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West Virginia Route 27 is an east–west state highway located within the Northern Panhandle county of Brooke in West Virginia. The western terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 2 in Wellsburg. The eastern terminus is at the Pennsylvania state line five miles (8 km) east of Wellsburg, where WV 27 continues east into the border town of Independence as Pennsylvania Route 844.
Major intersections
WV 27 Alternate
West Virginia Route 27 Alternate is an east–west state highway located within the Northern Panhandle county of Brooke in West Virginia. The western terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 2 in Follansbee. The eastern terminus is at the Pennsylvania state line near Eldersville, Pennsylvania where the road continues as Eldersville Road (State Route 4008).
Unlike most alternate state routes, Alternate WV 27 does not connect with its parent WV 27 route. Approximately four miles of WV Route 2 separate the western termini of both routes.
Major intersections
References
027
Transportation in Brooke County, West Virginia | {'title': 'West Virginia Route 27', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Virginia%20Route%2027', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Cos Cob art colony was a group of artists, many of them American Impressionists, who gathered during the summer months in and around Cos Cob, a section of Greenwich, Connecticut, from about 1890 to about 1920.
In a joking reference to their predilection for painting views of the vernacular architecture, group member Childe Hassam nicknamed the art colony "the Cos Cob Clapboard School of Art."
History
Artists had been coming to Greenwich to paint since the 1870s, but the art colony began to form when John Henry Twachtman settled in Greenwich in 1889. The town was only a short train ride from New York City, yet retained a rural character that appealed to artists. Many of Twachtman's friends came to visit him at his home; among them were Hassam, J. Alden Weir, Theodore Robinson, Henry Fitch Taylor, and Robert Reid. For longer stays, they boarded at the Holley House (now known as the Bush-Holley House), a rambling old saltbox overlooking Cos Cob's small harbor.
During the winter, Twachtman and Weir taught at the Art Students League of New York. Probably beginning in 1890, Twachtman established summer art classes in Cos Cob; Weir taught with him in 1892 and 1893. Many of the summer students were enrolled at the Art Students League. Among the artists who first visited Cos Cob as summer students were Elmer Livingston MacRae, Ernest Lawson, Allen Tucker, Charles Ebert, Mary Roberts Ebert, Alice Judson, and Genjiro Yeto.
Other artists associated with the Cos Cob art colony include Leonard Ochtman, Mina Fonda Ochtman, Dorothy Ochtman, Edward Clark Potter, Emil Carlsen, George Wharton Edwards, and Kerr Eby. The art colony also included many writers and editors, including Lincoln Steffens and Willa Cather.
Members of the Cos Cob art colony were deeply involved in organizing the Armory Show, the exhibition that in 1913 introduced modernist European art to a vast American audience. The art colony formed its own hometown organization in 1911. The Greenwich Society of Artists (now the Greenwich Art Society) held its first exhibition in 1912 at the Bruce Museum, which opened to the public for the first time on that occasion.
See also
Art colony
References
Sources
Notes
External links
Connecticut Impressionist Art Trail
Greenwich Historical Society
Bruce Museum
Greenwich Art Society
American artist groups and collectives
Artist colonies
American art movements
American Impressionism
Cultural history of the United States
Greenwich, Connecticut
Connecticut culture | {'title': 'Cos Cob art colony', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cos%20Cob%20art%20colony', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Edvard Munch () is a 1974 biographical film about the Norwegian Expressionist painter Edvard Munch, written and directed by English filmmaker Peter Watkins. It was originally created as a three-part miniseries co-produced by the Norwegian and Swedish state television networks NRK and SVT, but subsequently gained an American theatrical release in a three-hour version in 1976. The film covers about thirty years of Munch's life, focusing on the influences that shaped his art, particularly the prevalence of disease and death in his family and his youthful affair with a married woman. The film was screened at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival, but wasn't entered into the main competition.
Style
Like Watkins' other films, Edvard Munch uses a docudrama approach; scenes from Munch's life are re-enacted by a large cast (mostly Norwegian non-professional actors), but there is also a voiceover narration by Watkins, and there are moments when the characters speak directly to camera, as if being interviewed about their own lives or their opinions of Munch. Some of the dialogue was improvised by the cast, especially in the interview segments. To convey the hostile response Munch's work often received during his lifetime, Watkins recruited Norwegians who genuinely disliked the paintings.
Distribution and responses
After its initial broadcast, the film was briefly an international success but was not widely available for many years afterward. Watkins has said that network officials tried to suppress its distribution, and tried to bar it from competition in the Cannes Film Festival, because they disapproved of its use of non-professional actors and anachronistic dialogue. After NRK relinquished rights to the film in 2002, it gained a wider international release.
Ingmar Bergman called the film a "work of genius".
Cast
Geir Westby as Edvard Munch
Gro Fraas as Fru Heiberg
Johan Halsbog as Dr. Christian Munch
Lotte Teig as Laura Cathrine Bjølstad
Gro Jarto as Laura Cathrine Munch
Rachel Pedersen as Inger Marie Munch
Berit Rytter Hasle as Laura Munch
Gunnar Skjetne as Peter Andreas Munch
Kare Stormark as Hans Jæger
Eli Ryg as Oda Lasson
Iselin Bast as Dagny Juell
Alf Kåre Strindberg as August Strindberg
Eric Allum as Edvard - 1868
Amund Berge as Edvard - 1875
Kerstii Allum as Sophie - 1868
Inger-Berit Oland as Sophie - 1875
Susan Troldmyr as Laura - 1868
Camilla Falk as Laura - 1875
Ragnvald Caspari as Peter - 1868
Erik Kristiansen as Peter - 1875
Katja Pedersen as Inger - 1868
Anne-Marie Dæhli as Inger - 1875
References
External links
Notes on Edvard Munch on Peter Watkin's website
Stanford Museum document on screening of film
1974 films
1970s biographical drama films
1970s English-language films
Films directed by Peter Watkins
1970s French-language films
1970s Norwegian-language films
Biographical films about painters
Films set in the 1890s
Films set in Norway
Swedish biographical drama films
Norwegian biographical drama films
Cultural depictions of Edvard Munch
Cultural depictions of August Strindberg
1974 drama films
1974 multilingual films
Norwegian multilingual films
Swedish multilingual films
1970s Swedish films | {'title': 'Edvard Munch (film)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard%20Munch%20%28film%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Terbium gallium garnet (TGG) is a kind of synthetic garnet, with the chemical composition . This is a Faraday rotator material with excellent transparency properties and is very resistant to laser damage. TGG can be used in optical isolators for laser systems, in optical circulators for fiber optic systems, in optical modulators, and in current and magnetic field sensors.
TGG has a high Verdet constant which results in the Faraday effect. The Verdet constant increases substantially as the mineral approaches cryogenic temperatures. The highest Verdet constants are found in terbium doped dense flint glasses or in crystals of TGG. The Faraday effect is chromatic (i.e. it depends on wavelength) and therefore the Verdet constant is quite a strong function of wavelength. At 632 nm, the Verdet constant for TGG is reported to be , whereas at 1064 nm it falls to . This behavior means that the devices manufactured with a certain degree of rotation at one wavelength, will produce much less rotation at longer wavelengths. Many Faraday rotators and isolators are adjustable by varying the degree to which the amount of the Faraday rotator material is inserted into the magnetic field of the device. In this way, the device can be tuned for use with a range of lasers within the design range of the device.
See also
Gadolinium gallium garnet
Yttrium iron garnet
Yttrium aluminium garnet
References
Synthetic minerals
Oxides
Terbium compounds
Gallium compounds
Nonlinear optical materials | {'title': 'Terbium gallium garnet', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium%20gallium%20garnet', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Joseph Douglas Collister (born 15 December 1991) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played in the Football League with Tranmere Rovers before dropping into semi-professional and amateur football. He currently plays for West Cheshire League team Heswall.
Playing career
Tranmere Rovers
Born in Wirral, Merseyside, Collister started his career with Tranmere Rovers when he signed a two-year professional contract with the club on 23 July 2009, where he had graduated from the Rovers' Centre of Excellence.
Collister was primarily used as understudy to on-loan West Bromwich Albion goalkeeper Luke Daniels. However, following an injury to Daniels on 12 September 2009, Collister came on as a second-half substitute, and in doing so made his Tranmere Rovers debut, in a League One fixture in which the club lost 3–2 at home to Walsall.
Collister went on to make a total of 14 appearances with Tranmere, but following the end of his two-year contract, manager Les Parry decided to release Collister at the end of the 2010–11 season.
Tamworth
Following a successful trial period, Collister signed for Conference National side Tamworth in August 2011, signing a one-year contract. He joined Barwell on a one-month loan on 24 September along with Lee Weemes and Luke Shearer.
Collister made his debut for Tamworth on 1 January 2012 in a 2–2 draw with Alfreton Town. Later that month he went on loan to Altrincham. He made his debut in a 2–0 defeat away at Gainsbrough trinity, saving a penalty and winning man of the match award.
In late March he joined Fleetwood Town on loan until the end of the season.
AFC Telford United
On 31 August 2012, Collister joined AFC Telford United on a one-year-deal.
He was released to free up space for Telford to bring in more players on 5 February 2013
Altrincham
He rejoined former club Altrincham until the end of the 2012–2013 season.
Heswall
After leaving Altrincham, Collister joined West Cheshire League team Heswall.
Personal life
Collister attended Hilbre High School in Newton, West Kirby, Wirral until the age of 16.
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Wirral
English footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Tamworth F.C. players
Barwell F.C. players
Altrincham F.C. players
Fleetwood Town F.C. players
AFC Telford United players
Heswall F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Footballers from Merseyside | {'title': 'Joe Collister', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Collister', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The ocellated flat lizard or Chimanimani flat lizard (Platysaurus ocellatus) is a species of lizard in the family Cordylidae. It is endemic to the Chimanimani Mountains of south eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique.
Description
Ocellated flat lizards are similar to the Cape flat lizard. They have a flat body which is covered in granular scales and a flattened triangular shaped head. The tail is long and tapered with lateral spines. Females and juveniles are brown with white spots. The larger males are also brown, with a black head. The tail is orange-yellow underneath. Unlike other Platysaurus species the females and juveniles of the ocellated flat lizard do not have three lateral white stripes on the dorsum.
Habitat and distribution
The ocellated flat lizard lives in woodlands with quartzite rocks in the Chimanimani Mountains of eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique.
Habits
Ocellated flat lizards eat beetles and plant matters (flowers, leaves, and seeds). They lay two eggs in October or November which are laid communally with other females within cracks in the rocks. The compressed shape of their bodies allows them to shelter in cracks in rocks and other crevices. They are gregarious and can be seen in groups. However males engage in competition over space and access to females and display by exposing their brightly colored bellies by tilting sideways, or lift the head and shoulders up on stiffened front legs, showing off the bright colours of the throat and chest.
Conservation
The ocellated flat lizard has a very restricted range and is classified as endangered in Mozambique.
See also
Platysaurus
Cordylidae
References
External links
More information
Platysaurus
Lizards of Africa
Reptiles of Mozambique
Reptiles of Zimbabwe
Reptiles described in 1962
Taxa named by Donald George Broadley | {'title': 'Ocellated flat lizard', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocellated%20flat%20lizard', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Donald Sage (born October 5, 1981) is an American track athlete and the winner of the 2002 NCAA Outdoor 1500m championship.
Background
Sage graduated from York Community High School in Elmhurst, Illinois in 2000, where he ran for legendary coach Joe Newton. He won state titles in cross country (1999) and track & field (1600m (1999 and 2000) and 3200m (1999 and 2000)). In the 2000 Prefontaine Classic Sage ran a 4:00.29 mile, the 12th best performance ever by a high school runner. That also made him the 2nd fastest high school runner to not break the 4 minute barrier.
Sage attended Stanford University. He was a three time All-American in cross country, helping the Cardinal to 2 team championships (2002, 2003) and a seven time All-American in track, including his victory in the 2002 outdoor 1500m.
Personal bests
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
People from Elmhurst, Illinois
American male middle-distance runners
Stanford Cardinal men's track and field athletes
Sportspeople from Illinois
Stanford Cardinal men's cross country runners | {'title': 'Donald Sage', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Sage', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Up in Central Park is a Broadway musical with a book by Herbert Fields and Dorothy Fields, lyrics by Dorothy Fields, and music by Sigmund Romberg. The musical, originally called "Central Park" before Broadway (see image of sheet music), was Romberg's last stage work produced during his lifetime.
Produced by Michael Todd, the Broadway production, staged by John Kennedy, and choreographed by Helen Tamiris, opened on January 27, 1945 at the New Century Theatre, where it ran for 504 performances. The cast included Noah Beery Sr., Wilbur Evans and Betty Bruce.
The musical is set in the Boss Tweed era of New York City in the 1870s. Wilbur Evans plays John Matthews, a New York Times reporter investigating the Tweed’s crooked political machine, especially the fraud connected with constructing Central Park.
He falls in love with the daughter of one of the Boss’ ward heelers, who marries a politician, who is killed. She later rekindles her love for Matthews. The settings, costumes and dances evoked the lithographs of Currier and Ives.
Songs
Act I
Up from the Gutter
Carousel in the Park
It Doesn’t Cost You Anything to Dream
Boss Tweed
When She Walks in the Room
Currier and Ives
Close as Pages in a Book
Rip Van Winkle
The Fireman’s Bride
Act II
When the Party Gives a Party
Maypole Dance
The Big Back Yard
April Snow
Finaletto
The Birds and the Bees
Film version
In 1948 the musical was made into a film directed by William A. Seiter and starring Deanna Durbin, Dick Haymes and Vincent Price. Mary Grant designed the film's costumes. The movie version omits much of the Broadway score and changes the story considerably. The film was not a success.
Recordings
Decca released an album of eight songs from the show with original cast members Wilbur Evans and Betty Bruce, along with the show orchestra conducted by Max Meth. Also appearing on the album are Eileen Farrell and Celeste Holm, who were not in the show.
RCA Victor put out an album with Jeanette MacDonald and Robert Merrill singing six selections from the score, with Russell Bennett conducting. (78rpm set M-991, discs 10-1153/4/5)
References
External links
1945 musicals
Broadway musicals
Musicals by Sigmund Romberg
Musicals by Herbert Fields
Central Park | {'title': 'Up in Central Park', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up%20in%20Central%20Park', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
July is the seventh month of the year.
July may also refer to:
"July" or "JulyZerg", the pseudonym of programmer Park Sung-joon (StarCraft player)
Cassandra July, Glee character
Miranda July, American filmmaker, actress, singer, and writer
July, West Virginia, a community in the United States
Music
July (band), rock band from Ealing, U.K. from the late 1960s
July (EP), a 2006 EP released by Katatonia
July (album), a 2014 album by Marissa Nadler
"July" (Noah Cyrus song), a 2019 song by Noah Cyrus
"July" (Ocean Colour Scene song), a 2000 song by Ocean Colour Scene
"July", a 2009 song by Inna
"July", a song from The Great Cold Distance by Katatonia
"July", a 2016 song by Kris Wu
"July", a 1995 Avant-Garde Concerto by Leif Segerstam
"July", a song from Rusted Angel by Darkane
"July", a song from Birds of My Neighborhood by The Innocence Mission
"July", a song from The Power of Failing by Mineral
See also
Juli (disambiguation) | {'title': 'July (disambiguation)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%20%28disambiguation%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Edward Charles Lawn (July 18, 1879 – May 15, 1961) was a Canadian merchant and politician in Quebec. He represented Pontiac in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1935 to 1948 as a Liberal.
The son of John Lawn, farmer, and Jane Kenshaly, he was born in L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet and was educated in Bryson, in L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet and at business college in Ottawa. Lawn was a general merchant and lumber merchant in Campbell's Bay. He was a school trustee for 35 years and served as mayor of Campbell's Bay from 1920 to 1946. He served as prefect for Pontiac County from 1926 to 1928.
He was elected in 1935 and reelected in 1936, 1939 and 1944. He served as party whip from 1940 to 1945. Lawn was defeated by Raymond Thomas Johnston when he ran for reelection in 1948.
Lawn married Maggie Shannon in 1906.
He died in Campbell's Bay at the age of 81.
References
1879 births
1961 deaths
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
Mayors of places in Quebec | {'title': 'Edward Lawn', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Lawn', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Chris Victor is an American college basketball head coach who is currently the head coach at Seattle University.
Playing career
Victor attended Concordia–Irvine from 2001 to 2004. He helped lead Concordia to a NAIA title in 2003. Victor scored a season high 26 points and had 9 assists in the title game. During his senior season, Concordia again reached the NAIA championship game.
Coaching career
Victor began his coaching career as an assistant under Rick Croy at Citrus College in 2005, leading his team to 17 wins in his only season. Victor became an assistant at Concordia–Irvine in 2006 and helped the team to a 119-22 record. The team won three out of four Golden State Athletic Conference Championships and reached the NAIA championship game in 2007. Victor was hired as head coach at Citrus College in 2010. In his first season, he led the team to a 27-6 record and helped the team reach the CCCAA State Regional Finals. Victor served as head coach of Citrus College from 2010 to 2015, compiling a 103-39 record. In June 2015, he joined Eastern Washington as an assistant under Jim Hayford. Hayford was hired as head coach of Seattle in 2017, and Victor was named assistant coach. In four seasons, Victor helped the team to a 64-55 record.
Hayford was placed on administrative leave on November 5, 2021, following an investigation that indicated he used racial slurs. Victor coached the Redhawks as they opened their season with a 69-66 win over Alcorn State. On November 11, Hayford officially resigned and Victor was named interim head coach. On March 1, 2022, Victor’s status as interim head coach was rescinded, and he was officially named Seattle’s head coach.
Head coaching record
Junior college
College
References
External links
Seattle Redhawks profile
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from California
Concordia Eagles men's basketball players
Concordia Eagles men's basketball coaches
Citrus Owls men's basketball coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Eastern Washington Eagles men's basketball coaches
Seattle Redhawks men's basketball coaches
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Chris Victor', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Victor', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Kororofa (Kwararafa in Hausa) was a multiethnic state and/or confederacy centered along the Benue River valley in what is today central Nigeria. It was southwest of the Bornu Empire and south of the Hausa States. They rose to prominence before 1500, were in conflict with their more powerful neighbours in the 17th century, and reduced to a small tribute state by the 18th century. It is believed that Kwararafa was either a confederacy conquest state, led by the modern Jukun people or perhaps a collective name given by their Muslim foes for a number of pagan peoples to their south.
Regardless, a spiritually important pagan Jukun priest-kingship at Wukari appears to have been the centre of Kwararafa power, but in the 17th century, that may have spread much farther. Leo Africanus records a Bornu raid into Kwararafa territory at the end of the 15th century and the resistance of Kwararafa horsemen. They practiced a bureaucratic state of rule and was headed by the Aku whose powers were greatly limited.
The Kano Chronicles among other Hausa sources record successful invasions of Hausaland by the Kwararafa, specifically against Kano around 1600, again in the middle of the century, and another in 1671. In the 1670s the Kwararafa assaulted Katsina, sacked Zaria and launched an invasion of Bornu. Bornu sources recount Kwararafa striking towards the capital of Ngasargamu and being turned aside in a great battle by Mai Ali bin Umar. Katsina chronicler Dan Marina recounts the Mai Ali killing, wounding and capturing many Kwararafa and sending three captives back to their leader, with their ears severed and hung around their necks.
Regardless of the brutality of the relations, there seems to have been a long period of respect between states. During the 18th century, communities of each apparently lived in the cities of the other, and a tradition of Muslim emissaries served the Kwararafa.
Hausa communities too were found in the Kwararafa territory. Still, the state apparently was resolutely pagan and remained so past its decline in the 18th century. By the end of that century, Kwararafa paid tribute to Bornu. By the 19th century they were reduced to small towns, resisting, for a period, the Fulani Jihad of the Sokoto Caliphate.
The successor state, the Wukari Federation, was established around 1840 and remains as a Nigerian traditional state. It remains the only tribe that conquered the Hausa and the most powerful tribe in Nigeria in the 17th century.
References
The Times Atlas of World History. (Maplewood: Hammond, 1989) p. 137
The DK Atlas of World History. Map of "African Trade and the Spread of Islam, 500-1500 AD". (Dorling Kindersley Publishing Book, 2000) p. 162
History of Nigeria
Countries in precolonial Africa
Former countries in Africa
15th-century establishments in Nigeria
1840s disestablishments in Nigeria | {'title': 'Kwararafa', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwararafa', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Nicholas Petkovich (; 18 August 1893 - 16 October 1952) was a Serbian-American artist and priest, first of the Serbian Orthodox Church, then of the Episcopal Church.
Biography
Nikola Petkovich was born on 18 August 1893 in Inđija, then part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary, today in Serbia. He was the youngest child of Mladen and Judita (née Vukičević) Petkovich. Nikola's two siblings were a sister, Ljubica, and a brother, Teodor. Their father was a successful merchant and importer. By the age of ten, Petkovich had lost both his parents: his mother before he was three, and his father before he was ten. The Petkovich estate was divided, and a trust fund was established for Nikola and the two siblings to provide for their respective education.
Petkovich graduated from the Novi Sad Gymnasium and enrolled in law school at the University of Zagreb. His brother Teodor graduated from the same law school and became a prominent judge and author of several books on philosophy. Petkovich looked up to his older brother and first thought he might follow in Teodor's footsteps. After a year, he withdrew from law school and entered the prestigious Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna.
In 1912 during the First Balkan War, he left school with some of his friends and voluntarily joined the Serbian Army. He was assigned to an army hospital in Old Serbia and when the war ended three months later, he was given an honorable discharge. Upon leaving the military, he went to a seminary to become a monk and was ordained a hieromonk. There he also studied icon and fresco painting. Upon completion in 1916, he decided to emigrate abroad. Petkovich, now Father Nikolaj, arrived in New York City with six dollars in his pocket, and a letter of introduction to a Serbian priest in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. For the next quarter of a century he served Serb communities in Akron and Lorain, Ohio; Butte, Montana; and Clairton and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He also took up teaching art in the 1920s at Carnegie Institute of Technology (now CMU) in Pittsburgh where he remained for the rest of his life.
By 1940, he was listed in the city directory as Rev. Nikolaj Petkovich, pastor of St. Sava's Serbian Orthodox Church and resided 2107 Sidney Street, on Pittsburgh's South Side. In 1944, he appeared in the city directory as "Conversationalist," a reference to his role as Serbian language instructor for a group of U.S. soldiers being trained at the University of Pittsburgh as candidates for the Office of Strategic Services. While at St. Sava's, Father Nikolaj was separated from the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1942 when he broke his vow as a celibate priest by marrying Zora Strain. A petition was signed by parishioners asking for his reinstatement but it was all to no avail.
After leaving the Orthodox Church, Nicholas Petkovich was invited to be an assistant minister of the Calvary Episcopal Church in Shadyside. There he served on a voluntary basis and befriended Bishop Lauriston L. Scaife, and two artists Norwood Hodge MacGilvary (1874-1949), and Andrey Avinoff. All three would change the direction of Petkovich's life. Petkovich met MacGilvary while he was a student at Carnegie Tech. As associate professor of Art, MacGilvary was impressed with the talents of Nikolaj, now Nicholas, and appointed him to the faculty as "Messier", so that Petkovich need pay no tuition. Later, Petkovich would meet Dr. Avinoff, an entomologist and artist who was at the time Director of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh. When Petkovich accepted to be an assistant minister at Cavalry Episcopal Church, Avinoff was among the first to congratulate him. Sadly, however, Petkovich was to see both of those close friends, Avianoff and MacGilvary, pass away in 1949.
A few years later, Petkovich died on 16 October 1952.
Works
From December 1955 and January 1956, a memorial exhibition of his art work was held in Pittsburgh. Nicholas Petkovich's works are on display at Westmoreland Museum of American Art in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and other collections are being sold on a regular basis.
See also
Nick Lalich
George Musulin
George Vujnovich
Sources
Serb World U.S.A., Vol XXVIII, No. 6, July/August 2012, pages 20–27
References
1893 births
1952 deaths
Serbian Orthodox clergy
People from Inđija
American people of Serbian descent
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
20th-century American male artists | {'title': 'Nicholas Petkovich', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Petkovich', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
"Halloween" is a song by Dave Matthews Band from the 1998 album Before These Crowded Streets. The song was originally released as a live track on their Recently EP in 1994. It debuted live on Halloween of 1992 and was originally titled "The Halloween Song." It opened the show, and included Kristen Asbury on vocals. The debut was different from newer versions of Halloween, and it is also the longest version of the song (12:07) to date.
"Halloween" is the only track on Before These Crowded Streets not to have lyrics included in the CD cover.
Live releases
Recently (original EP release)
Live at Luther College — Dave Matthews & Tim Reynolds acoustic
Warehouse 5 Vol. 3
The Gorge (Special Edition)
Weekend on the Rocks
Live Trax Vol. 9
Live Trax Vol. 15
"Live In Atlantic City"
Live Trax Vol. 35
"2012 Summer Tour Sampler"
Footnotes
Dave Matthews Band songs
1994 songs
Songs written by Dave Matthews
Song recordings produced by Steve Lillywhite | {'title': 'Halloween (Dave Matthews Band song)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween%20%28Dave%20Matthews%20Band%20song%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Edward Rider Cook (4 June 1836 – 21 August 1898) was an English soap manufacturer and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1886.
Cook was born at Whitechapel, the son of Edward Cook of Crix, Hatfield Peverel, Essex and his wife Anne Rider. He was educated at City of London School, and at University College, London, where he studied theoretical and analytical chemistry. He was senior partner in the firm of Edward Cook & Co., soap makers and chemical manufacturers of Bow. In 1865, he became a member for Poplar at the Metropolitan Board of Works. He was chairman of the unsuccessful London Riverside Fish Market Co. of Shadwell, Honorary Treasurer of Society of Chemical Industry, and a Conservator of River Lea. He was also F.C.S., a J.P. for Middlesex and was described as an advanced Liberal.
He was elected at the 1885 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for West Ham North, but lost the seat in the 1886 general election.
Cook married firstly Edith Piper in 1860, and secondly Ellen Leonard of Clifton, Bristol in 1873. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at his residence, Woodford House, Woodford Green, Essex, in August 1898 aged 62.
References
External links
1836 births
1898 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1885–1886
People from Woodford, London
People educated at the City of London School
Alumni of University College London
Members of the Metropolitan Board of Works | {'title': 'Edward Rider Cook', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Rider%20Cook', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
John Gregg may refer to:
Politicians
John Gregg (Guildford MP) (died 1431 or after), English MP for Guildford
John Gregg (Texas politician) (1828–1864), American politician from Texas who was killed in action during the American Civil War
John R. Gregg (born 1954), American politician from Indiana
Religion
John Gregg (bishop of Cork) (1798–1878), Anglican Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, 1862–1878
John Gregg (archbishop of Armagh) (1873–1961), Anglican Archbishop of Armagh 1939–1959
Others
John Irvin Gregg (1826–1892), United States Army general
John Robert Gregg (1867–1948), Irish-born American inventor of Gregg shorthand
John P. Gregg (1876–1963), head football coach at Louisiana State University, 1899
John William Gregg (1880–1969), American landscape architect
John Gregg (1899–1986), companion of philanthropist Robert Allerton
John Gregg (baker) (1909–1964), British founder of Greggs bakery
John Gregg (actor) (1939–2021), Australian actor
John Gregg (loyalist) (1957–2003), Ulster loyalist, member of the UDA
See also
John Gregg Fee (1816–1901), founder of Berea College
John Greig (disambiguation) | {'title': 'John Gregg', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Gregg', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Ambalavasi, more properly Ampalavasi, (; IAST: Ampalavāsi; ) is the generic name for a group of castes among Hindus in Kerala, India, who have traditionally rendered temple services.
Castes
The Ambalavasis are broadly divided into two groups, being those who wear the sacred thread and those who do not.
Sacred thread wearers
Pushpaka Brahmins
Pushpaka (Pushpakan Unni)
Nambeesan
Theeyatt Unni
Kurukkal
Puppalli
Plappalli (Pilappalli)
Nambidi
Daivampadi or Brahmani
Others
Chakyar,
Nambiar
Atikal (also written as Adikal)
Threadless Ambalavasis
Pisharody
Marar
Varyar
Pothuval,
The feminine names of threadless ambalavasi castes are formed by adding the suffix -syar to the masculine names as Pisharadi-Pisharasyar, Marar-Marasyar, Variar-Varasyar, Poduval-Poduvalsyar.
Temple services
Though all Ampalavāsis have to do service in temples, they have sufficiently distinct functions to perform. Pushpakans and Nambeesans are teachers in the Pathasalas or Mutts and suppliers of flowers to temple. Chakyar stages dramas called Kooth and Koodiyattam. Marars are temple musicians. Variar and Poduval did managerial and executive functions of temple committees and served as storekeepers and watchmen.
Customs
The customs of Ambalavasis vary according to castes. Ambalavasis are generally vegetarians. Some Ambalavasi castes are patrilineal, while the others are matrilineal.
Their ritual rank in Hinduism is highly disputed. Ambalavasi castes who wear Sacred Thread and adhere Vedic rituals are classified as Brahmins or as lower rung of Brahmins. Some castes are classified as intermediate class between Brahmins and Kshatriyas while some other castes are classified as intermediate class between Brahmins and Kshatriyas (Nairs). So they were called as antharala jathikal (intermediate castes).
Kazhakams
Kazhakams or Ambalakkazhakams refer to associations of ambalavasi peoples in a temple to perform specific duties in the temple.
Temple arts
Traditionally, Ambalavasis are associated with various types of temple arts. Earlier, each of these temple arts were performed only by specific Ambalavasi castes. Now there is no community or caste barrier.
Community welfare
Various service organizations are in operation for the welfare of various castes or groups in the Ambalavasi Community.
Sree Pushpakabrahmana Seva Sangham is working for the welfare of Pushpaka Brahmins comprising Pushpaka Unnis, Theeyattunnis, Nambeesans, Kurukkal, Puppalli, Pilappalli, Brahmani-daivampadi etc. Its headquarters is in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Sangham publishes a monthly magazine called 'Pushpakadhwani'.
Chakyar-Nambiar Samajam is working for the welfare of Chakyars and Nambiars. Its headquarters is at Kochi, Ernakuklam, Kerala. The Nambiar samajam publishes a magazine called 'Mizhavu'.
Pisharody Samajam with its headquarters at Ayyanthole, Thrissur, Kerala. Pisharody samajam brings out a magazine named 'Thulaseedalam'.
Warrier Samajam with its headquarters at Guruvayur, Thrissur, Kerala. Warrier samajam publishes a monthly magazine called 'Theertham' to convey its various activities to its members.
Akhila Kerala Marar Kshema Sabha is working for the welfare of Marars. Its headquarters is at Thrissur. Marar Kshema Sabha publishes a magazine called 'Sopanadhwani'.
Poduval Samajam with its headquarters at Vellinezhi, Palakkad, Kerala. Poduval samajam publishes a quarterly magazine called 'Nirmalyam'.
See also
Pushpaka Brahmin
Koodiyattam
References
Social groups of Kerala
Liturgical castes | {'title': 'Ambalavasi', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalavasi', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Daruvar (, , , , ) is a spa town and municipality in Slavonia, northeastern Croatia with a population of 8,567. The area including the surrounding villages (Dar. Vinogradi, Doljani, Donji Daruvar, Gornji Daruvar, Lipovac Majur, Ljudevit Selo, Markovac, and Vrbovac) has a population of 11,633 as of 2011. It is located on the foothills of Papuk mountain and along the Toplica River. The main political and cultural centre of the Czech national minority in Croatia, it has a winemaking tradition reportedly dating back more than 2,000 years.
Geography
Coordinates:
Area: 64 km2
Altitude: 190 m
Daruvar is located 125 km from Zagreb, the national capital, and 130 km from Osijek, the main city of Slavonia to the east. The closest cities are Pakrac, Lipik, Novska, Križevci, Bjelovar, and Virovitica.
Administration
Daruvar is located in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County. The list of settlements within the city limits is:
Daruvar, population 8,567
Daruvarski Vinogradi, population 164
Doljani, population 759
Donji Daruvar, population 731
Gornji Daruvar, population 436
Lipovac Majur, population 83
Ljudevit Selo, population 252
Markovac, population 80
Vrbovac, population 561
Etymology
Its name is a conjunction of the Hungarian words daru () and vár ().
History
Archaeological findings here, (stone axes), could be traced back to the Stone Age. The history of Daruvar could be traced to the 4th century BC, when the first organized habitation emerged near the warm geothermal spas in today's Daruvar valley. Celtic - Pannonian tribes living here and familiar with water treatments benefiting health, were Iassi, (meaning healers), so called by both Greek and Roman writers.
As allies of the Roman Empire, the tribes provided support to Emperor Augustus during the siege of Siscia, (today's Sisak), and in the year 35, Iassi were granted local autonomy known as Res Publica Iasorum. The center of it was Aquae Balissae, meaning very strong springs. In the year 124, during the reign of Hadrian, the area gained additional autonomy as Municipium Iassorum. Stretching between the rivers Sava and Drava, on the roads which ran between Siscia-Mursa, (Sisak- Osijek), Salona–Aquincum, and Sirmium–Poetovio, it was easy to access. As did Hadrian, emperors Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, Septimius Severus, and Constantine I all visited Aquae Balissae's thermal complex, its decorated temple, its forum, and its (though not as big as the one in Pula) amphitheatre. After the fall of Western Roman Empire and the destruction of local tribes by Avar Kaghanate in 6th century this area was resettled by Croats, a Slavic tribe that came to the Balkans in 7th century.
In the 11th century the region became part of a mightier entity, that of the rapidly growing and politically important city of Križevci. Within, it became part of the archdiocese of Zagreb mentioned by legislators for the first time in 1334. Since the city was on a busy crossroads, there were four trading points within the valley — Četvrtkovac, Dimičkovine, Podborje, and Toplice (toplice = "spas" in Croatian). And, as it was more than millennium ago, pleasant spas kept attracting people. The population in that period was exclusively Catholic.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, all that changed. Expansion of the Ottoman Empire disrupted the steady development, and Turks occupied lands here in 1543. The Monastery of St King Ladislaus was degraded, becoming a Turkish defensive post looking into the Krajina, military zone created to protect the Habsburg Empire just west of the city. Local people fled from Turks. Turks were expelled in 1699 and the now ethnically mixed area came under the rule of Vienna in 1745. Podborje, Sirač, and Pakrac were bought by count Antun Janković who in 1771 renamed Podborje as Daruvar, (daru = "crane" in Hungarian), after a building of his own called the Crane's castle. In 1837 Daruvar was declared a free city by decree of king Ferdinand I. Empty lands were repopulated by people skilled in crafts, trade, and agriculture from around Croatia and beyond. Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Italians (around so called Little Italy), and others were invited to come. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Daruvar was part of the Požega County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. Parts of Daruvar's suburbs were briefly captured by militants from the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Western Slavonia during the Croatian War of Independence.
Climate
Demographics
According to the census of 2011, the population of the Daruvar municipality (township) was 11,633. In ethnic terms, 61.28% are Croats, 21.36% Czechs, 12.28% Serbs, and 0.98% Hungarians. As for the religion, 75.49% are Catholics, 10.23% Orthodox, and 7.62% are agnostics and atheists.
The Czech population is of significant size having its own newspaper, schools, societies and clubs (Česká beseda or 'Czech word', Jednota or 'Unity' in Czech), and publishing company. The entire area (Veliki Zdenci, Grubišno Polje, Končanica), is actually bilingual with Czech being the second official language. There are numerous local ethnic festivities celebrating important points in different cultures — youth, harvest etc. with the most interesting and picturesque that of the Czech minority.
Spas
Water treatments benefiting health were well known to mentioned Iassi tribes here almost 2,500 years ago, later widely used by Romans and in the Middle Ages. In 1772 the owner of the area Antun Janković started building around the springs, envisioning correctly that the town might become a healing, leisure, and recreation center again as it was through the course of history. He erected numerous buildings, many of them still functional (Anton's spa, Ivan's spa). After 1897 the newly opened railroad brought new visitors. Restaurant Teresa, Swiss villa, Villa Arcadia, and Big Mud Spa with its prominent dome and today well known city mark were all built during the turn of 19 and 20th century.
Daruvarske Toplice is a special hospital complex for rehabilitation specializing in treatment of female fertility (primary and secondary sterility), with two clinics for esthetic surgery. Warm waters (33 to 47 °C) are also used in postoperative rehabilitation, treatment of inflammations, rheumatism, the trauma of bones, hips, head, spine, and locomotion. More spas are around Pakrac and Lipik, where there is also a mineral water bottling plant. The park within the complex is positioned containing 65 different kind of trees such as a 250-year-old Ginkgo tree from China, Variegatum from Arizona, and others. Hotel Termal, renovated and extended in 1996, is also here. A smaller hotel, Balisse, is a few minutes walking distance away in the traffic-friendly downtown.
Tourism
The area is rich in monuments. Historic Kistalovac, Pavlovina, Sirač, Bagenovać, Dobra Kuća, and Stupčanica are examples of numerous local castles belonging to the Croatian nobility of the times passed by. Franciscan monasteries like those of St. Margareth, St. Ana, St. Three Kings, and the Church of Holy Trinity are witnesses of the rich religious culture.
Economy
German people who came here in the 18th century as well as Czechs in the 19th were the keystone of the revival participating in agriculture, food processing plants, culture, and education. The development was accelerated at the turn of the century by being connected to the railroad track from Banova Jaruga to Barcs in Hungary. An important historic moment in 1897 was witnessed by the emperor Franz Joseph himself. Since 1840 a brewery is operating here producing today more than 250,000 hectoliters of beer based upon an old and famous Czech recipes, with Old Bohemian (Staročeško pivo) brand being the most known. Zdenka of Veliki Zdenci is well known for its milk and melted cheese processing plant.
Fish is cultivated in artificial lakes around Končanica and processed within Irida. Here are local high quality vines as Graševina (ranking the highest), Rhein Riesling, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon. Here fruit, maize, wheat, meat, and other agriculture products are produced for local, national, and wider markets. Dalit, created in 1905, is a metal processing plant, once one of the biggest in what was once Yugoslavia, employing today 320, but in the late 1970s almost 2,000 people. A flat glass factory is in Lipik. There are small graphics and printing (Daruvarska Tiskara d.d., Logos) facilities and the textile plant Vesna, which employs around 200. Growing is the importance of trade, tourism, and communication. 2300 people are employed, one-third of them women.
Education
The first school was opened in 1856. A school for women was opened here in 1866.
Notable people
Eva Fischer - oil artist
David Frankfurter - Croatian Jew known for assassinating Swiss branch leader of the German NSDAP Wilhelm Gustloff in 1936 in Davos, Switzerland
See also
List of Croatian municipalities with minority languages in official use
References
Bibliography
External links
Daruvar official site
Daruvar city portal
Daruvarski Portfolio
Spa towns in Croatia
Cities and towns in Croatia
Populated places in Bjelovar-Bilogora County
Požega County
Slavonia
Pannonia Superior | {'title': 'Daruvar', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daruvar', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Inequalities are very important in the study of information theory. There are a number of different contexts in which these inequalities appear.
Entropic inequalities
Consider a tuple of finitely (or at most countably) supported random variables on the same probability space. There are 2n subsets, for which (joint) entropies can be computed. For example, when n = 2, we may consider the entropies and . They satisfy the following inequalities (which together characterize the range of the marginal and joint entropies of two random variables):
In fact, these can all be expressed as special cases of a single inequality involving the conditional mutual information, namely
where , , and each denote the joint distribution of some arbitrary (possibly empty) subset of our collection of random variables. Inequalities that can be derived as linear combinations of this are known as Shannon-type inequalities.
For larger there are further restrictions on possible values of entropy.
To make this precise, a vector in indexed by subsets of is said to be entropic if there is a joint, discrete distribution of n random variables such that is their joint entropy, for each subset .
The set of entropic vectors is denoted , following the notation of Yeung.
It is not closed nor convex for , but its topological closure is known to be convex and hence it can be characterized by the (infinitely many) linear inequalities satisfied by all entropic vectors, called entropic inequalities.
The set of all vectors that satisfy Shannon-type inequalities (but not necessarily other entropic inequalities) contains .
This containment is strict for and further inequalities are known as non-Shannon type inequalities.
Zhang and Yeung reported the first non-Shannon-type inequality.
Matus proved that no finite set of inequalities can characterize (by linear combinations) all entropic inequalities. In other words, the region is not a polytope.
Lower bounds for the Kullback–Leibler divergence
A great many important inequalities in information theory are actually lower bounds for the Kullback–Leibler divergence. Even the Shannon-type inequalities can be considered part of this category, since the interaction information can be expressed as the Kullback–Leibler divergence of the joint distribution with respect to the product of the marginals, and thus these inequalities can be seen as a special case of Gibbs' inequality.
On the other hand, it seems to be much more difficult to derive useful upper bounds for the Kullback–Leibler divergence. This is because the Kullback–Leibler divergence DKL(P||Q) depends very sensitively on events that are very rare in the reference distribution Q. DKL(P||Q) increases without bound as an event of finite non-zero probability in the distribution P becomes exceedingly rare in the reference distribution Q, and in fact DKL(P||Q) is not even defined if an event of non-zero probability in P has zero probability in Q. (Hence the requirement that P be absolutely continuous with respect to Q.)
Gibbs' inequality
This fundamental inequality states that the Kullback–Leibler divergence is non-negative.
Kullback's inequality
Another inequality concerning the Kullback–Leibler divergence is known as Kullback's inequality. If P and Q are probability distributions on the real line with P absolutely continuous with respect to Q, and whose first moments exist, then
where is the large deviations rate function, i.e. the convex conjugate of the cumulant-generating function, of Q, and is the first moment of P.
The Cramér–Rao bound is a corollary of this result.
Pinsker's inequality
Pinsker's inequality relates Kullback–Leibler divergence and total variation distance. It states that if P, Q are two probability distributions, then
where
is the Kullback–Leibler divergence in nats and
is the total variation distance.
Other inequalities
Hirschman uncertainty
In 1957, Hirschman showed that for a (reasonably well-behaved) function such that and its Fourier transform the sum of the differential entropies of and is non-negative, i.e.
Hirschman conjectured, and it was later proved, that a sharper bound of which is attained in the case of a Gaussian distribution, could replace the right-hand side of this inequality. This is especially significant since it implies, and is stronger than, Weyl's formulation of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
Tao's inequality
Given discrete random variables , , and , such that takes values only in the interval [−1, 1] and is determined by (such that ), we have
relating the conditional expectation to the conditional mutual information. This is a simple consequence of Pinsker's inequality. (Note: the correction factor log 2 inside the radical arises because we are measuring the conditional mutual information in bits rather than nats.)
Machine based proof checker of information-theoretic inequalities
Several machine based proof checker algorithms are now available. Proof checker algorithms typically verify the inequalities as either true or false. More advanced proof checker algorithms can produce proof or counterexamples.ITIP is a Matlab based proof checker for all Shannon type Inequalities. Xitip is an open source, faster version of the same algorithm implemented in C with a graphical front end. Xitip also has a built in language parsing feature which support a broader range of random variable descriptions as input. AITIP and oXitip are cloud based implementations for validating the Shannon type inequalities. oXitip uses GLPK optimizer and has a C++ backend based on Xitip with a web based user interface. AITIP uses Gurobi solver for optimization and a mix of python and C++ in the backend implementation. It can also provide the canonical break down of the inequalities in terms of basic Information measures.
See also
Cramér–Rao bound
Entropy power inequality
Entropic vector
Fano's inequality
Jensen's inequality
Kraft inequality
Pinsker's inequality
References
External links
Thomas M. Cover, Joy A. Thomas. Elements of Information Theory, Chapter 16, "Inequalities in Information Theory" John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1991 Print Online pdf
Amir Dembo, Thomas M. Cover, Joy A. Thomas. Information Theoretic Inequalities. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 37, No. 6, November 1991. pdf
ITIP: http://user-www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/~ITIP/
XITIP: http://xitip.epfl.ch
N. R. Pai, Suhas Diggavi, T. Gläßle, E. Perron, R.Pulikkoonattu, R. W. Yeung, Y. Yan, oXitip: An Online Information Theoretic Inequalities Prover http://www.oxitip.com
Siu Wai Ho, Lin Ling, Chee Wei Tan and Raymond W. Yeung, AITIP (Information Theoretic Inequality Prover): https://aitip.org
Nivedita Rethnakar, Suhas Diggavi, Raymond. W. Yeung, InformationInequalities.jl: Exploring Information-Theoretic Inequalities, Julia Package, 2021
Entropy and information
Information theory | {'title': 'Inequalities in information theory', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequalities%20in%20information%20theory', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Black Weblog Awards was an online awards event which recognizes bloggers of African-American descent for their contributions in blogging, video blogging, and podcasting. The Black Weblog Awards started in 2005 with 11 categories, and grew to include 36 categories. Former Black Weblog Award winners include blogger and radio host B. Scott, comedian and YouTube personality Elon James White, comedian, television host, and New York Times best-selling author Baratunde Thurston, LGBT activist and media personality Keith Boykin, hip-hop artists D-Nice and Kanye West, musician and DJ Questlove, and model/media personality Tyra Banks. Other Black Weblog Award winners have also appeared in traditional media outlets, such as The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, and NPR.
The 2015 winners were presented at the final ceremony in 2016.
Nominations and voting
The Black Weblog Awards had a seven-week nomination period for blogs; users submit their blog for consideration through the Black Weblog Awards website via their online nomination form. After the nomination period has ended, there is a vote audit, and the top three to five nominated blogs in each category become the finalists for their respective categories. The public has a month to vote for the finalists, and the winners are announced the first week of September before Labor Day.
Judges
In 2007, judges were introduced to the Black Weblog Awards. In addition to the regular voting process from the public, a panel of judges with extensive knowledge about blogs and bloggers of color were chosen to select winners in each of the award categories. Each category has two winners—one winner is chosen by the public (known as the "Popular Vote"), and one winner is chosen by the judges (known as the "Judges' Vote"). These winners are announced the first week of September before Labor Day.
Award categories
Award categories for the Black Weblog Awards changed annually. Some categories were renamed, while others split to become separate categories.
Awards
Best Blog Design
Best Blog Network
Best Blog Post Series
Best Business Blog
Best Cooking or Food Blog
Best Culture Blog
Best Faith-Based Blog
Best Fashion or Beauty Blog
Best Film Blog
Best Gaming or Comics Blog
Best Gossip Blog
Best Group Blog
Best Health or Wellness Blog
Best Hip-Hop Blog
Best Humor Blog
Best International Blog
Best LGBT Blog
Best Microblog
Best Music Blog
Best New Blog
Best Parenting or Family Blog
Best Personal Blog
Best Photography Blog
Best Podcast Series
Best Political or News Blog
Best Science or Technology Blog
Best Sex or Relationships Blog
Best Sports Blog
Best Teen Blog
Best Travel Blog
Best Video Blog Series
Best Writing in a Blog
Blog of the Year
Blog to Watch
Special awards
Aaron Hawkins Award
Retired or deprecated awards
Best Blog Community
Best Blog Post or Blog Post Series
Best Celebrity Blog
Best Entertainment Blog
Best Niche Blog
Best Original Content
Best Pop Culture Blog
Best Topical Blog
Blogger of the Year
Live awards ceremony
On July 18, 2010, the Black Weblog Awards announced a Kickstarter fund-raising campaign for financial support in establishing a live awards ceremony for their 2011 awards installment. The campaign was not successful, and ended on September 1, 2010 reaching only 6% of their goal.
New ownership
In 2011, Black Web 2.0 reported that the Black Weblog Awards was acquired from Atlanta-based media company 3eighteen media by GEMPIRE Interactive headquartered in Austin, Texas.
See also
Blog award
References
External links
Black Weblog Awards
2010 Black Weblog Awards Winners
2009 Black Weblog Awards Winners
2008 Black Weblog Awards Winners
2007 Black Weblog Awards Winners
2006 Black Weblog Awards Winners
2005 Black Weblog Awards Winners
Blog awards
African-American blogs | {'title': 'Black Weblog Awards', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Weblog%20Awards', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Carl Wieland (born 1950) is an Australian young earth creationist, author and speaker. He was the Managing Director of Creation Ministries International (formerly Answers in Genesis - Australia), a Creationist apologetics ministry. CMI are the distributors of Creation magazine and the Journal of Creation.
Biography
Wieland is a medical doctor who graduated from Adelaide University in South Australia but he stopped practising medicine in 1986. This was due to an accident Wieland was in with "a fully laden fuel tanker at highway speeds." He endured five and a half months in hospital and has undergone more than fifty operations, as discussed in his book, Walking Through Shadows. He is a past president of the Christian Medical Fellowship of South Australia.
Wieland has said that during his time at university he was an atheist. In 1976 Wieland formed the Creation Science Association (CSA), a South Australian creationist organisation modelled after the Creation Research Society. In 1978 this organisation began publishing a magazine, Ex Nihilo (later called Creation Ex Nihilo), "to explain and promote special creation as a valid scientific explanation of origins." In 1980, CSA merged with a Queensland group to form the Creation Science Foundation, which subsequently became Answers in Genesis (AiG).
In 2005 AiG split as a result of long-standing disagreements between Carl Wieland, CEO of AiG-Australia and Ken Ham, CEO of AiG-US. Ham retained leadership of the AiG's United States and United Kingdom branches under the AiG name, while Wieland retained the Australian branch and affiliation with the Canadian, New Zealand and South African branches, under the name Creation Ministries International, and established CMI offices both the United States and the United Kingdom.
On 6 March 2015, Wieland retired from active creation ministry, and stepped down as CEO of CMI-Australia.
Publications
References
Sources
External links
Creation Ministries International biography
1950 births
Living people
Christian apologists
Christian writers
Christian Young Earth creationists
Leaders of Christian parachurch organizations
University of Adelaide alumni | {'title': 'Carl Wieland', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Wieland', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
LabelMe is a project created by the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) which provides a dataset of digital images with annotations. The dataset is dynamic, free to use, and open to public contribution. The most applicable use of LabelMe is in computer vision research. As of October 31, 2010, LabelMe has 187,240 images, 62,197 annotated images, and 658,992 labeled objects.
Motivation
The motivation behind creating LabelMe comes from the history of publicly available data for computer vision researchers. Most available data was tailored to a specific research group's problems and caused new researchers to have to collect additional data to solve their own problems. LabelMe was created to solve several common shortcomings of available data. The following is a list of qualities that distinguish LabelMe from previous work.
Designed for recognition of a class of objects instead of single instances of an object. For example, a traditional dataset may have contained images of dogs, each of the same size and orientation. In contrast, LabelMe contains images of dogs in multiple angles, sizes, and orientations.
Designed for recognizing objects embedded in arbitrary scenes instead of images that are cropped, normalized, and/or resized to display a single object.
Complex annotation: Instead of labeling an entire image (which also limits each image to containing a single object), LabelMe allows annotation of multiple objects within an image by specifying a polygon bounding box that contains the object.
Contains a large number of object classes and allows the creation of new classes easily.
Diverse images: LabelMe contains images from many different scenes.
Provides non-copyrighted images and allows public additions to the annotations. This creates a free environment.
Annotation Tool
The LabelMe annotation tool provides a means for users to contribute to the project. The tool can be accessed anonymously or by logging into a free account. To access the tool, users must have a compatible web browser with JavaScript support. When the tool is loaded, it chooses a random image from the LabelMe dataset and displays it on the screen. If the image already has object labels associated with it, they will be overlaid on top of the image in polygon format. Each distinct object label is displayed in a different color.
If the image is not completely labeled, the user can use the mouse to draw a polygon containing an object in the image. For example, in the adjacent image, if a person was standing in front of the building, the user could click on a point on the border of the person, and continue clicking along the outside edge until returning to the starting point. Once the polygon is closed, a bubble pops up on the screen which allows the user to enter a label for the object. The user can choose whatever label the user thinks best describes the object. If the user disagrees with the previous labeling of the image, the user can click on the outline polygon of an object and either delete the polygon completely or edit the text label to give it a new name.
As soon as changes are made to the image by the user, they are saved and openly available for anyone to download from the LabelMe dataset. In this way, the data is always changing due to contributions by the community of users who use the tool. Once the user is finished with an image, the Show me another image link can be clicked and another random image will be selected to display to the user.
Problems with the data
The LabelMe dataset has some problems. Some are inherent in the data, such as the objects in the images not being uniformly distributed with respect to size and image location. This is due to the images being primarily taken by humans who tend to focus the camera on interesting objects in a scene. However, cropping and rescaling the images randomly can simulate a uniform distribution. Other problems are caused by the amount of freedom given to the users of the annotation tool. Some problems that arise are:
The user can choose which objects in the scene to outline. Should an occluded person be labeled? Should an occluded part of an object be included when outlining the object? Should the sky be labeled?
The user has to describe the shape of the object themselves by outlining a polygon. Should the fingers of a hand on a person be outlined with detail? How much precision must be used when outlining objects?
The user chooses what text to enter as the label for the object. Should the label be person, man, or pedestrian?
The creators of LabelMe decided to leave these decisions up to the annotator. The reason for this is that they believe people will tend to annotate the images according to what they think is the natural labeling of the images. This also provides some variability in the data, which can help researchers tune their algorithms to account for this variability.
Extending the data
Using WordNet
Since the text labels for objects provided in LabelMe come from user input, there is a lot of variation in the labels used (as described above). Because of this, analysis of objects can be difficult. For example, a picture of a dog might be labeled as dog, canine, hound, pooch, or animal. Ideally, when using the data, the object class dog at the abstract level should incorporate all of these text labels.
WordNet is a database of words organized into a structural way. It allows assigning a word to a category, or in WordNet language: a sense. Sense assignment is not easy to do automatically. When the authors of LabelMe tried automatic sense assignment, they found that it was prone to a high rate of error, so instead they assigned words to senses manually. At first, this may seem like a daunting task since new labels are added to the LabelMe project continuously. To the right is a graph comparing the growth of polygons to the growth of words (descriptions). As you can see, the growth of words is small compared with the continuous growth of polygons, and therefore is easy enough to keep up to date manually by the LabelMe team.
Once WordNet assignment is done, searches in the LabelMe database are much more effective. For example, a search for animal might bring up pictures of dogs, cats and snakes. However, since the assignment was done manually, a picture of a computer mouse labeled as mouse would not show up in a search for animals. Also, if objects are labeled with more complex terms like dog walking, WordNet still allows the search of dog to return these objects as results. WordNet makes the LabelMe database much more useful.
Object-part hierarchy
Having a large dataset of objects where overlap is allowed provides enough data to try and categorize objects as being a part of another object. For example, most of the labels assigned wheel are probably part of objects assigned to other labels like car or bicycle. These are called part labels. To determine if label P is a part label for label O:
Let denote the set of images containing an object (e.g. car)
Let denote the set of images containing a part (e.g. wheel)
Let the overlap score between object O and part P, , be defined as the ratio of the intersection area to the area of the part polygon. (e.g. )
Let denote the images where object and part polygons have where is some threshold value. The authors of LabelMe use
The object-part score for a candidate label is where and are the number of images in and , respectively, and is a concentration parameter. The authors of LabelMe use .
This algorithm allows the automatic classification of parts of an object when the part objects are frequently contained within the outer object.
Object depth ordering
Another instance of object overlap is when one object is actually on top of the other. For example, an image might contain a person standing in front of a building. The person is not a part label as above since the person is not part of the building. Instead, they are two separate objects that happen to overlap. To automatically determine which object is the foreground and which is the background, the authors of LabelMe propose several options:
If an object is completely contained within another object, then the inner object must be in the foreground. Otherwise, it would not be visible in the image. The only exception is with transparent or translucent objects, but these occur rarely.
One of the objects could be labeled as something that cannot be in the foreground. Examples are sky, ground, or road.
The object with more polygon points inside the intersecting area is most likely the foreground. The authors tested this hypothesis and found it to be highly accurate.
Histogram intersection can be used. To do this, a color histogram in the intersecting areas is compared to the color histogram of the two objects. The object with the closer color histogram is assigned as the foreground. This method is less accurate than counting the polygon points.
Matlab Toolbox
The LabelMe project provides a set of tools for using the LabelMe dataset from Matlab. Since research is often done in Matlab, this allows the integration of the dataset with existing tools in computer vision. The entire dataset can be downloaded and used offline, or the toolbox allows dynamic downloading of content on demand.
See also
List of datasets for machine learning research
MNIST database
Caltech 101
List of Manual Image Annotation Tools
VoTT
References
Bibliography
External links
http://labelme.csail.mit.edu/ - LabelMe - The open annotation tool
Datasets in computer vision
Object recognition and categorization | {'title': 'LabelMe', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LabelMe', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Under Your Hat is a 1940 British musical comedy spy film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Jack Hulbert, Cicely Courtneidge and Austin Trevor.
Production
The film was an independent production made at Isleworth Studios. It was based on a popular stage musical starring Hulbert and Courtneidge, a husband-and-wife team who had made a series of successful comedy films during the 1930s. The sets were designed by art director James A. Carter. Musical numbers included "Can't Find That Tiger" sung by The Rhythm Brothers.
Synopsis
The film is set in pre-Second World War England where a leading film star Jack Millett and his wife Kay attempt to recover a secret carburettor stolen by enemy agents. Suspicious that Jack may be embarking on an affair with his glamorous co-star Carole Markoff, Kay follows him to the South of France, where in fact he is due to receive the carburettor from a contact at a night club, as he has actually been recruited as an undercover man for the government. (There is a literary pun when the secret agent bringing the parcel, assuming Kay knows all about the identification code and is due to meet him, says dramatically "You are She", and Kay replies "Really? I didn't know I looked so Haggard.") Eventually, the parcel is retrieved, Markoff is revealed as a spy, and Jack and Kay fly back to London with the carburettor.
Cast
Jack Hulbert as Jack Millett
Cicely Courtneidge as Kay Millett
Austin Trevor as Boris Vladimir
Leonora Corbett as Carole Markoff
Cecil Parker as Sir Jeffrey Arlington
Anthony Hayes as George
Charles Oliver as Carl
H. F. Maltby as Colonel Sheepshanks
Mary Barton as Mrs. Sheepshanks
Glynis Johns as Winnie
Myrette Morven as Miss Stevens
Roddy Hughes as Film Director
John Robinson and The Rhythm Brothers as Themselves
Don Marino Baretto as Band Leader
Paul Sheridan as Minor role
Eunice Crowther as Minor role
Charles Eaton as Minor role
Paul Henreid as Minor role
Terry-Thomas as Party Guest
Critical reception
TV Guide found the film "redolent of the Thin Man series, with the added fillip of the musical-stage talent, but lacking the charisma of the stars of that series"; while Sky Movies wrote, "although Jack Hulbert and Cicely Courtneidge had passed their mid-Thirties' peaks as box-office attractions when they made this film version of one of their hit stage shows, it does mark something of a return to form for both of them, with a lively if improbable plot involving spies, and the two stars cheerfully indulging their penchant for disguise. Glynis Johns has a small supporting role, and sharp eyes may catch a glimpse of the young Terry-Thomas."
References
Bibliography
Murphy, Robert. Realism and Tinsel: Cinema and Society in Britain, 1939-1949. Routledge, 1992.
External links
1940 films
1940s English-language films
Films directed by Maurice Elvey
1940s musical comedy films
1940s spy comedy films
British musical comedy films
British spy comedy films
Films set in London
Films set in France
Films shot at Isleworth Studios
Films about filmmaking
British black-and-white films
1940 comedy films
1940s British films | {'title': 'Under Your Hat', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under%20Your%20Hat', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Sellapperumage Saman Piyasiri Fernando (23 March 1958 – 29 December 1989: : nom de guerre: Keerthi Vijayabahu), was the military wing leader of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna during the 1987-89 insurrection in Sri Lanka, the JVP's military wing also known as Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya (DJV). His position in the JVP as the military commander was organizationally higher than the position of Rohana Wijeweera, the founder of the JVP.
Saman Piyasiri a graduate of the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka later joined the JVP and promoted to the higher ranks of the party, appointed as the military wing leader and finally led the party after the death of the founding leader Rohana Wijeweera. He was also known as Kabraal, Mendis, Bappa, Mudiyanse, Mahinda, Dhammika and Janaka.
Family background and early life
He was born on 23 March 1958 in Lunawa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka as the third child in a Karava ethnic family with four siblings. His father Ebert Fernando was an inspector at the Ports Commission. His mother, T. Josie Engalsina Peiris was a teacher. Piyasiri's elder sister, a resident of Ganemulla, once worked as a nurse in a government hospital and was married in 1981 and later became a mother of two. His younger sister Ranjani later became a full time member of the JVP. The elder brother was a sick child and died in 1970 at the Angoda Hospital. Due to the financial difficulties of the family, his body was even buried at the hospital cemetery at the expense of the government.
Although Piyasiri's father was a supporter of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) and helped everyone, the childhood of his children was very sad due to his excessive alcoholism. Meanwhile, they had to leave the Egoda Uyana in Moratuwa and move to Ganemulla, which belonged to a relative of his mother, due to disputes with neighbors and relatives. Piyasiri, who until then had been educated up to grade 5 at Egoda Uyana Junior School, entered grade 6 at Kuda Bollatha Primary School. He entered Hemamali College, Galahitiyawa in Grade 8 and later entered Galahitiyawa Central College. He passed the GCE Ordinary Level Examination with 6 marks. He entered the University of Kelaniya in 1978 after completing his Advanced Level in Commerce in 1977 with 1 Excellence, 1 Award and 2 Excellence. Piyasiri was 5 feet 2 inches tall and slightly fat. There was a black spot on the left hand and a similar spot on the back of the right ear.
Piyasiri's parents and family members, who were staying in the Moonagama area in Horana when Piyasiri became the military leader, later went to Poruwadanda. Later he went to Panadura and Nugegoda Ekawatte to several places including Udahamulla. They resided in his Nawala home since December 25, 1989. Saman's sister Ranjani was among those who had been with Wijeweera's wife and children for a short time to help with the house when Wijeweera was staying at the Haldummulla rice field in Haldummulla 1987 and the houses in Neluwa Lewgodawatte, Bandarawela since July 1987.
On the day of Piyasiri's arrest, he was ready for the marriage with his girlfriend Indrani, the sister of Daya Wanniarachchi, the son of former JVP secretary Weeraketiya Heenbunne. Later, Piyasiri's mother, his younger sister Ranjani, girlfriend Indrani and her younger brother Saman Bandula (who was 18 years old) were arrested by the security forces. Saman's mother was released a few months later. Saman's sister and girlfriend were interrogated at various locations, including the 6th floor of the CID headquarters, and were eventually released after two years of rehabilitation at the Ranmutugala home. But Saman Bandula Wanniarachchi was killed two days after his arrest.
Political career
Piyasiri joined the JVP through Ragama Some after listening to a speech by Upatissa Gamanayake at a JVP rally in Veyangoda in 1978. He participated in the education camp held at Pallewela Muddaragama in the Mirigama electorate which was conducted by Wickramarala Jayatilleke. In the meantime, the JVP Socialist Students' Union was formed in Kelaniya University as a force against the UNP's Socialist Students' Union in the late 1970s under the leadership of Sudarshana Ponnaweera, Saman Piyasiri Fernando, Sirimevan and others. Piyasiri is the second best student in the history of the university with the highest number of marks. After graduating as a Commerce graduate, Piyasiri opted for full-time JVP politics instead of a job. He later became a JVP organizer for the Kolonnawa and Ratnapura electorates.
After the JVP was banned in July 1983, he became a member of the Central Committee in mid-February 1984. His commitment to rebuilding the JVP was appreciated and in October 1985 he was appointed to the JVP Politburo. The first formal discussion on the formation of the Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya (Patriotic People's Movement), the armed wing of the JVP, was held for two days on March 4 and 5, 1986 at the Ratnapura canal and Piyasiri was appointed as the leader of the military wing at the Politburo meeting held there. As Wijeweera was ill, it was chaired by Piyadasa Ranasinghe and the meeting was held at the house of Podi Mahaththaya, a businessman in Kudugalwatta, Ratnapura. On March 12, 1988, while at a house on Embillawatta Road in Boralesgamuwa, Piyasiri managed to escape by hiding in a pile of jackfruit leaves in front of his house.
Piyasiri led the JVP in five major attacks on army camps and police stations, and had planned 12 more. The military intelligence of Sri Lanka believes that Piyasiri was masterminded the guerilla attacks on military bases and installations during the insurrection. The strategy was for the security forces to retreat without fighting in powerful situations and to launch vigilante attacks when they were weak. But by the middle of the Second insurrection, everything had turned upside down, with the majority leading to killings and sabotage.
Katunayake Air-force base and Kotelawala Defence Academy (May 1987).
Katunayake Air-force base (April 1988).
Magazine prison break (December 1988).
Pannala Army detachment (1989).
Panagoda Army base (1989).
Police Field Force headquarters, Colombo (1989).
Number of Police stations.
After Wijeweera's assassination, Piyasiri became the leader of the JVP on November 28, 1989, at a meeting of the Political Bureau held at Panukerapitiya, Ratnapura. Later the government issued a statement on November 28, 1989, stating that they wanted to arrest Somawansa Amarasinghe, Shantha Bandara, Saman Piyasiri Fernando, Gamini Gunasekara and Upali Jayaweera and that valuable rewards would be given to those who provided information about them. Piyasiri was first revealed to be the leader of the JVP through the Sinhala service of the Veritas Catholic Radio broadcast from the Philippines on 1 December 1989.
Then the rebels launched several attacks across the country. Insurgents led by Piyasiri, bombed a meeting of the Janatha Estate Development Board in Slave Island in November 1989, during which Bank of Ceylon Deputy General Manager E. T. Fernando died. During the bombing, they target Minister of State Samaraweera Weerawanni, who was to chair the meeting. On November 26, 1989, insurgents made another bomb attack to assassinate Minister of Sports Nanda Mathew and Minister of State for Justice Tyrone Fernando during a meeting of the Youth Services Council at Prince of Wales College, Moratuwa. At least 25 people, including two ministers, were injured in a bomb attack. Under the leadership of Piyasiri, several such attacks were carried out in the capital and suburbs. But they almost completely failed, and the rebels who participated were killed in retaliation. Then on November 26, 1989, they destroyed Ukuwela Power Plant in Matale. Several train stations, including Ohio, were set on fire. Insurgents stormed a Korean Kiannam road project in Gokarella, looted Rs. 80,000 and set fire to vehicles, killing one Korean engineer. Five JVP rebels stormed the police post at Alawwa Town Hall on November 25, 1989, and attempted to seize weapons, while four rebels were killed in a similar attack on the Dickwella Police on the same day. All attempts at hijacking also failed.
On December 27, 1989, a special police team, led by SSP Lionel Gunathilake, arrested Saman Piyasiri, along with his mother and fiancé, who is a sister of JVP politburo member Daya Wanniarachchi, at Koswatte, Nawala, at a rented house owned by Mark Antony Fernando, who works at SLBC. According to the police sources, the number of military books found inside the house and some of them are not found in Sri Lankan military libraries. Piyasiri was arrested on December 27, 1989, while staying at a house in Koswatta, Nawala by the special police team. In late years, he was suffered by Keloid. He was taken to the Police Crime Investigation Headquarters (CDB) on Gregory's Road, Borella and questioned under the supervision of Superintendents of Police: Lionel Goonetileke, Gamini Perera, Ariyasinghe and Jayasinghe. He was later taken to the Combined Operations Center (OPs Combine) and questioned at length, tortured, but he did not answer. Finally, he was assassinated on December 29, 1989, in Mattegoda and his body was dumped on a pile of coconut branches.
Along with Piyasiri, two other JVP military wing members were assassinated: Samarapulige Somasiri alias Ragama Someda, a member of the Central Committee of the JVP who was arrested by the security forces at Delkanda, Nugegoda on December 28, 1989, and Justus Dilip Chandra Fernando alias Pathi alias Zoysa, a resident of Welisara who was the Armed Secretary of the Colombo and Gampaha Districts. The Sri Lankan government media released on December 29, 1989, as "the leader of the JVP military wing killed along with four other cadres due to the cross fire between security forces and the JVP at their military wing headquarters, a farm located at Hedigama-Suwarapola, Piliyandala". As the second leader of the JVP on November 28, 1989, Piyasiri was the leader of the JVP for 32 days until he was assassinated on December 29, 1989.
Rohan Gunaratna also stated that before Piyasiri's death, he managed to deliver a speech to the interrogation personnel around him about the society of Sri Lanka based on capitalism and socialism. Rohan further stated, "but Saman Piyasiri has not given any single information which could harm the party during the interrogation". The killings of rebels, their families, relatives and friends also intensified with these attacks. Due to Piyasiri's inability to stay on target, the entire JVP machinery was destroyed by the security forces within seven weeks. Within seven weeks of Wijeweera's assassination, 12 of the 13 members of the First Politburo were assassinated and only Somawansa Amarasinghe was left. Meanwhile, nine of the 11 members of the Second Politburo headed by Piyasiri were also killed. Only Somawansa and Gamini Gunasekera were left.
In popular media
The biographical film of Rohana Wijeweera's late life titled Ginnen Upan Seethala was released in 2018. The film was directed by Anurudha Jayasinghe and popular actor Susan Niroshan played Piyasiri's role.
Further reading
SRI LANKA - A LOST REVOLUTION? The Inside Story of the JVP by Rohan Gunaratna
Insurgency – 1971 : An Account of the April Insurrection in Sri Lanka by Justice A.C. Alles
Sri Lanka, the years of terror : The J.V.P. insurrection, 1987-1989 by C.A. Chandraprema
See also
Rohana Wijeweera
References
External links
Official Website of Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP)
1989 deaths
Sinhalese nationalists
Sri Lankan communists
Sri Lankan rebels
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians
Sri Lankan revolutionaries
Sinhalese politicians
1958 births | {'title': 'Saman Piyasiri Fernando', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saman%20Piyasiri%20Fernando', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
On December 28, 2001, the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan adopted the Constitutional Law on the Commissioner for Human Rights (Ombudsman) of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and on March 5, 2002, the President signed a Decree on the application of this Law and, thus, creation and functioning of the legal framework.
History
The Ombudsman of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Ombudsman) was elected by the National Assembly on July 2, 2002, with 111 votes (112 votes) out of three candidates nominated by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Elmira Suleymanova has been the Ombudsman since her election. Three months after the election of the Commissioner on October 28, 2002, the Office of the Ombudsman initiated the reception and consideration of the applicants' complaints.
After the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the system of institutional mechanisms has been restructured in order to implement democratic, legal reforms in this field and to ensure effective human rights.
As a result of recent legal reforms, many international principles of human rights and freedoms have been reflected in the national legislation of Azerbaijan. The establishment of this institution has created new opportunities for eliminating deficiencies in the protection of human rights and freedoms, complementing the system of law-enforcement structures, eliminating existing barriers.
Establishment of the Human Rights Commissioner for the first time considering the provision of human rights in the Republic of Azerbaijan as a public duty is envisaged in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On Measures to Ensure Human and Civil Rights and Freedoms" of 22 February 1998. It is also planned to establish the Commissioner for Human Rights in the "State Program on Human Rights Protection", which was approved by the Presidential Decree of June 18, 1998.
Three months after the election of the Commissioner, on October 28, 2002, the Office of the Ombudsman initiated the examination of the applicants' complaints and complaints.
Not later than 2 months after the end of each year, the Commissioner submits an annual report on the protection of human rights in the country to the President of the country and reports to the National Assembly of the country.
International cooperation
Cooperation with the UN
After World War II, national human rights institutions began to be established in many countries in order to effectively protect human rights at the national level.
On October 27, 2006, the Office of the Ombudsman of Azerbaijan was first accredited by the ICC Accreditation Subcommittee (SCA) "A" and registered as a national human rights institution in the UN system. In 2010, by analyzing the responses to the UN questionnaires addressed to the Office of the Ombudsman of the ILC, it was decided that the Constitutional Law on the Ombudsman, as well as the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Azerbaijan, fully comply with the Paris Principles and was re-accredited with “A” status.
Cooperation with the Council of Europe
After gaining independence, Azerbaijan became a full member of the Council of Europe (CoE) on January 25, 2001. Amending the Constitutional Law on the Ombudsman is an international obligation of Azerbaijan in order to effectively protect human rights and freedoms. The amendments made to the Constitutional Law on the Ombudsman are an international obligation of Azerbaijan in order to effectively protect human rights and freedoms.
The Commissioner for Human Rights and the staff of the Office of the Ombudsman of Azerbaijan will exchange views and practical experience by participating in the protection of human rights in various events organized by the CoE.
In addition, the Commissioner is a member of the European Network of National Preventive Mechanisms (NPM), established jointly by the Council of Europe Director General for Human Rights and Rule of Law and the Association for the Prevention of Torture (TLA). One member of the NPM team was appointed as the network coordinator.
International Ombudsman Institute (IOI)
In December 2010, the Office of the Ombudsman of Azerbaijan became a member of the International Institute of Ombudsmen, with whom he has collaborated since 2003. The Commissioner regularly participates in events organized by the IOI and provides information to a wide audience about public policy and human rights developments in the country. As well as in numerous events initiated by the Commissioner, many leading representatives of the IOI participated and exchanged experiences in the relevant field.
European Ombudsman Institute
The Commissioner has established close cooperation with the European Ombudsman Institute (EOI), which has been a member since 2003. The Office of the Ombudsman of Azerbaijan participates in the events of this organization and holds an exchange of practical experience in the field of human rights. Many of the EOI representatives were invited to participate in international conferences held by the Commissioner in Azerbaijan.
See also
Commissioner for Human Rights
References
Human rights
Human rights in Azerbaijan | {'title': 'Commissioner for Human Rights of the Republic of Azerbaijan', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissioner%20for%20Human%20Rights%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20Azerbaijan', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Nizam Lohar (;
1835 — 1877) was a dacoit who rebelled against the Colonial Government that led to bloodshed which sent shock waves throughout Britain. In Punjab, he and others defied repressive laws of the government, looted government officers and rich people and fought against the oppression of the authorities. They saw themselves as the nationalist freedom fighters struggling for the cause of freedom but the government had labelled them as dacoits.
Early life
Nizam Lohar was born on 1835 at Tarn Taran Sahib to a poor Punjabi Muslim family. He was born during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the Sikh Empire. In 1849, when he was 13 or 14, the Sikh Empire was annexed by the Company's government. By profession, he was a blacksmith who used to make weapons for the government and lived with his mother and a sister. From an early age, he opposed British governance in India. His family and friends were not very happy about this and advised him to stay away from such kind of ideology.
Rebellion
British imperial expansion in the 1860s caused hatred and opposition among many natives, including Nizam. During this period, momentum of freedom fighters and their plans of waging a unified struggle against the foreign and pro-foreign rule elements were gaining considerable grounds. It is believed that once in 1868, Nizam got into an argument with a British official who insulted India and as a result, the quarrel heated up and Nizam ended up killing him after which he joined Jeet Singh and Malkeet Singh, both prominent proponents of the Babbar Akali movement. He supported the movement by producing and providing required weapons and also started attacking government personnel and pro-government rich people and distributing their money and valuables to the local poor people, just like the Robin Hood, who was a heroic outlaw in the English folklore. As a result, his strict surveillance was started by the British police on the denouncement of his activities of meeting and supporting rebels of 'Tehreek-e-Jang-e-Azadi' or the Independence Movement, which led him to stay outside of his home most of the times and sometimes evaded the authorities through the use of the Changa Manga (based on the names of the two dacoits, Changa and Manga, who escaped British prison and disappeared in the forest, looting travellers) jungle as a safe haven.
One day in 1872, in his absence, several weapons were taken into possession from cellar in his home by the police. It is also suggested that the Police Captain Coll had raped his sister, which led her mother to death and Nizam to murder Captain Coll next night at the police station along with the murder of SP Ronald and other officers after few days. Soon he became a local hero and received support from the community. Later he freed Jabru (who belonged to Kasur) and Sooja Singh from British captivity who became his friends. Next year, they started a movement together called 'Punjab Se Jao (Go From Punjab)', which attracted many outlaws and rebels, and planned for a bloody revolution against the 'servants' of the British targeting large sum of officers in fairs and gatherings across Punjab.
In 1877, when Nizam went to see Sooja's ill mother, he learnt of Sooja's affair with a Machan which was affecting Sooja's attention towards his mother and the movement. Nizam confronted him with anger and had a row over his passions affecting the movement and his own personal life. Machan started provoking Sooja against Nizam which lead Sooja to denounce Nizam's whereabouts and intentions at a police station.
Death
Acting upon Sooja's piece of information, the police surrounded Nizam's place and there was a crossfire between police and Nizam for an hour and later he died. Furious with anger over the betrayal of his son, Sooja's mother murdered him in front of Jabru and told him to remain a witness of this murder and the motive behind. Due to a huge number of people willing to attend, it is believed that British authorities set a fee of 2 rupees per attendee on Nizam's funeral and gathered a revenue of 35000 rupees at that time, as 17500 people attended the funeral.
In popular culture
The story of Nizam Lohar has appeared many times, in many different variations, in popular modern works. The following are some of the notable depictions in film and television:
Films
Nizam Lohar: starring Neelo, Yasmeen & Allaudin; directed by Jamil Akhter (1966)
Nizam Daku: starring Yousaf Khan, Sultan Rahi & Salma Mumtaz; directed by Waheed Dar (1979)
Nizam: starring Naghma, Sudhir & Sultan Rahi; directed by Sudhir
Television
Nizam Lohar: starring Firdous Jamal; directed by Rashid Dar; written by Amjad Islam Amjad
See also
Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal
Mai Bakhtawar
Hemu Kalani
Kadu Makrani
Ajab Khan Afridi
Bhagat Singh
References
1835 births
Year of death missing
People from Tarn Taran district
Indian rebels
Date of death missing
Resistance to the British Empire | {'title': 'Nizam Lohar', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizam%20Lohar', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Mohammad Ismail Khan (Dari/Pashto: محمد اسماعیل خان) (born 1946) is an Afghan former politician who served as Minister of Energy and Water from 2005 to 2013 and before that served as the governor of Herat Province. Originally a captain in the national army, he is widely known as a former warlord as he controlled a large mujahideen force, mainly his fellow Tajiks from western Afghanistan, during the Soviet–Afghan War.
His reputation gained him the nickname Lion of Herat. Ismail Khan was a key member of the now exiled political party Jamiat-e Islami and of the now defunct United National Front party. In 2021, Ismail Khan returned to arms to help defend Herat from the Taliban's offensive, which he and the Afghan Army lost. He was then captured by the Taliban forces and then reportedly fled to Iran on 16 August 2021.
Early years and rise to power
Khan was born in or about 1946 in the Shindand District of Herat Province in Afghanistan. His family is from the Chahar-Mahal neighbourhood of Shindand.
In early 1979 Ismail Khan was a Captain in the Afghan National Army based in the western city of Herat. In early March of that year, there was a protest in front of the Communist governor's palace against the arrests and assassinations being carried out in the countryside by the Khalq government. The governor's troops opened fire on the demonstrators, who proceeded to storm the palace and hunt down Soviet advisers. The Herat garrison mutinied and joined the revolt in what is called the Herat uprising, with Ismail Khan and other officers distributing all available weapons to the insurgents. The government led by Nur Mohammed Taraki responded, pulverizing the city using Soviet supplied bombers and killing up to 24,000 citizens in less than a week. This event marked the opening salvo of the rebellion which led to the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan in December 1979. Ismail Khan escaped to the countryside where he began to assemble a local rebel force.
During the ensuing war, he became the leader of the western command of Burhanuddin Rabbani's Jamiat-e-Islami, political party. With Ahmad Shah Massoud, he was one of the most respected mujahideen leaders. In 1992, three years after the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, the mujahideen captured Herat and Ismail Khan became governor.
In 1995, he successfully defended his province against the Taliban, in cooperation with defense minister Ahmad Shah Massoud. Khan even tried to attack the Taliban stronghold of Kandahar, but was repulsed. Later in September, an ally of the Jamiat, Uzbek General Abdul Rashid Dostum changed sides, and attacked Herat. Ismail Khan was forced to flee to neighboring Iran with 8,000 men and the Taliban took over Herat Province.
Two years later, while organizing opposition to the Taliban in Faryab area, he was betrayed and captured by Abdul Majid Rouzi who had defected to the Taliban along with Abdul Malik Pahlawan, then one of Dostum's deputies. Then in March 1999 he escaped from Kandahar prison. During the U.S. intervention in Afghanistan, he fought against the Taliban within the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance) and thus regained his position as Governor of Herat after they were victorious in December 2001.
Karzai administration and return to Afghanistan
After returning to Herat, Ismail Khan quickly consolidated his control over the region. He took over control of the city from the local ulema and quickly established control over the trade route between Herat and Iran, a large source of revenue. As Emir of Herat, Ismail Khan exercised great autonomy, providing social welfare for Heratis, expanding his power into neighbouring provinces, and maintaining direct international contacts. Although hated by the educated in Herat and often accused of human rights abuses, Ismail Khan's regime provided security, paid government employees, and made investments in public services. However, during his tenure as governor, Ismail Khan was accused of ruling his province like a private fiefdom, leading to increasing tensions with the Afghan Transitional Administration. In particular, he refused to pass on to the government the revenues gained from custom taxes on goods from Iran and Turkmenistan.
On 13 August 2003, President Karzai removed Governor Ismail Khan from his command of the 4th Corps. This was announced as part of a programme removing the ability of officials to hold both civilian and military posts.
Ismail Khan was ultimately removed from power in March 2004 due to pressure by neighbouring warlords and the central Afghan government. Various sources have presented different versions of the story, and the exact dynamics cannot be known with certainty. What is known is that Ismail Khan found himself at odds with a few regional commanders who, although theoretically his subordinates, attempted to remove him from power. Ismail Khan claims that these efforts began with a botched assassination attempt. Afterwards, these commanders moved their forces near Herat. Ismail Khan, unpopular with the Herati military class, was slow to mobilise his forces, perhaps waiting for the threat to Herat to become existential as a means to motivate his forces. However, the conflict was stopped with the intervention of International Security Assistance Force forces and soldiers of the Afghan National Army, freezing the conflict in its tracks. Ismail Khan's forces even fought skirmishes with the Afghan National Army, in which his son, Mirwais Sadiq was killed. Because Ismail Khan was contained by the Afghan National Army, the warlords who opposed him were quickly able to occupy strategic locations unopposed. Ismail Khan was forced to give up his governorship and to go to Kabul, where he served in Hamid Karzai's cabinet as the Minister of Energy.
In 2005 Ismail Khan became the Minister of Water and Energy.
In late 2012, the Government of Afghanistan accused Ismail Khan of illegally distributing weapons to his supporters. About 40 members of the country's Parliament requested Ismail Khan to answer their queries. The government believes that Khan is attempting to create some kind of disruption in the country.
Assassination attempt
On September 27, 2009, Ismail Khan survived a suicide blast that killed 4 of his bodyguards in Herat, in western Afghanistan. He was driving to Herat Airport when a powerful explosion occurred on the way there. Taliban spokesman, Zabiullah Mujahid, claimed responsibility and said the target was Khan.
Testimony requested by a Guantanamo captive
Guantanamo captive Abdul Razzaq Hekmati requested Ismail Khan's testimony, when he was called before a Combatant Status Review Tribunal.
Ismail Khan, like Afghan Minister of Defense Rahim Wardak, was one of the high-profile Afghans that those conducting the Tribunals ruled were "not reasonably available" to give a statement on a captive's behalf because they could not be located.
Hekmati had played a key role in helping Ismail Khan escape from the Taliban in 1999.
Hekmati stood accused of helping Taliban leaders escape from the custody of Hamid Karzai's government.
Carlotta Gall and Andy Worthington interviewed Ismail Khan for a new The New York Times article after Hekmati died of cancer in Guantanamo.
According to the New York Times
Ismail Khan said he personally buttonholed the American ambassador to tell him that Hekmati was innocent, and should be released. In contrast, Hekmati was told that the State Department had been unable to locate Khan.
2021 Taliban offensive and capture
In July 2021, Ismail Khan mobilized hundreds of his loyalists in Herat in support of the Afghan Armed Forces to defend the city from an offensive by the Taliban. Despite this, the city fell on 12 August 2021. After trying to escape by helicopter, Khan was captured by the Taliban. The Taliban interviewed him shortly after and claimed that he and his forces have joined them. After negotiating with the Taliban, he was allowed to return to his residence.
After leaving Taliban custody, as of August 2021 Khan is living in Mashhad, Iran. He said that a conspiracy was responsible for Herat being captured by the Taliban.
Controversy
Ismail Khan is a controversial figure. Reporters Without Borders has charged him with muzzling the press and ordering attacks on journalists. Also Human Rights Watch has accused him of human rights abuses.
Nevertheless, he remains a popular figure for some in Afghanistan. Unlike other mujahideen commanders, Khan has not been linked to large-scale massacres and atrocities such as those committed after the capture of Kabul in 1992. Following news of his dismissal, rioting broke out in the streets of Herat, and President Karzai had to ask him to make a personal appeal for calm.
Notes and references
External links
Official site of Amir Mohammad Ismail
BBC Profile: Ismail Khan
GlobalSecurity.org - General Mohammad Ismail Khan
1946 births
Living people
Mujahideen members of the Soviet–Afghan War
Afghan Tajik people
Energy ministers of Afghanistan
Water ministers of Afghanistan
Jamiat-e Islami politicians
Survivors of terrorist attacks
United National Front (Afghanistan) politicians
Date of birth missing (living people)
Governors of Herat Province
Afghan warlords
20th-century Afghan military personnel
Afghan military officers | {'title': 'Ismail Khan', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail%20Khan', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Brendan Patrick Rice (born March 11, 1997), better known by his stage name Gus Dapperton, is an American singer and songwriter from Warwick, New York.
History
Dapperton has received particular attention for his fashion style, consisting at some points of a green bowl cut, noticeable jewelry, eyeliner, brightly colored clothing, and thick-rimmed glasses.
Dapperton's song "Of Lacking Spectacle" was featured on the Netflix series 13 Reasons Why and appears on the soundtrack album.
Career
2016–17: "Moodna, Once With Grace" and Yellow and Such
Gus Dapperton released his debut single, "Moodna, Once With Grace", in 2016. In 2017, Dapperton released his debut EP, Yellow and Such.
2018: You Think You're A Comic!
In 2018, Dapperton released his second EP, You Think You're A Comic!.
2019: Where Polly People Go to Read
In 2019, Dapperton released his debut album, Where Polly People Go to Read. The album received positive reviews from critics.
2020–present: Orca
Dapperton's second studio album, Orca, was released on September 18, 2020. He released four singles, "First Aid", "Post Humorous", "Medicine", and "Bluebird", prior to the album's release. This album features only one artist other than Dapperton, Filipino Australian artist Chela on the track "My Say So", during the bridge and background vocals.
On April 7, 2021, Dapperton released a remix version of "Palms" as the album fifth single, featuring American rapper Channel Tres. The remix was included on the deluxe version of the album which was released on June 11, 2021. The deluxe version also includes three new songs: "Sober Up", "Flatline" and "Steady", in which the former was released as the sixth single of Orca era.
Personal life
Dapperton attended Drexel University, but took a semester off to go on tour in support of his 2018 EP You Think You're a Comic!.
Discography
Studio albums
Extended plays
Singles
As lead artist
As featured artist
Guest appearances
References
1997 births
Living people
American indie pop musicians
Songwriters from New York (state)
American synth-pop musicians
Synth-pop singers
Bedroom pop musicians | {'title': 'Gus Dapperton', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus%20Dapperton', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Experimental benchmarking allows researchers to learn about the accuracy of non-experimental research designs. Specifically, one can compare observational results to experimental findings to calibrate bias. Under ordinary conditions, carrying out an experiment gives the researchers an unbiased estimate of their parameter of interest. This estimate can then be compared to the findings of observational research. Note that benchmarking is an attempt to calibrate non-statistical uncertainty (flaws in underlying assumptions). When combined with meta-analysis this method can be used to understand the scope of bias associated with a specific area of research.
History
The start of experimental benchmarking in social science is often attributed to Robert LaLonde. In 1986 he found that findings of econometric procedures assessing the effect of an employment program on trainee earnings did not recover the experimental findings.
Experimental benchmarking is often conducted in medical research, such as Schnell‐Inderst et al. (2017) and Burden et al. (2017).
Procedural Considerations
The most instructive experimental benchmarking designs are done on a large scale. They also compare experimental and non-experimental work that looks at the same outcome and the same population.
Observational Designs That Can Be Assessed with Benchmarking
Non-experimental, or observational, research designs compare treated to untreated subjects while controlling for background attributes (called covariates). This estimation approach can also be called covariate adjustment. Covariates are attributes that exist prior to experimentation and therefore do not change based on treatment. Examples include age, gender, weight, and hair color. For example, if researchers are interested in the effect of smoking cessation classes on the number of cigarettes smoked a day, they may carry out covariate adjustment to control for ethnicity, income and the number of years the smoker has been smoking.
Covariate adjustment can be carried out in a variety of ways. Gordon et al. (2018) illustrate many of these methods by means of online advertising data, such as propensity score matching, stratification, regression adjustment, and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment. They find that despite great variation in variables within their data, observational methods cannot recover the causal effects of online advertising. This study ultimately provides evidence that without a randomized control trial, it is impossible to detect symptoms of bias. Bias is not always going to be in one direction or of the same magnitude.
Selected Examples of Experimental Benchmarking
Bloom et al. (2002) looks at the study of the impact of mandatory welfare-to-work programs to ask which non-experimental methods get closest to recovering the experimentally estimated effects of such programs. They also question if the most accurate non-experimental methods are accurate enough to take the place of experimental work. They ultimately argue that none of the methods approach the accuracy of experimental methods for recovering the parameter of interest.
Dehijia and Wahba (1999) examine LaLonde's (1989) data with additional non-experimental findings. They argue that when there is enough subject pool overlap and unobservable covariates do not impact outcomes, non-experimental methods can indeed estimate treatment impact accurately.
Glazerman, Levy and Myers (2003) perform experimental benchmarking in the context of employment services, welfare and job training. They determine that non-experimental methods may approximate experimental estimates, however these estimations can be biased enough to impact policy analysis and implementation.
Gordon et al. (2018) utilizes data from Facebook to see if the variation in data collected by the advertising industry allows for observational methods to recover the causal effects of online advertising. Specifically, the study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Facebook ads on three outcomes: checkout, registration and page view. They find that despite great variation made possible by the nature of social media, it is not possible to accurately recover the causal effects.
References
Further reading
Medicine
Rubin, D. B. (1973). Matching to remove bias in observational studies. Biometrics, 159–183.
Stuart E. A. (2010). Matching methods for causal inference: A review and a look forward. Statistical science : a review journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 25(1), 1-21.
Social Sciences
Smith, Jeffrey, and Petra Todd. 2005. "Does Matching Overcome LaLonde's Critique of Nonexperimental Methods?" Journal of Econometrics 125(l-2):305-353
Design of experiments | {'title': 'Experimental benchmarking', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental%20benchmarking', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Marsing is a city in Owyhee County, Idaho. The population was 1,031 at the time of the 2010 census. It is part of the Boise metropolitan area.
Geography
Marsing is located at (43.545484, -116.807811), at an elevation of above sea level. The city is on the Snake River, which forms the border with Canyon County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Highways
State Highway 55 connects the city with Canyon County and continues to Nampa to the northeast. Two miles (3 km) west of Marsing, Highway 55 connects with U.S. Route 95, the primary north–south route for the state and its primary connection to western Nevada and northern California. State Highway 78 heads southeast to Murphy and Grand View within Owyhee County.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,031 people, 371 households, and 266 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 403 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 74.9% White, 1.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 20.6% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 33.8% of the population.
There were 371 households, of which 39.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.3% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78, and the average family size was 3.37.
The median age in the city was 35.4 years. 29.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.1% were from 45 to 64; and 13.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 890 people, 332 households, and 235 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 366 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 74.04% White, 0.45% African American, 1.12% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 22.36% from other races, and 1.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.97% of the population.
There were 332 households, out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $27,639, and the median income for a family was $32,667. Males had a median income of $23,036 versus $16,786 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,273. About 12.5% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.2% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Rodney A. Hawes Jr., business executive, philanthropist, and investor
Shea McClellin, former NFL player
References
External links
Marsing - Jump Creek Canyon from GoSleepGo
Cities in Idaho
Cities in Owyhee County, Idaho
Boise metropolitan area | {'title': 'Marsing, Idaho', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsing%2C%20Idaho', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Ion Andreevich Prodan (; born June 28, 1968), known as The Upyr of Domodedovo (), is a Moldovan serial killer who committed his murders in the Moscow Oblast.
Life before crimes
Ion Prodan was the eleventh and youngest child in a large and poor Moldovan family. His father was an alcoholic and frequently beat both his wife and children. In addition, Prodan was bullied by his elder siblings. After one such beating by his father, Prodan ran away from home. He was drawn to the railway for some reason, sometimes living in abandoned cars for weeks.
In school, Prodan was also being bullied, and has never finished his education. The bullying continued during his military service in the construction battalion of the Leningrad Military District. As Prodan, whose surname literally translates as "sold" into Russian, would later tell, his squad-mates' favourite joke was: "Ion, how much have you been Prodan for?" Being a quick-tempered man, he did not forgive these offenses.
After serving in the military, Prodan did not return to Moldova, but decided to go to work in Moscow. Having no specialty or propiska, he could count only on seasonal work. So Prodan became a guest worker.
Crimes
Prodan continued to haunt the railway. It was not far from where he would later commit most of his crimes, including his very first one.
On September 2, 1994, near the premises of the technical inspection of trains on the territory of the Moscow Kiyevskaya railway station, while drinking alcohol, Prodan killed and robbed his drinking companion, a carpenter named Vladimir Sladkov, by hitting his head with a short piece of a metal corner bead. In his later crimes, Prodan continued to use a corner bead as a weapon.
After the murder Prodan escaped to St. Petersburg. In 1995, Prodan committed a robbery with the help of a man named Ryabov. Having spent 9 months in a pre-trial detention center, he was sentenced to 4 years of probation.
Returning to Moscow, Prodan married a young woman from a rural locality in Kostroma Oblast. The family rented an apartment in house number 37 on the Leninsky Komsomol Avenue in the city of Vidnoye, Moscow Oblast. Prodan systematically beat and insulted his wife. He was especially angry with the fact they had a daughter instead of a son - to a point where he attempted to throw his wife off the sixth floor.
Prodan sent his family to Moldova. Unable to pay for housing, he began to spend his nights in the forest. At night, he went out hunting for women, whom he would beat on the head, rape and take their money and food.
When it got colder, Prodan again rented an apartment in Vidnoye. He returned to his wife and daughter, however, unable to withstand his abuse, they left for another city and never returned.
On September 4, 1998, on Bolotnikovskaya Street in Moscow, Prodan struck a fatal blow to the head of a random passer-by. He learned that he had killed the man via the media. Having committed another murder, he did not see a report about the crime. He then phoned the police and television via a pay phone. Calling the employees of both departments "slackers", he indicated the location of the corpse. The next day Prodan was pleased to watch the news report.
Experiencing problems having relationships with females, Prodan began to take revenge on women and men. Soon in the Domodedovsky and Leninsky districts of Moscow he began to perform a large series of rapes associated with robbery. In the city of Vidnoye he'd beat up men, undress them and let them run nude down the streets. Prodan allegedly had bisexual tendencies.
However, Prodan realized that, despite his remarkable strength, he could not cope with every man. So he decided to master the art of hypnosis. Having read a book called "Hypnosis: Methodology and practice", Prodan believed that he had mastered hypnosis and tried to apply it on a passer-by. However, under the meditative gaze of Prodan, not only did the man undress and give all his money, but severely beat the attacker instead. After that, Prodan would begin all the hypnotic "sessions", hitting the head of a victim with a corner bead. Sometimes he improvised, using objects found at the locations of his crimes, like bottles or stones.
Prodan studied carefully the psychology of policemen whom, unsurprisingly, he came across all the time. He easily contacted them, sometimes even offering them drinks. Once, when Prodan was returning from another robbery, he was detained by a patrol. Seeing that his jacket was stained with the blood of the victim, he bit his hand and smeared the jacket with his own blood. He was treated with first aid, and then released.
Prodan's luck turned around after he killed a woman named Shevelkova, whom he accidentally met on a road, and found a bundle of money in her bag. Pleased with the discovery, the killer decided to catch a passing car. Seeing a stopped police car, he, having reached the place, inadvertently opened the bag to pay. Seeing the money, the police officers themselves robbed him and threw him out of the car. Prodan stood for a long time on the road, spewing curses at them.
Prodan returned to the crime scene, where he saw policemen interrogating a man named Henrik Arakelyan who found a bag with documents. Prodan, without knowing, was being recorded on a police camera. The investigation wielded no results, while Prodan tracked where Arakelyan was living, and the next day he killed the man and his daughter.
Arrest, investigation and trial
Prodan was arrested for insulting police officers in early March 1999 and then imprisoned for 15 days. He behaved nervously in his cell, and later attempted suicide, pulling skin out of his stomach and striking a sharpened spoon into it. Prodan was taken to a hospital, which he escaped from, leaving a note: "Wait, I'll be back".
Prodan immediately went to his sister, who also lived in Vidnoye. There he was detained by police officers investigating the case of a serial rapist, robber and murderer. For nine days he remained silent. On the tenth day he was summoned for interrogation, and in an interview with the investigator, a conversation began about Andrei Chikatilo. Literally sleeping on conversations, he suddenly announced: "Yes, he's just a puppy compared to me, this is your Chikatilo!", then he demanded a paper and pen, and wrote a candid confession, in which, nevertheless, he indicated only a small part of his crimes.
Prodan was very capricious. To make him talk, the investigator was forced to bring him bananas and other products the killer ordered from him.
Ion Prodan's list of crimes was impressive. During the 9 months of 1998-1999, he committed 58 proven attacks on women and men. Over 200 applications were checked in Moscow by the institution of criminal cases. At the same time, the facts of concealed attacks on women by officers were uncovered. When his apartment was searched, 300 names and suspicious women's items were found, including worn-out footwear. The owners of these items have not been established, as well as the true number of Prodan's victims.
After the forensic psychiatric examination found Prodan mentally competent to stand trial, he refuted his testimony. As a result, the court could prove only 5 murders and 17 rapes and robberies, and sentenced Ion Prodan to 25 years imprisonment in a strict regime penal colony. The Supreme Court of Russia upheld the verdict without change.
In popular culture
Криминальная Россия. «Домодедовский упырь» (2001).
A look from the inside. Russian psychiatrist.
See also
List of Russian serial killers
References
1968 births
1994 murders in Russia
1998 murders in Russia
Living people
Male serial killers
Moldovan people convicted of murder
Moldovan prisoners and detainees
People convicted of murder by Russia
People convicted of robbery
People from Fălești District
People from Vidnoye
Prisoners and detainees of Russia
Russian rapists
Russian serial killers | {'title': 'Ion Prodan (serial killer)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20Prodan%20%28serial%20killer%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Princess Sophia may refer to:
People
Great Britain
Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom, a daughter of George III of the United Kingdom
Princess Sophia of Gloucester, a great granddaughter of George II of Great Britain
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, a daughter of George I of Great Britain
Sophia of Hanover, mother of George I of Great Britain, and Electress of Hanover
Sophia Dorothea of Celle, wife of George I of Great Britain
Germany
Sophia of Prussia, wife of Constantine I of Greece, Sister of Wilhelm II, Granddaughter of Queen Victoria
Russia
Sophia Alekseyevna, regent of Russia during the early years of Peter the Great
Spain
Queen Sofia of Spain, daughter of Paul I of Greece; wife of Juan Carlos I of Spain
Infanta Sofia of Spain, daughter of the Prince and Princess of Asturias, granddaughter of King Juan Carlos I of Spain and his wife, Queen Sofia
Sweden
Princess Sofia, Duchess of Värmland wife of Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
Other
SS Princess Sophia, a steamer which sank off the southwestern coast of Alaska, killing all on board
See also
Sofia the First, a Disney series about a princess named Sofia
Sophia | {'title': 'Princess Sophia', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Sophia', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Caleb Darrell Holman (born January 7, 1984) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 75 Toyota Tundra and Chevrolet Silverado for Henderson Motorsports.
Racing career
Early years
The son of an amateur racer, Holman started racing by running go-karts and late models during his teenage years, culminating with two ARCA Racing Series starts at age nineteen.
X-1R Pro Cup
Starting in 2007, Holman raced mainly in the Pro Cup Series. He collected his first win in 2008 on his way to a sixth-place points finish. In 2009, Holman secured three poles in twelve races but could not close the deal in any of them. A dominant 2010 season ensued in which he won four races and finished runner-up, the closest finish yet to a championship. Holman backed up those results in 2011 when he led all but five races and recorded top tens in all but three. The efforts were scaled back in 2012 as Holman started to move up to the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series. In 2013, he won two races while running half the fourteen-race schedule. Returning to the series full-time in 2014, Holman won half the races, including the final four to win the championship. He earned almost $70,000 for that championship.
NASCAR
Holman started racing in the NASCAR Busch Grand National (now Xfinity) series in 2003. He attempted five races, qualified for two and finished one, at the Milwaukee Mile. He then made one race for Ortec Racing in 2004. He then teamed up with Henderson Motorsports for the first time two years later, attempting five races and qualifying for one. His one attempt with the team in 2007 ended in a crash.
Starting in 2012, Holman rekindled his relationship with Henderson to run a partial Camping World Truck Series schedule, mostly on short tracks. In 2013, Holman branched out to superspeedways, running for Henderson in the race at Talladega Superspeedway, but he crashed out, though he ran well on short tracks. Once again entering a restrictor plate race and short track races, Holman almost made the top ten at Martinsville Speedway in 2014. He was running in the top ten, but contact with David Starr resulted in a flat tire. Continuing his partial schedule in 2015, Holman recorded his first top ten at Martinsville with sponsorship from Tide Pods. He recorded his first intermediate track top ten in 2015, and won time trials at Eldora, but was wrecked by Stewart Friesen. Holman announced his retirement from NASCAR events via Facebook on September 19, 2017 to become a leader at his church.
Motorsports career results
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
Busch Series
Camping World Truck Series
K&N Pro Series East
ARCA Re/Max Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
NASCAR drivers
People from Abingdon, Virginia
Racing drivers from Virginia
ARCA Menards Series drivers
CARS Tour drivers | {'title': 'Caleb Holman', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caleb%20Holman', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Claus Hansen (died 8 February 1706) was Governor of the Danish West Indies from 19 February 1702 until his death.
Hansen started his career in the West Indies as one of the soldiers brought by Jørgen Thormøhlen on the latters lesseeship in 1690. He was promoted to ensign in 1692 by Governor Frans de la Vigne.
In 1699 Hansen married Anna van Ockeren, the widow of Iver Jørgensen Dyppel, son of deceased Governor Jørgen Iversen Dyppel. She died the same year, leaving him the Dyppel fortune.
Upon John Lorentz' death on 19 February 1702, the planters named Hansen as governor, whereas the colony officials decided upon Joachim von Holten. However, the Danish West India Company sided with Hansen, and he was installed in office. He died only four years later, on 8 February 1706.
His legacy according to Dansk Biografisk Lexikon is the institution of the island councils.
Bibliography
C. F. Bricka (editor), Dansk biografisk Lexikon, first edition, 19 volumes, 1887–1905, Vol. VI. Online edition available: http://runeberg.org/dbl/6/ (page 608. Numbered as 610 in the online edition).
Governors of the Danish West Indies
Year of birth unknown
1706 deaths
17th-century Danish military personnel
18th-century Danish military personnel
18th century in the Danish West Indies
18th-century Danish politicians | {'title': 'Claus Hansen', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus%20Hansen', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Forced Normalization (FN) is a psychological phenomenon in which a long term episodic disorder is treated, and, although the electroencephalogram (EEG) appears to have stabilized, acute behavioral, mood, and psychological disturbances begin to manifest. If, or when, treatment for the disorder is halted, the disturbances go away, but the episodic spikes on the EEG reappear. H. Landolt coined the term 'Forced Normalization' in 1953 in response to a change he witnessed in epileptic EEGs, which monitor electrical activity in the brain. These changes were followed by abrupt behavioral changes in the patient. Landolt concluded that forced normalization is "the phenomenon characterized by the fact that, with the occurrence of psychotic states, the electroencephalography becomes more normal or entirely normal, as compared with previous and subsequent EEG findings." Forced normalization, as described by Landolt, was therefore an electrophysiological phenomenon with the electroencephalograph at its helm.
Tellenbach's description of "alternative psychosis" or the reciprocal relationship between abnormal mental states and seizures differed from Landolt's in its clinical rather than EEG description. Subsequently, this concept was refined by Wolf, who suggested that the term "paradoxical normalization" was more appropriate and closer to what Landolt intended, wherein both inhibitory processes and epileptic processes (subcortical and restricted) are active at the same time.
Researchers have been rallying for the broadening of the FN diagnostic criteria to include more episodic disorders than just epilepsy. It was recently discovered that FN can and has occurred in instances of chronic migraine attacks. This called into question not only the diagnostic criteria, but also which treatments will treat the most patients the most efficiently.
Forced Normalization in Epilepsy
Forced Normalization was first identified in 1953 and was believed to affect only epileptic patients. Though the converse nature of FN and epilepsy remains puzzling, the link between mental health conditions and epilepsy itself proved unsurprising to scientists. A systematic review compounded data from thousands of instances of FN and each patient's treatment. One of the patterns identified was that the comorbidity of psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy is significantly higher by calling upon the rate of schizophrenia in epilepsy patients, which is double that of the general population. Furthermore, it found that the concomitance is highly dependent on the type of epilepsy a patient has: temporal lobe and cerebellum central epilepsy tend to be more susceptible to psychiatric behavioral disorders.
FN in epilepsy patients has historically been treated using pharmacological stimulation, but electrical therapy has been utilized, though uncommon. In more severe cases, pharmacological stimuli improved the induced psychosis. However, in the systematic review discussed previously, researchers found that pharmacological stimulation proved ineffective in a range of cases. In fact, they the most effective way to stop the psychosis was to completely halt epileptic treatment. In one study, researchers combined pharmacological and electrical stimulation in an attempt to treat FN patients' psychosis without having to halt antiepileptic treatments. While this method did reduce the frequency and severity of seizures, the psychotic symptoms in the patients worsened. This led researchers to the conclusion that the pathophysiological antagonism that electrical and pharmacological stimuli are capable of may be too different to combine the methods of treatment for FN.
Forced Normalization in Migraines
The occurrence of FN in migraine patients was discovered much more recently, and continues to be the topic of much scholarly debate. The most significant question is whether or not the FN diagnostic criteria should be broadened to include these psychiatric disturbances in any episodic disorder. Antonio Russo et al. were the first researchers to report on an instance of FN in migraine. In this instance, the pattern of episodic disorder remission and abrupt manifestation of psychiatric behaviors that are present in epileptic cases of FN mirrored that of their migraine patient. These scholars were able to link the disturbance to FN, even though there had never been a case of FN in migraines. This is not only because of similarities in symptoms, but also because of the similarities in neuronal activity these episodic disorders share.
A point of reason to broaden the diagnostic criteria for FN is the similar locations of neuroelectrical activity during the psychosis, regardless of whether a patient suffers from epilepsy or migraines. Thus far, in both migraine and epileptic cases of FN, the psychosis that develops is hypothesized to be rooted largely in non limbic structures of the brain, like the amygdala, cerebrum, and olfactory bulb. Both antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and antimigraine medications do not affect these areas and, therefore, do not affect psychiatric activity. Yet, these medications still normalize the episodic activity on the EEG, creating the phenomenon of FN. This points to the commonalities in the activity of non limbic areas of the brain, rather than the type of episodic disorder of the patient. Migraine researchers believe the primary focus of the diagnosis of FN should be placed on the activity in the cerebral cortex, as well as the psychiatric and behavioral changes that occur in a patient.
New Treatments
Due to the neuroelectrical similarities of FN in migraines and epilepsy, researchers have begun to theorize about new treatment methods. These new treatments could encompass more instances of FN, rather than cases solely in epilepsy patients. While commonly utilized to treat independent instances of mood disorders and psychosis, electroconvulsive therapy has yet to be used alone to treat FN. Due to pathophysiological similarities in the psychosis caused by FN and nonconcurrent psychosis, researchers have begun to theorize about the success of electrical stimulation alone in treating FN. In a case study, two patients with debilitating psychosis were followed. Both of the patients had no history of epilepsy or migraines. Yet, the patients each experienced one or more naturally occurring seizures, and their psychosis was largely alleviated after the occurrence of such. Researchers gathered from this occurrence that the episodic activity in the brain caused by epilepsy may be exactly what wards off psychosis: when patients' seizures go into remission, the psychosis emerges. These researchers hypothesize about the efficiency of electroconvulsive therapy, or some form of clinically induced seizures, to treat the psychosis without having to stop AED or antimigraine therapy. Furthermore, based on the pathophysiological similarities in both epilepsy and migraines and the regions of the brain the concurrent psychoses effect, a theoretical electrical treatment could be the jumping off point for an all encompassing treatment plan of FN.
References
Further reading
Neuropsychiatry
Epilepsy
Psychosis | {'title': 'Forced normalization', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced%20normalization', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Atal I is a mountain of the Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand India. Earlier it was known as P.6566. It was rename after a team from N.I.M. Nehru Institute of Mountaineering climb four unnamed peaks and named it after former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee According to Colonel Amit Bisht, principal N.I.M. The peak lies above the Shyamvarn Glacier. The elevation of Atal I is . It is joint 72nd highest located entirely within the Uttrakhand. Nanda Devi, is the highest mountain in this category. It lies 5.7 km ENE of Sudarshan Parbat . Swetvarn lies 5 km west and it is 5.6 km ESE of Chaturbhuj . It lies 3.1 km SE of Yogeshwar .
Climbing history
Atal I was climbed by Nehru Institute of Mountaineering led by Colonel Amit Bisht, principal N.I.M.in October 2018. The expedition was flagged off from Dehradun on October 4 by Chief Minister of Uttarakhand Trivendra Singh Rawat. The expedition was jointly conducted by N.I.M. and the tourism department of Uttarakhand.
Neighboring and subsidiary peaks
Neighboring or subsidiary peaks of Atal I:
Sudarshan Parbat
Yogeshwar
Chaturbhuj
Matri
Swetvarn
Kalidhang
Shyamvarn
Glaciers and rivers
Shyamvarn bamak on the western side. Nilamber Glacier on the eastern side both these Glaciers are tributaries of Raktvarn Bamak which drain itself at Gangotri Glacier. From the snout of Gangotri Glacier which was called Gomukh emerges Bhagirathi river. one of the main tributaries of river Ganga that later joins Alaknanda River the other main tributaries of river Ganga at Devprayag and became Ganga there after.
See also
List of Himalayan peaks of Uttarakhand
References
Mountains of Uttarakhand
Six-thousanders of the Himalayas
Geography of Chamoli district | {'title': 'Atal I', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atal%20I', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The West Virginia & Regional History Center (WVRHC), is the largest archival collection housing documents and manuscripts involving West Virginia and the surrounding central Appalachian region. Because of name changes over the years, it is sometimes referred to as the "West Virginia Collection." The WVRHC is the Special Collections division of the WVU Libraries. According to the University, the Center holds over 36,000 linear feet of manuscripts, 100,000 books, 100,000 pamphlets, 1,200 newspaper titles, over 1 million photographs and prints, 5,000 maps, and 40,000 microfilms, as well as oral histories, films and folk music recordings. Through donations, the WVRHC provides access to and preserves information on the history and cultural aspects of West Virginia and the central Appalachian Region.
History
The Center was created in the 1920s when WVU history professor Charles Ambler began to actively seek support for the preservation of state historical records and resources. In 1930 the University set aside space for storage and offices to support the Center's first manuscript acquisition, the "Waitman Willey Papers". Waitman Willey was an early Senator for West Virginia and the man who proposed the formation of the state on May 29, 1862 to the United States Senate. Throughout 1931, Ambler traveled through West Virginia and inventoried hundreds of small local manuscript collections stored in attics and churches across the state. Among the collections located, many were donated to the university including the papers of Henry Gassaway Davis, Francis H. Pierpont, and Johnson Newlon Camden, all key political figures in West Virginia history.
In 1933, the growing "Division of Documents," as the collection was known at the time, was formally authorized by the WVU Board of Governors. An act of the West Virginia Legislature declared the collection an official depository for state government records in 1934. Eventually, with the addition of Monongalia and Ohio County records, as well as numerous city records from throughout West Virginia, the Center began to grow rapidly. It advanced again with the acquisition of the papers of Governor Arthur I. Boreman and several of his successors. Money provided by President Franklin Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration, the first archival assistants were hired and in 1935 the first full-time archivist was hired.
In the 1940s and 1950s, the WVRHC continued to grow with photographs, rare books, periodicals, and multimedia being added. An active collecting program resulted in the Center growing from 375 holdings in the 1930s to over 1,500 by 1970. It doubled again by 1990 and continues to grow as West Virginia's leading historical reference center.
The WVRHC covers all aspects of West Virginia history, including the formation of the state during the American Civil War, its political development, and its economic and industrial heritage. Contained in its Civil War collection are numerous journals from soldiers, personal papers from many of the states early politicians, and two rare 35-star American Flags, one of which hangs in the entrance to the Center. Immediately after the birth of West Virginia as the nation's thirty-fifty state in 1863, Union forces returning from the Battle of Gettysburg raised this flag over Sheperdstown. The WVHRC collection also includes a variety of artifacts and texts not directly related to West Virginia, including 600 works and pieces of memorabilia from Isaac Asimov, original folio editions of William Shakespeare's collected plays, and the journal of an officer from the all African American 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment that fought in the Civil War.
Collections
Isaac Asimov collection
Jerry West collection
Ancella Radford Bickley
Pearl S. Buck collection
Denise Giardina papers
Emory Kemp papers
Arch A. Moore, Jr. papers
Jay Rockefeller papers
Drawings of David Hunter Strother
Clarysville, Maryland Civil War Hospital Digital Collection
Modern Congressional and Political Papers Collection
Pierpont Civil War Telegrams
Rush Dew Holt Political Cartoons
Storer College
West Virginia Feminist Activist
Rare Books
Printed Ephemera Collection
West Virginia History OnView
The West Virginia and Regional History Center has been engaged in a digitization project since 2004, and has digitized over 52,000 historical photographs from its broad and deep holdings as of 2017. The Center's photographs archives contain over a million photographs, and more are being digitized each day. The digital archive is the largest collection of West Virginia and Appalachian photography accessible online, and draws more than half a million visitors to the WVRHC website annually, accounting for more than a third of all traffic on WVU Libraries' website.
West Virginia Day
The West Virginia and Regional History Center participates in the yearly West Virginia Day event. WVRHC takes part in hosting a reception and showcasing various aspects of the center's collection during this time. The theme is different every year. Depending on the collection, the reception includes: speakers, panels, book signing, readings, and viewings.
References
External links
West Virginia and Regional History Center website
West Virginia History OnView database
Jay Rockefeller Collection
Arch A. Moore, Jr. & Shelley Moore Collection
Storer College Collection
Clarysville, Maryland Collection
Drawings of David Hunter Strother
WV Collection holds Keys to the State's History - article about the Center and its history
West Virginia University
History of West Virginia
West Virginia University
Works Progress Administration in West Virginia
1920s establishments in West Virginia
Libraries in West Virginia
Archives in the United States | {'title': 'West Virginia & Regional History Center', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Virginia%20%26%20Regional%20History%20Center', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Play Music is the second studio album by electronic group Thieves Like Us.
Critical reception
IndieLondon criticized Play Music for the song tempos being too slow for the dance style it aimed for and also panned the lead singer's performance. An extremely negative NME review from Alex Hoban dismissed the album as a set of "boring songs about drugs" with "vaguely voguish words" and "empty lyrics," wondering if he was "caught up in some kind of late April Fool" instead of an actual record. The Line of Best Fit bashed the record for its lack of stylistic and instrumental variety between tracks, describing the experience as "faceless, soulless, heartless synthetics in its prime as this Parisian trio pursue only what they know, and care nothing for what they don't."
Exclaim! was one of the few publications to run a favorable review, where Cam Lindsay praised its mixture of styles from different countries with pop music elements and a dark mood: "Play Music is the complete package, with a resounding desire to keep you locked in with misshapen melodies and distorted emotion. Even two years after its debut, it still sounds freshly squeezed, without any indication of going sour any time soon."
References
2008 albums | {'title': 'Play Music (album)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play%20Music%20%28album%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 2020 Nigerian gubernatorial elections were held on 19 September 2020, in Edo State, and 10 October 2020, in Ondo State. The last regular gubernatorial elections for both states were in 2016. The All Progressives Congress' Rotimi Akeredolu was defending the Governor's office of Ondo while APC-turned-PDP Edo Governor Godwin Obaseki was defending his office. Both won reelection, leading to no net change in terms of overall party control of governorships.
Results summary
Notes
Edo
One-term incumbent Godwin Obaseki switched from the APC to the PDP in 2020 and sought re-election under the PDP banner; Obaseki won the PDP nomination while former SSG and 2016 PDP gubernatorial nominee Osagie Ize-Iyamu became his main opponent by winning the APC nomination. Obaseki won re-election, 57–42.
Ondo
One-term APC incumbent Rotimi Akeredolu sought re-election and won the APC nomination while former Ondo Attorney-General Eyitayo Jegede won the PDP nomination and Deputy Governor Agboola Ajayi won the ZLP nomination after losing the PDP primary. Akeredolu defeated Jegede and Ajayi, 51–34–12.
See also
2019 Nigerian general election
2019 Nigerian gubernatorial elections
References
2020
Gubernatorial elections
Gubernatorial elections | {'title': '2020 Nigerian gubernatorial elections', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20Nigerian%20gubernatorial%20elections', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Sir David Towry Piper CBE FSA FRSL (21 July 1918 – 29 December 1990) was a British museum curator and author. He was director of the National Portrait Gallery 1964–1967, and of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1967–1973; and Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1967–1973, and Director of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 1973–85 and Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford, 1973–1985. He was knighted in 1983.
The second of three sons of Stephen Harvey Piper, Professor of Physics at Bristol University, Piper was born at Wimbledon and educated at Clifton College and St Catharine's College, Cambridge (where he took an M.A.).
Piper was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford for 1966–67.
In 1956, Piper prepared a descriptive catalogue of the Petre family portraits at Ingatestone Hall for the Essex Record Office. He gave the 1968 Aspects of Art Lecture.
Under the pseudonym Peter Towry, Piper wrote a number of novels, including Trial by Battle (1959), a story based on his experiences as an officer in the Indian army, training in Bangalore and then seeing action against the Imperial Japanese Army in Malaya during World War II. He was subsequently a prisoner of war in Japan for three years.
In 1945, Piper married Anne Horatia (1920–2017), daughter of Oliffe Richmond, classics professor at Edinburgh University. She was a novelist and playwright. They had three daughters – Evanthe, Ruth, and Emma – and a son, theatre designer Tom Piper (born 1964).
Publications
His publications include:
As Peter Towry:
(reprinted in 2019 by the Imperial War Museum but as by David Piper)
References
R. J. B. Walker, 'Piper, Sir David Towry (1918–1990)', rev. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2007 accessed 5 March 2013
1918 births
1990 deaths
People from Wimbledon, London
People educated at Clifton College
English curators
British art curators
Directors of museums in the United Kingdom
Directors of the National Portrait Gallery, London
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge
Fellows of Worcester College, Oxford
Slade Professors of Fine Art (University of Oxford)
People associated with the Ashmolean Museum
Knights Bachelor
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century British businesspeople | {'title': 'David Piper (curator)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Piper%20%28curator%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
An is a strip of paper looped around a book or other product. This extends the term obi used for Japanese clothing; it is written with the same kanji. It is also referred to as a , or more narrowly as . Obi strips are most commonly found on products in Asian countries, especially Japan.
For books
Many books in Japan are supplied with an obi, which is normally added outside any dust jacket. However, a book in a slipcase may have an obi around the slipcase.
In English, the term belly-band is sometimes used instead. In French, the term bandeau is more frequently used.
Other applications
The terms obi and tasuki are also used for a strip that is looped over one side (usually on the left) or folded over the top of LP albums released in Japan, and folded over the left side of music CDs, video games, LaserDiscs, or DVDs. In this particular context, those obi in cardboard are commonly called spine cards in English, particularly by collectors of Japanese artifacts.
With the exceptions of books where belly-bands are used to add marketing claims, obi were unique to Japan and are used to provide the title of the product, track listings (if applicable), price, catalog number and information on related releases in Japanese. Nowadays, Japanese publishers also release internationally some collector's edition of video games with their obi. It is used by the consumer to determine what is included in the album or book, and the store can use the information for ordering. Obi are sometimes used on boxes for collectible toys and figures. Products with an obi have become popular with some collectors, as products with the obi intact can fetch premium prices and are collectible items in their own right. A secondhand record or CD with a still intact obi may be worth more than the same with the obi missing.
References
Packaging
Book collecting
Book design
Retailing in Japan
Japanese books | {'title': 'Obi (publishing)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obi%20%28publishing%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Churches can be measured and compared in several different ways. These include area, volume, length, width, height, or capacity. Several churches individually claim to be "the largest church", which may be due to any one of these criteria.
Criteria for inclusion
The reason the edifice was built was for Christian religious services (see Church (building) for more detail)
Entries are included even if they currently do not function as a church. For example, the Hagia Sophia is included; it was originally built as a church but currently operates as a mosque.
Buildings that have become churches, but which were not built for that purpose, are not included; for example, the Lakewood Church building, which was originally built to be the Compaq Center.
The building must still be standing.
The building have a known floor area of more than .
Internal floor area is measured to the internal face of the external walls.
External floor area is measured to the external face of the external walls.
A reliable source is present that states the building's area.
Not a Shrine, Tabernacle, Temple, or any other structures that function separately from a church.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Name
! data-sort-type="number" colspan=2 | Area (m2)
! data-sort-type="number" rowspan=2 | Gross volume (m³)
! data-sort-type="number" rowspan=2 | Capacity
! data-sort-type="number" rowspan=2 | Built
! rowspan=2 | City
! rowspan=2 | Country
! rowspan=2 | Denomination
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
! Interior
! Exterior
|-
| St. Peter's Basilica
| 15,160
| 21,095
| 5,000,000
| 60,000 standing, or 20,000 seated
| 1506–1626
| Vatican City
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Largest church in the world
|-
| Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady Aparecida
| 12,000
| 18,331
| 1,200,000
| 30,000
| 1955–1980
| Aparecida
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|Largest cathedral in the world.
|-
| Seville Cathedral
| 11,520+
| 23,500
| 500,000+
|
| 1401–1528
| Seville
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Largest cathedral in Europe and the largest Gothic religious building in the world. It was a mosque before being rebuilt as a Catholic cathedral.
|-
| Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba
|
| 13,900
|
|
| 785–1607
| Córdoba
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Milan Cathedral
| 11,700
|
| 440,000
| 40,000
| 1386–1965
| Milan
|
|
|
|-
| Cathedral of St. John the Divine
| 11,241
|
| 480,000
| 8,600
| 1892–present
| New York City
|
| Anglican (Episcopal Church in the U.S.)
| Unfinished.
|-
| Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń
| 10,090
|
| 300,000
|
| 1994–2004
| Licheń Stary
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| 9,240 m2 or 10,090 m2
|-
| Liverpool Cathedral
| 9,687
|
| 450,000 +
| 3,500
| 1904–1978
| Liverpool
|
| Anglican (Church of England)
|
|-
| Basilica of the Holy Trinity
| 8,700
|
| 130,000
| 9,000
| 2004–2007
| Fátima
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Area given as 12,000m²
|-
| Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
| 8,515
|
|
|
| 4th–5th century; rebuilt 1825–1929
| Rome
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Basilica-Cathedral of Our Lady of the Pillar
| 8,318
|
|
|
| 1681–1872
| Zaragoza
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Florence Cathedral
| 8,300
|
|
|
| 1296–1436
| Florence
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
| 8,167
|
|
| 10,000
| 1974–1976
| Mexico City
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Circular base of 102 m in diameter
|-
| Cathedral of Our Lady
| 8,000
|
|
|
| 1352–1521
| Antwerp
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Rio de Janeiro Cathedral
| 8,000
|
|
| 20,000
| 1964–1976
| Rio de Janeiro
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Basilica of the Sacred Heart
| 8,000
|
|
|
| 1905–1970
| Koekelberg (Brussels)
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Basilica of Our Lady of Peace
| 7,989
| 30,000
|
| 18,000
| 1985–1989
| Yamoussoukro
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| The basilica proper is 7,989 m2. Exterior area includes rectory and villa.
|-
| Hagia Sophia
| 7,960
|
| 255,800
|
| 532–537
| Istanbul
|
| Eastern Orthodox (Greek)
| Byzantine church constructed in 537; converted to a mosque.
|-
| San Petronio Basilica
| 7,920
|
| 258,000
| 28,000
| 1390–1479
| Bologna
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Cologne Cathedral
| 7,914
|
| 407,000
|
| 1248–1880
| Cologne
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| St Paul's Cathedral
| 7,875
|
|
|
| 1677–1708
| London
|
| Anglican (Church of England)
|
|-
| Washington National Cathedral
| 7,712
|
|
|
| 1907–1990
| Washington, DC
|
| Anglican (Episcopal Church in the U.S.)
|
|-
| Amiens Cathedral
| 7,700
| 7,700
| 200,000 (interior only)
|
| 1220–1270
| Amiens
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Gross volume slightly below 400,000
|-
| Abbey of Santa Giustina
| 7,700
|
|
|
| 1501–1606
| Padua
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Cathedral of the Nativity
| 7,500
|
| 135,000
| 8,200
| 2017–2019
| Cairo
|
| Oriental Orthodox (Coptic)
| Largest Oriental Orthodox church in the world
|-
| Yoido Full Gospel
| 7,450 (estimated)
| 44,000+
|
| 12,000
| 1973
| Seoul
|
| Protestant (Pentecostal)
| Largest Pentecostal church
|-
| St. Vitus Cathedral
| 7,440
|
|
|
| 1344–1929
| Prague
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Basilica Natn. Shrine of the Immaculate Conception
|
|
|
| 10,000
| 1920–2017
| Washington, DC
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Interior area only for the upper church / upper floor.
|-
| Cathedral of La Plata
| 6,968
|
|
|
| 1884–1932
| La Plata
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Largest church in Argentina
|-
| Saint Joseph's Oratory
| 6,825
|
|
|
| 1904–1967
| Montreal
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| The largest church in Canada
|-
| Shrine of St. Paulina
| 6,740
| 9,000
|
| 6,000
| 2003–2006
| Nova Trento
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral
| 6,732
|
|
|
| 1573–1813
| Mexico City
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Chartres Cathedral
| 6,700
| 10,875
|
|
| 1145–1220
| Chartres
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Berlin Cathedral or Berliner Dom
| 6,270
|
|
| 2,000+
| 1451–1905
| Berlin
|
| Protestant (Lutheran)
| 116 meters high & 73 meters wide; city landmark.
|-
| Cathedral of Saint Paul (Minnesota)
|
| 6,200 (estimated)
|
|
| 1906–1915
| St Paul, Minnesota
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels
| 6,038
|
|
|
| 1998–2002
| Los Angeles
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| De Hoeksteen
| 6,020
|
| 43,300
| 2,531
| 2007–2008
| Barneveld
|
| Protestant (Calvinist)
|
|-
| People's Salvation Cathedral
| 6,000
|
| 323,000
| 7,000
| 2010–present
| Bucharest
|
| Eastern Orthodox (Romanian)
| Tallest and largest (by volume) Orthodox church building in the world.
|-
| Padre Pio Pilgrimage Church
| 6,000
|
|
| 6,500
| 1991–2004
| San Giovanni Rotondo
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Vaulted church holding 6,500 seats
|-
| Ulm Minster
| 5,950
|
| 190,000
| 2,000
| 1377–1890
| Ulm
|
| Protestant (Lutheran)
| Tallest church in the world
|-
| York Minster
| 5,927
|
|
|
| 1230–1472
| York
|
| Anglican (Church of England)
| Largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe.
|-
| Bourges Cathedral
| 5,900
|
|
|
| 1195–1230
| Bourges
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Reims Cathedral
| 5,800
| 6,650
|
|
| 1211–1275
| Reims
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| The longest church in France at 149.17m
|-
| São Paulo Cathedral
| 5,700
|
|
| 8,000
| 1913–1954
| São Paulo
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Esztergom Basilica
| 5,660
|
|
|
| 1822–1869
| Esztergom
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Diocesan Sanctuary of Our Lady of Guadalupe
| 5,414.58
|
|
|
| 1898–2008
| Zamora, Michoacán
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Co-cathedral church of the diocese of Zamora.
|-
| Sagrada Familia
| 5,400
|
|
| 9,000
| 1882–present
| Barcelona
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Unfinished; expected complete sometime after 2026.
|-
| Strasbourg Cathedral
| 5,300
| 6,044
|
|
| 1015–1439
| Strasbourg
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| World's tallest building from 1647 to 1874
|-
| Primate Cathedral of Bogotá
| 5,300
|
|
|
| 1807–1823
| Bogotá
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Palma Cathedral
| 5,200
|
| 160,000 (interior)
|
| 1220–1346
| Palma, Majorca
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| New Cathedral, Linz
| 5,170
|
|
| 20,000
| 1862–1924
| Linz
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Speyer Cathedral
| 5,038
|
|
|
| 1030–1103
| Speyer
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Added to the UNESCO World Heritage List
|-
| Provo ward conference center
| 5,038
|
|
|
| 2012
| Provo, Utah
|
| The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
|
|-
| Westminster Cathedral
| 5,017
|
|
| 3,000
| 1895–1910
| London
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Largest Roman Catholic Church in the UK.
|-
| Medak Cathedral
| 5,000
|
|
|
| 1914–1926
| Medak
|
| Anglican (Church of South India)
|
|-
| Lincoln Cathedral
| 5,000 (estimated)
|
|
|
| 1185–1311
| Lincoln, England
|
| Anglican (Church of England)
|
|-
| St. Mary's Church
| 5,000
|
| 155,000
|
| 1343–1502
| Gdańsk
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Holy Trinity Cathedral
| 5,000
|
| 137,000
|
| 1995–2004
| Tbilisi
|
| Eastern Orthodox (Georgian)
|
|-
| Winchester Cathedral
| 4,968
|
|
|
| 1079–1525
| Winchester
|
| Anglican (Church of England)
| The longest Gothic cathedral in Europe
|-
| Notre Dame de Paris
| 4,800
| 5,500
|
| 9,000
| 1163–1345; 2019–present (reconstruction)
| Paris
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|Roof and main spire destroyed by fire on 15 April 2019
|-
| Almudena Cathedral
| 4,800
|
|
|
| 1883–1993
| Madrid
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| It has a north-south orientation instead of east-west.
|-
| Dresden Cathedral
| 4,800
|
|
|
| 1739–1755
| Dresden
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Largest church in all of Saxony
|-
| Basilica of St. Thérèse, Lisieux
| 4,500
|
|
|
| 1929–1954
| Lisieux
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Basilica de San Martin de Tours (Taal)
| 4,320
|
|
|
| 1856–1878
| Taal, Batangas
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Largest Catholic church in Asia
|-
| Ely Cathedral, Cambridgeshire
| 4,273
|
|
|
| 1083–1375
| Ely
|
| Anglican (Church of England)
|
|-
| Frauenkirche
| 4,188
|
| 185,000–190,000
|
| 1468–1525
| Munich
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart
| 4,181
|
|
| 2,000
| 1898–1954
| Newark, New Jersey
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
|-
| Se Cathedral
| 4,180
|
|
|
| 1619–1640
| Goa, India
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| St. Stephen's Basilica
| 4,147
|
|
|
| 1851–1906
| Budapest
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis (St. Louis)
| 4,130
|
|
|
| 1907–1914
| St. Louis
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Mosaics 7,700 square meters
|-
| Saint Isaac's Cathedral
| 4,000 +
| 7,000
| 260,000
|
| 1818–1858
| Saint Petersburg
|
| Eastern Orthodox (Russian)
| Built as a cathedral, now a museum
|-
| Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
| 3,980
| 6,829.3
| 101,992
| 9,500
| 1839–1883
| Moscow
|
| Eastern Orthodox (Russian)
| Rebuilt from 1995–2000
|-
| Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan
| 3,822
|
|
|
| 1997–2001
| Yerevan
|
| Oriental Orthodox (Armenian)
|
|-
| Holy Name of Jesus Cathedral
| 3,820
|
|
|
| 2015–2018
| Raleigh
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Catedral Evangelica de Chile or Jotabeche Cathedral
| 3,714.91
|
|
| 7,000
| 1967–1974
| Santiago de Chile
|
| Protestant (Pentecostal)
| Largest capacity in Chile; national historic monument since 2013.
|-
| Church of Saint Sava
| 3,650
| 4,830
| 170,000
|
| 1935–1989
| Belgrade
|
| Eastern Orthodox (Serbian)
| Largest church in the Balkans
|-
| Blessed Stanley Rother Shrine
| 3,512
|
|
| 1,859
| 2021–2022
| Oklahoma City
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
|Uppsala Cathedral
|3,439
|4,077
|50,000 excluding towers
|2,200
|1273-1435
|Uppsala
|
|Church of Sweden
|Largest Cathedral in northern Europe. Height 118,7m, Length 118,95 m.
|-
| Yeonmudae Catholic Church
| 3,360
|
|
|
| 2008–2009
| Korea Army Training Center
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| The largest church in East Asia
|-
| Grace Cathedral
| 3,357
|
|
|
| 1910–1964
| San Francisco
|
|Anglican (Episcopal Church in the U.S.)
|
|-
| Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul (Lewiston, Maine)
| 3,264
|
|
| 2,200
| 1906–1936
| Lewiston, Maine
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Largest church in the State of Maine, still serves mass in French.
|-
| Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
| 3,170
|
| 86,000
|
| 1882–1912
| Sofia
|
| Eastern Orthodox (Bulgaria)
|
|-
| Christ Cathedral
| 3,030
|
|
|
| 1977–1980
| Garden Grove, California
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Formerly known as the Crystal Cathedral. Consecrated as the Christ Cathedral
|-
| Westminster Abbey
| 2,972
|
|
| 2,200
| 960–
| London
|
| Anglican (Church of England)
|
|-
| Sümi Baptist Church, Zünheboto
| 2,885
|
|
| 8,500
| 2007–2017
| Zunheboto, Nagaland
|
| Protestant (Baptist)
|
|-
| St Andrew's Cathedral, Patras
| 2,600
|
|
|
| 1908–1974
| Patras
|
| Eastern Orthodox (Greek)
| 1,900 m2 on the ground floor and additionally 700 m2 on the first level (used as a gynaeconitis)
|-
| St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)
| 2,500
|
|
| 2,400
| 1858–1878
| New York City, New York
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Beomeo Cathedral
| 2,463
|
|
|
| 2013–2016
| Daegu
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Helsinki Cathedral
| 2,400
|
|
| 1,300
| 1869–1887
| Helsinki
|
| Protestant (Lutheran)
|
|-
| Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi (Santa Fe)
| 2,322
|
|
|
| 1869–1887
| Santa Fe, New Mexico
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica
| 2,300
|
|
|
| 1929–2005
| Thrissur
|
| Catholic (Syro-Malabar)
| It has the third tallest tower in Asia
|-
| St. John's Church, Seongnam
| 2,260
|
|
|
| 1994–2002
| Seongnam
|
| Catholic (Latin)
| Until 2009, largest church in East Asia
|-
| Basilica of St. John the Baptist
| 2,135
|
| 64,040
|
| 1839–1855
| St. John's
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|-
| St. Joseph Cathedral
| 2,125
|
|
|
| 1941
| San Diego
|
| Catholic (Latin)
|
|}
See also
List of the largest evangelical church auditoriums
List of Christian denominations by number of members
List of tallest church buildings
List of largest Eastern Orthodox church buildings
List of tallest Eastern Orthodox church buildings
List of tallest domes
List of highest church naves
Monumental crosses
Notes
References
Lists of churches
Churches, largest
Churches, largest
Churches | {'title': 'List of largest church buildings', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20largest%20church%20buildings', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Last Married Couple in America is a 1980 comedy film released in the US.
It was directed by Gilbert Cates, whose most successful film Oh, God! Book II, was released in the same year. The film starred George Segal and Natalie Wood as a California couple in the late 1970s struggling to maintain their "happily married" status as all their friends begin to get divorces and seem to be caught up in the decadence of the sexual revolution and the "ME" era. This is the last completed theatrical release Natalie Wood made before her death in 1981.
Plot
Life is going along smoothly for Jeff and Mari Thompson but not for any other couple they know, or so it seems. Everyone they know is getting divorced.
Their life is disrupted when Mari's old college friend, Barbara, comes into it and begins a fling with Jeff, which causes Mari to contemplate an affair of her own.
Music
The theme song to this film is "We Could Have It All," sung by Maureen McGovern. The song became a hit on the adult contemporary charts of Canada (#6) and the U.S. (#16). It was written by Charles Fox and Norman Gimbel.
Cast
George Segal as Jeff Thompson
Natalie Wood as Mari Thompson
Richard Benjamin as Marv
Valerie Harper as Barbara
Bob Dishy as Howard
Arlene Golonka as Sally
Dom DeLuise as Walter
Allan Arbus as Al
Priscilla Barnes as Helena
Catherine Hickland as Rebecca
Sondra Currie as Lainy
Oliver Clark as Max Dryden
Box office
Upon release, the film was disappointing at the box office.
References
External links
1980 films
1980s sex comedy films
American satirical films
American sex comedy films
1980s English-language films
Films directed by Gilbert Cates
Films scored by Charles Fox
Films set in Los Angeles
Universal Pictures films
1980 comedy films
Films set in the 1970s
Films about marriage
Films produced by Edward S. Feldman
Midlife crisis films
1980s American films | {'title': 'The Last Married Couple in America', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Last%20Married%20Couple%20in%20America', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
A list of University of Surrey academics, includes those who work or have worked at the University of Surrey, including a brief description of their notability.
Science and engineering
Alf Adams – physicist who pioneered the strained quantum-well laser
Jim Al-Khalili – nuclear physicist, author and broadcaster
Lewis Elton – physicist and researcher into higher education
Sir Martin Sweeting – founder of Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd
Allan Wells – Olympic 100m gold medalist; engineering lecturer
Henryk Zygalski – mathematician, cryptologist and breaker of the Enigma Machine
Humanities and social science
Sara Arber – sociologist
Martyn Barrett – psychologist and lead expert for the Council of Europe's Education Policy Advisers Network
David Blanchflower – economist and member of the Monetary Policy Committee
Dame Glynis Breakwell – psychologist
Marie Breen Smyth – international relations scholar
Greville G Corbett - distinguished professor of linguistics
Nigel Gilbert – sociologist, pioneer in the use of agent-based models in the social sciences
Tim Jackson – ecological economist; professor of sustainable development; author of Prosperity Without Growth
Diane Watt—medievalist.
Roberta Guerrina – political scientist
Health and Medical Sciences
Derk-Jan Dijk - Distinguished Professor of Sleep and Physiology, Director of Surrey Sleep Research Centre
Jill Maben - Nurse academic and educator
See also
List of University of Surrey alumni
References
Surrey | {'title': 'List of University of Surrey academics', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20University%20of%20Surrey%20academics', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
"Get Ready for This" is a song recorded by Belgian/Dutch music group 2 Unlimited. It was released in 1991 as the lead single from their debut album, Get Ready! (1992). Originally, the single was produced as an instrumental, titled the "Orchestral Mix". It became a hit and conscious of their popularity, Wilde & De Coster wanted a more accessible, formatted formula for their project to grow. Ray was then asked to write lyrics and add a rap to the track. On Ray Slijngaard's suggestion, Anita Doth joined as the female vocalist.
The single was an immediate success throughout Europe with notable peaks worldwide, including Australia and the US. It is arguably the most famous of the band's singles in the United States having charted at number 14 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, number 17 on the Billboard Top 40 Mainstream and number 38 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it the band's only top-40 hit in the US. In the UK, the single went to number two on the UK Singles Chart.
The song is one of the most frequently played songs at sporting events around the world. It earned one of BMI's Pop Awards of 1996, honoring the songwriters, composers and music publishers of the song. In 2010, Pitchfork included it in their list of "Ten Actually Good 90s Jock Jams".
Background
In 1990, producers Phil Wilde and Jean-Paul de Coster had previously gained success with AB Logic, and were looking for another vehicle for their songs. 2 Unlimited formed when Wilde and DeCoster were introduced to rapper Ray Slijngaard and vocalist Anita Doth by Marvin D., who had featured both in his rap group in the past.
The rap version was released with raps by Ray Slijngaard and vocals by Anita Doth. For the UK release of the single, an edit of the original "Orchestral Mix" was used, without vocals except for the line "Y'all ready for this?" This was sampled from The D.O.C.'s hit single "It's Funky Enough." This edit was done by record producer Pete Waterman, who owned the record label 2 Unlimited were licensed to for UK releases.
Critical reception
Larry Flick from Billboard wrote, "Spirited and melodic techno/houser reaches these shores after massive pop and club success in the U.K. Although it has yet to be confirmed, rumor has it that famed hi-NRG producers Mike Stock and Pete Waterman are the creative force behind this peak-hour treat. Look for jocks to devour this one heartily." Carolyn Chard from The Canberra Times described the song a "mammoth rave hit". She added further, "An instantly recognisable, hands-in-the-air track it belongs to the same Belgium-Dutch school of techno house that produced Quadrophonia, T99 and Technotronic." Andy Kastanas from The Charlotte Observer stated that "the raving keyboards and hypnotic dance beat make for a super dance record."
Chart performance
"Get Ready for This" was successful on the charts on several continents. In Europe, it peaked within the top 10 in Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain (number two) and the United Kingdom, as well as on the Eurochart Hot 100, where it made it to number four. In the UK, the single reached also number two in its fourth week at the UK Singles Chart, on October 20, 1991. It spent a total of two weeks at that position. Additionally, "Get Ready for This" climbed into the top 30 in Finland and the top 40 in Sweden. Outside Europe, it peaked at number two in Australia, number five in Zimbabwe, number six on the RPM Dance/Urban chart in Canada, number 14 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart and number 38 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Track listing
7", Byte Records / BYTE 7006 (Benelux)
A: "Get Ready for This (Rap Version)" – 3:42
B: "Get Ready for This (Instrumental)" – 3:42
7", PWL Continental / PWL 206 (UK)
A: "Get Ready for This (Orchestral Edit)" – 2:53
B: "Get Ready for This (800 Edit)" – 3:30
12", PWL Continental / PWLT 206 (UK)
A: "Get Ready for This (Orchestral Edit)" – 5:31
B: "Get Ready for This (800 Edit)" – 5:14
12", ZYX Records / ZYX 6599-12 (Germany)
A: "Get Ready for This (Orchestral Mix)" – 5:26
B: "Get Ready for This (Rap Version)" – 5:54
BB: "Get Ready for This (Wilde Mix)" – 5:57
12", Hot Productions / HAL 12256 (US)
A: "Get Ready for This (Orchestral Edit)" – 5:31
B: "Get Ready for This (800 Edit)" – 5:14
BB: "Pacific Walk" – 3:05
The Remixes 12", Hot Productions / HAL 12261 (US)
A: "Get Ready for This (Orchestral Mix)" – 5:26
AA: "Get Ready for This (Rap Version)" – 5:54
B: "Get Ready for This (Wilde Mix)" – 5:57
BB: "Get Ready for This (Rio & Le Jean Mix)" – 3:08
CD, Byte Records / BYTE 5006 (Benelux)
"Get Ready for This" (Rap Version) – 5:53
"Get Ready for This" (Orchestral Mix) – 5:31
"Get Ready for This" (Wilde Mix) – 5:55
"Get Ready for This" (Rio & Le Jean Mix) – 3:06
"Get Ready for This" (Rapversion Edit) – 3:42
CD, PWL Continental / PWCD 206 (UK)
"Get Ready for This (Orchestral Mix:Edit)" – 2:53
"Get Ready for This (Orchestral Mix)" – 5:31
"Get Ready for This (800 Mix:Edit)" – 3:30
CD, ZYX Records / ZYX 6599-8 (Germany)
"Get Ready for This" (7" Rap Version) – 3:42
"Get Ready for This" (Orchestral Mix) – 5:26
"Get Ready for This (Rap Version)" – 5:54
"Get Ready for This" (Wilde Mix) – 5:57
CD, Critique / 01624 15490-2 (US)
"Get Ready for This (Radio Mix)" – 3:42
"Get Ready for This (No Rap Mix)" – 2:51
"Get Ready for This (Rap Mix)" – 5:26
"Get Ready for This (Orchestral Mix)" – 5:54
"Get Ready for The Twilight Zone" – 3:55
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
Yves Deruyter remixes
After the moderate success of the 2 Unlimited compilation album Greatest Hits Remixes in 2001, two white labels were released with remixes of "Get Ready for This". The first 12" was released in May 2001 in Belgium with a remix by DJ/producer Yves Deruyter. Although just a single sided pressing featuring the full 12" remix, the radio edit was officially released later in the 2002 release Trance Remixes (Special Edition).
Track listing
12" white label
A: "Get Ready for This" (Yves Deruyter Remix)
Robbie Rivera remixes
Following the May 2001 release of the Yves Deruyter remixes, August the same year saw the release of another "Get Ready for This" remix by Puerto Rican DJ/producer Robbie Rivera.
Track listing
12" white label
A: "Get Ready for This" (Robbie's Bangin' Dub)
B1: "Get Ready for This" (68 Beat Monster Mix)
B2: "Get Ready for This" (Robbie Rivera Remix)
Steve Aoki remixes
In 2013, American DJ/producer Steve Aoki released a remix of "Get Ready for This" on Byte Records as part of a forthcoming 2 Unlimited greatest hits album. The Rap and Orchestral mixes featured on the original "Get Ready for This" single were also included.
Track listing
Download 1 (Steve Aoki Remixes EP)
"Get Ready" (Steve Aoki Instrumental Extended) (5:25)
"Get Ready" (Steve Aoki Instrumental Edit) (4:21)
"Get Ready" (2013 Rap Version Edit) (3:42)
"Get Ready" (2013 Orchestral Mix) (5:26)
Download 2 (Steve Aoki Radio Mixes)
"Get Ready" (Steve Aoki Vocal Radio Edit) (2:55)
"Get Ready" (Steve Aoki Instrumental Radio Edit) (2:55)
Weekly charts
References
1991 songs
1991 debut singles
2 Unlimited songs
Orlando Magic
San Antonio Spurs
Pete Waterman Entertainment singles
Songs written by Phil Wilde
Songs written by Ray Slijngaard
Songs written by Jean-Paul De Coster
Byte Records singles
ZYX Music singles
Music videos directed by David Betteridge | {'title': 'Get Ready for This', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get%20Ready%20for%20This', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
HMS Africa was a 64-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched by William Barnard at Barnard's Thames Yard in Deptford on 11 April 1781.
Construction and design
Africa was a 64-gun third-rate Inflexible-class ship of the line designed by John Williams. Her class was a smaller version of the 74-gun ship of the line HMS Albion designed by Sir Thomas Slade which in turn was influenced by the 1719 Establishment design of the 90-gun ship of the line HMS Neptune.
Africa was ordered on 11 February 1778 to be built at Deptford Dockyard by Adams and Barnard and approved for construction on 29 February. She was laid down on 2 March and launched on 11 April 1781 with the following dimensions: along the gun deck, at the keel, with a beam of and a depth in the hold of . She measured 1,414 tons burthen. The fitting out process for Africa was completed at the Deptford and Woolwich dockyards in July.
The lead ship of Africas class, HMS Inflexible, was launched in 1780 and opinions of her sailing qualities were so low that it was decided that no more ships of the design would be built after 1780. The next planned ship of the class, HMS Diadem, was instead built to the Intrepid-class design, and Africa and her sister ships were only completed to the deprecated design because by the time of Inflexibles trials they had already been laid down.
Service
American Revolutionary War
Africa was commissioned by Captain Thomas Newnham in March 1781. In January of the following year command of the ship changed to Captain Robert McDowell and under him she sailed to the East Indies in the squadron of Commodore Sir Richard Bickerton on 6 February 1782. As such Africa fought in the unsuccessful Battle of Cuddalore on 20 June 1783. With the American Revolutionary War having ended in September she returned home to Britain where she was paid off in May 1784. The ship was then put in ordinary at Plymouth Dockyard in June. Africa was briefly commissioned for one month by Captain James Kempthorne in November 1790 but this was her only service until the beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars in 1792.
French Revolutionary Wars
The ship was recommissioned for this war under Captain Roddam Home in November 1793, under whom she sailed to Nova Scotia on 18 May 1794. Having transferred to the Jamaica Station she then participated in an attack on Leogane, Haiti, on 21 March 1796 where, after Africa and the ship of the line HMS Leviathan had been heavily damaged by shore batteries, the landings were called off. In October of the same year Africa was again paid off, spending almost two years out of service before she was recommissioned as a hospital ship under Lieutenant John Bryant in September 1798. Command of the ship changed to Lieutenant John Dixon in early 1800 but little else of note occurred in her service as a hospital ship.
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars having begun, Africa was reconfigured as a 64-gun ship of the line again by Thomas Pitcher at Northfleet between September 1804 and July 1805. She was recommissioned by Captain Henry Digby at the end of her conversion. Africa was present at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805; having been separated from the main British fleet before the battle, she arrived from a different direction without knowing the battle plan that Admiral Horatio Nelson had devised. As the rest of the fleet engaged the combined Franco-Spanish fleet in a pell-mell battle, Digby sailed Africa down the line of enemy ships in a parallel fashion, exchanging broadsides. She lost eighteen men killed and a further forty-four wounded in the battle.
Gunboat War
During the Gunboat War, Africa was under the command of Captain John Barrett. On 15 October 1808, Africa was escorting a convoy of 137 merchant ships in the Baltic, with the assistance of the bomb vessel HMS Thunder and two gun-brigs. They left Karlskrona that day and on 20 October they anchored in the Øresund off Malmö. At noon a flotilla of Danish gunboats was seen moving towards the convoy and Africa sailed to intercept them.
The flotilla consisted of 25 gunboats and seven armed launches, mounting some 70 heavy cannons and with an overall total of some 1600 men. It was under the command of Commodore Johan Cornelius Krieger.
At 1:30 the wind died and Africa was immobilized. By 2:50pm the gunboats had stationed themselves off Africas quarters, where few of her guns could fire, and opened fire. The battle continued until 6:45pm when with night closing in all firing ceased. Had daylight lasted another hour the Danes might have captured Africa, however nightfall meant both forces left the battlefield without victory for either side. As it was, she had lost 9 men killed and 51 wounded, including Barrett. She was so badly battered that she had to return to Karlskrona for repairs. The convoy, however, managed to reach Britain.
In 1810 George Frederick Ryves commanded Africa, in the Baltic, from which he brought home a large convoy, notwithstanding the severity of the weather and the violence of the gales.
John Houlton Marshall promoted to commander on the ship at a ceremony held on 21 October 1810 to commemorate the Battle of Trafalgar.
War of 1812
Under the command of Captain John Bastard, Africa was part of Sir Philip Broke's squadron that pursued but ultimately failed to catch early in the War of 1812.
Fate
Africa was broken up in May 1814 at Portsmouth.
Notes and citations
Notes
Citations
References
Allen, Joseph (1852). Battles of the British Navy. London: Henry G. Bohn.
Lavery, Brian (1983). The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. London: Conway Maritime Press. .
External links
Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
Inflexible-class ships of the line
War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Deptford
1781 ships | {'title': 'HMS Africa (1781)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Africa%20%281781%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Fifteens are a type of tray bake from Ulster. The recipe's name derives from the fact that it is typically made with 15 digestive biscuits, 15 marshmallows and 15 glacé cherries, which are combined with condensed milk and desiccated coconut.
The biscuits are crushed before being mixed in a bowl with chopped glacé cherries and miniature or chopped marshmallows. Condensed milk is then added as the binding ingredient. The mixture is then rolled into a log or sausage shape which is in turn rolled in the desiccated coconut and placed in a fridge to set. Once it has been in the fridge for a few hours the log is removed and cut into (traditionally) fifteen slices and served. The delicacy is traditionally offered with other tray bakes, buns or biscuits and is commonly enjoyed with a cup of tea. Fifteens are seldom found outside Northern Ireland and County Donegal.
References
Cuisine of Northern Ireland | {'title': 'Fifteens', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteens', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
BGH Capital (BGH) is an Australian private equity company established in 2017 by Robin Bishop, Ben Gray, and Simon Harle. BGH is headquartered in Melbourne and is owned and managed by its founding partners.
Ben Gray and Simon Harle established and led the Australian and New Zealand private equity team at TPG Capital, while Robin Bishop was previously head of Macquarie Capital Australia and New Zealand.
BGH Capital Fund I had a final close of approximately A$2.6 billion in May 2018. BGH Capital Fund II closed in February 2022 at $3.6 billion.
Investments
In 2019, BGH purchased Perth-based education provider Navitas in a $2.3 billion deal with AustralianSuper and invested in CyberCX, a cyber security services firm.
In 2020, BGH acquired Healius' medical practices (now known as For Health), purchased a stake in online travel agency TripADeal – a 51% stake in TripADeal was sold to Qantas in 2022 – and acquired Abano Healthcare Group and a majority stake in Village Roadshow.
In 2021, BGH acquired dental chain 1300SMILES, and invested in Melbourne-based bakery Laurent and Australian chicken producer Hazeldene's.
In 2022, BGH acquired Bupa NZ's dental business and Virtus Health, which was de-listed from the ASX. It also took a stake in Pushpay.
References
See also
Robin Gray (Australian politician) – father of BGA co-founder Ben Gray
Companies based in Melbourne
Private equity firms of Australia
2017 establishments in Australia
Financial services companies established in 2017 | {'title': 'BGH Capital', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGH%20Capital', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Mamiya Press is a line of medium-format rangefinder system camera manufactured by Mamiya. The first model was introduced in 1960, and the final model was discontinued in the 1970s. It was targeted at the professional press photography market, and a wide array of accessories was offered. The maximum image size that can be captured is 6 cm × 9 cm, but images can be taken in a number of different formats, and using several types of film. All of the lenses have leaf shutters, which are released on the lens itself, not through the body as is typical with most cameras. The shutter is typically triggered from one of several models of removable grips, all of which have a built-in release cable. The lenses also have flash sync terminals. The camera lacks an internal dark slide, so one has to be inserted into the film holder before changing the lens.
Models
Mamiya Press
The original Mamiya Press was introduced in 1960 with the M-type back attachment system. It came with a 90 mm lens and has a bellows mechanism on the back that allows up to 15 degrees of tilt and 31 mm of extension.
Mamiya Press G
The Press G, introduced in 1963, is identical to the original except for the G-type back attachment system, which is compatible with Graflex Speed Graphic cameras.
Mamiya Press S
The Press S is a simplified version of the original camera, introduced in 1964. It features a fixed 105 mm lens and does not have a rear bellows.
Mamiya 23 Standard
The 23 Standard was a version of the original without the rear bellows introduced in 1965. The name was changed to reflect the camera's ability to use 2×3 film (with the right film holder).
Mamiya Super 23
Introduced in 1967, the Super 23 was the first major revision in the series. The body was redesigned, but still retains the rear bellows system. The much larger viewfinder includes selectable bright lines for the 100 mm, 150 mm, and 250 mm lenses for the first time. The 100 mm lens became standard. M-Back adapter integrated like in the other earlier versions. Super 23 G-version available.
Mamiya Universal
The final model was introduced in 1969 and lacks the rear bellows. Instead, Polaroid backs can be mounted directly on the camera, and M-type and G-type backs with the appropriate adapter.
Lenses
50mm f/6.3 — requires external viewfinder
65mm f/6.3 — requires external viewfinder
75mm f/5.6 — requires external viewfinder, image circle covers Polaroid Type 100 and Fuji FP-100C Instant film
90mm f/3.5
100mm f/3.5
100mm f/2.8
127mm f/4.7 — image circle covers Polaroid Type 100 and Fuji FP-100C Instant film
150mm f/5.6
250mm f/8.0 (not rangefinder coupled)
250mm f/5.0
See also
List of Mamiya products
References
6×6 and 6×9 cameras from the Mamiya Historical Museum
Mamiya Universal camera and accessories
Mamiya Universal lenses and depth-of-field charts
External links
Mamiya Press page at Camera-wiki.org
Comparison of the Mamiya Universal and Polaroid 600SE
A review of the Mamiya Press and 23 Standard
Press
120 film cameras | {'title': 'Mamiya Press', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamiya%20Press', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin (December 19, 1845 – February 29, 1904) was a French astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets. Some sources give his middle name as Athanase.
In his early career, he and Guillaume Bigourdan were assistants of Félix Tisserand at Toulouse Observatory. Later, he was the first director of the Nice Observatory in Nice, France from 1884 until his death. He made observations of Mars and attempted to determine the rotation period of Venus. He also calculated perturbations in the orbit of 4 Vesta.
In the literature, he is sometimes referred to as Henri Perrotin and sometimes as Joseph Perrotin (this is indeed one and the same person). He is also referenced in H.G Well's novel "The War of The Worlds" as "Perrotin of Nice". His 6 asteroid discoveries are credited by the Minor Planet Center to "J. Perrotin".
He won the Prix Lalande in 1875 and 1883. The Martian crater Perrotin and the inner main-belt asteroid 1515 Perrotin were named in his honor.
References
External links
Short biography
H. Perrotin @ Astrophysics Data System
Obituaries
AN 165 (1904) 253/254
Obs 27 (1904) 176 The Observatory, Vol. 27, p. 175-182 (1904)
1845 births
1904 deaths
Discoverers of asteroids
19th-century French astronomers
Recipients of the Lalande Prize | {'title': 'Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Joseph%20Anastase%20Perrotin', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 112th "Revolutionary Mongolia" Tank Brigade (), previously the 112th Tank Brigade, was a military formation in the Red Army, funded by contributions from the People's Republic of Mongolia, during World War II. It was originally formed as the 112th Tank Division.
112th Tank Division
The 112th Tank Division was formed in August 1941, in Primorsky Krai on the basis of 112th Tank Regiment, 239th Motorised Division, 30th Mechanised Corps, and the two brigades that gained fame in the battles on Lake Khasan and Khalkin-Gol. Its order of battle was as follows:
124th Tank Regiment (1st, 2nd, 3rd Tank Battalions, each with 32 T-26 tanks);
125th Tank Regiment (1st, 2nd, 3rd Tank Battalions, each with 32 T-26 tanks);
112th Motorized Regiment (1st, 2nd, 3rd Battalions)
112th Motorized Howitzer Regiment (1st and 2nd Battalions)
112th Sapper Battalion
112th Antitank Battalion
The division's formation was entrusted to Colonel Andrei Getman, the former chief of staff of the 30th Mechanised Corps. Deputy Colonel Andrei Getman appointed Plato Y. Mikhailov, a division of profits experienced commanders: The division commissioner became regimental commissar Yefim V. Beznosov, to the post of chief of staff appointed Colonel Mikhail Leonov Trofymovych.
By mid-October 1941, the 112th Tank Division was ready to be sent to the front. On the morning of 4 November 1941, the train carrying the divisional headquarters was attacked by German aircraft between Ryazan and Moscow. Four soldiers were wounded and two were killed. On 7 November, the division was unloaded at Podolsk.
The 112th Division became part of the 6th Tank Corps of the 1st Tank Army. Western Front headquarters created a mobile mechanized cavalry group, composed of General Belov's cavalry corps and the 112th Tank Division, under the overall command of General Alexander Belov. The group was created to prevent the German capture of Tula. On the orders of Joseph Stalin from the Serpukhov district with right-flank connections 16th Army of General Rokossovsky, 112th Tank Division was directed to strike at the flank of the German 4th Army, to make a decisive impact on Moscow.
The fighting near Moscow
The 112th Tank Division saw its first combat on 16 November 1941 during the Battle of Moscow. Together with other units, the division was involved in an offensive in the direction of Maleev, Vyazovka and Vysokinichi. Amid strong resistance, however, it failed to achieve substantial results. The division was also involved in combat to the west and north-west of Serpukhov soon afterwards. As a result of the action, an attack by the German XIII Corps on Serpukhov was successfully repelled. After these battles, Colonel Getman's division was urgently transferred to Kashira, where the hospitals and the front of rear services, to eliminate the German breakthrough.
In connection with a breakthrough of the Soviet defensive line near Tula by Guderian's 2nd Panzer Group, General Ivan Boldin's 50th Army was transferred to the defense and Kashira plant. Until the beginning of the counter-offensive, 112th Tank Division served as a fire brigade, conducting counter-attacks on the flanks of groups of the enemy, supporting 49th and 50th Armies' thin line of defense. From December 7 to December 10 the division was united with the 340th Rifle Division under a single command. For its performance in military operations, 112th Tank Division received the Order of the Red Banner. On 2 January 1942 the division was reorganised as the 112th Tank Brigade, maintaining its numbers and numbers of regiments, which became battalions.
Revolutionary Mongolia (1943)
The unit received the "Revolutionary Mongolia" title in 1943 when it was re-equipped with 34 T-34/76 and 21 T-70 tanks, funded the Mongolian People's Republic of Gonchigiin Bumtsend. The Mongolian tanks were presented on 17 January 1943. In addition the Mongolian delegation, headed by Marshal Khorloogiin Choibalsan, supplied 237 railway wagons filled with free clothes and food: 1,000 tons of meat, 90 tons of oil, 80 tons of sausages, 150 tons of confectionery, 30,000 coats, 30,000 pairs of boots, and 30,000 fur padded jackets. One tank was presented by Marshal Choibalsan personally. The success of the unit was later followed by the creation of the Mongolian Arat squadron in the Soviet Air Force. Its commander, I. I. Gusakovii, was a double Hero of the Soviet Union. The brigade initially formed part of the 6th Tank Corps (I Formation). Subsequently, with the title "Revolutionary Mongolia" in the brigade received T-34 tanks of more advanced types.
In 1964, the unit was awarded the Order of Damdin Sükhbaatar by the Mongolian government. The Zaisan Memorial, featuring a surviving T-34 tank, was erected in 2003 to commemorate the role of the brigade.
It later became the 44th Guards Tank Brigade, then after the war the 44th Guards Tank Regiment. In 1993, it became the 44th Guards Tank Training Regiment, part of the 467th Guards District Training Centre.
References
External links
President Elbegdorj attends the celebration of the 65th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War at the Office of the President of Mongolia.
Tank brigades of the Soviet Union
History of Mongolia
1940s in Mongolia
Red Army units and formations of World War II
Military units and formations established in 1942
1942 establishments in the Soviet Union
Mongolia–Soviet Union relations
Military units and formations awarded the Order of the Red Banner | {'title': '112th "Revolutionary Mongolia" Tank Brigade', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/112th%20%22Revolutionary%20Mongolia%22%20Tank%20Brigade', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are molecules that closely resemble viruses, but are non-infectious because they contain no viral genetic material. They can be naturally occurring or synthesized through the individual expression of viral structural proteins, which can then self assemble into the virus-like structure. Combinations of structural capsid proteins from different viruses can be used to create recombinant VLPs. Both in-vivo assembly (i.e., assembly inside E. coli bacteria via recombinant co-expression of multiple proteins) and in-vitro assembly (i.e., protein self-assembly in a reaction vessel using stoichiometric quantities of previously purified proteins) have been successfully shown to form virus-like particles. VLPs derived from the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and composed of the small HBV derived surface antigen (HBsAg) were described in 1968 from patient sera. VLPs have been produced from components of a wide variety of virus families including Parvoviridae (e.g. adeno-associated virus), Retroviridae (e.g. HIV), Flaviviridae (e.g. Hepatitis C virus), Paramyxoviridae (e.g. Nipah) and bacteriophages (e.g. Qβ, AP205). VLPs can be produced in multiple cell culture systems including bacteria, mammalian cell lines, insect cell lines, yeast and plant cells.
VLPs can also refer to structures produced by some LTR retrotransposons (under Ortervirales) in nature. These are defective, immature virions, sometimes containing genetic material, that are generally non-infective due to the lack of a functional viral envelope. In addition, wasps produce polydnavirus vectors with pathogenic genes (but not core viral genes) or gene-less VLPs to help control their host.
Applications
Therapeutic and imaging agents
VLPs are a candidate delivery system for genes or other therapeutics. These drug delivery agents have been shown to effectively target cancer cells in vitro. It is hypothesized that VLPs may accumulate in tumor sites due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect, which could be useful for drug delivery or tumor imaging.
Vaccines
VLPs are useful as vaccines. VLPs contain repetitive, high density displays of viral surface proteins that present conformational viral epitopes that can elicit strong T cell and B cell immune responses. The particles' small radius of roughly 20-200 nm allows sufficient draining into lymph nodes. Since VLPs cannot replicate, they provide a safer alternative to attenuated viruses. VLPs were used to develop FDA-approved vaccines for Hepatitis B and human papillomavirus, which are commercially available.
A selection of viruslike particle-based vaccines against human papilloma virus (HPV) such as Cervarix by GlaxoSmithKline along with Gardasil and Gardasil-9, are available, produced by Merck & Co. Gardasil consists of recombinant VLPs assembled from the L1 proteins of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 expressed in yeast. It is adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate. Gardasil-9 consists of L1 epitopes of 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 in addition to the listed L1 epitopes found in Gardasil. Cervarix consists of recombinant VLPs assembled from the L1 proteins of HPV types 16 and 18, expressed in insect cells, and is adjuvanted with 3-O-Desacyl-4-monophosphoryl lipid (MPL) A and aluminum hydroxide.
The first VLP vaccine that addresses malaria, Mosquirix, (RTS,S) has been approved by EU regulators. It was expressed in yeast. RTS,S is a portion of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein fused to the Hepatitis B surface antigen (RTS), combined with Hepatitis B surface antigen (S), and adjuvanted with AS01 (consisting of (MPL)A and saponin).
Vaccine production can begin as soon as the virus strain is sequenced and can take as little as 12 weeks, compared to 9 months for traditional vaccines. In early clinical trials, VLP vaccines for influenza appeared to provide complete protection against both the Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 and the 1918 flu pandemic. Novavax and Medicago Inc. have run clinical trials of their VLP flu vaccines. Several VLP vaccines for COVID-19, including Novavax, are under development.
VLPs have been used to develop a pre-clinical vaccine candidate against chikungunya virus.
Bio-inspired Material Synthesis
Compartmentalization is a common theme in biology. Nature is full of examples of hierarchically compartmentalized multicomponent structures that self-assembles from individual building blocks. Taking inspiration from nature, synthetic approaches using polymers, phase-separated microdroplets, lipids and proteins have been used to mimic hierarchical compartmentalization of natural systems and to form functional bio-inspired nanomaterials. For example, protein self-assembly was used to encapsulate multiple copies of ferritin protein cages as sub-compartments inside P22 virus-like particle as larger compartment essentially forming a Matryoshka-like nested cage-within-cage structure. The authors further demonstrated stoichiometric encapsulation of cellobiose-hydrolysing β-glycosidase enzyme CelB along with ferritin protein cages using in-vitro self-assembly strategy to form multi-compartment cell-inspired protein cage structure. Using similar strategy, glutathione biosynthesizing enzymes were encapsulated inside bacteriophage P22 virus-like particles. In a separate research, 3.5 nm small Cytochrome C with peroxidase-like activity was encapsulated inside a 9 nm small Dps protein cage to form organelle-inspired protein cage structure.
Lipoparticle technology
The VLP lipoparticle was developed to aid the study of integral membrane proteins. Lipoparticles are stable, highly purified, homogeneous VLPs that are engineered to contain high concentrations of a conformationally intact membrane protein of interest. Integral Membrane proteins are involved in diverse biological functions and are targeted by nearly 50% of existing therapeutic drugs. However, because of their hydrophobic domains, membrane proteins are difficult to manipulate outside of living cells. Lipoparticles can incorporate a wide variety of structurally intact membrane proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)s, ion channels and viral Envelopes. Lipoparticles provide a platform for numerous applications including antibody screening, production of immunogens and ligand binding assays.
Assembly
The understanding of self-assembly of VLPs was once based on viral assembly. This is rational as long as the VLP assembly takes place inside the host cell (in vivo), though the self-assembly event was found in vitro from the very beginning of the study about viral assembly. Study also reveals that in vitro assembly of VLPs competes with aggregation and certain mechanisms exist inside the cell to prevent the formation of aggregates while assembly is ongoing.
Linking targeting groups to VLP surfaces
Attaching proteins, nucleic acids, or small molecules to the VLP surface, such as for targeting a specific cell type or for raising an immune response is useful. In some cases a protein of interest can be genetically fused to the viral coat protein. However, this approach sometimes leads to impaired VLP assembly and has limited utility if the targeting agent is not protein-based. An alternative is to assemble the VLP and then use chemical crosslinkers, reactive unnatural amino acids or SpyTag/SpyCatcher reaction in order to covalently attach the molecule of interest. This method is effective at directing the immune response against the attached molecule, thereby inducing high levels of neutralizing antibody and even being able to break tolerance to self-proteins displayed on VLPs.
References
External links
Viral structural proteins | {'title': 'Virus-like particle', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like%20particle', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Bulgarian Diocese of the Orthodox Church in America (also known as the Bulgarian Diocese of Toledo, and originally known as the Bulgarian Diocese in Exile) is one of three ethnic dioceses of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA). It was created in 1963 by Eastern Orthodox Christians of Bulgarian and Macedonian descent. Its territory includes parishes, monasteries, and missions located in seven states in the United States: California, Illinois, Indiana, Virginia, Michigan, Ohio, Iowa, and Washington, D.C. The first bishop of the diocese was the Most Reverend Kyrill (Yonchev), who also served as the Archbishop of Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania. After his repose on June 17, 2007, Metropolitan Herman served as locum tenens of the diocese until the election of Archimandrite Alexander (Golitzin) on October 4, 2011. On May 5, 2012, he was consecrated as bishop of the diocese during a Hierarchical Divine Liturgy at Saint George Orthodox Cathedral in Rossford, Ohio.
History
As a result of the establishment of a Communist government in Bulgaria after the World War II, relations of the Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia with the Bulgarian Orthodox Church were disrupted. In the late 1950s, its head Metropolitan Andrew (Petkov) petitioned to be accepted into the Russian Metropolia (now known as the Orthodox Church in America), but had been declined by them for unclear reasons. Then, Andrew decided to regularize his relations with and return to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, with whom he had broken communications. In 1963, he petitioned and was approved by the Holy Synod in Sofia to be readmitted to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and continue to lead Bulgarian Orthodoxy in North America.
One of his prominent clergy, Archimandrite Kyrill (Yonchev), disagreed with his decision to return the diocese to an Orthodox Church based in a communist country, and therefore left it to join the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia, where he was ordained bishop of the new Bulgarian Diocese in Exile. Sharing his fear that the Bulgarian Orthodox Church was strongly influenced by the communist regime in Sofia, many Macedono-Bulgarian Orthodox communities in the United States and Canada (organized under the auspices of the Macedonian Patriotic Organization), voiced their support for Bishop Kyrill and transferred their parishes, or created new ones, under his authority. Bishop Kyrill also persuaded many to accept his authority due partly to Metropolitan Andrew's advanced age.
In 1976, Bishop Kyrill and his Bulgarian Diocese in Exile left the ROCOR and joined the Orthodox Church in America, thus creating its current Bulgarian Diocese.
List of Parishes
Notes and references
See also
Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia
External links
Official website
Official Video of the History of the Bulgarian Diocese of Toledo
Bulgarian
Eastern Orthodoxy in the United States
Christian organizations established in 1965
Eastern Orthodox dioceses in Canada
Dioceses established in the 20th century
Bulgarian-American history
Bulgarian Canadian
Eastern Orthodoxy in Ohio | {'title': 'Bulgarian Diocese of the Orthodox Church in America', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian%20Diocese%20of%20the%20Orthodox%20Church%20in%20America', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
José Ignacio "Nacho" Martín Monzón (born 22 April 1983) is a Spanish professional basketball player for Njarðvík of the Úrvalsdeild karla. He is a 6 ft. 8.75 in. (2.05 m) tall power forward-center. His nickname is DaFlow. His father, Morti Martín, was also a professional basketball player.
Professional career
In his pro career, Martín has played with the following clubs: FC Barcelona, Círculo Badajoz, Calpe, Gipuzkoa Basket, Granada, Zaragoza, Valladolid, and Gran Canaria. He signed with Gran Canaria in 2013.
Martín came back to his native city in January 2018, for playing with LEB Oro team Carramimbre CBC Valladolid, but just after only one game, on 13 January 2018 he agrees terms with ICL Manresa for playing until the end of the 2017–18 season.
On August 13, 2018, Martín signed a one-year deal with Tecnyconta Zaragoza of the Liga ACB. On July 31, 2019, Martín signed a one-year deal with Coosur Real Betis.
After starting the season with CB Cornella, Martín signed with Njarðvík of the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild karla in November 2022.
Spain national team
With the junior national team of Spain, Martín won the silver medal at the 2002 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship. He has played several friendly games with the senior Spain men's national basketball team. Martin has also played with National 3x3 team winning the silver medal at the 2015 European Games
References
External links
Twitter Account
Euroleague.net Profile
FIBA Profile
FIBA Europe Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Spanish League Profile
Draftexpress.com Profile
1983 births
Living people
Basket Zaragoza players
Basketball players at the 2015 European Games
BC Andorra players
Spanish expatriate basketball people in Andorra
Spanish expatriate basketball people in Iceland
European Games medalists in basketball
European Games silver medalists for Spain
CB Estudiantes players
CB Gran Canaria players
CB Granada players
CB Valladolid players
Centers (basketball)
FC Barcelona Bàsquet players
FC Barcelona Bàsquet B players
Gipuzkoa Basket players
Liga ACB players
Njarðvík men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
Real Betis Baloncesto players
Spanish men's basketball players
Spanish men's 3x3 basketball players
Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball) players | {'title': 'Nacho Martín (basketball)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacho%20Mart%C3%ADn%20%28basketball%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Thomas R. Carskadon House also known as the Carskadon Mansion and "Radical Hill," is a historic home located on Radical Hill overlooking Mineral Street (US 220), in Keyser, Mineral County, West Virginia. It is the former residence of Thomas R. Carskadon, an influential Mineral County farmer and political leader. It was built about 1886, and has two sections: a -story rectangular, brick main block and a two-story rear ell. It features a hip-on-mansard roof and two one-story, brick polygonal bays. It combines features of the Italianate and French Second Empire styles. Also on the property are the ruins of a brick dairy, the cement foundations of a silo, and the stone foundations of another outbuilding.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
See also
Sonnencroft
High Gate
References
External links
Biography of Thomas R. Carskadon
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Houses completed in 1886
Italianate architecture in West Virginia
Second Empire architecture in West Virginia
Houses in Mineral County, West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Mineral County, West Virginia
Landmarks in West Virginia | {'title': 'Thomas R. Carskadon House', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20R.%20Carskadon%20House', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Michael Beilin (מיכאל ביילין; born April 25, 1976) is an Israeli former Olympic Greco-Roman wrestler.
Early life
Beilin is from Perm, Russia, and is Jewish. He made aliyah (emigrated to Israel) with his parents in 1994. He served in the Israel Defense Forces.
Wrestling career
He started wrestling at the age of 8. His sports club was Hapoel Tel Aviv, in Tel Aviv, Israel, and he was coached by Nick Zagrintzki.
At the 1996 European Championship: 62.0 kg Greco-Roman, he came in 12th. At the 1997 World Wrestling Championships: 63.0 kg Greco-Roman, he came in 4th. At the 1998 World Wrestling Championships: 63.0 kg. Greco-Roman, he came in 13th.
At the 1999 World Wrestling Championships: 63.0 kg Greco-Roman in Athens, he won the bronze medal, and qualified for the Olympic Games.
He competed for Israel at the 2000 Summer Olympics, at the age of 24, in Sydney, Australia, in Greco-Roman Wrestling--Men's Lightweight (63 kg), and came in 15th. Ranked Number 3 in the world before the Olympics, he won his first match against Vitaly Chuk of Belarus, but lost in the elimination pool to Bakhodir Kurbanov of Uzbekistan. When he competed in the Olympics he was 5-6.5 (170 cm) tall, and weighed 139 lbs (63 kg).
At the 2001 World Wrestling Championships: 63.0 kg Greco-Roman, he won the bronze medal. At the 2001 Maccabiah Games he won the gold medal at 69 kg. At the 2002 European Championship: 66.0 kg Greco-Roman, he won the bronze medal. At the 2006 European Championship: 66.0 kg Greco-Roman, he came in 19th.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Perm, Russia
Russian Jews
Russian emigrants to Israel
Israeli people of Russian-Jewish descent
Olympic wrestlers of Israel
Israeli male sport wrestlers
World Wrestling Championships medalists
Jewish wrestlers
Maccabiah Games medalists in wrestling
Wrestlers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Maccabiah Games gold medalists for Israel
Competitors at the 2001 Maccabiah Games | {'title': 'Michael Beilin', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Beilin', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Ruth Elly Abramovitsch Sorel (18 June 1907 - 1 April 1974) was a German choreographer, dancer, artistic director and teacher. She spent the first half of her career working mainly in Europe (particularly Warsaw) and then was predominantly active in Canada after moving to that nation in 1944. In Canada she worked under the stage name "Ruth Sorel", but in Europe she was known under her maiden name, Abramovitsch (sometimes spelled Abramowitz).
The Canadian Encyclopedia states that Abramovitsch Sorel was, "A well-known, expressive performer, who was praised by local and international critics for her intensely theatrical German dance style, her literary inspiration and the emotion, musicality and precision of her execution... Working in Canada prior to the existence of grants for innovation, Sorel was a pioneer of European expressionism in Québec." As a choreographer she was at the forefront of modern dance and contemporary ballet, combining two contrasting elements: German expressionist dance and classical ballet. For many years she operated and directed her own dance company in Montreal, Les Ballets Ruth Sorel (also known as the Ruth Sorel Modern Dance Group).
Early life and career
Born to Polish-Jewish parents in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Abramovitsch Sorel studied Dalcroze eurhythmics before becoming a dancer in Mary Wigman's company in Dresden in 1923 where she remained for six seasons. From 1927-1933 she was a principal dancer with the Berlin State Opera where she was much admired as the lead soloist in the ballet Legend of Joseph.
Abramovitsch Sorel was forced to leave the Berlin State Opera by the Nazis due to her Jewish heritage and Communist leanings. She left Germany for Poland in 1933 where she soon won first prize at the international solo dance competition in Warsaw for her performance of Salomé's dance of the seven veils. From 1933-1939 she taught dance and directed student productions at Warsaw's advanced dance school. She also actively performed in Poland during those years, often appearing with dancer George Groke with whom she gave performance tours to Palestine and the United States during the 1930s. At the outbreak of World War II she emigrated from Poland to Brazil. She attempted to start a dance academy in that nation but was unsuccessful.
Career in Canada and later years in Poland
In 1944 Abramovitsch Sorel emigrated to Canada with her husband, the author Michał Choromański. The couple settled in Montréal and Sorel soon opened a number of dance studios in the area, including studios in Westmount, Shawinigan, and Trois-Rivières. At the latter studio she frequently presented her most gifted students in recital, often dancing herself.
Abramovitsch Sorel quickly established herself as an important choreographer and dancer in the Québec region, now using the stage name "Ruth Sorel". She formed the Les Ballets Ruth Sorel which had a triumphant success representing Québec at the first Canadian Ballet Festival (CBF) in 1948 in Winnipeg. Later the National Film Board of Canada's documentary of the CBF included sequences from her celebrated Mea Culpa Mea Culpa, a medieval mystery. Sorel's dance company performed her choreography on tours in Canada and in the United States, notably giving performances at dance festivals in New York City and at Montréal's Chalet du Mont-Royal. In 1949 she had a major success in Montreal with La Gaspésienne, the first choreography with Québécois content, which used music by Pierre Brabant. The ballet was given performances in Toronto, New York City, and at the Great Theatre, Warsaw in 1950.
In 1955 Abramovitsch Sorel and her husband left Canada suddenly for Poland. She lived in Warsaw for the remainder of her life. She died there in 1974 at the age of 66.
References
1907 births
1974 deaths
German choreographers
German female dancers | {'title': 'Ruth Abramovitsch Sorel', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20Abramovitsch%20Sorel', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks () is a 1974 Italian horror film.
Plot summary
A Neanderthal man is lynched by villagers and Count Frankenstein brings the monster back to life. Trying to avoid detection from the authorities and the locals, his creation escapes and wreaks havoc.
Cast
Rossano Brazzi as Count Frankenstein
Michael Dunn as Genz
Edmund Purdom as Prefect Ewing
Gordon Mitchell as Igor
Loren Ewing as Goliath
Luciano Pigozzi as Hans
Xiro Papas as Kreegin
Salvatore Baccaro as Ook (credited as Boris Lugosi)
Eric Mann as Eric
Laura De Benedittis as Vald
Robert Marx as Koerner
Christiane Rücker as Krista (credited as Christiane Royce)
Production
Italian film critic and historian Roberto Curti stated that production details of the film were "shady if not contradictory". These include the identity of the director of the film. Among the different hypotheses of who directed the film included Spanish actor Ramiro Olvieros and producer Oscar Brazzi, cinematographer Mario Mancini, producer Dick Randall and screenwriter William Rose. The Italian copyright agency SIAE certified that director Robert H. Oliver was a pseudonym of Mancini. Actor Gordon Mitchell contradicts this, saying that the director was Robert Oliver, while the actress Simone Blondell recalled only that the director "spoke English, he wasn't Italian" Among the crew, assistant director Gianlorenzo Battaglia denied Mancini directed the film, stating that "the American director left the film because of disagreements with the producer, and so Mario finished it on his own. I'm not 100% sure though!"
The film was shot in late 1972 and finished in early 1973.
Release
Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks was distributed theatrically in Italy by Nettunia Film on 19 February 1974. It grossed a total of 51,005,000 Italian lire on its domestic release. The film was released in the United States on Aquarius Releasing and Box-Office International Pictures in January 1975.
The film was released in the United States under various titles including Terror Castle, The House of Freaks, The Monsters of Dr. Frankenstein and Dr. Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks. It was released in the United Kingdom as Frankenstein's Castle. Curti described the film as having a minor cult status in the United States when it aired on Elvira's Movie Macabre in the 1980s.
Reception
In a retrospective look on the film, Curti described it as "One of the trashiest horror movies produced in Italy in the 1970s" Louis Paul wrote a negative review of the film in his book Italian Horror Film Directors, opining that the film "little more than low-budget horror at its worst".
Footnotes
References
External links
1974 films
Italian horror films
1974 horror films
1970s Italian-language films
Frankenstein films
Fiction about neanderthals
Gothic horror films
Films shot in Italy
1970s Italian films | {'title': "Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks", 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenstein%27s%20Castle%20of%20Freaks', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
"The Shape of the River" was an American television play broadcast on May 2, 1960, as part of the CBS television series, Playhouse 90. It was the 15th episode of the fourth season of Playhouse 90.
Plot
The play examines the life of Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) from 1895, shortly before he departed on a European speaking tour, to 1905. During these years, Twain fell deeply into debt, and wife suffered a nervous breakdown and died. Daughter Susy became insane and died of spinal meningitis, and daughter Jane had a heart attack and drowned in a bathtub.
Production
Fred Coe was the producer. Boris Sagal was the director, and Horton Foote wrote the teleplay. Foote had studied Twain's works since childhood and conducted extensive research before writing the screenplay.
The cast included Franchot Tone as Samuel Clemens, Leif Erickson as William Dean Howells, Katharine Bard as Livy Clemens, Shirley Knight as Susy Clemens, and Jane McArthur as Jane Clemens.
Reception
Fred Danzig of the UPI praised the performances of Bard and Tone.
Cynthia Lowry of the Associated Press called it "a poignant and in some ways slow-moving play."
Critic Paul King praised Tone's performance as "masterful" and the best of his career, though he found other performances mediocre and the production "disturbingly erratic".
References
1960 American television episodes
Playhouse 90 (season 4) episodes
1960 television plays | {'title': 'The Shape of the River', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Shape%20of%20the%20River', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Jang Sung-Ho (born January 12, 1978) is a male South Korean judoka who won a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He also won a gold medal at the -100 kg category of the 2006 Asian Games.
He was a flag bearer at 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Judoka at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Judoka at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Judoka at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic judoka of South Korea
Olympic silver medalists for South Korea
Place of birth missing (living people)
Olympic medalists in judo
Asian Games medalists in judo
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Judoka at the 2002 Asian Games
Judoka at the 2006 Asian Games
South Korean male judoka
Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea
Asian Games silver medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Universiade medalists in judo
Universiade gold medalists for South Korea
21st-century South Korean people | {'title': 'Jang Sung-ho (judoka)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jang%20Sung-ho%20%28judoka%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus, popularly known as cataia, craveiro or louro-cravo, is a species from the family Myrtaceae.
It is largely distributed in pantropical and subtropical regions, including Central America and South America.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Paula|first1=Joelma Abadia Marciano de|last2=Silva|first2=Maria do Rosário Rodrigues|last3=Costa|first3=Maysa P.|last4=Diniz|first4=Danielle Guimarães Almeida|last5=Sá|first5=Fabyola A. S.|last6=Alves|first6=Suzana Ferreira|last7=Costa|first7=Élson Alves|last8=Lino|first8=Roberta Campos|last9=Paula|first9=José Realino de|title=Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Two Chemotypes of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus(Myrtaceae)|journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine|date=2012|volume=2012|page=420715|doi=10.1155/2012/420715|pmid=23082081|pmc=3469278}} ( Paula et al., 2012)</ref>
Chemical composition
It contains chavibetol and methyleugenol.
Uses
Traditional medicine
It is a medicinal plant in traditional folk medicine. The leaves are used to prepare a refreshing drink known for its putative diuretic, sedative, and aphrodisiac actions.
The population of Guaraqueçaba, in the state of Paraná, Brazil, uses an infusion of P. pseudocaryophyllus leaves in the form of tea to treat the predisposition to arthritical and gouty affections of the joints, fever and other diseases.
Studies about P. pseudocaryophyllus'' describe its extracts as having anxiolytic and sedative action and antioxidant activity.
References
pseudocaryophyllus
Flora of Central America
Flora of South America
Flora of Brazil
Flora of the Atlantic Forest
Medicinal plants
Medicinal plants of South America
Pantropical flora | {'title': 'Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta%20pseudocaryophyllus', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Western States Trail Ride, popularly called the Tevis Cup, is a 100-mile endurance ride. The amateur event has been held annually since 1955 except in 2008 when it was cancelled due to forest fires and in 2020 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ride is sanctioned by the American Endurance Ride Conference (AERC) which has recognized Tevis as the founding ride of endurance riding. The ride is sponsored by the Western States Trail Foundation (WSTF).
Background
The ride is held in El Dorado and Placer County, California, starting at 5:15 a.m. at Robie Equestrian Park () near the town of Truckee, across the crest of the Sierra Nevada near the Squaw Valley Ski Resort, traverses through El Dorado County and ends at 5:15 a.m. near the fairgrounds in Placer County in Auburn. There are mandatory holds for rest and veterinarian evaluation, typically one at Robinson Flat (~30 milepost) and the other at Foresthill (~70 milepost). There are many other points along the trail where veterinarians evaluate the condition of the horse including the finish. Each rider who completes the 100-mile course within the 24-hour limit and whose mount is judged "fit to continue" can elect to receive a silver Completion Award Buckle. The date of the ride is generally selected on a weekend in July or early August to best take advantage of the light from a full moon.
Some historical ride statistics as of the 62nd ride on August 5, 2017: There have been 10,365 starters and 5,615 finishers, with an overall completion rate of about 54%. Winning riders were divided between 32 men and 33 women (counting three years when there were ties). Of the winning horses through 2017, 72% have been geldings, 22% mares, and 6% stallions. The average age of the equine to complete the ride first is 10 years old. The oldest finisher was PL Murcury, a 27-year old Arabian gelding (2018). The youngest to complete was Capella at 3 before an age limit was established.
History
Because he wanted to demonstrate that it was possible to ride the craggy trail from Lake Tahoe to Auburn in a day, high country rider Wendell Robie of Auburn, California developed this trail. In 1964 Paige Harper's horse Keno was the first recipient of the James Ben Ali Haggin Cup, commonly called the Haggin Cup. The first ten riders to finish successfully may present their horse before the Veterinary Committee and the WSTF Cup Committee on Sunday morning. One horse is selected as finishing in the most superior condition. In AERC, weight and ride time contribute to the equivalent called Best Condition. It is believed that the practice of selecting a Best Condition horse began when commanding Officers in the U.S. Cavalry would select a superior mount from their regiment to ride the day after arriving at their destination. In 1989 the WSTF Veterinary Committee with the support of the WSTF Cup Committee did not award the Haggin Cup. 51 years after its inception, the Haggin Cup has been awarded 49 times: 39 geldings (80%), 8 mares (16%) and 2 stallions (4%) through 2014 when Barrak Blakeley's 17-year-old Arabian gelding MCM Last Dance won the award (the youngest rider and oldest horse to win the Haggin Cup).
The Josephine Stedem Scripps Foundation Trophy is also presented on behalf of the ride in honor of all juniors that complete the challenge. It was first presented in 1994 by Roxanne Greene, who donated the Cup, and her daughter Rebecca Greene, the youngest rider ever to win ten Tevis buckles. Some riders were not recorded as junior participants in the early years and still need to be identified as such. Wendell Robie who founded the ride, set the rule that riders must be at least twelve years of age to enter and would be considered a junior rider until the age of eighteen.
The 54th Tevis Cup was originally scheduled for Saturday, July 19, 2008. However, on July 9th that year the Western States Trail Foundation and the US Forest Service held a meeting and agreed that the ride should be cancelled due to the American River Complex wildfires (part of the Summer 2008 California wildfires) that began burning in the area around June 21, 2008. Therefore, the 54th Tevis Cup occurred on Saturday, August 1, 2009. A total of 169 riders started from Robie Equestrian Park. There were six "junior" riders to start and four that finished. A total of 82 horses were "pulled" at various vet-checks along the Western States Trail by the team of expert equestrian veterinarians. The weather was much cooler than average, so this was favorable for the horses and riders alike. A website blog by Karen Chaton kept everyone informed of the progress throughout the 100-miles. For the first time in Tevis history, videos taken from the saddle were uploaded onto YouTube and timely updates were shared using Twitter. The first rider to finish and winner of the 2009 Tevis Cup was Sarah Engsberg from Georgia riding K-Zar Emmanuel, a 15-year-old gray Arabian gelding. They crossed the finish line in Auburn at 10:20 p.m. Eleven minutes later the second horse was, LD Monique ridden by Melissa Ribley, DVM. The third horse arrived at 10:32 p.m.; AM Sands of Time, with Marcia Smith, DVM guiding her. The ride ended at 5:15 a.m. on August 2, and 87 riders (~51%) successfully completed. On Sunday morning, August 2, the "Top-Ten" horses to finish were presented for the Haggin Cup. The 2009 Haggin Cup for "best condition" was awarded to LD Monique and Melissa Ribley.
In 2011 heavy snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains throughout the preceding winter were failing to melt from the upper portions of the trail. This forced officials to reschedule the ride to the next permissible date which was October 8. Two days before the ride a sudden snow storm again hit hard in the mountains rendering the starting location inaccessible and causing officials to revise the course. 177 entrants started the ride; 10 of them coming from outside of the United States. The 56th annual ride began in Auburn, traversed up to Foresthill and branched out to a turn-around point at the end of Gorman Ranch Road then back to Foresthill and finished in Auburn. The completion rate was nearly 70%. 2004 and 2007 winner, Jeremy Reynolds riding Riverwatch, was credited with the fastest time for this course earning his third Tevis Cup. He also repeated a win of the Haggin Cup which he previously captured in 2004 riding CV Eli when he tied for first place with Becky Spencer atop Oritos Sonny.
The 2014 ride was held on August 9, 2014, won by Heather Reynolds, riding a 14-year-old Arabian gelding, earning her second Tevis Cup victory. The Haggin Cup was awarded to MCM Last Dance, a 17-year-old Arabian gelding, ridden by a Junior rider Barrak Blakeley from Terrebonne, Oregon. Barbara White earned her 33rd Tevis buckle, and she remains the all-time leader for successful completions of the 100-mile ride. Hal Hall closely follows behind having earned his 30th Tevis buckle in 2013. Danny Grant of New Westminster, Canada received his One-Thousand Mile buckle while Patricia Chappell earned her Two-Thousand Mile buckle for 20 completions. There were 186 starters and 107 finishing for a 57.5% completion rate partially attributed to favorable weather conditions. 10 of 16 riders from 12 countries outside of the U.S. completed. Additionally, 4 of 7 Juniors finished the ride.
In 2017 long standing snow from the preceding winter forced organizers to utilize Soda Springs as an alternate starting point and rerouted the trail in the beginning stages. The ride was won by Tennessee Lane aboard the oldest winner to date at age 17, Auli Farwa aka Far, who had completed the ride 7 times prior and at the end of 2017 successfully completed every ride he started. The Haggin Cup was awarded to Treasured Moments, a 7 year old Arabian mare, which gave her rider Jeremy Reynolds a unique record third Haggin Cup riding different horses each time. Two other riders have won the Haggin Cup 3 times on two different horses: Hal V. Hall and Juliette Suhr. Out of the 172 starter, 92 finished resulting in a typical 54% completion rate.
In 2018 the ride took place on July 28. The conditions were unusually hot and humid with temperatures approaching 100 °F. Heather Reynolds, of Dunnellon, Florida, riding Cayucos won the ride. This was her third Tevis Cup victory.
In 2020, the ride was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
See also
Endurance riding
Arabian horse
Western States Endurance Run
References
External links
Tevis Cup Ride Homepage
American Endurance Ride Conference
Robie Equestrian Park
Endurance and trail riding
Equestrian sports in the United States
Sports competitions in California
Tourist attractions in Placer County, California
Auburn, California
Recurring sporting events established in 1955
1955 establishments in California | {'title': 'Tevis Cup', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevis%20Cup', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Community Access Media Alliance (CAMA) (formerly the Association of Community Access Broadcasters (ACAB)), also known as the Access Radio Network, is a group of twelve New Zealand community radio media organisations. The stations were established between 1981 and 2010 and have received government funding since 1989 to broadcast community programming and provide facilities, training and on-air time for individuals and community groups to produce programming.
In addition to government funding conditions, the stations also have an individual and collective mandate to broadcast programmes for people of a wide range of particular religions, cultures, languages, ages and sexualities. Stations operate independently and locally, with each station expected to make decisions on programming and scheduling by internal consensus. In total, they produce content in at least 40 different languages.
The member stations currently serve Auckland, Waikato, Taranaki, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu, Wairarapa, Kapiti, Wellington, Nelson, Canterbury, Otago and Southland.
Some community stations have powerful frequencies, while others are low-power stations with a small local reach.
History
Establishment
The stations of the Access Radio Network were established between 1981 and 2010:
April 1981: Wellington Access Radio
March 1986: Arrow FM Wairarapa
1987: Planet FM Auckland
28 February 1988: Plains FM Canterbury
1990: Otago Access Radio
1992: Free FM Hamilton
1994: Fresh FM Nelson
1995: Radio Hawke's Bay (renamed from Radio Kidnappers August 2022)
1996: Coast Access Radio (Kapiti)
1998: Access Manawatu
2010: Access Radio Taranaki
The association was set up in the early 1990s following a meeting between community station managers and New Zealand on Air officials in Wellington. It was the first opportunity many station managers had to meet each other and share the challenges each station had faced, including operating on limited resources, relying on volunteer support, serving diverse communities or operating from remote locations.
Funding
In 1989, the Broadcasting Act set up the Broadcasting Commission - known publicly as New Zealand On Air - to fund New Zealand content for both mainstream and minority audiences. Funding of access radio has always been a part of that function, and the ongoing funding of the Association member stations remains a core component of the commission's Community Broadcasting Strategy. A government funding pool of approximately $2 million is now allocated annually for the eleven stations to produce programming for women, youth, children, ethnic and other minorities and people with disabilities in accordance with section 36(c) of the Broadcasting Act.
Individual station funding is allocated on a four-tier system based on audience reach, with each station receiving between $110,000 and $220,000 in annual, contestable and publicly transparent funding rounds. Auckland's Planet FM is in the highest-funded Tier One; and Free FM Hamilton, Wellington Access Radio and Plans FM Canterbury are Tier Two. Radio Kidnappers in Hawke's Bay, Access Manawatu, Fresh FM in Nelson, Otago Access Radio and Radio Southland are Tier 3; and Arrow FM in Wairarapa and Coast Access FM in Kapiti are on the lowest-funded Tier 4.
National operations
The association has established itself as the national lobbying and resourcing organisation of community radio stations and aims to promote, develop, foster and support the community access model. It is affiliated with and emulates the Community Broadcasting Association of Australia and the World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters but has no domestic affiliations. Instead, it has become a self-support network, allowing the stations to share resources and ideas.
Each year, the association holds an annual general meeting at a member station and appoints a chair, secretary and treasury with each station allocated a single vote every year. The association has remained non-profit and consensus-driven, with discussions taking place in face-to-face meetings, teleconferences and via email. However, while the association can introduce policies, it cannot dictate the content of individual community radio stations.
Awards
Community stations have picked up several awards at the annual New Zealand Radio Awards since community radio stations were allowed into the event in 1993. The first awards went to Wellington Access for Terry Shaw's Songwriting Show and John E. Joyce's Basically Speaking and This is Jazz USA. Later winners have included Viva Latinoamerica (Fresh FM), Jazz Bros (Coast Access), Like Minds Like Mine (Arrow FM), Six Degrees Music Show (Fresh FM) and Candela (Community Radio Hamilton).
Fresh FM music programme The World of Leopold Bloom - the work of Leopold Bloom and Matt Budd - has received more radio awards and finalist placings than other community radio show. In 2014, a Leopold Bloom tribute special on Nelson Mandela and the music of South Africa won best community access programme, and the South Africa New Zealand Association Mandela Memorial Programme on Planet FM won best spoken programme.
Edward Swift won best new broadcaster in 2010 for his work on the morning show Plains FM and has since gone on to work for Newstalk ZB and Radio Sport. Plains FM has also picked up awards for Sounds Catholic, A Belch on Sport, Japanese Downunder, Joanna Cobley's The Museum Detective, Tim's Talk and Janet Secker's Focus On Arts. A station staff member Naoko Kudo was recognised in 2008 by sister access station Fresh FM at their Fresh FM Vox Radio Audio Theatre Award for Aki's Adventures Downunder.
Programmes
Most Access Radio Network programmes are English-language. However, the metro stations broadcast many Chinese, Hindi, Samoan, Tokeluan and Tongan language programmes. Nationally, there are a handful of programmes in Assyrian, Burmese, Chichewa, Gujarati, Indonesian, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Nepali, Persian, Filipino, Sinhala, Somali, Tagalog, Tamil, Urdu and Vietnamese languages - mostly on Planet FM. Some Pacific community programmes are broadcast in Cook Islands Māori, Niuean and Fijian. There are also programmes for European migrants and language learners in Croatian, French, German, Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian and Spanish.
Music
The stations broadcast a wide range of specialist Scottish, jazz, blues, metal, brass, hip-hop, Latin and country music shows. Free FM Hamilton has shows for Asian pop, rock, bluegrass, electronic, vocal, reggae and garage punk. Otago Access Radio has experimental, pop, indie, vinyl, Afrocaribbean, jazz, stage and screen, Māori, German and women's music programmes, and a show dedicated to the work of Michael Jackson.
Otago's Less Signal programme is an hour of experimental music, noise, free improvisation, drone and musique concrète; talking with local practitioners, aficionados and promoters and highlighting performances and releases. The band the Futurians claim the show was one of the first to interview them and play their music.
Arts
Some programmes review arts, books, film, poetry and visual arts, while others focus on local artists in Southland, Otago, Canterbury, the Kapiti Coast, Hawke's Bay and Waikato. Nelson Arts Festival, Nelson Evolve Festival, Nelson Village Theatre, Dunedin Botanic Gardens, Dunedin Public Libraries, The Globe Theatre Palmerston North and Meeanee Earthcare Gardenshare also have their own radio shows.
Crime writer Vanda Symon hosts a writing show on Otago Access Radio sponsored by the Otago branch of the New Zealand Society of Authors. It has featured interviews with local authors like Fiona Farrell and Philip Temple through to international authors like Diana Gabaldon and Annie Proulx. Former Workers Party of New Zealand candidate Don Franks presents a show of his original music and commentary on Access Radio Wellington.
Culture
Members of Otago's Chinese, Italian, Samoan and Japanese communities, Canterbury's English community, Wellington's Japanese and Jewish communities, Manawatu's Irish, Russian and Bhutanese communities, and Hawke's Bay's Dutch community host shows. Access Radio Wellington, Coast Access Radio, Access Manawatu and Free FM Hamilton have shows on gay, lesbian and transgender issues, while Plains FM Canterbury has a shown about men's issues.
Otago Access Radio features of a raft of local youth shows about comedy, online personalities, multiculturalism, children's stories, music and leaving school. Aoraki Polytechnic, Otago University, Otago Girls' High School, Kaikorai Valley College, Queens High School, Kapiti College and several primary schools have their own shows. Several young people also host programmes about news, celebrities, social justice, sports, health, teen issues, worker rights and motherhood. The Great Big Kids Show with Suzy Cato airs at various times on Free FM, Access Radio Taranaki, Fresh FM, Plains FM, Otago Access Radio and Radio Southland.
Religion
The Access Radio Network has Eckankar, Baháʼí, Buddhist, spiritualism, New Age, spirituality, meditation and interfaith programmes, and shows dedicated to Maitreya, Sai Baba and Ching Hai. With Rhema Media reaching evangelical Christian audiences and Radio New Zealand Concert featuring traditional Christian hymns, access stations serve other Christian audiences through specialist Catholic, Chinese Christian, Christian Science, Reformed Church, Gospel music, Greek Orthodox, Hindi Christian, Samoan Baptist, Wesley Methodist, Bible and ecumenical programmes.
Radio Kidnappers volunteer Charles Herb Peterson has received a Hastings Civic Honour Award for his Sunday night Christian programme At Close of Day. Broadcasting since April 1995 and partially sponsored by the Salvation Army, the show includes contemporary and alternative music, Christian commentary and devotional messages.
Current affairs
Parliament Today programmes like Today in Parliament and A Week in Parliament are fully funded by the New Zealand Parliament and available for access radio stations to broadcast free-of-charge. Many others purchase broadcast rights to BBC World Service, Women's International Newsgathering Service and Democracy Now! programmes through community sponsorship.
Free FM, Radio Kidnappers, Access Manawatu, Coast Access Radio and Otago Access Radio have programmes dedicated to Parliamentary and council politics, and Otago Access Radio and Access Radio Wellington have weekly shows on women's issues. There are local shows for Nawton, Hutt City, Golden Bay and North-East Dunedin.
Several politicians, like Labour MP Iain Lees-Galloway, New Zealand First MP Darroch Ball, Palmerston North mayor Grant Smith, and Palmerston North city councillor Vaughan Dennison host their own shows. Access Manawatu has a show about setting up start-ups, Free FM has a men's rights programme, Otago Access Radio has a show about creating homes without domestic violence, and Massey University academic Cat Pausé presented a show about fat feminism and acceptance.
Special interests
Otago Access Radio broadcasts Sustainable Lens - Resilience on Radio, a programme about sustainable living hosted by Samuel Mann and Shane Gallagher and sponsored by Otago Polytechnic. Most episodes feature experts from the likes of the University of Otago, AUT University, Falmouth University, Blekinge Institute of Technology, University of Cambridge, University of Plymouth, University of Nottingham, Aarhus University, Greenpeace New Zealand and Kermadec Initiative. Some politicians, like Michael Woodhouse, Jan Logie and Grant Robertson, have also appeared on the show.
Other programmes on Otago Access focus on e-waste and anti-oil activism, while other access stations have shows covering environmentalism more broadly. Otago Access Radio, Plains FM, Fresh FM, Radio Kidnappers and Free FM all have their own local gardening programmes. There are also programmes on world wrestling, Manawatu speedway, Southland rugby, the New Zealand Special Olympics team, gaming, social media and living in motor homes.
Health and welfare
There are shows on several medical conditions like cancer multiple sclerosis, Aspergers, Asthma, blindness, disabilities, diabetes, alcoholism, Alzheimers or recovering from strokes and treatments like herbal medicine, acupuncture, homeopathy, natural medicine, hypnotherapy and Biblical medicine. Other programmes focus on broader health issues like nutrition, special needs, mental health, suicide, gambling addiction, pregnancy, safe sex, general well-being and physical fitness.
Many organisations have their own shows, including the New Zealand Fire Service, Dog Rescue Dunedin, Dunedin Budget Advisory Service, community law centres, Unions Manawatu, Manawatu Tenants' Union and Palmerston North Community Services. Local branches of Grey Power and the Returned Services' Association also make shows for older audiences.
Stations
Wellington Access Radio
Wellington Access Radio broadcasts on 106.1FM frequency from Mt Kaukau, reaching Wellington, Porirua and the Hutt Valley. Its weekly line-up includes more than 80 programmes in more than 20 languages, primarily catering to local Wellington communities.
Founded in April 1981, Wellington Access is the country's first and oldest access radio station. Its model of raising money through membership fees for supporters and airtime fees for programme-makers has been emulated by other stations, as has its commitment to providing a platform for people who aren't usually heard on mainstream radio. In particular, the station aims to cater to ethnic, sexual and religious minorities, children and young people, and people with disabilities.
Running since the early 90s Aakashwani Bharat Bhavan is the oldest weekly show which is continuing to inform and entertain Bollywood music lovers. A mix of Hindi, Gujarati movie songs and local content has made it popular amongst the Indian community. Proudly sponsored by the Wellington Indian Association, the show is produced and hosted by Neelima Bhula, Mukesh Jeram and Beena Patel. Visit accessradio.org.nz to listen live or download the podcast.
Planet FM Auckland
Planet FM broadcasts on 104.6 FM in Auckland. It began as Access Community Radio Auckland in 1987, broadcasting on temporary licenses until it secured a permanent 810 AM frequency in 1989. It transitioned to 104.6 FM and rebranded as Planet FM in 2000, and is now based in the Mt Albert campus of Unitec Institute of Technology. In 2004, the New Zealand Peace Foundation gave it a Special Achievement Award in recognition of its commitment to communication and tolerance. In exchange for airtime fees and membership subscriptions, the station provides facilities and training to its programme makers.
Auckland has more radio stations per capita than other city in the world, and almost half its population are overseas-born or come from migrant communities. Planet FM provides a platform for almost 40 cultures and several communities who it believes are not served by other radio stations or media outlets. The station is one of New Zealand's most multilingual media outlets, and broadcasts in English, Tongan, Arabic, Mandarin, Singhalese, Niuean, Punjabi, Tamil, Cantonese, Khmer, Telugu, Tagalog, Hindi, Nepali, Spanish, Italian, Gujarati, Marathi and Afrikaans.
Free FM Hamilton
Free FM broadcasts on 89.0 FM in Hamilton. It began as AM1206 in 1992 and was renamed Community Radio Hamilton 1206 AM in 2004. After raising more than $100,000 to expand its reach and lobbying the Government for support, the station was granted a new FM frequency in October 2011 when the Ministry for Culture and Heritage re-designated the 89.0 mHz frequency for general community use. The station rebranded to Free FM and organised events in several Waikato towns to recognise its transition to FM in October 2012.
The new full-power frequency allows the station to reach a much wider area than its previous AM and low-power frequencies, with coverage north of Huntly, south of Tokoroa, east of Te Aroha and west of Raglan. The station now has more than a hundred volunteers and produces over eighty shows every week. It station is operated by Waikato Community Broadcasting Charitable Trust, which supplements Government funding with grants from community trusts.
Plains FM Canterbury
Christchurch-based Plains FM has been broadcasting in Canterbury on 96.9FM since 29 February 1988. Part of the station's schedule is dedicated to programmes for under-represented groups like women, children and young people, and ethnic minorities - including programmes in at least 18 migrant languages. Fee-paying groups are provided with training and facilities to produce programmes for local communities and specific interests. At other times, the station follows an adult album alternative format, with swing, blues, roots/acoustic, alt country, soul, world and New Zealand music.
Plains FM communicated emergency messages in several languages after the September 2010 Darfield earthquake, but its Civil Defence role was initially limited after the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. The Plains FM building was green-stickered and safe to enter, but staff were prevented from crossing the red zone cordon to access broadcast equipment for 5 weeks. Station management continue to work with local agencies and Civil Defence to develop their role for all future disaster response programmes. Plains FM also obtained a grant from Lions Club International for an onsite generator and updated their technical infra-structure. Key volunteers will be used in disaster reporting in the future in order to keep local CALD communities informed.
Access Radio Taranaki
Access Radio Taranaki broadcasts in Taranaki on 104.4 FM. Almost 120 community groups were consulted and over 75 had signed up for broadcast hours before Access Radio Taranaki could make a case for New Zealand on Air funding and begin broadcasting in July 2010. A limited access service operated as far back as 1981, when Radio New Zealand allowed community radio programmes to be carried by Parliamentary broadcaster 2YB on Saturday mornings. In its modern form, at least 40 percent of the station's funding comes from local community trusts, council grants and private donations.
Access Radio Taranaki invites a broad range of groups to make programmes, and refuses to exercise any editorial censorship or oversight. It is the only radio station in the southern hemisphere with a radio show hosted by a young person with Down Syndrome, and gears its musical playlist to the tastes of audiences at different times of the day. Local community boards south of Mount Taranaki have funded mobile broadcast technology to allow South Taranaki schools and cultural, medical and special interest groups to prerecord their own radio programmes.
Radio Hawke's Bay
Radio Hawke's Bay (renamed from Radio Kidnappers August 2022) broadcasts on 1431 AM across the Hawke's Bay and 104.7 FM in Napier. It has broadcast in Hawke's Bay on AM since 1995 and FM since the early 2000s, reaching most of the region from Wairoa and Mahia in the north and Waipawaa and Waipukurau in the south. It is also available in Dannevirke, Gisborne and Taupo at night or during certain atmospheric conditions. The station includes many non-mainstream and non-professional radio programmes, including migrant language shows, school debating competitions, and political debates.
Manawatu People's Radio
Access Manawatu broadcasts on 999 AM in Manawatu. It operates up to 13 hours each day, and includes many shows about groups, hobbies, interests, faiths and communities that are not represented in other media. Its 999 AM frequency reaches as far as Marton and Porewa in the north, Woodville and Pahiatua in the east, and Foxton and Shannon in the south. The station is owned by Manawatu Access Radio Charitable Trust and receives funding from Palmerston North City Council, Destination Manawatu and other funding bodies.
In addition to providing training, support, studios and remote broadcast facilities for programme-makers, Access Manawatu offers community event assistance, organises a summer concert series, provides summer school and school leaver radio training, and broadcasts the work of local musicians.
Arrow FM Wairarapa
Arrow FM broadcasts on 92.7 FM in the Wairarapa. Since being set up on 2 March 1986, Arrow FM has gone from three-hour weekly broadcast to a nonstop-operation. Over the years it has featured programmes from Rape Crisis, Trade Aid, the local library, film society, schools and minority groups. With a limited number of shows, New Zealand music takes up most of the station's airtime. Masterton District Council, Carterton District Council and various funding bodies support the station's operation.
Coast Access Kapiti
Coast Access broadcasts on 104.7 FM on the Kapiti Coast. A small group of volunteers formed Coast Access Radio in 1996, and began broadcasting during the Christmas of 1997 1512 kHz (AM) initially from a studio in Waikanae Museum. The station moved into a Community Centre in Aputa House and began leasing the 96.7 FM frequency from Rhema Media, before it was granted the Crown-reserved 104.9 FM frequency in 2004. Coast Access adjusted to 104.7 FM in 2012, and shifted into a new purpose-built studio in 2014. Coast Access broadcasts a live weekday breakfast show, Friday afternoon show and Friday drive show, and has received more than 20 finalist placings in the New Zealand Radio Awards for its minority programmes.
Fresh FM Nelson
Fresh FM (Te Reo Irirangi o Te Tau Ihu o Te Waka a Maui) broadcasts on 104.8 FM in Nelson, 107.2 LPFM in Nelson, 95.0 FM in Tākaka, and 88.9 FM in Blenheim. It was formed under the umbrella Tasman Broadcasting Trust in 1994 when New Zealand On Air asked Boulder Radio in Nelson and Harvest Radio at Te Awhina Marae Motueka to merge and combine their resources. New Zealand on Air covers about 65 percent of operating costs, and remaining funding are drawn from limited general advertising, programme sponsorship, Club Fresh listener subscriptions and private donations.
The station broadcasts across Nelson and Tasman on 104.8 FM, in central Nelson on 107.2 FM in central Nelson, in Tākaka on 95.0 FM and in Blenheim on 88.9 FM. It operates studios in Nelson, Motueka and Tākaka, and has plans to open a fourth studio in Blenheim. Its programming includes local drama, music and documentaries about life in the northern South Island. No other access station serves such a vast area, with four frequencies in three regions - and no other station operates from multiple studios in different locations.
Otago Access Radio
Otago Access Radio broadcasts on 1575 kHz (AM) across Otago and 105.4 MHz in Dunedin (FM). Lesley Paris leads its small group of paid employees and larger group of volunteers. The station began in 1990, renaming as Hills AM in 1995, before changing its name again to Toroa Radio in September 2008 - named after the toroa (or albatross) colony at Taiaroa Head on Otago Peninsula. It adopted its current name in March 2011, and moved to its current FM frequency in 2012.
Radio Southland
Radio Southland broadcasts on 96.4 FM in Southland. It provides training and airtime for people of all backgrounds to present live radio, including women, children, young people, disabled people and people from ethnic minorities. The station brands itself as "locally-owned" and "the voice of the community", and broadcasts the daily Crave Rave Breakfast Show and other local shows. Its schedule also includes programmes from other Association members, and regular New Zealand music segments.
External links
Planet FM Auckland
Free FM Hamilton
Access Radio Taranaki
Radio Hawke's Bay
Access Manawatu
Coast Access Radio
Arrow FM
Wellington Access
Fresh FM Nelson
Plains FM Canterbury
Otago Access
Radio Southland
References
Community Access Media Alliance
1981 establishments in New Zealand | {'title': 'Community Access Media Alliance', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community%20Access%20Media%20Alliance', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Veterans Day (originally known as Armistice Day) is a federal holiday in the United States observed annually on November 11, for honoring military veterans of the United States Armed Forces (who were discharged under conditions other than dishonorable). It coincides with other holidays including Armistice Day and Remembrance Day which are commemorated in other countries that mark the anniversary of the end of World War I. Major hostilities of World War I were formally ended at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918 when the Armistice with Germany went into effect. At the urging of major U.S. veteran organizations, Armistice Day was renamed Veterans Day in 1954.
Veterans Day is distinct from Memorial Day, a U.S. public holiday in May. Veterans Day commemorated the service of all U.S. veterans, while Memorial Day honors those who have died while in military service. Another military holiday that also occurs in May, Armed Forces Day, honors those currently serving in the U.S. military. Additionally, Women Veterans Day is recognized by a growing number of U.S. states that specifically honor women who have served in the U.S. military.
History
On November 11, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson issued a message to his countrymen on the first Armistice Day, in which he expressed what he felt the day meant to Americans:
The United States Congress adopted a resolution on June 4, 1926, requesting that President Calvin Coolidge issue annual proclamations calling for the observance of November 11 with appropriate ceremonies. A Congressional Act (52 Stat. 351; 5 U.S. Code, Sec. 87a) approved May 13, 1938, made November 11 in each year a legal holiday: "a day to be dedicated to the cause of world peace and to be thereafter celebrated and known as 'Armistice Day'".
In 1945, World War II veteran Raymond Weeks from Birmingham, Alabama, had the idea to expand Armistice Day to celebrate all veterans, not just those who died in World War I. Weeks led a delegation to Gen. Dwight Eisenhower, who supported the idea of National Veterans Day. Weeks led the first national celebration in 1947 in Alabama and annually until his death in 1985. President Reagan honored Weeks at the White House with the Presidential Citizenship Medal in 1982 as the driving force for the national holiday. Elizabeth Dole, who prepared the briefing for President Reagan, determined Weeks as the "Father of Veterans Day".
US Representative Ed Rees from Emporia, Kansas, presented a bill establishing the holiday through Congress. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, also from Kansas, signed the bill into law on May 26, 1954. It had been eight and a half years since Weeks held his first Armistice Day celebration for all veterans.
Congress amended the bill on June 1, 1954, replacing "Armistice" with "Veterans," and it has been known as Veterans Day since.
The National Veterans Award was also created in 1954. Congressman Rees of Kansas received the first National Veterans Award in Birmingham, Alabama, for his support in offering legislation to make Veterans Day a federal holiday.
Although originally scheduled for celebration on November 11 of every year, starting in 1971 in accordance with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, Veterans Day was moved to the fourth Monday of October (October 25, 1971; October 23, 1972; October 22, 1973; October 28, 1974; October 27, 1975; October 25, 1976, and October 24, 1977). In 1978, it was moved back to its original celebration on November 11. While the legal holiday remains on November 11, if that date happens to be on a Saturday or Sunday, then federal government employees and a number of organizations will instead take the day off on the adjacent Friday or Monday, respectively.
Observance
Because it is a federal holiday, some American workers and many students have Veterans Day off from work or school. When Veterans Day falls on a Saturday then either Saturday or the preceding Friday may be designated as the holiday, whereas if it falls on a Sunday it is typically observed on the following Monday. When it falls on the weekend many private companies offer it as a floating holiday where employees can choose some other day. A Society for Human Resource Management poll in 2010 found that 21 percent of employers planned to observe the holiday in 2011.
Legally, two minutes of silence is recommended to be observed at 2:11pm Eastern Standard Time.
Non-essential federal government offices are closed. No mail is delivered. All federal workers are paid for the holiday; those who are required to work on the holiday sometimes receive holiday pay for that day in addition to their wages.
Armistice Day
In his Armistice Day address to Congress, Wilson was sensitive to the psychological toll of the lean War years: "Hunger does not breed reform; it breeds madness," he remarked. As Veterans Day and the birthday of the United States Marine Corps (November 10, 1775) are only one day apart, that branch of the Armed Forces customarily observes both occasions as a 96-hour liberty period.
Election Day is a regular working day, while Veterans Day, which typically falls the following week, is a federal holiday. The National Commission on Federal Election Reform called for the holidays to be merged, so citizens can have a day off to vote. They state this as a way to honor voting by exercising democratic rights.
Spelling of Veterans Day
While the holiday is commonly printed as Veteran's Day or Veterans' Day in calendars and advertisements, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs website states that the attributive (no apostrophe) rather than the possessive case is the official spelling "because it is not a day that 'belongs' to veterans, it is a day for honoring all veterans."
See also
Notes
References
External links
Official Website United States Department of Veterans Affairs
(Federal holidays)
1919 establishments in the United States
Aftermath of World War I in the United States
Annual events in the United States
Armistice Day
Federal holidays in the United States
Holidays related to World War I
November observances
Public holidays in the United States
United States flag flying days
Recurring events established in 1919
Veterans' affairs in the United States
Veterans days | {'title': 'Veterans Day', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterans%20Day', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Rohan Marlon Anthony Goulbourne (born April 1, 2002) is a Canadian soccer player who plays as a defender for Toronto FC II in MLS Next Pro.
Early life
He began playing Kinder Soccer in Brampton at age 3 and started playing for Woodbridge Strikers SC when he was six. In 2014, he joined the Toronto FC Academy. On September 18, 2018, he made his debut for the senior academy team, Toronto FC III in League1 Ontario against Vaughan Azzurri.
Career
In December 2020, he signed his first professional contract with Toronto FC II of USL League One to join the team for the 2021 season. He made his debut for Toronto FC II on May 22, 2021 against North Texas SC.
International career
Goulbourne has represented the Canada U17 team at the 2019 CONCACAF U-17 Championship and the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup.
Career statistics
Club
References
2002 births
Living people
Canadian soccer players
Association football defenders
Soccer players from Brampton
Toronto FC players
Toronto FC II players
Woodbridge Strikers players
MLS Next Pro players
USL League One players | {'title': 'Rohan Goulbourne', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohan%20Goulbourne', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
¡Cu-cut! was a Catalan illustrated satirical magazine, written in Catalan. Published in Barcelona between 1902 and 1912, it followed the political line marked by Francesc Cambó's Lliga Regionalista.
History
¡Cu-cut!, named after the cuckoo bird (), was first published on 2 January 1902 and, like El Be Negre magazine that would be published later, it steadfastly opposed Lerrouxism in Spain. Its director was Manuel Folch i Torres and most articles were written by Josep Morató i Grau, Eduard Coca i Vallmajor and Manuel Urgellès, among others such as Josep Abril i Virgili and Vicenç Caldés i Arús. The main illustrators were Joan Llaverias, Joan Junceda, Ricard Opisso, Feliu Elias, nicknamed Apa, Lluís Bagaria, and Lola Anglada. One of the most representative characters of the magazine was "el català" (The Catalan), a small man wearing a barretina drawn by Gaietà Cornet i Palau, the artistic director of the magazine.
The magazine had sixteen pages, usually printed in two colors, edited by Josep Baguñà and printed by Marià Galve. The price was ten cèntims. The literary director was Manuel Folch i Torres, the art director Gaietà Cornet i Palau and the managing director Ramon Pruna, who became a kind of scapegoat for the successive judiciary cases against the magazine and was imprisoned more than once.
On 23 November 1905 the magazine published a caricature by Joan Junceda ridiculing the military. Following this, about 300 officers of the Spanish Army, angry at the magazine for having published the offending cartoon, stormed the Cu-Cut! offices, which were also the offices of En Patufet and La Veu de Catalunya. They caused much destruction in the building, burning the place before leaving.
Under pressure of the military, the Spanish government decreed a five-month suspension of the publication of the magazine, between December 1905 and 28 April 1906. These events led to the passing of the Ley de Jurisdicciones ("Law of Jurisdictions"), which severely restricted freedom of expression in Spain by making speech against "Spain and its symbols"—the Spanish Armed Forces including themselves as one of the symbols— a criminal offence.
Owing to its sharp humor and daring political satire Cu-Cut! became very successful, reaching a peak of 60,000 copies printed. Even then, it was forced to close down in 1912 by the leaders of the Lliga Regionalista, sore at the satirical cover by Joan Llaverias on the 25 April 1912 issue. Following the closure of Cu-Cut! the team of editors and illustrators continued their work at Catalan children's magazine En Patufet.
On the occasion of the first centennial of the closure of the magazine, the Barcelona City Historical Archive (Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona) staged an exhibition and published a catalogue based on the once famous magazine. The exhibition was commissioned by Catalan cartoonist Jaume Capdevila (Kap) and produced with the Associació Tantatinta.
See also
Joan Junceda
Ricard Opisso i Sala
Spanish Republican Army
Josep Abril i Virgili
References
External links
Digitalització disponible al portal ARCA (Arxiu de Revistes Catalanes Antigues)
Fitxa de ¡Cu-Cut! a Tebeosfera
Cu-cut! Sàtira política en temps trasbalsats (1902–1912) - Exposició a l'Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona
Francesc Mestre: Ilustradores Ilustres
1902 establishments in Spain
1912 disestablishments in Spain
Catalan-language magazines
Magazines published in Catalonia
Satirical magazines published in Spain
Magazines established in 1902
Magazines disestablished in 1912
Magazines published in Barcelona
Defunct magazines published in Spain | {'title': '¡Cu-Cut!', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%A1Cu-Cut%21', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Donald Charles Crombie (born 5 July 1942) is an Australian film and television director and screenwriter.
Born in Brisbane, Crombie was educated at the Anglican Church Grammar School and studied at the National Institute of Dramatic Art.
Crombie started work at the Commonwealth Film Unit in 1963. He has directed feature films, telemovies, mini-series, drama series, documentaries and commercials, and has also written film and television scripts. Crombie has been a board member of the AWG, ASDACS and ASDA and the president of ASDA for over 5 years.
He is the father of costume and production designer Fiona Crombie.
Filmography
Feature films directed
The Choice (1971)
Caddie (1976)
The Irishman (1978) (also writer)
Cathy's Child (1979)
The Killing of Angel Street (1981)
Kitty and the Bagman (1983)
Playing Beatie Bow (1986)
Rough Diamonds (1994) (also writer)
Selkie (2000)
Television
Do I Have to Kill My Child? (1976) (TV) (also writer)
"Cyclone Tracy" (1986) TV mini-series
The Heroes (1988) (TV)
The Alien Years (1988) (TV)
The Saint: Fear in Fun Park (1989) (TV)
The River Kings (1991) TV mini-series
Heroes II: The Return (1991) (TV)
The Feds: Terror (1993) (TV)
"Time Trax" (1993–1994)
The Celluloid Heroes (1995) (TV)
"Flipper" (1995–1997)
"Tales of the South Seas" (1998) TV series
"McLeod's Daughters" (2001–2002)
Other
Aircraft at Work (1966) (documentary) (also writer)
Is Anybody Doing Anything About It? (1967) (short) (also writer)
Sailor (1968) (documentary)
Top End (1968) (documentary)
Our Land Australia (1972) (documentary) (also producer, co-writer)
Who Killed Jenny Langby? (1974) (documentary) (also co-writer)
Robbery Under Arms (1985) (cinema and a television mini-series release)
References
External links
1942 births
Living people
Australian film directors
Australian screenwriters
Australian film producers
People from Brisbane
Australian television directors
People educated at Anglican Church Grammar School
Members of the Order of Australia | {'title': 'Donald Crombie', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Crombie', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Battle of Brobacka was a battle fought in Alingsås between Sweden and Denmark on 9 August 1566. The Swedish army under command of Charles de Mornay successfully managed to ambush Daniel Rantzau and his Danish army on their arrival back from their looting train in Västergötland, southwest of Sweden.
Prelude
During the mid-1560s, an army of 8,000 men and 600 cavalry under Daniel Rantzau had continuously plundered and looted the Swedish southwest coast of Västergörland and burnt several towns; for instance, Bogesund, Falköping, Skara, and Lidköping were destroyed. However, after repeated raids, diseases as well as subsequent threats from a nearby Swedish army under command of Charles de Mornay, the Danes were forced to retreat back to Denmark. Charles de Mornay was ordered to encounter the Danes with his army stationed in Värnamo. Some skirmishes occurred, one of them at Tråvads bridge where the Danes suffered some heavy casualties.
Charles de Mornay later received orders from the Swedish king Erik XIV to gather the Allmoge (farmers from the agrarian society) in Småland to obtain and build blocking defences in order to halt the Danish retreat. In that way, Erik's force would maybe make it to capture them. Preparations were made and trees, stones, and other wooden material were felled or built across the roads.
The Danish army which was retreating to Alingsås church, realized the risk of the march with the nearby Swedish army of 3,880 infantry and 1,450 cavalry under de Mornay, thus chose to go through Brobacka, meanwhile suffering losses due to sickness and starvation.
Battle
In the eve of 9 August Swedish scouts confirmed possible Danish cavalry arriving in Fjällsjön. The bridge going over the strait had been destroyed by the Swedish defenders at Brobacka consisting of 3,700 mobilized peasants. While Rantzau on his arrival noticed this, he immediately was fired at by the peasants. The Danish soldiers returned an effective fire but chose not to stay, believing the Swedish army to have been superior. Rantzau then started his crossing of the strait to Östad, however, only one cannon or reiter at a time could cross, creating a vulnerable position for the Danes.
The Danish army's access across the strait shocked Rantzau who questioned the Swedes reasons not to attack. However, Charles de Mornay had orders to attack the baggage train and not the main bulk of the Danish army. When it arrived the Swedish cavalry and infantry stormed down from the cliffs north of the road. A riot amongst the Danes occurred and they suffered 900 killed in just half an hour as well as 300 wagons and 600 horses of the stationary wagon train. The Swedes took all of the booty and disappeared as quickly as they came. On believing they faced the whole Swedish army, the Danish rear guard exploited the riot, despite facing numerically disadvantaged Swedes looting the train, and in disorder they fled against Starrkärr and Nödinge.
Aftermath
The four Danish officers; Tomas Kruuse, Krister Scramm, Morten Krabbe, and Josef Muus August Zwertlein all died in the battle along with 2,500 other Danes. The whole wagon train had been abandoned and the Swedish victory had been total. Around 3,143 peasants were alive on 12 August which means about 550 had either been killed or mortally wounded in the battle. On 9 August 1986 a memorial stone was raised in Brobacka for those who fell on 9 August 1566.
References
Jan Skoglöv, Alingsås krigsskådeplats 1566, Alingsås 1983
Jan Skoglöv, Slaget vid Brobacka 1566, Alingsås 1987
1566 in Denmark
Brobacka
Brobacka
Brobacka
Brobacka | {'title': 'Battle of Brobacka', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Brobacka', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Newell Hall is a historic site in Gainesville, Florida, United States. It is located in the northeastern section of the University of Florida. On June 27, 1979, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Formerly home to the Department of Soil and Water Science, the building is currently used as a 24/7 study space for university students to collaborate.
Namesake
Newell Hall is named for Wilmon Newell, the Provost of Agriculture at the University of Florida from 1921 until his death in October 1943.
Renovations
On April 17, 2017, a newly renovated and expanded Newell Hall opened on campus. The $16.6 million project added expansive indoor seating, an Au Bon Pain restaurant, as well as numerous modern study spaces and meeting rooms. Outdoor hammocks were installed and new landscaping was added.
See also
University of Florida
Buildings at the University of Florida
Campus Historic District
References
External links
Alachua County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Alachua County listings at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Virtual tour of University of Florida Campus Historic District at Alachua County's Department of Growth Management
The University of Florida Historic Campus at UF Facilities Planning & Construction
George A. Smathers Libraries
UF Builds: The Architecture of the University of Florida
Newell Hall
National Register of Historic Places in Gainesville, Florida
Buildings at the University of Florida
William Augustus Edwards buildings
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
1910 establishments in Florida
University and college buildings completed in 1910 | {'title': 'Newell Hall (Gainesville, Florida)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newell%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Fritz Heinrich Rasp (13 May 1891 – 30 November 1976) was a German film actor who appeared in more than 100 films between 1916 and 1976. His obituary in Der Spiegel described Rasp as "the German film villain in service, for over 60 years."
Life and career
Fritz Heinrich Rasp was the thirteenth child of a county surveyor. He was educated from 1908–1909 at the Theaterschule Otto Königin in Munich. He made his stage debut in 1909, after he successfully overcame a speech impediment. During his long career, the character actor appeared in some of the most famous theatres in Germany, working with acclaimed directors such as Bertolt Brecht and Max Reinhardt and famous actors such as Albert Bassermann, Joseph Schildkraut and Werner Krauss. Rasp made an early film debut in 1916 and appeared in some early films by his friend, director Ernst Lubitsch. With his "gaunt, ascetic looks", Rasp played numerous scoundrels or shady characters during the Golden Age of German cinema in the 1920s. He is considered to be one of the most successful film villains in German film history.
Some of Rasp's more notable film roles were "J. J. Peachum" in The Threepenny Opera (1931), as the reckless seducer Meinert in Diary of a Lost Girl (1929), as Mr. Brocklehurst in Orphan of Lowood (1926), an early German adaptation of Jane Eyre, and as the bank robber Grundeis in Emil and the Detectives (1931). He also portrayed the mysterious "Der Schmale" ("The Thin Man") in Fritz Lang's Metropolis (1927). Many of the scenes in the latter film in which he appears are part of the Metropolis footage long believed lost until their recovery in 2008. In the 1960s, Rasp also appeared in numerous Edgar Wallace criminal films. In one of his last films, Bernhard Sinkel's comedy-drama Lina Braake (1975), Rasp starred against-type as a likable pensioner who steals money from an unscrupulous bank.
Fritz Rasp was awarded with the Filmband in Gold in 1963 for his outstanding work for the German film industry.
Personal life
Fritz Rasp died of cancer at age 85 in Gräfelfing, where he is also buried. His son Andreas Rasp (1921–2013) was a Gymnasium teacher and poet, his daughter Renate Rasp (1935–2015) a notable writer associated with the Group 47.
Selected filmography
Shoe Palace Pinkus (1916)
Hans Trutz in the Land of Plenty (1917)
The Lost House (1922)
Youth (1922) - Amandus
Man by the Wayside (1923) - Farmhand
Time Is Money (1923) - François
Between Evening and Morning (1923)
Warning Shadows (1923) - Diener
Arabella (1924)
Comedians (1925) - Jugendlicher Liebhaber
Wood Love (1925) - Tom Snout
The Doll of Luna Park (1925)
Goetz von Berlichingen of the Iron Hand (1925)
People of the Sea (1925)
The House of Lies (1926) - Kandidat Molwik
Torments of the Night (1926) - Kellner
Love's Joys and Woes (1926)
Superfluous People (1926) - Chirikov
Orphan of Lowood (1926) - Brocklehurst
Metropolis (1927) - Der Schmale / The Thin Man
Children's Souls Accuse You (1927) - Heinrich Voss - Enzenbergs Sekretär
The Last Waltz (1927) - Linnsky, Hofmarschall
The Love of Jeanne Ney (1927) - Khalibiev
The Prince of Rogues (1928) - Heinrich Benzel
The Mysterious Mirror (1928) - reicher Mann
Spione (1928) - Col. Jellusic - Ivan Stepanov, English version
Docks of Hamburg (1928) - The doctor
The Hound of the Baskervilles (1929) - Stapleton
Diary of a Lost Girl (1929) - Meinert
Woman in the Moon (1929) - Der Mann, der sich Walter Turner nennt
Three Around Edith (1929) - Pistol
Spring Awakening (1929) - Lehrer Habebald
The Dreyfus Case (1930) - Maj. DuPatay de Clam
The Great Longing (1930) - Himself
The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov (1931) - Smerdjakoff
The Threepenny Opera (1931) - Peachum
Tropical Nights (1931) - Jones
The Squeaker (1931) - Frank Sutton
The Paw (1931) - Dr. Ing. Rappis
Emil and the Detectives (1931) - Grundeis
Die Vier vom Bob 13 (1932) - Schmidt
The Cruel Mistress (1932) - Professor Bock
The Ringer (1932) - Maurice Meister
Der sündige Hof (1933) - Veit, der Schäfer
The Judas of Tyrol (1933) - Raffl
Grenzfeuer (1934) - Nothaas - Grenzhofbauer
Schuß am Nebelhorn (1934) - Sebastian Geyer, Forstgehilfe
Charley's Aunt (1934) - Lord Babberley
Little Dorrit (1934) - Flintwinch
Decoy (1934) - de Groot, ihr Vormund
Asew (1935) - Lockspitzel Asew
The Emperor's Candlesticks (1936) - Stanislaus
Uncle Bräsig (1936) - Slusohr, ein Gauner
The Hound of the Baskervilles (1937) - Barrymore
Togger (1937) - Dublanc
Einmal werd' ich Dir gefallen (1938) - Theo - Haushofmeister
So You Don't Know Korff Yet? (1938) - Kelley
The Life and Loves of Tschaikovsky (1939) - Porphyr Philippowitsch Kruglikow, Kritiker
Woman in the River (1939) - Wendelin
Passion (1940) - Boddin
Alarm (1941) - Feinmechaniker Stülken
Paracelsus (1943) - Der Magister
Somewhere in Berlin (1946) - Waldemar Hunke
Scandal at the Embassy (1950) - Inspector Kick
House of Life (1952) - Der Verführer (uncredited)
Hocuspocus (1953) - Diener
The Mill in the Black Forest (1953)
The Cornet (1955) - Großwesir
Magic Fire (1956) - Pfistermeister
Der Frosch mit der Maske (1959) - Ezra Maitland
The Crimson Circle (1960) - Froyant
The Terrible People (1960) - Lord Godley Long
The Black Sheep (1960) - Lord Kingsley
The Strange Countess (1961) - Lawyer Shaddle
The Puzzle of the Red Orchid (1962) - Tanner
Das schwarz-weiß-rote Himmelbett (1962) - Pfarrer / Parson
Erotikon - Karussell der Leidenschaften (1963) - Der Schloßverwalter
Praetorius (1965) - Shunderson
Lina Braake (1975) - Gustaf Haertlein
Dorothea Merz (1976, TV film) - Der alte Merz
References
External links
Photographs and literature
1891 births
1976 deaths
20th-century German male actors
German male film actors
German male silent film actors
People from Bayreuth
Deaths from cancer in Germany | {'title': 'Fritz Rasp', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Rasp', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Azerbaijan participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song "Hold Me" written by Dimitris Kontopoulos, John Ballard and Ralph Charlie. The song was performed by Farid Mammadov. The Azerbaijani entry for the 2013 contest in Malmö, Sweden was selected through Milli Seçim Turu 2013, organised by the Azerbaijani broadcaster İctimai Television (İTV). Following eight semi-finals and a final on 14 March 2013, a six-member jury selected "Hold Me" performed by Farid Mammadov as the winner.
Azerbaijan was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 16 May 2013. Performing during the show in position 4, "Hold Me" was announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 18 May. It was later revealed that Azerbaijan placed first out of the 17 participating countries in the semi-final with 139 points. In the final, Azerbaijan performed in position 20 and placed second out of the 26 participating countries, scoring 234 points.
Background
Prior to the 2013 contest, Azerbaijan had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest five times since its first entry in . Azerbaijan had won the contest on one occasion in 2011 with the song "Running Scared" performed by Ell and Nikki. Since their debut in 2008, Azerbaijan has had a string of successful results, qualifying to the final and placing in the top ten each year, including a third-place result in 2009 with the song "Always" performed by AySel and Arash. In 2012, Azerbaijan placed fourth with the song "When the Music Dies" performed by Sabina Babayeva.
The Azerbaijani national broadcaster, İctimai Television (İTV), broadcasts the event within Azerbaijan and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. İTV confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest on 21 September 2012. Azerbaijan had used various methods to select the Azerbaijani entry in the past, including internal selections as well as national finals to select both the artist and song. In 2011 and 2012, Azerbaijan organized a national final titled Milli Seçim Turu, which resulted in the selection of a winning performer that would subsequently be given an internally selected song to perform at Eurovision. The procedure was continued for the selection of their 2013 entry, however the 2013 edition of Milli Seçim Turu selected both the artist and song that represented Azerbaijan.
Before Eurovision
Milli Seçim Turu 2013
Milli Seçim Turu 2013 was the national final organised by İTV that selected the Azerbaijani entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2013. The competition consisted of nine shows that commenced on 17 December 2012 and concluded with a winning artist and song on 14 March 2013. All shows were broadcast on İTV as well as streamed online via the broadcaster's website itv.az. The final was also streamed online at the official Eurovision Song Contest website eurovision.tv and broadcast in Turkey on TRT Müzik.
Format
The national final consisted of two stages. The first stage involved interested artists attending auditions after submitting applications between 15 and 25 October 2012. 70 artists selected from 128 applicants advanced to the second stage, the televised shows. Nine shows including eight semi-finals between 17 December 2012 and 8 March 2013 selected a total of ten artists that would advance to the final on 14 March 2013. In the final, the winner was selected from the remaining ten artists.
The results of the semi-finals were determined by the 50/50 combination of votes from public televoting and a six-member jury panel. Each semi-final took place across five days where the artists each performed cover versions of various songs in order to showcase their voice, dance ability and stage presence: world hits on Monday, Azerbaijani songs on Tuesday, Eurovision hits on Wednesday, songs with special focus on performance on Thursday and one of the songs performed during the previous four days on Friday when the results were also announced. For each of the eight shows, the public was able to cast their votes through telephone or SMS over the five days. In the final, the jury selected the Azerbaijani Eurovision entry after each of the finalists performed their candidate Eurovision song written by local and international songwriters.
The members of the jury were:
Ismail Omarov – General Director of İTV
Tunzale Agayeva – singer and composer
Rashad Hashimov – composer
Zulfiyya Khanbabayeva – singer
Zahra Badalbayli – musician and poet
Manzar Nuraliyeva – representative of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan
Shows
Semi-finals
The eight semi-finals took place between 17 December 2012 and 8 March 2013 at the İTV studios in Baku, hosted by Leyla Aliyeva and Konul Arifkizi. Uzeyir Guliyev only participated in the first four days of the eighth semi-final and therefore was disqualified from the competition. The remaining 69 artists each performed cover versions of various songs over five days and a total of ten artists were selected to advance to the final based on the results of a public televote and a jury.
Final
The final took place on 14 March 2013 at the Buta Palace in Baku, hosted by Leyla Aliyeva and Tural Asadov. The remaining ten artists each performed their candidate Eurovision song and "Hold Me" performed by Farid Mammadov was selected by the jury as the winner. In addition to the performances of the artists, the National Music Group, Tunzale Agayeva, Chingiz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani Eurovision Song Contest 2011 winner Eldar Gasimov and 2012 Azerbaijani Eurovision entrant Sabina Babayeva performed during the show as guests.
Promotion
Farid Mammadov made several appearances across Europe to specifically promote "Hold Me" as the Azerbaijani Eurovision entry. On 7 April, Mammadov took part in promotional activities in Greece where he appeared during the Alpha TV morning show programme Mes Tin Kali Hara and performed at a Eurovision party which was organised by oikotimes.com and held at the NOIZ Club in Athens. Between 14 and 15 April, Mammadov took part in promotional activities in Lithuania where he appeared and performed during the LRT programme Labas rytas, Lietuva and the TV3 show Chorų karai. Between 26 and 27 April, Mammadov appeared during the TVM talk show programmes Ħadd Għalik and Xarabank in Malta. On 29 April, Mammadov completed promotional activities in Georgia. In light of Turkey's refusal to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013, Farid Mammadov released a Turkish version of "Hold Me" on 13 May, titled "Bana Dönsen", in order to dedicate the song to his fans from Turkey.
At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 17 January 2013, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Azerbaijan was placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 16 May 2013, and was scheduled to perform in the first half of the show.
Once all the competing songs for the 2013 contest had been released, the running order for the semi-finals was decided by the shows' producers rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other. Azerbaijan was set to perform in position 4, following the entry from Macedonia and before the entry from Finland.
The two semi-finals and final were broadcast in Azerbaijan on İTV with commentary by Konul Arifgizi. The Azerbaijani spokesperson, who announced the Azerbaijani votes during the final, was Tamilla Shirinova.
Semi-final
Farid Mammadov took part in technical rehearsals on 8 and 11 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 15 and 16 May. This included the jury show on 15 May where the professional juries of each country watched and voted on the competing entries.
The Azerbaijani performance featured Farid Mammadov dressed in a grey shirt with grey vest and trousers performing with two dancers: one male dressed in black and one female in a red dress with a 20 meter-long train. The male dancer, which conveyed the idea of Mammadov's shadow, performed an acrobatic routine in a transparent glass box filled with pink petals that served as a podium for Mammadov in the first part of the song, while the female dancer, who appeared later, played the role of love. The stage colours were purple and pink, which symbolised the passion within the song and the performance. In regards to the performance, director Fokas Evangelinos stated: "The glass box symbolises the logic in our lives. But, inside logic there's a whole another world, full of passion, emotions, and love. When you're in love, sometimes you may find your life and soul upside down." The dancers that joined Farid Mammadov on stage were Alexander Kuzmenko and Iyrine Nevmyvanaya. An additional three off-stage backing vocalists were also part of the performance: Alvaro Estrella, Fernando Fuentes and Jennie Jahns.
At the end of the show, Azerbaijan was announced as having finished in the top 10 and subsequently qualifying for the grand final. It was later revealed that Azerbaijan placed first in the semi-final, receiving a total of 139 points.
Final
Shortly after the second semi-final, a winners' press conference was held for the ten qualifying countries. As part of this press conference, the qualifying artists took part in a draw to determine which half of the grand final they would subsequently participate in. This draw was done in the order the countries appeared in the semi-final running order. Azerbaijan was drawn to compete in the second half. Following this draw, the shows' producers decided upon the running order of the final, as they had done for the semi-finals. Azerbaijan was subsequently placed to perform in position 20, following the entry from Iceland and before the entry from Greece.
Farid Mammadov once again took part in dress rehearsals on 17 and 18 May before the final, including the jury final where the professional juries cast their final votes before the live show. Farid Mammadov performed a repeat of his semi-final performance during the final on 18 May. At the conclusion of the voting, Azerbaijan finished in second place with 234 points.
Marcel Bezençon Awards
The Marcel Bezençon Awards, first awarded during the 2002 contest, are awards honouring the best competing songs in the final each year. Named after the creator of the annual contest, Marcel Bezençon, the awards are divided into 3 categories: the Press Award, given to the best entry as voted on by the accredited media and press during the event; the Artistic Award, presented to the best artist as voted on by the shows' commentators; and the Composer Award, given to the best and most original composition as voted by the participating composers. Farid Mammadov was awarded the Artistic Award, which was accepted at the awards ceremony by Farid Mammadov.
Voting
Voting during the three shows consisted of 50 percent public televoting and 50 percent from a jury deliberation. The jury consisted of five music industry professionals who were citizens of the country they represent. This jury was asked to judge each contestant based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury could be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently.
Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that Azerbaijan had placed third with the public televote and second with the jury vote in the final. In the public vote, Azerbaijan received an average rank of 5.86, while with the jury vote, Azerbaijan received an average rank of 7.77. In the second semi-final, Azerbaijan placed third with the public televote with an average rank of 5.28 and second with the jury vote with an average rank of 4.60.
Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Azerbaijan and awarded by Azerbaijan in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Malta in the semi-final and to Ukraine in the final of the contest.
Points awarded to Azerbaijan
Points awarded by Azerbaijan
References
External links
İctimai TV — Official Page
2013
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013
Eurovision | {'title': 'Azerbaijan in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan%20in%20the%20Eurovision%20Song%20Contest%202013', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Khlong Suan Phlu (, ) is a tambon (subdistrict) in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province.
History & toponymy
Its name "Khlong Suan Phlu" (literally means "betel plantation canal"), called after a khlong (canal) in the same name that crosses in the northwest part of the area. Khlong Suan Phlu is the old course of the Pa Sak River that begins at Hua Ro, and then turned towards the Hantra River and then pass Wat Phanan Choeng, where it is referred to as the "Khlong Suan Phlu". It is a waterway connects the Pa Sak and the Chao Phraya Rivers.
In the Ayutthaya period, a large number of waterways and ditches were dug. Khlong Suan Phlu (otherwise known as Khlong Phai Ling or Nam Mae Bia) was one of them.
Historically, Khlong Suan Phlu area was a large Chinese community. The Chao Phraya River near the canal mouth, it was the location of the houseboats of the Chinese immigrants. This area was believed to be the another mooring point for Chinese junk in the heart of Ayutthaya. Nowadays, the only surviving evidence that it used to be a Chinatown is a Chinese waterfront shrine that is more than 600 years old.
Geography
Khlong Suan Phlu covers 6.68 square kilometers (2.58 sq mi). The area is a suburb Ayutthaya and quasi-rural.
Its terrain is a floodplain, therefore suitable for farming.
It is bordered by Kamang and Phai Ling Subdistricts in its district to the north, Khan Ham Subdistrict in Uthai District to the east, Ko Rian Subdistrict in its district and Ban Krot Subdistrict in Bang Pa-in District to the south, and Ko Rian Subdistrict in its district to the west.
Administration
Khlong Suan Phlu is administered by two local government bodies: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya City Municipality and Ayothaya Town Municipality.
It is also subdivided into three muban (village)
Economy
Khlong Suan Phlu is famous for hotels and resorts offer spa and Thai massage services for guests or the general public.
Places of interest
Place of worship
Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon
Shopping malls
Central Ayutthaya
Ayutthaya City Park
Transportation
Highway 32 (often colloquially known as Asian Highway) is a main thoroughfare.
Products
Roti sai mai
Artificial flowers
Wood carving product
Notes
References
Tambon of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province | {'title': 'Khlong Suan Phlu subdistrict', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khlong%20Suan%20Phlu%20subdistrict', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
HMS Brunswick was a 74-gun third rate ship-of-the-line of the Royal Navy, launched on 30 April 1790 at Deptford. She was first commissioned in the following month under Sir Hyde Parker for the Spanish Armament but was not called into action. When the Russian Armament was resolved without conflict in August 1791, Brunswick took up service as a guardship in Portsmouth Harbour. She joined Richard Howe's Channel Fleet at the outbreak of the French Revolutionary War and was present at the battle on Glorious First of June where she fought a hard action against the French 74-gun Vengeur du Peuple. Brunswick was in a small squadron under William Cornwallis that encountered a large French fleet in June 1795. The British ships successfully retreated into the Atlantic through a combination of good seamanship, good fortune and deceiving the enemy.
After a five-year spell in the West Indies, Brunswick returned home and was refitted at Portsmouth. In 1807, when Denmark was under threat from a French invasion, Brunswick was part of a task force, under overall command of James Gambier, sent to demand the surrender of the Danish fleet. When the Danes refused to comply, Brunswick joined in with an attack on the capital, Copenhagen. She returned to the Baltic some months later, following the Treaty of Tilsit and, while attached to Richard Goodwin Keats' squadron, she helped with the evacuation of 10,000 Spanish troops from the region. From 1812 Brunswick was on harbour service, and in 1826 she was broken up.
Construction and armament
Brunswick was a 74-gun, third-rate ship-of-the-line ordered on 7 January 1785. She was the first of her type built following the American Revolutionary war and was significantly larger than previous 74s. The Admiralty approved the design on 10 January 1785 and work began in May 1786 when her keel, of was laid down at Deptford. When finished, she was along the gun deck, had a beam of and a depth in the hold of . She was 1,828 tons burthen and drew between and .
The ship was initially designed to carry a main battery of twenty-eight guns on the lower deck and thirty on the upper deck, with a secondary armament of twelve guns on the quarter deck and four on the forecastle. She was launched on 30 April 1790 and taken down the Thames to Woolwich where she was fitted-out between 17 May and 18 June. Her build and first fitting cost the Admiralty £47,781.0.0d.
In December 1806, Brunswick's armament was changed so that all her guns fired a shot. This meant that the guns on the lower deck were downgraded while those on the upperdeck were upgraded. The guns on the forecastle were replaced with two 24-pounder long guns and four 24-pounder carronades, and on the quarter deck, the twelve 9-pounders were removed to make way for two long guns and ten carronades, all 24-pounders. The great guns on the upper decks were mounted on Gover carriages which enabled them to be handled by fewer men.
Career
Brunswicks first captain, Sir Hyde Parker, was appointed in May 1790 during the Spanish Armament. At the end of that year he was superseded by Sir Roger Curtis, under whom Brunswick spent most of 1791 at Spithead until the settlement of the Russian Armament, without hostility, in late August. She then paid off, but was immediately recommissioned to serve as a guardship in Portsmouth Harbour, and continued in that role through 1792, except for a brief period spent in the "Evolution Squadron". On 29 October 1792, three condemned mutineers of the Mutiny on the Bounty were hanged from her yardarms.
Following the outbreak of the French Revolutionary War, Captain John Harvey took command of Brunswick, and saw service in the Channel Fleet under the overall command of Admiral Earl Howe. As part of this fleet, on 2May 1794, she accompanied the East and West India and Newfoundland convoys along the Channel as far as Lizard Point. Howe then divided his force, sending eight ships-of-the-line and four or five frigates to escort the convoys further while the remaining 26 ships-of-the-line, including Brunswick, set off to search for a large Franco-American grain convoy known to be heading for France.
Howe realised that the French fleet at Brest would be detailed to escort the grain convoy through hostile waters. Having had two frigates confirm that the French fleet was still in port, Howe attempted to intercept the convoy in advance by placing his ships where he thought an encounter most likely. After thirteen days of searching however, the British fleet returned on 19May, to find the fleet in Brest gone. It had in fact passed close by the British ships, in thick fog, two days previously on 17 May. On the evening of 19 May, Howe's fleet fell in with the fifth-rate , which had been attached to Rear-Admiral Sir George Montagu's squadron. Also searching for the convoy, Montagu had been cruising between Cape Ortugal and Belle-Isle, but knowing he would be hopelessly outnumbered, he had sent Venus to locate Howe and ask for reinforcements. At 04:00 the next morning, Howe ordered all sail in an attempt to reach Montagu before the French. However, part of a Dutch convoy, which had been captured by the French on 19 May, was recaptured by the Howe's fleet on 21 May, and the former prisoners were able to provide information regarding the whereabouts of the French fleet. In light of this new information, Howe realised that Montagu was no longer in danger and altered course to pursue the French.
First of June
On 25 May a French ship was seen and followed, which after three days led the British to the main French fleet. Howe gave the order to prepare for battle at 09:45 on 28May and at 10:35 to form into two columns. In an attempt to force an action, some of the fastest ships were sent to attack the French rear, which they did throughout the day, both causing and receiving some damage. The two fleets came together on 29May, and a limited engagement took place that petered out and became a general chase after an attempt to cut the French line was mistimed. Thick fog prevented any further action for the next two days.
The weather cleared on the morning of 1 June, and both fleets were drawn up line ahead, sailing in the same direction, Brunswick in the centre, immediately behind Hood's flagship, the first-rate and in front of . At around 08:15 the order was given for each ship to bear down upon and engage her opposite number. Brunswick was one of three ships Howe signalled to put on more sail. The tardiness of Brunswick and the 74-gun , on the other side of Queen Charlotte, meant that Howe found himself battling one 120-gun and two 80-gun ships simultaneously. Gibraltar was, however, able to stop a fourth enemy ship, the first-rate Républicain, from joining in, by bringing down her main and mizzen masts from a distance, while Brunswick, having made all sail as directed, was close enough to draw the fire of the Vengeur du Peuple. Unable to pass astern, Harvey had his ship come hard alongside and the two became locked together; the Brunswick's anchors fouling on Vengeur's fore-shrouds and channels. When asked whether they should attempt to cut Brunswick free, Harvey replied, "No, we have got her and we will keep her". The British, prevented from opening their lower gun ports by the pressure exerted by the hull of Vengeur du Peuple, simply shot through them and the two ships drifted out of the line as they exchanged broadsides.
A while later, at 11:00, a second French ship, Achille, attempted to join the action but Brunswick shot away her only remaining mast, which fell over the side and obstructed her guns. Unable to return fire or manoeuvre, she was forced to strike. When it became apparent that she could not be taken possession of, Achille spread her spritsail, rehoisted her colours and tried to make her escape. Henry Harvey in then sailed to his brother's aid; raking Vengeur du Peuple twice and forcing the two ships apart, before turning to secure Achille.
By the end of the action, Vengeur had sunk from the damage inflicted by Brunswick and six other French ships had been captured. The remainder escaped. In the three engagements, it was estimated that French casualties were between 3,000 and 7,000 dead and wounded, while British losses were recorded as 290 dead and 858 wounded. Brunswick had been badly damaged; she had lost her mizzen mast completely, her yards were shattered and her sails and rigging had been shot away, 23 guns had been dismounted, she had been on fire three times and her starboard quarter gallery was missing. She drifted away to leeward of the retreating enemy fleet, but made all available sail to head northward for the safety of a home port. Having had 45 killed and 114 wounded, including Captain Harvey who died of the wounds later, Brunswick had suffered the highest casualty toll of any Royal Navy ship present at the battle. After Harvey had been carried below, Lieutenant William Edward Cracraft was made acting captain. Despite his own ship's condition, when the dismasted French ship Jemmapes was encountered, at 15:00, Cracraft had Brunswick hove to with the intention of engaging. Jemmapes however indicated that she had already struck.
Operations off Belle Ile
In 1795, Brunswick, under Captain Lord Charles Fitzgerald, was attached to William Cornwallis's squadron in the Channel. On the morning of 8 June, Cornwallis' force comprising five ships-of-the-line, two frigates and a small brig-sloop, was cruising southwards along the Breton coast and past the Penmarck Rocks, when at 10:30, HMS Triumph signalled the presence of six sails to the north-east. Cornwallis turned his squadron to investigate and discovered the ships were part of a large merchant convoy, escorted by three ships-of-the-line and six or seven frigates under the overall command of Contre-Amiral Jean Gaspard Vence. At first, the convoy sailed towards Cornwallis's squadron, believing it to be French. When the mistake was realised, at 12:00, Vence ordered his ships towards Belle Île, where they could shelter beneath the gun batteries. Cornwallis sent his fastest ships ahead, to engage the trailing ships of the convoy and try to force an action but, despite taking eight prizes, they were not able to do so.
Prevented from pressing their attack by the shoal waters and batteries, the British anchored in the Palais Road, close to the island, where they remained until the following evening. On 9 June, they sailed into the Bay of Biscay and around Ushant headland, reaching the Scilly Isles on 11 June. The eight brigs taken off Belle Ile and two American vessels captured after, were at that point, sent into Spithead under escort off the 18-gun . The remaining ships turned back towards Belle Île, in the hope that by then, Vence's squadron would be in open water.
On 15 June, Vence's squadron was sailing off the island of Groix, when it encountered a French fleet under Villaret de Joyeuse, which had sailed from Brest on 12 June and comprised nine ships-of-the-line, nine frigates (including two ships of the line razeed into 50-gun frigates) and four corvettes. The two forces joined and turned north. On 16 June, the French fleet was off Penmarck Point when, at 10:30, Cornwallis's squadron was spotted to the north-west. Cornwallis was anticipating Vence's merchant convoy which had arrived at its destination some days previous, and did not immediately understand the danger his squadron was in. , having been sent ahead to investigate, added to the confusion when she signalled to Cornwallis that the French fleet contained 30 vessels, but did not return. This caused Cornwallis to take the signal to mean that the French ships, while more numerous, were inferior in strength.
At 11:00, seeing that Cornwallis was still advancing, Phaeton signalled the exact composition of Villaret's fleet. The British squadron, now realising the danger, turned away to the south-west, with Brunswick leading the line and the French in pursuit. Having followed the British out into the Atlantic, at 14:00, Villaret's fleet divided with one part sailing north to cut Cornwallis off, while the other maintained its course to the south. By 18:00 the northern squadron had overhauled the British who found themselves directly between the two French divisions, no more than from each.
The chase continued into the night with Brunswick and struggling to keep station. In an effort to increase their speed, the two ships jettisoned their anchors, boats and much of their provisions. Bellerophon was sailing so slowly that her captain, James Cranstoun, ordered four carronades and a large amount of roundshot to be thrown over the side. At 09:00, Zélé, the leading French ship in the windward squadron was close enough to open to fire on the British rearguard ship, . The action was soon joined by the 40-gun frigate Virginie which came up on Mars port quarter. Concerned that Bellerophon, which was close by, might lose a sail, a loss she could not sustain, Cornwallis ordered and to drop back and allow Bellerophon to join Brunswick at the front. This reorganisation of the line slowed the entire squadron and put all the ships in range of the French vanguard. The British cut holes in the stern planks of their ships to allow more cannon to be trained on Villaret's advancing fleet. This tactic appeared to be successful, and at 13:30, the leading French ship was forced to fall back when she lost her main topgallant mast.
The French continued their attack on the British rear and, after a further four hours, Mars began to fall away to leeward. Seeing this, Royal Sovereign and Triumph yawed, raking the four French ships heading to cut her off and take possession of her. This action caused the French ships to haul to wind and Mars was able to rejoin her squadron. A more distant engagement then took place which petered out just after 18:30 when the French broke off the attack and turned away to the east. Phaeton, some miles ahead, had spent all day signalling to an imaginary fleet over the horizon. By coincidence at 18:00 four small sail appeared in the distance which, coupled with Phaeton's ruse de guerre was enough to convince Villaret that the British fleet was arriving.
Service in the West Indies
Later in June 1795, William Browell became Brunswick's captain and she served as the flagship of Rear-Admiral Richard Rodney Bligh. She sailed to the Windward Islands the following year, carrying Bligh who had been appointed second in command there. She arrived at Martinique in September but then immediately left for Jamaica; Bligh having received orders to take command of that station until the arrival of Hyde Parker.
In 1797, Brunswick was in the Leeward Islands under captain William Gordon Rutherford. While cruising with her squadron, between 26 June and 21 July 1797, Brunswick captured a Spanish schooner on its way from St Domingo to Jamaica and detained a vessel under Danish colours which was travelling between St Thomas and New Orleans. In the following three months, she took a second Spanish schooner, out of La Guaira, a Danish schooner bound for Charleston and a Danish brig on its way to St Thomas. American and Spanish brigs were taken between the end of 1799 and the following February. Another Spanish schooner was apprehended between February and May 1800.
In September Brunswick returned to England and paid off. She was refitted at Portsmouth between February and April the following year.
Attack on Copenhagen
In 1807, with Denmark under threat from Napoleon's forces, Brunswick took part in an expedition to prevent the Danish fleet falling into French hands. Following the defeat of Prussia in December 1806, Denmark's continuing independence looked increasingly fragile. It was feared that Denmark, under pressure from France, might deny Britain access to the Baltic Sea, something the British believed vital for trade as well as being a major source of the raw materials required for building and maintaining their warships. Brunswick was one of 17 ships-of-the-line, together with 21 smaller vessels, sent to demand the surrender of the Danish fleet. Under overall command of James Gambier, the British fleet left Great Yarmouth on 26 July. On arrival off Gothenburg, on 1 August, Gambier despatched four ships-of-the-line and two frigates to guard the Great Belt and stop reinforcements being brought in from Holstein, where a Danish army of 24,000 was camped. Brunswick remained with the main force. Over the next twelve days more ships arrived, swelling the British force to 25 ships-of-the-line, 40 smaller warships, and 377 transports carrying 27,000 troops.
On 10 August, having refused initial demands by the British, the Danes made further preparations to defend their city – already heavily fortified with 174 guns of 24 and 36lb, and 25 of the largest calibre mortars available. Additionally, and separate from the fleet moored in the harbour, a 64-gun blockship guarded the entrance with four 20-gun prames, two floating batteries and 25–30 gunboats. There were 5,500 troops stationed in Copenhagen and around 3,000 sailors. A contingent of 3,500 armed civilians also remained but the rest of the population was evacuated, while negotiations with the British continued.
Although no formal state of war existed at the time, on 13 August, a seventy-four and a sloop of war from Gambier's fleet pursued and, eventually, engaged and captured the Danish frigate, . On 16 August the King of Denmark ordered that all British vessels should be seized and detained; and on 17 August, Danish gunboats left the harbour and set fire to an English merchant barque. The British landed a contingent of troops 12 miles north of the city on 16 August, the fleet returning to Copenhagen later the following day, where Gambier issued a retaliatory proclamation that all Danish vessels were to be detained. Brunswick was soon in accord through the capture of two enemy craft. Further skirmishes occurred between 18–21 August while the British landed their remaining troops, invested the island with their ships and instituted a close blockade. As the troops moved to lay siege to the city and construct batteries, they received heavy fire from Danish gunboats, which in turn were harassed by the smaller ships from the British fleet.
By 1 September, the French had arrived at Strasland and Gambier was obliged to send more of his ships to blockade the port and prevent the passage of reinforcements to Zealand. Having now completed batteries for 48 mortars and howitzers plus twenty 24lb long guns, the commander of the British army, William Cathcart, and Gambier made a final appeal to the Danes, this time offering to return the ships at the end of hostilities. An agreement could not be reached, however, and the following day the British opened fire on the city. The bombardment continued, on and off, until 5 September, during which time much of the city had been destroyed. The terms of the capitulation were ratified on 7 September and the British occupied the city while the ships of the Danish fleet were either removed or destroyed. Of the prizes taken, 18 were ships-of-the-line, 10 were frigates and 14 were sloops-of-war, including . In addition, 25 gunboats were confiscated.
Return to the Baltic
Following the Treaty of Tilsit, Russia became an enemy of the United Kingdom and Sweden, and in May 1808, Brunswick was sent back to the Baltic; part of a fleet, under James Saumarez. While attached to Richard Goodwin Keats' squadron in August, Brunswick assisted in the evacuation of 10,000 Spanish troops from the region. Initially fighting for Napoleon in Northern Germany and Denmark, the Spaniards had changed allegiance following the occupation of their country by the French. Keats in , accompanied by Brunswick, and five or six smaller vessels were in close proximity at the time and were contacted by the Spanish commander-in-chief, the Marquis de la Romana, with a view to joining forces. On 9 August a plan was formulated for the Spaniards to seize the fort and town of Nyborg, allowing Keats' squadron to take possession of the port and organise the evacuation. The Danes were informed that, providing they did not interfere with the operation, the town would be spared. All were in agreement except for the captains of a 16-gun brig and a 12-gun cutter, who positioned their vessels across the harbour entrance. These were captured by British sailors in a cutting-out expedition and taken into service as and . Prevented from taken his squadron into the harbour by contrary winds, Keats had 57 local boats loaded with the Spaniards' stores and artillery and taken to Slipshavn, four miles to the south-east, where, on 11 August, the troops were able to embark.
Fate
In 1812 Brunswick was on harbour service, and she was broken up in 1826.
Notes
References
Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .
External links
Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1790 ships | {'title': 'HMS Brunswick (1790)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Brunswick%20%281790%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Greater Ministries International was an Evangelical Christian ministry that ran a Ponzi scheme in an affinity fraud that had taken nearly 500 million dollars from 18,000 people by the time it was shut down by federal authorities in August 1999. Headed by Gerald Payne in Tampa, Florida, the ministry bribed church leaders around the United States. Payne and other church elders promised the church members double their money back in 17 months or fewer, citing Biblical scripture. However, nearly all the money was lost and hidden away. Church leaders received prison sentences ranging from 12 years to 27 years.
The group had ties to Stayton, Oregon-based Embassy of Heaven, run by Glen Stoll, which was later closed by the Justice Department.
Their group founded a newspaper, the "Greater Bible College" in Tampa, a line of "Greater Live" herbal remedies, cancer treatments ("We actually pull the cancer right out of your stomach", Payne claimed.), a supplement called "Beta 1, 3rd Glucan" (to survive "end-times plagues",) and plans for "Greater Lands", an independent country (an "Ecclesiastical Domain ... similar to the Vatican") where other governments would have no jurisdiction.
In popular culture
In 2007, the first story on the episode "Religious Prey: Greater Ministries Int'l / It Takes a Thief", of the television series American Greed, covered the fraudulent criminal actions of Greater Ministries International, including a prison interview with Gerald Payne insisting that God Himself was still going to refund all the stolen funds.
References
External links
www.greater-ministries.com (archived)
Injunctions/press releases
Ohio Division of Securities Obtains Injunction, August 24, 1999
Pennsylvania Injunction, 1999
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, February 19, 2002
Articles
Whitfield, David v. U.S. / Hall, Haywood v. U.S.
Pyramid and Ponzi schemes
Religious scandals | {'title': 'Greater Ministries International', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater%20Ministries%20International', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Giulio Carpioni (1613 – 29 January 1678) was an Italian painter and etcher of the early Baroque era.
Life
Born probably in Venice, Carpioni studied under Alessandro Varotari (il Padovanino) and was also influenced by the work of Simone Cantarini, Carlo Saraceni and Jean Leclerc. He came into contact with Lombard art after a brief visit to Bergamo in 1631. In 1638 he settled in Vicenza and executed most of his work there.
Work
He painted history and bacchanals, and also sacred subjects of a small size, many of which are to be seen in the churches in the Venetian states. Paintings by him may be seen in the Galleries of Augsburg, Dresden, Vienna, Modena, and Florence. He was also an etcher; his best plates being St. Anthony of Padua, Christ on the Mount of Olives, The Virgin reading, and The Virgin with Rosary. He died at Verona. Carlo Carpioni, his son, was also a painter.
Among his important works are the Apotheosis of the Dolfin family (1647) and the Allegory of the Grimani Family (1651), and altarpiece of Sant'Antonio da Padova, a Virgin and two saints, and a Triumph of Silenus in the Gallerie dell'Accademia of Venice. He painted a series of canvases for the Oratory of San Nicola da Tolentino in Vicenza.
It is believed that he collaborated with other painters such as Francesco Caldei who added still life elements or animals in his compositions. An example is the pair of allegories of Touch and Smell (private collection) in which Caldei painted the flowers in an urn and Carpioni painted the rest.
Selected works
Crucifixion (1648, Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice).
Apollo and Marsyas (Private Collection).
Neptune Pursuing Coronis (Uffizi Gallery, Florence)
Liriope bringing Narcissus before Tiresias (Private Collection)
Banquet of the Gods (attributed, Querini-Stampalia Gallery, Venice
References
External links
Sources
Calabi, A. "The Etchings of Giulio Carpioni." The Print Collector’s Quarterly (1924) Vol. 11 : 133–161. Entries: 14.
1613 births
1678 deaths
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Italian Baroque painters
Republic of Venice artists | {'title': 'Giulio Carpioni', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio%20Carpioni', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Cercanías Valencia () is the commuter rail service that serves Valencia, Spain, and its metropolitan area. It is operated by Cercanías Renfe, the commuter rail division of RENFE, the former monopoly of rail services in Spain. The network is owned by Adif, the national railway infrastructure company.
The Cercanías Valencia network includes six lines, of track and 66 stations.
Network and stations
The system has six radial lines to and from the city centre. Each line is colour-coded on maps and timetables.
Stations are in six concentric zones numbered 1–6. Zone 1 covers the city centre and Zone 6 includes the stations at the end of each line except C-4 which ends in Zone 1. The system's main interchange stations are at Valencia Nord, Sagunt and Silla.
Lines C-1, C-2, C-3, C-5 and C-6 terminate at Valencia Nord; line C-4 terminates at Valencia Sant Isidre. MetroValencia lines 1 and 5 connect the Nord and Sant Isidre stations.
Services
CIVIS
CIVIS services run on lines C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-6. These are semi-fast services which only call at selected stations; typically they run into Valencia in the morning peak and out of Valencia in the evening peak.
Tickets and fares
All tickets are priced according to the station zones.
As of June 2019, single fares range from € 1.80 for one zone to € 5.80 for all six zones. Return fares range from € 3.60 to € 11.60.
The "Tarjeta Dorada" provides a 40% discount on single and return fares to all passengers aged 60 or over, students, passengers with disabilities and others.
Rolling stock
Cercanías Valencia trains are operated by three classes of rolling stock:
Future expansion
City Centre tunnel
As part of the Valencia Parque Central project, the rail line leading to Valencia Nord station will be put underground and the station renamed València Central. A tunnel linking it to Valencia-Cabanyal station will also be built, with two Cercanías stations in the new tunnel called Aragó and Universitat.
Tren de la Costa
The Tren de la Costa proposes a new rail line linking Valencia to Alicante via coastal towns as an extension of C-1, into which a study was produced in 2016.
References
External links
Official site (English)
Cercanías
Rail transport in Valencia
Rail transport in the Valencian Community | {'title': 'Cercanías Valencia', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercan%C3%ADas%20Valencia', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The International Bar-B-Q Festival is an event held in Owensboro, Kentucky, every second weekend in May since 1979, except 2020 when it was cancelled. The festival provides an opportunity for sampling many varieties of barbecued meats, including chicken, mutton, and burgoo. Cooking teams compete for the Governor's Cup, awarded to the team judged to have the best barbecued cuisine. Other attractions include square dancing, musical performances, and arts and crafts. The Kentucky Department of Tourism recently (in 2006) projected an expected attendance of 85,000 for the festival.
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 caused the festival to go on hiatus until May 2021, when strict measures will be undertaken hereafter, such as social distancing and wearing masks.
See also
Cuisine of Kentucky
References
External links
International Bar-B-Q Festival Home Page
Commemorative Coca-Cola bottle for 20th anniversary of the festival
Pictures from the festival featured in Southern Living Magazine
Festival featured by the Travel Channel
Festivals established in 1979
Festivals in Kentucky
Owensboro, Kentucky
Barbecue
Tourist attractions in Daviess County, Kentucky
1979 establishments in Kentucky
Food and drink festivals in the United States | {'title': 'International Bar-B-Q Festival', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Bar-B-Q%20Festival', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Leipzig school was a branch of sociology developed by a group of academics led by philosopher and sociologist Hans Freyer at the University of Leipzig, Germany in the 1930s.
Freyer saw Nazism as an opportunity; many of his followers were politically active Nazis. They included Arnold Gehlen, Gunter Ipsen, Heinz Maus, Karl Heinz Pfeffer, and Helmut Schelsky.
The National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) did not allow any competing ideologies to develop in universities; however, some of the Leipzig School group remained at the university until 1945. Their numbers declined as some emigrated (Günther) or made a career in the Third Reich (Gehlen, Ipsen, Pfeffer), and before the war ended, Freyer himself left to take up a teaching position at the University of Budapest.
In Indo-Germanic studies, the Leipzig School also refers to the researchers around Karl Brugmann and August Leskien in the last third of the 19th century, who were called Junggrammatists.
External links
Dr. Elfriede Üner, sociologist -- key areas of research: Leipzig School / Hans Freyer
Further reading
Peter Bernhard: The Leipzig School in Dessau. In: Olaf Thormann (Ed.): Bauhaus Saxony, Arnoldsche: Stuttgart 2019, ISBN 978-3-8979-553-5, p365–370.
Freyer/Gehlen/Schelsky (Die Leipziger Schule), article by Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, in Klassiker der Soziologie Bd.2, Beck´sche Reihe 1999. Published by Dirk Kaesler.
Soziologische Denktraditionen Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, 2001.
Leipzig School
Leipzig University
References | {'title': 'Leipzig school (sociology)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig%20school%20%28sociology%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Oxaya anticline is a large north-south aligned anticline and buckle in the Chilean Andes west of the Altiplano Plateau. The anticline is about 60 km long. The anticline constitutes a watershed for smaller streams but is crossed along its short axis by the larger Azapa and Lluta rivers. A series of normal faults and associated grabens exists on top of the Oxaya anticline. These faults have the same NNW-SSE orientation as the long axis of the anticline. The Oxaya anticline developed from the Miocene onwards as a direct or indirect response to east-west shortening of the South American plate in the context of the Andean orogeny.
Three models have been proposed to explain the anticline:
That it is a buckle fold with no associated shallow fault
That it is the result of movement along a west-vergent thrust fault system or fault-propagation fold
That it is a block rotated by a listric fault
The formations deformed by the anticline include Azapa, Huaylas and Oxaya Formation.
References
Anticlines
Geology of Arica y Parinacota Region
Neogene South America | {'title': 'Oxaya anticline', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxaya%20anticline', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Wellington is a civil parish in Kent County, New Brunswick, Canada.
For governance purposes it is divided between the towns of Champdoré and Grand-Bouctouche, the village of Five Rivers, and the incorporated rural community of Beausoleil, all of which are members of the Kent Regional Service Commission, and the Buctouche 16 Indian reserve, which is not.
Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between the town of Bouctouche, the Indian reserve, the incorporated rural community of Cocagne, and the local service districts of Grand Saint-Antoine, Sainte-Anne-de-Kent and the parish of Wellington, which included areas with enhanced services named Bouctouche Cove, Desroches, Dixon Point-Route 134, Wellington - Dixon Point-Route 134, and Saint-Grégoire. Bouctouche and Sainte-Anne-de-Kent became part of Grand-Bouctouche, Grand Saint-Antoine part of Champdoré, Cocagne part of Beaulsoleil, and the LSD of the parish of Wellington was split between all four new municipalities.
Origin of name
The parish was named for the Marquess of Wellington, British commander in the Peninsular War.
History
Wellington was erected in 1814 as part of Northumberland County from Newcastle Parish. It included modern Dundas and Sainte-Marie Parishes plus most of Saint-Paul Parish.
In 1827 Dundas was erected as its own parish, with the Mahalawodiac River forming the boundary between the two.
In 1828 the boundary with Dundas was altered, moved south to run along grant lines south of Després Road in the east and then straight west.
In 1862 the boundary with Dundas was altered to its modern course.
In 1867 Sainte-Marie was erected from the western part of Wellington, including modern Saint-Paul.
In 1871 the Renauds Mills area was returned from Sainte-Marie.
Boundaries
Wellington Parish is bounded:
on the north by the Chockpish River upstream as far as the mouth of the Rivière Chockpish-nord, then south 68º west to the Sainte-Marie Parish line slightly east of East Branch Road;
on the east by the Northumberland Strait;
on the southeast by a line beginning on the shore of Northumberland Strait near Bar-de-Cocagne, then running south 72º 30' west past Goudalie Road and crossing Renauds Mills Road twice before meeting the Sainte-Marie Parish line east of Saint-Antoine;
on the west by a line beginning south of Renauds Mills Road, east of Saint-Antoine, then northwesterly straight along grant lines to the Little Buctouche River, then downriver past the prolongation of Chemin Yvon-à-Fred, then northwesterly along to the rear line of a tier of grants straddling Kay Road and across a Crown reserved road that continues Chemin Alban-Légère, then northeasterly along the northwestern side of the Crown reserved road to the eastern line of a grant that runs along part of Dunlop Road, then northwesterly along the grant line to the Buctouche River, then across the river and up Mill Creek to a grant line on the prolongation of Deep Gully Road, then northwesterly along the grant line to Girouardville Road, then southwesterly along Girouardville Road to the southernmost corner of a grant at the corner of Girouardville Road and Mill Creek Road, then northwesterly along the western line of the grant and its prolongation to Mill Creek, then upstream to the eastern line of a grant on the eastern side of Black River Road, then northwesterly along the grant line to Saint-Maurice Road, then southwesterly along Saint-Maurice Road to the western line of a small grant opposite the end of Black River Road, then northwesterly along the grant line and its prolongation to the rear line of grants along the Arsenault Settlement Road, then northeasterly to the western line of a grant that includes the junction of East Branch Road and Arsenault Settlement Road, then north to the northern line of the parish;
including any islands in front of the parish.
Communities
Communities at least partly within the parish. bold indicates an incorporated municipality or Indian reserve
Bouctouche
Boisjoli
Buctouche-Sud
Girouardville
Saint-Jean-Baptiste
Buctouche 16
Caissie-Village
Chockpish
Cocagne
Bar-de-Cocagne
Ward Corner
Collette-Village
Côte-Sainte-Anne
Maria-de-Kent
McKees Mills
McNairn
Renauds Mills
Sainte-Anne-de-Kent
Saint-David
Saint-Édouard-de-Kent
Saint-François-de-Kent
Saint-Gabriel-de-Kent
Saint-Grégoire
Saint-Joseph-de-Kent
Saint-Maurice
Saint-Pierre-de-Kent
Saint-Thomas-de-Kent
Upper Saint-Maurice
Village-des-Arsenault
Village-Sainte-Croix
Village-Saint-Irénée
Bodies of water
Bodies of water at least partly within the parish.
Black River
Buctouche River
Chockpish River
Little Buctouche River
Mill Creek
Noel Creek
Northumberland Strait
Buctouche Bay
Buctouche Harbour
Fond de la Baie
Other notable places
Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish.
Bouctouche Aerodrome
Demographics
Parish population total does not include Bouctouche, Buctouche 16, and portion within Cocagne (after 2011)
Population
Population trend
Language
Mother tongue (2016)
See also
List of parishes in New Brunswick
Notes
References
Local service districts of Kent County, New Brunswick
Geography of Kent County, New Brunswick | {'title': 'Wellington Parish, New Brunswick', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington%20Parish%2C%20New%20Brunswick', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 340th Weapons Squadron is a United States Air Force unit assigned to the USAF Weapons School. It is stationed at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. The 340th is assigned to the 57th Wing, at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. The mission of the squadron is to provide Boeing B-52 Stratofortress instructional flying.
On 3 February 1942, Captain Paul Tibbets (of Enola Gay fame) was given command of a new squadron that would later become the 340th Bombardment Squadron. The 340th Bomb Squadron was involved in combat missions in both the European and Mediterranean theaters from 1942 through 1945. The most notable of these were the Operation Tidal Wave raids on Hitler’s largest oil refinery in Ploiești, Romania. During the Vietnam War, B-52 crews from the 340th BS participated in the Linebacker offensives over the skies of North Vietnam. In August 1990 the 340th deployed aircrews for Operation Desert Storm.
History
World War II
Established in early 1942 as a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bomb squadron; trained under Third Air Force in Florida. Deployed to European Theater of Operations (ETO) in mid-June 1942, being assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England. The squadron was one of the first B-17 heavy bomb squadrons in the ETO. During the summer of 1942, engaged in long range strategic bombardment of enemy military, transport and industrial targets, primarily in France and the Low Countries with limited fighter escorts.
Reassigned to the new Twelfth Air Force in England, being deployed to Algiers as part of the initial Operation Torch forces that arrived in North Africa. Squadron aircraft carried Triangle-O on tail. Engaged in bombardment of enemy targets in Algeria and Tunisia as part of the North African Campaign, and attacked enemy strong points around Tunis as part of the Tunisian Campaign. Continued heavy bomb missions of enemy targets in Sicily and Southern Italy and in late 1943 was reassigned to new Fifteenth Air Force formed in Southern Italy. From airfields around Foggia, conducted long-range strategic bombardment missions over Southern Europe and the Balkans of enemy targets until the German Capitulation in May 1945. Demobilized squadron personnel and aircraft were sent to the United States for reclamation in the fall of 1945; being inactivated in Italy in October.
Cold War
Reactivated in August 1946 under Strategic Air Command. Equipped with B-29 Superfortresses and participated in numerous exercises, operational readiness inspections, and overseas deployments. Became part of SAC nuclear deterrent force. Began upgrading to the new Boeing B-50 Superfortress, an advanced version of the B-29 in 1949. The B-50 gave the unit the capability to carry heavy loads of conventional weapons faster and farther as well as being designed for atomic bomb missions if necessary.
By 1951, the emergence of the Soviet Mig-21 interceptor in the skies of North Korea signaled the end of the propeller-driven B-50 as a first-line strategic bomber. Received B-47 Stratojet jet bombers in 1955 and despite initial difficulties, the Stratojet became the mainstay of the medium-bombing strength of SAC all throughout the 1950s, deployed frequently to North Africa and England for REFLEX exercises. Began sending its B-47s to AMARC at Davis-Monthan in 1959 when the aircraft was deemed no longer capable of penetrating Soviet airspace.
Reassigned to Blytheville Air Force Base, Arkansas and equipped with Boeing B-52G Stratofortress strategic bombers in 1960. Stood nuclear alert with the B-52G, although deployed aircrew to forward bases in the Western Pacific during the Vietnam War which flew Operation Arc Light and Linebacker I combat missions over Indochina; aircrews participated in the December 1972/January 1973 Linebacker II missions over the Hanoi-Haiphong area of North Vietnam. On 15 August 1973, after months of committing most of the wing's people and resources to the conflict, crew E-21 had the distinction of flying the last B-52 mission over a target in Cambodia. This marked the end of the United States' strategic bombing in Southeast Asia. Crews returned to the United States to training and alert status.
Deployed aircraft and crews to the 806th Bombardment Wing (Provisional) at RAF Fairford, England in February 1991, engaging in combat operations over Iraq and Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm. Inactivated in early 1992 after the end of the Cold War.
Bomber training
The Air Force Chief of Staff directed the creation of the 'B-52 Division, USAF Weapons School' on 1 October 1989 as the Strategic Weapons School, graduating the first class in April 1990. In 1992, with the activation of Air Combat Command, the B-52 Division was reborn as part of the USAF Weapons School, eventually becoming 'Detachment 2, USAF Weapons School. The 340th Bombardment Squadron was reactivated as the 340th Weapons Squadron, USAF Weapons School on 3 February 2003
Lineage
Constituted as the 340th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 28 January 1942
Activated on 3 February 1942
Redesignated 340th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 6 March 1944
Inactivated on 29 October 1945
Redesignated 340th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 15 July 1946
Activated on 4 August 1946
Redesignated 340th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 28 May 1948
Redesignated 340th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 1 October 1959
Redesignated 340th Bomb Squadron on 1 September 1991
Inactivated on 7 January 1992
Redesignated 340th Weapons Squadron on 24 January 2003
Activated and organized on 3 Feb 2003, assuming resources of B-52 Division, USAF Weapons School
Assignments
97th Bombardment Group, 3 February 1942 – 29 October 1945
97th Bombardment Group, 4 August 1946 (attached to 97th Bombardment Wing after 10 February 1951)
97th Bombardment Wing, 16 June 1952
97th Operations Group, 1 September 1991 – 7 January 1992
USAF Weapons School, 3 February 2003 – present
Stations
MacDill Field, Florida, 3 February 1942
Sarasota Army Air Field, Florida, 29 March–16 May 1942
RAF Polebrook (AAF-110), England, 11 June–10 November 1942
Maison Blanche Airport, Algiers, Algeria, c. 13 November 1942
Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria, c. 22 November 1942
Biskra Airfield, Algeria, 26 December 1942
Chateau-dun-du-Rhumel Airfield, Algeria, 8 February 1943
Pont du Fahs Airfield, Tunisia, 12 August 1943
Depienne Airfield, Tunisia, 14 August 1943
Cerignola Airfield, Italy, c. 14 December 1943
Amendola Airfield, Italy, 17 January 1944
Marcianise Airfield, Italy, c. October–29 October 1945
Smoky Hill Army Air Field, Kansas, 4 August 1946 (deployed to Mile 26 Airfield (later, Eielson Air Force Base), Alaska, 4 November 1947 – 12 March 1948
Biggs Air Force Base, Texas, 17 May 1948
Deployed to RAF Lakenheath, England, 5 March–4 June 1952; Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, 16 December 1953 – c. 15 Mar 1954
Detachments at RAF Lakenheath, England, and Yokota Air Base, Japan, April 1954 – 1 April 1955
Deployed to RAF Upper Heyford, England, 5 May–4 July 1956; Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, 24 September – 2 November 1957
Blytheville Air Force Base (later Eaker Air Force Base), Arkansas, 1 July 1959 – 7 January 1992
Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, 3 February 2003 – present
Aircraft
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1942–1945
Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1946–1950
Boeing B-50 Superfortress, 1950–1954
Boeing KB-29 Superfortress, 1954–1955
Boeing ERB-29 Superfortress, 1954–1955
Boeing RB-50 Superfortress, 1954–1955
Boeing B-47 Stratojet, 1955–1959
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, 1960–1991
See also
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Units of the Mediterranean Theater of Operations
List of B-52 Units of the United States Air Force
References
Notes
Explanatory notes
Citations
Bibliography
0340
Military units and formations in Louisiana | {'title': '340th Weapons Squadron', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/340th%20Weapons%20Squadron', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Joyden's Wood is an area of ancient woodland that straddles the border between the London Borough of Bexley in South East London and the Borough of Dartford in Kent, England. It is located north west of Swanley, south east of Bexleyheath and south west of Dartford. It is one of over 1,000 woodlands in the United Kingdom looked after by the Woodland Trust. The first records of a wood on this site go back to the year 1600. It is also the name of a housing estate to the east of the woodland itself.
Wildlife
There are nine ponds in the wood, each of which is a habitat for the three British newt species, the great crested newt, the smooth newt and the palmate newt.
British birds of prey have been noted in the area including buzzards, sparrowhawks, and kestrels.
In spring, various flowers grow on the woodland floor such as bluebells, sunny yellow celandines and lily of the valley. Autumn sees a range of fungi grow from deadwood and the floor. Amethyst deceiver and lilac bonnet, and the fly agaric. In the winter months, conifer trees grow in abundance.
Archaeology
There are traces of settlements in the forest that are over 2,000 years old, and deneholes have been found. Faesten Dic, ‘the strong dike’, is a boundary feature built around 1,500 years ago by Saxon settlers; it runs for over a kilometre through the forest.
Archaeological investigation during the 1950s has also revealed that a medieval hall flanked by two smaller buildings was present in the area, now underneath an area of housing that is east of Summerhouse Drive and south of Joyden's Wood Road. The hall was likely constructed out of timber with a tiled roof, and the period of occupation has been dated to between circa 1280 and 1320 through an analysis of the pottery found at the site. This reflects the likelihood that the site was inhabited for about two generations, but no longer. It is possible that this building was the Manor of Ocholt, which is known from historical records to have been located nearby and which was owned by Lesnes Abbey. Some of the pottery sherds found were identified as belonging to grey ware produced in the Limpsfield area of Surrey; such Limpsfield ware was supplied to London and northern Kent, having also been found at nearby sites Cray House and Eynsford Castle.
The likely source of fresh water for the hall's inhabitants was a nearby well. A number of earthworks surrounded the hall, although the exact date of these has not been ascertained. Why the hall was abandoned is not clear, but possibilities include a failure in the water supply, a rapid impoverishment of the sandy soil found in the surrounding fields, or the impact of the Black Death. There was no archaeological evidence suggesting that the house might have been devastated by fire.
During the Second World War, two RAF Hawker Hurricane fighters crashed in the wood and some hollows visible in the wood are bomb craters. A wooden sculpture of a crashed Hurricane lies just west of Faesten Dic, carved by local sculptor Peter Leadbeater.
Joyden's Wood Estate
Joydens Wood Estate is home to several thousand people. Amenities include a post office, butcher, pharmacy, library, petrol station as well as local infant and junior schools. Community groups that meet at the Joydens Wood Community Centre in Birchwood Drive include a pre-school, a Women's Institute and a table tennis club. St Barnabas' Church in Tile Kiln Lane has a multi-purpose building used both by the church and community groups. The scouts and guides have a hall; there is also a Freeholders' Association.
Local authority administration of the estate is split between the London Borough of Bexley within Greater London and the Borough of Dartford within Kent.
Demography
According to the 2011 census, 86% of the population is White British.
Transport
Rail
The nearest National Rail station to Joyden's Wood is Bexley, located 1.8 miles away.
Buses
Joyden's Wood is served by Go-Coach route 429 (Monday to Saturday) to Dartford and Swanley and London Buses route B12 to Erith via Bexleyheath.
Nearby areas
Joyden's Wood borders Dartford to the north, Wilmington to the north east and east, Hextable to the south east, Swanley to the south, Ruxley to the south west, North Cray to the west and Bexley to the north west.
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links
Joyden's Wood Section of the Woodland Trust Website
Wilmington Parish Council
Joyden's Wood Junior School
Arriva Buses
Go-Coach 429 PDF Timetable
St Barnabas Church, Joydens Wood
Woodland Trust
Forests and woodlands of Kent
Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Bexley
Borough of Dartford | {'title': "Joyden's Wood", 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyden%27s%20Wood', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Benjamin Hazard Field (May 2, 1814 – March 17, 1893) was an American merchant philanthropist.
Early life
Field was born on May 2, 1814, at the Field home in Yorktown in Westchester County. He was one of three sons born to Hazard Field (1764–1845) and his second wife, Mary (née Bailey) Field (1780–1832), who married in 1806. His father was previously married to Frances "Fanny" Wright June.
His paternal grandparents were John Field and Lydia (née Hazard) Field, who had sixteen children, of which his father Hazard was the oldest.
Career
After schooling in Westchester and at North Salem Academy, he moved to New York and entered the mercantile business of his uncle, Hickson W. Field (grandfather of Princess di Triggiano Brancaccio, lady in waiting to the Queen of Italy), at 170-176 John Street. At the age of 18, Field became a partner in 1832. After his uncle retired in 1838, Field assumed control of the entire business, rapidly gaining "both fortune and fame." Field eventually retired from the business, which his son Cortlandt joined in 1861, and renamed Cortlandt de P. Field & Co. in 1865. He fully retired from business in 1875.
In 1863, Field became vice-president of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, later serving as president in 1884. He was a founder of the New York Free Circulating Library and became involved with the New York Dispensary, the Roosevelt Hospital, the New York Institute for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, and the Home for Incurables in the Bronx which Field helped found in 1866, serving as its first president. He was largely responsible for the Farragut Monument in Madison Square Park (an outdoor bronze sculpture of David Farragut by sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens on an exedra designed by architect Stanford White).
In 1870, he became the 16th President of the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York. Field was a member of the New-York Historical Society, serving as its treasurer, vice president, and president beginning in 1885.
Personal life
On January 19, 1838, Field was married to Catherine Matilda Van Cortlandt de Peyster (1818–1886). Catherine was the daughter of Frederic de Peyster and Helen Livingston (née Hake) de Peyster. She was the aunt of author and philanthropist John Watts de Peyster (through her brother Frederic de Peyster) and Frederic James de Peyster (through her brother James Ferguson De Peyster). Together, they lived on the northern edge of Madison Square Park at 21 East 26th Street and were the parents of:
Cortlandt de Peyster Field (1839–1918), who married Virginia Hamersley (d. 1920), sister of J. Hooker Hamersley.
Florence Van Cortlandt Field (1851–1922), who married David Wolfe Bishop (1833–1900), the inheritor of Catharine Lorillard Wolfe's wealth. After Bishop's death, she remarried to married John Edward Parsons, a distinguished lawyer in New York.
Field died on March 17, 1893, in New York City. After a funeral at Grace Church, he was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.
Descendants
Through his daughter Florence, he was the grandfather of Cortlandt Field Bishop, a pioneer aviator, balloonist, book collector, and traveler. and David Wolfe Bishop Jr.
References
External links
Drawing of Cortland DePeyster Field and Virginia Hamersley Field, by Daniel Huntington.
1814 births
1893 deaths
19th-century American merchants
Philanthropists from New York (state)
People from Yorktown, New York
Presidents of the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York
19th-century American philanthropists
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery | {'title': 'Benjamin Hazard Field', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Hazard%20Field', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Allen Township is one of the seventeen townships of Hancock County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,533, up from 2,110 in the 2000 census.
Geography
Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
Bloom Township, Wood County - northeast
Cass Township - east
Marion Township - southeast
Liberty Township - southwest
Portage Township - west
Henry Township, Wood County - northwest
Several populated places are located in Allen Township:
Part of Findlay, a city and the county seat of Hancock County, in the south
Van Buren, a village in the north
Mortimer, an unincorporated community in the center
Name and history
Statewide, other Allen Townships are located in Darke, Ottawa, and Union counties.
Government
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
References
External links
Allen Township official website
Townships in Hancock County, Ohio
Townships in Ohio | {'title': 'Allen Township, Hancock County, Ohio', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%20Township%2C%20Hancock%20County%2C%20Ohio', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Hymn to Enlil, Enlil and the Ekur (Enlil A), Hymn to the Ekur, Hymn and incantation to Enlil, Hymn to Enlil the all beneficent or Excerpt from an exorcism is a Sumerian myth, written on clay tablets in the late third millennium BC.
Compilation
Fragments of the text were discovered in the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology catalogue of the Babylonian section (CBS) from their excavations at the temple library at Nippur. The myth was first published using tablet CBS 8317, translated by George Aaron Barton in 1918 as "Sumerian religious texts" in "Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions", number ten, entitled "An excerpt from an exorcism". The tablet is at its thickest point. A larger fragment of the text was found on CBS tablet number 14152 and first published by Henry Frederick Lutz as "A hymn and incantation to Enlil" in "Selected Sumerian and Babylonian Texts", number 114 in 1919. Barton's tablet had only containted lines five to twenty four of the reverse of Lutz's, which had already been translated in 1918 and was used to complete several of his damaged lines.
Edward Chiera published tablet CBS 7924B from the hymn in "Sumerian Epics and Myths". He also worked with Samuel Noah Kramer to publish three other tablets CBS 8473, 10226, 13869 in "Sumerian texts of varied contents" in 1934. The name given this time was "Hymn to the Ekur", suggesting the tablets were "parts of a composition which extols the ekur of Enlil at Nippur, it may, however be only an extract from a longer text". Further tablets were found to be part of the myth in the Hilprecht collection at the University of Jena, Germany, numbers 1530, 1531, 1532, 1749b, 2610, 2648a and b, 2665, 2685, 1576 and 1577. Further tablets containing the text were excavated at Isin, modern Ishan al-Bahriyat, tablet 923. Another was found amongst the texts in the Iraq Museum, tablet 44351a. Others are held in the collections of the Abbey of Montserrat in Barcelona and the Ashmolean in Oxford.
Other translations were made from tablets in the Nippur collection of the Museum of the Ancient Orient in Istanbul (Ni). Samuel Noah Kramer amongst others worked to translate several others from the Istanbul collection including Ni 1039, 1180, 4005, 4044, 4150, 4339, 4377, 4584, 9563 and 9698. More were found at Henri de Genouillac's excavations at Kish (C 53). Another tablet of the myth (Si 231) was excavated at Sippar in the collections of the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Sir Charles Leonard Woolley unearthed more tablets at Ur contained in the "Ur excavations texts" from 1928. Other tablets and versions were used to bring the myth to its present form with the latest translations presented by Thorkild Jacobsen, Miguel Civil and Joachim Krecher.
Composition
The hymn, noted by Kramer as one of the most important of its type, starts with praise for Enlil in his awe-inspiring dais:
The hymn develops by relating Enlil founding and creating the origin of the city of Nippur and his organization of the earth. In contrast to the myth of Enlil and Ninlil where the city exists before creation, here Enlil is shown to be responsible for its planning and construction, suggesting he surveyed and drew the plans before its creation:
The hymn moves on from the physical construction of the city and gives a description and veneration of its ethics and moral code:
The last sentence has been compared by R. P. Gordon to the description of Jerusalem in the Book of Isaiah (), "the city of justice, righteousness dwelled in her" and in the Book of Jeremiah (), "O habitation of justice, and mountain of holiness." The myth continues with the city's inhabitants building a temple dedicated to Enlil, referred to as the Ekur. The priestly positions and responsibilities of the Ekur are listed along with an appeal for Enlil's blessings on the city, where he is regarded as the source of all prosperity:
A similar passage to the last lines above has been noted in the Biblical Psalms () "The voice of the Lord makes hinds to calve and makes goats to give birth (too) quickly". The hymn concludes with further reference to Enlil as a farmer and praise for his wife, Ninlil:
Andrew R. George suggested that the hymn to Enlil "can be incorporated into longer compositions" as with the Kesh temple hymn and "the hymn to temples in Ur that introduces a Shulgi hymn."
Discussion
The poetic form and laudatory content of the hymn have shown similarities to the Book of Psalms in the Bible, particularly Psalm 23 () "The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want, he maketh me to lie down in green pastures." Line eighty four mentions:
and in line ninety one, Enlil is referred to as a shepherd:
The shepherd motif originating in this myth is also found describing Jesus in the Book of John (). Joan Westenholz noted that "The farmer image was even more popular than the shepherd in the earliest personal names, as might be expected in an agrarian society." She notes that both Falkenstein and Thorkild Jacobsen consider the farmer refers to the king of Nippur; Reisman has suggested that the farmer or 'engar' of the Ekur was likely to be Ninurta. The term appears in line sixty
Wayne Horowitz discusses the use of the word abzu, normally used as a name for an abzu temple, god, cosmic place or cultic water basin. In the hymn to Enlil, its interior is described as a 'distant sea':
The foundations of Enlil's temple are made of lapis lazuli, which has been linked to the "soham" stone used in the Book of Ezekiel () describing the materials used in the building of "Eden, the Garden of god" perched on "the mountain of the lord", Zion, and in the Book of Job () "The stones of it are the place of sapphires and it hath dust of gold". Moses also saw God's feet standing on a "paved work of a sapphire stone" in (). Precious stones are also later repeated in a similar context describing decoration of the walls of New Jerusalem in the Apocalypse ().
Along with the Kesh Temple Hymn, Steve Tinney has identified the Hymn to Enlil as part of a standard sequence of scribal training scripts he refers to as the Decad. He suggested that "the Decad constituted a required program of literary learning, used almost without exception throughout Babylonia. The Decad thus included almost all literary types available in Sumerian."
See also
Barton Cylinder
Debate between Winter and Summer
Debate between sheep and grain
Enlil and Ninlil
Old Babylonian oracle
Kesh temple hymn
Self-praise of Shulgi (Shulgi D)
Lament for Ur
Sumerian creation myth
Sumerian religion
Sumerian literature
References
Further reading
Falkenstein, Adam, Sumerische Götterlieder (Abhandlungen der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Kl., Jahrgang 1959, 1. Abh.). Carl Winter UniversitätsVerlag: Heidelberg, 5-79, 1959.
Jacobsen, Thorkild, The Harps that Once ... Sumerian Poetry in Translation. Yale University Press: New Haven/London, 151-166: translation, pp 101–111, 1987.
Reisman, Daniel David, Two Neo-Sumerian Royal Hymns (Ph.D. dissertation). University of Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, 41-102, 1970.
Römer, W.H.Ph., 'Review of Jacobsen 1987', Bibliotheca Orientalis 47, 382-390, 1990.
External links
Barton, George Aaron., Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions, Yale University Press, 1918. Online Version
Lutz, Frederick Henry., Selected Sumerian and Babylonian texts, The University Museum, pp. 54-. Online Version
Cheira, Edward., Sumerian Epics and Myths, University of Chicago, Oriental Institute Publications, 1934. Online Version
Chiera, Edward and Kramer, Samuel Noah., Sumerian texts of varied contents, Number 116, University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications Volume XVI, Cuneiform series - volume IV, 1934. - Online Version
Enlil and the Ekur (Enlil A)., Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E., and Zólyomi, G., The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford 1998-.
Enlil A - ETCSL composite text
Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative - CBS 08317
Enlil in the Ekur - set to music on Youtube
3rd-millennium BC literature
1918 archaeological discoveries
Hymns
Sumerian literature
Clay tablets
Mesopotamian myths
Mythological mountains
Creation myths
Religious cosmologies
Comparative mythology
Ancient Near East wisdom literature | {'title': 'Hymn to Enlil', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymn%20to%20Enlil', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Vincent Connare (born September 26, 1960) is an American type designer and former Microsoft employee. Among his creations are the fonts Comic Sans and Trebuchet MS, as well as the Man in Business Suit Levitating emoji. Besides text typefaces, he finalized and hinted the font Marlett which has been used for scalable User Interface icons in Microsoft Windows since 1995 and created portions of the font Webdings that was first shipped with Internet Explorer.
Education
Connare studied at Milford High School in Milford, Massachusetts and at the New York Institute of Technology where he received a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts and Photography. He later earned a master's degree in Type Design at the University of Reading.
Career
Microsoft
After graduating from the New York Institute of Technology, Connare began working as a photographer for the Worcester Telegram in Massachusetts and helped establish a Cherokee-language newspaper. While working for Microsoft, Connare contributed to documents on font production as well as the fonts Trebuchet MS, Webdings, and most notably Comic Sans. Connare worked towards his master's degree at the University of Reading in England.
An icon of a jumping man that Connare created for Webdings was later made an emoji with the identifier .
Dalton Maag
While working at Dalton Maag, a typeface design company located in Brixton, London, Connare created the Magpie font and designed the Ministry of Sound logo.
Comic Sans
Creating Comic Sans
When Microsoft launched Windows 1995, it featured a new program, Microsoft Bob, that included a cartoon that would talk with speech bubbles, and text presented in Times New Roman. Connare felt that the cartoons in Microsoft Bob needed a less formal looking font; something more suitable for kids. Inspired by DC and Marvel comic books, Connare created Comic Sans in 1994 by using a mouse and cursor to draw intentionally sloppy letters. Microsoft Bob inevitably faded into obscurity, but Comic Sans secured its legacy after Microsoft included the font in Windows 95.
Reception
Soon after Connare created Comic Sans, the font was adopted by many notable companies including Apple, BMW, and Burberry. Despite the font's commercial success, it became controversial and has garnered many detractors, particularly in the graphic design industry. The hatred has gotten so intense that there have been several attempts to get the font banned. Connare has not been offended by the negative backlash to his creation; in fact, at the Fourth Annual Boring Conference, Connare said he found the contempt for his work to be "mildly amusing".
Comic Sans has been used in multiple applications ranging from newspapers titles and store signs, to the Spanish Copa del Rey trophy and the Pope's photo album at the Vatican. Connare has stated that he is very proud of the font, offering different rationales. Arguing that "Comic Sans does what it was commissioned to do, it is loved by kids, mums, dads and many family members. So it did its job very well. It matched the brief!" He has also referred to it as "the best joke I've ever told."
Comic Sans is a particularly popular typeface; in fact, Simon Garfield's book, Just My Type, devotes the first chapter to Comic Sans. The typeface is also listed in the book How to Design a Typeface by the Design Museum in London, which was reviewed in newspapers across London. Comic Sans has also featured on the front page of the Wall Street Journal.
See also
Core fonts for the Web
References
External links
Influencers & Innovation presented: Huffington Post/Horizon
Basic hinting philosophies and TrueType instructions:Microsoft Corporatıon
Character Design Standards:Microsoft Corporation
Hinting and Production Guidelines: Microsoft Corporation
Designing and Using Scalable Type for Display as Graphic Elements on Digital Devices. Lecture notes in Computer Science, Springer
From Typeface to Font File: Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft Font Delivery Specification
The Type Designs of William Addison Dwiggins
Just My Type: A Book About Fonts by Simon Garfield
Vincent Connare's website
Vincent Connare's typography page
Dalton Maag Ltd. London
1960 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Reading
American typographers and type designers
Microsoft employees
Artists from Boston
New York Institute of Technology alumni | {'title': 'Vincent Connare', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Connare', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Yashica Dutt is an Indian writer and journalist who has written on a broad range of topics including fashion, gender, identity, culture and caste. She was previously working as a Principal Correspondent with Brunch, Hindustan Times in New Delhi. She also worked with The Asian Age.
Early life and education
Yashica was born in a Valmiki (Dalit) family in Ajmer, Rajasthan on 5 February 1986. Her mother's name is Shashi Dutt. She completed her graduation in B.Sc. from St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 2007. Yashica completed her Master's degree in Arts and Culture Journalism from Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in 2015.
Career
As a freelance journalist, Yashica has worked with Hindustan Times, LiveMint, Scroll.in, The Wire and HuffPost India. During her stint at the Hindustan Times, she initiated the social media activities for Brunch, the Sunday magazine of Hindustan Times. Yashica writes on Dalit related social issues and is the founder of dalitdiscrimination.tumblr.com, a Tumblr blog portal.
Book
Coming Out as Dalit is Yashica's book published by Aleph Book Company. It is her memoir about growing up in a Dalit family. In the book, she describes how she felt compelled to hide her caste and pretended to be of another caste, all along terrified of her true identity being found out. Her decision to end the pretense of being an upper caste woman was triggered by a University of Hyderabad Dalit student Rohith Vemula's last letter, which was made public following his suicide. The book details her journey of coming to terms with her true identity. The book is a social commentary woven with personal experiences. She received the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar for the book in the English category for the year 2020.
References
External links
Official Website
Columbia University profile
Indian women journalists
English-language writers from India
1986 births
Living people
Dalit writers
Dalit women writers
Women writers from Rajasthan
Journalists from Rajasthan
People from Ajmer | {'title': 'Yashica Dutt', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yashica%20Dutt', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Telde is a town and a municipality in the eastern part of the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, overseas (Atlantic) insular Spain.
It is the second most populous municipality on the island, with a population of (2013). Its area is . The city is the oldest and the first capital of the island of Gran Canaria, founded before 1351, a former medieval bishopric and present Catholic titular see.
The city Telde is located 4 km from the coast and 16 km south of the island capital Las Palmas. The GC-1 motorway passes east of the city. The Gran Canaria International Airport is located in the subdivision of Gando, south of Telde.
History
Before the Spanish invasion Telde was the eastern centre to the aborigines of the island, and the renowned aborigen Doramas is believed to have lived here. Early records point to about 14,000 aborigen dwellings here in Telde at the time of conquest, and Telde is the spot where the famous Idolo de Tara figure—currently housed in the Museo Canario in Las Palmas—was discovered.
It was created by papal decree is 1351. Today Telde is Gran Canaria's second city with a population over 100,000. The historic old town area of Telde is particularly popular with visitors.
Ecclesiastical History
The Diocese of Islas de la Fortuna (español) / Isola de Fortunate (Italiano) / Insulas Fortunatis (Latin) (meaning 'Fortunate islands', the nickname of the Canaries) was established on 7 November 1351. The territory split off from the Balearic Diocese of Mallorca, as suffragan of the (Andalusian) Metropolitan Archdiocese of Seville.
Renamed in 1369 after its see as Diocese of Telde (Spanish) / Telden(sis) (Latin adjective).
On 7 July 1404 it lost territory to establish the Diocese of Rubicon.
In 1441 it was suppressed, without direct successor.
Residential Ordinaries
(all Roman Rite and members of Latin congregations)
Suffragan Bishops of Islas de la Fortuna
Bernardo Font, Carmelite Order (O. Carm.) (1351.11.07 – 1354), next Bishop of Santa Giusta (1354–?)
Bartolomé, Dominican Order (O.P.) (1361.03.02 – 1362)
Suffragan Bishops of Telde
Bonanat Tarí, Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (1369.07.02 – 1392)
Jaime Olzina, O.P. (1392.01.31 – 1441)
Titular see
In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin Titular bishopric of Telde (Spanish) / Telden(sis) (Latin adjective).
It has had the following incumbents, none yet of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank:
Titular Archbishop: William Aquin Carew (1969.11.27 – 2012.05.08) as papal diplomat : Apostolic Nuncio (ambassador) to Burundi (1969.11.27 – 1974.05.10), Apostolic Nuncio to Rwanda (1969.11.27 – 1974.05.10), Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Cyprus (1974.05.10 – 1983.08.30), Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine (1974.05.10 – 1983.08.30), Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Japan (1983.08.30 – retired 1997.11.11); died 2012
Titular Archbishop Giampiero Gloder (2013.09.21 – ...), President of Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, Vice-Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church of Apostolic Camera; previously Head of Office for special affairs of Secretariat of State (2005 – 2013.09.21).
Economy
In the past, Telde was an agricultural community, the main crops being sugar canes, vineyards, bananas and tomatoes. Today the surrounding area of Telde is quite heavily industrialised, becoming the industrial centre on the island.
Two airlines are headquartered at Gran Canaria Airport: Binter Canarias and Canaryfly.
Main sights
The church San Juan Bautista (John the Baptist) de Telde is the true spiritual centre of Telde. Located in the square of the same name and founded in 1483, the old church was erected by the Garcia del Castillo family at the time of the town's foundation. It still has the original gateway, an example of Sevillian-Portuguese Gothic architecture. The towers, however, are an example of early 20th neo-Gothic construction. The real marvels are inside the building: the statue of Christ on the main altar, made from corn dough by the Purépecha Mexican Indians, brought here before 1550, the Flemish Gothic main altar, which dates back to before 1516, and the triptych of the Virgin Mary, brought from Flanders, also in the 16th century, depicting five religious scenes.
Telde has 101 archaeological sites and 709 listed sites of ethnographic interest. The number of sites increases each year, as do new aspects of old fields, but most are in disrepair and many are disappearing. Some of the most prominent are the coastal town of Tufia, in good condition and extensively excavated by archaeologists; Four Doors (Cuatro Puertas), a large cave with four doors located on top of a mountain overlooking the plain adjoined to a village of cave houses with collective barn at the back; the caves of Tara and Cendro, remains of the ancient centre of population; the town of Draguillo on the border with Ingenio; las cuevas Chalasia which consist of a labyrinthine series of artificial caves linked by tunnels; and the impressive necropolis of Jinámar which includes more than 500 tombs of various types.
Climate
Telde has a moderate desert climate.
Education
Lycée Français René-Verneau, the French international school of Gran Canaria, is located in Telde.
Sister cities
San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Gáldar, Gran Canaria, Spain
Moguer, Spain, birthplace of Telde's founder, Cristóbal García del Castillo
Chongqing, China, birth city of Sanmao, writer who lived in the island
Notable locals
Roque Mesa (born 1989), footballer
Gallery
See also
List of municipalities in Las Palmas
List of Catholic dioceses in Spain, Andorra, Ceuta and Gibraltar
References
Sources and external links
GCatholic with Google satellite photo
Populated places established in the 1350s
1351 establishments
14th-century establishments in Spain
Municipalities in Gran Canaria
Catholic titular sees in Europe | {'title': 'Telde', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telde', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The ST-124-M3 inertial platform was a device for measuring acceleration and attitude of the Saturn V launch vehicle. It was carried by the Saturn V Instrument Unit, a , section of the Saturn V that fit between the third stage (S-IVB) and the Apollo spacecraft. Its nomenclature means "stable table" (ST) for use in the moon mission (M), and it has 3 gimbals.
Development
It was number 124 in a series of similar devices, including the ST-80 (used in the Redstone), the ST-90 (used on the Jupiter and on early Saturn I flights), and the ST-120 (used in the Pershing missile). They are descendants of the LEV-3 of the German V-2 rocket. The ST-124 was designed by Marshall Space Flight Center and manufactured by Bendix Corporation, Eclipse-Pioneer Division, in Teterboro, New Jersey. It took 9 men 22 to 24 weeks to assemble an ST-124, and 70 percent of that time was spent installing about 3,000 wires.
Mission history
The ST-124 stabilized platform was part of the guidance, navigation, and control system of the Saturn V. Data from the ST-124 were used by the Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (another Instrument Unit component) to compare actual flight data to programmed flight plans and to calculate guidance corrections. Though the ST-124 operated all during the mission, its data were not used for guidance while the vehicle was in the atmosphere, where it was subjected to high drag forces. In this region, basically the time of the first stage burn, the vehicle followed a simple preprogrammed flight plan. Frank Cornella delivered the instruments (Gyro's and accelerometers) from Teterboro New Jersey to Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville Alabama.
Internal details
The attitude of the vehicle was measured relative to a coordinate system that was fixed just prior to launch with the X coordinate vertical, the Z coordinate in the direction of the pitch maneuver (down range, roughly East), and the Y coordinate perpendicular to the other two, cross range, roughly North to South. At the heart of the ST-124 was a platform that was held in a fixed orientation; hence the name "stabilized platform". It was connected by three gimbals that allowed the vehicle to roll, pitch and yaw but the stable platform was held fixed in space while the vehicle translated along its course.
The platform was stabilized by three gyros mounted on it. One measured any rotations about the X axis, one about the Y, and one about the Z axis. They generated signals that were shaped in feedback circuits and sent back to torquers on the inner, middle and outer gimbals that exactly countered the rotations, nulling the gyro outputs and keeping the platform stable.
The inner gimbal also carried three accelerometers, two pendulums, and a pair of prisms. The accelerometers measured vehicle acceleration along the X, Y, and Z axes. Their outputs were used by the LVDC to measure actual vehicle motion, for the purpose of navigation. The pendulums were used to set the X axis exactly vertical before launch, and the prisms were used to align the Y and Z axes, just before launch. The prisms reflected infrared beams sent into the ST-124 by a theodolite stationed on the ground 700 feet away from the launch pad. Commands from the theodolite were transmitted via cables inside the vehicle, to torquers in the ST-124 to orient the stable platform toward the correct azimuth.
The gyros, accelerometers and pendulums contained almost frictionless nitrogen gas bearings. These required very precise machining and very small gaps between the bearing surfaces. Dimensions were held to tolerances of , and the gap filled by the nitrogen was about . Nitrogen entered the gyros at about 15 psi and was vented to space via a pressure regulator in the bottom of the ST-124 that opened at 13 psi. The large silver sphere to the left of the ST-124 held the supply of nitrogen for the bearings.
The ST-124 included many components made of anodized beryllium. This material was chosen for its stiffness, light weight, machinability and stability. The case of the ST-124 was a short cylinder, high and in diameter, made of beryllium. The ends of the cylinder were closed by two approximately hemispherical aluminum covers. The gimbals and several parts of the gyros and accelerometers were also made of beryllium.
In contrast to beryllium, which is lightweight, the rotors of the gyros were made of Elkonite, a very dense, strong alloy. This is a sintered form of copper–tungsten, W90/Cu10, to make it machinable.
Heat generated by torquers and other electrical equipment inside the ST-124 was carried away by cooling coils built into the aluminum covers. A mixture of methanol and water at was circulated through the coils. The internal temperature of the ST-124 stabilized at about .
Gallery
References
Bibliography
This has clearer figures than most of the PDF documents about the IU, providing the best views of the insides of the gyros and gas bearings.
Further reading
An early, and mathematical, rather than descriptive, account of the ST-124. At this date the ST-124 was a 4-gimbal concept, whereas the version that flew had only 3 gimbals.
External links
Apollo program
Saturn (rocket family)
Navigational equipment
Bendix Corporation | {'title': 'ST-124-M3 inertial platform', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST-124-M3%20inertial%20platform', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
is a passenger railway station in the city of Takasaki, Gunma, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Gumma-Yawata Station is a station on the Shinetsu Main Line, and is located 6.4 km from the starting point of the line at .
Station layout
The station consists of two opposed side platforms connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station is attended.
Platforms
History
Gumma-Yawata Station opened on 15 October 1924. With the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East. A new station building was completed in March 2004.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 1197 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Usui River
Gumma-Yawata Post Office
Yawata Industrial Estate
Kannonzuka Kofun
Tanpopo Gelato
Yawata Community Center
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East station information
Shin'etsu Main Line
Railway stations in Gunma Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1924
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Takasaki, Gunma | {'title': 'Gumma-Yawata Station', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumma-Yawata%20Station', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Rufus Phineas Stebbins (3 March 1810 in South Wilbraham, Massachusetts – 13 August 1885 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a Massachusetts and Pennsylvania clergyman.
Biography
After graduating from Amherst College in the class of 1834, he studied theology at the Harvard Divinity School. He was ordained as pastor of a Unitarian church at Leominster, Massachusetts, 20 September 1837, where he remained until 1844. He held a pastorate at Meadville, Pennsylvania from 1844–1849, and was president of the theological seminary there from 1844–1856. He then held various pastorates, and at the First Unitarian Church of Newton, Massachusetts, from 1877 until his death. Harvard University gave him the degree of D.D.
Works
He was the author of a history of Wilbraham, Massachusetts (Boston, 1864), Study of the Pentateuch (1881), Common-Sense View of the Books of the Old Testament (1885) and numerous addresses.
References
External links
1810 births
1885 deaths
American clergy
Harvard Divinity School alumni
Amherst College alumni
People from Wilbraham, Massachusetts
19th-century American clergy | {'title': 'Rufus Phineas Stebbins', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus%20Phineas%20Stebbins', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Gambler is a 1974 American crime drama film written by James Toback and directed by Karel Reisz. It stars James Caan, Paul Sorvino and Lauren Hutton.
Caan's performance was widely lauded and was nominated for a Golden Globe.
Plot
Axel Freed is an English professor in New York City with a gambling addiction that begins to spiral out of control. In the classroom, Freed inspires his college students with his interpretations of Fyodor Dostoevsky's work. In his personal life, Axel has the affection of the beautiful Billie and the admiration of his family, including his mother, Naomi, who is a doctor, and his grandfather, a wealthy businessman.
Axel's gambling has left him with a huge debt. His bookie, a mafioso known as Hips, likes the professor personally but threatens grave consequences if he does not pay it soon. When Billie, having been informed by Axel that he owes $44,000, questions the wisdom of her associating with him, Axel confidently tells her she loves his life's dangers, including "the possibility of blood".
After obtaining the $44,000 from his disapproving mother, Axel goes with Billie to Las Vegas and gambles it into a small fortune, only to lose back his last $50,000 on a last-second, incredibly-lucky shot in a Laker game.
Having subsequently won $12,000 on a fixed Laker-game gift from another gambler and paid it to the bookmaker, Axel is abducted by associates of the latter. The boss asks Axel if he has family who might help him pay. Axel mentions his grandfather and mother. The boss says he’d asked the grandfather who said no.
Acting on an offer from the mob, Axel lures one of his students, a star on the college's basketball team, to shave points in his next game, so the mob can bet big on the game to cover Axel's debt. The student accepts Axel's offer of $5,000 for the illicit play. Having set that up, Axel visits his grandfather, who, near the end of their conversation, asks if Axel needs his help. Saying he’s taken care of it, Axel leaves.
Watching the game from the stands with three of the mob's bookmakers, Axel is saved by the bribed player's final-minutes' point-shaving, which enables the team to win by only 6 and thus not cover a 7-point spread. Nixing a night of post-game celebration with Hips, Axel wanders off into a neighboring black ghetto, as Hips warns him the place is a "jungle."
At a ghetto bar, Axel meets a prostitute, and they go to an upstairs room of a hotel. Threatened by her pimp after refusing to pay her when she refuses to take off all her clothes, Axel eggs the pimp to cut him with his switchblade. The pimp, thinking Axel crazy, backs off, and Axel repeatedly punches him, knocks him to the floor, and kicks him over and over. Frantic, the prostitute picks up the fallen blade and slashes Axel across the face.
Bleeding from his facial wound, Axel staggers down the stairs, looks at himself in a mirror, and smiles enigmatically at his slashed cheek.
Cast
James Caan as Axel Freed
Paul Sorvino as Hips
Lauren Hutton as Billie
Morris Carnovsky as A.R. Lowenthal
Jacqueline Brookes as Naomi Freed
Burt Young as Carmine
Carmine Caridi as Jimmy
Vic Tayback as One
Steven Keats as Howie
London Lee as Monkey
M. Emmet Walsh as Las Vegas Gambler
James Woods as Bank Officer
Carl W. Crudup as Spencer
Allan Rich as Bernie
Stuart Margolin as Cowboy
Ric Mancini as Sal
Beatrice Winde as Hospital Receptionist
Antonio Fargas as Pimp
Richard Foronjy as Donny
Frank Sivero as Donny's Driver
Frank Adonis as Man in Park with Donny
Philip Sterling as Sidney
Patricia Fay as Bank Teller
Production
The film was the first produced screenplay by James Toback. Toback had worked as an English lecturer at the City College of New York and had a gambling problem. He originally wrote The Gambler as a semi-autobiographical novel but halfway through started envisioning it as a film and turned it into a screenplay.
Toback completed it in 1972 and showed it to his friend Lucy Saroyan, who introduced Toback to Robert De Niro. Toback became enthused about the possibility of De Niro playing the lead. He showed the script to his literary agent who gave it to Mike Medavoy who attached director Karel Reisz. Reisz did not want to use De Niro and cast James Caan instead.
"Caan became a great Axel Freed, although obviously different from the character De Niro would have created", wrote Toback later. It was filmed at a time when leading actor James Caan was battling his own addiction to cocaine. Caan says the film is one of his favorites. "It's not easy to make people care about a guy who steals from his mother to pay gambling debts."
Some see the film as a loose adaptation of the short 1866 novel The Gambler by Fyodor Dostoyevsky.
Reception
Roger Ebert awarded his top grade of four stars and wrote that the film "begins as a portrait of Axel Freed's personality, develops into the story of his world, and then pays off as a thriller. We become so absolutely contained by Axel's problems and dangers that they seem like our own." Vincent Canby of The New York Times was less impressed, writing, "The movie follows Axel's downward path with such care that you keep thinking there must be some illuminating purpose, but there isn't ... Mr. Reisz and Mr. Toback reportedly worked a couple of years putting the screenplay into this shape, which is lifeless." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and said that director Karel Reisz "is most successful in presenting Axel as a true sickie and his adversaries as genuinely ruthless. The latter is no mean feat, inasmuch as ruthless movie mobsters are a dime-a-dozen in these post-'Godfather' days ... We know that the film is a success, because it doesn't really matter whether Axel is a winner or a loser as the film ends. 'The Gambler' is a personality study, and like 'California Split,' its story does not hang on its ending." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety called The Gambler "way ahead as the better of two current films about the gambling compulsion. Director Karel Reisz has one of his most compelling and effective films. Title star James Caan is excellent and the featured players are superb." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times declared it "a cool, hard, perfectly cut gem of a movie, as brilliant and mysteriously deep as a fine diamond. At its center is an hypnotically absorbing performance, at once charming and dismaying, by James Caan, who must certainly have an Academy Award nomination for it." Pauline Kael of The New Yorker stated, "At 'The Gambler,' we're trapped at a maniacal lecture on gambling as existential expression. And, as almost always happens when a movie is predictable and everything is analyzed and labelled, the actions and the explanations aren't convincing. Gambling is too easy a metaphor for life; as metaphor, it belongs to the world of hardboiled fiction." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post agreed, calling it "a well-made movie invalidated at every turn by a script with big, literary pretensions but little if any dramatic credibility." Jonathan Rosenbaum of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote that his problem with the film "is not so much a surfeit of psychological analysis—the script offers hints, not explicit causes explaining Axel's condition—as too little to account for his behaviour naturalistically, and too much to permit any sustained acceptance of the character on an allegorical or mythical level ... there is nothing in Axel that suggests hidden depths; indeed, despite Caan's consistent professionalism, the actor seems to be as disinterested in his character as Axel seems to be in himself." Filmink said the film was "peak ‘70s Caan with the star at his swaggering charming curly haired best."
The film holds a score of 80% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews.
Remake
In August 2011, Paramount Pictures announced a remake of the 1974 film The Gambler with the original producers, Irwin Winkler and Robert Chartoff. Intended as a new directorial project for Martin Scorsese, it was reported that Leonardo DiCaprio was attached as the star and William Monahan would write the screenplay.
In a 2011 interview, screenwriter James Toback gave the story of the original film's autobiographical background and development, and criticized the announcement of the remake.
Scorsese left the project and filmmaker Todd Phillips was in talks to take over as of August 2012.
In September 2013, Mark Wahlberg and director Rupert Wyatt expressed interest in remaking the film. The film was released on December 25, 2014.
See also
List of American films of 1974
References
External links
1974 films
1974 crime drama films
American crime drama films
Films set in 1974
Films directed by Karel Reisz
Films set in the Las Vegas Valley
Films set in New York City
Films about the American Mafia
Films shot in the Las Vegas Valley
Films shot in New York City
Films about gambling
Paramount Pictures films
Films produced by Robert Chartoff
Films produced by Irwin Winkler
Films scored by Jerry Fielding
1970s English-language films
1970s American films | {'title': 'The Gambler (1974 film)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Gambler%20%281974%20film%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Prahlad Singh Patel (born 28 June 1960) is an Indian politician who is the current Minister of State for Food Processing Industries and Jal Shakti of India from 7 July 2021. He is a Member of Parliament from Damoh Loksabha Constituency in Madhya Pradesh. He was minister of state for coal in Third Vajpayee Ministry. He was first elected to 9th Lok Sabha in 1989 and again re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha in 1996 (2nd term), 13th Lok Sabha in 1999 (3rd term) from Balaghat, 16th Lok Sabha in 2014 (4th term) and 17th Lok Sabha in 2019 (5th term) from Damoh. He was born in Narsinghpur and is an advocate by profession. He is a graduate of the Government Science College, Jabalpur.
Career
Prahlad Singh Patel who is BJP Represent person he was elected as MP for first time from Madhya Pradesh constituency, In May 2019, Patel became the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Culture and Tourism.
He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Damoh, Madhya Pradesh in the 2019 Indian general election as member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Prahalad Singh Patel is an eminent leader of LODHI (KSHATRIYA) Rajput community.
References
External links
Ministry of Culture biography
Ministry of Tourism
Parliament of India page
Cabinet list
People from Narsinghpur district
People from Balaghat district
Living people
1960 births
India MPs 2014–2019
India MPs 1999–2004
Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh
India MPs 1989–1991
India MPs 1996–1997
India MPs 2019–present
Narendra Modi ministry
Culture Ministers of India | {'title': 'Prahlad Singh Patel', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prahlad%20Singh%20Patel', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 2027 Pan American Games, officially the XX Pan American Games, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event scheduled to be held in Barranquilla, Colombia.
Bidding process
The bidding process to determine the host of the 2027 Pan American Games was to begin in January 2021. However, in July 2021, president of Panam Sports Neven Ilic confirmed that the bidding process would be postponed until January 2022. The deadline to submit bids for the event is November 15, 2021.
Host city election
On August 27, 2021, at an event in Barranquilla, Colombia, it was announced that the city would be the host of the games.
No vote was held, Barranquilla was appointed as host city.
Interested cities
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Buenos Aires initially bid for the 2023 Pan American Games, but withdrew their bid for financial reasons. Gerardo Werthein, the president of the Argentine Olympic Committee (COA), stated, "I would like Argentina to present its Olympic candidacy for 2032, but for now I'm only thinking about [the PanAm Games in] 2027."
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
On January 14, 2019, the Minister of Sports of Bolivia Tito Montaño expressed his interest for candidacy for the Pan American Games. Although a specific city has not been determined, Montaño stated that a candidate city will be determined within the coming weeks. Bolivia has never submitted a bid for the Games.
Barranquilla, Colombia
On October 24, 2018, Mayor of Barranquilla Alejandro Char confirmed Barranquilla's interest in the 2023 Pan American Games. After a successful hosting of the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games, Char was inspired to meet with Panam Sports President Neven Ilić Álvarez. After the meeting, Char told reporters, "After this meeting I’m feeling more calm, confident and sure than ever that we can do it ... We are going to do everything in our power to make the advancements to hold the Games that Barranquilla wants and deserves."
Venues
The Games
Participating National Olympic Committees
All 41 nations who are members of the Pan American Sports Organization are expected to compete.
See also
2025 Junior Pan American Games
2026 South American Games
2026 Central American and Caribbean Games
2027 Parapan American Games
2028 Summer Olympics
2032 Summer Olympics
References
Pan American Games 2027
2027 in multi-sport events
Pan American Games
International sports competitions hosted by Colombia
Multi-sport events in Colombia
2027 in South American sport | {'title': '2027 Pan American Games', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2027%20Pan%20American%20Games', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Marlan is a registered trademark for inherent flame retardant fabric (UNE EN 11612) used in protective clothing for foundries.
It was developed in 1997 and marketed by Marina Textil since 1998 conceived to protect against molten metal splashes including aluminium, cryolite, iron, steel, copper, magnesium, glass etc.
Marlan is a blend of different fibers, which includes wool and FR (flame retardant) cellulose fiber.
Properties
The fabric is inherent meaning that the protection is not reduced through continuous use or washing and its properties remain unalterable throughout its life. The characteristics of the natural fibers give inherent protection and comfort.
According to the European Standard EN 373 or the new one EN ISO 9185 the fabric has the maximum value D3 for protection against aluminium splashes and E3 for iron splashes. The wool blend with a flame retardant fiber provides thermal insulation characteristics while avoiding the molten metal sticking to the fabric, which was the main problem of pure synthetic or natural fibers used in the past.
Types
Currently there are different types and developments of Marlan, developed according to specific risks in foundries:
Marlan AL600 (EN ISO 6942), Aluminized fabric – protection against radiant heat
Marlan HV (EN 471) High visibility – protection against invisibility of the worker
Marlan SX (EN 11612) with ceramic – protection against high impact molten metal splashes.
Notes
References
Aluminium World, 2008, "Protective Clothing to Meet all Levels of Risk Encountered by Aluminium Workers", Aluminium World, p. 82-83,
"Marlan" Sovereign Publications, Retrieved 2008-04-01
"Marlan, protección frente a las salpicaduras de metal fundido" Protección Laboral, Retrieved 2008-04-01
"Protective Clothing for Industry" Health&Safety International, Retrieved 2008-05-26
marinatextil.net
"https://www.youtube.com/user/MarinaTextil/videos"
,
Brand name materials
Flame retardant fabrics
Technical fabrics | {'title': 'Marlan (fabric)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlan%20%28fabric%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 2017–18 English Football League (known as the Sky Bet Football League for sponsorship reasons) was the 119th season of the English Football League and was the second under its current name. It began on 4 August 2017 and concluded on 6 May 2018, with the promotion play-off finals at Wembley Stadium on 26–28 May 2018. The EFL is contested through three divisions. The divisions are the Championship, League One and League Two. The winner and the runner up of the Championship will be automatically promoted to the Premier League and they will be joined by the winner of the Championship playoff. The bottom two teams in League Two will be relegated to the National League.
Promotion and relegation
From the Premier League
Relegated to the Championship
Hull City
Middlesbrough
Sunderland
From the Championship
Promoted to the Premier League
Brighton & Hove Albion
Newcastle United
Huddersfield Town
Relegated to League One
Rotherham United
Wigan Athletic
Blackburn Rovers
From League One
Promoted to the Championship
Sheffield United
Bolton Wanderers
Millwall
Relegated to League Two
Chesterfield
Coventry City
Swindon Town
Port Vale
From League Two
Promoted to League One
Doncaster Rovers
Plymouth Argyle
Portsmouth
Blackpool
Relegated to the National League
Leyton Orient
Hartlepool United
From the National League
Promoted to League Two
Lincoln City
Forest Green Rovers
Championship
Table
Play-offs
Results
League One
Table
Play-offs
Results
League Two
Table
Play-offs
Results
Managerial changes
References
2017-18 | {'title': '2017–18 English Football League', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318%20English%20Football%20League', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 2012 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Voters chose seven electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate, Congressman Paul Ryan. For the third election in a row since 2004, no third parties were allowed on the ballot.
Oklahoma in recent years has become one of the most conservative states in the nation. For the third cycle in a row, the Republicans won over 65% of the vote and swept every single county in the state.
With 66.77% of the popular vote to Obama's mere 33.23%, Mitt Romney, carried almost exactly 2/3 of the Oklahoma electorate while Barack Hussein Obama merely carried 1/3. Oklahoma was Romney's third strongest state in the 2012 election after Utah and Wyoming.
Primaries
Democratic
President Obama faced four challengers in Oklahoma's Democratic primary. Challenger Randall Terry took 12 counties with candidate Jim Rogers winning in three counties. Candidates Bob Ely and Darcy Richardson also appeared on Oklahoma's ballot but failed to obtain a majority of votes in any county.
Republican
The Republican primary took place on Super Tuesday, March 6, 2012.
Oklahoma has 43 delegates to the 2012 Republican National Convention. Three super delegates are unbound by the primary results. 15 delegates are allocated by congressional districts, 3 delegates for each district. If a candidate gets a majority in the district, he takes all 3 delegates; if no one gets a majority, the delegates are split either 2-to-1 or 1-1-1 depending on how many candidates get at least 15% of the vote. Another 25 delegates are awarded to the candidate who wins a majority in the state, or allocated proportionately among candidates winning at least 15% of the vote statewide if no one gets majority.
Results
Republican Conventions for Oklahoma's Congressional Districts
Fifteen delegates to the 2012 Republican national convention were elected at congressional-district conventions March 31 to April 14, 2012 — three from each of Oklahoma's five congressional districts.
Oklahoma Republican Convention
The Oklahoma Republican State Convention was held May 11–12, 2012 in Norman. Irregularities were reported.
At least two Ron Paul supporters said they were physically attacked by Romney supporters.
Oklahoma's (Republican) Governor Mary Fallin tried to speak at the convention. After loud chants of "Ron Paul" from the floor, she stated (referring to Romney) "We have a presidential nominee", resulting in loud booing.
Paul supporters said that the convention was stopped with unfinished business, without a two-thirds vote, and therefore against parliamentary procedure. It was reported that, after the convention was said to be adjourned, a partition in the room was moved, isolating many attendees from the rest of the body. The lights were turned out momentarily.
After the convention was stopped and the chairman left, many Paul supporters assembled outside and held a rump convention, chaired by Jake Peters, at which they elected a slate of Paul supporters as delegates to the national convention.
Four Paul supporters, including Jake Peters, made a formal complaint to the Oklahoma Republican Party, saying that Party rules were broken by failing to take a roll-call vote on the delegate slate and that the convention was adjourned without the required vote. The complaint asserted that state law is involved in the Republican Party's nominating process and cited case law to the effect that party process should be considered "an integral part of the State's election system".
General election
Results
By county
Note: The Oklahoma SoS website only lists the Democrat and Republican results. No third-party results are available.
By congressional district
Romney won all 5 congressional districts.
Analysis
As expected, Mitt Romney swept every county in the state, carrying 66.77% of the vote to Obama's measly 33.23%. Romney capitalized on his strength amongst white and conservative voters – Oklahoma's population is 65.6% white (a demographic Romney won nationwide by 59% to Obama's 39%) and the state has a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+20, tied for the second most Republican in the nation along with Utah. His strongest performance was in the Oklahoma Panhandle, one of the most staunchly conservative regions in the country, where he garnered 80% to 90% of the vote in many of these counties. Romney also performed well in the Little Dixie region and on the state's border with Texas. Despite many counties having a plurality of registered Democratic voters exceeding the number of registered Republicans (such as Comanche and Okmulgee), Obama failed to carry any counties. However, Obama was still able to garner margins of around 45% to Romney's 55% in some counties, such as Cherokee County (Obama's best performance), which is 36.4% Native American and home to the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, and Muskogee County, which is located in the Creek Nation. He also had a formidable, but still lackluster, performance in Oklahoma County, home to the state's capital and largest city, Oklahoma City, which is quite conservative despite being the state's most urban region.
See also
United States presidential elections in Oklahoma
2012 Republican Party presidential debates and forums
2012 Republican Party presidential primaries
Results of the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries
Oklahoma Republican Party
References
External links
The Green Papers: for Oklahoma
The Green Papers: Major state elections in chronological order
2012
United States President
Oklahoma | {'title': '2012 United States presidential election in Oklahoma', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%20United%20States%20presidential%20election%20in%20Oklahoma', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Suvasish Mukhopadhyay is an Indian author and civil engineer, who is currently Associate Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Pune. Suvasish Mukhopadhyay has authored a technical book on fluid mechanics and 32 other non-fiction as well as fictional novels. The primary goal of his life is to inspire and enlighten the larger masses on achieving peace and happiness in life.
Early years
Suvasish Mukhopadhyay was born on 8 September 1963 in Uttarpara, West Bengal, India, Mukhopadhyay was educated at the Uttarpara Amarendra Vidyapith (Secondary and Higher Secondary school). He graduated with a Bachelor of Engineering degree in 1986, from the National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, where he studied civil engineering. He then obtained a Master of Engineering degree in a Hydraulics in 1989, from Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur.
Mukhopadhyay's mother died when he was 12 years old. He grew up without fond memories of his childhood which taught him to look at various situations in his life in a positive way. Thus, all his books talk about peace, happiness and optimism.
Career
Academic and engineering
Initially, Suvasish Mukhopadhyay moved to Jalgaon, Maharashtra and joined the Department of Civil Engineering in College of Engineering And Technology. In 1993, he joined the Department of Civil Engineering at the College of Engineering, Pune, as a member of faculty and has been teaching there ever since. Today he is an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering and teaches several subjects at the Undergraduate and Postgraduate level.
Mukhopadhyay has taught subjects such as management studies, fluid mechanics, dams and hydraulic structures, soil dynamics and numerical methods etc. He has also guided several students in their postgraduate level dissertation works. Over the years, Mukhopadhyay has handled several positions of responsibility at College of Engineering, Pune and other organisations. To name a few, Staff Advisor of T&P, Honorary Secretary of ISTE – Pune chapter, In charge of Civil Engineering Students’ Association, In charge of Transportation Lab, Member of F.E., S.E., M.E. Admission Committee, Ex–Executive council Member of Indian Society for Hydraulics, Member of Board of Studies of Civil Engineering, Elected Faculty member of Civil Engineering. In his 25 years of teaching experience, he has been in close contact with thousands of students.
Mukhopadhyay has reviewed many technical books about Fluid Mechanics and made significant contribution in the topic of Boundary Layer theory in most of books of McGraw-Hill Education and other publishers. He has done a considerable amount of consultancy related to the field of hydraulics, fluid mechanics and environmental engineering for several government and private agencies, such as PCMC (Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation), DMC (Dhule Municipal Corporation), B.G. Shirke and Associates, PWD, Irrigation Dept, Finolex Cables, Normex Valves, NMC (Nagpur Municipal Corporation) among others.
Literary
Mukhopadhyay has always been a voracious reader and was encouraged by a colleague to start writing. In 2005, he published 'Tsunami: The Biggest Bane', which explains the occurrence and mechanism of a Tsunami. He went on to write a series of academic books, namely 'You Can Score More', the national bestseller 'Motivating School Kids' and 'How To Study And Succeed'. He has also authored two books on the art of living and happiness called The Happiness Code and An Eternal Quest For Peace. He wrote My Students My Love which talks of 108 students who were closely associated with him during his 25 years of teaching. Mukhopadhyay's most recent book is 'The Rise of the Setting Sun - Story of an Ordinary Indian''. The book describes the struggles of a young student, Animesh, who is frustrated by the imposition of wrong vocation of Civil Engineering on him by his family.
References
External links
1963 births
People from West Bengal
National Institutes of Technology alumni
Indian male novelists
Living people | {'title': 'Suvasish Mukhopadhyay', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvasish%20Mukhopadhyay', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Robert Goodman (June 8, 1939 – March 5, 2023) was an American boxing matchmaker, publicist, and promoter. He is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame since 2009, the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame (2009) and the New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame since 1990, and recipient of the prestigious Boxing Writers Association of America’s James J. Walker Memorial Award for Long and Meritorious Service to Boxing in 1980. He was the son of Murray Goodman, also in the International Boxing Hall of Fame, New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame and Walker Award recipient. Bob Goodman also served as Vice President and Matchmaker for Madison Square Garden from 1985 to 1994. They are the only father-son to have received all of those honors.
Goodman also spent twenty-five years with Don King Productions serving in many capacities – Vice President, Boxing Operations, Matchmaker, and Director of Public Relations.
Goodman was also the President of his own company, Garden State Boxing, where they promoted many world champions.
Early years
Goodman was born and raised in the Bronx, New York. He was always told that he was conceived at Grossinger’s, a famed Catskill Mountain resort that was the training home of many great champions, including Barney Ross, Rocky Marciano, Ken Norton, Roberto Duran, and Larry Holmes. However it was in another Catskill resort – The Evans, where he got hooked on boxing for good, when he stayed with France’s Marcel Cerdan in 1948. “It was amazing,” said Goodman. “We didn’t even speak the same language, but he spoke with his eyes and gestures. I used to get up to run with him. It was there and then
that I became a “boxing junkie”.
When Bob was a young teen, the family moved to New Jersey where he competed in soccer and track and field in school. He took many sports related jobs during the summers, including Madison Square Garden and the National Sports Council. He also worked on the S. Rae Hickok “Professional Athlete of the Year” Award, created by his father in 1949, which remained one of the most prized awards until 1975.
Education
Goodman attended the University of Miami in Florida for two years before enlisting in the United States Coast Guard. Goodman was the Officer in Charge of Coast Guard Recruiting for the State of Connecticut upon the end of his enlistment.
Career
After leaving the Coast Guard in 1962, Goodman took a public relations job with the New York Titans of the old American Football League. Upon the sale of the Titans to become the Jets, Goodman and his father created the “sports division” of a Madison advertising agency, Arthur Falconer Associates and promoted most of the major fights of the era. They also helped create the All-American Collegiate Golf Foundation, and handled other accounts such as Bancroft Sporting Goods and Tretorn.
When the company moved to New Jersey, Goodman and his father opened up their own firm on Madison Avenue, Murray Goodman Associates. They handled events for Main Bout, Bob Arum’s Top Rank and Don King Productions. Light heavyweight great Bob Foster and heavyweight champion Ken Norton, were personal clients.
Don King brought Bob on board full-time as his Director of Boxing in the early 70’s, where he remained until the end of 1985. During those years they promoted the biggest events in boxing, including the “Rumble in the Jungle” between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman; the “Thrilla in Manila” between Ali and Joe Frazier; The “Sunshine Showdown” with George Foreman and Joe Frazier, and the two fights between Roberto Duran and Sugar Ray Leonard.
At Madison Square Garden, Goodman and his staff developed many world champions, including James “Buddy” McGirt, Aaron “Superman” Davis, Tracy Patterson; Poison Junior Jones, Kevin Kelley, Julio Cesar Green, Lonnie Bradley, and Hector Acero Sanchez, among others.
Corporate changes caused Goodman to take his boxers to New Jersey, where they opened up Garden State Boxing. Goodman rejoined Don King, and served as his Vice President Boxing Operations and Public Relations until 2009.
Goodman then joined Roy Jones Jr.’s Square Ring Promotions as the Chief Operating
Officer, where he remained.
Personal life and death
Bob Goodman and his wife of fifty-four years, Kathleen, had four daughters and nine grandchildren. They lived in southern New Jersey.
Goodman died in Galloway, New Jersey, on March 5, 2023, at the age of 83.
References
1939 births
2023 deaths
American boxing promoters
People from the Bronx | {'title': 'Bob Goodman', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Goodman', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Harold Edwin Clamp (14 September 1934 – 14 December 1995) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Arsenal, Peterborough United, Stoke City and Wolverhampton Wanderers. Through his career he was renowned for his 'take no prisoners' style of play and was nicknamed 'Chopper Eddie'.
Career
Clamp joined Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1950, turning professional in April 1952, before breaking into the first team to make his debut on 6 March 1954, away at Manchester United. He made one further appearance that season as he club won their first league title. He later became an integral part of the first team and won League Championships in (1957–58 and 1958–59) and the 1960 FA Cup. He played over 200 matches for Wolves before signing for Arsenal for £34,000 in November 1961. The last signing made by George Swindin, he made his debut against Nottingham Forest on 18 November 1961 but stayed only ten months. His tough tackling style had failed to find favour with his former teammate, now Arsenal manager, Billy Wright, and so he was sold to Stoke City in September 1962 for £35,000.
At Stoke, he won the Second Division title in 1962–63, playing alongside Stanley Matthews. After Ron "Chopper" Harris had poleaxed Matthews in one game Clamp threatened Harris, only to be admonished by the referee, an angry Clamp said "Thats the trouble with you referees. You don't care which side wins!" Matthews said in his autobiography that this was one of the greatest lines ever said on a football pitch. He was described as 'mad' by Stoke trainer Frank Mountford and on more than one occasion he would headbutt an opponent whilst the referee's attention was diverted. He played 28 times for the "Potters" in 1963–64 helping Stoke to reach the League Cup final. But with Clamp again suspended Stoke lost 4–3 over two legs.
He finished his league career at Peterborough United, before dropping into the non-league with Worcester City and Lower Gornal. He retired from football in 1969 to run a building and decorating business in Wednesfield and later became a bricklayer. Clamp also played four times for the England national football team, including three matches in the 1958 FIFA World Cup, after making his debut just before the tournament in a friendly draw in Russia on 18 May before 102,000 spectators.
His mother, Sarah, was Wolverhampton Wanderers' laundry lady for some 30 years beginning in the 1950s before retiring in the 1980s. She outlived her son by 11 years, dying in November 2006 at the age of 94.
Career statistics
Club
Source:
A. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the FA Charity Shield and European Cup.
International
Source:
Honours
Wolverhampton Wanderers
FA Youth Cup runners-up: 1953
Football League First Division: 1957–58, 1958–59
FA Cup: 1960
Stoke City
Football League Second Division: 1962–63
References
1934 births
1995 deaths
English footballers
England international footballers
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Worcester City F.C. players
1958 FIFA World Cup players
English Football League players
People from Coalville
Footballers from Leicestershire
People from Wednesfield
English Football League representative players
Association football midfielders
FA Cup Final players | {'title': 'Eddie Clamp', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie%20Clamp', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Subsets and Splits