signed with CD Logroñés and in the 2012 off-season when he joined Deportivo Alavés. In the 2012–13 campaign, Jaume was an ever-present figure for Alavés, appearing in 45 matches all competitions comprised (40 in the league including the playoffs) as his team achieved promotion to Segunda División. He made his professional debut on 16 August 2013 at the age of 30, in a 0–1 away defeat against Girona FC. References External links 1983 births Living people Footballers from Barcelona Spanish footballers Association football midfielders Segunda División players Segunda División B players RCD Espanyol B footballers UE Figueres footballers Terrassa FC footballers CD Logroñés footballers UE Lleida players Lleida Esportiu footballers Deportivo Alavés players CF Reus Deportiu players
{'title': 'Jaume Delgado', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaume%20Delgado', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Sanford Louis "Sandy" Palay (23 September 1918 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States – 5 August 2002 in Concord, Massachusetts, United States) was an American scientist and educator. Academic Background Palay received his bachelor's degree from Oberlin College. Upon graduation in 1940, he entered the School of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University to study bacteriology. He changed his mind, and decided to study medicine, later specializing in neuroscience. He applied for a summer fellowship during his first year of medical school and was accepted into the laboratory of Ernst and Berta Scharrer, where Palay carried out his first investigations. Palay's professional and personal association with the Scharrers continued throughout his career. After completing his M.D. degree in 1943, Palay spent a year as an intern at New Haven Hospital, while in the evenings continuing his research into neurosecretion at the Department of Anatomy at Yale University. At the end of his internship, he returned to Case Western Reserve, with appointments as a research and teaching fellow. World War II Ernst Scharrer suggested that Palay consider going to the Rockefeller Institute to work with Albert Claude, an early researcher into cell biology. However Palay was called up to serve with the Army Medical Corps in occupied Japan. This interrupted his scientific career, but he began a lifelong interest in Japanese art and culture. Scientific Research On his return from the forces, Palay took Ernst Scharrer's advice and went to the Rockefeller Institute to work with Albert Claude. They spent a year examining salivary gland chromosomes by electron microscopy, using formvar replicas. This was one of the few means available at that time for examining biological specimens by electron microscopy. National Institutes of Health Eventually Palay returned to Yale, where he was appointed first as an Instructor and then as an Assistant Professor of Anatomy, where he remained until his appointment as Chief of Neurocytology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. Later, he was promoted to the position of Chief of the Laboratory of Neuroanatomical Science, and while he was at the NIH, he continued his work on the ultrastructure of synapses, as well as studying neurosecretion and neuroglia. Harvard Medical School In 1961, Palay accepted an invitation to become the Bullard Professor of Neuroanatomy at Harvard Medical School. A dominant figure in the field of the fine structure of the nervous system, Palay and his colleagues improved the quality of preservation of central nervous tissue by the introduction of a method to fix central nervous tissue by perfusion with osmic acid. He and his wife Victoria Chan-Palay carried out detailed analyses of the cerebellum, and this work culminated in the publication of their book Cerebellar Cortex: Cytology and Organization (published in 1974). In 1970, he co-authored The Fine Structure of the Nervous System (with Alan Peters and Harry Webster) to serve as a guide in the analysis of electron micrographs of the nervous system; three editions have been published, the last one in 1991. Boston College After his retirement from Harvard, Palay accepted a position as Distinguished Scholar-in-Residence in the Department of Biology at Boston College. Even when his health began to decline, Palay taught until the spring of 2002; his students visiting his home for their seminars. He also served on several graduate student thesis committees during this period, and shared his expertise in neurocytology with the Biology Faculty at Boston College. In 1980, he agreed to become the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Comparative Neurology, which he edited for fourteen years; even after his retirement from Harvard in 1989, he continued as Editor-in-Chief, doing his work in the basement of his home in Concord. He also served on the editorial boards of scientific publications as the Journal of Neurocytology, the Journal of Cell Biology, Neuroscience, Brain Research, Experimental Brain Research, Experimental Neurology and Ultrastructural Research. Awards In 1982 he was awarded the Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience. References Sources http://www.aps-pub.com/proceedings/1484/480412.pdf External links Yale University faculty Science teachers Case Western Reserve University alumni People from Concord, Massachusetts Scientists from Cleveland Oberlin College alumni American neuroscientists Medical educators Harvard Medical School faculty Boston College faculty 20th-century American educators 1918 births 2002 deaths Academic journal editors United States Army Medical Corps officers Military personnel from Massachusetts
{'title': 'Sanford Palay', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford%20Palay', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Lord George Graham (26 September 1715 – 2 January 1747) was a Scottish officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the War of the Austrian Succession. He embarked on a political career, and was a Member of Parliament. Graham was born into the nobility, the younger son of a duke, and embarked on a naval career early in his life. Rising through the ranks, he was given his first commands early in the War of the Austrian Succession, and served in the Mediterranean and in escorting convoys. He entered parliament through the influence of his father, and represented the Scottish constituency of Stirlingshire from 1741 until his death. He was a Whig and a political supporter of the Duke of Argyll. Turning down the command of a ship of the line in favour of a frigate, Graham won renown for a victory over several powerful privateers and their prizes. Rewarded with a larger ship, he also commissioned a painting from William Hogarth to commemorate the event, Captain Lord George Graham in his Cabin. He continued in the navy, intercepting privateers and enemy ships, but was struck down with a severe illness, and despite moving ashore, died in 1747. Family and early life Lord George Graham was born on 26 September 1715, the son of James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose, and his wife Christian, the daughter of David Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Northesk. He entered the navy at an early age and served at first as a midshipman from 1730, and was promoted to lieutenant in 1734. He was given a command in 1739, when he was appointed to the fireship HMS Mercury and sent out to the Mediterranean to join Sir Nicholas Haddock's fleet. He held the command until 15 March 1740, when he was promoted to captain. He was appointed to command the 40-gun HMS Lark in 1741 with orders to escort a convoy of merchants bound for Turkey. He does not appear to have held the command long, for by late 1741 Lark was under the command of Captain Rupert Waring, escorting a convoy to the West Indies. Graham combined his naval career with a political one, and using the influence of his father, was returned for Stirlingshire as an opposition Whig in 1741. He was one of a number of Scottish MPs who gathered together under John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll to oppose the administration, and were known as the Duke of Argyll's gang. As part of this faction Graham voted against the administration in 1742 and 1744. He also spoke out against the decision to court-martial Admiral Thomas Mathews in the spring of 1745, defending him in a vigorous debate over his actions at the inconclusive Battle of Toulon. Command Graham was appointed to command the 60-gun in 1745, but turned it down, preferring an active cruising frigate to a ship of the line. He was instead offered the 24-gun HMS Bridgewater and cruised in the English Channel. While cruising in the Channel off Ostend on 2 July, in company with the 24-gun under Captain William Gordon, and the armed vessel Ursula under Lieutenant Fergusson, he came across three large privateers from Dunkirk, sailing in company with their prizes. The French privateers were the 28-gun Royal, 26-gun Duchesse de Penthierre, and a 12-gun dogger. They had taken seven prizes, and were taking them into Dunkirk. The British force attacked them early in the morning of 3 July. After a fierce fight lasting until 4.am, four of the prizes surrendered to the Sheerness, the Royal and Duchesse de Penthierre struck their colours to the Bridgewater, and the Ursula captured the remaining three prizes. The dogger managed to escape. For his success in the engagement, Graham was commended to the First Lord of the Admiralty, John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, and was given command of a larger ship, the 60-gun . Hogarth's portrait Shortly after the engagement Graham commissioned William Hogarth to paint as a conversation picture a cabin portrait to celebrate his victory, probably using the cabin of the Nottingham as a setting. Hogarth painted Graham smoking his pipe in his cabin before dinner, while listening to pipe and tabor music played by his black servant, while his chaplain and clerk sing. Two dogs are visible, one is Graham's own, which joins in the singing. The other is Trump, Hogarth's dog, which is shown wearing Graham's wig, holding a scroll, and reading from a sheet of music propped against a wine glass. A steward, holding a plate of fowl, looks out of the painting at the viewer with a smile, and drops gravy down the back of the chaplain's neck. The painting has several political and social allusions in Hogarth's satirical style. Cabin scenes in oil are rare, and Hogarth's is considered by the current owner, the National Maritime Museum, to be the most famous in British art. Last deployments The Nottingham was attached to the fleet in the Downs under Admiral Edward Vernon that winter, and cruised with a squadron in the Bay of Biscay the following year. Some of Graham's later actions included the capture of the privateer Hermine on 29 September 1746, and the sinking of the privateer Bacchus. He was deployed off the north of Scotland in April 1746 to intercept any French vessels that might attempt to rescue survivors of the failed Jacobite rising, and so missed the political debates in parliament that month, though he was classed as a "new ally". Death and legacy Graham appears to have been taken ill during his time at sea, and he went ashore at Bristol. His brother, William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose came to meet him there in October, but Lord George Graham's health declined further, and he died at Bath on 2 January 1747. John Charnock concluded his biography of Graham with the observation that "from a multitude of concurrent testimonies he appears to have been an officer that attained a great share of popularity, and was indeed, very deservedly, the idol of all seamen who knew him, as well on the account of the high opinion entertained of his gallantry, of an invincible fund of good humour, which latter quality conciliated the affections of men in the same degree that the first related excited their admiration and esteem." His group portrait by Hogarth survived him, and is now held in the collections of the National Maritime Museum. Notes a. It has been difficult to determine which son he was. The Dictionary of National Biography and John Charnock's Biographia Navalis state he was the fourth son, while Sedgwick's The History of Parliament instead has him as the seventh. A number of other sons appear to have died in infancy, and Lord George was one of the few to reach adulthood. b. Some sources, such as Charnock's Biographia Navalis and John Knox Laughton in the Dictionary of National Biography have the promotion accompanied by an appointment to command the 40-gun on the Newfoundland station as Commodore-Governor. Winfield's British Warships in the Age of Sail considers the appointment to Adventure "unlikely", noting that by 1740 Adventure was a hulk. The website of Government House, Newfoundland and Labrador, dismisses the claim that Graham was governor, noting that there is "no evidence to support this appointment", and that the governor in 1740 was Henry Medley. Citations References 1715 births 1747 deaths Royal Navy officers British MPs 1741–1747 Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies Younger sons of dukes
{'title': 'Lord George Graham', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20George%20Graham', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The 4th JOOX Thailand Music Awards was an awarding ceremony presented by JOOX Thailand, giving recognition to the Thai entertainment industry in the field of music for their achievements in the year 2019. Aside from the usual music categories, a set of lifestyle categories were also introduced for the first time in partnership with Sanook. Nominees in 12 out of 14 main categories and 5 special categories were voted upon by fans through the JOOX app while only the special categories through the Sanook website. Voting period started on 13 February 2020 at 10:00 ICT and ended on 8 March 2020 at 23:59 ICT. The nominees in the remaining 2 main categories were determined by their number of streams via the app. Originally scheduled for Wednesday, 25 March 2020 at Central World Plaza, the awards night was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was later held online on Wednesday, 1 July 2020 through the JOOX app and Sanook website. The event was hosted by Niti Chaichitathorn and Thanakorn Chinnakul. Awards Nominations were announced on 12 February 2020. Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold: Main (Music) Special (Lifestyle) Multiple nominations and awards References 2020 Joox Music events postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic
{'title': '2020 Joox Thailand Music Awards', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20Joox%20Thailand%20Music%20Awards', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Anthony Conrad George (born January 7, 1938) is a Grenadian artist known for being the designer of the Grenadian National Flag. He resides in both London, England, and in mainland Grenada, where he grew up from the age of 10. A prolific artist, in 1973 George entered a national design contest preparing for the Independence of Grenada in 1974. The contest allowed entrants to submit designs for a new National Flag and Coat of Arms with Motto, George won both competitions. However, he was not to receive full recognition for his designs until some 30 years later. Early life and education George was born the second of five children of Florence Stiell and John Soloman George in L'Esterre, Carriacou, a small Island just off the coast of Grenada. He attended his aunt's private school up to the age of 10, then he moved with his parents to mainland Grenada in 1948 to continue his education at the St. Andrew's Roman Catholic school. In 1959, he migrated in pursuit of higher education to England, where he attended various colleges and polytechnic institutions. After his graduation in education, fine and commercial arts he returned to Grenada in 1969 where he taught at St. Joseph's Convent and other schools in St. George's, as well as Paraclete Government School in the parish. Community and charitable work In September 1973, he was assigned to the Independence Secretariat to serve on four committees in preparation for the forthcoming Independence of Grenada in 1974. 1991 saw George serving Grenada as senior sales representative for the UK and Europe. In 1992, he served as executive manager with the Ministry of Works, on the Eastern Main Road Project, funded by the European Union. In Grenada, he dedicated his time to serving the community through various charitable organizations; including The Society of St. Vincent de Paul and The Rotary Club. He also served on every committee of The St. Andrew's Development Organization (SADO). Recognition In 2007 Anthony C George was listed in the Queens New Years Honours List. He awarded the British Empire Medal for services to art and culture. In 2009 Mrs. Patricia Antoine-Clyne, Accountant General in the Ministry of Finance, and the Chairperson of The Grenada Postal Corporation, arranged for commemorative stamps to be made in George's honour in time for the 35th celebrations of Grenada's Independence. In April of that year Anthony C George was invited to a reception at Buckingham Palace by the Queen in commemoration of the 60th Anniversary of the Commonwealth. On February 6, 2012, a street in Soubise, St Andrew Parish was named A.C George Road in Anthony's honour. In August 2012 George received the Diamond Jubilee Medal from the Governor-General in Grenada for Community Services and Nation Building. On October 23, 2013, George and the High Commissioner of Grenada presented Crawley Museum with flags and gifts to commemorate the town's first St George's Day Parade. George was the honoured guest of Houston, Texas, in their 40th celebrations of Grenadian Independence on February 8, 2014. He was designated guest speaker at the 3rd annual Scholarship Gala of the Grenada Houston Association, he was also awarded the prestigious honour of the "Heroism Award". The Grenada Houston Association have also proposed a scholarship fund in his name. Personal life George is married with five children and five grandchildren. In October 2013 he published his memoirs, Beyond Belief. External links Official website (interview) "Interview with Grenada National Flag designer Anthony C George", YouTube. References 1938 births Contemporary painters Grenadian artists Recipients of the British Empire Medal Living people Postmodern artists People from Carriacou and Petite Martinique Grenadian expatriates in the United Kingdom Flag designers
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The eleventh season of La Voz premiered in June 6, 2022 on Azteca Uno. The coaching panel is formed by David Bisbal, Yuridia, Ha*Ash and Joss Favela, who replaced María José, Miguel Bosé, Edith Márquez and Jesús Navarro. Eddy Vilard and Sofía Aragón both returned for their third season as hosts. On Monday, August 29, 2022, Fátima Elizondo was announced the winner and crowned La Voz México 2022, alongside her coach Yuridia. Yuridia became the second coach, after Carlos Rivera in season seven, to win the show after both being participants of TV Azteca's musical reality La Academia. Coaches Prior to filming starting in April 2022, reporter Pati Chapoy leaked that Yuridia and musical sister duo Ha*Ash would be coaches of this new season. Days later, they were officially confirmed by the TV network alongside the announcement of David Bisbal and Joss Favela, who had coached the third season and fourth kids version season, respectively. Teams Color key Winner Runner-up Third place Fourth place Eliminated in the Final Phase Eliminated in the Top 3 Stolen in the Battles Eliminated in the Battles Stolen in the Knockouts Eliminated in the Knockouts Withdrew Blind auditions In the Blind auditions, each coach had to complete their team with 30 contestants. In this season, contestants who fail to pass the blind audition will leave the stage without a conversation with coaches being returned. Also, each coach had given four Blocks to prevent one of the other coaches from getting a contestant. Episode 1 (June 6) At the beginning of the episode, Ha*Ash performed "Perdón, Perdón", David Bisbal performed "Dígale", Joss Favela performed "Te hubieras ido antes" and Yuridia performed "Ya es muy tarde". Episode 2 (June 7) During the episode, David Bisbal performed "Se nos rompió el amor" and Yuridia performed "Ya te olvidé". Episode 3 (June 13) During the episode, David Bisbal performed "Abriré la puerta" and Joss Favela performed "Gato de madrugada". Episode 4 (June 14) During the episode, Ha*Ash performed "Te Dejo en Libertad" and Yuridia performed "Amigos no por favor". Episode 5 (June 20) During the episode, Ha*Ash performed "Lo aprendí de ti" and Yuridia performed "La duda". Episode 6 (June 21) During the episode, David Bisbal performed "El Ruido" and Ha*Ash performed "Estés Donde Estés". Episode 7 (June 27) During the episode, Joss Favela performed "Egoista" and Yuridia performed "Te equivocaste". Episode 8 (June 28) During the episode, David Bisbal performed "Mi Princesa" and Ha*Ash performed "¿Qué Hago Yo?". Knockouts The knockouts round started July 4. Contrary to the last three seasons, each coach groups their artist into pairs. One artist of the pair will advance to the battles while other coaches can steal the loser. In this round, coaches can steal three losing artists from other coaches. Contestants who win their knockout or are stolen by another coach advance to the Battles. Battles The battles round started July 18. In this round, coaches can steal three losing artists from other coaches. Contestants who win their battle or are stolen by another coach advance to the Top 3 round. Top 3 The Top 3 round started on August 1. Contrary to the previous three seasons, each coach had to make three groups of four artists from their team to compete during a span of 3 episodes. At the end of all four performances, the coach could only advance with one of the artists to form the Top 3. At the end of this round, the artist chosen in each episode, advanced into the Semifinal. Final phase Day 1: Semifinal (August 22) In the Semifinal, the twelve remaining participants performed in order to become one of their coach's choice to advance into the Finale. Each coach advanced with two artists, with the third member being eliminated. Day 2: Finale (August 29) The Finale was prerecorded. In the first round, the participants sang a solo song. Following those performances, each coach had to choose one artist to advance to the second round. In the second round, the four finalists performed a duet with their coach. The show's production shot four different winning results (one per finalist), but only the chosen winner by the public at home one was shown on TV. First round Second round Elimination chart Color key Artist's info Result details Artists who appeared on other shows or in previous seasons Adrianna Foster participated in the first season of La Voz U.S. on team Guzmán. Sebastián Espejo auditioned in the ninth season, but failed to turn any chairs. Dania González participated in La Apuesta on team Pepe Aguilar and in the second season of Pequeños gigantes José María Ortega participated in the first season El Retador Mx Anyelique Solorio participated in the third season of Pequeños gigantes Alfonsina Aguirre participated in the second season Rojo, el color del talento. Joel Anaya participated in the fourth season of La Voz... México on team Ricky. Víctor Bermant auditioned in the first season of La Voz... Kids, but failed to turn any chairs. References Mexico Azteca Uno original programming 2022 Mexican television seasons
{'title': 'La Voz (Mexican season 11)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Voz%20%28Mexican%20season%2011%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The 1874 Atlantic hurricane season was a relatively inactive one, in which seven tropical cyclones developed. Four storms intensified into hurricanes, but none attained major hurricane (Category 3+) status. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. The first storm of the season developed on July 2, and the final storm was last sighted on November 4, while situated just to the north of the Bahamas. Most of the systems directly impacted land. A tropical storm that developed in the Bay of Campeche during the month of September destroyed the Brazos Santiago lighthouse. in the state of Texas. The sixth storm of the season, and also the third hurricane, made landfall in Florida as a Category 1 hurricane before making a second landfall in South Carolina at the same intensity. The seventh, final, and strongest system of the season developed in the Caribbean on the last day of October, and made landfall in Jamaica as a Category 2 hurricane before weakening to a tropical storm by the time it made a second landfall in Eastern Cuba. The storm was last sighted to the north of the Bahamas on November 4, as a Category 1 hurricane. Season summary The Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) officially recognizes seven tropical cyclones from the 1874 season. Four storms attained hurricane status, with winds of or greater. The seventh hurricane of the season was the most intense, with maximum sustained winds up to . The first storm of the season was a tropical storm that formed in the Gulf of Mexico during the month of July. The system made landfall near Galveston, Texas on July 5, although it is unknown whether any damages or fatalities were caused as a result of the storm. The second and third systems of the season were both hurricanes, with winds up to respectively. The first system made landfall in Newfoundland as a tropical storm. In early September, another tropical system developed in the Bay of Campeche and made landfall in Northeast Mexico with winds up to . The fifth storm of the season formed northeast of the Bahamas on September 8, and moved northward before turning to the north-northeast. It was last sighted to the south of Newfoundland on September 11. The next system developed in the western Caribbean on the last day of October, before crossing over the Yucatan Peninsula and making landfall in Florida as a Category 1 hurricane. The storm briefly weakened to a tropical storm over the state before restrengthening into a hurricane off the coast of Georgia. It made a second landfall in South Carolina on September 28, and became extratropical on September 30, while moving across the northeast. This was the first hurricane to ever be shown on a weather map. The seventh, and final, hurricane of the season was also the most intense of the year. It developed several hundred miles north of Panama on the last day of October, before striking Jamaica as a Category 2 hurricane. It weakened to a tropical storm before making landfall in Eastern Cuba, but later strengthened into a hurricane again while north of the Bahamas, where it was last sighted on November 4. Timeline Systems Tropical Storm One On July 2, a tropical storm reportedly developed in the Gulf of Mexico, while located a couple of hundred miles to the south of the Florida Panhandle. Moving westward, the tropical storm steadily strengthened to reach a peak intensity of on July 3. Holding steady in strength, the tropical storm made landfall near Galveston, Texas on July 5, and then rapidly dissipated shortly after moving inland that same day. In Indianola, Texas, the storm blew down fledgling settlements and sank ships, seriously hindering coastal trade. Hurricane Two On August 3, a tropical storm developed in the open Atlantic, several hundred miles from any landmasses. Slowly gaining strength, the system reached hurricane status and a peak intensity of while located just northeast of the island of Bermuda on August 5. The system weakened back to a tropical storm on August 7, and made landfall on Newfoundland the same day, with maximum sustained winds up to . It dissipated shortly afterwards. Hurricane Three On August 29, a tropical storm developed a few hundred miles to the west of the Cape Verde Islands. Moving towards the west-northwest, the storm steadily gained strength, and reached hurricane strength at 0000 UTC September 2 (8 p.m. AST September 1). On September 6, the storm reached a peak intensity of . Moving just to the west of Bermuda, the storm began to turn more northerly, and transitioned into an extratropical system the following day. On September 8, the storm made landfall in Newfoundland as an extratropical storm. Tropical Storm Four On September 2, a tropical storm developed in the Bay of Campeche. Moving generally towards the west-northwest, the storm reached a peak intensity of on September 4, while approaching landfall in northeastern Mexico. Shortly thereafter, the storm made landfall and quickly weakened into a tropical depression. Moving northward through Central Texas, the storm dissipated on September 7, while located to the southwest of the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas area. The storm was responsible for destroying the Brazos Santiago lighthouse and for one fatality. Tropical Storm Five On September 8, a tropical storm was observed to the northeast of the Bahamas. Moving towards the west-northwest, the tropical storm held its intensity of as it passed between North Carolina and Bermuda. Turning towards the northeast, it was last observed to the south of Newfoundland on September 11. Hurricane Six On September 25, a tropical storm developed in the western Caribbean, north of Honduras. Upon making landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula shortly afterwards, the storm briefly weakened into a tropical depression. However, when it emerged into the Gulf of Mexico, it attained tropical storm status once again. Steadily gaining strength, the storm reached hurricane status on September 28, after reports from the ship "Emma D. Finney" indicated such. It made landfall near Cedar Key, Florida several hours later, with an estimated minimum central pressure of . The storm was briefly downgraded into a tropical storm over the central portion of the state, but strengthened into a hurricane again after exiting near Jacksonville, Florida and crossing the Gulf Stream. It hit South Carolina as a hurricane that same day, with the centre passing just east of Charleston and west of Wilmington. In North Carolina, Virginia, and several other states to the north, there were reports of trees being brought down, and shipping disrupted. At Smithville(Southport) several houses, warehouses, telegraph lines and railroad bridges were destroyed. The storm lost hurricane status for a final time over eastern North Carolina. Moving on a north-northeast track, it moved into the northeast United States and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 30, while over the state of Maine. On October 1, it dissipated over eastern Canada. This was also the first hurricane ever to be recorded on a weather map by the U.S. Weather Bureau. Hurricane Seven On October 31, a tropical storm developed to the north of Panama. Moving towards the east-northeast, the storm attained hurricane status on November 1, while situated just south of Jamaica. Upon making landfall in the island nation on November 2, the storm strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane with winds, becoming the strongest system of the 1874 season. Reports from Kingston, Jamaica spoke of 17 vessels being wrecked or destroyed by the storm. After crossing Jamaica, the system weakened into a Category 1 hurricane and then further into a tropical storm upon making landfall in eastern Cuba. On November 3, the system emerged in the Bahamas, and strengthened into a hurricane once again the following day. On November 4, the storm was last sighted to the northeast of the Bahamas. See also Atlantic hurricane season List of Newfoundland hurricanes Tropical cyclone observation Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project References External links Monthly Weather Review HURDAT Data for the 1874 Atlantic hurricane season Atlantic hurricane seasons Articles which contain graphical timelines Atlantic Atlantic
{'title': '1874 Atlantic hurricane season', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1874%20Atlantic%20hurricane%20season', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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"Cry Baby" is a song by Japanese band Official Hige Dandism, released as a digital single on May 7, 2021. The song was used as the opening theme song to the first season of the anime adaptation of Tokyo Revengers. Background and release The full version of "Cry Baby" was first played on April 24, 2021 on the FM802 radio program . The song was later released digitally on May 7, 2021. It was used as the opening theme song to the anime adaptation of Tokyo Revengers, which was broadcast from April 11 to September 19, 2021. To promote "Cry Baby", throughout July and August 2021, Official Hige Dandism performed the song on the music shows , the 2021 FNS Music Festival, , and CDTV Live! Live! Music video The music video was directed by and depicts the members of the band playing their instruments in a junkyard. A teaser for the music video was released on May 3, 2021. Reception In May 2021, "Cry Baby" reached 22,068 downloads. In September 2021, "Cry Baby" was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. In November 2021, "Cry Baby" reached No. 1 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. It also reached No. 1 on the Billboard Japan Hot Animation for three consecutive weeks. In addition, it reached No. 1 on the karaoke charts, No. 2 on video views, No. 5 on the download charts, and No. 6 on the radio charts. In December 2021, "Cry Baby" had been streamed over 2 million times. Karaoke chain Joysound reported that "Cry Baby" was the second most requested anime song of 2021. The music video for "Cry Baby" won Best Video of the Year and Best Group Video in the Japan category at the 2021 MTV Video Music Awards Japan. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Sales and certifications Awards Cover versions The official YouTube channel for the anime adaptation of Tokyo Revengers released a video of Mikey's voice actor, Yū Hayashi, performing a cover of "Cry Baby" on October 11, 2021. References 2021 singles 2021 songs Anime songs Japanese-language songs Official Hige Dandism songs
{'title': 'Cry Baby (Official Hige Dandism song)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry%20Baby%20%28Official%20Hige%20Dandism%20song%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Fijian coup d'état of December 2006 was a coup d'état in Fiji carried out by Commodore Frank Bainimarama, Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF), against Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase and President Josefa Iloilo. It was the culmination of a political crisis that started the previous year, when the Qarase government introduced three bills to the Fijian Parliament. The Qoliqoli, Land Tribunal, and Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bills dealt with the ongoing ethnic conflicts in Fiji and the aftermath of the 2000 coup, and were considered to be pro-ethnic Fijian. Bainimarama presented the government with a list of demands on October 16 that included withdrawing the bills. Attempts at negotiation failed and the military launched the coup on 4 December. Parliament was dissolved, Qarase and his cabinet were dismissed, and some civilian officials were placed under house arrest. After the Great Council of Chiefs refused to appoint a cabinet friendly to the military, Bainimarama reached an understanding with Iloilo and reinstated him as President on 4 January 2007. Iloilo then appointed Bainimarama acting Prime Minister in charge of the Interim Cabinet. Bainimarama stated that he launched the coup in order to "lead us into peace and prosperity and mend the ever widening racial divide that currently besets our multicultural nation". Australian journalist Hamish McDonald described it as "a revolution against the country's chiefly and church establishment". There was strong criticism of the coup by many domestic observers, but public protests were much more muted than in 2000. Australia and New Zealand condemned the coup, and several international organizations imposed penalties on Fiji. Debates over the constitutionality of the coup continued until 2009, when the High Court of Fiji ruled the coup unconstitutional, precipitating the 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis. Background Ethnic tensions in Fiji While Fiji was a British colony, the Colonial Sugar Refining Company brought large numbers of indentured Indian laborers to the islands to work on their sugar plantations. As of 2012, descendants of these laborers make up about half of the population, but before 1987 they outnumbered Indigenous Fijians. Despite being a minority, ethnic Fijians under conservative Prime Minister Kamisese Mara ran all of Fiji's governments from independence until 1987, when Labour Party politician Timoci Bavadra was elected in coalition with the Indo-Fijian National Federation Party. Tensions between ethnic Fijians and Indo-Fijians were strong, and fearing the loss of indigenous Fijian power, Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka launched a pair of coups that overthrew Bavadra, made Fiji a republic, and returned Mara to office. Mara would continue to serve as prime minister and later president until 2000. In 1997, the conservative government acceded to pressure and enacted a new constitution that ended many of the discriminatory laws against Indo-Fijians. Elections under the new constitution were held in 1999, and Mahendra Chaudhry became the first Indo-Fijian to be elected Prime Minister. However, hardline Fijian ethnic nationalists led by George Speight took Chaudhry hostage and attempted to install Speight as interim Prime Minister. In the chaos that followed, Chief Justice Timoci Tuivaga and other judges advised RFMF commander Frank Bainimarama to take control on the basis of "necessity". Bainimarama then declared martial law, revoked the 1997 constitution, and declared himself head of state. Bainimarama made Josefa Iloilo the interim prime minister until elections were held the following year; these were won by Laisenia Qarase, an ethnic Fijian. The military put Speight and his co-conspirators on trial for treason and most are now serving life in prison. Because indigenous Fijians are majority Methodist Christian and Indo-Fijians are majority Hindu, religious differences often play a key role in ethnic struggles. The Methodist Church in Fiji has frequently played a significant role in politics – senior leaders supported the coup of 2000 and the subsequent proposal to pardon those involved. Even the possibility of declaring Fiji a theocratic Christian state was proposed in the past. This had brought Bainimarama in conflict with the Methodist church in the past. Political crisis and escalation A long-running conflict between the Qarase government and the military under Bainimarama resulted from three bills under consideration by the Fijian parliament: the Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill, Qoliqoli Bill and the Land Tribunal Bill. Perhaps the most significant of these was the RTU bill, which would have granted an amnesty to some of those under investigation for participation in the 2000 coup, including some of Qarase's own ministers. The Qoliqoli Bill proposed to hand control of seabed resources to ethnic Fijians. A truce was brokered by Vice-President Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi on 16 January 2006, but relations between the government and the military remained strained. On 22 September 2006, Commodore Bainimarama attacked government policies in a speech at Ratu Latianara Secondary School. News service Fiji Village reported that he claimed that government leniency towards perpetrators of the 2000 coup had created a culture of disrespect for the law, to which he attributed the increasing incidents of rape, homicide, and desecration of Hindu temples. He also criticized the Methodist Church for supporting the government. The next day Prime Minister Qarase accused the Commodore's statements of being unconstitutional, and announced his intention to refer the matter to the Supreme Court for a judgement on the proper role of the military. The Methodist Church also reacted strongly to the Commodore's suggestion that government policies could take Fiji back to paganism and cannibalism. Reverend Ame Tugaue, the General Secretary of the Church, commented that the Commander appeared to be ignoring the fact that it was the influence of Christianity that had abolished cannibalism in Fiji. On 25 September, military spokesman Major Neumi Leweni said that the government's proposed court action was a threat to the nation, and that the military was united in its resolve to prosecute persons implicated in the 2000 coup and in its opposition to the RTU bill. He also reiterated the opposition of the military to the Qoliqoli Bill. The Fiji Sun quoted Bainimarama on 25 September as saying that his speech at Ratu Latianara Secondary School had been based on the advice of United States General John Brown. The same afternoon, however, United States Ambassador Larry Dinger told the Fiji Village News that Bainimarama had misunderstood Brown's intentions. The military must never challenge the rule of a constitutional government, Dinger insisted. Brown feels that his words of encouragement were misconstrued and may have led to the coup. Leweni subsequently denied that the Fijian military stance on the Qoliqoli Bill had been influenced by Brown. Major Leweni called on the Qarase government to resign on 6 October 2006, saying that the government had lost all semblance of credibility, integrity and honesty and that the country was sinking into an economic and financial abyss. Ultimatum and failed negotiations On 16 October 2006, Bainimarama issued an ultimatum for the government to meet nine demands or resign by 1 December. The nine demands mainly centered around: the 2000 coup proponents being brought to justice; withdrawing any political machinations which would potentially further economic inequality based on racial grounds; denying intervention by foreign authority (mentioning by name Police Commissioner Andrew Hughes, an Australian national); dropping the court proceedings regarding the military's statements from earlier in the year and formally addressing concerns about government spending and internal governance. A week and a half later, on 31 October 2006, the military staged exercises around Suva and closed off the city's army barracks. The military said that the exercises were not threatening. In response, Qarase and President Iloilo attempted to fire Bainimarama, who was in Iraq inspecting Fijian peacekeeping troops. Qarase reportedly told Iloilo that the government would step down if Bainimarama was not removed. Nonetheless, their nominee for his replacement declined the position and Major Leweni said the Army remained loyal to Bainimarama. Bainimarama in response repeated his call for the government to meet his demands or step down. On 4 November, Qarase suspended amnesty provisions for the leaders of the 2000 coup from the RTU Bill, saying that they will investigate further whether the provisions were unconstitutional. Up to this point, this was the only concession made to the military's demands. On 26 November Police Commissioner Hughes announced that Bainimarama would be charged with sedition while he was on a private trip to New Zealand. Bainimarama then called up 1,000 reserve troops. New Zealand's Minister of Foreign Affairs Winston Peters invited Qarase to New Zealand in order to negotiate with Bainimarama. The night before the meeting, Bainimarama said "It's very simple. He [Qarase] comes with a yes or a no to our demands, full stop. He's going to be wasting his time debating issues with me. The meeting's going to be the shortest meeting he's ever attended in his life." The meeting lasted two hours, and no resolution was reached. Both men returned to Fiji after the meeting. Qarase announced concessions to some of the demands: he agreed to suspend the three bills and to drop them altogether if a review found them unconstitutional; he recognized that the 2000 coup had been illegal; he accepted the decision by the Director of Public Prosecutions not to lay sedition charges against military leaders; and he agreed to review the position of the Police Commissioner Hughes. Bainimarama rejected this compromise and reiterated his ultimatum that Qarase must accept all demands by noon the following day or be overthrown by the military. After the deadline passed on 1 December, Qarase claimed that the deadline had been extended until 3 December, due to the annual rugby union game played between the National Police and the military, but Bainimarama denied that there was an extension. He said he intended to begin a "clean up" campaign of government. Qarase and his government moved to secret locations. On 3 December, Bainimarama announced that he had taken control of Fiji, but Qarase emerged from hiding and said he was still in charge. Radio New Zealand reported on 3 December that Fiji's civil service was still taking its instructions from the civilian administration, and quoted Stuart Huggett, the head of the civil service, as anticipating no change to that. Events of the coup On 4 December, after weeks of preparations, the military launched the coup. They confiscated arms from the headquarters of the armed police division in Nasinu and the Nasova Police Academy in Suva. The armed forces held public demonstrations around the capital and blocked the road from Naitasiri province, where Prime Minister Qarase was attending a provincial council meeting. The Prime Minister had to use a helicopter to bypass the checkpoints and return to his home in central Suva. On the morning of the 5th, armed troops began to surround the offices of government ministers and place them under house arrest, confiscating their phones and vehicles. Qarase announced that he would not resign and attempted to call a cabinet meeting at the government house to discuss the military's demands. However, neither he nor the other government ministers arrived. He asked New Zealand and Australian governments for military assistance, but this was declined. New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark said "Our judgment is that this would make the situation worse, and it is not a step we are contemplating". After meeting with Commodore Bainimarama in the morning, Iloilo was reported to have signed a legal order dissolving Parliament, citing the doctrine of necessity, and paving the way for the formation of an interim administration. He later denied having signed such an order and condemned the military takeover, and exiled Police Commissioner Hughes accused Rupeni Nacewa, the President's secretary, of having fabricated the decree. In the event, soldiers entered the Parliament and disbanded the meeting of Senators discussing a motion to condemn the coup. Bainimarama announced on 6 December that the military had taken control of the government as executive authority in the running of the country. In addition to President Iloilo and Prime Minister Qarase, Bainimarama dismissed a number of public servants. This included Vice-President Joni Madraiwiwi, Police Commissioner Andrew Hughes and his acting replacement Moses Driver, Assistant Police Commissioner Kevueli Bulamainaivalu, chairman Stuart Huggett and chief executive Anare Jale of the Public Service Commission, Solicitor General Nainendra Nand, chief executive of the Prime Minister's Office Jioji Kotobalavu, and Supervisor of Elections Semesa Karavaki. Media censorship On 5 December, the Fiji Times (Fiji's largest newspaper) refused to publish the next day's edition, citing military interference. Soldiers had occupied the premises and warned against publishing "propaganda" from the deposed government. They insisted that they be allowed to monitor news content and demanded approval rights for editorial material, as well as access to news sources. The Daily Post also reported receiving military threats and closed for a while after the coup. Fiji TV, also under pressure from the military, pulled its late evening news bulletin from the air. Fiji TV announced it would not run any more news bulletins until it was satisfied the army would not interfere in its content. It was reported that the military entered the premises of state radio station Fiji Broadcasting Corporation; due to reported military scrutiny of its news scripts the radio station has closed down. On 6 December, the military allowed Fiji Times Limited to resume publication without any interference from its armed forces. Formation of the Interim Cabinet Announcing he had toppled the elected government and taken control on 5 December, Bainimarama said he was assuming the presidency until the following week when the Great Council of Chiefs (GCC) would meet, who would then have the authority to appoint an interim government. In the meantime, he appointed Jona Senilagakali, a 77-year-old military doctor, to serve as caretaker prime minister. Senilagakali stated that he had no choice but to take the job after being ordered to do so. However, the GCC slammed Bainimarama's "illegal, unconstitutional" activities and cancelled their planned meeting. Bainimarama told a press conference on 15 December that he would agree to attend the forthcoming meeting only in his capacity as President of the Republic. When Bainimarama was told that the Great Council still recognized Ratu Josefa Iloilo as President, he responded that his caretaker government could rule for 50 years if the GCC continued to hold off appointing a new president of Fiji who would swear in a military-backed government. Bainimarama also dismissed Adi Litia Qionibaravi as head of the Fijian Affairs Board that convenes meeting of the Great Council of Chiefs. The Great Council did meet in the third week of December, but failed to persuade the military to relinquish power. It proposed the formation of an interim government representing all major political and social factions in Fiji, but this was rejected by the military, which announced on 27 December that the GCC would be banned from holding further meetings without military approval. On 4 January 2007, Bainimarama restored Iloilo to the Presidency. Iloilo then made a broadcast endorsing the actions of the military. The next day, he formally appointed Bainimarama as the interim Prime Minister. An Interim Cabinet was subsequently appointed. Reactions Reaction to the coup and the new Interim Cabinet was mixed. The National Alliance Party of Ratu Epeli Ganilau (a former Military commander) welcomed the appointment, as did Himat Lodhia, of the Fiji Chamber of Commerce, and Felix Anthony, general secretary of the Fiji Trades Union Congress. Fiji Labour Party leader Mahendra Chaudhry was more inclined to reserve judgement, while deposed Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase condemned the appointment, saying it amounted to establishing a military dictatorship. United Peoples Party leader Mick Beddoes also criticized it, as did Pramod Rae, general secretary of the National Federation Party, who said that Bainimarama's dual positions of Prime Minister and military commander created a conflict of interest. Fiji Law Society president Devanesh Sharma described the appointment as unconstitutional, while Winston Peters, New Zealand's Minister of Foreign Affairs, also condemned it as a "charade" that would fool nobody. The Interim Cabinet received support from the Fiji Human Rights Commission (FHRC) and its chairwoman Shaista Shameem. Shameen agreed with Commodore Bainimarama's views regarding Prime Minister Qarase's allegedly racist and divisive policies. In 2007, the FHRC commissioned an inquiry into the 2006 general election (which had seen Qarase re-elected as prime minister), intended to reveal whether it had truly been "free and fair". The Commission of Inquiry delivered a report which "identifie[d] deficiencies and anomalies at every stage of the election process". More specifically, the report stated that Indo-Fijian voters were provided with incorrect information regarding the voting process, that they were mis-registered in their constituencies to a far greater extent than other voters, and that, as an ethnic group, they faced specific impediments to voting (such as an absence of voting slips required for Indo-Fijian voters) in key marginal constituencies. There was also evidence of ballot boxes having been tampered with. Dr. David Neilson, a member of the Commission of Inquiry, wrote: The FHRC report's claims were subsequently challenged by one of the 2006 election observers, who claimed that Dr. David Neilson (a leading member of the commission) had 'failed to understand' the mechanics of Fiji's electoral process. David Arms, who served as a member of the Electoral Commission under Bainimarama's government, described the FHRC's report as weak and claimed that there was "undue haste in its preparation" (Arms, 'A Critique of the Report of the Independent Assessment of the Electoral Process in Fiji', 31 July 2007). According to Arms, Neilson and his colleagues reached the verdict that the 2006 result had been 'rigged' mainly on the basis of evidence gleaned at public hearings, without any independent effort to verify the accuracy of the allegations. Arms' report states that most of those who showed up at the hearings had an axe to grind. They were defeated candidates or supporters of political parties that had performed poorly at the polls. The FHRC's report's only evidence of electoral fraud had to do with alleged bias in the treatment of Indian voters' registration slips. However, election observer and Fiji-specializing academic Jon Fraenkel claimed that Neilson's claims were false: The army was also opposed by several important institutions. The Great Council of Chiefs, on 7 December, called the coup illegal and called upon soldiers to "leave the barracks and return home to your people" The President of the Methodist Church of Fiji led a delegation to visit and support the Prime Minister while he was under effective house arrest. The Archbishop of the Anglican Church issued a statement opposing the coup. Churches took out newspaper ads including one quoting Reverend Tuikilakila Waqairatu, president of the Fiji Council of Churches, saying "We are deeply convinced that the move now taken by the commander and his advisers is the manifestation of darkness and evil". Roman Catholic Archbishop Petero Mataca took a more nuanced position, however. In a letter to the Fiji Sun on 10 December, he condemned the coup, but also claimed that the government had pursued policies that had led to it. Part of this statement was quoted in Fiji Village on 12 December. The confiscation of the police's arms faced criticism from acting Police Commissioner Moses Driver, who said the military action was unlawful and unnecessary. Bainimarama responded by saying that the military had taken this action because "we would not want to see a situation whereby the police and the military are opposed in an armed confrontation". Unlike the 2000 coup, which was marked by looting and burning of businesses, protests were smaller and less violent in 2006. On 7 December 300 villagers blocked the entrance to Tavualevu Village, in response to a rumor that the military was coming to arrest Ratu Ovini Bokini, Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs. The army quickly denied the rumor. Most government ministries had a full turn out at work, except for certain CEOs, and parliament workers were reportedly offered positions elsewhere in government. Justification of the coup Bainimarama's stated justification for the coup was to "lead us into peace and prosperity and mend the ever widening racial divide that currently besets our multicultural nation". Above all else, he has emphasised the need to root out racially discriminatory legislation and attitudes, and emphasise the common national belonging of Fiji's citizens, above any form of ethnic self-identification. In a speech to the media on 6 December, he accused Qarase of corruption and of having inflamed tensions between ethnic communities through "divisive" and "controversial" policies: Addressing the United Nations General Assembly in September 2007, he stated: Fiji's race-based electoral system would be replaced by a "one citizen, one vote" system with no ethnic differentiation. This was to be achieved, he declared, through a People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress, the stated aim of which was to "rebuild Fiji into a non-racial, culturally-vibrant and united, well-governed, truly democratic nation that seeks progress, and prosperity through merit-based equality of opportunity, and peace". International response There was considerable international concern about the situation in Fiji and active involvement by other governments to try to prevent a coup. The Australian and New Zealand governments and media in particular strongly condemned the coup. New Zealand's Minister of Foreign Affairs Winston Peters described the crisis as a coup and a "creeping siege on democratic institutions". New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark said that the Fijian constitution only allowed the President to request the dissolving of Parliament if the Prime Minister no longer had the confidence of the Parliament and that this was clearly not the case. The New Zealand Government also stated those taking part in the coup will be banned from entry to New Zealand, and that military ties, aid and sporting contacts would be cut. Clark said that she would consider sanctions against Fiji. In 2008, after New Zealand refused to grant a study visa to the son of a Fijian government official due to the postponement of elections, Fiji expelled New Zealand's acting high commissioner to Fiji. In response, New Zealand expelled Fiji's high commissioner to New Zealand. During the political crisis in the months before the coup, Australia moved three warships to waters near Fiji to assist in the evacuation of Australian citizens should a coup occur. Two Australian soldiers died in a Blackhawk helicopter related to this maneuver. In early December, Australia's Foreign Minister Alexander Downer said that the military were "slowly trying to take control" and pressure the PM to resign. Other notable Australians commented on the situation, such as Prime Minister John Howard. The United States suspended $2.5 million in aid money pending a review of the situation. Several international organizations condemned the coup or imposed penalties on Fiji. In November, an eminent persons group of Pacific Foreign Ministers was formed to try to defuse the situation. Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan made a public statement and personally spoken to President Iloilo and Prime Minister Qarase. The International Federation of Netball Associations announced that Fiji, which had been scheduled to host the 2007 Netball World Championships, had been stripped of its hosting rights as a direct result of the coup. The Commonwealth provisionally suspended Fiji's membership, and its Secretary General, Don McKinnon, stated that Bainimarama should resign and that the coup is a total violation of Commonwealth principles. After failing to meet a Commonwealth deadline for setting national elections by 2010 Fiji was "fully suspended" on 1 September 2009. Aftermath and legacy Jon Fraenkel and Stewart Firth described the events as "a coup of the radicals amongst the westernized elite, who sought to superimpose a national consensus upon a divided social order", "a coup of utopians seeking to transcend, rather than mould, social forces that they deemed responsible for long-run ethnic disquiet and poor governance". Hamish McDonald, interviewing Bainimarama for the Sydney Morning Herald in October 2007, described it as "a revolution against the country's chiefly and church establishment". He quoted Bainimarama's criticism of the chiefly provincial councils, for allegedly dictating to indigenous citizens whom they should vote for, and of the Methodist Church, for allegedly encouraging indigenous "hatred" against Indo-Fijians. In March 2008, the publisher of the Fiji Sun, Australian citizen Russell Hunter, was deported on the orders of the interim Defense Minister, Ratu Epeli Ganilau, who claimed that Hunter was a threat to "national security". Opponents of the military-backed government claim that it was a blatant attempt to intimidate the media. Debate over legality It was legally unclear whether removal of a government with the consent of the President would constitute a coup, as that term is usually understood. According to the Constitution of Fiji, under certain conditions if a state of emergency is declared, the President was allowed to appoint an interim government. However, was debated whether the President had removed the Prime Minister of his free will, rather than simply acceding to the demands of the military. Jona Senilagakali, the interim Prime Minister appointed by the military, stated that he thought that the military coup constituted an illegal act, though a lesser illegal act when compared to the rule of the previous government. On 18 January 2007, President Iloilo signed a decree granting the Commander and all military personnel, along with all officers and members of the police force, prison officers, and all who served the Interim Cabinet formed after the coup, immunity from all criminal, civil, legal or military disciplinary or professional proceedings or consequences. The decree was published in a government gazette. Tupou Draunidalo, Vice-President of the Fiji Law Society, denounced the decree as illegal. Ousted Prime Minister Qarase also lambasted it as hypocritical, because proposed amnesty for perpetrators of the 2000 coup was one of the reasons given by the military for carrying out the 2006 coup. In March 2008, High Court began proceedings on a case brought by deposed prime minister Lasenia Qarase, who has asked the courts to rule on the legality of the coup. The Bainimarama government's lawyers argued that the court lacked jurisdiction to question President Iloilo's decision to appoint the Interim Cabinet. Qarase's lawyers countered by suggesting that the court should consider whether the invocation of the doctrine of necessity in the overthrow of the Qarase government was justifiable. On 9 October 2008, the High Court found that President Ratu Josefa Iloilo had acted lawfully when he had appointed Bainimarama as prime minister. Following the ruling, Fiji’s interim attorney-general, Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum, called upon Australia, New Zealand, the European Union and the United States to lift the sanctions they had imposed on the country, stating that they could no longer refuse to recognise the Interim Cabinet. However, the decision was appealed, and on 9 April 2009, the Court of Appeal ruled that the coup had not been legal and that the "only appropriate course of action at the present time is for elections to be held to enable Fiji to get a fresh start." This led to the 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis. See also 2005–06 Fijian political crisis 2006 Fijian general election Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill Qoliqoli Bill Land Tribunal Bill Indians in Fiji Church involvement in Fiji Coups Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (New Zealand) Literature Tansey, O. (2016). The Limits of the "Democratic Coup" Thesis: International Politics and Post-Coup Authoritarianism: Table 1. Journal of Global Security Studies, 1(3), 220–234. doi:10.1093/jogss/ogw009 References Notes External links Fiji Timeline "Rumblings of a revolution", a five-page analysis of the coup, its consequences and contemporary issues in the Sydney Morning Herald, 27 October 2007. "Has Fiji come up with a 'good coup'?", Gerard Finin, Pacific Islands Report, 21 November 2007 Qarase and Others versus Bainimarama and Others: full text of the High Court's ruling on the legality of the Interim Cabinet 2009 Court of Appeal of Fiji Decisions Conflicts in 2006 Military coups in Fiji Coup d'etat December 2006 events in Oceania 2000s coups d'état and coup attempts 2006 Fijian coup d'état
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Oliver Joseph Cooper (born 14 December 1999) is a Welsh footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Swansea City. Career Swansea City Cooper joined the Swansea youth academy as a U12, and signed his first professional contract with the club in February 2019. Cooper made his professional debut with Swansea in a 2-0 FA Cup win over Stevenage on 9 January 2021. He scored his first goal for Swansea on 23 January 2021 in a 5–1 win over Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup fourth round. Newport County (loan) On 31 August 2021, Cooper joined League Two side Newport County on a season-long loan deal, with the option of him returning to his parent club in January 2022. He made his debut for Newport the same day in the starting line-up for the 2–0 win against Plymouth Argyle in the EFL Trophy. Cooper scored his first goal for Newport on 2 October 2021 in the 3-0 League Two win against Scunthorpe United. International Oli Cooper is a Wales Under-21 international. In November 2022 Cooper and Jordan James were named as travelling back-up players to the senior Wales squad for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. Personal life Oli Cooper is the son of the retired footballer, coach and manager Kevin Cooper. Career statistics References External links Swansea City Profile 1999 births Living people Welsh footballers Wales youth international footballers Welsh people of English descent English Football League players Association football midfielders Swansea City A.F.C. players Newport County A.F.C. players
{'title': 'Oli Cooper', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oli%20Cooper', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Wckr Spgt is an American musical band, that formed in 1981 in Claremont, California. With influences that include dadaism and punk rock, they were part of an early movement focused primarily on experimental home recording and cassette culture in the Pomona Valley at that time. The band consists of Joel Huschle, Mark Givens, and Dave Carpenter and, over the years, several guest musicians and artists, notably John Darnielle of The Mountain Goats, Ian Carlson of The Desperation Squad, and the members of Nothing Painted Blue (Franklin Bruno, Kyle Brodie, and Peter Hughes). Early audio cassettes were distributed throughout the Pomona Valley at local music stores. In the 1990s the record label Shrimper distributed Wckr Spgt recordings including 1997's Everybody's Dead (Oh, No). Their solitary 7" EP 'Cream' (1993) came in a limited edition of 450 in a hand-drawn sleeve sprinkled with glitter. The Wckr Spgt film Bug-Free America was expected in 2006, but has yet to debut. Discography Shrimper Records 5 Years (Aloha) (Shrimper Cassette) Drops Of Love (Shrimper Cassette) The Charles Mansion (Shrimper Cassette) Dance 'Til You Stop (Shrimper Cassette) Who Will Die (Shrimper Cassette) CRTV (Shrimper Cassette) Everybody's Dead (Oh, No) (Shrimper CD) Cream (Shrimper 7") JUPA Records (4 song) EP (JUPA 003) Fortune Came Today (JUPA 006) External links The Wckr Spgt web site Hosts the band's entire catalog in mp3 format American experimental musical groups Musical groups established in 1981 Shrimper Records artists Cassette culture 1970s–1990s
{'title': 'Wckr Spgt', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wckr%20Spgt', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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White Fire (also known as Vivre Pour Survivre and Le Diamant) is a 1984 French-American-Italian-Turkish thriller film by Jean-Marie Pallardy. It stars Belinda Mayne, Robert Ginty, Fred Williamson, Gordon Mitchell and Jess Hahn. The title song of the film is White Fire, sung by rock group Limelight. Plot A brother (Ginty) and sister (Mayne), employees at a diamond mineshaft company, stumble upon the discovery of a legendary diamond, the "White Fire", and a band of criminals set out to take it from them. Critical reception In 2015, the film was featured on an episode of Red Letter Media's Best of the Worst, together with Future War and The Jar. The hosts criticized what they saw as frequent incestuous overtones present in the film, referring to it as "poorly disguised fetish porn". References External links Nanarland.com, French-language reviews of the film with images, sound files, video files and music Video Junkie review 1984 films 1984 action thriller films American action thriller films French action thriller films English-language French films English-language Turkish films Turkish action thriller films Treasure hunt films Films set in Turkey Films about siblings 1980s American films 1980s French films
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Linda Goupil (born May 13, 1961 in Saint-Léon-de-Standon, Quebec) is a former Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Lévis in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1998 to 2003. First elected in the 1998 provincial election, she sat as a member of the Parti Québécois caucus, and served in the Executive Council of Quebec as Minister of Justice from 1998 to 2001. She was defeated by Carole Théberge of the Quebec Liberal Party in the 2003 election. She ran again in the 2007 election, in which she and Théberge were both defeated by Christian Lévesque of the Action démocratique du Québec. Goupil ran in the 2014 provincial election in the neighbouring district of Bellechasse, but was not reelected to the legislature. Electoral record |- |Liberal |Carole Théberge |align="right"|12,891 |align="right"|35.12 |align="right"|-0.05 |- |- |Liberal |Carole Théberge |align="right"|9,925 |align="right"|25.19 |align="right"| -9.92 |- |- |- References External links Parti Québécois MNAs Living people Women MNAs in Quebec People from Chaudière-Appalaches Members of the Executive Council of Quebec 1961 births 21st-century Canadian politicians 21st-century Canadian women politicians Women government ministers of Canada
{'title': 'Linda Goupil', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Goupil', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Maria Isabel Andrade (born 1958) is a Cape Verdean food scientist. Andrade has worked in Mozambique as a sweet potato researcher since 1996 and was a co-winner of the 2016 World Food Prize. Early life and education In 1958, Andrade was born in São Filipe, Cape Verde. She began her education in Cape Verde in Fogo and Santiago. After completing high school, she went to the University of Arizona and graduated in 1983 with a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science, specializing in plant genetics. She completed further education at the North Carolina State University, earning a Doctor of Philosophy degree in plant breeding in 1994. Career Andrade began her agricultural career when she started a Cape Verdean vegetable planting program in 1984. While leading the National Research Institute in Cape Verde, Andrade became a member of the Food and Agriculture Organization in 1994. From 1996 to 2001, she worked for the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture as a sweet potato agronomist for a research group in Southern Africa. Andrade subsequently led a project in Mozambique that distributed sweet potatoes from 2002 to 2006. In 2006, she began working for the International Potato Center as a manager of sweet potato breeding in Southern Africa. Andrade's research in sweet potatoes' value of providing the daily vitamin A requirements have lead to the global support in their use in biofortification. Outside of her work with the International Potato center, Andrade was the vice president of fundraising for the International Society for Tropical Root Crops from 2012 to 2016. Awards and honors In 2013, Andrade was named a Nutrition Champion by Transform Nutrition. She was also a co-winner of the 2016 World Food Prize and the sole winner of the 2017 M.S. Swaminathan Award for Environment Protection. References 1958 births Living people Agronomists Sweet potatoes Food and Agriculture Organization officials Women food scientists Cape Verdean scientists Agriculture and food award winners
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Kemmelberg (, ) is a hill formation in Flanders, Belgium. It is located less than a kilometer from the village of Kemmel, part of the municipality of Heuvelland in West Flanders. History The earliest settlements on the Kemmelberg date back 2.500 years, when Celtic tribes of the Hallstatt culture populated the area. The hill takes its name from Camulos, the Celtic god of war. During World War I, it was the location of one of the war's most ferocious battles. Because of its strategic importance, it was fiercely fought in the Fourth Battle of Ypres. On 25 April 1918, German imperial forces, hoping to force a breakthrough to the North Sea, started attacking the French troops on the Kemmelberg with gas grenades. At 6 a.m. the German Alpenkorps seized and captured the Kemmelberg, causing allied troops to withdraw from all the hills in the region. Thousands of French soldiers were slaughtered. Several streets and army barracks in Germany were named after this event (Kemmel-Privatweg in Magdeburg, Kemmelkaserne in Murnau). Friedrich Bertram Sixt von Armin and Prince Franz of Bavaria were commanders, but Karl Höfer was celebrated as hero of Kemmelberg - the Held vom Kemmelberge. It was recaptured during the Battle of the Peaks of Flanders in late September 1918, as a precursor to the Armistice of 11 November 1918. Two war cemeteries are located to the northeast of the hill, the Kemmel Number 1 French Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery and the Klein Vierstraat British Cemetery with the remains of World War I soldiers. At the top of the Kemmelberg there is a commemorative war memorial, the Monument aux soldats français, constructed in 1932 and inaugurated by French general and war hero Lacappelle. The memorial column is 17 meter high and depicts the Roman victory goddess Victoria. In the area, the monument is colloquially called "The Angel". A NATO air defence command centre was based in an underground bunker on the southern edge of the hill in the 1950s. This now operates as a visitors centre. Cycling The steep cobbled roads over the hill frequently feature in cycling races, especially in the Flemish spring classics. The climb is often a decisive location in Gent–Wevelgem, but is also regularly included in the Four Days of Dunkirk, the Three Days of De Panne, Three Days of West Flanders and the Tour de l'Eurométropole. In 1950 the Kemmelberg was included in the route of the World Championship, won by Belgian local and cycling icon Briek Schotte. Gallery References External links Die Eroberung des Kemmel - Bericht des deutschen Hauptquartiers aus dem Jahre 1918 Fotos der Eroberung des Kemmelberges Climbs in cycle racing in Belgium Mountains and hills of Flanders Heuvelland Landforms of West Flanders
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The Deir el Qamar Synagogue, in Deir el Qamar, a village in south-central Lebanon, is the oldest synagogue in Mount Lebanon. The synagogue was built in the 17th century, during the Ottoman era in Lebanon, to serve the local Jewish population, some of whom were part of the immediate entourage of Fakhr al-Din II. The building is in good condition. As of 2016, the Synagogue is in excellent condition; yet, in the meantime, the synagogue has been shut to the public for security reasons and has been entrusted to the French cultural center by Lebanon's Direction Générale des Antiquités (General Directorate of Antiquities). See also History of the Jews in Lebanon Maghen Abraham Synagogue Wadi Abu Jamil References External links The Lebanese Jewish Community Council Corporation of Lebanese Jews in Canada Chouf District Synagogues in Lebanon Former synagogues Orthodox synagogues 17th-century synagogues Orthodox Judaism in the Arab world Orthodox Judaism in the Middle East
{'title': 'Deir el Qamar Synagogue', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir%20el%20Qamar%20Synagogue', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Arab identity () is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as an Arab and as relating to being Arab. Like other cultural identities, it relies on a common culture, a traditional lineage, the common land in history, shared experiences including underlying conflicts and confrontations. These commonalities are regional and in historical contexts, tribal. Arab identity is defined independently of religious identity, and pre-dates the spread of Islam and before spread of Judaism and Christianity, with historically attested Arab Muslim tribes and Arab Christian tribes and Arab Jewish tribes. Arabs are a diverse group in terms of religious affiliations and practices. Most Arabs are Muslim, with a minority adhering to other faiths, largely Christianity, but also Druze and Baháʼí. Arab identity can also be seen through a lens of national, regional or local identity. Throughout Arab history, there have been three major national trends in the Arab world. Pan-Arabism rejects the individual Arab states' existing sovereignty as artificial creations and calls for full Arab unity. History The Arabs are first mentioned in the mid-ninth century BCE as a people living in eastern and southern Syria, and the north of the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabs appear to have been under the vassalage of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BCE), and the succeeding Neo-Babylonian Empire (605–539 BCE), Persian Achaemenid Empire (539–332 BCE), Greek Macedonian/Seleucid Empire and Parthian Empire. Arab tribes, most notably the Ghassanids and Lakhmids begin to appear in the southern Syrian deserts and southern Jordan from the mid 3rd century CE onwards, during the mid to later stages of the Roman Empire and Sasanian Empire. The relation of and is complicated further by the notion of "lost Arabs" mentioned in the Qur'an as punished for their disbelief. All contemporary Arabs were considered as descended from two ancestors, Qahtan and Adnan. During the early Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries, the Arabs forged the Rashidun and then Umayyad Caliphate, and later the Abbasid Caliphate, whose borders touched southern France in the west, China in the east, Anatolia in the north, and the Sudan in the south. This was one of the largest land empires in history. Ideology Arab nationalism Arab nationalism is a nationalist ideology that asserts the Arabs are a nation and promotes the unity of Arab people. In its contemporary conception, it is the belief that the Arab people are a people united by language, culture, ethnicity, history, geography and interests, and that one Arab nation will assemble the Arabs within its borders from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea. Many Arabs believe that they are an old nation, exhibiting pride, for example, based on Arabic poetry and other forms of Arabic literature. In the era of the spread of Islam, nationalism was manifested by the identification of Arabs as a distinct nation within Islamic countries. In the modern era, this idea was embodied by ideologies such as Nasserism and Ba'athism, which were common forms of nationalism in the Arab world, especially in the mid-twentieth century. Perhaps the most important form of creating such an Arab state was the establishment of the United Arab Republic between Egypt and Syria, although it was short-lived. To some extent, Arab nationalism gained a new popular appeal as a result of the Arab Spring of the 2010s, calling for Arab social unity, led by the people on the streets, not the authoritarian regimes that had installed the historic forms of nationalism. Arab socialism Arab socialism is a political ideology based on an amalgamation between Arab nationalism and socialism. Arab socialism differs from other socialist ideas prevalent in the Arab world. For many, including Michel Aflaq, one of its founders, Arab socialism was a necessary step towards the consolidation of Arab unity and freedoms, since the socialist system of ownership and development alone could overcome the remnants of colonialism in the Arab world. Unity Pan-Arabism Pan-Arabism is an ideology espousing the unification of the countries of North Africa and Middle East from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, often referred to as the Arab world. The idea is based on the integration of some or all of the Arab countries into a single political and economic framework that removes the borders between the Arab states and establishes a strong economic, cultural and military state. Arab unity is an ideology that Arab nationalists see as a solution to the backwardness, occupation and oppression that the Arab citizens in all the individual states are suffering from. Arab League The Arab League, formally the League of Arab States is a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa, the Middle East, the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 with six members: Kingdom of Egypt, Kingdom of Iraq, Transjordan (renamed Jordan in 1949), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Its charter provides for coordination among member states in economic matters, including trade relations, communications, cultural relations, travel documents and permits, social relations and health. Definition An Arab can be defined as a member of a Semitic people, inhabiting much of the Middle East and North Africa. The ties that bind Arabs are ethnic, linguistic, cultural, historical, nationalist, geographical, political, often also relating to religion and to cultural identity. In their long history and with many local variations, Arabs have developed their distinct customs, language, architecture, fine art, literature, music, cinema, dance, media, cuisine, dress, societies, and mythology. According to both Judaism and Islam, Ishmael was the ancestor of the Ishmaelites and of the Arabs. Ishmael was the elder son of Abraham and the forefather of many prominent Arab tribes. Homeland The Arab world, formally the Arab homeland, also known as the Arab nation or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. They occupy an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean in the southeast. In 2019, the combined population of the Arab world was estimated at 423 million inhabitants. Categories Arab identity can be described as consisting of many interconnected parts: Racial Based on analysis of the DNA of Semitic-speaking peoples, some recent genetic studies have found Y-chromosomal links between modern Semitic-speaking peoples of the Middle East like Arabs, Hebrews, Mandaeans, Samaritans, and Assyrians. Medieval Arab genealogists divided Arabs into three groups: "Ancient Arabs" tribes that had vanished or been destroyed. "Pure Arabs" descending from the Qahtan tribe, who existed before Abraham and Ishmael. The "Arabized Arabs" descending from Ishmael, the elder son of Abraham through his marriage to Rala bint Mudad ibn Amr ibn Jurhum, an Arab Qahtani woman. Tribes descending from this alliance are also referred to as Adnani tribes. Centuries later, the "Arabized Arabs" assumed the name "Pure Arabs" and the "Arabized Arabs" description was attributed to other peoples that joined Islam and created alliances with the Arab tribes. Ethnic Concentrating on ethnic identity is another way of defining Arab identity, which can be subdivided in linguistic, cultural, social, historical, political, national or genealogical terms. In this approach, "being Arab" is based on one or several of the following criteria: Genealogy: Someone who can trace his or her ancestry to the Arab tribes, from the Arabian Desert, Syrian Desert and neighboring areas. Ancestry: belonging to Arab people, inherited from grandparents, or denoting an ancestor or ancestors. Self-concept: a person who defines himself as "Arab" Attribution of identity: Someone, who is seen by others as an Arab, based on their notions of ethnicity (for example, people of northern Sudan, who can be seen both as African and/or Arab) Linguistic: Someone whose first language, and, by extension, cultural expression, is Arabic. Culture: someone who was brought up with Arab culture Political: Someone, whose country is a member of the League of Arab States and who shares political associations with the Arab countries. (for example, Somalis and Djiboutians) Societal: Someone who lives in or identifies with an Arab society Nationality: one who is a national of an Arab state National National identity is one's identity or sense of belonging to one state or to one nation. It is the sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, language and politics. Arab nationalism is a nationalist ideology celebrating the glories of Arab civilization, the language and literature of the Arabs, calling for rejuvenation and political union in the Arab world. The premise of Arab nationalism is the need for an ethnic, political, cultural and historical unity among the Arab peoples of the Arab countries. The main objective of Arab nationalism was to achieve the independence of Western influence of all Arab countries. Arab political strategies with the nation in order to determine the struggle of the Arab nation with the state system (nation-state) and the struggle of the Arab nation for unity. The concepts of new nationalism and old nationalism are used in analysis to expose the conflict between nationalism, national ethnic nationalism, and new national political nationalism. These two aspects of national conflicts highlight the crisis known as the Arab Spring, which affects the Arab world today. Suppressing the political struggle to assert the identity of the new civil state is said to clash with the original ethnic identity. Religious Until about the fourth century, almost all Arabs practised polytheistic religions. Although significant Jewish and Christian minorities developed, polytheism remained the dominant belief system in pre-Islamic, most Arabs followed a pagan religion with a number of deities, including Hubal, Wadd, Allāt, Manat, and Uzza. A few individuals, the hanifs, had apparently rejected polytheism in favor of monotheism unaffiliated with any particular religion. Different theories have been proposed regarding the role of Allah in Meccan religion. Today the majority of Arabs are Muslims, identities are often seen as inseparable. The "Verse of Brotherhood" is the tenth verse of the Quranic chapter "Al-Hujurat", is about brotherhood of believers with each other. However, there were divergent currents in Pan-Arabism - religious and secular. Ba'athism emerged as a secular countercurrent to the pan-Islamist ambitions of political Islam and the Muslim Brotherhood in the 1960s. Secular nationalism and religious fundamentalism have continued to overcome each other to this day. There are also different religious denominations within Islam leading to sectarian conflict and conflict. In fact, the social and psychological distances between Sunni and Shia Muslims may be greater than the perceived distance between different religions. Because of this, Islam can be seen both as a unification and as a force of division in Arab identity. Cultural Arab cultural identity is characterized by complete uniformity. Arab cultural space are historically so tightly interwoven. Arab cultural identity has been assessed through four measures that measure the basic characteristics of Arab culture: religiosity, grouping, belief in gender hierarchy and attitudes toward sexual behavior. The results indicate the predominance of the professional strategies that Arab social workers have learned in their training in social work, while indicating the willingness of social workers to benefit from established strategies in their culture and society, either separately or in combination with the professional. There are different aspects of Arab identity, whether ethnic, religious, national, linguistic or cultural - of different fields and analytical angles. Linguistic For some Arabs, beyond language, race, religion, tribe or region. Arabic; hence, can be considered as a common factor among all Arabs. Since the Arabic language also exceeds the country's border, the Arabic language helps to create a sense of Arab nationalism. According to the Iraqi world exclusive Cece, "it must be people who speak one language one heart and one soul, so should form one nation and thus one country." There are two sides to the coin, argumentative. While the Arabic language as one language can be a unifying factor, the language is often not united at all. Accents vary from region to region, there are wide differences between written and spoken versions, many countries host bilingual citizens, many Arabs are illiterate. This leads us to examine other identifying aspects of Arabic identity. Arabic, a Semitic language from the Afroasiatic language family. Modern Standard Arabic serves as the standardized and literary variety of Arabic used in writing, as well as in most formal speech, although it is not used in daily speech by the overwhelming majority of Arabs. Most Arabs who are functional in Modern Standard Arabic acquire it through education and use it solely for writing and formal settings. Political Arab political identity characterized by restraint, compassion, hospitality, generosity, and proper conduct. Arab countries to redefine politics are linked to the fact that the political culture behind the Arabs has been overrun for centuries by successive political. The vast majority of the citizens of the Arab countries view themselves and are seen by outsiders as "Arabs". Their sense of the Arab nation is based on their common denominators: language, culture, ethnicity, social and political experiences, economic interests and the collective memory of their place and role in history. The relative importance of these factors is estimated differently by different groups and frequently disputed. Some combine aspects of each definition, as done by Palestinian Habib Hassan Touma: The Arab League, a regional organization of countries intended to encompass the Arab world, defines an Arab as: See also References Arab culture Society of the Arab world Arab nationalism Collective identity Identity politics
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Jaime Bladimir Cubías Alvarado (born Marzo 10, 1974 in San Sebastián, El Salvador) is a retired Salvadoran football player. Club career A rather short defender, Cubías made his debut in the Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador at 16 years, playing for FAS. He won 2 championship medals with FAS in 1996 and 1997. He also played for the other big teams in the country, Luis Ángel Firpo, Isidro Metapán, Águila and Alianza. In 2005, he terminated his contract with San Salvador F.C. after a dispute over salary payments. International career Nicknamed el Peluca (the wig), Cubías made his debut for El Salvador in a November 1995 friendly match against Yugoslavia and has earned a total of 25 caps, scoring 2 goals. He has represented his country in 2 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1995 and 2001 UNCAF Nations Cups and at the 1996 and 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cups. His final international was a January 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup match against the United States. International goals Scores and results list El Salvador's goal tally first. References External links 1974 births Living people People from San Vicente Department Association football central defenders Salvadoran footballers El Salvador international footballers 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup players 2001 UNCAF Nations Cup players 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup players C.D. FAS footballers C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo footballers A.D. Isidro Metapán footballers C.D. Águila footballers Alianza F.C. footballers San Salvador F.C. footballers C.D. Chalatenango footballers
{'title': 'Jaime Vladimir Cubías', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime%20Vladimir%20Cub%C3%ADas', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The 1998 Pendle Borough Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Pendle Borough Council in Lancashire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Liberal Democrats stayed in overall control of the council. After the election, the composition of the council was: Liberal Democrat 29 Labour 18 Conservative 3 Independent 1 Campaign 17 seats were contested in the election, with the Liberal Democrats defending 10 seats, Labour 6 and the Conservatives 1 seat. The election saw controversy over proxy votes, as the Labour and Liberal Democrat parties accused each other of abusing the system. During the campaign the Liberal Democrat national leader Paddy Ashdown came to Pendle to support his party. Election result The results saw no change in the political balance of the council, with the Liberal Democrats remaining in control of the council. The Labour Party gained 2 seats from the Liberal Democrats in Bradley and Waterside wards, but the Liberal Democrats took the seats of Walverden and Whitefield back. Meanwhile, the Conservative group leader, Roy Clarkson, held the only seat the Conservatives had been defending in Reedley. Overall turnout in the election was 34.4%. Ward results By-elections between 1998 and 1999 References 1998 English local elections 1998 1990s in Lancashire
{'title': '1998 Pendle Borough Council election', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Pendle%20Borough%20Council%20election', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Harvard Din & Tonics (or "the Dins") are a signature, five-part jazz a cappella group from Harvard University, founded in 1979. History The group was founded in April 1979 as a public service project of the Phillips Brooks House Association at Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, performing for the university community and local charitable organizations. Their repertoire was derived in part from the Dunster Dunces, an earlier Harvard a cappella group that was active from 1946 until 1968. Their first public concert was at Yale University in November 1979, amidst the pageantry of the Harvard-Yale football game. The group performed in their first film in 1982, entitled First Affair and starring Melissa Sue Anderson and Loretta Swit. They also appeared in the movie Mona Lisa Smile, a 2003 film starring Julia Roberts that was set at Wellesley College. The Harvard Din & Tonics celebrated their fortieth anniversary with a concert at Harvard's Sanders Theater on April 13, 2019. Previously an all-male ensemble, the group admitted its first woman member in 2018, and a second in 2019. Name origin The name Din & Tonics is a pun on the popular drink the gin and tonic, and the words din, meaning a loud noise, and tonic, a musical term meaning the first note of a musical scale. The lime green socks worn by the group's members are said to represent the lime that is traditionally served with the gin and tonic, hence the group's slogan, "A cappella with a twist." Repertoire and performances The Dins, composed of 12 to 15 undergraduate students, is an entirely self-directed group. Most of their arrangements are written by current or former members of the group. Their repertoire consists primarily of jazz standards from the Great American Songbook, as well as humor songs drawn from various periods and styles. Their repertoire also extends at times to numerous other genres, including folk, rock, calypso, spiritual, and pop. They regularly perform in white tie, tails, and their signature lime green socks. The Din and Tonics began performing their own arrangement of "Sh-Boom" (generally regarded as the first popular doo-wop song after it became a #1 hit on the Billboard charts in 1954) in 1979. It has served as the Dins' signature song, and they have performed it at almost every concert since. "Sh-Boom" is featured on fourteen of the group's fifteen albums. The Dins have appeared on television shows, including The Price Is Right and Good Morning America, and have performed the "Star Spangled Banner" for the San Francisco Giants, the Tampa Bay Lightning, the Los Angeles Lakers, the PGA's Ryder Cup, the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees, the Boston Celtics, the Boston Bruins, and the Boston Breakers. Traveling and tours The Dins have performed overseas since the founding of the group, and began touring Asia regularly in the late 1980s. Since 1990, the Dins have gone on world tours biennially. Each tour is between 2 and 3 months long and includes performances in roughly 15 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and North America. Additionally, they travel regularly to Vail, Colorado, Washington, D.C., New York City and spend spring break performing in Bermuda or Whistler, BC. The Dins have toured in: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Fiji, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the Vatican City. While on tour in 2010, the Dins performed at the closing ceremonies for the Shanghai Expo music festival. In January 2017, the Dins performed the National Anthem for the Los Angeles Lakers at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, following a performance with the Harvard Krokodiloes for the Harvard Club of Southern California. Notable collaborations and performances The Dins have performed for jazz vocalists Ella Fitzgerald and Bobby McFerrin, for members of the New York Voices, singer Lionel Richie, jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, jazz trumpeter Wynton Marsalis, former governor and professional wrestler Jesse Ventura, actresses Julia Roberts, Kristin Chenoweth, Sharon Stone, Jessica Lange, Kathie Lee Gifford, and Kathleen Turner, television host Conan O'Brien, actor Andy Garcia, comedian Jackie Mason, Maestro Keith Lockhart of the Boston Pops, cellist Yo-Yo Ma, Caroline Kennedy, former U.S. President Bill Clinton, as well as the Governor of Bermuda and the U.S. ambassadors to Australia, Germany, Greece, Nepal, Ireland, Morocco, Norway, Italy and Belgium. During their world tour, the Dins have recently performed with the award-winning German vocal quintet Vocaldente and Icelandic vocalist Andrea Gylfadóttir. More recently, the Dins performed for John Williams and the assembled graduates at Harvard's 366th Commencement, to celebrate his distinguished career. The group performed an original medley of his most notable songs, ranging from Jaws to Star Wars and Indiana Jones. They have appeared in the films "Mona Lisa Smile" and "First Affair. Notable alumni Jonathan Aibel, writer of Kung Fu Panda, Kung Fu Panda 2, and Kung Fu Panda 3 Samuel Wong, acting conductor of the New York Philharmonic, and later music director of the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra, the Hawaii Symphony, and the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra Robert S. Rivkin, Senior Vice President for Regulatory and International Affairs and Deputy General Counsel of Delta Air Lines Peter Feaver, American professor of political science and public policy at Duke University. Special Advisor for Strategic Planning and Institutional Reform on the National Security Council during George W. Bush Administration and Director for Defense Policy and Arms Control at the National Security Council during the Clinton administration. Bruce Sabath—Broadway actor (Company, Cagney, The Girlfriend) Tom Campbell—Executive Vice President of Development, World of Wonder Productions. Patrick Whelan MD PhD—first music director of the Dins, Lecturer in Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School, pediatric rheumatologist at UCLA, president of the Los Angeles Pediatric Society, and bioethicist who also founded Catholic Democrats Discography The Din and Tonics have produced 18 albums thus far: In the Beginning (1983) With a Twist (1985) Dins at 10 (1988) In the Limelight (1990) Tonic Boom (1992) Sublime (1994) Toast of the Town (1996) Platonic (1998) Freshly Squeezed (2000) The Green Album (2002) Dinbound (2004) Hint of Lime (2008) The Pursuit of Snappiness (2010) — This album features an original song for the Dins written by composer Nathaniel Stookey and lyricist Daniel Handler (author of A Series of Unfortunate Events under the pen name Lemony Snicket) Rhapsody in Green (2012) Easy Being Green (2014) The Dark Side of the Lime (2016) Citric (2018) It’s About Lime (2022) References External links The Harvard Din & Tonics official website The Harvard Din & Tonics YouTube channel The Harvard Din & Tonics sing the National Anthem at the Red Sox / Yankees game The Harvard Din and Tonics a cappella tribute to John Williams Harvard University Harvard University musical groups Collegiate a cappella groups Musical groups established in 1979
{'title': 'Harvard Din & Tonics', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard%20Din%20%26%20Tonics', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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In condensed matter physics, quantum oscillations describes a series of related experimental techniques used to map the Fermi surface of a metal in the presence of a strong magnetic field. These techniques are based on the principle of Landau quantization of Fermions moving in a magnetic field. For a gas of free fermions in a strong magnetic field, the energy levels are quantized into bands, called the Landau levels, whose separation is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field. In a quantum oscillation experiment, the external magnetic field is varied, which causes the Landau levels to pass over the Fermi surface, which in turn results in oscillations of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level; this produces oscillations in the many material properties which depend on this, including resistance (the Shubnikov–de Haas effect), Hall resistance, and magnetic susceptibility (the de Haas–van Alphen effect). Observation of quantum oscillations in a material is considered a signature of Fermi liquid behaviour. Quantum oscillations have been used to study high temperature superconducting materials such as cuprates and pnictides. Studies using these experiments have shown that the ground state of underdoped cuprates behave similar to a Fermi liquid, and display characteristics such as Landau quasiparticles. In 2021 this technique has been used to observe a predicted state called "electron–phonon fluid", a similar particle-quasiparticle state already known is the exciton–polariton fluid. Experiment When a magnetic field is applied to a system of free charged fermions, their energy states are quantized into the so-called Landau levels, given by for integer-valued , where is the external magnetic field and are the fermion charge and effective mass respectively. When the external magnetic field is increased in an isolated system, the Landau levels expand, and eventually "fall off" the Fermi surface. This leads to oscillations in the observed energy of the highest occupied level, and hence in many physical properties (including Hall conductivity, resistivity, and susceptibility). The periodicity of these oscillations can be measured, and in turn can be used to determine the cross-sectional area of the Fermi surface. If the axis of the magnetic field is varied at constant magnitude, similar oscillations are observed. The oscillations occur whenever the Landau orbits touch the Fermi surface. In this way, the complete geometry of the Fermi sphere can be mapped. Underdoped cuprates Studies of underdoped cuprate compounds such as YBa2Cu3O6+x through probes such as ARPES have indicated that these phases show characteristics of non-Fermi liquids, and in particular, the absence of well-defined Landau quasiparticles. However, quantum oscillations have been observed in these materials at low temperatures, if their superconductivity is suppressed by a sufficiently high magnetic field, which is evidence for the presence of well-defined quasiparticles with fermionic statistics. These experimental results thus disagree with those from ARPES and other probes. See also de Haas–van Alphen effect Shubnikov–de Haas effect Landau levels References Condensed matter physics Experimental physics Magnetism
{'title': 'Quantum oscillations', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20oscillations', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Calligonum is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America. Description Plants of the genus Calligonum are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, with flexuous woody branches. Leaves are simple, opposite, nearly sessile, linear or scale-like, sometimes absent or very small, linear or filiform, distinct or united with short membranous ochreae. Flowers are bisexual, solitary or in loose axillary inflorescences. Flowers have persistent, 5-parted perianths not accrescent in fruit, and 10-18 stamens with filaments connate at the base. The ovary is tetragonous. Taxonomy The genus Calligonum was first published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae, tribe Calligoneae, along with its sister genus, Pteropyrum. Species Calligonum acanthopterum I.G.Borshch. Calligonum alatosetosum Maassoumi & Kazempour Calligonum aphyllum (Pall.) Gürke Calligonum arborescens Litv. Calligonum azel Maire Calligonum babakianum Godw. Calligonum bakuense Litv. Calligonum bucocladum Bunge Calligonum bykovii Godw. Calligonum calvescens Maire Calligonum caput-medusae Schrenk Calligonum crinitum Boiss. Calligonum crispum Bunge Calligonum cristatum Bunge Calligonum ebinuricum N.A.Ivanova ex Soskov Calligonum eriopodum Bunge Calligonum junceum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Litv. Calligonum klementzii Losinsk. Calligonum laristanicum Rech.f. & Schiman-Czeika Calligonum leucocladum (Schrenk) Bunge Calligonum litwinowii Drobow Calligonum macrocarpum I.G.Borshch. Calligonum matteianum Drobow Calligonum mejidum Al-Khayat Calligonum microcarpum I.G.Borshch. Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. Calligonum murex Bunge Calligonum polygonoides L. Calligonum rubicundum Bunge Calligonum santoanum Korovin Calligonum schizopterum Rech.f. & Schiman-Czeika Calligonum setosum (Litv.) Litv. Calligonum spinosetosum Maassoumi & Batooli Calligonum taklimakanense B.R.Pan & K.M.Shen Calligonum tetrapterum Jaub. & Spach Calligonum trifarium Z.M.Mao Calligonum triste Litv. Calligonum turbineum Pavlov References Polygonaceae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
{'title': 'Calligonum', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligonum', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Wojciech Moranda (born 17 August 1988) is a Polish chess Grandmaster (2009). Chess career Moranda won multiple Polish Junior Chess Championship medals: Two golds (2003 [U16]. 2007 [U20]), two silvers (2005 [U18], 2006 [U18]), and one bronze (2002 [U14]). He also won medals in the Polish Junior Rapid Chess Championship and often represented Poland at the World Junior Chess Championship and European Youth Chess Championship. In 2005, Moranda made his debut in the Polish Chess Championship final in Poznań, where he took 11th place. In 2009, he won the Rubinstein Memorial in Polanica-Zdrój. In 2010, he came in third at the Polish Blitz Chess Championship in Myślibórz. Moranda has also competed successfully in several Polish Team Chess Championships (team gold in 2014). In 2012, he won the Polish Student Championship in Katowice. Moranda represented Poland at the 2013 Summer Universiade where team Poland took mixed team bronze. References External links 1988 births Living people Polish chess players Chess grandmasters Universiade medalists in chess Universiade bronze medalists for Poland Medalists at the 2013 Summer Universiade
{'title': 'Wojciech Moranda', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojciech%20Moranda', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Vessel is a 2014 multi-national documentary film written and directed by Diana Whitten as her debut film, focusing on the work of Women on Waves, a Dutch pro-choice organization founded by the Dutch physician Rebecca Gomperts in 1999. The film's world premiere took place at SXSW in Texas on March 9, 2014. The film has been distributed by Filmbuff since 2015. Synopsis The film focuses on Dr. Rebecca Gomperts' work with her organization 'Women on Waves', as she sails a ship around the world and provides abortions at sea for women who have no legal alternative. Gomperts meets opposition, but when each is overcome, she refines her mission and eventually realizes she can use new technologies to bypass existing laws. She trains women to give themselves abortions using WHO-researched protocols with pills, and creates an underground network of empowered activists who trust women to handle abortion themselves. Cast The film features Rebecca Gomperts, Susan Davies, Veronica Vera, Kinga Jelinska, Cecilia Costa, Gunilla Kleiverda, Myra ter Meulen, Margreet Parlevliet, Juul Brockling, Lizet Kraal, Margie Moore, Ivette Mrova, Annemarie van den Heuvel, Ana Cristina Santos, Sara larrea, Ana Cristina Vera, Paula Castello Starkoff, Manuela Luna Creciente, and Nondo Ebuela Ejano, with voice-over by Kinga Jelinska and Inês Rodrigues. Production The film took seven years to make. Recognition Reception Vessel was given a mixed review by Indiewire critic Eric Kohn, who wrote that "the hot button topic [abortion] begs for a more dynamic treatment." Awards and nominations At the 2014 South by Southwest Film Festival the film was nominated for the 'SXSW Grand Jury Award' and won both the 'Audience Award' and 'Special Jury Awards' for Documentary Feature. At the 2014 Sheffield International Documentary Festival, the film won the Peter Wintonick Award. At the Nantucket Film Festival, the film won the Adrienne Shelly Excellence In Filmmaking Award. References External links Vessel at the Internet Movie Database 2014 documentary films 2014 films American documentary films Documentary films about abortion 2010s English-language films 2010s American films
{'title': 'Vessel (film)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vessel%20%28film%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Albanian Health Insurance Institute was established by Law no. 7870, dated 13.10.1994 On Health Insurance in the Republic of Albania. When first established it only funded drugs. It is now the single payer for the Albanian healthcare system. It took over the costs of primary care in 2007 and hospitals in 2009. Its budget has increased from 2.68 billion lek in 2006, to 4.64 billion in 2007, and 20.7 billion in 2011. There is a list of 477 drugs which are reimbursed. Rates of reimbursement vary from 50% to 100% dependent on social categories of patients. The fund covers primary care and some of the costs of hospital care. Copayments on both were introduced in 2008. It is funded by a 3.4% charge on gross salaries and supplied 74.1% of the public expenditure on health in 2013, the balance being funded from general taxation. Hospital services such as scanning are free for children up to 12 years old, people who are totally disabled, war veterans and patients with tuberculosis or cancer. Other patients may have to make a 10% copayment, but must be referred by a general practitioner. Small contributions are also required for outpatient or inpatient treatment. The rate of the health insurance contribution is a highly visible political decision. It is also administratively linked to the collection of social security contributions, which are much higher, and so increase the incentive to avoid them. Trust in the health system is low and the rate of informal payments is high. References Medical and health organizations based in Albania
{'title': 'Albanian Health Insurance Institute', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian%20Health%20Insurance%20Institute', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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K. Tempest Bradford (born April 19, 1978 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an African-American science fiction and fantasy author and editor. She was a non-fiction and managing editor with Fantasy Magazine from 2007 to 2009 and has edited fiction for Peridot Books, The Fortean Bureau and Sybil's Garage. She is the author of Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion, her debut middle grade novel published in 2022. Biography A graduate of New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study, Bradford is also an alumna of the Clarion West Writers Workshop (class of 2003) and the Online Writing Workshop (formerly Del Rey). Bradford has been a juror for the James Tiptree, Jr. Award and is currently Vice-Chair of the Carl Brandon Society Steering Committee. Bradford is an activist for racial and gender equality both within and outside of the science fiction community. In 2005, she founded the Angry Black Woman blog, and her contributions under that moniker have appeared in Feminist SF: The Blog, ColorLines, NPR's News & Notes, and in African-American studies textbooks. She teaches creative writing classes that focus on writing inclusive narratives for Writing the Other, LitReactor, and Clarion West. Selected works Fiction Ruby Finley vs. the Interstellar Invasion (September 2022, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR), ) "The Copper Scarab" in Clockwork Cairo, ed. Matthew Bright, 2017 and Sunspot Jungle: The Ever Expanding Universe of Fantasy and Science Fiction, ed. Bill Campbell, 2019. "Until Forgiveness Comes" in Strange Horizons, 2008 and In the Shadow of the Towers: Speculative Fiction in a Post-9/11 World, ed. Douglas Lain, 2015 "Uncertainty Principle" in Diverse Energies, 2012. "Black Feather" in Interfictions, 2007; PodCastle, 2010, and Happily Ever After, ed. John Klima, 2011. "Elan Vital" in Sybil's Garage No. 6, 2009 and EscapePod episode 269, 2010. "Enmity" in Electric Velocipede issue 17/18, 2009. "Different Day" in Federations, 2009. "The Seventh Reflection" in Thou Shalt Not... a horror and dark fantasy anthology, 2006. "Change of Life" in Farthing, 2006; PodCastle, 2009. "Hard Rain" in Farthing, 2006. "Why I Don't Drink Anymore" (as Finley Larkin) in Abyss & Apex, 2003. "Elf Aware" (as Finley Larkin) in Cafe Irreal, 2002; PodCastle, 2009. "What We Make Of It" in Peridot Books, 2000. Non-fiction "Androids and Allegory", Mother of Invention anthology supplementary essay, Twelfth Planet Press, 2018. "Representation Matters: A Literary Call To Arms", LitReactor Magazine, 2017. "Cultural Appropriation Is, In Fact, Indefensible", NPR Code Switch blog, 2017. io9 Newsstand, a weekly column at io9, 2014 - 2015. "An ‘Unexpected’ Treat For Octavia E. Butler Fans", NPR Book Review, 2014. "Invisible Bisexuality in Torchwood", Apex Magazine, 2014. "Women Are Destroying Science Fiction! (That’s OK; They Created It)", NPR Books, 2014. "What Will Be The Next Game Of Thrones? We’ve Got Some Ideas", NPR Books, 2014. "The Women We Don't See: Season Thirteen", Chicks Unravel Time: Women Journey Through Every Season of Doctor Who. Mad Norwegian Press, 2012. "Why Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter is The Ultimate White Guilt Fantasy", io9, 2012. "Martha Jones: Fangirl Blues", Chicks Dig Time Lords. Mad Norwegian Press, 2010. "Why 'Black' and Not 'African American'?", Key Debates: An Introduction To African American Studies. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Jennifer Burton (January 2010) Q&A, The WisCon Chronicles, vol. 1. Aqueduct Press, 2007. "On the Clarion Workshops", The WisCon Chronicles, vol. 2. Aqueduct Press, 2008. "WisCon and POC Spaces", The WisCon Chronicles, vol. 3: Carnival of Feminist SF. Aqueduct Press, 2009. Role-playing games Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft (writer, Wizards of the Coast, 2021) Awards Notes External links Entry at the Feminist SF wiki Angry Black Woman blog 1978 births African-American activists 21st-century American short story writers 21st-century American women writers African-American bloggers American bloggers African-American feminists African-American non-fiction writers African-American short story writers American fantasy writers American feminist writers American science fiction writers American social commentators American speculative fiction critics American speculative fiction editors American women bloggers American women non-fiction writers American women short story writers Black speculative fiction authors Feminist bloggers Living people New York University Gallatin School of Individualized Study alumni Science fiction critics Science fiction editors Women science fiction and fantasy writers Writers from Cincinnati 21st-century American non-fiction writers African-American novelists 21st-century African-American women writers 21st-century African-American writers 20th-century African-American people 20th-century African-American women
{'title': 'K. Tempest Bradford', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.%20Tempest%20Bradford', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Carl Fredrik Nils Mesterton (16 September 1888 – 10 November 1962) was a Swedish Army officer who became known as the military commander on the scene at the Ådalen shootings in Sweden on 14 May 1931. Personal background Nils Mesterton was born in Stockholm as the third son and fourth child of lieutenant Carl Daniel Mesterton and Ebba von Redlich, daughter of the German consul-general in Stockholm. His grandfather was the doctor Carl Benedict Mesterton. Mesterton's father died in 1889, and in 1899 his mother married the poet Oscar Levertin, who became Mesterton's stepfather. Following his upper-secondary final examination, Mesterton was trained as a reserve officer in the Swedish Army. He also finished a government administration examination and studied economics at the university. Thereafter, he worked some time at a bank office. He later became an officer at the Västernorrland Regiment (I 21) in Sollefteå, Ångermanland. Ådalen shootings On 14 May 1931 in Lunde, Västernorrland County, a demonstration was taking place between striking workers and strikebreakers when rioting broke out, and military troops from the Västernorrland Regiment were called in to maintain order. Captain Mesterton was the leader of the military unit. Protesters started to throw stones at the troops, and tried to enter the area where the strikebreakers were located. The troops opened fire, and five people, of them four protesters and one bystander, were killed. Aftermath For his role in the shootings, Mesterton was tried by a court-martial in Sollefteå which sentenced him to eight days in custody without surveillance. Several of the protesters were tried in a civilian court and received harsh prison sentences. After the Ådalen riots, Mesterton became the target of much of the protestors' anger. He was commonly referred to in the Swedish socialist press as the "murderer from Lunde". Mesterton himself is said to have taken the incident very hard and became a broken man. In 1950, Mesterton became lieutenant colonel in Västernorrland Regiment's reserve. Personal life In 1934 he married a widow. Mesterton died on 10 November 1962 in Nora, Sweden and was buried at Karlslund's Cemetery in Nora. Awards and decorations Knight of the Order of the Sword References 1888 births 1962 deaths Military personnel from Stockholm Swedish Army colonels Knights of the Order of the Sword Swedish people of Scottish descent
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Celestial Skies is the third studio album from the band This World. It was released in 2013. It is the first This World album to feature Kate Kohler on background vocals. Composition and recording The album is constructed in such a way that the first two tracks are standalone, and then tracks 3-9 make up the Celestial Skies Suite. The Suite plays through continuously, typical of progressive rock concept albums. The lyrics of the suite reflect on a variety of themes, such as the passage of time ("Dali's Music Box," "Reprise"), the role of God in our lives ("Aurora Borealis," "Solar Sea"), and the nature of the universe ("Transmission"). The lyrics for the non-Suite songs reflect on love ("Be Love Today"), racism and intolerance ("Brave Heart"), and endurance in the face of emotional struggle ("Don't Look Away"). Every song on the album has music and lyrics by Lee Kohler, with the exception of "Transmission" with a rap performed Lee's son Matthew John Kohler, and the instrumental finale, "When We Were Young," composed by Rob Kohler. However, as with all of This World's work, many of the songs were created in collaboration between band members. The album was recorded in Destin, Florida, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Los Angeles, California over a period of several years. After veteran This World drummer Clay Green was unavailable to perform on this album, Lee and Rob travelled to Denver, Colorado to record with their childhood friend, Mark Raynes. Track listing Personnel This World Lee Kohler – Multi-Keyboards, Rhythm Guitar, Lead Vocals Rob Kohler – Basses, Lead Guitar Mark Raynes – Drums Percussion Kate Kohler – Background Vocals Special Guests Matthew Kohler – Vocal on "Transmission" Anna Kohler – Vocal on "Be Love Today" Sam Kohler – Cello on "Aurora Borealis" Release The album was released on December 29, 2013. Excerpts can be heard on the band's SoundCloud page. References 2013 albums This World (band) albums
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Eleanor Butler (also known as Nell Butler or Irish Nell; born c. 1665) was an indentured white woman who married an enslaved African man in colonial Maryland in 1681. Biography Butler, who was of Irish origin, was an indentured servant to Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore. At around 16 years of age she announced her intention to marry a man referred to only as "Negro Charles". A 1664 Maryland law outlined the legal status of a free woman who voluntarily married an enslaved man: she would serve the master of her husband until his death, and any offspring of their union would be born into slavery. Despite this, Butler was determined to be wed. The thought of a white woman becoming enslaved apparently distressed Lord Baltimore, and he warned against the union for that reason. Lord Baltimore petitioned Maryland's provincial assembly to change the 1664 law, and in 1681 key provisions of the law were in fact repealed. The new law additionally outlawed marriages between female servants and enslaved men, and provided for huge punitive fines to be levied on the enslaver ("master") of any enslaved person thus wed. Butler and Charles apparently married in 1681, but this happened before the law went into effect. Because the new law did not apply retroactively, and perhaps also because Lord Baltimore left Maryland indefinitely in 1684, Butler and Charles lived out the rest of their lives enslaved by William Boarman, Eleanor Butler's husband's enslaver. They had seven or eight children, all born after the repeal of the 1664 law, but they were nonetheless born enslaved. One son, Jack, apparently escaped and later bought his freedom from the Boarman family. The rest remained as human chattel. In October 1770, two of their descendants, William and Mary Butler, still enslaved, filed suit for their freedom on the basis they were descendants of a white woman. Mary Butler was Nell Butler's great granddaughter, but the provincial court ruled against them, noting that "many of these people, if turned loose, cannot mix with us and become members of society." Other suits from other descendants followed in the 1780s. In 1787, the daughter of William and Mary Butler – also named Mary – successfully sued for her freedom, but hers was a procedural victory devoid of any particular precedent. While her attorney hoped that the court would decide that any descendant of a white woman could not be enslaved, such a decision and the far-reaching effects it would have brought were not forthcoming. Instead, the court ruled that as no evidence existed of a legal union between Nell Butler and Negro Charles, the provisions of the 1664 law that condemned her and her offspring to slavery should not have applied in her case. This compromise ruling allowed Mary Butler her freedom without having any significant effect on property rights in the state. Notes See also Agnes Kane Callum External Links Butler Family Tree - six generations of Butler's matrilineal descendants, showing the eventual impact of the freedom suits, from the Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture References 1660s births Multiracial affairs in the United States Intercultural and interracial relationships People of colonial Maryland 17th-century American slaves Colonial American women American indentured servants Kingdom of Ireland emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies Irish-American culture in Maryland Year of death unknown Place of birth missing Place of death missing 17th-century American women
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Frank Pooler (October 23, 1847 – March 18, 1900) was an American businessman and politician. Biography Frank Pooler was born in Winslow, Maine on October 23, 1847. He moved to Onalaska, Wisconsin and was involved in the lumber business. He moved to Clarksville, Missouri and lived there for two years before returning to Onalaska. He was also president of a railway company. He married Frances Cornelia Nichols on January 6, 1870, and they had four children. He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1882, as a Republican. He also served on the La Crosse County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, as county treasurer, and mayor of Onalaska, Wisconsin. He died in Savanna, Illinois of a stroke on March 18, 1900, while visiting some friends. Notes External links 1846 births 1900 deaths People from Winslow, Maine People from Pike County, Missouri People from Onalaska, Wisconsin Businesspeople from Wisconsin County officials in Wisconsin County supervisors in Wisconsin Mayors of places in Wisconsin 19th-century American politicians 19th-century American businesspeople Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
{'title': 'Frank Pooler (politician)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Pooler%20%28politician%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Fort George is a colonial era fortification located on Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. Located in George Town, Grand Cayman, the structure stands on the corner of Harbour Drive and Fort Street. Although in present-day there is very little remaining of the original structure, its remains have been donated to the National Trust for the Cayman Islands in perpetuity. Fort George was one of the first fortifications built on the Cayman Islands during the early colonial period. Construction and dimensions In 1662, the then Governor of Jamaica, Lord Windsor, received royal instructions to protect the "Caimanes Islands ... by planting and raising Fortifications upon them"; the fortification, however, was not constructed until 1790. Fort George was built using local coral rock and limestone ironshore with its design being based largely on the English fortifications of the time. The oval base of the Fort measured approximately 57 feet by 38 feet. There were eight embrasures for cannons around the sides of the fort and a mahogany gate on the fort's landward side. The walls of Fort George ranged in thickness from two feet on its landward side to five feet on its seaward side, with the walls being about five feet in height. In 1802, when Edward Corbet came to Grand Cayman to compile a report for the Governor of Jamaica, he found the Fort "by no means well equipped" with only "three guns, four to six pounders", rather than the eight required by the original scheme. Fort George in the 20th century By the beginning of the 20th century, the fort was no longer in use. During World War II, a tall silk cotton tree growing within the fort was used as a lookout post. Members of the Home Guard, whose barracks were located next to the fort at Dobson Hall, would climb up into the tree's branches to watch for German submarines, many of which patrolled Caribbean waters hunting for merchant ships setting out to cross the Atlantic with supplies bound for English ports. In 1972, the Cayman Islands Planning Authority and a local developer were embroiled in a disagreement over the fort's future. The developer started the demolition of the structure, however, because of the objections raised by the local public, destruction of the site was halted. What remained of the structure was donated to the National Trust for the Cayman Islands in 1987. References Forts in the Cayman Islands Buildings and structures in the Cayman Islands History of the Cayman Islands Buildings and structures in George Town, Cayman Islands
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Ramboldo XIII, Count of Collalto (also Rambaldo; 1575 – 19 November 1630) was an Italian Imperial commander. Biography Born at Mantua into an ancient noble Venetian family, dating back to the 10th century, he was the son of Venetian general Antonio IV of Collalto. Expelled from the Republic of Venice, he joined the Imperial Army and reached the rank of colonel. In 1620 he was sent by Emperor Ferdinand II to Hungary, where he opposed very energetically the rebellions led by Gabriel Bethlen. After being Imperial envoy in Rome and Madrid, he fought in 1623 under Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly on the Rhine and Main and became in 1624 head of the Imperial War Council in Vienna. Made a Field Marshal, he received supreme command of the campaign in Northern Italy against Charles Gonzaga of Nevers during the War of Mantuan Succession. Already very sick, he was not present at the siege and sack of Mantua on 18 July 1630. Charged of conspiring with Venice, he traveled to Vienna to defend himself, but died on the way in Chur, on 19 November 1630. References External links aeiou encyclopedia 1575 births 1630 deaths Military personnel from Mantua 16th-century Italian nobility 17th-century Italian nobility Field marshals of the Holy Roman Empire Knights of the Golden Fleece
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Niall Aadya Mason (born 10 January 1997) is an English professional footballer footballer who plays as a defender for Al Shahaniya. He was born in Brighton, and played youth football for Real Madrid, Al Sadd, Blackburn Rovers and Southampton before he signed his first professional deal at Villa. He went on to play for Doncaster Rovers and Peterborough United. Early life Niall Mason was born in Brighton in 1997 to an American father and an Indian mother. The family spent time living in Spain and Qatar. Mason is eligible to play for Qatar, the United States or England. He has said that he would like to play for Qatar if the opportunity arose. As a 7-year-old, Mason was signed by the Real Madrid academy. When David Beckham visited the academy the two would often converse, as they were the only English players at the club. He also played alongside Zinedine Zidane's sons, Enzo and Luca. He went on to play for the Al Sadd academy in Qatar when his parents moved there for work and then signed for Blackburn Rovers at the age of 13. In his early days Mason played in advanced positions, but he has gradually moved further down the pitch and now plays mostly as a defender or defensive midfielder. Career Aston Villa Mason signed his first contract with Aston Villa in 2015, after turning down a professional contract in order to join Aston Villa. Following a successful trial, he became a regular for Villa's under 21s. He joined the first team for a summer 2015 training camp in Faro, Portugal under manager Tim Sherwood. Doncaster Rovers On 6 August 2016, Mason joined Doncaster Rovers on loan until January alongside Chelsea's Jordan Houghton. Both players made their debut on the same day, in a 3–2 loss to Accrington Stanley. On 1 January 2017, Mason had his loan extended until the end of the season. On 8 May 2017 Doncaster Rovers signed Mason permanently from Aston Villa for an undisclosed fee. He scored his first goal on 23 December that year, a penalty that was the only goal of a victory away to Bristol Rovers. Three days later, he scored in the same way in a 3–0 win over Northampton Town at the Keepmoat Stadium. Mason was a regular under Darren Ferguson and then Grant McCann, but was suspended in January 2019 following his conviction. In March 2019, Mason was sacked from Doncaster Rovers as a result of his conviction for sexual assault. Peterborough United In June 2019 he signed for Peterborough United. He scored his first goal for the club in an EFL Trophy tie against Burton Albion on 8 September 2020. On 11 May 2021 it was announced that he would leave Peterborough at the end of his contract. He scored his first and only league goal for The Posh in his final appearance for the club against his former side Doncaster a few days beforehand. In August 2021, Mason had a brief trial at Dundee. His presence led to fan protests over his conviction. In December 2021, Mason returned to Qatar and after a spell playing for Lusail, he joined Qatari Second Division side Al Shahaniya. Career statistics Personal life Niall Mason was convicted of a sexual offence in January 2019, after pleading guilty to a charge relating to 18 February 2018. Prior to his appearance in court, Mason had maintained his innocence and continued his playing career. He was sentenced to six months in prison, suspended for two years and was placed on to the sex offenders register for seven years. Following the sentencing Mason claimed to have been advised to plead guilty by his legal team but continued to assert his innocence. References External links Living people 1997 births Footballers from Brighton English footballers English people of American descent English people of Indian descent Association football defenders Aston Villa F.C. players Doncaster Rovers F.C. players Peterborough United F.C. players English Football League players British people convicted of sexual assault Lusail SC players Qatari Second Division players English expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Qatar English expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
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Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II, also known as More Bob Dylan Greatest Hits, is the second compilation album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on November 17, 1971 by Columbia Records. With Dylan not expected to release any new material for an extended period of time, CBS Records president Clive Davis proposed issuing a double LP compilation of older material. Dylan agreed, compiling it himself and suggesting that the package include a full side of unreleased tracks from his archives. After submitting a set of excerpts from The Basement Tapes that Davis found unsatisfactory, Dylan returned to the studio in September 1971 to recut several Basement songs, with Happy Traum providing backup. The final package included one previously uncollected single, "Watching the River Flow", an outtake from the same sessions, "When I Paint My Masterpiece"; one song from Dylan's April 12, 1963 Town Hall concert, "Tomorrow Is a Long Time", and three songs from the September sessions, "I Shall Be Released", "You Ain't Goin' Nowhere", and "Down in the Flood". The remaining tracks were drawn from existing releases. In 2003, this album was released along with Dylan's two other Greatest Hits compilations in one four-disc set, as Greatest Hits Volumes I–III. As with The Basement Tapes and the Beatles' 1962-1966, all the selections could fit on a single 80-minute CD, but were nevertheless released on two CDs to match the LP. Artwork The album package was designed to capitalize on the publicity surrounding George Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh, about to be released as a film and album. The photograph on the album cover is a cropped version of a photo taken during Dylan's performance at the concert by the film's still photographer, Barry Feinstein. The uncropped photo, which appeared as a two-page spread in the booklet included in the album Concert for Bangla Desh (sic), also contained George Harrison, who was standing to Dylan's right. The album cover is similar to the previous volume, Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits, which utilized Rowland Scherman's 1965 photo. Reaching #14 in the US and #12 in the UK, Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II is now certified five times platinum in the US, making it one of Dylan's best-selling albums. Songs previously unreleased on LP "In one sense, 1971 and 1972 might both be considered 'lost' years," writes Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin. Neither year would produce an album, at least not an album entirely composed of newly recorded material. Between March 16 and 19, 1971, Dylan reserved three days at Blue Rock Studios, a small studio in New York's Greenwich Village. According to Heylin, "These sessions were produced by Leon Russell of Mad Dogs and Englishmen fame. Only two originals were recorded—'Watching the River Flow' and 'When I Paint My Masterpiece'—but both confronted the same subject matter, a continuing dearth of inspiration, in a refreshingly honest fashion." "When I Paint My Masterpiece" was also recorded by The Band, who would release their version first on Cahoots. Dylan's recording from Blue Rock would only see release on Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II. "Watching the River Flow" was issued as a single in June 1971, backed by "Spanish Is the Loving Tongue", which had been recorded during the New Morning sessions. Months later, Dylan would agree to release a second "greatest hits" compilation, provided he could compile it himself, issue it as a double album, and include several older compositions which he had written but never issued himself. To accommodate this last condition, Dylan took it upon himself to hold a recording session at Columbia's Recording Studios in New York. On September 24, 1971, in Columbia's Studio B, Dylan recorded four songs with his friend, Happy Traum. "He felt there were some songs that he had written that had become hits of sorts for other people, that he didn't actually perform himself," recalls Traum, "and he wanted to fit those on the record as well...So we just went in one afternoon and did it, it was just the two of us and the engineer, and it was very simple...we chose three [songs] on the spot and mixed them...in the space of an afternoon...Sometimes I wasn't even sure if it was a final take until we would just finish and Bob would say, 'Okay, let's go and mix it.'" "Crash On The Levee (Down In The Flood)", "You Ain't Going Nowhere" and "I Shall Be Released" were recorded and selected for the compilation. "Only a Hobo", an early composition dating back to 1963, was also considered for inclusion but ultimately was left unreleased until 2013's The Bootleg Series Vol. 10 – Another Self Portrait (1969–1971). A few lyrical revisions were made on "You Ain't Going Nowhere", the most notable being a reference to Roger McGuinn. "Pack up your money, pull up your tent McGuinn, you ain't going nowhere". McGuinn's band, The Byrds, had successfully recorded "You Ain't Going Nowhere" on their landmark album, Sweetheart of the Rodeo, and they even issued their recording as a single. Country musician Marty Stuart has also recorded this song. According to McGuinn in the liner notes to the 1997 reissue of Sweetheart of the Rodeo, Dylan singled him out in these lyrics for bungling Dylan's original Basement Tapes lyrics on the Byrds version of the song in which McGuinn sings "Pack up your money / Pick up your tent" instead of "Pick up your money / Pack up your tent" as Dylan had. The previously unreleased "Tomorrow Is a Long Time" was also included, with the track taken from a recording of Dylan's April 12, 1963 Town Hall concert. Other notable releases recorded in 1971 In addition to the material added to Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II, Dylan recorded a single, "George Jackson." An incarcerated black activist, George Jackson died on August 21, 1971. After reading a newspaper article about his death, Dylan quickly wrote an elegy for Jackson and rushed a small band into Blue Rock Studios to record it the following day. He recorded two versions, one following a simple acoustic arrangement, another with a full-band arrangement. Dylan also recorded another original composition, the country-flavored "Wallflower". Both versions of "George Jackson" were issued on the two sides of a single released on November 12, 1971. The single penetrated the Top 40, peaking at #33 on the Billboard Hot 100. The "Wallflower" recording was set aside and would later be released on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991, but was recorded, with Dylan's backing vocal, for Doug Sahm's 1973 recording Doug Sahm and Band. Dylan gave three significant concert performances in 1971, which were professionally recorded and eventually released. The first two came on August 1, at Madison Square Garden for a benefit concert organized by George Harrison. Dylan was not scheduled to perform, but Harrison convinced him to make a surprise appearance. Dylan performed a set at both the afternoon and evening shows, backed by Harrison on lead guitar, Leon Russell on bass, and Ringo Starr on tambourine. A selection of his performances was issued on the Grammy-winning The Concert for Bangladesh, issued on December 20, 1971. The third and final performance actually came during the first hour of 1972, when he made a surprise appearance at The Band's New Year's Eve concert at New York's Academy of Music. Dylan appeared sometime after midnight and performed four songs backed by The Band: "Crash on the Levee (Down in the Flood)", "When I Paint My Masterpiece", "Don't Ya Tell Henry" and "Like a Rolling Stone". Clinton Heylin would later describe Dylan's appearance as "a return to some approximation of peak performing powers." The concert was recorded by Phil Ramone and later mixed and compiled as The Band's Rock of Ages. However, Dylan's set would have to wait until May 2001 for official release, when it was included as part of an expanded, remastered CD edition of Rock of Ages. Track listing The UK edition has a different tracklist from that given below. "Positively 4th Street" replaces "She Belongs to Me" as the first track on disc two. ("Positively 4th Street" was missing from the 1967 UK Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits, where "She Belongs to Me" replaced it.) On side four, "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue", which had also appeared on the 1967 UK Greatest Hits album as one of the two extra tracks, is replaced by "New Morning" as track 2. References External links 1971 greatest hits albums Albums produced by Bob Johnston Albums produced by John Hammond (producer) Albums produced by Tom Wilson (record producer) Bob Dylan compilation albums Columbia Records compilation albums Albums produced by Leon Russell
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The 10th Pan Arab Games was an international multi-sport event which took place in Algiers, Algeria, between 24 September and 10 October 2004. It witnessed the participation of all Arab League members for the first time – 22 countries participated in 26 sports. The event was originally scheduled for 2003, but was postponed for a year due to the damage caused by the 2003 Boumerdès earthquake. Sports The sports programme incorporated 23 sports for elite athletes and three disability sports. Further to this, cultural and scientific events were included on the schedule for the 2004 Games. () () Disability sports Athletics Basketball Goalball Medal table Participation 22 countries were represented in the competition – constituting all the members of the Arab League at the time. References External links Archived official website Pan Arab Games Pan Arab Games Pan Arab Games Pan Arab Games, 2004 Pan Arab Games Multi-sport events in Algeria 21st century in Algiers September 2004 sports events in Africa October 2004 sports events in Africa
{'title': '2004 Pan Arab Games', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Pan%20Arab%20Games', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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"Stealin" (also called "Stealin', Stealin'") is an American blues song from the 1920s. It originated with jug bands, but gained wider popularity after several 1960s contemporary folk musicians recorded it. Although various artists have recorded different verses, the chorus has remained consistent: Origins The lines "If you don’t believe I love you, look what a fool I’ve been / If you don’t believe I’d fall for you, look what a hole I’m in" were recorded by the New Orleans jazz musician Clarence Williams in 1921 and again by Leona Williams in 1922 as "If You Don't Believe I Love You, Look What a Fool I've Been". Gus Cannon claimed to have written the opening line, "Put your arms around me like a circle 'round the sun". Consequently, Cannon is sometimes credited with authorship of the song. However, this line does not appear in any of his recorded songs, but does appear in the folk song "I Know You Rider" and may actually predate Cannon. "She's a married woman, but she comes to see me all the time" is another lyric associated with Gus Cannon, which appeared in his "Minglewood Blues" recorded January 30, 1928. Memphis Jug Band The song was first recorded by the Memphis Jug Band as "Stealin', Stealin'". The recording session took place on September 15, 1928, in Memphis, Tennessee, and featured Will Shade on harmonica, Charlie Burse lead vocal and guitar, Ben Ramey on harmony vocal and kazoo, and Jab Jones on jug. Victor Records released it as a single in 1929, with Shade listed as the songwriter. The song is included on several compilation albums. Grateful Dead "Stealin'" was recorded by the San Francisco, California-based psychedelic rock band the Grateful Dead early in their career. Known as the "Scorpio Sessions", a limited release in July 1966 by Scorpio Records included Henry Thomas's "Don't Ease Me In". On October 21, 2002, the sessions appeared on the band's twelve-CD box set The Golden Road (1965-1973). Jerry Garcia also recorded the song with friend and collaborator David Grisman, which appeared on the album Shady Grove in 1996, and on the compilation album, Acoustic Disc 100% Handmade Music, Volume 3 in 1997. Album appearances Dave Van Ronk and the Ragtime Jug Stompers, Dave Van Ronk, 1960 Great White Wonder II, Bob Dylan, 1970 Little Games, the Yardbirds, 1967 Running Down the Road, Arlo Guthrie, 1969 (also appears in the 1971 film Two-Lane Blacktop) References 1929 songs Blues songs 1966 singles American folk songs Grateful Dead songs
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Turabul Haq Dargah, is a tomb of the Sufi saint Turabul Haq, also known as Turatpeer Baba who spent most of his last days in Parbhani. About Dargah is best known for its annual fair, which has history of 108 years, thousands of followers of all religions and faiths gather together between 2 February to 15 February each year. In Parbhani this dargah is the symbol of unity between all religions. People from across the state visits the dargah. Thousands of followers of dargah claim that their wish got fulfilled after visiting this dargah. Because of huge popularity of dargah in Maharashtra state, it is often called as "Ajmer Sharif of Maharashtra". Thousands of diseased persons visit this dargah in the hope of healthy life. It is estimated that nearly 5 lakh (half million) people visited dargah during 2015 festival season between 2 February to 15 February. Transport Parbhani is in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, about away from Mumbai, away from Aurangabad and from Hyderabad. Parbhani is well connected by roads and trains to cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Amritsar, Bhopal, New Delhi, Nagpur, Pune. Nearest airport is to Parbhani is Aurangabad Airport and Nanded Airport. Gallery See also Ajmer Sharif Dargah Ashrafpur Kichhauchha Tourism in Marathwada External links Symbol of social and religious unity -In Marathi References Dargahs in India Tourist attractions in Parbhani district Parbhani Religious buildings and structures in Maharashtra
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Richard Swann Swann-Mason (4 March 1871 – 21 February 1942) was an English first-class cricketer and clergyman. Swann-Mason was born in March 1871 at Haslingfield, Cambridgeshire. He was educated at The Perse School, before graduating as a non-collegiate graduate from the University of Cambridge. After graduating, he became a clergyman in the Anglican Church. He played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire from 1896–1908, making 41 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He also played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), debuting in 1909 against Leicestershire at Lord's. Swann-Mason made two further first-class appearances for the MCC, against Leicestershire in 1910, and Cambridge University in 1914. He scored 67 runs in his three first-class matches, with a high score of 25. He served as a chaplain in the Royal Navy during the First World War, surviving the sinking of in 1915. For his services during the war, he was made an OBE in the 1919 New Year Honours. Following the war, he served as the vicar of Christ Church, Albany Street until his death at St Pancras in February 1942. References External links 1871 births 1942 deaths People from South Cambridgeshire District People educated at The Perse School Alumni of the University of Cambridge 19th-century English Anglican priests English cricketers Cambridgeshire cricketers 20th-century English Anglican priests Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Royal Navy chaplains Royal Navy personnel of World War I Members of the Order of the British Empire
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Jack Hall may refer to: Sports Jack Hall (footballer, born 1883) (1883–1949), English football forward for Stoke, Brighton & Hove Albion, Middlesbrough, Leicester Fosse and Birmingham Jack Hall (footballer, born 1885) (1885–?), English-born football manager active in the Netherlands Jack Hall (footballer, born 1890) (1890–?), English-born football fullback for Barnsley, Manchester City and Bristol Rovers Jack Hall (footballer, born 1902), played for Heywood St James, Rochdale, Great Harwood, Rossendale Utd and Bacup Borough between 1922 and 1934 Jack Hall (footballer, born 1905) (1905–?), English-born football forward for Lincoln City, Accrington Stanley and Manchester United Jack Hall (footballer, born 1912) (1912–2000), English football goalkeeper for Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur Others Jack Hall (architect) (1913–2003), American architect working in the modernist style Jack Hall (trade unionist) (1915-1971), American trade unionist in Hawaii Jack Hall (politician) (1910–1970), Australian state politician in Western Australia Mad Jack Hall (1672–1716), Jacobite-leader and property owner, tried for treason Jack Hall (song), British folksong See also John Hall (disambiguation) Hall, Jack
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The cruzado was the currency of Brazil from 1986 to 1989. It replaced the second cruzeiro (at first called the "cruzeiro novo") in 1986, at a rate of 1 cruzado = 1000 cruzeiros (novos) and was replaced in 1989 by the cruzado novo at a rate of 1000 cruzados = 1 cruzado novo. This currency was subdivided in 100 centavos and it had the symbol and the ISO 4217 code BRC. Coins Standard Stainless-steel coins were introduced in 1986 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 centavos, and 1 and 5 cruzados, with 10 cruzados following in 1987. Coin production ceased in 1988. Commemorative Three designs of commemorative 100 cruzado coins, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the country (the Lei Áurea), were produced in 1988. Although very rare in circulation, the numbers' design was carried over into both Cruzado Novo and the third Cruzeiro. Banknotes The first banknotes were overprints on cruzeiro notes, in denominations of 10, 50 and 100 cruzados. Regular notes followed in denominations of 10, 50, 100 and 500 cruzados, followed by 1000 cruzados in 1987, 5000 and 10,000 cruzados in 1988. References Cruzado 1986 establishments in Brazil 1989 disestablishments in Brazil 1980s economic history 20th century in Brazil
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Tripp Lite is an American manufacturer of power protection and connecting electrical devices. It was founded in 1922 and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The company employs more than 450 people and maintains a sales presence in over 80 countries worldwide. Tripp Lite manufactures a variety of product categories, including UPS systems, UPS replacement batteries, surge protectors, electrical cables and connectors, power inverters, KVM switches, power strips, PDUs, racks and rack cooling systems, power management software, laptop accessories, and audio/video solutions. Tripp Lite is ISO 9001 certified. History Tripp Lite grew along with the cloud computing industry with their products widely used in data centers. In 2020 Tripp Lite filed a lawsuit against the federal government over the Trump tariffs on Chinese goods. By April 2020 Tripp Lite executive Barre Seid had acquired a 100% stake in the company. Seid donated the company to the newly created political advocacy group Marble Freedom Trust. The Marble Freedom Trust is headed by Leonard Leo, a longtime leader of the Federalist Society and the primary architect of the movement to reshape the judiciary with conservative judges who went on to overturn Roe v. Wade. In March 2021 Marble Freedom Trust sold Tripp Lite to the Eaton Corporation for $1.65 billion, a transaction that may have been designed to fund conservative political causes while avoiding taxes. Awards 2013 Business Solutions Best Channel Vendor 2013 CEPro BEST Award References Technology companies of the United States Companies based in Chicago 2020 mergers and acquisitions 2021 mergers and acquisitions
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Passover, also called Pesach (; ), is a major Jewish holiday that celebrates the Biblical story of the Israelites escape from slavery in Egypt, which occurs on the 15th day of the Hebrew month of Nisan (always a Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, or Saturday), the first month of Aviv, or spring. The word Pesach or Passover can also refer to the Korban Pesach, the paschal lamb that was offered when the Temple in Jerusalem stood; to the Passover Seder, the ritual meal on Passover night; or to the Feast of Unleavened Bread. One of the biblically ordained Three Pilgrimage Festivals, Passover is traditionally celebrated in the Land of Israel for seven days and for eight days among many Jews in the Diaspora, based on the concept of . In the Bible, the seven-day holiday is known as Chag HaMatzot, the feast of unleavened bread (matzah). According to the Book of Exodus, God commanded Moses to tell the Israelites to mark a lamb's blood above their doors in order that the Angel of Death would pass over them (i.e., that they would not be touched by the tenth plague, death of the firstborn). After the death of the firstborn, Pharaoh ordered the Israelites to leave, taking whatever they want, and asked Moses to bless him in the name of the Lord. The passage goes on to state that the Passover sacrifice recalls the time when God "passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt". This story is recounted at the Passover meal in the form of the Haggadah, in fulfillment of the command "And thou shalt tell [Higgadata] thy son in that day, saying: It is because of that which the did for me when I came forth out of Egypt." The wave offering of barley was offered at Jerusalem on the second day of the festival. The counting of the sheaves is still practiced, for seven weeks until the Feast of Weeks on the 50th day, the holiday of Shavuot. Nowadays, in addition to the biblical prohibition of owning leavened foods for the duration of the holiday, the Passover Seder, at which the Haggadah is read aloud, is one of the most widely observed rituals in Judaism. Etymology The Hebrew is rendered as Tiberian , and Modern Hebrew: . The verb () is first mentioned in the Torah's account of the Exodus from Egypt, and there is some debate about its exact meaning. The commonly held assumption that it means "He passed over" (), in reference to God "passing over" (or "skipping") the houses of the Hebrews during the final of the Ten Plagues of Egypt, stems from the translation provided in the Septuagint ( in Exodus 12:23, and in Exodus 12:27.) Targum Onkelos translates as () "he had pity" coming from the Hebrew root meaning "to have pity". Cognate languages yield similar terms with distinct meanings, such as "make soft, soothe, placate" (Akkadian ), "harvest, commemoration, blow" (Egyptian), or "separate" (Arabic ). The term Pesach (Hebrew: , ) may also refer to the lamb or goat which was designated as the Passover sacrifice (called the in Hebrew). Four days before the Exodus, the Hebrews were commanded to set aside a lamb, and inspect it daily for blemishes. During the day on the 14th of Nisan, they were to slaughter the animal and use its blood to mark their lintels and door posts. Before midnight on the 15th of Nisan they were to consume the lamb. The English term "Passover" is first known to be recorded in the English language in William Tyndale's translation of the Bible, later appearing in the King James Version as well. It is a literal translation of the Hebrew term. In the King James Version, Exodus 12:23 reads: Origins The Passover ritual is "a mitzvah commanded by Torah (rather than of rabbinic origin)." Biblical narrative In the Book of Exodus In the Book of Exodus, the Israelites are enslaved in ancient Egypt. Yahweh, the god of the Israelites, appears to Moses in a burning bush and commands Moses to confront Pharaoh. To show his power, Yahweh inflicts a series of 10 plagues on the Egyptians, culminating in the 10th plague, the death of the first-born. Before this final plague Yahweh commands Moses to tell the Israelites to mark a lamb's blood above their doors in order that Yahweh will pass over them (i.e., that they will not be touched by the death of the firstborn). The biblical regulations for the observance of the festival require that all leavening be disposed of before the beginning of the 15th of Nisan. An unblemished lamb or goat, known as the or "Paschal Lamb", is to be set apart on 10th Nisan, and slaughtered at dusk as 14th Nisan ends in preparation for the 15th of Nisan when it will be eaten after being roasted. The literal meaning of the Hebrew is "between the two evenings". It is then to be eaten "that night", 15th Nisan, roasted, without the removal of its internal organs with unleavened bread, known as matzo, and bitter herbs known as . Nothing of the sacrifice on which the sun rises by the morning of the 15th of Nisan may be eaten, but must be burned. The biblical regulations pertaining to the original Passover, at the time of the Exodus only, also include how the meal was to be eaten: "with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the 's passover". The biblical requirements of slaying the Paschal lamb in the individual homes of the Hebrews and smearing the blood of the lamb on their doorways were celebrated in Egypt. However, once Israel was in the wilderness and the tabernacle was in operation, a change was made in those two original requirements. Passover lambs were to be sacrificed at the door of the tabernacle and no longer in the homes of the Jews. No longer, therefore, could blood be smeared on doorways. The passover in other biblical passages Called the "festival [of] the matzot" (Hebrew: ) in the Hebrew Bible, the commandment to keep Passover is recorded in the Book of Leviticus: The sacrifices may be performed only in a specific place prescribed by God. For Judaism, this is Jerusalem. The biblical commandments concerning the Passover (and the Feast of Unleavened Bread) stress the importance of remembering: Exodus 12:14 commands, in reference to God's sparing of the firstborn from the Tenth Plague: "And this day shall be unto you for a memorial, and ye shall keep it a feast to the ; throughout your generations ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever." Exodus 13:3 repeats the command to remember: "Remember this day, in which you came out of Egypt, out of the house of bondage, for by strength the hand of the brought you out from this place." Deuteronomy 16:12: "And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt; and thou shalt observe and do these statutes". In 2 Kings 23:21–23 and 2 Chronicles 35:1–19, King Josiah of Judah restores the celebration of the Passover, to a standard not seen since the days of the judges or the days of the prophet Samuel. Ezra 6:19–21 records the celebration of the passover by the Jews who had returned from exile in Babylon, after the temple had been rebuilt. In extra-biblical sources Some of these details can be corroborated, and to some extent amplified, in extrabiblical sources. The removal (or "sealing up") of the leaven is referred to in the Elephantine papyri, an Aramaic papyrus from 5th century BCE Elephantine in Egypt. The slaughter of the lambs on the 14th is mentioned in The Book of Jubilees, a Jewish work of the Ptolemaic period, and by the Herodian-era writers Josephus and Philo. These sources also indicate that "between the two evenings" was taken to mean the afternoon. Jubilees states the sacrifice was eaten that night, and together with Josephus states that nothing of the sacrifice was allowed to remain until morning. Philo states that the banquet included hymns and prayers. Date and duration The Passover begins on the 15th day of the month of Nisan, which at present falls between March 26 and April 25 of the Gregorian calendar. The 15th day begins in the evening, after the 14th day, and the seder meal is eaten that evening. Passover is a spring festival, so the 15th day of Nisan typically begins on the night of a full moon after the northern vernal equinox. However, due to leap months falling after the vernal equinox, Passover sometimes starts on the second full moon after vernal equinox, as in 2016. To ensure that Passover did not start before spring, the tradition in ancient Israel held that the lunar new year, the first day of Nisan, would not start until the barley was ripe, being the test for the onset of spring. If the barley was not ripe, or various other phenomena indicated that spring was not yet imminent, an intercalary month (Adar II) would be added. However, since at least the 4th century, the intercalation has been fixed mathematically according to the Metonic cycle. In Israel, Passover is the seven-day holiday of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, with the first and last days celebrated as legal holidays and as holy days involving holiday meals, special prayer services, and abstention from work; the intervening days are known as Chol HaMoed ("Weekdays [of] the Festival"). Jews outside the Land of Israel celebrate the festival for eight days. Reform and Reconstructionist Jews usually celebrate the holiday over seven days. Karaites use a different version of the Jewish calendar, differing from that used with modern Jewish calendar by one or two days. The Samaritans use a calendrical system that uses a different method from that current in Jewish practice, in order to determine their timing of feastdays. In 2009, for example, Nisan 15 on the Jewish calendar used by Rabbinic Judaism corresponds to April 9. On the calendars used by Karaites and Samaritans, Abib or Aviv 15 (as opposed to 'Nisan') corresponds to April 11 in 2009. The Karaite and Samaritan Passovers are each one day long, followed by the six-day Festival of Unleavened Bread – for a total of seven days. Passover sacrifice The main entity in Passover according to Judaism is the sacrificial lamb. During the existence of the Tabernacle and later the Temple in Jerusalem, the focus of the Passover festival was the Passover sacrifice (Hebrew: korban Pesach), also known as the Paschal lamb, eaten during the Passover Seder on the 15th of Nisan. Every family large enough to completely consume a young lamb or wild goat was required to offer one for sacrifice at the Jewish Temple on the afternoon of the 14th day of Nisan, and eat it that night, which was the 15th of Nisan. If the family was too small to finish eating the entire offering in one sitting, an offering was made for a group of families. The sacrifice could not be offered with anything leavened, and had to be roasted, without its head, feet, or inner organs being removed and eaten together with unleavened bread (matzo) and bitter herbs (maror). One had to be careful not to break any bones from the offering, and none of the meat could be left over by morning. Because of the Passover sacrifice's status as a sacred offering, the only people allowed to eat it were those who had the obligation to bring the offering. Among those who could not offer or eat the Passover lamb were an apostate, a servant, an uncircumcised man a person in a state of ritual impurity, except when a majority of Jews are in such a state, and a non-Jew. The offering had to be made before a quorum of 30. In the Temple, the Levites sang Hallel while the priests performed the sacrificial service. Men and women were equally obligated regarding the offering (Pesahim 91b). Today, in the absence of the Temple, when no sacrifices are offered or eaten, the mitzvah of the Korban Pesach is memorialized in the Seder Korban Pesach, a set of scriptural and Rabbinic passages dealing with the Passover sacrifice, customarily recited after the Mincha (afternoon prayer) service on the 14th of Nisan, and in the form of the zeroa, a symbolic food placed on the Passover Seder Plate (but not eaten), which is usually a roasted shankbone (or a chicken wing or neck). The eating of the afikoman substitutes for the eating of the Korban Pesach at the end of the Seder meal (Mishnah Pesachim 119a). Many Sephardi Jews have the custom of eating lamb or goat meat during the Seder in memory of the Korban Pesach. Removing all leaven (chametz) Leaven, in Hebrew chametz (Hebrew: חמץ ḥamets, "leavening") is made from one of five types of grains combined with water and left to stand for more than eighteen minutes. The consumption, keeping, and owning of chametz is forbidden during Passover. Yeast and fermentation are not themselves forbidden as seen for example by wine, which is required, rather than merely permitted. According to Halakha, the ownership of such chametz is also proscribed. Chametz does not include baking soda, baking powder or like products. Although these are defined in English as leavening agents, they leaven by chemical reaction, not by biological fermentation. Thus, bagels, waffles and pancakes made with baking soda and matzo meal are considered permissible, while bagels made with sourdough and pancakes and waffles made with yeast are prohibited. The Torah commandments regarding chametz are: To remove all chametz from one's home, including things made with chametz, before the first day of Passover It may be simply used up, thrown out (historically, destroyed by burning), or given or sold to non-Jews. To refrain from eating chametz or mixtures containing chametz during Passover. Not to possess chametz in one's domain (i.e. home, office, car, etc.) during Passover. Observant Jews spend the weeks before Passover in a flurry of thorough housecleaning, to remove every morsel of chametz from every part of the home. Jewish law requires the elimination of olive-sized or larger quantities of leavening from one's possession, but most housekeeping goes beyond this. Even the seams of kitchen counters are thoroughly cleaned to remove traces of flour and yeast, however small. Any containers or implements that have touched chametz are stored and not used during Passover. Some hotels, resorts, and even cruise ships across America, Europe, and Israel also undergo a thorough housecleaning to make their premises "kosher for Pesach" to cater to observant Jews. Interpretations for abstinence from leaven or yeast Some scholars suggest that the command to abstain from leavened food or yeast suggests that sacrifices offered to God involve the offering of objects in "their least altered state", that would be nearest to the way in which they were initially made by God. According to other scholars the absence of leaven or yeast means that leaven or yeast symbolizes corruption and spoiling. There are also variations with restrictions on eating matzah before Passover so that there will be an increased appetite for it during Passover itself. Primarily among Chabad Chassidim, there is a custom of not eating matzoh (flat unleavened bread) in the 30 days before Passover begins. Others have a custom to refrain from eating matzah from Rosh Chodesh Nissan, while the halacha merely restricts one from eating matzah on the day before Passover. Sale of leaven Leaven or chametz may be sold rather than discarded, especially in the case of relatively valuable forms such as liquor distilled from wheat, with the products being repurchased afterward. In some cases, they may never leave the house, instead being formally sold while remaining in the original owner's possession in a locked cabinet until they can be repurchased after the holiday. Modern observance may also include sealing cabinets and drawers which contain "Chametz" shut by using adhesive tape, which serves a similar purpose to a lock but also shows evidence of tampering. Although the practice of selling "Chametz" dates back many years, some Reform rabbinical authorities have come to regard it with disdain – since the supposed "new owner" never takes actual possession of the goods. The sale of chametz may also be conducted communally via a rabbi, who becomes the "agent" for all the community's Jews through a halakhic procedure called a kinyan (acquisition). Each householder must put aside all the chametz he is selling into a box or cupboard, and the rabbi enters into a contract to sell all the chametz to a non-Jew (who is not obligated to celebrate the commandments) in exchange for a small down payment (e.g. $1.00), with the remainder due after Passover. This sale is considered completely binding according to Halakha, and at any time during the holiday, the buyer may come to take or partake of his property. The rabbi then re-purchases the goods for less than they were sold at the end of the holiday. Search for leaven On the night of the fourteenth of Nisan, the night before the Passover Seder (after nightfall on the evening before Passover eve), Jews do a formal search in their homes known as bedikat chametz for any possible remaining leaven (chametz). The Talmudic sages instructed that a search for chametz be made in every home, place of work, or any place where chametz may have been brought during the year. When the first Seder is on a Saturday night, the search is conducted on the preceding Thursday night (thirteenth of Nisan) as chametz cannot be burned during Shabbat. The Talmud in Pesahim (p. 2a) derives from the Torah that the search for chametz be conducted by the light of a candle and therefore is done at night, and although the final destruction of the chametz (usually by burning it in a small bonfire) is done on the next morning, the blessing is made at night because the search is both in preparation for and part of the commandments to remove and destroy all chametz from one's possession. Blessing for search of chametz and nullification of chametz Before the search is begun there is a special blessing. If several people or family members assist in the search then only one person, usually the head of that family recites the blessing having in mind to include everyone present: Blessed are You, Hashem our God, King of the universe, Who has sanctified us with his commandments and has commanded us concerning the removal of chametz. In Hebrew: ברוך אתה י-הוה א-להינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו על בעור חמץ (berūkh otah, Adoynoy E-lohaynū, melekh ha-‘ôlam, eser qedesh-nū be-mitsūtayu we-tsewinū ‘al be-ôr ḥamets) The search is then usually conducted by the head of the household joined by his family including children under the supervision of their parents. It is customary to turn off the lights and conduct the search by candlelight, using a feather and a wooden spoon: candlelight effectively illuminates corners without casting shadows; the feather can dust crumbs out of their hiding places; and the wooden spoon which collects the crumbs can be burned the next day with the chametz. However, most contemporary Jewish-Orthodox authorities permit using a flashlight, while some strongly encourage it due to the danger coupled with using a candle. Because the house is assumed to have been thoroughly cleaned by the night before Passover, there is some concern that making a blessing over the search for chametz will be in vain (bracha l'vatala) if nothing is found. Thus, 10 morsels of bread or cereal smaller than the size of an olive are traditionally hidden throughout the house in order to ensure that some chametz will be found. Upon conclusion of the search, with all the small pieces safely wrapped up and put in one bag or place, to be burned the next morning, the following is said: Any chametz or leaven that is in my possession which I have not seen and have not removed and do not know about should be annulled and become ownerless like the dust of the earth. Original declaration as recited in Aramaic: כל חמירא וחמיעא דאכא ברשותי דלא חמתה ודלא בערתה ודלא ידענא לה לבטל ולהוי הפקר כעפרא דארעא Morning of 14th of Nisan Note that if the 14th of Nisan is Shabbat, many of the below will be celebrated on the 13th instead due to restrictions in place during Shabbat. Fast of the Firstborn On the day preceding the first Passover seder (or on Thursday morning preceding the seder, when the first seder falls on Motza'ei Shabbat), firstborn sons are commanded to celebrate the Fast of the Firstborn which commemorates the salvation of the Hebrew firstborns. According to Exodus 12:29, God struck down all Egyptian firstborns while the Israelites were not affected. However, it is customary for synagogues to conduct a siyum (ceremony marking the completion of a section of Torah learning) right after morning prayers, and the celebratory meal that follows cancels the firstborn's obligation to fast. Burning and nullification of leaven On the morning of the 14th of Nisan, any leavened products that remain in the householder's possession, along with the 10 morsels of bread from the previous night's search, are burned (s'rayfat chametz). The head of the household repeats the declaration of biyur chametz, declaring any chametz that may not have been found to be null and void "as the dust of the earth": Any chametz or leaven that is in my possession which I have not seen and have not removed and do not know about should be annulled and become ownerless like the dust of the earth. The original declaration, as recited in Aramaic, is: כל חמירא וחמיעא דאכא ברשותי דלא חמתה ודלא בערתה ודלא ידענא לה לבטל ולהוי הפקר כעפרא דארעא Should more chametz actually be found in the house during the Passover holiday, it must be burnt as soon as possible. Unlike chametz, which can be eaten any day of the year except during Passover, kosher for Passover foods can be eaten year-round. They need not be burnt or otherwise discarded after the holiday ends. The historic "Paschal lamb" Passover sacrifice (Korban Pesach) has not been brought following the Romans' destruction of the Second Jewish temple approximately two thousand years ago, and it is therefore still not part of the modern Jewish holiday. In the times when the Jewish Temples stood, the lamb was slaughtered and cooked on the evening of Passover and was completely consumed before the morning as described in Exodus 12:3–11. Not eating Matzah from sunrise thru sunset (day before Passover) Even Kosher for Passover matzah cannot be eaten all day Erev Pesach. Some even practice this up to 30 days before. In some way this restriction is analogous to how the blowing of the Shofar, done by Ashkenazic Jews the month preceding Rosh Hashana, is not done on the day before that Holiday. Separate kosher for Passover utensils and dishes Due to the Torah injunction not to eat chametz (leaven) during Passover, observant families typically own complete sets of serving dishes, glassware and silverware (and in some cases, even separate dishwashers and sinks) which have never come into contact with chametz, for use only during Passover. Under certain circumstances, some chametz utensils can be immersed in boiling water (hagalat keilim) to purge them of any traces of chametz that may have accumulated during the year. Many Sephardic families thoroughly wash their year-round glassware and then use it for Passover, as the Sephardic position is that glass does not absorb enough traces of food to present a problem. Similarly, ovens may be used for Passover either by setting the self-cleaning function to the highest degree for a certain period of time, or by applying a blow torch to the interior until the oven glows red hot (a process called libun gamur). Matzah A symbol of the Passover holiday is matzo, an unleavened flatbread made solely from flour and water which is continually worked from mixing through baking, so that it is not allowed to rise. Matzo may be made by machine or by hand. The Torah contains an instruction to eat matzo, specifically, on the first night of Passover and to eat only unleavened bread (in practice, matzo) during the entire week of Passover. Consequently, the eating of matzo figures prominently in the Passover Seder. There are several explanations for this. The Torah says that it is because the Hebrews left Egypt with such haste that there was no time to allow baked bread to rise; thus flat, unleavened bread, matzo, is a reminder of the rapid departure of the Exodus. Other scholars teach that in the time of the Exodus, matzo was commonly baked for the purpose of traveling because it preserved well and was light to carry (making it similar to hardtack), suggesting that matzo was baked intentionally for the long journey ahead. Matzo has also been called Lechem Oni (Hebrew: "bread of poverty"). There is an attendant explanation that matzo serves as a symbol to remind Jews what it is like to be a poor slave and to promote humility, appreciate freedom, and avoid the inflated ego symbolized by more luxurious leavened bread. Shmura matzo ("watched" or "guarded" matzo), is the bread of preference for the Passover Seder in Orthodox Jewish communities. Shmura matzo is made from wheat that is guarded from contamination by leaven (chametz) from the time of summer harvest to its baking into matzos five to ten months later. In the weeks before Passover, matzos are prepared for holiday consumption. In many Orthodox Jewish communities, men traditionally gather in groups ("chaburas") to bake handmade matzo for use at the Seder, the dough being rolled by hand, resulting in a large and round matzo. Chaburas also work together in machine-made matzo factories, which produce the typically square-shaped matzo sold in stores. The baking of matzo is labor-intensive, as less than 18 minutes is permitted between the mixing of flour and water to the conclusion of baking and removal from the oven. Consequently, only a small number of matzos can be baked at one time, and the chabura members are enjoined to work the dough constantly so that it is not allowed to ferment and rise. A special cutting tool is run over the dough just before baking to prick any bubbles which might make the matza puff up; this creates the familiar dotted holes in the matzo. After the matzos come out of the oven, the entire work area is scrubbed down and swept to make sure that no pieces of old, potentially leavened dough remain, as any stray pieces are now chametz, and can contaminate the next batch of matzo. Some machine-made matzos are completed within 5 minutes of being kneaded. Passover seder It is traditional for Jewish families to gather on the first night of Passover (first two nights in Orthodox and Conservative communities outside Israel) for a special dinner called a seder (Hebrew: סדר seder – derived from the Hebrew word for "order" or "arrangement", referring to the very specific order of the ritual). The table is set with the finest china and silverware to reflect the importance of the meal. During this meal, the story of the Exodus from Egypt is retold using a special text called the Haggadah. A total of four cups of wine are consumed during the recitation of the Haggadah. The seder is divided by the haggadah into the following 15 parts: Kadeish/ Qadēsh קדש – recital of Kiddush blessing and drinking of the first cup of wine Urchatz/ Ūr·ḥats/ Ūr·ḥaṣ ורחץ – the washing of the hands – without blessing Karpas כרפס – dipping of the karpas in salt water Yachatz/ Yaḥats/ Yaḥaṣ יחץ – breaking the middle matzo; the larger piece becomes the afikoman which is eaten later during the ritual of Tzafun Maggid/ Maggiyd מגיד – retelling the Passover story, including the recital of "the four questions" and drinking of the second cup of wine Rachtzah/ Raḥ·tsah/ Raḥ·ṣah רחצה – second washing of the hands – with blessing Motzi/ Môtsiy’/ Môṣiy’ מוציא – traditional blessing before eating bread products Matzo/ Maṣo מצה – blessing before eating matzo Maror מרור – eating of the maror Koreich/ Korēkh כורך – eating of a sandwich made of matzo and maror Shulchan oreich/ Shūl·ḥan ‘ôrēkh שולחן עורך – lit. "set table" – the serving of the holiday meal Tzafun/ Tsafūn/ Ṣafūn צפון – eating of the afikoman Bareich/ Barēkh ברך – blessing after the meal and drinking of the third cup of wine Hallel הלל – recital of the Hallel, traditionally recited on festivals; drinking of the fourth cup of wine Nirtzah/ Niyr·tsah/ Niyr·ṣah נירצה – conclusion These 15 parts parallel the 15 steps in the Temple in Jerusalem on which the Levites stood during Temple services, and which were memorialized in the 15 Psalms (#120–134) known as Shir HaMa'a lot (Hebrew: shiyr ha-ma‘alôth, "Songs of Ascent"). The seder is replete with questions, answers, and unusual practices (e.g. the recital of Kiddush which is not immediately followed by the blessing over bread, which is the traditional procedure for all other holiday meals) to arouse the interest and curiosity of the children at the table. The children are also rewarded with nuts and candies when they ask questions and participate in the discussion of the Exodus and its aftermath. Likewise, they are encouraged to search for the afikoman, the piece of matzo which is the last thing eaten at the seder. Audience participation and interaction is the rule, and many families' seders last long into the night with animated discussions and singing. The seder concludes with additional songs of praise and faith printed in the Haggadah, including Chad Gadya ("One Little Kid" or "One Little Goat"). Maror Maror (bitter herbs) symbolizes the bitterness of slavery in Egypt. The following verse from the Torah underscores that symbolism: "And they embittered (Hebrew: וימררו ve-yimareru) their lives with hard labor, with mortar and with bricks and with all manner of labor in the field; any labor that they made them do was with hard labor" (Exodus 1:14). Four cups of wine There is a Rabbinic requirement that four cups of wine are to be drunk during the seder meal. This applies to both men and women. The Mishnah says (Pes. 10:1) that even the poorest man in Israel has an obligation to drink. Each cup is connected to a different part of the seder: the first cup is for Kiddush, the second cup is connected with the recounting of the Exodus, the drinking of the third cup concludes Birkat Hamazon and the fourth cup is associated with Hallel. A fifth cup of wine is poured near the end of the seder for Eliyahu HaNavi, a symbol of the future redemption, which is left un-touched. The four questions and participation of children Children have a very important role in the Passover seder. Traditionally the youngest child is prompted to ask questions about the Passover seder, beginning with the words, Mah Nishtana HaLeila HaZeh (Why is this night different from all other nights?). The questions encourage the gathering to discuss the significance of the symbols in the meal. The questions asked by the child are: Why is this night different from all other nights? On all other nights, we eat either unleavened or leavened bread, but tonight we eat only unleavened bread? On all other nights, we eat all kinds of vegetables, but tonight, we eat only bitter herbs? On all other nights, we do not dip [our food] even once, but tonight we dip twice? On all other nights, we eat either sitting or reclining, but tonight we only recline? Often the leader of the seder and the other adults at the meal will use prompted responses from the Haggadah, which states, "The more one talks about the Exodus from Egypt, the more praiseworthy he is." Many readings, prayers, and stories are used to recount the story of the Exodus. Many households add their own commentary and interpretation and often the story of the Jews is related to the theme of liberation and its implications worldwide. Afikoman The afikoman – an integral part of the Seder itself – is used to engage the interest and excitement of the children at the table. During the fourth part of the Seder, called Yachatz, the leader breaks the middle piece of matzo into two. He sets aside the larger portion as the afikoman. Many families use the afikoman as a device for keeping the children awake and alert throughout the Seder proceedings by hiding the afikoman and offering a prize for its return. Alternatively, the children are allowed to "steal" the afikoman and demand a reward for its return. In either case, the afikoman must be consumed during the twelfth part of the Seder, Tzafun. Concluding songs After the Hallel, the fourth glass of wine is drunk, and participants recite a prayer that ends in "Next year in Jerusalem!". This is followed by several lyric prayers that expound upon God's mercy and kindness, and give thanks for the survival of the Jewish people through a history of exile and hardship. "Echad Mi Yodea" ("Who Knows One?") is a playful song, testing the general knowledge of the children (and the adults). Some of these songs, such as "Chad Gadya" are allegorical. Hallel Hallel is also part of the daily prayer service during Passover. The first day(s) it is said in its entirety (as is the case on Shavuot and all of Succot. For the remainder of the Holiday, only half Hallel is recited. Counting of the Omer Beginning on the second night of Passover, the 16th day of Nisan, Jews begin the practice of the Counting of the Omer, a nightly reminder of the approach of the holiday of Shavuot 50 days hence. Each night after the evening prayer service, men and women recite a special blessing and then enumerate the day of the Omer. On the first night, for example, they say, "Today is the first day in (or, to) the Omer"; on the second night, "Today is the second day in the Omer." The counting also involves weeks; thus, the seventh day is commemorated, "Today is the seventh day, which is one week in the Omer." The eighth day is marked, "Today is the eighth day, which is one week and one day in the Omer," etc. When the Temple stood in Jerusalem, a sheaf of new-cut barley was presented before the altar on the second day of Unleavened Bread. Josephus writes:On the second day of unleavened bread, that is to say the sixteenth, our people partake of the crops which they have reaped and which have not been touched till then, and esteeming it right first to do homage to God, to whom they owe the abundance of these gifts, they offer to him the first-fruits of the barley in the following way. After parching and crushing the little sheaf of ears and purifying the barley for grinding, they bring to the altar an assaron for God, and, having flung a handful thereof on the altar, they leave the rest for the use of the priests. Thereafter all are permitted, publicly or individually, to begin harvest. Since the destruction of the Temple, this offering is brought in word rather than deed. One explanation for the Counting of the Omer is that it shows the connection between Passover and Shavuot. The physical freedom that the Hebrews achieved at the Exodus from Egypt was only the beginning of a process that climaxed with the spiritual freedom they gained at the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. Another explanation is that the newborn nation which emerged after the Exodus needed time to learn their new responsibilities vis-a-vis Torah and mitzvot before accepting God's law. The distinction between the Omer offering – a measure of barley, typically animal fodder – and the Shavuot offering – two loaves of wheat bread, human food – symbolizes the transition process. Chol HaMoed: The intermediate days of Passover In Israel, Passover lasts for seven days with the first and last days being major Jewish holidays. In Orthodox and Conservative communities, no work is performed on those days, with most of the rules relating to the observances of Shabbat being applied. Outside Israel, in Orthodox and Conservative communities, the holiday lasts for eight days with the first two days and last two days being major holidays. In the intermediate days necessary work can be performed. Reform Judaism observes Passover over seven days, with the first and last days being major holidays. Like the holiday of Sukkot, the intermediary days of Passover are known as Chol HaMoed (festival weekdays) and are imbued with a semi-festive status. It is a time for family outings and picnic lunches of matzo, hardboiled eggs, fruits and vegetables, and Passover treats such as macaroons and homemade candies. Passover cake recipes call for potato starch or Passover cake flour made from finely granulated matzo instead of regular flour, and a large amount of eggs to achieve fluffiness. Cookie recipes use matzo farfel (broken bits of matzo) or ground nuts as the base. For families with Eastern European backgrounds, borsht, a soup made with beets, is a Passover tradition. While kosher for Passover packaged goods are available in stores, some families opt to cook everything from scratch during Passover week. In Israel, families that do not kasher their ovens can bake cakes, casseroles, and even meat on the stovetop in a Wonder Pot, an Israeli invention consisting of three parts: an aluminium pot shaped like a Bundt pan, a hooded cover perforated with venting holes, and a thick, round, metal disc with a center hole which is placed between the Wonder Pot and the flame to disperse heat. Seventh day of Passover Shvi'i shel Pesach (שביעי של פסח) ("seventh [day] of Passover") is another full Jewish holiday, with special prayer services and festive meals. Outside the Land of Israel, in the Jewish diaspora, Shvi'i shel Pesach is celebrated on both the seventh and eighth days of Passover. This holiday commemorates the day the Children of Israel reached the Red Sea and witnessed both the miraculous "Splitting of the Sea" (Passage of the Red Sea), the drowning of all the Egyptian chariots, horses and soldiers that pursued them. According to the Midrash, only the Pharaoh was spared to give testimony to the miracle that occurred. Hasidic Rebbes traditionally hold a tish on the night of Shvi'i shel Pesach and place a cup or bowl of water on the table before them. They use this opportunity to speak about the Splitting of the Sea to their disciples, and sing songs of praise to God. Second Passover The "Second Passover" (Pesach Sheni) on the 14th of Iyar in the Hebrew calendar is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Numbers as a make-up day for people who were unable to offer the pesach sacrifice at the appropriate time due to ritual impurity or distance from Jerusalem. Just as on the first Pesach night, breaking bones from the second Paschal offering or leaving meat over until morning is prohibited. Today, Pesach Sheni on the 14th of Iyar has the status of a very minor holiday (so much so that many of the Jewish people have never even heard of it, and it essentially does not exist outside of Orthodox and traditional Conservative Judaism). There are not really any special prayers or observances that are considered Jewish law. The only change in the liturgy is that in some communities Tachanun, a penitential prayer omitted on holidays, is not said. There is a custom, though not Jewish law, to eat just one piece of matzo on that night. Traditional foods Because the house is free of leaven (chametz) for eight days, the Jewish household typically eats different foods during the week of Passover. Some include: Ashkenazi foods Matzah brei – Matzo softened in milk or water and fried with egg and fat; served either savory or sweet Matzo kugel – A kugel made with matzo instead of noodles Charoset – A sweet mixture of fruit, fresh, dried or both; nuts; spices; honey; and sometimes wine. The charoset is a symbol of the mortar the Israelites used for building while enslaved in Egypt (See Passover seder) Chrain – Horseradish and beet relish Gefilte fish – Poached fish patties or fish balls made from a mixture of ground, de-boned fish, mostly carp or pike Chicken soup with matzah balls (kneydlach) – Chicken soup served with matzo-meal dumplings Passover noodles – Noodles prepared from potato flour and eggs, served in soup. Batter is fried like thin crepes, which are stacked, rolled up and sliced into ribbons. Sephardi foods Kafteikas di prasa – Fried balls made of leeks, meat, and matzo meal Lamb or chicken leg – A symbol of God's strong hand, and korban pesach Mina (pastel di pesach) – a meat pie made with matzos Spring green vegetables – artichoke, fava beans, peas Related celebrations, sermons, liturgy, and song in other religions That slaves can go free, and that the future can be better than the present, has inspired a number of religious sermons, prayers, and songs – including spirituals (what used to be called "Negro Spirituals"), within the African-American community. Philip R. Alstat, known for his fiery rhetoric and powerful oratory skills, wrote and spoke in 1939 about the power of the Passover story during the rise of Nazi persecution and terror: Saint Thomas Syrian Christians observe Maundy Thursday as Pesaha, a Malayalam word derived from the Aramaic or Hebrew word for Passover (Pasha, Pesach or Pesah) The tradition of consuming Pesaha Appam after the church service is observed by the entire community under the leadership of the head of the family. ref></ref> The Samaritan religion celebrates its own, similar Passover holiday, based on the Samaritan Pentateuch. Passover is also celebrated in Karaite Judaism, which rejects the Oral Torah that characterizes mainstream Rabbinic Judaism, as well as other groups claiming affiliation with Israelites. Christianity celebrates Easter (not to be confused with the pre-Christian Saxon festival from which it derives its English name) and its date in the calendar. The coincidence of Jesus' crucifixion with the Jewish Passover led some early Christians to make a false etymological association between Hebrew Pesach and Greek pascho ("suffer"). In Islam, Ashura commemorates Moses's escape from Egypt through two days of fasting on 10th Muharram. The 2014-published The Legislative Themes of Centralization: From Mandate to Demise ties Passover to apotropaic rite, unrelated to the Exodus. See also The Exodus Decoded Gebrochts Jewish greetings Kitniyot Ashura References External links Passover Resources – ReformJudaism.org Guide to Passover – chabad.org 'Peninei Halakha' Jewish Law – Yhb.org.il Aish.com Passover Primer Jewish Encyclopedia: Passover Akhlah: The Jewish Children's Learning Network All about Pesach Secular dates for passover Hallel Jewish festivals Moses Nisan observances
{'title': 'Passover', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Works by artists from San Pedro, California, United States, are found in museums and galleries around the world. Elmer Albert Batters (1919–1997): fashion and glamour photographer Ray Carofano (born 1942): photographer and curator; his work has been exhibited in over 60 galleries and museums, and in photography books and journals in the US and abroad; has lectured and taught workshops at various colleges and universities Misty Copeland (born 1982): one of the first African-American female soloists with the American Ballet Theatre; has been described as the muse of popular musician Prince Eugene L. Daub (born 1942): contemporary figure sculptor; sculptor of the statue of Rosa Parks installed in the US Capitol building in 2013; attended and taught at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, and taught there; instructor at the Scottsdale Artists' School; designer of the first Philadelphia Liberty Medal, awarded every year to a champion of world peace Ron Linden (born 1940): abstract painter, independent curator, and college art instructor; lives and works in San Pedro Jay McCafferty (born 1948): creates art through a process of solar burning; has a massive body of work with exhibitions in museums and galleries across the U.S. Jay Meuser (1911–1963): painter who lived in San Pedro from 1944; a bronze plaque in his honor is mounted on a building in the heart of the art gallery district at 343 West Seventh Street Mister Cartoon (Mark Machado) (born 1970): Mexican-American artist of designs, sneakers, tattoos, Joker Brand clothing, album covers, video game atmospheres, and public works Scott Stantis (born 1959): editorial cartoonist for the Chicago Tribune and USA Today; created the comic strips The Buckets and Prickly City; resided in San Pedro 1977-1986 References Culture of Los Angeles Artists from Los Angeles People from San Pedro, Los Angeles San Pedro artists
{'title': 'List of San Pedro artists', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20San%20Pedro%20artists', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Process Specification Language (PSL) is a set of logic terms used to describe processes. The logic terms are specified in an ontology that provides a formal description of the components and their relationships that make up a process. The ontology was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and has been approved as an international standard in the document ISO 18629. The Process Specification Language can be used for the representation of manufacturing, engineering and business processes, including production scheduling, process planning, workflow management, business process reengineering, simulation, process realization, process modelling, and project management. In the manufacturing domain, PSL's objective is to serve as a common representation for integrating several process-related applications throughout the manufacturing process life cycle. Ontology The foundation of the ontology of PSL is a set of primitive concepts (object, activity, activity_occurrence, timepoint), constants (inf+, inf-), functions (beginof, endof), and relations (occurrence_of, participates_in, between, before, exists_at, is_occurring_at). This core ontology is then used to describe more complex concepts. The ontology uses the Common Logic Interchange Format (CLIF) to represent the concepts, constants, functions, and relations. This ontology provides a vocabulary of classes and relations for concepts at the ground level of event-instances, object-instances, and timepoints. PSL's top level is built around the following: Activity, a class or type of action, such as install-part, which is the class of actions in which parts are installed Activity-occurrence, an event or action that takes place at a specific place and time, such as a specific instance of install-part occurring at a specific timestamp Timepoint, a point in time Object, anything that is not a timepoint or an activity. See also ISO TC 184/SC 4, standards for industrial data Process ontology, ontologies for processes References Ontology (information science) ISO 18629
{'title': 'Process Specification Language', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20Specification%20Language', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Fernando Sánchez Polack (11 August 1920 – 24 January 1982) was a Spanish actor. He appeared in more than 110 films and television shows between 1959 and 1982, mostly of them as a supporting character in Spaghetti Western films. He starred in the 1966 film La caza, which won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 16th Berlin International Film Festival. On 1 December 1981 he was hospitalized from a paraplegia at Residencia Sanitaria Provincial and he died on 24 January 1982 aged 61 from a cardiac arrest. Selected filmography Los tramposos (1959) - Ayudante truhán La fiel infantería (1960) - Sargento Asterio Los económicamente débiles (1960) Trío de damas (1960) - Horacio, un basurero Don Mendo's Revenche (1962) - Barón de Vedia The Balcony of the Moon (1962) Weeping for a Bandit (1964) - Antonio A Fistful of Dollars (1964) - Rojo Gang Member Crushed by Wine Cask (uncredited) I due violenti (1964) - Hombre de Barnes Los dinamiteros (1964) - Obrero en mausoleo Minnesota Clay (1964) - (uncredited) Búsqueme a esa chica (1964) - Mariano Jesse James' Kid (1965) The Art of Living (1965) Posición avanzada (1966) - Sargento Díaz With the East Wind (1966) - Francisco Vázquez Nuevo en esta plaza (1966) - Torero Nueve cartas a Berta (1966) - Padre Echarri La caza (1966) - Juan La busca (1966) - Tomás The Drums of Tabu (1966) - Anahita's Father (uncredited) The Ugly Ones (1966) The Big Gundown (1966) - Sheriff of Willow Creek City (uncredited) Django Does Not Forgive (1966) Ballad of a Gunman (1967) - Saloon Owner (uncredited) Bewitched Love (1967) - Padre de Candelas Crónica de nueve meses (1967) - Eugenio - conductor del autobús De cuerpo presente (1967) - Jefe de policía Novios 68 (1967) - Guardia urbano Club de solteros (1967) - Paco Peppermint Frappé (1967) - Patient (uncredited) Les têtes brûlées (1967) Los flamencos (1968) Los subdesarrollados (1968) - Jefe de bomberos La dinamita está servida (1968) - Pepe Stress-es tres-tres (1968) - Juan Long-Play (1968) - Jacinto Tiempos de Chicago (1969) - Rico Pagó cara su muerte (1969) Adiós cordera (1969) - Don Julián Blood in the Bullring (1969) - Félix Macabre (1969) - Comisario Los desafíos (1969) - Benito (segment 2) El ángel (1969) - Delincuente A Bullet for Sandoval (1969) - Mexican Officer (uncredited) Los escondites (1969) Homicidios en Chicago (1969) El niño y el potro (Más allá de río Miño) (1969) - Don Lorenzo - alcalde The Pizza Triangle (1970) - District Head of Communist Party Il trapianto (1970) La ley de una raza (1970) El bosque del lobo (1970) - Vilairo The Wind's Fierce (1970) - Pedro Las melancólicas (1971) 20,000 dólares por un cadáver (1971) Captain Apache (1971) - Guitarist The House of the Doves (1972) - Sirviente de Fernando La garbanza negra, que en paz descanse... (1972) - Bombero jefe The Cannibal Man (1972) - Señor Ambrosio Pancho Villa (1972) - Manuel El Retorno de Walpurgis (1973) - Maurice, Waldemar's valet The Guerrilla (1973) - Guerrillero La leyenda del alcalde de Zalamea (1973) - Alguacil Vengeance of the Zombies (1973) - Augusto Murder in a Blue World (1973) - Rehabilitado Verflucht dies Amerika (1973) The King is the Best Mayor (1974) - Yuntero Cuando los niños vienen de Marsella (1974) - Padre de Titi The Mummy's Revenge (1975) - Anchaff The Great House (1975) Pim, pam, pum... ¡fuego! (1975) Solo ante el Streaking (1975) - Servando El poder del deseo (1975) - Vecino Manuela (1976) - El Moreno La lozana andaluza (1976) Secuestro (1976) - Guardia civil Más fina que las gallinas (1977) Foul Play (1977) - Mecánico del pueblo ¡Bruja, más que bruja! (1977) - Sacerdote Me siento extraña (1977) - Tomás Los Días del pasado (1978) - Lucio Un hombre llamado Flor de Otoño (1978) - Modesto Donde hay patrón... (1978) - Vargas Cartas de amor de una monja (1978) - Jerónimo Cabo de vara (1978) Seven Days in January (1979) - Sebastián Cifuentes La Sabina (1979) - Félix El lobo negro (1981) Buitres sobre la ciudad (1981) - Cullen Perdóname, amor (1982) References External links 1920 births 1982 deaths Male actors from Madrid Spanish male film actors 20th-century Spanish male actors Male Spaghetti Western actors
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Macarthur Heights is a new premium residential estate of Sydney, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown, in the State of New South Wales, Australia, 45 kilometres (direct line) south-west of the Sydney central business district. It is part of the Macarthur region and is located between the M31 Motorway and Western Sydney University. The fledgling suburb consists mainly of new housing, 2 small feature parks and an astronomical observatory. The principal access road is Goldsmith Avenue. History Macarthur Heights is constructed on open land formerly owned by Western Sydney University. Construction of Stage 1 of the new suburb began in 2013. The street names reflect an astronomical theme, including Milky Way and Orion Street. Gates of Light A prominent feature of the new suburb is the "Gates of Light" sculpture, located in Main Ridge Park opposite the observatory, which recognises the contribution which the Observatory made to the area. The sculpture, by prize-winning artist Khaled Sabsabi, is illuminated at night and features the various astronomical constellations. Adjacent to the sculptures, large concrete spheres have been placed, to represent the planets. Observatory The Campbelltown Rotary Observatory, formerly stood on a hilltop close to where the "Gates of Light" are now situated. The hilltop was bulldozed and the Observatory was relocated to make way for the new development. It now stands closer to the university on the highest point in the suburb. Transport The nearest railway station is Macarthur and various bus routes are accessible on Narellan Road and at Macarthur References See also Campbelltown City Council https://mhcommunitygroup.com.au/ Suburbs of Sydney
{'title': 'Macarthur Heights', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macarthur%20Heights', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Lincolnshire County Council is the county council that governs the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire in England, less those parts governed by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire. The number of councillors was reduced from 77 to 70 at the 2017 local election. The council was created in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It succeeded the Holland, Kesteven and Lindsey County Councils, and the Lincoln County Borough Council. Responsibilities The council is responsible for public services such as education, transport, highways, heritage, social care, libraries, trading standards, and waste management. Premises The council has its main offices and meeting place at County Offices on Newland in Lincoln. The building was built in 1926–1932 as the headquarters for the former Lindsey County Council, one of Lincolnshire County Council's predecessors. Chief executives Chief executives have included: 1973–1979: David Drury Macklin 1983–1995: Robert John Dudley Proctor 1995–1998: Jill Helen Barrow, who was the first woman chief executive of a county council in England. 1999–2004: David Bowles 2005-2018: Tony McArdle 2018: Richard Wills (Interim Head of Paid Service) 2018: Keith Ireland 2018–present: Debbie Barnes Borough, City, and District councils The county council is the upper-tier of local government, below which are seven councils with responsibility for local services such as housing, planning applications, licensing, council tax collection and rubbish collection. The districts of Lincolnshire are: Boston Borough City of Lincoln East Lindsey North Kesteven South Holland South Kesteven West Lindsey References County councils of England 1974 establishments in England Local education authorities in England Local authorities in Lincolnshire Major precepting authorities in England Leader and cabinet executives
{'title': 'Lincolnshire County Council', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincolnshire%20County%20Council', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Barguzin (; ) is a river in Buryatia, Russia, long, flowing into the Barguzin Bay of Lake Baikal, the largest and deepest bay of Baikal. Barguzin is the third (by the flow amount) inflow of Baikal, after the rivers Selenga and Upper Angara. Its watershed area is . It is navigable for upwards from its estuary. Its main tributaries are the Gagra, Argada and Ina from the left, and the Ulyun from the right. In 1648, Ivan Galkin founded an ostrog on the Barguzin. Valley In its middle part, the river flows along the Barguzin Valley or Depression (), which is long and up to wide and runs between the Barguzin Range (to the northwest) and Ikat Range (to the southeast). It also forms the western limit of the Southern Muya Range. In the valley, the river branches, loops, leaves old riverbeds, and creates a swampy water network with more than 1,000 lakes. In the valley is the Dzherga Nature Reserve () encompassing . Wind The river also gave its name to a steady, strong wind on Baikal. The air flow rushes onto Baikal from the Barguzin Valley and blows across the lake at its middle, mostly for no longer than a day (starting at sunrise and ending by sunset). Usually it brings sunny weather. In Barguzin Bay, it may be of hurricane strength, but its average speed is usually less than 20 m/s. The wind is commemorated in the Russian folk song about a runaway from the Akatuy katorga: Славное море - священный Байкал, Славный корабль - омулевая бочка. Эй, баргузин, пошевеливай вал, Молодцу плыть недалечко. The sacred Baikal is a glorious sea, An omul barrel is a glorious ship. Hey, barguzin, roll the wave It is not too far to sail for a daring fellow. Poetic translation: Glorious sea, sacred Baikal, Glorious boat, a barrel of cisco Hey, Barguzin make the waves rise and fall! This young lad's ready to frisk-o! References External links THE HOLY BAIKAL. Russian folk song.—YouTube (5:27) Rivers of Buryatia
{'title': 'Barguzin (river)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barguzin%20%28river%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Alaska congressional election of 2000 was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. The term of the state's sole Representative to the United States House of Representatives expired on January 3, 2001. The winning candidate would serve a two-year term from January 3, 2001, to January 3, 2003. Alaska allows the political party to select the person who can appear for party primary. They are submitting a written notice with a copy of their cleared by-laws to the Director of Elections no later than September 1 of the year prior to the year in which a primary election is to be held. Based on political party by-laws there are three ballots choices: Alaska Democratic Party, Alaska Libertarian Party and Alaskan Independence party candidate with ballot measures—any registered voter can vote in this ballot Alaska Republican Party candidate with ballot measures ballot—voters registered republican Nonpartisan or Undeclared may vote this ballot and the ballot measures on the ballot—any registered voter may vote this ballot General election Results References Alaska 2000 House, U.S.
{'title': '2000 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20United%20States%20House%20of%20Representatives%20election%20in%20Alaska', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The Brumadinho dam disaster occurred on 25 January 2019 when Dam I, a tailings dam at the Córrego do Feijão iron ore mine, east of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil, suffered a catastrophic failure. The dam is owned by Vale, the same company that was involved in the 2015 Mariana dam disaster. The dam released a mudflow that advanced through the mine's offices, including a cafeteria during lunchtime, along with houses, farms, inns, and roads downstream. 270 people died as a result of the collapse, of whom 259 were officially confirmed dead, in January 2019, and 11 others reported as missing, whose bodies had not been found. Background According to the national registry of the National Mining Agency, the Córrego do Feijão dam, built in 1976 by the Ferteco Mineração and acquired by the iron ore miner Vale in 2001, was classified as a small structure with low risk of high potential damage. In a statement, the State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development reported that the venture was duly licensed. In December 2018, Vale obtained a license to reuse waste from the dam (about 11.7 million cubic meters) and to close down activities. The dam had not received tailings since 2014 and, according to the company, underwent bi-weekly field inspections. Vale SA knew that sensors monitoring the dam's structural integrity had problems. Mariana dam disaster The Brumadinho dam failure occurred three years and two months after the Mariana dam disaster from November 2015, which killed 19 people and destroyed the village of Bento Rodrigues. The Mariana disaster is considered the worst environmental disaster in Brazil's history and as of January 2019 was still under investigation. Brazil's weak regulatory structures and regulatory gaps allowed the Mariana dam's failure. Three years after the Mariana dam collapse, the companies involved in that environmental disaster have paid only 3.4% of R$785 million in fines. In November 2015, the department in charge of inspecting mining operations in the state of Minas Gerais, the National Department of Mineral Production (DNPM), was worried about the retirement of another 40% of public employees over the course of the next two years. Collapse The collapse occurred just after noon, at 12:28 PM. The mud hit the mine's administrative area, where hundreds of the mine's employees were having lunch, as well as the "Vila Ferteco", a small community about from the mine. At 3:50 p.m., the mud reached the Paraopeba River, the region's main river, which supplies water to one third of the Greater Belo Horizonte region. The Inhotim Institute, one of largest open-air art centres in Latin America, located in Brumadinho, was evacuated as a precaution, although the mudflow did not reach the sculpture park. On 27 January, around 5:30 a.m., sirens were sounded amid fears for the stability of the mine's adjacent Dam VI, a process water reservoir, where increased water levels were detected. Due to the risk, about 24,000 residents from several districts of Brumadinho were evacuated, including the city's downtown area. Rescue operations were suspended for several hours. Aftermath Victims On January 26, 2019, Vale's president, Fabio Schvartsman, stated that most of the victims are Vale's employees. Three locomotives and 132 wagons were buried and four railwaymen were missing. The mud destroyed two sections of railway bridge and about 100 metres of railway track. As of January 2020, 259 people were confirmed dead, and 11 were considered missing. Figures were later amended to 270 deaths. Environment The dam failure released around 12 million cubic metres of tailings. Metals in the tailings were incorporated into the river sediments, with a diminishing effect at increasing distance from the site of the spill. At Retiro Baixo, 302 km downstream from the minesite, of the 27 elements analysed only cadmium displayed severe enrichment. All others showed minor or no enrichment in the river sediments. Vale's president, Fabio Schvartsman, said that the dam had been inactive since 2015 and that the material should not be moving too much. "I believe that the environmental risk, in this case, will be much lower than that of Mariana", he said. Economic impact As a result of the disaster, on 28 January the Vale S.A. stock price fell 24%, losing 71.3 billion reais (US$19 billion) in market capitalization, the biggest single day loss in the history of the Brazilian stock market, surpassing May 2018, when Petrobrás lost more than R$47 billion in market value. At the end of January 28, Vale's debt was downgraded to a rating of BBB- by Fitch Ratings. In the city of Brumadinho, many agricultural areas were affected or totally destroyed. The local livestock industry suffered damages, mainly from loss of animals such as cattle and poultry. The local market was also impacted due to the damages, with some stores and establishments remaining closed for a few days. Impact on the public water supply The water supply company Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (COPASA) stated that the tailings had not compromised public water supply, but as a precaution, suspended abstraction of the river water in the communities of Brumadinho, Juatuba, and Pará de Minas. Due to the importance of the river for the municipality, the Agência Reguladora dos Serviços de Água e Esgoto de Pará de Minas (ARSAP) reported that operations could go on as normal. Following assessment by state and federal health, environment, and agriculture agencies, the Minas Gerais Government announced on 31 January that raw water from the Paraopeba River, from its confluence with Ribeirão Ferro-Carvão to Pará de Mina, posed risks to human and animal health and should not be consumed. Tests demonstrated that twenty other municipalities were affected by the dam’s collapse. The effects of the pollution impacted communities 120 km beyond Brumadhino. Reactions The President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, sent three ministers to follow the rescue efforts. The Governor of Minas Gerais, Romeu Zema, announced the formation of a task force to rescue the victims. The Israeli government sent a 130 strong group including specialist engineers, doctors, search and rescue teams, firefighters and naval divers to Brumadinho to aid Brazilian specialists in finding possible survivors. On January 29, Brazilian authorities issued arrest warrants for five employees believed to be connected with the dam collapse, leading to two senior managers of the mine and another Vale employee being arrested, alongside two engineers from the German company TÜV Süd who had been contracted to inspect the dam. The local mining union's treasurer called the disaster "premeditated" as there were continuous and long-standing complaints and warnings about the structural integrity of the dam. Vale denied these charges and stated the mine was up-to-date with the latest standards. One day after the failure, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources announced a R$250 million fine on the Vale company. Brazilian judicial authorities froze US$3 billion of Vale's assets, saying real estate and vehicles would be seized if the company could not come up with the money. In April, Vale's safety inspectors refused to guarantee the stability of at least 18 of its dams and dikes in Brazil. Brazilian prosecutors announced in January 2020 that Vale SA, auditor TÜV Süd, and 16 individuals, including Vale's ex-president Fabio Schvartsman, would be charged with intentional homicide and environmental offences. In January 2021, a group of Brazilian claimants brought the first civil lawsuit on German soil against TÜV Süd. In February 2021, the state government reached an agreement with Vale to repair all environmental damage, and to pay the communities affected socio-economic and socio-environmental reparations, initially estimated at US$7 billion. See also Ajka alumina plant accident Church Rock uranium mill spill References External links Vale S.A. 2019 disasters in Brazil 2019 mining disasters Dam failures in Brazil Dams in Minas Gerais History of Minas Gerais January 2019 events in Brazil Mining disasters in Brazil Tailings dam failures Dam controversies Corporate scandals 21st-century scandals
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Famous and Fearless is a reality game show series in which 8 celebrities compete in extreme sporting events to win money for their respective chosen charity. It aired in January 2011 on Channel 4 and was presented by Chris Evans and Clare Balding with Jack Osbourne appearing alongside them as a guest in most shows. The commentator of the events was Nick Fellows. The winner was Charley Boorman. The live part of Famous and Fearless was broadcast from the Liverpool Echo Arena, where all the Head-to-Heads and other events happened before an arena audience. Celebrities Eight celebrities competed, split into two divisions – boys and girls. On 7 January 2011, Charley Boorman won the boys' group and Kelly Holmes won the girls, with the former becoming the overall champion. Events Day 1 BMX (Boys) Streetluge (Girls) Car Flip (Head to Head) Day 2 Mini Moto (Girls) Powerboat (Boys) Monster Truck Assault Course (Head to Head) Day 3 Inline speed skating (Boys) Hovercraft (Girls) Demolition Derby (Head to Head) Day 4 Power Skateboarding (Girls) Enduro (Boys) Car Crash Dominoes (Head to Head) Day 5 Karting (Boys) Abseil (Girls) Car Jump (Head to Head) Day 6 (Finale) Powerbocking (Girls) Dirt Buggy (Boys) Demolition Derby (Head to Head) Charley Boorman beat Dame Kelly Holmes in Demolition Derby to become the eventual winner of Famous And Fearless. Reception Famous and Fearless received mostly negative reviews from British media outlets. Stuart Heritage of The Guardian stated that the contestants were not celebrities and the events were not extreme. He went on to say Celebrity Big Brother's successor may have been more successful if it had been 'a mindless Saturday evening ITV show.'. The Independent claimed the show was too noisy and mislead viewers with its title, suggesting 'Vaguely Recognisable and Game for a Laugh' or 'Who's That and Why Is That Dangerous?' as more fitting titles. Ratings Cancellation In February 2011, it was reported that the series had been axed after one series due to poor ratings. References External links 2010s British reality television series 2011 British television series debuts 2011 British television series endings Channel 4 original programming English-language television shows Television series by Endemol
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Sphegina guptai is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae found in India. It's similar to S. elegans in general appearance and characters of the male genitalia. It differs from known Oriental species of Sphegina by the shiny black abdomen with widened terga III and IV. Only S. quadrisetae has a somewhat similar appearance. Description In male specimens, the body length is 5.2 millimeters and wing length is 4.6 millimeters. Male genitalia is long, curved, widening towards the apex surstylus with subapical ventral sublobe. The face is yellow and concave with a weakly developed frontal prominence. The gena and mouth edge are yellow; occiput brown with soft, light yellow hairs; antenna dark brown, with black setae dorsally on scape and pedicel; thorax black; scutellum dark brown and subtriangular; proleg yellow; protarsus yellow with tarsomeres four and five dark brown; metaleg dark brown with basal half of the metafemur yellow, very weakly incrassate; tibia dark brown and yellow biannulate, slightly club shaped, without apicoventral dens, basal tarsomere thin. A narrow fascia posterior of the lunula is non-pollinose and shiny. The basal flagellomere is squarish and the arista is about three times as long as the basal flagellomere and covered in long, soft hairs. Female specimens are much the same except for normal sexual dimorphism; the body length is 5.7 millimeters and wing length is 5.7 millimeters. The ventral half of the face and mouth edge are yellow, as well as the postpronotum. The basal flagellomere is round and as wide as it is long; the arista is about three times as long as the basal flagellomere and covered in long, soft hairs. References Eristalinae Insects described in 1998 Diptera of Asia
{'title': 'Sphegina guptai', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphegina%20guptai', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Victor Zagainov (May 31, 1953 – October 5, 2002) was a hot air balloon pilot and astronomer from Kazakhstan. He was the first and only hot air balloon champion of the USSR (1991), Hot Air Balloon champion of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1993), the winner of the International Balloon Grand Prix Todi (Italy) (1993), the champion of the CIS (1996). He organized Grand Prix of Zagainov and was awarded Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) Diploma for Outstanding Airmanship (Award ID# 5349) and the FAI Air Sport Medal (Award ID# 5244) in 2003. Early years Victor Zagainov was born in the family of a military pilot Alexander Zagainov in Tsulukidze (now Khoni) of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, where at that time the military unit of his father was based. His father retired in Lugansk (former Voroshilovgrad), Ukraine where Victor grew up. From his early years, Victor had two passions, both related to the sky - he wanted to fly like his father, and he was in love with the stars. However due to partial colour blindness Victor was not accepted to the flight school. Therefore stars became his main obsession and future profession. From the 7th grade, he spent much time in Lugansk Pedagogical Institute, where there was a small telescope. He did many observations and read a lot. He was a winner of the Republican Astronomy Olympiad in grade 9th and 10th. He graduated school in Lugansk and entered Odessa University in 1971 with Astronomy major. After graduation he worked as an astronomer at the limited access observatory in Uzbekistan and later in Kazakhstan near Alma-Ata (now Almaty). In 1980, Victor decided to settle in Kazakhstan. Teaching of astronomy For several years (1983-1990) Mr. Zagainov led a club of amateur astronomers at the National Palace of Pioneers of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Among his students are well-known physicists, mathematicians, journalists working in Almaty, Russia and abroad. Many of them repeatedly flew with Victor on his legendary balloon "Altair". For many of them he was not only a teacher but also a father. His heart and home were always open to them. Even after 13 years of not running the club they came to him for advice. Hot air ballooning In 1989, Victor was first introduced to ballooning - long cherished dream of a flight in the sky. In 1990 he had built his first hot air balloon. The envelope was made in Feodosiya, the burner was done by well-known designer D. Bimbat in Sverdlovsk and the basket he weaved himself. The name and design of the balloon reflected his two passions (astronomy and flights). A proudly soaring eagle and the inscription "Altair" (which in Arabic means "The flying eagle") - the name of Alpha Aquilae. The first inflation of "Altair" happened in December 1990 in Sverdlovsk. In February 1991 he flew this balloon in Norway. Then in August it was in Ukraine. In September 1991 Victor Zagainov on the Hot Air Balloon "Altair" become the first champion of the USSR. In the same year the Soviet Union collapsed, so Victor Zagainov was the only one to receive this title. His astronomy club students were not only his first passengers, but also members of his crew. Three out of the four members of his crew at the National Championship of USSR in 1991 were his former students. Grand Prix of Zagainov Victor was one of the biggest promoters of Hot Air Ballooning. As part of this work in his new home country Kazakhstan he organized Hot Air Balloon competition - Grand Prix of Zagainov. For the first time it took place in 1992. Such event offered opportunity for novice pilots to improve their skills, while introducing international standards to them. To help Kazakh pilots improve their level, Victor invited pilots from Pakistan, France, Switzerland, England, Scotland, Germany, United States, Ukraine and Russia. Main goal of Grand Prix of Zagainov was to rise new generation of pilots. As part of Grand Prix of Zagainov in 1996 Victor organized national records setting flight for Hot Air Balloons of different classes. This was a first time any Hot Air Balloon record registration request was submitted to FAI. Other events and competitions Final flight On October 3, 2002, taking part in a ballooning event in the town of Zheleznovodsk (Russia), Victor Zagainov's balloon was involved in a mid-air collision between his balloon's envelope and a descending balloon's basket. Victor's envelope was torn open at a height of 300 m, initiating a very fast and uncontrolled descent. Despite his best efforts to keep the balloon inflated with continuous heating, the envelope caught fire, deflated and the balloon plunged to the ground. On board with Victor, as the only passenger, was his best friend's and crew-member's 19-year-old daughter. Realizing that he could not stop or slow the balloon's descent, just before impact Victor lifted the girl in his arms and placed himself underneath her, thus acting as a living cushion on impact. Both occupants survived the crash and the girl was released from hospital after a routine check, with just a few scratches and concussion. Victor Zagainov succumbed to severe internal injuries two days later. References 1953 births 2002 deaths Soviet balloonists Kazakhstani balloonists Hot Air Ballooning in Kazakhstan Soviet astronomers
{'title': 'Victor Zagainov', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Zagainov', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Kirtland Community College is a public community college in Grayling, Michigan. History Kirtland was founded in 1966 under the provisions of Michigan's Public Act 188 of 1955, it is the state's largest community college district geographically, totaling 2,500 square miles (6,500 km2) and consisting of all or part of nine counties. Approximately 65,000 people reside within the district. Kirtland opened the doors of its five portable classrooms in 1968 with 160 students. The college is named after the Kirtland's warbler. Kirtland’s new central campus was built in 2016. In addition, Kirtland maintains classrooms and community spaces at two regional locations in Gaylord and Roscommon, Michigan. Academics Kirtland offers degree and certificate programs, including transfer associate degrees, and areas of study in arts and sciences, business, professional programs, industrial trades, health science, public safety and more. Evening and online courses are available. The college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The college also holds membership in the Michigan Community College Association and the American Association of Community Colleges. The North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, the predecessor to the Higher Learning Commission, granted Kirtland Community College status as a candidate for accreditation in 1972 and the college has been accredited as an associate degree-granting institution since 1975. Athletics The college competes in intercollegiate athletics as a member of the Eastern Conference of the Michigan College Athletic Association. The Kirtland Firebirds compete in men's and women's golf and cross-country running. Kirtland has half- to full-ride scholarships available. In 2015, Kirtland added bowling to their athletics department. In 2022, Kirtland added men's and women's basketball to their athletics department. Notes External links Two-year colleges in the United States Community colleges in Michigan Education in Crawford County, Michigan Educational institutions established in 1966 Buildings and structures in Crawford County, Michigan 1966 establishments in Michigan NJCAA athletics
{'title': 'Kirtland Community College', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirtland%20Community%20College', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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The supratrochlear artery (or frontal artery) is one of the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery. It arises within the orbit. It exits the orbit alongside the supratrochlear nerve. It contributes arterial supply to the skin, muscles and pericranium of the forehead. Anatomy It branches from the ophthalmic artery near the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle in the orbit. Origin The supratrochlear artery branches from the ophthalmic artery in the orbit near the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle. Course After branching from the ophthalmic artery, it passes anteriorly through the superomedial orbit. It travels medial to the trochlear nerve. With the supratrochlear nerve, the supratrochlear artery exits the orbit through the supratrochlear notch (variably present), medial to the supraorbital foramen. It then ascends on the forehead. Anastomoses The supratrochlear artery anastomoses with the contralateral supratrochlear artery, and the ipsilateral supraorbital artery. Distribution The supratrochlear artery supplies blood to the skin of the medial aspect of the forehead and scalp, as well as the underlying pericranium and frontalis muscle. References External links https://radiopaedia.org/articles/supratrochlear-artery Arteries of the head and neck
{'title': 'Supratrochlear artery', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supratrochlear%20artery', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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"Hip Hop Holiday" is the debut single from New Zealand hip hop group 3 The Hard Way. It reached #1 in the New Zealand singles chart and #17 in Australia. A mid-song reggae breakdown was provided by Bobbylon of the Hallelujah Picassos. Background The song was built around a substantial interpolation of "Dreadlock Holiday" by 10cc. However, the rights were never cleared, resulting in the song being officially credited to "Dreadlock Holiday" songwriters Eric Stewart, Graham Gouldman, with all royalties going to the pair. The success of the song in New Zealand and Australia led to extensive touring of both countries and the recording and release of band's debut album, Old School Prankstas "Hip Hop Holiday" was nominated for Single of the Year at the 1995 New Zealand Music Awards. Music video A music video was made for "Hip Hop Holiday", directed by Clinton Phillips. The video was filmed in Auckland, New Zealand and features the group driving around the city in a convertible and hosting a house party in suburban Auckland. Track listings CD single (DG016, D11633) "Hip Hop Holiday" (Radio Mix) - feat Bobbylon "Get Down" (First Up Mix) "Hip Hop Holiday" (Freestyle Mix) "Get Down" (Extended Mix) Charts "Hip Hop Holiday" was the first hip hop song by a New Zealand artist to reach #1 in the New Zealand charts. The song was also certified gold in New Zealand. Weekly charts Year-end charts References External links "Hip Hop Holiday" at Discogs "Hip Hop Holiday" music video Number-one singles in New Zealand 1994 debut singles Songs written by Eric Stewart Songs written by Graham Gouldman 1994 songs
{'title': 'Hip Hop Holiday', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%20Hop%20Holiday', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Bully (alternatively titled Bully: The Musical) is a 2017 musical featurette written and directed by Aaron Alon and produced by Thunderclap Productions. Bully is a dramatic musical about Sam Bradley, a young man who kills himself after being repeatedly bullied in school because others suspect he is gay. The story follows Sam in the days leading up to his death and the lives of those around him in the days following his suicide. Bully premiered in the United States on September 24, 2017, at Alamo Drafthouse – Mason Park in Houston, Texas. The film had its film festival premiere in the 2018 Rainier Independent Film Festival in Ashford, Washington, on May 20, 2018. Synopsis The film tells the story of Sam Bradley, a young man who commits suicide after being bullied in school. Cast Edward Henrickson as Sam Bradley, a 14-year-old being bullied in school Danica Dawn Johnson as Mrs. Bradley, Sam's mother Brad Goertz as Mr. Bradley, Sam's father Kiefer Slaton as Tommy Samson, a bully at Sam's school with an abusive father Chelsea Lerner as Mrs. Samson, Tommy's mother Steve Hale as Mr. Samson, Tommy's abusive father Reggie Choyce as Hunter Sikes, a bully at Sam's school whose parents are prone to violence toward one another Monica Davis as Mrs. Sikes, Hunter's mother Juan Sebastian Cruz as Chase Cruz, a bully at Sam's school whose mother suffers from an addiction to pain pills Amanda Passanante as Mrs. Cruz, Chase's mother M.E. Frazier, Jr. as Mr. Ross, the school guidance counselor at Sam's high school Nora Hahn as Principal Rutledge, the principal at Sam's high school Tamara Siler as the First Mourner, the person who starts the vigil for Sam Emma Hayden, Ragan Richardson, Michael J. Ross, and Taelon Stonecipher as the quartet in "It Gets Better," four people filming their "It Gets Better" stories in response to Sam's suicide Songs "When" – performed by Danica Dawn Johnston and Brad Goertz (as Mrs. and Mr. Bradley); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "The Bullies' Song" – performed by Reggie Choyce, Kiefer Slaton, and Juan Sebastian Cruz (as Hunter, Tommy, and Chase); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "Hunter's Song" – performed by Reggie Choyce (as Hunter); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "Start Raising Men" – performed by Steve Hale (as Mr. Samson); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "It Gets Better" – performed by Emma Hayden, Ragan Richardson, Michael J. Ross, and Taelon Stonecipher (as themselves); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "Hollow House" – performed by Julian A. Puerto; lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "He's a Child" – performed by Monica Davis and Amanda Passanante (as Mrs. Sikes and Mrs. Cruz); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "Who's Next" – performed by M.E. Frazier, Jr. (as Mr. Ross) with Tristan Smith on jazz guitar; lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "The Bullies' Song - Reprise" – performed by Reggie Choyce, Kiefer Slaton, and Juan Sebastian Cruz (as Hunter, Tommy, and Chase); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "Raise Your Voice" – performed by Tamara Siler and company (as themselves); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "Was" – performed by Danica Dawn Johnston (as Mrs. Bradley); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "The More It Bleeds" – performed by Patrick Barton, Amy Garner Buchanan, William Sanders, Karen Schlag, Haley Simpson, and company (as themselves); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon "Did He Think" – performed by Brad Goertz (as Mr. Bradley); lyrics and music by Aaron Alon Release Bully premiered in the United States on September 24, 2017, at Alamo Drafthouse – Mason Park in Houston. The second screening occurred April 10, 2018, at the University of Houston. The film had its film festival premiere in the 2018 Rainier Independent Film Festival in Ashford, Washington on May 20, 2018. Official selections Bully has been selected for screening at the following festivals and events: Cinema Diverse: the Palm Springs Gay and Lesbian Film Festival (2018) Cult Critic Movie Awards (2018) Depth of Field International Film Festival (2018) Eurasia International Monthly Film Festival (2018) Filmfest Homochrom (2018) Five Continents International Film Festival (2018) Fort Worth Indie Film Showcase (2018) IndieFest (2018) Indigo Moon Film Festival (2018) Lake View International Film Festival (2018) Los Angeles Underground Film Forum (2018) Next International Film Festival – NiFF Houston (2018) Out of the Can Film Festival (2018) PUSH! Film Festival (2018) South Carolina Underground Film Festival (2018) Queer Hippo International LGBT Film Festival (2018) Rainer Independent Film Festival (2018) Thessaloniki International LGBTIQ Film Festival (2018) TMFF – The Monthly Film Festival (March–April 2018) UK Monthly Film Festival (2018) Awards and nominations Funding The film received grants from the Houston Art Alliance, the John Steven Kellett Foundation, the City of Houston, and donations from over fifty individuals. See also Suicide prevention Education in the United States References Further reading BWW Interviews: Aaron Alon, Justin Doran, and Brad Goertz talk BULLY, A NEW MUSICAL and its Concept Cast Album Former Pearland resident's anti-bullying film to be screened in Katy External links LGBT-related musical drama films American musical drama films American high school films 2017 LGBT-related films Films set in Houston Films shot in Houston American LGBT-related films Films about bullying Films about gender American independent films 2017 independent films 2010s English-language films 2010s American films
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The God and the Demons of Zu Mountain is a Hong Kong television series. It was first run on TVB in 1990. A following loose sequel The Zu Mountain Saga () was released in 1991. Synopsis The Good triumphs over evil. This is the story of the two sides, battling for supremacy. Under the fighting, there is romance, and angst. Cast Main Characters Eddie Kwan - Sheung Guan Ging Er (Current eldest male disciple of the Zu Mountain Sect) → Blood Demon Aaron Kwok - Yim Gum Sim (Current second eldest male disciple of the Zu Mountain Sect) Pauline Yeung - Li Zi King (New disciple of the Zu Mountain Sect), Love Interest of Sheung Guan Ging Er Anita Lee (Yuan Wah) - Zhou Qing Wan (disciple of the Wong Mountain) Mimi Kung - Sa Yim Hong (leader of the Zodiac Sect) Supporting Characters Jimmy Au - Au Yeung Ping - Former member of the demon sect Lau Kong - Master Miu Yi (Sect Leader of the Zu Mountain Sect) Ng Sui Ting - Laughing Monk Chu Tik Wor - Green Robe Devil - Leader of the demon sect Danny Summer (Ha Siu Sing) - Ding Yin (Blood Demon). Former disciple of previous generation of Zu Mountain Sect. Attempted to absorb Blood Demonic power to become more powerful by taking evil ways which he succeed in his second attempt. Wong Yi Kum - Yim Ling Wan (Current eldest female disciple of the Zu Mountain Sect) Lau Sau Ping - Qing Han Shang - The oldest of the two Qing sisters. Chan Pui San - Qing Han Org - the youngest of the two Qing sisters. Love Interest of Yim Gum Sim Chan Ha - mistress (leader of the Wong Mountain). Mentor of Zhou Qing Wan 1990 Hong Kong television series debuts TVB dramas Hong Kong wuxia television series 1990 Hong Kong television series endings Cantonese-language television shows Television shows set in Sichuan
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Douglas Sannachan (born 1962 in Glasgow) is a Scottish actor most widely known for playing Billy the window cleaner in Gregory's Girl. His famous line was "If I don't see you through the week, I'll see you through a window". He grew up in the Calton area of Glasgow and was a pupil at John Street Secondary School, Glasgow. When he was 16 years old he was the subject of a chapter of a book called The Year of the Child by Bel Mooney. Sannachan was a member of the Glasgow Youth Theatre and is a friend of John Gordon Sinclair and Robert Buchanan. He appeared in other films directed by Bill Forsyth such as That Sinking Feeling in which he played Simmy, and as well as playing Willy, was also the voice of the ice cream van, in Comfort and Joy. He also played Gerry in Submarine Escape, Edward in the Cold War drama Winter Flight and Tam in Living Apart Together. On television, Douglas was in the children's programme Waiting for Elvis which was part of Dramarama (TV series) written by Alex Norton. The episode featured Fergie (played by Sannachan), a young singer, trying to impress Elvis Presley during his short stop at Prestwick Airport in 1960 on his only confirmed visit to the UK. He played Billy a paramedic, in Life Support (BBC1), Jim in Strathblair (BBC1), Sneck in End of the Line (BBC1) and a murderer Jimmy, in Taggart - Murder in Season on STV when Mark McManus played the title role. He played a pantomime dame in the Simply Red video for the track Jericho from the album Picture Book. He has continued to act on stage and screen and played the owner of a sauna in Rebus - Resurrection Men. He has also appeared on stage in productions such as The Jesuit in Edinburgh, The Lyons of Lisbon Glasgow, A Family Affair Edinburgh, Rents London and The Lemmings are Coming, London. He has made over thirty appearances at the Pavilion Theatre, Glasgow, including Peter Pan, Cinderella, The Wizard of Never Woz Please Stay, The Bigot and Paras Over the Baras. He has also recorded his voice for radio The Bell and the Tree (Radio Clyde), Choke the Gaffer (Radio Scotland) and Short Plays for Radio (Radio 4). In February 2018 he completed an independent comedy, horror feature film called "Starcache" Link. The film is based on the worldwide hobby of Geocaching, but rather than people finding caches hidden in the woods, they are more likely to be killed in unusual and gruesome ways. This has led Sannachan to coin the phrase "Slasher Cacher" to describe the genre. The film has its worldwide premiere at the Glasgow Southside Film Festival on 3 June, followed by a screening at the Centre for Contemporary Arts on 11 June 2018. The film became available to view free on Amazon Prime in July 2019 Link. His second project "Acheron" Link is a disturbing short film on the horrors of abuse and addiction. It aims to highlight that adverse experiences in childhood can result in a cycle of addiction. The film, completed in January 2019, explores the power of the demons of addiction within a father and son relationship. It won the Glasgow Southside Filmmakers’ Award in 2019. Personal life He is currently married with two children and is living in the Southside of Glasgow. References External links Douglas Sannachan on: Internet Movie Database UK Screen MGM Movie Database Film Freeway Starcache 2018 Trailer Starcache on Amazon Prime 1962 births Living people Scottish male television actors Scottish male film actors Male actors from Glasgow Scottish male stage actors
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Body Cam is a 2020 American police procedural horror film directed by Malik Vitthal, from a screenplay by Nicholas McCarthy and Richmond Riedel and a story by Riedel. The film stars Mary J. Blige, Nat Wolff, David Zayas, David Warshofsky, Demetrius Grosse and Anika Noni Rose. Originally scheduled for a May 2019 release date, Body Cam was pulled from the schedule and was released digitally on May 19, 2020, prior to a video on demand release on June 2, 2020, by Paramount Pictures. Plot In Swinton, Louisiana, police officer Kevin Ganning pulls over a green van for not having a license plate. Ganning demands the driver to leave their vehicle. When Ganning notices a bloody rag, he aggressively demands the driver to exit the vehicle. When Ganning points his gun at the driver, an unknown entity pulls him away. 12 hours earlier, Officer Renee Lomito-Smith is being cleared to return to active duty after an altercation with a civilian and is paired with rookie Danny Holledge. They get a call from dispatch where officer Ganning is "failing to respond." Officers Lomito-Smith and Holledge go to investigate Ganning's last known location. Lomito-Smith finds the dash-cam footage in the police car, where she witnesses Ganning's beating from an unknown entity. They soon find Ganning's lifeless body hanging and call it in. Sergeant Kesper tells them the footage has been destroyed, long before Lomito-Smith and Holledge had arrived. Lomito-Smith soon gets a lead, when she recognizes the logo of a hospital from the driver's pants. She is then able to get the identity and home address of the driver; Taneesha Branz. She and Holledge arrive at Taneesha's home and discover it has been abandoned. While checking the home, they find a photo of Taneesha and her son. Holledge leaves quickly when he becomes too scared because of roaches. Officer Lomito-Smith is unable to find anything and leaves. As she goes to exit, she finds that it is locked and as she tries to get out, she realizes the entity is watching it. As it to Lomito-Smith intending to kill her, Renee breaks the window on the door. Lomito-Smith investigates Taneesha; she discovers her son Demarco was killed in a gang shoot out. Taneesha shops in a grocery’s store late at night where she is immediately harassed by two men in-store. Officers Roberts and Birke spot the green van, calling for backup. Lomito-Smith and Holledge answer the call for help and change their route to provide assistance to Roberts and Birke. Birke and Roberts enter the store and question the two men aggressively, despite neither man showing any hostility towards the officers. One of the men shoots and kills Birke as he takes Taneesha hostage. As he threatens to kill Taneesha, the entity suddenly lifts him into the air, freeing Taneesha. He fires his gun attempting to escape; accidentally killing the store clerk as well as his partner. Taneesha slips out through the back exit during the commotion. Roberts investigates the shooter's last location, only for his bloodied body to fall onto the floor from above. He attempts to warn Roberts the entity is behind him(as he cannot speak). The entity attempts to suffocate Roberts with a bag, and when the attempt falls, it lifts him into the air and kills him off-screen. The bloodied man dies from his injuries. Officers Lomito-Smith and Holledge arrive at the store, and find everyone dead. Lomito-Smith investigates in the rear parts of the store, finding no one. She discovers the security camera footage is unusable. When she goes back into the store, she finds the phone belonging to one of the men and steals it hoping to find a lead. After returning to the station, she visits the medical examiner to get details about the victims. The medical examiner explains how the body is damaged in the most unusual way but points out victims had their teeth knocked out. Lomito-Smith pleads with the medical examiner to give her five minutes alone with the bodies. He agrees; but tells her she cannot steal anything or disrupt the bodies. She pulls out the phone that she found at the store, unlocking it with the thumbprint of one of the two men. Later that evening, she reviews the video from the phone, noticing the entity behind Taneesha and the man holding her hostage. Lomito-Smith gets a lead on the origin of the green van, where it was reported stolen. She heads to an unnamed church and questions the Pastor, deducing the van was never stolen. The Pastor explains Taneesha's son, Demarco, was deaf and avid volunteer to many organizations. When Lomito-Smith asks where Taneesha could be, the Pastor gives a possible location. She only finds articles of Demarco's death alongside photos of Officers Ganning, Roberts, Holledge, and Penda. Officer Lomito-Smith sees a camera watching her. She tries to call Sergeant Kesper, but he does not pick up. She then calls Holledge and says she needs to talk to him face-to-face. He agrees that she can come over in one hour. Renee goes to Danny's house and discovers he has committed suicide. The grief-stricken Rene finds a note left on the sink; "I'm Sorry, Danny" along with a flash drive. Renee inserts the flash drive into her computer. It Holledge's body cam footage of himself and officers Ganning, Roberts, and Penda during a police stop. It shows where they are yelling at a young man to stop walking under the assumption he is a suspect. Panda shoots him when the young man refuses to stop. Roberts hands the cell phone to Penda and goes the young man's backpack. Penda realizes the young man was Demarco, Taneesha's deaf son. Officer Holledge points out his teeth came out, but Penda tells Holledge how bad this situation. Penda suffocates Demarco. Lomito-Smith calls Sergeant Kesper. She meets him at a warehouse and tells him what the four officers did to Demarco. Kesper pulls his gun on Renee and tells her the incident best left covered and it will do more harm than good. As she walks inside the building at gun point, Officer Penda emerges from his car and follows behind them. Penda demands Renee to hand over the footage. When she refuses, Penda shoots into her Kevlar vest. Taneesha appears and speaks to Panda "YOU KILLED MY SON, DEMARCO. YOU REMEMBER HIM? BECAUSE HE REMEMBERS YOU." The entity is revealed as Demarco's vengeful spirit, who beats up Sergeant Kesper and knocks his teeth out. Renee and Taneesha escape to another part of the warehouse, with Penda in persuit. Demarco's spirit finally takes his revenge; removing Panda's innards from his body and impaling him onto a large pipe. As Renee readies herself to confront Demarco, Taneesha reveals he will not harm her. Emergency services arrive to the scene. Renee and Taneesha see both of their sons together, signifying they have now found peace and can move on. Kesper, who survived Demarco's attack, is sent to prison. Cast Mary J. Blige as Renee Lomito-Smith Nat Wolff as Danny Holledge David Zayas as Sergeant Kesper David Warshofsky as Dario Penda Demetrius Grosse as Gary Smith Anika Noni Rose as Taneesha Branz Lance E. Nichols as Pastor Thomas Jackson Lara Grice as Detective Susan Hayes Ian Casselberry as Kevin Ganning Philip Fornah as Gabe Roberts Naima Ramos-Chapman as Maria Birke Mason Mackie as DeMarco Branz Jibrail Nantambu as Christopher Sylvia Grace Crim as Pierce Jeff Pope as Jacob Lorrie Odom as Yolanda Production In March 2017, it was announced Richmond Riedel had written the script for the film. In March 2018, it was announced Malik Vitthal would direct the film, with Nicholas McCarthy re-writing the script, and Paramount Pictures distributing. John Ridley had performed script revisions prior to McCarthy's involvement. In June 2018, Mary J. Blige joined the cast of the film. In July 2018, Nat Wolff joined the cast. In September 2018, Anika Noni Rose and David Zayas were cast, with filming beginning in New Orleans. Joseph Bishara composed the film score. Paramount Music has released the soundtrack. Release Body Cam was supposed to be released on May 17, 2019 but was pushed back to December 6. On November 12, 2019, Paramount pulled the film from the schedule and it was released digitally on May 19, 2020, prior to a video on demand release on June 2, 2020. It was the eighth-most rented film on Spectrum in its first weekend of release. Critical response On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The site's critics consensus reads: "Ambitious yet undercooked, Body Cam can't quite connect the dots between its genre thrills and socially aware themes." On Metacritic, the film has an weighted average score of 37 out of 100, based on reviews from 5 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". References External links 2020 films 2020 horror thriller films 2020s police procedural films 2020s supernatural horror films American horror thriller films American police films American supernatural horror films Crime horror films Films about police corruption Films about corruption in the United States Films not released in theaters due to the COVID-19 pandemic Films scored by Joseph Bishara Films set in Louisiana Films shot in New Orleans Hood films Paramount Pictures films Paramount Players films 2020s English-language films 2020s American films
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1st of the Month Vol. 1 is the first EP by American rapper Cam'ron. The EP was released on July 1, 2014, by Killa Entertainment. Background In October 2013, Cam'ron announced that he would release an EP and an episode of his web series every month starting on January 1, 2014. In February 2014, he gave an update on the EP plans, saying: "I got the First of the Month project coming out probably next month. Dame put together the A-Trak collaboration which is called Federal Reserve. me and Smoke DZA got a project going on. It’s like five different projects, basically what we’re doing now is just trying to figure out the timing for everything. It’s probably 150 new songs done." In an April 2014, interview with Mass Appeal, he explained why he decided to release a series of EP's, saying: "Just setting everything up. Music has changed and it’s always fun, but I like to make money while I’m making music, so I just had to figure out a new strategy. Things are changing and if you don’t change with the times you gon get stuck in the past. I’ve been working on this thing called The First of the Month. I’m putting out an EP every month with a 30-minute episode so you’re not waiting a year or more for the next album." In May 2014, in an interview with MTV News, he spoke about the features on the EP's saying: "The people that’s gonna be on this project is Nicki Minaj, 2 Chainz, Wiz Khalifa, Estelle and Gunplay, so far." He also announced the first EP would be released on July 1, 2014, saying: "The first one is July 1 for the visual, July 3 for the music. And we’ll put it out — the visual — every first of the month. So, August 1 will be another visual, September 1. And then, whatever the first Tuesday is of every month, we’ll be doing the music, as well." On June 26, 2014, the music video was released for "Funeral". On July 1, 2014, the first episode of the web series was released along with the EP. On July 2, 2014, the music video was released for "Put It In the Sky" featuring Un Kasa. Critical reception 1st of the Month Vol. 1 was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. David Inkeles of XXL gave the album an L, saying "If First Of The Month is mainly more of the same, you might be wondering why, then, should the project earn a listen? Well for one, at only 5 tracks deep there are worse ways to spend your time. But the project deserves a shot for the same rationale behind why the good folks in Charlie Rangel’s district voted him to go to Congress one last time: because we love the same old Cam; and like those voters, we listeners know what to expect when it comes to Cam’ron, and what that is, is pretty damn good and entertaining." Sheldon Pearce of HipHopDX gave the album three and a half stars out of five, saying "The 1st Of The Month EP feels like Cam’ron working his way back into album shape; however, and it is a marked achievement to take two features from perennial placeholders on the Dipset undercard and turn them into salvageable records. The Un Kasa-led “Put It In The Sky” is the most anthemic song on the EP with a chanting refrain that is rousing. It is a prime example of Cam at his showy best, blurring the lines between fact and fiction, confessions and quips." Track listing Chart positions References 2014 EPs Cam'ron albums
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Scenic is an unincorporated community in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. It is located within Scenic Township, which had a 2010 census population of 58 inhabitants. The community is located adjacent to the Badlands National Park, about southeast of Rapid City, or about one hour by car, along Highway 44. History The community was so named for the "scenic" setting of the town site. As an economic decline hit the town in the 21st century, local businesswoman Twila Merrill acquired more and more of the town property until she owned most of it. In July 2011, the town and surrounding area—about total—was listed for sale at $799,000. The sale included the post office (ZIP code 57780), Longhorn Saloon, a dance hall, bunkhouse, museum, and two stores. It also includes a train depot that is on an abandoned line that was part of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad and is the subject of a rails-to-trail project between Rapid City and Kadoka. In August 2011, the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC, ), an independent, nontrinitarian Christian denomination based in the Philippines, bought the property for nearly $800,000, Pennington County records show. The church never disclosed why it acquired the property. In 2014, Daniel Simmons-Ritchie of the Rapid City Journal wrote that the INC "has done little with the town since its purchase." In April 2015, an INC minister moved to the area and soon afterwards began leading services for 10–15 congregants who live near Scenic. See also Swett, South Dakota, another town put up for sale Johnsonville Village, Connecticut, an abandoned community also purchased by the Iglesia ni Cristo References Unincorporated communities in Pennington County, South Dakota Rapid City, South Dakota metropolitan area Unincorporated communities in South Dakota Iglesia ni Cristo
{'title': 'Scenic, South Dakota', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenic%2C%20South%20Dakota', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Noctorum is a suburb of Birkenhead, Merseyside, England. Administratively it is within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral as part of Claughton Ward. Noctorum is in the north east of the Wirral Peninsula, bounded by the Beechwood estate to the north, Claughton and Oxton to the east and south east, and the River Fender and M53 motorway to the west. Due to a redefining of post towns by the Royal Mail in 2003, Noctorum is identified as being within Prenton (which is in fact a geographically separate suburb of Birkenhead), yet this was only a postal change and Noctorum itself still remains a part of Birkenhead. At the 2001 census the population of Noctorum was 4,990. For the 2011 census no population figures specific to Noctorum were available. However the total population of Claughton Ward, which includes Noctorum, was 14,705. History The name Noctorum has been suggested Old Irish in origin, originally Cnocc Tírim, meaning "Dry Hill". This may be in reference to Bidston Hill, of which Noctorum is situated on its western slope. The name may long pre-date the Norse-Irish settlement in the early 10th century and go back to a Hibernian settlement of the west coast in the Sub-Roman period (early 5th century). Noctorum appears as Chenoterie (Norman French) in the Domesday Book of 1086. "Chêne" (French for oak) may be used here as in the Wirral hamlet of Landican (Old Welsh/Brythonic) called Landechene, the Oak Enclosure in the Norman French of the Doomsday Book. Noctorum was a township of the parish of Woodchurch, in the Wirral Hundred. It existed as a civil parish from 1866 until 1933 when it was added to Birkenhead civil parish. The same year Noctorum was subsumed into the County Borough of Birkenhead, within the county of Cheshire. On 1 April 1974, local government reorganisation in England and Wales resulted in most of the Wirral Peninsula, including Noctorum, transfer from the county of Cheshire to the nascent county of Merseyside. The population was recorded at 17 in 1801, 32 in 1851, 212 in 1901 and 473 in 1931. Geography Noctorum is in the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula, approximately south-south-east of the Irish Sea at Leasowe, east-north-east of the Dee Estuary at Caldy and west of the River Mersey at Tranmere. Noctorum is situated on the western side of the Bidston to Storeton ridge, with the area at an elevation of between above sea level. Governance Noctorum is within the parliamentary constituency of Birkenhead. The current Member of Parliament is Mick Whitley, a Labour representative. He has been the MP since 2019. At local government level, Noctorum is incorporated into the Claughton Ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, in the metropolitan county of Merseyside. It is represented on Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council by three councillors. The most recent local elections took place on 6 May 2021. Landmarks Noctorum Lane is the site of the Grade II listed buildings Mere Hall and Rathmore. Both large houses were designed by Edmund Kirby and built in the 1880s. Community Ridgeway High School and the Discovery City Learning Centre (containing Ridgeway Library) is situated within this suburb. There is also a large council estate located here. Transport Upton railway station is the nearest station to Noctorum. It is located on the Borderlands line between Bidston and Wrexham. See also Listed buildings in Noctorum References Bibliography External links Towns and villages in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral Birkenhead
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Péter Gulyás (born 4 March 1984) is former a Hungarian handballer who played for MVM Veszprém KC and for the Hungarian national team. He took part in an Olympic Games (2012), two European Championships (2008, 2010) and also participated in the World Championship in 2011. He retired from handball in 2017. Currently he is the assistant coach of Telekom Veszprém. Achievements Nemzeti Bajnokság I: Winner (13): 2001, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Silver Medalist: 2007 Magyar Kupa: Winner (10): 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 EHF Champions League: Finalist: 2015 Semifinalist: 2003, 2006, 2014 EHF Cup Winners' Cup: Winner: 2008 EHF Champions Trophy: Finalist: 2008 Junior World Championship: Bronze Medalist: 2005 Individual awards Silver Cross of the Cross of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2012) References External links Péter Gulyás player profile on MKB Veszprém KC official website Péter Gulyás career statistics on Worldhandball.com 1984 births Living people Hungarian male handball players People from Veszprém Handball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics Olympic handball players of Hungary Veszprém KC players Sportspeople from Veszprém County
{'title': 'Péter Gulyás', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ter%20Guly%C3%A1s', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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State Route 241 is a state highway completely within Utah County in northern Utah, in the cities of Orem and Lindon. The route connects SR-114 (Geneva Road) to US-89 (State Street) via an interchange at I-15. Route description The route begins at an intersection with SR-114 (Geneva Road) on the boundary of Orem and Lindon and heads due east on 1600 North. After coming to a diamond interchange with I-15 after only , the route continues for approximately to its eastern terminus at US-89 (State Street). Much of the route is located on the Lindon-Orem municipal boundary; as such, though it is primarily referred to as 1600 North, it is also 600 South in the Lindon grid system. History Before Interstate 15 was built, truck traffic bound for the Geneva Steel mill used SR-114 to access the mill. However, with the construction of the interstate, heavy truck traffic associated with the steel mill began to use 1600 North to connect to the I-15 interchange. The city of Orem, who maintained the road at the time, felt that this truck traffic was of statewide significance, and as such requested that this portion of 1600 North be added to the state highway system. However, at the time, the Utah Department of Transportation would not accept the road due to its poor condition. After Orem had reconstructed the roadway, it was added to the state highway system in 1969 as SR-241. The route remained unchanged until 2019. By that time, the city of Orem did not have adequate funding to make necessary improvements to the 1600 North corridor between I-15 and US-89, so the cities requested that UDOT take over this segment of roadway. The Utah Transportation Commission approved the extension of SR-241 on November 15, 2019, after Orem, Lindon, and UDOT had signed a cooperative agreement detailing the terms of the jurisdictional transfer. Major intersections References 241 241 Orem, Utah Streets in Utah
{'title': 'Utah State Route 241', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah%20State%20Route%20241', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Marry the Girl is a farce by George Arthurs and Arthur Miller. It was one of the series of Aldwych farces that ran at the Aldwych Theatre in London nearly continuously from 1923 to 1933. The play centres on a breach of promise case brought before a British court of justice. The piece opened on 24 November 1930 and ran until 16 May 1931, a total of 195 performances. The actor-manager Tom Walls, who presented the farces and co-starred in most of them, gathered a regular company of players for the series. All the chief members of the company took part in Marry the Girl. A film adaptation of the play was made in 1935 under the same title. Background Marry the Girl was the eighth of the twelve Aldwych farces, and only the second not written by Ben Travers. The first four in the series, It Pays to Advertise, A Cuckoo in the Nest, Rookery Nook and Thark had long runs, averaging more than 400 performances each. The next three were less outstandingly successful, with progressively shorter runs: Plunder (1928) ran for 344 performances, A Cup of Kindness (1929) for 291, and A Night Like This (1930), 267. Like its predecessors, the play was directed by Tom Walls, who co-starred with Ralph Lynn, a specialist in playing "silly ass" characters. The regular company of supporting actors included Robertson Hare, who played a figure of harassed respectability; Mary Brough in eccentric old lady roles; Ethel Coleridge as the severe voice of authority; Winifred Shotter as the sprightly young female lead; and the saturnine Gordon James. Original cast Banks – George Barrett Jane Elliott – Doreen Bendix Mrs Elliott – Ethel Coleridge Walford Gibbs – Ralph Lynn Mrs Chattaway – Mary Brough Cyril Chattaway – Denis O'Neil Hugh Delafield – Tom Walls Doris Chattaway – Winifred Shotter Sergeant Burrows – Philip Carlton Sir Anthony Plumstead – Gordon James Mr Justice Sparrowhawk – Robertson Hare Mervyn Parkes – Archibald Batty Synopsis Act I – Wally Gibbs's rooms in Staple Inn. Afternoon Wally hopes to marry Jane Elliott. He seeks Mrs Elliott's approval, which she gives, though shrewdly assessing his playboy character. When Wally is alone, Mrs Chattaway is shown in. She accuses him of playing fast and loose with the affections of her daughter Doris. He admits that they have been on romantic terms, but denies that he ever asked Doris to marry him. Mrs Chattaway departs, threatening him with an action for breach of promise. Wally's best friend, Hugh, arrives. He is a barrister, but not a prosperous one, preferring to go to the races than appear in court. Unlike the equally idle Wally he has no private income. He too loves Jane, but magnanimously congratulates his friend on being the victor in the contest for her love. Wally tells Hugh about Mrs Chattaway's threats. The solution, he feels, is for Hugh to charm Doris and lure her affections away from Wally. He emphasises that Doris is a very attractive and genuinely nice young woman. Hugh reluctantly agrees. They spin Doris a yarn that he is desolate after a broken engagement and in need of consolation. He borrows Wally's car to take her for a drive in the country. Act II – The same, the next morning Mrs Chattaway intrudes again, accompanied by her son. Doris has not been home overnight, and they accuse of Wally of abducting her. He allows them to search his rooms, and they depart, threatening to call in the police. Hugh and Doris enter. While they were having dinner in a country pub Wally's car was stolen. It was too late to come back to London by train, and they took a room each at the pub. Wally is greatly agitated, expressing concern for Doris's reputation. It is clear that she will suffer at the hands of her bullying mother if it emerges that she has been out overnight with a man she has just met. Mrs Chattaway returns; they try to bluff things out, but a police inspector arrives to report the finding of Wally's car. He hands over a vanity bag found in the vehicle, which Mrs Chattaway recognises as Doris's. She assumes it was Wally, not Hugh, who took Doris for a ride. Jane enters, encounters Doris, and leaps to the same conclusion as Mrs Chattaway. She breaks off the engagement and leaves. Hugh's brother-in-law, a prosperous solicitor to whom he owes money, arrives in search of him. He insists that Hugh should accept a lucrative brief to appear for the plaintiff in a breach of promise case. Hugh looks at the brief and announces in dismay that the plaintiff's name is Doris Chattaway. Act III – The Law Courts Before the trial begins Wally and Doris confer privately. Each expresses a warm regard for the other, and it is clear that the case has been brought entirely under pressure from Mrs Chattaway. The trial begins, presided over by a judge who makes dreadful jokes throughout. Hugh outlines the case against Wally, painting a deeply unflattering picture of his character. Cross-examined, Wally says that though he never proposed marriage to Doris he might have done had it not been for her mother. Hugh reads aloud from some of Wally's love letters to Doris, which are so twee as to have Wally cowering below the top of the witness box from embarrassment. Hugh and Wally engage in mutual acrimony that verges on contempt of court. Wally announces to the court in general and Hugh in particular that he did not realise how much Doris meant to him until the night Hugh took her away. The judge tries to restore order, but is shouted down by Wally and Hugh. Wally proposes in open court to Doris, who accepts; Hugh counters by revealing that he has married Jane. The hullabaloo in court engulfs the hapless judge and even the incandescent Mrs Chattaway, as each character expresses his or her enthusiasm or outrage. Critical reception There was a general view among the critics that although the third act was exceptionally funny, the first two were slow, with some good comic scenes but also quite a lot of not particularly amusing exposition of the plot. The Times said, "But the Court scene, though it could make no claim to originality, was good fun from beginning to end. Mr Hare, as the presiding Judge, had the best of it but the inanity of Mr Lynn in the witness box was extremely felicitous." The Illustrated London News predicted a run of more than 100 nights, but "the credit for this will be due to the actors rather than the authors, who have not been lavish in their wit or in inventing notably original or humorous situations". The paper added that the last act was extremely funny and sent the audience from the theatre shaking with laughter. Adaptations The play was filmed in 1935. Marry the Girl was unlike the nine earlier film versions of the Aldwych series in several respects: it was made by a different company (British Lion Films rather than British & Dominions Film Corporation and Gaumont British); it was not directed by Walls, who had directed eight of the first nine; and neither Walls, Lynn nor Hare featured in it: the only member of the original stage cast who appeared was Winifred Shotter, reprising her stage role as Doris. Notes References 1930 plays Aldwych farce British plays adapted into films Comedy plays
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Vieuphoria is a long form music video by American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, originally released on VHS on October 4, 1994, and DVD on November 26, 2002. It was certified gold by the RIAA in late 1996. The video consists of various Smashing Pumpkins performances, mostly from the Siamese Dream tour, interspersed with comedy bits (including "Meet the Frogs"), interviews, featurettes, and other short videos. The soundtrack for the film, Earphoria, was released as a promo CD in 1994 and officially in 2002. Track listing The DVD also includes the complete interview with Manny Chevrolet and The Lost '94 Tapes, which were found by Billy Corgan shortly before the DVD release. The performances are: "Quiet" "Snail" "Siva" "I Am One" "Geek U.S.A." "Soma" "Hummer" "Porcelina" "Silverfuck" "Porcelina" should not be confused with the similarly titled "Porcelina of the Vast Oceans" from the album Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness. Personnel The Smashing Pumpkins Jimmy Chamberlin – drums Billy Corgan – vocals, guitar James Iha – guitar, vocals D'arcy Wretzky – bass guitar, vocals, percussion on "Mayonaise" Additional musicians Eric Remschneider – electric cello on "Soma", "Hummer", and "Porcelina" Production Modi – direction References The Smashing Pumpkins video albums The Smashing Pumpkins live albums 1994 video albums Live video albums 1994 live albums Virgin Records live albums Virgin Records video albums
{'title': 'Vieuphoria', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieuphoria', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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Six referendums were held in Switzerland during 1938. The first four were held on 20 February; the first on amending articles 107 and 116 of the constitution to make Romansch an official language, which was approved by over 90% of voters and all cantons. The second was on a popular initiative "on urgent federal resolutions and the protection of people's rights" and was rejected by 85% of voters. The third was on a popular initiative on the private arms industry, and was also rejected by a wide margin, whilst the fourth was on a counter-proposal to the arms industry question, and was approved by voters. The fifth referendum was held on 3 July on the penal code, and was approved. The sixth and final referendum of the year was held on 27 November on a federal resolution on the transient order of the federal budget, and was approved by 72% of voters. Background The referendums on making Romansch an official language and the federal budget were both "obligatory" referendums, requiring a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half. The popular initiatives on federal resolutions and the arms industry also required a double majority, as did the counter proposal to the arms industry question. The referendum on the penal code was an "optional referendum", which required only a majority of voters in favour. Results February: Romansch as an official language February: popular initiative on federal resolutions February: popular initiative on the private arms industry February: Counter-proposal on the private arms industry July: Penal code November: Federal budget References 1938 referendums 1938 in Switzerland Referendums in Switzerland
{'title': '1938 Swiss referendums', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%20Swiss%20referendums', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'}
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KDB Seteria (P-04) is the third ship of Waspada-class built up in the late 1970s, one of three ordered in Singapore. She was launched on 1978, and is still in active service with the Royal Brunei Navy. Construction Seteria was ordered in 1976. She was laid down by Vosper Thornycroft in Singapore and launched on 15 March 1978. She was commissioned on 25 June 1979. Description Seteria is a small missile boat, orientated to be a patrol boat. The overall length of this boat is 36.9 m, the width – 7.2 m and the draft – 1.8 m. The displacement tonnage is 150 or 206 tones (depending on the source). The ship is powered by two compression-ignition engines MTU 20V538 TB91 (9000 hp). Maximum quantity of the fuel she can take is 16 tones, consequently she can sail for 1,200 nautical miles at a speed of 14 knots. She is armed with one twin mount for the Oerlikon 30-calibre GCM-B01 guns. The angle of this gun barrel is 85°, the weight of the projectile is 1 kg, the range is of 10 000 m and the rate of fire is 650 RPM. She is also equipped with two single M2 Browning and two launchers of anti-ship missiles MM38 Exocet. History Seteria was commanded by First Admiral Dato Seri Pahlawan Haji Othman bin Hj Suhaili. Exercise Pelican 1979 Ex Pelican 1979, the first ever joint naval exercise between Royal Brunei Navy and Republic of Singapore Navy. Seteria and KDB Waspada from Brunei and and RSS Vigor. Exercise Pelican 1997 A joint exercise hosted by Royal Brunei Navy and Republic of Singapore Navy from 2 to 9 October 1997. Seteria, KDB Serasa, KDB Perwira, KDB Pemburu, Waspada, RSS Vigilance, RSS Sea Tiger and participated in the exercise. CARAT 2004 Seteria, Perwira, Pemburu, Waspada, , and conducted a Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) in the South China Sea on 24 June 2004. Helang Laut 2008 The Royal Brunei Navy and the Tentera National Indonesia Angkatan Laut (TNI AL) conducted a 5 days exercise from 15–19 December 2008 called "Helang Laut”. Seteria, Waspada, Pemburu and Serasa from Brunei and KRI Layang and KRI Singa from Indonesia participated in the exercise. Gallery References Royal Brunei Navy 1978 ships Ships of Brunei
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