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• Page 12, lines 11-12: Table 2 provides a descriptive summary, but no ‘explanation’ – see major comments.
| null | null |
Section 5 does not include any reference and is purely descriptive and sometimes even superficial, lacking any comparison, explanation or assessment. This is probably the result of a rather weak empirical basis, provided it draws on interviews with a total of six cluster managers. Critical issues such as the cluster management organisation’s budget and finance have not been addressed. The relevance of the information presented here for the following discussion and conclusion remain far from clear. In my humble opinion, this is the weakest part of the paper that might well be omitted and replaced by a suitable conceptual frame for international comparison, as outlined above.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
Since this may be managed by the editorial office, I do not see the need for another review.
| null | null |
Section 5 does not include any reference and is purely descriptive and sometimes even superficial, lacking any comparison, explanation or assessment. This is probably the result of a rather weak empirical basis, provided it draws on interviews with a total of six cluster managers. Critical issues such as the cluster management organisation’s budget and finance have not been addressed. The relevance of the information presented here for the following discussion and conclusion remain far from clear. In my humble opinion, this is the weakest part of the paper that might well be omitted and replaced by a suitable conceptual frame for international comparison, as outlined above.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
There is also a growing literature on cluster initiative management in Europe (see the EU's "Excellence Initiative' with the benchmarking of cluster initiatives) that should be considered.
| null | null |
As also elaborated above, the conclusion should go beyond a mere summary to include methodological reflection, implications for policy (learning), as well as a more extensive discussion of further research perspectives.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
It certainly helps preventing, partly prevents, or reduces the risk of these problems occurring.
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Page 3, line 3: The authors might want to link to the literature on differentiated knowledge bases, which assigns an analytical (science-based) knowledge base to the biotech industry (cf. ASHEIM ET AL. 2011).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
But the analysis of the data is weak, and the paper remains largely descriptive.
| null | null |
Page 4, line 23: ‘few studies’ – If you mean ‘few’, please state the references. If ‘few’ means ‘no’, then please say so straightaway.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
• Page 10, line 19 – ‘several cluster policies’: I would address this family of related programmes as one policy rather than many.
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Page 6, line 25: I would suggest softening the statement that matched funding ‘prevents moral hazard and crowding out’. It certainly helps preventing, partly prevents, or reduces the risk of these problems occurring.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
The authors conclude that they found ‘consistent combinations of the types of national policies, local clusters, and cluster management’.
| null | null |
Section 2 contains a number of “expectations”, which could be flagged out and numbered as hypotheses. Taking these up in the empirical discussion could help the reader’s orientation.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
KIESE, M., 2013: Regional cluster policies in Germany – A multi-level governance perspective on policy learning.
| null | null |
Page 8, lines 1-2: This is interesting indeed. Is there comparable evidence on policy learning between Germany and France? Timing and content suggest that French national policies may well have been inspired by the German BioRegio contest.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
Taking these up in the empirical discussion could help the reader’s orientation.
| null | null |
Page 10, line 19 – ‘several cluster policies’: I would address this family of related programmes as one policy rather than many.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
For instance, what does it mean if a regional cluster organisation is pre-dating the national policy programme it is supposed to implement, as evident from some of the cases?
| null | null |
Page 10, line 28: The number of 85 applicants contains some clusters who applied more than once in the three rounds of the contest.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
http://revel.unice.fr/eriep/index.html?id=3495, accessed June 13, 2015.
| null | null |
Section 3.3: There is a little bit of literature on French national cluster policy that deserves a brief review or at least reference here
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
• Page 10, line 28: The number of 85 applicants contains some clusters who applied more than once in the three rounds of the contest.
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Page 12, lines 11-12: Table 2 provides a descriptive summary, but no ‘explanation’ – see major comments.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
in terms of the role of the state versus private initiative, governance traditions and philosophies, centralist vs. federal set-up.
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Page 14, line 21: How can this be a cluster if there are ‘only a few biotech ventures’? If the aim of public policy is to grow a cluster around a research organisation or hospital, this does not seem to produce any meaningful outcomes as yet.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
I would still like to see a qualification stating that R16 private and public initiative often interacts in cluster development, and that the degree of private and public sector involvement usually differs from case to case.
| null | null |
Page 15, line 24: Here and elsewhere, universities are attributed with the term ‘famous’. This should be backed up with evidence (data) and preferably rephrased, such as ‘recognised research universities’, or ‘elite’ with reference to the German federal government’s programme of university excellence (Exzellenzinitiative).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
As a consequence, I can now recommend the paper for publication with minor corrections, including some language editing.
| null | null |
Page 15, line 27: Repetition – the IZB incubator was already mentioned on line 9.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
In: Environment and Planning C, 28(6): 1063-1082.
| null | null |
Section 4.5: Unlike the regional cluster initiatives in Alsace and Baden, the trinational BioValley initiative has hardly had any impact in terms of intensifying cross-border interaction, confirming problems that KOSCHATZKY (2000) had identified long before. Indeed, many INTERREG projects fail to overcome the differences in national languages, legislations and cultures, even though the regions are neighbours.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
There is also a growing literature on cluster initiative management in Europe (see the EU's "Excellence Initiative' with the benchmarking of cluster initiatives) that should be considered.
| null | null |
The layout of the tables may be improved, especially the spacing of the text.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
The revised version went through a professional, native English editing.
| null | null |
The paper contains funding information in Yen and Euros. This should be harmonised, or preferably conversions given in brackets or footnotes for the reader’s convenience.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
Round 1: Author Response to Reviewer 2 We are very grateful for your detailed, insightful comments and suggestions, which help improve our manuscript significantly.
| null | null |
Although the new section 3.1 helps situating the cases within their respective national contexts, it’s focus is on performance indicators. If the underlying institutional differences would have been revealed as suggested, this section would be even more valuable for understanding the differences. This section now uses the term ‘innovation system’ at the national scale, but there is no discussion of or reference to the concept of national systems of innovation. A substantial body of literature has grown on the back of seminal contributions by Edquist (1997), Freeman (1987, 1988, 1995) with reference to Japan, Lundvall (1992), and Nelson (1993).
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
o P. 22: “differences might be attributed to those in innovation systems as basic conditions of clusters.” This is central, so the discussion should be summarised in the conclusions, preferably R15 taking up the three hypotheses: To what extent and how can differences in cluster policies and cluster management be linked to differences in national systems of innovation?
| null | null |
Although ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ have been replaced by public-driven and ‘private-driven’, the dichotomist nature remains as the focus of my critique. I would still like to see a qualification stating that private and public initiative often interacts in cluster development, and that the degree of private and public sector involvement usually differs from case to case.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
This section now uses the term ‘innovation system’ at the national scale, but there is no discussion of or reference to the concept of national systems of innovation.
| null | null |
P. 11: References on Japan and France should be added to the last two sentences of the first paragraph.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
Round 1: Referee Report for Administrative Sciences Management of cluster policies for innovation: Comparative case studies of Japanese, German, and French biotechnology clusters Manuscript no.
| null | null |
P. 14: On section 4.5 in the first draft, I commented that “Unlike the regional cluster initiatives in Alsace and Baden, the trinational BioValley initiative has hardly had any impact in terms of intensifying cross-border interaction, confirming problems that Koschatzky (2000) had identified long before. Indeed, many INTERREG projects fail to overcome the differences in national languages, legislations and cultures, even though the regions are neighbours.” In response, the authors now cite this paper in footnote 14 in Section 3.2. to support the view that BioValley has hardly had any impact in terms of intensifying cross-border interaction. This reformulation is incorrect as the Koschatzky (2000) paper pre-dated the BioValley initiative and does not look at INTERREG either. Unfortunately, my claim regarding the limited impact of BioValley on cross-border networking draws on conversations with practitioners and a field trip to the region, but cannot be supported by a reference as far as I know. I would therefore suggest to drop this footnote altogether.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
KIESE, M., 2013: Regional cluster policies in Germany – A multi-level governance perspective on policy learning.
| null | null |
P. 16: Sources should be stated underneath table 2.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
When elaborating on the choice of nations, one might wonder why the United States have not been included – possibly because there is no comparable national cluster policy?!
| null | null |
P. 18 (section 4.1, top paragraph): I would rather prefer “a series of national cluster programmes” as part of an evolving policy.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
KIESE, M., 2013: Regional cluster policies in Germany – A multi-level governance perspective on policy learning.
| null | null |
P. 22: “differences might be attributed to those in innovation systems as basic conditions of clusters.” This is central, so the discussion should be summarised in the conclusions, preferably taking up the three hypotheses: To what extent and how can differences in cluster policies and cluster management be linked to differences in national systems of innovation?
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_boyarkin
| 0 |
regarding their specialisation within biotechnology, their maturity, size (number of firms and employee) and firm size structure.
| null | null |
But the analysis of the data is weak, and the paper remains largely descriptive. Would suggest to use these case studies as a source of ideas on how policies and cluster initative management migth relate to each other; that would make this a more interesting paper.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
• Section 3.3: There is a little bit of literature on French national cluster policy that deserves a brief review or at least reference here (e.g., BRETTE/CHAPPOZ 2007, DURANTON ET AL. 2010, LONGHI/ROCHHIA 2013).
| null | null |
The conceputal framework (figure 1) is very similar to the 'cluster initiative performance model' in the Cluster Initiative Greenbook (Solvell et al., 2003), adding the hypothesis that there might be an interaction between policy context and management and being somewhat more narrow on the elements included. There are also existing reviews of cluster policies in Europe that should be considered (Clusters are Individuals, 2012, BMWi; VDI/VDE; Dasti). There is also a growing literature on cluster initiative management in Europe (see the EU's "Excellence Initiative' with the benchmarking of cluster initiatives) that should be considered.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
As scholars, the authors should challenge this technocratic faith of policy-makers and practitioners, although evaluation is beyond this paper’s scope.
| null | null |
The conceputal framework (figure 1) is very similar to the 'cluster initiative performance model' in the Cluster Initiative Greenbook (Solvell et al., 2003), adding the hypothesis that there might be an interaction between policy context and management and being somewhat more narrow on the elements included. There are also existing reviews of cluster policies in Europe that should be considered (Clusters are Individuals, 2012, BMWi; VDI/VDE; Dasti). There is also a growing literature on cluster initiative management in Europe (see the EU's "Excellence Initiative' with the benchmarking of cluster initiatives) that should be considered.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
1992: National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning.
| null | null |
The language the authors use is here a bit imprecise - they seem to be talking about the management of cluster initiatives, not about the management of the policies themselves (which is more a question of how the program oversight is organized within government; also an interesting but different question).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
Such limitations do not necessarily disqualify the paper, but should be discussed reflexively in the paper’s conclusions.
| null | null |
Content-wise to me the key observation is the - potentially systematic - connection between the way cluster policies arestructure and the organization of cluster initiatives. This is not a big suprise, and it doesn't really answer the question asto which model is better (only that there are internally consistent models that are different). But it isstill a usual observation to make.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
In: Environment and Planning C, 28(6): 1063-1082.
| null | null |
However, the conceptual framework appears simplistic, technocratic and static, and it is not sufficiently rooted in literature as evident from the scarcity of references in section 2.2.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
The varieties of capitalism (VoC) concept developed by HALL/SOSKICE (2011) may be a suitable concept here, as it has been applied to cluster policies in the U.S. and Germany by STERNBERG ET AL. (2010).
| null | null |
As scholars, the authors should challenge this technocratic faith of policy-makers and practitioners, although evaluation is beyond this paper’s scope. The performance of clusters is also affected by many exogenous influences not captured in the simple model.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
• Page 14, line 21: How can this be a cluster if there are ‘only a few biotech ventures’?
| null | null |
Furthermore, ‘initial conditions’ fail to capture the complexity of clusters if they are reduced to a dichotomy of private vs. public sector dominance. Even when the industry (biotechnology) is held constant, clusters differ in a number of ways, esp. regarding their specialisation within biotechnology, their maturity, size (number of firms and employee) and firm size structure.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
• Page 12, lines 11-12: Table 2 provides a descriptive summary, but no ‘explanation’ – see major comments.
| null | null |
At present, the final section is merely a summary with the exception of the very last sentence briefly sketching the need for including evaluation in comparative cluster policy research.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
A substantial body of literature has grown on the back of seminal contributions by Edquist (1997), Freeman (1987, 1988, 1995) with reference to Japan, Lundvall (1992), and Nelson (1993).
| null | null |
However, it remains rather descriptive and does not systematically attempt to explain the differences found between the three countries.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
It looks as if one interview was done with the cluster manager in the six regions, but the authors also claim to have interviewed ‘the presidents of cluster firms’ (p. 8, line 20) without indicating the number.
| null | null |
According to the definition on the top of page 4, the term denotes a cluster led by a public research organisation, which is rather specific and I doubt it applies to the six case studies outlined in the paper. Even so, the term ‘intellectual’ does not look fully appropriate here, which may be due to its translation from a Japanese original. ‘Public research-led cluster’ might be more to the point, as it appears difficult to judge if these are more or less ‘intellectual’ than other forms of clusters. At the least, it would appear sound to qualify these six cases as science-based clusters, but then this would apply to the biotech industry and all its clusters in general.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
In: European Review of Industrial Economics and Policy (5).
| null | null |
When explaining the choice of regional cases, the term ‘representative’ appears misleading.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
Such limitations do not necessarily disqualify the paper, but should be discussed reflexively in the paper’s conclusions.
| null | null |
When explaining the choice of regional cases, the term ‘representative’ appears misleading.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
I would still like to see a qualification stating that R16 private and public initiative often interacts in cluster development, and that the degree of private and public sector involvement usually differs from case to case.
| null | null |
When outlining their research methodology, the authors should state precisely how many interviews they conducted. It looks as if one interview was done with the cluster manager in the six regions, but the authors also claim to have interviewed ‘the presidents of cluster firms’ (p. 8, line 20) without indicating the number.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
representatives of the respective national cluster programs, have not been surveyed as well.
| null | null |
Furthermore, some reflection on the adopted comparative case study research design with references would be desirable.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
R12 • Page 8, lines 1-2: This is interesting indeed.
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Furthermore, some reflection on the adopted comparative case study research design with references would be desirable.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
In: European Review of Industrial Economics and Policy (5).
| null | null |
However, sections 4.3 to 4.5 leave an impression that the assessment of these cases as ‘bottom-up’ is not completely justified. The authors seem to assume that cluster policies are either bottom-up or top-down, without any shades of grey in between.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
The paper thus rests on the untested presumption that cluster management and national policies actually impact the performance of clusters.
| null | null |
However, sections 4.3 to 4.5 leave an impression that the assessment of these cases as ‘bottom-up’ is not completely justified. The authors seem to assume that cluster policies are either bottom-up or top-down, without any shades of grey in between.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
http://revel.unice.fr/eriep/index.html?id=3543, accessed March 13th, 2015.
| null | null |
Section 5 does not include any reference and is purely descriptive and sometimes even superficial, lacking any comparison, explanation or assessment.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
P. 11: References on Japan and France should be added to the last two sentences of the first paragraph.
| null | null |
Section 5 does not include any reference and is purely descriptive and sometimes even superficial, lacking any comparison, explanation or assessment.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
For instance, what does it mean if a regional cluster organisation is pre-dating the national policy programme it is supposed to implement, as evident from some of the cases?
| null | null |
As also elaborated above, the conclusion should go beyond a mere summary to include methodological reflection, implications for policy (learning), as well as a more extensive discussion of further research perspectives.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
KOSCHATZKY, K., 2000: A river is a river – Cross-border networking between Alsace and Baden.
| null | null |
Page 3, line 3: The authors might want to link to the literature on differentiated knowledge bases, which assigns an analytical (science-based) knowledge base to the biotech industry (cf. ASHEIM ET AL. 2011).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
KOSCHATZKY, K., 2000: A river is a river – Cross-border networking between Alsace and Baden.
| null | null |
Page 4, line 23: ‘few studies’ – If you mean ‘few’, please state the references. If ‘few’ means ‘no’, then please say so straightaway.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
DURANTON, G.; MARTIN, P.; MAYER, T.; MAYNERIS, F., 2010: The economics of clusters: Lessons from the French experience.
| null | null |
Page 6, line 25: I would suggest softening the statement that matched funding ‘prevents moral hazard and crowding out’. It certainly helps preventing, partly prevents, or reduces the risk of these problems occurring.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
DURANTON, G.; MARTIN, P.; MAYER, T.; MAYNERIS, F., 2010: The economics of clusters: Lessons from the French experience.
| null | null |
Section 2 contains a number of “expectations”, which could be flagged out and numbered as hypotheses. Taking these up in the empirical discussion could help the reader’s orientation.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
This dichotomy should be refined and the classification of cases qualified as, e.g., ‘relatively bottom-up’.
| null | null |
Page 8, lines 1-2: This is interesting indeed. Is there comparable evidence on policy learning between Germany and France? Timing and content suggest that French national policies may well have been inspired by the German BioRegio contest.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
This dichotomy should be refined and the classification of cases qualified as, e.g., ‘relatively bottom-up’.
| null | null |
Page 10, line 19 – ‘several cluster policies’: I would address this family of related programmes as one policy rather than many.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
Freeman, C., 1988: Japan: A new National System of Innovation?
| null | null |
Page 10, line 28: The number of 85 applicants contains some clusters who applied more than once in the three rounds of the contest.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
http://revel.unice.fr/eriep/index.html?id=3495, accessed June 13, 2015.
| null | null |
Section 3.3: There is a little bit of literature on French national cluster policy that deserves a brief review or at least reference here (e.g., BRETTE/CHAPPOZ 2007, DURANTON ET AL. 2010, LONGHI/ROCHHIA 2013).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
BRETTE, O.; CHAPPOZ, Y., 2007: The French competitiveness clusters: Toward a new public policy for innovation and research?
| null | null |
Page 12, lines 11-12: Table 2 provides a descriptive summary, but no ‘explanation’ – see major comments.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
; BOSCHMA, R.; COOKE, P., 2011: Constructing regional advantage: Platform policies based on related variety and differentiated knowledge bases.
| null | null |
Page 14, line 21: How can this be a cluster if there are ‘only a few biotech ventures’? If the aim of public policy is to grow a cluster around a research organisation or hospital, this does not seem to produce any meaningful outcomes as yet.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
Broad Comments • However, the conceptual framework appears simplistic, technocratic and static, and it is not sufficiently rooted in literature as evident from the scarcity of references in section 2.2.
| null | null |
Page 15, line 24: Here and elsewhere, universities are attributed with the term ‘famous’. This should be backed up with evidence (data) and preferably rephrased, such as ‘recognised research universities’, or ‘elite’ with reference to the German federal government’s programme of university excellence (Exzellenzinitiative).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
Would suggest to use these case studies as a source of ideas on how policies and cluster initiative management might relate to each other; that would make this a more interesting paper.
| null | null |
Page 15, line 27: Repetition – the IZB incubator was already mentioned on line 9.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
In: European Planning Studies, 8(4): 429-449.
| null | null |
Section 4.5: Unlike the regional cluster initiatives in Alsace and Baden, the trinational BioValley initiative has hardly had any impact in terms of intensifying cross-border interaction, confirming problems that KOSCHATZKY (2000) had identified long before. Indeed, many INTERREG projects fail to overcome the differences in national languages, legislations and cultures, even though the regions are neighbours.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
• The layout of the tables may be improved, especially the spacing of the text.
| null | null |
The layout of the tables may be improved, especially the spacing of the text.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
In: Journal of Economic Issues, 41(2): 391-398.
| null | null |
The paper contains funding information in Yen and Euros. This should be harmonised, or preferably conversions given in brackets or footnotes for the reader’s convenience.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
‘Public research-led cluster’ might be more to the point, as it appears difficult to judge if these are more or less ‘intellectual’ than other forms of clusters.
| null | null |
I wish to congratulate the authors for their careful and thoughtful revision. All remarks have been considered, most have been fully incorporated and the paper has gained substantially from revision. As a consequence, I can now recommend the paper for publication with minor corrections, including some language editing. Since this may be managed by the editorial office, I do not see the need for another review.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
regarding their specialisation within biotechnology, their maturity, size (number of firms and employee) and firm size structure.
| null | null |
Although the new section 3.1 helps situating the cases within their respective national contexts, it’s focus is on performance indicators. If the underlying institutional differences would have been revealed as suggested, this section would be even more valuable for understanding the differences. This section now uses the term ‘innovation system’ at the national scale, but there is no discussion of or reference to the concept of national systems of innovation. A substantial body of literature has grown on the back of seminal contributions by Edquist (1997), Freeman (1987, 1988, 1995) with reference to Japan, Lundvall (1992), and Nelson (1993).
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
Methodology: The choice of clusters is generally well explained on pp.
| null | null |
Although ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ have been replaced by public-driven and ‘private-driven’, the dichotomist nature remains as the focus of my critique. I would still like to see a qualification stating that private and public initiative often interacts in cluster development, and that the degree of private and public sector involvement usually differs from case to case.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
Critical issues such as the cluster management organisation’s budget and finance have not been addressed.
| null | null |
P. 11: References on Japan and France should be added to the last two sentences of the first paragraph.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
In: European Planning Studies, 8(4): 429-449.
| null | null |
P. 14: On section 4.5 in the first draft, I commented that “Unlike the regional cluster initiatives in Alsace and Baden, the trinational BioValley initiative has hardly had any impact in terms of intensifying cross-border interaction, confirming problems that Koschatzky (2000) had identified long before. Indeed, many INTERREG projects fail to overcome the differences in national languages, legislations and cultures, even though the regions are neighbours.” In response, the authors now cite this paper in footnote 14 in Section 3.2. to support the view that BioValley has hardly had any impact in terms of intensifying cross-border interaction. This reformulation is incorrect as the Koschatzky (2000) paper pre-dated the BioValley initiative and does not look at INTERREG either. Unfortunately, my claim regarding the limited impact of BioValley on cross-border networking draws on conversations with practitioners and a field trip to the region, but cannot be supported by a reference as far as I know. I would therefore suggest to drop this footnote altogether.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
Freeman, C., 1988: Japan: A new National System of Innovation?
| null | null |
P. 16: Sources should be stated underneath table 2.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
A substantial body of literature has grown on the back of seminal contributions by Edquist (1997), Freeman (1987, 1988, 1995) with reference to Japan, Lundvall (1992), and Nelson (1993).
| null | null |
P. 18 (section 4.1, top paragraph): I would rather prefer “a series of national cluster programmes” as part of an evolving policy.
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
If the underlying institutional differences would have been revealed as suggested, this section would be even more valuable for understanding the differences.
| null | null |
P. 22: “differences might be attributed to those in innovation systems as basic conditions of clusters.” This is central, so the discussion should be summarised in the conclusions, preferably taking up the three hypotheses: To what extent and how can differences in cluster policies and cluster management be linked to differences in national systems of innovation?
| 3 | 2 |
admsci5040213_devetyaro
| 0 |
Author Response Author Response File: Author Response.docx
| null | null |
Why Jung? The authors have selected Jung’s archetypes as the theoretical foundation for the paper.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
Aaker’s approach is nested within these – it specifies a way brands can establish relevance in the eyes of consumers (via establishing a human identity or character).
| null | null |
This paper’s potential impact will be enhanced if it can find a way to align itself with this growing branch of advertising research.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
While Jungian approaches have been used by marketing and consumer researchers in the past (e.g., Hirschman), the reasons for this choice need to be justified in the context of other alternatives.
| null | null |
The abstract states: “Aaker is seen by many as the branding guru” and refers to Aaker (1997) in the introductory paragraph. Are you referring to David Aaker (the father) or Jennifer Aaker (the daughter)?
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
Personally, I agree with you – brand personality is a key facet of brand identity.
| null | null |
Indeed, Aaker (1997) is a highly-cited work. Are there any other limitations or criticisms the reader should be informed of? However, you may want to tell readers how brands can convey aspects of personality via advertising (see: Allen and Olson 1995).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
We would have loved to substantiate the archetype concept by neurophysiological research but were not convinced about the reliability of claimed research findings so we added it under scope for further research (chapter: Implications).
| null | null |
Page 2, line 62: I disagree with the claim that “above models can be seen as extensions of Aaker’s (1997) brand personality model.” The models you listed are variants of well-known hierarchy of effects models.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
For example the fact that some "heroes" can move across categories - e.g., Tiger Woods for Buick.
| null | null |
Though the paper is exploratory, I am not convinced that it aligns with the “grounded theory” tradition.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
However, you may want to tell readers how brands can convey aspects of personality via advertising (see: Allen and Olson 1995).
| null | null |
The results would have been more compelling if the study measured the impact of ad campaigns (sets of related ads) in delivering a consistent (reliable) impression.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
We are delighted that our reviewer sees the link (as the authors do) between Aaker and Jung’s images of Freedom, Social, Order and Ego.
| null | null |
Evidence of claim? Page 4, line 124 states: “European students did not know these two hotel chains and therefore were not pre-conditioned in any way. In contrast the 55 Asian students knew the chains.” Was brand familiarity actually measured, or was it assumed?
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
Methodology (a) Though the paper is exploratory, I am not convinced that it aligns with the “grounded theory” tradition.
| null | null |
However, if you included a storyboard (set of screenshots) for each ad, that would help the reader (for examples, see: Mulvey and Medina 2003; Scott 1994).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
However, if you included a storyboard (set of screenshots) for each ad, that would help the reader (for examples, see: Mulvey and Medina 2003; Scott 1994).
| null | null |
Clarity and elaboration of Page 5+: The methods section lacks clarity – it would be very difficult for a researcher to replicate the procedure. Please provide greater detail of the scales used, the anchor terms, and how the survey/rating task was administered (online? Paper and pencil?).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
After all, the research focuses on the capacity of an ad to convey archetypal and personality-based aspects of brand identity.
| null | null |
“Archetype Articulate Charisma” (heading title in Table 3): This is not clear. Either define the term in the text or use phrasing that is clear to the reader.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
Reviewing the famous Marlbro ads or thinking about the attention David Beckham's appearance in ads for Adidas receives can be understood to represent viewer's interpretation and unconscious assignment of famous archetypes.
| null | null |
Findings: Who rated the three personality traits? The student/respondents? How many items were used? Why do you not report reliability measures for the items and scale?
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
It is interesting and the work of Aaker may also be interpreted to represent images of Freedom, Social, Order and Ego.
| null | null |
Factor analysis: Have you reported principal components, or a rotated solution?
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
by means of neurophysiological evidence based research but tried in vain.
| null | null |
Interpretation: The interpretation of Archetypes seems to assume that the types are mutually-exclusive. However, this is not really the case.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
The results would have been more compelling if the study measured the impact of ad campaigns (sets of related ads) in delivering a consistent (reliable) impression.
| null | null |
I think there are some ways in which you may tighten up the description of the experimental design.The comparisons between Jung and Aaker are always interesting - although the small sample size may be troubling to some.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
We hope that we have given full consideration to all comments.
| null | null |
I think that the relevance of the research to practitioners as well as academics needs to include some current findings about ads, their placement and effectiveness.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_makarova
| 0 |
The general and growing aversion to ads - ad blocker or the increased use of native advertising - sponsored branded content - that appears in desired media channels is a major issue for ad agencies.
| null | null |
Why Jung? The authors have selected Jung’s archetypes as the theoretical foundation for the paper. While Jungian approaches have been used by marketing and consumer researchers in the past (e.g., Hirschman), the reasons for this choice need to be justified in the context of other alternatives. Jungian approaches suffer from two core limitations: (a) the assertion of universality – which the authors note, and (b) the psychoanalytic heritage of the ideas (which presupposes a certain view of motivation) is disavowed by most contemporary psychologists.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
Author Response Author Response File: Author Response.docx
| null | null |
Literary archetypes: An alternative approach to studying the archetypal aspects of brand image can be found by scholars who adopt a literary or cultural view of archetypes, such as the ones advanced by Joseph Campbell or Northrop Frye (see, for example: Stern 1989). One could make the argument that using archetypes in advertising has greater affinities to mythology, literature and communications. Work on narrative theory and characterization in advertising also aligns with the archetype approach (see, for example: Mulvey and Medina 2003; Padgett and Allen 1997; Scott 1994; Stern 1988). This paper’s potential impact will be enhanced if it can find a way to align itself with this growing branch of advertising research.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
Page 4, line 124 states: “European students did not know these two hotel chains and therefore were not pre-conditioned in any way.
| null | null |
The abstract states: “Aaker is seen by many as the branding guru” and refers to Aaker (1997) in the introductory paragraph. Are you referring to David Aaker (the father) or Jennifer Aaker (the daughter)?
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
We found them very useful and they increased the value of our paper considerably.
| null | null |
Indeed, Aaker (1997) is a highly-cited work. Are there any other limitations or criticisms the reader should be informed of? There has been some backlash to the application of brand personality to inanimate objects. This may be of concern, because the paper uses hotels as an example. Personally, I agree with you – brand personality is a key facet of brand identity. However, you may want to tell readers how brands can convey aspects of personality via advertising (see: Allen and Olson 1995). This is highly relevant to answering the “so what?” question that is addressed in the implications section.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
Jungian approaches suffer from two core limitations: (a) the assertion of universality – which the authors note, and (b) the psychoanalytic heritage of the ideas (which presupposes a certain view of motivation) is disavowed by most contemporary psychologists.
| null | null |
Page 2, line 62: I disagree with the claim that “above models can be seen as extensions of Aaker’s (1997) brand personality model.” The models you listed are variants of well-known hierarchy of effects models. Aaker’s approach is nested within these – it specifies a way brands can establish relevance in the eyes of consumers (via establishing a human identity or character).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
(b) Sample size: A critical view would state that the present research relies on a very small sample of advertisements (n=2) to make its claims.
| null | null |
Though the paper is exploratory, I am not convinced that it aligns with the “grounded theory” tradition. Grounded theory is based on the idea of immersion in data to induct new conceptual categories. I see the present study as using existing typologies and categories – there are no new concepts that emerge from the research that can be applied directly to future research.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
The results would have been more compelling if the study measured the impact of ad campaigns (sets of related ads) in delivering a consistent (reliable) impression.
| null | null |
Sample size: A critical view would state that the present research relies on a very small sample of advertisements (n=2) to make its claims. After all, the research focuses on the capacity of an ad to convey archetypal and personality-based aspects of brand identity. The results would have been more compelling if the study measured the impact of ad campaigns (sets of related ads) in delivering a consistent (reliable) impression. Though such studies are rare, good interpretive and quantitative examples can be found in the literature. At a minimum, this exploratory paper should set a more specific and ambitious plan for systematic future research on the topic. For example, Padgett and Mulvey (2007) illustrate a method to identify personal values conveyed by 16 ad campaigns (another complementary dimension of personified brands) and Padgett and Mulvey (2009) demonstrate a novel way to characterize customer-brand relationship archetypes. Imagine a conversation with these authors: what do you contribute to the ongoing conversation?
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
One could make the argument that using archetypes in advertising has greater affinities to mythology, literature and communications.
| null | null |
Evidence of claim? Page 4, line 124 states: “European students did not know these two hotel chains and therefore were not pre-conditioned in any way. In contrast the 55 Asian students knew the chains.” Was brand familiarity actually measured, or was it assumed? The claim is very absolute – I wonder if any of them ever travelled internationally – presumably EMBAs would be more worldly or cosmopolitan than this… (d)
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
I hope my suggestions are given full consideration, as I believe that they will assist them in achieving this important objective.
| null | null |
Figure 3: Because you are studying commercials (which unfold over time), I don’t think the single screenshots really add much value to the paper. However, if you included a storyboard (set of screenshots) for each ad, that would help the reader (for examples, see: Mulvey and Medina 2003; Scott 1994).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
There has been some backlash to the application of brand personality to inanimate objects.
| null | null |
Clarity and elaboration of Page 5+: The methods section lacks clarity – it would be very difficult for a researcher to replicate the procedure. Please provide greater detail of the scales used, the anchor terms, and how the survey/rating task was administered (online? Paper and pencil?).
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
There clearly is a psychological component to the effectiveness an ad may have - although in some cases the appeal of the media selected and the surprising creative are major variables in terms of attention and engagement.
| null | null |
“Archetype Articulate Charisma” (heading title in Table 3): This is not clear. Either define the term in the text or use phrasing that is clear to the reader. Please don’t expect them to consult original sources by Jung!
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
The claim is very absolute – I wonder if any of them ever travelled internationally – presumably EMBAs would be more worldly or cosmopolitan than this…
| null | null |
Findings: Who rated the three personality traits? The student/respondents? How many items were used? Why do you not report reliability measures for the items and scale?
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
Reviewing the famous Marlbro ads or thinking about the attention David Beckham's appearance in ads for Adidas receives can be understood to represent viewer's interpretation and unconscious assignment of famous archetypes.
| null | null |
Factor analysis: Have you reported principal components, or a rotated solution? More details are required.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
Personally, I agree with you – brand personality is a key facet of brand identity.
| null | null |
Interpretation: The interpretation of Archetypes seems to assume that the types are mutually-exclusive. However, this is not really the case. A close reading of some of the cited work (i.e., Mark and Pearson 1991) recognizes that archetypes can be blended.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
Scott, Linda M. (1994), "The Bridge from Text to Mind: Adapting Reader-Response Theory to Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research, 21 (3), 461-80.
| null | null |
I hope my suggestions are given full consideration, as I believe that they will assist them in achieving this important objective.
| 1 | 2 |
admsci6020005_perova
| 0 |
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