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The Division of Wentworth is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales.
History
The division was proclaimed in 1900 and was one of the original 65 divisions contested at the first federal election. The division is named after William Charles Wentworth (1790–1872), an Australian explorer and statesman. In 1813 he accompanied Blaxland and Lawson on their crossing of the Blue Mountains.
Historically considered a safe seat for the Liberal Party of Australia, Wentworth is one of only two original federation divisions in New South Wales, along with the Division of North Sydney, which have never been held by the Australian Labor Party, though Labor candidate Jessie Street came within 1.6 percent of winning Wentworth at the 1943 election landslide. The electorate is the nation's wealthiest, contains the nation's largest Jewish population and contains the nation's fifth-largest number of same-sex couples.
Its most prominent member was Malcolm Turnbull, who served as Prime Minister of Australia from September 2015 until August 2018. Other prominent members have included Sir Eric Harrison, who was the first Deputy of the Liberal Party; Les Bury and Bob Ellicott, who both served as prolific ministers in successive Liberal governments of the 1960s and 1970s; Peter Coleman, who had served as New South Wales Opposition Leader from 1977 until he lost his seat in the 1978 state election; and John Hewson, who served as Opposition Leader from 1990 to 1994, and who like Turnbull after him served as the federal Liberal leader whilst in his second term as the MP for Wentworth.
In August 2018, a challenge by Peter Dutton led to two Liberal leadership spills. Following the second spill on 24 August 2018, Treasurer Scott Morrison defeated Dutton in a leadership ballot. Turnbull did not nominate as a candidate, and immediately resigned as Prime Minister. On 31 August 2018 Turnbull resigned from Parliament, triggering the 2018 Wentworth by-election on 20 October 2018, which was won by independent candidate Kerryn Phelps. Phelps lost her seat to Dave Sharma in the 2019 Australian federal election.
Sharma lost the seat in the May 2022 Australian federal election to "teal independent" Allegra Spender.
Boundaries
Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.
Wentworth is the second-smallest geographical electoral division in the Parliament with an area of just , covering Woolloomooloo along the southern shore of Sydney Harbour to Watsons Bay and down the coast to Clovelly—an area largely coextensive with Sydney's Eastern Suburbs. The western boundary runs along Oxford Street, Flinders Street and South Dowling Street, then eastward along Alison Road to Randwick Racecourse and Clovelly Beach. It includes the suburbs of Bellevue Hill, Ben Buckler, Bondi, Bondi Beach, Bondi Junction, Bronte, Centennial Park, Darling Point, Double Bay, Dover Heights, Edgecliff, Moore Park, North Bondi, Paddington, Point Piper, Queens Park, Rose Bay, Rushcutters Bay, Tamarama, Vaucluse, Watsons Bay, Waverley and Woollahra; as well as parts of Clovelly, Darlinghurst, East Sydney, Elizabeth Bay, Kings Cross, Potts Point and Randwick.
Members
Election results
References
External links
Division of Wentworth – Australian Electoral Commission
Electoral divisions of Australia
Constituencies established in 1901
1901 establishments in Australia | {'title': 'Division of Wentworth', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20of%20Wentworth', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Francis Bain (February 25, 1842 – November 20, 1894) was an author, scientist and farmer from North River, Prince Edward Island.
In 1865, in his time away from managing his family farm, he began a career as an amateur naturalist, collecting and cataloging the flora, fauna, and seashells of the island. He was especially interested in geology, and became an expert on the bedrock and fossils of PEI. In an 1882 study, he proposed that it would be possible to dig a tunnel under the Northumberland Strait, which would have enabled the federal government to honour its commitment made when PEI entered Confederation, that constant communication with the mainland be provided. He would later be hired by the federal government to do a more in-depth investigation of the idea, although it was never carried out.
Following Sir William Dawson's geological report of 1871, Bain continued the quest to explore the Island's rocks for fossils. Bain added to the record of fossil plants in particular. One of his discoveries was named by Sir William in his honour: Tylodendron baini. Bain wrote enthusiastically on natural history in a column in the Daily Examiner, as well as publishing many papers in scholarly journals. He authored two books The natural history of Prince Edward Island (1890) and Birds of Prince Edward Island (1891).
A monument in his honour is located in Queens Square in Charlottetown, incorporating a glacial erratic hauled to the site.
External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Birds of Prince Edward Island : their habits and characteristics (1891) at Internet Archive
The natural history of Prince Edward Island at Internet Archive
1842 births
1894 deaths
Canadian naturalists
People from Queens County, Prince Edward Island
19th-century Canadian scientists
Scientists from Prince Edward Island | {'title': 'Francis Bain', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Bain', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Twelve is an American comic book limited series from Marvel Comics, which the company announced in July 2007 would run twelve issues beginning spring 2008, with the creative team of writer J. Michael Straczynski and artist Chris Weston. The series stars 12 obscure superheroes from Marvel's earliest incarnation as Timely Comics from the 1940s period historians and fans call the Golden Age of Comic Books.
Publication history
Writer J. Michael Straczynski said in July 2007 that the story concerns 12 superhumans randomly kidnapped by the Nazis during World War II to study their powers for the Nazis' "Master Race" efforts. The superhumans were put in cryonic suspended-animation until the present day, when a construction project in Berlin, Germany inadvertently uncovers them. The series explores the culture shock of people from the 1940s being revived in the present day: "I wanted to explore their reactions to us, and our reactions to them ... what was good about the World War II period that we lost, and what was not so good about it that we've eliminated in all but them".
In early 2009, Marvel editor-in-chief Joe Quesada said the series was put "on hold" after issue #8 (Nov. 2008) because of Straczynski's increased demand as a screenwriter after the success of Changeling, and artist Weston's having taken on conceptual art and storyboarding on a separate film project. The series remained on indefinite hiatus throughout 2009. In February 2010, Straczynski said that the series would be resuming later that year. In November of that year, with no further issues having appeared, Straczynski said Weston "has now caught up on the artwork", without specifying an issue or page-count, and that he intended to continue scripting. According to news site Bleeding Cool, as of April 2011, Weston had just begun inking pencils for issue eleven. The Twelve was completed in September. Issues 9 & 10 came out in February 2012, #11 in March, and #12 in April.
Plot synopsis
As related by the Phantom Reporter: During the World War II Battle of Berlin in 1945, a dozen of the many superheroes and masked crimefighters of that era are ambushed by Nazis in the basement of an SS building, where the heroes are gassed and placed into cryogenic suspension for later experimentation, but the building is air bombed soon after and anyone aware of their situation is killed. In the present day, construction workers find this bunker, and the Twelve, as they become known, are revived. Put into the care of the U.S. military, they are housed together in a mansion where they receive counseling and support, are gradually made to understand that decades have passed, and are offered a role as heroes in the 21st century.
The Twelve adjust in various ways: The Blue Blade becomes a celebrity; the Phantom Reporter starts a column for the Daily Bugle, Dynamic Man allies himself with the FBI and other law-enforcement agencies and throws himself into heroics; the Black Widow reconnects as the "instrument of vengeance" of an unknown party and begins going on missions; and Rockman bemoans being cut off from an underground kingdom that may or may not exist. On ballistics evidence, police arrest the Laughing Mask for a 1940s murder. In addition, the daughter of the creator of the robot Electro reclaims possession of the robot.
In the framing story (set "much later"), the Phantom Reporter, gun in hand, stands over the body of the Blue Blade, regretting the man's death and vowing to find the killer.
The Phantom Reporter is ultimately able to reveal the killer, in a classic mystery setup that involves rounding up the rest of the cast from their various pursuits and explaining the events step by step. The recent spate of unexplained crimes, including an attack on a gay bar Dynamic Man had visited, was carried out by Electro under the control of Dynamic Man, who is forced to admit he also is an artificial being. Blue Blade, after hooking himself up to Electro's control apparatus, discovered this, and so Dynamic Man had Electro attack and kill him. Phantom Reporter has the Fiery Mask burn off Dynamic Man's costume, revealing him to be a "man" who will never be anatomically correct. It is inferred that his creator's phobias about sexual purity were transferred to Dynamic Man, thus explaining his discomfort with interracial marriages and the homophobia he has displayed throughout the series. He attacks the mansion, trying to trap and kill the others, but all manage to escape due to a sacrifice by Rockman.
After fleeing to his creator's home and laboratory, he is confronted by Phantom Reporter along with Captain Wonder, Mastermind Excello, and Fiery Mask. Dynamic Man kills Fiery Mask by crushing his larynx, but FM manages to pass his powers along to the Phantom Reporter. Dynamic Man is destroyed by the Reporter, while Captain Wonder holds him in place, suffering horrible burns. Later, at a funeral for Fiery Mask, the others discuss their future plans. Mister E plans on retiring to spend time with his family, to make up for his previous rejection of his Jewish identity. Rockman is not found, though it's believed he escaped and may have finally found his lost underground world and family.
The Witness leaves, to work with S.H.I.E.L.D. to find those who deserve justice, with Nick Fury's blessing (they had a meeting at a pier in Italy). He is seen confronting a "wanted" man somewhere in Italy, at some later date. Phantom Reporter states he never saw The Witness again. Captain Wonder goes back into action, but with a gold half-mask covering his facial scars. Mastermind Excello has used his wealth to buy a private security company, renamed EXC Enterprises, and sets up Phantom Reporter and the Black Widow as operatives. Laughing Mask is given a deal (which views his cryogenic sleep as time served) for his previous crimes and now controls Electro, going after terrorists in sanctioned military strikes. Despite the history of loss, betrayal and punishment, the series ends on a note of hope for the survivors. In the closing scene, Phantom Reporter, in a new "combat suit" with a flame emblem, and Black Widow, back in her old "spider web" costume, are seen heading towards a new mission at an unknown location, having been sent there by Mastermind Excello's "EXC Corporation". Richard and Claire now seem, according to the phrase repeated over and over by Richard, to now be called "Fire" and "Shadow".
Membership
The Twelve are:
Blue Blade
Black Widow
Captain Wonder: (Professor Jeff Jordan) This character was first published by Timely Comics. He possesses the power of super strength. He first appeared in Kid Komics #1 (Feb 1943) and #2 (Summer 1943).
Dynamic Man
Electro
Fiery Mask
Laughing Mask
Master Mind Excello
Mister E
Phantom Reporter
Rockman
Witness
Collected editions
Volume 1 (collects The Twelve #1–6, 144 pages, hardcover, October 2008, )
Volume 2 (collects The Twelve #7–12 and The Twelve: Spearhead #1, hardcover, July 2012, )
The Twelve (collects all 12 issues, soft cover, 2014, )
The Twelve (collects all 12 issues and The Twelve: Spearhead #1, hard cover, )
Additional issues
The Twelve #0 (Golden Age reprints, plus character designs, 2008)
The Twelve #½ (Golden Age reprints, 2008)
Spearhead #1 (one-shot, original story set in WWII by Chris Weston, May 2010)
Daring Mystery 70th Anniversary Special (one-shot by David Liss, plus Golden Age reprints, 2009)
Notes
References
External links
JMS Talks Timely About The Twelve, Comic Book Resources, November 1, 2007
Crossover comics
2008 comics debuts
2009 comics endings
Comics by J. Michael Straczynski | {'title': 'The Twelve (comics)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Twelve%20%28comics%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
John Peter Galanis (born 1943) is an American financier in the 1970s and 1980s, who became a notorious white-collar criminal. Galanis has four sons and, at the age of 76, is currently incarcerated at Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island in San Pedro, California, after being convicted in 2019 for defrauding a Native American tribal entity and various investment advisory clients of tens of millions of dollars in a fraudulent and deceptive bond scam.
Early life
Galanis was born in the Boston, Massachusetts area and grew up on a farm.
Crimes
1970s
In 1971, three investors in a company named Armstrong Investors amended a civil complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, in the case of Delfino v. Armstrong Investors S.A., seeking to recover $13.5 million in damages for the alleged weakening of their investment by fraudulent or negligent conduct of Armstrong, its affiliates and partners, including Everest Management Corporation (the investment manager for Armstrong). Galanis was an officer.
Ultimately, nine criminal actions were brought for violations of the securities laws. Galanis was charged with looting the securities and cash of domestic and offshore mutual funds and also charged with engaging in a scheme to defraud domestic and foreign mutual funds, and was sentenced to prison.
1980s
On June 8, 1983, Galanis was charged, along with two former Chase Manhattan Bank vice presidents with stealing $9.5 million from Chase through fraudulent loans in 1978 and 1979. The case was brought by Manhattan District Attorney, Robert M. Morgenthau.
On May 12, 1987, Galanis was charged in separate federal and state cases in Manhattan with stealing more than $115 million from investors and cheating the government of millions of dollars in false tax deductions.
Galanis was promoting a tax shelter.
In the federal case, as announced by then United States Attorney Rudolph W. Giuliani in Manhattan, involved "a massive racketeering scheme" with Galanis operating a tax shelter program that obtained about $40 million from about 2,500 investors. Giuliani called Galanis "a career white-collar criminal."
The scheme was this: Galanis's company lent the investors $4 for each $1 they invested and told them that they were eligible to deduct four times their actual investment on their taxes. However, the loans were fabricated.
In the New York state case, Galanis was charged with selling real-estate tax shelters involving the Nashua Trust Company, which was said to be acquiring and developing non-casino hotels in Atlantic City. None of that work ever happened. As many as 1,400 investors entrusted Galanis with $75 million. The cash was used to pay other debts with $6 million going to Galanis's family. Comedic film actor Eddie Murphy was an investor with Galanis.
On September 16, 1987, a new 58-count Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) indictment was served to Galanis, along with eight others, for a Greenwich, Connecticut-based racketeering enterprise.
Here, Galanis' company took control of three mutual funds in Oakland, California, ISI Trust Fund, ISI Growth Fund, and ISI Income Fund. Galanis was accused of obtaining $3.9 million by selling the funds securities at inflated prices and also fraudulently obtaining control of the Columbia Federal Savings Bank of Westport, Connecticut through lying to the Federal Home Loan Bank Board.
On September 29, 1988, Galanis was ultimately sentenced to 27 years in federal prison for 44 counts of involvement in a racketeering enterprise after being convicted in July 1988, of which he served 13 years.
He stated at his sentencing: "My arrogance did not allow me to fully examine the events through another's eyes. I thought of myself as a kind man, imparting good values, not a racketeer".
2000s
In 2001, Galanis was released from prison on a work release program and disappeared.
In 2019, he was tried and sentenced to 10 years in federal prison, and is currently incarcerated at Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island in San Pedro, California, after being convicted in 2019 for defrauding a Native American tribal entity and various investment advisory clients of tens of millions of dollars in a fraudulent and deceptive bond scam. His son, Jason, was convicted in the same scheme in 2017 and sentenced to 173 months.
References
1943 births
Living people
American financiers
American investors
American white-collar criminals
American people convicted of theft
American people convicted of fraud
American businesspeople convicted of crimes
Businesspeople from Boston
Corporate crime | {'title': 'John Peter Galanis', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Peter%20Galanis', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Voters of the Republican Party elected state delegations to the 2012 Republican National Convention in presidential primaries. The national convention then selected its nominee to run for President of the United States in the 2012 presidential election. There were 2,286 delegates chosen, and a candidate needed to accumulate 1,144 delegate votes at the convention to win the nomination. The caucuses allocated delegates to the respective state delegations to the national convention, but the actual election of the delegates were, many times, at a later date. Delegates were elected in different ways that vary from state to state. They could be elected at local conventions, selected from slates submitted by the candidates, selected at committee meetings, or elected directly at the caucuses and primaries.
The primary contest began in 2011 with a fairly wide field. Mitt Romney, the former governor of Massachusetts and the runner-up in the 2008 primaries, had been preparing to run for president ever since the 2008 election, and was from early on the favorite to win the nomination. However, he lacked support from the party's conservative wing and the media narrative became: "Who will be the anti-Romney candidate?" Several candidates rose in the polls throughout the year. However, the field was down to four candidates by February 2012: Former House speaker Newt Gingrich, U.S. Congressman Ron Paul, former Governor Romney and former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum. It was the first presidential primary to be affected by a Supreme Court ruling that allowed unlimited independent expenditures to support or oppose candidates through super PACs.
Three different candidates won the first three contests. Santorum, who had been running a one-state campaign in Iowa, narrowly won in that state's caucuses by a handful of votes over Romney (who was thought to have won the caucuses before a recount). Romney won New Hampshire, but lost South Carolina to Gingrich. From there, Romney regained his momentum by winning the crucial state of Florida, while Santorum took his campaign national and carried three more states before Super Tuesday, while Romney carried seven states.
Super Tuesday primaries took place on March 6. With ten states voting and 391 delegates being allocated, it had less than half the potential impact of its 2008 predecessor. Romney carried six states and Santorum three, while Gingrich won his home state of Georgia. Twelve more events were held in March, including all of the territorial contests and the first local conventions that allocated delegates (Wyoming's county conventions). Santorum won Kansas and three Southern primaries, but was unable to make any significant gains on Romney, who maintained a solid lead over all other contenders after securing more than half of the delegates allocated in the month of March.
Santorum suspended his campaign on April 10, a week after losing Wisconsin and two other primaries to Romney. Gingrich followed suit on May 2, after the Republican National Committee (RNC) declared Romney the presumptive nominee on April 25 and put its resources behind him. On May 14, Paul announced that he would suspend funding the remaining primary contests and devote his resources to winning delegates at state conventions. He then won majorities in delegations of three states whose non-binding primaries had been in favor of other candidates. On May 29, Romney reached the nominating threshold of 1,144 delegates by most projected counts following his primary win in Texas and was congratulated by RNC Chairman Reince Priebus for "securing the delegates needed to be our party's official nominee at our convention in Tampa." With his subsequent victories in California and several smaller states, Romney surpassed a majority of bound delegates on June 5.
Romney chose congressman Paul Ryan to be his running mate, but they went on to lose the general election to incumbent President Barack Obama. Ryan later went on to serve a term as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and Romney was elected to the U.S. Senate from Utah in 2018.
Candidates
2012 Republican nominee
Did not withdraw
May 14, 2012, Paul announced that he would no longer actively campaign in states that have not held primaries, but rather focus on a strategy to secure delegates before the convention. Leading up to the convention, Ron Paul won bound pluralities of the official delegations from the states of Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, Nevada, and Oregon (but not the Virgin Islands, despite winning the popular vote there). Due to disputes these were reduced to Iowa, Minnesota, and Nevada; however, he additionally had nomination-from-the-floor-pluralities in the states of Oregon and Alaska, plus the Virgin Islands. Although he wasn't named the 2012 Republican nominee, he did not officially end his campaign or endorse nominee Mitt Romney for president. At the convention, Ron Paul received second place with 8% of the delegates.
Withdrew after the primaries
Karger was not invited to any of the televised debates, but participated in the December WePolls.com online debate along with Gary Johnson and Buddy Roemer. He came in 4th place with 1,893 votes in Puerto Rico, 1,180 votes in Michigan, 10 votes in Iowa, 345 votes in New Hampshire, 377 votes in Maryland, 6,481 votes in his home state of California, and 545 votes in Utah, amounting up to a total of 10,831 votes. He withdrew following a 5th-place finish in the Utah primary, which was the final primary of the 2012 cycle. Karger received no delegate votes at the convention.
Withdrew during the primaries
The following individuals participated in at least two presidential debates. They withdrew or suspended their campaigns at some point after the Iowa caucuses on January 3, 2012. They are listed in order of exit, starting with the most recent.
Declined to seek nomination
Delegate Hard Count: This only included bound delegates that had to vote for a candidate even if they supported another candidate.
Delegate Soft Count: This only included delegates allocated at the primaries and unallocated delegates that were elected at their local conventions or committees. It did not include any projections on future local conventions or the 117 unbound RNC delegates that were not a part of the primary election process. A breakdown of this historical count is found in the Primary Schedule below.
Plurality: A candidate secured a delegation when he has the highest number of delegates that could vote for him on the first ballot in the nomination at the National Convention. According to RNC rules it took plurality in five delegations to be on the first ballot at the National Convention, and it took 1,144 delegates at the roll call of the ballots to become the Republican nominee.
Timeline of the race
The primary contests took place from January 3 to July 14 and elected and allocated 2,286 voting delegates to the 2012 Republican National Convention in the week of August 27. To become the Republican Party's nominee for the 2012 presidential election a candidate needed a majority of 1,144 delegates to vote for him and plurality in five state delegations. The 2012 race was significantly different from earlier races. Many states switched from their old winner-take-all allocation to proportional allocation. Many remaining winner-take-all states allocated delegates to both the winner of each congressional district and the winner of the state. The change was made to prolong the race, giving lesser known candidates a chance and making it harder for a frontrunner to secure the majority early. It was also hoped that this change in the election system would energize the base of the party.
Most of the candidates started their campaigns in mid-2011, but after the first two primaries in Iowa and New Hampshire, only four well-funded campaigns (Romney, Gingrich, Santorum, and Paul) remained for the Republican Party nomination; Gary Johnson had withdrawn to run on the Libertarian ticket, and Buddy Roemer sought the American Elect nomination. At the beginning of May, Gingrich and Santorum suspended their campaigns; Romney was widely reported as the presumptive nominee, with Paul the only other major candidate running an active campaign.
Beginning (2011)
The 2008 Republican National Convention decided that the 2012 primary schedule generally would be subject to the same rules as the 2008 delegate selection contests, but on August 6, 2010, the Republican National Committee (RNC) adopted new rules for the timing of elections, with 103 votes in favor out of 144. Under this plan, allocation of delegates to the national convention were to be divided into three periods:
February 1 – March 5, 2012: Contests of traditional early states Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada and South Carolina,
March 6–31, 2012: Contests that proportionally allocate delegates,
April 1, 2012, and onward: All other contests including winner-take-all elections.
Several states, most notably Florida, scheduled their allocating contests earlier than prescribed, and in response every traditional early state except Nevada pushed their contests back into January. As a result of their violation of RNC rules, these states were penalized with a loss of half their delegates, including voting right for RNC delegates. Despite having early caucuses, Iowa, Maine, Colorado, Minnesota and Missouri were not penalized because their contests did not allocate national delegates.
The start of the 2012 Republican race for president was shaped by the 13 presidential debates of 2011, which began on May 5. Gary Johnson and Buddy Roemer, both former Governors, were left out of most of the debates, leading to complaints of bias. On December 28, 2011, Johnson withdrew to seek the Libertarian Party nomination and on February 23, 2012, Roemer withdrew to seek the Reform Party and the Americans Elect nomination.
Two candidates from the 2008 presidential primaries, Mitt Romney and Ron Paul, ran again in the 2012 primary campaign. Mitt Romney was the early frontrunner, and he maintained a careful, strategic campaign that centered on being an establishment candidate. In the summer of 2011, Romney had a lead in polls and the support of much of the Republican leadership and electorate. However, his lead over the Republican field was precarious, and the entry of new candidates drew considerable media attention. Minnesota Congresswoman Michele Bachmann started her campaign in June and surged in the polls after winning the Ames, Iowa, straw poll in August, knocking out former Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty and Michigan Congressman Thaddeus McCotter, who both withdrew after their poor showings in the non-binding Straw Poll failed to revive their struggling campaigns. Bachmann's momentum was short-lived. The same day that the Ames Straw Poll was being held, Texas Governor Rick Perry was drafted by strong national Republican support. He performed strongly in polls, immediately becoming a serious contender, and soon displaced Bachmann as Romney's major opponent. Perry in turn lost the momentum following poor performances in the September debates, and the third major opponent to Romney's lead, Herman Cain, surged after the sixth debate on September 22. In November, Cain's viability as a candidate was seriously jeopardized after several allegations of sexual harassment surfaced in the media. Although Cain denied the allegations, the fallout from the controversy forced him to suspend his campaign on December 3, 2011.
In November, as Herman Cain's campaign was stumbling, former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich rose in the polls and asserted himself as the fourth major opponent to Romney. Gingrich had come back from serious staff problems in his campaign just weeks after he had entered the race in May that had seemingly derailed his campaign for the nomination. But in the weeks before the Iowa caucus, Gingrich's new-found lead began to quickly evaporate as super PACs sympathetic to Mitt Romney and others spent over $4.4 million in negative advertising targeting the former Speaker. With Gingrich's support faltering, Ron Paul surged to the lead in Iowa. Rick Santorum, who despite spending months traveling to all 99 counties in Iowa and holding some 381 town hall meetings, was polling in the single digits in Iowa as late as December 18. However, in the final weeks of 2011, Santorum positioned himself as the prime opposition to Romney with his staunch socially conservative views.
On the eve of the January 3, 2012 Iowa Caucus, the first real contest of the primary season, Paul, Santorum and Romney were all viewed as possible winners.
Early states (January to March)
Six delegations had primary elections allocating 174 delegates
Seven delegations had caucuses starting the process of electing 182 unallocated delegates
In 2012 there were 13 state contests before Super Tuesday, seven caucuses and 5 primaries. Missouri had a nonbinding straw poll in the form of a primary. Santorum spent months in Iowa, traveling to all 99 counties and holding some 381 town hall meetings. This one state campaign succeeded when he tied with Romney in the Iowa Caucuses on January 3. This first in the nation caucus propelled him into a national campaign while it ended Michele Bachmann's campaign. On the night of the caucuses, Romney was reported the winner of Iowa by only eight votes over Santorum, but after the results were certified, Santorum was declared the winner, beating Romney by 34 votes, despite the results from 8 districts being lost. Newt Gingrich said after Iowa that his positive campaign had been a weakness, and had allowed his rivals to gain the upper hand through negative attacks paid by super PACs supporting them.
Mitt Romney easily won the next contest, New Hampshire, his win seen as a given. Romney had persistently shown popularity in that state, but rivals were intensely fighting for a second-place finish there. Jon Huntsman, Jr., a moderate, had staked his candidacy on New Hampshire and invested heavily in at least a strong second place showing, but after 150 campaign events in the state he ended third after Paul. Both he and Rick Perry dropped out of the race shortly before voting day in South Carolina and the two delegates allocated to Huntsman became unbound.
Romney was expected to virtually clinch the nomination with a win in South Carolina, but Gingrich, from neighboring Georgia, waged an aggressive and successful campaign winning all but one of the state's congressional districts. The Gingrich victory in South Carolina, together with two strong debate performances, gave him a second surge, opening the race to a longer and more unpredictable campaign.
Romney did regain some of his momentum in the next two weeks and won the Florida primary and the Nevada caucuses. However, the race shifted again on February 7, when Santorum swept all three Midwestern states voting that day. By doing so he made a case for himself as the 'Not-Romney' candidate and disrupted Romney's narrative as the unstoppable frontrunner.
Following his victories on February 7, Santorum received a huge boost in momentum as conservatives seeking an alternative to Romney began leaving Gingrich for Santorum. Numerous polls taken after Santorum's victories showed him either leading Romney nationally or close behind. To regain momentum Romney shelved his "no straw polls" policy and actively campaigned to win the CPAC straw poll, which he won with 38 percent to Santorum's 31 percent. He also campaigned in Maine, beating Ron Paul by only three percentage points.
Regaining momentum Romney won the remaining four states. The candidates campaigned heavily in Michigan, and even though Romney won the state vote, he won only 7 out of 14 congressional districts, the rest going to Santorum. The allocation of two at-large delegates in the state was before the election was reported to be given proportionally. After the election Michigan GOP officials announced there had been an error in the memo published and that the two delegates would be given to the winner, sparking accusations of Romney rigging the results from Santorum's team. After thirteen contests the GOP field for the presidential nomination was still wide open.
The numbers for delegates, states, and districts won in these tables include results from local conventions held in states which did not allocate their delegates at the precinct caucuses or primary election. These conventions were generally held on dates later than the table indicates.
† The state did not allocate any delegates at its primary election, they were elected later.
Super Tuesday (March 6)
Nine delegations had primary elections allocating 391 delegates
North Dakota's delegation had caucuses starting the process of electing 25 unallocated delegates
Super Tuesday 2012 took place March 6 when the most simultaneous state presidential primary elections was held in the United States. This election cycle's edition of Super Tuesday, where 17.1 percent of all delegates was allocated, was considerably smaller than the 2008 edition, where 41.5 percent of all delegates was allocated (twenty-one states with 901 delegates). In 2012 delegates were allocated in primaries in seven states and their sixty five congressional districts together with binding caucuses in two states.
North Dakota did not allocate any delegates at their caucuses, but had a consultative straw poll that the NDGOP leadership was required to use as a basic for making a party recommended slate of delegates. The persons on this slate was elected delegates at the April 1 state convention. According to Santorum and Paul supporters the slate was not as required based on the straw poll, but gave Romney a large majority of the delegates. The elected delegates have stated that they will divide up in such a way they reflect the caucus result, even if that means to vote for a candidate other than the one they support.
Romney secured more than half of the delegates available on Super Tuesday but did not secure his status as the inevitable nominee. Gingrich pursued a "southern strategy", winning his home state of Georgia, and even though Santorum carried 3 states, he did not win them with a large enough margin to secure his status as the Not-Romney candidate. In the weeks leading up to March 6, both Gingrich and Santorum experienced ballot problems. The biggest issue was failing to appear on the Virginia primary ballot, leaving that race to Romney and Paul. With only two candidates on the ballot, Paul won 40 percent of the votes and carried one of Virginia's eleven congressional districts.
Santorum had also failed to submit full or any delegate slates in nine of Ohio's congressional districts making him unable to win all delegates in those districts. The state became the big battleground of Super Tuesday and its delegates were split between Romney and Santorum, who won three congressional districts where he didn't have a full slate. This created four unallocated delegates, whose status was to be determined later. But Santorum suspended his campaign before the meeting in the Ohio GOP central committee deciding on the delegates took place and Romney dropped the dispute on May 4 in the interest of party unity.
Mid-March
Seven delegations had primary election allocating 230 delegates
Four smaller territories elected 24 delegates directly at their caucuses
Two delegation had caucuses starting the process of electing 61 unallocated delegates
After Super Tuesday all five territories had their contests. Puerto Rico held a primary and the four smaller insular areas (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa and U.S. Virgin Islands) had convention style caucuses where no straw polls were taken, therefore our table does not show popular vote percentages in these rows but the number of delegates committed to each candidate. Romney secured all but two delegates from the territories. Of the six selected delegates from the Virgin Islands, one was elected as uncommitted, and another bound to Paul. On the Virgin Islands every caucus goer had six votes that he or her could cast for six different delegates. Every person wanting to be a delegate needed to pledge to a candidate or declare to be 'uncommitted' before the voting started. The six persons with the most votes became National Convention delegates. Only four persons ran as delegates pledge to Romney and they all got elected. The persons that ran as delegates pledge to Paul got a plurality of the votes, but only one of them was elected.
Missouri began its process of selecting national delegates with its caucuses from March 17 to April 10. The February primary was non-binding and as such nothing more than a non-binding strawpoll. Santorum won The Louisiana delegation securing 10 delegates for himself, but the election process for the major part of the delegates started at the caucuses on April 28.
As the first state with non-binding caucuses Wyoming elected delegates in the week of March 5. At the county conventions one delegate was elected as uncommitted, while eight delegates was committed to Romney, two to Santorum and one to Paul.
By winning three primaries in the South, Santorum disrupted Gingrich's "Southern Strategy" and took the lead as the 'Not-Romney' candidate. Gingrich won one congressional district and secured only 25 delegates in March. Three days after the Louisiana primary he announced a new "National Convention strategy", which includes laying off one-third of the campaign staff and spending less time on the road campaigning. He was at this point running out of money, having more campaign debt than cash on hand.
Romney maintained a solid lead over all other contenders by securing more than half of the delegates allocated or elected in the month of March. He carried all five territories and two states. And even though he did not secure the nomination in March he continued to be the clear and strong front-runner.
Santorum cruised to victory in Louisiana on March 24, reinforcing the narrative of the race thus far that the underdog Santorum could take the fight to the much more deep-pocketed and organized Romney.
† The state did not allocate any delegates at its primary election, they were elected later.
April
Eight state delegations had primary elections allocating 314 delegates
Louisiana's delegation had caucuses starting the process of electing 28 unallocated delegates
In the last days of March, Romney received many endorsements as party leaders and establishment Republicans started to unite behind him. Most notable were the endorsement of former president George H. W. Bush and the endorsement of Paul Ryan, U.S. representative from Wisconsin and Chairman of the House Committee on the Budget.
Ryan, and U.S. Senator from Wisconsin Ron Johnson, campaigned with Romney before the April 3 primaries. The Super PACs supporting Romney also helped him to win the state using more than US$3 million, almost four times more than spend by the Super PAC supporting Santorum in Wisconsin. Santorum only won three districts in Wisconsin with Romney winning the other five and all eight districts in Maryland along with the federal District of Columbia where Santorum was not even on the ballot.
With momentum building for Romney, Santorum interrupted campaigning (as did Romney) for the Easter holiday to give his campaign staff a chance to be with their families. He used the opportunity to meet with "movement conservatives" to strategize. Four days later, on April 10, 2012, Rick Santorum suspended his campaign without endorsing any other candidate. He was at this point running out of money, having more campaign debt than cash on hand. Santorum won eleven contests (six states that allocated delegates and five non-binding caucus states) and forty-two delegate allocating congressional districts. More than 3.2 million people voted for him and he secured a total of 202 delegates before suspending his campaign. He can show a plurality in six states and that secures him the opportunity of a place on the first ballot nominating the Republican candidate for president at the National Convention.
With Santorum suspending his campaign, Gingrich saw a new hope of reasserting himself as the conservative alternative to Romney. His campaign had been scaling down since his March 24 defeat in the Louisiana primary and was $4.3 million in debt by the end of March. But now it began concentrating on the Delaware primary hoping a win there would be a game changer. The Adelson family that had already supported Gingrich heavily through the "Winning Our Future" super PAC gave another $5 million in late March bringing the PAC's cash on hand up to $5.8 million. But even with all the resources of the Gingrich campaign concentrated in Delaware he still lost the state with 29.4 percent to Romney. On May 2 he officially suspended his campaign. Gingrich won two contest (South Carolina and Georgia) nineteen delegate allocating congressional districts. More than 2.4 million people voted for him and he secured a total of 131 delegates before suspending his campaign. He could only show plurality in two states and was therefore not going to appear on the first ballot nominating the Republican candidate for president at the National Convention.
Four states that didn't allocate delegates at their earlier caucuses had conventions in April. At the Wyoming state convention (April 12–14), just after Santorum had suspended his campaign, the state delegates united behind Romney and all 14 at-large delegates pledged to him. The same did not happen the same weekend at Colorado's state and district conventions. Santorum and Paul supporters came together to form the "Conservative Unity Slate" in an attempt to stop all the National Convention delegates from Colorado from supporting Romney. However, Romney won a narrow plurality in the state delegation despite this opposing slate. Missouri had its district conventions a week after (April 21). Santorum had carried every county at the nonbinding primary in February and many of his supporters threw their support to Romney who got half of the delegates. Paul won one out of the eight district conventions. Minnesota's district conventions were spread out over most of April and they were all but one won by Paul who secured a plurality in the state delegation even before the state convention in May.
Romney won all eight primaries of the month and on April 25 the RNC declared Romney the presumptive nominee, putting resources behind him.
May
Twelve delegations had primary elections allocating 679 delegates
Two delegations had caucuses starting the process of electing 55 unallocated delegates
On May 2, 2012, Newt Gingrich "mothballed" his campaign saying that a second term of president Obama would be disastrous. Gingrich mentioned Republican front-runner Mitt Romney during his press speech, but did not endorse him. He intended to officially endorse Mr. Romney at a "to-be-scheduled event" featuring both Republican leaders. "Today I am suspending the campaign, but suspending the campaign does not mean suspending citizenship," Gingrich said, with his wife Callista at his side.
On May 7, 2012, after Romney visited him, Santorum urged his supporters to back Romney's campaign and said, "You can be sure that I will work with the governor to help him in this task to ensure he has a strong team that will support him in his conservative policy initiatives." "We both agree that President Obama must be defeated," Santorum, 53, said in an e-mailed statement last night, "[Romney] clearly understands that having pro-family initiatives are not only the morally and economically right thing to do, but that the family is the basic building block of our society."
On May 14, Paul announced that he would halt campaigning in states that had not yet at that point held their primaries, citing a lack of money needed to do so. Instead, the Paul campaign sought more delegates in state conventions in states that already held primaries.
Continuing on May 15, Romney won the primaries in Oregon and Nebraska with Paul second in Oregon and Santorum second in Nebraska. On May 22, Romney swept Kentucky and Arkansas primaries. He claimed to have exceeded the nominating threshold in Texas, May 29. In fourth, Ron Paul worked behind the scenes to secure delegates in local caucuses following state primary elections. He later surpassed Gingrich, but not Santorum, behind front-runner Romney.
June
Seven state delegations held primary elections or caucuses and allocated 586 delegates
On June 5, California, New Jersey, South Dakota, and New Mexico added 264 delegates to the Romney count, bringing his total to 1,480 pledged delegates, exceeding the requisite 1,144 delegates for nomination at the Republican National Convention. Despite this, the following week 123 mostly Paul-aligned delegates, currently legally bound to support Romney at the convention, brought an ongoing federal lawsuit against the RNC and its chairman to instead be able to vote "in accordance with the free exercise of their conscience." Paul adviser Jesse Benton commented, "We have nothing to do with it and do not support it."
Also in June, the three remaining states voting in primaries, Utah, Nebraska, and Montana, added the final 101 delegates to attend the Republican National Convention.
July
On Saturday, July 14, the Nebraska State Republican Convention selected 32 at-large delegates to the Republican National Convention. In addition, three party leaders attend: Nebraska's National Committeeman, Nebraska's National Committeewoman, and chairman of the Nebraska Republican Party, who are unpledged delegates by virtue of their position. The prospective delegates indicated their presidential preference (and were bound to vote for that candidate for the first two ballots at the Republican National Convention). This was the last state Republican convention and Romney garnered support of 30 Nebraska delegates; and Ron Paul, the support of two Nebraska delegates.
All 2,286 delegates were to be finalized before the vote at the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Florida, August 27–31.
August
50 states, the District of Columbia, two commonwealths and three territories sent 2,286 delegates to convention.
The US commonwealths attending were Puerto Rico and Northern Mariana Islands.
The US territories attending were American Samoa, Guam, and US Virgin Islands.
On August 11, 2012, Romney announced the selection of Representative Paul Ryan of Wisconsin as his vice-presidential running mate. In front of the battleship USS Wisconsin in Virginia, Governor of Virginia Bob McDonnell introduced Romney to make his announcement to a cheering and supportive crowd. The announcement came two weeks before the Republican National Convention and led immediately into a bus tour to battleground states.
Ron Paul led a rally in Tampa Bay, Florida, on Sunday, the day before the Republican National Convention was to begin. "No matter the outcome of the national convention, Constitutional Conservatism will benefit the nation", a Paul spokesperson said.
Leading into the national convention, preliminary delegate counts {soft, firm} were: Romney{1,545, 1,399}; Paul{173,100}; Santorum{248,251}; Gingrich{142,143}; Others{1,3}; Available{147,63}; and Uncommitted{30,327}. These totals changed as delegates switched their support to Romney or Paul at the convention. A simple majority of 1,144 delegate votes were needed to win nomination.
Within the first hours of convention, each state declared their delegation vote to the nation—Romney won the nomination with 2,061 delegate votes. Other candidates, including Bachmann, Santorum, and mainly Ron Paul, garnered 202 votes, with 23 delegates abstaining. The Romney-Ryan ticket was formalized.
The final official votes for the Republican nominees for president and vice president took place at the Republican National Convention in Tampa Bay, Florida—the three-day convention from Tuesday, August 28, to Thursday, August 30. The 2012 Democratic National Convention followed in the first week of September in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Schedule and process
The primary elections took place from January 3 to July 14 and allocated and elected 2,286 voting delegates and 2,125 alternate delegates in 56 delegations to the 2012 Republican National Convention in the week of August 27.
The total base number of delegates allocated to each of the 50 U.S. states is 10 at-large delegates, plus 3 delegates per congressional district. In addition, fixed numbers of at-large delegates are allocated to Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Northern Mariana Islands under the party's delegate selection rules. States are awarded bonus delegates based on the following factors:
Bonus delegates to each state that cast a majority of their Electoral College votes for the Grand Old Party (GOP) candidate in the 2008 presidential election
One bonus delegate for each GOP senator
One bonus delegate to each state that has a GOP majority in their delegation to the House of Representatives
One bonus delegate for each state that has a GOP governor
Bonus delegates for majorities in one or all of the chambers in their state legislature.
The two Republican National Committee members from each state and territory and the chairperson of the state's Republican Party are delegates unless the state is penalized for violating the RNC's scheduling rules. The individual states decide whether these delegates are bound or unbound.
A candidate must have a plurality in five state delegations in order to be on the first ballot at national convention. For the purposes of these primaries, the five territories and D.C. are counted as states (Rule 27). This five-state rule is Rule No. 40 of the rules of the Republican Party as adopted by the 2008 Republican National Convention and amended by the Republican National Committee on August 6, 2010. It is the rule outlining the way the convention will nominate the Republican candidate for president.
The primary election table below shows how and when the National Convention delegates are allocated and elected. This means it does not include straw polls, primary or other kinds. And it do not include the dates for different local conventions where delegates are already allocated are elected.
Dates: The first date column is the date of primary or caucuses where the election process for the delegation starts. This event can allocated delegate or let them stay unallocated. But two more dates are important in the process, the date when congressional district delegates are (s)elected and the date when state delegates are (s)elected. Some event stretches for more than one day, if so the date stated in the table is the end day of the event. This is done for technical reasons.
State Delegation Each delegation are made up of up to three kinds of delegates. Party members, delegates from the congressional districts and delegates from the state at-large. They can either be bound, meaning that they are legally or morally bound to vote for a candidate for at least the first ballot at the National Convention, or they can be unbound, meaning that they are free to vote for any candidate at the National Convention. Some delegates are only morally bound, meaning that they are allocated to a candidate or elected on his ticket but are not legally bound to vote for him. Some delegates are unbound but are elected at their local conventions because they are strong supporters of a candidate. This means that the binding status of a delegate only become of importance if no candidate have reached a majority of delegates before the National Convention. If a candidate suspends his campaign the delegates allocated and/or elected to him may become unbound depending on state rules. Five delegations (#) have been penalized for breaking RNC election guidelines, meaning that their number of delegates have been cut in half and their party leaders have been banned from voting. Ten delegations (†) have chosen to bind their party leaders to the result of the allocating event instead of leaving them unbound.
Allocation: Delegates can either be allocated or unallocated at the starting primary or caucuses. The contests that allocated delegates on state and district levels uses following allocating systems:
Winner-take-all. The candidate receiving the most votes are allocated all the delegates.
Proportional. Most states that allocated proportionally have thresholds ranging from 10 to 25 percent of the vote.
Election All delegates allocated as unallocated are (s)elected. In the race to get a majority of the delegates the events electing unallocated delegates naturally receive most attention. The methods are:
Convention. Except from Wyoming county conventions all these conventions are at the state and district level.
Direct election. Instead of voting for a candidate at the primary or caucuses the voters elect the delegates directly. The delegates can state their presidential preference and in that way be elected on a candidates "ticket"
Slate. Before the primary or caucuses each candidate submits a slate with prospective delegates. The allocated delegates are then selected from these slates.
Committee. The state GOP executive committee or its chairman selects the delegates.
Secured delegates: These columns do not list the 117 unbound RNC delegates that are not a part of the primary election process. Five candidates secured delegates, they are listed in a candidates' column when they are allocated to him or when they after or at their election have pledge to him. Huntsman's (the fifth candidate) two New Hampshire delegates are listed as uncommitted. These are numbers that the candidates have actually secured for themselves, not projected counts or counts after a candidate has suspended his campaign and released his candidates. The uncommitted column (last) lists both elected delegates that are still uncommitted and unallocated delegates.
This is a sortable table — links provide quick paths to more information on the different state primaries:
By clicking on the link in the 'State' column you will go to the state or territory article.
By clicking on the link in the 'Contest' column you will go to the state or territory primary or caucuses article.
Click the triangles to sort any column. Click twice to bring the largest numbers to the top.
Primary schedule
Delegate counts during the primaries. This is not the convention roll call and does not included the 117 unbound RNC delegates.
Source: USA Today and The Green Papers
A simple majority of 1,144 delegate votes were needed to win nomination—the national convention roll call gave Romney-Ryan 2,061 votes.
Notes
# These states are penalized for breaking RNC schedule guidelines. The penalty cuts the delegation number in half and removes voting privileges from the party leader delegates.
† These states are binding their party leader (RNC) delegates to the primary result.
a Delegates are morally, but not legally, bound to a candidate.
b Wyoming has only one congressional district, so the 12 CD delegates are elected in the 23 counties that are paired together.
c Ohio Republican central committee will decided how to allocate the four unallocated delegates in April.
d Tennessee Republican central committee selects the 14 AL delegates.
e Louisiana allocated 15 bound delegates proportional in a March 24 primary election.
f Montana's caucus is its convention. The delegates to this caucus are selected by the counties' central committees at least 10 days before the date of state convention.
g North Dakota's delegation meets before the National Convention to voluntarily divide the whole delegation according to its caucus result.
Delegate changes at the convention
Some of the state delegations made and announced their final decisions on Tuesday, the first full day of the Republican National Convention.
Santorum and Gingrich released their delegates and encouraged them to vote for Romney, but Paul did not; his campaign instead tried to secure more delegate votes during the convention, and carried a dispute over Louisiana's delegates into the convention. Ron Paul later compromised to get 17 of Louisiana's delegates. Montana withheld announcing their support—Paul had hoped Montana would swing to him on the convention floor. However, just before the convention, the 26 Montana delegates united behind Romney.
Results by popular vote
Counties carried
Margin of victory
Convention roll call
See also
Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2012
Endorsements for the Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012
Fundraising for the 2012 United States presidential election
List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets
Nationwide opinion polling for the Republican Party 2012 presidential primaries
Primary election, covering other nations, as well as the United States
Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, 2012
Statewide opinion polling for the Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012
Straw polls for the Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012
Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016
References
External links
Official RNC delegate count in June, 2012:
Final Green Papers delegate count: before convention
Results of Primaries, with current total delegates for each candidate, USA Today
Republican Primary Tracker, The Washington Post
Republican Primary Tracker, The Wall Street Journal
Republican Primary 17-poll average from The Wall Street Journal
State-by-state scorecard: Complete state results and national totals for the 2012 Republican race, CNN
2012 Election Central Analysis and news of debates and voting
Complete descriptions of delegate allocation, The Green Papers
Major state elections in chronological order, The Green Papers
Republican 2012 Delegate Count, Current Summary, The Green Papers]
America's Choice 2012: 2012 Primaries and caucuses results, CNN
Republican National Convention, Tampa, Florida, August 27—30, 2012
Rules for the 2012 Republican National Convention.
Articles which contain graphical timelines | {'title': '2012 Republican Party presidential primaries', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%20Republican%20Party%20presidential%20primaries', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Nunhead Football Club were an English football club from Nunhead, Greater London. The club were prominent in southern English non-league football prior to World War II, but ceased all playing activities at the end of the 1940–41 season, and formally folded in 1949.
History
Founded as Wingfield House in 1888, the club won the Southern Suburban League Division One in 1903, becoming a senior team in the process. In 1904, the club changed its name to Nunhead, after merging with Honour Oak.
The 1920s and 1930s were probably the most successful period in the club's history, with the team winning the London Senior Cup in 1923 and the Isthmian League championship twice in successive seasons in 1928–29 and 1929–30.
During the 1926–27 season, Nunhead reached the FA Cup second round, losing 2–1 to Poole. The campaign was also notable for Nunhead setting a record for the highest margin of victory by a non-league side in an FA Cup round proper match when they beat Kingstonian 9–0 in the first round. In the 1931–32 season Nunhead were on the receiving end of that same nine goal margin of victory record when they lost 9–0 in the FA Cup first round to Bath City.
In the mid-1930s Denis Compton played for the club. He would go on to play for Arsenal and England.
The Second World War, the termination by the landlords of the club's lease on Brown's Ground, and other financial difficulties led to the end of the club. Day-to-day operations and all playing activities ceased at the end of the 1940–41 season, with the club surviving only on paper until 1949 when they officially resigned from the Football Association and folded.
In 2019, 80 years after the club had folded, a group of Nunhead residents began fundraising for charity in the name of Nunhead Football Club. To celebrate the 90th anniversary of Nunhead's consecutive Isthmian League title wins, a visual archive of the club's history was published online.
Ground
Whilst still known as Wingfield House, the club played at Wavertree Road in Streatham Hill. In 1904, Nunhead moved to Forest Hill to play at the Ivy Ground, before settling at Brown's Ground, formerly used by Southern United, in Nunhead upon election to the Isthmian League in 1908.
The site of the club's ground now forms part of the playing fields of the Haberdashers' Aske's Federation. As late as the early 1980s the old football club's dressing rooms were used by the Haberdashers' Aske's Boys School where they were affectionately referred to as the "Cowsheds".
Notable former players
Albert Cadwell
Denis Compton
Emrys Ellis
Les Henley
Sidney Pugh
Norman Sidey
Honours
Isthmian League
Champions: 1928–29, 1929–30
Runners-up: 1913–14, 1919–20, 1922–23, 1936–37
London Senior Cup
Winners: 1923
Surrey Senior Cup
Winners: 1908
Runners-up: 1930
References
External links
Association football clubs established in 1888
Association football clubs disestablished in 1949
Defunct football clubs in England
Sport in the London Borough of Southwark
Defunct football clubs in London
Isthmian League
1888 establishments in England
1949 disestablishments in England
Nunhead | {'title': 'Nunhead F.C.', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunhead%20F.C.', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Josetxu Obregón is a Spanish cellist, specializing in early music performance.
Biography
After developing a career as a modern cellist, having been appointed teacher of Madrid Royal Conservatory and cellist of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam, Josetxu Obregón oriented his life towards the early performance field. Born in Bilbao, he has been awarded with eleven prizes at international competitions, and coursed Bachelor and Master Studies in Spain, Germany and Netherlands. He specialised in Baroque cello interpretation with Lucia Swarts in the Royal Conservatory of The Hague, having also a constant contact with Anner Bijlsma, who taught him weekly. He received also lessons from Jaap ter Linden, Balazs Mate, Marc Vanscheewijck, Eric Hoeprich, Judy Tarling, Bart van Oort, Frank de Bruine, etc.
Orchestras
Selected this season as principal cellist of the European Union Baroque Orchestra, he has played under Lars Ulrich Mortensen (Concerto Copenhagen), Cristina Pluhar (L'Arpeggiata) and Maggie Faultless with great success, also appearing as soloist of Vivaldi concerto for 2 cellos in concerts in 13 countries. He performs with ensembles as Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment (UK), Arte dei Suonatori (PL), Rotterdams Baroque Ensemble, Esterhazy Trio, Aldiviva and Bach Ensemble. He is the Artistic Leader of the ensemble La Ritirata. As a soloist he performed both Haydn Cello Concertos and several Boccherini Cello Concertos with orchestras in Spain, Portugal and Netherlands. He was also invited to play Boccherini cello sonatas as soloist with Forma Antiqva.
Recordings
“Boccherini. Sonatas”. La Ritirata. Josetxu Obregón. Verso VRS 2065 (2008)
“Prokofiev. Cassadó. Webern”. Josetxu Obregón, cello. Ignacio Prego, piano. Verso VRS 2073 (2009)
“Chiaroscuro”. La Ritirata. Tamar Lalo, Enrike Solinís, Josetxu Obregón. Arsis 4229 (2009)
“Luigi Boccherini. Trios Op. 34, Vol. 1”. La Ritirata. Hiro Kurosaki, Lina Tur Bonet, Josetxu Obregón. Columna Música 1CM0258 (2010)
“Luigi Boccherini. Trios Op. 34, Vol. 2”. La Ritirata. Hiro Kurosaki, Lina Tur Bonet, Josetxu Obregón. Columna Música 1CM0275 (2011)
“Concierto barroco”. La Ritirata. Josetxu Obregón. DVD Cantus CV 1210 (2012)
“Andrea Falconieri. Il Spiritillo Brando. Dance music in the courts of Italy and Spain, c.1650”. La Ritirata - Josetxu Obregón. Glossa GCD 923101 (2013)
“Juan Crisóstomo de Arriaga (1806-1826). The complete string quartets on period instruments”. La Ritirata. Hiro Kurosaki, Miren Zeberio, Daniel Lorenzo, Josetxu Obregón. Glossa GCD 923102 (2014)
“The Cello in Spain. Boccherini and other 18th century virtuosi”. Josetxu Obregón. La Ritirata. Glossa GCD 923103 (2015)
He made a CD recording of Beethoven’s triple concerto with Mariana Todorova and Ignacio Prego (Piccolo PC210), having also recorded "Francesco Cavalli. L’Amore Innamorato" and "Via Crucis" L'Arpeggiata – Christina Pluhar (Virgin Classics 50999 694577 0 8), "Jean-Philippe Rameau. L'Orchestre de Louis XV. Suites d'Orchestre" Le Concert des Nations – Jordi Savall (Alia Vox AVSA9882A+B), "Baroque Suites" as principal cellist of the EUBO European Union Baroque Orchestra – Lars Ulrik Mortensen (The Gift of Music (record label) CCL CDG1211), "Salve Regina" Harmonia del Parnàs (Tempus TMP1001), "Oreste Camarca. Monográfico de la obra de cámara" (Banco de Sonido BS061), etc.
He was personally invited by Anner Bijlsma to perform in a Dutch documentary film on Luigi Boccherini and Anner Bijlsma, filmed in Arenas de San Pedro, Spain, where the composer lived the last years of his life.
He made recordings for BBC Three (United Kingdom), NPO 3FM (Netherlands), Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Deutschlandradio Kultur, Südwestrundfunk (Germany), ORF (broadcaster) (Austria), NRK (Norway), Mezzo TV, Arte (France), RTVE, La 2 (Spain), RNE, RNE Radio Clásica, RNE Radio 5, Antena 3 (Spain), Cuatro (TV channel), Canal Sur, EITB, Canal 4 Castilla y León, Catalunya Música, Radio Euskadi, Radio Vitoria (Spain), Macedonian Radio Television (Republic of Macedonia), Radio HJUT Jorge Tadeo Lozano University (Colombia), Radio USACH (Chile), CRI Online (China), etc.
Tours
He has played in important Early Music Festivals as Fringe Festival Oudemuziek Utrecht (Netherlands), (Slovenia), and (Germany), (Croatia), Ohrid Summer Festival (North Macedonia), (France), (Italy), Kipria International Festival (Cyprus), York Early Music Festival and Music at Oxford (UK), Festival International Echternach (Luxembourg), etc. He made his debut in America with a United States tour playing in New York City, Hartford, etc. Next appointments include Mexico and Japan.
Instruments
Josetxu Obregon plays an original Sebastian Klotz cello from 1740 recently restored by Johannes Loescher (Cologne) and historical bows of different periods from Kees van Hemert (The Hague) and Andreas Grutter (Amsterdam).
External links
Josetxu Obregón - Official website
Josetxu Obregón's YouTube Channel
La Ritirata YouTube Channel
Videos
Spanish performers of early music
People from Bilbao
Spanish classical cellists
Academic staff of the Madrid Royal Conservatory
Living people
Royal Conservatory of The Hague alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Josetxu Obregón', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josetxu%20Obreg%C3%B3n', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 2022 Women's Euro Hockey League was the second edition of the Women's Euro Hockey League, Europe's premier women's club field hockey tournament, organized by the European Hockey Federation.
It was contested alongside the men's tournament at the Wagener Stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands from 15 to 18 April 2022.
Den Bosch, who entered the event as the defending champions, reached the finals, where they were defeated 3–2 by Amsterdam in a shoot-out after the match finished 2–2 in regular time. Junior won their first EHL medal by defeating Gantoise 2–1 in the bronze medal match.
Association team allocation
A total of 8 teams from 6 of the 45 EHF member associations would participate in the 2022 EHL Women. The association rankings based on the EHL country coefficients was used to determine the number of participating teams for each association:
Associations 1–2 each had two teams qualify.
Associations 3–6 each had one team qualify.
Teams
Gantoise
Surbiton
Düsseldorfer HC
Pegasus
Amsterdam
Den Bosch
Club de Campo
Junior
Results
Bracket
Quarter-finals
Ranking matches
Semi-finals
Bronze medal match
Final
Top goalscorers
See also
2022 Men's Euro Hockey League
2022 Women's EuroHockey Club Trophy
2022 Women's EuroHockey Indoor Club Cup
References
External links
Women's Euro Hockey League
Euro Hockey League Women
Euro Hockey League Women
International women's field hockey competitions hosted by the Netherlands
Euro Hockey League Women
Sports competitions in Amstelveen
Euro Hockey League Women | {'title': "2022 Women's Euro Hockey League", 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Women%27s%20Euro%20Hockey%20League', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The chapters of the manga series Ai Yori Aoshi are written and illustrated by Kou Fumizuki, and was serialized in 1998 in Hakusensha's Young Animal magazine. The first volume was published and released in Japan by Hakusensha on May 28, 1999, with 17 volumes the last was released on December 20, 2005. In English the series was released by Tokyopop. Book one was released in January 2004 with the last book being released in October 2007.
The series has also been licensed in Europe (Non English Releases), Asia, and Middle America. In Europe, the series was licensed in French by Pika Édition, in German by EMA, and in Spanish by Norma Editorial. For Asia the series was licensed in Chinese by Jonesky, in Korean by Daiwon CI, and in Russian by Sakura Press. In Middle America the series has been published in Mexico by Grupo Editorial Vid.
Besides sharing many similarities in the storyline with the two anime series, the manga also expands on parts not covered in the anime, such as Kaoru's younger brother, and Miyabi's past.
Volume list
References
External links
Ai Yori Aoshi
Ai Yori Aoshi | {'title': 'List of Ai Yori Aoshi chapters', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Ai%20Yori%20Aoshi%20chapters', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
James McCune Smith (April 1, 1812 – November 25, 1870) was an American physician, apothecary, abolitionist and author who was born in Manhattan. He was the first African American to hold a medical degree, awarded by the University of Glasgow in Glasgow, Scotland. After his return to the United States, he became the first African American to run a pharmacy in the nation.
In addition to practicing as a physician for nearly 20 years at the Colored Orphan Asylum in Manhattan, Smith was a public intellectual: he contributed articles to medical journals, participated in learned societies, and wrote numerous essays and articles drawing from his medical and statistical training. He used his training in medicine and statistics to refute common misconceptions about race, intelligence, medicine, and society in general. He was invited as a founding member of the New York Statistics Society in 1852, which promoted a then new science. Later he was elected as a member in 1854 of the recently founded American Geographic Society. He was never admitted to the American Medical Association or local medical associations, very likely as a result of the systemic racism that Smith confronted throughout his medical career.
He has been most well known for his leadership as an abolitionist: a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society, with Frederick Douglass he helped start the National Council of Colored People in 1853, the first permanent national organization for blacks. Douglass called Smith "the single most important influence on his life." Smith was one of the Committee of Thirteen, who organized in 1850 in Manhattan to resist the newly passed Fugitive Slave Law by aiding refugee slaves through the Underground Railroad. Other leading abolitionist activists were among his friends and colleagues. From the 1840s, Smith lectured on race and abolitionism and wrote numerous articles to refute racist ideas about black capacities.
Both Smith and his wife were of mixed African and European descent. As he became economically successful, Smith built a house in a mostly white neighborhood; in the 1860 census he and his family were classified as white, along with their neighbors. (In the census of 1850, while living in a predominately African-American neighborhood, they had been classified as mulatto.) Smith served for nearly 20 years as the physician at the Colored Orphan Asylum in New York. After it was burned down in July 1863 by a mob in draft riots in Manhattan, in which nearly 100 blacks were killed, Smith moved his family and practice to Brooklyn for their safety. Many other blacks left Manhattan for Brooklyn at the same time. The parents stressed education for their children. In the 1870 census, his widow and children continued to be classified as white.
Early life and education
Smith was born into slavery in 1813 in Manhattan and was set free on July 4, 1827, at the age of 14, by the Emancipation Act of New York. That was the final date when New York officially freed its remaining slaves. His mother was an enslaved woman named Lavinia who achieved her freedom later in life; in 1855, Smith described her as a "self-emancipated woman". She was born into slavery in South Carolina and had been brought to New York as a slave. His father was Samuel Smith, a white merchant and his mother's master, who had brought her with him to New York from South Carolina.
He grew up only with his mother. As an adult, James Smith alluded to other white ancestry through his mother's family, saying he had kin in the South, some of whom were slaveholders and others slaves.
Smith attended the African Free School (AFS) #2 on Mulberry Street in Manhattan, where he was described as an "exceptionally bright student". He was selected to deliver an oratory to the Marquis de Lafayette, the French war hero who visited the school on September 10, 1824 during his tour of the country. Smith was among numerous boys from the school who went on to have brilliant careers, some of whom he worked with as adults in the abolitionist cause.
In the course of his studies, Smith was tutored by Rev. Peter Williams Jr., a graduate of the African Free School who had been ordained in 1826 as the second African-American priest in the Episcopal Church. Upon graduation, he applied to Columbia University and Geneva Medical College in New York State, but was denied admission due to racial discrimination. Williams encouraged Smith to attend the University of Glasgow in Scotland. He and abolitionist benefactors of the AFS provided Smith with money for his trip overseas and his education. Smith kept a journal of his sea voyage that expressed his sense of mission. After arriving in Liverpool and walking along the waterfront, he thought, "I am free!"
Through abolitionist connections, he was welcomed there by members of the London Agency Anti-Slavery Society. According to the historian Thomas M. Morgan, Smith enjoyed the relative racial tolerance in Scotland and England, which judicially abolished slavery in the 1770s. (New York abolished all slavery in 1827.) He studied at the University of Glasgow and obtained a bachelor's degree in 1835, a master's degree in 1836, and a medical degree in 1837. He completed an internship in Paris.
Smith knew he would face discrimination upon his return. When he tried to book a trip back to the United States after completing his studies, the ship captain refused passage because of Smith's race. When Smith did return to Manhattan, he was met with a hero's welcome by his former classmates and teachers who applauded his determination to fight for civil rights on American soil.
Marriage and family
After establishing himself upon his return to New York City, in the early 1840s Smith married Malvina Barnet, a free woman of color who had graduated from the Rutgers Female Institute. The couple had eleven children; five survived to adulthood (the name of one child is unknown):
Frederick Douglass Smith (d. 1854), not to be confused with Frederick Douglass
Peter Williams (d. 1854)
Mary S.
James W. (born 1845) became a teacher; he married and had an independent household by 1870
Henry M. (1847 – d. before 1859)
Amy G. (c.1848–1849 – d. December 1849)
Mary (also called Maude), born c.1855––56; never married; became a teacher and was living with her widowed brother Donald in 1900 in Queens. (Note: In the 1900 census, her birth was reported as September 1842, but this is not consistent with her age in the 1860 and 1870 censuses, and she did not appear in the 1850 census.)
Donald (born 1858) became a lawyer, married and was a widower by 1900, living in Queens. His household included his older sister Maude and two siblings of his late wife: his widowed brother-in-law Edward, a physician born in England, and sister-in-law Emma Callaghan, an unmarried teacher.
John M. (born February 1860) worked in Florida in an orange grove in the 1880s, per the Florida 1885 census. He married in 1888, and their three children were born in Florida. By 1900 he returned to Brooklyn with his family, and worked there as a printer.
Guy B., born 1862, first worked as a seaman. By 1900, he was married with several children and worked as a salesman. His youngest daughter was named Antoinette.
In 1850, the senior Smiths' household included four older women: Lavinia Smith, age 67 (his mother: b. c.1783 – d. bet.1860-1870), born in South Carolina and listed first as head of household; Sarah Williams, 57 (widow of Peter Williams, Jr.); Amelia Jones, 47; and Mary Hewlitt, 53, who were likely relatives or friends. By then Smith and his wife Malvina had three children: James, Henry, and Amy. Each member of the household was classified as mulatto (or of mixed ancestry). All but Lavinia Smith were born in New York. They lived in a mixed neighborhood in the Fifth Ward; in the census, nearly all other neighbors on the page were classified as white; many were immigrants from England, Ireland, and France.
By 1860, Smith was doing very well; he had moved to Leonard Street within the Fifth Ward and had a mansion built by white workmen. His total real property was worth $25,000. His household included a live-in servant, Catherine Grelis from Ireland. Listed as a separate household at his address were Sara D. Williams, 57, and Mary Hertell (should be Hewlitt, as above), 50. (These were likely the same Sara and Mary as in the 1850 census, although their ages did not change.) No one on this census page had a racial designation. By the conventions of the time, this means that they were classified as white by the census enumerator; totals of white persons only are given at the bottom of the page.
After the draft riots in Manhattan in 1863, Smith and his family were among prominent African Americans who left Manhattan and moved to Brooklyn, then still separate cities. He no longer felt safe in their old neighborhood.
In the 1870 census, Malvina (now a widow) and their four children were living in Ward 15, Brooklyn. All were classified as white. Their son James W. Smith, who had married a white woman, was living in a separate household and working as a teacher; he was also classified as white. The Smith children still at home were Maud, 15; Donald, 12; John, 10; and Guy, 8; all were attending school. These five Smith children survived to adulthood: James, Maud, Donald, John and Guy. The men married white spouses, but Maud never married. All were classified as white from 1860 onward.
They worked as teachers, a lawyer, and business people. Smith's unique achievements as a pioneering African-American physician were rediscovered by twentieth-century historians. They were relearned by his descendants in the twenty-first century, who identified as white and did not know about him with the passage of generations. A three-times-great-granddaughter took a history class and found his name in her grandmother's family Bible. In 2010, several Smith descendants commissioned a new tombstone for his grave in Brooklyn. They gathered to honor him and their African-American ancestry.
Career
Medicine
McCune Smith received his medical doctorate from Glasgow University in 1837. The university's medical school was one of the leading programmes in Europe. After his graduation, he was awarded a prestigious gynacological residency at Glasgow's Lock hospital for women. Based on his experience in the hospital, he published two articles in the London Medical Gazette. They are the first scientific articles known to have been published by an African American in a scientific journal. The articles exposed the unethical use of an experimental drug upon non-consenting female patients.
When Smith returned to Manhattan in 1837 with his degrees, he was greeted as a hero by the black community. He said at a gathering, "I have striven to obtain education, at every sacrifice and every hazard, and to apply such education to the good of our common country." He was the first university-trained African-American physician in the United States. During his practice of 25 years, he was also the first Black to have articles published in American medical journals, but he was never admitted to the American Medical Association or to local ones.
He established his practice in Lower Manhattan in general surgery and medicine, treating both black and white patients. He started a school in the evenings, teaching children. He established what has been called the first black-owned and operated pharmacy in the United States, located at 93 West Broadway (near present-day Foley Square). His friends and activists gathered in the back room of the pharmacy to discuss issues related to their work in abolitionism.
In 1846, Smith was appointed as the only physician of the Colored Orphan Asylum (also known as the Free Negro Orphan Asylum), at Forty-fourth Street and Fifth Avenue. (Before that time, the directors had depended on pro bono services of physicians.) He worked there for nearly 20 years. The asylum was founded in 1836 by Anna and Hannah Shotwell and Mary Murray, Quaker philanthropists in New York. Trying to protect the children, Smith regularly gave vaccinations for smallpox. Leading causes of death were infectious diseases: measles (for which there was no vaccine), smallpox, and tuberculosis (for which there was no antibiotic at the time). In addition to caring for orphans, the home sometimes boarded children temporarily when their parents were unable to support them, as jobs were scarce for free blacks in New York. Waves of immigration from Ireland and Germany in the 1840s and 1850s meant that many new immigrants were competing for work.
Smith was always working for the asylum. In July 1852, he presented the trustees with 5,000 acres of land provided by his friend Gerrit Smith, a wealthy white abolitionist. The land was to be held in trust and later sold for benefit of the orphans.
Abolitionist movement
While in Scotland, Smith joined the Glasgow Emancipation Society and met people in the Scottish and English abolitionist movement. In 1833, Great Britain abolished slavery in the British Empire (slavery in England had been abolished in 1107, but this was not finally confirmed in law until the Somerset v Stewart case in 1772. Scotland has a separate legal system and a similar case to Somerset confirmed the invalidity of slavery under Scottish law in 1778.) When Smith returned to New York, he quickly joined the American Anti-Slavery Society and worked for the cause in the United States. He worked effectively with both Black and white abolitionists, for instance maintaining a friendship and correspondence with Gerrit Smith that spanned the years from 1846 to 1865.
Publishing lectures quickly brought him to the attention of the national abolitionist movement. His "Destiny of the People of Color", "Freedom and Slavery for Africans", and "A lecture on the Haitian Revolution; with a note on Toussaint L'Ouverture", established him as a new force in the field. He directed the Colored People's Educational Movement (to the memory of Abraham Lincoln). In 1850, as a member of the Committee of Thirteen, Smith was one of the key organizers of resistance in Manhattan to the newly passed Fugitive Slave Act that required states to aid federal law enforcement in capturing escaped slaves. As did similar groups in Boston, his committee aided fugitive slaves to escape capture and helped connect them to people of the Underground Railroad and other escape routes.
During the mid-1850s, Smith worked with Frederick Douglass to establish the National Council of Colored People, one of the first permanent Black national organizations, beginning with a three-day convention in Rochester, New York. At the convention in Rochester, he and Douglass emphasized the importance of education for their race and urged the founding of more schools for Black youth. Smith wanted choices available for both industrial and classical education. Douglass valued his rational approach and said that Smith was "the single most important influence on his life". Smith tempered the more radical people in the abolitionist movement and insisted on arguing from facts and analysis. He wrote a regular column in Douglass's paper, published under the pseudonym "Communipaw".
Opposing the emigration of American free blacks to other countries, Smith believed that native-born Americans had the right to live in the United States and a claim by their labor and birth to their land. He gathered supporters to go to Albany to testify to the state legislature against proposed plans to support the American Colonization Society that had supported sending free Blacks to the colony of Liberia in Africa. He contributed money to revive the Weekly Anglo-African in 1861, as an anti-emigrationist newspaper.
In the mid-1850s, Smith joined James W.C. Pennington and other black leaders in establishing the Legal Rights Association (LRA) in Manhattan. A pioneering minority-rights association, the LRA waged a nearly ten-year campaign against segregated public transportation in the city. This organization successfully defeated segregation in New York and served as a model for later rights organizations, including the National Equal Rights League and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), founded in the early twentieth century.
Draft Riots
In July 1863, during the draft riots in Manhattan, Irish rioters attacked Blacks throughout the city and burned down the orphan asylum. The children were saved by the staff and Union troops in the city. During its nearly 30 years, the orphan asylum had admitted 1310 children, and typically, had approximately 200 in residence at a time.
After the riots, Smith moved his family and business out of Manhattan to Brooklyn, as did other prominent Blacks. Numerous buildings had been destroyed in their old neighborhoods, and estimates were that some 100 Blacks were killed in the rioting. No longer feeling safe in the lower Fourth Ward, the Smiths moved to Williamsburg, Brooklyn.
Professional associations and writings
Smith was a prolific writer and essayist. The historian John Stauffer of Harvard University says: "He was one of the leaders within the movement to abolish slavery, and he was one of the most original and innovative writers of his time."
In 1839, he followed Samuel Cornish as editor of The Colored American, a New York weekly newspaper owned by Philip Alexander Bell. Among his notable writings was a debate with John Hughes, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York, who was known as a racist and anti-abolitionist.
In 1840, Smith wrote the earliest known case report by a Black physician, entitled "Case of Ptyalism with fatal termination” that his associate Dr. John Watson read at a meeting of the New York Medical and Surgical Society. In 1844, Smith published an article entitled “On the Influence of Opium upon the Catamenial Functions” in the New York Journal of Medicine, the earliest known contribution to the medical literature by a Black physician.
He drew from his medical training to discredit popular misconceptions about differences among the races. In 1843, he gave a lecture series entitled Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Races to demonstrate the failings of phrenology, which was a so-called 'scientific' practice of the time that was applied in a way to draw racist conclusions and attribute negative characteristics to ethnic Africans. He rejected the practice of homeopathy, an alternative to the scientific medicine being taught in universities. Although he had a successful medical career, Smith was never admitted to the American Medical Association or local associations because of racial discrimination.
In Glasgow, he was trained in the emerging science of statistics. He published numerous articles applying his statistical training. For example, he used statistics to refute the arguments of slave owners, who wrote that Blacks were inferior and that slaves were better off than were free Blacks or white urban laborers. To do this, he drew up statistical tables of data derived from the census.
When John C. Calhoun, then U.S. Secretary of State claimed that freedom negatively affected Black Americans and that the 1840 U.S. Census showed that Blacks in the North had high rates of insanity and mortality, Smith responded with a masterful paper. In "A Dissertation on the Influence of Climate on Longevity" (1846), published in Hunt's Merchants' Magazine, Smith analyzed the census both to refute Calhoun's conclusions and to show the correct way to analyze data. He showed that Blacks in the North lived longer than slaves, attended church more, and were achieving scholastically at a rate similar to whites. Based on Smith's findings, John Quincy Adams, acting in his capacity in the House of Representatives, called for an investigation of the census results. However, Calhoun responded by appointing a pro-slavery crony who determined that the census was flawless, and the 1840 census was never corrected.
In 1847, the founding year of the New York Academy of Medicine, Smith was nominated for resident fellowship by two founding members of the academy. Because of his race, Smith's nomination posed a challenge for the fledgling, but rapidly growing academy and its committee on admissions, who wished to avoid “agitation of the question”. After discussions, correspondence, and procedural postponements throughout 1847, the committee on admissions eventually neither accepted nor rejected Smith, but instead implemented a rule to permit Smith to be regarded as “not nominated”, a unique designation that effectively rejected his fellowship.
As Smith started publishing, his work was quickly accepted by newer scientific organizations: in 1852 Smith was invited to be a founding member of the New York Statistics Institute. In 1854 he was elected as a member by the American Geographical Society (founded in New York in 1851 by top scientists as well as wealthy amateurs interested in exploration). The Society recognized him by giving him an award for one of his articles. He joined the New-York Historical Society.
Among numerous other works supporting abolitionism and dealing with issues related to race, Smith was known for his introduction to Frederick Douglass's second autobiography, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855). It expressed the new independence in African-American accounts of slavery, compared to earlier works that had to seek approval for authentication from white abolitionists, as readers rejected some harsh accounts of conditions under slavery.
Smith wrote: "The worst of our institutions, in its worst aspect, cannot keep down energy, truthfulness, and earnest struggle for the right".
In addition, during the 1850s Smith gained prominence with African-American readers and abolitionist readers of all ethnicities for his regularly published (often weekly) columns in Frederick Douglass Paper. Smith's commentaries on African-American culture, local and national politics, literature, and styles of dress made him one of the earliest Black public intellectuals to gain popularity in the U.S.
In 1859, Smith published an article using scientific findings and analysis to refute the former president Thomas Jefferson's theories of race, as expressed in his well-known Notes on the State of Virginia (1785). Dr. Vanessa Northington Gamble, a medical physician and historian at George Washington University, in 2010 noted, "As early as 1859, Dr. McCune Smith said that race was not biological but was a social category." He commented on the positive ways that ethnic Africans would influence U.S. culture and society, in music, dance, food, and other elements. His collected essays, speeches, and letters have been published as The Works of James McCune Smith: Black Intellectual and Abolitionist (2006), edited by John Stauffer.
Later years and death
In 1863, Smith was appointed as professor of anthropology at Wilberforce College, the first African American-owned and operated college in the United States. Smith was too ill to take the position. He died two years later, on November 17, 1865, at the age of 52, from congestive heart failure. This was nineteen days before ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that abolished slavery. He was buried at Cypress Hills Cemetery in Brooklyn. Smith was survived by his widow, Malvina, and five children.
To escape racial discrimination and have more opportunities, his children passed into white society: the four surviving sons married white spouses; his unmarried daughter lived with a brother. They worked as teachers, a lawyer, and as business people. Smith's unique achievements as a pioneering African-American physician were rediscovered by twentieth-century historians. They were relearned by his descendants in the twenty-first century, who identified as white and did not know about him, when a great-great-great-granddaughter took a history class and found his name in her grandmother's family bible. In 2010, several Smith descendants commissioned a new tombstone for his grave in Brooklyn and gathered to honor him and their African-American ancestry.
Honors and legacy
In November 2018, the New York Academy of Medicine posthumously inducted Smith as a fellow of the academy, 171 years after his nomination and 153 years after his death. At the 2018 Discourse and Awards ceremony, NYAM President Judith Salerno presented a replica certificate of fellowship to Professor Joanne Edey-Rhodes, who accepted on behalf of Smith's descendants. In 2019, the academy also formally unveiled a portrait of Smith, commissioned by Academy Fellow Dr. Daniel Laroche and painted by artist Junior Jacques. It now is on display at the academy.
The University of Glasgow, Smith's alma mater, has named its new Learning Hub building the James McCune Smith Learning Hub and it opened to students early in 2021. The university has also established a scholarship and an annual lecture named after Smith.
Works
References
Further reading
Altman, Susan. "James McCune Smith", The Encyclopedia of African-American Heritage, New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1997.
Blight, David W., "In Search of Learning, Liberty, and Self Definition: James McCune Smith and the Ordeal of the Antebellum Black Intellectual", Afro-Americans in New York Life and History, Vol. 9(2), (Buffalo, New York: 1985), pp. 7–25.
Falk, Leslie A. "Black Abolitionist Doctors and Healers, 1810-1885", Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 54(2), 1980, pp. 258–272.
Quarles, Benjamin. Black Abolitionists (New York, 1969), 115, 134.
Malone, Dumas, editor, Dictionary of American Biography, 1935, pp. 288–289.
Pease, Jane H. and William H. Pease, They Who Would Be Free: Blacks' Search for Freedom, 1830-1861 (Illinois University Press, 1974), pp. 90–92, 103, 110.
Volk, Kyle G. (2014). Moral Minorities and the Making of American Democracy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 148–166. .
Woodson, Carter G., and Charles H. Wesley, Negro Makers of History, Associated Publishers, 6th ed., 1968, pp. 167–168.
External links
"Intelligence Personified, James McCune Smith", African American Registry
- 1841 Speech
Thomas M. Morgan, "The education and medical practice of Dr. James McCune Smith (1813-1865), first black American to hold a medical degree", Journal of the National Medical Association. 2003 Jul; 95(7):603-14, full text.
Kevin O'Reilly, "New recognition for first black U.S. doctor with medical degree", American Medical News, November 8, 2010
1813 births
1865 deaths
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
African-American abolitionists
Physicians from New York City
Wilberforce University faculty
African-American physicians
American pharmacists
African-American writers
American writers
Underground Railroad people
Colored Conventions people
Activists from New York (state)
19th-century American physicians
People from Williamsburg, Brooklyn
African-American academics
Free Negroes
African Free School alumni | {'title': 'James McCune Smith', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20McCune%20Smith', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Tharrhalea is a genus of crab spiders first described in 1875 by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch.
Species
, it contains seventeen species:
Tharrhalea albipes L. Koch, 1875 — New Guinea, Northern Australia
Tharrhalea bicornis Simon, 1895 — Philippines
Tharrhalea cerussata Simon, 1886 — Madagascar
Tharrhalea evanida (L. Koch, 1867) — New Guinea, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales
Tharrhalea fusca (Thorell, 1877) — Sulawesi
Tharrhalea irrorata (Thorell, 1881) — Queensland
Tharrhalea luzonica (Karsch, 1880) — Philippines
Tharrhalea maculata Kulczyński, 1911 — New Guinea
Tharrhalea mariae Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
Tharrhalea multopunctata (L. Koch, 1874) — New Guinea, Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria
Tharrhalea praetexta (L. Koch, 1865) — Samoa
Tharrhalea prasina (L. Koch, 1876) — Queensland, New South Wales
Tharrhalea pulleinei (Rainbow, 1915) — South Australia, New South Wales
Tharrhalea semiargentea Simon, 1895 — Madagascar
Tharrhalea superpicta Simon, 1886 — Madagascar
Tharrhalea variabilis (L. Koch, 1875) — Queensland, New South Wales
Tharrhalea variegata Kulczyński, 1911 — New Guinea
References
Thomisidae
Araneomorphae genera
Spiders of Asia
Spiders of Oceania
Spiders of Africa | {'title': 'Tharrhalea', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharrhalea', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Sir Charles Day Rose, 1st Baronet (23 August 1847 – 20 April 1913) was a British-Canadian businessman, race horse breeder, yachtsman, and Liberal politician.
Member of parliament for Newmarket and President of the Royal Aero Club, he has been suggested as the inspiration for Toad in The Wind in the Willows.
Biography
Born in Montreal, he was the second son of Sir John Rose, 1st Baronet. His father moved from Scotland to Canada, where he was successively Solicitor General, Minister of Public Works and Minister of Finance.
Rose was educated at the High School of Montreal and Rugby School. He was commissioned into the Montreal Garrison Artillery, and was involved in repelling the Fenian raid of 1870. He subsequently entered business as a partner in an American bank based in the City of London and part of the syndicate promoting the Canadian Pacific Railway.
In the late 1880s and early 1890s, he was a leading horse race breeder, based at Newmarket, Suffolk. His most successful horse was Ravensbury, but it was overshadowed by Isinglass, owned by Harry McCalmont, Conservative MP for Newmarket. He was also the owner and breeder of the influential stallion Cyllene. He was elected a member of the Jockey Club in 1891. In 1893, Rose took up yachting, competing in a number of competitive events and was a member of the Royal Victoria Yacht Club.
Rose was created a baronet of "Hardwick House in the Parish of Whitchurch in the County of Oxford" on 19 July 1909. He had completed the purchase of Hardwick House shortly beforehand. Rose is said to have been one of the models for "Toad" of Toad Hall in the Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame and Grahame's illustrator E. H. Shepherd used parts of Hardwick House in his drawings.
At the 1900 general election, he stood as Liberal candidate for the Newmarket constituency, but failed to unseat the sitting Conservative member and fellow horse breeder, Colonel Harry McCalmont. In December 1902, McCalmont died suddenly and Rose won the ensuing by-election held in January 1903. He held the seat at the 1906 election, but was defeated in January 1910. He regained the seat when a further election was held in December of the same year.
Another of Sir Charles's interests was aviation, and he was president of the Royal Aero Club. In April 1913, he was returning from a flight at Hendon Aerodrome by motor car when he died from a heart attack, aged 65.
Family
In 1871, Rose married Eliza McClean and they had four sons and one daughter. His two eldest sons both died in the Second Boer War. His final surviving son, Frank Stanley Rose, succeeded him in the baronetcy, but died less than two years later on 26 October 1914 in the First World War. His son Charles Henry Rose (1912–1966) became the 3rd Baronet.
References
External links
1847 births
1913 deaths
People educated at Rugby School
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
High School of Montreal alumni
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1900–1906
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
Younger sons of baronets
Clan Rose | {'title': 'Sir Charles Rose, 1st Baronet', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Charles%20Rose%2C%201st%20Baronet', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Evagetes is a genus of spider wasps from the family Pompilidae. There are 72 described species, of which 58 are found in the Palaearctic region, 11 in the Nearctic region, with a few penetrating to the Afrotropical, Oriental and Neotropic regions. Evagetes wasps are kleptoparasitic on other pompilid wasps, especially the genera Arachnospila, Anoplius, Episyron and Pompilus, digging into their sealed burrows, eating the host egg and replacing it with an egg of its own. Evagetes wasps are characterised by their very short antennae. Most are species are black with the base of the antennae rufous, several Evagetes species are very metallic bluish insects.
The type species was named by Lepeletier as Evagetes bicolor in 1845 but this has since been recognised as a synonym for E. dubius which was originally named Aporus dubius.
Species
The following is a list of selected species
Evagetes alamannicus (Bluthgen, 1944)
Evagetes anatolicus Van der Smissen, 2003
Evagetes baguenae Junco y Reyes, 1960
Evagetes cabrerai (Junco y Reyes, 1944)
Evagetes calefactus Evans, 1966
Evagetes crassicornis (Shuckard, 1837)
Evagetes daisetzusanus Ishikawa 1960
Evagetes deiranbo Ishikawa 1960
Evagetes dubius (Vander Linden, 1827)
Evagetes elongatus (Lepeletier, 1845)
Evagetes fatimaae Wolf, 1990
Evagetes fabrei Van der Smissen, 2003
Evagetes fortunatus Wolf, 1970
Evagetes fortunatarum Wolf, 1980
Evagetes gibbulus (Lepeletier, 1845)
Evagetes gusenleitneri Wolf 1988
Evagetes hyacinthinus Cresson 1867
Evagetes iconionus Wolf, 1970
Evagetes ingenuus Cresson 1867
Evagetes implicatus Haupt, 1941
Evagetes ishikawai Lelei 1995
Evagetes juncoi Wolf, 1970
Evagetes littoralis (Wesmael, 1851)
Evagetes longispinosus Wolf, 1990
Evagetes macswaini Evans 1957
Evagetes magrettii (Kohl, 1886)
Evagetes meriane Van der Smissen, 2003
Evagetes mochii Priesner, 1955
Evagetes mohave (Banks, 1933)
Evagetes nasobema Wolf, 1970
Evagetes nitidulus (Guerin, 1838)
Evagetes orientalis Lelej & Loktiniov 2009
Evagetes orichalceus (Saunders 1901)
Evagetes padrinus (Viereck, 1903)
Evagetes palmatus (Haupt, 1930)
Evagetes parifomarvicus (Sustera, 1924)
Evagetes parvus Cresson 1865
Evagetes paulinus Wolf 1970
Evagetes pectinipes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Evagetes piechockii Wolf 1981
Evagetes piliferus Van der Smissen, 2003
Evagetes pilosellus (Wesmael, 1851)
Evagetes pontomoravicus (Sustera, 1938)
Evagetes proximus (Dahlbom, 1843)
Evagetes pseudoleucopterus Wolf 1970
Evagetes sabulosus Tournier, 1889
Evagetes sahlbergi (Morawitz, 1893)
Evagetes servillei Costa, 1882
Evagetes siculus (Lepeletier, 1845)
Evagetes subangulatus Banks 1919
Evagetes subglaber (Haupt, 1941)
Evagetes subnudus (Haupt, 1942)
Evagetes taiwanus Tsuneki 1989
Evagetes transbaicalicus Lelei 1995
Evagetes trispinosus (Kohl, 1886)
Evagetes tumidosus (Tournier, 1890)
Evagetes tumidinus Wolf, 1970
Evagetes yezoensis Ishikawa 1960
Evagetes zonatus (Haupt 1930)
References
Hymenoptera genera
Pompilinae
Taxa named by Amédée Louis Michel le Peletier | {'title': 'Evagetes', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evagetes', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Charles Thorn (born 14 August 1946) is a Professor of Physics at University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. He played an important role in the development of dual models and string theory. Among his contributions is the proof of the non-existence of ghosts in string theory. The Goddard–Thorn theorem is a result about certain vector spaces in string theory. Thorn developed it with Peter Goddard.
Education and personal life
Thorn obtained his undergraduate degree in physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and completed his Ph.D. in physics from University of California, Berkeley in 1971 under the supervision of Stanley Mandelstam. He has held postdoctoral positions at MIT and CERN. He is fond of tango dancing.
Research
Charles Thorn also has developed an approach to string theory based on the idea of string bits. This idea led him to the conclusion that in this formalism one of the dimensions of spacetime appears to be dynamic. The fundamental degrees of freedom propagated on a surface in one lower dimension thus giving a holographic theory.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1989 "For important contributions to the theory of elementary particles. Nominated by: Division of Particles and Fields"
References
External links
Personal Page of Charles Thorn
Publications on ArXiv
Spires
1946 births
Living people
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Florida faculty
American string theorists
21st-century American physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
People associated with CERN
People from Washington, Indiana | {'title': 'Charles Thorn', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Thorn', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
New Llano is a town in Vernon Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,504 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Fort Polk South Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Originally known as Stables, the town was renamed when 200 members of the Socialist commune Llano del Rio Cooperative Colony in California relocated to this site in 1917, giving the town its present name. It continued to function as a socialist commune with citizens pooling and sharing resources and wealth until 1937.
History
The New Llano Cooperative Colony was founded in 1917 when Job Harriman relocated, with other commune members of the Llano del Rio colony, to 20,000 acres of cut-over land two miles south of Leesville. The location chosen was the Gulf Lumber Company sawmill town named Stables. The mill had burned in 1913 and again in 1916. After the sawmill burned the second time it was not rebuilt because the stumpage reserves were depleted. The land, was sold on contract to the Cooperative Colony.
The colony attempted to achieve self-sufficiency, through community ownership of a newspaper, broom factory, sawmill, ice plant, and sheet metal factory. There was also a school, infirmary, hospital, and recreational facilities. The colony closed in 1937.
New Llano has developed a reputation as a "speed trap." Local media has covered allegations of predatory ticket-writing.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.5 km), all land.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,213 people, 934 households, and 591 families residing in the town.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,415 people, 925 households, and 640 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 1,037 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 46.09% White, 40.29% African American, 0.83% Native American, 3.77% Asian, 0.29% Pacific Islander, 4.10% from other races, and 4.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.57% of the population.
There were 925 households, out of which 40.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.8% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 5.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $35,417, and the median income for a family was $34,271. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $20,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,902. About 13.5% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.
References
Further reading
Ernest S. Wooster, Communities of the Past and Present. New Llano, LA: Llano Colonist, 1924.
External links
American Utopia: A Brief History of Llano del Rio Cooperative Colony, Louisiana Public Broadcasting (LPB).
Towns in Louisiana
Towns in Vernon Parish, Louisiana
Utopian socialism
Utopian communities in the United States
Populated places established in 1917 | {'title': 'New Llano, Louisiana', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Llano%2C%20Louisiana', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Winston Arnel Crite (born June 20, 1965) is a retired American professional basketball player who currently trains young players. After a very successful career at Texas A&M University, Crite was selected with 53rd overall (7th in third round) pick in the 1987 NBA draft by the Phoenix Suns and spent two following seasons in the NBA playing for Suns. Afterwards he played professionally in Europe. At 6'7" (2.00 m) and 233 lb (106 kg), he played power forward.
Early years
Winston Crite was born and raised in Bakersfield, California. He attended South High School Bakersfield, where, as a sophomore, he led his team to the San Joaquin Valley Championship. In his senior year, Crite was voted by the Bakersfield Californian as the All Area Player of the Year, and was later named to the All Northern California all-star team.
Texas A&M University (1983–1987)
Crite chose to attend Texas A&M University and play basketball under coach Shelby Metcalf. In his very first game, against Texas Lutheran in 1983–1984, Crite became the first freshman in Aggie history to post a double-double (in this case, 24 points, 15 rebounds) in his first game. Only one other Aggie freshman, Joseph Jones, has duplicated that feat.
Crite started 118 of the 123 games of his career, and showed steady improvement throughout his four years. His freshman year (1983–1984), Crite averaged 8.9 points, 6.1 rebounds, 1.2 assists, and .9 blocks per game and completed 53% of his field goal attempts. The following year, he averaged 12.1 points per game, 8.2 rebounds, 1.2 assists, and 2.2 blocks, completing 56.7 percent of his field goals. In the 1985–1986 season, Crite completed an impressive 58.0% of his field goals, averaging 13.3 points, 8 rebounds, 1.6 assists, and 1.3 blocks per game. By his senior season he was averaging 16.8 points, 2.0 blocks, 7.4 rebounds, and 1.3 assists per game, completing 56.1% of his field goals. For his accomplishments, Crite was a four-time "All Southwest West Conference" choice and was named "All Tournament" for three straight years.
Just as Crite appeared to be at the top of his game in his senior year, the team began struggling, losing nine of their last eleven games to finish the regular season 14–13. The Aggies were seeded eighth in the Southwest Conference, meaning they would open the conference tournament facing the top-seeded TCU Horned Frogs, who were ranked 15th nationally. After Crite scored thirty points in a stunning upset of TCU, the team defeated the defending tournament champion, Texas Tech before beating number two seed Baylor in the tournament championship game, where Crite was named the tournament's Most Valuable Player. Winning the tournament gave the Aggies an automatic berth in the NCAA Tournament, their last NCAA tournament appearance until 2006.
Crite holds the Aggie record as the all-time leading shot blocker (200). He is second on the school's list of leading rebounders (913) and for field goal percentage (.562). He has attempted the third-most number of free throws, with 518 attempts, and is the fourth leading Scorer in school history.
Crite was inducted into the Texas A&M Hall of Fame in September 2009.
Professional basketball
Crite was selected by the Phoenix Suns with the seventh pick in the third round of the 1987 NBA Draft.
In his first season, 1987–1988, Crite scored 87 points in his 29 games, averaging 3.0 points per game with 2.2 rebounds and 0.5 assists per game. The following season, he played for a total of only 6 minutes in two games, and made only one rebound, before being placed on the injured list in January 1988.
Crite played the 1989 season in Australia's NBL, with the Brisbane Bullets. He made the Northern All-Stars team for the Australian NBL All-Star Game played at the "Glasshouse" in Melbourne, and played a significant second half in a narrow two-point loss to the South. Crite averaged 20.8 points on 57% shooting from the field, and 7.5 rebounds per game. After some questionable management decisions during the year, Winston left the Bullets in the 1990 season. He then spent several years playing professional basketball in Europe, earning All-League honors in Spain and France. Crite was named the Most Valuable Foreign Player of the French 2nd Division, while playing with ASA Sceaux in 1993 (Pro-B League). He also led that team to a French 2nd Division championship that year. After that season, he was also named to The Buckler all Europe Team.
http://www.nblstats.com/players.php?playerid=10248&hyear=2003-04
Retirement
After Crite's retirement from professional basketball, he returned to his hometown of Bakersfield. He was soon approached by parents of local student-athletes to mentor and train their children. In 2002, Crite and his wife Mechelle formed The Footwork Shop, Inc, a basketball training club. Instead of offering more traditional league-type play, Crite's company offers year-round skill training, focusing especially on advanced footwork, without playing actual basketball games. As of April 11, 2016 he is the School Community Specialist and Varsity Boys’ Basketball Coach at Frontier High School also located in Bakersfield.
References
External links
NBA statistics @ basketballreference.com
1965 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines
Basketball players from Bakersfield, California
Brisbane Bullets players
Cholet Basket players
Grand Rapids Hoops players
Liga ACB players
Montpellier Paillade Basket players
Philippine Basketball Association imports
Phoenix Suns draft picks
Phoenix Suns players
Power forwards (basketball)
Magnolia Hotshots players
Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Great Taste Coffee Makers players
Alaska Aces (PBA) players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | {'title': 'Winston Crite', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston%20Crite', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Division of Boating and Waterways (DBW) was established in 1957 upon enactment of legislation supported by the boating community. That legislation established a state boating agency dedicated to all aspects of recreational boating and a special fund (Harbors and Watercraft Revolving Fund) to fund the division’s activities. The division receives no General Fund support.
The division brings together a body of knowledge as the state’s expert in recreational boating-related matters, including public access, safety and education, marine law enforcement, and consumer and environmental protection.
For example, DBW is responsible for planning, developing, and improving facilities on state-owned and state-managed properties, including those on State Parks and State Water Project properties. It also provides funding so that local agencies can renew deteriorated facilities or develop new public access. In addition, the division is heavily involved in furthering environmentally sound boating practices through its clean and green programs.
DBW conducts and sponsors oceanographic research in marina pollution, sea level, wave measurement, modeling and prediction, beach processes, and coastal flooding and erosion, as they relate to boating facilities, access, safety, and education, and beach restoration and coastal protection. Close cooperation with Scripps Institution of Oceanography facilitate these activities.
The division serves all types of recreational boaters statewide. California has about 2.6 million recreational boats and over 4 million recreational boaters. Recreational boating annually contributes several billion dollars to the state’s economy.
The current Deputy Director of California Division of Boating and Waterways is Ms. Lynn Sadler.
Units
The Division of Boating and Waterways is made of two Enforcement and Environmental units to coordinate the division's responsibilities. Between them, both units oversee 17 programs, ranging from boater safety rules to species control.
Pollution controls
California Division of Boating and Waterways heavily regulates the use of carbureted and electronic-injection two-stroke engines manufactured prior to 1989 in California waters, considering them high-emission polluters. Due to emission standards, The division has banned their use on several lakes throughout the state. Direct injection two-stroke engines made since 1989, however, are permitted on the state's waterways with some non-emission standard exceptions.
Non-native species removal
California Division of Boating and Waterways' Aquatic Pest Control Program has since 1982 targeted to control water hyacinth from state waters. A native of the Amazon River in South America, the water hyacinth was introduced to the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in the early 20th century. Due to the quick blooming of the water hyacinth, the plant displaces native wildlife, blocks light needed for photosynthesis, reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, and deposits silt and organic matter at several times the normal rate. In 1997, the division added the egeria densa, another South American native, onto its list of species targeted for control and eradication.
See also
California Department of Parks and Recreation
California Environmental Protection Agency
California Coastal Commission
United States Coast Guard Auxiliary
San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail, proposal supported by the department
External links
California Division of Boating and Waterways official website
Boating
Boating and Waterways
1957 establishments in California | {'title': 'California Division of Boating and Waterways', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20Division%20of%20Boating%20and%20Waterways', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Classmates Minus () is a 2020 Taiwanese dark political comedy-drama film written and directed by Huang Hsin-yao, and starring Shih Ming-shuai, Cheng Jen-shuo, Nadow Lin, Liu Kuan-ting and Chen Yi-wen. The film was screened at the 57th Golden Horse Awards on November 5, 2020, and it had seen a theatrical release in Taiwan on the 20th of the same month. It was available for streaming worldwide via Netflix on February 20, 2021.
Synopsis
Four school buddies — a director, a temp worker, an insurance salesman and a paper craftsman — grapple with unfulfilled dreams amid middle age ennui.
Cast
Shih Ming-shuai as Tom
Cheng Jen-shuo as Fan Man
Nadow Lin as Tin Can
Liu Kuan-ting as Lee Hung-chang
Chen Yi-wen as Congressman Gao
Lotus Wang as A-Yue
Ada Pan as Minus
Jennifer Hung Shiao-ling as A-Zen
Jacqueline Zhu as A-Zhi
Evelyn Zheng Yu-tong as Valérie
Awards and nominations
References
External links
2020s Mandarin-language films
2020 black comedy films
Taiwanese black comedy films
Taiwanese drama films
Political drama films
Films based on Taiwanese novels | {'title': 'Classmates Minus', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classmates%20Minus', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Daniel Francisco Tissavak Véliz (born 9 May 1975) is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for clubs in Chile and Indonesia.
Club career
A playmaker, Tissavak is a product of Universidad de Chile youth system, where he coincided with Marcelo Salas as fellow and Manuel Rodríguez Vega as coach. In his homeland, he also played for Deportes La Serena, Unión Santa Cruz, San Luis. and Unión La Calera.
After he moved abroad and spent about four years in the Indonesian football, playing for PSDS Deli Serdang, Persma Manado and PSMS Medan.
International career
Tissavak represented Chile at under-17 level in the 1991 South American Championship alongside well-known players such as Marcelo Salas, Clarence Acuña and Álex Varas. He scored the goal in the 1–0 win against Venezuela.
Personal life
As a football player, he was compared to Diego Maradona by his resemblance and playing style.
Following his retirement as a player, he returned to his homeland and joined Gerdau Aza, a steel company, as a machine operator.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Santiago
Chilean footballers
Chilean expatriate footballers
Chile youth international footballers
Universidad de Chile footballers
Deportes La Serena footballers
Deportes Santa Cruz footballers
San Luis de Quillota footballers
Unión La Calera footballers
PSDS Deli Serdang players
Persma Manado players
PSMS Medan players
Chilean Primera División players
Primera B de Chile players
Tercera División de Chile players
Indonesian Premier Division players
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Indonesia
Expatriate footballers in Indonesia
Association football midfielders | {'title': 'Daniel Tissavak', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Tissavak', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Caroxylon is a genus of shrubby flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae, found in drier areas of the Old World, including southern Africa, Madagascar, northern Africa, Mediterranean islands of Europe, the Canary Islands, Socotra, Ukraine, Russia, western Asia, Central Asia, India, western and northern China, and Mongolia.
Species
Currently accepted species include:
Caroxylon abarghuense (Assadi) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon acocksii (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon adiscum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon adversariifolium (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon aegaeum (Rech.f.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon aellenii (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon agrigentinum (Guss.) C.Brullo, Brullo, Giusso, Guarino & Iamonico
Caroxylon albidum (Botsch.) Theodorova
Caroxylon albisepalum (Aellen) Mucina
Caroxylon aphyllum (L.f.) Tzvelev
Caroxylon apiciflorum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon apterygeum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon arabicum (Botsch.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon araneosum (Botsch.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon arboreum (C.A.Sm. ex Aellen) Mucina
Caroxylon armatum (C.A.Sm. ex Aellen) Mucina
Caroxylon aroabicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon atratum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon barbatum (Aellen) Mucina
Caroxylon caffrum (Sparrm.) Mucina
Caroxylon calluna (Drège ex C.H.Wright) Theodorova ex Mucina
Caroxylon campylopterum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon carpathum (P.H.Davis) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon cauliflorum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon ceresicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon chorassanicum (Botsch.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon columnare (Botsch.) Theodorova
Caroxylon contrariifolium (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon cryptopterum (Aellen) Mucina
Caroxylon cyclophyllum (Baker) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon dealatum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon decussatum (C.A.Sm. ex Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon dendroides (Pall.) Tzvelev
Caroxylon denudatum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon dinteri (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon divaricatum Moq.
Caroxylon dolichostigmum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon dzhungaricum (Iljin) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon ericoides (M.Bieb.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon esterhuyseniae (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon etoshense (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon exalatum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon forcipitatum (Iljin) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon gaetulum (Maire) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon garubicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon geminiflorum (Fenzl ex C.H.Wright) Mucina
Caroxylon gemmascens (Pall.) Tzvelev
Caroxylon gemmatum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon gemmiferum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon gemmiparum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon genistoides (Juss. ex Poir.) Pau
Caroxylon giessii (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon glabrescens (Burtt Davy) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon glabrum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon henriciae (I.Verd.) Mucina
Caroxylon hoanibicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon hottentotticum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon huabicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon humifusum (C.A.Sm. ex A.E.Brueckner) Theodorova
Caroxylon iljinii (Botsch.) Akhani
Caroxylon imbricatum (Forssk.) Moq.
Caroxylon inapertum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon incanescens (C.A.Mey.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon inerme (Forssk.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon jordanicola (Eig) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon kalaharicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon kleinfonteini (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon koichabicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon laricinum (Pall.) Tzvelev
Caroxylon littoralis (Moq.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon marginatum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon melananthum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon merxmuelleri (Aellen) Mucina
Caroxylon micrantherum (Botsch.) Sukhor.
Caroxylon microtrichum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon minutifolium (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon mirabile (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon namaqualandicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon namibicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon nigrescens (C.A.Sm. ex I.Verd.) Mucina
Caroxylon nitrarium (Pall.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon nodulosum Moq.
Caroxylon nollothense (Aellen) Mucina
Caroxylon okaukuejense (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon omaruruense (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon orientale (S.G.Gmel.) Tzvelev
Caroxylon parviflorum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon passerinum (Bunge) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon patentipilosum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon pearsonii (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon persicum (Bunge ex Boiss.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon phillipsii (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon pillansii (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon procerum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon ptilopterum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon pulvinatum (Botsch.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon rabieanum (C.A.Sm. ex I.Verd.) Mucina
Caroxylon robinsonii (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon roshevitzii (Iljin) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon ruschii (Aellen) Mucinav
Caroxylon schreiberae (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon scleranthum (C.A.Mey.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon scopiforme (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon seminudum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon sericatum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon seydelii (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon smithii (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon spenceri (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon spinescens (Moq.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon squarrosulum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon stenopterum (Wagenitz) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon swakopmundi (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon tetragonum (Delile) Moq.
Caroxylon tetramerum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon tetrandrum (Forssk.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon tuberculatiforme (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon tuberculatum Moq.
Caroxylon turkestanicum (Litv.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon ugabicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon unjabicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon verdoorniae (Toelken) Mucina
Caroxylon vermiculatum (L.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon villosum (Schult.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon volkensii (Schweinf. & Asch.) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon warmbadicum (Botsch.) Mucina
Caroxylon yazdianum (Assadi) Akhani & Roalson
Caroxylon zeyheri Moq.
References
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae genera | {'title': 'Caroxylon', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroxylon', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Cédric Baseya (born 19 December 1987) is a former professional footballer who played as a forward. Born in France, he made one appearance for the DR Congo U20 national team.
Club career
Baseya was born in Brétigny-sur-Orge, Essonne. He formerly played for Southampton in the English Championship.
On 17 November 2007, he made his debut with Crewe Alexandra after signing for them on loan for one month the previous day.
He made his Southampton debut as a last-minute substitute against Ipswich Town on 1 March 2008 but did not touch the ball in the short time he was on the pitch. Baseya moved to Lille on a Bosman on 2 July 2008, and was loaned out on 10 August 2009 to Le Havre AC.
On 21 September 2011, Baseya signed a 12-month contract with Reading. On 24 November 2011, he was loaned out on a short-term deal to League Two side Barnet, making his debut on 25 November in a 2–1 home win against Macclesfield Town when he came on as a second-half substitute for Mark Marshall. At the end of the season, 2 May 2012, Baseya was released by Reading.
In November 2013 Baseya joined Bulgarian A PFG side PFC Lokomotiv Sofia on a two-year contract. Baseya scored on his Lokomotiv debut, coming on as a 57th-minute substitute and scoring in the 69th minute, in a 2–1 defeat against Chernomorets Burgas. Baseya made his first start for Lokomotiv in their next game, a 2–0 away win over Slavia Sofia in which he scored the first goal, in the second leg of the second round of the Bulgarian Cup. Baseya played for Monza in 2015.
International career
Although born in France, he qualifies to play for the Democratic Republic of Congo via his parents. He was called up for their full international side but the game was cancelled and he has since represented them at Under 20 level in a 2–1 defeat by Argentina.
References
External links
Player profile on Southampton's website
1987 births
Living people
People from Brétigny-sur-Orge
French sportspeople of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Citizens of the Democratic Republic of the Congo through descent
French footballers
Footballers from Essonne
Association football forwards
Democratic Republic of the Congo footballers
Ligue 1 players
English Football League players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Southampton F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Lille OSC players
AS Cherbourg Football players
Reading F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
FC Lokomotiv 1929 Sofia players
A.C. Monza players
French expatriate footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in England
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate footballers in France
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Expatriate footballers in Bulgaria
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Black French sportspeople | {'title': 'Cédric Baseya', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9dric%20Baseya', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Wong may refer to:
Name
Wong (surname), a Chinese surname
Places
Wong Chuk Hang, an area to the east of Aberdeen on Hong Kong Island
Wong Chuk Hang Estate, a public housing estate in Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong
Wong Chuk Hang Road, a major thoroughfare in southern Hong Kong
Wong Chuk Hang station, a South Island line rail station on Hong Kong
Wong Chuk Kok Tsui, a cape in north east New Territories, Hong Kong
Wong Chuk Yeung (Sha Tin District), a village in Fo Tan, Sha Tin District of Hong Kong
Wong Chuk Yeung (Tai Po District), a village in the Tai Po District of Hong Kong
Wong Leng, section 9 of the Wilson trail in Pat Sin Leng Country Park, Hong Kong
Wong Nai Chung Gap, a geographic gap in the middle of Hong Kong Island
Wong Nai Chung Reservoir Park, a park in Wong Nai Chung Gap, Hong Kong
Wong Nai Chung Road, a major road in Happy Valley, Hong Kong
Wong Nai Tau, a village in Sha Tin District, Hong Kong
Wong Nai Tun Tsuen, a village in the New Territories, Hong Kong
Wong Shek, an area in the northern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong
Wong Shiu Chi Secondary School, a school in Tai Po, Hong Kong
Wong Tai Sin, Hong Kong, an area in Wong Tai Sin District, Hong Kong
Wong Tai Sin District, a district of Hong Kong
Wong Tai Sin Temple (Hong Kong), a famous shrine in Hong Kong
Wong Uk Tsuen or Wong Uk Village, villages in the New Territories, Hong Kong
Businesses
WONG, a radio station (1150 AM) in Canton, Mississippi, USA
Wong (supermarket), a supermarket chain in Peru
Wong Fu Productions, an Asian American filmmaking group
Wong Kei, a London Chinatown restaurant
Wong Lo Kat, a Chinese herbal tea
Mister Wong, a social bookmarking website
Agencia de pronosticos "El Chino Wong". Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico
Fiction
Works
Mr. Wong (web series), an internet television series
Mr. Wong, Detective, a 1938 American crime film
The Mystery of Mr. Wong, a 1939 American crime film
Mr. Wong in Chinatown, a 1939 American crime film
Suzie Wong (franchise)
The World of Suzie Wong, a 1957 novel by Richard Mason
The World of Suzie Wong, a 1958 play by Paul Osborn
The World of Suzie Wong (film), a 1960 British-American romantic drama film
To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, a 1995 American comedy film
Wong Fei Hung – Master of Kung Fu, a martial arts television series
"Wong's Lost and Found Emporium", a 1985 episode of the New Twilight Zone
Mr. Wong, a 1963 Filipino film starring Chiquito
Wild, Wild Wong, a 1967 Filipino film
Mr. Wong Strikes Again, a 1969 Filipino film
Dynamite Wong and T.N.T. Jackson, a 1974 Filipino-American blaxploitation film
Mr. Wong and the Bionic Girls, a 1977 Filipino film
Mr. Wong Meets Jesse & James, a 1982 Filipino film
Characters
Wong (character), manservant/mentor to Doctor Strange Sr./Jr. in Marvel Comics
Wong (Marvel Cinematic Universe), the portrayal of the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Ada Wong, in the Resident Evil video game series
Amy Wong, in the Futurama series
Brad Wong, in Dead or Alive
Cleopatra Wong, created by Bobby A
Dr. Wong, in the Rick and Morty series
Henry Wong or Lee Jiang-Liang, in the Digimon series
Lee Wong, in the Beyblade series
Maria Wong, in the show Braceface
Mariah Wong, in the Beyblade series
Mr. Wong (fictional detective), in short stories created by Hugh Wiley
Nikki Wong, in the show 6teen
Suzie Wong, in the Digimon series
Mr. Wong, a character played by Filipino comedian Chiquito beginning in 1963.
Mr. Wong, in Coronation Street
Stanford Wong, in Lisa Yee's book Stanford Wong Flunks Big-Time
Wong Leung, in the PlayStation 2 game The Bouncer
Other uses
Jan Wong controversy, a 2006 Canadian media controversy
Wong cilik, the general populace in the Javanese social hierarchy
Wong Sun v. United States, a United States Supreme Court decision
Wong Tai Sin (328–386), Chinese deity popular in Hong Kong associated with the power of healing
See also
Won-G Bruny (born 1978), Haitian rapper
Dr. Wong (disambiguation)
Huang (disambiguation)
Wang (disambiguation)
Ng (name) | {'title': 'Wong', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Nickerie is a district of Suriname, on the north-west coast. Nickerie's capital city is Nieuw-Nickerie. Another town is Wageningen. The district borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the Surinamese district of Coronie to the east, the Surinamese district of Sipaliwini to the south and the region of East Berbice-Corentyne in Guyana to the west.
Nickerie has a population of 36.639 (2004) and an area of 5,353 km2. Nickerie's population includes East Indian, Javanese, Afro-Surinamese, Chinese, and Europeans.
Nickerie is bordered with Guyana. There is no bridge between the countries, but there is a ferry that sails between Molson Creek in Guyana and South Drain.
History
Nickerie District was originally settled by Amerindians. Near the Wonotobo Falls, a settlement was discovered which dates from the 1st century BC. Between the 6th and 16th century some terpen (artificial mounts) were built in the coastal area of which Hertenrits is the best known. In 1613, a tobacco plantation was established on the Courantyne River, however it disappeared without a trace.
In 1718, Dietzel became the first person to successfully settle in the area. In 1797, governor Jurriaan François de Friderici approved the first plantation in Nickerie. A large number of Scottish and English settlers arrived in the area during the British Occupation, and primarily grew cotton and coffee. The capital Nieuw Nickerie was built in 1879 after the former center of the district, Nieuw Rotterdam, was destroyed by floods.
The name Nickerie is probably based on Neekeari which was first reported by Teenstra in 1596 for an indigenous tribe living the area. The name also appears in Robert Dudley's The Voyage of Robert Dudley to the West-Indies, 1594-1595.
Nickerie had a poor connection to Paramaribo. It was not until 1960s when the East-West Link was constructed linking Nickerie with the rest of the country.
Resorts
Groot Henar
Nieuw Nickerie
Oostelijke Polders
Wageningen
Westelijke Polders
Villages
Cupido
Glasgow
Hamptoncourtpolder
Lokono Shikuabana
Manchester
Paradise
South Drain
Agriculture
During the 19th century, Nickerie became home to many plantation. The abolition of slavery, transformed the area in smaller scale farming. In the late 19 century, many plantations start to shift to balatá production whose latex was used for driving belts and isolation, but started to become obsolete in the early 20th century. In 1955, a project of poldering started, resulting in an increase of cultivatable land.
Bananas and rice are the main crops grown in Nickerie. Some rice had been grown previously, but during the 20th century, Nickerie became the centre of the rice in Suriname, mainly due to the East Indian and Javanese indentured laborers.
Tourism
Nieuw Nickerie is started to develop as a tourist area. There are quite a number of hotels in the city, and the nearby Bigi Pan Nature Reserve opened opportunities for ecotourism. In 1972, the Hertenrits Nature Reserve was founded. In the reserve there are five terpen (artificial mounts). They were located in the middle of the swamp, and remains from the pre-Columbian era had been discovered in the mounts. Hertenrits has been incorporated into the Bigi Pan reserve.
References
External links
Nickerie.nl
Nickerie.net
Districts of Suriname | {'title': 'Nickerie District', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickerie%20District', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Hans Hulsbosch is an Australian brand designer, responsible for the development of many of Australia's leading brand identities including Qantas, Woolworths, and Virgin Australia. In 1982, he pioneered the concept of combining brand, brand strategy and product development.
History
Hans Hulsbosch was born in Valkenswaard, The Netherlands. He studied at the School of Graphic Design, Eindhoven and was offered his first job as a packaging designer at Willem II. In the early 1970's he moved to Amsterdam, where he worked for the design group Ten Cate Bergmans and advertising agency Leo Burnett. In 1975 he and his wife Marianne moved to Wellington, New Zealand, where he worked for several advertising agencies. In 1979 he moved to Sydney, Australia, and became Creative Director for advertising agency Clemenger BBDO. In the late 1970's and early 1980's Hans pioneered the concept of branding in Australia, being the first to combine brand strategy, brand identity and brand management. In 1982 he started his own brand agency and has created numerous award-winning, iconic brand identities and advertising campaigns.
Work
When Hans started his own agency he contracted himself to several advertising agencies and created the Tia Maria 'Gold and Brown' television commercial, which became Australia's first global campaign and won the 'Facts tv commercial of the year award' in 1984. Other 'campaigns of the year awards' included Campari's "Who's that drinking Campari?" and the Hoover 10second television advertisements. His first own major client was Qantas followed by Sitmar Cruises (P&O). He has created many of Australia's iconic brands such as the Qantas 'flying kangaroo', Woolworths, ABC Kids, Taronga Zoo, The MLC 'Nest Egg', Perpetual, The Australian Ballet, Free TV Australia, Football Federation of Australia, P&O, Nylex and Foxtel. He and his company have also designed many of Australia's leading packaging brands such as 'Thins' for Arnotts, 'Windex' and 'Toilet Duck' for SC Johnson, 'Dettol', 'UV Triple Guard', 'Exit Mould' and 'Disprin' for Reckitt Benkiser, 'Kleenex Tissues' and 'Huggies' for Kimberly-Clark, 'Wild Oats' for Oatley Family Wines and Coles Own Brand.
Hulsbosch has also created identities for pro bono clients such as Taronga and Dubbo Zoo, The University of Sydney, The Children's Medical Research institute, The Kidney Foundation, Meals on Wheels, The Bobby Goldsmith Foundation and The McGrath Foundation.
Hulsbosch has an extensive internship program to give young and upcoming designers the opportunity to experience brand agency culture and client projects.
Current clients include Tennis Australia, Virgin Australia, Apple, ABC, Rebel Sport, Supercars, Coles, Taronga Zoo, Technology One, IAG, Football Federation of Australia, Dexus, Allens Linklaters, Santos, Bluescope, 7 West Media, SBS and National Intermodal.
Awards
Hulsbosch has won many national and international design and advertising awards. Between 1982 and 1984 he won several major international advertising awards for Tia Maria, Campari, Pizza Hut and Hoover. In 1998 he won the gold Mobius award for Thins Potato Chips packaging. In 2008, the identity for Qantas was chosen as one of the 10 best identities in the world at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity and received a Mobius Award in the UK for Woolworths. In 2009, Brandchannel ranked the Woolworths logo 'the best in Australia'. In 2012, the Australian Marketing magazine chose Woolworths and Qantas in the top 5 best Australian logo's of all time. Hans Hulsbosch has been voted best small business entrepreneur in NSW and his agency has been awarded the Telstra Best Small Business Award, Hulsbosch has won the Adnews Specialist Agency of the Year Award 3 times since 2009.[http://www.yaffa.com.au/adnewsAOTY/years/2009_winners.html
References
External links
Hulsbosch website
Australian designers
Australian businesspeople
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Hans Hulsbosch', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Hulsbosch', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Mahammed Boun Abdallah Dionne (born 22 September 1959) is a Senegalese politician who served as the Prime Minister of Senegal from 2014 to 2019. He was the third prime minister appointed by President Macky Sall. Dionne served at the Central Bank of West African States, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (ONUDI), and as the advisor of the president, before his appointment as prime minister. He is a computer engineer by training.
Early life
Dionne was born on 22 September 1959, in Gossas. When his mother gave birth to him, she took refuge in a locality where her grandmother lived. His father worked as a police commissioner.
Political career
Dionne worked as an engineer specializing in applied economics, and worked in a West African bank and as head of the Economic Office at the Senegalese Embassy in France. He was Director of the Cabinet of Prime Minister Macky Sall from 2005 to 2007, and when Sall moved to the post of President of the National Assembly in 2007–2008, Dionne continued working under Sall in the same capacity. Prior to his appointment as Prime Minister, he served from March to July 2014 as Minister for the Implementation of the Emerging Senegal Plan (PSE), an economic and social development plan to make the country an emerging economy by 2035.
He headed the national candidate list of Benno Bokk Yaakaar, the coalition supporting President Sall, in the July 2017 parliamentary election. Following the victory of Benno Bokk Yaakaar, President Sall reappointed Dionne as Prime Minister on 6 September 2017.
Awards and honours
:
Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (9 July 2015)
Officer of the National Order of the Lion
References
1959 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Senegal
People from Fatick Region
Computer engineers
Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Senegal | {'title': 'Mahammed Dionne', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahammed%20Dionne', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Littoraria carinifera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.
Distribution
Vietnam.
Description
This marine species occurs off the Philippines.
Ecology
Littoraria carinifera is a predominantly mangrove-associated species.
References
Reid, D.G. (1986). The littorinid molluscs of mangrove forests in the Indo-Pacific region. British Museum (Natural History), London.
Reid, D.G. (2001). New data on the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Littoraria Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in Indo-West Pacific mangrove forests. Nautilus. 115:115-139.
Reid, D.G., Dyal, P., & Williams, S.T. (2010). Global diversification of mangrove fauna: a molecular phylogeny of Littoraria (Gastropoda: Littorinidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55:185-201.
External links
Menke, K. T. (1830). Synopsis methodica molluscorum generum omnium et specierum earum, quae in Museo Menkeano adservantur; cum synonymia critica et novarum specierum diagnosibus. Editio altera, auctior et emdatior. Georg Uslar, Pyrmont. xvi + 168
Reid D.G. (1989) The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 324: 1-110
Littorinidae
Gastropods described in 1830 | {'title': 'Littoraria carinifera', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoraria%20carinifera', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Costas Montis (Greek: Κώστας Μόντης; 18 February 1914 – 1 March 2004) was an influential and prolific Cypriot poet, novelist, and playwright.
Biography
Costas Montis was born on 18 February 1914 in Famagusta, the sixth and last child of Theodoulos Montis from Lapithos, and Kalomoira Batista, who was descended from an old Venetian family of Famagusta. His youth was scarred by a series of family tragedies. In 1922 his 21-year-old brother George died of tuberculosis, and his brother Nikos died even younger, at the age of 16, of leukaemia. His mother also died of tuberculosis in 1926, and she was followed four years later by her husband, who died of cancer.
After graduating from the Pancyprian Gymnasium, Costas Montis studied law at the University of Athens, but in 1937 on his return to Cyprus (then under British rule) he could not work as a lawyer because his degree was Greek. Instead he got a job in 1938 in the Accounting Office of the Greek Mining Company in Nicosia. Within a month he was transferred to the mines of Mitsero as supervisor of the company offices there, and the following month to the mines of Kalavasos again as supervisor. A year later he was promoted to assistant manager at the company offices in Nicosia. At the same time he worked as a correspondent for the newspaper Eleftheria.
In 1940 the mines were closed because of the Second World War, and Costas Montis worked as a teacher at a school of accounting in Morphou.
In 1942 Costas Montis got engaged to his sweetheart, 19-year-old Ersi, daughter of Pantelis Constantinou and Maria Gabrielidou from Morphou. In the same year he moved to Nicosia and founded, with Achilleas Lymbourides and Phivos Moussoulides, Cyprus's first professional theatre, the Lyriko. The theatre closed down in 1944, and Montis returned to the school of accounting in Morphou, until in 1946 he was appointed senior editor of The Cyprus Chamber of Commerce Journal. At the same time he published, until 1947, the independent newspaper Free Voice (Ελεύθερη Φωνή). He married Ersi in 1946, and they had four children: Theodoulos, Marios, Lellos, and Stalo.
In 1948 he was appointed editor at the newspaper Ethnos. Then in 1950 he became Secretary General of the Chamber of Commerce of Cyprus. From 1953 he published the Cyprus Trade Journal, in both Greek and English, and from 1956 until 1969, he was in charge of the literary section of the magazine Times of Cyprus. After Cyprus became independent he was appointed Head of Tourism (1961). He remained in this position until his retirement in 1976. He died on 1 March 2004 in his home in Nicosia.
During the campaign for independence in the 50s, Costas Montis participated in the struggle "as political guide of the members of EOKA in Nicosia".
Honours and awards
He received numerous honours and awards including honorary doctorates from the University of Cyprus and the University of Athens. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1984, and was appointed a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Athens, the highest honour the Academy can confer on non-citizen Greeks. In support of his nomination to the Academy of Athens, Professor Nicholas Konomis stated that:
With his uninterrupted literary creation of 70 years, he has been able to depict artistically the authentic rhythms, the temperature, and the action of the deepest historical and emotional fluctuations of the soul and breath of Cyprus and her people. In his extremely powerful work he has recorded every vibration of the island (erotic, social, political), and all the thoughts of the people of Cyprus have been set down... He has made use of the whole wealth of the linguistic, historical, and cultural tradition of greater Hellenism, and entrenched in his work, with unprecedented poetic force, the indelible character of the deep-rooted values of the Greek nation.
In 1980 he was awarded the title of Poet Laureate by the World Academy of Arts and Culture.
On 5 January 1995 he was given the Government of Cyprus’ Award for Excellence in Letters and the Arts. In her speech the Minister of Education and Culture, Claire Angelidou, said of him: "Costas Montis is not simply a great Cypriot poet. He is the leading, living Greek poet."
In 2004 the President of Cyprus Tassos Papadopoulos unveiled a bust of Costas Montis in Nicosia close to Eleftheria Square.
His books have been translated into English, French, German, Italian, Dutch, Swedish, and Russian.
Books
Prose
Camels And Other Short Stories (Γκαμήλες και άλλα διηγήματα), 1939.
Humble Life (Ταπεινή ζωή), short stories, 1944.
Short Stories (Διηγήματα), 1970.
Closed Doors (Κλειστές πόρτες), novella; 1st ed. 1964; 2nd ed. 2008; .
Afentis Batistas and The Other Things (Ο αφέντης Μπατίστας και τ' άλλα), novel; 1st ed. 1980; 2nd ed. 2008; .
Poetry
With Metre and Without Metre (Με μέτρο και χωρίς μέτρο), 1934.
Minima, 1946.
The Songs of Humble Life (Τα τραγούδια της ταπεινής ζωής), 1954.
Moments (Στιγμές), 1958.
Addendum to Moments (Συμπλήρωμα των Στιγμών), 1960.
Poetry of Costas Montis (Ποίηση του Κώστα Μόντη), 1962.
Letter To Mother and Other Verses (Γράμμα στη μητέρα και άλλοι στίχοι), 1965.
To the Unknown Man (Αγνώστω ανθρώπω), 1968.
From the Beloved Cyprus (Εξ ιμερτής Κύπρου), 1969.
In Nicosia, On... (Εν Λευκωσία τη…), 1970.
Second Letter To Mother (Δεύτερο γράμμα στη μητέρα), 1972.
And Then In Sea-Washed Cyprus... (Και τότ' εν ειναλίη Κύπρω…), 1974.
Grieving Inside Myself (Πικραινόμενος εν εαυτώ), 1975.
Cyprus In Aulis (Κύπρος εν Αυλίδι), 1976.
Poems For Young and Older Children (Ποιήματα για μικρά και μεγάλα παιδιά), 1976.
Selection from Moments (Επιλογή από τις Στιγμές), 1978.
In The Language I First Spoke (Στη γλώσσα που πρωτομίλησα), 1980.
Cyprus Figurines (Κύπρια ειδώλια), 1980.
With the Fear of Man (Μετά φόβου ανθρώπου…), 1982.
Fighting Against (Αντίμαχα), 1983.
In Conclusion (Ως εν κατακλείδι), 1984.
To Slaughter (Επὶ σφαγήν), 1985.
In The Shade (Υπό σκιάν), 1987.
Now That I Can Read Better (Τώρα που διαβάζω καλύτερα), 1988.
The Messages of the Verse (Του στίχου τα μηνύματα), 1991.
Let the verse take you by the hand (Αφήστε τον στίχο να σας πάρη απ' το χέρι), 1993.
Costas Montis: A Small Selection From His Poetry (Κώστας Μόντης: Μικρή ανθολόγηση από την ποίησή του), 2003.
Plays
Entry To Stress Prohibited (Απαγορεύεται η είσοδος στο άγχος), 1973.
Translations by Costas Montis
Aristophanes' Lysistrata (Trans. into the Cypriot dialect, 1972)
Aristophanes' Ecclesiazouses (Trans. into the Cypriot dialect, 1988)
Anthologies
Anthology of Cypriot Poetry (From Ancient Times Until Today) [Ανθολογία Κυπριακής Ποιήσεως (Απ' τ' αρχαία χρόνια ως σήμερα)], in collaboration with Andreas Christofides, 1965; 2nd ed. 1973
Anthology of Young Cypriot Poets (Ανθολογία νέων Κυπρίων ποιητών), 1969.
Cypriot Folk Songs (Κυπριακά Δημοτικά Τραγούδια), 1971.
Complete Works
Complete Works (Άπαντα), 1987.
Complete Works: Addendum (Άπαντα: Συμπλήρωμα), 1988.
Complete Works: Addendum 2 (Άπαντα: Συμπλήρωμα Β), 1991.
Complete Works: Addendum 3 (Άπαντα: Συμπλήρωμα Γ), 1993.
Complete Works: Addendum 4 (Άπαντα: Συμπλήρωμα Δ), 1997.
Complete Works: Addendum 5 (Άπαντα: Συμπλήρωμα Ε), 1999.
Complete Works: Addendum 6 (Άπαντα: Συμπλήρωμα Ζ), 2001.
Complete Works: Addendum 7 (Άπαντα: Συμπλήρωμα Στ), 2002.
English translations
Moments, trans. by Amaranth Sitas and Charles Dodd, 1965.
Letters To Mother and Other Verses, trans. by Amaranth Sitas and Charles Dodd, 1984.
Anthology of Cypriot Poetry, trans. in collaboration with Andreas Christofides and Amy Mims, 1974.
Closed Doors: An Answer to Bitter Lemons by Lawrence Durrell, trans. by David Roessel & Soterios Stavrou, 2004 ().
Afentis Batistas, trans. by Stalo Monti-Pouagare, 2006 ().
Other translations
Heer Batistas en de andere dingen (Dutch ed., trans. by Hero Hokwerda; 2008; )
Afendi Batistas (German ed., trans. by Konstanze Jablonowski; 1988; )
Porte chiuse (Italian ed., trans. by Daniele Macris; 2001; )
Anthologie de la Poesie Chypriote (French ed.; trans. in collaboration with Henry Aufrere and Andreas Christofides, 1972)
References
External links
http://www.costasmontis.com – His official website contains not only information about his life and work, but also video clips of him reciting his poems, and audio clips of songs for which he wrote the lyrics.
Modern Greek poets
Cypriot novelists
1914 births
2004 deaths
20th-century poets
People educated at Pancyprian Gymnasium
People from Famagusta | {'title': 'Costas Montis', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costas%20Montis', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Carlo J. Caparas' Panday or simply Panday () is a Philippine fantasy television series on ABS-CBN. The pilot episode of the first book (Panday: Unang Yugto) aired on November 7, 2005, replacing Ikaw ang Lahat sa Akin and ended with its last episode on December 9, 2005. The second book (Panday: Ang Ikalawang Yugto) aired its pilot episode on April 3, 2006, ended with the series finale on May 26, 2006, and was replaced by Calla Lily. The series is based on the fictional comics character of the same name, which was created by Carlo J. Caparas and illustrated by Steve Gan.
Background
Panday literally means "the blacksmith". Ang Panday is the TV adaptation of the Fernando Poe Jr. film series Ang Panday from the early 1980s. It is about a blacksmith who made an enchanted sword that gives him special powers to battle the dark forces.
Some of the location shots were taken in a remote town in Bohol, where the beach is white. Locals called it "colgate-white".
Plot
A meteor crashes into the desert of Sto. Sepulcro. The town blacksmith, Flavio, forges a dagger and a churchbell from the remains of the meteor. He uses the dagger to fight off the evil Sombra Oscura, who constantly attacks the town. By some mystical power, the dagger transforms into a great sword every time Flavio wields it.
In his final battle against evil, the Panday faces off against Lizardo, the son of Rodgin and the leader of the Sombras. The battle is intense, but Flavio prevails in the end, vanquishing Lizardo.
Having saved Sto. Sepulcro, Flavio decides to give up his sword. He goes to the church and casts his fabled weapon into the bell he also made. A white light then shoots out from the sky, and it lifts up Panday into the heavens.
The people of Sto. Sepulcro rejoice now that Panday has brought them peace. Unbeknownst to them, the Sombras discover that there is a part of Lizardo that is still alive — his brain.
To bring him back to life, they must transcend time and space to look for the girl who can resurrect their master.
In that time, Tristan, (played by Jericho Rosales) as the town's blacksmith, forges another sword with the same Flavio created.
Cast and characters
Main cast
Jericho Rosales as Tristan/Panday
Heart Evangelista as Eden/Camia
Supporting cast
Victor Neri as Lizardo
Nante Montreal as Tata Selo
Julio Pacheco as Utoy
Unang Yugto characters
World 1
Phillip Salvador as Flavio/Panday
Marianne dela Riva as Esmeralda
Nante Montreal as Tata Selo
Roldan Aquino as Mang Emong
Chris Vertido as Padre Damian
Shyr Valdez as Lolita
Chen Zenhric Dimayuga as Diego
Ian de Leon as Domingo
Christopher Roxas as Julio
Neri Naig as Florentina
Eva Darren as Nana Selo
Bea Nicolas as Henia
Joe Gruta as Misteryosong Matanda
Joshua Dionisio as Boyet
Mico Palanca as Alfred
Mike Austria as Mr. Roxas
Vivian Foz as Mrs. Roxas
Michaela Espinosa as Danica
Ikalawang Yugto characters
World 2
Derek Ramsay as Kahimu
Monsour del Rosario as Kaupay
Levi Ignacio as Kahuyo
Dan Fernandez as Kabuog
Apreal Tolentino as Suruguon
Jeni Hernandez as Madalagan
Ashley Silverio as Mabaysay
Vanessa Gomez as Masayawon
Maricar Fernandez as Makantahon
Diana Dayao as Matawahon
World 3
Kristine Hermosa as Camia
Paw Diaz as Dahlia
Anna Larrucea as Magnolia
Tanya Gomez as Violeta (past)
Erich Gonzales as Violeta (present)
Rafael Rosell as Calyptus
Eric Fructuoso as Gumma
Ketchup Eusebio as Orkido
Villains
Unang Yugto villains
World 1
Rommel Montano as Socur
Mon Confiado as Magnus
Levi Ignacio as Feirrus
Paul Guzman as Rusticus
Aleck Bovick as Lady Feirrus
Ikalawang Yugto villains
World 2
Dimples Romana as Manaram
Michelle Bayle as Andam
World 3
Victor Neri as Jiamondo
Carlos Agassi as Jaffir
Jeremiah Rosales as Emer
Bernard Palanca as Kamatayan
Production
Casting
In June 2005, Heart Evangelista was cast as Eden, the love interest of Tristan, after a two-month-long auditioning process was conducted by ABS-CBN.
Reception
According to AGB Neilsen, the pilot episode of Ang Panday gained an impressive of 44.7% national ratings, winning against its rival Encantadia.
See also
Fantaserye and telefantasya
List of shows previously aired by ABS-CBN
List of dramas of ABS-CBN
Ang Panday (2016 TV series)
Ang Panday (2017 film)
References
External links
Panday
2005 Philippine television series debuts
2006 Philippine television series endings
ABS-CBN drama series
Fantaserye and telefantasya
Filipino-language television shows
Television series by Star Creatives
Television shows based on comics
Television shows set in the Philippines | {'title': 'Panday (2005 TV series)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panday%20%282005%20TV%20series%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The men's individual road race cycling event at the 1936 Summer Olympics took place on 10 August over 100 km. Ninety-nine cyclists from 28 nations competed. This was the first time that the cycling road race was conducted as a mass start event since 1896 and was one of six cycling events at the 1936 Olympics. The men's team road race was held in conjunction with this event, with teams having four riders and the team time taken as sum of the team's three best finishers. The individual event was won by Robert Charpentier of France, with his teammate Guy Lapébie in second. Ernst Nievergelt of Switzerland took bronze. They were the first men's mass-start road race medals for both nations, which had not competed in 1896.
Background
This was the second appearance of the event, previously held in 1896; it would be held at every Summer Olympics after 1936. It replaced the individual time trial event that had been held from 1912 to 1932 (and which would be reintroduced alongside the road race in 1996). French cyclist Robert Charpentier was the runner-up in the 1935 UCI Road World Championships. Three-speed bikes were innovative at the time, with many riders adopting them.
Germany and Great Britain made their second appearances in the event; the other 26 nations competing in 1936 each made their debut.
Competition format and course
The race was on a course that covered 100 kilometres, starting and finishing at the North Curve of the Avus motor racing circuit. It followed "relatively flat roads," with elevation shifts limited to between 32 and 80 metres above sea level and the steepest grade at 46.1 metres per kilometre.
Schedule
Results
Some of the cyclists with unknown times may not have finished.
References
Road cycling at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Cycling at the Summer Olympics – Men's road race | {'title': "Cycling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race", 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling%20at%20the%201936%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20individual%20road%20race', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Carrefour de l'Arbre, officially Pavé de Luchin, is a 2.1 km cobbled road in the municipalities of Camphin-en-Pévèle, Baisieux-Sin and Gruson, in the Nord department of Northern France. The location was the setting of the Battle of Bouvines, which ended the Anglo-French War in 1214. Today, the road is best known from the cycling classic Paris–Roubaix, where it has often proved decisive due to its proximity to Roubaix and cumulative difficulty.
Characteristics
Carrefour de l'Arbre () is on open land between Gruson and Camphin-en-Pévèle. The road starts westward from Camphin-en-Pévèle along the Rue de Cysoing towards Camphin de l'Arbre. The first half consists of a series of corners over highly irregular pavé towards Luchin. The second half starts after crossing an asphalt road and finishes at the Café de l'Arbre restaurant.
Paris–Roubaix
The road is one of three "five-star" pavé sectors of Paris–Roubaix, together with Mons-en-Pévèle and the Trouée d'Arenberg. It is considered one of the hardest passages of the race because of the bad state of the cobbles. As it comes at 15 km from the finish in Roubaix it is a pivotal location of the event and has often proved decisive.
References
Cobbled streets
Paris–Roubaix
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Anglo-French wars
Wars involving France | {'title': "Carrefour de l'Arbre", 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrefour%20de%20l%27Arbre', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Lorenzo Raggi (1615 – 14 January 1687) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal.
Early life
Raggi was born in 1615 in Genoa. He was the nephew of Cardinal Ottaviano Raggi; elevated in 1641 by Pope Urban VIII.
He was educated in Rome and received a doctorate in philosophy. On 16 December 1641, the day his uncle became a cardinal, Raggi was appointed a cleric of the Apostolic Chamber. He later became that body's treasurer-general. He was appointed Commissary of the papal troops during the Wars of Castro and Intendant-General of the galleys of the Papal State.
At times when Cardinal Fausto Poli was not in Rome, Raggi acted at Majordomo of the papal household. Some historians have suggested that Urban intended to elevate Raggi to the cardinalate but was unable to prior to his illness and subsequent death in 1644.
In 1646, as treasurer of the Apostolic Chamber, Raggi ushered-in major changes to the way fees were calculated and collected, reforming processes that had been the subject of concern during Urban's reign and increasing accountability.
Cardinalate
Raggi was finally elevated to cardinal by Pope Innocent X on 7 October 1647 and was appointed cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Domnica in December of that year. He acted temporarily as Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1650 during the absence of Cardinal Antonio Barberini. In 1653, he was appointed cardinal-deacon of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria. At the death of Innocent X in 1655, Raggi participated in the papal conclave that elected Pope Alexander VII.
Raggi became cardinal-deacon of Sant'Eustachio in 1660 and then cardinal-priest of Santi Quirico e Giulietta in 1664. In that same year he was appointed Cardinal-protector of Sicily, a position he held until his death.
He took part in the papal conclave of 1667 which elected Pope Clement IX, the conclave of 1669-70 which elected Pope Clement X the conclave of 1676 which elected Pope Innocent XI. He became cardinal-priest of San Lorenzo in Damaso 1679.
Bishopric
Twice he was offered archbishoprics by King Felipe IV of Spain, first Salerno and Taranto, but refused both. Instead he served as Legate in Romagna. Eventually he opted for a suburbicarian see and became Bishop of Palestrina in January 1680 and was consecrated only days later on 14 January by Cardinal Alderano Cybo.
Raggi died exactly 7 years later on 14 January 1687 in Ravenna and was buried in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in that city.
References
1687 deaths
17th-century Italian cardinals
1615 births
Clergy from Genoa | {'title': 'Lorenzo Raggi', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo%20Raggi', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The beta hairpin (sometimes also called beta-ribbon or beta-beta unit) is a simple protein structural motif involving two beta strands that look like a hairpin. The motif consists of two strands that are adjacent in primary structure, oriented in an antiparallel direction (the N-terminus of one sheet is adjacent to the C-terminus of the next), and linked by a short loop of two to five amino acids. Beta hairpins can occur in isolation or as part of a series of hydrogen bonded strands that collectively comprise a beta sheet.
Researchers such as Francisco Blanco et al. have used protein NMR to show that beta-hairpins can be formed from isolated short peptides in aqueous solution, suggesting that hairpins could form nucleation sites for protein folding.
Classification
Beta hairpins were originally categorized solely by the number of amino acid residues in their loop sequences, such that they were named one-residue, two-residue, etc. This system, however, is somewhat ambiguous as it does not take into account whether the residues that signal the end of the hairpin are singly or doubly hydrogen bonded to one another. An improved means of classification has since been proposed by Milner-White and Poet. Beta hairpins are broken into four distinct classes as depicted in the publication's Figure 1. Each class begins with the smallest possible number of loop residues and progressively increases the loop size by removing hydrogen bonds in the beta sheet. The primary hairpin of class 1 is a one-residue loop where the bound residues share two hydrogen bonds. One hydrogen bond is then removed to create a three-residue loop, which is the secondary hairpin of class 1. Singly bound residues are counted in the loop sequence but also signal the end of the loop, thus defining this hairpin as a three-residue loop. This single hydrogen bond is then removed to create the tertiary hairpin; a five-residue loop with doubly bound residues. This pattern continues indefinitely and defines all beta hairpins within the class. Class 2 follows the same pattern beginning with a two-residue loop with terminating residues that share two hydrogen bonds. Class 3 begins with a three-residue, and class 4 with a four-residue. Class 5 does not exist as that primary hairpin is already defined in class 1.
Pi
This classification scheme not only accounts for various degrees of hydrogen bonding, but also says something about the biological behavior of the hairpin. Single amino acid replacements may destroy a particular hydrogen bond, but will not unfold the hairpin or change its class. On the other hand, amino acid insertions and deletions will have to unfold and reform the entire beta strand in order to avoid a beta bulge in the secondary structure. This will change the class of the hairpin in the process. As substitutions are the most common amino acid mutations, a protein could potentially undergo a conversion without affecting the functionality of the beta hairpin.
Folding and binding dynamics
Understanding the mechanism through which micro-domains fold can help to shed light onto the folding patterns of whole proteins. Studies of a beta hairpin called chignolin (see Chignolin on Proteopedia) have uncovered a stepwise folding process that drives beta-hairpin folding. This hairpin has sequence features similar to over 13,000 known hairpins, and thus may serve as a more general model for beta hairpin formation. The formation of a native turn region signals the folding cascade to start, where a native turn is one that is present in the final folded structure.
In the folding of overall proteins, the turn may originate not in the native turn region but in the C-strand of the beta-hairpin. This turn then propagates through the C-strand (the beta strand leading to C-terminus) until it reaches the native turn region. Sometimes the residue interactions leading up to the native turn region are too strong, causing reverse propagation. However, once the native turn does form, interactions between prolines and tryptophan residues (seen in image at right) in the region help to stabilize the turn, preventing "roll back" or dissolution.
Researchers believe that turns do not originate in the N-strand, due to increased rigidity (often caused by a proline leading up to the native turn region) and less conformational options. The initial turn formation takes place in about 1 μs. Once the initial turn has been established, two mechanisms have been proposed as to how the rest of the beta-hairpin folds: a hydrophobic collapse with side-chain level rearrangements, or the more accepted zipper-like mechanism.
The β-hairpin loop motif can be found in many macromolecular proteins. However, small and simple β-hairpins can exist on their own as well. To see this clearly, the Pin1 Domain protein is shown to the left as an example.
Proteins that are β-sheet rich, also called WW domains, function by adhering to proline-rich and/or phosphorylated peptides to mediate protein–protein interactions. The "WW" refers to two tryptophan (W) residues that are conserved within the sequence and aid in the folding of the β-sheets to produce a small hydrophobic core. These tryptophan residues can be seen below (right) in red.
This enzyme binds its ligand through van der Waals forces of the conserved tryptophans and the proline-rich areas of the ligand. Other amino acids can then associate with the hydrophobic core of the β-hairpin structure to enforce secure binding.
It is also common to find proline residues within the actual loop portion of the β-hairpin, since this amino acid is rigid and contributes to the "turn" formation. These proline residues can be seen as red side chains in the image of the Pin1 WW domain below (left).
Artificially designed beta-hairpin
The design of peptides that adopt β-hairpin structure (without relying on metal binding, unusual amino acids, or disulfide crosslinks) has made significant progress and yielded insights into protein dynamics. Unlike α-helices, β-hairpins are not stabilized by a regular hydrogen bonding pattern. As a result, early attempts required at least 20–30 amino acid residues to attain stable tertiary folds of β-hairpins. However, this lower limit was reduced to 12 amino acids by the stability gains conferred by the incorporation of tryptophan-tryptophan cross-strand pairs. Two nonhydrogen-bonding tryptophan pairs have been shown to interlock in a zipper-like motif, stabilizing the β-hairpin structure while still allowing it to remain water-soluble. The NMR structure of a tryptophan zipper (trpzip) β-peptide shows the stabilizing effect of favorable interactions between adjacent indole rings.
The synthesis of trpzip β-hairpin peptides has incorporated photoswitches that facilitate precise control over folding. Several amino acids in the turn are replaced by azobenzene, which can be induced to switch from the trans to the cis conformation by light at 360 nm. When the azobenzene moiety is in the cis conformation, the amino acid residues align correctly to adopt a β-hairpin formation. However, the trans conformation does not have proper turn geometry for the β-hairpin. This phenomenon can be used to investigate peptide conformational dynamics with femtosecond absorption spectroscopy.
References
Protein structural motifs | {'title': 'Beta hairpin', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20hairpin', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Trapezoidal thread forms are screw thread profiles with trapezoidal outlines. They are the most common forms used for leadscrews (power screws). They offer high strength and ease of manufacture. They are typically found where large loads are required, as in a vise or the leadscrew of a lathe. Standardized variations include multiple-start threads, left-hand threads, and self-centering threads (which are less likely to bind under lateral forces).
The original trapezoidal thread form, and still probably the one most commonly encountered worldwide, with a 29° thread angle, is the Acme thread form ( ). The Acme thread was developed in 1894 as a profile well suited to power screws that has various advantages over the square thread, which had been the form of choice until then. It is easier to cut with either single-point threading or die than the square thread is (because the latter's shape requires tool bit or die tooth geometry that is poorly suited to cutting). It wears better than a square thread (because the wear can be compensated for) and is stronger than a comparably sized square thread. It allows smoother engagement of the half nuts on a lathe leadscrew than a square thread. It is one of the strongest symmetric thread profiles; however, for loads in only one direction, such as vises, the asymmetric buttress thread profile can bear greater loads.
The trapezoidal metric thread form is similar to the Acme thread form, except the thread angle is 30°. It is codified by DIN 103. While metric screw threads are more prevalent worldwide than imperial threads for triangular thread forms, the imperially sized Acme threads predominate in the trapezoidal thread form.
Acme thread characteristics
The Acme thread form has a 29° thread angle with a thread height half of the pitch; the apex (or crest) and valley (or root) are flat. This shape is easier to machine (faster cutting, longer tool life) than a square thread. The tooth shape also has a wider base which means it is stronger (thus, the screw can carry a greater load) than a similarly sized square thread. This thread form also allows for the use of a split nut, which can compensate for nut wear.
The line of General Purpose (GP) Acme threads (ASME/ANSI B1.5-1997) are not designed to sustain external radial loads and both the nut and bolt are, ideally, independently supported (the nut by a linear guide and the screw by shaft bearings). This is due to the need to avoid "wedging" of the thread flanks when subjected to radial loads, which would contribute substantially to friction forces and thread wear. However, there is a Centralizing Acme-thread standard (also specified in ASME/ANSI B1.5-1997) which caters to applications where the threads are not radially supported, where the roots and crests of opposing threads are designed to come into contact before the flanks do under radial loads. This adds the requirement that the sum of the allowances (clearances) and tolerances on the major diameters of nut and bolt be less than the sum of the allowances on the pitch diameters (PD). The drawback is that for a given amount of end play (axial clearance due solely to PD clearances), closer tolerances and a cleaner work environment are necessitated in the application of a Centralizing Acme thread.
Compared to square threads, disadvantages of the Acme thread form are lower efficiency due to higher friction and some radial load on the nut (angular offset from square).
When created before 1895, Acme screw threads were intended to replace square threads and a variety of threads of other forms used chiefly for the purpose of traversing on machines, tools, etc. Acme screw threads are now extensively used for a variety of purposes. Long-length Acme threads are used for controlled movements on machine tools, testing machines, jacks, aircraft flaps, and conveyors. Short-length threads are used on valve stems, hose connectors, bonnets on pressure cylinders, steering mechanisms, and camera lens movement.
The thread form shown in the figure (Basic ACME thread profile) is called "basic". The actual thread heights on both the internal (nut) and external (bolt) threads differ from by allowances (or clearances):
A minimum root-crest clearance of (diametral) between opposing threads with 10 tpi (threads-per-inch) or fewer, and for finer pitches. (This is also true for the minor diameters of the Centralizing Acme thread, though not its major diameters, where the allowance is made less than the PD allowance.)
A PD allowance, which makes the PD smaller than "basic" in the case of the GP and external Centralizing Acme threads, but greater in the case of the internal Centralizing Acme thread.
The net effect is that the minimum thread heights are greater than "basic" for internal and external GP threads and for external Centralizing threads, and the maximum height for internal Centralizing Acme threads is shorter than "basic". The maximum diameter (within tolerance) at the crest of the external threads (called the max. major diameter of external thread) is that of the basic thread form and equals the "nominal diameter", D, stated in the screw's designation. The minimum diameter (within tolerance) at the crest of the internal thread (called the min. minor diameter of internal thread) is that of the basic thread form and equals the nominal diameter minus twice the basic thread height (i.e. D − P).
There is also a "Stub Acme" thread standard, identical in all respects to the one just described except for the height of the basic thread being 0.3P.
Metric trapezoidal thread characteristics
In case of the trapezoidal thread form the angle is 30° instead of 29°. All dimensions are in millimeters.
Trapezoidal threads are defined as follows by ISO standards:
Tr60×9
where Tr designates a trapezoidal thread, 60 is the nominal diameter in millimeters, and 9 is the pitch in millimeters. When there is no suffix it is a single start thread. If there is a suffix then the value after the multiplication sign is the lead and the value in the parentheses is the pitch. For example:
Tr60×18(P9)LH
would denote two starts, as the lead divided by the pitch is two. The "LH" denotes a left hand thread.
Other trapezoidal threads
For maintaining air conditioning systems using R134a gas, a non standard "ACME" thread is specified for gas canisters.
See also
Buttress thread
Leadscrew
Ball screw
Notes
References
Bibliography
.
.
External links
Standard Acme threads
Nominal dimension for trapezoidal thread profiles
Trapezoidal coarse thread
Trapezoidal fine thread
Stub ACME Thread Sizes and Data Chart
ASME: Acme Screw Threads B1.5-1997
Manufacturer of trapezoidal screws
Metric Trapezoidal Threads
Screws
Thread standards
Threading (manufacturing) | {'title': 'Trapezoidal thread form', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezoidal%20thread%20form', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Wuling Hongguang S3 () is a compact SUV produced by SAIC-GM-Wuling, the joint venture of Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, Liuzhou Wuling Motors Co and GM China under the Wuling Hongguang product series.
Overview
The Wuling Hongguang S3 was unveiled during the 2017 Shanghai Auto Show in China. It is powered by a 1.5-litre naturally aspirated engine or a 1.5-litre turbocharged engine, with each engine mated to a five-speed manual gearbox. As the first SUV of the Wuling brand, it seats seven in a 2-2-3 configuration.
The S3 was aimed at the low end of the market with prices ranging from 56,800 to 81,800 yuan ($9,012 – 12,778).
See also
Wuling Hongguang S1, the compact MPV that shares the same platform positioned slightly below the Wuling Hongguang S3
References
External links
Wuling Hongguang S3 website (China)
Hongguang S3
Cars introduced in 2017
2020s cars
Compact sport utility vehicles
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars of China | {'title': 'Wuling Hongguang S3', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuling%20Hongguang%20S3', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Samson Chukwu (also spelled Samsson) (died May 1, 2001) was a 27-year-old Nigerian asylum seeker detained in the Swiss canton of Valais in an attempt to deport him to Lagos, Nigeria via Kloten, Switzerland. While detained in Granges, Valais at Crêtelongue Prison, he was handcuffed lying on his stomach. A police officer rested his weight onto Chukwu's back leading to Chukwu's death by "postural asphyxiation".
Before authorities were able to complete an autopsy, State Councilor Jean-René Fournier, responsible for security and institutions claimed that the cause of death was a heart attack. The final autopsy results released in July 2001 confirmed asphyxiation as the cause of death.
Chukwu's family filed a lawsuit against local police officials. However, a Valais court later dismissed the lawsuit citing officer ignorance of the detainment method's danger.
Amnesty International used the case to urge Switzerland to reduce their program of forced deportations. The organization has also used Chukwu's death as evidence of a larger pattern of excessive force used by Swiss police, and the event lead to police reform in the country. Chukwu's death was the second case in two years of an asylum seeker being suffocated to death by Swiss authorities.
While large scale public protests did not occur at the time, Chukwu's name has often been cited in subsequent Black Lives Matter protests in Switzerland.
References
2001 deaths
1974 births
People who died in police custody | {'title': 'Death of Samson Chukwu', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20of%20Samson%20Chukwu', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Kafelnikov (; born 18 February 1974) is a Russian former world No. 1 tennis player. He won two Grand Slam singles titles, the 1996 French Open and the 1999 Australian Open, and a gold medal at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. He also won four Grand Slam doubles titles, and is the most recent man to have won both the men's singles and doubles titles at the same Grand Slam tournament (which he accomplished at the 1996 French Open). In 2019, Kafelnikov was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
Career
In his breakthrough year in 1994, Kafelnikov won three titles, reached the Hamburg Masters final and beat world top-5 players on six occasions. His ranking rose from 102 at the beginning of the year, to a year-end ranking of 11.
In 1995, he reached his first Grand Slam semifinals, beating world no. 1 Andre Agassi in straight sets in the quarterfinals. He also defeated three top-10 players (Michael Stich, Goran Ivanisevic and Boris Becker) on his way to the title in Milan.
At the 1996 French Open, Kafelnikov became the first Russian to ever win a Grand Slam title, defeating Michael Stich in the final in straight sets, having beaten world no. 1 Pete Sampras in the semifinals.
Kafelnikov was finalist at the 1997 ATP Tour World Championships, and won three titles during that season. In doubles, he won both the French Open and US Open partnering Daniel Vacek.
At the 1999 Australian Open, 10th seed Kafelnikov won his second singles Grand Slam title, defeating Thomas Enqvist in the final in four sets. He also won in Rotterdam and Moscow, was runner-up at the Canadian Open and reached the semifinals of the US Open.
Seeded fifth, Kafelnikov won the gold medal in the men's singles tournament at the 2000 Olympic Games, beating second seed Gustavo Kuerten in the quarterfinals and Tommy Haas in the final in five sets. He also reached the final of the Australian Open and the quarterfinals of the French Open.
In 2001, he defeated world no. 1 Gustavo Kuerten in the quarterfinals of the US Open for the loss of just seven games, before losing to Lleyton Hewitt in the semifinals. Kafelnikov was also a finalist at the Paris Masters, quarterfinalist at the Australian Open and French Open, and won a record fifth consecutive title in Moscow.
Kafelnikov won his fourth and final doubles Grand Slam at the French Open in 2002, partnering Paul Haarhuis, and his final career singles title, in Tashkent. He was also a member of Russia's Davis Cup-winning team in 2002.
Kafelnikov played his last ATP-tour match in October 2003 (in St Petersburg). In total, he won 53 titles across singles and doubles during his career, and he remains the last male player to win both singles and doubles titles at the same Grand Slam.
Post-retirement
Since retiring from tennis, Kafelnikov cashed three times at the 2005 World Series of Poker. He also played golf on the European Tour at the 2005, 2008, 2013, 2014 and 2015 Russian Open, 2012, 2013 and 2014 Austrian Open, and the 2014 Czech Masters, plus several Challenge Tour events, without making any cuts. During the 2008 Miami Masters, Kafelnikov coached Marat Safin (in the absence of Safin's usual coach, Hernán Gumy). In 2009 and 2010, he participated in the ATP Champions Tour (for retired ATP-professional tennis players), finishing in third place in tournaments in Chengdu, Bogota and São Paulo.
Kafelnikov was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2019, not counting enough votes in his previous nominations in 2012 (compared to Gustavo Kuerten and Jennifer Capriati), in 2015 (compared to David Hall and Amélie Mauresmo), and in 2018 (compared to Michael Stich and Helena Suková). In May 2017, Kafelnikov was extensively interviewed by the most popular Russian website Sports.ru considering his current political preferences. In August 2020, Kafelnikov announced his plans to settle in [Western / old] Europe.
In March 2021, Kafelnikov faced another wave of rumors about his retirement in 2003 as really being caused by ATP's desire to avoid a betting scandal considering his match in Lyon against Fernando Vicente. Russian volleyball player Aleksey Spiridonov said in an interview: "Kafelnikov is corrupt. He made bets against himself during his career. And then he finished abruptly when being grabbed by the ass. I know. My friends work in the offices. And someone in an interview also said that Kafelnikov offered him to bet against himself and lose the match. Who pinned him down? There was no [powerful] tennis federation back then. I think, the gangsters". One week after his match in 2003, Kafelnikov said about the accusations: "This is a complete bullshit, but now in the locker room, they [players] look at me like at an enemy of the people. Even in my country where I have always been a role model they [people] have begun to look at me that way. I talked to Fernando and he said his mother was crying on the phone because of this. Those who made this mess should be punished. The article says Kafelnikov has been involved in match-fixing and it rips me to pieces. I do not want to be associated with betting in any way".
To a lesser extent, the player has been commemorated for his outspoken jealousy towards the much more impressive incomes of golf players in general, if compared to his colleagues in tennis. Lindsay Davenport correspondingly voiced some support for Kafelnikov's claim who was also worried "it would be a shame to see the public lose sympathy in me just because I am making such a statement". In January 2001, during the 2001 Australian Open, he concluded: "If you look at the golfers, we are taking an extreme example now, of course, the golfers make $540,000 a week to the winner. And this is the lowest tournament that they have on the U.S. Tour. If you look at the tennis players, to win a tournament, win five matches [at the] absolutely lowest level tournament you make only $42,000. I think it is quite bizarre to see that kind of money in a tennis game."
Major finals
Grand Slam tournaments
Singles: 3 (2–1)
Doubles: 5 (4–1)
Olympic Games
Singles: 1 (1 gold medal)
Year-end championships
Singles: 1 (0–1)
Masters 1000 tournaments
Singles: 5 (0–5)
Doubles: 11 (7–4)
ATP career finals
Singles: 46 (26 titles, 20 runner-ups)
Doubles: 41 (27–14)
Performance timelines
Singles
1Held in Stockholm till 1994, held as Stuttgart Masters from 1995 until 2001. Held as Madrid Masters from 2002 onwards.
Doubles
1Held in Stockholm till 1994, held as Stuttgart Masters from 1995 until 2001. Held as Madrid Masters from 2002 onwards.
Top 10 wins
Team titles
2002 – Davis Cup winner with Russia
2000, 2001, 2002 - World Team Cup finalist with Russia
Tennis records
He played exclusively with and endorsed racquets from Austrian company Fischer throughout his career.
One of eleven players to beat Roger Federer at Wimbledon (2000); the other ten being Jiří Novák (1999), Tim Henman (2001), Mario Ančić (2002), Rafael Nadal (2008), Tomáš Berdych (2010), Jo-Wilfried Tsonga (2011), Sergiy Stakhovsky (2013), Novak Djokovic (2014, 2015, 2019), Milos Raonic (2016) and Kevin Anderson (2018).
In the episode of Sports Night "Shane", Dan and Jeremy spend over an hour recording and rerecording a ten-second commercial voiceover because Dan cannot say Yevgeny Kafelnikov.
Kafelnikov is the only male player in the open era to have won two or more Grand Slam singles titles without also winning a Masters Series title, despite having reached five Masters Series finals.
He won the Kremlin Cup in Moscow for a record five consecutive times from 1997 to 2001.
Other interests
Kafelnikov is an avid supporter of Spartak Moscow FC.
Kafelnikov is a professional golfer, he has won the Russian Amateur Open Championship of Golf in 2011. Note that this national tournament should not be confused with the Russian Open tournament that wasn't held that year.
Kafelnikov starred in Virtua Tennis, an arcade tennis game.
Awards
1994–1999, 2001 The Russian Cup in the nomination Male Player of the Year
2000 The Russian Cup in the nomination Male Player of the Century
2002 The Russian Cup in the nomination Team of the Year (with M. Safin, M. Youzhny, S. Leonyuk, B. Sobkin, A. Cherkasov, V. Okhapkin, S. Yasnitsky, A. Glebov)
See also
Match fixing in tennis
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Australian Open (tennis) champions
French Open champions
International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Olympic tennis players of Russia
Sportspeople from Sochi
Russian male tennis players
Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in tennis
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Match fixing in tennis
ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players
Russian activists against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | {'title': 'Yevgeny Kafelnikov', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny%20Kafelnikov', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Rosanna "Rosie" Tovi is an American former competitive figure skater who competed in ladies' singles. She is the 1982 Asko Cup champion, 1983 U.S. national junior bronze medalist, and 1992 Eastern Sectional champion. She competed internationally at Prague Skate, Skate Canada International and the Asko Cup. Her coaches included Carlo Fassi, Frank Carroll, and John Nicks.
Tovi finished in the top ten at the 1992 U.S. Championships. She was inducted into the Skating Club of Lake Placid Hall of Fame. After turning professional in 1992, she performed pairs and singles. She was named British Professional champion following her performance at the 1998 World Professional Championships in Jaca, Spain. She traveled the world starring in tours, shows and TV specials including Dorothy Hamill's Cinderella Frozen in Time Tour and ABC-TV special and Torvill and Dean's Ice Adventures Tour and BBC television special. She also played Ariel in Disney On Ice's The Little Mermaid.
Tovi has worked as a skating coach and choreographer, and was named to the Professional Skaters Association Honor Roll of Coaches. She has also developed DVD figure skating lessons and a line of skating wear called Rosie Wear. She is the founder and chief executive officer of World Ice Events, LLC a skating event production and management company located in Manhattan. In May 2009 World Ice Events produced Stand Up For Life, a benefit show for Susan G. Komen For The Cure. The event was held in Essex County, New Jersey and featured Olympic champion Oksana Baiul, hosted by Olympian JoJo Starbuck and a cast of forty skaters.
Results
References
Living people
American female single skaters
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women | {'title': 'Rosie Tovi', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosie%20Tovi', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Evdoxios "Doxis" Bekris, (Greek: Δόξης Μπεκρής) born 30 July 1975 in Rhodes, Greece is a Greek chef, restaurateur, F&B consultant, author and culinary arts lecturer. He has launched and operated a number of renowned restaurants in Greece and around the world. Bekris was responsible for the F&B and Culinary operations of 34 Swissotel properties worldwide. He was chosen by Lufthansa as guest chef in their Star Chef Program and over 150 of his own menu creations were served on all of Lufthansa's inbound and outbound GCC flights.
Personal life
Doxis Bekris was born and raised on Rhodes island in southern Greece.
Culinary training
Bekris started his education at High School of Krestena, Peloponnese in 1990. He left the school at the age of 16 and completed his studies at the Technical Professional School of Tourism in Rhodes in 1993. Later he received a degree in Food Hygiene at Stamford College, UK
Bekris also holds an HND in Hospitality and Licensed Retail Management from the University of Wolverhampton, UK. Later, he also attended a fast track training program for chefs in The Culinary Institute of America (CIA) in Napa, California. While at CIA he was invited to perform as a presenter and guest chef at the annual event World Of Flavors
Career
Bekris’ first job was as a junior chef in a large hotel complex Esperides Resort in Rhodes, Greece he worked as a junior sous chef at a 3 Michelin Star Restaurant at Hotel L'Albereta, member of Altagamma. After this he moved back to Greece where he worked as an executive chef at various resorts. In 2004 he becomes the executive chef of a newly opened venue Residence Georgio Hotel in Athens.
In 2005 Bekris moved to Dubai, UAE to join the 5* Kempinski Hotel Mall of Emirates as an executive chef where he worked for 2 years.
In June 2007 Bekris was promoted to become a regional executive chef for Middle East and Africa of Kempinski Hotel S.A., being responsible for all of the hotel chain's pre-openings in the UAE, Djibouti, Bahrain, Lebanon, Morocco, Jordan and Egypt. In 2008 he became executive chef at The Address Downtown Dubai Hotel.
In November 2014 Bekris moved to Africa to lead the overall culinary operation of 3 luxury hotels of FRHI Hotels & Resorts group in Kenya. In 2016 he was recruited by the Raffles hotel in Dubai.
Awards and honors
Television
In 2013 Bekris was invited as a celebrity guest chef to star at one of the episodes of Master Chef 2 Greece TV Show
References
Greek chefs
1975 births
Culinary Institute of America alumni
Living people | {'title': 'Doxis Bekris', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxis%20Bekris', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
is a noodle soup and popular regional dish originating from Yamanashi, Japan made by stewing flat udon noodles and vegetables in miso soup. Though hōtō is commonly recognized as a variant of udon, locals do not consider it to be an udon dish because the dough is prepared in the style of dumplings rather than noodles.
Origins
Wheat farming and the flour culture were brought into Yamanashi prefecture due to shortages in local rice crops. Sericulture had turned lands traditionally reserved for rice crops into silk farms, and flour products like hōtō were invented as a means to counter food shortages which arose from this change in agriculture.
This transition may have begun in Yamanashi's Gunnai region, where rice farming was impossible to start due to cold temperature and large amounts of volcanic debris embedded into the soil. Wheat farming spread through the rest of the prefecture and into the neighboring Nagano, Shizuoka, Saitama, and Gunma prefectures, where similar cuisine using flour dough and soup can also be found. For example, a dish called nibōtō, which is identical to hōtō except with a soy sauce-flavored soup, can be found throughout Saitama and Gunma prefectures.
Takeda Shingen
Another prevalent theory suggests that hōtō was invented by local warlord Takeda Shingen. The redevelopment of industry and commerce after World War II made tourism the prefecture's most profitable enterprise, and the image of Takeda Shingen was used frequently to promote the area's regional products. Locals sought to popularize hōtō as a tourist food by advertising it as the meal consumed by Takeda Shingen and his soldiers before each battle. Modern-day tourists can enjoy hōtō in numerous local restaurants and in rather unlikely locations such as coffee shops and ice cream parlors.
A more extreme branch of these advertisements claims that the descendants of the Takeda clan introduced the recipe to the Tokugawa shogunate, who then used it to develop Nagoya's miso-nikomi udon. The validity of this statement remains highly speculative.
Etymology
Chinese origin theory
The name hōtō is commonly thought to be a euphony of ; the name for udon flour after it has been kneaded and cut.
The kanji "餺飥" first appeared in Nara period dictionaries, and their reading is listed in dictionaries of the cloistered rule period as hautau, showing that the pronunciation had already begun to transform into the reading hōtō. Though hōtō was introduced to Japan far earlier than udon, both names are believed to have originated from China. For instance, in modern-day Shanxi province of China, the word wonton is written with similar kanji (餛飩), and is pronounced "hōtō."
Local origin theory
Local linguists point out that the word is used in Edo period documents to describe all sorts of flour products, including flour made from non-wheat crops. In the local dialect, the word for flour is hatakimono, while the local word for grinding crops into powder is hataku. Some linguists theorize that hōtō actually originated from these local words when flour was turned into a popular dish.
Other linguists disagree with the Chinese origin theory because there is no conclusive evidence that the word originated from China. They argue that popular acceptance of hōtō as a cuisine found exclusively in the Yamanashi area voids theories stating that the word was imported from overseas. However, from a historical viewpoint, the word hataku first appears in documents around 1484 in the Muromachi period, while hōtō or hautau can be found much earlier in writings such as The Pillow Book. This contradicts the idea that hataku was the basis for the name of the dish.
Other theories
The word can also be thought of as a euphony of "宝刀" or "放蕩". For "宝刀" (treasure sword), the given explanation is that Takeda Shingen cut the ingredients for the dish with his own sword. However, linguists tend to view this idea as a clever play on words in an advertisement campaign rather than a legitimate theory.
Preparation and ingredients
The dough is kneaded with bare hands in a wooden bowl, and stretched out to dry. It is then folded over and cut into large pieces with a kitchen knife. Unlike udon, hōtō requires a tougher texture of dough, brought about by the amount of gluten, and the dough is not mixed with salt or left to sit. One peculiarity is that the noodles do not need to be parboiled; they are boiled raw along with the other ingredients.
It is generally thought that the best taste is brought out by boiling pumpkin in the miso soup until it becomes tender and melts into pieces. The dashi (soup base) is made from niboshi, which are often left in the soup in home-cooked meals. Vegetables differ by season; negi, onions, and potatoes are commonly included during the summer, while taro, carrots, and Chinese cabbage make up the winter ingredients, along with various types of mushrooms such as shiitake and shimeji. Pork or chicken can be included by preference. In terms of nutrition value, hōtō provides large amounts of starch from the noodles and potatoes, and vitamins and fiber from the soup and vegetables.
Most hōtō noodles are wider and flatter compared to regular udon noodles. Though it is a hearty meal on its own, it can be served with white rice in the same manner as miso soup. Some restaurants will serve hōtō with very thick, heavy noodles in large iron pots to bring about a voluminous feeling reminiscent of nabemono and other steamboat dishes.
Azuki bean hōtō
refers to red bean soup with hōtō noodles added instead of the traditional mochi or shiratama. Though red bean soup usually has a watery texture, azuki-bōtō consists of a thick, gluey stew, which is placed on the hōtō noodles and eaten like botamochi. A local dish from Ōita Prefecture called is extremely similar to azuki-bōtō, except sweeter and considered to be more of a snack rather than a meal. In this sense, hōtō differs significantly from the modern categorization of udon. Azuki-bōtō is not common, even within Yamanashi prefecture, and is usually only found in the old Kai province region. However, some local chain restaurants list azuki-bōtō on their regular menu.
Hōtō and the people of Yamanashi
It is customary for stores in Yamanashi prefecture to display Shingen Takeda's Fūrinkazan battle flag to signify that hōtō is being served. According to the people of Yamanashi, hōtō and udon are completely different and unrelated foods (similar to the way is regarded by the people of Nagoya).
Traditionally, each household would knead the dough from flour on their own. It was a popular dish amongst women who worked all day outside and needed to prepare dinner for a large farming family because the recipe and the process of making hōtō was not time-consuming or complicated. The soup usually consisted of larger quantities of vegetables than noodles, since flour was scarce and expensive. Many households reserved noodles as a treat served only to distinguished guests.
As modernization and industrialization of Japan continued, rice became the mainstay and the popularity of hōtō as a household dish dwindled. Supermarkets in Yamanashi now sell pre-packaged hōtō noodles and miso paste, and very few households go through the process of kneading their own flour anymore. Hōtō has gradually become standardized in taste and recipe, disappearing from household meals.
Many chain restaurants in Yamanashi have picked up on hōtō as a marketable food. Some only serve it in the traditional style with a miso base, while others use the aforementioned red bean soup or gochujang to create more variety in taste. Non-traditional ingredients such as oysters, turtle, and crab may also be included in some cases. These versions are often regarded as monstrosities by local residents, as the original simple dish arose out of poverty, but they have gained popularity among tourists.
See also
Udon
Ramen
Soba
List of Japanese soups and stews
List of noodle dishes
References
Japanese soups and stews
Udon
Noodle soups
Japanese noodle dishes
Cold noodles | {'title': 'Hōtō', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dt%C5%8D', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Tūrgār, also Thurgar (Sogdian: twrγ'r, Chinese: 咄曷 Duō-hé) was a medieval Sogdian ruler (an Ikhshid) in Transoxiana and successor to his father Ghurak during the period of the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. He was the last ruler of Samarkand and its surroundings from ca. 738 until no later than 755/57, until the Arabs took full control of the region. He was an Ikhshid, a princely title of the Iranian rulers of Soghdia and the Ferghana Valley in Transoxiana during the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods.
Turgar issued coinage with his own name in the legend. He was the last of the Ikhshid rulers to issue coinage. Many of his coins were found in the excavations of Penjikent.
Turgar was a successor of Gurak, who ruled in the period following the famous king Divashtich. Turgar's rule seems to have enjoyed a relative period of prosperity, under the rather benevolent supervision of the Muslim Umayyad Governor Nasr ibn Sayyar. This continued until the revolt of Abu Muslim and the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty, after which Sogdians had to convert to Islam.
References
Sources
Sogdian rulers
8th-century rulers in Asia
8th-century Iranian people
Zoroastrian rulers
People from Samarkand
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana | {'title': 'Turgar', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgar', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Victor Travers (1884 – 26 May 1948) was an English character actor of theatre and film, known for his work in many of the Three Stooges films. During his career, which began in 1938 and ended with his death in 1948, he appeared in more than 80 films.
Selected filmography
Heavenly Daze (1948)
All Gummed Up (1947)
Hold That Lion! (1947)
Blondie in the Dough (1947)
The Good Bad Egg (1947)
Half-Wits Holiday (1947)
The Three Troubledoers (1946)
Mr. Noisy (1946)
If a Body Meets a Body (1945)
Three Pests in a Mess (1945)
The Yoke's on Me (1944)
Crash Goes the Hash (1944)
Phony Express (1943)
Three Smart Saps (1942)
Loco Boy Makes Good (1942)
An Ache in Every Stake (1941)
Only Angels Have Wings (1939)
Three Sappy People (1939)
Oily to Bed, Oily to Rise (1939)
A Ducking They Did Go (1939)
Tassels in the Air (1938)
External links
1884 births
1948 deaths
English male film actors
English male stage actors
Male actors from Bradford
Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
20th-century English male actors
20th-century American comedians | {'title': 'Victor Travers', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Travers', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Taiwo Olubowale Allimi (born December 17, 1944 in Sagamu, Nigeria), is a Nigerian journalist and media executive.
Early life and education
Allimi was born on December 17, 1944 in Sagamu, Nigeria.
Career
He was director-general of Voice of Nigeria from 1999 to 2004, the chairman of Nigeria’s 2003, 2007 & 2007 presidential election debates on radio, television and satellites Abuja. Former chairman of the Broadcasting Organizations of Nigeria (BON), the umbrella association for all radio and television stations in Nigeria both public and privately owned stations, 1999-2004. Nigeria’s longest serving state commissioner of information, social welfare, youth, sports and culture, Ogun state, Nigeria – 1986-1991. Former vice president, Commonwealth Broadcasting Association (CBA), London– 2004. Founding member, global media aids initiative with Kofi Annan as chairman, UN New York, January 2004. He was author and initiator of the village-square-meeting concept for bottom-up approach and participatory governance towards sustainable human development in Nigeria, 1986. Founder and principal author of Nigeria’s model TV networks-Lagos television / Lagos weekend television, 1980-85. State delegate, Nigeria’s national political reform conference – 2005 – towards a new constitution for Nigeria. coordinator, Ogun State elders’ consultative forum, a non-partisan advisory group offering insight, guidance and direction on the weighty issues of contemporary governance in Ogun state, south west Nigeria – 2005 to date. other states and Africa (with dr. nelson Mandela) have copied the Ogun state model. He was the leading advocate for the establishment of indigenous community broadcasting system as the third-tier of broadcasting in Nigeria since 1992. He was the initiator, host and producer of Vote ‘83, the most celebrated TV elections coverage in Nigeria, 1983. Initiator, host and producer of Elections ‘79, Nigeria’s first television elections coverage on Nigerian television authority – NTA channel 10, Lagos, 1979. Chairman, plenary session, UNECA conference on “Putting development at the heart of broadcasting”, Addis Ababa, April 2003. He was a speaker on “Broadcasting and HIV/AIDS” at the World Electronic Media Forum, Geneva, Switzerland, 8–12 December 2003. First Nigerian TV journalist to introduce editorial opinion series Issues of our Time on Nigerian television, 1982. Initiator, host and producer of Lagos Report''' Nigeria’s award-winning television weeknight investigative series, on Nigerian television in 1977. Author of Without Time: Memoirs of a Journalist in Public Service'', published in April 1999. Aremo Taiwo Allimi principal consultant of Talim Associates Nigeria limited, a firm of media, research, broadcasting and communications development consultants, founded in 1986.
References
1944 births
Living people
Yoruba journalists
Nigerian television journalists
Nigerian media executives
People from Sagamu | {'title': 'Taiwo Allimi', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwo%20Allimi', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Qimonda AG ( ) was a German memory company split out of Infineon Technologies (itself a spun off business unit of Siemens AG) on 1 May 2006 to form at the time the second largest DRAM company worldwide, according to the industry research firm Gartner Dataquest. It was a patent licensing firm until Micron and others purchased its patents. Headquartered in Munich, Qimonda was a 300 mm manufacturer and was one of the top suppliers of DRAM products for the PC and server markets. Infineon still controls a 77.5% stake, which it has written down (2008). Infineon was on record as having the aim of divesting itself of this stake, with the purpose of becoming a minority stakeholder in 2009. The company has issued 42 million ADR shares, each ADR share representing one ordinary share in Qimonda.
At its height in 2007, Qimonda employed approximately 13,500 personnel worldwide, from whom 1,800 were employed in R&D with access to four 300 mm manufacturing sites and operating six major R&D facilities, and included a chip packaging complex in Vila do Conde, Portugal, and its lead R&D center in Dresden, Germany, in total covering three continents. During this time, and on into September 2008, the price of DRAM continued to decline due to market oversupply, resulting in significant corporate financial losses throughout 2008.
Meaning of Qimonda
"Qimonda" is an invented name, which falls into the "evocative" class by branding agencies. These names are designed to evoke the qualities of the product or company rather than explain the actual goods or services the company supplies. Along with the new name, the company supplies an explanation of its meaning: "The name and brand identity of Qimonda express the philosophy and personality of the company, illustrating its vision and values. The word “Qimonda” carries different meanings and allows associations in different languages. In Chinese, “Qi”, pronounced as "ch-ee', stands for breathing and flowing energy, while “monda” denotes “world” in Latin-based languages. "Qi", when pronounced as a hard "k", suggests “key to the world”, a positive connotation."
Products and achievements
Qimonda produced computing and consumer DRAM, graphics RAM, mobile RAM and Flash memory.
Qimonda was primarily reliant on its Deep Trench technology in comparison to the stack capacitor systems of its rival manufacturers. Deep Trench has the benefit of a theoretically smaller footprint than its stack capacitor rival. With approximately one-third lower power consumption due to lower leakage currents, its natural advantages lie in mobile and laptop applications where power supply is a limiting factor. Although offering significant advantages, deep trench technology is technically difficult to manufacture and has led to slippage of Qimonda's technology shrink roadmap in comparison to many of its rivals in recent years.
In 2008, Qimonda announced the development of its Buried Wordline Technology. Retaining many of the advantages of Deep Trench technology, in theory it simplifies the manufacturing process and the time provided Qimonda with a competitive technology shrink roadmap.
Qimonda was among the first DRAM suppliers to transition a substantial portion of the manufacturing to 300 mm technology. Approximately 2/3 of the DRAM bits shipped were manufactured using 300 mm wafers by February 2007. All 200 mm manufacturing ended by January 2009.
On September 18, 2006, Qimonda AG along with Nanya Technology Corporation announced the successful qualification of the 75 nm DRAM trench technology. Process structures of 75 nm further reduce chip size compared to the previous 90 nm technology thereby increasing potential chip output per wafer by about 40 percent.
On November 1, 2007, Qimonda AG announced shipment of first GDDR5 samples.
On February 3, 2009, Qimonda AG announced the first 46 nm working production chips using its Buried Wordline technology, fabricated at its Dresden 300 mm plant.
Restructuring and decline
Qimonda AG
In October 2008, major restructuring was announced to try to reduce losses and re-align the company within the struggling DRAM sector. The restructuring saw the sale of Qimonda's interest in its largest 300 mm manufacturing site (Inotera, Taiwan - a joint venture between Nanya Technology and Qimonda AG, with QAG owning 35.6% at the time of sale) to its rival Micron Technology for approximately $400m in cash. Additionally, CEO Kin Wah Loh announced the closure by January 2009 of the company's single remaining 200 mm site as well as the adjoining 300 mm facility located in Richmond, Virginia. Other restructuring included the complete closure of the Raleigh R&D facility and the termination of the back-end component and module manufacturing site in Dresden. Altogether, approximately 3000 employees would be made redundant by the changes (excluding the Micron buy-out of Inotera).
With a historical emphasis on PC and server products, the company then focused on products for graphics, mobile and consumer applications using its power-saving deep trench technology.
On October 28, 2008, Qimonda AG achieved the lowest share price of USD 0.19 on NYSE.
On November 24, 2008, Qimonda AG achieved the lowest share price of USD 0.05 on NYSE.
The company continued to lose money, and sought new investors to help keep the company afloat. The continuing fall in the spot price of commodity DRAM resulted in Qimonda’s 75 nm Deep Trench technology no longer being economically viable. The decision was taken in November 2008 to cease production of all commodity DRAM at their Dresden and Richmond 300 mm manufacturing sites. Until this point Richmond had predominantly produced graphics DRAM, whilst Dresden manufactured commodity DRAM. This left the Dresden site’s production capability severely under-utilised (although a significant proportion of the line utilization remained as technology development). All of the graphics manufacture was therefore transferred from Richmond to Dresden.
Qimonda’s financial situation worsened during December and the company focused its efforts on securing additional financial support. On December 21, 2008, Qimonda AG issued a press release stating that they had secured a financial package of €325 million for the ramp up of Buried Wordline technology. The package comprised a €150 million loan from the German state of Saxony, €100 million from an unspecified leading financial institution in Portugal, and €75 million from Infineon, Qimonda’s parent company. In addition, they were provided with the opportunity to draw on €280 million in the form of a state guarantee provided by the German federal government. In return, Qimonda agreed to commit to further development of their R&D and manufacturing sites in Porto, Portugal and Dresden, and to quickly ramp up their 46 nm BWT to improve economies of scale at Dresden.
Qimonda North America
As a separate legal entity, Qimonda North America (QNA) remained technically solvent. However, without financial support from the parent company or access to revenue from sales (which went to Qimonda AG) there were few options available to QNA.
On September 16, 2008, Qimonda North America announced that no funding would be issued for merit increases or promotions as part of the year-end appraisal process in order to reduce costs.
On October 13, 2008, Qimonda North America announced that it was closing its 200 mm wafer fabrication plant in Richmond, VA, resulting in the loss of 1200 jobs.
On October 27, 2008, Qimonda North America announced that the approved incentive payments due to be paid to employees that month had been postponed until January 16, 2009, for Richmond employees and February 13, 2009, for QNA-direct employees.
Qimonda North America announced mandatory unpaid leave in December, 2008 for all employees at its Richmond site amounting to a 10% salary reduction for exempt staff and approximately 15% reduction for non-exempt employees. The mandatory unpaid leave was expected to last until the beginning of April 2009.
On February 3, 2009, Qimonda North America announced the closure by April of its remaining 300 mm wafer fabrication plant in Richmond, VA. This is the first known closure of an operating 300 mm production fab.
Over the next two months, 1500 employees would be laid off without severance pay. Five hundred employees were made redundant within 24 hours of the announcement. A further 500 were to be made redundant over the coming month. The remainder were to be made redundant as the plant equipment is sold or mothballed by the beginning of April.
Bankruptcy and Litigation
Qimonda AG
Qimonda AG and Qimonda Dresden OHG filed for insolvency protection on January 23, 2009 (similar to Chapter 11 bankruptcy in U.S. courts), stating that the promised bailout package had not become available in time. They requested the insolvency protection be backdated to January 1, 2009. However, subsequent media reporting of the event suggests that the agreement to the package fell apart at the last minute, and so was not available. It is reported that shortly prior to filing, Qimonda had requested a further €300 million on top of the already-agreed €325 million. The backers then refused to meet the demands.
The company also published its yearly accounts, which had been delayed several times from its normal release date at the end of October 2008. This showed a drop in net sales to €1.79 billion, down from the previous year's filing of €3.61 billion.
The Munich court appointed Dr. Michael Jaffé as administrator. Dr. Jaffé is a lawyer who specialises in insolvency and restructuring. His most famous previous case was his handling of the collapse of the KirchMedia group. In a press release, CEO Kin Wah Loh stated, “German insolvency laws offers the opportunity to accelerate the restructuring process that has already been started in order to reposition the company back onto a solid base”. Under German law, the operating costs (including salaries) are underwritten by the government for three months. This means that Qimonda had until March 31, 2009 to secure a solution to its current insolvency issues.
In the days after the announcement, general DRAM spot market prices increased by a peak of 26% from their lowest recorded levels in January. However, within a month of the announcement they had returned to their previous level.
The Dresden site plodded ahead with 46 nm Buried Wordline development and produced the first working samples at the beginning of February 2009. It was hoped that the improved technological and cost advantages of the BWL technology would attract new investors or business partners before insolvency cover ends on March 31, 2009.
On March 13, 2009, according to EETimes, Qimonda in Dresden ceased all DRAM production for the time being. "We have not pulled the plug, we just went to standby-mode," a spokesperson explained. The company together with the administrator had been searching for fresh capital, but it was not possible to finalise a deal by the end of March, which was the end of the insolvency period. The 300 mm Dresden plant will be idled until such time as its future has been decided. Without either a partner to purchase Qimonda or an investor to recapitalise Qimonda, Qimonda's existence as an ongoing concern was dubious at best. Michael Jaffe, the insolvency administrator appointed by a German bankruptcy court, announced that Qimonda is closer to liquidation.
By then, Qimonda Richmond was down to a skeleton crew of approximately 60 people, including 10 staff managers. Prior to the layoffs, the level of staff managers was 10 as well.
On March 16, 2009, China's Inspur ended talks to buy Qimonda.
On April 14, 2009, Qimonda laid off 800 employees in Portugal.
Qimonda North America
On or about Feb 7, 2009, a laid-off Qimonda employee began legal proceedings against Qimonda North America (QNA) for recompense for two months' worth of pay and benefits in a federal class-action lawsuit. The suit alleges that employees were not given their 60-day written notice of termination or 60 days' severance pay required under the federal Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (dubbed WARN). Qimonda argued that the “faltering company” exemption under WARN applies, which allows the company to fail to give notice where such advance notice may inhibit the company’s ability to find capital or business with which to continue operating. Several class action lawsuits were filed.
On February 18, 2009 (two days before filing for bankruptcy), the Richmond Times-Dispatch posted an article stating that QNA CFO Miriam Martinez sent out notices to previously laid-off employees informing them that Qimonda North America and Qimonda Richmond were now not in a financial position to honor its severance agreements to those affected employees from the (previous) 200 mm line closure announced in October 2008.
Qimonda North America Corp. and Qimonda Richmond LLC filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on February 20, 2009 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Delaware.
In their filing, the company lists more than $1 billion in assets and liabilities each, and estimated between 10,000–25,000 creditors. The files’ listing of top 30 creditors shows a total of over $54.2 million owed to traders. QNA CFO Miriam Martinez issued a statement announcing that under the conditions of the bankruptcy filing, all those employees made redundant by the company on or before the date of bankruptcy could no longer be paid any credit due without court authority. This meant that QNA employees who had not already been paid severance would no longer receive any salary, unused vacation time or severance owed to them. This affected the majority of the workforce. Employees' due costs under VISA regulations would also receive no compensation.
Those employees remaining with the company from February 20 onwards would only receive pay and benefits from that day forward, up to a maximum of $10,950. Therefore, no payment would be made to those employees for the work performed between February 7 and February 20.
As a result of the bankruptcy filing, due to the unpaid wages, unpaid vacation balances, no severance, the unpaid severance of those who have severance agreements, and no 60 days' notice of a plant closure as required by the WARN Act, former workers at Qimonda LLC and Qimonda NA in Richmond, VA have decided to file a class action lawsuit against Qimonda to try and recover the unpaid wages, unpaid vacation balance, unpaid severance, and to get 60 days pay for a plant closure as required by the WARN act. The workers were paid before unsecured creditors (e.g., vendors), but after secured creditors. All for a small fraction of their previous entitlement. The Delaware Bankruptcy Court judge agreed to approve a $35.3 million WARN settlement in August 2011.
The Richmond site was only capable of manufacturing Qimonda's 75 nm Deep Trench technology chips with the manufacturing equipment available there. The concurrent DRAM pricing did not make this a viable manufacturing prospect given the financial situation due to the graphics chips, which were developed by the Richmond fab, being transferred to Dresden by Qimonda AG prior to shutting down Qimonda LLC. Because Dresden was the core DRAM development site, manufacturing equipment capable of producing their (at the time, developmental) 46 nm Buried Wordline chips, with its reduced manufacturing cost benefits, was already on site. A corporate decision was taken to consolidate losses by closing the Richmond site. The Richmond fab would not be capable of 46 nm BWL manufacture without substantial new equipment investment, requiring money that Qimonda did not have. Qimonda AG, however, moved the 75 nm video DRAM processes, which commanded a price premium over commodity PC DRAM products, from Richmond to Dresden in the months prior to shutting down Richmond. Transferring the graphics chips process away from Richmond made the situation at Qimonda LLC intractable.
On April 2, 2009, Qimonda put the Richmond, VA site for sale.
On June 22, 2009, Qimonda Richmond is filing a petition in bankruptcy court to allow 46 employees to receive a bonus payment totaling $1.24 million. However, as one may recall, Qimonda declared bankruptcy on Feb. 20, 2009 in Federal Court in Delaware. As a result, many employees did not receive their final paycheck, nor did many employees receive cash in lieu of their vacation balance.
On June 25, 2009, the bankruptcy court in Delaware allowed Qimonda Richmond to pay out a $1.24 million bonus to 46 employees as a part of a "shut down" bonus. No mention was made concerning those who hadn't received their vacation pay or a severance or in some cases, their final paycheck.
On July 1, 2009, former Qimonda employees gathered outside of Qimonda Richmond to protest the $1.24 million payout bonus to 46 employees. Virginia State Delegate Joe Morrissey of the 74th district was present at the protest.
In May 2010, the Qimonda signs were permanently removed from the Sandston, Virginia facility.
The Sandston facility was purchased by Quality Technology Services and converted into a massive datacenter.
Legacy
Qimonda's knowledge-base and collection of 20,000 patents remain very valuable. It was one of only three companies in the world to have mass produced GDDR3, GDDR5, and XDR memory. Winbond of Taiwan was able to achieve relatively good gross margins using trench technology licensed from Qimonda. Winbond is now successfully mass producing 65 nm buried wordline DRAM at this time and, among DRAM manufacturers, is currently the gross margin leader in Taiwan. This attests to the quality of Qimonda's intellectual property. Qimonda is also finished with litigation versus Rambus over intellectual property.
However, Winbond manufactures both trench capacitor and stacked capacitor technology. Additionally, Winbond manufactures Flash Memory, SRAM, as well as some legacy DRAM products (DDR, DDR2). Moreover, the trench process is being produced only down to 90 nm, whereas the stacked capacitor process is being produced at the 65 nm lithography. Therefore, the comparison between Winbond and other DRAM manufacturers is an apples and oranges comparison.
Qimonda's graphics DRAM was used both in the Nintendo Wii game console (Qimonda GDDR3 graphics DRAM) and in Microsoft's Xbox 360.
Since bankruptcy, Qimonda AG i.L. and its U.S. subsidiary Qimonda Licensing LLC are technology licensing companies that focus on marketing Qimonda's IP portfolio.
Micron Technology owns intellectual property from Qimonda.
Alliances
Qimonda's strategic alliance with Nanya Technology Corporation (e.g. the joint-venture Inotera) ended shortly before the buy-out by rival chip-maker Micron Technology when Nanya declined the offer of joint development of Qimonda's Buried Wordline technology. Inotera will continue to supply DRAM to Qimonda until approximately mid-2009. Qimonda has other strategic alliances with China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park Venture Co., Ltd., SMIC, Winbond Electronics Corporation, IBM, Altis, AMD (for ATI graphics products), Toppan Photomasks, Spansion, and Sandisk.
Production sites
Dresden, Germany
Vila do Conde, Portugal. This factory was for some years (up to 2007) the biggest Portuguese exporter.
Richmond, Virginia, United States. (Ceased operation and was closed on April 1, 2009.)
Senai, Johore, Malaysia.
Notes
Media
Video of the July 1, 2009 Qimonda Protest
Pirate Flag over Qimonda
Ex-Qimonda workers protest bonuses to current workers
DRAM prices spike after Qimonda bankruptcy
Qimonda to close Richmond plant, lay off 1,500
February 2, 2009 - Qimonda future uncertain despite talks-German state
External links
Qimonda website
Manufacturing companies based in Munich
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2009
Semiconductor companies of Germany
Computer memory companies
Computer companies established in 2006 | {'title': 'Qimonda', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qimonda', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
"Sleazy Bed Track" is a song by The Bluetones, released as the third single from their second album, 1998's Return to the Last Chance Saloon. It was also included on the band's 2006 compilation A Rough Outline: The Singles & B-Sides 95 - 03, and on the soundtrack to the 2010 Universal Pictures movie Scott Pilgrim vs. the World.
The single contains the b-side "Blue", a cover version of the 1980s Rain Parade song. Select magazine's review of "Sleazy Bed Track" in August 1998 marked its "astonishing resemblance" to "Fall at Your Feet" by Crowded House. Music Week wrote: "[T]his track is a live favourite and an album standout. It's a swoony ballad with a wonderful melancholic feel which reveals a more mainstream approach to their songwriting."
Track listing
CD
"Sleazy Bed Track"
"The Ballad of Muldoon"
"Blue"
Cassette / 7"
"Sleazy Bed Track"
"The Ballad of Muldoon"
References
The Bluetones songs
1998 singles
1998 songs
Song recordings produced by Hugh Jones (producer)
Songs written by Eds Chesters
Songs written by Adam Devlin
Songs written by Mark Morriss
Songs written by Scott Morriss | {'title': 'Sleazy Bed Track', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleazy%20Bed%20Track', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Agathodaemon (, Agathodaímōn; ) was an alchemist in late Roman Egypt, known only from fragments quoted in medieval alchemical treatises, chiefly the Anepigraphos, which refer to works of his believed to be from the 3rd century. He is primarily remembered for his various descriptions of elements and minerals, most particularly his descriptions of a method of producing silver, and of a substance he had created, which he called a 'fiery poison', and which, judging by his account, was arsenic trioxide, a highly toxic amphoteric oxide.
He described the 'fiery poison' as being formed when a certain mineral (most probably realgar or orpiment) was fused with natron (naturally occurring sodium carbonate), and that dissolved in water to give a clear solution. He also wrote of how, when he placed a fragment of copper into the solution, the copper turned a deep green hue, lending further validity to the suggestion that orpiment or realgar was used, as they are both arsenic ores, and this would be the hue achieved from the copper after it had been placed in the arsenic trioxide had the substance formed been copper arsenite.
Agathodaemon's discoveries exist as part of the foundations for later use of poison, as arsenic and related substances were used regularly in later centuries as means of poisoning and murder. Since the only records of his existence are references in later works, he may be apocryphal, but since the practice of alchemy itself began to decline around the time he is believed to have lived, and it may be that much of his writing was lost. This information that was gathered by the Nestorians eventually passed on to the Arabs, and this in part contributed to the flourishing of alchemy in that region and in their hands; the modern English word "alchemy" comes from the Arabic language, and many of the foundations for alchemy in Western nations were laid by the Arabs.
See also
Other Agathodaemons
Zosimos of Panopolis, a roughly contemporary Egyptian alchemist who mentioned creating a homunculus named "agathodaemon"
Set (deity), the Egyptian god later confounded with the Greek agathodaemon and probably also the alchemist, invoked in Islamic alchemy
Notes
Ancient alchemists
Egyptian alchemists
Egyptian chemists
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
4th-century Egyptian people | {'title': 'Agathodaemon (alchemist)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathodaemon%20%28alchemist%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Berkeley Branch Railroad was a long branch line of the Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) from a junction in what later became Emeryville called "Shellmound" to what soon became downtown Berkeley, adjacent to the new University of California campus. The line opened on August 16, 1876. The initial terminal point was at Shattuck and University Avenues in Berkeley (designated "Berkeley Terminus"). In 1878, the line was extended north along Shattuck to Vine ("Berryman's Station") with the original terminus then becoming Berkeley Station. The line connected at Shellmound with trains headed to the Oakland Pier and ferries to San Francisco. Beginning on January 22, 1882, Berkeley Branch trains proceeded directly to the pier.
The line was constructed in no small part because of heavy lobbying by prominent local citizens like Francis K. Shattuck and people connected with the University of California.
The Berkeley Branch Railroad was used under lease by the Central Pacific until 1885 when it was leased by the CPRR's affiliate, the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP). In 1888, the SP consolidated the Berkeley Branch Railroad into its subsidiary, the Northern Railway. Although the corporate Berkeley Branch ceased to exist at that time, its trackage continued to be called the "Berkeley branch line". In 1911, the line was electrified for commuter service, becoming a part of the SP's East Bay Electric Lines. When SP ceased running its electric commuter trains in July 1941, the trackage up to Ward Street and Shattuck Avenue remained in use for freight and was referred to as the "Berkeley Lead". Until the early 1960s, the SP Ward Street Freight Depot was the Berkeley terminal point. Beyond Ward, the tracks were turned over to the Key System for its F-line commuter trains which ran until April 1958. The Key System had previously used its own tracks, shared with streetcars (until 1948), along the east side of Shattuck. The Berkeley Branch tracks had always run along the west side of Shattuck south of University Avenue.
The Berkeley Branch route began at Shellmound where it was connected to the main line of the CPRR and its successor, the SP. A switching tower existed there, the Shellmound Tower. The tracks then curved onto Stanford Avenue, then Adeline, then Shattuck into downtown Berkeley.
Operations of locomotives on the Berkeley Branch prior to the re-engineering of tracks which accompanied electrification required running "tender-first" in one direction as the Berkeley Branch was a single-track line having no way to turn the engines at the end of the line.
Part of the line corresponds to Bay Area Rapid Transit's route through Berkeley, on Shattuck and Adeline streets but rebuilt as a subway.
References
Defunct California railroads
Railway companies established in 1876
Railway companies disestablished in 1888
Predecessors of the Southern Pacific Transportation Company
Transportation in Alameda County, California
Public transportation in Alameda County, California
History of the San Francisco Bay Area
History of Berkeley, California
Emeryville, California
1876 establishments in California
19th century in Berkeley, California
American companies established in 1876
1888 disestablishments in California
American companies disestablished in 1888 | {'title': 'Berkeley Branch Railroad', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley%20Branch%20Railroad', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Federal Street Theatre (1793–1852), also known as the Boston Theatre, was located at the corner of Federal and Franklin streets in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was "the first building erected purposely for theatrical entertainments in the town of Boston."
History
The original building was designed by Charles Bulfinch. It was "the first professionally designed American theater by a native architect." It occupied land formerly owned by Thomas Brattle, Edward H. Robbins and William Tudor. In 1798 fire destroyed the theatre; it was rebuilt the same year. The second building existed through 1852.
Management included Charles S. Powell (1794–1795); John Steel Tyler (1795–1796); John Hodgkinson (1795–1796); John Brown Williamson (1796–1797); John Sollee (1797); Giles Leonard Barrett (ca.1798); Joseph Harper (ca.1798).
Musicians affiliated with the theatre included Trille La Barre; Peter Von Hagen Sr.; R. Leaumont; and Gottlieb Graupner. Scene painters included Christian Gullager (1793–1797).
The British actress Charlotte Wattell appeared here in about 1811.
Events
1794
Feb. 3 – "Tragedy of Gustavus Vasa"
Feb. – "The Child of Nature" and "The Agreeable Surprise"
April – "The Chapter of Accidents;" and "Midas," a burletta
1795 – Judith Sargent Murray's "The Medium, or Happy Tea-Party," debuts 2 March 1795. Judith Sargent Murray wrote the first two plays by an American, male or female, to be performed in Boston.
1796
March 9 – Judith Sargent Murray's "The Traveller Returned," debuts.
John O'Keefe's "Farmer," with Susanna Rowson
1802
A young Hawaiian called "Bill" performed in the pantomime "The Death of Captain Cook."
March 22-29 – Deborah Sampson Gannett spoke about her time in the Continental Army and exhibited the manual exercise with her rifle that she learned during her service. Each night, before her speech and exhibition, the theatre company performed a play. They were The Will, or a School for Daughters, King Henry the IVth with the Humors of Sir John Falstaff, The Way to Get Married, and The Grand Historical Drama of Columbus; or, American Discovered.
1832 – Shakespeare's Richard III, with Charles Kean.
1834 – Jonathan Harrington (ventriloquist)
1845 – Alonzo Potter gave his first series of twelve Lowell Lectures. The Theater was "filled to overflowing." His topic was on the "Psychological argument to illustrate the being and character of God."
1846 – James Sheridan Knowles' "Hunchback," with Charles Kean and Ellen Kean.
1847 – Alonzo Potter gave his second series of twelve "Lowell Lectures on the "philosophy of man," again to a full house.
1848 – Alonzo Potter gave his third series of twelve "Lowell Lectures to a packed auditorium.
1849 – Alonzo Potter gave his fourth series of twelve "Lowell Lectures to an "admiring throng."
1851
Macallister. "Soirees magiques.... Several new and attractive experiments including for the first time, the aerial handkerchiefs, and the flying watches"
Lucrezia Borgia
1853 – Alonzo Potter gave his fifth (and final) series of twelve "Lowell Lectures on "The Bible as the refining, elevating and improving instrument of humanity."
Image gallery
References
Further reading
John Alden. "A Season in Federal Street: J. B. Williamson and the Boston Theatre, 1796–1797." Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 65 (1): 9–74. 1955.
Martin Banham (1998). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. New York: Cambridge University Press. Cf. especially p. 361, article on the "Federal Street Theatre".
Frank Chouteau Brown. "The First Boston Theatre, on Federal Street: Built 1793, finally discontinued 1852. Charles Bulfinch, Architect," Old-Time New England, v.36 (1945), 1–7.
Brooks McNamara. The American Playhouse in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), pp. 121–27.
Douglass Shand-Tucci (1999). Built in Boston: City and Suburb, 1800–2000. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. Cf. p. 209
Caleb Snow. History of Boston, 2nd ed. 1828.
Richard Stoddard. A Reconstruction of Charles Bulfinch's First Federal Street Theatre, Boston. Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 6 (1970), pp. 185–208.
Richard Stoddard. "Aqueduct and Iron Curtain at the Federal Street Theatre, Boston," Theatre Survey, VIII (1967), 106–11.
External links
Boston Public Library. Federal Street Theatre Collection
Harvard Theatre Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library. Early American playbills: Guide; includes playbills from the Federal St. Theatre
Theatres completed in 1793
Former buildings and structures in Boston
1793 establishments in Massachusetts
1852 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Cultural history of Boston
18th century in Boston
19th century in Boston
Former theatres in Boston
Financial District, Boston
Event venues established in 1793
Charles Bulfinch buildings | {'title': 'Federal Street Theatre', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Street%20Theatre', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Harald Stormoen (8 September 1872 – 14 November 1937) was a Norwegian actor.
Personal life
Stormoen was born in Nord-Odal as a son of farmer Marius Stormoen. He was a half-brother of Hans Stormoen, an uncle of Kjell Stormoen and a granduncle of Even Stormoen. By education, Stormoen had the examen artium from 1890 as well as one year at the Norwegian Military Academy. From October 1900 to 1909 he was married to Inga Bjørnson (1871–1952); they had the child Guri Stormoen who became an actress. In July 1909 Harald Stormoen married Alfhild Larsen (1883–1974).
Acting career
After some years in the United States, where he made his acting debut, Stormoen returned to Norway in 1895 and worked at various theatres. His breakthrough was playing the character "Seladon Andrisen" in Hans Aanrud's comedy Storken at Harald Otto's Norske Teaterselskab, and he also played this character later at other theatres. In 1899 he was hired at the newly opened National Theatre. He worked here from 1899 to 1918, 1921 to 1928 and 1935 to 1937. At the National Theatre Stormoen played both comic and tragic characters, often portraying elder men. Among his roles was "the captain" in Strindberg's drama The Dance of Death. From 1928 to 1935 he worked at Det Nye Teater. He also starred in movies between 1925 and 1932.
Organisation work
Stormoen chaired the Norwegian Actors' Equity Association from 1913 to 1915, from 1921 to 1924 and again from 1925 to 1928. During his first period the association successfully started giving matinées to increase its income. In his second period the association celebrated its 25th anniversary. During his third period there was a tough struggle with Trondjems Teater, which experienced a difficult economic period and treated its staff badly. He was nominated Honorary Member of the association at his 60th anniversary in 1932.
Harald Stormoen was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1932. He died in November 1937 in Oslo.
References
1872 births
1937 deaths
People from Nord-Odal
Norwegian Military Academy alumni
Norwegian male stage actors
Norwegian male film actors
Norwegian male silent film actors
20th-century Norwegian male actors
Norwegian Army personnel
Norwegian expatriates in the United States | {'title': 'Harald Stormoen', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald%20Stormoen', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Elias Paul "Allie" Wrubel (January 15, 1905 – December 13, 1973) was an American composer and songwriter.
Biography
Wrubel was born to a Jewish family in Middletown, Connecticut, United States, the son of Regina (née Glasscheib) and Isaac Wrubel. His family founded the Wrubels department store in Middletown, Connecticut. He attended Wesleyan University and Columbia University before working in dance bands. "After earning his bachelor’s degree in 1926, Allie enrolled in graduate music studies at Columbia University. He roomed with his close friend, film actor James Cagney [a former Columbia undergrad], and began playing with bands in Greenwich Village and making the rounds on Tin Pan Alley." He played saxophone and clarinet for a variety of famous swing bands. In 1934 he moved to Hollywood to work for Warner Bros. as a contract songwriter. He contributed material to a large number of movies, including those of the famous Busby Berkeley before moving to Disney in 1947.
Wrubel collaborated with lyricist Ray Gilbert on the song "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah", from the film Song of the South, which won the Oscar for Best Song in 1947.
Wrubel also contributed to the films Make Mine Music, Duel in the Sun, I Walk Alone, Melody Time, Tulsa, Never Steal Anything Small and Midnight Lace. The lyricists with whom he collaborated included Abner Silver, Herb Magidson, Charles Newman, Mort Dixon and Ned Washington. When he died, from a heart attack aged 68, in Twentynine Palms, California, he left a lengthy catalogue of songs.
Allie Wrubel was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970. His best-known songs include:
"Breakin' My Back Putting Up A Front For You"
"Cleanin' My Rifle (Dreamin' Of You)"
"Gone with the Wind"
"Farewell to Arms"
"Flirtation Walk"
"I Met Her on Monday"
"I'll Buy That Dream"
"Mine Alone"
"Music Maestro Please"
"The Lady from 29 Palms"
"The Lady in Red"
"The Masquerade Is Over"
"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
References
External links
1905 births
1973 deaths
People from Middletown, Connecticut
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Songwriters from Connecticut
American male composers
Wesleyan University alumni
Columbia University School of the Arts alumni
Jewish American songwriters
Songwriters from New York (state)
People from Twentynine Palms, California
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American Jews
American male songwriters | {'title': 'Allie Wrubel', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allie%20Wrubel', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Triumph Bonneville 790 cc is a British motorcycle that was designed and built in Hinckley, Leicestershire by Triumph Motorcycles Ltd between 2001 and 2007, when the engine size was increased to 865 cc.
Development
Triumph launched the first new Bonneville for 15 years at the Munich Motorcycle Show in September 2000, with a 790 cc, 360-degree crank, parallel-twin engine. Triumph's development team had originally designed a prototype they called the 9O8MD project in April 1997, an 'entry-level' medium displacement motorcycle for the export market.
Market research indicated that Triumph's heritage was an important factor for overseas buyers, so Export Manager Ross Clifford decided to develop a parallel engine layout that could combine the latest technology with classic engine architecture. By the Summer of 1997 the concept had been agreed and the chassis and engine design teams began development work. The styling of the new bike had to link the heritage look to a modern handling frame. The team began with a fully restored 1969 Bonneville T120 and worked on the design throughout 1998. By August 1998, the first styling review of a full size three-dimensional model was completed by sales and marketing as well as engineering departments.
The first 'Bonneville' engine was tested on 15 December 1998. The prototype engines were run for extended periods of time before committing to tooling production. By the end of 1998, the chassis team had completed their work on the styling prototype. In March 1999, the new engine was run in the prototype chassis for the first time and full scale road testing began, with the first six development bikes built in July 1999. Four were mainly used for engine testing and the remaining two for chassis development work. By September 1999, the final review of the production Bonneville's styling and specification was completed by Triumph's sales and marketing teams and final testing was completed in July 2000, well in time for the dealership launch.
Engine design
'Traditional' engine capacities of 750 cc and even the original 650 cc were considered before 790 cc was chosen. The 86 mm bore size worked well with the four-valves per cylinder layout, while the 68 mm stroke allowed a long conrod that helps to minimise secondary vibration, although Triumph engineers also altered the bar weights to restore a little 'character' vibration. Designer David Stride was able to add details that retained the look of the original, such as a finned cylinder and dummy pushrod tube (which functions as a cylinder head oil breather) and internal oil lines to create a clean appearance.
As well as the desired low and midrange performance, the engine is capable of and produces a respectable peak power output of @ 7400 rpm, with maximum torque of @ 3500 rpm, with 90% of the engine's torque output available from 2750 rpm all the way to the rev limit.
The engine was air-cooled like the original, but had twin overhead camshafts instead of the old model's pushrod valve operation. A frame mounted oil cooler ensured consistent running temperatures and camshaft drive is by chain between the cylinders and incorporates an idler gear that allowed the cylinder head to be kept very compact.
Gearbox and cycle parts
The gearbox was the well-proven Triumph 955i unit as a five-speed to a cable-operated wet clutch and reversed, with the final drive chain on the right instead of the left. This allows the traditional Triumph twin layout of small triangular engine cover on the right and larger clutch case on the left. Instead of fuel injection the team opted for a pair of 36 mm Keihin carburettors with electric heaters to help cold starting and a throttle-position sensor linked to digital ignition to optimise throttle response.
The 'peashooter' twin exhausts were designed longer than usual to meet the silencing requirements, and a kink was added to improve ground clearance. The engine is solidly mounted in the frame at five points with counter-balancers removing the need for rubber mounts. Suspension was provided by twin Kayaba rear shocks and non-adjustable 41 mm Kayaba telescopic forks, set at a 29-degree head angle, with 117 mm of trail. A 19-inch front wheel was offset by a 17-inch rear and the relatively long wheelbase and low seat height give the new Bonneville the 'lean' look of the original.
Upgrades
For 2004 the engine was updated with a black finish, and in 2007 production of the 790 cc Bonneville ended when the engine size was increased to 865 cc.
See also
List of Triumph motorcycles
Triumph Bonneville
Triumph Bonneville T100
References
Bonneville 790
Motorcycles introduced in 2000
Motorcycles powered by straight-twin engines | {'title': 'Triumph Bonneville 790', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph%20Bonneville%20790', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Tynwald (), or more formally, the High Court of Tynwald () or Tynwald Court, is the legislature of the Isle of Man. It consists of two chambers, known as the branches of Tynwald: the directly elected House of Keys and the indirectly chosen Legislative Council. When the two chambers sit together, they become "Tynwald Court".
The chambers sit jointly, on Tynwald Day at St John's for largely ceremonial purposes, and usually once a month in the Legislative Buildings in Douglas. Otherwise, the two chambers sit separately, with the House of Keys originating most legislation, and the Legislative Council acting as a revising chamber.
Etymology
The name Tynwald, like the Icelandic and Norwegian Tingvoll, is derived from the Old Norse word meaning the meeting place of the assembly, the field (vǫllr→wald, cf. the Old English cognate weald) of the thing.
Tynwald Day
Tynwald meets annually on Tynwald Day (usually on 5 July) at an open-air ceremony at Tynwald Hill at St John's. The Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man presides, unless the monarch as Lord of Mann, or a member of the Royal Family representing them, is present. Here, all laws are promulgated and petitions are received.
Promulgation
If an Act of Tynwald is not promulgated at St John's within 18 months of passage, it becomes null and void.
Joint sittings
When Tynwald sits in Douglas (historically once a month from October to July), the President of Tynwald, who is chosen by the other members, presides. In the joint session:
Members of each house formally sign bills
Notice of royal assent from the King is received
Questions may be put to ministers
Special resolutions authorising taxes are made
Delegated legislation made by government departments may be approved or annulled
Petitions may be presented
Other important public business is conducted
Voting
When Tynwald votes at a joint sitting, each branch normally votes separately. If a majority of each branch approves, the motion is carried. If the Council vote ties, then the President of Tynwald casts the deciding vote in line with the majority vote of the Keys. However, if the Keys approves a motion but the Council disapproves, then the question can be put again at a different sitting. In this case, the vote is determined by a majority of all the members of Tynwald. If this occurs, the Keys, with its larger size, is likely to prevail.
However, in some cases Tynwald votes as one body even when there is no disagreement between the branches: e.g. when electing the Chief Minister or on a vote of no confidence in the Council of Ministers.
Passage of legislation
Normally, both branches of Tynwald must pass a bill before it goes to the sovereign or his representative the Lieutenant Governor, representing the King-in-Council, for royal assent. But if the Council rejects a bill or amends it against the Keys' wishes, the Keys has the power to repass the same bill; in this case the Council's approval is not required, and the bill is presented to the Lieutenant Governor for royal assent.
On some matters, the Royal Assent to Legislation (Isle of Man) Order 1981 requires the Lieutenant Governor to consult with and follow the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice of the United Kingdom.
History of Tynwald
Tynwald claims to be over 1,000 years old, and thus the "oldest continuous parliament" in the world. In 1979, the Manx people celebrated the millennium of their parliament. The year was picked arbitrarily by officials; there is no evidence indicating that such an assembly was held in 979, or that any such event resembled the modern-day court. In fact, the first record of the place-name occurs in the 13th–14th century Chronicle of Mann, and the first description of the role and composition of an assembly held on site occurs in the early 15th century.
Medieval period
Tynwald originally comprised only the 24 Members of the House of Keys, commonly referred to as "the Keys". There were four members for each of the six sheadings of the island. The earliest surviving record of the Keys dates from 1417. The Keys were not originally an elected body, and membership was for life. When a vacancy arose the remaining members selected the replacement member. In general, membership of the Keys passed down through the leading families on the island.
In the 16th century the Keys met irregularly. They were akin to a jury which was summoned from time to time by the Lord of Mann or by the deemsters when they required advice as to the law. In 1600 the Keys became a permanent body.
Until 1577, the Keys merely declared and interpreted the ancient common law when queries arose. This developed into the power to create new laws, a function that Tynwald adopted around 1610.
17th and 18th centuries
In October 1651, during the English Civil War, the island fell to the Parliamentary forces, who took over the administration of the government. During this period, Tynwald met only sporadically.
Following the restoration of the monarchy, control of the island was returned to the Lords of Mann. The Keys saw a reduction in their power at this point, as Tynwald was reconstituted as "the Lord [of Mann], the Governor, the principal officers and the deemsters (who constitute the Lord's Council), and the Commons represented by their Keys."
Administration of the government was vested in a Governor, and the Lords of Mann became absentee landlords. The Keys were unhappy with the changes, and agreed to very few new laws.
In 1737, Tynwald obtained further powers in addition to its monopoly on law-making: the agreement of Tynwald would be required for all taxation, in imitation of the constitutional practice of Great Britain. This was a short-lived arrangement, as in 1765 the Lord of Mann sold his rights over the island to the British Crown.
Post-revestment
Following the revestment of the Lordship of Mann into the British Crown in 1765, the British government assumed all powers to impose and collect taxes. Tynwald was left with no money to spend, and little power, although it was still able to bring about social change by the repeal in 1771 of restrictive labour legislation.
As a result, the Keys asked the British government to dissolve Tynwald and to assent to legislation for a new elected parliament, which they hoped would have a stronger voice to challenge the new government of the island, based in distant Whitehall. To this end, the Keys organised a petition of 800 signatures, which was presented to the British government.
A Royal Commission was appointed in 1791, but it was not until 1866 that Tynwald finally passed legislation that would see some of its members elected for the first time. However, before 1866 Tynwald's primary function had been that of the island's court of appeal. The House of Keys Election Act 1866 transferred this judicial power to a separate court.
Royal Commission on the Isle of Man
In 1791 a Royal Commission on the Isle of Man was formed to examine the governance and finances of the island.<ref>'The Land of Home Rule. Spencer Walpole, 1893</ref>
The Commissioners reported back to Whitehall in 1792, stating that "The laws and ordinances that were enacted during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries appear by the Manks Statute Book to have been prescribed by such different powers, or combination of powers, that as precedents of the exercise of legislative authority they can have but little weight." The Commission noted that only subsequent to this period was the practice of the Council and 24 Keys meeting together to enact legislation established as "the more regular mode of legislating".
The Royal Commission also noted that the earliest insular Manx laws on record dated from 1417 (the first Act on record being a restriction of the powers of the church to offer sanctuary). This was after the arrival of the Stanley family as Lords of Mann. It also noted that the comprehensive Manx Statute Book dated from the year 1422 onwards. These were not necessarily the earliest laws passed, but any prior to this date were not recorded as Acts of Tynwald. Comparison can be made with other parliaments in the British Isles of a similar period: the oldest recorded in England was from 1229, in Scotland 1424, and in Ireland 1216 – although again there were prior laws that are now merely part of the unwritten common law of each country.
The opening statement of the Statute Book was "Divers Ordinances, Statutes, and Customs, presented, reputed, and used for Laws in the Land of Mann, that were ratified, approved, and confirmed, as well by the Honourable Sir John Stanley, Knight, King and Lord of the same Land, and divers others his Predecessors, as by all Barons, Deemsters, Officers, Tenants, Inhabitants, and Commons of the same Land where the Lord's Right is declared in the following Words". Furthermore, the Commissioners' report noted that prior to the revestment, no "minutes or journals" of the proceedings of the Council or the House of Keys had been kept.
Proposed changes
In 2007, the island's system of government was reviewed with plans to transform the Legislative Council into a directly elected chamber, echoing the push for reform in the UK's House of Lords. As of February 2021, no such legislation has passed through the House of Keys or House of Commons.
Millennium Way
The Millennium Way long distance footpath was opened in 1979 to commemorate the millennium year of Tynwald.
See also
Act of Tynwald
List of Acts of Tynwald
References
Sources
Broderick, George (2003): "Tynwald - a Manx cult-site and institution of pre-Scandinavian origin?" Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies'', no. 46 (Winter 2003): pp. 55–94.
External links
Thing (assembly)
979 establishments
Man, Isle of
Isle of Man | {'title': 'Tynwald', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynwald', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Haigerloch is a town in the north-western part of the Swabian Alb in Germany.
Geography
Geographical location
Haigerloch lies at between 430 and 550 metres elevation in the valley of the Eyach river, which forms two loops in a steep shelly limestone valley. The town is therefore also called the 'Felsenstädtchen' (rocky/cliffy small town).
Neighbouring municipalities
Haigerloch's neighbouring municipalities are specified below in clockwise order from the north, and belong to the Zollernalbkreis unless indicated.
Starzach ¹, Rangendingen, Grosselfingen, Balingen, Geislingen, Rosenfeld, Sulz am Neckar ², Empfingen ³ and Horb am Neckar ³.
¹ Landkreis Tübingen, ² Landkreis Rottweil, ³ Landkreis Freudenstadt
Districts
Haigerloch consists of the following nine districts:
Bad Imnau
Bittelbronn
Gruol
Hart
Haigerloch
Owingen
Stetten
Trillfingen
Weildorf
It is located 397 m above sea level. NN and has 572 inhabitants (31 December 2011). Bad Imnau was incorporated on 1 August 1973 town Haigerloch.
History
The city came in 1381 with the reign Haigerloch to the Habsburgs, the fief passed it in the 15th century to the lords of Weitingen. In 1516 Imnau was sold to the Count of Zollern.
Imnau had inhabitants:
1824 440,
1836 591
1890 507
Mineral resources
In 1700, the physician Samuel Caspar discovered small pots source in the valley of the Eyach. 1733 Prince source was exposed, which is named after Prince Joseph Friedrich von Hohenzollern.
In 1905, the Apollo-source was taken in by the family Imnau Pope, which was sold to Commerce Carl Haegele in the following year.
History
The first documented mention of Haigerloch was in the year 1095 on the occasion of the gift of the local castle. This castle was probably located in the area around the Upper Town. By 1200 the Counts of Hohenberg appear as the local lords and build a new castle on the Schlossberg. The lower town evolved into a market town. Rudolf I, a brother-in-law of Albert II Von Hohenberg-Haigerloch, awarded the town charter to Haigerloch before 1231. In 1268 a battle was fought just outside the city between Zollern and Hohenberg. In 1291 the city was besieged by Count Eberhard I of Württemberg; in 1347 the town was besieged again. From 1356 onward the upper town and lower town were administratively separated, but were reunited when the lordship of Haigerloch was sold to Austria in 1381. The Habsburgs pawned the property on several occasions, including to the Counts of Württemberg.
In 1487 rule of the city fell to the Hohenzollern. In 1567 under Christoph von Hohenzollern-Haigerloch the area around Haigerloch was an independent territory within the area of the Holy Roman Empire as Hohenzollern-Haigerloch. In this period, the present castle complex was built on the Schlossberg as the residence of the counts of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch, replacing the former high-medieval structure. In 1634 rule of the city descended to the line of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, whose residence city was the city of Haigerloch between 1737 and 1769.
In the last months of World War II, Haigerloch was the location of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics, part of the German nuclear programme, which had the goal of achieving practical use of nuclear fission. According to current view the atomic bomb was not a direct objective of this work, but initially only the construction of the Haigerloch Research Reactor (Forschungsreaktor Haigerloch), which was constructed in a beer cellar beneath the palace church. Through courageous negotiations by the pastor to rescue the reactor facility it was spared from demolition by an American command on April 24, 1945, and today is the site of the with a replica of the reactor.
Politics
Local council
In the local council election of 13 June 2004, the result was:
CDU - 15 seats
FWV - 9 seats
Social Ecologist List - 4 seats
Culture and objects of interest
Haigerloch lies on the Ferienstraße (holiday road) and on the Hohenzollernstraße.
Museums
(atomic cellar museum), former research reactor during World War II
, former synagogue
Notable buildings
Atomic cellar in the rock under the castle church
Roman tower (Römerturm)
Lower part of town church
Former synagogue
Partnerships between cities
Noyal-sur-Vilaine, France
Sokobanja, Serbia
Economics and infrastructure
Roads
The L410 connects the city with Rangendingen to the east. The L360 forms the feeder, along with the federal highway B463, to the A81 motorway.
Local industry
One of the few rock salt mines still active in Germany is in the Stetten quarter. Salt has been extracted here since 1854.
Notable people
Salomon Schweigger (1551–1622), evangelic parson and traveller to the Orient
Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1552–1592), first Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
Johann Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1586–1620), second Earl of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
Charles, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1588–1634), third Earl of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
Franz Christoph Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1699–1767), Canon, First Minister of the Electorate of Cologne
(1718–1782), architect of the late Baroque
(1807–1876), conductor, choirmaster and composer
Father Desiderius Lenz, born Peter Lenz (1832–1928), painter and founder of the Beuron School of Art
(1877–1944), born in Weildorf, politician (center), member of the Reichstag
(1886–1931), writer
Karl Hurm (1930–2019), painter
References
This is a translation of the German wiki page :de:Haigerloch
External links
Nuclear program of Nazi Germany | {'title': 'Haigerloch', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haigerloch', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Trio for Violin, Cello, and Piano is a work by the American composer Charles Ives. According to his wife, the three movements of the piano trio are a reflection of Ives’ college days at Yale. He started writing the piece in 1904, six years after graduation, and completed it in 1911. It was written 1909–10 and significantly revised in 1914–15.
Movements
The piano trio consists of three movements.
The first movement is the same 27 measures repeated three times, though the violin is silent for the first, the cello for the second, and all three instruments join for the third.
The second movement, TSIAJ, employs polytonality, timbral contrast, and quotation for a downright humorous effect. Fragments of American folk songs are intertwined throughout the movement, although often grotesquely altered with respect to rhythm, pitch, and harmonic connotation. Folk songs appearing in the scherzo include "My Old Kentucky Home", "Sailor's Hornpipe", "The Campbells Are Coming", "Long, Long Ago", "Hold the Fort". and "There Is a Fountain Filled with Blood", among many others. Drawing from his college days at Yale University, Ives also quotes a number of fraternity songs including the Delta Kappa Epsilon tune "A Band of Brothers in DKE", which appears prominently near the beginning of the movement. It is notable that one of his sketches for the movement includes the subtitle "Medley on the Campus Fence", referring to the songs popular among Yale students during his college years. And although the composer himself acknowledged that the entire movement was a joke, it well characterizes the unique and novel musical world that only Ives had discovered.
The lyricism of the final movement of the piano trio contrasts strongly with the variegated montage of tunes in TSIAJ. Sweeping lyrical melodies alternate with lighter syncopated sections after the opening introduction and violin recitative. Nonetheless, Ives continues with his borrowing habits – quoting music that he had originally written for the Yale Glee Club (though it was rejected) in the lyrical violin-cello canon in bars 91–125. The coda quotes Thomas Hastings’ “Rock of Ages” in the cello, ending the movement with Ives’ characteristic rooting in American folk and popular music.
References
External links
Critical Commentary on Charles Ives' Piano Trio, ed. John Kirkpatrick
Performance of the Piano Trio by Timothy Fain (violin), Marcy Rosen (cello), and Jeremy Denk (piano), from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format
Compositions by Charles Ives
Ives | {'title': 'Piano Trio (Ives)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano%20Trio%20%28Ives%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Reverend Bruce W. Johnson Jr. (1938 – September 29, 1969) was a Methodist minister in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. He was pastor of Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church (renamed "People's Church") and worked closely with the Young Lords, a Puerto Rican civil rights organization and former street gang. Johnson and his wife Marjorie Eugenia Johnson (née Ransier) were found stabbed to death in their home on September 29, 1969.
Early life
Bruce Johnson was born in Aurora, Illinois in 1938. He met his wife Eugenia while they both attended Garrett–Evangelical Theological Seminary in Evanston, Illinois. The couple married in 1962 and had three sons, Brian, Kevin, and Perry. Johnson was ordained as a Methodist minister in 1964.
Involvement with the Young Lords
Johnson offered aid and solidarity to the Young Lords during their occupation of the McCormick Theological Seminary in May 1969. Soon after, the Young Lords approached officials at Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church, where Johnson was pastor, about setting up a day care center at the church. Johnson was receptive to the idea, but the congregation was not. After a four-day sit-in that began on June 11, 1969, the Young Lords occupied the church. Lincoln Park residents asked the city to inspect the church to determine if the site was in compliance with state regulations in hopes of quashing the day care project. The inspection found eleven violations that cost an estimated ten thousand dollars to correct. The Young Lords raised the funds, and two months later a day care center was opened in the basement of the church. A medical facility and breakfast program for poor children were added later. Johnson supported the takeover of the church, which the Young Lords eventually renamed the "People's Church".
Death
Johnson and his wife were found stabbed to death in their apartment on September 29, 1969. Their murders remain unsolved.
Legacy
Bruce Johnson and Eugenia Johnson continue to be recognized for their support of the Young Lords. On September 29, 2019, a service was held at Holy Covenant United Methodist Church to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the couple's deaths. Speakers at the service included Young Lords founder José Cha Cha Jiménez, DePaul University professor Jacqueline Lazu, and leaders from the Presbyterian McCormick Theological Seminary (occupied by the Young Lords in 1969). Following the memorial, attendees marched through the Lincoln Park neighborhood to the former site of People’s Church.
See also
Young Lords
José Cha Cha Jiménez
Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton)
References
External links
Young Lords Newspaper Collection at DePaul University Library - Digital Collections
Young Lords in Lincoln Park - Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives
Rainbow Coalition - Grand Valley State University Digital Collection
National Young Lords
1938 births
1969 deaths
1969 murders in the United States
20th-century American clergy
20th-century Christians
20th-century Methodist ministers
American anti-racism activists
American United Methodist clergy
DePaul University Special Collections and Archives holdings
Unsolved murders in the United States | {'title': 'Bruce Johnson (minister)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Johnson%20%28minister%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Musée de l'Orangerie () is an art gallery of impressionist and post-impressionist paintings located in the west corner of the Tuileries Garden next to the Place de la Concorde in Paris. The museum is most famous as the permanent home of eight large Water Lilies murals by Claude Monet, and also contains works by Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri Rousseau, Alfred Sisley, Chaïm Soutine, Maurice Utrillo, and others.
Location
The gallery is on the bank of the Seine in the old orangery of the Tuileries Palace on the Place de la Concorde near the Concorde metro station and not far from the Louvre and the Musee d'Orsay.
History
Napoleon III had the Orangerie built in 1852, to store the citrus trees of the Tuileries garden from the cold in the winter. The building was built by architect Firmin Bourgeois (1786-1853). Bourgeois built the Orangerie out of glass on the (south) Seine side to allow light to the trees but the opposite (north) side is almost completely windowless to protect the citrus trees from the cold winds. Before the Orangerie was built, the trees were stored in the Grande Galerie of the Louvre. The main entrances on the east and west side of the building were decorated by architect Louis Visconti (1791-1853) who is also known for his renovations on the Louvre. The columns located at the doors are topped by triangular pediments that were sculpted by Charles Gallois-Poignant. The tops of the columns represent cornucopias, plants and ears of corn that relate to the building's agricultural function. After the Fall of the Empire in 1870 and the fire at the Tuileries Palace in 1871, the Orangerie became a property of the State, which continued to use the Orangerie in its original function as well as for public events such as music concerts, art expositions, contests and dog shows until 1922.
Monet's Water Lilies
After World War I, changes came to the Orangerie. In 1921, the State gave the building to the Under-Secretariat of State for Fine Arts along with another building, the Jeu de Paume. The goal for these two buildings was to provide a space for living artists to display their works. At the time, Claude Monet (1840-1926) was painting a series of Water Lillies (Nymphéas) paintings for the State that were destined for another museum, the Rodin. The President of the Council, Georges Clemenceau (1841-1929), wanted the paintings placed in the Orangerie instead.
The Water Lillies donation to the Orangerie was finalized in 1922. Monet helped architect Camille Lefèvre with the architectural design in which eight panels, each two metres high and spanning 91 metres in length, are arranged in two oval rooms which form the infinity symbol. Monet also required skylights for observing the paintings in natural light. Due to the east to west orientation of the building the rooms are in the path of the Sun, which stretches along the same axis as the Arc de Triomphe to the Louvre. Originally, the museum was inaugurated on 17 May 1927 as the Musée Claude Monet, a few months after the artist’s death. It was then annexed into the Musée du Luxembourg and formally renamed the Musée National de l’Orangerie des Tuileries.
Exhibits between 1930-1950
The Orangerie was joined with the Louvre in 1930. The western half of the Orangerie was dedicated to temporary exhibitions for the Louvre and other national museums in France. Each year, the Orangerie hosted a variety of exhibitions. From 1930-1933, the Orangerie hosted an exhibition on impressionism. In 1934, the exhibition Peintres de la realité (Painters of Reality) was dedicated to the 17th century and became famous. In 1936, the exhibition Rubens et son temps (Rubens and his Age) attracted a million visitors to the museum. There was an entire exhibition dedicated to Degas in 1937, titled in his name. In 1942, there was an exhibition dedicated entirely to Arno Breker, who was an official artist of the Third Reich and who studied in France. In 1946, after the end of WWII, many masterpieces from private collections were recovered in Germany by the French Commission for Art Recovery and the Monuments Men and they were displayed in the Orangerie. The Orangerie and the Jeu de Paume were allied with the Paintings Department of the Louvre. The Réunion des Musées Nationaux organized successful exhibitions at the Orangerie between 1946-1960. The building of the Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais in 1964 was due to the success of the exhibitions of the Orangerie.
The Jean Walter and Paul Guillaume Collection
The Jean Walter and Paul Guillaume collections were acquired in 1959 and 1963 respectively. Domenica Walter (1898-1977) was the widow of both Paul Guillaume (1891-1934) and Jean Walter (1883-1957). Paul Guillaume was an art dealer and his desire was to create a museum of French modern art that would be open to the public. When the State offered to show this collection at the Orangerie after his death, Domenica agreed. Olivier Lahalled (1960-1965) executed the renovation project to accommodate the new acquisition. The existing exhibition galleries were knocked down and two levels were added to the building. A staircase with a banister was designed by Raymond Subes (1893-1970) which replaced the entrance to the Water Lillies paintings and led to rooms that displayed the new collection. In 1966, the collection was publicly presented and inaugurated by the Minister of Culture, André Malraux, however, Domenica officially owned the paintings until her death in 1977. There was a third renovation project conducted between 1978-1984 to consolidate the buildings, refurbish the rooms and permanently house the collection which was given to the Orangerie after Domenica’s death. The Orangerie then became separate from the administration of the Louvre and the Jeu de Paume, whose impressionist paintings would be destined for the future Musée d’Orsay.
Renovations between 2000-2006
The most recent renovation was made by Olivier Brochet between 2000-2006. The rooms that were previously constructed on two levels were knocked down and natural light was restored to the Water Lillies. In order to display the Jean Walter and Paul Guillaume collection, rooms were dug out of the basement level. Temporary exhibition spaces, an auditorium, an education space and a library were also created. The renovations were delayed and changed after the discovery of remains of the Louis XIII wall which was constructed in 1566 to protect the Tuileries Palace. The museum was reopened on 17 May 2006.
In 2010 the Orangerie and the Musée d’Orsay were linked administratively under the Établissement public des musées d'Orsay et de l'Orangerie - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (EPMO). On occasion, the Orangerie still hosts dance and piano concerts and other events in the restored Water Lillies gallery.
In popular culture
The Musée de l'Orangerie is the main story point of the 2000 French adventure PC game Monet: The Mystery of the Orangery.
The art gallery, specifically the Water Lilies paintings, was featured in Woody Allen's 2011 film Midnight in Paris.
Timeline
The official site of the Orangerie presents a full historical timeline.
References
Bibliography
Georgel, Pierre (trans. from the French by John Adamson) (2006). The Musée de l'Orangerie Paris: Éditions Gallimard/Réunion des musées nationaux
Hoog, Michel (trans. by Jean-Marie Clarke) (1989, reprinted 2006). Musée de l'Orangerie, les Nymphéas of Claude Monet Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux
“2000-2006: a New Museum.” 2000-2006: a New Museum | Musée De L'Orangerie, 2019, www.musee-orangerie.fr/en/article/2000-2006-new-museum.
“The Acquisition of the Jean Walter and Paul Guillaume Collection.” The Acquisition of the Jean Walter and Paul Guillaume Collection | Musée De L'Orangerie, 2019, www.musee-orangerie.fr/en/article/acquisition-jean-walter-and-paul-guillaume-collection.
“The Building from the Second Empire to the Water Lilies.” The Building from the Second Empire to the Water Lilies | Musée De L'Orangerie, 2019, www.musee-orangerie.fr/en/article/building-second-empire-water-lilies.
“Chronology.” Chronology | Musée De L'Orangerie, 2019, www.musee-orangerie.fr/en/article/chronology.
“The Installation of the Water Lilies.” The Installation of the Water Lilies | Musée De L'Orangerie, 2019, www.musee-orangerie.fr/en/article/installation-water-lilies.
Madeline, Laurence. La Collection Walter-Guillaume Et Les Nymphéas De Monet: Musée De L'Orangerie. Nouvelles Éditions Scala, 2017.
“Major Exhibitions at the Musée De L'Orangerie from the 1930s to the 1950s.” Major Exhibitions at the Musée De L'Orangerie from the 1930s to the 1950s | Musée De L'Orangerie, 2019, www.musee-orangerie.fr/en/article/major-exhibitions-musee-de-lorangerie-1930s-1950s.
External links
Musée de l'Orangerie
360 degree view of Monet's Water Lilies provided by Google Arts & Culture
Virtual tour of the Musée de l'Orangerie provided by Google Arts & Culture
Orangerie, Musee de l
National museums of France
Buildings and structures in the 1st arrondissement of Paris
Art museums established in 1927
1927 establishments in France | {'title': "Musée de l'Orangerie", 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e%20de%20l%27Orangerie', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
{{Chembox
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| verifiedrevid = 464365248
| ImageFile_Ref =
| ImageFile = Benzotriazole - numbered.png
| ImageSize = 160
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of benzotriazole
| ImageFile1 = Benzotriazole-3D-spacefill.png
| ImageSize1 = 160
| ImageAlt1 = Space-filling model of the benzotriazole molecule
| PIN = 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole
| OtherNames = 1H-Benzotriazole; 1,2,3-Benzotriazole; BTA; BtaH
|Section1=
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=6 | H=5 | N=3
| Appearance = White solid
| Density = 1.36 g/mL<ref name="Merck"></ref>
| MeltingPtC = 100
| MeltingPt_ref =
| BoilingPtC = 350
| BoilingPt_ref =
| Solubility = 20 g/L
| SolubleOther =
| Solvent =
| pKa = 8.2
| pKb = > 14
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Benzotriazole (BTA) is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C6H5N3. Its five-membered ring contains three consecutive nitrogen atoms. This bicyclic compound may be viewed as fused rings of the aromatic compounds benzene and triazole. This white-to-light tan solid has a variety of uses, for instance, as a corrosion inhibitor for copper.
Structure
Benzotriazole features two fused rings. Its five-membered ring can exist in tautomers A and B, and the derivatives of both tautomers, structures C and D, can also be produced:
Various structural analyses with UV, IR and 1H-NMR spectra indicated that isomer A is predominantly present at room temperature. The bond between positions 1 and 2 and the one between positions 2 and 3 have proved to have the same bond properties. Moreover, the proton does not tightly bind to any of the nitrogen atoms, but rather migrates rapidly between positions 1 and 3. Therefore, the BTA can lose a proton to act as a weak acid (pKa = 8.2) or accept a proton using the lone pair electrons located on its nitrogen atoms as a very weak Brønsted base (pKa < 0). Not only can it act either as an acid or base, it can also bind to other species, utilizing the lone pair electrons. Applying this property, the BTA can form a stable coordination compound on a copper surface and behave as a corrosion inhibitor.
Synthesis and reactions
Synthesis of benzotriazole involves the reaction of o-phenylenediamine, sodium nitrite, and acetic acid. The conversion proceeds via diazotization of one of the amine groups:
The synthesis can be improved when the reaction is carried out at low temperatures (5–10 °C) and briefly irradiated in an ultrasonic bath. Typical batch purity is 98.5% or greater.
Derivatives
Biphenylene and benzyne can be conveniently prepared from benzotriazole by N''-amination with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid. The major product, 1-aminobenzotriazole, forms benzyne in an almost quantitative yield by oxidation with lead(IV) acetate, which rapidly dimerises to biphenylene in good yields.
Applications
Benzotriazole has been known for its great versatility. It has already been used as a restrainer (or anti-fogging agent) in photographic emulsions or developing solutions, and as a reagent for the analytical determination of silver. More importantly, it has been extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in the atmosphere and underwater. Also, its derivatives and their effectiveness as drug precursors have been drawing attention. Besides all the applications mentioned above, the BTA can be used as antifreezes, heating and cooling systems, hydraulic fluids, and vapor-phase inhibitors as well.
Corrosion inhibition
Benzotriazole is an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys by preventing undesirable surface reactions. It is known that a passive layer, consisting of a complex between copper and benzotriazole, is formed when copper is immersed in a solution containing benzotriazole. The passive layer is insoluble in aqueous and many organic solutions. There is a positive correlation between the thickness of the passive layer and the efficiency of preventing corrosion. BTA is used in conservation, notably for the treatment of bronze disease. The exact structure of the copper-BTA complex is controversial and many proposals have been suggested.
Drug precursor
Benzotriazole derivatives have chemical and biological properties that are versatile in the pharmaceutical industry. Benzotriazole derivatives act as agonists for many proteins. For instance, vorozole and alizapride have useful inhibitory properties against different proteins. Benzotriazole esters are used as mechanism-based inactivators to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by inhibiting the SARS 3CL protease of the SARS-CoV-1 virus. The methodology is not only limited to heterocyclization but was also successful for polynuclear hydrocarbons of small carbocyclic systems.
Environmental relevance
Benzotriazole is fairly water-soluble, not readily degradable and has a limited sorption tendency. Hence, it is only partly removed in wastewater treatment plants and a substantial fraction reaches surface water such as rivers and lakes. It is considered to be of low toxicity and a low health hazard to humans although exhibiting some antiestrogenic properties.
Related compounds
Tolyltriazole is a mixture of isomers or congeners that differ from benzotriazole by the addition of one methyl group attached somewhere on the benzene ring. Tolyltriazole has similar uses, but has better solubility in some organic solvents.
References
Benzotriazoles
Chelating agents
Conservation and restoration materials
Corrosion inhibitors
Photographic chemicals | {'title': 'Benzotriazole', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzotriazole', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
800 Fifth Avenue is a skyscraper in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It was constructed from 1979 to 1981 and has 42 floors. It is the tenth-tallest building in Seattle and was designed by 3D/International. The building has been able to retain a minimum of 98% occupancy since it was opened.
The building was previously known as Bank of America Fifth Avenue Plaza when its naming rights were held by the Bank of America. It was originally built for Seafirst Bank, which was acquired by the Bank of America prior to the tower's completion. In April 2014, its name was changed to 800 Fifth Avenue. The building was acquired by EQ Office in 2019. It underwent an interior renovation in 2022 that was designed by Olson Kundig to create more lobby space and a public garden.
Major tenants
Allstate
Bank of America
BDO
Electronic Arts
Office of the Attorney General of Washington
Parametric Portfolio Associates
Providence Health & Services
Sonos
See also
List of tallest buildings in Seattle
References
External links
800 Fifth Avenue at Hines Interests Limited Partnership
Bank of America buildings
Office buildings completed in 1981
Office buildings in Seattle
Skyscraper office buildings in Seattle
Bank buildings in Washington (state)
Hines Interests Limited Partnership
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design gold certified buildings | {'title': '800 Fifth Avenue', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/800%20Fifth%20Avenue', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Young, Black, Rich and Famous is the third album by the rap artist, producer and songwriter M-Doc.
The set felt somewhere between rap and R&B, and its ambitions were probably best realized on the lead single, which was a cover of the Deniece Williams' number one hit from 1977 "Free" M-Doc's version of the song released as the lead single scored minor chart success on the U.S. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles, where it peaked at number sixty-one in 1998.
To the album contributed several other performers. Among them, the singer CeCe Peniston (on the track "Keep It Real"), with whom M-Doc collaborated on the singles produced for her ("Searchin'", "I'm Not Over You" and "He Loves Me 2").
Track listing
Credits and personnel
M-Doc - lead vocal, writer, producer, co-producer, executive producer, programming
Jessie Campbell - lead vocal
Cristina - lead vocal, back vocal
Rhyme - back vocal
CeCe Peniston - back vocal
Shorty Gage - additional rap vocal
Greg Gibbs - additional back vocal
Blah Zae Blah - vocal
D.A. Smart - vocal, writer
Twista - vocal
L.Smith - writer
K.Little - writer
Elroy Smith - writer
T.Armstrong - writer
R.Smith-also Furious 5 - writer
Tanjila Pettis - writer
S.Robinson - writer
Ernest Wilson - writer
Deniece Williams - writer
Nathan Watts - writer
Susaye Green - writer
Henry Redd - writer
Fredrick J. Taerrin - writer
Richard Rudolph - writer
Minnie Riperton - writer
Scott Hammond - writer
Persan Love - writer
C.Mitchell - writer
T.Parker - writer
Lemoyne Alexander - instruments, producer
Ant Dub - vocal producer
N.O.I.D. - producer
T.J. - producer
Jere MC - producer
C-Breeze - producer, writer
Keith Henderson - guitar
Ronnie Tyson - piano, Rhodes keyboards, guitar, back vocal, additional producer
Lamar Jones - bass
Steve Maestro - scratches
Steve Weeder - engineer
Steve Johnson - assistant engineer
Matt Prock - mix
Larry Sturm - mix
Joey "The Don" Donatello - mix
Ed Strickland - associate executive producer
FPD3 and Jeff Weese - art direction, design
Indasoul Songs (ASCAP) - publisher
Alexia Music (Broadcast Music Incorporated) - publisher
Nydrin Music (Broadcast Music Incorporated) - publisher
Exactly Different (ASCAP) - publisher
References
General
Specific
External links
1998 albums | {'title': 'Young, Black, Rich and Famous', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%2C%20Black%2C%20Rich%20and%20Famous', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Richard Colley Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington ( – 31 January 1758) was an Irish peer, best remembered as the grandfather of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.
Biography
Richard Colley (as he was christened) was born around 1690, the son of Henry Colley (died 1719) and Mary, daughter of Sir William Ussher. He graduated from Trinity College, Dublin with a BA in 1711 and an MA in 1714 and an N.F.P. on 6 July 1740 as Richard Colley. In the intervening year he held the office of Chamberlain of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland).
On 23 September 1728 Colley inherited the estates of Dangan and Mornington, in County Meath, on the death of his cousin, Garret Wesley. Less than two months later on 15 November 1728 he legally changed his surname to Wesley.
Between 1729 and 1746 Wesley represented Trim in the Irish House of Commons. He was High Sheriff of Meath in 1734 and he was created Baron Mornington in the Peerage of Ireland on 9 July 1746.
Character
Wellington's biographer described his grandfather as "a civilised and eccentric country gentleman". The diarist Mary Delany (who was Garret's godmother) visiting Dangan in 1748 after a 17-year gap, found him "the same good-humoured, agreeable man he was on my last visit", and praised him as the man with most merits and fewest faults of anyone she knew, valuing wealth only as a means to make others happy. He was proud of, and fostered, his son's musical talent, but he was also extravagant, and died in debt, beginning the cycle of family indebtedness which eventually led to his eldest grandson Richard selling Dangan 40 years later.
Family
The Colley or Cowley family had come to Ireland from Glaston, in Rutland about 1500; Sir Henry Colley was elevated to the Peerage as Lord Glaston by Henry VIII. He married the daughter of Thomas Cusack, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Catherine Wellesley Cusack (d.1598) whose grandmother was a Wellesley. Upon the death of his cousin, Garret Wesley and his inheritance of the estates of Dangan and Mornington, Richard Colley (d.1758) and his wife Elizabeth Sale (d.17 June 1738) daughter of John Sale, Registrar of the Diocese of Dublin, on 23 December 1719. adopted the name Wellesley (from both Elizabeth's maternal family side from Catherine Wellesley Cusack, her grandmother) and through her husband's family, his cousin, Garret Wesley (Wellesley).
They had one son and two daughters:
Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington. Garret Wesley's ( Wellesley's) offspring included, Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, William Wellesley-Pole, 3rd Earl of Mornington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington and Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley
Frances, who married William Francis Crosbie
Elizabeth, who married Chichester Fortescue
Notes
References
Further reading
1690s births
1758 deaths
Irish MPs 1727–1760
Politicians from County Meath
Politicians from County Kildare
17th-century Irish people
High Sheriffs of Meath
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Meath constituencies
Mornington
Mornington | {'title': 'Richard Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Wesley%2C%201st%20Baron%20Mornington', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Love Life & Pakodi is a 2021 Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Jayanth Gali. The film is produced by Jayanth Gali under the banner Color of My Ink Films and Madhura Sreedhar Reddy on the banner Madhura Entertainment, features Bimal Kartheek Rebba, Sanchitha Poonacha, Krishna Hebbale, Kalajyothi, Anuradha Mallikarjun, Akarsh Raj Bagavatula in pivotal roles. The film released on 12 March 2021.
Plot
The plot deals with the journey of a couple, Arun and Rheya, whose relationship starts simple and reaches a complicated phase. They face the hurdles and honestly rediscover themselves at every step.
Cast
Bimal Kartheek Rebba
Sanchitha Poonacha
Krishna Hebbale
Kalajyothi
Anuradha Mallikarjun
Akarsh Raj Bagavatula
Marketing and release
Rana Daggubati unveiled Love Life And Pakodi trailer on 29 July 2020. Allu Sirish launched the theatrical trailer for this movie on 3 March 2021. The film released exclusively in multiplexes all over Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and the United States.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack album is composed by Pavan, with lyrics written by Mahesh Poloju. Madhura Audio Company released the complete soundtrack album featuring four tracks.
Reception
The Times of India critic Thadhagadh Pathi wrote "It makes an attempt to set itself apart from the run of the mill love stories." The Hindu critic Sangeetha Devi Dundoo wrote "Love Life & Pakodi surely knows to find newer things to discuss in the boy meets girl trope." 123Telugu.com wrote "On the whole, Love Life & Pakodi has a decent premise and contemporary story line. The film starts on an impressive note and performance of the lead pair also quite good." Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion South wrote "The film depicts the doubts and insecurities of a modern relationship while deliberately avoiding the context of other relationships and society." Telangana Today wrote "Love Life & Pakodi is a story of how broken relationships can still find a way to survive."
References
2020s Telugu-language films
Films shot in Hyderabad, India
Indian romantic drama films
Films set in Hyderabad, India
2021 romantic drama films | {'title': 'Love Life & Pakodi', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%20Life%20%26%20Pakodi', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Carmel College (formerly Carmel RC College) is a secondary school on The Headlands in Hummersknott, Darlington, England. It also has a sixth form, Carmel College Sixth Form admitting about 150 students each year. Following an OFSTED inspection in 2013, Carmel was graded as outstanding in all categories. It is part of the Bishop Hogarth Catholic Education Trust (formerly Carmel Education Trust) which includes 35 schools in the North East Region.
The current principal is Melanie Kane.
Admissions
Carmel College is the town's only Catholic secondary school. It has four main feeder schools at Primary level. These are St Teresa's RC Primary, St Bede's RC Primary, St Augustine's RC Primary and Holy Family RC Primary. There is also another school, Abbey Road Junior School, which feeds Carmel; although this school is not Catholic, it is local to Carmel. Carmel also has a sixth form.
Carmel College has eight forms which consist of C, A, R, M, E, L and J, P (from former Pope John Paul II) with three houses St. Aidans, St. Bedes and St. Cuthberts.
History
It began life as St Mary's Grammar School, a boys' grammar school, becoming comprehensive and co-educational in September 1974 when it merged with the Immaculate Conception Grammar School, a girls' Catholic grammar school.
The modern-day "St. Mary's" building, also known as Hummersknott House, has long been rumoured to be haunted by the college ghost, Harriet.
The John Caden Hall was opened by former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair in 2004, and is named after Father John Caden, who died in 2013.
Carmel underwent a multimillion-pound building project, completed in 2008, which included three brand new teaching blocks and the refurbishment of many of the old facilities. Carmel also upgraded its Sixth Form facilities; expanding the common room and providing a learning resource centre in the schools library. This was carried out in Summer 2010, and opened the following school year.
Tony Blair paid his last school visit as Prime Minister in 2007 at Carmel before he resigned, officially opening the brand-new "Newton" building housing the Physics, Chemistry and Biology Departments, including 8 laboratories.
The campus went through a further transformation in the school year 2012/2013 involving the full reconstruction of the schools "Upper" dining hall with new classrooms placed above which were required due to the schools recent expansion to 8 "form" groups per year-groups. The new dining Hall included new flat-screen televisions and a new glass wall between the dining hall and the lower floor of the schools library. The upgrade also included the replacement of the roof on the school library and reception building and a major refurbishment of the schools Gym located near to the Music Department and the Science "Newton" Block.
On 1 November 2011, Carmel RC College was officially closed, and Carmel College: A Catholic Academy was opened, as the school converted to an academy on this date. The school was named in July 2019 as a computing hub for the National Centre for Computing Education.
In 2021, A multimillion pound development project was initiated creating a new building over the old stable and connected to the sports hall to create a brand new sixth form centre which will consist of stay areas and a state-of-the-art fitness centre alongside a production suite overlooking the sports hall. The project was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however was opened in mid 2022.
Academic performance
The GCSE exam results of 2012 were the best to date, having 100% of students getting at least 5 A*-C GCSE certificates (95% including English and Mathematics). The A-level pass rate was 99%
at A2, with 52% achieving the highest grades of A*, A or B. The average point score was of 1030 points per student.
Accreditations
Carmel College is the Lead school in Carmel Teacher Training Partnership, an accredited ITT provider, training teachers for Qualified Teacher Status QTS in both primary and secondary schools through SCITT and [School Direct]. Carmel College was recognised in its most recent (as of 2020) Ofsted inspection as Outstanding in all categories in 2013. Carmel College was accredited as a 'Teaching School' in April 2012. However, The Government and DfE launched a new teaching school hub programme in September 2021 and Carmel College Teaching Alliance has now rebranded as Carmel Professional Training Centre (CPTC).
Notable former pupils
St Mary's Grammar School
Sir John Smith CBE (1933–40)
Oswald O'Brien, former Labour MP for Darlington from March–June 1983 (1939–46)
Colin Atkinson CBE, former President of Somerset CCC (1942–49)
Adrian Raine D. Phil (York) psychologist. Chair, Richard Perry University Professor of Criminology and Psychiatry & University of Pennsylvania. (1965–72)
Carmel RC College
Zoe Birkett, Pop Idol finalist and runner up, West End performer.
Tom Craddock, ex professional football player.
References
External links
Carmel College
EduBase
Catholic secondary schools in the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle
Educational institutions established in 1974
1974 establishments in England
Secondary schools in the Borough of Darlington
Academies in the Borough of Darlington
Schools in Darlington | {'title': 'Carmel College, Darlington', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmel%20College%2C%20Darlington', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Overload is a studio album by American musician Georgia Anne Muldrow. It was released on October 26, 2018, by Brainfeeder. Overload received a nomination for Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 62nd Grammy Awards.
Release
On September 13, 2018, Muldrow announced the release of her new studio album, along with the single "Aerosol".
Critical reception
Overload was met with "generally favorable" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 80 based on 10 reviews. Aggregator Album of the Year gave the release a 77 out of 100 based on a critical consensus of 9 reviews.
Accolades
Track listing
Personnel
Technical personnel
Georgia Anne Muldrow – producer
Mike & Keys – producer
Moods – producer
Lustbass – producer
Flying Lotus – executive producer
Aloe Blacc – executive producer
Dudley Perkins – executive producer
Daddy Kev – mastering
Artwork
Martin Norwood – cover art
Adam Stover – layout, design
References
2018 albums
Brainfeeder albums | {'title': 'Overload (Georgia Anne Muldrow album)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overload%20%28Georgia%20Anne%20Muldrow%20album%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Woodville Mall was an enclosed shopping mall off of Woodville Road (State Route 51) in Northwood, Ohio, outside the city of Toledo, Ohio. The mall opened in 1969 and, after losing most of its stores in the 2000s, became a dead mall. The mall's interior was closed in December 2011 and demolished in March 2014.
History
The DeBartolo Corporation built Woodville Mall in 1969. A portion opened in April of that year, and the rest of the mall opened by year's end. At the time of opening, it had three anchor stores: JCPenney, Sears and Lasalle's.
Within two years, a new shopping mall on the northwest side of Toledo, the Franklin Park Mall (1971) began competing with Woodville Mall, taking away its status as Toledo's sole enclosed shopping mall. A Woolco store (later Hills and Ames) also opened across from Woodville Mall in 1971.
R.H. Macy & Co., which had owned Lasalle's since 1923, converted their local stores to the Macy's name in 1982, and sold the locations to Elder-Beerman two years later. The Woodville Mall underwent a renovation in 1986, removing the center fountain area; adding a new center court area with skylights, new carpeting, and a food court; and making the mall more "kid friendly". JCPenney closed its store in June 1987 due to declining sales. The store was replaced with a general-merchandise store called The Andersons, which opened on September 1, 1988. After The Andersons opened, many mall merchants reported higher sales, including Spencer Gifts, Kay-Bee Toys and Orange Julius.
F.W. Woolworth Company, also an original tenant of the mall, closed in February 1994 along with three other Woolworth stores in the Toledo area. After this store closed, JCPenney negotiated opening a new store in the space vacated by Woolworth. Woolworth also operated a restaurant adjacent to the store called the Harvest House Cafeteria from the time of the mall opening until 1994.
1990s and 2000s decline
Simon Property Group, which merged with DeBartolo in 1996, put Woodville Mall and another mall in Toledo, North Towne Square, up for sale in 1999. Both properties were sold in 2004 to Sammy Kahen and Jack Kashani of California. Most of the mall's inline stores closed in the 2000s; by 2006, fewer than 30 of the mall's 100 spaces were operational. At this point, the mall's owners considered tearing down portions of the mall. Kahen and Kashani's plans for renovation never materialized, leading to the closure of the Elder-Beerman store and movie theater in late 2009. Mike Kohan, a New York real estate investor, bought the mall from Kahen in November 2009 and announced plans to add stores. New stores opened at the mall in 2011, including a sandwich stop, a furniture store and a radio station. Kohan also attempted to sell the mall to Royale Property Management, a New Jersey concern, but the deal failed because it was contingent on the replacement of the structure's roof.
In December 2011, a county judge ordered the mall closed due to structural issues. Among the issues were holes in the roof, water leaking into the mall, a partially failed alarm system, pervasive mold and mildew, and no heat (the mall had not paid the gas bill), forcing some mall tenants to use space heaters — a violation of state fire code. The county sought a permanent injunction to keep the mall closed, and the remaining tenants were told to leave by January 6, 2012. Kohan stated he did not have the money to make the necessary repairs. On June 7, 2012, the closure of the mall was made permanent by a judge, as Kohan had failed to appear at a hearing about the state of the mall. The Andersons and Sears would remain open, but the theater, which has no exterior entrance, was closed.
The mall was scheduled to be demolished at the end of 2012, but the owner had not done so; the City of Northwood was unable to obtain the property from the owner as well.
In November 2012, The Andersons announced the closure of its Woodville location effective February 2013, leaving Sears as the only anchor. According to The Andersons, the main reason for the closure of the store was the "serious deterioration of the [mall] structure". The mall was demolished in March 2014, except for the Sears, whose closure was announced the same month.
References
Shopping malls in Ohio
Shopping malls established in 1969
Buildings and structures in Wood County, Ohio
Demolished shopping malls in the United States
Buildings and structures demolished in 2014
Demolished buildings and structures in Ohio
1969 establishments in Ohio
2011 disestablishments in Ohio | {'title': 'Woodville Mall', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodville%20Mall', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Battle of Neerwinden (18 March 1793) saw a Republican French army led by Charles François Dumouriez attack a Coalition army commanded by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. The Coalition army of the Habsburg monarchy together with a small contingent of allied Dutch Republic troops repulsed all French assaults after bitter fighting and Dumouriez conceded defeat, withdrawing from the field. The French position in the Austrian Netherlands swiftly collapsed, ending the threat to the Dutch Republic and allowing Austria to regain control of its lost province. The War of the First Coalition engagement was fought at Neerwinden, located east of Brussels in present-day Belgium.
After Dumouriez's victory at Jemappes in November 1792, the French armies rapidly overran most of the Austrian Netherlands. Rather than driving the Austrians to the west bank of the Rhine River, Dumouriez and the French government became preoccupied with a war with the Dutch Republic. During the breathing space offered by her enemy, Austria assembled an army under the Prince of Coburg and struck back. After a French covering force was routed by Coburg at Aldenhoven, Dumouriez began gathering his army for a counterstroke.
Coburg took up a defensive position at Neerwinden and awaited the confident Dumouriez's attack. The Coalition army was outnumbered in infantry but possessed a two-to-one superiority in cavalry. After intense fighting, Coburg's troops repulsed the attacks of the French center and right wing. When Dumouriez found that his left wing was driven off the battlefield, he began retreating. The defeat led to mass desertions from the discouraged French volunteers. In the face of the military collapse, Dumouriez negotiated a free withdrawal of French troops in return for the surrender of Belgium and Dutch territory. Soon, Dumouriez was plotting against his own government and when his plans failed, he defected to the Austrians, leaving the French army in chaos.
Background
French conquer Belgium
On 6 November 1792, a French army under Charles François Dumouriez defeated the Austrian army of Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen at the Battle of Jemappes. The French enjoyed an enormous numerical superiority with 40,000 infantry, 3,000 cavalry and 100 guns against an Austrian army counting 11,628-foot soldiers, 2,168 horsemen and 56 guns. Within one month the French armies overran most of the Austrian Netherlands, a territory known today as the nation of Belgium. On the right flank, the Army of the Ardennes led by Jean-Baptiste Cyrus de Valence advanced down the Meuse River toward Huy. On the way, Valence dropped off a force under Louis-Auguste Juvénal des Ursins d'Harville to besiege Namur. Dumouriez himself with the Army of Belgium captured Liège. The Army of the North commanded by Francisco de Miranda laid siege to Antwerp. It was joined by a column under Benôit Guérin de Berneron that marched first from Ath northeast to Leuven (Louvain).
Mechelen (Malines) capitulated to Henri Christian Michel de Stengel and 6,000 Frenchmen on 16 November 1792 and its garrison of one battalion of the Austrian Württemberg Infantry Regiment Nr. 38 was allowed to go free. On the 27th Stengel with 8,000 soldiers from the Army of Belgium won a minor action at Voroux-lez-Liers near Liège over Anton Sztáray and four battalions of Austrians. Antwerp fell on 29 November to Miranda's 17,600 infantry and 1,245 cavalry. The Austrian garrison of the 1st Battalion of the Hohenlohe Nr. 17, two companies of the Vierset Nr. 59 and four companies of the Würzburg Infantry Regiments, plus 140 gunners surrendered after losing two dead and four wounded. The French captured 57 cannons, 50 additional 3-pound regimental cannons, 3,150 muskets and 1,523 hundredweight of gunpowder. The 2,599-man garrison of Namur under Johann Dominik von Moitelle surrendered on 2 December to Valence and Harville after a four-week siege. The Austrian defenders included two battalions of the Kinsky Infantry Regiment Nr. 36, one battalion of the Vierset, two companies of the Le Loup Jäger Battalion, a half-squadron of the Esterhazy Hussar Regiment Nr. 32 and 90 gunners. Harville's division counted 13,256 infantry, 1,425 cavalry and 266 artillerists.
Invasion of Dutch Republic and Austrian counterattack
Dumouriez had an opportunity to drive the Austrians from the west bank of the Rhine in conjunction with the Army of the Center. Instead he pursued a pet project of his, the invasion of the Dutch Republic. He hoped to go to war with the Dutch while keeping the Kingdom of Great Britain neutral. But the French government forced his hand, declaring war on Great Britain on 1 February 1793 and ordering him to overrun the Dutch Republic. Dumouriez undertook the invasion with 15,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry, soon reinforced. Leaving Miranda to besiege Maastricht, covered by Valence's army and Harville's corps, Dumouriez pushed north. At this time the Army of the North counted 18,322 men, the Army of Belgium numbered 30,197, the Army of the Ardennes consisted of 23,479 soldiers, Harville's corps was 12,051 strong, the Army of Holland had 23,244 troops and there were 15,000 men in Belgian garrisons. All told, the strength of the French army in the Low Countries was 122,293 men. The French army became overconfident, believing itself invincible. Meanwhile, the National Convention was riven by bitter political struggles between the moderate Girondists and the extreme Jacobins. During this period the army supply system fell apart through neglect.
Dumouriez crossed the Dutch frontier on 16 February 1793. The fortress of Breda fell after a quick siege from 21 to 24 February 1793. The 3,000 Dutch defenders, which included 2,500 infantry and a dragoon regiment, surrendered the city with its 250 cannon and were allowed to go free. Also on the 21st, Maastricht was invested by 10,000 troops of Miranda's army. There were 8,000 Austrian and Dutch defenders under Prince Karl Wilhelm Georg of Hesse-Darmstadt, an Austrian General-major. The siege work at Maastricht in winter weather was too much for the French volunteers and many deserted their units and went home. The fortress of Geertruidenberg with 150 guns capitulated after a siege from 1 to 4 March. The Dutch garrison of two battalions and two squadrons were allowed to go free. Both Breda and Geertruidenberg had been bluffed into giving up by the military engineer Jean Claude le Michaud d'Arcon, who had designed the floating batteries at the Great Siege of Gibraltar. A small fort at Klundert was captured on 4 March by 4,000 men under Berneron. The tiny garrison put up a stiff fight and lost 60 killed before the 73 survivors gave up.
Poised at the edge of Hollands Diep, Dumouriez planned to cross and march through Rotterdam, Delft, The Hague and Leiden to seize Amsterdam. After capturing Maastricht, Miranda would join him by advancing through Nijmegen and Utrecht. Preoccupied with the Dutch Republic, the French commander had given the Austrians too much time to recover. Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld massed an Austrian army on the west bank of the Rhine. He was assisted by a promising staff officer named Karl Mack von Leiberich. On 1 March, Coburg swept aside René Joseph de Lanoue's covering army at the Battle of Aldenhoven. The French abandoned the siege of Maastricht on 3 March. Coburg pursued slowly and the French forces regrouped at Leuven on the 9th. Dumouriez was slow to give up his Dutch project but the French government insisted that he take charge in Belgium. Leaving Louis-Charles de Flers in command of the Army of Holland, Dumouriez arrived at Leuven on 11 March.
Dumouriez thought his soldiers' morale was too shaky for a retreat so he advanced on Coburg's army, seeking battle. In his haste, the French commander failed to call up Harville's corps or the Army of Holland as reinforcements. Earlier, François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche had been driven out of Tienen (Tirlemont), but on 16 March the French recaptured it after a vigorous combat. The French attacked Tienen with 10,000 troops while Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen defended the town with 6,000 soldiers, six guns and two mortars. French casualties numbered 500 while their opponents sustained losses of 800 killed, wounded and missing. Coburg pulled his army back behind the Little Gete River. Believing that he outnumbered his enemies, Dumouriez was very confident of success. A century before, the French had won the Battle of Landen on the same ground.
Battle
Forces
The strengths given for the two armies vary somewhat. Historian Digby Smith credited the French with between 40,000 and 45,000 men while stating Austro-Dutch numbers as 43,000. Ramsay Weston Phipps asserted that the French had 40,000-foot and 4,500 horse while the Coalition counted 30,000 infantry and 9,000 cavalry. Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote that Dumouriez put 42,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry into battle against Coburg's 30,000-foot and 10,000 horse. According to Gunther E. Rothenberg Dumouriez was outnumbered 43,000 to 41,000.
Lamarche's Advance Guard counted 4,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry. Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre led the Flankers of the Right, 2,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry. Valence's Right Wing numbered 7,000 in 18 battalions and was divided into the divisions of Joachim Joseph Neuilly, Alexis Paul Michel Le Veneur and Valence. Duke Louis of Chartres led the Center which included 7,000-foot soldiers in 18 battalions and 1,000 horsemen. The subordinate generals of the Center were Jacques Thouvenot and Dominique Dietmann. Miranda's Left Wing was made up of Jean Alexandre Ihler's 7,000 men and Felix Marie Pierre Chesnon de Champmorin's 5,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry. Joseph Miaczinski led the Flankers of the Left, 2,000-foot and 1,000 horse. Jean Nestor de Chancel commanded the eight battalion Reserve in the strength of 4,000 men. These figures total 38,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry.
The Advance Guard of Archduke Charles with 11 battalions and 11 squadrons was divided into a number of brigades under the command of colonels. Joseph von Gruber commanded two battalions of the Sztáray Infantry Regiment Nr. 33. Stephan von Mihaljevich led three battalions of the Mahony Jägers, one battalion of the O'Donnell Freikorps, 1/3 battalion of the Branovaczky (Serb) Freikorps and one squadron of the Esterhazy Hussar Regiment Nr. 32. Anton Ulrich Joseph von Mylius directed one battalion of the Grün-Laudon Freikorps, 1/3 battalion of Tyrolean Sharpshooters and one squadron of the Esterhazy Hussars. Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg directed one and 1/3 battalion of Tyrolean Sharpshooters, one battalion of the O'Donnell Freikorps, 1/3 battalion of the Branovaczky Freikorps and three squadrons of the Uhlan Regiment. Paul De Briey led the Barthodeisky, Briey and Pückler Grenadier battalions and six squadrons of the Esterhazy Hussars.
Joseph de Ferraris led the eight battalions and 16 squadrons of the 1st Rank with Duke Ferdinand Frederick Augustus of Württemberg as his division commander. There were two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Kheul Nr. 10, Wartensleben Nr. 28 and Brentano Nr. 35, one battalion each of the Archduke Charles Nr. 3 and Jordis Nr. 59, six squadrons each of the Kavanagh Nr. 12 and Nassau Nr. 14 Cuirassier Regiments and two squadrons each of the Kaiser Nr. 1 and Duke Albert Nr. 5 Carabinier Regiments. Wenzel Joseph von Colloredo directed the six battalions and 10 squadrons of the 2nd Rank, seconded by division commander Johann Andreas Benjowski and brigadier Franz Vincenz Ferrer von Hoditz und Wolfranitz. The units included two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Brechainville Nr. 25 and Callenberg Nr. 54, one battalion each of the Alton Nr. 15 and Joseph Colloredo Nr. 57, six squadrons of the Zeschwitz Nr. 10 Cuirassiers and two squadrons each of the Karaczay Nr. 18 Chevau-léger and Coburg Nr. 37 Dragoon Regiments.
François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt led 11 battalions and 14 squadrons of the Reserve, with József Alvinczi as his division commander and Johann Nepomuk Gottfried von Lützow as his brigadier. The units were two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Ligne Nr. 30, Esterhazy Nr. 34 and Württemberg Nr. 38, one battalion each of the Murray Nr. 55 and Vierset Nr. 58, the Leuven, Morzin and Rousseau Grenadier battalions, eight squadrons of the Latour Chevau-légers Nr. 31 and six squadrons of the Blankenstein Hussars Nr. 16. The Dutch Republic contributed six battalions, consisting of two battalions each of the Stokkar and Waldeck and one battalion each of the May and Welderen Infantry Regiments.
Combat
Coburg's Advance Guard under Archduke Charles was drawn up on the right flank, Graf Colloredo and the Duke of Württemberg stood in the center and the Count of Clerfayt with the Reserve defended the left flank. The village of Halle was at the far right of the line while Neerwinden village was in the left-center. A screen of Coalition light troops was posted in all the hamlets along the Little Gete. Dumouriez organized eight columns of attack. Valence on the right led three attack columns against Racour and Oberwinden, the Duke of Chartres directed two columns in the center via Laer and Miranda commanded three columns on the left along the main road to Halle. The French reserve formed a final column on the far left where it was to first capture Zoutleeuw (Leau) and then swing south against Halle. Lamarche's Advance Guard operated with the Right Wing.
Dumouriez believed that Coburg would put his main strength on the right wing to protect the Austrian line of communications. Therefore, he planned to throw his heaviest blow against Coburg's left wing. Clerfayt's line stretched from Neerwinden, across Mittelwinden hill to Oberwinden village on the left. Dumouriez directed Valence to outflank Oberwinden with one column, attack Oberwinden frontally with the second and seize the Mittelwinden hill with the third. On Valence's left, Chartres was ordered to attack Neerwinden with his columns. At 7:00 am, the French swarmed across the Little Gete but Valence was unable to capture the Mittelwinden hill until noon. The French seized Racour, Oberwinden and finally Neerwinden.
The Coalition forces launched attack after attack on the villages which were stubbornly defended by the French. Meanwhile, Austrian cavalry charges were highly effective in the open ground between the settlements. After bitter fighting in which Oberwinden and Racour changed hands repeatedly, the two villages and Neerwinden were recaptured by Clerfayt's troops. An Austrian cavalry charge pressed back the French even farther. Dumouriez attempted one more all-out attack with his right but it failed. The French cavalry covered the retreat of the infantry, with Chartres and Valence maintaining a position along the Little Gete.
When Miranda attacked that morning, Coburg's first reaction was to draw substantial troops from his center to reinforce his right flank. Initially, Archduke Charles' men were driven back to Dorsmael but then they held on to the village. The French Reserve captured Leau and threatened Halle but was soon thrown back. The main fighting occurred between 3:00 and 6:00 PM when Miaczinski's column seized Dorsmael but counterattacks drove his soldiers out. Other attacks withered in the face of the strong Coalition defenses. Charles saw an opportunity and hurled his cavalry on the tired French soldiers. The Left Wing became so demoralized that its troops were driven back to Tienen before Miranda could rally them. When Dumouriez heard of the defeat of Miranda's wing on the morning of the 19th he was forced to order a retreat.
Results
On the Coalition side, Mack was given much of the credit for Coburg's triumph. Blamed for the defeat, Miranda traveled to Paris to intrigue against Dumouriez. The Austro-Dutch reported losses of 97 officers, 2,762 rank and file and 779 horses. The French lost 4,000 killed and wounded, plus 1,000 men and 30 artillery pieces captured. General of Brigade Georges Guiscard de Bar was killed and four generals were wounded. Another source estimated Austrian losses as 2,600 killed and wounded and 400 missing while French casualties were 3,000 killed and wounded plus 1,000 missing or prisoners. Immediately after the battle, about 6,000 French volunteers deserted the colors and went home. Three days later, Dumouriez's army only numbered about 20,000 troops as the men deserted in hundreds. On 23 March there was a clash at Pellenberg where Coburg with 38,000 soldiers defeated Dumouriez with 22,000. The Austrians sustained 900 casualties while inflicting 2,000 on the French.
On 24 March the French army retreated through Brussels. Dumouriez began calling in his detachments such as Harville's corps. At this point Dumouriez opened negotiations with the Austrians. He offered to evacuate Belgium if his armies were allowed an unmolested retreat. The terms were accepted and the French armies withdrew to camps behind the border. The Army of Holland was allowed to march through enemy lines and took position near Lille. The Army of the Ardennes was posted at Maulde, the Army of the North at Bruille-Saint-Amand, and the Army of Belgium at Condé-sur-l'Escaut and Valenciennes. Geertruidenberg was evacuated on 2 April and Breda on 3 April.
Dumouriez was a monarchist at heart and he despaired when King Louis XVI went to the guillotine on 21 January 1793. He found the political situation in Paris to be chaotic. He was appalled at the tendency of radicals to interfere with army commanders. Having already negotiated with the enemy, Dumouriez offered to treat and the Austrians sent Mack on 25 March. The French commander proposed to take the army and march on Paris. He would overthrow the National Convention, crush the Jacobins and restore the Constitution of 1791. For their part, the Austrians pledged to halt their advance while he carried out his coup. But Dumouriez moved too slowly. On 1 April, four commissioners and the War Minister Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville arrived at his headquarters to demand that the commander explain himself in Paris. They were seized and handed over to the Austrians.
Dumouriez tried to put the frontier fortresses in the hands of his adherents but failed. Miaczinski botched the attempted seizure of Lille and was later executed. Dumouriez believed that he could control the regular infantry and cavalry regiments. On the other hand, the volunteers and the artillery remained devoted to the National Convention. In one incident, Dumouriez was fired on and nearly arrested by Louis-Nicolas Davout's volunteer battalion. He then made the mistake of being seen with an Austrian escort and the gunners took the lead in refusing to obey him. Seeing that his plot had fallen apart, Dumouriez defected to the Austrians on 5 April 1793. He was accompanied by the Duke of Chartres, Valence, several more generals and some cavalry. No longer bound by the previous agreement, Coburg prepared to invade France.
Ironically, the treason and defection of Dumouriez gave the Jacobins full scope to take control of the armies. Before Neerwinden, the army obeyed its commanders. Afterward, the representatives on mission were given extraordinary powers over army commanders. The generals might pay with their lives for defeat, but the real authority lay with the political operatives. Meanwhile, the new War Minister sent his agents to spy on the generals. These men were quick to report any complaint against officers, which could result in disgrace or execution. Elements of this system stayed in force even after Maximilien Robespierre was overthrown and guillotined.
References
Citations
Sources
External links
This source is useful for finding the full names and dates of promotion of French generals.
Flanders Campaign 1793–94
Conflicts in 1793
1793 in the Habsburg monarchy
1793 in the Holy Roman Empire
Battles involving the Dutch Republic
Battle
Battle | {'title': 'Battle of Neerwinden (1793)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Neerwinden%20%281793%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Jaime Jefferson Guilarte (; born 17 January 1962) is a retired Cuban long jumper. A predecessor of the greatest Cuban long jumper, Ivan Pedroso, he was also capable of big jumps, taking more international medals in a career that spanned for over a decade.
Career
His first notable success were 1983 Pan-American Games in Caracas where he won the gold. Jefferson improved his long jump personal best to 8.37m in 1984, but was deprived of competing at the L.A. Olympics through Cuban boycott. Over the next decade and a half, he amassed several medals from Central American Games and Championships, winning the golds at Champs in 1985 and CAC Games in 1986. Jaime also won two golds at World University Games - first in Kobe in 1985, second in Duisburg in 1989. At the Pan-American Games in Indianapolis in 1987, he improved his PB to 8.51m to collect bronze medal behind Carl Lewis and Larry Myricks (both USA), but couldn't reproduce that at the World Championships in Rome finishing 6th with 8.14m. 1988 was again frustrating because of another Olympic Cuban boycott, but Jaime continued to compete with even more success in 90's. He recorded his career best long jump of 8.53m in 1990 and had great season in 1991, winning silver at the World Indoor Championships in Seville and reclaiming Pan-American title he lost in 1987, winning in his home country in Havana with 8.26m. Only disappointment of the season was subpar 9th-place finish in the greatest long jump competition ever, World Championships in Tokyo. Next season finally brought Jefferson's first Olympic appearance and he finished creditable 5th in Barcelona, again behind great Carl Lewis. Jaime added World Indoor bronze in 1993 at Toronto, but his career was obviously on the wane in his thirties as he was unable to qualify for the final in major outings 1993 and 1995 World Championships and 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. Jaime Jefferson won his final international medal at 1997 CAC Championships in San Juan where he finished behind his famous compatriot Ivan Pedroso, by then World's finest long jumper, and retired at the end of the season.
International competitions
1Representing the Americas
References
Cuban male long jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1983 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1987 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1991 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1995 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Cuba
Sportspeople from Guantánamo
1962 births
Living people
Pan American Games gold medalists for Cuba
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
World Athletics Championships athletes for Cuba
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Cuba
Competitors at the 1986 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 1990 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 1993 Central American and Caribbean Games
Universiade gold medalists for Cuba
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics
Medalists at the 1985 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1989 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 1990 Goodwill Games
Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games
Friendship Games medalists in athletics | {'title': 'Jaime Jefferson', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime%20Jefferson', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Longsheng () is a town in Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guangxi, China. As of 2018 it had a population of 37,000 and an area of .
History
In 1742, Longsheng was formed as a city after the suppression of a rebellion led by Wu Jinyin ().
In 1945, it was known as "Rixin Street" ().
After the establishment of the Communist State, its name was replaced by Rixin Town () in 1958 and Chengguan Town () in 1963. In February 1964, it was renamed "Longsheng Town Commune" (). In November 1979, its name was changed to "Longsheng Town".
Geography
Longsheng is located in central Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County. It is surrounded by Lejiang Town on the north, Sishui Township on the northeast, Piaoli Town on the west, Sanmen on the southwest, Longji Town on the southeast, and Lingui District on the south.
The Xun River flows through the town west to northeast.
The Heping River () and Pingye River () run through the town.
The town enjoys a subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of . The highest temperature is , and the lowest temperature is .
Administrative divisions
As of 2020, the town is divided into 5 residential communities and 14 villages.
Residential communities
Longsheng administers the following 5 residential communities:
Chengnan Community ()
Chengbei Community ()
Guilong Community ()
Chengxi Community ()
Bei'an Community ()
Villages
Longsheng administers the following 14 villages:
Chengguan ()
Shuanghe ()
Lehuang ()
Duping ()
Pingye ()
Chonglou ()
Lingtian ()
Shangmeng ()
Jinche ()
Jinjie ()
Shuangdong ()
Rixin ()
Shandong ()
Nanmen ()
Demographics
The village of Jinjie () and Shuangdong () are home to a concentration of ethnic Zhuang people.
Transportation
The China National Highway 321, commonly referred to as "G321", is a west-southeast highway passing through commercial and residential area west of the town limits.
The G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway, more commonly known as "Bao-Mao Expressway", runs west to southeast of the town.
References
Bibliography
Towns of Guilin | {'title': 'Longsheng, Guangxi', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longsheng%2C%20Guangxi', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
is a public day school run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. The campus is located in Toyama 3-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo.
It has been designated as a Super Science High School (SSH) by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). It has also been designated as part of the Team Medical (TM) project run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education (a project where students who wish to go on to medical school form a team).
Education policy
Develop your own personality
Respect effort and take responsibility
Enrich your mind and keep your body healthy
Recent timeline
2004 — Becomes the first metropolitan high school to be designated as a Super Science High School by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (designated period is 3 years)
2007 — Designated for the second term as a Super Science High School (designated period is 5 years)
2012 — Starts a 2-year transitional period as a Super Science High School
2014 — Designated for the third term as a Super Science High School (designated period is 5 years)
2016 — Designated as a Team Medical (TM) school
2017 — 130th anniversary of the school's foundation. A commemorative ceremony is held in September. Renovation work of the martial arts building starts
2019 — Designated for the fourth term as a Super Science High School (up to 2023)
Access
1 minute on foot from Nishi-waseda Station on the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line.
10 minutes on foot from Takadanobaba Station on the Yamanote Line, Seibu Shinjuku Line, and Tokyo Metro Tozai Line.
Notable alumni
Tadatoshi Fujimaki (manga artist)
Masato Hagiwara (actor)
Tomoyuki Hoshino (author)
Kiyoshi Jinzai (novelist)
Nana Katase (actress)
Hiroshi Komiyama (scientist)
Shinichiro Kurimoto (author and politician)
Ichiro Miyashita (politician)
Tadashi Sasaki (banker)
Hideo Shima (engineer)
Mitsuru Yoshida (author)
References
Website of Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education
Minkou site
External links
Zyuken.net website
High schools in Japan
High schools in Tokyo
Educational institutions established in 1888
1888 establishments in Japan | {'title': 'Tokyo Metropolitan Toyama High School', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo%20Metropolitan%20Toyama%20High%20School', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Jacek Zdzisław Siewiera (April 27, 1984 in Wrocław) is a Polish army officer, medical doctor and lawyer. A doctor of philosophy in medical science, an expert in anaesthesiology and intensive therapy. University of Oxford alumnus. The organizer and first head of the Hyperbaric Medicine Clinic of the Military Medical Institute. The founder of the Rescue Center. Since 2022 he serves as a Head of the National Security Bureau.
Education and career
He completed full-time studies at the faculty of medicine of the Piastów Śląskich Medical University in Wrocław and five-year part-time studies in law at the Faculty of Law and Economics of the University of Wrocław and doctoral studies at the Forensic Medicine Chair of the Medical University in Wrocław. After defense of doctoral dissertation at the Forensic Medicine Chair of the Piastów Śląskich Medical University in Wrocław he started military service. He is the author of the first textbook in Poland dedicated to limitations of life support technologies and titled Futile medial treatment for medical doctors and lawyers. Then he commenced studies in the area of strategy and innovation at the University of Oxford and graduated with distinction.
In 2012 he was awarded with the Medal for Sacrifice and Courage by the President of the Republic of Poland Bronisław Komorowski upon request of the Voivode of Lower Silesia Region for merit in saving human lives (for actions undertaken during the disaster within the premises of the Katowice International Fair in 2006).
In 2017 in the Clinical Ward of Hyperbaric Medicine of the Military Medical Institute, which he established, he undertook a rescue hyperbaric treatment of a pilot of a MIG29 fighter jet, which failed during flight. This was the world's first publicized case of successful recovery from high-altitude decompression sickness owing to hyperbaric treatment and cardiopulmonary bypass. The treatment procedure entailed a risk to the medical doctor's life and health, for which in 2018 he was awarded with the Cross of Merit for Bravery by the President of the Republic of Poland, Andrzej Duda, and also with the „Portrait of Polish Medicine”. As a result of actions aimed to combat the SARS CoV2 epidemic in the period of peak incidence of COVID-19 infections in the United States, he was awarded with the Illinois Military Medal of Merit.
Missions
In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic he was the Commander of the Polish Military and Civilian Mission to Lombardy from March 30 to April 9, 2020, in the period of peak incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Northern Italy
In April 2020 he was the Commander of the Polish Military Medical Mission to the United States. deployed after a telephone conversation between President of Poland and of the United States.
References
Polish soldiers
Polish medical researchers
1984 births
Living people | {'title': 'Jacek Siewiera', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacek%20Siewiera', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Children in Need 2006 was a campaign held in the United Kingdom to raise money for Children in Need. It culminated in a live broadcast on BBC One on the evening of Friday 17 November and was hosted by Terry Wogan, Natasha Kaplinsky, Fearne Cotton and Chris Moyles. The voice over reading out money raised at various points was Alan Dedicoat. On average, the broadcast brought in 7.72m viewers and raised a total of £18,300,392 by the closing minute.
Television campaign
Artist performances
All Saints
Emma Bunton
Deacon Blue
Alesha Dixon
The Feeling
Nelly Furtado
Girls Aloud
Jamiroquai
Keane
Ronan Keating
Lemar
The Magic Numbers
McFly
Katie Melua
Dannii Minogue
Nerina Pallot
Status Quo
Sugababes
Sandi Thom
Westlife
Amy Winehouse
Cast performances
The BBC News team performed a tribute to the James Bond films
The cast of Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps performed Wham's "Club Tropicana"
The cast of Holby City performed Madonna's "Hung Up"
The cast of Bad Girls performed Bananarama's "Love in the First Degree"
Chris Fountain, Andrew Moss, Gemma Merna and Carley Stenson from Hollyoaks performed "Unbelievable" by EMF in London whilst Gerard McCarthy, also from Hollyoaks, duetted with Sheila Ferguson live from Belfast.
Others
West end performances from the casts of Daddy Cool, Guys and Dolls, Evita, The Sound of Music, Avenue Q and the award-winning musical Wicked.
The new voice of the BT Speaking clock for the next 20 years was announced as Sara Mendes da Costa, a telemarketer and part-time voiceover artist.
The winner of reality show Celebrity Scissorhands was announced.
Rory Bremner performed a standup routine which lampooned many famous political people.
QI broadcast a "Children in Need" episode on BBC Two when the news was on BBC One. The theme of the episodes was "Descendents" and featured Jonathan Ross, Phill Jupitus and Rich Hall.
Official single
Emma Bunton recorded the official single for 2006's appeal. The Baby Spice recorded a cover of Petula Clark's 60s classic Downtown especially for the charity. The single peaked at Number 3 on the UK Singles Chart.
Totals
The following are totals with the times they were announced on the televised show.
At 17 November 2006 23:40 GMT the total raised was £9,684,158
At 18 November 2006 00:40 GMT the total raised was £12,608,849
At 18 November 2006 01:03 GMT the total raised was £16,052,161
At 18 November 2006 01:47 GMT the total raised was £16,950,588
At 18 November 2006 02:19 GMT the total raised was £18,300,392
The most recent total shown for the 2006 appeal was shown on the official website on 24 June 2007 at 18:40 GMT as £30,194,659
See also
References
External links
2006 in the United Kingdom
2006 in British television
2006
November 2006 events in the United States | {'title': 'Children in Need 2006', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%20in%20Need%202006', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Bruce Joseph Grocott, Baron Grocott PC (born 1 November 1940) is a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.
Early life
Grocott was born in Kings Langley near Watford, and was educated at the University of Leicester. He obtained an MA from Manchester University after conducting research on Local Government. He was appointed to the post of lecturer, and later a senior lecturer, at the City of Birmingham College of Commerce (later Birmingham Polytechnic, now Birmingham City University). During this time he was elected to Bromsgrove Urban District Council. From 1972 to 1974 he was a principal lecturer at North Staffordshire Polytechnic.
Parliamentary career
His first attempt to become a member of Parliament was in the 1970 election when he stood unsuccessfully for South West Hertfordshire. He was then selected as a candidate and was elected as Member of Parliament for Lichfield and Tamworth in October 1974, in which position he became Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister for Local Government and Planning, and later the Minister of Agriculture. He lost his seat at the 1979 general election and joined Central Television as a presenter and producer, working on programmes such as Left, Right and Centre, Central Lobby and Central Weekend.
He was re-elected for The Wrekin in 1987 and he was very shortly thereafter appointed Deputy Shadow Leader of the House to Jack Cunningham before becoming advisor to the Leader of the Opposition, Neil Kinnock and, later, a Foreign Affairs Spokesman under John Smith. He served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Tony Blair from 1994 until 2001.
He transferred to Telford in 1997 when The Wrekin was divided. He served this seat until the 2001 general election, when he stepped down from the Commons.
House of Lords
He was made a life peer under the title of Baron Grocott, of Telford, in the County of Shropshire, on 2 July 2001, quickly being promoted to a government whip in the House of Lords. From 2002 to 2008 he was the Government Chief Whip in the House of Lords as well as Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms, the honorary post usually held by the Chief Whip. As the Chief Whip, he was sworn of the Privy Council in 2002. He has promoted further reform of the Lords, including attempts to abolish by-elections for hereditary peers.
In October 2012 it was announced that Lord Grocott has been elected as the next chancellor of the University of Leicester, the first time in the university's history that a former student has been appointed to the post. He was installed as chancellor at the degree ceremony in DeMontfort Hall on 24 January 2013. His term finished in July 2018 and he was replaced by Lord Willetts.
Family
Grocott is married with two sons and lives in Staffordshire.
References
External links
Short interview giving his views on House of Lords reform
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1940 births
Living people
Academics of Birmingham City University
Academics of Staffordshire University
Alumni of the University of Leicester
Alumni of the University of Manchester
British television presenters
Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms
Labour Party (UK) life peers
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Shropshire
Parliamentary Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
Life peers created by Elizabeth II | {'title': 'Bruce Grocott, Baron Grocott', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Grocott%2C%20Baron%20Grocott', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The term course of performance is defined in the Uniform Commercial Code as follows:
(a) A "course of performance" is a sequence of conduct between the parties to a particular transaction that exists if:
(1) the agreement of the parties with respect to the transaction involves repeated occasions for performance by a party; and
(2) the other party, with knowledge of the nature of the performance and opportunity for objection to it, accepts the performance or acquiesces in it without objection.
UCC § 1-303(a). "Course of dealing," as defined in [UCC § 1-303] subsection (b), is restricted, literally, to a sequence of conduct between the parties previous to the agreement. A sequence of conduct after or under the agreement, however, is a "course of performance."
Where a contract involves repeated occasions for performance and opportunity for objection "any course of performance accepted or acquiesced in without objection shall be relevant to determine the meaning of the agreement." "[S]uch course of performance shall be relevant to show a waiver or modification of any term inconsistent with such course of performance." This UCC section recognizes that the "parties themselves know best what they have meant by their words of agreement and their action under that agreement is the best indication of what that meaning was."
It is well established that a written contract may be modified by the parties' post-agreement "course of performance."
A waiver that changes the express terms of a contract can be established by evidence of a course of performance. This holds true even for contracts that are fully integrated. The policy behind this "broad doctrine of waiver" in contract law is to "prevent the waiving party from 'lull[ing] another into a false assurance that strict compliance with a contractual duty will not be required and then sue for noncompliance.' "
It is not necessary that the contract be ambiguous before course of performance will be considered.
A course of performance is shown by repeated instances of the relevant conduct, not single occasions or actions.
References
Business law
Uniform Commercial Code
American legal terminology
Contract law legal terminology | {'title': 'Course of performance', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course%20of%20performance', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Trace Elliot is a United Kingdom-based bass amplification manufacturer, and has a sub-brand, Trace Acoustic, for acoustic instruments.
History
In 1979, a music shop in Romford, Essex, UK, called Soundwave was building and hiring out PA systems to local musicians. It soon became apparent that some of this equipment was not being used simply as PA but instead was being used by bass players, who for so long had to put up with under-powered amplification that was often merely a guitar amplifier with a modified tone circuit.
The Soundwave owner, Fred Friedlein, and staff which included Alan Morgan (sales) and Stuart Watson (design engineer) realised the potential market and developed a range of products that incorporated MOSFET output stages driving large cabinets, including 15” drivers, and also the world's first bass-dedicated 4 x 10” cabinet, now an industry standard for all bass amp lines.
There were several features which made this product unique: the GP11 pre-amp featured 11 graphic EQ bands which were very broad bands, overlapping each other, thereby enabling massive amounts of frequency cut or boost when adjacent bands were boosted or cut. Secondly, the frequency bands were spaced closer together towards the bass end allowing even more variation for bass guitarists to alter their sound like no other amp had previously allowed. Added to this were MOSFET poweramps of 250 or 500 watts and the option of bi-amplified systems where bass and upper frequencies are filtered before being separately amplified and fed to dedicated high frequency and low frequency speaker cabinets. Trace Elliot, as the brand came to be called, gained a reputation for themselves; rumour has it that early users were John Paul Jones of Led Zeppelin, Andy Rourke of The Smiths and Brian Helicopter of punk band The Shapes. Mark King of Level 42 was also an early adopter of the brand. The company, now dedicated to manufacturing, moved to new premises in Witham, Essex, in 1985 to satisfy the growing demand.
In late 1986, Stuart Watson, technical director and designer of the Trace Elliot range up to the Mark 5 series, left the company. That same year Fred Friedlein (then sole owner of Trace Elliot) employed the services of freelance electronics designer Clive Button. In 1986 Mark Gooday was appointed MD and given 24% of the company by Friedlein in thanks for the growth and production changes made by Gooday.
In 1989, Trace Elliot introduced the Trace Acoustic range of acoustic amplifiers, whose features were developed by Friedlein, Gooday, Clive Roberts and Clive Button. The company moved again from its base on Witham, this time to Maldon, Essex.
In 1992 the company was bought by Kaman, which had previously handled the brand's US distribution. The reason for the sale was the need for growth and the importance of the US market. Kaman staff would service a brand but would not grow brands unless they owned them. This arrangement was suggested to Friedlein by Gooday (to whom Friedlein had offered the full company at a very low price). The sale to Kaman meant Friedlein could retire and Gooday could see the brand grow with Kaman.
Kaman downsized their music division in 1997 and sold the company to a trio of Trace Elliot directors, who took ownership of a brand with nearly 200 staff on a site; they focused on exploiting the North American market, and in 1998 sold the company to the Gibson Guitar Corporation.
In January 2002, the factory was closed and all the staff were laid off. Gibson moved the production of a few particular products they wanted to continue with to various locations in the United States.
In April 2005 it was announced that Peavey Electronics had acquired the North American distribution rights to the Trace Elliot brand.
Notable products, past and present
GP11 pre-amplifier, very collectable unit combined with various power amp models produced in the 1980s.
1110 Combo, a combination amplifier/speaker unit comprising a GP11 pre-amplifier, V5 mosfet amplifier and 4 x 10” bass cabinet.
1048H Successor to the world's first dedicated 4 x 10” bass cabinet.
BLX-80 a compact 80 watt bass combo with an innovative back-of-cabinet mounted 10" speaker and a full-featured GP7 pre-amp section. The name was derived from the phrase "the dog's bollocks" which was used to describe the combo during development.
AH1000-12 Fully featured bass head with 12 Band EQ, Valve Drive, dual band compression and many other features.
Trace Acoustic range. Numerous models for amplifying acoustic instruments.
GP12SMX Bass Preamp: 12 Band EQ Bass Pre-amp. The basis for the preamp in all the SMX series.
V-Type V6 300 W all valve head. Used by many Britpop bands in the '90s.
V-Type V8 400 W all valve head, with overdrive and compression on board.
Velocette: 1990s-era 15 W valve-powered guitar combos; several variants, basis for the Gibson Goldtone range.
References
External links
Company website
Guitar amplifier manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United Kingdom | {'title': 'Trace Elliot', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace%20Elliot', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Jose "Joeten" Camacho Tenorio (July 6, 1923 – November 5, 1993) was a Chamorro businessman who founded over 30 different companies during his lifetime, including Joeten Enterprises.
History
Born to Juan Pangelinan Tenorio and Francisca Taimanao Camacho Tenorio, who both had died by the time Jose reached the age of twelve. Jose and his siblings were raised from that point by his oldest brother, who was 21 at the time.
Joeten graduated from Japanese elementary school at the age of 13 and then attended a night school. Later, the University of Guam awarded Joeten with an honorary doctorate.
In 1946 Joeten married Soledad Duenas Takai "Daidai". They would have six children. In 1947, Jose started a beer and soft drinks business using $200 of personal savings. Two years later, Joeten and his wife Soledad sold their house to convert a dentist office into a grocery store which would continue to expand and become the conglomerate Joeten Enterprises.
In the years 1950 and 1951, Joeten and his wife moved to Guam in response to a job offer from the Island Trading Group. During this time, Joeten gained more knowledge of operating a business enterprise and became an American citizen.
In 1977 he ran for Governor of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands but lost to Carlos S. Camacho by 129 votes. During this time he also underwent open-heart surgery.
Joeten died from internal bleeding while on a Continental Micronesia flight from Honolulu to Guam in November 1993. At this time he had 29 grandchildren.
References
1923 births
1993 deaths
Chamorro people
People from Saipan
Northern Mariana Islands businesspeople
Deaths from bleeding | {'title': 'Jose Camacho Tenorio', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose%20Camacho%20Tenorio', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
North Dublin (otherwise known as North County Dublin), a division of County Dublin, is a former parliamentary constituency which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1922. From 1918 to 1921, it was also used as a constituency for Dáil Éireann. From the dissolution of 1922, the area was not represented in the UK Parliament.
Boundaries
This constituency comprised the northern and western parts of County Dublin.
From 1885 to 1918, it was defined as:
It was bounded by South Meath to the north-west, North Kildare to the south-west, West Wicklow and East Wicklow to the south, the city of Dublin, South Dublin and the sea to the east. It comprised the polling districts of Stepaside, Rathfarnham, Tallaght, Rathcoole, Blanchardstown, Lucan, Kilmainham, Drumcondra, Coolock, Howth, Swords, Naul, Balbriggan, Skerries, Lusk, Rush, Malahide, and Clontarf.
In 1900, the boundaries of the city of Dublin were extended to include areas such as Kilmainham and Clontarf. These areas were transferred to city constituencies in 1918.
From 1918 to 1922, North Dublin was defined as:
History
Prior to the 1885 general election, the county was the undivided two-member Dublin County constituency. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the county was divided into two single-member divisions of North Dublin and South Dublin. Under the Redistribution of Seats (Ireland) Act 1918, the parliamentary representation of the administrative county was increased from two to four divisions. South Dublin was extended to the west, with the creation of two new divisions of Pembroke and Rathmines.
At the 1918 general election, Sinn Féin issued an election manifesto in which it called for a "establishment of a constituent assembly comprising persons chosen by Irish constituencies". After the election, Sinn Féin invited all those elected for Irish constistuencies to sit as members of Dáil Éireann, termed Teachta Dála (or TD, known in English as a Deputy). In practice, only those elected for Sinn Féin attended. This included Frank Lawless, elected for North Dublin.
Under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, the area was combined with the Pembroke, Rathmines and South Dublin Divisions to form Dublin County, a 6-seat constituency for the Southern Ireland House of Commons and a two-seat constituency at Westminster. Sinn Féin treated the 1921 election for the Southern Ireland House of Commons as part of the election to the Second Dáil. The six seats were won uncontested by Sinn Féin. Lawless was one of the six TDs for Dublin County.
Under s. 1(4) of the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922, no writ was to be issued "for a constituency in Ireland other than a constituency in Northern Ireland". Therefore, no vote was held in Dublin County at the 1922 United Kingdom general election on 15 November 1922, shortly before the Irish Free State left the United Kingdom on 6 December 1922.
Members of Parliament
Elections
Elections in the 1880s
Elections in the 1890s
Elections in the 1900s
Elections in the 1910s
Notes, citations and sources
Citations
External links
Dáil Éireann Members Database Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas
Dublin Historic Maps: Parliamentary & Dail Constituencies 1780–1969 (a work in progress)
Westminster constituencies in County Dublin (historic)
Dáil constituencies in County Dublin (historic)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1885
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1922 | {'title': 'North Dublin (UK Parliament constituency)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Dublin%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Eddie Locke (August 2, 1930 – September 7, 2009) was an American jazz drummer.
Eddie Locke was a part of the fertile and vibrant Detroit jazz scene during the 1940s and 1950s, which brought forth many great musicians including the Jones brothers (Hank, Thad, and Elvin), Kenny Burrell, Lucky Thompson, Tommy Flanagan, Barry Harris, and so many others. He eventually formed a variety act with drummer Oliver Jackson called Bop & Locke which played the Apollo Theater. He moved to New York City in 1954, and worked there with Dick Wellstood, Tony Parenti, Red Allen, Willie "The Lion" Smith, and Teddy Wilson amongst others. During this time he came under the tutelage of the great Jo Jones, and eventually became known as a driving and swinging drummer who kept solid time and supported the soloist. During the late 1950s he formed two of his most fruitful musical relationships, one with Roy Eldridge, and the other with Coleman Hawkins. His recording debut came with Eldridge in 1959 on "On The Town". He later became a member of the Coleman Hawkins Quartet in the 1960s along with pianist Tommy Flanagan and bassist Major Holley. That group made many fine records including the exquisite album "Today and Now", in 1963. Throughout the 1970s, he played with Roy Eldridge at Jimmy Ryan's in Manhattan, and wound out his career freelancing, as well as teaching youngsters at the Trevor Day School on Manhattan's upper west side.
Eddie died on Monday morning, September 7, 2009, in Ramsey, New Jersey.
Locke appears in the photograph A Great Day in Harlem- first row standing, third from the left. (not including the leg sticking into the frame)
Discography
As leader
1977: Jivin' With the Refugees from Hastings Street (Chiaroscuro Records) with Tommy Flanagan, Major Holley, Oliver Jackson
1978: Eddie Locke and Friends (Storyville Records)
As sideman
With Ray Bryant
Little Susie (Columbia, 1960)
With Kenny Burrell
Bluesy Burrell (Moodsville, 1962) – with Coleman Hawkins
With Roy Eldridge
Swingin' on the Town (Verve, 1960)
Happy Time (Pablo, 1975)
What It's All About (Pablo, 1976)
With Sir Roland Hanna
Dream (Venus 2001)
With Coleman Hawkins
Good Old Broadway (Moodsville, 1962)
The Jazz Version of No Strings (Moodsville, 1962)
Hawkins! Eldridge! Hodges! Alive! At the Village Gate! (Verve, 1962) with Roy Eldridge and Johnny Hodges
Hawkins! Alive! At the Village Gate (Verve, 1962)
Coleman Hawkins Plays Make Someone Happy from Do Re Mi (Moodsville, 1962)
Desafinado (Impulse!, 1962)
Today and Now (Impulse!, 1962)
Wrapped Tight (Impulse!, 1965)
Sirius (Pablo, 1966 [1974])
With Lee Konitz
Chicago 'n All That Jazz (Groove Merchant, 1975)
References
External links
Scott Yanow, [ Eddie Locke] at Allmusic
Finding aid to Eddie Locke Photographs of Jazz Musicians at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
American jazz drummers
Musicians from Detroit
1930 births
2009 deaths
Chiaroscuro Records artists
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
Jazz musicians from Michigan
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Statesmen of Jazz members | {'title': 'Eddie Locke', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie%20Locke', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Joseph A. "Lonny" Bereal is an American R&B singer, songwriter and producer. He is also a member of Flipmode Squad with other rappers such as Busta Rhymes, Spliff Star and Reek da Villian.
Career
Bereal is the cousin of songwriter and producers Charles and Kenneth Bereal. Having started off as a drummer, Bereal got his first break as a background vocalist for John P. Kee, K-Ci & JoJo and Kelly Rowland. He began collaborating as a writer with singer Tank and has since worked as a songwriter and vocal producer with several artists like Chris Brown, Jamie Foxx, Snoop Dogg, Keri Hilson, and Keyshia Cole. In 2007, his credit on Tank's single "Please Don't Go" earned Bereal an ASCAP Award and a Grammy Award nomination. In 2010, he was nominated again for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song for his contribution on Pleasure P's single "Under".
Bereal became part of the Notifi Music Group, a St. Louis based independent label, in early 2011. His debut album The Love Train includes contributions by Busta Rhymes, Trey Songz, Tank, Chris Brown, and Johnta Austin. The album's first single "Favor", a collaboration with singer Kelly Rowland, was released in May 2011.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
References
External links
Official website
21st-century African-American male singers
American contemporary R&B singers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Lonny Bereal', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonny%20Bereal', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Highway 53 (AR 53, Ark. 53, and Hwy. 53) is a designation for two north–south state highways in Southwest Arkansas, United States. One route of begins at the Louisiana state line and runs north to US Highway 371 (US 371) south of Prescott. A second route of begins at Highway 24 and runs north through Gurdon to Highway 8. Both routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).
Route description
Louisiana to US 371
Highway 24 to Highway 8
History
Highway 53 was created during the 1926 Arkansas state highway numbering as a route between State Road 24 in eastern Nevada County and Gurdon. The route was extended from Gurdon north to Holly Grove on July 10, 1957, adding . Six years later, Highway 53 was extended from Holly Grove north to Hollywood, creating a new overlap with Highway 51, on April 24, 1963. The highway was extended north for the last time from Hollywood to Highway 8 on June 23, 1965.
Between September 1929 and March 1930, a second segment between and Bodcaw and State Road 19 (now US 371) was added to the state highway system. The route was extended south from Bodcaw to Falcon on July 10, 1957, and extended south to US 82 at Buckner on April 24, 1963. A third section of Highway 53 was created in Lafayette County between the Louisiana state line and McKamie on March 7, 1961. The gap between the two southern routes was closed two years later when Highway 53 was extended north from McKamie to US 82 Truck in Stamps on June 23, 1965.
Major intersections
See also
Notes
References
External links
053
Transportation in Clark County, Arkansas
Transportation in Lafayette County, Arkansas
Transportation in Nevada County, Arkansas | {'title': 'Arkansas Highway 53', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Highway%2053', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Eirik Kvalfoss (born 25 December 1959) is a Norwegian retired biathlete.
Life and career
He won three medals during the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo: gold in the 10 km sprint, silver in relay and bronze in the 20 km individual. In total Kvalfoss won 11 individual Olympic and World Championship medals between 1982–1991, as well as several relay medals. He was awarded Morgenbladets Gullmedalje in 1983.
Kvalfoss did his higher education at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.
Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.
Olympic Games
3 medals (1 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze)
World Championships
13 medals (3 gold, 5 silver, 5 bronze)
*During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
**Team was added as an event in 1989.
Individual victories
14 victories (4 In, 10 Sp)
*Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
People from Voss
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences alumni
Norwegian male biathletes
Biathletes at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes of Norway
Medalists at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in biathlon
Olympic bronze medalists for Norway
Olympic silver medalists for Norway
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Biathlon World Championships medalists
Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners
Sportspeople from Vestland | {'title': 'Eirik Kvalfoss', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirik%20Kvalfoss', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Inez Whipple Wilder (May 19, 1871 – April 29, 1929), born Inez Luanne Whipple, was an American herpetologist and anatomist, affiliated with Smith College from 1902 until her death. She made notable contributions to the study of fingerprints and the biology of salamanders.
Early life and education
Wilder was born on May 19, 1871 at Diamond Hill, Cumberland, Rhode Island, the third and youngest child of parents Eliab Daniel and Sarah Whipple (née Wheaton). She graduated from Rhode Island Normal School (now Rhode Island College) in 1890, and earned a Ph.B. at Brown University in 1900. She then taught at Rhode Island Normal School and Northampton High School until joining the faculty of Smith College in 1902 as instructor of zoology. She earned her M.A. from Smith College in 1904, and became associate professor in 1914 and full professor in 1922.
Career
In 1904 Inez published an influential study on the skin of mammalian palms and feet, describing how embryonic pads influence later ridges and patterns, now known as an important early contribution to dermatoglyphics, the study of fingerprints. Her paper, entitled "The Ventral Surface of the Mammalian Chiridium: With Special Reference to the Conditions Found in Man", summarized all prior knowledge of the field of genetics and dermatoglyphics, and was the most significant study of ridges in non-human animals of its time. At the time she was a research assistant of Harris Hawthorne Wilder, and on July 26, 1906 the two were married in Boston. Harris Wilder published widely on anatomy, genetics, and anthropology, and the two were known as the most prominent American researchers of fingerprint morphology of the early 20th century. Inez' 1914 book Laboratory Studies in Mammalian Anatomy was widely used, and a second edition was published in 1923.
The Wilders also assembled what was at the time the most active research program in salamander biology in the world, later joined by Emmett R. Dunn. While Harris and Inez both studied salamanders, they worked independently and never published together. Inez was the first to name and describe the function of nasolabial grooves, olfactory structures found plethodontid salamanders (also known as lungless salamanders). Later, with Dunn she proposed an explanation for the evolutionary loss of lungs in plethodontids (a trait which her husband had discovered). She studied the salamanders Desmognathus fuscus and Eurycea bislineata in depth, and published in total 13 papers on salamander biology. In 1925 she published The Morphology of Amphibian Metamorphosis, a book in which she describes the comparative biology of D. fuscus, E. bislineata, and the newt Notophthalmus viridescens.
Later life
Her husband died in February, 1928, after which she became chair of the Smith College Department of Zoology. After a long illness, Inez Wilder died at Northampton on April 29, 1929, aged 57. Shortly before her death she completed editing her husband's autobiography. Wilder House, a residential house at Smith College, was named in honor of her and her husband in 1930. She is also commemorated in the name of the Blue Ridge two-lined salamander, Eurycea wilderae.
Books
Laboratory Studies in Mammalian Anatomy, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1914
The Morphology of Amphibian Metamorphosis, Smith College, 1925
Editor: The Early Years of a Zoölogist: The Story of a New England Boyhood, Smith College, 1930
References
External links
Works by Inez Whipple Wilder at HathiTrust
Inez Whipple Wilder Papers at the Smith College Archives, Smith College Special Collections
1871 births
1929 deaths
20th-century American zoologists
20th-century American women scientists
American herpetologists
Smith College alumni
Smith College faculty
Rhode Island College alumni
Brown University alumni
Women herpetologists
People from Cumberland, Rhode Island
American women academics
American women biologists | {'title': 'Inez Whipple Wilder', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inez%20Whipple%20Wilder', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Dick Lee Hess (September 12, 1938 – September 6, 2013) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 78th District and was elected in 1986. He was also the Republican chairman of the House Transportation Committee. Hess served until his death on September 6, 2013.
Career
Prior to being elected to the General Assembly in 1986, Hess served for 15 years as Bedford County’s Prothonotary and Clerk of Courts. He began his career in public service in 1964 as chief clerk to the Bedford County Commissioners, a position he held for seven and a half years.
Personal
When not in Harrisburg, Hess was active in his district as a member of the Bedford County Memorial Hospital Board of Trustees, the University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown Advisory Board, Bedford United Methodist Church Finance Committee, and the Broad Top Home Nursing Advisory Board.
A 1958 graduate of Saxton Liberty High School, Hess resided in Bedford with his wife of 48 years. The couple has one son, Jeff, daughter in law Lizette and three grandchildren, Erika, Zachary and Haden.
Hess died on September 6, 2013, from complications following leg surgery.
References
External links
Representative Hess' official web site
Pennsylvania House profile
1938 births
2013 deaths
Politicians from Pittsburgh
Pennsylvania prothonotaries
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
People from Bedford County, Pennsylvania
21st-century American politicians
American United Methodists
20th-century Methodists | {'title': 'Dick Hess', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Hess', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Lucretia and her Husband Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus or Tarquin and Lucretia is an oil painting attributed to Titian, dated to around 1515 and now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. The attribution to this artist is traditional but uncertain - the brightened palette suggests it could instead be by Palma Vecchio. However, others identify the painting as part of Titian's series of half-length female figures from 1514 to 1515, which also includes the Flora at the Uffizi, the Woman with a Mirror at the Louvre, the Violante and the Young woman in a black dress in Vienna, Vanity in Munich and the Salome at the Galleria Doria Pamphilj. There is an early copy in the Royal Collection.
Lucretia poised with a dagger, about to commit suicide, was becoming a very common subject in art. However, the addition of a male figure just behind her is all but unique. The Kunsthistorisches Museum now calls this figure Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, Lucretia's husband, but the Royal Collection identifies him as her rapist, Sextus Tarquinius (known as Tarquin), as do most sources. Her husband was present at her death, according to most of the differing Roman accounts of the story, and Tarquin was not. If the figure is intended to be Tarquin, the setting must be the night before, with Lucretia perhaps making her plan.
The painting depicts Lucretia about to commit suicide to preserve her honour after disclosing her rape by Sextus Tarquinius the previous night, making her the model of Roman female virtus. Her face looks up to the divine illumination coming from above, giving her the strength to commit the act. As in other treatments of the subject, there are sensual elements, such as Lucretia's falling robe and almost-bared breast. The robe's green is particularly bright, witnessing to the high quality of pigments available in Venice.
The painting can be seen as one of a number of Venetian paintings of the 1510s showing two or three half-length figures with heads close together, often with their expressions and interactions enigmatic. Most of these are "Giorgionesque" genre or tronie subjects where the subjects are anonymous.
The painting in Vienna, or the other version still in the Royal Collection, may be the painting mentioned by Ridolfi in 1648 as being in the gallery of Charles I of England, whose Italian paintings mainly came from his purchase of the Gonzaga collection in Mantua. The Vienna version might have passed to the collection of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria.
Titian's better known late depiction of Lucretia's rape by Tarquin was completed over 50 years later, in 1571 (Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge).
Notes
References
1515 paintings
Mythological paintings by Titian
Paintings in the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum
Paintings about suicide
Gonzaga art collection
Paintings of Lucretia | {'title': 'Lucretia and her Husband', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucretia%20and%20her%20Husband', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The SZD-59 Acro is a single-seat glass composite glider for aerobatics and cross-country flying by PZL Allstar of Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
The SZD-59 can be flown with a 13.2m span or a 15.0m span. Attaching or detaching the wing-tips takes only a few minutes. With 15m wing-tips it is a competitive Club Class glider, while it is a competitive aerobatic glider in the 13.2m configuration.
Design and certification
The SZD-59 Acro was derived from the SZD-48-3 Jantar Standard 3 in 1990–91 mainly by Jan Knapik. The fuselage is only a slightly modified version of the one used in the Jantar Standard 3. However, the T-tail has been replaced by a cross-tail with larger rudder and the elevator of the SZD-42-2 Jantar 2.
The design life is 15,000 hours, though at present it is approved for only 4,000 hours of operation. In 15m configuration, the SZD-59 is approved in the utility category of JAR 22 (sailplanes) of the Joint Aviation Authorities, and in the 13.2m configuration it is approved according to the aerobatics category of JAR 22.
Manufacturer
The prototype was first demonstrated during the 1991 FAI World Glider Aerobatic Championships in Zielona Góra. Twelve Acros were built by PZL-Bielsko until the production stopped in 1996 due to economic problems.
Allstar PZL Glider Sp. z o.o. in Bielsko-Biała (Poland) restarted production of the SZD-59 Acros in 2004. Currently, it is the only unlimited glider in serial production.
Soaring
With a handicap factor of 100, according to the 2008 handicap list of the Deutscher Aero Club e.V., the SZD-59 in 15m-configuration is a typical Club Class glider. With 15m wing-tips with or without winglets glide performance can be enhanced by increasing its wing loading with up to 150 litres of water ballast, but water ballast is not allowed in the 13.2m configuration.
Aerobatics
In the 13.2m configuration, the SZD-59 is certified for unlimited aerobatics, whereas with the 15m wing-tips only basic aerobatic maneuvers (looping, turn, chandelle, spin) are permitted.
While international aerobatic championships in the unlimited category are dominated by Swift S-1 and MDM-1 Fox, pilots have competed successfully with SZD-59 Acros in national and regional championships. Recently, Wolfgang Kasper placed 4th in the German Nationals 2008.
Specifications in utility configuration
Maneuver speed: 200 km/h
Water ballast: 150l
Wing loading range: 31.00-50.70 kg/m2
* at 540 kg
** at 97 km/h
Specifications in aerobatic configuration
Maneuver speed: 200 km/h
Water ballast: 0l
Wing loading range: 33.7-38.8 kg/m2
* at 380 kg
** at 80 km/h
See also
Comparable aerobatic gliders
The aerobatic performance of the SZD-59 13.2m is comparable to:
Celair GA-1 Celstar
MDM-1 Fox and Solo-Fox
Swift S-1
Cirrus K
Start & Flug H101 Salto
Vogt Lo-100
Gliders with comparable cross-country performance
The soaring performance of the SZD-59 15m is comparable to Schleicher ASW 19, Glaser-Dirks DG-100, Rolladen-Schneider LS1f, Glasflügel H206 Hornet, PZL Bialsko Jantar Standard, Grob G102 Standard Astir, Bölkow Phöbus B3, Schempp-Hirth Cirrus/Cirrus VTC 17,74m, Schempp-Hirth Standard Cirrus 16m, Bölkow Phöbus C1, Akaflieg Darmstadt D37, Akaflieg Braunschweig SB 7, Neukom Elfe 17m, Standard Libelle 17m and the Delphin 1 by Fritz Mahrer.
References
1990s Polish sailplanes
SZD59
Aircraft first flown in 1991
Glider aircraft
SZD aircraft | {'title': 'Allstar SZD-59', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allstar%20SZD-59', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Susan Griffin (born January 26, 1943) is a radical feminist philosopher, essayist and playwright particularly known for her innovative, hybrid-form ecofeminist works.
Life
Griffin was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1943 and has resided in California since then. Following her father's death when she was 16, she bounced around the family but was eventually taken into the home and family of noted artist Morton Dimondstein. Her biological family were of Irish, Scottish, Welsh and German ancestry. Having spent a year in a post-War Jewish home, her German heritage wasn't openly spoken of and she initially demonized Germans, but later made several trips to Germany (including to the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp) to reconcile her Jewish and German heritages. She attended the University of California, Berkeley for two years, then transferred to San Francisco State College, where she received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Creative Writing (1965) and her Master of Arts degree (1973), both degrees under the tutelage of Kay Boyle. She has taught as an adjunct professor at UC Berkeley as well as at Stanford University and California Institute of Integral Studies. Griffin has taught at the California Institute for Integral Studies, Pacifica Graduate Institute, the Wright Institute, and the University of California.
She currently lives in Berkeley, California. Griffin's papers are located at the Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, at Harvard University.
Work
Griffin has written 21 books, including works of nonfiction, poetry, anthologies, plays, and a screenplay. Her work has been translated into over 12 languages. Griffin describes her work as "draw[ing] connections between the destruction of nature, the diminishment of women and racism, and trac[ing] the causes of war to denial in both private and public life."
"Rape: The All-American Crime" (1971), an article published in Ramparts, was one of the first publications about rape from a feminist perspective.
Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her (1978) has sold more than 100,000 copies, and draws connections between ecological destruction, sexism, and racism. Considered a form of prose-poetry, this work is believed to have launched ecofeminism in the United States. Griffin attributes her connection to ecofeminism to her upbringing along the Pacific Coast, which she believes cultivated her awareness of ecology.
Griffin articulated her anti-pornography feminism in Pornography and Silence: Culture's Revenge Against Nature (1981). In this work she makes the case that although the pursuit of freedom of speech, could lead to a position against the censorship of pornography, in the case of pornography the freedom to create pornography leads to a compromise of "human liberation" when this term includes liberation for all of humankind including the emancipation of women. She argues against the elision of pornography and eros, arguing that they are separate and opposing ideas. According to Griffin, pornography's origins are rooted in a widespread fear of nature, and in a pornographic culture, men are told to take on the role of the "Killer", while women become the "victims". This, according to Griffin, teaches women to self-deprecate, and fuels an unhealthy, perverted culture.
In contrast, Griffin argues that "real sexual liberation requires a reconciliation with nature, a healing between body and spirit". Critics largely responded to Pornography and Culture with contempt, many complaining that it came off as more of a rant than realistic philosophical discussion.
Awards
Griffin has received a MacArthur grant for Peace and International Cooperation, NEA and Guggenheim Foundation fellowships, and an Emmy Award for the play Voices. She is featured in the 2014 feminist history film She's Beautiful When She's Angry. She was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 1993 for A Chorus of Stones: The Private Life of War.
Criticism
Many critics praise Griffin's blunt takes and insights to the role of feminism in every major issue today, while others have criticized her writings for being too convoluted or ranting. Largely, reviews for Griffin's work take opposing views on the intertwining and complicated connections she suggests between the woman and larger worldly issues such as war, disease, pornography, and nature itself. These webs are mirrored in her unique writing style which critics have reflected upon extensively.
In a 1994 review by Carol H. Cantrell, Griffins' Woman and Nature is dubbed "hard to describe. Most of it looks like prose on the page but the thought is fragmented, metaphorical, and discontinuous; there are plenty of stories, but they too are often elliptical and metaphorical." In a review of What Her Body Thought: A Journey into the Shadows, Susan Dion of The Women's Review of Books wrote, "...Griffin is not merely reiterating old themes in feminist scholarship or the history of medicine; rather, she probes, ponders, and suggests different ways of considering many interrelated issues...Griffin's musings and hypotheses are fresh, smart, and instructive, if not always convincing."
Published works
Woman and Nature: the Roaring Inside Her (1978) Ecofeminist treatise (1st Edition, has since been reprinted)
Rape: The Power of Consciousness (1979) OCLC 781089176
Pornography and Silence: Culture's Revenge Against Nature (1981) OCLC 964062418
"Sadomasochism and the erosion of self: a critical reading of Story of O," in Against Sadomasochism: A Radical Feminist Analysis, ed. Robin Ruth Linden (East Palo Alto, Calif. : Frog in the Well, 1982.), pp. 183–201
Unremembered Country: poems (Copper Canyon Press, 1987) OCLC 16905255
A Chorus of Stones: the Private Life of War (1993) Psychological aspects of violence, war, womanhood OCLC 1005479046
The Eros of Everyday Life: Essays on Ecology, Gender and Society (1995) OCLC 924501690
Bending Home: Selected New Poems, 1967-1998 (Copper Canyon Press, 1998) OCLC 245705378
What Her Body Thought: a Journey into the Shadows (1999)
The Book of the Courtesans: a Catalogue of Their Virtues (2001)
Wrestling with the Angel of Democracy: On Being an American Citizen (2008)
Transforming Terror: Remembering the Soul of the World, co-edited with Karen Lofthus Carrington (University of California Press, 2011)
References
External links
Poetry Foundation Biography
Susan Griffin's reading lectures, RealAudio
Papers of Susan Griffin, 1914-2015 (inclusive), 1943-2015 (bulk): A Finding Aid. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
1943 births
American people of German descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Scottish descent
American people of Welsh descent
American feminist writers
Jewish anti-racism activists
Jewish feminists
Anti-pornography feminists
Ecofeminists
Emmy Award winners
Jewish American writers
Jewish poets
American lesbian writers
Living people
Writers from Los Angeles
Lesbian feminists
American women poets
LGBT Jews
American LGBT dramatists and playwrights
American women essayists
Radical feminists
American LGBT poets
American women dramatists and playwrights
Writers from Berkeley, California
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American women writers | {'title': 'Susan Griffin', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Griffin', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Max Wolff (6 May 1844 – 25 June 1923) was a German physician who was a native of Potsdam.
He studied medicine in Berlin, where he was a student of Rudolf Virchow. Following graduation in 1866, he became an assistant at the clinic of internal medicine at Rostock. From 1875 to 1882 he worked at the University of Berlin policlinic, and in 1900 became head of the policlinic for lung diseases. In 1890 he earned the title of associate professor in Berlin.
Wolff is remembered for his work with surgeon James Adolf Israel (1848–1926) involving the isolation of Actinomyces and research involving the etiology of actinomycosis.
Selected publications
Über Addison'sche Krankheit (About Addison's disease), 1869.
Operative Behandlung von Unterleibsechinococcen (Operative treatment of abdomen echinococcus), 1870.
Über entzündliche Veränderungen innerer Organe nach experimentell bei Thieren erzeugten käsigen Herden (On inflammatory changes of inner organs following the experimental induction of caseating granulomas in animals), Virchow's Archiv LXVII.
Zur Bacterienfrage bei accidentellen Wundkrankheiten (On the spread of bacteria in accidental wounds), Virchow's Archiv LXXXI.
Eine weitverbreitete thierische Mykose (A widespread animal mycosis), Virchow's Archiv LXXXII.
Über Desinfection durch Temperaturerhöhung (About disinfection during temperature increase), Virchow's Archiv CII.
Die Localisation des Giftes in den Miesmuscheln (Localization of poison in mussels), Virchow's Archiv CIII.
Die Ausdehnung des Gebietes der giftigen Miesmuscheln und der sonstigen giftigen Seethiere in Wilhelmshaven (Extension of the territory of toxic mussels and other toxic sea creatures in Wilhelmshaven), Virchow's Archiv CIV.
Über das erneute Vorkommen von giftigen Miesmuscheln in Wilhelmshaven (On the re-occurrence of toxic mussels in Wilhelmshaven), Virchow's Archiv CX.
Über Vererbung von Infectionskrankheiten (Inheritance of infectious diseases), Virchow's Archiv CXII.
Über Vaccination neugeborener Kinder (Vaccination of newborn children), Virchow's Archiv CXVII.
Über Reincultur des Actinomyces und seine Übertragbarkeit auf Thiere (About pure culture of actinomyces and its transferability to animals), Virchow's Archiv CXXVI.
Zur Actinomyces-Frage (On the question of actinomyces), Virchow's Archiv CLI.
Zur Prophylaxe der venerischen Krankheiten (Regarding prophylaxis of venereal disease), 1893.
Die Nierenresection und ihre Folgen (Of kidney resection and its consequences), 1900.
References
Zeno.org translated biography @ Pagel: Biographical Dictionary
German pulmonologists
People from Potsdam
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
1844 births
1923 deaths | {'title': 'Max Wolff (physician)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Wolff%20%28physician%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Kurt Krumpholz is a former American swimmer. He represented the United States at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships in Belgrad, where he won two medals. At the 1972 U.S. Olympic Team Trials, Krumpholz set the world record in the prelims of the 400-meter freestyle. However, in the final, Krumpholz placed sixth, not making the Olympic team. The following year, Krumpholz won a gold medal in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay and a silver medal in the 200-meter freestyle at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships. His gold in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay came in world record time. Krumpholz was initially a water polo player for UCLA and only swam to stay in shape. Before his world record swim, Krumpholz swam the event only three times. Krumpholz's son, J. W. Krumpholz, is a water polo player and Olympic silver medallist from the 2008 Summer Olympics.
See also
List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (men)
World record progression 400 metres freestyle
World record progression 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay
References
Living people
American male freestyle swimmers
World record setters in swimming
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Year of birth missing (living people) | {'title': 'Kurt Krumpholz', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt%20Krumpholz', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Dizengoff Street bus bombing was a Hamas suicide attack on a passenger bus driving down Dizengoff Street in Tel Aviv in 1994. At that time, it was the deadliest suicide bombing in Israeli history, and the first successful attack in Tel Aviv. 22 civilians were killed and 50 were injured. The attack was planned by Hamas chief Yahya Ayyash, on the eve of the signing of the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace.
Background
Yahya Ayyash was disappointed that the previous attack he orchestrated, the Hadera central station suicide bombing, had killed six Israelis. The bomb used in that attack had been small and made of acetone peroxide, a relatively weak explosive. For the attack on bus five, Ayyash constructed a bomb using an Egyptian land mine packed with twenty kilograms of military-strength TNT, surrounded by nails and screws. TNT is not readily available in the Palestinian territories, but Hamas had managed to acquire some by smuggling it in or purchasing it from Israeli organized crime. The device "was one of the best ever built by Ayyash."
Qalqilya resident Saleh Abdel Rahim al-Souwi was selected for the attack. Al-Souwi joined Hamas after his older brother Hasin was killed in 1989, in a shootout with Israeli forces. Al-Souwi was wanted by the Israeli Shabak, but was not considered a high priority. The day before the attack, al-Souwi taped a statement saying "It is good to die as a martyr for Allah" and "Sages end up in paradise".
Attack
Muatab Mukadi, a member of Ayyash's Samaria battalion (of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades), drove al-Souwi to one of the bus's first stops. al-Souwi chose an aisle seat on the left side of the bus, and placed the bomb (stored in a brown bag) at his feet.
At approximately 9:00 AM, as the bus was slowing down for a stop 100 metres north of Dizengoff Square, al-Souwi detonated the bomb killing 21 Israelis and one Dutch national. The powerful explosion lifted the bus off its chassis and the heat melted the fiberglass bus frame.
Limbs were projected like missiles into the seating area of nearby restaurants.
Following the explosion, a crowd of demonstrators descended on the bomb site chanting "Death to the Arabs". "Police arrested scores of Arab suspects in and around the blast area, though most of them were detained to save them from the crowd's anger."
Aftermath
At the time of the attack, it was the deadliest in Israeli history. However, subsequent bombings have been even more devastating, among them the Jaffa Road bus bombings, the Passover suicide bombing, and the Shmuel Hanavi bus bombing.
Yitzhak Rabin, then Israel's Prime Minister, who was in the United Kingdom on a state visit, immediately returned to Israel. Ayyash's name and pictures of the demolished bus were featured in newspapers around the world.
Israeli police quickly identified al-Souwi as the perpetrator. The day after the bombing, with his identify confirmed using DNA, al-Souwi's family threw a neighborhood party celebrating his "martyrdom." That afternoon, the Israel Security Agency (ISA) destroyed the house, after giving the family one hour to remove their possessions.
References
Further reading
Explosions in 1994
1994 in Israel
Mass murder in 1994
Hamas suicide bombings of buses
Terrorist incidents in Tel Aviv
Islamic terrorist incidents in 1994
Islamic terrorism in Israel
Terrorist incidents in Israel in 1994
1994 murders in Israel
1990s in Tel Aviv | {'title': 'Dizengoff Street bus bombing', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizengoff%20Street%20bus%20bombing', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Happy Forest is a symphonic poem by Arnold Bax. It was composed as a piano piece in 1914, and orchestrated in 1922. The inspiration for the work was a story of the same name by Herbert Farjeon, a rural idyll with mythical figures delighting the observer. Bax's treatment is an evocation of the mood of the story rather than a programmatic depiction of the incidents.
History
Bax's brother Clifford was editor of a quarterly magazine, Orpheus, to which the author Herbert Farjeon, better known as a writer of revue sketches and light verse, contributed. Farjeon's short story – he called it a "prose-poem" – "The Happy Forest", was described as a "Nature Poem" and depicted an idyllic rustic scene populated by galant shepherds and a satyr. It inspired Bax to compose a piano piece with the same title. Completed in May 1914, it was dedicated to Farjeon.
After the First World War, Bax orchestrated the piece. His biographer Lewis Foreman comments that neither the serene rural scene nor the music Bax wrote for it could have been conceived after the collective experience of the war, and that Bax, in orchestrating the piece was "revisiting a world beyond recall". The orchestral version was dedicated to and first conducted by Eugene Goossens. The premiere was given at the Queen's Hall in London on 3 July 1923. The piece was given by Sir Henry Wood at the Proms in 1925.
Structure
The opening is marked "Vivacious and fantastic", and features muted horns and harp, playing at a moderate tempo at first, but the music quickly gathers momentum. It takes the form of a scherzo and trio, the lyricism of the latter contrasting with the ebullience of the outer sections. The critic in The Manchester Guardian commented that the score was "so packed with interesting detail that the effect of the whole is at first apt to escape the listener." The Times observed that the piece is "an affair of colour and movement, yet it is no ordinary spring idyll, but something fantastic… an appropriate setting for a German fairy tale in which the trees are alive and anything might happen". Although the score has many programmatic touches relating to Farjeon's text, Foreman writes that enjoyment of the piece does not require any knowledge of them by the listener. The work is primarily an evocation of the mood of the story rather than a programmatic representation of the plot.
Recordings
The Happy Forest was not recorded in the composer's lifetime. The first recording was made for RCA Victor by the London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Edward Downes, in 1969. The Bax discography, compiled by Graham Parlett, has details of four subsequent recordings.
Notes
Symphonic poems by Arnold Bax
1914 compositions
1922 compositions | {'title': 'The Happy Forest', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Happy%20Forest', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
City of Derry Rugby Football Club is a rugby club, formed in 1881 in Derry, Northern Ireland. They currently play in the Ulster Rugby Championship Division 1 after relegation from Division 2C of the All-Ireland League in 2022.
The club's purpose-built facility is at Craig Thompson Stadium, situated just outside Strathfoyle. The stadium itself is named after the YouTuber of the same name, known as Mini Ladd, who sponsored the club in November 2017. The sponsorship ended on 1 July 2020 after sexual misconduct allegations toward Thompson.
History
The club was established in 1881, winning the Irish Provincial Towns Cup in the following season.
In December 2001, the club was involved in a controversial appeal, involving a £4,000 fine and the deduction of 8 points after fielding an ineligible player. This resulted in the club being relegated from the AIB Division Two. In March 2007 the club hosted a youth project that saw 13 different primary schools compete. Following relegation, the club appointed New Zealander Bevan Lynch in June 2008 as head coach. He set about improving the club's fortunes and has introduced a number of new faces. The club were unbeaten in all competitions in the 2008 – 2009 season. In the following 2009–2010 season they won the All Ireland junior Cup, the Ulster Qualifying League and were promoted back into the All Ireland League. The club also has under 19, under 17, under 15 and under 13 teams, a thriving mini and ladies sections
Honours
Ulster Senior Cup: 1
1999–2000
Ulster Senior League: 1
1999–2000
Ulster Towns Cup: 12
1882–83, 1888–89, 1890–91, 1891–92, 1892–93, 1896–97, 1897–98, 1907–08, 1934–35, 1935–36, 2008–09, 2012–13 (Shared with Ballyclare)
Ulster Junior Cup: 3
1897–98, 1945–46, 2008–09
Notable players
Ireland
The following City of Derry players have represented Ireland at full international level.
Alexander Foster
Noel Henderson
Gerald Glynn Allen
Charles Elliott Allen
Ken Goodall
British and Irish Lions
The following City of Derry players have also represented the British and Irish Lions.
Alexander Foster: 1910
Noel Henderson: 1950
Ken Goodall: 1968
AIB Junior Cup
In January 2010, City of Derry beat Armagh by 2 points to win their first ever AIB Junior Cup title.
References and Footnotes
External links
City of Derry RFC
Summer Rugby Scheme, in association with CODRFC
Information on Napit
Rugby union clubs in Northern Ireland
Rugby clubs established in 1881
Sport in Derry (city)
Senior Irish rugby clubs (Ulster)
1881 establishments in Ireland
Rugby union clubs in County Londonderry
Derry (city) | {'title': 'City of Derry R.F.C.', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20of%20Derry%20R.F.C.', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Odd Lindbäck-Larsen (21 April 1897 – 18 August 1975) was a Norwegian military officer and war historian. He participated in the Norwegian Campaign in Northern Norway during the Second World War as the chief-of-staff, under general Fleischer. He spent most of the war in Norwegian and German concentration camps. He continued his military career after the war, eventually with the rank of major general and military attaché in Stockholm. He wrote several books on Norwegian military history.
Early and personal life
Lindbäck-Larsen was born in Kristiania as the son of Ludvig Martinius Larsen and Fanny Olivia Lindbäck. He graduated from Oslo Cathedral School in 1915, from the Norwegian Military Academy in 1918, and from the Norwegian Military College in 1921. He was a candidate at the general staff () from 1922 to 1926, and adjoint from 1929 to 1933. He resided in Finland for the purpose of studies in 1926, and in Germany in 1933. He married telegraph operator Dagny Kaspara Lund on 25 July 1927. His son, Tore Lindbekk (born 1933), is a sociologist and politician.
Career
Pre-war
Lindbäck-Larsen was a military attaché in Helsinki from 1934 to 1936. From 1936 he was the chief-of-staff of the 6th Division in Northern Norway.
Second World War
Norwegian Campaign and aftermath
Lindbäck-Larsen participated in the Norwegian Campaign in Northern Norway during the Second World War as the chief-of-staff and right-hand man of General Carl Gustav Fleischer, the commander of the 6th Division. Following the conclusion of the campaign on 10 June 1940 and the departure to exile in the United Kingdom of General Carl Gustav Fleischer, Lindbäck-Larsen became the military chief-of-staff of Finnmark County Governor Hans Gabrielsen. In this respect Lindbäck-Larsen commanded a Norwegian border guard force of two infantry battalions and an artillery battery. The border forces had been allowed by the Germans in the capitulation agreement to remain stationed in Eastern Finnmark as a safe-guard against the Soviet Union after the Norwegian capitulation. Plans were made by General Otto Ruge to use the 1,600–1,700 men strong border guard to rebuild a Norwegian elite army in Finnmark, outside of German control. The border guard was however ordered to be dissolved by the Germans in July 1940.
Imprisonment
Lindbäck-Larsen was arrested by the Germans in November 1940 and incarcerated for the rest of the war, first at Møllergata 19 prison, then at Grini concentration camp, and finally at Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Germany. Lindbäck-Larsen was never convicted of anything and was referred to by the Germans as Reichskommissar Josef Terboven's personal prisoner, the two having clashed before Lindbäck-Larsen's arrest.
Post-war
After the war he continued his military career. From 1946 to 1952 he was in charge of Agder Infantry Regiment. From 1952 he held the rank of Major General and was the commander-in-chief of District Command North Norway. From 1958 to 1962 he was a military attaché in Stockholm. He was decorated Commander with Star of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1958. He was also awarded the St. Olav's Medal With Oak Branch and made a Commander of the Swedish Order of the Sword and an Officier of the Légion d'honneur. He wrote several books, including a book on military psychology (), about the Norwegian Army in 1814 (), and a book on the Norwegian Campaign in 1940 ().
He died in Oslo in August 1975.
Selected works
References
1897 births
1975 deaths
Writers from Oslo
People educated at Oslo Cathedral School
Norwegian Military Academy alumni
Norwegian expatriates in Finland
Norwegian expatriates in Germany
Norwegian expatriates in Sweden
Norwegian Army personnel of World War II
Norwegian Army generals
Grini concentration camp survivors
Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors
Norwegian World War II memoirists
20th-century Norwegian historians
Norwegian military attachés
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal with Oak Branch
Commanders of the Order of the Sword | {'title': 'Odd Lindbäck-Larsen', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd%20Lindb%C3%A4ck-Larsen', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
is a Burmese singer. He is the lead vocalist of PrizmaX, a J-pop idol boy band. He has appeared in films and television dramas in Japan and Myanmar, as well as in the American film Ready Player One (2018).
Early life and education
Morisaki was born Win Kyaw Htoo (ဝင်းကျော်ထူး), nicknamed Ah Win, to Burmese parents in Yangon, Myanmar. His parents worked abroad in Japan during his early childhood and he lived in Myanmar with his grandmother until the age of ten, when he moved to Japan to join his parents. Morisaki was scouted at the age of 14 to join the entertainment industry.
Career
In 2008, Morisaki joined J-pop idol boy band PrizmaX, managed by Stardust Promotion. In August 2010, he became a member of NAKED BOYZ together with other PrizmaX members (except Tsubasa Shimada), but withdrew at the end of the year. Morisaki made his film debut in the Yutaka Ozaki film Sherry in 2012. He was selected as the first radio personality at FM Yokohama in April 2015.
Morisaki made his Hollywood debut in Steven Spielberg's Ready Player One (2018) as Daito.
Morisaki played a small supporting role alongside Wutt Hmone Shwe Yi in a Burmese-language film, Zati Myay (ဇာတိမြေ), directed by Kyi Phyu Shin. He received 'Popular awards' from Shwe FM's 8th Anniversary on October 1, 2017.
In August 2018, he was appointed a Myanmar tourism ambassador.
In 2022, Morisaki served as the performer for the TV Asahi tokusatsu series Avataro Sentai Donbrothers with the songs “Ore koso Only One” (Opening theme) and “Don't Boo! Donbrothers“ (Ending theme).
Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Dubbing
Cats, Mr. Mistoffelees (Laurie Davidson)
Awards
References
External links
PrizmaX A GoGo
1990 births
Living people
Japanese male pop singers
21st-century Japanese male actors
Burmese emigrants to Japan
People from Yangon
Burmese male actors
21st-century Burmese male singers
21st-century Japanese male singers
21st-century Japanese singers
Burmese-language singers
Japanese-language singers | {'title': 'Win Morisaki', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win%20Morisaki', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Thomas Joannes Stieltjes (, 29 December 1856 – 31 December 1894) was a Dutch mathematician. He was a pioneer in the field of moment problems and contributed to the study of continued fractions. The Thomas Stieltjes Institute for Mathematics at Leiden University, dissolved in 2011, was named after him, as is the Riemann–Stieltjes integral.
Biography
Stieltjes was born in Zwolle on 29 December 1856. His father (who had the same first names) was a civil engineer and politician. Stieltjes Sr. was responsible for the construction of various harbours around Rotterdam, and also seated in the Dutch parliament. Stieltjes Jr. went to university at the Polytechnical School in Delft in 1873. Instead of attending lectures, he spent his student years reading the works of Gauss and Jacobi — the consequence of this being he failed his examinations. There were 2 further failures (in 1875 and 1876), and his father despaired. His father was friends with H. G. van de Sande Bakhuyzen (who was the director of Leiden University), and Stieltjes Jr. was able to get a job as an assistant at Leiden Observatory.
Soon afterwards, Stieltjes began a correspondence with Charles Hermite which lasted for the rest of his life. He originally wrote to Hermite concerning celestial mechanics, but the subject quickly turned to mathematics and he began to devote his spare time to mathematical research.
The director of Leiden Observatory, van de Sande-Bakhuyzen, responded quickly to Stieltjes' request on 1 January 1883 to stop his observational work to allow him to work more on mathematical topics. In 1883, he also married Elizabeth Intveld in May. She also encouraged him to move from astronomy to mathematics. And in September, Stieltjes was asked to substitute at University of Delft for F.J. van den Berg. From then until December of that year, he lectured on analytical geometry and on descriptive geometry. He resigned his post at the observatory at the end of that year.
In 1884, Stieltjes applied for a chair in Groningen. He was initially accepted, but in the end turned down by the Department of Education, since he lacked the required diplomas. In 1884, Hermite and professor David Bierens de Haan arranged for an honorary doctorate to be granted to Stieltjes by Leiden University, enabling him to become a professor. In 1885, he was appointed as member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, KNAW), the next year he became foreign member. In 1889, he was appointed professor of differential and integral calculus at Toulouse University.
Research
Stieltjes worked on almost all branches of analysis, continued fractions and number theory, and for his work, he is sometimes called "the father of the analytic theory of continued fractions".
His work is also seen as important as a first step towards the theory of Hilbert spaces. Other important contributions to mathematics that he made involved discontinuous functions and divergent series, differential equations, interpolation, the gamma function and elliptic functions. He became known internationally because of the Riemann–Stieltjes integral.
Awards
Stieltjes' work on continued fractions earned him the Ormoy Prize of the Académie des Sciences.
See also
Chebyshev–Markov–Stieltjes inequalities
Lebesgue–Stieltjes integral
Laplace–Stieltjes transform
Riemann–Stieltjes integral
Heine–Stieltjes polynomials
Stieltjes–Wigert polynomials
Stieltjes polynomials
Stieltjes constants
Stieltjes matrix
Stieltjes moment problem
Stieltjes transformation (and Stieltjes inversion formula)
Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de Toulouse co-founded by Stieltjes
Montel's theorem
References
External links
Œuvres complètes de Thomas Jan Stieltjes, pub. par les soins de la Société mathématique d'Amsterdam. (Groningen: P. Noordhoff, 1914–18) (PDF copy at UMDL, text in Dutch, French and German)
1856 births
1894 deaths
French mathematicians
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Zwolle
19th-century Dutch scientists
19th-century Dutch mathematicians | {'title': 'Thomas Joannes Stieltjes', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Joannes%20Stieltjes', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Hollyoaks is a British television soap opera that was first broadcast on 23 October 1995. The following is a list of characters that have appeared or will appear in the serial in 2018, by order of first appearance. All characters were introduced by executive producer, Bryan Kirkwood. The first characters to be introduced were Scarlett Morgan (Susie Amy) and Oliver Morgan (Aedan Duckworth/Gabriel Clark), the estranged wife and son of Luke Morgan (Gary Lucy). Buster Smith (Nathan Sussex), the father of Damon Kinsella (Jacob Roberts), was also introduced in January. Theo Jones (Matt Kennard), the brother of Milo Entwistle (Nathan Morris), Harley Frater (Mollie Lambert), the homeless friend of Peri Lomax (Ruby O'Donnell), and Josh Bradley (Rupert Hill), the son of Ben Bradley (Ben Richards), made their debut in April. Breda McQueen (Moya Brady) and Sylver McQueen (David Tag), the mother and brother of Goldie McQueen (Chelsee Healey), and Kameela (Anu Hasan), the sister of Misbah Maalik (Harvey Virdi), first appeared in June.
July features the arrivals of Donna-Marie Quinn (Lucy-Jo Hudson), her son, Romeo (Owen Warner), Brooke Hathaway (Tylan Grant), a foster child for the Osborne family, and Asha Kaur (Rukku Nahar), the sister of Neeta Kaur (Amrit Maghera), as well as the appearance of Kashif Maalik (Nitin Patel). Martine Deveraux (Kéllé Bryan), the sister of Simone Loveday (Jacqueline Boatswain), debuts in October. Three characters were introduced in November: Laurie Shelby (Kyle Pryor), the husband of Sinead O'Connor (Stephanie Davis), Juliet Quinn (Niamh Blackshaw), Donna-Marie's daughter, and Jonny Baxter (Ray Quinn), a radicalist who befriends Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson). Simone and Martine's father, Walter Deveraux (Trevor A. Toussaint), joins the soap in December. Additionally, multiple other characters appear throughout the year.
Scarlett Morgan
Scarlett Morgan, played by Susie Amy, made her first appearance on 19 January 2018. Amy's casting was announced on 20 October 2017, with further details about her character, including her name, announced on 6 December 2017. Scarlett is Luke Morgan's (Gary Lucy) estranged wife, who left him because of his drinking problems. The character is first mentioned in October 2017 and it is revealed that Scarlett left Luke after he struggled with alcoholism and became erratic. Scarlett made her last appearance on 18 April 2018. In February 2022, it was confirmed that Amy would be reprising her role as Scarlett as part of an "explosive" guest return.
Luke prepares to marry Mandy Richardson (Sarah Jayne Dunn) and asks lawyer Sami Maalik (Rishi Nair) to track down Scarlett so they can arrange a divorce. Scarlett appears in the village in the days before Luke and Mandy's wedding. Luke tries to stall the wedding after learning about Scarlett's appearance. Scarlett tries to ruin the wedding but her and Luke's son, Oliver Morgan (Aedan Duckworth), arrives and reveals to Mandy that he is Luke's son and that Luke and Scarlett are married. After the wedding, Scarlett leaves but returns when Oliver runs away to the village. She is shocked to discover that Oliver wants to stay with Luke and leaves the village.
Oliver Morgan
Oliver Morgan made his first screen appearance on 22 January 2018. The character had previously been mentioned on-screen, but Aedan Duckworth's casting in the role was announced on 6 December 2017. Oliver is Luke Morgan (Gary Lucy) and Scarlett Morgan's (Susie Amy) son. Details of why Oliver comes to the village were not immediately released, but Daniel Kilkely of Digital Spy reported that "with Oliver now a teenager, he's sure to want answers from his dad." Of his casting, Duckworth said: "I started two weeks ago and it was in at the deep end – I had to spend my whole second day crying! It has been fantastic working with Gary Lucy and Susie Amy and I am looking forward getting to work with more of the cast and settling in properly next year." Duckworth vacated the role in 2020 and the character was recast with Gabriel Clark, who debuted in November 2020.
It was announced on 25 March 2018 that Oliver would feature in a sexual abuse storyline with his football coach, Buster Smith (Nathan Sussex). The storyline, which was billed as "an emotional and challenging story", began in April when Oliver confides in Buster over his home life. Hollyoaks worked with the Survivors Manchester charity for the storyline. Charity founder Duncan Craig described the subject as "so topical and relevant" and "hugely important". He stated that the storyline would focus on details of grooming and Oliver's struggle to tell someone about the issue. Duckworth took support from the charity and Lucy while filming the storyline and felt honoured to be handed the story. Duckworth and executive producer Bryan Kirkwood hoped that the storyline would encourage others to seek support. Kirkwood also wanted to encourage parents to speak to their children about topics like this and commented, "We are in a unique position of being able to talk to a bright and engaged audience about important issues without lecturing them."
For his portrayl of Oliver, Duckworth was nominated for Best Soap Newcomer at the 2018 Digital Spy Reader Awards; he came in fourth place with 9.4% of the total votes. The following year, Duckworth received his first National Television Awards nomination in the Newcomer category for his portrayal of Oliver.
Oliver first appears when he crashes his dad Luke Morgan's (Gary Lucy) wedding to Mandy Richardson (Sarah Jayne Dunn) and reveals that he is Luke's son and that Luke is still married to Scarlett Morgan (Susie Amy), who was Luke's previous wife and Oliver's mother. Oliver and Luke bond after the wedding. The following day, Oliver appears at Luke's house and asks to stay with him. Luke agrees and is surprised to discover that Oliver has run away from Scarlett. When Scarlett returns and tries to take Oliver back to their home, Oliver insists to Scarlett that he wants to remain with Luke so Scarlett tearfully leaves the village. Oliver joins the football academy run by Buster Smith (Nathan Sussex) a former football champion player from back in the day from when he was much younger back then. Over the next few weeks, Oliver becomes closer to Buster confiding in him over situations in his home life such as his discovery that his father had been raped when he was younger after being told this by friend and also a member of Buster's football academy Imran Maalik (Ijaz Rana). Oliver has also been confiding in Buster and putting all of his trust in him such as telling Buster about his biological dad and new stepmum Mandy always arguing day in and day out and his dad turning back to the drink again after being an alcoholic before.
It is revealed on-screen that Buster is a paedophile who groomed and sexually abused his son Damon Kinsella's (Jacob Roberts) best friend, Brody Hudson (Adam Woodward), when he was an underage teenager. After Oliver is injured while playing a game of football with Buster outside of the Bean Cafe, Buster takes him back to the changing rooms at the football academy and begins massaging his leg while also staring at Oliver lustfully. A few weeks later, when Oliver and Buster are alone together in the changing rooms at the football academy, Buster is telling Oliver about his potential when Oliver's leg injury comes back and Buster tells him to lie down on the bench so he can then properly examine it and shuts the door behind them. Oliver then runs out of the changing rooms scared and confused, and although it is not specified on screen, it is implied that Buster has touched Oliver inappropriately. Oliver becomes traumatised but because of Luke's continued drinking, he feels that he cannot tell anyone so quits the football team instead but is convinced to re-join the football team again by Luke. Buster begins manipulating Oliver by telling him that he must prove to him of how much that he truly wants to be back on the football team again.
Oliver meets autistic teenager Brooke Hathaway (Tylan Grant) and develops an instant attraction with the two hitting it off at the Bean. Brooke later comes to watch Oliver play but after he underperforms, Buster takes him to the changing rooms at the football academy to berate him for being distracted today. He puts his hand on Oliver's knee inappropriately, which is witnessed secretly by Brooke. Oliver feels uncomfortable with Buster doing this to him and he rushes out of the football academy to get away from Buster. Oliver and Mandy run into Brooke the next day with Nancy Osborne (Jessica Fox) and Mandy teases that Oliver likes Brooke. Brooke then responds that Oliver is gay, as they have misinterpreted what they saw between Buster and Oliver, with Brooke unaware that Buster is actually grooming Oliver. Oliver then shouts at Brooke causing them to have a breakdown after Oliver leaves. When he returns home, Mandy tries to get Oliver to open up to her but before he can say anything, they are interrupted by a drunken Luke. Oliver starts berating his father and stepmother before storming out of the house upset. Oliver then talks to Buster alone in the football academy changing rooms as he didn't know who else to turn to. Buster then manipulates the vulnerable teen by saying to Oliver that he can make him a star footballer with Buster's coaching skills as long as he does everything that he's told. He then places his hand on Oliver's knee inappropriately once again. He then asks Oliver if he understands or not. Oliver then tells him that he does understand before Buster shuts the door behind them to continue his abuse of Oliver. Buster gives Oliver a mobile phone and tells Oliver to text him at any time about anything. Buster then tells him not to tell anyone else about it and Oliver agrees.
As Buster's sexual abuse continues, Oliver confesses to Scott Drinkwell (Ross Adams) that he is confused about his sexuality. He tells Scott that he knows that he likes girls but he also thinks that he might be gay and has been aggressively trying to pursue Brooke in order to cover it up. Scott is sympathetic with him and encourages him to talk to Luke about it. Oliver is unable to go through with it and accidentally tells Luke that Scott has been harassing him instead. After Luke confronts Scott, Luke warns him to stay away from his teenage son for now on with him thinking that Scott is being inappropriate with him due to Oliver being underage. Oliver tries to apologise to Scott but when Scott tells him that he has to deal with his sexuality rather than ignore it though, Oliver is homophobic towards Scott and runs away. Buster lies to Oliver by telling him that Scott has agreed to let Oliver be the poster boy for the Bean. Buster takes several intimate photographs of Oliver when they're alone together at the football academy changing rooms, which he later confesses to Luke. As Luke is drunk at the time, Oliver makes him promise to wait until he is sober before confronting Buster. The next morning, Luke cannot remember what Oliver had said to him. Buster later convinces Oliver that telling Luke anything will put unnecessary pressure on his dad, so Oliver agrees to keep quiet but later steals a bottle of wine and begins drinking in secret. Brody later convinces Oliver to report Buster to the police and he is arrested. Buster pleads not guilty at the hearing. During Buster's trial, Oliver is ripped to pieces by Buster's defence team and because of this, he agrees that Brooke would not be able to cope giving evidence. Imran reveals that Buster attempted to sexually assault him in Barcelona, shocking everybody. Buster is found guilty and is sentenced to six years in prison. Oliver and Brooke begin dating after almost sharing a kiss. Brooke becomes pregnant and whilst Oliver is excited, Brooke does not feel ready so they arrange for the baby's adoption. Brooke later gives birth to a son, Thierry.
After confronting Buster, Ollie abruptly leaves the village, leaving a note for Luke and Cindy. Ollie returns, played by Gabriel Clark, suffering from a ketamine addiction and subsequently has sex with Juliet, resulting in him and Brooke ending their relationship. His addiction leads him to steal from his family and friends and eventually to the apparent death of Sid Sumner (Billy Price). Following Sid's death, Ollie becomes homeless and selle drugs for Victor Brothers (Benjamin O'Mahony). Ollie and Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson) work together to bring down Victor, resulting in a showdown between Ollie and Victor where Ste fakes his death and Victor is arrested. Ollie then becomes homeless again and goes missing. Luke finds him on his 18th birthday, living in a garden centre. In a special mental health episode, Ollie and Luke have a heart to heart which results in Ollie deciding to go to a rehab centre. On the scenes, Clark commented that he "felt really pleased when I read the script and saw how it was being approached. The format of a continuing drama means that we've been able to gradually, and responsibly, build to this story over months of episodes and it means so much to me to be able to tell it." At the end of the week, Ollie leaves the village for rehab. Clark confirmed his return to the show, saying "the next time you see Ollie after this week you’re definitely in for a surprise!" He said he "would really like to explore Ollie’s love life and also explore what direction he wants to take his future in."
Two years later, Clark confirmed that he would be leaving Hollyoaks, with his final scenes airing on 8 July 2022. Leaving the soap made him sad but he was excited to pursue new projects, specifically in theatre. He likened his own feelings to those of Ollie's, and explained: "I feel like Ollie does when he steps into that cab: optimistic, nervous, and excited – knowing I've made the right decision but not sure where the future is going to take me. But whatever happens, I'm going to embrace it like he would, with a big smile on my face, hope in my heart, and the love of all of those people from Hollyoaks. That will always be with me, wherever I go."
Buster Smith
Buster Smith, played by Nathan Sussex, made his first screen appearance on 29 January 2018. The character and Sussex's casting details were announced on 23 January 2018. Buster is the father of Damon Kinsella (Jacob Roberts) and arrives following the death of his former wife and Damon's mother, Maggie Kinsella (Michelle Holmes). Buster is described as "quite a charming character", who gets along with everyone. Roberts said that Buster enjoys "a laugh and a joke". Roberts expressed his delight at the expansion of his on-screen family and praised Sussex, commenting, "He's already part of the Hollyoaks family!"
Damon, Scott Drinkwell (Ross Adams) and Brody Hudson (Adam Woodward) call a number on Maggie's bucket list and are shocked when Buster answers and walks into The Dog in the Pond pub. Buster is estranged from Damon following Maggie throwing him out for adultery and then his decision to concentrate on his professional football career rather than his family. On Buster and Damon's relationship, Sussex said, "there is an instant connection there between father and son." Damon knows very little about his father and the lack of contact between them has made Damon believe that Buster does not care for him.
It was announced on 25 March 2018 that Buster would feature in a sexual abuse storyline with his football student, Oliver Morgan (Aedan Duckworth). The storyline, which is billed as "an emotional and challenging story", begins in April when Oliver confides in Buster over his home life. Hollyoaks worked with the Survivors Manchester charity for the storyline. Charity founder Duncan Craig described the subject as "so topical and relevant" and "hugely important". He stated that the storyline would focus on details of grooming and Oliver's struggle to tell someone about the issue. Executive producer Bryan Kirkwood hoped that the storyline would encourage others to seek support. He also wanted to encourage parents to speak to their children about topics like this and commented, "We are in a unique position of being able to talk to a bright and engaged audience about important issues without lecturing them."
Buster first arrives in the village shortly after the death of his ex-wife, Maggie, to see their son, Damon. Maggie had thrown Buster out after his numerous affairs and he missed out on most of Damon's life. Damon's girlfriend, Holly Cunningham (Amanda Clapham), convinces Damon to give his father a chance and they agree to re-build their father-son relationship. Damon's longtime best friend, Brody, is not happy to see Buster and it's clear that there is bad blood between them. Buster begins dating Marnie Nightingale (Lysette Anthony) and moves into the flat above The Dog in the Pond public house with her, her children Alfie (Richard Linnell) and Ellie (Sophie Porley), as well as Damon and Brody. Buster decides to set up his own football academy for teenagers. Many local kids, including Oliver and Imran Maalik (Ijaz Rana), sign up. Oliver confides in Buster about how difficult his home life is due to his father, Luke Morgan (Gary Lucy), having a drinking problem and constantly arguing with his wife, Mandy (Sarah Jayne Dunn). Buster tells Oliver he can trust him with anything. Brody confides in Oliver's mother, Scarlett Morgan (Susie Amy), that someone he trusted abused him when he was young and it is obvious he is referring to Buster. It becomes clear then that Buster is not just being friendly to Oliver — he is grooming him so he can sexually abuse him.
As part of his grooming, Buster gives Oliver special attention and makes him team captain. One day, Buster is giving Oliver a sports massage and sexually abuses him for the first time. Oliver is upset after the incident, but Buster convinces him that he misinterpreted what happened. Buster abuses Oliver again under the guise of a massage, which causes Oliver to quit the team. Buster convinces Oliver to rejoin the team and continues to abuse him. Buster has Oliver pose for photos without his clothes on. Luke discovers the photos and when he asks Oliver about them, he points the finger at Scott. Brody suspects Buster is the real culprit and confronts him about abusing him as a child. It comes out that Maggie found out about Buster abusing Brody and that is actually why she threw him out. Oliver tells the police it was actually Buster who abused him and he is arrested. In January 2019, Buster was found guilty, he was sentenced six years in prison for abusing Oliver. He appears again in September 2020, when Brody and Ollie visit him in the hopes of receiving an apology; however, Buster refuses to apologise and stands by his actions.
Theo Jones
Theo Jones, played by Matt Kennard, made his first on-screen appearance on 13 April 2018. The character was announced on 3 April 2018, while the casting details were confirmed on 6 April 2018. It was initially reported that Theo has a connection to established character, Milo Entwistle (Nathan Morris). On 10 April 2018, it was confirmed that Theo and Milo are brothers. Kennard describes Theo as a bad character, calling him "a bitter, seemingly irredeemable bully." He stated that Theo is a womaniser who only cares about himself. However, he explained that Theo's personality is due to recent events in his life.
Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy said that Milo would be "a little bit rattled" by Theo's arrival. He reported that despite Milo receiving a phone call from Theo and arranging to meet him, Theo would first appear when he meets Cindy Cunningham (Stephanie Waring) at The Loft nightclub. Kennard stated that Theo flirts with Cindy because he noticed her first, otherwise he suspected that he could have flirted with Cindy's daughter, Holly Cunningham (Amanda Clapham). Kennard admitted that Theo grows to enjoy Cindy's company. He added, "any beautiful woman offering something to Theo will make do in the short-term."
When Theo meets with Milo, he orders money from Milo in exchange for his silence about Milo killing Cindy's parents. Kennard explained that Theo is in need of money and decides to "callously take advantage of Milo's vulnerable situation". Theo decides to stay with Milo because he realises that Milo is "his best bet in the immediate circumstances". Milo is scared of Theo because he knows about his secret. On Theo's feelings towards Milo, Kennard explained, "Theo holds a raw and irrational hatred for Milo, and feels Milo owes him more than he can ever actually give." Theo made his last appearance on 15 May 2018.
Harley Frater
Harley Frater, played by Mollie Lambert, made her first on screen appearance on 16 April 2018. The character and Lambert's casting details were announced on 10 April 2018. Harley is a homeless girl who is introduced as part of Peri Lomax's (Ruby O'Donnell) homelessness storyline. She is billed as courageous and daring and in "desperate need of some home comforts". Hollyoaks worked with homeless charities Centrepoint and The Whitechapel Centre for Harley and Peri's storyline. Lambert looked forward to joining the show and called it an honour to work with the charities. She hoped that the storyline would help to raise awareness for homelessness.
Kilkelly of Digital Spy reported that Harley arrives after learning that Peri's mother, Leela Lomax (Kirsty-Leigh Porter), is offering a £5,000 reward for information on Peri's location. Harley takes advantage of Leela, but Leela's boyfriend, Louis Loveday (Karl Collins) is suspicious of her and does not believe that she has information about Peri. Harley features in a special episode focusing on Peri's homelessness, broadcast in April 2018. It emerges that during her time on the streets, Peri met Harley and homeless man, Dean (Alfie Kingsnorth). O'Donnell felt fortunate to work on the storyline. Centrepoint's head of public affairs Paul Noblet said that the homelessness storyline reflects the reality of homelessness for many young people.
Kilkelly's colleague, Sophie Dainty, was positive about the storyline and the special episode, commenting, "the storyline [...] sensitively explored the shocking, harrowing and brutally harsh realities of sleeping rough." She understood the lack of options for Harley and sympathised with the character and the struggles of homelessness. Dainty praised Lambert and Kingsnorth for their supporting roles in the episode. She concluded that the special episode was "unflinching, unglamorous, and thoroughly thought-provoking" and provided a brilliant representation of homelessness not previously portrayed in soap operas.
On 9 March 2019, it was confirmed that Lambert would be departing the series after a year. Harley's exit is first broadcast on 11 March and sees her depart at the conclusion of her polyamorous relationship with Peri and Tom Cunningham (Ellis Hollins). Lambert expressed her gratitude for the role of Harley and on Harley's departure, she commented, "You didn’t honestly think she’d settle down did you? She’s a free spirit".
Harley introduces herself as Peri's friend to Leela. Leela takes her to her house and gives her food and drink as she is hungry. When Louis questions Harley's motives, Leela reveals that she is going to help her find Peri. They don't find Peri so Louis convinces Leela that Harley is conning her. Harley then steals Leela's purse and runs; Louis catches her and reclaims the purse. Leela decides not to call the police and lets Harley leave. Harley meets with Peri.
She had a polyamarous relationship with Peri and Tom until Peri leaves the relationship. She left Hollyoaks in 2019 to start a new life. She didn't mention where, she just said that she wants to save the Orangutangs.
Josh Bradley
Josh Bradley, played by Rupert Hill, made his first on screen appearance on 25 April 2018. The character and casting was announced on 24 April 2018, but had been hinted at in previous episodes. Josh is the son of former character Ben Bradley (Ben Richards), and meets with Sienna Blake (Anna Passey) in The Hutch when she seeks his father's help in her ongoing stalker ordeal. Josh is filled with resentment towards Sienna, because of Ben being sent to jail after Sienna's daughter, Nico Blake (Persephone Swales-Dawson) killed Trevor Royle (Greg Wood). Josh made his last appearance on 22 June 2018.
When Sienna smells gas, Josh opens the windows and implores Sienna to take her young son Sebastian Blake out of the flat. He later phones the emergency services. After the gas issue is resolved, Josh tells Sienna that he still cannot stand the sight of her. Josh later informs Joel Dexter (Rory Douglas-Speed), Myra McQueen (Nicole Barber-Lane), Maxine Minniver (Nikki Sanderson) and Grace Black (Tamara Wall) that Sienna has died after being stabbed by Nico. Josh tells Myra and Joel that they plan to use Sienna's funeral to catch Nico. It is revealed that Sienna isn't dead and is working with Josh to catch Nico. Josh later arrests Sienna after she admits to killing Nico.
Breda McQueen
Breda McQueen, played by Moya Brady, made her first on screen appearance on 26 June 2018. The character was known about in casting references for Sylver McQueen (David Tag), but the character's arrival to the village and casting wasn't announced until 22 June 2018. On 6 January 2020, Breda died in the E4 spinoff series Hollyoaks Later. She was responsible for the deaths of Russ Owen, Glenn Donovan, Carl Costello, Louis Loveday, Mac Nightingale and Harry Thompson.
Breda is a cousin of Myra McQueen (Nicole Barber-Lane) and the mother of Sylver and Goldie (Chelsee Healey). Breda arrives in the village following Sylver's release from prison, and insists that Goldie give him a place to stay. However, when Goldie refuses, Breda resorts to "crafty" measures. On her character, Brady commented that she was a "strong and colourful individual" and that she didn't have "a lot of fear for authority." Brady also said that "Breda comes from the firm but fair school of motherhood," and described her as a "tigress." With Sylver having been in prison, Breda kept tabs on him, but Brady said that Breda doesn't have a favourite child and that as her character becomes more settled in the village, her love for Goldie would shine through.
Arriving in Hollyoaks to stay with the McQueens', Breda began working as a nanny for Leela Lomax (Kirsty-Leigh Porter) – but secretly agreed to "two time" Leela by working for Jack Osborne (Jimmy McKenna) too. Jack tried to cover for Breda by pretending they were in a relationship – much to Leela's amusement. Leela figured it out and allowed Breda to be nanny to both her and Jack. Eventually, Breda's friendship with Jack would turn into a real relationship.
On Mercedes McQueen (Jennifer Metcalfe) and Russ Owen's (Stuart Manning) wedding day in November 2018, it was shockingly revealed that Breda was a serial killer. Breda discovered that Russ had been unfaithful with Goldie, resulting in a pregnancy, and had pressurised her into aborting their child. Enraged, Breda murdered Russ. She was then revealed to have killed Glenn Donovan (Bob Cryer) and Carl Costello (Paul Opacic) for being "sinners" and "dead beat dads". In January 2019 Breda took revenge on Louis Loveday (Karl Collins) for cheating with three women, Leela, Simone Loveday (Jacqueline Boatswain) and Simone's sister, Martine Deveraux (Kéllé Bryan) pushing some shelving onto him as he called for a taxi to leave town. Breda moved Louis to an old pig farm once owned by her parents making out she was caring for him and took him there to recover, Louis discovered Breda was responsible for the deaths of Carl, Glenn and Russ whilst writing a letter to Simone and attempted to escape but was thwarted when Breda returned to the farm. She puts him back into bed and believes him when he says it's Leela he wants to be with, Breda makes tea and as she strips the bed Louis switches the cups which Breda notices, just then Simone arrives at the farm calling for Breda, before Louis can react Breda smothers him keeping him from shouting to Simone. Breda goes to Simone and gets a lift to the village, meanwhile, Louis escapes and Breda finds him hiding in the barn. She says she's going to make some tea but then spots the letter confessing to the murders that Louis found. Louis begs for his life but Breda kills him by bludgeoning him with a telephone. She returns to Leela telling her to move on. Later at the farm Breda burns Louis' clothes and mobile phone in a metal canister. When she leaves a mysterious hooded figure takes Louis's phone and removes the sim card. The hooded figure is later revealed as Mac Nightingale (David Easter), who begins to blackmail Breda. He orders her to murder his son James Nightingale (Gregory Finnegan), much to her reluctance. Eventually, she slips poison into his coffee, and James collapses on a park bench. She later bakes a lasagne, which Mac eats in celebration, but is stunned to realise Breda has poisoned that, too. She reveals James will be fine, and she always intended to kill Mac, who in a weakened state tries to attack her but she kills him by hitting him with the lasagne dish. In July 2019, it is revealed that it was Breda who killed Vinnie, not Sylver, as he survived the fall, but Breda finished him off, and let Sylver take the blame. Later in the month, Breda planned to kill Tony Hutchinson (Nick Pickard) after he confessed his past mistakes to her but Breda did not kill him, after learning Harry Thompson (Parry Glasspool) was going on the run. Breda fatally stabs Harry in an alleyway believing he was a bad dad for abandoning his son Isaac. Harry then died as a result of his injuries. Tony later discovers that Breda killed his son and she stabs Tony in the stomach. It was later revealed that Breda was keeping Tony prisoner at the pig farm.
In October 2019, Breda's family begin to get suspicious of where she is going all the time. Goldie learns she's going to the pig farm and Breda lies that she is mentally ill. Breda pretends to have dementia, but when Goldie finds her at the pig farm again and finds Harry's wallet there, Breda confesses to killing Harry. She blames it on her "dementia" and Goldie agrees to keep it a secret. Breda's killing spree comes to an end when Sylver, Goldie and Mercedes and John Paul McQueen (James Sutton) all find out her serial killer secret. Mercedes finds Tony at the pig farm but Breda sneaks up and attacks her, after stabbing Tony again and locking Mercedes in the cage too, which she and Tony eventually escape from. After a heated confrontation in the house, Breda shoots Sylver with a bolt gun and sets the pig farm on fire. Mercedes stops Breda from killing her and Sylver as the house burns, the two of them fight, as Breda attacks Mercedes with a shard of glass Sylver uses his last ounce of strength to stab Breda in the head with two knitting needles, killing her instantly.
Sylver McQueen
Sylver McQueen, played by David Tag, made his first on screen appearance on 27 June 2018. The character and Tag's casting details were announced on 22 May 2018. Tag previously appeared in the series as PCSO Rocco in May 2016. Sylver is a member of the established McQueen family and the half-brother of Goldie McQueen (Chelsee Healey). His backstory states that he was raised on a farm by their Catholic mother, Breda (Moya Brady), and his stepfather, Vinnie, who was abusive. He was sentenced to prison after murdering Vinnie. Sylver arrives after being released from prison and quickly clashes with Goldie. Justin Harp, reporting for Digital Spy, suggested that Sylver would have a love interest.
In a later interview, Tag said that his character was "calm in nature" until something "hits a button or triggers him off. Tag said that Sylver's time in prison has turned him into a "workout fanatic" and also made him deal quickly with any problems that he faces, saying that the "experiences have made him into quite a well-rounded person.
Sylver arrives in Hollyoaks upon his release from prison, having served eighteen years for killing his abusive stepfather, Vinnie. He is eager to reunite with his half-sister Goldie but she is reluctant to embrace because he killed her father. However she comes around after understanding that it was a case of self-defence. Sylver is shown to have a history with village resident Simone Loveday (Jacqueline Boatswain), who was the lawyer that failed to get Sylver off during his murder trial and Sylver still holds some resentment towards her.
On 12 January 2022, Sylver died following an explosion in the Pateserie, Bobby being a huge factor of his death by not telling people where he was.
Kameela
Kameela, played by Anu Hasan, made her first appearance on 29 June 2018. The character was announced on 17 June 2018. Kameela is billed as the "judgemental" sister of Misbah Maalik (Harvey Virdi) who is not afraid of "speaking her mind". Kameela arrives when she visits her family and after discovering that Misbah's underage son, Imran Maalik (Ijaz Rana), has bought alcohol, she criticises Misbah's liberalism in raising her children. Hasan pointed out that her character initially appears "extremely critical" of the family. Kameela appears again in the episode broadcast on 17 September 2018.
The character returns in March 2019 as part of a special episode focusing on radicalisation. The episode features a far-right group with an anti-Muslim agenda, and a discussion involving Kameela about the meaning of being a British Muslim. Hollyoaks worked with the charity Small Steps and the Home Office on the episode. Executive producer Bryan Kirkwood also expressed his delight about the episode. Upon her return, Kameela's characterisation has developed and she is friendlier towards the family. Hasan explained that the change in Kameela's personality occurs following a change in her personal life. The actress also commented, "Aunty Kameela still thinks she knows best and can be quite interfering and bossy, but she does it in a much nicer way."
Kashif Maalik
Kashif Maalik, played by Nitin Patel, appeared on 2 July 2018. Kashif is the husband of Misbah Maalik (Harvey Virdi) and the father of Sami Maalik (Rishi Nair), Farrah Maalik (Krupa Pattani), Yasmine Maalik (Haiesha Mistry) and Imran Maalik (Ijaz Rana). The character was referenced to by his family on multiple occasions since their arrival in 2017. In October 2017, details about the character were explored. It was established that Kashif had been charged with embezzlement and committed suicide while in prison. Nair explained that Sami believes that he is innocent, but Misbah disagrees and it creates tension between the pair. It is later revealed that James Nightingale (Gregory Finnegan) was the actual embezzler and framed Kashif.
On 29 June 2018, it was announced that Kashif would feature in a flashback episode focusing on James's backstory. The episode was previously announced on 20 June, but Kashif's appearance was not revealed until later.
In flashbacks, it is seen that Kashif was an accountant at the law firm of Forbes and Carney. He is friendly to James and helps him settle in on his first day. James embezzles money from the company under pressure from his father, Mac Nightingale (David Easter). Kashif overhears Mac belittling James and tries to comfort him. James tells Kashif to back off and has him sign a document in order to frame him for the embezzlement. Weeks later, the police come into the office and arrest Kashif.
Donna-Marie Quinn
Donna-Marie Quinn, played by Lucy-Jo Hudson, made her first on screen appearance on 2 July 2018. Hudson's casting details were announced on 5 May 2018, when it was revealed that she had been cast in a "decent part", and her character was announced on 22 May 2018. Donna-Marie is billed as a "reckless woman" with a distressing backstory, she has worked as prostitute and has issues with drug addiction. She is introduced with her teenage son, Romeo Quinn (Owen Warner). The character first appeared in flashbacks; seventeen years earlier, she was paid by Mac Nightingale (David Easter) to have sex with his sixteen-year-old son James Nightingale (Gregory Finnegan), resulting in the birth of Romeo. Hudson filmed an exit from the series in January 2019 and Donna-Marie departs the series in the episode originally broadcast on 26 April 2019. In October 2019, Hudson was spotted by paparazzi returning to the set of Hollyoaks, sparking rumours that she would reprise the role. This was confirmed by a show trailer released on 2 January 2020 and it was revealed that Hudson would appear in a stint as Donna-Marie reunites with her daughter, Juliet Quinn (Niamh Blackshaw). She returned on 16 January 2020.
After her character's backstory was revealed, Hudson confirmed that Donna-Marie and Romeo would move to Hollyoaks village after Romeo decides to search for his father. Laura-Jayne Tyler of Inside Soap predicted that Donna-Marie would create "trouble" for the Nightingale family. Hudson described Donna-Marie as "nasty" and said that "there's not a nice bit in this woman". However, she enjoyed portraying this as it is not her usual character type. She added that she found it challenging.
Donna-Marie is a drug-addicted prostitute who raised her children, Romeo and Juliet, in an unstable home. In flashbacks it is revealed, she was once paid by Mac Nightingale to have sex with his gay son, James, on his sixteenth birthday in order to "turn him straight." James got her pregnant and his mother Marnie (Lysette Anthony) paid her to have an abortion. Donna-Marie did not go through with the abortion and gave birth to Romeo. Years later, Donna-Marie blackmailed Mac and Marnie that she would tell James about Romeo unless they paid her £100,000, which they did. In the present day, Donna-Marie has been kicked out of her flat. Donna-Marie comes face-to-face with the Nightingales again. James tears into Donna-Marie for being a junkie, causing her to seek out drugs and overdose. Mac lets Donna-Marie move into Cindy Cunningham's (Stephanie Waring) house along with Romeo and Juliet. Mac and Donna-Marie switch out Cindy's bipolar medication and trick her into signing over her house to Mac. Cindy is later sectioned. When Mac threatens to throw Donna-Marie out of the house, she reveals he is Juliet's father. After Mac and Donna-Marie's misdeeds are revealed, she flees town. Some time later, James tracks Donna-Marie down and tells her that Romeo has been charged with Mac's murder, unaware that Breda McQueen (Moya Brady) is the real culprit. Donna-Marie agrees to confess to murdering Mac after James promises her she will get bail and he will give her money to start a new life. After she confesses, Donna-Marie is furious to learn James lied and she will not be granted bail. Donna-Marie is then taken away to prison.
In May 2021, scenes depict Juliet receiving texts from an unknown number. She confesses to friend Sid Sumner (Billy Price) that the texts are from Donna-Marie, but states that she wants nothing to do with her. On 25 May 2021, a Hollyoaks trailer showed Donna-Marie's return to the village.
Romeo Nightingale
Romeo Nightingale (also Quinn), played by Owen Warner, made his first on-screen appearance on 2 July 2018. The character and Warner's casting details were announced on 22 May 2018. Romeo is the son of Donna-Marie Quinn (Lucy-Jo Hudson) and uses petty crime to finance their way of life. Romeo works with Prince McQueen (Malique Thompson-Dwyer) to host "summer rave parties". Justin Harp of Digital Spy predicted that Romeo and Prince's parties would not go well. In the character's first appearance, further details about the character's backstory were revealed. It was revealed that Romeo is the product of paid sex between Donna-Marie and a sixteen-year-old James Nightingale (Gregory Finnegan). Jude Forsey portrays Romeo in a flashback appearance. For his portrayal of Romeo, Warner won the accolade for Best Soap Newcomer at the 2018 Digital Spy Reader Awards.
Romeo was raised by his drug-addicted prostitute mother, Donna-Marie. Romeo was conceived when Donna-Marie was paid by Mac Nightingale (David Easter) to sleep with his gay sixteen-year-old son, James, to "make him straight." Romeo grew up in unsafe, unstable environment and often had to shield himself and his half-sister, Juliet (Niamh Blackshaw), from Donna-Marie's clients. Romeo first appears in a flashback as a young child telling Donna-Marie he wishes he had a father. Romeo arrives in town to meet James, but then decides against it. Romeo meets Lily McQueen (Lauren McQueen) and is instantly attracted to her. Romeo goes into business promoting illegal raves with Lily's husband, Prince.
Romeo finds out James is having an affair with Harry Thompson (Parry Glasspool) and tries to blackmail Harry over it, which leads to he and James finally meeting properly. Romeo agrees to help James ruin Harry's wedding to Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson). James is heartbroken when Harry goes through with the wedding and, in a moment of vulnerability, he comes onto Romeo, who finally has to tell him he is his father. Romeo is devastated when James rejects him. Romeo declares his love for Lily, who admits she has feelings too, but she ultimately decides to stay with Prince. Romeo discovers that Prince has testicular cancer, but is refusing to tell anyone. This damages Lily and Prince's marriage and she sleeps with Romeo. Lily agrees to run away with Romeo, but then she finds out about Prince's condition and she is disgusted to learn Romeo knew about it all along.
Romeo, Donna-Marie, and Romeo's half-sister, Juliet, are invited by Mac to move into Cindy Savage's (Stephanie Waring) house. Romeo is appalled when he discovers that Donna-Marie and Mac have tampered with Cindy's bipolar disorder medication. After Mac ejects Romeo from the house, James offers to let Romeo move in with him and they start building a relationship. After finding out that James broke up with Harry to focus on him, he gives them his blessing to be together. With Prince having left town, Lily and Romeo finally become a proper couple. Prince confronts them about their affair and Lily decides she cannot be with either of them.
Mac is murdered and Romeo becomes a prime suspect. The police discover a vial of poison in Romeo's jacket, which was planted by Mac's murderer, Breda McQueen (Moya Brady). James tells Romeo he has to leave the country. Lily agrees to come with Romeo, but changes her mind after she realises she wants to be with Prince. Lily tragically dies from sepsis, devastating Romeo. Romeo is locked up for Mac's murder, but is later released when Donna-Marie is tricked by James into confessing.
Romeo tries to comfort James when he found out that Harry was murdered, but James hits Romeo. Things gets worse when James began abusing Romeo, and Romeo moved out and secretly stayed in the Maalik's empty household. He was found by Peri Lomax (Ruby O'Donnell), who threatened to tell his grandmother, Marnie Nightingale (Lysette Anthony), but Romeo confess to Peri that James hit him, and the reason why he stayed at the Maalik's.
Peri visits Romeo the next day and told him about the day she found out that her 'parents' are her grandparents, and advices Romeo to keep talking to James. Marnie later finds Romeo, when Peri told Marnie what had happened. Marnie reasons with Romeo that James had regretted for what he did and Marnie takes Romeo home, only to find James about to attack Juliet. Romeo comforts James when he, Juliet and Marnie attended to Harry's funeral.
When Juliet starts hanging out with Sid Sumner (Billy Price), the son of the Far-Right Group leader, Stuart Sumner (Chris Simmons), Romeo tells him to stay away. At Christmas Romeo and Peri set their friends Yasmine Maalik (Haiesha Mistry) and Tom Cunningham (Ellis Hollins) on a date and they both went to a Christmas party together. In 2020, Romeo meets Cher Winters (Bethannie Hare) and instantly became smitten with her. But he is shock when he learn that she's Sylver McQueen's (David Tag) long-lost daughter. He asked Cher out on a date, but she reject him, in front of Tom and Yazz. Romeo continues to pursue Cher and tries to impress her, much dismay to Sylver. Romeo gives Cher his number, but she gives it back to him, rejecting him once again.
Romeo tells Cher that he needs another job, so Cher's stepmother Mercedes McQueen (Jennifer Metcalfe) offers him a trial for a part-time job. However, Cher's aunt Goldie McQueen (Chelsee Healey) is suspicious of him and decides to challenge Romeo. Romeo takes on Goldie's challenge and completes it in the nick of time and gets offered a part-time job at The Dog. Later, Goldie sees that Romeo and Cher really like each other and recruits her fiancé Joel Dexter (Rory Douglas-Speed) to help her play matchmaker. Cher and Romeo later realise that Joel and Goldie have tried to set them up and Cher insists that her and Romeo are just friends. Upon hearing this, Goldie vows to get Romeo and Cher together. The next day, Romeo invites Cher to Imran Maalik's (Ijaz Rana) party with him. Romeo is delighted when Cher shows up and the two of them grow closer.
Brooke Hathaway
Brooke Hathaway, played by Tylan Grant, first appeared on 10 July 2018. The character and Grant's casting details were announced on 23 April 2018. Brooke is an autistic teenager who is fostered by the Osborne family and is the first fictional autistic character to be a regular character in a soap opera; Grant is also the first BAME actor to portray an autistic character in a television series. Grant told the Loose Women panel that they are different from Brooke in real life, as they have different forms of autism. They added how "exciting" it was to represent autism. Kirkwood stated that Brooke would be introduced with a secret, and it was later revealed that Brooke is the child of Fran, who murdered Becca Dean (Ali Bastian) in 2007. In July 2021, scenes of Brooke realising they are non-binary aired; actor Grant said that the storyline meant a lot to them due to being non-binary in real life. Grant also stated that they hope Brooke can act as representation for an underrepresented group of people.
For their portrayal of Brooke, Grant was nominated for Best Soap Newcomer at the 2018 Digital Spy Reader Awards; they came in eighth place with 3.9% of the total votes. In 2019, they received a nomination for Best Newcomer at the British Soap Awards, as well as a nomination for Best Young Actor at the Inside Soap Awards.
Asha Kaur
Asha Kaur, played by Rukku Nahar, made her first on screen appearance on 30 July 2018. The character and Nahar's casting details were announced on 17 July 2018 in the show's annual Summer trailer. Asha is the sister of the deceased Neeta Kaur (Amrit Maghera) who arrives to visit Neeta's partner, Hunter McQueen (Theo Graham). Nahar explained that Asha is emotionally to her sister. She explained that Asha is "slightly more naive when it comes to love, and is very impulsive and spontaneous." Sophie Dainty (Digital Spy) predicted that Asha's introduction would have "a huge impact on Hunter".
Further details about Asha's introduction were released on 27 July 2018. It was revealed that Asha would first appear when Hunter visits Neeta's murderer, Mac Nightingale (David Easter), in his care home. When Hunter sees Asha, he is shocked and believes that it is Neeta, leaving a note for her to contact him. However, when he returns home, he finds Asha and realises that it was her at the care home. Nahar explained that Asha would help Hunter through his battle with anxiety and that they would be support each other with their grief for Neeta. She added that they would "make life a lot more exciting for one another."
Asha was created following Graham's decision to quit the soap. Nahar was contracted for two months. Graham was surprised to be told that Asha would become Hunter's love interest and aid his departure. He was pleased that the characters could leave together happily. Graham expected that Asha and Hunter's relationship would work as they had good chemistry. He believed that Hunter's relationship with Asha is better for him than his relationship with Neeta. The actor commented, "I feel like he's found a balance and they could make a good go of it." The characters depart in the episode broadcast on 3 October 2018 after moving to Brighton, Asha's hometown.
Martine Deveraux
Martine Westwood (also Loveday and Deveraux), played by Kéllé Bryan, made her first on screen appearance on 8 October 2018 and her last appearance on 3 June 2022. The character and Bryan's casting details were announced on 20 September 2018. Martine is introduced as the sister of established character Simone Loveday (Jacqueline Boatswain). Executive producer Bryan Kirkwood said that there is "bristling, joyful tension" between the sisters, which he found a joy to watch. Bryan stated that Martine "says and does all of the things I would never dare to do".
Martine arrives following the return of Simone's former husband, Louis Loveday (Karl Collins), and shares a "whopping secret" with him and his partner, Leela Lomax (Kirsty-Leigh Porter). Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy reported that this would be "the beginning of the drama to come". Kirkwood confirmed that the secret would have a big effect on Simone and Louis. On Bryan's casting, Kirkwood commented, "She is a massive injection of energy into the cast and into the Loveday family." Bryan looked forward to joining the Hollyoaks cast and found playing Martine enjoyable. She added that she had been handed "diverse and thought-provoking" stories, which she likes and looks forward to filming.
In April 2021, Martine was the star of an episode that focused on the unconscious biases that she faces as a Black woman in the United Kingdom. Speaking to the Daily Mirror, Bryan expressed her gratuity to Hollyoaks for dealing with the issue appropriately and accurately. Whilst reading the episode plans, Bryan said that she connected with the writing so much that it "ignited in [her] the pain and the hatred for biases". The feelings of frustration led to her going "off-piste" and contributing to the episode herself. Bryan, a regular panellist on the ITV talk show Loose Women, talked about the episode on the show. She was asked by panellist Jane Moore if the episode was difficult to film, which she responded by saying that it was. Bryan felt she had to "park every other area of [her] life" in order to focus on the episode. She explained that the episode does not focus on people either being racist or not being racist, but the unconscious biases that lie between those mindsets. She was asked about her involvement in the episode, where she explained that executive producer Bryan Kirkwood asked for advice for the episode. The pair agreed that they did not want the episode to be subtle, and wanted to "tell the story very categorically". They felt that if they were bold with the storytelling, it would lead viewers to question their own biases and potentially "initiate social change".
Laurie Shelby
Laurie Shelby, played by Kyle Pryor, made his first on screen appearance on 8 November 2018. Pryor's casting details were announced on 7 August 2018, when it was also revealed that his character would have a connection with returning character Sinead O'Connor (Stephanie Davis). The character and further details about the role were announced on 17 September 2018 in an interview with executive producer Bryan Kirkwood. Laurie is introduced as Sinead's husband and the new deputy head teacher of Hollyoaks High School. Pryor, a British-born New Zealand actor, looked forward to working in the United Kingdom and on the soap. Kirkwood praised Pryor's acting, describing them as "remarkable".
Pryor confirmed that Laurie would be involved in an issue-based storyline, which would be one of two of the show's big storylines of 2019. He described it as "a really huge, real-life story". On 30 November 2018, it was announced that Laurie would feature in a sexual assault storyline exploring the MeToo movement. On-screen, the character meets with a woman who he sexually assaulted and has paid to sign a non-disclosure agreement, ensuring that the truth is not revealed. One month later, it was reported that Laurie's storyline would involve his colleague, Sienna Blake (Anna Passey), when he holds onto her waist for an uncomfortable amount of time. Sienna feels "unsettled" afterwards and confronts Laurie. Laurie was killed off after receiving a head injury from a police van crash. Laurie's final scenes aired on 8 August 2019.
Juliet Nightingale
Juliet Nightingale (also Quinn), played by Niamh Blackshaw, made her first appearance on 21 November 2018. Juliet is the half-sister of Romeo (Owen Warner) and the daughter of Donna-Marie (Lucy-Jo Hudson), and was brought into the soap as part of the decision to expand the Quinn family. Juliet is initially portrayed as an aggressive, harsh character, but throughout her tenure, her vulnerable and emotional personality has been explored.
Juliet's storylines in the programme have included bullying Brooke Hathaway (Tylan Grant), her relationship with Sid Sumner (Billy Price) which led to the realisation that she is a lesbian, being groomed into selling drugs and having an attraction to friend Peri Lomax (Ruby O'Donnell). For her portrayal of Juliet, Blackshaw was nominated for Best Newcomer at the 2019 Inside Soap Awards.
Jonny Baxter
Jonny Baxter, portrayed by Ray Quinn, made his first appearance on 26 November 2018. The character and Quinn's casting details were announced on 19 November 2018. Jonny is introduced as a "mysterious stranger" who befriends established character Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson) following the death of his sister. He is the new owner of local coffee shop, Esther's Magic Bean, who hires Ste to work at the shop. Quinn described Jonny as a "complex character" who is involved in "challenging" plots. The actor expressed his delight at joining the soap and working with Richardson. His final scenes aired on 19 November 2019.
It was confirmed, days later, that Jonny and Ste would be the focus on a radicalisation and far-right extremism storyline. The story sees Jonny target and groom Ste after discovering his hatred for the Maalik family, who are Muslim. Quinn explained that Jonny is sent by the radicalisation group to recruit people. He added that Ste is an ideal person to recruit since he is "very vulnerable and low on his self-esteem". Jonny then cares for Ste "emotionally and financially", growing his self-confidence with an underlying reason. Executive producer Bryan Kirkwood explained that he decided to tackle the issue after discovering how radicalisation groups work. He added that the story is "a modern story about protecting young people online". Richardson was pleased to be undertaking the storyline alongside Quinn. Quinn, Richardson and Hollyoaks storyliners and researchers worked alongside advisors and charities when creating and developing the storyline. One advisor, Jamie Bartlett, believed that it was important that extremism was explored so that the public knew how extremists operate. The charity EXIT UK agreed that it was good to highlight the taboo topic and offered support and guidance to the cast and crew.
Walter Deveraux
Walter Deveraux, portrayed by Trevor A. Toussaint, made his first appearance on 31 December 2018. The character and Toussaint's casting details were announced on 16 December 2018. Walter is introduced as the father of established characters Simone Loveday (Jacqueline Boatswain) and Martine Deveraux (Kéllé Bryan). He is billed as "stern and deeply religious". Toussaint described Walter as self-righteous, explaining that he thinks that he is "the man who does no wrong". Martine is not pleased with Walter's arrival, which creates tension in the family immediately. On his casting, Toussaint commented, "Since joining Hollyoaks, it's been a whirlwind. My feet have hardly touched the ground".
When he finds a picture of his grandson, Mitchell (Imran Adams) and Scott Drinkwell (Ross Adams), Mitchell comes out as gay, he reveals his brother, Wilfred, was gay and that killed him and expresses he cannot allow Mitchell to be gay despite Martine and Mitchell trying to reason with him. He berates Martine when she tries to stop Walter taking Mitchell to church to repent which sparks Mitchell to accept his sexuality and give his grandfather the harsh truth that he wants everyone to be like him and if not they have to go. He then kicks Mitchell out, telling him he is no longer welcome in the family home. In November 2022, in previously unannounced scenes, Toussaint made his final appearance as Walter. Of his
time on the soap, Hollyoaks said: "Thank you for bringing us Walter! So many fantastic moments, we really are going to miss you!"
Other characters
References
External links
Oliver Morgan at Channel 4.com
Buster Smith at Channel 4.com
Harley Frater at Channel 4.com
Breda McQueen at Channel 4.com
Sylver McQueen at Channel 4.com
, Hollyoaks
2018
2018 in British television | {'title': 'List of Hollyoaks characters (2018)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Hollyoaks%20characters%20%282018%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Richard Edward Tee (born Richard Edward Ten Ryk; November 24, 1943 – July 21, 1993) was an American pianist, studio musician, singer and arranger, who had several hundred studio credits and played on such notable hits as "In Your Eyes", "Slip Slidin' Away", "Just the Two of Us", "I'll Be Sweeter Tomorrow (Than I Was Today)", "Crackerbox Palace", "Tell Her About It", "Don't Give Up" and many others.
Biography
Tee was born in Brooklyn, New York to Edward James Ten Ryk (1886–1963), who was from Guyana, and Helen G. Ford Skeete Ten Ryk (1902–2000), of New York. Tee spent most of his life in Brooklyn and lived with his mother in a brownstone apartment building.
Tee graduated from The High School of Music & Art in New York City and attended the Manhattan School of Music. Though better known as a studio and session musician, Tee led a jazz ensemble, the Richard Tee Committee, and was a founding member of the band Stuff. In 1981, he played the piano and Fender Rhodes for Simon and Garfunkel's Concert in Central Park.
Tee played with a diverse range of artists during his career, including Paul Simon, Carly Simon, The Bee Gees, Barbra Streisand, Roberta Flack, Aretha Franklin, Diane Schuur, Donny Hathaway, Peter Allen, George Harrison, Diana Ross, Duane Allman, Quincy Jones, Bill Withers, Art Garfunkel, Nina Simone, Juice Newton, Billy Joel, Etta James, Grover Washington Jr., Eric Clapton, Kenny Loggins, Patti Austin, David Ruffin, Lou Rawls, Ron Carter, Peter Gabriel, George Benson, Joe Cocker, Chuck Mangione, Pino Daniele , Tim Finn, Peabo Bryson, Mariah Carey, Chaka Khan, Phoebe Snow, Doc Severinsen, Leo Sayer, Herbie Mann and countless others. He also contributed to numerous gold and platinum albums during his long career and joined Stuff led by bassist Gordon Edwards. Other members of the band included guitarist Cornell Dupree, drummer Chris Parker, and later guitarist Eric Gale and drummer Steve Gadd.
After a 16-year relationship with Eleana Steinberg Tee of Greenwich, Connecticut, the couple were married in Woodstock, New York, by New York State Supreme Court Justice Bruce Wright. The couple moved to the Chelsea Hotel in 1988, and later to Cold Spring, New York.
Tee died on July 21, 1993, in Calvary Hospital (Bronx) aged 49, after suffering from prostate cancer. He was survived by his mother Helen Ten Ryk of Brooklyn, six sons, and two stepdaughters. He is buried in the Artist Cemetery in Woodstock, New York.
Equipment
Tee used a diverse range of keyboards during his recording and touring career, notably the Hammond organ, piano, Hohner clavinet and synthesizers. His trademark sound, however, was his unique method of playing a Fender Rhodes electric piano and feeding the signal through an Electro-Harmonix Small Stone effect pedal phase shifter.
Discography
As leader
Strokin' (Tappan Zee/Columbia, 1979)
Natural Ingredients (Tappan Zee, 1980)
The Bottom Line (Electric Bird, 1985)
Inside You (Epic/Sony, 1989)
Real Time (One Voice, 1992)
The Right Stuff (P-Vine, 1993)
Real Time Live in Concert 1992 (Videoarts, 2012)
As guest
With George Benson
Tell It Like It Is (1969)
Give Me the Night (1980)
In Your Eyes (1983)
Big Boss Band (1990) with the Count Basie Orchestra
Love Remembers (1993)
With Hank Crawford
It's a Funky Thing to Do (Cotillion, 1971)
Help Me Make it Through the Night (Kudu, 1972)
We Got a Good Thing Going (Kudu, 1972)
Wildflower (Kudu, 1973)
Hank Crawford's Back (Kudu, 1976)
With Cornell Dupree
Teasin' (1974)
Coast to Coast (1988)
Can't Get Through (1991)
Child's Play (1992)
Uncle Funky (1992)
With Steve Gadd
Gadd About (1984)
The Gadd Gang (1986)
Here & Now (1988)
Live at the Bottom Line (1988)
Gadd Gang (1991)
With Stuff
Stuff (1976)
More Stuff (1977)
Stuff It (1978)
Live Stuff (1978)
Live in New York (1980)
East (1981)
Best Stuff (1981)
Stuff Live in Montreux (2008)
With Grover Washington Jr.
Inner City Blues (1971)
All the King's Horses (1972)
Soul Box – Vol. 1 & Vol. 2 (1973)
Feels So Good (1975)
Winelight (1980)
Skylarkin' (1980)
Come Morning (1981)
The Best Is Yet to Come (1982)
In Concert (1982)
Inside Moves (1984)
A House Full of Love (1986)
With others
Tune In, Turn On (1967) Benny Golson
Soul Drums (1968) Bernard Purdie
Soul Rebel (1968) Bob Marley
I Heard That (1969) Quincy Jones
Shirley Scott & the Soul Saxes (1969) Shirley Scott
Lena & Gabor (1969) Lena Horne and Gábor Szabó
Good Vibes (1969) Gary Burton
Cornucopia (1969) Dizzy Gillespie
Comment (1970) Les McCann
Live at Freddie Jett's Pied Piper (1970) Esther Phillips
Everybody's Talkin' (1970) King Curtis
Suite 16 (1970) Yusef Lateef
Boys from Dayton (1971) Snooky Young
Blacknuss (1971) Rahsaan Roland Kirk
Salt Song (1971) Stanley Turrentine
Quiet Fire (1971) Roberta Flack
Push Push (1971) Herbie Mann
Young, Gifted and Black (1972) Aretha Franklin
Chuck Rainey Coalition (1972) Chuck Rainey
Sweet Buns & Barbeque (1972) Houston Person
Soul Is... Pretty Purdie (1972) Bernard Purdie
Alone Again (Naturally) (1972) Esther Phillips
The Final Comedown (1972) Grant Green
Sweet Buns & Barbeque (1972) Houston Person
The Weapon (1973) David Newman
Blues Farm (1973) Ron Carter
Don't Mess with Mister T. (1973) Stanley Turrentine
Abandoned Luncheonette (1973) Daryl Hall & John Oates
In the Beginning (1974) Hubert Laws
I Can Stand a Little Rain (1974) Joe Cocker
Let Me in Your Life (1974) Aretha Franklin
Your Baby Is a Lady (1974) Jackie DeShannon
With Everything I Feel in Me (1974) Aretha Franklin
Continental American (1974) Peter Allen
AWB (1974) Average White Band
Journey (1974) Arif Mardin
The Disco Kid (1975) Van McCoy
Anything Goes (1975) Ron Carter
Feel Like Makin' Love (1975) Roberta Flack
Negril (1975) Eric Gale
Still Crazy After All These Years (1975) Paul Simon
Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley (1975) Robert Palmer
Jamaica Say You Will (1975) Joe Cocker
The New York Connection (1975) Tom Scott
Lost Generation (1975) Elliott Murphy
Thirty Three & 1/3 (1976) George Harrison
The Case of the 3 Sided Dream in Audio Color (1976) Rahsaan Roland Kirk
Second Childhood (1976) Phoebe Snow
Dinner Music (1976) Carla Bley
Stingray (1976) Joe Cocker
End of a Rainbow (1976) Patti Austin
The Real McCoy (1976) Van McCoy
Endless Flight (1976) Leo Sayer
Native New Yorker (1977) Odyssey
Firefly (1977) Jeremy Steig
Roots (1977) Quincy Jones
Havana Candy (1977) Patti Austin
Cissy Houston (1977) Cissy Houston
Never Letting Go (1977) Phoebe Snow
Watermark (1977) Art Garfunkel
Lady Put the Light Out (1977) Frankie Valli
Celebrate Me Home (1977) Kenny Loggins
The Stranger (1977) Billy Joel
Ringo the 4th (1977) Ringo Starr
The Atlantic Family Live in Montreaux (1977)
Multiplication (1978) Eric Gale
Phonogenic – Not Just Another Pretty Face (1978) Melanie
It Begins Again (1978) Dusty Springfield
Don't Cry Out Loud (1978) Melissa Manchester
Luxury You Can Afford (1978) Joe Cocker
Boys in the Trees (1978) Carly Simon
Deep in the Night (1978) Etta James
Intimate Strangers (1978) Tom Scott
Cheryl Lynn (1978) Cheryl Lynn
Queen of the Night (1978) Loleatta Holloway
Against the Grain (1978) Phoebe Snow
Chaka (1978) Chaka Khan
Warmer Communications (1978) Average White Band
Scratch My Back (1979) David "Fathead" Newman
Prisoner (1979) Cher
Spy (1979) Carly Simon
In Love (1979) Cheryl Lynn
La Diva (1979) Aretha Franklin
I Could Have Been a Sailor (1979) Peter Allen
Fate for Breakfast (1979) Art Garfunkel
Syreeta (1980) Syreeta Wright
Connections (1980) Richie Havens
Aretha (1980) Aretha Franklin
Guilty (1980) Barbra Streisand
Love Sensation (1980) Loleatta Holloway
What Cha' Gonna Do for Me (1981) Chaka Khan
Apple Juice (1981) Tom Scott
RIT (1981) Lee Ritenour
Living Eyes (1981) Bee Gees
Blade Runner (1982)
Heartbreaker (1982) Dionne Warwick
I'm the One (1982) Roberta Flack
Tantalizingly Hot (1982) Stephanie Mills
Quiet Lies (1982) Juice Newton
Fill Up The Night (1983) Sadao Watanabe
Hearts and Bones (1983) Paul Simon
Escapade (1983) Tim Finn
In My Life (1983) Patti Austin
An Innocent Man (1983) Billy Joel
Born to Love (1983) Peabo Bryson, Roberta Flack
Merciless (1983) Stephanie Mills
Universal Rhythm (1984) Ralph MacDonald
Watching You Watching Me (1985) Bill Withers
Ferryboat(1985) Pino Daniele
"Underground" David Bowie (1986)
So (1986) Peter Gabriel
10th Avenue (1986) Patrick Williams New York Band on "Still Crazy After All These Years"
Streamlines (1987) Tom Scott
Get Close to My Love (1987) Jennifer Holliday
Sound Investment (1987) Flip Phillips & Scott Hamilton
Red Hot Rhythm & Blues (1987) Diana Ross
At Home (1987) Janis Siegel
The Camera Never Lies (1987) Michael Franks
Close Up (1988) David Sanborn
Talkin' 'Bout You (1988) Diane Schuur
The Real Me (1988) Patti Austin
Hot Water (1988) Jimmy Buffett
At Last (1989) Lou Rawls
Street Smarts (1989) Eddie Gomez
Journeyman (1989) Eric Clapton
Soul Provider (1989) Michael Bolton
Midnight in San Juan (1989) Earl Klugh
Bottom's Up (1989) Victor Bailey
Mariah Carey (1990) Mariah Carey
Leap of Faith (1991) Kenny Loggins
Star Time (1991) James Brown
Upfront (1992) David Sanborn
Am I Not Your Girl? (1992) Sinéad O'Connor
I'll Take Care of You (1992) Cissy Houston, Chuck Jackson
Evolution of Herbie Mann (1993) Herbie Mann
Black Tie White Noise (1993) David Bowie
Friends Can Be Lovers (1993) Dionne Warwick
Don't Look Back (1993) Al Green
Skyline (1993) Phil Carmen
References
External links
“My Life On The Wild Side of The Music Business”–Part Two, Chapter Two: Ha! As A Kid, I Beat Richard Ten-Ryk in Handball! By Winston Munford
1943 births
1993 deaths
Musicians from Brooklyn
American session musicians
Deaths from prostate cancer
American jazz pianists
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
American rhythm and blues keyboardists
American soul keyboardists
American funk keyboardists
African-American jazz pianists
American jazz keyboardists
20th-century African-American male singers
20th-century American singers
20th-century American pianists
The High School of Music & Art alumni
American organists
American male organists
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
American male pianists
American male jazz musicians
Stuff (band) members
20th-century American keyboardists
20th-century American male singers
American people of Guyanese descent | {'title': 'Richard Tee', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Tee', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Lester E. "Bubba" Carpenter (born September 1, 1970) is a Republican member of the Mississippi House of Representatives, representing the First District of Mississippi (Alcorn and Tishomingo Counties) since 2008.
Tenure
In the Legislature, he is active in these committees: Interstate Cooperation, of which he serves as Vice Chairman, Banking and Financial Services, Corrections, County Affairs, Medicaid, Municipalities, and Tourism. District 1 covers portions of Tishomingo and Alcorn counties of Mississippi.
Career
A paramedic by profession, Carpenter also serves as President of the Burnsville Area Chamber of Commerce, and is a member of the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians and the Tishomingo County Economic Development Board. He graduated from Burnsville High School in Burnsville, Mississippi, attended Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi, and completed paramedic school at Wallace State Community College in Hanceville, Alabama. He is a veteran of the 155th Armored Brigade, Mississippi Army National Guard, with service in Operation Desert Storm in 1991.
Personal life
Carpenter is a lifelong resident of Burnsville, Mississippi; he is of the Baptist faith, is married, and has one child.
References
External links
Lester Carpenter at Ballotpedia
Lester Carpenter at Mississippi House of Representatives
1970 births
Living people
Republican Party members of the Mississippi House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians
People from Tishomingo County, Mississippi | {'title': 'Lester Carpenter', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester%20Carpenter', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The 2014 Independence Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 27, 2014, at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana, in the United States. The 39th annual Independence Bowl, it pitted the Miami Hurricanes of the Atlantic Coast Conference against the South Carolina Gamecocks of the Southeastern Conference. The game started at 3:30 p.m. CST and aired ABC. It was one of the 2014–15 bowl games that concluded the 2014 FBS football season. Sponsored by duck call manufacturer Duck Commander, the game was officially known as the Duck Commander Independence Bowl.
Teams
The game featured the Miami Hurricanes of the Atlantic Coast Conference against the South Carolina Gamecocks of the Southeastern Conference.
This was the 16th overall meeting between these two teams, with Miami leading the series 8–5–2 going into the game. The last time these two teams met was in 1987.
Miami (Florida)
After finishing their regular season with a 6–6 record, the Hurricanes accepted their invitation to play in the game.
This was Miami's first Independence Bowl.
South Carolina
After finishing their regular season with a 6–6 record, the Gamecocks accepted their invitation to play in the game.
This was South Carolina's second Independence Bowl; the Gamecocks previously played in the 2005 game, with the 2005 South Carolina squad losing to the Missouri Tigers by a score of 38–31.
Game summary
Scoring summary
Source:
Statistics
References
Independence Bowl
Independence Bowl
Miami Hurricanes football bowl games
South Carolina Gamecocks football bowl games
Independence Bowl
Independence Bowl | {'title': '2014 Independence Bowl', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20Independence%20Bowl', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Against the Seasons: Cold Winter Songs from the Dead Summer Heat is the first studio release and only EP from the Canadian black metal/doom metal group Woods of Ypres. It was recorded in August, 2002 at Spectre Sound Studios in Tecumseh, Ontario. It is Woods of Ypres' only album featuring founding members Brian McManus and Aaron Palmer, and their only CD on which David Gold does not contribute any vocals or guitar work.
This album was remastered by producer, and then-bassist, Dan Hulse in 2005 and re-released with new artwork that summer. A limited run of the album on cassette was also issued that year through Night Birds Records. The whole EP (save for "Awaiting the Inevitable") was later re-issued as part of Woods of Ypres' 2009 compilation CD Independent Nature 2002-2007. Each song on the album would remain a frequent addition in Woods of Ypres setlists to varying degrees since this EP was released.
Track listing
Personnel
Brian McManus – guitar, harsh vocals
Aaron Palmer – bass guitar, clean vocals
David Gold – drums
References
2002 debut EPs
Woods of Ypres albums | {'title': 'Against the Seasons: Cold Winter Songs from the Dead Summer Heat', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Against%20the%20Seasons%3A%20Cold%20Winter%20Songs%20from%20the%20Dead%20Summer%20Heat', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Brian Banks is a 2018 American biographical drama film directed by Tom Shadyac, written by Doug Atchison, and starring Aldis Hodge as Brian Banks, a high school football linebacker who was falsely accused of rape, convicted, sent to prison and upon his release, attempted to fulfill his dream of making the National Football League. The film premiered at the LA Film Festival in September 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on August 9, 2019.
Plot
Brian Banks (Aldis Hodge) is a 27-year-old former high school football star living with his mother (Sherri Shepherd) in Long Beach, California. He is currently on parole and registered as a sex offender due to an incident 11 years prior where he and a classmate, Kennisha (Xosha Roquemore), sneaked off to kiss. When he overheard teachers approaching, he fled to avoid getting caught, leading the scorned Kennisha to falsely accuse him of raping her.
On the advice of his attorney, Banks pled no contest to rape and was sentenced to six years of prison. His childhood dreams of becoming an NFL player are further damaged when new laws require him to wear an ankle monitor at all times and stay 2,000 feet away from schools and public gathering spots, preventing him from playing football, and he has trouble finding legitimate employment due to his criminal record.
Banks approaches the California Innocence Project hoping to clear his name, and they advise him to write a plea of habeas corpus to the California legal system to get them to retry him. When this fails, Innocence Project founder Justin Brooks (Greg Kinnear) explains that the justice system requires new evidence that incontrovertibly points to his innocence before they will hear his pleas; this excludes DNA evidence, which was taken during the original trial but never used in his defense.
Innocence Project lawyers interview several of Banks' former classmates, but their word is not strong enough to cast doubt on Banks' conviction. Banks unexpectedly receives a Facebook friend request from Kennisha, leading him to devise a scheme with several of his friends to trick her into confessing on tape that the rape allegation was fraudulent.
This seemingly succeeds, and Banks takes the tape to the Innocence Project. However, since Kennisha did not know she was being recorded, the evidence is inadmissible in court. Brooks sends the tape to the media, causing public outcry at the injustice of Banks' situation. Banks' parole officer calls him and warns him that his contact with Kennisha is a parole violation, but gives him until his parole expires before reporting the violation and placing Banks back in prison.
Brooks approaches District Attorney Mateo (Jose Miguel Vasquez) and convinces him that Banks needs a new trial. Banks goes to court, but Kennisha refuses to testify and claims that Banks offered her $20,000 to say he didn't rape her on tape. Mateo and Brooks confront her and eventually get her to say on the record that her claim that Banks bribed her was a lie; this casts enough doubt on Banks' guilt to convince the judge to finally overturn Banks' conviction.
Banks cuts off the ankle bracelet and heads to a local park, where he enjoys a game of football with some local children. The final narration reveals that Pete Carroll, a former University of Southern California coach who offered him a scholarship to USC during his high school days, invited him to try out for the Seattle Seahawks; failing to make the team due to his skills atrophying as a result of his extended time in prison, Banks trained hard over the next year and eventually was signed by the Atlanta Falcons.
Cast
Aldis Hodge as Brian Banks
Greg Kinnear as Justin Brooks
Melanie Liburd as Karina Cooper
Xosha Roquemore as Kennisha Rice
Tiffany Dupont as Alissa Bjerkhoel
Sherri Shepherd as Leomia
Jose Miguel Vasquez as District Attorney Mateo
Morgan Freeman as Jerome Johnson (uncredited)
Dorian Missick as Officer Mick Randolph
Release
The film was theatrically released in the United States on August 9, 2019, to low box office results.
Box office
In the United States and Canada, Brian Banks was released alongside The Kitchen, Dora and the Lost City of Gold, Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark and The Art of Racing in the Rain, and was projected to gross around $2.5 million from 1,327 theaters in its opening weekend. It ended up debuting to $2.1 million. At the end of the film's theatrical release the film grossed $4.3 million.
Critical response
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, and an average rating of . The site's critical consensus reads: "While it remains a reasonably inspiring drama, Brian Banks might have presented a more complex or fully realized version of the real-life story it dramatizes." Metacritic gave the film a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by PostTrak gave the film an average 4.5 out of 5 stars, while 72% said they would definitely recommend it to a friend.
Reviewing the film in The New York Times, Jeannette Catsoulis praised Hodge's performance, and the movie as a whole: it "isn't a great movie, but it is a worthwhile one". However, she criticised the minor characters as being "underwritten" and the screenplay as being "formulaic" and "heavyhanded", and the film overall as being "sometimes disappointingly bland". Alan Zilberman gave the film 3 stars out of 5 in his review for The Washington Post, praising Hodge's performance and Shadyac's directing.
Accolades
Brian Banks won the Audience Award for Fiction Feature Film at the 2018 Los Angeles Film Festival.
References
External links
2018 films
2018 biographical drama films
American biographical drama films
Films about miscarriage of justice
Films scored by John Debney
Films directed by Tom Shadyac
Films set in 2002
Films set in 2010
Films set in 2011
Films set in 2012
Films set in 2013
Films set in Long Beach, California
Films set in Los Angeles
American independent films
2018 independent films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films | {'title': 'Brian Banks (film)', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Banks%20%28film%29', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Mahyuddin Datuk Sutan Maharadja ( – 1921, Van Ophuijsen Spelling System: Mahjoeddin Datoek Soetan Maharadja, ) was a Minangkabau journalist, intellectual, activist and newspaper editor active in the Dutch East Indies. He is considered to be one of the fathers of modern Indonesian journalism and was a key figure in West Sumatran politics from the 1890s to 1921.
Biography
Early life
Mahyuddin was born into an aristocratic Minangkabau family in Sulit Air, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in around 1860. (Various sources gives his birth year as 27 November in either 1858, 1860, or 1862.) His grandfather had fought in the Padri War against the Padri side and eventually their family came to be incorporated into the Dutch political system as they conquered Sumatra. His father, Datuk Bandharo, was a Dutch-appointed leader in Sulit Air. His personal name was Mahyuddin (or Mahjoeddin in the spelling of the time) but tradition dictated that, as a Penghulu (hereditary leader) he was referred to by his full title Mahyuddin Datuk Sutan Maharadja. Due to his family's closeness with the Dutch, he was one of the first Minangkabau to receive a Western education, and in 1873 was sent to study in a European school in Padang, West Sumatra. However, Mahyuddin and the few other native students were involved in a fight with a Dutch student and were expelled before graduating. After that, through his father's connection he was sent to be the assistant of a public prosecutor () in Padang. While working there he studied law.
Career
In 1879 he became a salaried clerk in the public prosecutor's office and in 1882 was promoted to be a deputy public prosecutor () in Indrapura, a town south of Padang. While living there, he was greatly influenced by Sufism and began to participate in their lodges. He was promoted again in 1883 and sent to work in Padang. After, in 1888 he was finally promoted to full status and was sent to work in Pariaman. In the late 1880s he became chair of a Malay club called which had roughly 80 members; he was also advisor to other clubs, and founded one in Pariaman called (amusement forum). In 1891, after some time of not being promoted he decided to leave the prosecutor world to pursue new interests. He continued to work for the government as an informal detective.
It was at around this time that he devoted himself more completely to literary and intellectual pursuits. He became editor of , one of the first Malay language newspapers in Sumatra, which had been founded a decade earlier. He helped develop it from a rudimentary publication reporting on auctions and advertisements into a forum for intellectuals (mostly schoolteachers and government officials) to have public debates. In its pages he became a vocal defender of Minangkabau Adat against modernizing Muslims who wanted to abolish it and follow Middle Eastern Islam more closely. He also fell afoul of the strict Dutch censorship laws; within the first year he was fined 100 Guilder and sentence to one month's imprisonment for printing content deemed defamatory of local officials.
In 1895 he resigned from and became editor of another paper in Padang, (news report). (According to newspaper historian Ahmat Adam, they may have been the same newspaper with a change in name.) He continued to face legal troubles for printing coverage of local politics at the new paper; in 1896 he was sentenced to three months' exile for defamatory content he had printed, although he was eventually acquitted. He also became a regular correspondent in Insulinde, a Padang intellectual magazine. In 1899 his efforts at improving the quality of attracted a new round of investors; he was made editor-in-chief with a new team of assistant editors and the cost of the paper rose due to its longer format.
In 1904 he became an editor at (light of Sumatra), a Dutch-funded Malay newspaper. During his time there he was greatly influenced by world politics, including the Russo-Japanese War and the Young Turk Revolution. He started to organize his followers, who believed in Adat as well as societal progress, as the (young group), a term popularized by Abdoel Rivai. He was extremely loyal to the Dutch and opposed to Pan-Asianism; he stated that his loyalty was not to all Asians but only to Malays. Due to this some critics of him and his paper considered him a lackey of the Dutch.
In 1910 he was appointed to the municipal council () in Padang. That same year he left and founded his own newspaper, Oetoesan Melajoe. It was originally printed by a Chinese printer while he raised the capital to found his own Minangkabau-owned print shop. In 1912 he had raised enough to purchase his own printing press, and from then on used it to print , (an Islamic modernist publication led by his son-in-law), and later Soenting Melajoe, a paper aimed at a female readership edited by Ruhana Kuddus. His relationship with quickly soured, and in 1913 they left his print shop and he founded a new publication (Malay torch) which aimed to represent Malay and Minangkabau Adat against Islamic modernists, whom he viewed as Wahhabists.
In 1914, with the rise of Sarekat Islam in Java and a rising anti-Chinese and anti-Arab sentiment among native Indies Muslims, he often published very negative articles about those groups in the pages of his papers. As time went on, and Sarekat Islam and other organizations became vocally anti-Dutch, he turned against them as well. He became bitter rivals of Abdul Muis and Abdoel Rivai and other such early Indonesian nationalist figures and accused them of ingratitude towards the Dutch. Because of this, many of the young Western-educated Minangkabau intellectuals turned against him or lost interest in him. He remained on Padang city council during and after the war, until at least 1918.
He spent his final years from 1918 to 1921 researching and writing about Minangkabau history in an attempt to steer the progressive movement towards embracing local tradition and rejecting European, Middle Eastern, or Javanese influence.
He died in Kasang, just north of Padang, of a heart ailment in June 1921.
References
1860 births
Date of birth uncertain
1921 deaths
Minangkabau people
Journalists from the Dutch East Indies
People from Solok
Newspaper editors from the Dutch East Indies
Indonesian National Awakening
Lawyers from the Dutch East Indies | {'title': 'Mahyuddin Datuk Sutan Maharadja', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahyuddin%20Datuk%20Sutan%20Maharadja', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
Agent-assisted automation is a type of call center technology that automates elements of what the call center agent 1) does with his/her desktop tools and/or 2) says to customers during the call using pre-recorded audio. It is a relatively new category of call center technology that shows promise in improving call center productivity and compliance.
Types of agent-assisted automation
Desktop integration
Desktop integration is focused on how the agents interact with their desktop tools. The main challenge is that there are often many desktop tools, some new, some legacy system. These tools can make the process of handling customers’ requests quite cumbersome and time consuming. That time on the phone can often be frustrating for customers and expensive for companies. By using software to integrate the tools, the process can be streamlined. For example, information can be entered once and populated across multiple tools or doing a step in one tool can automatically accomplish a different step in another desktop tool.
Pre-recorded audio
Pre-recorded audio (sometimes referred to as soundboard (computer program) or as soundboard technology) is another form of agent-assisted automation. The purpose of using pre-recorded messages is to increase the probability (and in some cases error-proof the process so) that the right information is provided to customers at the right time. The required disclosures are pre-recorded to ensure accuracy and understandability. By integrating the recordings with the customer relationship management software, the right combination of disclosures can be played based on the combination of goods and services the customer purchased. The integration with the customer relationship management software also ensures that the order cannot be submitted until the disclosures are played, essentially error-proofing (poka-yoke) the process of ensuring the customer gets all the required consumer protection information.
Phone surveys are ideal applications of this technology. Whether surveying market preferences or political views, the pre-recorded audio with an agent listening allows the questions to be asked in the same way every time, uninfluenced by the agents' fatigue levels, accents, or their own views.
Fraud prevention
Fraud prevention is a specialized type of agent-assisted automation focused on reducing ID theft and credit card fraud. ID theft and credit card fraud are huge threats for call centers and their customers and few good solutions exist, but new agent-assisted automation solutions are producing promising results. The technology allows the agents to remain on the phone while the customers use their phone key pads to enter the information. The tones are masked and the information passes directly into the customer relationship management system or payment gateway in the case of credit card transactions. The automation essentially makes it impossible for call center agents and also call center personnel that might be monitoring the calls to steal the credit card number, social security number, or other personally identifiable information.
Outbound telemarketing
Another specialized application space of agent-assisted automation is in outbound telemarketing, which goes under numerous headings including outbound prospecting, cold calling, solicitation, fund-raising, etc. Turnover is high among agents engaged in this kind of work because the task is tedious and emotionally difficult. It is tedious because you spend the bulk of your day, not talking to qualified leads, but in getting wrong numbers and answering machines. As good and as ubiquitous as predictive dialing technology has become, it still makes a lot of mistakes because the phone number inputs are outdated. It is emotionally difficult work because, beyond the tedium, you spend a lot of time hearing the word “No!”, getting hung-up on, and cussed at. The pre-recorded audio allows you to dispense with wrong numbers and answering machines while you move onto the next call. Agents can easily handle two or three overlapping calls, an immediate productivity hit. Additionally, agents using the technology don’t seem to take the gruff treatment as personally. They report that it feels as if the customer is saying “no” to the software, not to them. Finally, contribution amounts and conversion rates can be improved by adding some intelligence into the scripts, for example by raising and lowering the initial contribution amount based on the wealth of the area you are calling into or using pre-recorded audio with different accents, Southern when calling in the South, for example. Another benefit of the technology is that it enables the work to be done by lower cost agents in offshore locations.
Benefits
Just as automation has benefited manufacturing by reducing the mental and physical effort required of workers while simultaneously improving throughput, quality, and safety, agent-assisted automation is improving call center results while reducing the tiring aspects of the job for agents.
In some cases, the agent-assisted automation streamlines the process and allows calls to be handled more quickly. By eliminating cutting and pasting from one application to another, by auto-navigating applications, and by providing a single view of the customer, agent-assisted automation can reduce call handle time and increase agent productivity.
Second, in theory, the more steps that can be automated and the more logic that can be built into the call flow (e.g., if the customer buys items 2 and 9, then disclosures a, c, and f are read by the pre-recorded audio), then companies may be able to reduce the amount of training that is required of the agents while at the same time ensuring more consistency and accuracy. However, no published studies have reported this result yet.
But an even larger problem in call centers is between-agent variation in behavior and results. Agents differ in the amount of training and coaching they receive, they differ in the amount of experience they have, their jobs are repetitious and tiring, and the process and procedures the agents are supposed to follow constantly change. Moreover, there are significant individual differences between agents in their intelligence, personality, motivations, etc. which all affect performance. Despite the large amount of money call centers have spent over decades trying to reduce between-agent variation, the problem is still so prevalent that one large study of customer interactions with call centers found that a customer’s experience was completely a function of the quality of the agent who happened to answer the phone.
Therefore, the most significant benefit of agent-assisted automation may prove to be in how the automation error-proofs or poka-yoke the process and ensures that something that needs to be done or said happens every time. Properly implemented, the between-agent variation for whatever step of the process the automation is applied to may be able to be reduced to near zero. This is especially important in a collection agency whose processes and procedures are closely regulated by the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.
References
Computer telephony integration
&
Workflow technology | {'title': 'Agent-assisted automation', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent-assisted%20automation', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
The Speed Graphic was a press camera produced by Graflex in Rochester, New York. Although the first Speed Graphic cameras were produced in 1912, production of later versions continued until 1973; with the most significant improvements occurring in 1947 with the introduction of the Pacemaker Speed Graphic (and Pacemaker Crown Graphic, which was lighter and lacked the focal plane shutter).
Description
Despite the common appellation of Speed Graphic, various Graphic models were produced between 1912 and 1973. The authentic Speed Graphic has a focal plane shutter that the Crown Graphic and Century Graphic models lack. The eponymous name "speed" came from the maximum speed of 1/1000 sec. that could be achieved with the focal plane shutter. The Speed Graphic was available in 2¼ x 3¼ inch, 3¼ x 4¼ inch, 5 x 7 inch and the most common format 4 x 5 inch. Because of the focal plane shutter, the Speed Graphic can also use lenses that do not have shutters (known as barrel lenses).
The Speed Graphic was a slow camera. Setting the focal plane shutter speed required selecting both a slit width and a spring tension. Each exposure required the photographer to change the film holder, open the lens shutter, cock the focal plane shutter, remove the dark slide from the inserted film holder, focus the camera, and release the focal plane shutter. Conversely, if the lens shutter were used, the focal plane shutter (on the Speed Graphic and Pacemaker Graphic models with both shutters) had to be opened prior to cocking using the "T" or TIME setting, and then releasing the shutter in the lens. If indoors, the photographer also had to change the flashbulb. Each film holder contained one or two pieces of sheet film, which the photographer had to load in complete darkness. Faster shooting could be achieved with the Grafmatic film holder—a six sheet film "changer" that holds each sheet in a septum. Even faster exposures could be taken if the photographer was shooting film packs of 12 exposures, or later 16 exposures (discontinued in the late 1970s). With film packs one could shoot as fast as one could pull the tab and cock the shutter, and film packs could be loaded in daylight. A roll film adapter that used 120 or 220 film was available for 2.25 x 3.25, 3.25 x 4.25 and 4 x 5 inch cameras that permitted 8 to 20 exposures per roll, depending on the model of the adapter. Photographers had to be conservative and anticipate when the action was about to take place to take the right picture. The cry, "Just one more!" if a shot was missed was common. President Harry Truman introduced the White House photographers as the "Just One More Club."
Operation of the focal plane shutter
The focal plane shutter consists of a rubberized flexible curtain with slits of varying widths that cross the film plane at speeds determined by the tension setting of the spring mechanism. There are 4 slits with widths of 1/8 in, 3/8 in, 3/4 in, 1 1/2 in and “T” (T = “time” setting, used when lens diaphragm shutter is used to control exposure duration. The focal plane shutter is left completely open until manually released. The opening covers the entire area of the film for the size of the camera.) On Speed Graphic models, there are 6 tension settings, adjusted by a butterfly winding knob that increases the speed that the slit crosses the film plane. On Pacemaker Graphic models, there are only 2 settings (high and low). The combination of the slit width and the spring tension allows for exposure speeds varying from 1/10 to 1/1000 sec.
Famous users
Perhaps the most famous Speed Graphic user was New York City press photographer Arthur "Weegee" Fellig, who covered the city in the 1930s and 1940s.
Barbara Morgan used a Speed Graphic to photograph Martha Graham's choreography.
Recent auctions show Irving Klaw used one in his studio for his iconic pin up & bondage photos of models such as Bettie Page.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the iconic photo-journalists of the Washington Post and the former Washington Evening Star shot on Speed Graphics exclusively. Some of the most famous photographs of this era were taken on the device by the twin brothers, Frank P. Hoy (for the Post) and Tom Hoy (for the Star).
The 1942-1953 Pulitzer Prizes for photography were taken with Speed Graphic cameras, including AP photographer Joe Rosenthal's image of Marines raising the American flag on Iwo Jima in 1945. A few winning photographs after 1954 were taken with Rolleiflex or Kodak cameras. 1961 was the last Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph with a Speed Graphic, which taken by Yasushi Nagao showing Otoya Yamaguchi assassinating Inejiro Asanuma on stage.
In 2004, American photojournalist David Burnett used his 4x5 inch Speed Graphic with a 178 mm f/2.5 Aero Ektar lens removed from a K-21 aerial camera to cover John Kerry's presidential campaign.
Burnett also used a 4x5 inch Speed Graphic to shoot images at the Winter and Summer Olympics.
Graflex manufacturing history
The company name changed several times over the years as it was acquired and later spun off by the Eastman Kodak Company, finally becoming a division of the Singer Corporation and then dissolved in 1973. The award-winning Graflex plant in Pittsford, New York is still standing and is home to Veramark Technologies, Inc., formerly known as the MOSCOM Corporation.
Graflex model history
Post 1940 Graphic style cameras may be considered usable cameras,
rather than antique or collectible cameras. The Speed Graphic was
manufactured in a number of sizes, 4x5" being the most common, but
also in 2.25x3.25", 3.25x4.25" and 5x7".
Notes
See also
Graflex
Press camera
References
External links
www.Graflex.org: Dedicated to promoting the use and preservation of Graflex Speed Graphics and other classic and large-format cameras
MasterSite for the Larger Camera
Graphic/Graflex FAQ on LargeFormatPhotography.com
The Speed Graphic and the Aldis lens
The Graflex Speed Graphic FAQ on Graflex.org
'Unknown Weegee,' on Photographer Who Made the Night Noir
Weegee's World: Life, Death and the Human Drama
Weegee Photographs
More Weegee Photographs
Enter the world of Graflex
The Speed Graphic and your personal lens
Cameras | {'title': 'Speed Graphic', 'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed%20Graphic', 'language': 'en', 'timestamp': '20230320'} | Wikipedia | en |
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