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Thank you. As commented by reviewer, the content of Section 3.1 includes the content of Section 2. However, for the 3.2 Expansion of smart city structure that we want to present, I think it is necessary to organize the contents of Section 2 through Section 3.1 and to draw limitations. Of course, it is also correct to understand the structure as the opinions of reviewer. We put a lot of thought into reflecting the opinions. We are sorry; however, we have decided that it is difficult to change the structure at the moment. We ask for your generous understanding of the current structure.
| 4 | 1 |
This may be because of the error message 3 in sourcing in the document I received.
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
Thank you for understanding a little more about our paper. Also, I totally agree with the reviewer's comments about the skepticism of readers. Accordingly, the legal considerations specified in the first review have been added to the text. Its contents are as follows. “… In Korea, disease-related smart city services are legally sanctioned to be used only when necessary to protect personal information.”
| 4 | 1 |
Science of the Total Environment, 736, 139631.
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
We are sorry for not being clear on the answer to the last review. This paper tried to present a concept for the smart city structure to cope with major situations such as COVID-19. Therefore, it was not possible to present a specific method of adding or removing a smart city system. Currently, smart city services in Korea are trying to implement a structure that adds and deletes when necessary, as in this paper (Reference #73). However, we apologize for not being able to give you a clear answer on this question. After observing the process of implementing the system, we will present a specific method in the thesis we plan to proceed later.
| 4 | 1 |
I would thus include it in Section 2 instead.
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
Many revisions have been made to this paper according to the reviewer's comments. Although there are still many things incomplete, we did our best to reflect the opinions of the reviewers. In addition, we will use a more advanced paper by reflecting it in the ongoing research. Also, we sincerely appreciate the accurate comments from the reviewers.
| 4 | 1 |
The contribution is a proposition of services such as screening people with thermal cameras and tracking infected people through CCTV.
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
The reference confirmed that the error occurred when the formatting was moved. In addition, errors in the sentences have been reviewed and corrected. We apologize again for the rudimentary mistake.
| 2 | 1 |
I thus find it now less essential to discuss the practical aspects of service adding and removing.
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
In other words, the structure lacks flexibility
| 2 | 1 |
For many other sources, the local access path of the file is provided, which again prevents the reader from retrieving the source.
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
The full terms of the abbreviation are reflected.
| 2 | 1 |
I think many cities and countries will not be comfortable with this approach.
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
The incorrect part of the year has been corrected. Thanks for your pointing out #6.
| 2 | 1 |
I think that is both a big oversight, and an opportunity for critics.
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
we sincerely apologize. There were many rudimentary mistakes. We corrected the errors by rechecking the paper.
| 2 | 1 |
(if so, needs sourcing), or a synthesis by the authors?
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
Missing or erroneous references were rechecked and corrected.
| 2 | 1 |
Please always explain abbreviations before use - e.g.
| null | null |
su14052981_makarova
| 0 |
The confusingly written part has been simplified again. In addition, in order to solve the problem of awkward English, we have re-translated the entire sentence.
| 2 | 1 |
Author Response Please see the attachment Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
As your comments, Korea's smart city has technological and normative advances compared to other countries. However, we think that the USA and China are more developed in service than Korea`s (Smart city trends: A focus on 5 countries and 15 companies, Cities, 2022). Therefore, this paper intends to cover only general smart city technologies worldwide (Smart city trends: A focus on 5 countries and 15 companies, Cities 2022). We fully agree with the reviewer's comments that they may feel uncomfortable in other countries. After that, we will do more research and expand the case to other countries. Thank you very much for your comments.
| 2 | 1 |
It is well-known that different services are hard to integrate together (this is not specific to the smart city), but I would have liked the authors to illustrate in light of the pandemic context, and maybe to the context of Korea since their contribution is specific to this geographic context in that it integrates the 12 smart city categories of Korea and the healthcare phases of Korea.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
In this paper, the monitoring of sewage and wastewater for population level assessment of infection mentioned in smart city applications and urban automation was added as a limitation of this study. In the opinion of reviewers, epidemics in cities are not simply spread by one factor. Therefore, various factors should be dealt with, but in this paper, only heat and movement lines, which were mainly dealt with in Korea. The added part is as follows.
| 2 | 1 |
I have checked the online source and it mentions other aspects such as treatment and isolation for the recognition phase, which have not been picked up by the authors.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Additionally, smart city services could respond neither timely nor sequentially.
| 2 | 1 |
Table 7 does not bring much useful insights as well in its current form.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
This study proposes a method for timely and sequential responses, through a flexible combination of the healthcare system and smart city services.
| 2 | 1 |
Please always explain abbreviations before use - e.g.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Second, recommendations on combining or dismissing certain smart city services, as per the needs of coping with COVID-19, are summarized. Third, smart city services must be utilized only for addressing pandemics, as data from the healthcare system consists of personal information. Therefore, smart city services for responding to COVID-19 must be flexible.
| 2 | 1 |
Author Response Please see the attachment Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
The source has been specified. - (Smart city trends: A focus on 5 countries and 15 companies, Cities, 2022).
| 2 | 1 |
We sincerely apologize for the basic mistake.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
We have checked and corrected the Author's initials that you pointed out. We also Cognized that the expression 'EA' is a unit used only in certain countries.
| 2 | 1 |
Are there concrete examples of such systems being built and operated, then just turned off?
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Thanks for your kind comments.
| 2 | 1 |
I think that is both a big oversight, and an opportunity for critics.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
We also agree with reviewers that it's an ideal situation to use built-in services only when needed and turn them off when not needed. Therefore, in Korea, it is legally required to be used only when necessary. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(Korea): “…… But the scope of data collected will be kept to minimum and a due procedure should be followed in acquiring the data. First, an epidemiological surveyor should decide whether additional collection of personal information is needed. If the answer is yes, the official should seek approval from relevant authorities to get access to the data. For example, as for the location information, separate permission from the National Police Agency is required.” Source: http://www.molit.go.kr/english/USR/BORD0201/m_28286/DTL.jsp?id=eng_mltm_new&mode=view&idx=2931 3) Key missing components/literatures: We rechecked the paper related to “Key missing components/literatures”.
| 2 | 1 |
Table 4 presents smart city projects of several different countries.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Webb, W., & Toh, C. K. (2020). The smart city and COVID‐19. IET Smart cities, 2(2), 56-57. Inn, T. L. (2020). Smart city technologies take on COVID-19. World Health, 841. Sharifi, A., Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R., & Kummitha, R. K. R. (2021). Contributions of smart city solutions and technologies to resilience against the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review. Sustainability, 13(14), 8018. Gusikhin, O. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Experience on Smart City and Future Mobility. In Smart Cities, Green Technologies, and Intelligent Transport Systems (pp. 308-321). Springer, Cham. Kim, H. M. (2021). Smart cities beyond COVID-19. In Smart Cities for Technological and Social Innovation (pp. 299-308). Academic Press. 4 Inn, T. L. (2020).
| 2 | 1 |
First, I have a series of concerns regarding the form.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Farkas, K., Hillary, L. S., Malham, S. K., McDonald, J. E., & Jones, D. L. (2020). Wastewater and public health: the potential of wastewater surveillance for monitoring COVID-19. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 17, 14-20. Daughton, C. G. (2020). Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: the present and future. Science of the Total Environment, 736, 139631. Bogler, A., Packman, A., Furman, A., Gross, A., Kushmaro, A., Ronen, A., ... & Bar-Zeev, E. (2020). Rethinking wastewater risks and monitoring in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Sustainability, 3(12), 981-990. Jaiswal, R., Agarwal, A., & Negi, R. (2020). Smart solution for reducing the COVID‐19 risk using smart city technology. IET Smart Cities, 2(2), 82-88.
| 2 | 1 |
Infected people are in the public space without knowing that they have COVID, since contagion happens before symptoms appears.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Thanks for your kind words. The quality of the paper has improved on the reviewer's advice. There are many things that need to be improved in this paper, however we will remember your sincere advices and write more advanced papers later. Thanks again.
| 4 | 1 |
1 Dear Reviewer #1, I am grateful for your suggestions regarding my paper, and my answers to your comments are provided below.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
- This study proposes a method for timely and sequential responses, through a flexible combination of the healthcare system and smart city services by envisioning a scenario that sequentially grafts the current status of COVID-19 in Korea.
| 4 | 1 |
I think it synthesizes some important and useful literatures, and has some useful points to make.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
In order to improve the quality of the thesis, professional translation has been carried out again. We sincerely apologize for the rudimentary mistakes related to some expressions and errors.
| 2 | 1 |
I would thus include it in Section 2 instead.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
References are rechecked and deleted or erroneous references are recited or deleted. We humbly accept the reviewer's opinion that there are many references, and we have deleted references that are deemed unnecessary. We humbly accept the reviewer's comments that there is a quality problem, and We did our best to double-check, revise, and improve the quality of our papers.
| 2 | 1 |
In addition, errors in the sentences have been reviewed and corrected.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
We fully agree with the reviewer's comment that integration between services is difficult not only in smart cities but also in other fields. As advised by the reviewer, the situation in Korea was described in Figure 5 (Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea and the limitations of smart city services) and Table 10 (Limitations of smart city services in each phase). The spread of COVID cannot simply be blocked by smart city services, but by simplifying the current state and proceeding with the thesis, we did not reflect Korea's medical stage with geographic characteristics. We will conduct additional research in the future to fully reflect the reviewer's comments. Thanks for the advice.
| 2 | 1 |
The contribution is a proposition of services such as screening people with thermal cameras and tracking infected people through CCTV.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
The 'EA' refers to the quantity, but all have been deleted. We sincerely apologize for the basic mistake. We will check in more detail later. We reviewed the literature review and deleted redundant or unnecessary content. Also, we have checked and corrected the Author's initials that you pointed out. We also Cognized that the expression ‘EA’ is a unit used only in certain countries.
| 2 | 1 |
Author Response Please see the attachment Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Smart city projects are underway all over the world. Also, although smart city services differ by country, the smart city structure has a similar framework to a certain level. Therefore, if we can transform the structure of the smart city, we decided that it would be a great tool to cope with situations such as COVID, even a little.
| 2 | 1 |
Table 7 does not bring much useful insights as well in its current form.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Like the reviewer's comments, the rest of the table's contents other than those related to pandemic have been deleted.
| 2 | 1 |
However, it misses a critical point of COVID.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Sections 2.2 and 2.3 have identified errors with the same title. Accordingly, the title has been modified as follows. We apologize once again for repeating basic mistakes. - 2.2 Status of smart city services - 2.3 Status of Pandemic #9.
| 2 | 1 |
I think it synthesizes some important and useful literatures, and has some useful points to make.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
We completely agree with the reviewer's sharp points. Accordingly, the contents including Tables 8 and 9 were deleted and reorganized into World Health Organization (WHO), Control and Prevention (CDC) and Korea Centers for Disease Control (KCDC).
| 2 | 1 |
However, it misses a critical point of COVID.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Thanks for the reviewer's comments. The title of this section 3 has been changed according to the comments of the reviewers.
| 2 | 1 |
(pg3) Tables 1 is interesting, but it’s not clear the source of the data.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
In the case of Korea, rather than finding the infected person in advance, the focus was on identifying and blocking the spread of the infected person. Therefore, Smart City Service checked the movement of the infected people by time, found close contacts in the vicinity, and took measures to self-quarantine immediately. As a result, the critical point of being identified before an infectious disease spreads was missed. However, Korea has prevented a rapid collapse of the medical system by slowing the rate of propagation around it, and the role of smart city services has been significant in this regard. We agree with the reviewers' opinion that the biggest cause of this COVID-19 transmission is the rapid spread of infected people around them by moving to public places before they show symptoms. Reflecting the reviewer's opinion that it is not clear, the entire sentence has been revised and translated clearly.
| 2 | 1 |
Smart solution for reducing the COVID‐19 risk using smart city technology.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
We fully agree with the reviewers' comments. Therefore, as the limit of this paper, the limit of the ethical aspect was first specified, and in the situation where the service is not needed, the service is deleted in consideration of the ethical aspect in the structure of the smart city. Also in Korea, it is legally required to be used only when necessary.
| 2 | 1 |
I have some theoretical questions about the applicability of these approaches outside of Korea.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Also, we really appreciate the accurate comments from the reviewers.
| 2 | 1 |
Thank you again for your supportive review to improve the manuscript.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Thank you for the reviewer's heartfelt comments. The corrections to the reviewer's concerns are as follows: #2.
| 4 | 1 |
(if so, needs sourcing), or a synthesis by the authors?
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
We checked again that errors occurred. After fixing the errors, we rechecked it on others PC. We sincerely apologize for the continued errors. References deleted in the first review were deleted because they were deemed unnecessary. Thanks for the comments #3.
| 4 | 1 |
However, Korea has prevented a rapid collapse of the medical system by slowing the rate of propagation around it, and the role of smart city services has been significant in this regard.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
We agree with the reviewer's comments. As advised by the reviewer, the content of the scenario was additionally reflected in the abstract. The contents are as follows.
| 4 | 1 |
I have some theoretical questions about the applicability of these approaches outside of Korea.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
The description of the characteristics of each city shown in Table 3 was insufficient, as was the reviewer's opinion. Accordingly, the project described in Table 3 was briefly explained and the contents of the article were also revised. - “... As a representative smart city project in Korea, Pilot city, Regulatory sandbox and Smart City Challenge are in progress. To summarize the smart city services used in this project, medical, crime prevention, transportation and environmental services are the most used.” Table 7 also agrees with the reviewer's advice that it does not fit the current content. Accordingly, the contents of Table 7 were deleted and only the contents described in the text were left. Thanks for your comments.
| 4 | 1 |
I think many cities and countries will not be comfortable with this approach.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Thank you. As commented by reviewer, the content of Section 3.1 includes the content of Section 2. However, for the 3.2 Expansion of smart city structure that we want to present, I think it is necessary to organize the contents of Section 2 through Section 3.1 and to draw limitations. Of course, it is also correct to understand the structure as the opinions of reviewer. We put a lot of thought into reflecting the opinions. We are sorry; however, we have decided that it is difficult to change the structure at the moment. We ask for your generous understanding of the current structure.
| 4 | 1 |
First, an epidemiological surveyor should decide whether additional collection of personal information is needed.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Thank you for understanding a little more about our paper. Also, I totally agree with the reviewer's comments about the skepticism of readers. Accordingly, the legal considerations specified in the first review have been added to the text. Its contents are as follows.
| 4 | 1 |
Please check especially the conclusion, this is hardly readable.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
We are sorry for not being clear on the answer to the last review. This paper tried to present a concept for the smart city structure to cope with major situations such as COVID-19. Therefore, it was not possible to present a specific method of adding or removing a smart city system. Currently, smart city services in Korea are trying to implement a structure that adds and deletes when necessary, as in this paper (Reference #73). However, we apologize for not being able to give you a clear answer on this question. After observing the process of implementing the system, we will present a specific method in the thesis we plan to proceed later.
| 4 | 1 |
The authors bring up interesting legal considerations in their response to my comments, it would be nice to have them in the paper to show the reader under which conditions the authors' solution can be used.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Many revisions have been made to this paper according to the reviewer's comments. Although there are still many things incomplete, we did our best to reflect the opinions of the reviewers. In addition, we will use a more advanced paper by reflecting it in the ongoing research. Also, we sincerely appreciate the accurate comments from the reviewers.
| 4 | 1 |
The authors than write that these services have a limitation in that cannot predict and prevent transmission of threats such as COVID.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
The reference confirmed that the error occurred when the formatting was moved. In addition, errors in the sentences have been reviewed and corrected. We apologize again for the rudimentary mistake.
| 2 | 1 |
Please always explain abbreviations before use - e.g.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
In other words, the structure lacks flexibility
| 2 | 1 |
Many revisions have been made to this paper according to the reviewer's comments.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
The full terms of the abbreviation are reflected.
| 2 | 1 |
This is a very important point, since it changes what is the contribution of the paper.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
The incorrect part of the year has been corrected. Thanks for your pointing out #6.
| 2 | 1 |
I will give a clearer example from p.15, line 345: Second, the ( Figure 4.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
we sincerely apologize. There were many rudimentary mistakes. We corrected the errors by rechecking the paper.
| 2 | 1 |
Thank you again for your supportive review to improve the manuscript.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
Missing or erroneous references were rechecked and corrected.
| 2 | 1 |
This may be because of the error message in sourcing in the document I received.
| null | null |
su14052981_perova
| 0 |
We very much appreciate the contributions.
| 2 | 1 |
The authors test a popular assessment tool using confirmatory factor analysis and finds that the model is weak.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
An analysis of extreme values was carried out, using univariate and multivariate detection methods. The analysis resulted in the elimination of 34 univariate extreme values and 2 multivariate extreme values. All statistical analysis was repeated considering a database of 520 companies.
| 2 | 1 |
Very well structured, with a critical and current problem.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Thank you for your suggestion. We researched more literature on the subject and adopted a more moderate perspective for assessing normality (|Sk|>2-3, |Ku|>7-10 and |KuMult|>10). As you mention, with the elimination of the extreme values, the skewness and kurtosis values improved significantly, approaching the range -1 to 1.
| 2 | 1 |
Table 2 and the paragraph after it is a repetition of Figure 1 and Table 1, could be cut.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The discussion section has been improved and future research recommendations have been added in the conclusions.
| 2 | 1 |
We have made all the minor corrections indicated.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The hypothesis was removed since, as mentioned, it doesn't state what we are trying to test in this study.
| 2 | 1 |
1 Response to Reviewer 4 Comments Point 1: The paper is well structured and presented in a very meaningful manner.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Major changes have been made to the paper. We hope that this new version may deserve your recommendation for publication.
| 2 | 1 |
Even though the areas are from B Lab, the authors should study and related them to sustainability and value creation.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The manuscript has been revised to improve grammar and english language.
| 4 | 1 |
2nd round Title: OK Abstract: OK Introduction: There is an improvement to do in the objective because it is still different from the one presented in the Abstract, and needs a correction to be aligned with the content of the text.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The discussion and conclusions sections have been improved (text in blue).
| 4 | 1 |
In line 384 the authors should substitute ‘chapter’ for ‘section’.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Thanks for the comment. The conclusions section has been improved (text in blue).
| 4 | 1 |
There isn’t a source below the Title of Figure 1, though after that seems that B Corporation is the owner of it.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Thank you. We very much appreciate the comment.
| 2 | 1 |
Discussion: The authors made an effort to add more discussion, though no one was about Cronbach’s alpha.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The argument associated with studies [28] & [29] was added.
| 2 | 1 |
No any future research recommendations have been suggested by the respected authors.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The words Table and Figure have all been revised to start with a capital letter.
| 2 | 1 |
Point 2: Abstract: The content is well organized, but the results need some to attract the reader.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Paragraph presented after Table 2 (page 7) has been moved to footnote.
| 2 | 1 |
The hypothesis is interesting when they come from a discussion in the literature review to the field research to test a theory (models, methods, frameworks, etc).
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
• The (***) have been replaced by the p-values (<0.001) in Table - B Impact Assessment - Regression Weights (original model) (current Table 6).
| 2 | 1 |
It’s their signature in the text, so I understand that they deserve this recognition.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Future research recommendations have been added to the conclusions.
| 2 | 1 |
The analysis is interesting, but demands more comparisons and explanations for cuts and adds.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The manuscript has been revised. The literature review has been improved, and new references have been added (text in blue).
| 4 | 1 |
We believe that the reviewers' suggestions have been very helpful in improving the manuscript.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The method section has been improved (text in blue).
| 4 | 1 |
The literature review has been improved, and new references have been added (text in blue).
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
We believe that the reviewers' suggestions have been very helpful in improving the manuscript. Thank you for the comment. The manuscript has been entirely revised.
| 4 | 1 |
I strongly recommend the authors find the new one.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Thank you for the suggestion. The title has been clarified in line with the main objective.
| 2 | 1 |
The authors should reflect the presence of that in the text.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The results were improved and the paper's contribution was added.
| 2 | 1 |
Abstract: The main objective is to analyze the B Impact Assessment, verifying the robustness and consistency of the model to measure and improve the economic, social, and environmental impact of companies.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The introduction has been improved, including a better explaination of B Impact Assessment. The use of confirmatory factor analysis has been explained. The aim of the paper was revised in the abstract to be aligned with the one presented in the introduction.
| 2 | 1 |
The authors should explain better what is B Impact Assessment.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Lines 70 to 82 have been revised and included in the introduction. Lines 90 to 103 have been revised and decided to be kept in the literature review as they express arguments from important scientific research ( S. Poponi, A. Colantoni, S. R. S. Cividino, and E. M. Mosconi, “The Stakeholders’ perspective within the B corp certification for a circular approach,” Sustain., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1–15, 2019, doi: 10.3390/su11061584. / T. De Mendonca and Y. Zhou, “What does targeting ecological sustainability mean for company financial performance?,” Bus. Strateg. Environ., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1583–1593, 2019, doi: 10.1002/bse.2334. / C. Putnam Rankin and T. L. Matthews, “Patterns of B Corps Certification: The Role of Institutional, Economic, and Political Resources,” Societies, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 72, 2020, doi: 10.3390/soc10030072.). The literature review was enhanced with scientific information in the fields of sustainability and certification, and, B Lab certification and sustainability.
| 2 | 1 |
The authors could use a standard for a plural of index word, ‘indices’ (345) or ‘indexes’ (362).
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Factor analysis involves the examination of interdependence relationship, so it shouldn’t be expressed as a hypothesis that establishes dependence relationships. The economic dimension has been added in the former lines 180 and 181. We clarify that figure 1 is original and was created by the authors. Regarding the data, we confirm that it was taken from the official website, during the period between March and May 2021. The link provided (https://bcorporation.eu/directory) was the one used. In the meantime, the site has been changed and the directory of certified companies can be found in another link. Table 2 has been eliminated. To avoid the repetition of information in Table 2 and the paragraph after, we followed the recommendations of another reviewer by placing the paragraph as a footnote. The reduction in the number of companies was based on the analysis of the database and information collected from B Lab that allowed us to see that there was a change in the measurement model used in B Corp certification during the period January 2017 and March 2021. Thus, to ensure the 3 consistency of the database and the statistical analysis subsequently performed, we reduced the database to a recent period in which the same measurement model was used. Finally, the hypothesis was removed since, as suggested by another reviewer, it doesn't state what we are trying to test in this study.
| 2 | 1 |
If the rules of the Journal don’t allow to write down the Figures who is the author, I suggest to authors write it in a paragraph before the Fig 1, or in a footnote, according to Editor’s allowance.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
We have replaced the word "indicator" with "aspect" to eliminate possible confusion with the 5 indicators in the B Impact Assessment Model (Figure 6). The text has been completely revised and the word 'indices' has been used as the standard. The word ‘chapter’ has been replaced by ‘section’. Finally, we are thankful for the good appreciation to the many models studied in our research.
| 2 | 1 |
The Cronbach’s Alpha ‘selected’ just ‘environment’ area of the B Lab model.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
The topic is “B Corp certification”. The text has been revised and the source has been added (E. Diez-Busto, L. Sanchez-Ruiz, and A. Fernandez-Laviada, “The b corp movement: A systematic literature review,” Sustain., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1–17, 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13052508.). Hypothesis 1 has been removed with the justification provided in response 5. Information was added on Cronbach’s Alpha and its impact on the need for B Impact Assessment improvement.
| 2 | 1 |
What is the main result of the B assessment with the confirmatory analysis?
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
Thank you for the suggestions. The word was changed to “objective”. The discussion section has been improved in line with the suggestions made in the conclusion.
| 2 | 1 |
The authors presented and analyzed the variables/areas of certification with many models, it is interesting and is a basis for analysis in the next section.
| null | null |
su14095590_perova
| 0 |
We added more coherent theoretical arguments to the discussion based on the most recently published relevant academic papers on the topic (lines 125-133, 153-158, 442-452). The incorporated studies include Yarram and Adapa (2021), Boukattaya and Omri (2021), Shakil (2021), Wang, Wilson & Li, (2021), Cordeiro et al 2020, Birindelli, et al. (2019), and Nuber & Velte (2021). In total, the list of references increased from 21 to 36. The details of these studies and the logic behind their inclusion are explained in the text (pages 3 and 4). For the quantitative papers, our guiding line is the inclusion of papers proposing a reliable strategy to address the problem of endogeneity characterizing virtually all studies dealing with gender diversity. In a nutshell, gender diversity and firms’ performances (be they financial, ESG or environmental) have reverse causality. More gender-diverse boards are found to improve firms’ performances, and at the same time, better performing firms are more attractive to females. Any study incorporating these two variables would suffer from endogeneity. Therefore, inference and results are biased. Finding an instrument for gender diversity becomes a concern of first importance. The task is challenging as all potential candidates for being a suitable instrument should be already part of the regression equation. So far, the literature has not found an instrument unanimously agreed upon. This is the reason for which our selection of papers is rather limited. We focused on those papers with a choice of instrumental variables that are well explained and papers that ‘’go around’’ the problem by making use of a method that does not rely on external instruments. This includes papers using difference-GMM or system-GMM estimators. Their principal advantage is the use of internal instruments instead of external ones. Indeed, the instruments chosen are difference and the level of the covariates themselves. There are only a few of these studies available, including ours. This again explains the relatively restricted number of references we are considering.
| 2 | 1 |
3- Please reconsider the use of adjectives such as "complicated" (line 79), interestingly (line 88) and so on.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
Initially, we opted for integrating the theoretical background disseminated throughout the text to connect to the findings of related papers and to avoid redundancy and repetition. Changes that we incorporated in response to this comment improve the overall theoretical framework of the paper, including concepts, definitions and links to relevant literature. We also articulated theoretical assumptions and added a comprehensive discussion of the observed phenomena. Specifically, we added critical mass theory discussion in the literature review section (lines 125-132). We added interpretation of corresponding results in the findings and discussions section (lines 445-452) and the conclusion section (lines 482-503). These changes in addition to the existing discussions of theories and concepts significantly improve the theoretical background of the paper.
| 2 | 1 |
Below we provide the details on how your comments and suggestions have been addressed.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
We also emphasize the policy implications of these findings (lines 453-462, 497-503). To better reflect the policy implications of the study, we incorporate changes that are diffuse through the text. In particular, we argue that promoting gender diversity cannot deliver its full potential, and may even lead to adverse results unless it is accompanied by measures that mitigate political and economic uncertainty. These measures would create an enabling environment both for households and entrepreneurs. Such measures should increase agents’ confidence, dump their willingness to invest and expand the activity by reducing their aversion to risk. The accompanying measures should primarily target building and strengthening institutions to unlock this potential. Institutions are a defence against uncertainty. They contribute to anchoring economic agents’ expectations and stabilize the economy. We also elaborate on the finding of the critical mass theory. This result suggests that a very effective way to improve environmental quality and mitigate the adverse effects of economic activities is to encourage gender diversity in corporate boards in countries with low uncertainty where we find a higher impact on firms’ environmental performances. In these countries, the margin for progress is large and the effect of improving gender diversity in corporate boards materializes more easily and at lower costs, as these countries are far from their efficiency frontiers (lines 445-461 and 482-503).
| 2 | 1 |
We deeply regret the inconvenience caused due to this.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
We addressed your suggestion to improve arguments and discussion of findings by revising existing and adding new paragraphs better explaining regression coefficients that demonstrate how political and economic uncertainty shapes the relationship between corporate board gender diversity and firms’ environmental performance. (Lines 379-389). Furthermore, we added supporting arguments disseminated across the text (particularly in lines 348-361, lines 379-389, etc). These relate our finding to theory. We focus here on the attitude towards risk and uncertainties. Women on corporate boards tend to be more risk-averse and lean more toward conservatism in uncertain environments. Therefore, the more females there are on corporate boards, the higher their weight in the board decisions would be, and by the same token, the higher the effect of uncertainty on firms’ decisions. Moreover, we also relate our findings to the critical mass theory, suggesting that the impact of gender diversity on the environmental performances of firms materializes only when a critical mass weight of females is realized in corporate boards (Konrad et al. 2008, Torchia et al. 2011, Schwartz-Ziv, 2017- page 12, lines 445-451).
| 2 | 1 |
They contribute to anchoring economic agents’ expectations, and stabilize the economy.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
Absolutely. Changed accordingly (line 160).
| 2 | 1 |
The rational for this result stems from the idea that uncertainty adversely affects the enabling environment of an economy.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
We answered this comment along different dimensions. We revise and elaborate on the explanation and interpretation of the results. We provide further explanations on the ways political and economic uncertainty shapes the relationship between corporate board gender diversity and firms’ environmental performance. We also emphasize the policy implications of these findings (lines 453-461, 487-496). In addition, we add more theoretical arguments to the discussion based on the most recently published academic papers on the topic. (Lines 421-452) “
| 2 | 1 |
Hi Lasha, We have investigated your query for RIC – OBE.TO for the year 2009(FY-12) Property/Plant/Equipment, Total - Net is bigger than Total assets, as reported and confirm that we have amended Property, plant and equipment which was incorrectly captured and sent the correct data to product.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
The related theory posits that females’ attitude when facing uncertainty is different from males. They tend to exhibit a strong inclination to wait until the uncertainty is resolved before making major business decisions. To address this comment, we added supporting arguments disseminated across the text (particularly in lines 348-361, lines 421-428, etc). These explain the finding you are referring to by attitude towards risk and uncertainties. Women on corporate boards tend to be more risk-averse and lean more toward conservatism in an uncertain environment. Therefore, the more females there are on corporate boards, the higher would be their weight in the board decisions, and by the same token, the higher would be the effect of uncertainty on firms’ decisions.
| 2 | 1 |
More gender-diverse corporate boards would not lead to better environmental performances of firms in countries with higher uncertainty (higher WUI score).
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
The literature on the relationship between gender diversity and environmental performances of firms that addresses dynamic endogeneity is rather limited. We mention Gaio and Gonçalves (2022), Lu and Herremans (2019), Kassini et al (2016), Silla, et al (2016) that opt for a dynamic modelling using a System-GMM estimator. This estimator is particularly suitable to panels with large number of individual and few time periods, which the case for our paper. Moreover, it accommodates situations where the independent variable changes slowly (Antoniou et al., 2008). To keep a good flow in the text, we only mention these papers in the introduction section. We elaborate further on them in the literature review section. We describe their main purpose and explain how our analysis departs from them.
| 2 | 1 |
Similar problems stem from the following paragraphs discussing the results.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
Thanks for the Suggestion. We highlighted the research hypothesis by moving it the introduction. We also added another hypothesis. The first relates to the very existence of a relationship between gender diversity on corporate boards and firms’ performances. The second, deals with the intensity and shape of this relationship. We believe, this adds a deal of clarity to the text and purpose of the paper.
| 2 | 1 |
Your review truly helped improve further the paper.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
We reviewed all the text and changed wording in different parts of the text.
| 2 | 1 |
5- Please revise your data: your max tangibility is over 2 (which means that Net PP&E, a subset of Assets, is 2 times those same Assets - this should be a typo.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
We initially meant, among all these papers, there is one that… We rephrased this sentence and reviewed all the text. We edited sentences when needed.
| 2 | 1 |
I see the work interesting, although it needs a good reorientation, in order to make it more attractive to reading.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
In our initial submission, we used winsorized data for all our econometric analysis. However, we, inadvertently, displayed summary statistics (Table 2) for raw data, i.e., before winsorizing. We should have reported only winsorized summary statistics. This is precisely what we do in this revised version of the paper. The reason for winsorizing data (beyond its advantage of having regular statistical distribution) was that we initially have detected outliers. Further investigation revealed that one company (RIC: OBE.TO; CompName: Obsidian Energy Ltd) is responsible for these outliers. The company had presumably reported wrong values in FY-12, where PP&E was higher than Total Assets (see table below from Refinitiv Eikon). We have reported this case to Refinitiv (Case number: 11297339) and our doubts were confirmed (See their response below). Refinitiv Eikon replaced old value of PP&E (27834189009) with a correct value (10788172656). In order to avoid similar mistakes, we opted for winsorizing data and avoid outliers. Similarly, only one company had negative Tobins’ Q in 2017 (RIC: ELR.TO ; company name: Eastern Platinum Ltd), which was a reporting typo as well. However, our analysis is not affected by these outliers which are removed after winsorizing all the variables. In this revised version of the paper, we replace the table of summary statistics with the one based on winsorized variables.
| 2 | 1 |
Gender diversity on the board and firms’ corporate social responsibility.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
The sentence “The global average of corporate boards’ gender diversity for all the sectors during 2008-2018 was about 13.5%” is correct as it is calculated based on all industries (5120 firms in total). However, since we are focusing on “Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Industry”, it makes more sense indeed to report the value for that particular sector. Therefore, we update the text as follows: “The average of corporate boards’ gender diversity for Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Industry during 2008-2018 was about 9.6%”.
| 2 | 1 |
Overall, I believe that this study has a high potential to add to the literature on the relationship between gender diversity and firm environmental performance.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
This is an explanation of the following sentence in our article: “To avoid bias and inconsistency that might be caused by instruments proliferation, we collapse the instruments matrix.” We are using longer lags of the dependent variable as additional instruments. Intuitively, there is a trade-off, on one hand, using longer lags gives more information and improves efficiency, but on the other hand sample gets smaller (as it is the case in standard 2SLS models). GMM is a way around this trade-off between lag length and sample length. However, implementation of System-GMM is not exempt from weaknesses. With the instruments count being quadratic in the time dimension, the variance matrix of the moments can be very large. Estimating its elements may be problematic in particular in a finite sample lacking the adequate amount of information. This finite sample bias can weaken Hansen J-test and overstate its p-value and therefore generate suspicious high pass rate of instruments validity. The problem is known as instruments proliferation (Roodman 2009). To avoid bias and inconsistency due to instruments proliferation, we limit the number of instruments used and collapse the instrument matrix which prevents the model from being over-fitted.
| 2 | 1 |
I see the work interesting, although it needs a good reorientation, in order to make it more attractive to reading.
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
We revised the concerned section and rewrote the text in order to improve on clarity. The revised text reads as follows: Greater gender diversity for a firm located in a country with high political and economic uncertainty would lower the firm’s environmental performance (0.616-0.853=-0.237).
| 2 | 1 |
2 4- What do you mean by "in the crowd" (line 141).
| null | null |
su14127346_makarova
| 0 |
the inoculation points were labeled with the red arrows in Figure 1 as suggested.
| 2 | 1 |
The following are some comments and suggestions.
| null | null |
toxins14060409_makarova
| 0 |
Sorry for carelessness. We corrected it as suggested. (Pag.4 Line 157) Point 3: Line 143: “PPSD-premature spike death” should be “PPSD-proportion of premature spike death”.
| 2 | 1 |
Authors in this manuscript report that DON accumulation in wheat grain is affected by inoculation methods (infection points).
| null | null |
toxins14060409_makarova
| 0 |
We revised the expression in the footnote of Table 1. (Pag.4 Line 158) Point 4: Lines 168 - 169: Should it be that DON content of most lines without Fhb1 exceeded 1000 µg/kg under UBFI?
| 2 | 1 |
While DON concentrations in grains are usually correlated with disease severity, high DON levels have been observed in asymptomatic kernels.
| null | null |
toxins14060409_makarova
| 0 |
we revised the sentence as “DON content of most lines without Fhb1 exceeded 1000 μg∙kg-1 under UBFI method (Figure 2), with the highest reaching 4224.38 μg∙kg-1 (Table S1)”. (Pag.5 Line 184-186) Point 5: Lines 411 & 413: “PPSB” should be “PPSD”.
| 2 | 1 |
The paper describes a set of experiments carried out in 2020 2021 on isogenic lines of wheat using different methods of Fusarium inoculation in order to assess the effect of Fusarium inoculation on FHB disease index and DON accumulation.
| null | null |
toxins14060409_makarova
| 0 |
We corrected it. (Pag.11 Line 441 & 443) Point 6: Table S1: “PPSD - premature spike death” in the footnote should be “PPSD - proportion of premature spike death”.
| 2 | 1 |
Among the three methods used, the upper bilateral floret injection (UBFI) maximizes DON accumulation in grain and significantly distinguishes DON content in different wheat genotypes, indicating that the method could be useful for breeding program to develop wheat cultivars with resistance to DON accumulation.
| null | null |
toxins14060409_makarova
| 0 |
We revised the expression in the footnote of Table S1.
| 2 | 1 |
1 Response to Reviewer 2 Comments Point 1: I would suggest to avoid citing supplementary figures at the beginning of the chapter.
| null | null |
toxins14060409_makarova
| 0 |
Thanks. We revised the annotations in Table S1.
| 2 | 1 |
The paper is of high interest for the community working on FHB and shows the importance of inoculation method on the results of disease and mycotoxin accumulation.
| null | null |
toxins14060409_makarova
| 0 |
We agree with the reviewer’s comments and make Figure S4 as Figure 4 in this revised version.
| 2 | 1 |
Authors in this manuscript report that DON accumulation in wheat grain is affected by inoculation methods (infection points).
| null | null |
toxins14060409_makarova
| 0 |
We marked the inoculation sites with red arrows in Figure 1.
| 2 | 1 |
Point 7: Fhb1- and Fhb1+ don’t appear in Table S1, so they can be removed from the footnote.
| null | null |
toxins14060409_makarova
| 0 |
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